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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely inc' et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 TABLES OF MEASURES, ENGLISH, OLD FRENCH, AND METEICAL. ^ B. DAWSON t SON, 23 GREAT SAINT JAMES STREET. SRSSS^^SC mmmmmimm .»--»«*,.| mmmmsmmm A TABLES FOR REDUCING ENGLISH, OLD FRENCH, AND MEASURES. METRICAL BY ARTHUR WURTELE, PROVINCIAL LAND SURVEYOR AND CIVIL ENQINBER. plontteal: PUBLISHED BY B. DAWSON & SON, 23 GREAT SAINT JAMES STREET. 1861. Entered, according to tiie Act of the Provincial Parliament, in the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty one, by Benjaiiin Dawson & Son, in the office of the Registrar of the Province of Canada. PRINTED BY J, C. BBCKET. PREFACE. These tables have been prepared, in the hope that they may be useful in diminishing the labour and trouble occasioned by the use of two systems of measures in Canada, of which I have had some experi- ence as a Surveyor and Civil Engineer. Among unprofessional persons there is a very general want of information with respect to the relative value of our two standards, the old French system and th" English, and no means of acquirinsf that information, except in old almanacs, not to be found, and in expensive works generally inaccessible. Tables for reducing the metrical system, now established in France, Belgium, and Holland, have been introduced for the purpose of facilitating the use of many valuable tables and formulas in French scieutific works. There is another reason for theae tables, in the probability that the metrical system will, at some future period, be adopted as a universal decimal system of measures ; even now it can be used with advantage in scientific works. The fact of this decimal system being already the standard of three nations in Europe, including one of the greatest powers of the 19th century, without being founded on any national measure, is certainly a strong recommendation of it as a universal measure. The diflference between the metre and the yard is not so great as to prevent the easy substitution of one for the other in Canada, and thus without rousing the national jealousies of any party, do away with the anomaly of two standard measures ; at the same 7 ( \j /6^2 IV. many places aLequired: iLye rplacrihelS 'd^^i^T^.K""""!^ '^ '''^'=™"'' '">'"' '"">« 1*''. >* aDd from the care wth which thi whole has been tooTivL v '""" f," f""'" ■""»''" "^ -i^"™"''. be found reliable. ^'""^ ''™'' " "=»" ^»f«'y ^e asserted, that they will outTn'e ach.""" "' """^ "" *""^' "'" "^ "°'^"'""«» "' """e by examining the examples worked The table of multipliers and reciprocals eives thp mpnnc «p..„^ • plication, and shews the factors usec^n calffing thTtabLs '^ ''"^ ^"'"''^^ ^^ ""^ ^^"'^•- The decimal equivalents will be useful in reducing final results to the duodecimal form as to the exact determination of the factors for no twn n^^. • ^^°"g'i t^ere 13 some uncertainty indeed, with our present meanVof comparSttVnot be conXed'haTit isToS^'j;/'.' ""^ "^"^l^' yard and metre or other measures, within the _L_ part ^°°'''*^'^'* ^^^^ '^ '« Possible to compare the V. ?H?P'« •*'■"- = -»-■".. K.nr.?:! rr,;T.