IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. 1.0 I.I L^128 12.5 ijo "^ iMl ==^ 1^ 1^ |22 ^ li£ 12.0 I 1.25 iU '/] w ^V'' ^ /. '/ /^ PhotograpfiJc Sciences Corporation 2:; WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO (716) 872-4503 \ iV :\ \ '''^>^ V i\ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICIVIH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniquaa at bibliog^aphiquaa Tha Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy availabia for filming. Faaturoa of thia copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua. wliich may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction, or which may aignificantly changa tha usual mathod of filming, ara chaclcad balow. 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Tha last racordad frama on aach mlcroflcha shall contain tha symbol — ^> (moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol V (moaning "END"), whichavar applias. Maps, platas, charts, ate, may ba filmad at diffarant raduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba antiraly includad in ona axposura ara filmad baglnning in tha uppar laft hand cornar, iaft to right and top to bottom, as many framas as raquirad. Tha foMowing diagrams iliustrata tha mathod: L'axamplaira filmA fut raprodult grica A la gAnArosit* da: Library Division Provincial Archives of British Columbia Las imagas suivantas ont At* raproduitaa avac la plus grand soln, compta tanu da Is condition at da la nattat* da l'axamplaira film*, at Bn conformity avac las conditions du cantrat da filmaga. Las axamplairas originaux dont la couvartura 9n paplar ast imprimAa sont fiimte an commanfsnt par la pramiar plat at %n tarminant soit par la darnlAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'imprassion ou d'iliustration. soit par la sacond plat, salon ia cas. Tous las autras axamplairas originaux sont filmAs an commandant par la pramiAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'imprassion ou d'iliustration at Bn tarminant par la darnlAra paga qui comporta una talia amprainta. Un das symbolas suivants apparahra sur ia darniAra imaga da chaqua microfiche, salon la cas: la symbols -^ signifie "A SUIVRE". ia symbols V signifia "FIN ". Las cartas, planchas. tabiaaux. ate, peuvant Atre fiimAs k das taux da reduction diffArants. Lorsqua la documant ast trop grand pour Atrs raproduit an un saui clich*. ii ast film« A partir da i'angia supAriaur gaucha. da gauche A droits, at da haut an bas, an pranant ia nombra d'imagas nAcsssaira. Las diagrammas suivants illustrant la mAthoda. -rata >aiura. 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 XkO ^^ • ■ ' ^<.\ -^ 1 J / / •r 6- • ' ' 1 1 in .nil cut pliK cJi^' llovAi, Encinkkh Camp, Ntw Wksiminstei:, Buitish Cohmdia, IGf/i Septembev, 1802. Sii:, III (ilic'iiit'iire (o your iiistruciioiis I liavp tlio lidiKH' tn ctfi't-r a frw ifi'iu r.'il olisciv.'itKum oil fircnnistaiifcs lliat I noticed wliilo jirocoeiling from New Wostiiiiiistcr to Lake La IIuclii'. From Xcw Wostiiiiiistor to tlic iiioiitli f>f ilic Harrison tliero is a slight incrcnpe in tlic numbor of lialjitaiions on tlic banks of Frascr llivcr since last year, parti- iMilarly on the north side; these coupled with llie gaps in tlic forest caused by the cutting of cord wood (i>r the use of the steamers, and which ex]iose in several