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 cJ(^ai^l4J "j^; 
 
 C^r 
 
 ai^t4^ P»fifi^^ 
 
 LETTER 
 
 ADDRESSED TO THE 
 
 ilEV. JAMES MILNE, AM. 
 
 IN CONSEQUENCE OF HIS 
 
 ■ REMARKS 
 
 ON 
 
 Dr. BURNS's view 
 
 Or THE 
 
 princiw.es and forms 
 
 '•> OF THE ; ■ ;>, ; 
 
 CHURCH OF SCOTLAND 
 
 AS BY LAW ESTABUSHED. 
 
 't 
 
 'BTTItE 
 
 AUTHOR OF THAT WORK. 
 
 ii 
 
 *' After the vray ^hich they call heresy, so worship I th© God of 
 falhera." — Acts xxiv. 14. " 
 
 " The bane and antidote are both before yoUi* 
 Audi alteram partem. 
 
 SAINT JOHNS 
 
 ^air.iz^ ss axpiii Vi^tiUiSf iiiiti\Vif Tiiiiiiinmif»iiimB»* 
 
 181$ 
 
 A 
 
s 
 
 loved frieni 
 
 in his parti 
 
 graces of t 
 
 of perfefl 
 
 kindly afict 
 
 of tenderne 
 
 touches of 
 
 written^ is 1 
 
 tendernefs 1 
 
 he wrote hi 
 
 broadlv exl 
 
 immediate)^ 
 
 would miici 
 
 the private 
 
 would do i 
 
 And, I, my 
 
 much rathei 
 
 for the welf; 
 
 dual, than b 
 
 to the wide 
 
 utter on the 
 
 With feel 
 have taken 
 pulpit, and; 
 
LETTER, &c. 
 
 sm. 
 
 V ▼ HEN one writes a letter to .in intimate and a much 
 loved friend," to iile the language of an eloquent preacher 
 in his parting addrefs to his flock, " he nfever thinks of the 
 graces of the compofition. He unbofoms himfelfin a flyle 
 of perfefl freenel's and fimplicity. He gives way to thp 
 kindly aflc6iions, and though there may be many touches 
 of tendernefs in his performance, it is not becaufe he aims at 
 touches of any kind, but becaufe all the tendernefs fhat is 
 written, is the genuine and the artlel's tranfcript of all the 
 tendernefs that is felt. Now, conceive for a moment, that 
 he wrote his letter under the confcioufnefs that it was to be 
 broadly exhibited before the eye of the public, ihis would 
 immediately operate as a heavy rellraint upon him. A man 
 would much rather pour the expreflion of his fricndfliip into 
 the private ear of him who was the obje6t of it, than he 
 would do it under the full flare of a numerous company. 
 And, I, my brethren, could my time have allowed it, would 
 much rather have written my earneft and longing afpiration 
 for the welfare of you all by a private letter to each indivi- 
 dual, than by this general Addrefs, which neceflaiily expofes 
 to the wide theatre of the public, all that I feci and all that. I 
 utter on the lubjctl of mv afleclionate regard for vou." 
 
 "With feelings fimilar to thefe, the paper on which you 
 have taken the liberty to animadvert, was prepared for "the 
 pulpit, and afterwards committed to the orcfa. ' IVIfhed to 
 
 , " remove 
 
 ]¥ 
 
 h >i 
 
( *■ ) 
 
 " remove every ground of mifreprcfcntation," bccaiirc the 
 part relating to the fbte of the Irilh peafantry had been 
 grolsly miriinclerRood when delivered fvom the pulpit ; and 
 *' I deprecated controverfy/' bcraufe I thought it j)oflible 
 that fome of the zealots in this place might ignorantly raifc 
 the hue nnd cry " The Church is in danger !" — being fully 
 aware of a jealous difpofition which had prcviouily ap- 
 peared in forms too contemptible to merit even an alluilon. 
 But that a respeclable Chr^ijmmi at Fredericton (hould fall 
 upon it with a& much violence as the decency of modern 
 manners would admit, was an event which I never once con- 
 templated. Indeed, I regarded it as a picduflion quite 
 beneath the notice of one cladically educated, embracing 
 topics which ou^ittobe familiar to every A.M. of a Scotfifli 
 tJniverfity, adapted only to fuch a meridian as thatof New- 
 Brunfwickand to fuch a congregation as t!iat which I addrefr 
 compofed of members of the Church of Scotland, as well as 
 Prefbyterians from Ireland, the United States, and other 
 quarters of the globe, who could not poftibly have been 
 made acquainted in any other way with the Principles and 
 Forms of that Church wh-ch I arn bound by my ordination 
 Yows uniformly to maintain. That it was intended exclu- 
 fively for the ufe of my own congregation is evident not only 
 froTci the very limited number of coj/ies thrown off,* but 
 alfo from certain internal proofs. It is in fa6i, a mere com- 
 pilation — a body of ftatutpry regulations without flefh to 
 give it confidence or blood to a6l as the circulating me- 
 dium of nutriment, and vigour. I was aware of one copy 
 having gone beyond the limits of my own fphere of pafloral 
 labours, and that one was lent by myfclf to His Excellency 
 the Lieutenant-Governor of the Province, not for the pur- 
 pofe of being replied to at Head-Quarters, but bccaufe I 
 viewed that Gentleman as the " Conftitutional Guardian of 
 the Eftabliflied Church in thi? Province," and was anxious 
 to fatisfy him thatnothing was addrefled to the people of my 
 congregation that was hoftile to thciBritifli Conflitution in 
 Church and State. In thefe circumftancesl view^oz/r intcr- 
 - fercjncc 
 
 * Only 150 were otdcied. 
 
 ference as 
 ties ofci' 
 for you, a 
 Scotch fin; 
 who are 
 in fuch in 
 lion i» th 
 icatt^fod I 
 
 When 3 
 
 prefs, I be 
 
 and prowc 
 
 and ©avid 
 
 you were 
 
 in point 
 
 fions as a 
 
 conje61ure 
 
 calm, temf 
 
 that fuffra 
 
 popular fc 
 
 ment. Bi 
 
 took theii 
 
 gave me t 
 
 in which 
 
 principle ii 
 
 is the perf< 
 
 difputant 1 
 
 vhen he 
 
 you not re 
 
 dittrefs mu 
 
 have been 
 
 fcarccly fir 
 
 the annals 
 
 cfekflibus t 
 
 taught us, 
 
 pulpit with 
 
 of the deep 
 
 ates haven* 
 
becaiifc the 
 ry had b?cn 
 pulpit ; and 
 It it j)ofliblu 
 orantly laiiu 
 -being fully 
 iviouHv ap- 
 :m allullon. 
 Ihould fall 
 of modern 
 ?r once con- 
 i61ion quite 
 . embracing 
 of a Scottiflii 
 hat of New- 
 ich \ addrefr 
 tl, as well as 
 , and other 
 y have been 
 inciples and 
 y ordination 
 ruled exclu- 
 ent not only 
 sn off* but 
 mere com- 
 out flefh to 
 ulating me- 
 if one copy 
 ; of pafloral 
 ; Excellency 
 for the pur- 
 It becaufe I 
 Guardian of 
 was anxiou:^ 
 >eople of my 
 nflitution in 
 N your \ntcr- 
 ferwjncc 
 
 ( 
 
 ) 
 
 i'crenceasawanton outrage on qll the decencies and proprie-r 
 ties of civilized fociety. I am deOrous to find an apology 
 for you, and the bell which I can think of, is, that your honed 
 Kcotch fimplicity has been impoled on by certain individuals 
 who are unable to write thcmfclvcs, arc afraid to appear 
 in inch invidious circumftances, and feel a malignant exulta- 
 tion in- the fire brands, arrows, and death which jiou have 
 fcattffod around you. 
 
 When your Remarks were announced as preparing for the 
 prefs, I began to form alarming anticipations as to the ftature 
 and prowcis of my antagonifh' I thought ofGoliah the gianf, 
 and David the ftripling, with his fling and Rone. I knew that 
 you were a ftudious plodding genius, with every advantage 
 in point of age, flanding in the miniflry, and preten- 
 fions as an author on the very fubjefl now before us. I 
 conje6lurcd from your manner in private that you would he 
 calm, temperate, and judicious, and that mildnefs v^ouMi gain 
 that fuflfrage in your favour which i as belonging to a fefs 
 popular fociety could hope to obtain only by force of argu- 
 ment. But on a fudden, all my foreboding appre'icnfions 
 took their departure. The very fight of your title page- 
 gave iTie triumphant exultation. It is an index of the ?nmd 
 in which the whole was conceived ; for it is an eflablifhed 
 principle in controverfy, that the perfon who lofes his temper 
 IS the perfon ^ho is confcious of being worfled, and that no 
 difputant fubflitutes rage in the place of argument, except 
 v/ben he cannot do better. You would be aflronted wore 
 you not reckoned a fcholar and a gentleman. Now, to what 
 diflrefs mufl you as a clergyman, ; - ntleman, and a fcholar. 
 have been reduced, when you wrote a paper which will 
 Icarccly find a parallel for violence, fcurrility,and abufe, in 
 the annals either of ancient or modern literature. TantcV 
 cfok/tibus animis inc? One leflbn, howcAcr, you have 
 taught us, and perhaps you never inculcated one from the 
 pulpit with greater force of eloquence, and that is, a leflbn 
 of the deepefl gratitude to Heaven that you and your affbci- 
 ateshave not nnw**r *»nnai tn :p/0:»'>»:^»'' «4U„ :i- :._i . 
 
 expe6t 
 
 i' *i 
 
 (I 
 
( « ) 
 
 expc6> a repetition of JcfToric'scainpaip;M and the SmillifieUl 
 fires directed in all their honors againll ourft'lves. 
 
 I have always been arniflomed to tliink and to write in 
 fonic kind of ordir, and th(>ii;;h I can trace no arranj^ement 
 in your Kemarks, I fluill ciuleav<)iir to addrcls you in tl..j 
 Letter according; to a certain method, and preler char<jes 
 a;rainriyoii under the loliovvin*; heads, Unrbaritnhienefs and 
 Vrefnnijtlion — Ji'nloiify and jln^fjaihij — Calunvnj and Ve- 
 iraEtion—Mifrepreft'idiiUon and falfo. gfoffcs — lncoiUtJlencics 
 and Contradirlions — Errors and Falhicien. If I can convict 
 you off?// or w/z^of thefc offences, I think lliere will be a 
 corpus (hliFl'i — the point will be made good, Jiu\'X dMnnatur, 
 cinn noctius abfuhiiitr. I am lorry to be compci cd to^xhibit 
 charges under I'uch fearful names, but it isabfolutely neccs- 
 fary in order to a fuccef^ful refutation oi' ijoiir llatcments and 
 a triumphant vindication ol my ownchara^lcr and pvetcnllons. 
 
 thchar'Unhk'yiefs and Prefumption make their appearance 
 at the very outfet of your performance. You enter the fe- 
 cret receflesof the intelle6iual world — you trace theworkings 
 of n»y heart — you analyze every motive ere it ripens into 
 aCiion, and with matchlefs efirontery, you proceed on the 
 principle that I meant to mifreprefent and " detraft from 
 other Chridian denominations," in oppofition to all my 
 internal confcioufnefs and to all my folemn protellations. 
 You appeal dire<Slly to the omnifcient Witnefs as to the pu- 
 rify o{ your intentions, and I certainly fliall not be chargeable 
 like you with the prefumption of invading the prerogative of 
 Deity and with the facrilege of violating the hallowed rights 
 of confcicnce. But recollet'l that the ?nens conscia recii does 
 not nccefihrily implv the abfence of every tendency to err. 
 You prejudge the caufe, by taking it for granted a priori 
 that I coii/d not pojfihhj ipeak of Epifcopacy AVith refpeB, and 
 that I mud feel towards it as deep rooted an averfion as you 
 evince towards Pre/hytery. You put me at once in the 
 attitude of attack — you lire my bread with " deadly hate" — 
 you redden my countenance with the llulli of indignation— 
 
 you 
 
 I 
 
 triu arm me 
 
 tm\ thus con 
 
 But let me te 
 
 he to a man 
 
 tility towan 
 
 of her didi 
 
 nionsand tht 
 
 tion — that I ; 
 
 — and all thi 
 
 any value, bi 
 
 that the Chw 
 
 but I hole onl 
 
 at the apptai 
 
 rian Tincher 
 
 j)les pervade 
 
 the quick, be 
 
 to the Englif 
 
 is made to w 
 
 i'peaks refpe6 
 
 " weak" attac 
 
 lie attack. Il 
 
 very obvious 
 
 burgh or evei 
 
 Library, I mig 
 
 an id tack iip( 
 
 iny friends in 
 
 facrificed the 
 
 England, and 
 
 introduce, er?( 
 
 »///t7i / belon^ 
 
 make them ff 
 
 expe6led me, 
 
 part of their ( 
 
 you are reduc< 
 
 to attack. II 
 
 liberality." 
 
SmlilifieM 
 
 ) write 111 
 an^cmcnt 
 )U in tl..j 
 r charj^ci 
 fenejs and 
 and Vt- 
 mjijlcncirs 
 in convict 
 : will be a 
 'iufnjuttur, 
 to/^hibit 
 t'lv ncccs- 
 mrnts and 
 •etcnlions. 
 
 ppearance 
 ter the fe- 
 } workings 
 ipens into 
 id on the 
 tra6t from 
 to all my 
 teliations. 
 to the pu- 
 hargeable 
 ogative of 
 ived rijjhts 
 ! recli does 
 irv to err. 
 il a prion 
 Tpcft, and 
 ion as you 
 nee in the 
 ly hare" — 
 ^nation— 
 vou 
 
 c 
 
 ) 
 
 toil arm me with the poiConed daris of vengeful aniniofify — 
 ;iiid thus complete a creature ofyour own xcnnn imagination. 
 But let mc tell you (however provoking the intelligence may 
 he to a man in a ngc) that I do not feel fw emotion of hos- 
 tility towards the Church of J'.iigland— that the works 
 ol her didinguilhed members are my famiruir comj)a- 
 nionsand their chara^lers the ()bjc6hof niy profound venera- 
 tion — that I approve of her principlci and admire her liturgy 
 — and all this I atfirm not bt( atife I regard ///// opinion as of 
 any value, but becaufe I wifh it to be diftinaiy undor/iood 
 that \\\c Church of I(nfr/a/irl is not the object olmy aversion, 
 hut ihofe only who dilgraee her by trembling for her fecurity 
 at the appearance of a pamphlet by ihv. I)i//i'f//i/ifr Pre//)i/le- 
 nan Tvather of Saint John. The lame homage of my printi- 
 j)les pervades the work you rcvtcw, which has galled you lo 
 the quick, becaufe you cannot find in it one in/iniiatiou hofiile 
 to the Englifh Church, and becaufe the Clunch of Scolland 
 is made to wear io comely an ai'pe6^ by the very man who 
 fpeaks refpeaiully of the Church of England. You call it a 
 " weak" attack, and you lay well, for it h n moli conlen/pli- 
 He attack. It does not deferve the nurno of an attack, for this 
 very obvious rcafon, that it is no attack at all. V/ere I in Jklin- 
 burgh or even in Aberdeen, with command of cither College 
 
 Library, I might makeyou feel by overwhelming evidence what 
 an ntlack upon Epifcopacy really is. My onlv .car is left 
 iTiy friends in North Britain (hould upbraid me with having 
 facrificed the interef^s of their National Church to thit of 
 England, and yet the very pafiages which candour led me to 
 introduce, even though they imphj ccnfure of the Church to 
 iohich I belong, you mangle, torture, and pervert fo as to 
 make them fpeak the language of r/cr/>/e^/fir;;/;ro/5.7//o/7. You 
 expe6led me, no doubt, to applaud the Covenanters in every 
 part of their condua, and finding that I did the very reverfe, 
 you are reduced to the agonizing extremity of having nothing 
 to attack. Hinc illve lacnjnm, " Such are the triumphs of 
 liberality." 
 
 
 'patiiy iiiiVc forpfc-ciiiiiiciiCi; ilifOughout 
 
 yo 
 
 ur 
 
 I :, 
 
 n 
 
t 8 •) 
 
 Vour publication. I know not which parts of my title-page 
 have had the greated fhare in roufing them to a61ion; whether 
 it is the comprehcnfive UeHgnation "Church of Scotland, as by 
 X/«a;J?/?aZ'///5^er/,"ortheimpudenta(rumptionoffuch anameas 
 " Saint Andnivs Church," or the two capital letters D.D. 
 No doubt each is to be charged with a certain portion of 
 inhumanity, if planting a fting in the bofom of Jealoufy can 
 be branded with fuch an odioiis name. You have rhanifefted 
 throughout fach a malignant eagernefs to fee me Ihorn of 
 my beams, that I fear there is too tnuch reafon to think 
 YOU felt a ftrong wilh to wreak your vengeance on the harm- 
 lefs Univerlity Degree. Happily, aw authority ^o which you 
 are conftraincd to bow, placed that beyond the reach of 
 your affaults, but you have gone as far as an older man with 
 an inferior Degree and frdm a Univerfity not more illuf- 
 triou^ could decently have gone. What elfe is implied 
 in the application of your fcriptural motto, " Art thou 
 a Mafler of Israel and knowefl- not thefe things ?" Does it 
 :»pply to my age, or (landing in the Church, or pretenfions 
 tt> eminence in the republic of letters? In all thefe views 
 rt is quite inapplicable, and, like old Priam's fpear, falls point- 
 Id's fo the ground. Why is my name and defignation intro- 
 duced in almofl every fentence throughout yourcompofition ? 
 Aiid what is meant to be conveyed by the expreffion, p. 30th, 
 " to intend and do a thing fo unbecoming the charaQer of a 
 Doctor of Divinity ?" You know well that the highefl Aca- 
 demical honours give no //«<; character to an ordained Cler- 
 gymati of an Eftablifhed Church, and that fuch literary 
 honours are to be valued only when conferred in the mod 
 honorable of all poflible circumftances. 
 
 Bi.t, the next crime of which I and the Prefbyterians of 
 Saint John ^fe indireaiy accufed is that of calling our Meet- 
 ing House, ISaint Andrezos Church. Proh pudor ! I fuppofe 
 you will not allow us to name our own children by and by, 
 and that, too, on much lefs fatisfaftory grounds than thofe 
 on which one Clergyman proceeded who refu|g4 to chriftett 
 i, child BccUcbub even at the rec^ucii, qs, *t|;^r£ni # «•-— 
 
 •i. another 
 
 another of v 
 ^ir Francis 
 conlemptibl 
 ferve, that I 
 worfhip in 
 fatiifaclory 
 was given t( 
 Banfi; and ti 
 a pair of o 
 authority in 
 the " no fmi 
 and which 1 
 produced ar 
 wa^fcund in 
 Saint Andn 
 objection to 
 applied top 
 and therefo 
 Fredericton 
 audience, 
 own Church 
 States and ii 
 Lt»w eftablifl 
 trouble of \ 
 mvfelf JMir. 
 in Saint JoJi 
 ter, and it ci 
 
 But the cl 
 ouily come 
 Province oj 
 by Law Etta 
 haxa EflahL 
 of darkncfs : 
 let me not J 
 for fuch a c 
 logy for f[>e 
 lefs obje6i i 
 
y title-page 
 )n; whethei' 
 otland, as by 
 ch a name as 
 etters D.D. 
 portion of 
 ealoufy can 
 'riianifefleJ 
 tie (horn of 
 )n to think 
 n the harnm- 
 > which you 
 le reach of 
 ?r man with 
 more illul- 
 is implied 
 ' Art ihou 
 ?" Does it 
 pretenfions 
 thefe views 
 , falls point- 
 ation intro- 
 )inporition I 
 on, p. 30th, 
 ara6^er of a 
 ligheft Aca- 
 ained Cler- 
 ch literary 
 n the moft 
 
 byterians of 
 g our JMeet- 
 I i'uppofe 
 by and by, 
 i than thofe 
 I to chriften 
 
 
 ni 
 
 another 
 
 ( 
 
 ) 
 
 niiother of wiiom Ihavc heard who would not dub an infant 
 ^/'r Francis Burdett. Really the cafe of niijnomer is too 
 contemptible to deferve fevious attention. I Ihall only ob- 
 j'erve, that I have every reaibn to believe that our place of 
 worfhip in this Citv was called Saint Amlreivs Church on as 
 iatioifac-^ory grounds as the name of Saint Jndrezcs Chapel 
 ^s•as given to your former place of worfhip in the Town of 
 Banii; and tha\ the defignation appeared in print attached to 
 a pair of obnoxious Hymns at the inliance of the highell 
 authorily in this Province. Perhaps this was the caul'e of 
 the " noimall ilir" which arofe about theie pieces of poetry, 
 and which has not yet fublided. Certain it is, that they 
 produced any thing hwi hannoiuj, and that at kq/I one copy 
 wa^und in'the organ gallery with that moll ofienfive name 
 Sairil Jndrexcs lilerally expunged. I hn\e no particular 
 objection to the term Meeting Houfe, bccaufe it can only be 
 applied to places of worfnip which are not rowplei^'h/ deferted, 
 and therefore you may appropriute it your Church at 
 Fredericton as long as you are favoured with a refpeflable 
 audience. Many of my people apply the term even to their 
 own Churchj becaul'e they were accuftomed to do fo in the 
 States and in Ireland where the Pre/bijterian Kirk is not by 
 L:»w eftabliflied. Had I thought it would have faved you the 
 trouble of preparing your " Remarks/' I would have called 
 myfelf Mini/ier of the Pre/I)yterian DiJJenting Convent icla 
 in Saint John. I know it would have pleafed ijuu much bet- 
 ter, and it could have done 7ne no harm. 
 