£ MoNTBBAL, 6th February, 1861. ARTHUR WURTELE, P. L. S. STANDARD MEASURES. The English standard iiieasuro is tho yard, and was, by Act of Imperial Parliament in 18:U, declared to be the distance, at ;i teniptv tnreof 02^ F., between two points on a brass bar made by Bird in 1760, and then in the keeping' of the clerk of the House of Commons. This standard was destroyed by fire in 1834, and no copy liaving been made, the only means made before the fire The ActofParlia- of recovering the exact length of the yard isthrougli careful comparisons n with a standard measure belonging to the Royal Astronomical Society. 1 ..„ . ment also referred the yard to a natural standard : which is, that the yard shall bear a propor- tion to the length of a pendulum vibrating seconds in vacuo at the level of the sea in London of 36 to 39.1303 in. This natural standard, however, has been found very defective, and from the many conditions of a vibrating pendulum, it lias been found impossible to make use of it for the purpose intended, with the degree of exactness re((uired by the present state of science. The French standard measure is called the metre, and is fixed as the distance, at a tem- perature of 32° F., between two points on a brass bar in the keeping of the Academy of ,Sciencc at Paris. The metre is defined to be the ten millionth (10,000,000) part of the 8 quadrant of tho earth, and was Jetemiincd by the results of the trignometrical operations car- ried on between Dunkirk and Barcelona for that purpose, in accordance with a law of the Revo- lutionary Go^^ernment of France, in 1795. The arc of the meridian, above mentioned, was a length of 1,075,050 metres, and was measured with the greatest accuracy, by Delambre& Mechin, but Bessel has since shewn that the quadrant which most nearly agrees with the ellip- soid of the Earth, according to existing measures of arcs of the meridian is 10 000 565 278 metres, instead of 10,000,000 as i .ated above; consequently the definition of the metre is defective, but that fact does not alter its value as a standard. The standard measures for Lower Canada are fixed by the Consolidated Statutes of Lower Canada, Chap. 62, where it is enacted tha^ the copies of the English and Old French standard measures, in the keeping of the clerk of the Legislative Assembly, shall be the stand-^ ard measures of Lower Canada. The temperature not being stated by the Act, renders these standard measures indefinite to a certain extent : as the temperature to which standards are 1 educed is in England 62° F., and in France 32° F. The United States standard measure is generally stated to be identical with the Eno-lish a'Txs:N''i']8 * Preface, - - - - - « Standard Measures, - - TABLES. I. English Measures. - - - - - II. Old French and Metrical, Lineal, - - - III. English, Old French, and Metrical, Superficial, IV. Weights, Metrical and English, - _ - V. Multipliers and Reciprocals, - - - - VI. Decimal Equivalents, - _ - - LINEAL VIT