places soil of a proniisiiip; a]•p^ttl•ance, indicate a slowly i)Ut steadily pro;!:ic':sivc occupation. The river has altered its channel perhaps a little more than usual this year below the mouth of the Uarrison; the li.ink; remain the .siine but poi-- tions of the low islands near the Chllukweyiik are removed, and shoal places altered in position. The top of the incompl(;te dam in Harrison Iliver lieiiig covered, I could ii: I sec from the steamer its state o*' preservation : no part of it liowevor appears to have been injured, but the beacons erected on it should be redxed bellire the next freshets. The shoal at tlu^ mouth of Hariistm Lake has considerallv in- creased, the channel in.w being ilriveu close into the eastern shove. This cumu- lative obstacle, which is a natui'al formation, not arising from the dam, does lU't pntmi.se to become a serious one, being ea-;ily removed by means of a dredge which, with the inci'easiiig traffic, will soon be foui.,1 an indispensable adjunct to the navigation from the mouth r.l' the Chilukweyuk Iliver to the towns of Doug- las and Hope. The tortuous jiinvt ion of the head of Harrison Lake with Douglas Lake would be grc^itly im])roved by the ajiplication of this machine, indeed all appearances tend to jirove C"ai)tain (Jrant's observations, that a dam alone without dredging would not j>crmanently remedy the obstacles to navigation on the Douglas route. The town of Douglas is increasing, but ihe stumps are i.till iu the streets. A want of v-atcr in the Mill Race has caused the supply of limiber to fall short of tlie demand, and has dela\ cd the erection ol' several buildings. As yon are aware, the D 'Uglas IJoad, eoiHlructed by the IJoyal Engineers, is in good travelling order, and made of lastuig material: the widening of the termini will be a gf'at improvement. Settletnent does not appear to increase akmg this road, probably from ihe rocky line of country through which it passes, Init the ^. C OLOIfEL R. C. Moouv, R. E., ] Commanding, > &c., i^c, (te. J J i76iG JS^ W- 2 owners (if way .-)(lc licusos iiiw; fri'iiorully enlarging tli(ir jnciiiiso-, uikI ii is ti I'C 1h>|i(.m1. improving l)Ot]i tlicir iu'cciniiuitlatioii and tlicir circunistjinccs. A now Steamer is partially huiit en Lake Lillooet, wliich if is tliiniulit will liave power enotigli to stem the rapids just belviw tlic Lake, and take tlie frvidit ilircrr iVoin »lie Douglas lload to remberton, so soon as the dam near the ontlet ol'lhc LakL> shall be oomiiletod. At rcniberton the landing is, and will be bad, uniJl the wag,:; Lillooet on the East bank of the Fra.ser and proceeding towards .VK\audria. 'J'he land is not inviting akuig it for the first 20 miles, exeejit at the Fountain Flat, 8 miles from Lillooet, where with irrigation a large and very gond vegetalile garden has been establislied in tlie sandy soil, and a ileid of barley had l)een cut by the 8th of Se|)*ember. The altitude of Fotuitain is about 1291 feet above tlie level of the sea. The road cro.sses Pavillm; Creek by a bridge at 22 miles from Lillooet : a little further up the creek, with a soil derived from the disintegratiMii of gra- nite, metamorphic rocks, and ery^falliuc limestone, wdiich all meet near this s[)ot, is a larm held by Captain Martley, where vegetables are in aljundance. millet is of vi'iy fine