 But the climax of enormity is not completed till I audaci- 
 oully come forward ai^d in lep;ible characters, zc'dhin the 
 Province of J\'ezo Bri/nfzvick call the Prefl)yterian Kirk as 
 by Law Ettabllflied in Scotland, the Chnrch of Scotland, as by 
 Laxo EJlahlipied! I Ihuddcr to contemplate the charqSiers 
 of darknefs and horror in which my guilt is infcribed ! i3ut, 
 let me not fink in defpair. There is a gleam of hope even 
 for fucha criminal as I am ! — You make an ingenious apo-. 
 logy for fpending the violence of Antipathy on fuch a worth- 
 lefs obje6l (p. c.) The words of Arch-deacon Blackburn 
 
 a 
 
 c 
 
 I'll 
 
 #;; 
 
V 
 
 10 ) 
 
 feem to have made you fret, l)ecaurc von cannot qucfiioii 
 their triith and dare not afporfe his name'. " On the ocmiino 
 .yroundo orieparation from the Chnrch of Rome/' lavs that 
 dillin^riiifhoJ luminary o( the Church o[ Encrland, " all par- 
 ticular Churches are co-ordinate; ihcv have all the lame 
 light in an equal degree, and the deciOons of one are, in 
 I)oint ot authority, on the lame level \vith thofe of another." 
 l^ IS quite incontrovertible, that the Churches of En'-land 
 and Scotland arc both feparatilU from (he Church of limne, 
 that the grounds of lcj)aration wcie more numerous in \\^c 
 /J7//cr cafe than in t\\cJonm:r, and, in lliorJ, that the one un- 
 derwent a more thorough purilic;ation than the other. On 
 thclc .^rounds, (whatever be their number or their nature i 
 according to Blackburn, t he v are ra-wr////.7/e, equal in autho- 
 rity and m rights. This no doubt is revolting to the feelings 
 ol a Scotch Epifcopalian, but I cannot help that, for it isiJie 
 Jact. And it is not becaufe the one is in Scotland and the 
 other in England on the i'ooun^^o^ JSational EJJaUiJhments 
 that I view them as co-ordinate, but, as Blackburn exprefles 
 It, ♦' on ihe genuine grounds of feparation from the Church 
 oi Rome." In addition to all this, they have one Head— arc 
 under one Government— receive i'upport from the fame 
 kind of revenues— and are one in principle. The cRablifli- 
 ment of the Romim along with the Englifh Epifcopacy in 
 Canada, ^vas an exprefs article of capitulation, and only 
 })roves what the Bilhop of Calcutta was difpolcd to denv, 
 that two efiablifhments juay exijl in one country. They arc 
 ijot co-ordinate on the grounds of feparation from the Church 
 f>JJiowe- You dare not./^;r the life of you deny that as the 
 Lnurches of England and Scotland they are co-ordinate 
 where theij exiJI, and ichere do thev cxift'but in North and 
 South Britain ? Did I affirm that the Church of Scotland had 
 found^its way acrofs the Atlantic } If I had done fo, I would 
 have^^xprelTed mylclf as incorreRlv as you do when vou 
 vii-tu'-lly fay that the Church of England had found winds 
 and waves to carry her acrofs. The Church of Rome was 
 ovLCc the Church of England, (to ufe the fame phrafeology) 
 the Church of England is now the Church of Nova-Scotia 
 
 and 
 
 nnd New-Bi 
 Scotland ma 
 faid that En< 
 and that th 
 fupports a ( 
 would have! 
 reproach fo 
 my mind at 
 corrc6^ in p< 
 vocation, 
 
 But what 
 Kirk, which 
 in abfolutc ( 
 that the Chi 
 be cxclu five 
 Monarch of 
 by you and 
 are not qui 
 Hx. Johnfon 
 " The collec 
 adhering to 
 which Chrili 
 di/Terent me 
 ritics of Ho 
 M.A. ofSt.J 
 copacy as y 
 account of i 
 tions have, 
 been attach( 
 the faithlul ^ 
 with their fr 
 Nymphas, c 
 xvi. 5. Phili 
 Paul writes t 
 as our Artie 
 dria and Ro 
 the Church 
 
:io( quc'ftioil 
 the ocniiiiic 
 ?/' favs that 
 /, " all par- 
 ill the lame 
 one are, in 
 of another." 
 of England 
 ih of liomCj 
 roiis in tlie 
 the one nn- 
 othcr. On 
 icir nature) 
 al in autho- 
 the feelings 
 . for it ist/ie 
 and and the 
 lahlijliinenU 
 rn exprefies 
 the Church 
 ; Head — are 
 n the fame 
 le cftablifti- 
 ifcopacy in 
 , and only 
 ?d to dcnv. 
 They arc 
 the Church 
 that as the 
 co-ordinate 
 North and 
 Gotland had 
 fo, I would 
 I when you 
 ainid winds 
 Rome was 
 u-afeology ) 
 N^ova-Scotia 
 and 
 
 { y ) 
 
 nnd New-Brunfwiek, and at ; aie future day the Church of 
 Scotland may become the Church of England. If you had' 
 faid that Englifli Epifcopacv is ellablinied in thefe Colonies, 
 and that the Society for Promotin": Chriftian Knowledge 
 fupports a few Miflionaries under the name of Rcftors, you 
 would have been nearer the truth. I do not mention this as a 
 reproach for no affociations of diflike or prejudice arife in 
 my mind at the mention of the epithet MifTionary. It is 
 corrcft in point of etymology^ and it imports an honourable 
 vocation, 
 
 But what is the prccife meaning of the terms CJnirch and 
 Kirk, which Antipathy and Jcaloufy compd you to place 
 in abfolutc contradi(iin61ion to each other ? It is well known 
 that the Church of Rome has all along maintained hevl'clf to 
 be cxchifively The Church, and the Pope to be theUniverfal 
 Monarch of the Univerfal Church. This language is retjined 
 by you and many High Church dogmatifts of England who 
 are not quite purified from Popilh errors. According to 
 Dr. Johnfon, the word Church has the following (ignifications, 
 " The colleflive body of Chrillians The body of Chriftians 
 adhering to one ])articular form of worfliip. The place 
 which Chriftians confecratc to the worfhip of God." Thefe 
 different meanings of the term are fanflioncd by the autho- 
 rities of Hooker, Watts, and Shakefpeare. Johnfon Grant, 
 M.A. of St. Johns College, Oxford, who is as faithful to Epis- 
 copacy as you and Dr. Daubcny, gives us the following 
 account of it. ** To the word " Church" various fignifica- 
 tions have, in Scripture, as well as in common dilVourfe, 
 been attached. In its more defined fenfc it denotes, cither 
 the faithful of one family, affembled for religious purpofes, 
 with their friends ; as we read of the Church in the houfc of 
 Nymphas, of Aquila, of Philemon (Coloss. iv. 15. Horn, 
 xvi. 5. Philem. 2) or the faithful of a whole provitico, as 
 Paul writes to thcChurch of theThefialonians ( ^dThess. i. 1.) 
 as our Articles mention the Churches of Jerul'alem, Alexan- 
 dria and Rome; or as our cullomary phiafeology fpeaks of 
 the Church of England. But tlie term Ciiuici; frcqucmly 
 
 occuriv 
 
 I fl 
 
 i i 
 
( 1^' ) 
 
 occurs, alfq, in (he farrcd. volume, under a far more extended 
 
 accepfatton. '• On this rock I will build mv Chiircii " ( Matt 
 
 XV,. IS } "God added daily to the Church Inch as fliould be 
 
 ■ r^'rirJ'^^'''*'-^ " <^'li'-i^iIo^'^.'l the Church and «ave 
 
 ol the body, the Church." ( Colo. . i. i 8. ) In thele. and in 
 many other portions of fcripture, the term Church is mani- 
 Jeftly taken -enerally. It is employed as defignntin.r^ <5w/// 
 concernuig which the attributes of unity and indillblubiliK- 
 mav be predicated ; and confequently, whenever the phralc 
 preients itlclf in either of the more contrafted fenfes above 
 
 T""""/^" "ol' 'l ''''" ^"^ ^^"^''^ff'^^' perhaps, on all hands, to b'- 
 iien^ltriclly lynonimous with " that portion of the ocncrr.i 
 Church which is in the houfe of Nymphas, or in Jerufalem 
 pr .n England."* ()„ fke/e ven/ prmciples of Mr. Grant, the 
 AjJ-zt^of Scotland ,s called ^a 6V//.re/;, my Meetincr-Houfe is 
 . ».aneu a Umnh, and is di/linouirhed from others by the ap- 
 pellation ^aint Jmlrezcs Chwxh. 
 
 Mr. Grant, like yonrfelf, under the influence of antipathy 
 to partscular names, and jealous of a rival eftablifliment, ap- 
 plies the word Kirk to the National Ecdcnaftical Confiitution 
 
 ellabliflied by the Jaw of the land. A Church may be true 
 
 yet not legal, as Epifcopacy is in Scotland, or le-al without 
 
 bfeing true, as is the Kirk in the fame country." Delicious 
 
 iTiorfel for a Scotch EpSfcopalian ! But it is only the unqua- 
 
 iifieaafrert.on of Johnfon Cran., M.A. Now what is the ori«in 
 
 o; this contemptuous epithet and what is its genuine ficrnifi?a- 
 
 tion .? iurn to Johnfon s Dialonary and you will find'it thus 
 
 interpreted, - An old word for a Church, yet retained in Scot- 
 
 Jand. Cleaveland who is the Dr's. authority, takes it to be of 
 
 &axonf)n.<r,n (cynce) and it i\s fingular that the xvord Church 
 
 m Saxon is cipce, lounake. So it appears that the diftinaion 
 
 ^vh.ch antipathy and jealoufv lead you and Mr. Grant to make, 
 
 IS a d,Jlincaonmxhox.n a ^/#r^,7r^-that Kirk and Church iire 
 
 as nearly the lame as>A- and half a dozen. But if we follow • 
 
 * Grant', Hiflory of the Church, vol. ii. p. 3. 4. 
 
 0r. Wa 
 from tl 
 Lord, a 
 nally h 
 perly ei 
 a whole 
 duced i 
 and in , 
 when yc 
 and un( 
 Scotlan< 
 fiple of 
 Saint Ai 
 from oti 
 gramma 
 drews C 
 by Law 
 antipath 
 the pro{ 
 Gramma 
 Jng-Hou 
 t'hurch 
 
 But al 
 
 lam a TJ 
 
 of thingi 
 
 by the ] 
 
 great Mi 
 
 without ( 
 
 furround 
 
 JefTer lire 
 
 own dign 
 
 of any 1 
 
 Br. Henr 
 
 eloquent 
 
 even amo 
 
 was confii 
 
 -'- 'u ■ 
 vtiuic ne j 
 
lore exfentUd 
 uirch."(Matr. 
 h as flioiild be 
 ii'ch iind »a\'e 
 ii\. is the head 
 thelV?, and in 
 iirch is mani- 
 mtin<r a in(/i/, 
 ndiUblubiJity 
 or the phralc 
 1 fenlcs above 
 hands, fo be 
 r the oencrr.j 
 in Jerijfaleni, 
 ')•• Grant, the 
 inpj-IJoufe is 
 rs by the ap- 
 
 of antipathy 
 iifliment, ap- 
 Conftitution 
 ''is a Church 
 nay be true, 
 egal without 
 Delicious 
 ' the iinqua- 
 is the origin 
 ne fignifica- 
 I find it thus 
 ned in Scot- 
 csitto be of 
 ord Church 
 ' dirtin6]ion 
 nt to make, 
 Church .Ire 
 r we follow 
 
 ( 1.5 ) 
 
 Pr. Watts and the lofl approved writers who derive Kirk 
 from the two Greek words konriou oikos, Ihe hou/t of the 
 Lord, and maintain with much p!;.ulibilitv that it was origi- 
 nally kiinoik, nftcrwr rds i oj;iraaed into k,rk, we cannot pro- 
 perly employ it to defignate the ecclefiaflical conltitution of 
 a whole nation. As derived from the Greek, I have intro- 
 duced It frequently into the very work which you review, 
 and m that fenje I have not the Icail objeflion to it. But 
 when you fpeak of the Kirk of Scotland, vou fpeak as a/^furdly 
 and nngrammafically as if you were to talk of the Chaprl oi 
 Scotland or the Mcetwg-Ihmft of Scotland. On every prin- 
 ciple of good grammar and good reafoning you m'av call 
 ^aint Andrews Church in this City ihe Knk, to diftinguifh it 
 Irom other places of worfliip, but on no principle of good 
 grammar and gorod reafoning can vou fpeak of Saint An- 
 drews Church in conneaion with 'the VrcJhxjterUvi Kirk as 
 by Law Eftabliflied in Scotland. Behold the workings of 
 antipathy and jcaloufv 'appearing in an open violation of all 
 the proprieties of language ! / fliall not fo far forget my 
 Grammatical E.xercifes, but fhall continue to call my Mect- 
 Jng-Houfe, Smut Jndrevcs Church in Communion with fhe 
 church of Scotland, as by Law Eiiabliflicd. 
 
 But all this is is mere quibbling. If you are a Kominalijl, 
 i am a liealiJi-~names:xxQ of little value except as exprefiive 
 of things We have the Scots Church of Calcutta recognifed 
 by the Britini Government, and in the very heart of fhe 
 great Metropolis we have the Scots Church, Londonwall, 
 without <rw murmur of difcontent! The latter, indeed, is 
 urrounded by a hierarchy too fplendid to be outflione by 
 Jefier hres, and by a bench of Bifliops too confident of their 
 own dignity and influence, to be afraid of the eticroachmenis 
 ot any Frejliyterian Difenting Teacher. The celebrated 
 JJr. Henry Hunter, equally known as a pulpit orator and 
 eloquent writer, raifed that Mecting-Houfe to eminence 
 even among the Churches of London, not becaufe his voice 
 was^confined within the walls of his own Utile Kirk, but be- 
 v«iac ne liioiie on every public occafiop, and - took a lead, 
 
 afpircd 
 
 I \ 
 
 
 m 
 
 if' ^1 
 
 1^' : 
 
 m 
 
 a*'l 
 
'■J- 
 
 ( 1-i ) 
 
 nlpiml to nn iniliieiuc/' (hnppily he alLnmcd it) '• and 
 praailecl ?n intcrrerencc"at mcctiii^^s graced by t!ie prcrencc 
 of the JJoyal Dukes, and the grcatcadignitarles'of thcCliiirth 
 ofEncrlnnd. Thia would have been" forward and impru- 
 dent zeal" had /yr;// been prefcnt ! The late pallor of that 
 Church was not a man of equal powers, but was diitinguiflicd 
 as an elegant preacher, and thongh he died at the carlv age 
 of thirty-nine, he lived long enough to fecure the refpetl: 
 nnd efrecm of all ranks in ihe Metropolis, and the nioft inti- 
 mate and cordial fricndfliip of the Prince Regent of the 
 Kmpire ! And yet (who would have thought it) thcfc men 
 wrc only Prefoijtenan Diffcniiu^ Tenchers belonging to ih<i 
 Kirk. Be it known to you, and to all whom it may concern, 
 that I mj/fif was in London not manv years ngo, attended 
 Public Meeting'?, went to ^\c^\ dinners (moft' prafane ca- 
 roiifals ! ) at which the Princes of the Hhod Royal prclidcd, 
 ni)d (mofi amazing !) Bifiiopsand Archbifltops, Archdearons 
 rnd even Jmlors were of the parties, not forgetting Nobilitv 
 and Gentry of all denominations; and (itill more wonder- 
 ful ! ) though I wns not in ///// orders, I was never introduced 
 a;> the Prrjlnjlrrinn Difjenting Teacher from the North, .but 
 as a Clergyman of the Charrh of Scotland (perhaps thefe 
 nn;>n(r,c words as hy Lazo EJlahlifJied were not added in 
 iid cafes,) but fo it wan, that in no one inflancc was my right 
 f9 that de/iguation called in qucftion. You may perhaps 
 think tliat miracles had not Ihcn ceafed, but I can afiure you 
 that the Sun has fcarcely completed her fourth annual Rgvo- 
 Jtiiion tinceall thcle things rook place. r)Ut they may be 
 all explained on natural principles. London is not in Kc:c- 
 Brvnficick, and the Royal Dukes are not Scotch Epifcojjalians. 
 
 You fcem to have a dreadful antipathy to the word Difjhn- 
 hr, and you cannot fee on what principle the epithet tan be 
 applied to the Kpifcopalians of Scotland more than to us in 
 Mew-Brunlwick, or wliat connexion their cafe could have 
 vith the defign and duties of the Elderlhip. The trutli i 
 ] wifhcd to crowd within the compafs of ^,x' pages as muci 
 
 1 nfonnntinn nt: TTf>llfil->lr> rotT/^«.M->;ntr /^-^-l^n,./:: „„1 ,.flf*-: — :.- 
 --' "• ]'•-•'••-••■>, L'w-iitvJ uJiig wv it-iicUiicu aiiMiia ii^ 
 
 Scotlandj 
 
 Scotland, 
 
 iiot an e. 
 
 Llderfhip 
 
 Scot ti III ] 
 
 remains o 
 
 in the N( 
 
 lyiffenter 
 
 Now, to 1 
 
 they do n 
 
 the earth, 
 
 the wing c 
 
 in the Cc 
 
 ecclena/ii( 
 
 "pplies to 
 
 tonform t 
 
 Scottifli E] 
 
 :is faithful 
 
 Uevolufioi 
 
 :ind the de 
 
 Prince, th 
 
 oath ofallc 
 
 ever, they 
 
 their tende 
 
 ihofe pen: 
 
 various pei 
 
 not teliino 
 
 bans " are 
 
 when it coi 
 
 told more 
 
 Leith togcj 
 
 fceconHdei 
 
 the Enn^lij 
 
 three of th 
 
 duals, I \ 
 
 Edinburgh 
 
 cafe in the 
 
 the Nobilit 
 
 ScQtllfh M< 
 
t) '• and 
 pre feu CO 
 ic Church 
 d impru- 
 )!• of that 
 inguiflicd 
 early age 
 le refpetl: 
 "AoCt i;iti- 
 it of tlie 
 bcfe jr.cn 
 ng to //;<? 
 concern,, 
 al tended 
 )rane ca-. 
 prefidcd, 
 '^hdeacons 
 Nobility 
 ^vonder- 
 (rockiced 
 3rth, .but 
 aps thefc 
 added i.'i 
 my right 
 perhaps 
 (i'uve you 
 3I Kcvo- 
 may be 
 in A^ac- 
 opaHaiiS. 
 
 1 Dljfen- 
 't tan be 
 
 to us in 
 J Id have 
 
 trutl) i 
 
 as muc.i 
 «•„:.„ :„ 
 
 Jcotlandj 
 
 I 15 ) 
 
 Scotland, and though mydilcourfe liad ^ parlimlar. it had 
 Jiot an exchi/ive reference to the defign and duties of the 
 i;.!dcrniij). 1 tlioiight I had ipokcn mod refpeafully of the 
 ^cottilh i:pifcopaIians when I n-prefented them as " the 
 remains of the ^///ivr/z/epifcopal church/' and as " numerous 
 n/7- '^'"''^'^ ot' 'Scotland." But that appalling phantom 
 Jjilftntcr haunts your imagination, and didurhs vourrepofe. 
 ->ow, to be plain with you, I called {\\vm Diljhitcrs, becaufe 
 <hey do no: belong to any ena!)liflicd Church on the lace of 
 the earth, and, thougli they have lately been taken under 
 the vvMig of the Church of England, vet ihev cannot be heard 
 iM the Court of SefTion, till they are denuded of all their 
 eccleha/hcal titles. You will afterwards fee whether this 
 :;pp les to the PrcJbyUrinns of i^urnt John. As recufanfs to 
 t-onlorm to the legal eaablifliment of their country, thefe 
 Scottifli Epifcopalians did violate " duties incumbent on them 
 :is faithful fubjcas and good neighbours;" for between the 
 .teyohition, when the Stuarts were driven from the throne 
 nnd the death of Charles the Pretender, whom they ftvled 
 1 rmce they refufed to pray for the King and to tke'the 
 oath of allegiance to the Brunfwick familv. At length, how- 
 ever, they complied with the requifiti'on of oo4rnmenr, 
 t.ieir tender of loyalty was gracioufly received, and, in try ' 
 ihole penal laws which had been enaclcd againfl them at 
 various periods, were repeated. You complain of me for 
 liot telhng t\,Q zdiole truth, when I fay that thefe Epifcopa- 
 Jjans " are numerous in the North of Scotland." The fa6^ 
 when It comes to be expifcated, turns out to be, that I have 
 toiA more than the truth. It is true that Edinburgh and 
 Leith together make out fevcn congregations. IJut 'it is to 
 be confidered that thefe are not all Scotch Epi'fcopalians, fhat 
 the liri^lifh are by far the moft numerous, and that two or 
 three of ihaic Jcven do not amount to three hundred indivi- 
 dnals I beheve the Scotch and Englifh Epifcopalians i^^ 
 Lduiburgh and Leith have united lately, but tlunt is not the 
 't W,.^ " ^''''^^ of Scotland." It" is true that many of 
 the Nobihty and Gentry go to the Epifcopal Chapels in the 
 bcotttlh Metropolis, but manv who oomv- nnt nf tlmt rv«,_ 
 
 m union. 
 
 P * 
 
 
 Sl?''^ 
 
 If 
 
 -■ .."-r 
 
t 16 ) 
 
 iiiunion. Mr. Alifon, the celebrated EfTayift on Tajlc, the 
 pretty writer of Sermons, and the elej^ant pulpit Orator, \% 
 heard by many who bchnig to the Eltablifhed Church, and 
 Avas frequently liftened to with jjleafurc by myfelf, when at- 
 tendin;.^ the Univerfify of Edinburgh. In Glafgow, which 
 ranks third in Great Britain in point of population, (the lall 
 cenfus makino- its inhabitants amount to more than ojie hun- 
 dred thoiifand) there is only one Epifcopal Chapel, which 
 was built about fifty years ago, and was called " the whiillinfj 
 kirk." The whole of the country South of Edinburgh, pre- 
 fents us only witho//e ////a// congregation of Epifcoj)alians. 
 Beyond difpule, therefore, they are not numerous in the 
 South of Scotland, for in Edinburgh, Glafgow, Stirling, and 
 Kelfo, onhj, are they to be found, making in all ten congre- 
 gations. The queflion is, did I not fay too much for them 
 when I affirmed that they are numerous in the A'ortli of 
 Scotland ? The fafl is, that there are noi fifty congregations 
 in all thenorthen diftri6ls, and many of thele not amounting 
 to fifty individuals. So that in the whole kingdom of North 
 Britain, by hook and by crook, by flneds and patches, you 
 %ont make more \\\:M\Jixty congregations, and of thefe toi. 
 lOvAy are in the Soidh of Scotland. Such is the expofe which 
 has been extorted by your antipathy to the name of Dif- 
 fenter, and your jealoufy of the Kirk as by Law EJiahliJhsd 
 In Scotland. " Becaufe half'a dozen grafhoppers under a 
 fern in the field, ring with their importunate chink, while 
 thoufands of great cattle chew the cud and are (ilent— -pray 
 do iiot imagine that thofe that make the noife are the oyly 
 inhabitants of the field." 
 