French Feet to English Feet, - - - - VIII. English Feet to French Feet, - - - IX. French Leagues to English Statute Miles, X. French Mfitres to Endiah Feet - - «. XI. English Feet to French Metres, _ - _ XII. English Yards to French Metres, XIII. French Kilometres to English Miles, XIV. French Feet to English Feet, SQUARE 3 7 15 IG 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 12 XV. English Feet to French Feet, XVr. English Feet to French Perches, XVII. French Arpents to English Acres, - XVIII. English Acres to French Arpents, XIX. French Ares to English Acres, XX. English Acres to French Ares, xr^T ^ CUB XXI. French Feet to English Feet, XXII. English Feet to French Feet, XXrir. French Toises (Masonry) to English Yards, XXIV. English Yards to French Toises (Masonry), ■ XXV. Frencli Stores to English Yards, XXVI. English Yards to French Steres, XXVII. French Litres to English Feet, XXVIII. French Litres to English Imperial Gallons, XXX. French Minots to Wmchester Bushels, Litr es, W E I XXXL French Kilogrammes to English Pounds, XXXII English Pounds to French Kilogrammes, XXXIII. French Grammes and Troy Grains, I C G H T 2d .30 .31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 LINKAL MEx\SUllES. English. Metrical. 12 Inches 8 Feet U Yards 4 Rods 80 Chains 1 Inch 1= =: 1 Foot = := 1 Yard :=^ — 1 Rod Z.Z Chain Mile 0.0254 Metres.' 0.3048 0.9144 5.0291 20.1164 1609.315 15 SUPERFICIAL MEASURES. English. Metrical. 9 Sq. Feet : 30:}S(|. Yrds 40 Sq. Rods 4 Roods 640 Acves 1 Sq. Foot 1 Sq. Yard 1 Sq. Rod 1 Rood 1 Acre 1 Sq. Mile 0.00093 Arcs. 0.00836 '■' 0.2529 10.1168 '' 40.4671 " 25898.948 " 16 11. LINEAL MEASURES. Old French. Enolish. Metrical English. 1 Poucc 1 Pied 1 Toise 12 Polices : (] Pieds : 3 Toises = 1 Perclie = 1 Perches : 84 Arpents : 1 Arpent = 1 Leuii'uc CD 1.006 Lichcs. 1 Millimetre — 0.039 Inches. 12.789 " 110 Millimetres 1 OeiitimcUro — 0.394 " 6.395 Feet. 10 Centimetres 1 Decimetre — 3.937 '' 19.184 '' 10 Decimetres - 1 Metre : — 1.094 Yards. 191.838 '-' lo Metres — 1 Ddcnmetro : = 1.988 Rods. 3.052 Miles. 10 Decumdtres 1 Hectometre 4.971 Chains. 10 Hectometres - 1 Kilomdtre = 0.621 Miles. I II. 17 SUPERFICIAL MEASURES. Old French. EXGLISH. ISq.Pied =].13GS(i. Feet. 324 Sq. Pieds=r:l Sq.Perehe— 1.351 Sq. Rods. 1 00 Sq. Prchs=l Arpent := 0.845 Acres. 1 Arpent — .3G801.7Sq. Ft. Metrical. English. 10 Milliares 10 Centiares 10 Declares 10 Ares 10 Decares 1 Milliare 1 Centiare 1 Declare 1 Are 1 Decare 1 Hectare 1.076 Feet. l.lOCSq.Yds. 0.395 "Rods 3.954 " 0.988 Roods. 2.471 Acres. 18 IV. }| II WEIGHTS. ENdLisH— AvoinDri'oiH. Metrical. 1 Drachm 1 = 1.77 Giamraes. 10 Drachms — 1 Ounce =^28.35 «' IG Ounces = 1 Pound = .4536 Kilogramme, j 28 Pounds — 1 Quarter = 12.70 " (( 4 Quarters ^= 1 Gwt. == 50.80 " <( 20 Cwt. - 1 Ton = 1015.994" (i Metrical. Encilish. 1 xJilHgramme 1 =.015 Troy grains , 10 Milligramme =1 Centi " = .154 " 10 Centi " --1 Deci " =1.5433 " 10 Deci " — 1 Gramme = =.564 Drachms Av. ! I'J Grammes -=1 Dcca " =5,(544 " 10 Doca " = 1 Hecto " =3.528 Ounces. 10 Hecto " =1 Kilo " =2.205 Pounds. 