growtli, self sown grains of wdieat have produced large ears, and barley was being thra.slied on the 'Jth Septeml er : there is good grass also for cattle, jn-oducing milk and butter ol' excellent quality. This farm is situated in a valley at the base of Pavilion ^lountaln in latitude uU' 5 I North : with such fertility one would lU'ihans hardly exiiect to find that its altitude above the sea was about perliap 2.")00 feet, as shewn both by an Aneroid Piarometer and boiling point Tlicrmo- meter read upon the spot, and comjiared with a simultaneous observation of the standard Barometer at the Royal Engineer Observatory at New TV"e^tminster, which is 51 feet above the level of the sea. The teniperalure of the air in the sliade at Captain MartltyV, at 0.30 \m. on the tUh ^ngH'^f, "^^il'* S'J'', and ,i(l laiuliii^f ]ilacn at each : its lii',rli(.'sf |it)iiit in crossing the nioiuitaiii is alHUit ■>^^['2 I'l ct iilmvc th(- sea. The iaiul on tlic mountain ih generally' (ijion and covcr- id witli good grass, largo quantities of wlilch have been cut for liay; intermixed '\iih it on tluj gpiieral .summit is a good deal of vetch, and wherever this i.s, ire ?nark.s of jire-emption. A few houses and many fences are -^reeling on tlie pla- teau near the .sunuiiit : tlie general level at tliis pari may bo indicated by that of •' the Grotto " which has an altitude of about o'J.S'.) I'eet above the sea. The soil i-i generally a ihin covering ofhunuis with a full clayey sand below, and a mi- ner's diloh tr.iverscs the whole rurliicf jiliiteau not far from tlic waggon road. The descent of the nortli side ot' the mounlaiu into Cut Off Valley is likewise itecoinjili.slied in five stages, allhoiigli it is about ]000 feet less tlian tlie rise, the base about .'31 miles from Lillodci being ;]r)3') feet above the sea. The lemperatiu-e of boiling water at this .spot on the lOih August wa.s ■20;'j.25 degrees .•igreeing Avith the indications of the anei'oid barometer. The temperature of the air va- 12 degrees at I o'clock on the morning of the 10th August. The f '• outcropping rocks to ]>o sc^n on tlie gravelly flanks of Pavilion ISIouu- i;iin were hai'd iron stained trap, Iji-caking into slabs. The very i.ravy work lliat has lieni executed in the ii.«cent and descent of this mountain is highly creditable to Mr Wrlgiit the builder of the road, and it is )in;ch to be liopeil that (he winter snows at this considerable altitude ■will not in- t 'ifere witli .such a well constructed conunimieation. The lengtli <.f the air line, astronomiiaily determintd, from the commencement of the ascent to ijie base in Cut Oil' \'alle\' is 7 miles. The length of the road between the two points Is 12 miles. To the eastward of the Pavillc n ^Iiuniain, and ."^tj^arated from it by a small v.'dlo}', is the northerly continiuition of the crystalline limestone range of tlie Pa- vilion (or iNIarblo) Gap. The Cut f)d' Valley cuts through this range 8 miles, Commencing at three miles from the Ija.