 But you or fome of your friends are jealous of a " cejtain 
 3ead" which I have been taking, of "an infiuence to which 
 J have afpired," and of " an inteifcrence with the rights of 
 others" which I have " pra61ifcd." . To each of thefe charges 
 I plead " Not Guilty." I am not confcious of ever having 
 taken the lead from one room to another in pretence of a 
 Kew-Brunfwick Re<Stor, of having taken the lead in a fingle 
 iune m the organ gallery, or of having taken any other lead 
 
 'U.t-it- 
 
 but in difmi 
 
 of refpe6l t( 
 
 from a text 
 
 Sabbath. I 
 
 infiuence, c 
 
 the Commii 
 
 in the prin 
 
 with a requ 
 
 tion, whichj 
 
 it has yet b( 
 
 being preft 
 
 Cframmai' . 
 
 Tru flees. 1 
 
 ference inc( 
 
 recognifed 
 
 infilling all 
 
 the Scotch 
 
 fome infian( 
 
 to be given 
 
 and mv hav 
 
 on a Liccnf( 
 
 the lienor ( 
 
 of his own 
 
 tionable. 
 
 which, not I 
 
 underftand 
 
 delicacy to 
 
 with a facre( 
 
 public view. 
 
 that the pre 
 
 give validit; 
 
 Clergy have 
 
 what is exte 
 
 or as it is g 
 
 is to be paid 
 
 kind, we mu 
 
 Bifhops- of 
 
^qPc the 
 )rator, \^ 
 irch, and 
 when at- 
 w, which 
 , (the la a 
 I one hiiri- 
 cl, which 
 whiilling 
 rgh, pre- 
 :oj)alians. 
 IS in the 
 ling, and 
 1 congre- 
 Tor them 
 JS'orth of 
 regntions 
 noiintirig 
 of North 
 :;hes, you 
 thefe Um. 
 )fe which 
 J of Dif- 
 'ftahli/ked 
 under a 
 Ilk, while 
 nt — pray 
 the o^Iy 
 
 " cejtain 
 to which 
 rights of 
 e charges 
 r having 
 ince of a 
 I a fingle 
 other lead 
 
 w. 
 
 ( 17 ) 
 
 bnt in difmifTnig the ill-fated Hymns, and in paying a tribute 
 of refpefl to the memory of the Princcfs Charlotte of Wales, 
 from a text which was more ably handled on the following 
 Sabbath. I am not confcious of having afpired to an undue 
 influence, except in permitting myfelf to be named one of 
 the Committee of a National School for inftru6)ing the youth 
 in the principles of the Church of England, in complying 
 with a requell to become a Dire6lor of the Vaccine Infliiu- 
 tion, which. Without fuch influence being exerted more than 
 it has yet been, mult be conligned to a decent grave, and in 
 being prefent at the examination of a Candidate for the 
 Grammar School, at the requelt of the Board of 
 Truftees. I am not confcious of having " pra6lil'ed an intj^r- 
 ference inconfiflent, in any relpe61, with the eflablifhed aiid 
 recognifed right of others," unlets yon Jo interpret my not 
 infiltjng all at once on the introdufiion into this Colony of 
 the Scotch Law regarding Marriage, my being fatisfied, in 
 forne inftances, with the fecurity which the Province requires 
 to be given by all parlies wifhing to contra6^ in Marriage, 
 and my having declared my willingnefs to celebrate nuptials 
 on a Licenfe being produced, at the exprefs folicitation of 
 the lienor of Saint John, whole right to employ a deputy 
 of his own choofing, I did not then know to be fairly ques* 
 tionable. In this way v/as my interference " refilled," 
 which, not being the ui'ual form ofrejijlance, I did not rightly 
 underfland till explained by fubfequent events, which 
 delicacy to the feelings of a certaia individual invefted 
 with a facred chara6ler, prevents me from difclofing to the 
 public view. It appears perfeftly evident from all antiquity 
 that the prefence of the Bijhop was invariably required to 
 give validity to Marriage, and of courfe that the inferioi* 
 Clergy have no authority to perform that ceremony except 
 what is extended to them by the authority of Bifhops alone, 
 or as it is cjiven to Juftices of the Quorum. If any regard 
 is to be pai*to the Hiftory of the Church in a cafe of this 
 kind, wc mufl conclude that the Highejl Prefbyters, that is, 
 Biihops of the Epifcopalian Church, and the Paftors or 
 I* ♦•»♦«, isiiig rimcrg oi tne sr r ej oy itr irti ,■ di^ xvi^iwcz-^wox^ oi ine 
 ' '- u C Apoflles, 
 
 
 ifti 
 
 
 m 
 
( 1« ) 
 
 Apoftles, have alone an unalienable ii;;ht to perform thr 
 marriage ceremony. Particular countries or provinces may 
 cnaa Laws as they plcalc to give lacilitv to fuch conneaions 
 for life, and may exclude the Clergy of all ih-fcriptiom from 
 having any thmg to do in a matter which is purclv a chil 
 III coritrafi, but viewing the matter in reference to the Church 
 
 Kt-aors or inP rior Clergy are exactly on ihe fame footin<^ 
 with MagiUrates or Juftices of the Quorum. As by an Acl 
 of our Provincial Lcgiflature I am not denuded of the llighl: 
 which has defcended to the highefl order of Preibyters from 
 the Apoftolic age, and which, as the Cicrgvman of a Britijh 
 Church, naturally accompanies mc to a Uritijh Colony. I 
 fhall continue to exeicife that fun^ion according to the 
 Forms and IJ Cages of the National Church to which f belong. 
 The qucftion only is. Who are the perfons whom I am autho- 
 rifed to unite in Marriage } According to the Provincial 
 Y^s--ihoj(i ivho are of the Conirnmnon of the Chufch of Sect- 
 land. \o\\ will obferve it does not fay, " perfons of that 
 communion w//i^," as in the cafe of the Roman Catholics, 
 or " in caie both parties to fuch marriage are Quakers,'' 
 as in the claufe relating to that religious fed ; hwiperfniu 
 ^' of that Comnniiuon. Now, Who are of that Communion > 
 Unquenionnbly all who are of the Church of Scotland, and 
 all I rfjhijterians ys\\\{\x\ this Province, though they never 
 heard of the Church of Scotland. But icho are of the Church 
 of Scotlahd } and k;7;o are Prelbvterians ? Not thofe only 
 who were baptized byPrefbyterian Minitlers, for many could 
 nqt poffibly be fo baptized in fuch a country as this. Not 
 thole only who communicate in ♦he Prefbyterian Church, 
 ior many Prelbyterians are in the wiy of communicating c7//zj 
 xdiere, or no inhere, as to themlelves appears mod expedient. 
 Not thofe only who attend the Prcfbi/terian Church, for 
 lome Prefbyterians belong to the Methodift congre, nation, 
 and ibme Epifcopalims attend the Prefbyterian Church! 
 Not thofe only who have been decidedly, avowedly, and 
 notorioufly attached to the Prefbyterian fcheme, for the 
 confnencesof men cannot be controuled, and they may in- 
 , ftantly, and for a fpccial purpofe, declare a change of their 
 
 reh'giotts 
 
 religious pi 
 
 advife me 
 
 your fage i 
 
 lie only b( 
 
 ment. Yc 
 
 marry than 
 
 nieim to tn. 
 
 an intcreft 
 
 " Do you 
 
 point of oru 
 
 lay. You \ 
 
 morning— 
 
 as the cong 
 
 chonfe, and 
 
 The very c 
 
 my rules. 
 
 Forms and 
 
 Church, m 
 
 the Prefb> 
 
 erts, no in 
 
 either a Li 
 
 three fucc 
 
 Licenfe, b 
 
 thrice on i 
 
 fuperiorit^ 
 
 Ybu are q 
 
 of Saint J< 
 
 fcience," 
 
 But you 
 gave to m 
 connetled 
 divifion ol 
 counted w 
 their fathe 
 triumphed 
 every feeli 
 worfliippe 
 
C 1'^ ) 
 
 errorin the 
 vinces may 
 onnc61ions 
 ')tionii from 
 rciv a chil 
 he Church, 
 rrie I'ootin'' 
 i by an Act 
 f the lliglit 
 1} tcrs from 
 3fa liritijh 
 Colony, I 
 ng to the 
 1 1 belon;:. 
 am autho- 
 Provincial 
 c/i of Scct- 
 ns of ihat 
 Catholics, 
 Quakers/' 
 )iit perjhns 
 (imunion ? 
 tlaiidj and 
 hey never 
 lie Churci) 
 hofe only 
 sany could 
 his. Not 
 1 Churchy 
 eating iw^ 
 'xpedient. 
 lurch, for 
 jregation, 
 I Church, 
 edly, and 
 , for the 
 )' may in- 
 e of their 
 religious 
 
 religious principles, fn thefc circumllanccs what would you 
 advffe me to do - I tliink I may hazard a conjeiilure that 
 your fage advice would be, '•' Send them all to thr licBor. 
 lie onlv belongs to the legitimate form of Church Govern- 
 ment. You arc jr.fl a Lnijnuni, and have no more right to 
 marry than a Methodilt !" K" fuch is your couniel, 1 do not 
 mean to take it ; but to thofe who apply for my aid on fuch 
 an intcrefting occafion, I may put the following query, 
 " Do you admit i\\c Ukniity ofBifhopsand Prefbytcrs in 
 point of order ?" If they anfwer, Yes! then of courle I fliall 
 fay. You know my rules. Give me your names on Sunday 
 mornin<^ — the Precentor fliall read them thrive from the defk 
 as the congregation aflTemblcs— andyou mav be married if//o« 
 choofe, and if no obje61ion occurs, as foon as fervice is over. 
 The very circumllancc of their being willing co comply with 
 my rules, and of their defire to be married according to the 
 Forms and Ufages prefcribed in the Standards of theScottilh 
 Church, makes them, in as far as Marriage is concerned, of 
 the Prefbvterian communion. Here is no jarring of inter- 
 eils, no interference of rights. The Englifli Church requires 
 either a Licenfe or Publication of Banns by the Re6lor, for 
 three fucceflive Sundays; the Scotch Church requires no 
 Licenfe, but admits of Publication otCanns by the Frecenfnr 
 thrice on one Sunday, before fervice hegins. Where is the 
 fuperiority of privileges ? W here is the caufe of jcaloufy ? 
 Ybu are quite corre6l when you fay, that " the Prefl,7terians 
 of Saint John have encouragement as well as liberty of con- 
 fcience," '-'" 
 
 But your jealoufy is awakened by the admonitions which I 
 gave to my people to " feel their importance and fafely as 
 conneaed with the ecclefiaftical confiitution of one great 
 divifion of the United Kingdom," " to rejoice that they are 
 counted worthy to fuffer ftiame for that profclUon which 
 their fathers maintained while they lived, and in which they 
 triumphed when they died," and to " banifli from their minds 
 every feeling of difafte6\ion towards other iorms and other 
 worfliippers." Men of ordinary candour would have fup- 
 
 pofed 
 
 X'i 
 
 I 
 
( 20' ) 
 
 ^. ' ,,t I wns anxious tb inform the people uho luul l>ccu 
 ll^hed to J rcihytrrMf» principles in counfncs where " (he 
 .rnhn.!! f"*^! ^ "'' e««»'li'hc..l. that they are now under the 
 
 Rr . ^h ^K r\ '"T^^"'-^'^^' ^^'"^ ^'^^ conllitution of a 
 Kru.rh (,hii,xh. that fhcy arc ns m.u h inulcr the ecckjinllivw 
 ^ivernment o{ u. . great divifton ol the United Kingdom, as 
 tHev are i.nder the mv7 government of ,hc whole Jiririn' 
 
 i' •/.v-'''? ..'/ ^^^>' ""''^ '^"^ ^l^*' n,iniflrarions not of 
 - y. ///^„//;;^ leachn," bnt of a legally ordaineii Cler-n- 
 
 rt^anofaNat.on:,! Church, to whole law. ho is amenable 
 ami to who e pnnnple. he has fworn allc.ianco; that, as in 
 all ages a deadrd and open profoflion of religion ha, been 
 the objea of reproach, lo the intrcKlu^io,, of an old form 
 imo a new country n),;;ht oxpole it« adherents to the Jarcaf.u 
 of hcap.no up teac hers and having itching ears, • and. in 
 ^vvord, that ... mofi men have a tendency fo view othl" 
 r?K?.'"^"!'^"''^'"^''"^^ than .hole which are emwined 
 ^^•.th.he.•earhef^ imprenions, as bordering on impie l^a 
 cauhon was necenhry at the outfet, lefl prejudices/ jeaouies 
 ^nd annnofit.es, fhould dilcover their baneful indl.ence on 
 the peace and goofl order of Society. Vou, however can 
 «/'count for fuch admonitfons onl^ on the principle tha" 
 omc circumflanccs had occurred to call ihemVorth/and la 
 thefe cnxumflance, had their ongjn in certain imp^o^l-t e 
 and aggreffions on my part. The cafe of Calcmta\'hich 
 >ou inirodnce w,th a very diflferent view, will be found in 
 ahnoft every minute particulm-, to be a piaure of what ha" 
 
 6f L f. ;:^ under another head., I refer for an explanatio 
 of he feeretreafons which led to the exhortations regarded 
 by you with fo much jealoufy and fufpicion. ' 
 
 I perceive the workings of jealoufy in the very irinutenefs 
 of your verbal crhir ifms. With an ea,Me eye you aiS fi 
 detea.ngthefmallelUlelinquency, and, in^onl "a'w' . 
 lypograpnical error, of the nioft trivial kind, is picked out 
 
 Putd"fc?'"'""P"'°"j''^^ You mull have'been hard 
 iiulJied for argument indeed wlren you condefcended to fuch 
 
 niceties 
 
 piceties ir 
 or two oil 
 mijfelfek 
 for more 
 certain im 
 particular! 
 command] 
 Iher " be; 
 ninth com 
 enough to 
 if you ipp 
 unworthy 
 
 * ' makii 
 
 i« necefiTar) 
 
 *vhich you 
 
 of the mild 
 
 the Ciergvi 
 
 manners of 
 
 the equivoi 
 
 fiable pei-v< 
 
 of they/Vy?, 
 
 the poor d< 
 
 in intellea 
 
 hecdlcls wa 
 
 the regions 
 
 be raifed a 
 
 given rife t 
 
 got Iwingii 
 
 " a wolf \t 
 
 following ££?, 
 
 jndifcrimina 
 
 in the fpirit 
 
 f'aritablcne 
 
 I nave the ci 
 
 thus by a wi 
 
 fentences, el 
 
 of" indifcri 
 
luul hccu 
 lere " (he 
 under the 
 rioti of a 
 lejia/liui/ 
 )«clorn, as 
 If Britiaj 
 IS not of 
 1 Cler;;y- 
 incnablc, 
 i)af, as in 
 has been 
 old fonn 
 jjaicafni 
 
 and. in 
 -w ofher 
 ntwinfd 
 'ty, I'o a 
 aloiifies, 
 PDce on 
 ^er, can 
 >lc, that 
 and that 
 Jprit'ties 
 a whifih 
 >und, in 
 vhat has 
 fe, as \\ 
 anation 
 egarded 
 
 ufonefs 
 nicd it 
 
 icd out 
 m hard 
 to fuch 
 liceties 
 
 ( «1 ) 
 
 nicct.es m philology. \ wonder how u happened that one 
 or two other blunders equally monfl, ,ns, vvh.ch appear to 
 ntyjelj efcaped your oblervation. Were i eqnallv at a lofs 
 lor more important matter. I would :-t myldl ,.: point out 
 j:erta,n nnproprictic.s of lanonarrc in vour performance, and 
 particularly would recommend to vour rcprf^tfal the fen 
 commaiidments that you might knoW in time tocome whe- 
 ther bcar.t^g falje witnefs" is forbidden in the eighth or 
 wntfi commandment. But my opponent is not formidable 
 enough to Mv.iken one emotion ofjealoufv. and i hope that 
 you .,,>pear ag.m on the field, you will view f,:e as equally 
 unwortny of grammatical challifement. 
 
 i- .LTf?^'"!^"""^ '"^r^V '^"'■S^ ''^-^'"^ y^"' "»'« "lo'c 
 «. neeeOary than to cull a few of thofe flowers of rhetoric by 
 
 Which you no doubt, meant to fliew how much you poffe/i 
 of the m.Id and gentle fpirit of the Chriftian, the diglifty of 
 the Clergyman, the i.beralitv of the Scholar, and the reiined 
 manners of the Gentleman. 1 need not call to remembramt 
 the equivoque conveyed in your firft motto, by an unjufti- 
 fiable pen-einon of iacred l.^oguage. The fecoud is worthv 
 or \hejnf and no doubt conveys the imprefljon, that I and 
 n iZl[ i"^i'^ Preftyterians of Saint John, aic involved 
 n imelleaua, moral, and fpiritual darknefs, groping our 
 
 ho re "^'^ 7u '"''''"^'^^ "^'"^"''^^-^ ^"^ flound^ering Sn to ' 
 the regions of honor and defpair. I think an aaion might 
 
 Chen H?. ^S^'nftjou for Defamation. Lefs than this, has 
 givei^ rife to fimilar anions, and I know a Clergyman who 
 
 '" i"oKV""^7 f ' '^"«^ ^- -"'"g ''- «-P'' 
 
 fJZ- 7,^*"'^ s clothing." P. 29 prefents us with he 
 
 [' r^ ^Z^'^^^^r^^^ " This no one will ever do bv 
 
 nddci.minate charges ofilliberality and bigotry, preferred 
 
 ar^L^r''/"^ '"?f ^-^' ^"^ ^'^'^ *he prefumption of un- 
 
 I navL n^f ' -'"^^ '\' ^lifingenuity of mifreprefentation." 
 
 hrL r'^ *?.t^P^' *^^* y°» ^^'^ ^<^n'p'^^l fo write 
 
 ■en tencc. Tf '" f/'^'^'^ ^^!"' ^'" '" ^^e art of condruaing 
 
 of ' nH?r ^fr'^'^"-"!^ > ^" d« "«t condefcend on one inftancS 
 
 01 indifcriminate charges preferred in the fpirit of animo- 
 
 , fity." 
 
 « ■ 
 ' si 
 
( 
 
 
 
 fify," or one fpccimen of " the prefiimption of uncliarl table- 
 ncfs-, and the ditingenuitv of niifrcprcfentation." I nlwavs 
 rndeavour to fubaantiafe the charges ^vh•K•h I prefer ; and I 
 never think of turning a period ai all, unlcfs I can do it to 
 iomezootl viirpofe. You call me the " Dillenting Prell)ytc- 
 ria'i feacher ofSaint John." That I live and tt-ach in Saint 
 John, 1 do not denv ; nor have 1 any particu.lar objcaion to 
 the name of Diffentcr, fmcc it puts me on a footing with the 
 Archbidiop of Canterbury when he vilits Scotland, and aflo- 
 riates me with a Baxter, a Ho.ve, an Owen, a Williams, ^i 
 Wale, a Henry, an Evans, a Gale, a Fofter, a Leland, a Oro.- 
 vcnor, a Watts; a Lardner, an Abernethy, a Doddridge, a 
 Grr.vc, a Chandler, a Gill, an Orton, a Furncaux, alaimci% 
 a Robinfon, a Price, a Kippis, and a Prieftley Biif I object 
 fo the honorable deiignation, becaufe you apply if m the 
 ipirit of animofitv, and becaufe it is wOiolly unmerited on 
 •iiw part. The feeling of contempt— the ziuJJi to (^egrade-- 
 the caJwnrmns afperity-the inafus animm which ditlatect 
 the application of the epithet, you are quite unable to con- 
 ceal But the truth is, I have no claim to Inch an appellation. 
 1 never hehniied to the Church of England, and, therefore, 
 never dillbnted from it. Had I been born and educated in 
 Eivdand, or Ireland, where that hierarchy is iupreme very 
 T)robabIy I would at this moment have had a place (no doubt 
 a verv humble one ) amongft its various grades. But, being 
 trained in a country which has its fcheme of lacred govern- 
 ment framed after another model, not lefs pure a"^ fcnptural, 
 ■M^,\ being anxious to have the llielter of a chartered eftablifli- 
 nient in performing thofeduties^vhichcanbemoft faithfully 
 difcharged bv an wdejmuknt Clergy, the whole of the direjul 
 ronfequence is, that I am now a Clergyman of the Church of 
 Scotlamb and not of the Church of England, 1 hat the 
 3-pifcopacy of England is ellablilhed in this Province, I do 
 \L diipuie; no; am 1 ignorant of the Law which attoixls 
 liberty of confcience to al! who ./#/// from that Church , 
 but I have vet to learn what the Provincial enaflments lay 
 vilh reoaid to ihofc who are oUwother Bntilh ellabhflimen . 
 and who never hud il n\ their poiccr tu ii'jijcut i.^^.. .-^^ - -^- 
 
 of Engia 
 the Atlar 
 got into 
 a Provin 
 under thi 
 meut tha 
 this Co!( 
 were bor 
 as good 1 
 tion, to 
 other reti 
 Colony f 
 You ob\ 
 you fpea 
 the Chui 
 ■will be fi 
 place in 
 concernc 
 was four 
 Colonies 
 and pro[ 
 State be) 
 members 
 part of tl 
 bliflinrien 
 that whe: 
 a reprefe 
 countena 
 giHature 
 their aftv 
 Houfe o: 
 fiances w 
 in the Ki 
 Prefbvfei 
 after the 
 principle 
 ufually f( 
 Houfe ir 
 
fe 
 
 larilable- 
 
 I ahvavs 
 SY ; and I 
 vdo it to 
 Piell)\ te- 
 ll in Saint 
 jc6lion to 
 r with the 
 
 ond aflb- 
 'illiams. a 
 d, a Gvof- 
 IdridgCj a 
 a Farmer, 
 ;1 I oltjet^ 
 f it in the 
 leritcd on 
 degrade — - 
 :h di61ated 
 ble to con- 
 ppellation. 
 
 therefore, 
 diicated in 
 reme, very 
 
 (no donbt 
 But, being 
 edgovern- 
 1 fcriptural, 
 d eftablifli- 
 [l faithfully 
 ■ the direful 
 i Church of 
 That the 
 vince, I do 
 bich affords 
 at Church ; 
 :hncnts fay 
 ablifhment, 
 the Church 
 of 
 
 ( 23 ) 
 
 I'li England, You are not to fuppofc that when you croiTed 
 the Atlantic you got into the heart o( England. — No, You 
 got into Bnlijh Colonics, and have now fixed your abode ia 
 a Province which is as much Scotch as it is EngliJ/i, equally 
 under the government of both. Do you imagine for a mo- 
 ment that the A61 which eftabliflied Englifh Epifcopacy in 
 this Colony ut the fame time, ipfo Jaclo, declared all who 
 were born in another divifion of the Britifli Empire, and who^ 
 as good fubjcfcls, had conformed to its ecclefialtical confHtu- 
 tion, to he DU/euiers irom tJie Church of Enghind, for no 
 other reafon than this, that they had emigrated to a Britifli 
 Colony for the interefts of that Colony as well as their own ? 
 You obvioufly proceed on this gratuitous aflumption when 
 you Ipeak of ''' ihcj^paration which has here taken place from 
 the Church of England, as caufelefs and Ichifmatical." You 
 will be furpvifed \^|ijgn I tell you, that no fepandion has taken 
 place in fo far as the members of the Church of Scotland are 
 concerned. A religious eftablifliment of one kind or another 
 was found abfolutely neceffary when the population of the 
 Colonies increafed to a confiderable extent — it was natural 
 and proper that a branch of the ef^ablifhment to ivhich the 
 State belongs fliould be maintained — and accordingly the 
 members of the Scotch Church (not the moft infignificant 
 part of the community) gave as much fupport to that efta- 
 bliflinient as its warmefl friends, with the fuUefi: confidence 
 that when theij fhould have flrength fuflicient to maintain a 
 a reprefentation of their own National Eflablifhment, fimilar 
 countenance and fupport would be aflforded them by iheLe- 
 giflature and the community at large. And what is now 
 their actual ftate ? Is the Pre/byterian Di/fcnting Meetings 
 Houfe of Saint John and its Teacher, in the fame circum- 
 fianccs with amj Meetmg-Houfe, or any DiJJhiting Teacher^ 
 in the Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ? Or do the 
 Prefby terians of this place " worlhip the God of their fathers 
 after the way which ^ow call herefy" on any one of thofe 
 principles on which diffent from the Church of England is 
 ufually founded ? Can you mention a DifTenting Meeting- 
 Houfe in England erected by donations from the Treafury 
 
 funds ? 
 
 fl 
 
 d: 
 
 n 
 
 IF 
 
( 
 
 ) 
 
 funds ? or Having its veftry incorporated by Roval Charter ? 
 