10 Kilo " — 1 Myria " =.787 Quarters. V. 19 GENERAL TABLE. 1 French. English. Multiplier. Reciprocal. Lineal. Pied de Hoi to Foot. 1.0657G5 1 0.938293 it Arpeiit to Foot. 191.8377 <( Metre to Foot. a.280899 0.304795 u League to Mile. 3.05190-5 Square. Pied to Foot. 1.185855 0.880394 a Arpert to Acre. 0.844851 1.183641 a Arc to Acre. 0.024711 40.467107 Cube. Pied to Foot. 1.210555 0.826068 (( Stere to Yard. 1.308021 0.764513 ({ Litre to Foot. 0.035317 28.315316 20 VT DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS. Lineal. Foot. 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Inches. 1.2 2.4 8.6 4.8 6.0 7.2 8.4 9.(> 10.8 Sq [JARE. Foot. Inches. 0.1 14.4 0.2 28.8 0.3 48.2 0.4 57.6 0.5 72.0 0.0 86.4 0.7 100.8 0.8 115.2 0.9 129.6 Cube. Foot. I Inches. 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 172.8 845.6 518.4 691.2 864.0 1036.8 1209.6 1882.4 1555.2 Lineal. Fr. Perch. Pied. 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.8 3.6 5.4 7.2 9.0 10.8 12.6 14.4 16.2 ^\iVA KU. Fr. Perch. Pied. 0.1 82.4 0.2 64.8 0.3 97.2 0.4 129.6 0.5 162.0 0.6 194.4 0.7 226.8 0.8 259.2 0.9 291.6 VII. 21 French Feet. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Units. 1.07 2.18 3.20 4.2G 5.38 6.89 7.4G 8.53 9.59 LINEAL— FRENCH FEET TO ExXGLTSH FEET. Tens. 10.60 21.82 31.97 42.63 53.29 63.95 74.60 85.26 95.92 Hundreds. Thousands. 106.58 213.15 819.73 426.31 582.88 639.46 746.04 852.61 959.19 1065.77 2131.53 3197.30 4263.06 5828.83 6394.59 7460.86 8526.12 9591.89 Ten Thoua'ds 10657.65 21315.30 81972.95 42630.(;0 53288.25 63945.90 74608.55 85261.20 95918.85 1 Fr. Foot = 12.789 Eiig. Inch. EXAMrLE. 300 = 319.73 30= 31.97 3 =: 3.20 333 = 354.90 pmmmmm Mif^' 22 VIII. LINEAL ENGLISH FEET TO FRENCH FEET. English : Feet. Units. Tens. Hundreds. Thousands, Ten Thousd's J 1 2 t 6 7 8 9 0.04 1.88 2.81 3.75 4.60 I 5.63 ' 6.57 : 7.51 8.44 0.38 18.77 28.15 37.53 46.01 56.30 65.68 75.06 84.45 03.83 187.66 281.40 375.32 460.15 562.08 656.81 750.6)3 844.46 038.20 1876.50 2814.88 8758.17 4601.46 5620.76 6568.05 7506.34 8444.64 0882.03 18765.86 28148.70 37531.72 46014.65 56207 58 65680.51 75063.44 84446.37 EXAMPLE. 5000 — 4601.46 200 = 187.66 80 = 75.06 5280 — 4054.18 IX. I I I LINEAL— FRENCH LEAGT^ES TO ENGLISH STATUTE MILES. Leagues 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Units. 3.052 6.104 9.156 12.208 15.260 18.312 21.364 24.416 27.468 Tens. PTundreds 30.520 61.039 91.559 122.079 152.598 183.118 213.637 244.157 Thousands, Ten Thous'ds 305.196 3051.963 610.392 6103.927 915..589 9155.890 1220.785 12207.854 1525.98215259.818 1831.178il8311.780 2136.374j21363.744213637.438 30519.634 61039.268 91558.902 12207H.536 152598.179 183117.804 2441.57124415.707 274.677i27i6.767 27467.671 244157.072 274676.706 1 League = 15,120 Pieds. = 16,114.38 Eng. Ft. EXAMPLE. too 1220.785 50 = 152.598 1 = 3.0,52 451= 1376.435 24 X. LINEAL— FRENCH METRES TO ENGLLSH FEET. 1 1 Metres. ' Units. Tens. Hundreds. Thousands 1 3.28 ■ 32.81 328.09 3280.90 2 6.56 65.62 6.56.18 6.561.80 3 9.84 98,43 984.27 9842.70 4 13.12 131.24 1312.36 13123.60 5 16.40 164.04 1640 45 16404 50 6 19.69 196.85 1968.54 19685.39 7 22.97 229.66 2296.63 22966.29 8 26.25 'J 62.47 2624.72 26247.19 9 29.53 295.28 2952.81 29528.09 Ten Tbous'ds 32808.99 6.5617.98 98426.97 131235.96 164044.95 229662.93 262471.92 295280.91 1 Metre = 39.371 Inches. EXAMPLE. 