-e of tlie mountain; it has abimdance ot' good grass with vetch or pea vine interspersed, and wild rye. There is open tim- i-'f, [irincipally Scotch Fir, generally a good soil, and a fair supjily of water. The length of the valley is aliotU sixtten miles liy :i mile in width, and I understand r.eaily the whole olit is prc-cin]>ted. The altitude of the valley at the -IGth mile pi St i'roni Lillfioet is about 2973 feet alcove the sea : this is not far from the Go- vernment Reserve tor the probable site of a future town, and wliere the wag-gon road from Lytton is to join that from Lillooct. The fblluAving temperature^ of air in the shade were observed in thi.s valley : 13th August. T A.M., uii° V. " 9 A.M., .54' 0. I.^itli An<:u.>;t. <» A.M., Oa" 0. JlJtli AuKiist, 3.;)0 A.M., .3S" 0. irtli Augii.-t, 10 A.M., mf 0. 24tli Aiiiru^t, 8 A.M., .'54'' 0. 4 TI;c (r.ww Ciffk ViiIIc;v, tliMii-Ii wlil.li tlic f.N ifnii n>;ul wi'l pa-'^ iM.ni tlif r.(y.:;\- j.'ult! Ii> tin; f'nt <)ll' \'jill, V, is ill a iiu.'taiiinr|iliic ainl scliisiusc loniiaticii; it lias "Oil"! uniKs, I tliiiik sciiic '^iH'A soil, .-•(■vcntl .■.imkiii;r ji'iuls, ami a stream orvfry j^'ddd walei" near il.-> siuitlurn rnlrancc. 'I'lic l'>(iiia|iarlf Valliy riciu llic juiiclinn (.f (!ravc Crcik li' lluil ni'ilir ]lai Kivcr willi llic r.i'iia]iaiii', i-< i.rincipallv iindii- iatiiic; sv lo the I'ivri', at a lii\v >';v/v nl" wat-r, atiij "ii lln' hills, llicic is a iiiciliTatc (jiiaiility I'rr.'iMl !l.r aiiiiiiais. At I lir ju'icl inii oi' tlic Hat ami r>niia;iarlc IJivn-s tliorc is a liuiii >vitli uduij M'il. <'cciij.i' i! l)y Mr. M^Ltaii; its altilulc isalnut KlJ^tJ feet alicM' t!n' li'Vi'l dl' till' sra. Fnuii tiiu nimiihl in I'miapaitL' \'al]iv to tlio s|i(it kiU'WU as tlu' L'ii])t'r C'lo.sing tlii'i'i' is iiicrc li.'C(i, btil ^'roat (il..-ta('lLS to mad lllaki1lL^ I'roiii tlio jiini'ti'.n i I' the niad> I'ldm Lilli'i.ct aiiu Lyltmi. tlic lim- [n-ccit'ds to cf. .-s lU'avcr Crr-'k at the hrad ol'dit Oil' Vallry, and to asrond tiio i.'i'iu'rai ]ila- Ic.'iii 1 a wliirli firt'cii I.aki' and its associatcil alkaline ]'( iids afe situated, 'j'liis '■lat'au li.-es rather a!.rii]'lly tVoni the Cut ()ll"^'alley; iis altitude a( the head ol' the r• s'.ia" Cfi '• and the (ireat Thasni : hay has lieeii eiit here and a he ii-e is liiii'uiii:: wui ?■<' l!i<' load erosse.-. if. 'I'he (Iieal (hasin is a vi niai kali'c fe.'i '. 1 1 re ; it is as il"a striji ot'the jilaieaii 'I or 7 miles in leii-th and tViiiii •_'(!() to ."((111 ' ard> in winlli had. ^llll^idl■d to a d' jiili e-ic'edini: l'-''" ll'et, exj.osinii' liorizon- t.il s'rala ('I'elose dark Lri:ii,;ed sand-^lone coiiiani'ii;: (jeeasionai small holes, tiroiia- l)lv T'.ie e,i il' red oehn eiis I'arlli lie in the .strata. 'J'he Iiead and walls of tlio eha-ni are vertical: inlo it a sin.dl swamii drainaire stroam tidis, wLIcli hears no indie.ation ol'excr lieinu' ' anv maiMiitnde; it is dammed in the t] bv 1 >ea\'ers, nito a :-n! ill \'- Aifjust, the Th rnii .1 A.M. •r lasm, |)roljal)Iy vi\ whieh thi'rc was iec on the mornitiij- of 2(ilh II'. ler outside niv tent at the liead I'l' the eiiasm st.'indiii'j' at le nil !;'li of the chasm, which i; at the com ncnccmcnt of the defi'e.s ol' the i)ona|>a:te, is conf r;ic!y tiio Castle Kucks wlilch have a ]ier|'C!idieidar lace toward tiio Bonaparte, and ai'c cr.m])( sed ofnearlv hoii- zonfal he I ; ol'anL'nlar I'l agmcnt.s uC ti'ap, metamovphic rocks, and vesicular ]a\;i einiic'd.ied in a mortar-likc ])asto, giviiiL^ the oonijioupd the ;ijipcaranr'c ol'an tirti- ticial concrete; of aii;:ulu' material-. It is i;reatl\' ('li-intcLTrated \i\ tiie weather .and W( ri! into turrits, iVc: where the --ire.im kssiU'S iVom tlie m sni.all jMiition ' t Uiideilyiiijr compact Mack idek is \isible, wliicli has tractiircd a little ol" the strata and criveii it a din of nerhaj .) southerlv, TI le waL;;jon loai 1 ,MH 1 )ein conip'efed to tlie head of th.; (ireat Chasm, I rode tliroui^li the tlire.st to join the lln.ls 'III ^on B.iv Briuaik; ti'ail at fireeii Lake. ■;urt;i ce of the < ': if n L ri:, lean I'n'in C OiVV covered '.villi In .in iCK. a..ii ..' '.vlich :s vcrv gf (^d bu illey to the ss; ] CI i.asm i.s ncn isn\ jcyone .1 th Iiasiu IS ,1'iul the 5 cliasiii l.wanl- (Inoii l/ik" llir tirtjicr liccfimcs lliii'kcr, the grass lcs.-> a1>iitiu;iiit Aviiili' tlu' -finiipl licri'iiK s liiniiiiiiil:_v ami >(rrwii wrtli lioiildcrs: \.v.''.:-- [lon.Is of ^val^■l•, ali\c wiili \vi!il i'owl, an' s.'alicr.'il in tin: lii''!u\vs, t(';r'liirr wiih s'.v,.iiiii», tlii-iMijli \vii'''li llic_\ a]i|iaiiiiily ruMiii'ri wiili c^eli I'lluT wlicii llic w.ili'i' is raisi'il li\- liii' iiicliii;.' < r ih'' .siii'Ws. All till', i; juiiils arc iiii'i'i' or ics^ ulkaliiic, sciiiic I'apidly discnlniir im'iiici'ii' Irsi |iii|i(i-. while dllur- '|uili' close tn iIkmii will only ri'stcrc! llic fMJdiir \i> rciMiiuil lilimis. In llse siinuiier imiH' <'(" tlicso waters bIiciiIiI liu iiseil ',',!]■ drink, llu-ir alkalinily lieinL' iin'nascd by tva]iit\-, lliat l.ucwnas SliawlxiTy ! d,e. .'I miles sj^ilh (•l'(;re(.ii Lake, is jior- liaps fine (.1' iiie lu'^1 t; jiirnieil liy eoinliinatidn with the gveaso in whirh the li( riles have lieen rea.-tnl: lln re i< t(.'rn .shore, alung wliieh an ii.di.m tr.ail rnns tliiMnili iliidi'-c (reek tn Caime Ci-eek nn the l-'ra.ser : the oa^terri .■^hi'ic is hi!h . .and IkiIi 1i;iM' ;m diien l rewth "ftindifr. 1 di not kni'W whethci" thi.-^ I.ar'ji' l)('d\ ( t' watei- lia> ;mi\- entlei; il" ihej-e he nne at this time of the year, il dees ii( t s( ( m to lie iiilntlie liinai.arfe, >\h,.<,.f kIiI. 1.nt^ >i-.ii'..1Ki.... ii-!ll. <-/.ii »..•■• jiif'tiahiy con- luie ini[iurities as ihc.-e !net villi when travi'llin^ with yt lain the -auie nnjiuniics as mc.-e mer v iin wiien rravi'nm^ wini yo OUana^aii, viz; Sidi'liur. Carhonii' Aeid, .S.da (as Sul]ihatc of Soda or S ofSodinm and C.irhor.ate of .■^eda), ami co '^•■'^ 1...1.1.. -i....;-...-l 1: eonlJlo•^inu;' traehv !'■ in tin oil near Sulphide soil •nnnon Salt, prolialily derived from de a> ilie-e suh.-.i,'mees are not lost hy evaporation while thev are l.ein'.i con^r.antly su]i]>!ied Iry d'"'"""" •' ' mon> aikiilhie. (Ti-ei n Lake was ,1 lainat'e. i!ie Lake-; must jrradiially bccnni(! o/en la-t winler; il> alliinde i.s alxnit olG4 feef mon> aiKiii'ue. vtix'i n i.aue >\as iiozeii la-i wnner; m> annuMe i.s anoni oiu-» leei iihove the sea. The hniieralnre of the .air in ,-liade at .') A.M. on 27th and 2Mi AiiGfiist wa.s ."1.') .') .and .'(7' '>. re-pecli\ely. The liripade Trail touehinL'' the ,s(ailliern exln niity of (ireen Lake erosses and inns a!on,i; a slreain of Iri'sh \va!er thai tlo\\> inio ir, then wind.s Ijelween Hwam'|)s 1 i.aives and InW (.'l^^ely wooded hills, aftainini;- an increased ole\'ation until ttliv* .l|l\\.' .1(11 (.-.. vi.v., ■■ .■ - ; .-■. _ .shortly hefore it makes an aluaipl de.-'.'onl I" lir!d..re (.'reek. Iiridue Creek is in a valhy .ahout .') mile'.> Ioi.l;-. lyii JirMue y reeK is in a vaiiey .aoeiii ,> iniie'.