 Can yrfii ^Dtcx^yzDiffenting Teacher in England who receives 
 
 an annual falary from Government? or who is allowed to 
 
 perform the ceremony of Marriage equally with the Clergy 
 
 of the Eftabliflied Church ? Are you not aware that an Aft 
 
 of the Britifh Conftitution prohibits Diffenting Meetino-^ 
 
 Houfes frdm having either fpires or bells ? But the Prejbij' 
 
 terian Meeting- Hoiife o^ Saint John has got a fpire— by the 
 
 firft veflel fromi London it will receive a dell—and as you are 
 
 gifted with an excellent rarand great Ikill in the fcience of 
 
 acouflicks, you fliall be charmed with the mclodv of its found 
 
 when you revifit Saint John. Thus " the Prefbvterians of 
 
 Samt John/' as you well exprefs it, " have encouragement 
 
 as well as liberty of confcience." 
 
 But I and the Prefbyterians of Saint John' are not the only 
 objefts of your calumny and detraBion. The Scotfifli Re- 
 formers, and the Church which they were the inftruments of 
 reforn\ing, are alike the objeas of your fcorn, I am glaxi 
 you tread fo lightly on the afhes of John Knox, efpecially as 
 he is faid to have been fo deftitute of tafte for niufic, as to 
 have called the organ " the devil's bag-pipes," and was cer- 
 tainly fo wanting in complaifance to the fair fex, as to found 
 ^ firfl and a fecond " blaft of the trumpet again ft the mon- 
 ftrous regiment of women." You make him a greater m^n 
 than I did, for you affure us, on the faith of hiftory, that he 
 was fo fuperior to the love of '^filthy lucre" that he refufed 
 a Bifhoprick, and was " paflTmg rich on forty pounds a. year," 
 a.nd was iofarfeen into futurity as to have emitted thisprophe- 
 cy of which that falary was the fulfilment, — " How oft have I 
 faid to you, that the time would not be long that England 
 would give me bread !" But "*the father of Prefbytcry iu 
 his country" was a flurdy Epifcopalian ! I am glad you 
 applaud his views on the fubje6t of Church government, and 
 that you have good grounds for aflferting that he was in 
 Prieji's orders, as his right to be called a miniver was much 
 quetlioned, and Dr. Copk, in hisHiftorv of the Reformation, 
 
 finds if TTPrpflnirv *n fair «f h 
 
 - — i-r»i. 
 
 monial 
 
I Charter ? 
 lo receives 
 i] lowed to 
 he Clergy 
 bat an Ad: 
 Meeting- 
 le Pre/bi/" 
 e — by the 
 IS you are 
 fcience of 
 ^its found 
 terians of 
 iragemefit 
 
 : the only 
 ottifh Re~ 
 Liments of 
 
 am glatl 
 )ecially as 
 ificj as to 
 1 was cer- 
 
 to found 
 the mon- 
 Jater m^n 
 f, that he 
 e refufed 
 ? a year/' 
 sprophe- 
 )ft have I 
 
 England 
 bytery in 
 glad you 
 lent, and 
 le was in 
 vas much 
 rmatlon. 
 
 monial 
 
 i: 
 
 :io 
 
 ) 
 
 monial part of Religion a value which does not belong to it, 
 who can have any icruple in recognizing Knox as a minifter 
 of Chrilt." So our great Reformer faves his credit with you 
 by declaring his love for epifcopacy. What a pity that An- 
 drew Melvil and his aflbciates had not been bleffed with a 
 portion of Knox's prophetic fpirit, that they might have 
 known what would gratify your tafle ! Erlkine of Dun 
 feems to have had a fprink/ing of it, but we fhall fee under 
 the head of Errors and Fallacies, how fpeedily it evaporated 
 or was abforbed ! You hint at the ignoble " origin" of my 
 Church, and, no doubt, in conneflion with that, you fpeak 
 of '•' turbulent, ditloval, bigotted fanatics, whofe glory it was 
 to rail at their fuperiors in Church and State, and who, while 
 they taught the people to bow down the head as a bulrufh, 
 did them felves, with no little grimace, alFcfl to walk mourn- 
 fully before the Lord." You produce no examples, and of 
 ccurfe there is no argument. The " wrath of man" was ne- 
 c< ; luy to operate the mighty revolution, and had not this 
 been the cafe, it never would have been made to " work the 
 righteoufnefs of God." At all events, charaRer is of greater 
 confequence than birth, and if the Church which was reformed 
 by fuch agents has raifed herfalf above the ignominy of her 
 " origin," flie isdefervedly an object of thehigheft commen- 
 dation. tf*-meannefs of ancedry, and obfcurity of birth, are 
 to aile61 eithefof the Churches which arofe from the aflies oi" 
 the Romifti hierarchy, what is to be thought of" the dear 
 intereits" of epifcopacy ? It was no uncommon thing at one 
 period to fee a public iiifirument thus certified, " I being 
 a Notary Public do certify, that my Lord the BiJIiop not 
 being able to read, this is his mark Xl \\ In Walter Scott's 
 Mannion, Douglas fays, in Canto nth. 
 
 Thanks to Saint Bothan, fon of mine. 
 Save Gawain, ne'er could pen a line ; 
 So fwore I, and I fwear it ftill. 
 Let my Boy-Bifhop fret his fill ! ! 
 So much for eccletiaftical pedigree. Everyone whoknowsany 
 thingofScoiland, is aware that it has always been diftinguifhed 
 h\ Aremiblican fpirit.and that at theoeriod of the Reformation, 
 , ' D "^ that 
 
 •r 
 
 h 
 
 iia', 
 
 
 n' 
 
 'i'SFrj 
 
( ^6 ) 
 
 that fpirit clifcovered its native tendency in fiinuilaling tlid 
 J^rcat mals of the people to break loofe from thofe iron fet- 
 ters which IkhI been ijnj)oi'cd by Papal ufurpation. In proof 
 ol their horror of popery, as vvei! as of the perfecufino- fpirit 
 of your epifcopalian ancedors, the following anecdote has 
 been recorded. " Two poor women condemned to die for 
 their religion were fatlened down to a ftake in a river when 
 the tiile was at its loweft ebb ; the waves then oradually re- 
 turned to fufibcate their cries againd this new fpccies of the 
 inhumanity of their perfccutors. They gravely determined 
 (it iafaid) on this mode of capital punifhnient, becaufc 
 liirmvg cl the JfqJcc was adopted by the Papifts; for they 
 abhorred the mofl diftant approach towards the pra61ices of 
 Popery ! " It thus appears, that whatever reproaches you call 
 on the Church of Scotland in refpc61 of her origin, atrecl the 
 rchole chaniRer of the nation to which vou belong — that the 
 deeped ignorance, and the blacked jicrfecution mark the 
 hidory of your epifcopalian ancedors — and that fuch views 
 of pad hidory as truth compels us to take, ought not to in- 
 fluence our ientimentii as to the aftual Conditution of the 
 prefent Church, and as to the exiding date of the epifcopa- 
 lian generation. On fimilar principles I ^vas led to fpcak 
 wiih referve of the Covenanters, whom you calumniate as 
 " dii'playing obdinacy in evil, and Satanic enertry of charac- 
 ter," for no other reafon than becaufe they did not cheer- 
 fully welcome agony and death from the hands of the 
 epifcopalian party. Yoiir fcntiments on this fubjecl do not 
 in the lead furprifc me, dnce Hume chara6lerifes the zeal of 
 martyrdom as " incurable obdinacy ;" but you might have 
 expreded yourfelf much more concifely and emphatically, 
 had you fimply termed them demons incarnate. 
 
 You traduce the Kiric becaufe it has no organ, no Jitiir^y, 
 and no fejlivals. You are carefully to obferve that not one of 
 thde fk/efts nece/fan'/i/ attaches to Prefbytery, and that the 
 very want of liturgy and fedivals was mentioned by me as a 
 flriking difierence between the Church of Scotland and its 
 reputed model the Church of Geneva. you talk oi' the 
 
 introdu^lion 
 
 
 infrodu61 
 as to be ' 
 fons of tl 
 <' the Kirl 
 provincia 
 fcandalou 
 fcruples 
 feeble voi 
 fwells; n 
 harfli and 
 dant with 
 the fame 
 fea (if 
 a})proach 
 pleating i 
 wordiip, 
 living thr 
 themfelvt 
 drument? 
 
 The wa 
 as fuch at 
 fooner qi 
 are ; for 
 prayers a 
 produce c 
 of his ow 
 heard tha 
 of a mill f 
 nical impi 
 double a 
 reading f( 
 the fepar; 
 with conf 
 fuch an ir 
 the cafe c 
 utter ihc 
 vour DOW 
 
27 ) 
 
 ting tlid 
 iron fcr- 
 In proof 
 ingfpirit 
 dote has 
 3 die for 
 er when 
 iially re- 
 csof the 
 erminecl 
 
 becaufe 
 for they 
 Alices oF 
 you call 
 lirea the 
 -that the 
 lark the 
 :h views 
 )t to in- 
 >n of the 
 pilcopa- 
 o fpcak 
 iniate as 
 
 charac- 
 it checi- 
 
 of the 
 t tlo not 
 2 zeal of 
 jht have 
 latically. 
 
 ot one of 
 that the 
 me as a 
 I and its 
 : of the 
 )du6lion 
 
 introduflion of an organ into the Scots Church at Calcutta 
 as to be " related with incxprcfllbic fcandal to all the true 
 fens of the Kirk." You, as a ftranger to the principles of 
 <' the Kirk," and as poil'oncd agalnd it by the prejudices of a 
 provincial education, may contemplate fuch an event as 
 fcandalous. But 1, as a true fon of " the Kirk/' have no 
 fcruples of confcience to prevent me from mingling my 
 feeble voice with the anthems of praife which even an organ 
 fwclls; nor am I aware of o^e principle belonging to that 
 harfli and grating body " 21ie Kirk," which founds difcor- 
 dant with the mellow tones of that heavenly inflrument. At 
 the fame time, as inftruraents of mufic arc more or lefs per- 
 ic^ (if peife^lion admits of degrees) the nearer they 
 aj)proach to the human voice, i^nd as nothing can be more 
 pleating in itfelf, or more accordant with thedefign of fecial 
 worfliip, than the full and harmonious concert of a whole 
 living throng, fo " the fons of the Kirk" generally content 
 themfelves with the human voice, aided occafionally by in- 
 llrumental mufic to the extent of a pitch-pipe. 
 
 The want of a liturgy is much to be deplored, efpecially 
 as fuch an article would render " the fons of the Kirk" much 
 fooner qualified to be " Diflenting Teachers" than they now 
 are ; for you are well aware that many a man may read the 
 prayers and fermons compofed by another, who could not 
 produce one line of good grammar and good fcnfe by means 
 of his own intelle6lual capabilities. I dare fay you have 
 heard that the world was amufed long ago, with the projecl: 
 of a mill for making verfes, and perhaps in this age of mecha- 
 nical improvement, a machine might be confirufted with the 
 double capacity which is requifite for faying p'-ayers and 
 reading fermons. To be ferious. Dr. Paley lias balanced 
 the feparate advantages of written and extempore prayer, 
 with confiderable judgment. In this place I cannot enter on 
 fuch an important difcufiTion. I may only cbieive that in 
 the cafe of the extemj)ore efiufion you are more likely to 
 litter the vera voce nb imo peclore, and you have it alio in 
 vour power to notice minute but firiking incidents as thty 
 
 occur 
 
 I' 
 
 V 
 
 m 
 
 to! 
 
( ^8 ) 
 
 occur vvitlioiit waiting on an expvefs order froin tiip IJiflio];, 
 till they are forgotten or have loll their interefh I know 
 not what precife objefiions Knox had to the liturgy now 
 iiled in the Engli/h Church. Perhaps its Popifh defc-ent was 
 iinfavouraljle to its reception in the leformcd Chinch of 
 Scotland, for it is not longdnce a Clergyman in your native 
 country was pennittcd to ufe even that Imall rag of popery a 
 6/ack go:fn. But when you fay that vour " common fupj)li- 
 cations" " are as fupcrior to the extemporary cflufions of 
 prcfl^yterian decjaimers as the glorious light of the fun in his 
 meridian brightnefs, is to the unfleady glimmciing of a 
 taper," you ufe a ligure which is employed by every bov in 
 the. logic clafs, and which docs not illinftninle the fubjcci in 
 queftion. Had you been fpeakiiig of that daz/ling object. 
 The Church, and that glow worm of a thing " the Khk," your 
 romparifon v/ould- have been more brilliant, though not lefs 
 liacknied. But, taking the metaphor as you have given it, 
 you furely did not intend that it fijould charaflerife " the 
 extempore efliifions" of fuch " prefl)yterian dcclaimers" as 
 a Blair, a Robcrtfon, or a Campbell. If you had termed 
 thofe whom you call " declaimei-s" illiterate blockheads, there 
 would have been fome truth and fome force in your repre- 
 fcntation. But as applied to the Clcrgyof^oz/rortyz National 
 Church, who are (to fay the lead of them) as liberally edu- 
 cated, as well informed, as judicious in fentiment, and as 
 correal in deportment, as any body of men on the furface of 
 the globe, it is a grofs calumny, it is an inllance of ihcblackeft 
 and moil vvanton detrailion. 
 
 You charge the National Efiablifhment of your country 
 ■with ingratitude for the bleffings of redemption, when you 
 exhibit it in contrail with Continental Prefljyterianifm which 
 " did not reje^ feftivals in commemoration of the things 
 clone by the Saviour for our fouls." This is no doubt a 
 charge of a very ferious nature, but happily, in the prcfcnt 
 inflance, it is a b3re-faced calumny. My former work in- 
 forms you that, in fome cafes, the Lord's Fupper isdifpenfed. 
 
 jj. — ._..-■,.. . — ,,..- ...,^t,,,^ vt iiL-^ >C«i, uiiU^ \Jll \^\t,ij v«-"-itrJV"» 
 
 with 
 
 with the j 
 
 not requi 
 
 celebrate( 
 
 you can 
 
 again It tl 
 
 Scotland 
 
 duced b] 
 
 of Englai 
 
 forth in ^ 
 
 favourite 
 
 palliate tl 
 
 only fa61 
 
 ture at w 
 
 the time 
 
 herd's k( 
 
 any cred 
 
 in the cl 
 
 very j)io 
 
 would e; 
 
 cious dai 
 
 would bi 
 
 to the c< 
 
 ted to fa 
 
 a fubje6i 
 
 birth-da 
 
 obje6iio 
 
 honor ol 
 
 not intn 
 
 cenfure 
 
 which I 
 
 obfervin 
 
 time noi 
 
 what da 
 
 ignoran 
 
 iiegle61i 
 
 /«///? ol 
 
 particul 
 
( «& ) 
 
 Kith the {rrcatcfl pofliblc folemnilv, and I pirtume you da 
 not requite to be told that the iciuncaion of our Lord is 
 celebrated on the fir/l day of cvcnj xcech Tiie only ground^ 
 you can have for Inch a i'weepinjr and ungracious charge 
 againlt the land of your falhcrs, is, that the Informers of 
 Scotland difcardcd the whole holt of feaHs and fafts, intro- 
 duced by the Church of Rome, and retained by the Church 
 of Englaiul. I am forry that you have compelled me to ftand 
 forth in vindication of my Church at the expcnce ol vour 
 fayourite" hierarchy. But" I mu(l fay a few words at kaji to 
 palliate the chargewhich you have brought againll her. The 
 only ht\ mentioned in vS'cripturc from which we can conjec- 
 ture at what feafon of the year our Lord was born, is, that at 
 the time of his birth " there were in the fame country Shep- 
 herd's keeping watch over their flocks by night." Now, it 
 any credit can be given to Dr. Shaw, that the winter nights 
 in the climate ofPaleitine are verv unwholelbme, it is not 
 yerv j)robable, as Dr. Doddridge obferves, that Shepherds 
 would expofe themfelves and their flocks to the cold perm* 
 cious damps of midnight in the open fields. This, 1 confeis, 
 would be of no weight in oppodtion to credible teflimony 
 to the contrary ; but as Scripture is filent, 1 may be permit- 
 ted to fay, that if there be any thing certain on fo uncertain 
 a fubjeft, it is this, that the ^5th of December was not the 
 birth-day of our blefl'ed Lord. This may be thought a weak 
 obje61ion to the devout obfervance of one day every year m 
 honor of fo llupendous an event. But you will obferve I do 
 not introduce it with that view, but merely toward off the 
 cenfure whic-h you yeiy broadly inflift on the Church \o 
 which I belong. What ! condemn us for not religioufly 
 obferving a precife day once every year, and at the fame 
 time not inf^itute an enquiry for the purpofc of afcertaining 
 what day of the three hundred and fixty-livc is meant ! Our 
 ignorance of the dav of Chrifl's birth, a poor apology for 
 iiegleaing the obfervance of Chrill's birth-day ! ! ! We 
 jiw/l obferve it, but we mud not prefume to alk what the 
 particular day is which we muft obferve ! ! ! I trull that at 
 ♦!,-« Ko.. .,rr:,vi -xnA mnn T flinll hp nrnuiitcd for notobfefv- 
 
 ing; 
 
 r 
 
 
 11.': 
 
 .^'' 
 
( 30 ) 
 
 !l"e ,..ir^i'"I'',*'''' i'' ' '=" f'°"= i»voh,n<an' ignorance of 
 S.™ isihcre .n ablming the m„iviiy of m,r I.onl omen 
 
 a «cck on IhurWay, when ,i rea y look niacc on (hp ri.ri 
 day „1 ,he week ? We know why we aceoun The day foe ed 
 when we rehs.oufly oblerve ,he .Sabba.h, for^Vklw S 
 on Ihal day ot ,he week Chrill role from ,he .lead ■ b"T why 
 ftould.he ..„ho|- December be annually obfened whili 
 
 oay, e,i iticd o oiirdcvoiit commemoration > The truth k 
 he whole tnbictt is involved in uncertain.v 1 uerc ' ,' 
 hey?;.„fc of eudenee, that the nativity was foleraniz; 
 
 Jiicib ot lie firlt and fecond centuries, mull fatislV everv 
 "Jtju.rer ,n,o the fubjea ; audi, is rJmarkable U eve , 
 
 «pi.,e .ahsohlcM-ved.n h.s age. mentions not one fvllablo 
 otfe o thTd Y "';""'!«'' "'^ ^="-'y C''""i»"^ Jid not 
 
 o,ft "''f^l"' '""'"''''^ '^'"■'""'y '"afcerlain, ifnoffible 
 n wnatday ,t happened; and it cannot be denied thai 
 
 le M, and' :?"," ',° '^^ f"'"" "^ '™ "'-"fcfiati'on i 
 the hUh and particularly ,n the countries adjacent to Beth' 
 
 ehem, had ihebeft opportunities for alce.tanins , he truth 
 on (hrshnyea among the early Chriflians, in proportion to 
 laiul), and diderence of opinion, among thole whole ace 
 
 i'edfS f,n ','"'" ,"^ .-ftabundan't means olt.o^! 
 edst. Ihe Ball dian heretics, who relided in Egypt and 
 
 rbornf ,l" ^'"''""° ''"'^'""^' '■•'PP'"''^'! .ha?ol,;iord 
 was boin M the hsyplian month Pharmutlii, which aniwers 
 
 .- our Apnl ; molt o our Aliatie Chriliians confidere H e 
 
 1. Ih ol January as H,s bulh-day ; but Clemens Alexandiinus 
 
 "iter ineutmnnig ,he divclity of opinions on the liihjoa; 
 
 » c L-- . info mis 
 
 o ... i.mitivc LnufCiJ, Chap. i.\. 5ct. 4. 
 