1000 = 3280.90 700 = 2296.63 20 = 65.62 5 = 16.40 ' r7"25~='5659T5l) J . XI. 25 f i ! 1 j i LINEAL —ENGLISH FEET TO FRENCH METRES. 1 1 t 1 English 1 Feet. , 1 Units. Tens. Hundreds. Thousands. Ten Thous'ds 3047.95 6095 89 9143.84 12191.78 1.5239.73 18287.67 21335.62 24383.56 27431.51 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 9 .305 .610 .914 1.219 1.524 1.829 2.134 2.438. 2.743 3.05 6.10 9.14 12.19 15.24 18.29 21.34 24.38 27.43 30.48 60.96 91.44 121.92 152.40 182.88 213.36 243.84 274.32 304.79 609.59 914,38 1219.18 1523.97 1828.77 2133.56 2438.36 2743.15 EXAMPLE. 5000 = 1523.97 200— 60 96 80 24.38 .5280 1609.31 i 1 1 I 2() X I T . Yards. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LINEAL— ENGLISH YARDS TO FllENCH METRES. Units, i Tens. .91 1.83 2.1^ 3.66 4.57 ,5.49 6.40 7.32 8.23 9.14 18.29 27.43 36..58 45.72 54.86 64.01 73.15 Hundreds.' Thousands. 91.44 182.88 274.32 365.75 457.19 548.63 640.07 731.51 822.95 914.38 1828.77 2743.15 3657.53 4571.92 5486.30 6400.68 7315.07 Ten Thous'ds 9143.84 18287.67 27431.51 36.575 34 45719.18 .54863,01 64006 85 731,50.68 82294.54 1000- 700 = 60 914.38 = 640.07 54.86 1760 = 1609.31 1 1 Metre = 1.0936 Yards. EXAMPLE. ) X I T I . 27 1 LINEAL— FRENCH KILOMETRES TO ENGLISH MILES. I Kilo- Units. Tens. Hundreds. metre. 1 0.62 6.21 62.14 2 1.24 12.43 124.28 3 1.86 18.64 186.41 4 2.49 24 86 248.55 5 3.11 31.07 310.69 6 3.73 37.28 372.83 7 4.35 43.50 434.97 8 4.97 49.71 497.11 9 5.59 55.92 559.24 Thousands. 621.38 1242.76 1864.15 2485.53 3106.91 3728.29 4349.68 4971.06 5592.44 Ten Tlious'ds 6213.82 12427.65 18641.47 24855.30 31069,12 37282.94 43496.77 49710.59 55924.41 1 Mile = 1609.31 Mifres. 28 XIV. SQUARE— FRENCH FEET TO ENCxLISH FEET. French '' Feet. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Units. Tens. 1.14 11.36 o 07 00 70 341 34.08 4.54 45 43 5.68 .56.79 6.82 68.15 1 7.95 79.51 9.09 90.87 10.22 102.23 j Hundreds, 113.59 227.17 340.76 454.34 567.93 681.51 795.10 908.68 1022.27 Thousands. 1135.86 2271.71 3407.57 4.543.42 5679.28 6815.13 7950.99 9086.84 10222.70 Ten Thous'ds 11358 55 22717 10 34075.65 45434.20 56792.75 68151.30 79509.85 90868.40 EXAMPLE. 3000 — 3407.57 600 — 681.51 90 = 102.23 7 ~ 7.95 3697 4199.26 102226.95 XV 29 I 1 SQUARE— ENGLISH FEET TO FRENCH FEET. 1 English' Feet. Units. Tens. 1 0.88 8.80 2 1.76 17.61 3 2.64 26.41 4 3.52 35.22 5j 4.40 44.02 6| 5.28 PiO CO 71 6.16 61.63 8 7.04 70.43 9 7.92 1 79.24 88.04 176.08 264.12 352.16 440.20 528.24 616.28 704.32 792.35 880.39 1760.79 2641. IS 3521. .58 4401.97 5282.36 6162.76 7043.15 7923.55 Ten Thous'ds. 8803.94 17607.88 26411.82 3.5215.76 44019 70 52823.64 61627.58 70431., 52 79235.46 EXAMPLE. 2000 500 30 8 = 1760.79 440.20 26.41 7.04 2538 = 2234.44 30 XVI. SQUARE— ENGLISH FEET TO FRENCH PERCHES. j Feet. i 1 Units. Tens. Hundreds. 0.003 0.027 0.272 2 0-005 0.054 0.543 3 0.008 0.082 0.815 4 0.011 0.109 1.087 5 0.014. 