> iiii.L;. lyim^ .>.r. anii n. u ., iiie niiis on the north side having a gentle sIojk! ami not rising sn high as '.hose o]>po.-ite to them : there is ;i house here, hut ailiiough the s.iil Is good, nothing has keen .sown lull k'lluru and turnips which grow very well. Theiv is a eousider- aMe amount ol' swamp in the valley, an open gruwlh (■!' cottdu wood, and grass that mar at hand has heeii mmh eaten oil' liy the large pack trains that hall here: One train, I was infnriiud. p.assed the last se\'ere winier at this place in good ■'■'■ - i>..: I.-.. /'....I. Il i,,.(, .J l;ii-j-e stream wl/ndi '■ con lition. llridge Cri'ek Jlows mlo a large stream which is .sud to he a tiil'Ularv of Horse I'.'v Creek, 'i'roiighton'.s boiling point thermometer sliewcil a tempera' lire' at ihe level of the hoii'^e of L'lH'i' t.i on •J'.'lli August, .and of 20G"' -lU -♦■— ^ r'li '.\\>\ Aui:it>t, itulicatiii'j iiltitiiilis (iruKniit .'iH'.l ami ;5u.")l Hct rtspccilvcly, r'l' ii iiicau nl'llO.Sd loct alxivc tlic level oftlie sea, luverlliek'ss the leiiiiHTatiirc nf tlic aJ!' in tin- sliaiK' at .S a.m. v\\ »".tlli w.i-- ."i7" and <.|'ilie wahr v\' ili.' ereek ')[\ on tl;i' .'list, at 7 r.M., llie air wa-. ("'' 7.'i. ami "u 1 -^l Sr[ temlier. al 7 .\.M., it wa.s 'Ih" 111' Falireulielt. The Brivaiie Trail, fitiin r.iidivo C'l'eek tn Lak'' T.a !Ia. ue, | a.-se,, dvi r a |iftrk- liko COIUltrv, with ;.'en(l Mfiiss liiailv llie wlu'le ilislaliec, with a liUmher el' lui'go iHiml.^ (ir lakes In the westwai'd, ami eni.;ej tun slreaiiis el' ^cioil water. The entire ili.-taiiee i.s iihniit 1.') miles, with a tail efaliuut (H'd llii. Thefe is a dilH- eult hill side 1(1 des(eml aliotit :i miles rreni IJridge Creek Farm, llie ceiintry tlicii i.-> epeii and Licntly relliii!j. A hmise lias lieeii Imill en the shnrc cifa lake at 7 miles frem lirid^je Creel;, and aiinthei- .'i mile,-. I'lirlher. whei-e hay ha-- heeu cMit, aiiii Iiarl/v. jieas. and jiotates were LrrewiiiLr eu "JiMh Anun^t. Lake La lluehe isaheiit 12 mile'; leiiL' liy I'rem eiie to twn wide, an. 1 has deep fresh ^v.iter with a liettom dl'ui'avi'l and .s;ind. The luirthern shere el the lake, aloiiff wliieh llu; I'ri^'ade trail runs, is a eenlimialien et'the same rolling uuimtry a.s tliat lutwecnthe lake and Hiidgo Cnrk: a I'ew small .streams Hew inte it, seme of whieh dry in the simmier; these water thevalley-s in the uiidiilatiens In the north el' the lake, whiijh wmild prebal.ly he worth examininir I'or airricultiirul [luriie.-jfs. 'J'he South shore is mu;h more ihiekly wnndeil tlian ihe li'U'th, and the hills a|>- jieai' ■ iglu'V. There wei'c ahout a dozen Indians (i^hin;/ in the lake, who eami. ivandoops; these wi're the only Indians met v.iih north nj' ]'avillon .M(iintain, e.\eepi twfi or three at ijiiiigc Creek who came I'roni Canoe Creek cm the Fraser to .shoot ducks and gather berries, which are In great al)undancc at tlie Hirmer place. Lake La Ilache is al/out 2i>^^ feet ahovo the sea. 'J'he temprra- turc of the air at ") .\.m. on .'K)th August was 1l*° 5, and at 7.. 'SO a.m. r»i'^ at which time the tewipei'ature of the water in the lake was (! I ' ; un the same ilay the I'hei'mometer (not Mackened') .-li'Wed St\° at neon in the s;ir:. 