 ~> 
 
 \ 
 
orance of 
 lore reli- 
 id oiue a 
 Pel on the 
 Hon once 
 
 I the iiyli 
 
 jy lacred, 
 
 now that 
 
 but why 
 
 ?cl, while 
 e on that 
 J truth is. 
 re is not 
 inizecl in 
 
 II the fa- 
 ly every 
 int even 
 cKoninji 
 (y liable 
 
 did not 
 (lival, it 
 pofliblc, 
 cd, that 
 :ition in 
 o Beth- 
 le truth, 
 i/idence 
 ition to 
 uncer- 
 olc age 
 "know- 
 Jt, and 
 ir Lord 
 ini'wers 
 'ed the 
 drinus, 
 
 ii])jca, 
 
 n/bnns 
 
 C r^l ) 
 
 intoi'ms us, that more curious enquirers fixed it to the S5fh 
 of the month Pachon, which correfponds to the 28th of our 
 prelent month of May.* The knowledge that the s.iihof 
 December was the birth day of our Lord, came not from 
 Alexandria, not from Antioch, not from Jcrufalem, not from 
 any place in the neighbourhood of the town in which He was 
 born ; in thefe places the matter was involved in uncertainty ; 
 but from EuroiJC, from Rome, from that bold, fell-confident, 
 prefumptuvius city which once ruled over the nations of the 
 
 the 
 
 f 
 
 earth, and afterwards dared to d\6\ 
 the Chriltian world. Of this very curious fa(51, we have po- 
 litive evidence from Chryfoflom, whofe teftimony you 
 relpc^ on another fubjeft.' The Eadern as well as the 
 Weliern Churches had already invented feveral religious 
 J'ellivals and fafts. In particular, the Eaftern Churches 
 obferved Epiphany on the Gth day of January, for the qua- 
 druple purpofe of commemorating Chrill's manifejlathm 
 (epiphaneia) in the flefli, his manifefhition to the Gentiles 
 by the Star which appeared to the Magi, his manifellation as 
 thfe Son of God at his baptifm, and his manifeftation by his 
 firft miracle at Cana in Galilee.f But Rome interpofed. 
 Too much edifying matter was brought into view in one 
 day, and fome of it, in her judgment, on the wrong day. She 
 had di61ated the 2.;th of December to the Well, as the true 
 birth-day of Chrift, and at length prevailed on the Eaft io 
 lubmit to her authority in adopting the fame day, permitting 
 them to continue the obfervance of the cth of January for 
 thefe other religious purpofes. It was in Chryfoftom's time 
 that fhe gained this eaftern vi61ory. Accordingly, in one 
 of his homilies, he gravely informs the people of Antioch, 
 *' that ten years were noi yet pall, fince they came fo the true 
 knowledge of the day of Chrid's birth, which they kept br- 
 fore on Epiphany, till the Weflern church gave them beUv* 
 information." The unanimity of the prefent Churches of 
 Chrillendom, in obferving the .'v'^th of December, is not to 
 
 be 
 
 * Bingham's Chriflian Antiquities, Book xx. Chap, iv. Sec. 1—4. 
 t See Coteleriui's Notes on Apofl. ConQ. Lib. 5. Cap. 13. Sec. Chrys. De Nafe 
 •Chiifii. Stom. 21. 
 
 
 I' 
 
 m 
 

 ( '^^ ) 
 
 l)e woixlcred at, when Hiey derive their knowledge fVoiu (>„e 
 common foiirce. Till then you can furninj the Church ol 
 Scotland with better evidence than what enlightened John of 
 Antioch, you may load her with calumnies as vou plealc 
 ior holding no feftival on the '25\h of December, but do not 
 ndcrt tdl you are better infofnied, that flie abolifhcd fcftivals 
 only bccaulc " they have no warrant in the word of God." 
 "After the beginning of the lixth age, viz. r^si years in 
 .Scotland began (he old Satnrnalin of Rome, which was firrt 
 kept in honor of Saturn, but by the fuccelfors of Julius Caifar 
 It was ordained to be kd-pt to the memory of him, and was 
 called Julia, fo be celebrated unto the honor of Chrills birth 
 in the latter end Of December. Theoccafioiiwas this— Arthur' 
 that renowned prince, wintering at York, (whereof he nev.ly 
 had made himfelfmafter) with his nobles, bethou<-ht h'n- 
 lelf with Ihem to pals fome days, in the dead of wljit.,;?, 
 in good cheer and mirth, which was done forthwith, as it is 
 given out, for devotion to Chrilt, although that then tmc 
 devotion was very little regarded; for, as thefe men exceed- 
 ed the Rortians, during this lead, in riot and iicentioufnefs; 
 io they continued the feaft double the time that the Ethnic 
 Romans were wont to keep it ; for the Romans kept it onlv 
 •five days, but thcle kept it icn days with theii new devotion',- 
 yea, thole of the richer fort in time following have kept it 
 llffeen days.. This was the beginning of the^'profane idle- 
 riels and not of Chriftmas, now kept twelve days with foolifti 
 exccfs and riot. As thefe Chrilimas-keepers miftook the 
 way of honouring Chrift's birth, by this kind of folemnity, fo 
 they niiftake the time of his birth; for the moil exaft chro- 
 nologcrs tell us " That Chrift was born in Oaober and not 
 m December." The Scots ftill retain the old name Julia, of 
 this prepoflerous holy feaft; for they call it corruptly Yule, 
 though they never kept it of old, not being fubjed to the 
 Romans. The French and Italians, in this, are nothing be- 
 hind us ; for befide that they (hare with us in thefe Saturna- 
 lia, Julia, or Chriftmas's they go beyond us in riot and fool- 
 eries in their Bacchanalia, which they call Carnival ov Usu- 
 digras, before Lent; which in old time was kept to the honor 
 
 of 
 
 ■*s>. 
 
( S3 
 
 t>f Bacchus."* All thefe circumftancos, and inany more 
 which might have been detailed, may tend, in lome mealure, 
 to relcue the Reformers of our couniry IVom that j^rofs 
 imputation which you would fix on their memory as having 
 prolcribcd " feRivalsin commemoration of the things done 
 by the Saviour for our fouls." 
 
 Nearly allied to the charges which have now been preferred 
 againd you, is that of Mi/repre/hifn/ion, which comes next 
 »o be exhibited. I have alreadv charged you with imputing 
 to me unworthy motives, and have fully fubllantiated the 
 acculation. ^ I now call you to acccmnt for vour mifrepre- 
 lentations of 7ni/fe/f and Elders— i/oiir oicn Church ami her 
 (hjiingitj/hed Memlers—thc celehmted Jieformrrs—Vind the 
 cnjc. of Calcutta. You mifrcprefcnt vujfe!/ when you fay 
 that I have gone beyond my province, and exceeded the 
 Jimits which I had piefcribed, namclv, " the dedgn and du- 
 ties of the Elder/liip." Now, I would beg leave to aik you, 
 How it was pollible to explain the design of the Eldcrfliip 
 "without dating the different meanings affixed in fcripture to 
 the word Elder, and particularly tlwt " the defign and duties" 
 of a Bi/hof) are iVequeutly aflbciated with the ofKice of Pref- 
 bytcr or Elder ? I adduced the evidence of Epifcopalians 
 m confirmation of my itatcments, not to " make them bear 
 falfe witnefs againlt themfelves," as you humorouJly exprefs 
 it, and not bccaufe I regarded them as the greateft men who 
 could be brought forward on the fide which I had efpoul'ed, 
 but lor the purpofe of Ihewing that our views of the fub}e6>, 
 however decidedly oppofed to that pre-eminence which is 
 allowed to Bifhops in the Englilh Church, might cofi/i/lenth/ 
 be held even by thofe who do not rejea her. claims to the 
 charaaer of a Chripian Church. You are chargeable with 
 rnifreprefentation when you impute to me the abufe of 
 *' impreffions, aflTociations, and feelings," " amiable in them- 
 felves," merely becaufe I employ them at the conclufion of 
 the difcourfe to awaken the feelings of brotherly-kindnefs 
 and charity, which are quite confident with " proving all 
 
 ftr.aii'i VitUu to Knox's Hiflory of the RefotMation, p. 44. things 
 
 * 
 
i 
 
 ( it ) 
 
 things, and lioldini^ fall that whirh is good," but which arft 
 •' dirc.laimt'd" by //o//beraiirc they arc ;/o/con<i;cnial with the 
 ilcvu and contrac-U'd Ipirit of bi<;otry and intolerance. — You 
 viifrc'prcli'iit me when you make nic affirm that the Articles 
 of the Church of vScotland have an JiUi-CahiniJlic Icnle, 
 merely becauie I ll?.ted the fafl that in that lonle alone a 
 majority of her members can conJiPently (ublVribe them. — 
 You ni'ifreprefnt me when you itidnuutc thit 1 atta( h weight 
 to •• the opinions of Divines who lublVribc the Confellion of 
 Faith and afterwards teach the dodrines of Arminius and 
 Sociiihiiij" (I prrfumc you mean Soc'.'/nis) merely bccaufe, 
 '• for pure candours fake," I Hated the mchncholy truth, 
 that fome of mv brethren have a^cd lb diHionorable a part — • 
 You viifrepivfcnt mc when, ii> ])age 10, you cpiote the words 
 of Dr. Hawcis, a Clcrj^yman of the Church ot E/ig/and, as 
 if they vvere wr/ own, which Hate a truth much to be deplored, 
 but which, " for pure candours fake," you ought to have 
 iniVrted under the name of the legitimate author. — You 
 ynifirptrjinl me when, in the next page, you ii.linuate that I 
 claimed " cxclurivc praife" to my own Church, merely be- 
 caufe 1 enumerated fome of her members who were " emi- 
 nent in almolt every department of literature," with the 
 cxp: el's dcdgn of removing the imprellion which you wifli to 
 perpetuate, that the Clei'gy of your National Church are 
 " Prclbyteriandeclaimcrs," and \\i:iX Ic;noran(c, Fannttcifm, 
 and Frp.fl)ylery, form one hideous combination. — You w/.v- 
 reprclh'd \x\c \s!\\t^\-\, in page 14, you virtually adert that I 
 rcprelentcd " Andrew Meivil and' his brethren as men of a 
 •refined tall?," " who addided themfelves to the elegant pur- 
 luitsof fciences and arts," whereas, by looking at page ?,0 of 
 the " View," <Stc. it appears that that language was explicitly 
 and folely applied to thofc ornaments of the Scottilh Church 
 ■whole appearance in our own age '' is a matter of high con- 
 gratulation," — You mijreprcjent me when you charge me 
 with want of candour in not giving both fides of the queftion, 
 merelv becaufe I preferred evidence favorable to my own 
 views, and did not gratify your unreafonadle e\pe€iAiiom hy 
 adducing ootiofite witneflbs to neutralife the evidence which 
 
 was 
 
 %_. 
 
( 35 ) 
 
 was calculntod to operate conviflion on every rational in- 
 quirer alU-r truth. Wlun you write a book on " the clcfion 
 and duties" of ReHors. 1 Hiall expet"^ a full and inrparf:al 
 detail if all the eviden e by which Dioccfr.n Rpifcopacv is 
 proved to be c(pially <'cnitufe ol lupport from Srrintuie and 
 Antiquity. 1 am clearly of opinion that a Clfi' \man in 
 addrefTinnr his flock, ought always to Ihcvv that his own mind 
 is fettled by lixing on one view of a rubjefl, and fi.jtporting 
 it by all the realoninj^ which ii\u fairfy be ad\anc«(l — You 
 vnjreprcjetd me when )ou introduce mc ( pa<ic I 9 ) as" givinj^ 
 to the creatures of fancy the reality of aiUial exigence," 
 becaufc in page 10 of the "View," ice. I introdtirc not rny 
 own unauthorifcd, random, and infignilicant conjc^lure re- 
 fpefting the models of the Epifcop.ili..n and Prefl)yterian 
 Churches, but the explicit and avowed flatement of that 
 " Diflenting Teacher" and '• Prefljvterian dcclaimcr," 
 William Hobertfon, D. D. Prii.cipal of the Univerfity of 
 Edinburgh, and Hifloriographcr to His Mnjcfiy for Scotland ! 
 You ntifreprejcnt me when you inlinuate that by proclaiming 
 the poverty of your epifcopnl brethren in Scotland I mea« 
 to excite prejudices asainfl them, for though my oxen i hurci. 
 does not give the title of Bi/Jiop to men who have only one 
 hundred pounds pf^ annum to maintain the cpifcopal dignitv, 
 yet fhe has never been dillinguiflied as " a kingdom of this 
 world," and it was the boaft of Lord Melville, in the Britifli 
 Parliament, that '• the Church of Scotland is built upon the 
 rock of Poverty !" — You jnifreprcsent me when you interpret 
 my language (page 22) asconveying the imprelTion that I 
 regard thofe as " Chrijlian principles" which are " incon- 
 liflent with regular fubordination and difcipline," in oppofi- 
 tion to the whole fpirit and tendency of the paragraph in 
 which it is found, and when you aim your kvV (" if wit it 
 can be call'd, which a»/7 has none") at'the dotTlrine of Pre- 
 deflination as impofing on the Covenanters ^ fatal nerejjiti/, 
 compelling them to do zoickedh/. By this mode of atling I 
 could prove that Scripture teaches Atl^eifni, bccaufe the xjv. 
 and Liii. Pfalnis explicitly allert, in verle J, " There i.s no 
 God !" 1 am neither a Calvinift nor an Arminian, but I 
 
 would 
 
 
 i 
 
C 36 ) 
 
 would advife you before you again level your wiuicil'ms 
 againft i'ubjetls beyond your comprehenfion, to read Ed- 
 wards on Free Will, and liien confufc his realbnings, or 
 eife admit x^^g fatal mcejfity which compel^ you cither^to be 
 a good Cal\ inill or a bad philolopher. — You viijieprpfent 
 me when, in page zc, you charge me with allerting that all. 
 Con/icils ave m favour of Prelbyterian parity. Within the 
 four corners of my former pamphlet, you will find no fuch 
 ^//7<?///wi proceeding from ///(?. On the contrary, 1 rcjeil all 
 fuch authorities, though in many inftances favourable to my 
 caufe; with many learned Epifcopalians I regard them a^ 
 " impudent forgeries;" and, even admitting their genuinc- 
 nefs, they were framccl aficr the Lea centuries immediately 
 fucceeding the ApofLolic age, and confequently are of no 
 more value in a cafe of this kind than quotations from the 
 Canons of the prefent Church of England, The only rircum- 
 llance to which I can impute ^^'\%'m({^wceci{mifreprefentation 
 on your part, is, that in pag- of the " View" I have intro- 
 duced Dr. John PMwards, " a moft rcrpe^lable divine of the 
 Phurch of England, who, after having adduced ihe atteda- 
 'ifr^tions of Clement, fgnafius, Cyprian, Chryfoflom, Thcodoret, 
 Jerome and others, gives the following as the refult of his 
 inquiries," " From vA\ thefe we may g-ather that the Scrip- 
 ture Bi/hop was the chief of the Preibyters; but he was not 
 of a diflinci order from them. And as for the times after the 
 ApofUes, none of the writers, nor any ecclefiaftical hiftorian, 
 tells lis, that a perfon oi" an order fuperior to Prelbyters, 
 was fet over the Prcfl)yters." " To (ingle Fathers, we may 
 add Councils, whc deliver the fame fenfe."* So it is Dr. 
 Edwards who is to be believed 'awA not rne, as you would make 
 your readers believe. — You vufreprefent me when, in p. 5:2, 
 you term me " the echo' (I knew you were fkilled in the 
 Theory of Sounds) " of Dr. M'Crie/'and refer to the Britifh 
 Critic for evidence as to our impartiality and candour. To 
 be even the echo oi fuch a man as M'Crie is a high hoi^ur, 
 when it is confidered that he is the echo of dillinguiflied men, 
 whofe induftry and genius might have remained unknown 
 
 beyoud 
 * Edward'* Remainj, page 253. 
 
 Ibeyond the 
 
 I labours havi 
 
 [which we li 
 
 jfhe name of 
 
 [He is the r( 
 
 jReview of) 
 
 Inow founds 
 
 ing to anon 
 
 I Edinburgh 
 
 Britifli Criti 
 
 do not lavif 
 
 favour " th< 
 
 whojefale tl 
 
 to believe, 
 
 and PreJI)yti 
 
 with refpe^ 
 
 tent witnefl 
 
 gentlemen/ 
 
 But my 1 
 
 deli berate a 
 
 logically) f 
 
 ties, that th 
 
 confifl in < 
 
 judgment. 
 
 I given my " 
 
 under the /, 
 
 are diftindll 
 
 Iremaining d 
 
 I was deliverc 
 
 I office. Ify 
 
 arrell it in i 
 
 fair and legi 
 
 falutary cou 
 
 betolitheii 
 
 Province in 
 
 fhining lighl 
 
( 57 ) 
 
 .'ilticil'ms 
 read Ed- 
 lings, or 
 lier to be 
 'reprejent 
 i; til at a// 
 ithin the 
 
 no fuch 
 rcjei) all 
 le to my 
 
 them a^ 
 s'CJuiinc- 
 icdiately 
 e of no 
 Vom the 
 circum- 
 fmtation 
 ►e intro- 
 le of the 
 ; a tte (la- 
 cod ore t. 
 It of his 
 e Sciip- 
 ^vas not 
 after the 
 liftorian, 
 elbyters, 
 we may 
 t is Dr. 
 dd make 
 n p. i2 2, 
 d in the 
 e Britifh 
 ur. To 
 honpur, 
 led men, 
 nknown 
 bevQud 
 
 beyond the cabinets of the curious, and the fruits of whofe 
 labours have been deitined to illuminate and blefs the age in 
 which we live. I know the fecret caufe of your averfion to 
 ihe name of M'Crie, and which, no doubt, extends to his echo, 
 He is the reputed author of a very mafterly but impartial 
 Review of your former publication, and, of courl'e, his echo 
 now founds harfh upon your ear. I am not fond of appeal- 
 inp^ to anonymous Reviewers, but I think the Quarterly and 
 Edinburgh Reviews are, at leajl, equal in celebrity with the 
 Britifli Critic. They have this decided fuperiority, that they 
 do not lavilh indifcriminate praife on all publications which 
 favour " the dear interefts" of epifcopacy, nor condemn bv 
 whojefale the unfortunate authors who are fo infatuated tis 
 to believe, and fo daring as to afl'ert, the identity of B'ipiops 
 and Prejj)yters in point of order. From them Dr. M'Crie met 
 with refpefiful treatment, and to them I appeal as compe- 
 tent witnefles of " the impartiality and candour of thefe 
 gentlemen," the Dr, and his echo. 
 
 But my unoffending Elders are alfo the vi6tims of your 
 ileliberate and wanton mifreprefentation. You infer (moll 
 logically) from my filence regarding their appropriate du^ 
 ties, that the whole fun61ions which they have to difcharge 
 confifl in occafionally furrendering the right of private 
 jiidgment. Might you not " for pure candours fake" have 
 
 given 
 
 my " View" a more narrow infpcciion, particularly 
 under the ////rr/divifion, where the duties of the elderfliip 
 are diftindly mentioned, and then have accounted for all 
 remaining defe61s on the principle that a feparate Charge 
 was delivered to the Elders when fet apart to that facred 
 office. If you wifh to fee the faid Charge, I may perhaps 
 arreil it in its paflbge to oblivion, and fe 1 it to you in a 
 fair and legible hand, that it may be honoured toadminiller 
 falutary counfel to one who is fo anxious that others fhould 
 be toJd»their duty, and has done his part to illuminate that 
 Province in which he has been fo long " a burning and a 
 fhining light." I dare fay you go along with Bi(hop Croft 
 
 Ml 
 
 wflpn h/» \ 
 
 ther 
 
 
 
 aiders' 
 
( S8 ) 
 
 elders" in ijoi/r contraaed fenfe of the tcrme/der, and aflTiir- 
 edlv in t//e /a777e fenfe were my elders to ordain another 
 Il( hyrus, I would treat him as a layman, becaufe not ordained 
 yith " the hying on of the hands of the Prr/?)i/tenj," i. e ' 
 prenching; elders, pnfiors, or hj/lwps. But Crolt is not'juR Ko 
 favorable to '' the dear interefts"of cpifcopacv when he favs i 
 ''And now I dcfire my reader, if he underd'ands Latin, Vo! 
 view the epiHle of St. Jerome to Evagrius; and doubtlefs he 
 vill wonder to fee men have the confidence to quote anv 
 ^ thing out of it for the di/iinaion between Epifcopacv and, 
 Prefbytery ; for the whole epiftle is to fhew the identity of 
 them..'"* I dare fay a random quotation from Don Quixotte 
 voiild plcafe you better than fuch hard fai/irgs, but I fhali 
 trelp.as on your patience by another. '*' I hope my reader 
 Avill now lee what weak proofs are brought for the diain6tion 
 snd fuperiority of order. No Scripture ; no primitive gene- 
 ral Council ; no general confent of primitive Dolors and 
 Fathers ; no, not one primitive Father of note, fpeaking par- 
 ticularly and home to their purpofe."t It is a curious faft 
 ^ that though you fncer at t'oe very ;/r/Wf? of E/dcrs, yet the 
 Epifcopaiians have their Veflrvme'n and Churchwardens, who 
 perform the very duties which we affign to the Elderfhip ;— 
 they cannot take a fingle Hep without having 'm/flSt, though 
 not in name; precifely fuch officers as we recognize under 
 the Scriptural name of Elder. The Bifliops, perhaps, thought 
 that as in holy writ PreflnMers or Elders fometimes mean 
 Bifliops, it was a mcafure of precaution to get rid of the^ 
 name altogether, left thole who fliould be railed to that office I 
 might attempt to invade their prerogatives. I fliall only! 
 farther obferve, that a Miniller of the Church of Scotland asj 
 the Head or perpetual Afoderator of his SefTion, and all the 
 members of that Court, may, unawed by a conclave of Car- 1 
 dinalsor a bench of Bifliops, exercife in' its fulleft extent the\ 
 right of private judgment, which is the pride andpleal'ure of 
 the human niind. 
 
 I cannot charge you with /jcr///////// in the diOribution of] 
 
 your 
 * Naked Tiuth, p. 45. + Ditto, p. 4;. 
 