0.13G 1.359 6 0.016 0.163 1.630 7 0.019 0.190 1.902 8 0.022 0.217 2.174. 9 1 0.024. 0.245 2.446 Thousands 2.717 5.435 8.152 10.869 13.586 16.304 19.021 21.738 24.455 Ten Thous'ds 27.173 .54.345 81.518 108.690 135.863 163.036 190.208 217.381 244.553 1 Perclie = 368.017 Eng. S. Ft. X V I r . .31 I k \ SQUAKE FRENCH AllPENTS TO ENGLISH ACRES. Arpents ■ Units. ) Tens. Hundreds. Thousands Ten Thous'ds • 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 3 0.84 i 1.69 2.,53 3.38 4.22 i 5.07 5.91 6.76 7.60 8.45 16.90 25.35 33.79 50.69 59.14 67.59 76.04 84.49 168.97 253.46 337.94 422.43 506.91 591.40 675.88 760.37 844.85 1689.70 2534.55 3379.40 4224.26 .5069.11 5913.96 6758.81 7603.66 8448.51 16897.02 25345.53 33794.04 42242.55 50691.06 59139.57 67588.08 76036.59 The Arpent is 32400 Square. French feet 36801.7 Sq. E. Ft. EXAMPLE. 2000 = 1689.70 700 = 591.40 30 = 25.35 2 — 1.69 2732 = 2308.14 .. 32 XVIII. SQUARE— ENGLISH ACRES TO FRENCH ARPENTS. English Acres. Units. Tens. i Hundreds.: 1 1 1.18 11.84 118.36 1 2 2.37 23 67 236.73 i 31 3.55 35.51 355.09 4 4.73 47.35 473.46 1 5 5.92 59.18 591.82 6 7.10 71.02 710.18 7 8.29 82.85 828.55 8 9.47 94.69 946.91 9 10.65 106.53 1065.28 1183.64 2367.28 3550.92 4734.56 5918.21 7101.85 8285.49 9469.13 10652.77 Ten Thous'tls 11836 41 23672.82 35509.23 47345.64 59182.05 71018.46 82854.87 94691.28 106527.69 EXAMPLE. 4000 ^ 4734.56 200 = 236.73 30 = 35.51 1= 1.18 4231 = 5007.98 XIX. 33 SQUAIIE FRENCH ARES TO ENGLISH ACRES. ; Ares. Units. Tens. Hundreds. 2.471 Thousands. Ten Thous'ds 1 i 1 1 0.025 0.247 24.711 247.114 The Are is a square Decametre ; 1 2 ' 0.049 0.494 4.942 49 423 494.229 and equal to 1076.43 square 1 3 0.074 0.741 7.413 I 74.134 741.343 feet. j 4 0.099 0.9S8 9.885 i 98.84H 988.4.57 ! 5 0.124 1.236 12.3.56 123.557 1235.571 6 0.148 1.483 14.827 148.269 1482.686 1 7 0.173 1.730 17.298 172.980 1729 ^00 8 0.198 1.977 19.769 197.691 1976.914 y 9 0.222 2.224 22.240 222.403 2224.029 ' 34 XX. SQUAllE— EN(;LISH AORES to FRENCH ARES. Acres. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Units, Tens. Ilundrecls, Thousands. Ten Thoiis'ds 40.5 i 404.7! 80.9 i 809.3, 121.4 1214.0 161.9 1618.7 202.3 2023.4 242.8 2428.0 283.3 2832.7 323.7 3237.4 364.2 3642.0 4046. 7i 8093.4 12140.1 16186.8 20233.6 24280.3 28327.0, 32373.7! 36420.4' 40467.1 80934.2 121401.3 161868.4 202335..O 242802.6 283269.7 323736.9 364204.0 404671.1 809342.1 1214013.2! 1618684.31 20233r)5.3i 2428026.4' 2832697.5 3237368.6 3642039.6 XXT. 35 ) Pieds. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Units. 1.21 2.42 3.63 4.84 6.05 7.26 8.47 9.68 10.89 CUBIC-FRENCH PIEDS TO ENGLISH EEET Tens. 12.11 24.21 36.32 48.42 60.53 72.63 84.74 96.84 108.95 Hundreds, 121.06 242.11 363.17 484.22 605.28 726.33 847.39 968.44 1089..50 Tliousands. 1210.55 2421.11 3631.66 4842.22 6052.77 7263.33 8473.88 9684.44 10894.99 Ten Thons'ds 12105..54 24211.09 36316.64 48422.18 60527.73 72633.27 84738.82 96844.36 108949.91 36 XXII. CUBIC— ENGLISH FEET TO FRENCH PIEDS. Feet. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Units. 