'I'lic' river ih'wing 'lut of Lake La Ilache, passing through Williams ]^ake, tails into the Fi'asor. From t'lc forcj-oing description you will see the great altitude ofe\ en the vrilley.s tulwecn Lake La Ilache and the Pavilion, while the I'asual 'I'hermometer readings mentioned, will serve to indicate the teniperatui'cs dining the mei-.rh of August a!id first half of September. The whole period was I'xcessively hot in the day lime with a pleasant mlkhic.ss at night. There was no frost ( xcept at the head of I he (ireat Chasm on the occasion mentioned, but it seem-^ rcasonalde to suppose that abniit a month later, night fi'osts would be found to jn'cv;!!!, and althougli the snow niav disappear early, partly perhaps on account of the com[iarat!veIy small quantity whieh is thought to fiill, and the absence of shelter i'rom the ibrest, it does not Ibl- lo\v tliift cold nights mav not extend late into the spring. Heavy dews were pre- valent, but it seems [irobable both fi'oni report and the appearance of the watercourses that very little rain lalls in this part of the country. During six weeks, from the i^ i ci'iiiiii" iiccnii'i'l (if AiU'ii^'. lli'Vr wi'iN' i'iil\ tuu iliiy, cii \vliic)i i-aiii fill, aii'l tin \\ it was iiCL'oinpaiili cl l.y li'a\y lliiiii'Ii r and li;/Iitiiiiii;. A|iiii'iiilrc| til \\u> r«'|'Pir ail' ^l^( Iclirs crilic ;jrciiiiiil wiili astrniu'iiiiral |i(isiliciis ami a liaionit'tiii' siciicii (I'.'iOn iMilr.-> el' l'iiil>]i ('(iluiiiliia. rinm i!n' niciuli cl'ilic ri'ascr Ki\rr I)y tlic Ilairisnn to Din^/la- aiifl Lillnci *, iIhmu'c aliii;.' tlir line nC >va,L'f!;i igadc Trail a-* liir as Laki' La Ilaclic 'I'lic section anlH\vn a-< alluvia'; it srcnis |)ri>lialil(' tliat a line drawn faslcilv iVi'in I'crt Mi cdy in I>iii'i'ai'd Inirt, crt'ssiii'j, llii; licad of Pitt llivcr and tnu(!liiiifi; the Ffascr near flio UaiTisoii, tlicncc niiitiiti'j ahoiit sdiitli WL'stcrly tuwaids Ik'llinyliani I'l.iy, -wnuld fcim'scnt tlii' futliin.', (n- at all events till' iKirtlioi'M limits of an csluaiy liirinatidu. Tlic imly russilH I liavi- yet seen in this part, ai'c lca\\*s and steins (if dionfylcdDnnns ]ilauts in tlic sand stones niul indurated elays el" tlie Cual I'c niiiMila nt' I'.iinai'd Inlet, where lij^nllc is Ibiuul: and a single tertiary Mi/fihi-t alla''hed to a iVa^'iiicnt orsaiuKtuiic toiind in u small stream aljoiit ■! miles east ol' New Westminster. All the sandy soils of this jiart of the enuntry, as well as the river banks and liars wherevei- gold lias been prospected on (he Trascr, emitain Maek inau-netie iron sand, easily rccoi;niscd by the application of a magnet. From the mouth of the Ilai'risnn IJivi'r aloiiL' ;vll the lakes and wag:jon roads in Lillooet, igneous and mct.imoi-jiliie rorks are everywhere visible, the i''rasii' flnws through them at that place and the lofiy mountains as far as ihi; I'avilloii apjM ar of the same fiirmalion, willi thi' occisinual addition ot'some masses of liard enn- glomoi'ate. Lillooet is prettily situated in an aiiiphiiheatre of mountains ol"iirr- hajis 2 miles in diameter: the banks of the river arc terraced here, the town luing built on the second sandy level I'.'