{ 89 ) 
 
 hoar mifreprejhitat'ions, for your own Chinch and her dif- 
 jtingiiifhed members do not efcape. You fnifreprefent the 
 Church of England whi^n you attempt, in page 8, to make 
 Iher contradict her own language^ which is too explicit to be 
 Jobfcurcd by your crude and unauthorifed comments. Had 
 lyou placed Canon 7 in direct oppofition to Canon 15, I 
 jcould have judged for myfelf, but as you give only partial 
 and mangled extrafls to neutralife full and dccifive declara- 
 jtions, the conclulion is, that the Church of England is quite 
 confiflenf, and that vou vainly attempt to make her contra- 
 di6l herfelf. Where is the inconliftency or the molt diltant 
 approach to " undermining her own confiitution/' in com- 
 jnianding her miniiicrf to pray for the other Church niain- 
 Itained by the fame Government which flickers herfelf, evea 
 I though herBilhopsor Prefbytei"S be not fo rich or fo power- 
 ful as her own ? Had the hierarchy of England been fupported 
 by fuch trembling hands as yours, we would at this moment 
 have been dropping a tear over the ruins of her faded mag- 
 nificence. But, happily flie arol'e amid the fervent prayers, 
 pious but manly rcfolutions, enlightened and chriltian prin- 
 ciples of men, who were not alarmed for her fecurity even 
 though they gave the right hand of fcllowftiip to thofe who 
 were more daring than herfelf in burfting afunder the tram- 
 mels of a cruel and dcbafing fj.ipciftition. 
 
 You juifreprefent fome of the moft diftinguifhcd members 
 of the Church of England, when you Uigmatize thofe who 
 hazard opinions "in oppofition to her do6lrinc" as " men 
 who eat the bread of the Church, and lift up the heel againlb 
 her." You know well that many difputes have arifen within 
 the bofom of that Church refpefling the divine origin of 
 Bifliops and other Church officei-s, — the alliance between 
 Church and State, — the duty of lubfcribing Confelfions of 
 Faith-rthe Arminian andCalviniUic fenfes of the Thirty-nine 
 Articles;— and do you, by one fweeping claufe, reprefent as 
 " eating the bread" of the Church, and lifting up the heel 
 "againfl: her," thofe who have maintained opinions different 
 from jjoiirs reg[ardingr the doflrine of vour Church on thef« 
 
 important 
 
 
C 40 ) 
 
 jmporfant points ? You have on thefe topics fuch comba^ 
 (Zl ^f?"':^«" '-"'^ Hoadley, Burnet and Waterran 
 Ove ton and K,pl,n., Blackburn nnd^nnbeny, and is i rj 
 
 wl ; ^^^^P^^J';g^ ^he .^M.7/;./^.., Creed, as it is calle7 
 
 which ,s a match for any of Calvin's aufiere dogmas i.^ 
 
 fcncle ^vh,ch comprehends" the fincere beh'evers in its doc! 
 
 nn h- f"'^.'V? P^'"^^"^'^ ^" ^^''^ ^^'^^^ ^"^ ^n.el pnrtin ties 
 on which" ,t flakes the happinefs or mifery of the fou for 
 
 ^^^^Tuf ':r'''' ^'T"'"" ^^^'^^^- cnL-tained Arch- 
 R.^.^^ . . n •''' ^" '^""''^ *«i^' that in writing to Dr 
 Burnet the h.flonan, he fays, « I wifli we were well rid of , 
 It, and the prefent Bifhop of Lincoln, in his E/emcnis of 
 Ueo/ogr; expreffes himfeJf thus, " Great objection ha ' 
 been made to the claufes of this creed, which denounce 
 C.Z- ^^-T^'^'l '^Sainft thofe who do not believe U e 
 Catholic faith, as here flated ; and it certainly is to be la- 
 «iented, that aflTertions of fo peremptory a nature? unex- 
 plained and unqualified, Ihould have bLn ufed in a,'y 
 
 wr;rr?ft !"' '^^ /■"''' "PP^fife doarines from the 
 »vords of Scripture, and confequentlv there muft be many 
 mors among Chriflians; but fince' //;. afpeZ no S 
 informs us what degree of error will exclude from eternal 
 fiappinefs, I am ready to acknowledge that, in my iudomenf 
 not-thflanding the authority of fo^rmer ;imes,'o'ur?S 
 ysould have a6;ied more wifely, and more confidently with 
 the general principles of mildnefs and toleration, if it had 
 riot adopted the damnatory claufes of the Athanafian creed ! 
 
 Jif fof i /^l ^^^'^''^' '^'^ *h^ ^°^""^^ ^'f this creed are 
 all founded m Scripture, I cannot but conceive it to be both 
 Jinnece/fari/ and prefumpiuous to fay, that '•" except everv one 
 do keep theni whole and undefiled, without doubt he fhall 
 penfh cverlan.ngly " But ahfolute contr^diclion is added 
 
 to weak and cruel partialities" in this cafe, for the author 
 ot t^e ci-eed, whoever he was, concludes with declaring, that 
 
 al/. jnen Hx^W give account of their re^o/-/-^ ; ihey that have 
 
 done 
 
fiicli comba- 
 1 V/aterlaiicI, 
 and is it hh 
 'can and rhe 
 
 it is called, 
 dogmas, its 
 fhe narrow 
 i in its doc- 
 I partialities 
 the loul lot 
 lied. Arch- 
 ting to hw 
 
 well rid of 
 llements of J 
 je^lion has 
 
 denounce 
 )elieve the 
 s to be la- 
 nre, uncx- 
 ed in any 
 ;rfons have 
 
 from the 
 I be many 
 
 no where 
 3ni eternal 
 judgment, 
 nir church 
 ently with 
 , if it had 
 an creed ! 
 creed are 
 to be both 
 every one 
 A he' fhall 
 
 is added 
 
 he author 
 
 ring, that 
 
 that have 
 
 done 
 
 ( 41 ) 
 
 Alone good fiiall go Into life everlafling, and they that liave 
 \ione evil into everlafting fire !" So, after all the dafmmtory 
 claufes, "weak and cruel partialities" embodied in thisCrecd, 
 it is not faith but praHice which is to fix the deliiny of 
 jnortals through the ages of eternity. Is there any thing 
 among all the tenets of Calvin, or in all the Confeffion of 
 IFaith of the Church of Scotland, fo monflroufly " cruel," fo 
 iniquitoully " partial," or fo glaringly inconfillent .?* And 
 yet thofe who " eat the bread of the Church," and fpeak their 
 fentiments on thcfe fubje6]s, are chargeable on ^«//r/;r/>7C//V(?* 
 with the aggravated guilt of " lifting up the heel againd 
 her." But perhaps you will grjtnt them abfolution as long 
 as they do not endanger " the dear inlerelis" of epifcopacy,, 
 by allowing the identity of Bi/Jiops and Prejbyters in point 
 o) order. 
 
 Regarding ihe Tefl-AEl, alio, many free fentiments have 
 been fported, and you know the lines of Cowper the Poet on 
 the fubjett, 
 
 Hall: thou by statute fliov'd from its defign 
 
 The Saviour's feail, his own bleft bread and wine. 
 
 And made the lymbols of atoning grace 
 
 An office-key, a pick-lock to a place. 
 
 That infidels may prove their title good. 
 
 By an oath dipped in facramental blood ? 
 
 A blot that will be flill a blot, in fpite 
 
 Of all that grave apologias may write, ■< 
 
 And though a B'ljliop toil'd to cleanfe the (lain. 
 
 He wipes and icours \\\ejiher cup in vain !" 
 Now, though Cowper was not guilty of " eating the bread of 
 the Church," yet he was one of her mod devout members, 
 and on. your principles has been io criminal as to have 
 " lifted up his heel againfl: her." But he, too, fupplicates for 
 pardon, in plain profe, and fays, " I never once affertcd the 
 identity oiBiJliops and Prejbyters in point of order \" 
 
 m 
 
 % 
 
 I, 
 
 /. 
 
 too. 
 
 though a humble " Prefbyterian Diffenting 
 
 have all along t^xpreiTed iifntiirtcnis ^Vouiduic xo 
 
 F the 
 
42 ) 
 
 the Church of Englnnd, and yet I have no heHtntion in fav. 
 
 »ng that the Lord's Prayer is repeated too often in the cotnic 
 
 ol eac', Sunday, that clerical, non-r./ldence fhould in no u. 
 
 /lance be tolerated and that no Biihop Ihould have Ki^ht 
 
 I/wufnud Seven Hundred Pounds of. annual lalary, wlnKh 
 
 ofiic^aung Curates are pining in want, beneath the contempti 
 
 o the great, and icorned by the meaneft of the people 
 
 Iheie opinions I may hold in perfect confiflencv with fcei- 
 
 ingo ol relpcaand attachment towards the Chxmh of Fno-J 
 
 iand. and yet on your principles, I affert with the liSs 
 
 Avhat in heart I deny, and ihofe within the pale ofthe Church 
 
 vvUo are bold enough (o CNprelsy^^/A///.7;- rontiInen^s. are 
 
 al'vmiTher.^' ' " "'""^ ^"' ""''"'^ '"^ ^'^''''- "^^ ^*^^'^^^'»l 
 
 You ?nifrepre/eni the celebrated Reformers, when you in J 
 finuare that Andrew Melvill and his afiociates were not men 
 ■of Tult>vated minds, thai Erfkine of Dun was favorable to 
 Lp. copacy, and that Luther and Calvin were not oppoicd 
 to It Ihough I have correaed the erroneous ftotement in 
 wincn you made me affirm that Melvill and his oflbciates 
 were addiaed to the elegant purfuitsof fcienccs and arts " 
 w/ien I was fpeaking of certain Clergy in " our oxvn acrr"\ 
 vet I have no hefifation in affirming no'u, " on the faith of 
 iHlfory that they were men of high attainments in 
 c.egant literature. And as vou fay vou will be " very 
 well plcaled" to hear of their pro"ii(iency, I (hall fori 
 once meet your wiflies by telling yon that Andrew Melvill 
 was a celebrated linguift, that he received his education at 
 Mo;Urofe under Pierre de Marfiliers, that he had made furh 
 attainments ni Grecian literature as to read Arillotle in the 
 or/^///a/about the yearl559, when he ei.fered the Univerlity 
 
 ? ^'^' ^^r /'^m'' ^""^ *''^* *^^ '■^S*'"^ of St. Leonard's (fa/J 
 James Melvill) - tauld me of iny uncle Mr. Andro Melvill, 
 vhom he knew, ,n the tym of his cours in the new colla- u, 
 ule the Creik logicks of Arillotle, quhilk was a wounder to 
 them, he was fo fyne a fcholar, and of fic expeaation."* 
 
 • life of Andrew Mdvill, p. a. MS. Diary, p. bj, 
 
 cc Tl,-! 
 
C 4S ) 
 
 I" The return of Andrew Mclvill" fays ^f'^^p. " in ijts, 
 
 IjTave a. new inipuH'e to literature In ScoJanu. \ m{ cole- 
 
 Ibratcd Scholar havl jiorfeRed hlmlelf in the knou;* ds^e of 
 
 ■the hinsiiasces diirina; tlic nir.e venrs whicii he fpcnt on th'j 
 
 iContinent, and had aHoniHied the learned at Ccnc\a by the 
 
 Idnency with uhith he read and ipoke Greek He was tlrtl 
 
 Jplaced Principal of theUnivcifity ofGlaff^ow, and afteruards 
 
 (removed to the fame fituation in St. Andrews. Such was 
 
 jhis celebrity, that he attra<51c.. Students from Enghnid ani.l 
 
 Iforeign countries^ whereas formerly it had been thecuflom 
 
 Ifor the Scotfilh youth to go aur(<ad for their education. 
 
 ISpottifwood, with whom he was no favourite, and Calder- 
 
 Iwood, equally bear tefiimony to his profound knowledge of 
 
 Ithis language."* You may fay in reply to this that I am 
 
 \" the echo of Dr. M'Crie," but that atTertion will not refute 
 
 ^itbborn facis. I appeal to his mafs o\ wtqueJlio?iah/e evi- 
 
 Jtlence, and to his fiw ''Tons Qiithorities, which you may exa- 
 
 jmine at ybur leifun leaving the Britifh Critic to fatisfy 
 
 jthofe who feek no better proof, and whole flipj)ani erudition 
 
 Jextends only to title-pages and tables of contents. 1 know 
 
 jnot which of Melvill's affociates you would wifli to hear 
 
 [about, but I may once more become " the echo of Dr. 
 
 JM'Crie," and fa\ , " Perhaps fome of our literati, who entcr- 
 
 Ifain fuch a diminutive idea of the tade and leahiing of thofe 
 
 times, might be furprifed, if they could be fet down at the 
 
 Itable of one of our Scottifli Reformers, furroundcd with a 
 
 Icircle of his children and pupils, where theconverfation was 
 
 lall carried on in French, and the chapter of the bible, at. 
 
 |family»wor(hip, was read by the boys in French, Latin, 
 
 IGreek, and Hebrew. Perhaps they might have' blufli'd, if 
 
 the book had been put into their hands, and they had been 
 
 required to perform a part of the exercifes."f 
 
 
 M 
 
 You wjfreprefent Jv;bn Erlkine of Dun when you* bring 
 
 I him forward as a witnds in favour o^ your fpecies of epiiVo- 
 
 [pacy, and introduce (p. 13) as his language in a letter to 
 
 the Ilegenti Mar what has no other authority but that which 
 
 'M 
 
 Life ef Kasx, vsi. i. p. %^3< 
 
 T uir.i 
 
 1 .. _ .o 
 
( -t* ) 
 
 i^ /jiven It by inverted commas. IJis two letters to Mar am I 
 well wnlfen, and contain an accurate flatcment of the crtcn 
 tial dittuia.on between civil and ecclcfianical iurirdi6non 1 
 Admitt.no: that you have quoted Lis iiMiJvcrba t ev 
 contain nothn.g favourable to your cnufc, for the Supcrin- 
 tendants wcc. to all intents and pi.r,,ofes, Ii,fJ,ops and in 
 that v.ew were fuccreded by Pre/I^jtenes, or Elclerjhif,,, ^'^ 
 all he powers Khich any Scripiural Bifljop ever polfetTod 
 
 ton. ()j courfe L.lk.ne i. quite con/i/{ent when he con- 
 cludes one oHns lc|ters to the Earl in isn, (of which Cal- 
 derwood and Pctne have uivcn large exfra61s) in thcfe words 
 I lament rom my very heart, a gre..t miforder ufed a! 
 ^S^^Mhng, at the lalt pa.liament, in crea.ing bitl.ops. placi. 
 hem and gn.ng them a vote in parliament as 1^^^^ n 
 de.p, te of the knk. and in high contempt of God, thfki k 
 oppohng itleli againfl that milVule." 
 
 r DTr.'^f'^^^f f >^V'^^ ^"^ ^'-^'^'^ ^^»^^n y<>" affirm 
 (page ^.) ihat the Churches reformed bv Lulher are in 
 
 general epdcopal, is well known. And that Calvin pro 
 
 mdlo nl I '^' of i^ngland, worthy of cverv anathema' 
 1 ullo non anathcmate d.gnos, i.s alfo well known." Q,,ois. 
 iwm fi-om Luiher and Calvin will make their feniimentst// 
 
 turn ot""'"- J" ,^"^'^^^"^ '^'-^'^''f^ Adverlus Falfo Nom„ 
 turn Ordniem Lp.Icoporum, Oper. Tom. p. 34^', we find it 
 ^jus wmten, " Paul writes to^Titus that^he fhmdd o dai 
 Lldeis ,n every city. Here, I think, no one can deny tha 
 tX: T''T ^'^'^P-^^ Elder as fignifWng Jl 
 ^^eVf.^' A? l^e ^ommtnds Titus to ordafn Eldels in 
 
 Pauln^nsbyiheteiTB;^:;^ '- - ^n^^iv ^tf 
 
 ch dTnt hd T'P'' T'r "^° ^^'^ '^' ^^rt"«"« ^ifef and 
 an one to n^w-^f '''" '" I^' ^'''''^ '^'^ ^^'^' ^e wills fuch 
 ?hL word nn J I T' -'^ ^""g'-egation, in the miniflry of 
 the woid, and the admin ilh-ation of the Sacraments. Is there 
 
 any 
 
( 45 ) 
 
 any onefvho -it ends fo thcfe words of the Apoftle, together 
 %vith thofe whiol. precede and follow, fo hardened gs todenv 
 this lenfe of them, or to pervert them o another meaning ?'" 
 I might fill many letters with declarations eqiiallv exp'icif, 
 Jrom Luther's Works, in fcvcn volumes, folio, printed at 
 ^^ irtemberg ] 5^g-\55Q. His praBke was conformed to his 
 principles. He was ordained a Prcftvter by the laying c u 
 o\ hands m the Romifli Church in the )'ear 1507, and fecin- 1 
 «o objeaion to the epifcopal form confidered as a human 
 T^^"i'^"' '" ^^le year 154.^, when an epifcopal feat within 
 u ^;^™^'^^^ of Saxony became vacant, at the rcqucft of 
 the E leaor, Luther, thcigh him felj only a Pre/l>,jter, conlb- 
 crated Amidorff BijJiop oUhat diocefe, and \m biographers 
 tell us that one of the lafl aas of his life was onhimino two 
 mimjiers of the zvord oj God, after the Apofiles manner '* 
 Look to the Jiiguftan Corifejjion, the Defence of it, the 
 glides drawn up at Smalkahl in 153 7, and the SyUabus of 
 tontroverted Points, and then fay whether or not the Churches 
 retornied by Luther are " in general epifcopal." You will 
 n""* , ^"^ ^' ^^^^'"'y in favour of Prefl^yterian parity as the 
 Confeffion of Faith of the Church of Scotland. Turn to 
 the Lonfeffions of Saxony and Wirlemberg, the French, 
 i3elgic, Helvetic Confefllons, Confcffion of Bohemia, &c 
 and you will find every one of them cquallv decifive. Indeed 
 almoft «// the public Confeffions which were drawn up and 
 adopted at the era of the Reformation, contain the fame 
 dc6trine, and fpeak the fame Janguage.-And what fays my 
 progenitor Calvin," after whofe teflimony vou feem to caft 
 a llieeps eye, and whom you reprefent as not oppofed 
 u u ^^' '"t^'-efts"' ^f epifcopacy } I am aflonifhed you 
 could have mentioned his name if you ever faw his Works, 
 i-ookinto his Commentaries on Philip, r. i—Titrsi 5 7— 
 
 L-uT'j' ^i ^T' T""- ^- 17— Aas XX. 28. Sec. Sec. and yon 
 mil find that he is the moft furious Prefbvtcrian dogmatift 
 you ever encountered. I fl,all give you one fpecimen, which 
 1 prdume will fatisfy all your demands from that quarter. 
 
 Book 
 
 * The True Hiflorv of ihe Ghrifli 
 eollcftcd by Julius Jonai, &c. 
 
 \ 4 
 
 VI 
 
 
 
 
''^' 
 
 I 
 
 ( 4C ) 
 
 Book IV chnp. 4. " As we have dcclnml thnt Bm-c are 
 three orders of nunWicrs commended to us in Scripture fo 
 all thcminillers that the oncjent Church had, it divided into 
 Ihrc.^' orders. For out ol" tl,o order oC I'rdb) ters part were 
 ch/.(en Faflors and Teachers, and the red bore rule in the 
 admniiflration ofdH'cipline. To the Dtacons was commitled 
 Ihe care of the poor and the diftribution of alms. All thofo 
 t() whom the oHice of teaching was committed, were called 
 J rejhijtcr,^. They, in every city, chofe one, out of their owji 
 ■number, to whom they, elpecially, gave the title of //////om • 
 that dillcntions mioht not grow out of equality, as is wont 
 to be the caie. Yet the Hilhop was not ^ in honour and 
 dig-nity above the red, as to have nmj dainimou o-er hh col^ 
 kn'riics; but the ofiice which the Conful had in the Senate, 
 to propofe bufinefs ; to collect opinions; to prc/idc in con' 
 \\.u\\wg, admonifliing, and exhorting ; todire6t, by his autho- 
 rity, the whole procels of bufmefs; and to put in execution 
 that which was decreed by the common counfel of all,— the 
 iamc oOice had the Bijliop in the aflemblv of Pre/hi^ters. And 
 even this\\\Q ancient wriieis themfelvcs confefs,' was brought 
 11) by human conjatt, on account of the necemty of the 
 times." J give you plain Englidi, but I refer you t^chapter 
 and vcrle, that you may judge as to the correanels of the 
 tratiflation. I wiHi you had given us rejerences intlead of 
 icraps from recolIe6Hon. Thus you fee the amount of CaU 
 Mil's teftimony. I could ^ivo you iijany pages equally ex- 
 plicit, and all to the lame eiI't6L 
 
 You niisrepreftnt the cafe of Calcutta. Indeed you could 
 not have hit on a cafe more unfortunate i'or your/e/f vind more 
 favorable for ;;,t. It is juft fuch as one might be expeaed 
 to Humble on who takes the Ipfe dixit of iui anonymous pam- 
 phleteer. The leading facts are well known to me owing to 
 m\ intimate acquaintance with Dr. Bryce's ia:her whols a 
 rcfpeaable Clergvman in Aberdeen. Di-s. Middleton and 
 Bryce went to India in the fame vcllcl and from ibme caafe- 
 or other, Iparring commenced during the voyage. Perhaps 
 the celebrated wi-iler on the Greek Article and dignitary 
 
 of 
 
 •r^ 
 
»f. ( 47 ) 
 
 n n..>,..c 74^:. bell" i ; "r'rj::;:^;^:^;"'' 
 
 t.«7«- of re .io„ n , ,; 'n T "=!' ""P'<'«"='"l 'viti, ,1,.. 
 cZorarv !•! "V-T"''"' '^"^ ^■'""•'■^' ^""1 ""^ I''e(buer a 
 
 pop So , o c;icuu "jr,"'"''''- '■" '"^ ''"'■'"'"I'' ""■ s™ rf« 
 
 ve«cl ,„ )"e them 1, "'^"' "'"'',•'""' ''° ''''"'" >"= «as 
 
 Hood ope'-n i.nT,- ,";.!,' 'p,,;:',; "^^, !;';;;*,.°,f ^ tw. 
 
 ■?"""rmor,s nu.h.r " befor't' ,he nival o D^ R ^' ^'°"' 
 m harmony wiih llie Ch„,-,l, '.,, ""»', "i Dr. Bryce. wcro 
 
 •"I in all i.s form 'of ?„' • , fe'?/' ■ -]<^-f"Sh "ni- 
 <hi3 meafure, was to createi'L;/ ' *■""?■ "'^«^'"re, of 
 
 i» ll>e pcrfon of dV H "''"' " '»""<' "°"<^ »"<! 
 