0.83 1.65 2.48 3.30 4.13 4.96 .5.78 6.61 7.43 Tens 8.26 16.52 24. 7S 33.04 41.30 49.56 57,82 66.09 74.35 Hundreds. Thousands. Ten Thousd's 82.61 165.21 247.82 330.43 413.03 495.64 578.25 660.85 743.46 826.07 1652.14 2478.20 330427 4130.34 4956.41 5782.47 6608.54 7434.61 8260.68 16521.35 24782.03 33042.71 41303.39 49564.06 57824.74 660h5.42 74346.09 X X 1 1 T . 37 1 1 CUBIC— FRENCH TOISES (masonry) TO ENGLISH YARDS. Toises. i 1 Units. Tens. Hundreds. i Thousands. 3-228.15 Ten Thous'ds J i 1 1 1 3.23 1 32.28 322.81 32281.45 1 Toise of Stone is f qual to 3 2 6A6 64.56 645.63 64.56.29: 64562.91 i Toises Masonry = :9.68 cube 3 9.68 96 84 968.44 9684.44' 96841.36: yards. 1 4 12.91 129.13 1291.26 12912. .58 129125.81 5 16.14 161.41 1614.07 16140.73 161407.27 6 19.37 193 69 1936 89 19368 87 19368S.72 7 22.60 225.97 2259.69 2-2596,92 225969.17 8 ! 25.83 258.25 2582.52 2,^825.16 258251.63 9 ; 29.05 i 290.53 2905.33 29053.31 290533.08 38 XXIV Yards. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 CUBIC-YARDS REDUCED TO FRENCH TOISES, (masonry.) 0.31 0.62 0.93 1.24 1.55 1.86 2.17 2.48 2.79 Units. Tens. Hundreds, 3.10 6.20 12.39 15.49 18.59 21.68 24.78 27.88 30.98 61.96 92.93 123.91 154.89 185^87 216.84 247.82 278.80 Thousands. iTen Thous'ds 309.78 619.55 929.33 1239.10 1548.88 1858.65 2168.43 2478.20 2787.98 3097.75 6195.50 9293.25 12391.00 1.5488.75 18586.50 21684.25 24782.00 27879.75 REMARKS. 1 Toise = 72 French C. Feet. = 87.16 Eng. C. Ft. EXAMPLE. 200 = 61.96 40 = 12.39 3 = 0.93 243'^75:28 XXV 39 It. t. 1 2 3 4 5 /-» D 7 8 9 CUBIC— FRENCH STERES TO ENGLISH YARDS. 1.31 2.62 5.23 6.54 7.85 9.16 10.46 11.77 13.08 26.16 65 40 78.48 91.56 104.o4 Thousands Ten Tlions'ds 13080.21 26160.43 39240.64 52320.S5 65401 07 7848 1.2S 915.61 91.56.15 91561.49 1046.42 10S64.17 104-641.70 130.80 261.60 392.41 523.21 6.54.01 784 81 1308.02 2616.04 3924.06 .5232.09 6540.11 7848.13 117.72 i 1177.22 11^72.19 117721.92 1 sure = 35.317 Cube Feat. 40 XXVI. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 CUBIC-ENGLISH YAllDS TO FRENCH STORES. Yards. ■ Units. 0.76 1.53 O OQ 3.06 3.82 4.59 5.35 6.12 6.88 Tens. 7.65 15.29 oo 04 30.58 38=23 45.87 6]. 16 68.81 Hundreds Thousands/Ten Thoiis'ds, 76.45 152.90 229.35 305.81 382.26 458 71 .535.16 611.61 688.06 764.51 1529.03 2293.54 3058.05 3822.57 4587.08 ,5351.59 6116.11 6880.62 7645.13 15290.27 22935.40 30580.54 38225.67 45870.81 53515.94 61161.08 68806 21 The Stere is a Cubic Metre. E .AMPLE. 200 40 3 152.90 30.58 2.29 243 = 185.77 XXVII 41 Litres. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 CUBIC— FRENCH LITRES TO ENGLISH FEET. Units. Tens. 0.04 0.35 0.07 0.71 0.11 1.06 0.14. 1.41 0.18 1.77 0.21 n ID 0.2.5 2.47 0.28 2.83 i 0.32 i i 3.18 Hundreds. 3.53 7.06 10..59 14.13 17.66 oi in /■J i. t 1 C/ 24.72 28.25 31.78 Thousands 35.32 70.63 105.95 141.27 176.58 211.90 247.22 282.53 317.85 Ten Thous'ds 353.17 706.33 1059.50 1412.66 1765.83 01 1C QQ 2472.16 2825.33 3178.49 The Litre is a Cubic Decimetre.' n '- 11 XXVTII Iii-P CITBIC -FllENClI LITRES TO DlPEllIAL GALLONS. Thousands. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 0.22 0.44 0.66 0.88 LIO 1.32 Lr)4 1.76 1.98 2.20 4.40 6.60 8.80 ILOO 13.21 15.41 17.61 19.81 22.01 44.02 66.03 88.04 110.05 132.06 154.07 176.08 198.09 220.10 440.19 660.29 880.39 1100.48 1320.58 1540.68 1760.77 1980.87 2200.97 4401.93 6602.90 8803.86 11004.83 13205.79 15406.76 17607.72 19808.69 Litre = 61.027 Cube Inches. Imp. Gal. = 277.274 Cube '* i 1 Imp. Bushel = 8 Gallons. = 36.347 Litres. I t XXIX. 43 CUBIC IMPKraAL (lAJ.LONS TO FIIENCII LITRES. Gallons. Units. Tens. Hundreds. 454.35 Thousands. Ten Tlious'ds; 1 4.54 45.43 4543.46 4.5434.61 2 9.09 90.87, 908.69: 9086.92 90869.23 3 13.63 136.30 1363.04; 13630.38 136303.84 4 18.17 181.74 1817.38, 18173.85 181738.45 5 22.72 227.17, 2271.73; 22717.31 227173.06 6 27.26 272.61 2726.08, 27260.77 272607.68 ! 1 7 31.80 318.04 3180.42 31804,23 318042.29 1 1 8 36.35 363.48 3634.77 i 36347.69 363476.90 9 40.89 408.91 4089.12 40891.15 408911.51 44 XXX. CUBIC FllENCH MINOTS TO WINCHESTER BUSHELS. — — ii 1 1 '. . Minots. ;| i 1 . 1 J Units. Tens. Hundreds. Thousands. Ten Thous'ds i ■ \ 1.11 11.1 110.8 1108 11080 1 Minot — 39 Litres. 2 22.2 221.6 2216 22160 1 Win. Bus. = 2150.42 Inches. 3i 3.32 33.2 332.4 3324 33240 4' 4.43 44.3 443.2 4432 44320 i 1 5 5.54 55.4 554.0 5540 55400 6 ().65 i 66.5 664.8 6648 66480 ■ 7 7.76 : 77.6 775.6 7756 77560 8 8.86 1 88 6 886.4 8864 88640 ii 9 9.97 i 99.7 i 1 997.2 9972 99720 X X X T . 45 WEIGHT— FRENXli KILOGRAMMES TO ENGLISH POUNDS. Kilo- Units. 1 Tens. Hundreds. grammes 1 1 1 2.20 22 05 220.47 2 4.41 44.09 440.95 3 6.61 66 14 661.42 4 8.82 88.19 881.89 5 11.02 110.24 1102.37 6 1 o oo 13228 1322.81 7 15.43 154 33 1543.32 8 17.64 176.38 1763.79 9 19.84 198.43 1984.26 2204.74^ 4409.47 6^.14.21 8818.95 11023.69 13228.12 15433.16 17637.90 19842.63 22047.37 44094.74 66142.11 88189.48 110236. 85i 132284. 22j 154331.59 176378.96 198426.33 4G XXXII [ 4 < ' WEIGHT ENGLISH 1 POUNDS TO ERENCH KILOGRAMMES. i 1 \ PonndsJi 1 Units. „ k 0.45 0.91 1.36 . 1.81 o 07 70 3.17 3.63 4.08 Tens. Hundreds. Thousands. 1 TenThous'ds I ___ — — — ^ — JH ^1 1 I l' i 2 3 ' 5' 6 7 8 9 ! 4.54 9.07 13.61 18.14 22.68 27.21 31.75 36.29 40.82 45.36 90.71 136.07 181.43 226,78 272.14 317.50 362.86 408.21 453.57 907.14 1360.71 1814.28 2267.84 2721.41 3174.98 3628.55 4082.12 4535.69 9071.38 13607.06 18112.75 22678.44 27214.13 31749.82 36285.51 40821.19 i i i ! i ; i 1 ^^^■^ yv 1 X X X I [ I . 47 ^ il WEIGHT— FRENCH GKAMMES AND ENGLISH TROY GRAINS. Grammes to Troy Grains. ; Trov Grains to Gka MMEH. Hundreds. i Grammes Units. Tens. Hundreds. i Grains. j Units. Tens. 0.648 1 1 1 15.43 154.33 1543.32 1 , 0.065 6.480 1 11). Troy — , 2 30.87 308.66 3086.63 2 0.130 1.296 12.959 373.22 Grins, i 3 46.30 462.99 4629.95' 3 0.194 1.944 19.439 1 4 61.73 617.33 6173.26' 4 0.259 2.592 25.918 5 77.17 771.66 7716.581 5 ; 0.324 3.240 32 398 i 6 92.60 925.99 9259.90| 6 0.389 3.8SS no onrv OO.O i i 7 108.03 1080.32 10803.21 7 0.454 4.536 45.357 8 123.47 1234.65 12346.53 8 ' 0.518 5.184 51.836 9 138.90 1388.98 13889.84 9 1 0.583 < 5.832 58.316 7 x^ > B^ :il^ f^ fOl \ .A nil kinds of Stationery fV>r general use, or loi tne I