*) feet aliove the Frascr. To ihe east and north of Pavilion ^loiintain is a lolly limestone ran-c with a general bearing of N.W. iIk.' rock is crvstalline, of a whilidi lilue Cdlour, and in the Pavilion gap, rises with a perpeiidieiilar fux' perhaps a thousand feot high: lieyond this range at tlu; head of Cut Oil" A'allcy are ouicro]is of splintery daik cohiured trap, then no more rocks are visible above llie soihmtil thedieat Chasm exposes the sjuidstone. From this, northerly, there are no other direct indications of tin; iiuderlyiiifT liirmation, except pcrha]is the defile of the upper i)art of the Bonaparte, which Hows between nearly iierpcndieukir walls of massive rock, iron stained, and apparenth' basaltic, and forms ihc wi'stern boundary of;; jiortion of the Green Lake plateau, the uiulnl.iting surliict' of which is vegetable soil ;!nd gravel with stones and boulders of every description. The only other rock in situ be- tween the Chasm and the end of Lake La llaehe was a mass of trap at the head of the .southern descent to Bridge Creek, but beyond this about halfway to Lake La Ilache, I thought there were indications of paiidstono, my impressions being strengthened by .small angular fragments of the same being mixed with other T roundiil 'loncH vn llio ^imfiicc. Tlio boiU iTtlio streams, mIutcVit ihoy Iin I .Hf tlirf'ii).;h (lit- vc^ri.'lalilc wiil, iiml (f llionc of (Jrecn Lake ninl La Ila./ln.', .• mtaiin' I p"bhlfs (f j,'raiiit(\ frrPciistniK.', (iiiartz, »t«'., l>ut tlieir bank*, ''cii,^ i>.\v, did ii,.r afl'nrd -((iloiis cfllio uiidLrlviii^i^ strai;i. I have t!i.' lir.iK.r ti' Ik, * Sir, Vnur Mii';l iiliedi.r.' S'T'-nul, ]:. M. I'AIISONS. Caj[.ia;u llfval Eiigincerrt. Apiii'oximafo Altitudes above llio sea cpI'miiuo places in r,iili>li d ImiiMa. T>. K. OlMcTv.iti.ry, Nc « W'-lMiiixlir, FI 'n'isiiii I.iikr, .... V 'll;.'!.-!-! Cilill II..11-1 .... II >: SpriiiK llciifii 'I'lmii. ufhiiriiiK, l.'M". • lOr. .Si.irii\!.r Mil t Lnk.',- .... Miiiiiiiit LiiK. Imiii, liiil.^lv licl.iw 111 Cii.ihi.i, MW. liiv, II I..,!;,. . . . , , ■ (."■:. ^Ili.l^^. 0,^1, r,,,.,,!. tJ'l. , I,.lk.- 1,1 ll;l,ll,., K.'.l ■■V.ivj .•■III.'. •-'■iM. •.'.140. •jm. ■' , h'.m;. ■::-:i. "t 1 :iiis(.. u -Ms>. i;. .M. !'. I'lilit. J at th,; Kojiil Eligiuc,!' Pn-^s, N'.jw Wi-tiiiin-n'r, li.C. i- n •0*1 ^>>M'^ ,iti»^ : f V lin I ciif iiit:iiiiri| {incurs. una. .■)"!:. •Jit !. l'.i4o. •JU4. :::-ji. [. 1' f* .»:< ,.( i.' 1»!V ». 1 » * »■■ « ' - * » a ■« ■ .: , K-*^* f /^ '^ /> 4 .*>.'■: V'-*' /> m 4'; '-^ Ihfiwrt hvC.Yiniir^H.K '^fiP^'M'^MiLl • riuilt.l /n n- t.'l,i/,„„ H K ^C^P^/Sit. .. w w \\ WH* '' ' I V ^ m B/iBOM LTFtIC SECT 10 CULF Of GEORGIA NEW WEBTMINSTtR FflASER RIVEH ~\ ' ^ "^ .^ ^:^ '"^,~^- -X / , ■^ -'/•: r„ "\- .-» ■ i.^^tJ^^^^'^^ • .. .....^P^^p^^^^L^^g^g^^^ ^>;;r/ •/-■-' rv^- ---/^'^-.^'v^ 1:A? i43a •Jb8 AI»IO tpSON L/\ kt E d93 LTON LAKt 103 5 034 1.1 I. '-UOr.T •>" •' -'•■^i^:^!^-- -"r-'iy.^^^ \ '?>-!> ' >; "iv,f/ir '.r>z/^'/ VT:''-;-^ ^!^ r<'^<^ ^^^^-'^'^ ■ ' DO. H ARR- SON R 1 V EK H'VRRSO'^ tA'E DJS Od<1 1. 1 1. '-uor." t!6i0 P^Vl*. LOrV M' I. GWI.AT CHA'. M 4J -t- ftll M I I tS »V,,^(tWt'(*' \ i'ti'^t I'ti^y ,5 TO DGUGLA3 -^nu 1. 1 1.LOO ET, rinNCL /ilong thi linc o: \/uL iVITHiN HALF /7 A' I.E. OF DI6T/INCF. IS l/MOiC/1TEO. •..Vs' '•^\- :--- y^-,\-. '■•is. ;,- -^ ■' ' ■ ,' ^ -' ^ '^ '•>"=• -■••■So > ■ ■ ! I ■ f ' ■ vs.-.- ■• ■/' : 1 ' '^^ — ■ ^'- -^ ^ -^ — '■ ' ' '^ 474 620 7-7//.','/y/^''^''''' ''-^ ' D O U O 1- A S MOT SPBl NCS H^KRiSO'N i-Al^E ■'*'**tj^i. 365o CWtAT CHASM 3' (54 CBE;E.^ la; rev T : ivi CM THE no fl IZOI^TM L SCI Lt v.v .lY J.L/