 "V .Votch who we^e Sd° ":''^' •f°'- ""^ ^'^' "^ '1'^ ■"=- 
 •^xpcfled ihat they "ould m.k ,fe „f ,r"' 'l^'"""^ "> "^"^ 
 'or who had been uroviZd r .."^ '''''S'""' "'«™':- 
 "irthority to nreac !„,/•/ , u "•'"" ""'' "' h« had no 
 
 cd for th^em t^o d„ , ,". to al:;!- 1 "' '" .' ^?-^- "''»' «"»"'- 
 Pofe of hearing hi. ,1 ?'''^"'°''= "> Ac /foi for (he nur- 
 
 vine. .h jrx be :„™:s";o ',!• '<i" "^"' °''' '^""'* "- 
 
 '^".lably conformed ,o°fhe 1 • ?"'' -^I^Wil-nient had 
 ^''-y were blefi with a tft ^ ^^u' ""«"""■ ^"' »^ '"O" =5 
 
 reforted to the own n^ '7 "^ i'''^" "«". of courfe they 
 
 , iw men own place ofwoifh n Aii *\ • / 
 
 ^yin<r to theBifhoD anH kJ, n ' ^^'' ^h's was nioit - 
 
 ^rom The pulpf ^ TI^T. '^'^^^^^^^^^ ^'^'^'^^'^^'- ^'"^" ^'^^ Sermon 
 ^v,..;;> _".T^* -^"'s^vasan honor whirh then.. ,im _ 
 
 -'-r^>. .u,u u wa, not altogether loit upon' hfm'; "^^' ^"' 
 
 It 
 
( 48 ) 
 
 long " the moft intemperate and infuliing harangue/' tci 
 uhich the New- York ma<;azine alludes, iirucd from the prel's, 
 ;ukI thus there were " wars and rumours of wars." At length 
 a new Kirk was to be founded — a Iplcndid Mafonic proref- 
 i\on took place on the occaHon, with the Earl and Countofs 
 of Moira at its head — an addrefs was made by his Lordfhip 
 in which the Dr. was introduced with honour, and to whi( h 
 he made a very elegant reply. To the liirrin:;s of j aioufy 
 even a BiJ/iop was not fuperior, on fuch an occafion as this. 
 IJut that was not the o/i/i/ caufe of mortification to the fpi- 
 rifual lord, for Dr. Brycc Was one of the young Scottifh 
 divines who (ludy medicine, and began to " praflife an 
 interference," which was rewarded with enormous fees, and 
 " to take a lead," by becoming Editor of the Aliatic Journal, 
 on a falary of Twelve Hundred Pounds per annum, fo that 
 even on the fcore of 'filthy lucre" the Prelbvtcr approached 
 too near a footing of equality with the Bifhop. — All this, 
 however, might have been tolerated, had not Marriage and 
 Baptifm fees become a bone of contention — the Bifliop 
 grafping at all, the l*rc,(bytPV at his /hare. The whole mat- 
 ter was referred hume, and, in the month of May lafl, it was 
 decided by the powers in Church and State, that Dr. Brycc 
 was entitled to perform the whole office of a Bifhop, (landing 
 fupreme as the Firft Reprefentative of the Church of Scot- 
 land in Britifh India. I know not to what extent epifcopal 
 intolerance would have gone in this cale, had not the Earl 
 and Countefs of Moira flood by the injured, maintaining his 
 caufe, and leading him on to triumph. 
 
 Your Inconjijlencies and ContradiEii >ns fpeak for them- 
 felves, and, therefore, require only to be mentioned. Yoa 
 fet out by terming my work a " weak attack," and you con- 
 clude by giving a catalogue of all the Jirong and weighty 
 publications you could think of, to prevent its deleterious 
 effefls. You call it an attack on the Church of England, 
 and, in the true fpirit of controverfial yw/c/We, you adduce as 
 evidence (page 7) my calling the Churches of England and 
 Scotland " fifter churches." aHowiDP" the former to be as 
 
 « pure 
 
( 49 ) 
 
 " pure in principle, and efTicicnt in operation, as the Irtffer," 
 and congratulating thefe Colonies on having " provifion 
 triadc for the fupport of fuchan ecclefiallical conftitution as 
 that of England !"— You contradiR yourlclf when you ad- 
 mit that the Epil'copalians of Scotland arc DilTcntcrs as being 
 "recufants to conform" to its eftablifhment, intimate that 
 their Situation in North Britain is parallel to ours in New- 
 Brunfwick, and then talk of the Epifcopal Church in Scotland 
 mftead of the V.pifcopal Diffhntitig Meeting I Ion fes.— You 
 are greatly incofifijlent when vou Hand forth in defence of 
 epiicopacy as it exiHs in Scotland, and boaR of it " as a 
 kingdom not of this world," becaufe It is poor as charity, 
 I and prefcnts no " lures to youthful ambition," while, at the 
 lame time, you come forward as the redoubled champion 
 of fuch a xcor/d/y kingdom as a Church with annual revenues 
 to the amount of Three Million /—You are no less incon- 
 Jtjtcnt when you tacitly confefs that the two eUablifhrnents 
 of Great iBritain are co-ordinate, and at the fame time call 
 one of them a Church and the other a Kirk. Whatever epi- 
 thets of contempt you apply to the one mutt equally apply- 
 to the other, and, of courfe, if there is any thing degrading? 
 in the term Kirk, you virtually apply it to the C hurch of 
 England, and thus are chargeable with " eating the brc of 
 the Church, and lifting up the h. . I againit her." \ . the 
 iake of your omn Church, the' ,re, x ou ought to imitate our 
 Sovereign Lord the Kinp who is temporal Head of the Kirk, 
 /ind who, in all commUnjtations dire^lv from the Crown to 
 the General Affembly, terms it the Church of ^ otiand.— You 
 are equally /«cow/J/?^/7/ when you declare your utter rcjeaion 
 ofall evidence fiom men not injallihle, and at the fame time 
 proceed to explain away the teftimonies of asmanv as you 
 could poffibly get rid of. This was a convenient manmivre - 
 when all other refuges were I'wept away. Were 1 rrdnced 
 to fuch fhifts, I would yield the point— You are palpably 
 mconjifientyhen (p. 1 1 ) you fpeak contemptuoufly of hu- 
 man learning, reprefent Greece and Rome as boaftmg of 
 
 ^T^ u ^'"^ " '" *^® ™''*^ ^^^^^ thickeft fpiritual darknef;," 
 and then, m your conclufion, glory in the great men who. 
 
 ^ have 
 
 y^ 
 
( 50 ) 
 
 havendcrned the Church of England. -You reach the height 
 o{ inconjiflency when you reprobate thofe of the Church of 
 Scotland who fubfciibe the ConfeflTion of Faith in an anti- 
 calviniftic fenfe, whilfl:yo//(and according to Mr. Adam,) your 
 brethren in Scotland, to a man, fubfciibe the Articles of the 
 Church of England in an anti-calviniftic fenfe, though, to 
 fay the leaft of them, they are equally calviniftic on the very 
 doctrines you fpecify. What a bundle of inconliftencies ! 
 Witnefs now a Comedy o[ errors. 
 
 Under the /rt/? charge which I entitled Errors and Fallacies, 
 may be comprehended all your other palpable delinquencies. 
 Without thejhadow of evidence youaflert, in page 25, that 
 Aerius was the firft who maintained " that Bifliopsand Pref- 
 byters are of the fame order," and, in oppofition to the 
 Jlronge/l evidence, you affirm in the fame paragraph that 
 "John Calvin, in 1541, fet up at Geneva the firft Prelbytcrian 
 Chun^h that was ever heard of in the world." Now, in the 
 Jir/i place, John Calvin did not fet up that Church, and, in 
 they^cowr/ place, it was not the firft Prefljyterian Church ever 
 heard of in the world. It fo happens that Prefbyterianifm 
 was introduced into Geneva before Calvin ever faw that 
 city, when he was about nineteen years o? age, and in com- 
 munion with the Church of Rome. In the beginning of hisj 
 famous letter to Cardinal Sadolet, he thus exprefsly fays, 
 " that the religious fyitem of Geneva had been inftituted, 
 and its ecclefiaftical government reformed, before hf was] 
 called thither. But that what had been done by Farpl and 
 Viret, he heartily approved, and ftrove by all the means inj 
 his power to pre/erve and eJiahViJhr Beza alfo informs us, 
 and after him Melchior Adam and others, that in the year | 
 15SG, when Calvin flopped at Geneva, on his way to Bafil, 
 without the leaft intention of fettling at the former place, 
 Farel and Viret, then Paftors of Geneva, earneftly impor- 
 tuned him to remain in that City, and to become their aflb- 
 ciate in the miniftry ; that it was not until Farel ventured,: 
 in the name of the Omnipotent God, to denounce a curfe 
 againft him if he (hould perfift in refufing, that he confented j 
 to remain at Geneva ; and thai he at length fubmittcd him- 
 
 felfl 
 
V ■ 
 
 
 ( 51 ) 
 
 felf to the wilt of the Pre/ii/ter^ and of the roagifirafes, by 
 whofe fiiffrages, the confeif ot the people being obtained, 
 he was eledled and fet apart as a Paftor, and alio as a public 
 I Teacher of Divinity, in the month of Aiiguft, 1536. Dr. 
 I Henry More, in his Divine Dialogues, p. sa, fpeaking of the 
 ^ Reformation of Geneva, fays, " As for Calvin, the charge of 
 rebellion upon him is, that he expelled the Bifliop of Geneva, 
 who was the chief magiflrate of that city, and changed the 
 government, and fo carried on the Reformation. But this 
 is a 7}7ere ca/urnni/ ;kgawl\ Calvin, and without all grouml ;> 
 for not fo much as that is true, that Calvin was one of the 
 firfl planters of the Reformation at Geneva, and much lefs 
 that he, or any other reformers expelled the Bifhop out of 
 that city." It thus appears that there was a Pre/bytery in 
 Geneva before Calvin went thither; that the fettlement of a 
 tninifter was confidered as the proper a£l of the Pre/bytery ; 
 and that in fa6t the fcheme of minijlerial parity, the govern- 
 ment of the Church by Prejbyteries, and the appointment of 
 Ruling Elders, was received and a6lcd on before the public 
 miniftry of Calvin had commenced or any of his writings 
 had appeared.* — The other part of your flatement that " the 
 Church of Geneva was the firfl Prelbytcrian Church that was 
 ever heard of in the world," is jufl taking for granted the 
 very point to be proved. I know not what you conceive 
 neceflfary to conftitute a Prelbytcrian Church, but it appears 
 to me that it is not more ncceflary to give an inflance of a 
 Church precifely the fame as the prefent Church of Scotland, 
 in order to prove the exiflence of Prelbytcry antecedent to 
 the Church of Geneva, than it is to produce an example 
 parallel with the preferti Church of England in order to 
 prove the exiflence of epifcopacy prior to the age of Henry 
 VIII. We maintain on the mod fu6/l an ti a I grownila that the 
 Jezci/h Synagogue was Prelbytcrian in its form, — that the 
 words Synagogue and Church have the fame iignification — 
 that the mode o^-worjhip adopted in the Chrillian Church by 
 the Apoftles was fubltantially the fame with that uhich had 
 been long pra61ifcd in the Synagogue — that the titles gi\ en 
 
 to 
 * See Beza'i Lile of Calvin, and Melchiot Adam's Ditto, p. 6i. 
 
( 
 
 .n» 
 
 ) 
 
 to (he ojicrrs of ihe Synagogue, namely, Minifter, Blfliop, 
 1 attor, Prefbyrer, or Angel of the Church, (all ufed indif, 
 criminately, if we may believe the mofl profoundly learned 
 in Jewifh Antiquities) were transferred to the oflpcers of the 
 Chnftian Church— that the chara^ers. dyties, and powers of 
 officei-s, in fub/lanee, were transferred from theSvnacrooueto 
 the Primitive Church-r-that the mode o^ ordaimiig oncers bv 
 imixfition of hands of Prejbylers, was the very mode in ufe 
 m the Synagogue fervice— and that the Scriptures throu^rh, 
 out and all the Fathers of ihefirftand fecond centurTes 
 without one diflenting voice, rcprefent the Apoftolic Church 
 
 » J''^^^*^"^" '" ^'^ ^°''™- '^^^ occurrence of the word 
 HiPiop in Scripture and in the Fathers, vou regard as quite 
 omnipotent, but it proves nothing zchatever on the fubjea 
 till you can fliew its energy in fome other way than by in- 
 '»<- '^ '" Italics. It is allowed on all hands that there 
 
 ferting it in 
 
 P..O/Z i l'^ W -~'t"-'*- ■^r'j'-^H^^ff- «*c tail II 
 
 rtejbytery, becaufe we maintain that that term comprehends 
 the whole power and dignity which was attached by the fa- 
 cred writers to the term Epifcopacy. The difpute is not as 
 to the name, but as to the authority of Bifhops. If there- 
 fore, you had faid that the Church of Geneva was in form 
 the one that came neareltthc form of the prefent Church of 
 ^cotland, you would have fpoken more corre^ly. You may 
 Imd fault with m for rcjeaing the title of Bifhop, as we quar- 
 rel with yo« for rejeaing that of Elder, but we fay that the 
 ofhce of Blfliop is included in that of Prefbvter or Pallor as 
 you fay that the office of Elder is included in that ofVeftrv- 
 man and Church Warden. 
 
 » 
 But this is not all. I flated in the View that there was a 
 Prefbytenan Church in Scotland " from the firH dawn of 
 ChriHian light in that country." This afTertion you feem 
 dilpoled to deny, by referring to the diRinaion made be- 
 tween Scotia major and Scotia minor. That the Gofpel was 
 introduced into Scotland by the difGiplesof John the Annftie, 
 
 is 
 
( 53 } • 
 
 is exprefsly affirmed by Buchanan, Lib. v. ; and Tcrtiillian. 
 who lived in the fecond age, thus fpeaks, " The Gofpel was 
 diffufed into all the parts of the world, yea, into Britain, and 
 inlo that part of the illand whereunto the Roman Jorcesd/d 
 I never pierce,'"* meaning- the inhabitants on the north fide of 
 the walls built by Adrian, A-ntoninus Pius, and Severus, who 
 were undoubtedly the Scots. Hence fays the poet, 
 
 Roma fagittiferis praetendit moenia Scotis, 
 and Claud ian, many hundred year^ before, fpeaking of the 
 legion which was called from its garrifon on thefe walls, Hates 
 the faSi thus, •♦ The legion came, which was placed before 
 the utmoft Britons, and which bridled the fierce Scots. "f 
 The Irifli were not called Scots, nor their country Scotia 
 major, for many hundred year^ after Chrifi, as is evident 
 from the inquiries of thofe who have reckoned up with pre- 
 cifion the old names of i. eland on the moft ancient claflical 
 authorities. Scaliger tells us, that the word Scot is not of 
 Irifli but of Britifh origin, and that it is not ufed in Ireland, 
 but in Britannia,- j accordingly Abrahamus Ortelius fivs, 
 " I have obferve -and to be named Scotia, by the writers 
 of the middle a^c, whilll another writer affirms that " the 
 naming of Ireland by the name of Scotland was firft about 
 Beda'stime, who lived in the beginning of the eighth age."t 
 It thus appears that the difiinaion between Scotia Majo", or 
 Ireland, and Scotia Minor, or Scotland, continued only for a 
 very fhort period— that it did not come into ufe till after the 
 fifth age, when Palladius was fent by the Bifliop of Rome— 
 and that the Scots received Chriftianity from the difciplesof 
 John the Apoftle. That they were Prelbvterians till infeaed 
 by the Church of Rome, in the fifth age, 'is afierted by all the 
 hiftorians of that period. " Palladius," fays Heaor Bocce. 
 " was the firft of all that did bear the holy magiftraturc 
 among the Scots, being made Bifhop by the great Pontiff, 
 or Bifhop; for, till then, bv the fuffrage of the people, the ' 
 Bifhops were made of the Monks or Culdecs."§ John Mnjor, 
 who was a friend to epifcopal claims, gives this explicit de- 
 claration, 
 
 * Lib.coniraJudeoi. t Buch.nan, lib. i. % Vide Hermolaum Baibarum 
 'B Phmum et Vadianuio, Jn Solinum. % Lib. vii. 
 
 M 
 
I' ' 
 
 - / 
 
 ( s* ) 
 
 claration, " Before Palladius, by Priefts and Monks, without 
 BiHiops, the Scots were inftruaed in the faith."* John do 
 Fordiin, in his Scots Chronicle, fays, " Before the incominfj 
 of Palladius, the Scots had for teachers of the faith, and mit 
 ni»ersof the facraments, prefbvters only, or monks, follow- 
 ing the rites and cufloms of the primitive Church." And 
 bysJohi Semeca, "In the firft primitive Church, the office 
 of bifhops and priells was common to the one and to the 
 other, and both the names were common and the ofHce 
 common to the one and td the other ; but in the fecond pri- 
 mitive Church, the nnmfes and offices began to be dillin- 
 ^uiflied." Profper, in his Chronicle, has thefe wordr,, " The 
 pontiff Celedine fendeth unto the Scots. Palladius, to be 
 their bifliop." Item, " unto the Scots, then believing in 
 Chnfl, Palladius is ordained by Pope Celefline, and fent 
 thither the fir/l bi/hop." The fame faa is attefled by Car- 
 dnial Baronius, who exprefsly dKlinguiflies between the 
 vifits of Palladius to Scotland and Ireland, and favs, " All 
 men agree that this nation (the Scots) had Palladius their 
 //// Bifhop from Pope Celeftine." And Bcda, in the hiftory 
 «f England, diftinaiy affierts, " Palladius was fent firft bifliop 
 unto the Scots by Celeftine, Pontiff of the Roman Church." 
 No faa, therefore, ran be atfefted by more abundant evi- 
 dence, and if you will confult your own epifcopal hiftorians. 
 Skinner and Goodall, you will find that they were not de- 
 ceived by fuch guides as thofe to whom you appeal. But 
 even admitting that Scotia Major, or Ireland was under the 
 government of Prefljytei-s, and not Scotia Minor, or Scotland, 
 until Palladius appeared, what good would refult to your 
 caufe ? — You have thus your countrymen the Scots made 
 Preibyterians by the difciplcs of John,'and in deliance of the 
 challenge given by yourfclf and Hooker, a Prefl^yterian 
 Church has been fliewn to have been formed in Scotland, 
 before the Church of Genrva was ever dreamt of — at " the 
 very dawn of Chridian light in that country." Such is the 
 difcovery which you fay " would be entitled to attention," 
 and 1 hope you will duly honour if. Your 
 
 • Lib. II. cap. a. Dc Gcflij Scotorum.— Hifl. Lib. ui. cap. 8, 
 f Annas, .lat/. 
 
( ^^ ) 
 
 Yoiir extra^s from the Fathers, without a Jingte referent*^ 
 and probably taken from the late edition of Leflie on the 
 Sacraments, publifhed in this city, have not the merit of 
 making a /ingle difcovery entitled to the lead attention. 
 You even introduce Jerome as rtot unfriendly to Ejiifcoiwcy 
 in his cool moments. I fhall extraft the ^vhole pafTage from 
 "* ' you give us a garbled quotation, and as the EpiftJe 
 ..- -.vagrius is of your oxidn felefting, I take it for granted it 
 was written by that Father in cool blood. It f|>eaks for 
 
 I itfelf. •' I hear that a certain perfon has broken out Into 
 fuch folly that he prefers Deacons before Prefbyters, that is, 
 before Biftiops ; for when the Apollle clearly teaches that 
 Prefbyters and Bifliops were the fame, who can endure it 
 that a minifterof tables and of windows fhould proudly exalt 
 hirafelf above thofe at whofe prayers the body and blood of 
 Chrift is made? Do you feek for authority? Hear that 
 teAimony— '^ Paul and Timothy, fervants of JefusChrift, to 
 all the faints in Chrili Jefus that are ai Phillippi, with the 
 Biftiops and Deacons." Would you have another example ? 
 In the Aas of the Apoftles, Paul fpcaks thus to the Priefts of 
 one Church, " Take heed to yourfelves and to al! the flock 
 over which the Holy Ghoft hath made you Bifhops^ that you 
 govern the Church which He hath purchafed with His own 
 blood/' And lell any fhould contend about there being a 
 plurality of Bifhops in one Church, hear alfo another tefli- 
 mony, by which it may mc xt manifeftly be proved, that a 
 Biftiopand Prefl?yter are the fame,—" For this caufe left I 
 thee in Crete, that thou Ihouldeft fet in order the things that 
 are wanting, and ordain Prefbyters in every citv, as I have 
 appointed thee. If any be blamelefs, the hulband of one 
 wife, &c. For a Bifliop muft be blamelefs, as a fteward of 
 God." And to Timothy,—'' NegleO not the gift that is la 
 thee, which was given thee by prophecy, by the laying on 
 of the hands of the Prefbvtery." And Peter, alfo, in Wm 
 tirft Epiftle, faith, « The Prefbvters which are among you I 
 exhort, who am alfo a Prelbvter, and a witnefs of the fuflfer- 
 ings of Chrift, and alfo a partaker of the glory that fliall be 
 
 revcaiedi io rule the flock of Chrilt, and to'infpect if, not 
 " ■ - * of 
 
 / 
 
( ^6 ) 
 
 of conftrhint, but willingly according to God;" which is more 
 lignificantly exprefTed in'the Greek (epjfkopountes) that is, 
 fuperintending it ; whence the name of Bifliop is drawn. 
 Do the teaimonies of fuch men feem fmall to thee ? Let 
 the evangelical trumpet foiind, the fon of thunder, whom 
 Jcfiis loved much, who drank the ftreams of doarine from 
 our Saviour's breaft, " The Prefbyter td the Eled Lady and 
 her children, whom I love in the truth." But that one was 
 afterwards chofen, who ftiould be let above the reft, was done 
 as a remedy againft fchifm ; left every one drawing the church 
 of Chrift to himfelf, (hould break it in pieces. For at 
 Alexandria, from Mark, the Evangelift, to Heracles and 
 Dionyftus, the Bifliops thereof, the Preftjyters always named 
 one, chofen from among them, and placed in a higher de- 
 gree, Btfiop. As if an army fhould make an emperor; or 
 the deacons fhould choofe one of themfelves whom they 
 knew to be moft diligent, and call him Archdeacon." And a 
 liitle afterwards, in the fame Epiftle, he fays, " Preft)yter 
 and Bifliop, the one is the name o^ a^e, the other of d/gnitt/. 
 Whence in the Kpiftle to Timothy and Titus, there is mention 
 made of ihe ordination of Bi^op and Deacon, but not of 
 Pre/by ters, becaiife the Pr^/byter is included in the Bi/hopr 
 
 On the fubje6l of degrees, you are more fpecious than fo- 
 lid, and by proving too much you prove nothing at all. You 
 grant (p. 21) that the Clergy of the Church of England 
 " confidered as a body devoted to the fervice of God in 
 ?^f ^'^^y of the Chriftian miniftry, are all of one order. Yet, 
 if in this one order a Prefbyter is of a degree above a Dea- 
 con and a Bifhop of a degree above both a Prefbyter and a 
 Deacon, it does not follow, that they are all equal as to offi- 
 cial powers but diflfer in thefe according to their degrees. 
 But, if they are not all equal as to official powers, butdiflcr 
 in them according to their degrees, we have here the plan of 
 Epifcopal government." What h the conclufion to which 
 this piece of plaufible reafoning infallibly leads? It proves a 
 ^ great deal more than you intended, for it makes " the plan 
 of Epifcopal government" and " the fcheme of Prefbyterian 
 
 m 1 1 0- o 1 fr 
 
 P«"*y ieourreth. 
 
( 
 
 ) 
 
 jJarityT dne ancl the fame. Panors, Elders and Deacons have 
 tht'ir appropriate offices in the Church, but ah Elder is a de- 
 \^ret abdvc a Deacon, and a Pailor is a degree above both an 
 Elder and a Deacon, therefore we have cither epil'copal pa- 
 rity or prcfbyterian imparity. You hy to make the ine» 
 qualities as few and as fraall as Jjoftible, but the official pow- 
 ers of a Bilhop in the Englilh Church collocatus in excelfiori 
 \f/n(ht are too peculiar to be fo eafily reduced. Everything 
 I depends on the height of the degree, and if you can fhew from 
 Scripture or the Fathers that a Prelbyter required to be r^- 
 ordained when he was placed in exceljiori grndit, then will I 
 acknowledge that you have fomething like argument to op- 
 pcfe to the Prcfbyterian fcheine and flill more if you fhew that 
 any BiOiop had a number of coiigregations and paftors un- 
 der him who were fubjefted to his fpiritual jurifdidJlion. 
 Every Bifiiop is a Prelbyler but every Prcfbyter is not a Bi- 
 Ihop; for no man can receive the latter title milefs he has 
 the charge of a particular congregation. Of courfe your 
 ftatcment regarding the confccration oi' Spottifwood, Lamb, 
 anu Hamilton as Bifliops, in the chapel of London-Houfe, 
 without previous ordination as Preibyters, is nothing to the 
 purpofe. Had they been Prefbyters and ordained anew, 
 the cafe would have been widely different. 
 
 Yoii quote Clement's allufidn to the orders of Priefthood 
 in the Jewish Church, from which you prefume that he ar- 
 gues for a fiinilar order in the Chriitian Miniflry. You 
 ought to have ex trailed the whole pailage, and you would 
 have found that his obje£l was to enforce on the Corinthian 
 Church the duty of fubmiffion to. their paftors, and to im- 
 prefs them with a fenfe of the importance of ecclefiaftical 
 oi-der ; that wi|h this view he refers to the fubordi nation 
 necefiary in military affairs, remarking that fnme are only 
 common foldiers, fome prefects, fome captains of fifties, 
 fome of hundreds, and fome of thoui'ands, every one of 
 whom is bound to keep his own ft?/iion ; and that if any 
 thing is to be deduced from his allufion to the Jewijh Priest" 
 flood, in reference to the order of the Chriftian miniftry, it 
 
 
 
 eourfe there mud be four orders of minifters CQrrefponding 
 
( -^ } 
 
 to the four clafles of military officcrr, to which lie alhfdc*! 
 You quote from Ignatius a {Ksdligc which proves mo!i: dif-^ 
 tiudly that the particular Church acldieflcd, was funiift.edi 
 vith a IJKhop, a Prcibytery, and Deacons, all hearing; a rela-i 
 lion to the fame flock equally clofc and infeparablc, and all' 
 Equally necelfary.to a regular and valid tranlaclion ofitsl 
 affairs. — You make a fhort extra£> from Ircnceus, but if vou 
 examine his various tipillles vou will find him applyin^the 
 terms Epifcopacy and Prelbytery quite indilcriminatcivJ 
 calling Linus, Anaclctus, Cleinena, Sic. at onetime Ii.//wpJ,\ 
 and at another time Prt^/dj/lers, fpcaking in one para'^raph 
 of the Apoflolicdo6"trine'as handed down thnnigh the/7/rayi 
 Jidfi of Bi/Jzous, and in anofi ?r. aa poIJtively affirming that 
 "the fame doftrine was handed down through the fiwceffion\ 
 of Pre/bytcrs* — Your quotation from Tenullian pi-ovesthat 
 t\\t highejl pru^ was a/f^/e in veiled with the right of admini-j 
 ftcring liic ordinance of baptifm, that he was the paflor of al 
 fingle congregation, the Prefident of the AfTembly and of] 
 the Prelbuery or Elderfhip which belonged like hi'inl'elf tol 
 a particular Church.— The amount of Cyprian's teflimony aJ 
 adduced by you, fimply is, that a Paftor'was called a Biniop,] 
 that " the Bifhop was in the Church, and the Church in the 
 Bifliop," and that thofe who went off from the communion 
 of the Church were fchifmatics, and let up conventicles oi 
 diflenting meeling-houfcs for themfelves. — Theodorct ex- 
 plains his own meaning, when, in his Commentary oi 
 I Tim. P,, he makes the following declaration, " The ApoHlea 
 call a Frcfhtjlcr a Hi/hop, as we fhewed when wecxpounde^j 
 the Epiflle to the Philippians, and which may be alfo learnec 
 from this place, for after the precepts proper to Bifhops, he 
 defcribes the things which belong to Deacons. But as I faic 
 ofoL'Ithey called the fame men both Bi/?!rr,sand Vrejbijters:'- 
 . Jeromf s mind has been fully heard, an4 were it not thaj 
 you wuuld fay he wa's in ?< Jit of pnfjion when he wrote \i\\ 
 Comn ''ntary on Titus, 1 would adduce the moft full, ex- 
 plicit, and decided teftimony in favour of Prefbytery fror 
 that part of his Works. You may confuititatyour leifure.- 
 Chryfoftom, from whom you make a very partial extraflj 
 
 expreifea 
 ♦ • See EpiQle to Via«r. BOok uaiaft HweCei, lib. m. cap. e. lib. tvj 
 c»P' 48. 44- 
 
( 59 
 
 exprefles h.mfclf more fully thus, -The Apofilcs havin-c 
 dilcourled coMK-erning the Biftiops, and (Iclcribrd them dc- 
 r anng what they ou«ht to be, and from what they oiiaht to 
 abnain, omitting the order of rrcfl)yfcrs, defccmls 'Jo the 
 Deacons; and why fo. but becaufe between Biflion and 
 Preibyter there IS fcarcely any d^ffeience: and to them is 
 committed both the inftruclion and the .Prcfideno^ of the 
 Chm-ch; and whatever he laid of Bifhops agrees a Ifo to 
 Prefbvters."* But the evidence afforded by Tertullian Cv- 
 pnan. Theodorct, and ChryfoOom, would not affc^ my views 
 on the lubjea, as even in their ^<re, the Church becran to be 
 fomipted by an admixture of human inftitutions. This is 
 Ifully attefted by Jerome, and it is a firon- proof of the 
 ^eaknefs ofyouf fide of the qucftion, that almoft all the 
 Iwitneffes in its favour,Jived a//er the two fi.ft centuries I 
 Ihave iludioiifly avoided bringing forward tefiimonv in favor 
 
 earheft Fathers whofe works are extant, becaufe I am a^inff 
 Iwholly on the defenfive-repelling the mofl wanton attackf 
 I 1 am at a lofs to know in what terms to characterize your 
 Iremark regardmg the General Affemblv. It refembles i,/,/. 
 weft water By con-paring that court to the deliberative Af- 
 iembly of the ancients, the learned Profeffor Only alluded 
 Ito Its /onm, and could that juf^ify your moft childilh and 
 Invidious animadverfion ? Paul and Demonhenes have often 
 Ibeen compared, hut e/o(/uence is alwavs underfiood to be the 
 Ipoint of comparifon, and no one views it as conveyino- •» 
 knfure on the Apoftle, or implying that he was a headei:. 
 When you fpeak of the Confeflion of Faith as Calviniflic 
 mr,gicl/i/ io you forget that Calvin's authority was noi 
 phout Its influence in drawing up the Articles of the Church 
 ot England. The Seventeenth Article, which relates to Pre- 
 pettination, bears the moU ynqueflionable internal evidence 
 01 Its conneaion with that Reformer. The qualifvino daufe 
 ioward theend of it, is nearly copied from Cahin'sln/iitutes 
 land the latter part of it is a liter al tr an flat ion of his caution 
 lagamfl the abule of that doftrine. For evidence of the for- 
 ■imer, fee his Inftitutes ni. <z, 4, 5, compared With the article 
 
 In I f;pift. sd Tim. Horn. n. 
 
 •or 
 
( 6f) ) 
 
 Vov proor of the inltcr rend rlie foMowing, " Troinde, h\ 
 reburaj;endis, ^\ e.'l nobis perfpicicnda Dei volunfas quam 
 veibo iuo declnnt. • Fiirthcrmore, in our dain^rs thut will 
 of God is to be lbllf)wed, which we have exprelsly dcojarcfl 
 to us in the zvt^rd of God."* Hooker, whole name yoti ititro- 
 duce moic than once with-profoiind rcfpei:!, and who was :\ 
 r/^/r/ epifcopalian, fays of Calvin, "\ think him the wifi-ifc 
 man the French Chinch did enjov, fince the h(/iir it enjoyed 
 him. His brint^in^ up was tn the (hidy of thd civil law. Di- 
 vine knowledge he «j;athcRd, not by heaving or reading, fa 
 much as by teaching others. For though th >ulandsVere 
 debtorsto him, as toucln, ;j knowleflge in that kind ; yet hcj 
 to none, but only fo Cod, rhc author of that molt blelled 
 fountain, the Book of LilV- ; and of the admirable dexterity 
 of wit, together with the'h-lp of other Jearning, which were 
 hisguixJcs." And in the tame preface to his Ecclefiafiiffal 
 Polity he alio fays, " Two things of principal moment therfs 
 are which have (lef(rvf(i/i/ procured him honour tJiroughoui 
 the zcor/(l; the one his exceeding pains in compofing the 
 hijlilutions of Chri^ian JMlginn ; ihe other, his no let'i 
 jnduflrious travels for expolition of Holv Scripture according 
 unto the fame InJIiliitions."' Such was my " progenitor 
 Calvin" in the opinion of onp who was not warped by pre- 
 judices againft the very nnma of that Reformer, becaufc of 
 the anflerify of thofiS^|inets which are afcpbed to him, though 
 id reality taught bt Wher long before Calvin appeared; 
 and becaufc of his fuppofed conne6tion with thn Kirk, though 
 in reality he had as much fo do with the Church. 
 
 The only fpecimcns of your critical powers with which 
 you have favored us, involve both errors and fallacies. You 
 may call us Prefl)yterinus for any reafon you pleafe, for we I 
 certainly do not admit of the aut'hority of Biftiops as diftin6l 
 from, and fuperior to, Vrejhyicrs. Kay, we maintain thatj 
 by attending to the original meaning of the words, Prr/hyter, 
 is a more honourable deh'gnation than BiJJiop. The one is 
 exprclTive of authority, the other of duty ; Prefbyfer implies 
 the dignity and power of a rn/cr, Bilhop conveys the idea of 
 ieor/c, or of executing a prefcrihed iajk. — Your remarks on 
 
 * Ir.fiit. X. 17. 5. Article Seventeenth. 
 
 ^ -.x-^i. 
 
 '\ 
 
( 81 ) 
 
 l' bour^-n The w„^ Ih h!a™ '"" "T?. "'' '^''''^'^. <'»"'e that 
 
 them " T ni, jj ; '^'^'"fes, have been entangled bv 
 Tncm. I may add a /ew words from Dv Whh-.l.r.r , i ' 
 
 or h*t " -„,< *i t . -^ „ •' ^'"o uiKiiiioie ne was no* " 
 
 i-enfe^when I,, ufe/.h exl'pr'-'rf fmo^.f ?■?' 'T'"",1 
 ^■ho ftudv well af th*. TTnf, „ r» ! '""'"^ '^^'' **^a^ al 
 
 mean that a//do not nnnlv *u c V^ ^ tncology, I nuift cither 
 the moft acnuin** f^nr« k u- V; f^^^ ^ conlcfs that io be 
 
 John Calv „ wLn I fnir/ '' '° '?''^ ''''P ''■•'"" ''""^l 
 
 pofed ,0 refer ,„ ,he '^L^ orVii;; f/'lTn"^ Y 
 caureitisnrohahFp fvr.«, a"x> *fc/oyiery oi L} lira, be- 
 
 Timchy (oThe Apome fjlV' 'V' I""^?' ■'""^■nended 
 
 Ephefuf i. he^^^ea t an ' cSjefl,', :f ^^''''.'''^''''''P "^ 
 
 Bri»haa^t^t^c\'''">'^ 
 
 EpheA., needed n^Aot vet^.l'lL'^f L«'! J^*- i^.-S 
 
 • Prclca ap Oldioclav, p, 681. P ^ ^^ 
 
 ./- 
 
( C5 ) 
 
 K|)!iefas, !o oppolo the lalle tcachcir.. His ordlnaiion us 
 BiOiop of Fphelus, and his acceptance of ihat office, fixed 
 him thrre.* — You fay thrt< " the (Jieek word prcn)utcrioii 
 (i.';ninesiihc oRicc arid llation, as well as a coir<.'<.5C or nnmhct' 
 of Prelhyters." lint, with all due defcreiue to aiUiiorities 
 not infaU'thk, I would aik you, if the term prcfbufcrion is to 
 fcc found in S( ripture, in the \vritinj!;s of tij^c j)iimitive Fa- 
 thers, and j)nrtir;iiarr> in the work of Ignatius towhiclnoii 
 refer, as n;>tiiryin<^ anv thino; elfe than a Coui^cil of Prciby- 
 ters. Hig lan;iu.T;j;e in this cafe miift be interpreted con- 
 fidently with hiii Iangua«c in other cafes, and if he fays, in 
 his Ej)inie to the Chinch at Smyrna, Sec. s, " it is not lawful 
 vithout the bilhop, either to bapti/c or celebrate the holy 
 • omnmnion," are we not fairly lea to conclt'de th..t hi?i Prcs^ 
 lyii'is c(i\\\dk. not have been the //^/yi<; with thofc who bear 
 that title in modern epifcopal churches, who, in virtue of 
 their original commiffion, and without anvfubfequent power, 
 critcndcd to (hem by the Bifhop, have authority at al! times, 
 and in al! places, when called upon, to adminillcr both Rap- 
 tilm and the lord's Suppct. By the I <mc rules I intcipret 
 Chrvfonom's fentiment:^, thou«i,h yow mention him as fa- 
 vorable to your views, for what is his language in his Com- 
 mentary on Titus, I. 5. ? " That thou ma) eft ordain Elders," 
 iays the Apoll:!e : he means Bi/hops. " In every city," fays 
 he ; for he would not have the xcJiole IJland committed to one 
 Wffw ; but 'hat every one Ihould have and mind his own 
 proper cure ; for fo he knew the labour would be eafier \o 
 him, and the people to be governed would have more care 
 taken of them ; fMue their teacher would not run about to 
 govern rtiany churches ; but would attend to the ruling of 
 one only, and fo would keep it in good order." It is a fin- 
 gularfafl that Jerome, to whom you /7//b appeal on this fub- 
 je£l, thus tranilates the very paifage, i. Tim. iv. 1 4. " Noli 
 Jiegligcic gratiam cpue in te eft, qux tibi data eft prophctia, 
 per impofitionem mnnuum Prelbyterii," and exprelsly ad- 
 duces the pafTage to prove that Biftiops and Prefb\ters are, 
 bv divine riohr. equnf. 
 
 Your Qilitr idea, that the word prefbuterior. fignifies the 
 
 nlii 
 
 im 
 
 • Sec M'Night in loc. 
 
is a mat , „ r i. f'"'™''''"' '" -hf lli'ane ofGre.it Britaia 
 
 'fo'/y, and atZce ;?(,! '""'»''t.o,..3 vera introduced%i 
 
 ■llawci., Ve w o ,^ n' t'"-' ''"';: ""d M„n,eim, Gibbon. 
 'I" nm in «;/M ":rj / "™"' '?'^''"'''''''>' ^"'""Sl' ''«^y 
 
 f"^iJ;-.r,:,.iea,^:r;n^Sfe;;t.!:nce"'^'' ""^ """^^'^ 
 I .ece ed Z't n'' ' P'-'^''"'"'''!''^ i» ">= '""Soft Lefer vo„ o-cr 
 
 M'emarks, cir^.lk LvSr^h'" " '°P'".'--"l''"«d in your J ■ 
 i-yterv ber-„,r„ r f°"''"S '''^ ■•"?»'««// in favour of Prcl- 
 lU, eVo , viiui. IP?'--"'' -f '■"Jl' P^'verfe .lifpntati, . 
 
 1 Iher dn I lul'^y 7 } ""^^ ""' '""•" ^f eonlroverfv nei 
 
 ' ' .*»v*«n» /~"'r "„'-''• "■■ '"^ ti"t'<^^nii"ns of your mind n*. 
 extent of your .nforntation, . hefitate ..d-skZaC. 
 
 to , 
 
'i 
 
 ( c; ; 
 
 to meet you at any gi\ en pcint of atiacK. Befdive taking up 
 
 Iho pen, :ind fincc I i)cua!i to write, 1 hu\e often thoH>;ht ot 
 
 tl.c .'Motives which coiilcl liavc induced you to aroufe from its 
 
 ,ili;nihers i'iich a hateful rontroveify by retiuding my v.ork in 
 
 i^s progrcfsto oblivion, and cr.'liinr, the attention of the pub-- 
 
 ■Jic ar lar^e to its uninterclling but harmJejs details. Did you 
 
 wijh an opportunity of exhibiting to the world a fpecimcu of 
 
 ycJur talents } In thi^; you have lamentably fnikd, For before 
 
 the appearance of your work many \vmc difpoi'c'^d to elafa 
 
 yon with tl\ofc dark lanterns which have light in tJitm/'rlve: 
 
 though they impart little to other-;. Did vou i;nagine that f 
 
 iad been too. ryecerafiii in difpclling the gloom which ha^ 
 
 hillierto iiir.uundc:^! tiie Scottill? lieformcrs and the Chnrch 
 
 v;iiich they were ho.iored to eiiaulini? I \n\\\ that fuch bafa 
 
 cifieiiipta to arr:;!!: iiic progreio of light have been fignally 
 
 f.'altraied and crnfhcd for ever. Did you feel a fccret 'vini 
 
 '■♦ik 1 1 flio'dd a^taiii " the liappinefs/'as vou cxprcfs ;f, of fee- 
 
 iniJ the iuperior excellence cf thole principles which you 
 
 pr-jrej's, and of »bo:'e forms to which you adhere ' -''!■,! 
 
 The f \..i.;pk'V w^h'jch you give of their pracll';a! in.:!iisnce ;: 
 
 iiui iult io amiable as to awaken attachinent, and vou nn-lt be 
 
 well aware w.at it is aot in human nature to he laJJied \v\o 
 
 iifle?Uen. I '^vould beg leave to recommend to yourfcrioti-: 
 
 attention (he language of vonr Ihvonte licoker, " The time 
 
 will eome >\lta a /i-t., u'y/'cA; fpoken with meeknefL-. luirni'i*^- , 
 
 'and love, (lia'i be more acceptable ih:x'aiohinws of contrur r/ r; 
 
 \vhich commonly d^i^roy cliarily, the very heft part of liiif 
 
 "■icii^ioti.'l Villi if .you have come to Britifli Colonics with 
 
 that intemperate zeal about modes oj faith ^nwAforniH of zcor- 
 
 y/iip wiii'h yuu have inoR unguardedly exprefled, and wlddi 
 
 ivou' 1 have difgraccd the darkefl age of popifli dominatior-, 
 
 i would advtfe y.ju as a friend, and as a chrillian, to retire to 
 
 the ,^;!en.s and mountains of your native count;-}, v.'hcie you 
 
 ^vill live lifpCcted, be> aufe you will live u:iki:oii^n. 
 
 I am. Sir, 
 
 With nil due refpcn. 
 
 Your obedient Servant, 
 
 GKORGE 15LHM.. 
 Saint Juh'L J/ril uh, 1318. 
 
BeiiiYe taking up 
 
 often lhou^':!;hi ot 
 to aroule from its 
 rdino my v/ork in 
 ;nrioii oftlte |3ub~ 
 deUiiis, i^id you 
 irld a fpecimcn of 
 • fniled, f'oi- before 
 
 dii"po!c'='d to clals 
 gl.t in tJitml'rlve: 
 on i:nagine that I 
 gloom which hc;^ 
 
 and the Church 
 ■uft that inch bai's 
 ave been i:£,n?.!lv 
 feel a fccret '■.if!'. 
 cxprefs -r, ofiee- 
 cip'es wliich y 
 1 adhere ? 
 
 :. 1 
 
 1!,i« 
 
 ci/'li! in::uence ;: 
 , and V oil niult \:z 
 to be laJJied Inta 
 id to yourfcrion- 
 jker, " The time 
 ^eknefL-. hurni^'^; . 
 ?ics of conlrvtrf'r^ 
 ' he]} part of /ria 
 ifii Colonies with 
 ■xwAjorniH of zcor- 
 refTed, and w!ti(.!i 
 )pini domiriatioi', 
 liian, to retire to 
 Linsr), whcio you 
 kr.oion. 
 
 .■%i, 
 
 iH 
 
 * 
 
 >/,, 
 
 
 
 
 v^ 
 
 
 .•»?'vC 
 
 .'4.1 
 
 ■^''^t,':*^ 
 
 >. Uv 
 
 '"r.-v 
 
 ,1^1 
 
 /?^ 
 
 Servant, 
 
 E BUHNi.. 
 
 «;^*^^-'iy: