IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // /_ 5r ^/^ 1.0 I.I 1.25 2.8 |50 ill 1^ i. J. 1.4 6" il2£ IIIIIM 1.6 C Sciences Corporation 33 WtST MAIN STREET WSBSTER.NY. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 ^% m V ^\^ ^ o ^ .^ ^ (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to righ! and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplaire film6 fut ruproduit grdce d la g6n6rosite de: ^ Bibliothdque nationale du Canada Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet6 de l'exemplaire filmd, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. 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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. rrata :o 3elure. 1 d 3 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 i-'i:^tt2-itAX\itl- '^i.. T 11 k II • I'liliialtJ ii SYSTEM OF GEOGRAPHY, KHIl TIIK / li$iE OT SCHOOLS. ILLl'STIl A'I'll) WITH MORE THAN FIFTY CEROGRAPIIIC RIAPS, AND NUMEROUS WOOD-CUT ENGRAVINGS. R V SIDNEY E. MORSE, A.M. NEW YORK: PUBLISHED BY HARPER & BROTHERS, No. 82 CLIFF STREET. 1S49. DIRECTIONS TO THE TEAfllER. 1. Keep tlio ])iipil upon the Definitions nnd Explanations on the fii-st four pages until lie is thoroughly arquainted with them. a. Go tluough the volume with the Questions and Exercises on the maps, leaving the other matter tor a second course. 3. At first the pu])il may answer the questions on the map with the map helore him ; afterward, at the discretion of the teacher, with or without the book. 4. The teacher should not confine himself to the questions in the hook. Let him ask these first, and others afterward. On the ma|) of the child's own state and vicinity, especially, it will he well to he minute. 5. In the General and Comparative Views, we have commonly so framed the questions as not to retpiire that numbers should be com- mitted to memory. In asking additional (piestions on the tables the teacher must exercise in this respect a sound discretion. 6. In the questions on the maps, words ])rinted in italics are to be rejjeated in asking the questions immediately succeeding. 7. To facilitate the task of the teacher, nnd sometimes to remove a possible ambiguity in the map. the name which constitutes the an- swer to a question is often intimated by giving the initial and final letter. EXPLANATIONS OF FiaUHES AND CHARACTERS ON THE MAPS. 1. F 2. I< ;). c. 4. ( igiires on tlio maps nlfarlipd to loum.i donofo the nnmlipr of fhousands of the populntion igures nttnrlied to riirrs clenotn the lengtli in liundretls of miles. ounti-ies on the border ot' those wliir'ii nie tlie siiSject ol'the miip lire (jivcn eilliei in open letter, tluis: '! npilnis of countries, eountj towns, i-iiilronda, euiinls, iVc, are distinguished In- tlie t'ollowini; murks ■ Ciipitnls ofrouiitfies are desigiinted thus . ^. g County towns . . . . . • V ' < hher towns ...... ,^ t'nnnls ....... _ •'iiilronils mwmKihWUI oiul of navigation ..... ^ "ii.Taif:n)H^ NEW YORK. Ijit.Te.l. iircfu-cliiiK t.i Art iif Congress, iu llio year ICIt. Iiy IIuirKit .V lUi.inini-, in tlie d.-il;-. (Mil,, .it'the S.iiitlierii District el fNew Vcjrk. ;her, with le ina|) of 1 be corn- 's the an- PREFACE, The first Geography ever printed in America waa prepared by the author's father (the late Rev. Dr. Morse), and pub- Hshed at New-Haven, Conn., in 1784. For many years Dr. Morse's works were the only text-books on Geography used in our schools and colleges. The name of the author was iirst associated with that of his father in the twenty-second edition of the School Geography published at Boston in 1820. Between that date and 1828 (two years after the death of Dr. ISIorse), five editions of the School Geography were published, the number of each edition varying from 10 to 20,000 copies. It was while the book was in this extensive de nand that its puidication was suspended, chiefly because the other rfvocations of the surviving author did not allow him the time necessary for its proper revision. He always intended, how- ever, to resume the publication, when circumstances should favor, and the present work is the accomplislunejit of the long- cherished design. Among its prominent ciiiiractoristics are the following : 1. The Allan gcinoit is such that the Map, Uucstions on the Map, and Description of each country, are on the same page, or on pages directly opposite, enabling the pupil to refer readily from one to the other, without the inconvenience of two books, or even the necessity of turning the l(>af 2. The Maps are 7nore 7iumerons, and generally on a larger scale than in any other School Geography. 3. The Exercises nn the Map are so framed as to present a connected view of the great features of each country. 4. The Descriptions are in a series of short paragraphs, written in concise style, and confmed to the most interesting and characteristic matter. 5. The correct Pronunciation of difficult names is indicated bv dividing into svHables, accentins, &c. G. The General and Coinparatice Views at the end of the voliune are on the plan first introduced by the author iu 1820, and since adopted in many other School Geographies. They are regarded as well fitted to exercise and strengthen the judgment. 7. The new art of Cerography is applied for the first time to the illustration of a work of this kind, and enables the pub- lishers to sell it at a very low price. The whole work is the result of long and careful study, and is intended to impress upon the mind of the student such cutlines of geography as will form the best foundation for farther and extensive acquisitions. 1) i; r I N 1 T I () N s A X i> i; .v v i, a .v a t i o n s. WESTERN HEMISPHERE EA STERN HEM ISPHERE DEFINITIONS AND EXPLANATIONS. 1. Geo>;rapliy is a ilt'scriptioii Dl'tlic uiutli. 2. TIr; L'liitli is !i y;ri'iU gldlie, splioiv, or ball, cninpos^'d of liitul ami water. 3. Alioiit Olio (luartcr of tlie surface is land, and tlireu (iiuirliM'.s water. NuTK. — 111 t}u' limp nt" tile world and tin' ntlicr mnps iiisprtod , tlic ILdil i>un^ rupruiiciit liind, nritl the dark jmrts, 'A'litor. 12. A iiiiiinlain is a porlii)ii of land elevated to ' a great lieii;lit above tlie .■iiirroiiiidiii'.f coiintrv. W'lieii the land rises to a small heiirht, it is caljt'd i abuvc Qiiffftinns. — 1. Wlint is L'ent.Tfi]>liy ? 2. Wimt is tlio enrtii ? 01" wliitt IS It coiiipoaed t U. Huw niui-h til' tiiu surliu'c is laud, and liow muidi water i [Tlic teaclier may In're speak (if tlie sun. nimiii. and .stars as also great uluiies or wurldH, like tin; earth, niuviui.' tlinMli:h spare like balls tliriiu-.rh the air. He may iilsu speak id' the i'ureu ot' trravitatiini, hy wliieh all bodies on the surt'aee are drawn as by a [lowerful magnet toward the cijiitre ol' tliesii |-lobes, so that ships, steeples, and niouiitaius, on opposite sides ol' the earth, and pointiinr toward o|>posite points iu the heavens, are all tirinly supported, and men may go all round the world like ants rtund an orau-^'e without talluig oH'.] I, DIVISIONS or THE LAND, 4. The land is divided into coiiliiieiils and isl- ands. /). A antlini'iit is a great extent of land nowhere entirely separated by water. at some distance from the shore, where shijis may safely ride at tmclior. -•''■ A xlniit is a narrow passage between two a lull. A i-tillfi/ is a hollow or low place between bodies of water, hills or mountains. | yti. A r/nnind is a wide passage between two K A folviiiio is a niomitain that throws out bodies of water. A channel so shallow that the fire, smoke, melted lava, .Vc. Tl peniiig from bottom miiy be found by sinking u ship's lead is winch the tire, fiv., issues is called tlic cnifn: i called a su'//iil. M. A roaxt or .i/iorc is the margin of land bor- i 27. A riri;- is a large and long stream of wa- dering on the water. |ter. .'^mall streams are called brooks, cmks, or 1.). A ili'wrt is a lanje tract of sand or rovk' rin/h'tx. •aliara, ir (ireat )V ! where nothing will grow, as tin ' Desert of Africa. I 10. An o(/xis is a fertile spot surround the desert, like an island by tii '.I. What is a peninsula > 10. I What is an isthmus .' II. What is a I'ape ! What is a prom- ontory ! 1-J. What is a mountain ? a hill ! a valley I I'l. What is a voleaiKp / a erater .' H. What is r, coast or shore/ 15. I What is a desert ( HI. What •' an oasis ( II. DIVISIONS OF THE 'WATER. ' 17. The great body of salt water on tin; globe is called the *a or ocfiin. The great divisions C. There are two continents, the Eastern and of the sea are also called oceans. 18. There are five oceans : viz., 1. Tlio Pa- ri/ir, called also tlie .South .Sea ; 2. the Atlanlic ; .'J. the IiuUaii ; -1, till! ,1«Y«-, or Xorthern ; 5. the Antarctic, or .Soutliern. 19. A sra is a large body of salt water nearly Western. N'oTK. — .Some ceocraphers also call yewHollanr] arontinent; find the grttat liody ot' land recently discovered near the riouth pole has been called the Soutberu continent. 7. The strand diriaUmn of the Eastern conti- nent are Europe, Asia, and Africa, The grand inclosed by land, divisions of the Western continent are North j 20. An rtr^////;(7rtir" is a sea filled with islands, America and South Ame-ica. | ai. A lake, is a' broad expanse of fresh wa- 8. An inhuid is a small body of land entirely ter surrounded, or nearly surrounded, by land. Burrounded by water. .Small lakes are called ponds. 0. A jmnnnuhi is a portion of land almost sur- ; 22. A h(ui is a part of an ocean, sea, or lake rounded by water. Cxteiidi.ig into the land. Large' bays are often 10. An isthmiix is the narrow neck which joins called aulfn. two bodies of land, | s.i. Small lays so encircled by the lan.l as to 11. Acrt/jcis theend orpoint of abodyof land^be protected from winds and tfie swell of the projiH'ting into the sea beyoml the general line of | sea, and where sliijis may anchor with safety, are the co,a,st. If the land at the point is high uv ^cMvd jmrtx, liarhors, ,,r lini-fiis. rocky, it is called a promontnr;/ or headland. j 24. A road or rnnd.strad is a part of the open 28. 'J'he hiisiii, or vallvi/, of a river is the tract "country fiiuii which it derives its water. The 'ridge which dividi's the basins of rivers is called I the iratvr-sliiil, or luiitltl of land. 2il. The liaiil;s of a rirrr are the land bordering I on it on both sides. Tli.' riulit hank- is the bank on the riirht-hand sid" as yon descend the stream; ■ and the bank on the opposite side is the left bank, I ;iO. The |iart of a river where the water jiasses swiftly over rocks, or (dlier obstructions in the channel, is called ike rapids of the river; and when; it rushes down a steeji place, or over a ])recij)ice, tki falls or aitarart. I ;il. The mouth of a rirer is the tei-iniiiation, |\vlier(^ it enters into a sea, lake, or other river, I .'!2. .Sonu' rivers divide into several streams, and enter the sea tliroiiuh many mouths, and the tri- angular space embraced by these streams is call- ed ///(• ])vlt -.'1. a road or niadslead / ■-'.'>. a strait .' id. a chaiinelT a sound 7 ST. a river? a bn«ik ? 'Js. the basin or valley of a riv- er ? the watershed? '-'U. Wiiat are the banks of a riv.rt 'Whiib is tiie rifht bank ( Mi. W hat arelbi' rnpidsol a nver J the falls ? :il. What is the nu.uth of a river ? oa. What is the delta of a river? :i;i. What is a frith ? J4. What is a canal ? f 1) K F I N I T 1 O N a A N I» K X V I- A S A T I O N S. NOKTHIRI SOUTHERNHEMISPHERC (Ti> rnnM' thrfi' ili'tuillKins cif llic .lilViTi-iit 1mi.Iii'«(iI IiiikI nnil j wiiliT iniiri' iiilrlliL'ilile. Ilic tiMii'hi'r niiiy ri'liT tin' |iu|>il to riyiTS ■ 01- iMiuiks mill piHiiU ill liiB iiwli vic-iiiily, pciililliii; ciut tlii^ lil,'li'| liiiyn. iMMiinmiliin, rnprs. isll »i'». isliuiils, slrnils, &i-., wliicli ||n"ri> iir iiii II mniiM nciili', iiiiil inkiiiu' i|Ui'sliiiiis ri'.H|ifi-liii^' Uiem till sutisliiMl timt the iliilil tliciiuuKlilv iiiiuprihi'iicla Ilium.] i 11. Tlic;Wc.v (iff/ir earth nio the ivvo ends of throiit,'!! the pciius nf the earth, and cutting the its axis: one is culled the North Pole, and the equator at riniit aiii;h's. ! other tlie Smith Pole. I 47. Tliey/zAV W(77(//((« is tliat from which longi- 4^'. The niolion oftheearlhriiiiTiil its axisraiises Itide is reckniied. ■(Jdi/ iind iiia/if. Jf the eiiith ilid not move round; 4S. TUo Kiin/cni and Wintirn hcrnhjihem nrc 'its axis, the half toward the sun woidd have con- the lieiiiisiiheres into which tlie world is divided 'slant day, and the other half constant nii,dit. |liy a meridian passing lietweeii tiie Eastern and 4.'i. The inoiion of the eartli round the sun, in connection witli tlie inclination of the axis of the' carlh to tlie plane of its orbit, causes the iiiii-c<:snii,ii 11/' the sidsu/is — Spring, Suiiiiiier, Autumn, and Winter. [Til niiiki' till' ni.]|iniis of tin' i-nrtli iiiti'lliL'ilili' to llio rliil.l, tlic ti'iirlii'r sliiiulil hIiiiw liiiii ii izliibi' prupcrly muuiiteil ; or, in tin; iilisf ni'i^ of a L'liilu', liii limy list! an iipplu, oriiimL', or liali. willi ft KtmiL'lit wii-o pnssiiiL' tlil'niiL'll its ci'liln'. He liiny then i-xpjjtili, lliiit till' wilt! is tlif iixiH ; tliiit tliii axis is u iliiimrliT ; tliiit tin; two I'liils ot till! axis an* tliu jiolfs ; anil liy pIliciiiL' a i-aliitli' ut a i ilistaiiiN', Hiul I'liiisiiii: till' ball to ri'vidvo iiriniii(i its axis, \w can > rasily illusti'iiti- tin- pjifiionii'iiaotday ami iiii.-lit, suiiriso, sunset, I mill niHin. To illiistriiti,* tlif siirri'ssinn of tiiu si'asoiia will \c liltii'iill, anil iinli-ss tliu I'liilil is ot siiitaliii- ai:i- ami riipii Western continents. [Tlie ti'iirlior may licri' point out the numtiir nml meriilinn liiifs on ft fliilir ; or. ilTie lias no i:loln\ ninv pass astriiiL' rtmml an apple or liall to represent the einuitor, ami other stritiL's at riL'lit niiL'les tn represent iiieriilians ; anil may then cut the apple ill tuo ei|uiil iMirtu at the eipialor to show the Northern and Soiithem lieinisplieres, or in the ilireefion of one of the uierid- ians to show the Eastern ami Western hemispheres.] I 4'.». If a circle is divided into ;i(iO e<|iial parts, one of these jiarts is called a ilvanr. If a degree is ilivided into (30 ci|ual j.arts, one of these parts is called a viinute ; and the sixtieth jiart of a minute is called wseconih I Nil IK. — Deirrees, minutes, and scronils are marked thus : 32-* 11 -i/', wliieli means :i-J decrees. It minutes, and 26 seeonds. lilv, it need not he altenipleil. If it slmilld he altempteil, the - ;, , . leaeher will hear in mind that the axis of the earth is inehneil to i I" the follo-vim; eirele. the part trom .N to h. hemi; one qiiar- Ihe plane of lis i.rhit at an aiiL-le of o-i :i-,'' ; that ill everv |niit of , ter, is 90 deuTees, and tins part lieinu' siilalivided luto nme equal Its orhit the axis is parallel to itself poiiiliii-- lU all times loHanl parts, eai'li ol these |iarts n lU dek-rees. the North star, vvliieh is al an ineiiiii'eivjihh' distiinee in iht ivens trom t'very part of our rioliii system. III. MOTIONS or THE EARTH. I!;'). The earth or t;lolie is alnmt MKIO miles in diameter, and y.'),()(IO ill circumference. , . . j, , ,, .i ,,,, ,. ,. 11- . • 1 * 1' heavens trom ever\' part ol our boliii svsteiii. He iiinv then eiv- ,!(). 1 he (iHimctir ot a ulolie is any straisrlit line |,|„|„ ,|,„t d,,,,^ ^^-^^^ „,■ ,|„, ^l„^,^ „re hottest upon whieh the passim' lhroui;h the centre, and teruiinaled by the' rays of the sun strike most direetly; and he iimy show how r '^ ,1 .,..;.,;!,. ' I iniieh more direitlv these ravs strike upon the northeni hemi- surluci^ on the oppoMte sl.lcs. I sphere in mid.sunnner than in" midwinter This is shown impcr- 1(7. The nirruiiijirinrc ot a i^lolie is any circle feetlv. Imt still intelligihly, in the liyure illustrating the neasom whoUV rounil it on the surface, and'"' il"|''»i''" I'"'--''! ^ " | iffhe L'lohe for its centre I Q""''"".<.~-i'' What is the size of the earth' m. What is I int. l,lont. lol Its (.lIlK . ihe diameter of a L-li>he I MT. What is the eireuiifereiiee of a ' ,'!S. A himiyihf/r is tlie hall ot a ololie. 30. The earth has two motions: lirst, it that jiasses ha.s the centri spins round on its axis, like a top, once every ilay ; and, eecoridly, it moves round the sun once every year. I elohe ! 3S. What is a hemisphere? 31'. How many motion: ; has the earth .' 4iJ. What is the axis of the earth .' 41. What I are the |ioles of the earth ! fi. What is the elfeet of the miikion o( tho earth round its axis? What if the earth did not move on its axis / iJ. What eaiises the sileee.ssion of the seasons ! IV. CIRCLES ON THE GLOBE. 44. The I'lpiiitor is an iniairiiiary circle passiii round the earlh on tlie surface, and every wher equally distant from the two poles. 4;"). The equatordivides the earth into the Xurth- "■•'• l""""" cm and Soiithfni ho/iix/ihcn'.i ; the Xorthern hemi- s|)here embracing all between the equator and the 40. The «.(•(.« ((/V//ccMf//( is ail imaginary slraiiihtiXorlli rule, ami the Suuthcrn hemisphere all be- lint!, passingthrough the centre, and iirotind which |t\veen the eipiator and the South Vole. it revolvoH once in every twenty-four hours. | 4G. Mtnillans are iniii'.'inary circles passing no. The trojiicf are two circles on the globe parallel to the eiiuator, at the distance of 23 de- U'lees and 2S minutes, one on the north side of the etiiiator, and the other on the south side. X 1 iTK. — I'liniUrl liili's or rircles are lines or eireles which ran in the same direetion, and keeji at the same di-taiii same ili-taiiee fmm eaeh ther, hut never meet. In the tiu'ure helim-. the lines \ B and (' O lines, anil the eireles EFU and I UK, parallel eireles. A- C- _B DEFINITIONS AN!) B X I' f- A N A T Id N S. P urn lie Is u T o 'A 1 ■&— M 1 a s C3 71 I' urn 11,. l8 MrridtanM. PtraMi /Jl. Tile tiiipic Oil llic north .siiliM)ftli(! ('(luiitdr IS ciillod till! /n//)ic uf Cancer, iiii'l the tiopli: on llic Mouth siile of the I'limitor, the tropic oj' Capricorn. |Tho wonl lro]nc ia fnim n Urin-k wurcl «ii/liifyiiiL' //Wiirn, be- ruust' when tlio iim Ht in«m in vertit-nl (or liirt'cily over lu-nth to tilt* iiilinhitnnts dii citlier of tlirno rirclpii, it ii|j[ifnrM In Htun, un'i|ualnr (oriujiliT tint Iim-, in it inoliuii callod) about tho 'JlBt of Mari'li ami liUt of .SoptcmliiT, auil uii-. AvT the tnjpic of Caprifuni on tbt: -'tut of Iti*ci'nil»»T. Whon tbo gun nt nn is iliroctly over tlic tMjitator, the iliiyti and iiigbtK are tMnial all over tbo i?lobt', and tboMi' tiinen are, Iberefore, ealled t'iniruixfs. Knml tlio period of the venial etjiiiiiox (Mareh 'JlstI the days, north of the equator, are ahvavM more than VX hours long, and continually un)wini,' lonncr til* .lime 'JUt, when tbo Bun arrives at our lunnner sotstiee, and from that period they pniw eontinually shorter till Uueembor Jlst, when tliu sun ar- rives at the winter solstice.] S2. The polar circles arc two rirclos on tho plobe, around tho two poles, at the distance of 23 degrees and 28 minutes. The iinme of the north- ern polar circle is the Arctic circle ; and that of the southern polar circle, the Antarctic circle. Qiirtliom. — ii. What is the equator? 4,'i. Wbatis the iiorth- eni beniispbere f the southern heininpliere ? 41). What are meridians \ 47. What is th« 6rst meridian ? 48. What are the Kastem and Westerji hemispheres 7 49. What is a deu'i-ee 7 a minute 7 a seicnid 7 What U the mark for a ileuTce 7 for a minute 7 for a second 7 .'lO. What are the tnipics f What are paralli.d lines or circles? .11. What is the tropic of I'ancer 7 the tropic of f'apricorn? .'■'.>. What are the polar circles 7 What is the Arctic cin-le? tho Antarctic circle 7 ] NoTF. — The tiL'ure of the circles L'iven alstve r-presents, as nearly ns is possible on a Hut surface, one half -. . the eiiuatur, tropics, and jiolar circles. V. ZONES. .53. The Zones are the divisions of the earth's surface, inaile hy the two tropics and two polar circles. They are culled zones liecause tliev en- compass the earth like zones or helt.s. 54. There are /ire zcries : one Torrid, two Temperate, and two F'Icrid. or}. The Torrid zone is the part of the earth's surfacebeiween the tropic of t'ancer and the tropic of Capricorn. The Xort/iern Temperate zonc\s\\\e part between the tropic fjf Cancer and the Arctic circle ; and the Southern Temperate zone, the jjart between the tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic circle. The Xort/n'rn Frii^iil zone is tin.' part be- 1 tween the Arctic circle and the North I'ole ; and tho Southern Frisfiil zone, the jiiirt between the Antarctic circle and tho South I'ole. 56. The .«(/« in the Torrid zone at noon is seen directly, or almost directly, over the heads of the inhabitants ; and the heat is very ificat. .07. TUe dai/x and niishts in the Torrid zone are always uearly ei|ual. Th<; .sun rises not far from six o'clock, and sets not far froin six o'clock, all! the year round. | 58. The sun in the Teinjiernte zones is never seen at noon directly over the heads of the inhab- itants, but in some part of the zones, a? some sea- j sons of the year, 1; is seen at every other elevation from the level of tho horizon upward. 1 59. The temperature iff the Temperate zones is variable ; in the parts of the zone iK^ar the polar circles, very cr.ld in winter, nnd in tho parts near the tropics, very hot in summer ; but, on the whole, it is leinperale, as the name implies, and favorable to the growth of the most iisi.'fid vege- tables and animals. (JO. The daijs and nii;hts in the Temperate zones are very unequal, especially in the jiarts near the polar circles, where tho day is nearly 21 hours long in midsummer, and tho night nearly 24 hours long in midwinter. 01. The sun in the Friaid zones does not set for a certain number of days in siiiiinier, but aji]iears to move all round the horiztm, and never rises for a certain number of days in winter. At the poles tho sun is six months above and six months below the horizcui. G2. Tho temperature of the Fris^id zones is so cohl that nothing can grow there except a few plants in the parts nearest to the Temperate zones, and even tho few men that live there are of a dwarfish size. Snow and ico cover luiid and sea duiing nearly the whole year. [The teacher should here dwell uimn the fact that heat du. pends chiefly on the anudt; at which t'. ■ sun's rays strike tlie earth ; that where the sun is hiudi alnive tlu^ horizon, and the rays ciune dov\-n perptMidi 'ularly, or nearly so, the heat ia very (.n-eat, and that wlicre the sun is low, or near the horizon, it has little (Hiwer. lie may then illustrate by tbt; tliai^rain Indow how jMiwerbd the sun must be in the Torrid zone, and bow feeble in the I'^riL'iil zone. The oilu-r facts stated aUtve are also illustrated by tlio rliagriun 1 Zimct parallel with the ei|uator. They are all, of course, smaller than the eipiator, and continuully dimiiii.ih ns you approadi the poles. til). The lonifitude of a place is its distnnco from the first meridian, either east or west, reckoned in degrees on the ecpiator. In the highest longitudo there are one liiiii(bed and eighty degrees. t)7. The teni^th o/'a dei^ree ii/' lons^ituile on tho equator is sixty geographiciil, or sixty-nine and a quarter statute miles; on the parallel of liO^, thirty geographicul miles, ur one half us iniiny as on tho equator. C8. The /c«4'/// of a ilet^ree of latitude is always sixty geographical, or sixty-nine and a quarter statute miles. Qiimtinnt. — K], What is latituile 7 C4. What places are in north latitude 7 How many decri-ea in the hiubest latitude 7 ll.'i. What are parallels of fiililudi^ 7 (111. Wiiut is Inneitudi> ? How many decrees in the hicbest lonu-itude 7 li;. ll7/»/ i.« Ihe /eav/A et''l(/ei'rcce/"A,«ir;yM*/c on the equator ,' on the parallel of CU ' 7 W. What IS the lenijlh of u dei,-ree of latitude 1 VII. POINTS or COMPASS. 69. Thpsensildehorizon is the small circle which bounds our prospect, where the sky and land, or water, set^m to m(>et. The real horizon, or the horizon of the globe, is the great ciicle parallel to tho sensible horizon, which divides the earth into two hemispheres. Qi/rslinns. — .'n. What are the zones 7 why are they called zones 7 ;i4. How nuuty zones are there 7 .'ij. What, iir where, is the Torrid zone 7 the Northern Tiuuperale zone ? the Soulb- eni Teinperiilo zone 7 the Nortfieni Frigid zone / ibu iSoutbern Frit'td zone 7 .Mi. How does the ann appear at noon in the Torrid zone? .'i~. How do the days and niebts comiuiri; in lenutb iii .be Torrid zone 7 5W. How does the sun appear at thhiii in ibf Temperate zones 7 .'iS. What is the temperature of the Temperate zones 7 of which is divided into four eipial parts, inarked North, Kast, South, und West, each of which is again subdividetl. NoTF. — Here is the j'ictnre of a compass. The number of points ia 32. The four eiirtlinnl or prioeipHl points are North, Kast,.Soutb, and West. The point half way belween North and East is Northeast ; the point ball' way between Fast and .-loiitb, Southeast ; the point biilf way between .^oiitb and Wi'St. iSouth- west ; the point halfway betwi-en West and .N'orth, Northwest , all inarked by their iliitrals ; N.E. for Nortfieast ; 8.E. for cioutli- >i « !< laAtl Oi «, r g 1 1 % )ui [^ ll_ m 1» i: 1' I N I r I O N S AN l> K \ I' I, A \ A I' I O \ S 72. TIki ni:iLjni'lic ncfillc always piiints North Biui Soiilli, rxccpt slinlil vuiiiiliiiijH. j 7.'l. Till! (■(piii|iasH is iiivaliiiibic to llm siiilor. Willi till' coinpiiss to uiiiile him, ho I'uii liuvcl with safety across llio pathless oreaii. Qiii;-itiim>i.~ti I. What is the Ht'iiHililt' Imriznn ? W'lint in tlir mil liiirizcih ? 1 >cm wire niisi'.l -.-.iisn liiuli in llir iiirtlml the H.'iisilih' mill rfiillinri/ttii wuiihl In- the hiiiiic. whnt wii.ihl you i-iill tliii Imiriiflhi' i-'lolif wliii'h \iiii iiMiiil si'i' .' Ityoii wen"' at fithiT lit' till' iKili'S, wliitl Limit cirrh- wnulil hi- tin' rt'ni linriziiii 1 70. W'liiit an- Ihf limr i-anliiml |i(iiiits culled f lluw is the Im- riziiii ilivi.leil In the I'lirilhiul |iiiiiil« ( ~1. What is a i'niiiii!e..s ? Uiiw lire the fmir caniinal puiiitn liiarketl nil the i-diiipiiss ' What are the names nt' the |iiiinls half wav helweeii the riinliiiul [luiiitJ '. ilew are they nilirUeil ? 7-. Whii'li way lines the liiaii'nelie needle point t 7J. Ul" what value is the lUliipass I VIII. MAPS, 7 t. A mi(/i is a rc|iri'.-(titatioii of tlio earth's surface, or sniiii! part of it, oti :i plan ■. '•■>. Ill maps, till' rivers, coasts, ati I other lines are coiiimoiily ilrawii as they woiilil appear to the eye if it were at ii ifreat liei'..;ht in the air, direct- ly over the centre of the country represeiitei]. |Tlie ti-aehiT may show how this is Iriie in the map of the Nollh'i'll hemisphere. Ii> plaeili-' the halfol ipple, re[iresenl ill:.' this hemispliere. upon a tlat snifaee, and etittinL' down per- pendieu]arl> on the meridians In the tlat sinfaee, the lines on wltieli made 1»> llie Unite will eorrespiind with the meridian lines as drawn on the map of the Norlherli hemispher,' on Ihe sev- enth pnu'e. And in liUe miimiiT in other maps. He may show, also, that iiii,\ plaee iHoston. tin- example, or New ^'nrkl woillil he put on sileli ii map at the point where a n lie passing tliroityh it perpeiidieiilally would strike the tlat Sllrlaeej 7(i. The top of till! map is north ; the riijhthanil si(U\ east ; the liollom, south ; and the left-hand sid.', west. .NiMK,— The maps of the world on the polar project inn are an exce|itiiiii. The central point in the map of llie .Northern hem isphere is north, and every direction from the centre to the cir, eumferenee is south, 77. The lines (hawn from the to|i to the hol- toni of the map represent iiii /■itlin/n-, or lines of lonoitiidi'. 'I'lie lilies driiwii from side to side rep- resent jKirallih iif Idtitihlf. 7>>. The tliriires alotii; the top and Iniitom of liKips denote the ih'griis iif luiii^itudi- t'rom the principal meridian. NnlK. — If the liirures increase frnm left to riL'ht, the longitude is east . if Irotii riudit to left, the lonL'itilile is west. In 10n::lish maps, the meridian ot tireenwich, near London, is commonly tiikrn as the priiieipa! meridian. 70. The tioiires iiloiiqr the sides of the map ex- press the ilri'ixis iif' liititiuli: if dnwnw~.Jd'l',mil"r''' ""■'■'■'""' "I'"'"''''' "'" '"'""'I'-' '• '""■'" . are monarchies of sniall extent governed hy priti ,, , ' ..,, ces, dukes, niaiiil-dukes, Ikr. (Jiimliiina.— , I. Wlinlisnmap? 7.'i. Where is Ii ve of i Kr \ ■ : I c i i theniapt,iakersnppii.sedi wile,, he is imikniL. his map'/ 7iJ ^''' .'* " '"V""' '^ "•"inp'ised ol Several lar^o Which part of th, ,p is niaih .' IIV,,,-// /„,,/. cast t south f coiiiitlleH rilled liy tuie Iiiaii, called an emperor. west t How is it with I' *' ' ' ■ *' - ' t li vest f How IS it with l,i[i|is of the VMald ol, the polar liloiee. 1 ^, , ,. ,,., .. i , ,. ,,., ioni 77. What lines on maps represent nnTidnns ,' \vN,at ^...^^""VTru, ''V'"'"," "'""""'■">' ' "'..^V,"" '" """'■'«; .lies, parallels of latllilde ) 7s. wl, the tienres H i, Ihe L '?iV .. "-,. V, "", '." ' ''.'"'"vV-",-'.':. '■..^.:.''.;'.' T." V'^t '_'■ i>l, U hat is a kinedoiii I i>.'i. What in a iiriiici|mlity ( What ip and Isiltom of miips denote/ In which direeiaai Ho the liu- " " "<"'>'" <^">"' ';<'<• -■■■ "■ res increase when the lo„..|lud,. is east .' 711, What do ll!„ llu- " " ''"'''> ' "■■ ^^ '"" '" "" '■'"' iro t as you ijo up, whiell way is the latitude ( NORTH top and I ures increase when the lonL-ilude is east ,' 7:i, What do thn ll^ ures iilon« the sides of the map ilenole .' II the lijjureil iuereiuiu QUESTIONS AND BXER0I8ES ON THE MAPS. M,\r Iif Till; NINK TII\VN,silll'S , lIVoc/, ,,/■//„ /o»vi. »//(/M is farlhist iiiiilli ' Which, farthest east/ Which, h,,-- I thesl south / Winch, larlhcst west I IVtitrh inn/ fn>m /iiir/i^tun .Vc .'» ix ffiirttiihin No. ij ? No, 'i t I No, / ,No. II / No. " / No. 7 / No. ■! / .\o. 1 1 I in ir/iut imrl nj .Vo. .'• is the schiMil house / In what part, tluj |HHal / In what part, tlie mill / 111 what part, the fai'tory / In what tnirt, the inn / I Wlilrli 11,11, fi,:m tlir triiiml l,„l(,r is Mt. Tom ? Which Way, the iiiarsh / the harlHir / the sandy plain / I /// //■//,// tlin'ihini lii'i-t /l/irni'i iilli thrnuci, towiisliip .\o. S / [ throuLd, township No, !'• ! thrim-di township .No. s / I How is tiiwnsii,p .No .'■ iHiuiided ' I M,\IMI|'I1()STI)N ANl>rilK\ICINITV,-Arethereniiy I ishiiidso,, Ihe inapot Itosion Ivicintts / .Name some of tin ni. ' Are there any peiiiiistil;is / What is Kostoli. iin i-/V Ni:W liNiil, AND,— What states on the luath of Miissachiiielts / What Iniily of water on the east/ What nllil. s on Ihe soiilh / Wlial'slale on Ihe west 7 Met ween \v liiit ciipcs does MiisMichilsetts hay Set lip froin till) I . , ■ , ... . ■■ , , , oil an / Whal lans oil Ihe opposite sides of ill,, I insula of ' lf('(l indixinlll/ ; 11 Hot, It Is illl (llixdiulc iniillil rillij, cap,- I'ml / Whal laree islands soiilli ofthe peninsula / or ilfffpitti.snt. ' vV'hal river divides Vermont from New Hanipshire. and mi-,.1 . , . ' , • .-,■,.! Ihroitcli Massachasitis anil I'oiineclii 111 iiilo l.otm islandsouiiaf M. An ,in.s/„rnir,/ is a o;overtiment m winch iho i„ „,|,„( .i,,,,,,,,,,,, ,|,„,, ,|„, i„„,i,,i,ta ,it run / supreme ])ower is vested in a few pi'rsoiis, usti-^ IIV/.i/ i„iiHiir.i n, M,iatiiikii-,//t on the noriliem Isirder? allv styled the nohility. ! 'I'";', Isinhr / on llni coast / Naine the lounty towns ill *\ . - • 1, , 1 each ol these ciiinilles / \V liiit Is the cii|iitiil ot Massachiisett.s / I !s2. A (IcillOI-nlCI/ IS a iroveriimellt in wlllcll the Whal are the capilaU of ('oimei lieut / of Uhol,, i^hiiid / ,,,,|],.(,||^,,.|y j Which wa> li-iim Moi-lon is ,\lliaiiy / H> "hut towns do.'s SOUTH film' oj tht uiiie iinninfitpa, IX, POLITICAL DIVISIONS. 80. A 7iuiiinn-liii is a irovriiimeiil In which the soveieiij;!! power is in tln^ hands of one |ier.soii. If this power is limited hy law. it is calliul a liiii- ^..^ . II- • . . ■ ' 1 ', I 1 • ■ the railroad ti'oii, Itoxion to .\lliaiiv pass/ Which wa\ from NJ. A Itjiuhhc is a state Iti winch the Jiower is New Hann is Norihaniptoi, / Tlimudi what ciiniuie's does power is in the hands of ilie peop! bi;J. A ri/iti/i/lc is a state in wliic in the hands of iiersoiis elected hy the people us iheeiinal iriun New Haven to Northaniptoii pass ' Which wav ih.iir n...nis..Mf,tiv..s fioni New York to All. any / What riM,r iinilcs them / In what tilt 11 ItpllsUlt,lll\.s. ^ Idircclioi, does thn Hudson run/ Which way from liostuu i,s bil. A kiiiirdiim IS a. country, iisuallv ' . -. ... .lent, Ruhjecl to ii monarch called a kiti Bo. I'n/ii ijxi/itifs, (li/f/tii:i, gru/iu'-di/i /ill .1, iV 'i\ y-L A kifii^dtim is a country, iiHiiaHv of qi-cal Ni-w Vm-k; Hiiw j:tr »:-. it m n :y the equator ? Which, hy the \ W'hirh e.ttrndxfarthisf smith. Africa or S. America .' Knrope tropin of Cancer? Which, hy the tnipie of Capricorn ? Whnh. or Asia? N, America or Asia ? X. America or Europe .' .<. Anier- h,- the Arctic circle? What lari-'e islands are crossed hy the ieaor Au.straha ? Can you name these six LTaud divi.sinri.s of the equator i \ k'"'"' i'» order, heLrinnmu' with thof'f whi' h arc farthest sinitli / In ichn zone is the greater part of Asia ? Europe ? Atica ? ' *•'/'"' '■■' fhi latitude of the soulhcm point of Afrii-a ? of the N. Americr.7 S. America? Australia? What i/rand divisions southern point uf Australia \ of the suutlieni point of S. A utr tx'.end intfi the frijjid zone 7 1 \'-^ ? of the southern pfpint of Asia 7 10 In leJiat zone arc tlu' W. India IslandH 7 the .^iM-irty i«hind(t ' the Sand\vii-h islands? New-Zealand? SpitzluTL-'en ? the A;!ores ? Newfoundland 7 the Hritibh islaudH 7 Kamtsi hat\a I the Spice islanils ? What ea/te at the smithcm extremity of S. America ? at the isnutheni extremity (tf Africa? at the fioutherii extremity of Hiud What inlioiiln nnilwu> lirtwiTii Euro|H', Alriia, iinii Ami'rii-a ! ll'liirc an- tho Fnlklanil islamla 7 the Jii|iiin isluncU ! Spitzhi-ri-'cn ! Nova Zfinhhi? St. Holcna ^ WImI islhmua unilen Afrii'a with A.e;uinilrJ hy Iho isthmus of Suuz 1 What 8i:a9. by th<; i<(thtnu4 of Dnrifn ? Wliich in the hiru'eit rner in S. America? In what hitltuih' il tiio mouth ol tliu Amazon 7 \\'hicii iH the lar^eBt i iver in N. America I In what latituiJa ii the month of the Mixiiissippi 7 I O Which in the laruest river in Kumpe ? Into what sea does the VolL-a empty 7 What two CTcal rivers in Africa ? Into what .sea does the Nile empty 7 Into what u'lilf ,loes llio Ni:;er empty 7 117(11' liir:.'!' Iniii or t'li//' hetv.-een HiuiliKislaii anil Farther Inilia ! on tiie western const of Africa .' on the eastern const of M.'xico 1 on the western coast of Greenlanil .' ou the N.H. coast of British America' ir/iii7i /.« f'artlifsl north, N'ewfimnillnnil or (Trent Hritnin 7 dm-bec or London ? Boston or Paris ! New Orleans or Lis- bon ? ca|ie Horn or tlie cape of (jikkI Hope 7 Is the L'renter part of Africa east or west of the meriilinn of London / Is (he u'reater part of ri, Anu'riea east or west of the meridian of Washinu'toii t What cities, capes, or islands are on or near the meridian of Boston 7 What cities en or near till) meridian of Constantinople 7 ' Wlial cilin nrnr the parallel of CO*' N. lat 7 of riO" N. lat t of 40' N. Int. ! of :iO' N. lat. 7 of W N. lat. 7 of Vf N. latr What cities near the Iropie of Cnncer ? W'liicli reoi/fi-om Donieo are Sumatra and Java? the Spice islainis? the Philippine isles 7 1 1 liili iroii from Ihr Soiolirirli inliinils are the Society islands ? L'niifornia 7 the mouth of Columbia river ! Behrimis straits 7 1 W'ffirh voif from Jerumlrm is Morocco? London? St. Pe- j tersburi,' 7 Nankin ! the capo of Oooil Hope 7 Wloit orromt, m'oa. biii^s, and .^traits, anil near irhat islands and cojw.-'f trotitd i/on jutss in a voynu'e from New-York to Mo 1 cha ? in a voyau'e from St, Petershuru' to Calcutta ? from No^v■ Orleans to Canton? from Uuebec to Constantinople 7 from Archangel to Botany Bay? II N O R T H N 9 W R«il -^ifi' \ M K R I C A, G R E E N L A N D, R U .-> S 1 A N A M E R I C A, A N 1) NEW B R I T A I N. Iioiiits, from till' giiir ul' St. l,iiwri'iii.o q Inipr 13 QUESTIONS AND BXEROISES ON THE MAP. NOHTIl .AM1',1(U'.\.— Wlint is nn iinuii/ .-^. ■■ He fini- tiiin 17, Whiit iiii'iii, 'vnKliit- llic iiciriluTii ri'ii-t ni Snnh Alnorifil? Wlinl Di'ian, llli .-iisl tii riinst : ^''liiil oriMin, the «rslcrn ci.nst! Wlnt tliri'e ioniilrii'>< oi'c'O pv llij uTciit- IT imrt of Nciilli Anii-iiiii ? 11. An.. 1.'. S.. iiii Mn. Wlwit louiitiv lirld'iL-inu' la Diiiinarli in lliu .N'.K. ! 'iil. What riiiiiify in Mii! .N.W. I R. An. Wlint niunlry ■"< iln" !^'K- "f Mexico? (Ju What is a liny nr l-uII" f ."i'" I)i-fiiiiticin 22 Whnt Inrj,-!! hay- "xliuiil!! I'ar iiilii Ihp iiiturior (it lirilisli Am rira ! VVliiil unit' , on thi- wr.siiM'ri const of Mcxiio f \Vh' t liny liutwoon .N'uw : Driiiiswick mill .Nova Scoti;i / Whnt bay washes the WL'stum coast of Grcciiluml ! What is nil islaiul ? . islnml oil' the iMistconstof lirociilnnii.' WhatlnrL-o islaliil on the cast side of ihu u'liir of St. Lawrence^ What hirui i. laiiil ill the inmilhoflhe L'lilf of Mexico ! Which f lur in'c Ihe hil«cst of the West liiilin islaiiils / Wliiit sea hetweeu tin- West In.hes anil Giiatillinin f What l.av in l!ie wcsl part o'' ihe fanhh nn sen ' Whntisniieninsilla .' See Delinition 7. Whtil pi luiisi.hi he- tweeu the havofCuni|ie!iCliviuiillhehavof linnililins.' hot ween the LMilfof Mex,.-o nml the Atlniilic/ hetween the Lriilf of (.'^ill foi-iiin nn.l the I'iicilic ' in the S.W. part ol liussian Aineriea ? Wlint is nn isllinms / S.^ Delinition ID. Wliat istliinus coiilleets Kiirth niiil S'liilh Anicricn ? What hodiea of wiitcr are (liviileil hv the isthnnis of Diirn'ii / Whnt is n strait / Si'c Delinilinn ->."i. Wliiil ^Irail coiinn-U the .\rclie with the I'aciiicoeeae ' Hnlliii's hay with the Atinn- tie( Hinlsonshny Willi the. Mlaiilic) Wlmtslnnt hr'inrii .\ew- fuuuiUnnil ami l.nlirador .' -N'ovnSco'.ia niul C.ilie Hrctoii ishinil ' Whnt is n cape. I See Delinition 11. H Vol/ n;/;.' nl ihe soiilh- em exlreinitv of Urecnlami .' at the soullierii oxlreniily of .Novn Scolin ' nt tli'e western extreinily of Culm .' at the soulhera ex- Ircniily of fnlilonhn ! What cape on Hehriin-''s strait I Whnt is n river! See Delinition -.'7. Whirli lallu- limsrsl rir- erlktil •iilfrs ihe Arctic ocean ! tiiateiiters llinlson's hay * Nn.: tho L'ulf of St. Lnwreni-e ! S. Le. : the LOilf of Mexico ( Mi. : the Pneilij (K:enirl L'n. Which is the LTent enstern liranch of the Mississippi '-iver ! Whii'h, the i:re; western hrniich I Oflho! Krent rivers just nanieil, which three drain a InrL-e part of lirilisli Ainerien ! 'Which one dri-Mis the u'venter part of ihe l. .Stales / Whnt is a luouiitnin 1 See Delinition '.J. What ran^'e or "hainof iiiiMinlainsconiniences on lhi> shore of the Arctic ocean iiear tho miullicf Mneke'izi.'s river. I'.ml runs nenrlv pnrnllul ivith Ihe western co.isl. throiiLdi lirilisli ..\nierica. ihe Li. Slates, Mexico, and liuatinialn, into S. .\niericn >. Wlial iiniiie is L-iven lo the chain in .Mexico ! What chain of mounlaius in the east- ern pari of Iil ' 1 .Siiiles.nearlv parallel with the .\llnnlie const ( What l\Mi liiudi siiiu-le inounliliiis near the coasl of the I'ncitic on the horderol knssian Anurica ? How hiL:lii» Mt.St.Klias I What is n lake ! See Dcliiiilion 21. Wluil four lar--e lal.es onthehorder of the r. Slates and Tpjier Caiinda ( Whi. Inr-e lake whollv in ihe I'. Stnles, coiniecle.l wilh lake Huron ! < Whnt river is ilie oullel of these hve lakes ( Which nri' the | three largest lakes in lirilisli America ! What river is the out- j lei ■ f hike Winipei,' ? What river, tho outlet of Uruut slave anil (ireat Hear lakes ? _ ( Whnt straits. L'rent river, niid islands of X. .Viivriea are cross- ed hv ihe .\relic circle ! Whit penin.snla, counln-, tiiilfs, and slrai':..' arc ciiissed hv the tiopii- of ( 'nne.r I What mlries of N. Anienca lie wholly in Ihe 'feniperate i:nne ( Whnt eouii- trics, partiv in the Pri-'id zone ! Whnt co.iMtries, wholly or partly in tlio Toi, id zone I Is Icelnnd in the Krijid or Telll- perite zone I Is Culia in the Tonid or Tenipernle zone ! Whiil is the sfifiii' ciiiirf or direction of the wesleni const of .N. Aniericn ? of the enstern eonsl, helween Novn.Scolia mid Floridn ( of the lloekv niounlauis ! of the -Allei;liniiy nioniitniiis ' of Mackenzie's river'.' of the SI. 'Lawrence ,' ol the Mississippi I ll'/iicli /'■,;//_/',-„i,i/i,/tcA'/-(c is lake Huron! lakeSnperior ! lake Wihipei; f Orcnl Slave lake ! lirent Henv hike I lake ttntnrio? ir//(c/( mm f'riin Mfjirii is -New Drloniis! Wnshinulon! New York ! 'Boston ? Ilnlifax ! Newf.iundlnluri Which wny from .New (Jrlc.ma is S'.. Louis ? Which way I'nini WashiiiK- tun is Kingston in Lpper t'nnndn ? Which way from New York is .Montreal ! W liich way fnini Ilostou is Uueliec ! /■( /,* // liil'luilr is the niout!:'of the Mississippi ! the mouth of the St. La .iviiee > the ii'.oiith of .Mackenzie's river? cape Farewed ! the luirlherii part of .NuwIoundlanJ ( I'hiladelplna ! New Dricaiis ! Mexico / In what part of lirilisli .\nicrica. and nlonL' whnt river and iruh', me the provinces of I |iper I'miadn, Lower I'anada, S'ova Ibcolia, niid Newloundlaud ! WhnI le is L-iven to the rest of lll-ilish .Vinerica ! In what | t of .\cv. lliiliiin is Lalirador ! In what part of Unssian .Vnierica is rrilice Wilhnln's sound / In what part of ilie U. Stales, Florida I Aineiii-a, at vniioiis 1 1 h ,-i/e. good iiatured, but dull, indolent, and extremely lillhy. r. They live in lints made of'stone or liirf, wanned aud liL'hled by bnrliiiiL,' moss dipped in lisb oil. I!. The'y wcM' foniierly I'nL'ans. but havi' boronie Ctirist- ians under the instnielioiis i f the Moniviiiii iiiiss-on.iriea. II. The missionary seillenienls are at New Herrnliut, Licliteiilels, and I.ichtenan. Qurx/innft. — L For whnt is Greenlnnd noted ' 2. ^^'hat is the ott'ect of this intense cold ! :i. What plains llenrish in Green- lnnd ! 4. What nnimnls ! .1. What n.se do the Urccninnders tnnke of the senl I li. What is the nppenrnnce niiil charncter of the (ireenlnnders ! 7, How do they live ! H. Whnt is their relio'ion 7 U. Where are the missionary seillenienls I NEW BRITAIN. 1. New Britain, like Greenland and Russian Americans a rold, barren country,lliinlyinhab- ited by Esquimaux (es-ke-mo) and other sav- ages. It belongs to Great Britain. M.in iftd i\uman oj I'nm-r H itham h ^^unmi o_ Tin, ^^^\\ \^ ^o rocky aii.l tliiii tliiit oiily moss. ?«hrub(i :>. Tlio iit'oplr i)f tlic Aleiiliati (A-lii-Miaii) or fox isluiuls. ' ,^,,,1 „ \\,yf ^x'mXvA troes ran L-row uimmi it. viiich cxlrml west iVoin llu' inMiitisiilii of Ala.-k.-i. livi- uiulcr 3. Xnnicroiis lakes ami pomls ot tVrsli water are aliuost ;roiiT!l in lMr::t' wanu Iioum's, one of whicli often rohlaiiw ' pvcnwlicro scattiTcd ovrr llu' surface. iVimi 100 to l.'iO MHi *, (leer, fur. 4. lU-ai:*, ln-avi vfiliiai)lo for their alHiuiul ; and Iinritini,' tlieni is llle diief eiii ' ployineut of the iiiiiai)i til Ills. U. On tiie principal takes, arul a1 llie iiiouth> and forks of tiie larize rivers, are Irading-lmu- ses and fori**. i's?al»lisli- ed hy ihe Uritish Hud- son's I^av Company. I li. The chief ira'dini:- ^ubirrniHean Mohmioh u/ Aleutmn lalamJint. ' stalion.-^ are on the \ve>t (). New Archangel, a villapo of a tlioiiBaiid Hont.s on an coast 'itnl of liie settlenients of the Uussiaiis .' :i. nf tlieir i)h,iect in vlsitin^' this coast ? •!. of ■ r n .1 ■ ■ ■ 1 1 ■. 1 1 .u the natives at I'riace Williams Bomid ? :>. of (he Aleutian i.-»l- 1 8- The sea<-oast of all this n-LMon is mlinbited by the antlers ? 0. of .New Anlianuei / | Kscpiinianx (es'.k»»-mo), wiio. m appearance, character, and I haliits, resenihle the Greonlanders. GREENLAND. 1. CIrcciilaiiil is mie 'if tlie ooldest countries ill the world. NORTH AMERICA. hiri'est 'i. Xortii Atiicrica is imleil tor tiie hikes ot' tVesh water in the world. •;. The whole ronlinent of Anieriia. alter iLs discovery liv I'.nropi'ans, was called " llle New World.'' ':). The diseoverx was made in 1 1!)J liy Chrislopher Co- luinlins. a naii%e oi (lenoa.ai lie' head of a small si|nadi-on, lilted onl at llle ex|ielise of I'l'idinand and l.saliella, sover- uit'llB of Castile and AriiL'on in Spain. 'I. The people who inlialiiled .Vnierica at the time of its diseoverv wee called Indians, heeailse Colniiililis supposed thai the'ennnnv he had di-' nered w.is India 'i. .\ll the I'lidians foi; in North .\ineriea north of Me\ieu iived a sa\a;je iic. olitaininu' their snlisislenee^ ucee.ss lo llie easterii i chiellv liy lishiiiL' and liniilinu'. I H. There are no tree tiiit-iinl'nl: r I,, /,,,.. /;(!„,(..■, or lUiit, i,i,u'iw ,^'W.^. The inlerior is wlndly iiiacce.^silile on aecoiinl of the whicli also, somelimi's for vears to^ellier, enls olV all isl. < ImiI Iho li. Soon after llie disi h'rencli liirmid settlemeiils along 'iie ■ry. the Spaniards. r,iij.'lisli, nnd ' no v astern coast of North , • of a stinted trrowtli, and •lalde liaid can la- mi.seil for llie siip|iort of man lionuries, Britnin noted 7 To whom il ! :t. What is remarkable What is the chief occupa- oof the inliahilants ! T^. \\ liat esttllihshnienls ol while men this drearv country ! 1!. Wlu're nre the chief Uritish seltle- ils ! 7. \Vliat is the Irnde carried on at these forts f 8. Qufsfiiiita. — t lines it lielonn ! In the siol'iice ' For whnt is Xc 'J. What is the 4. Wluir aninial.' • > ^. III,"!. i.....» ^...i ... ......... .... .... 'II llllin.^ : •- •• 11,11 l.~ IIII ll.i.i" ....... .. .... ..- .... i. Dogs, white hvavn, and reindeer are tlip principal Who live on the sea roast ' '' What is their re luion liUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAP. I I'l'lCii CANADA.— What u'lviit lakes on tlie Ikii-iIom dI' Up- wu-k. Nuvn Sr(iiia,aiut Nowtbmuilaml, iiml Hit- va.''t cuuntr}- the St. T.awnMict', i.s llie royal iiaval .italifin fuj tlie lake, iii New Bi'ilaiii. ami was rccrntly tln> capital (il'lKitli tlir <'aiiiuia.s pn- ('iin;i(la > What river seniirat.'s it from Lower Cnimda .' ' •'• I'"' .'^'ipri'iiio aiillinrity i.s in :1h' kitiir and |tarlianiriit ] '''aron'fo, formerly Yor/;, on a line liarlior. near the wi'st V liat two river.s ami two lakes separate it from New York ? nf fireat Britain ; lail eaell [iroviiKi' lia.s il.s own li'j;i.-la;,..t rial ol' lake Knlario, was onee the e.iiiilal of Ipper Canaila. V/hat lakes ami river separate it IVoui Mu'liit,'aa on the W. ? : anil ^'overilor. Prcucotf. on ihe Si. Lawrenee. n1 tlie liiot ol' navi'.;alion lor What river eoiiiieeis lake Erie with lake t)iitario ? What .), The principal religion is that of the Clinrcli of F,ng- j larjio vessels from the lakes, anil lli/laini, at tiio iiorlli end tDwa at the mouth of Niai'ara river? What town on Nia^-ara Innil ; lait the I'reneli inhaliitants of Lower Caiiatltt are of tlie Uiileaii eanal, are llonrishin;; towns, liver 7 miles from its mouth, opposite Levyistown in New- Koman falholies. ami the peopli- in the oiln-r provii ves are Vurk? \V hat vMhiL-e a httle larther ap. rpposite .Niai:ani tails ? ^,,_|^,^^. i.r,.sl,vi,.Hans, Mellaalisls. aral Haplists. q<,c»/ini,.-.~-[. liy whom has Upju'r rann.la heea peopled? What plan- (in ^la^arn rivi-r. at its ellhi.t Imm lake Kne, op- -, , ,,;,, ,,,„.,.,, ,.,,,„u,^ ,.i, ;,.,].- i„ ih,' ,.velem..e of the 2. What is the ha-e of the eoiinlrv ? soil? pro.luilioiis ( 3. eli- posite Hullaln .' In what ilireetion does Nia^-ara river run I ' •■"• ''^ ,."""'" " ', ' "."'''» ' '","> ",' ''"■ < ^< <''"^' " 'I'f , „,„,,, , j, what parts are settle I 1 .",. ll'w rapiillv has the •^ Whieh is the laru-est river that enters lake Krie from Upper ""'"■, Ijeel, anil pork o Upper C anaila. ami the li.rs, luni- ,„,-,„ ,,„„,,|„| , ,.. .^^-|,„, „i,,,„„.,„„„ ,„ ,{„. n'avi.ntion Cniiadii? Wlisit.-niiaUcmsstiieponiiisulal.ftwoon hikes Erie l»er, a.^lius, and (i>li nl ilio oiIht iiinviiicrs, tiir Ilnli>.li iniin- ;,, ',|„. <, J.j.wr.-nr.' ? 7, U7//// is sm,l utt\H' Hi.h-tm caiiiil ? S. mill OiUnri(t I What rivt-r fiiHii Upper Canniia enters hike St. ufactmcs ami West India piodure. ,,( die Wrlhnid canal 1 Whirr, and Jor nitut noUd, KinL:stoD? ^ , , Tin-fintu / rre.si-utl / Ihtown \ Chur ? What llriti.sh L'enenil was defeated, nnd what Indian wan-ior killed, in the Battle ut" the Thames in 1813 \ What laru'e town on the shore ol' lake Ontario, at the efllnx of thu St. Lawrt nee ? Wliat eaual connects lake Diitai'io »t C^- Kini'ston wilh Ottawa river/ Wliat town on Ottawa river at i vsj the end of the Uidemi canal \ ! \ What town on the St. I.awreni'o opposite Oirdenshuru' in | New Yurk .' What lar^'e town on the shore ol lake Ontario iioar its west extiemity / What town and tort at the mouth' of the .strait which couiierts lake St. L'lair wiili lake Erie ? ■ LOWER CANADA. Pquarc miles, liH.OflO.— Popaliitinn. (KKl.OOO.— Pop. to sq. in.. ;i. 1 . Lower ('Miiiulii. or Cnnarla East, was first ^ settled liy the Frpneli in KiOH. LOWER CANADA.— Onwhat irreatriveriloes LowerCan-! „ ,. , , ,. , ,• a.lalie! Whieh wav does the St. Liiwrenee run! Whatstatesl. "■ I-I>l"'i' uml Lower Canada, lormerl) separate prov- oftlie Ameriean Uuloii horder on Lower Canada ! Wliat par- ""-'es, were umleil in 11111. nilel of latitude se,iarales it iVimi Vermont ami New York f Q,„./,„„.._,. How lanre is Ilrili-li Ameriea ? (>. How diviil- ! W ineh two are Mie ho-.-est tr liulani-s ol the .- , Law enee ,„, f ,, w,,,,, j^ ,|,„ ,„,,„,„„„,„j , ,, ,.,.|i^,,„„ , , ,.,„„„„rce ? ' fnnn the sun h ; W ia rivr i?^ lie mi let o hike ( lianipi;iiii f ,. . , „ , ,- ,. , , , , . . , i ,,., , . ., .1 . 4- I 1 \i 1 ( wi . ■ t*- Are Louer a. id I n per ( auiii a disliin' prov iiees ' \\ hat nv,T, (he oiilh'l ot htUf M.]n|ihreinai-'ni.' >. W iiat river, ' ' ' lioleil tor ils tails, -Niters St. Lawn-nee just h.hiW Cinehee / I -,««^« » . -mr . -.^ . Winit two t.iwns in Lower Canatla ha\e n.urc than -JO.iiOO UPPER CANAD.*.. inhahitants .' In what part of Luwi^r ('ana. hi is Muntn al ? ■ Huw is it situated \ Which way tVoni Mmiircal, on what river, Hqimr<> mil. -s l.*.n,()Oii.— Popnlatinn, ,V»(),(MH).~l'iip. to sq. ni., 4. Vint Miirtfu, 2. In IT.'ifl it was eiini|uered liy a liriti.sh ami .New Lug aiidouwhieh side of the river, is Uaeliei- ? Wliai town on ihe ! 1. UpperCailMila llllS liecll recoiitl V seltleiliiV '■""' army iimlerdeneral Wolf. Ht. Lawremo at the month of the St Mauriee river, half way ,,,,,:,„.,, ,,,^ ,■,.,,,,, |J,.;,.,i,, .,,„| ,1,,, r,,i"t,.,| Sfitr.« ' ■'' ^^"'''' ""'" '"" '""'ils ol llie popnlalion are ol l-'reliell hetween Montreal and Qaehee I What villa,- , .Montreal ' HHS-'" ■HI'" ""H" nU'dlH -Wl UK I IIIK (1 rM.lIes. ,„.|^,i„ ^|„..,|j n,,, ,,|.,.,„.|, i,,„„„„„,.. ,„„i .„.„,-,.s,^ ih,. Koman island, nnles ahovo the city, and eo)im.,teil«ilh it hy a eanaW; -• I' i--* " ' , Hmlnlalni^ eoiinlry, in the inaUl ol the ('..iiholie relii;ior:. What villaLTu on the rii;lit' b-oik nf tlie St. Lawni'iee, a few I ^I'eat hikes, ami h-rlile in wheal anil iiooil pasliii-a;.>e. [ ,| 'I'l,,, i,,.,,^ ,,|- i),,, p,,|,||],|ii,,„ |.< sellleil in the vallev of miles ahove Monlreal. and e leeled liy railroad with St..lolin| '.i. The eliniale is mil.lnr IImiii ill Lower Canaila. ! ,i„. ,S|. Lawrence. Iielween Montreal anil (Jileliee. on .-^orelle river '. What town at the jimelion ol thu Sorelle - 4. 'flii' selllemenls are 1 ha-llv near the shores of the j .-, )(,,[,, w (Jiiel n river with the St. Lawrenee' „ ,, , ' f.'i''''l l-'l"'-" il of llie river.- Si. LawreMee ami I Mlawa. \ .ll' <, I ..wrenee liiere \\ hat IS the hue ol I le eoinitrv in Lower Canada 7 Anx. .-. -j-i,,, ,„,,„,|. ,,;,,,, i|.,„ ;,,,,,. 1 ,,„„■,. ii,.,,, i,,.,r,.l,l in il,,, ' ,. , ^, 11..,., * >■ • f .1. I no iiopiiianotl n.is nii lea-eii inoie iniili U'lilotit 11 uie . „|.,, (,,... .„.iilt.inf.iits ov On eaei sa e o he ,Sl. Lawreaee, at dis auei-s varvnii; fioiii , , ,,, ,. ,' . ' , , • ^,.|| ,,, „ ■ ■ |.,. ! "" " " "' "" "" '.' ■ ■<■ ,.,.,,,., . ■ I asl I) vears. at I s silll II (leas : rapii y, ; ,.,.i»t -m-i li-li ii.r \ 1..-,. 1.1 to .jO in les, t here are niiMiiilaiii raiiL'es, iiniiiiiii.' I rlvpar- , ,.- 11,, ■ , m 1 ,1 «. t • "-t l*i '•'"'"^ "■^'""" ^ '"''-e nllel with the livt r. hut ap[u-oaehiiiL.' Just heliiw tiuehee, and Ii. Iriiin lake Ontario lo .Monirea! llie St. Lawrence *| C. The Freneli Caiiaili- almost eiielosiiii: a valley "of '-'".imii siiuiire miles, whieh cull- '""I."'". 1'.^' ■' pia'ee.ssion of rocks and ra|iiil», wliluli remlerl,,,,, „,.,. „ coiilenleil, f;ay, tains nearly the whole popuiutiun ul Lower Cuiiaiia. naviL-alion very (lan;^'ei-otis. i linrmless people, easy ami j r. The liiileail (re-ilii') canal iivereomes these olislnie- ^i,,,.,,.,,,,,, j,, their 'inan- itions liy opening' ,-i iiavi;;aliiiii for lioals liom KiiiL'slon on i,,.,.,^ i,,,] vi-rv i"iioranl ;laki'lhiiiirio to lU-iown on (iiiuwa i-ivei-, which is naviijaLle (;.« !,f ileii- l».i!.r'"al.|.' hi I thi'iice to .Montreal. It eo,t *."i.(lilll.lil)il. ' reail anil wrile BRITISH AMERICA. Sqanre nille". U,:|IK),IKKI.— Pii]Hilalioii, l,7lK),IK|0._Pop. to sq, m., L 1. British America e I). Till' Wellaial i-aiial pens a wav lor nearly as larcre as the whole of Eur mliraces a territory EHe m lake (hitario. it cost .fj.oiiii.iiiio. sill fn I lake Till i-lhef one. j Kisosrii.N, at the east enil of lake Onlario, 011 a deep, their cariole 2. If !■■. iliviiieil into the provinces of Canada, New Briitl!- \vell-.-liellereil, and well-forlilied harlior, at tlio elllux of over tl: 14 iiient 111 winter is tlnviinr slei;:ln ■*^ ^.ti^iil^^^WP^ , 1^ 8. The snow lies hero iisiially six niontlis in the year, but vejictatidi) in very nipid in llie HimmnT. i). Tlie iiir-lriuli' with lln- Indians scattrred over tin' vasr re^^ions ni* Nt'W Hrilain ha.s InnL' lieea cdiulucteil l>y u cmn- pany ot'nieiThaiitrt reHidinr^ in .Mnnlreal. ' 0. The eoMipany ennvluys nnn-e than llOOO aj;eiits. chirlly toujjh iScutch Hii:hlanderrt, ulm nnilrr^-n many hai-dships in traversing' the dmiiT and frozen wilderness. 11. The ("alls of tln'Monlnun-ency. near its mouth, a lit- tle helow (inrhee, are crichrati'd for their Iioanty. Qni-hec', on the north side of the St. Lawrence, hiiiU partly on tl^e lop of a sti-ep rork called cape Diamond. :J.')(I feet \n\i\\, and partly on the Iiaiik of the river helow, wns for a hmj; time the capital of Canaila. It \a a widh'd city, and so stroni; that it is cmIUmI tin- (iihraltar of America. Citij of Quebec. Montreal', on the island of the same name, in the river St. Lawrence, at the head of whip naviijation, and just he- low the mouth of the Ottawa, is the largest and must com- mercial city of British America. La pr a if if, on tlie sontli sidu of the St. Lawrence, a few miles ahove Montreal, and comn?cted liy railroad with Sf. John on the Sondle. is the fjreiit thcn-(Hii;hfare of the trade between Mmitreal and the United States. Qiirstioiii. — 1. Ry whom, and when, was Lowt^ Canada sot- tied ! li. Uy whom, luid wh«'n, wns it coiiqinTLMi / 3. Wluit jmrt of tilt! population is df I'i'imkIi diiu'in .' 1. A. '>. Whori? is the po[iulution si'ltlfd f U. clnimctor of tlu: Krunch Canndiuns ? 7. what nmusonuMit f H. eliiniile .' i>. Wiutf is mml of the lur- tradi; t 10. of the ui;ents of the company .' 11. of the falls of MoMtiMorenry f W'/irtr, mulj'or ivhat tiolcil, (iuehec i Montreal f Liiprairii! .' f^i. John .' QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAP. NKW HIUNSWK'K:.— Wliat provinre on the \. ? Whnt water on the K. f What province on the fj.l'l. I W'liat water separates it from Nova Seutia .' Whiit lies on the \V. f What river forms part of the hounihiry on the side of Maine i What strait divides itfi*oin Priaee Kilward's island .' Which is the lariicst river hi Xt!W Urunswiek? In what di- rection lioes the St. John nni al"ter enterinu' Xew llrunswirk ? Where does it empty f What is the i-»pital ot' Xew Ilruns- wii'k .' Da whsit river is Kreilericton { What iarL'e town at the mouth of .St. Jolni river.' What is its popalatlun ? In what pari of New Brunswick is St. Andrews .' NOVA SCOTLV.— What is Nova Scotia.' See DeOnition 9. With what province is it connected by its isthmus .' What bodies of water on o|»posite sidi's ot the; isthmus '.' W'/mf .srp- anifcs it from I'rince lOdwurd's isiarni oa the nurlli ? from Ciipe Breton island n, '.lO.ddH.—l'op. tu 6q, ni., 3, 1. Newloiindlaiul is noted lor tlie most pro- ductive cod-fisiiery in the world. Lual Mine, 2. The surface is ;.'eiiri;dly nndubitiiu'. Tlie L'n-atcr part of the xiil is L'ood, ami in the interi'U- verv I'l rtih', ;i. The climate is fiiv.ualili' to heallli, idllinii;^li tin.' ilense fo;;s in the .s|irinj,' of the year are nnjileasaut. ■L There are many hnu harbors, especially on the At lanlie const. ,"). The inhabitants are extei^ively eniiaged in the coal aiK^ plaster trade, tishinu'. and navi<.Mtion. (!. The Lay of Fnndy is noted hn- its tides, which rise .'»0, (It), and even 70 feet, and so nipidiv that i'\eii cattle (eediinr mi the slnu-e are often ovei luken niid clrow nrd. 7. .\bniit one fourlh of the population Is of Scoteli mi- in, am' the rest are diiellv innnifjiaiils, or dcM fiidaiits »d' ini- miurunts. bom I'.iiL'land. New Kiijlami, and Ireland. it. Cape Ilri'loii (hre-tooii') i>laiid is iiearlv halved by a deep -ulf. Cidleil Itras D'Or. \alu:ilde foi ii.s lidieiio-^. It. Salile i>laiiil. I\ iiii: .-onih of (ape Bteinn island, in the tnuk (d \e>>eU sailiiii: between Lnrope and the Inited States, is famous for shipun-cks. Halifax, the capital, in the center ni' the peninsula, has ime of the liii''>l haili'its in lb.- wnrld, ami is ilie ehief naval . tation of hnilis. 3. More than IIOOI) vessels and lil.OOn lishemien, Ameri-. cans, I Jmlish, and French, are emjilityed in the li-hety. 1 4. The li>h are cniiL'ht partlv near the j-bore. but i hieily , in shadow place-* (d the sea, lalled banks, 1s of the i>lind. ;'). The l!riii>li carry on the tishery chiefly in small boats near the slicu'e, to which they reiiirn e\ery ni^'ht. and dry their lisli OH jtlaltiM-ms erected tliere fir tin' purpose. (I. The Americans claim llu' riu'ht to take ti>h anywhere ; bevond three niile> from the shore, and iMliy I hem on any , pai-l of the coa^t not occupied by ltrili>li settlers. i 7. The labor of pri-parinu' the li>li for tlie market is ireLTiilarly divided; the cnt-lhroat, rippini^ optui the (isli : ' the beatler. < iearinu' away the head and entrails ; the split- ter, ilividiiiu' the fi-h aial taUim: out the ba<'klirt,it' ; and the sailer. piliiiL' them in heaps, ami snrinklim: each layer with salt, in which they lie for several Jays, and are then spread in the .-.mi lo t\\y. !{. The ]>opulation of Newfoiuidhind is rliieily in a few towns on the (-hnre, near the S.L, cxlrrmily of the island, in the vicinitv id" the fi-herie-*. St. ,L)H.v's. the capital and chief town, is little nmre than a lar^e llshini.' station, the whole slaue Iiimul: lined with platforms for dryini: li>li. The n(nises are chiefly of wood, and ihe place has snflered sevendy fnnn extensive llres. Q'lr^-'ic-r-. — 1. Fer \^■h:tt is XewtiMUnihind nnted ? -i. ^^"llat is the lace iil the country ( 'A. How mnity vessids and men f" S >iiiri/. ((tik-Io'). o:i B tine hurbor upon the iiorlhern shore, n the tisherv ? 1. Where are the li,>ili eauL'lit I on ill slaiid of ( lines, l.ouinhtirfr. ipe Hreton. are famous for nf ihe lisl' ritisli lish I (i. Where, tl m the son th Hh< lOre of Cape' Mreton fm , Where do the . How is the Inhoi divided ! H. Whtre is the popuhttion i)\' New le A me and ? What is said of Ht. John's .' [r> 16 UNIT El) STATKr^. QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAP. rNITF.n .-'TA'l'KH.— Whiit rountriiM on tli.> N. iiii.l NK. I Wl.iit iK-rnn on the K. ? Whiil wiilvr bii.I luuntrivs o.. tlii' f . i \\li.it ii.-fan on 111,' W . | Whiit foui- iiri'iit lnk<-« in n i-lniin on tiK CnmuU bor.l.T I \\ hiil \!md liiK;' In llw m>n from MiMouri and Iowa 1 Illinois lioi diniuw Iowa lr.anMi-»onrit.;rrit,.r> ( What liv,' stal.'s anil lorritory li,> on 111,' wo.l Ijaiik What thiui^ states on 111.' north I k I W hat two terriloraa ho on tho Missouri I What slat,' n dn iih'd hy Ih,' M'j'unn ( /V<»m ir/iii( Males dots the C, on the- houudarv lietw.in V,rnio„t and N,'W ^ orU I W hat river rises west of lake Chamulmn and ruiH south lo New \ork liny ( What six state. 11,- east of tli,; lln.l.-on ! What tour, hetween Hjo ""'I ™ and I'otoniae? What thr,.',-, betw,:en the Pot.iioae and ■■-''>;':',"'",' ,^\' ' three, lietweini the tiavannah i>n,l .Mississil.lM ! \\ hat on,'. h,tw,','i lak.s Uu- run and Miehi.an ) What stat,'. hetw,.,.,. lake .Mi.'h i.au aiw the ^^'W^ What liv,. territories, l,etw,.e,i lla- Mississippi and the Paoliel \\ hut teMl- torv. west of the states of Arkansas au.l .Missouri) ICAul lake separates Wisconsin from MieliiL-an ? MKln.-an from Canada? Ohio and I'ennsvlvimia Ir.im C ala! New \ork In.m Canada f What mountains separate Missouri ti'rritory Irom ( r.'L;,.i, • \\ hat mount- ains run nearly paralh-l with tli,' Alhmtii' const li-om .Mahaina o N'" > '^k ' What sri'at rivi'r ,lrains the valley hetwi'en tli.- All,':;liaiiy 1 limkv mount. HinsJ Which three are its larj.'st trib.naries Irom tli,' west ( W Inch i» tiiu larL'est river west of the K.ocky momilains t , . , , . Describe the face of the country in tin' I'. Plates An,. A ,n v pla. ... cm.- mencini! o.i the e,«ter.. and southern coasts. ,'s;,'r., s Iro... Iilty to a Im n, re miles inland. h.'Vond which the country la'coini's h.lly. and ura, u.illy rises into the Alle:.ha.iy niou.itains. H.-twicn tlu' All.'Jiany and I i,' liocky "i"'" " ''* the mat valley of the Miss., almost ev.ry where either lev.'l or ceitlj uiidul, ■ tin? Rev.in.l the I^"■kv .ms. Ill,, cieintiy has lacn very imperlectly eM>l,,re,K In wli,;t zone is the I ' ^tal,.s i What parallel ol latitml,' h.rms part n the northern iKiUn.hirvi What is th,'latitud,',.l th,' south j.o.ntotHorala ( \\ ha 1 "ta" s and t.rntori.'s lie eh.e.ly n,n th uf 4'J^ N lat. f \N hic i a'tw.'en '.P and aiiOlWN.lat.? Which, tf. of 3i;3 ;W ( a, rial/..M» N.OrlemisI IMnladel. ''''irLv* .r..» ran, the MississiiTi river? tl„'Missr,uri? ■'^'•k'..isas I I!e,l riv- cr? Ohio) Savannah? I'oto.micf .-'ii^queha.mai Helawurel Hudson? Con- ""what is Uie capital of the U. Stah'S ? 1(7, kh ,ea„ from irasl.twt.m is lial- timore? Philad.ldiia? N"w York! lloston ? New Orh'nns • LininmatiM. Eouis? inMLy/romAlba.yi, lioston, New York? Montreal, liulhdo , "mat rirert, Jn».«. eapef. oeeaiis. &e.. wouhl you pass in sailing' from I'liil- adelphia to Baltiniore I from Washington to N. Orleans i Irom llostu.. to L m- eit.uuti i UNITED STATES. Square n.ilcs, ;),1-J4,000.-Populatio.i, 17.700,000.-Pop, to sq. m., 6. 1. The United States aie the most enli,i;hiened, populous, and poweil'ul country on the Western iiemispheie. ., , . 2. Tile territory is mn.-,' tl.nn QOOO n.iles lima from cast to west, ot. tlir- imrall,'! ,if -l'- N' Int., ami. IVom llie moulU ot the MiBsissippi Id lake .Superior, 1300 broiul. 3. Tlie cmttitry is at pi-esei.t divided into 30 hiates. 1 Distiict, atid 6 'rei'rit,.ri,-'s, as iti the tolliiwiiig talile : C 1. Maine. Southern S I!t. Louisiana. Eastern 8TATES. iir New y. N. llaiiipsl.ire." 3. Vermont. | 4. Miissiiehiisctts.' .States. I 'JO. Texas. ■,n. Arkansas. •J'J. T,'iiii,'ss,'i'. EsULA.'vD. .',. lUaale Islaii,!.' ( tl. Cnuictieut.' ■j;i. K'-ntucky. ■Jl. Ohio. ( 7. New Viirk." Western J '.'.-.. MahJL'au. Middle States. J 8. New .Iers,'y * j y. ronnsylvniiia.* 1 10. Delaware." .SrAi ts. ^d. Iniliaiia. -J7. Illinois. .'r', Wisconsin SolTH- ERN States. '11. Maryland.* 1','. VirJinia." 13. N. Ciirolina.' 14. S. Carolina. * 1 1.'). (ieorcia.* 1 16. Florida. 1 17. Alalmma. 1 IS. Mississippi. Territo. 1 UIES. 1 31.1. Miss,inri. f Minesota. t Missouri. J Indiuii. 1 Ori'L-on. 1 Calif.iri.ia. { .New ,M,.'.-iico. District of Columliia. 4. Tlie L'nited States were fortnerly liritish colonies, but in 17"li lliev ,h'cliii-,'d tlit'i. .selves if,,l,'piM.ilel.t. 5 At tliat lilll,t ihi^ territorv ,?.\tel.d>'(l ol.lv IVolli ill,' At- In..l'ic I,. Ihe Mi.s.si.-sippi. .\!!" Ill- ( try west of th,' Mia- sissippi, ami Florida on Hie ea.st of that river, havu beet, lidded sine. ..... ,, (1 Th,' oi.lv stall's in tin- I.i.um at its loriuation were the 13 niarkc'd with a slur. Th,' test linv,' sii.,,- h forii.ed, partly out of Ihe ii.'w t,.rritory, and [lartly by subdividing mime nf the original thirteen. , tlii.'ll ca Till' four stales. Iowa ana. t,)i;ell.er with the four territori,;s h.ilian, ai.,1 ()r,'?on, prim- Mil,l tlie whole ciuntry '^' 8.' Klorida was ceded to the Fnile.l Stales by Spain iii 18l'l; Ti'sas was annexeil. by i.e^'ol.iitMH.. N,.w M.'sii 11,1 California were addeil, by comim'st Ifom Mexico, in 18 IS. , ^ . . „ 1) Th,- t,'rrit,M'ies of Minesota and Orenon are midet a ,.,„',,',lai v,'rnni,'i.l .'sinblisli.'d by Coniiiess. The liulian, .Missouri. California, and New .Me.vico lemlones ate vet orpini/.,'it. , " 10 Th,' IsniAS Territorv lias been f;iven to ! diatis bv the o„v,.rnineiit of the riiited Stati's lor « |ici-n.a. M.ent abod,', and is ,„-,'upi,'d chh'llv by Ch,'rok,'..s hoc- taws, ('.-.'eks. and Chickasaws. wh,. bav.. r.'n.ovclthilln'r lV,ni. slat.'.s ,'ast of th,- .Mississippi within Ih,- la.sl -J,, y.'ars. anil, umli-r the instruction of Chn.stian tnissionanes, have b,',',.ini- civili/i'ii. 11. Miss,,uRi(or .NEninsKA)TERRiT,my is at lu'csent oc- ciipi.'d aliii,,-t ,'veli.siv,'ly by wil,l Iinliai.s. I'J. (liiK,eiN has s,'v,'ral lliousanil wl.ii, cl.ii'liv iH'cni.ic'd bv wil,l Imlialis. liiis a tnixi'd pop.dation ot Spaniar.Is Mkxici and Iliilians. Its limits, on the lhii',1. Santa Fe is its capital. I 14. Cai lEoiiMA is ..,ii,',l for exas, an 1 d,'- hest QuesHoii^. — 1. States ia.t,',l I 'J. 1I"W I0..1.' ami how hroail is the t,'rrit,)ry ! .1. How many stal.'S in th,' Fiiiiui ! C',,11 'lull '1,'Wlli,' .N,'W l-ln^'- hu.,1 .Slat.'S? Mi,hlle? S,ailh,'rn 1 I'm >. I Wlii'ii ,li,l the I . Stal.'S in,l,'|.,'li,l,'..l ! .',. Wlmt WHS the ext.lit of the t.-rritorv at tlint tiiii,- ' ON tin- 13 ,>ri:.'iiial i.tat,'s. 7. What slal,'S an,l t,'rrit,iri,s ,'oiiBtitiltc,l l.,misiann. whi I'-ra.ae sol'l to the I,', Slates in IHIKI > Wh,'.. ami laiv\- was Kl,,ri,la ml.le, Wlii'.i nial ho-.v. T.'Xas '. W|..'i, aii.l how, Culifornia nial N.'w M,'Xieo/ n. Whuli ti'ri'itori,'S nr,' ,irea.iize,l an,l whi uaiii/.,',! ! in. If/,,,/ is s.ml ,,f th,^ liiil.iin t.'rritory? H. of the Mis.s i ti'rritury ? 1-J. of (^,"-'011? 13 of .\,'W Nb>xico I ,if Califmiiin ' »'i s'o m s'r. ^.TfVj sfm"" ^'n 7\> 7 \5 y\3 7\l 0\9 J I til \rl ifrr^ V-t U-Ljb=< [Loi»5ltud|!W(!«IftT3ii>Cn!emilch j i \cie 4= i,- \ UNITED STATES ;^,. p. ^ f^^fborloT r' {..I'arr.'ii Birrjuiuili O .'. Siil.i Mantensr i^ Vm U.-^'nx 2!0LCTjgltude_j|SjWg8t from 1,1 :■:- \ - - yi - " - 1 i:oWatlilnRtonl4 12 10 ■ -"^'tll "iLragJartJ^ QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAP. ^^ mil is tir MAI.\K._\Vli;,t pn.viiH-i- on till- N.W. ,uhl X. „( .Mm„e ? I^i"'' "' ''"' " Ca. \\li!it|jnjvirni,-uiillii; E. .' WIml watur on tl'iu t-. f What stati' ciri til,. \V. ! W'liiit river fiinns part of llip pastern Iiijunilan,- ? Pt. C x, calleil als.i tlie .;e of the larL'.. rivers in the southern \\\v.,t lu o towns on the .\ii,lri«roL-i.-in, near its mouth ? Tin 1 nun i^. to >. ^anle the |irniei|uii mer. llli. What hiri.-e town on a harbor in Caseo hav .' l',L What 1 a., teco., An., Kc, I'l,, . What water (ui Ihc t^.K.' What slate on the .<. ' Wlial slate on the W. .1 What river .separates .New Hampshire from \ i ruioiit ' . ^^-i-V""^ " » 'rr" ™"" "■'■"•''""- ' •^''■. "•■■■ ^'■•. ' ^^'-l;'ls';l;;• iHty;:c;!i:;i7h^v;!r;i;,l,:i:;;,^r' Mr wa whi,:h,;u;;ri;™;sHak;-;n^i;;;t;{erM-r'wi.„th.ke i^\u^:V:::;i:r:i'r^::^ '::::'■ tTZ^^^^^^^^ on the western bounUarv ! \—_: What lar-e lake \ K of on \I ,, 1, i, s 1,, , , l ^i c it , I s. \M,at town ihc !«.U . corner ol the slate ' Mc. Mooscbeaii/ c-k. What lake or poniiu hit;; x'woiim;'. ' w i' ow \ ;:;,;;;;r, V'K k";^ ^ r-m r Vi'''"'; '"?■,"""■ "","'"","r"v^"'-™'"^"f""-"""^' ^^■'•• l:""l f ^-o. Whiii i„w,i o I'e 1, «, riv r , 1 V , • "*•.•'; Tl.roUL-b whal river K lake Wnmipiscogee disciiur™ its What river is the outlet of ChcsuneooU lake' P-t, W'hat nV V lut w, o, er W waters iiilo tie ocean ( Me. ' . river, the outlet of Miwseheail lake 1 K.-<: What river Ihe ItL.-or ( >, ) n W ,,, Penobscot, just above < \V Inch .s the prnaupnl river of New llamiishiro ? M,-, Dc outlet of (,-n,lia...„,. lake I A-n. Where does the 'saJo iaw- p r u d f , in r",,. ^V.' "' '"" "» "" ""-' "'''' ^"^^'^^'^'^ «"" '":"^"' H"' M-"-i'"a,. river. .1,,,,. It rises in'liie W-e koirisi'.' In W— c MtB.. in \. II. \v ,,.,.,• • nins. and niniiilii; south thnaiuh the center of tin Wl.....: .1..; 1 .-,-... . „. . " ll.lt I..«li on til,- KeniieOcc, ~e moiint- Wl ore the tl liat river drains the northern part of Maine ? St. ,1. Which to .' princijial branches oi the . innp llir imiiics of llit- tiiilowiiiL' roimticH, viz. : — t;ir tlin-c (111 tlic MitssiirliiiNrtr-^ liiif : Kill., Hli . i't'. — tin- tt)ur lit) 4'niiin'.ii,'il rivi'i- :('■■. Sn.. (Jii.. Cs. — 111.' tliii'i' ()[i tlh* Miiiiit' h«iiiiiili(i-y : SI,, CI., i'n. — tliu two in till' iiitt'iim- : ,Mk., lip. U'mkI till' iirimt's nflln- slilrt' Inwns u\' lln- clill'.rfiit nirmiii's. Wlml towiiH liitvf nvi'f ;>iiii<) inliiiiiiliiMls ! ]•{>., Nn., k',\. \\'lii(t Icmr liirL'c Iuwm-j mu thf I'l-^ruiiiiinii itml ils hriiii'lus ! Vh., Dr.. Ki-., (.1. I's. Wlml two, on llii- .NK-minac / .Nil, CiI. On what riMT is lliniiivcr / Ct. ileati till' niuiR'H uftliu towti.H uii {'niiiK'ftu'iit livcr, It.\|[.U()M)8. W'lint niili'ninls in N'l-w ll!nn|iHliiri' ? Ans. Tlii-ci' railrnml.s coiiH' I'linji Ilostnii ill Mnssin'liiiMi'ltH : mif tliruiiL'h Ni-whun [Jiirt to I'— li ; iiiiollii-r thiiiii--li lliiv.'iliill In K — r iiini i) — rj uiid ii tltinl tlmjii^li Lowell u> N— a iiml ('— tl. ^■KI{^r()^•T.— What rounlryon tli.- N. of V.'n.iui.l ? What Ptiih- on til.' K. I Whiil Mtitli''fiii tin- S. f WliMi ^t;lh• ini tin- \S'. f What rivrr sfjiariilrs ViTmont iVnin Ni w Iliiiniihhin' ? Whiit l:ilu' S(']i!irati'3 it I'niiu Xi-w York .' What laUc crossi-.s till' iiiirihiTii Ijoumlarv ! ,Mu'. Wlml rivtT i.s \hr oniht o!" lakr MiMniihrrinairni; ? S. Fs. Into what river ilocs ihr St. Francis cniiity 1 S. Ltv What ri\t'r is (he onth-t of lako Chuiniiluin ! riu. Into what rivi'i' does the Smelie cinitty / What tnoiiMtain.s traver.se the Mntii fnim N. to S. ? (Jii. Mis. In what jiart ol'thi' ran^'e tn'i> Miinsliolil iiir>iinlain ami (.'aniel'.s Uiinip, the liiL'hest peaks / In what part, Killiui-'toii peak ! What 8ill^h• moiiiilaiii on L'ninii'i-liiMit river, a liltli- .snuth of Wiiidsur/ Ay. (oi s rii:R. TOWNS. \r. Kond from the map the nanu's of tln' tollowinu' imuitit-'s, vi, — thf three uii thi) Cnnailo border . Fit., ()s., V'.s. — thij live on l-oniieelirut river: Kx., Ca., ()e., Wr., Win. — the two on the Mussachusetts iMirder: Win., lln. — tho tivo on tlu' western bonier: Itn., IU\., An., Cn., Fn. — the two in the interior: Wii., Lo. iHiKK TOWNS. I J'nrfsmnu//i. Ill tlic niouth nf the r — II, liie lirst town in A|-*}u« oil a iieiiin.-ulu iti C — o bay, with a sale and eap.ieioii.s liai'lior. i!'nii:ot\ the HMond tou n in pupiilation and eonnnerce, and tlie iliiid seat of the lninliei-liadr. is nn the V — t river, uhieh is navlL'alde to this point lor the hei-est ve.-se! Tliumtistiin, noted lor its lime, and the seat of the Male. never tliizeii. fin-fit I'nlh, on S — n V — s river; Dntrr and F.xrtrr, on two ntlier l)ran(lit's nf llie IS.'iata'pia ; and AVm//;///, on the M — V, are iar^'c inannraclnrin;.' villaL'i's. Ilonovcr, llie seat n|" Dartninntli collejrt', i^ on (' — t river. (^iialiniia.— X. Why i-* New Jlnmpshire cnlled the Hwitzor- prison, is on a Miiall iidel a little \V. id' I'eiinli.sent bay. Cnsfi/ir, noted iiir its title niilitarv position FHid its excel- lent harbor, i.s on a peiiiii>nla near the head of |' — t bay. Iliiilowf.ll, noted for its j_'ranite, i.>oii the K — *;, two nilles below AtiiTiista. land of Anie *,'. How hii:li nil' the White nioniiliiiim? HiAv tar are they seen ? What L'ives them their name ? :t. For what is the eoimtry on lake WiniiipiseoL'ee reiiiarka- hle ? -1. WhiU is the Xoteh in the White mnnntninfi ? ;*>. What iilijei'ts draw- travelers tor nh-in'me to New Hanip.shire / Ii. What in the hire of the (oiintry I 7. What i.s the prind- |ial oeeiipatioii of tlie people ! -. \Vliere are the larL'e ninnii- Onnin, at llie lower fall.-i of the I* — t ; C'l/'ii-', at tlie lower ' tin'tiiriiiL' e.stahlishnienta / !>. What port is extensively en^'ag- falis of tit. (' — s. ; Mi/r/iifti, near the month of M — s river ; and S'/';i, at the lower falls oi" Si — o liver, are nolud fur their nu- ineriius saw -mills. Ji'//ft, on the K— e, at the bend nf ship navii:ation ; Ilnnt*- irirh, till' seat of Hnwdoiii coilei.'e, on the A— n, at tlie lower bills ; and 'Jnp\h(t>ii, on the A— a, opposite Hnni.swirk, are not- ed fur ship-imildin!.'. Q'irsfi„„x.— \. For what is ^^^i1le lailed? 2. What part of the ''tale is the st popiiloim f ;i. What part ol the state is i-over ed witii tun .sis ! What valiial»l.' tri'e alHtnnds n- tlie fun-sts ? ■(. What IS the biee ot the e.tuntry .' .'.. the climate ? (i. the soil .' 7. What is the value of the hlmber annually exported / r*. t)f what state was ^blille once a part? Where an' tlie iiillowini,' towns, and li»rwlmt are tbev noted: Anirii-^la ! I'orllainl '. BanL' 1,571.— Poll, to .-r|. ni„ ;|0. 1. Tiie lofty rnountuins and l)eautii\il laiies' I' \e\v llanip.shire have acc)uircd lor it tiie iti'iiii iiu- iitiims (if till' shin- lown.s (if iiicMiiHiriTit coiuitios. juanie ()i the Swilzcr/uiid of America, itcud llic nuini'sdf tin- luilr rivurs that empty iiitdliike L^huiu plain. Mc, Lc. On., Or. (hi wlml ririri* Mimtpi'liiT? Wiiiilsnr! nrntllclKini ? Vi-r- 1 fri'tiiu's ? Miiliilclirirv ? Oil vvliat liikc, llnrliiiL,'iim / In what jmrt otthc suite, Hi.'niiiiit.;loii / MAINE. Pqunri? mile.", UJ.IOO. — Ptiimhitjiiii, .''iO],7!l:l. — Pop. to aij. ill., 15. 1. .Maine is noti,'d tor line iiarhors, the lum- ber-trade, shiii-biiilding. navigation, and the -^:1i~^-% iishi I .\ol<-/, in (he H'liiti MniiHta lUviU of Ikiiniimtnii. 'J. Tiif name Vnmoit is derived iVoin two French words, v> }•tate is well watered by brooks and niill-streania, leir 2. The H7//7c moiui/fjins nmsist of six or ei-ht i»eaUs, |„it'none of its rivers are navi-able many mile^ from ih each more than TiUOO teet liii:h. They are seen bv sailors mimtlis at sea many miles \hnn tiie eoa.st. and derive tboir name j;. i^jdu- Chaniidain is navigalde liv tlu' hirgost ves.'^ek Inan the >niiw on tln-ir top.s, which makes iheni \vluto forj ten inontli:^ in the vear. i rmr.K towns. X n7«;//yp in the W bile muuntaiu>. also "mcli;,,^,„j,j,.,,|; ,i„„i„.a o„ hike C-n. adnm-ed tor ,is pictinvs.nie scenery, t-- a deep and narniw 1 ,.^,^.,^, ^;^,^.^, ,,,,. ,„.( at which Connnodore Mncdonou-h deblo, two niiles Iohl', iornini:.' the oiiiv practicable route c, ^ i „, ,i. . n , .» ii.-.i .--.iii.iiei-..,i tbe lit oi^b in 1 '^t J i* -it ^. The population iMliietv in the south, whbin CO or 70 f„r eania"es across the mountain IniTieV fitted .mt the leet that K.mpi. nd th ltnti>b in In 14. is at ' ' • '"' '•'""'"-' ^ 'uniss MM mouniaui oaiiii I. ^j^^, Inwer 'alls of O — r c — k, wlmli is naviLiable to this miles of tl l^''*'>tll"''-""^t. ,.'''■ liuiubeds oftrav.lers visit th-- state eveiy year. b. :,. i"' .i/.i.r -e t vessels *. The northern part ot the Male is sldl covered with ....jov the ma.'nilicent pn.spect tnan the to,, nf" Nl-nm ■ '"'\';' *' ' Z';^^^^^^^ Mi.f./frhnnf. noted tor iis college and its nnivlde qinurica, (bres,., in .hill. th.. uliite ,.i,.e, tlu- i;„„i,luti,m (if the u;.l,i„„„„. th,, jims.,.;. thniu.li the N.iteh, ami the ride ;, i!;; .n'^'-ir"'!!!" "."^^ ..» ..i......e ,p,..„ie„ '"'f 'i'h;:i;;.';l;'r,-;,u,„i-v i. .r,u-..u.rnu,-.,uM.,u,^'TT""^^^ .;„.e. d,- .,> ,,,11,. fv,.,i, ti,,.',, V"";'i-;h '^r:; '^i.u::viniz^:l'«'^f^^: 1,1 lleliee ;mil reiKihscdt, umiinlaiiHiiis Tl. The eliiiiate i> healthv; liiil the winters are Imii; niul 1(1 IlKMiiitallKMl^. . - The iuhaliitan*..* are eliietlv tiinTiers and jinizief..*. Bevere. In the iiitei-Kir, siuiw lie.s tliree iir leiiv iiieiith.s in j ,., Tlieiv are wvend laiv'e I'liainilaeliirin- tiiwiis in the ,.,.^„.|, ,„„ii„tiiiis 1 Wlint is the hi t tlie e(aii,tiy r a. e^'.',;',''' ... „ 1 . 1 'Sr,. part (if the Btate, and the li-heries are carri.d oiiex- \\'-'|' 'iJI, .';„:|7 i;,' ui,;it i.< tlie stauie |in«i>"tiiin ! 'What fi. Ihe »nd IS f;enerallv f;.i.,d. e.Nee|il near tl .la.^l. teiiMVelv hum l'(irl.-in.iulli. Q II r. easlcni enost ? Ms, Wlmt capes „t Eilgiirton ( Holmes' H,)lu 7 i What river Rppnrntes Now Haven frmnFinificU county ? He. tli,^ niiiiitli nl the hay ? An. niiil r,l. What iliies tiie peninsu. iniin(i\ns I ^^1"" ""'"Iv i.s interseel.'il hy th.' Hnusiilnnie ! I,, I. la nl ea|ii' Coil r,'s,'nilil,^ ? .!«-. A man's ni-ni hint inwaiil Imlli I »• .1 ■ • i i , ,' ",. .... Wlial are llie eapitals nl th,' slat,' .' 11,1.. Nn. ()nwliatri\. nt the elhow anil tl„. wrist. What hav within llie inni-r shore I Ij"™"^ Hq •'"".''''!''' ™''™''', ''V'" "'''''"''"''''■''' ""'''■■■ I ''i" i« HaiUor.!? Ct. What i-hv on the (■onneilieut helow of the peninsula ? C. .. Ih., an,l Nt,. to : Harlfor.l, at the ereat henil \ Nin. Wlmt cilv at the mouth isthmiLs.' liil's. What two i.slanils .simth of the peuiiisilla //',!;'";'*"'''; '''V'"'"'''''i;'^ , , , ,„ , nf the Thames ? Nu. What cilv at the I.einrof steam ni.vi. Nt. .M, \il. -•'•""'"• lo l,n« ell, Willi II I, ranrli In Ar.nnil 111. ami a e,.n " -■ What mimnlains cross Hi,' stale frnm Verninnt iiiln Oum.Tli. "';;"",J',;" '" .^'''i"!""' ""'I (■"iieonl in .\, 11. cut >. (in. What siiiL-ie niniiulain near llie \ W ,-,,niir nf ' ,,'|' ■' " ''/'•'''''"• Ihroniih \\ r. ami S.|. In IM., ami llience In ;!::; Wt],aini;io,i^'"H;''^n """" "' ' ■•"■'" '■'^^^ i:°JW;;;!'[o'p:;,^Xiee ^'ku , ^Vl.a, rail,o„,,s i„ f ectient 7 A,... Three railioails ems, ,ii^'''''^r''wh:;:::,!^;';^::;':!,r;:;:^:^.':--:7"^'T'--! — ■ t.^i:^^^:(tr::T^:^^,^:2iz'^:^.::^: Ill III . ni ■ >^ iiiii Lrt'iH 1 1\ (T I iiiis I'liliH'iv 'Tnss til' wi'sit' Ji x' .1 ■ 1 1 1 'im « \" ■ t j 1 1 ■ . 1 . v 1 i.nitnf III.. sr-H.w Ct \V'l,..i inr ;,,„.(.. V II "'",:'" N;imo tli.-- ipnnciiuil riniit s. '. Hio ^nrwirh nii>l Worn^hr roiut, run. Ndnvic ., m. the pa.,ses from Worcester comilyhilnl(l,n,leI.siimnii '"'f ,^ ' , , , „. , ■, -• •^'■"■/''''■' "''";//•''■ "'■'^"'''"■-''"'-Mlinse twn eines ami •" ""■• , ■-'. Ill'irhslom: from Wnrcesler, ilnwn the vnllev of B— e riv '" l»',''."litinileil np the valley nl llie Cnnne.lieiil |o SpriiiLliel,!. CiiU.STlES ASD Tow.vs ' '''' '" ''''■ '" "hnil,' Isliinil. " | :'. V'/.i' I liiKsiiluinc niilnrciil. Irnin llriiliri'i nrl. up the viill,.y . , . , ■'■ IliimiUiri- iii„l /l,ini/iilrii,{riim N'nrtliampinn soulh to the ^ "'''"' Housalonie lo the iHiiimlaiv lin,' lalween Mas.saehuselts \\ Inch IS the wesliTiimnsi cnunly > II,.. What lliree states Cnnuecticut hounilarv, where it meets the Fimnilmton canal i "'"' ^'"'^^ '^'"'''*' " ''"I" «'''*' of I'ltt-'Helil. Iinriieron Biukshnv ! Vt., .V, ■\'., l 'l. What llir •niinlies are ' , " ' What ennal in this state ! ihviileil hy Cniine.lieut river ? Kn. Hiv, llii. What .nuiily in fnNNICCTiCUT.— What state on tlie V nf fnnneelient ? ' -l"-- i''.i""ile-'lnn ea.ial, frnlii New Haven lo Faniiiiieton, ami the eiuiler ot the slate boril,TS nn tin ' ■ ' ■•'■ '■■■ ' ■ ... .'atiiiii on the Thanies 7 Nh. n.VIt.ROAPS A.S"I> TAN AT,. blehenil 1 rialein .' (iloneester ! Taunton ' .N'l-w lieillorii ' I'lv- mouth' HanistalL'.' riovineetoH n .' Wunciter .' Ainlieibt'' '.0 coivriKs AMI10UN3. I u'l'™""!!"'!^ '"'■ ■ ^'"""' "'^' '"'•'■''■''' '•■*'■""' i" ■Niirraaansett What four counties on Long IslamlscjumI' F,l., Nn , Mx„ .Vn. I the N.lv'arm of Narra^isett hay is calleil Mount Hopo f ^M0i' *^^)f9BMl||M!IK9P'^' MASSACHUSETTS, CONNECTICUT, AND RHODE I i^ F, A N D. 91 f biy-^whit rlvfV from MtiiNtichuKi'ttx eiii[itic« into it f Tii, The N.W. Arm of NnrritjrHUKc'.t bny i« rallfd Pniviilpiice bay ^whnt river (hn'n it vimm-Ivp tnni NIusiitirliiiiii-ttH i U»'- What iitlntiti iH'liincim? t4) tin- atiitf, hull way W'twei-n Point Judith aiiil Miiiiiiiuk I'oliit 7 Hit.. W'luit t)iriM> cuuutiui on tlio weit ilioro lit' Niirru^Htiat^t hay I I't.. Kt,, Wii. What ruilrornl in IUuhUi Uliitnl ? An>t, Krniii Proviiienre tn S— II in CintniTlii'iit. VV'hiit ciiniil ? Anii. PInrkHtuno euiml, from Proviili'iKu up tliu valU-y oi tliu Utuckittuno l<> W — r, in MaHiflnlHiNcttii. Nnmc flin rnpitnJB nf nhndo Nlnnrl. Po,, Nt. f)n what inl and if NfW|»iirt / it. I. Wjiich wny frtmi Newport ia Uriatnl i Wliioli way from I'rnviticuru in Piiwtuckot? MASSACHUSETTS. Bqunre mllcf, 78()0.— Populntion, 737,099.— Pop. to «q. m.. M. 1. Massarhnsi'ttH is ni>to(l for the energy, publir spirit, and rlarini; cntcriM'isc ot'licr sons. pi- 2. She \vii» 111'' lir.re money to curry on llie Uevolulioniiry war llian any olliiT colony. 3. Tile peopli' me lanKJus for Ihe lilnTiility with which they 8U|ipurt literary, humane, and reli-jious institutions. 4. Their coUe^'es and hiL'h-schools are more numerous, ami better endowed by private nuiiiiflcence, than those ol' any other state. 5. The slate derives its name from ihe bny on which it is situated, and is olien culled tlie Bay .Slate. 6. The coast is loiifc' and irre;;ular, and has more good harbors than any other'in Ihe Union, except that of ^Ia^le. 7. The connti-y west of Conneeticnt river is nioniitainons ; east of that rivcM-, miihilatiiij.' or hilly, except the southciist- ern counties, wliic'i are level and siindy. 0. Thi^ soil is comparatively poor, but hi^'lily cultivated. !). The people depend for sulisistence, to a (.'real extent, on the lisheries. navi:jation, commerce, and mannfaclnres. II). In amount of ship|iiiiu' .\hi.etls is the lirsf state in tiie t'hion, and sh(. has nearly as many vessels and men in the whale-li^hi'lv as EtII the world besides. U. Tlie cod-li. hcail of Ma^^achnset•.s bay. Il has an excel- lent harbor, aral more slopping! and commerce than any city in Ihe liiion, except .New Vork. Uecenlly. it has ob- tuiiicd (.'i-eat advantages from its railroads, and a regular line of steamers to tjiro[M'. ('Iiiirlrs/iiini. famiais for the battle of Hunker Ilill, is on n peninsula just norlh of Huston, aial conm'cteil with it by Bev(.ral bridi:es. Ciimhriili;i\ the seat of the oldest and besl-enilowed nni- versily in America, is Iwd miles .N,\V. of Hostou. On tho coast .N.IO. of lloslon an', Jjjiiii, fanioMs for ihi- mannfacttire of wnttieii's sb.>es; N. What is the clmrsc- ter of the const ? 7. face of the country ? 8. soil 7 9. occupations of the people ? 10. How iloea the state rank in nmouiit of shipping? I.^at in the whale-lishery ( 1 1, ia the cod lishery 1 Pi. What are the principal inanahictures ? 13. How does the state raiil^ in density oipopulatina J What is the capital of Mn.Rsachusetts ? Wliere, and for what famous, is Boston 1 C'haricstown / Ciimbriil^e .' I-ynii / ic. CONNECTICUT. Squiu-c mile", 4780.— Population, 309,378.— Pop. to jq. in,, 65. 1. ConneoticiU is celebrated for her com- mon schools, and the good morals, equal con- dition, and steady habits of her citizens. CIIIEr TOWNS, IlAnironn, one nf Ihe capitals of tho state, and thn seat ol Wiishiii;;!on college, is a lloinisliing trading and mami- factin iiig town, in the midst of a fertile country, at the head of sloop navigation on (.'onneclicut river. Nkw IIavkn, the ollur capilal, noted as the seat of Yale college and niiini.roiis hiuh-schools, is beaiitifully situated on a targe plain, bounded on three sides by niuiinmins and liills, at the head of a bay of bona Island sound, which Ibrnis a safe and spacious, but shallow harbor. .Vcic I.imdim, with it tine harbor, at the mouth of the T — s, and SInninglon, in the .S.I;. corner of tho state, are largely engaged in ihe whale and seal fisheries. S'onnck is a manufacturing town, with ample water- power, at Ihe head of sloop navigation on the T — s. Snijhrnok, the first spot occupied by the English in Con- neeticnt, is on C — I river, nt its inoiilh. Miildlftnwn, Ihe seal of Iho Wesloyan university, is on C — t river, at tho sreat bend, Uritlffcpnrt, a nourishing trading town, has a good har- bor, a little W. of the mouth of the 11 — c. Question!!.— \. For what is Connecticut noted? S. What is the aiiumut of the school fund 7 How iloes it compnre with the schiKil funds of other states? 3. What are the occupation and condition of the moss of the people ? 4. What is the face of the country? the soil 7 5. the state of agriculture 7 6. What manufactures 7 7. Why is the |Kipalntion stniioiiary 7 What is the charac- ter of the emiu'rants from Connecticut ? 8. lor what is Yale collei;e ilistinuuislied 7 What are the capitals of Connecticut 7 Where is Hartford, and tor what noted 7 Where, and for what noted. New Haven? New London 7 4o. RHODE ISLAND. Sqimre miles, 1251.— Populntion, 109,?30.— Pop. to «q. m., 87. 1. Rhode Island is the smallest state in the Union, but more extensively engafrcd in man- ufactures, in proportion to her i)opulation, than anv other. 'J. Tlio iuiui for tlie suppnrt of cnminon Ri'hools cxrecils |*,',OI>U.UOO, l)L*iniz lar^'fT, in proportihips, and has been well forlitied by the I'. S. government. Qiifsttotis\ — 1. Wliat is the coninnrntive size of Ithode Isl- Innil ! For what is the state imteii i '.?. rnmi what does it de- rive its niinie ! \i. What is the face nf the ctunitrv ? A. the soil? Whore is Providence, and for what noted ( ])o\v many cot- ton and woolen mills within 20 miles .' Where is Newport, niid lor what noted ? Scale of Mllet -^ ^1 ..r ^■■iiilP XaDgltudeWwt h- -Vl l.i.i'1 11 ,1, 1 , Hill I - 31 fromWathlngton (M Lom^tin QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAP. To be oiujcercd without the hook. NEW YORK.— Wluit onmitry on the N. of Now York ? Cn. VVh:it three states ltd till! E. / \ t., Ms., <*t. W'imt twoori tlie 8. ? N, J., Pa. WImt country im the W. nrui N.W.? Cii. What twu hikoH ami two rivers rliviiie New Yurk IVmu I'liper (-amula? Lakes Ei*. and On.; nvers Nn. and S. Le. Wlial lake between New Ynrk and Vermont? ('n. What lartrc isl- and tbnns part of the state, at its S.E. extremity ? ^/j.s. I.ont^ Island. WImt iKtdy of water between Loni,' hland and Cim- necticut? L. I. Hd. Which is the largest river in the state ? Iln. Where does the Hudson rise I Am. A littU? west of tlie south end r»f lake C — n. What larije city at the mouth of the Hudson ? X. Vk. Which ia the principal branch of the Hudson .' Mk. What is the general course uf the Hudson ? What the ^'eneral courne of the Mohawk ? What river crosses tlie western part of the state from Penn- sylvania to lake Ontario / Ge. What river disr-harL'i's the wa ters of eiLdit Kniall lakes into lake ()nt:trio ? Oo. Name the three laru'cst of the uiu'ht lakes. On., C'u., Sa. What hiri,'e river enters lake Ontario near its outlet? Hk. ThrouLdi what river or strait do the waters of lake Krii? run into lake Ontario / Na. What famous fallH in this river t \Vhat large city on lake Erie at it3 outlet ? lio. What river »jrui» the outlet of lake Ontario ? 8. Le. What is the capital of New York? A v. On wliatrivnr is A! bany ? What larL'e city on the other side -tf the Hudson a little alxive Albany, and opposite the mouth of tlie Mohawk? Ty. What canal crosses the state from Butl'alo to Albany? Ee. What canal from Albany to the southera extremity of lake Clmmplain ? ("u What rity on the iJencsee ri\cr where tlie Erie canal crosses it ? Hr. Which way from Albiiny is New York/ BulValo? Um-hester ? lake Chnmpfaiu? How far is the Hudson navi^'able for steHmboats/ Ty. What mountains near Cutskill. on the fKirders of (Jreene and rister fuuntied ? 01. What mouutaiiiK in Uulrhess. Putnam, and Oranu'c counties, liimcil !iy the Hudson at West I'oirit .' Hs. What mountains in E.ssex county, we^t of lake t'ham plain? Mn. What i.^ the lui-ht of Mt. Marcy, the Jutiheat peak of the MoheL'an mountains / What parallel oflatitude forms the northern Inmndary (tf the : state ? What parallel, part ot the Houtheni boundarv ? " What river, a pan of the boundary on the side of Pennsylvania ? De. , To be (iHsirrntI fivm the map. cuLNTii:s. Uead from tbe map the names of the foUowinar countiea, viz.: the three on Loin,' Island: c^k., Qs., Km. — the three between Hutlson river and Comiectient : Wr.. Pin., Ds.— the t^vo he- twcer- Hudson rivt-r and Maswachnsetts : Ca., llr — the tive on the west bank of the HudHon, between the New Jersev line and the miinlb iif the Mohawk: Hii., Oe.. Ur.. Ge., Ay.— the three un the Hudson, above the Mohawk : Sa., \S'sn., \S'rn. — the two 4in lake Champlain. above lake; Georue : Ex., ('n. — the two on the .St. Lawrence : .S. Le., Jn. — thi' seven on lake Ontariti : .In., Oo., Cn., We., Me., Os., Na. — the two on lake Erie : Ee., (U;. — the two on Delaware river: Hn.. I)e. the Kcvni on the Prnn- sylvanla line : lie., Ta., ('-., Sn,, Ay., Cs., Ce.— the four divided by the Mohawk: 8y.. My,, Hr. Oa. What LTcat river of I'cnnsylvania receives tlie waters of Ot- set?o. Chenango. Cortlanrlt. Broome, Tiot:a, Chemung, and Jsteu- bfu counties ? 8a. What branch of the 8us(iueltanna intt r sects CbenaiiL-o county ? Cn. What branch nftbi' Susfpiolian- na receives the w ateih of Stiiibcn and CliemunL' rounties ? Ct;. Where does the ChemunL' Join 'lie SiiH<)iifhanna ? Aitf. At As., ui Pennsylvania, a tew miles S. of the N. Y. line. Where dors the Su.s<)ui-hanna rise? Ann. In Oo. lake in Oo, county. What lake between Washington and WaiTen counties 1 (Je. Iiitn what lake dues lake Gcnr-e empty, and at what point ( Cn at Ta. What hnee island in Niaeani river, above the falls' Gd. What island between Loii:.' Lsland and the Jersey shore? A/18. Staten Island. What county does 8tatcn Island (bnu ? ltd. nAii.HoAns. Describe the following railroads, viz. : 1. Acfc York and Eric railroad. Ana. It commences nt Pier- inont, on the- Hudson, in Hockland county, and piisKe.'j tlmmi^di every county on the southem border ofthe state, uiul by the towns of Gn., I)t., Bn,, Oo., Ea.. Ci:., He., and On. to Dk., on lake Erie. N.B. It is only half linislierl. a. The lute (jf' rail roads f ram New York. Ihrautih Albany, to Bifjfato. An.^i. It commences in the city of New ^ ork, and |)asses tlinmLdi the counties of Wr., I'm.! Ds., Ca., and Kr to Albany, ami thence throueii the towns of Sy.. la.. He.. An.. Ga., Ca., and Jlr. tn Bullalo, on lake Erie. N.B. The part between New York and Albany ia just commenced; the rest is lintshed. :(. .n:henecttidi/ atid Saralot^'a railroad. Ans. It passes from Scliencctadv through B — u to Saratoga, with a branch from II_,i t.. T— y, 4. J/ud.son and lierkahire railroad. Am. It passes from Hud- son city across C — a county to the western line of Massachusetts. 6. Oweiro and Ithaca railroad. Ann. It passes tnan Owego, on llie 8 — a river, to Ithaca, at the southem extremity of C — u lake. -p^-- j«i>iiii>iiii]|iim"»"'^ 15 "iitrr 11 ^' ii lu' Susht ia llnisliL'd. \ plisse.') t'rnm bruncb ti'om ses from Hud- liiKsacbutietts. tntni Oweuo, eniity of C — u (\. htnr ftfnn^f rnihoad. Ann. It rnriHiK'iK'HH nt B — n, tn» Lnni? UIiuhI, n|»p(inite Now York, find |m«(»e« tlimugli J— a uihI li— il ItJ (> — t, at the eait end of the iNland. Dt^srriho the fnllnwihR rnimln, viz.: 1. /■'nrruHol. Aim, It rnininenii-N at H — n, nn lake Krii\ and pBB«en by the town* of I,t.. Hr, Ls,, Hn., to Home, and tbi-nru liown the valh y nfihe MohiiwU, by Th. rind Sy., to Albany. 'J. ('hfiinfj/iiin rumil. Aha. U i-tirnnienerH nt W — I, at th Hiidfiiiri. nnd tlienoi! idonu the nankd of that river to thti liiuuth of the Mohawk, where it iinitei with the Krie eannl. Five lateral or side rnnals connect (he Krie canal with im- portant naviuahle walerd: de.' world, while' Trenton falls, ami' lakes (ieorge, Cayuga, and Seneca, aru uilmired fur tl-:'- beamy hy every traveler. 8. The miiienil springs of Saratoga and Pallston are the resort in siiniiner of the gay and liishionalih' from all parts of die I'uiled States, and the waters are e.vported e.vlensive- ly to otln>r countries. f). The salt springs of Onondaca are the strongest in the tTiiian. and supply n laryepart of the state, uial of the \V.:.,1- I'ni States, with .salt. to. The Dutch were the original settlers of New York; liut two thirds of the present inhaliitanls are emigninis from New Kngland, or their desceiid.uiis. N R \V YORK. NIAOAUii VMA.n. S3 At ii« pIIImx from hike Krie, Mnimm river, llirrr nimrler* "I a mile widi-, and from ID to (ID fret de.p, llow» with n current of 7 miles an liuiir .\s it proceeds. Ihe river wid- ens, and imhosoiiis (hand and Navy Island,, which lermiii- 1 ni'.wof-TO mile, went of H r ate m heaiitilul point- a mile and a half ahove the fall.. Be- ' low tho islands are rapids, which extend a mile, Uj the prBt- ipice, 111 which spacu the river desiends ,07 feet. At the precipice it is three foiirtha of a mile wide, II. •re Ooat inl- and divides the river into two channels; and the cliaiiiiel between Goat island anil the eastern or .\meiicaii slmro in also divided by a small island. (Jver the precipice the riv- er lulls perpendiciilariy about Kill feet. .Much ihe greater part of the water passes in the chaiine! betweiMi (ioat island and the Canada shore, ami this tall is calleil. from its shape the Horseshoe fall. Between fioat island ami the small isl- uihI 111 the eastern channel the stream is only H or 10 yards wide, toniiing a beaiitihil casiadi'. Hetweeii this small isl- and and the .Siiiericaii shore the sheet of water is broad iiiid the descent greater by a few feet than at the ilorsi'shoi' tail, but the stream is comparatively shallow. The best single view of the falls is IVo.,i Tal.l.; Itock, on tho Caniula shore anil the best view of the rapids is from Coat islami, which IS ingenioasly connected by a bridgi' with the east- ern shore. I li" iilv >iiu wll'imHl much froiii »ire« i Hiid at llio anM Mre III Hi;),-,, mora thnn flOO iiii>ri'», with their coiilents, y»t uiHl at »',Ml.nnO,000, mid covering 110 wren of ground, were coiisnnied in a single night. The city la au|>pliei| with water from Crotnii river, in the iioriherii part of VVestchest.r c ity, bv an aipiednct 41 lliUeii long, complnted in lU I.', at an I'xpense of I'^.OUO 01)0 (lollars. At »*xr, the capital, on tho west bank of the Hudson, n lew miles below the miailh of the Mohawk, at the (ermin- "ling |>oinl of the Krie aiul Champliiin canals, ami of s«v- uriU riiilroiuls, In im old, wealthy, triiding town. Ainoiitf till) othor towns nre, \\i;l I'tiiiit Ihu lent of Ihe inililsrv ncmleniy of the MmuA v""7^"' "~" ^"'''^ '" ''"' "'"bhiinli; Srii'lmrg. tin, ilepei of h Hiui grmiiiif cuuntrj— on the H— n, » little iilsivii West Point; I'liiillhkrriiw, the depot ,if a rich ngriciiltiiral and niaiaifsrtur- 1111/ ilislma— in I)— • county, on H— n river ; lliiilniiii. a trailiiiif Uiwn.'wilh sevoral ships in thn wlmlo fish- "'Xjr"" " "'"''■' '" ''~" coantv; rrni) tho aiiat of an active trade, and numerom fartorios— on the II— n, at thu head of slisii, uavi.iiiion ; Srhnerlnilu, an ancient Licitcli town, tin; aoat of I'liion col- Ibkc— iMi M— k river ; / 'nrri, tlin great central thoroughfare of tho itatn— in O— a county on M— k river , .Si/rfinitf and Siilinn. isited for »xteniive aalt worka— ou OiionilaKa lako and E— e cunal ; Auburn thn inat of one of tho atatepriioni— on O— o lake, at lis outlet; Hmlirtirr, fnmoua for Ihe largrst flour milla in the world— on u— o river, ni'ar Ita innutli ; iM-kihirt, whern the Kriu canal ilescends bv fivp rtnnble locka frcuii Ihe hiTel of Inke Krie, and furnulics an iiumeiiic walcr- niiKF rowN^. New VoiiK, the iirsi commercial cilv in America, is ail- miralily siluati-d lor trade, at the inoulli of the V idson, on a spacious bay, which forms one of the finest harbors in the About two Ihirds of the tliiei,.'ii goods consumed in _ ;" i"i' imported here, and till' revenue to the r, ^; "'""' ', " "" ''"■'" ''■'■" '"■'■" i" '*""i'' vears ^•JD.linij.oiio. Ifegidar lines ot packi'ts connect New Vork with Ihe priii- npal p,als in the Southern States, West Indies, and S. Ainer- world. Hie V. State I ic;i, anil with I, nnd iml lla "■iHivrt, HiiJ'irru,, [U,. prii,ci|iiil coiniiieiciul port of lake Ontario-at tlio inoiitli ot (I— o river ; K'l'-l<-irH llnrhnr, the naval station of the raited Stntes on lake 111 iirio .hirinu' the Inst war with (Jrciit Dritnni— near Hi.) inoiitli r,f II— k rivi'r ; Vliitlthidn, faniotis for the naval hiittle of Peptomber Jllh Ifll. in « ilch the Aniericnn Meet, under M'TJonoac-h, captured a Hrilisli tle,,t o| supi'nor li,rcC-oii hiko (j— n, at the muuth of ■j;,n>iiii[ f 84 NEW JERSEY AND PENNSYLVANIA. ' (lull I lliu Ui'liiwiirK, iippiiilK' I'liiliiili'l' UhI III' tlio KliilD, mill fun pliJH, mill piiiRt's thniiiuh HI' im fur tliii victory iif Wwhliigton 111 iiikI H il'ii nvnr ill" Ilrilmh iiimI llrMinim ill l*7tl. Auiliiiy, lit lliu iiuiulli ui ihi> lliiiiiiiM, jWiivuA, nil llii' rii"iiic. II iiiili'* I'liiiii Ni'Wwk Imv, U Ihfl wli.iHi' »liiiiiniri |iiui Ihruugli llic KilU] ||,f„,.,t iiiwii, niiil iililiriiliil Inr ill iiiiiiliutiiri' iif iliiiM mill iHl'rillk'i''. mill '"i ll"' i "li'i "iml" in lliat viiiiilly. I'lillerii'H, nil III!' riiKKilii', 111 it" liiwir tiillii, la iiiik iif tlin iiiimt iiiiiiiiiluiii iiiniiiirri) rollniml. ^1'. It iiiiii , : iiii'Mi'ia nt.li'i'ni'v I'ilv. iiinl pniiii'a tliruiiuli i Nk., Kii.. mill lU., ill 'rii'iilMii Wliiit li.iir riiilnm.l« bruiKh from llm i» imli'il i'"|»'< inlly tin- il« i I'tlmi mill". Ni'W .Ii'mry niilniiiil f Sftr ItnttiHirirk.itn li— iirivrr, in tlii< flrnt nf HiltKori cultcfftt, .l/i< I Kiiiiii II piiliit notr Jeraey city ,^,\ „| ,, |i,.|iirnioil Dnh li llu-iiliiuiiiil ni'iiiinnry. til i'llltiTSUII. •J. Kiiiiii Ni'wurli lliroiiijli Cm. to Miir- riiitiiwn. .1, Kiiiin Kliialvillitown to Kimiprvillc. 4. FtBin Trenton tn Uorduiitiiwn. I TOWSIl. I Wlitif town nn the S. Jcrnfi/ nnlrotnl, nt itn iMnli^ni ti-niiiimtliiii ' J- I'v, : nt the cmiiiiinif iillliii I'nKniiii' ) Nk. : ilfow inili'l 8,W. 1)1 Ni'wnrk ( Kii ; nt tlui cruniiiiil ol'tlm llnrilniif »■ Hk : »t tlio wmti'liil on til" IJclnwnre I Tii IIVki/ loifn on Ihr Dilnimre, at llio low or l«ll«. jiHt nlKivo tlin uTi'at lii'nil I Tii i nt thi' L-riMil lii'iiil / H'll'n : jmt liplriw tin- j L-riMit liiiiil I Uln: op|Hi«ile I'liilailfl plilii I ('II. H7i(// /"ten 1"! Ihf Rarilnn. nt ita imiutli ' Av. : nt tlia head of liiivinntioii, whi'rii the Diilnwura and llaritnv caiiul j tcriiiinntea I N. Bk. I What liiree toivi on Ike Puntme, ncnr litnnimuhf Nk. Wlinttinvii ntthe fnlla, wlieru n rnilioad liuni Jeracy city toniii- , natca I I'li. I'riinrhiii, tin- ai'llt nl' llii' rnlieu'e iif Ni'W Jeraey, and a I'ri-a ' liylerinii liii'nliiuii-ni ai'niiiinr>. ninl niid'il I'nr n vittniv "t Wuall- iiiljtiiii Dvnr the Ilriliali in 1(77, ia 10 inilea N K ol T — a. QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAP. NEW .lEU.-iKY.— Wliiit Btnto (in llie \. nl' New .lemov? Whnt stntc nnd wlmt wiilir iiii tliu E. 1 Wliiit wiiter on llie S.W'.' U'lintslsti'iinthc W. ? Wlmt river spiinrntis the atiite from Pi'linsvlvuniii .' Wlmt river sepnriites it fiiiln New York ' ■Wlmt islmid lietwceli the .lerney shoie nnd Loiiu' lalnnil >. Sn. Id. Wlint liny imnli "' 'li'' N.W. point nf Sinten Island } Ans. Newark hay. Wlmt hnv on the NE. of .Slnten Islnnd ? ylK,5. New York tinv. Wlml bay on the S.E. (.rStiiten Isimid? | ^ j , , nevoliitionarv wnr, this stato, for wvornl Hii. What strii tninneiis Rurilan hnv with .Newark nml New "'unnr, ". ,.,,,,.■,,,•,;, i („„„.;„„„„„„;,... York bnva \ An>. The Kills. Whiit -strait hetween I.oii:,' nnd >'™T. "US ncenpieii l,y the Unt.-li and AnioiK ui iir Staten Islands eonneetiim' New York bay with the ocean I Ns. ; ami in iimportioii to iiopnlain.n a.i.l w-onllh. her ln.^8 in men N.n-Tlie n™™.- ycu.,rk hn,, .Yr», For;! I,a«. nnd ./,. A',;;,, are not '""1 r'l'crty was greater llian that "f ""V oilier stale. At onihe map, hilt lire readily idcntitied from the description. iiiiiu lime the New .lersey mililia cuiiatitutcil the prmeiiial What cape nt the sonthem extremitv of New .Jersey ' My. i rt'e"K'j' "'' \\■''«.1''"''•'•"»'^'V'"'>■• ., , „ . Whnt famous eapc on the S. side of tho entrance of Ilaritau i 2. 1 lie coarf islinc.l with Ion,!;, muTow wlamla. Hetween bay ? .SY. Hk. I 'lie ishimls anil tlr What river drnins the CTenter part of Pnssnie nnd Morris with sea-marsh anil swaliips. enuiities. nnd elii|ilies into Newnrk hny ? Pe. What river drains the ^Tenter part of Middlescs, .Somerset, and Hmiterdon countiea, and empties into llaritiiti hny ? Rn. To he answered from the map. COf.V'TlES. Whnt county at the southern extremity of the -.tnte? Ce. My. ' „„„ . ,,,„ i-ii,. „, Wlint other county on Delaware bav? Cd Wlmt seven eoun- liarrcn ; tlie hill) » lieson Delaware river! What three on the northern boiiiidary ? ainolis (li.slnct l.s a line ^'la/.iii What eight un the eastern border ? What two in the interior? i (i. Garden C.tSAI.S. Describe the fullowin 1. The Morris canal. poaite New Y'ork, nnd passes liiittie fij I'nncttiiit. Freehntit. the ahiretown of Muimiuuth county, ia noted (or the battle of Monmouth in 1778. Amlto^, noted fur ita flue harlKir, is nt the mouth of II — n river. /.onir Ilrntich, a favorite reaoit of the I'hiladelpliinna Ihr aui- bntliiiig, ia on the aensliore, a li^w iiiilea aouth of Handy llook. QtteHttom. — 1. For whnt ia New .Jersey noted 7 2. Whntpo- eulinrity on the conM * 3. Whnt hnrbors between Cape \Iay and Saiiily IIiKik ( 4. Face of the country 7 5. Hoi 17 0. Aij ricultural productions? 7. Mineral production? H. What large coiiuuereial city ? How ia her traiie carried on 7 U. Chief uc* eupatiuna of the people ? Where, and for what noted, is Trenton 7 Newnrl, 7 4e. QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAP. PENNSYLVA.NIA.— Whnt state on the N. of Peniisylvnnia? What state on the E. 7 Wlmt three statca on the S. I What I two states on the W.I What parnllel of Intiliide tbrnia tho Inortheni iKiuiidai'y ? What lake tuuehea tho N.W. comer? Ee. ' Whnt river, ruimiiiu: in a ziezai; line like llie letter W, aenn- rates the stale IVian .New Y'ork und New .leraey ! De. What L'reat river riin.s entirely across the suite from New York, in a I zii-'zau courao like an N, into Mnryliilid ? Hn. What ureut river ill the western part ol' the state, foniied hy two hrani'hea, one from New Y'ork, nnd the other from Viruinin ? ()o. What iwo rivers iinile to lonn the Ohio I Ay. nnd Mn. Wlint two ereiit trihiitaries nf the Siisiiileluilinn froin this stale ? Wl. Hh. nnd ,ln. Wlmt three large tribulariea of the Delaware? .<1 . I-h . I.ii. How laruc a part of the atnte ia drnined by the Ohio 7 Am Alsint one third. How larL;e a part by the Suai^uchaaiia? Am. AlHiiit one half, mainland lU'c shallow liava, boideie.l ! , '•\l"'' ■•»■"•"' "f nionntaina eiitera the atnte below Ka«l^" "" I the Delaware. ai;il proceeds h.W . hy ItenihliL; on tlio fcirl,u;,lHlII, hclow Hnrrishiirunn the Siisiniehaniia, nnd bet w en Aditi. .t a-.d Franklin ciaiiitiea into Mary hind? .Ii/ii. The It i II -i What , ranue nt niiiiiiitains cniuinenees neiii- the .\.F.. ( . :ii( i ui .h< atnte, The sniulieni half of the state is low anil level ; the crosses the Sus(|iieliani.a nl Towumhi, the West Hrnneh of the us()inrliaiiim at FairaiidsviUc, nnd passes hetween Hedtord and Somerset counties, into .Maryland ? Ay. \\'Iihi is the idiarnc. I NEW JERSEY. .«i|iinrr ulUe«, 79 18.— Populntion, 37;l,;)0ll.— Pop. to sr]. m., 47. ! 1. New Jersey is noted for Iwr siitlerings, fulelity. ami putriolisiii in the Revokitimiiu-y i war, and for several memorable battles. essela from Sanilv i i ;). There is nn ponil liiudior for lur^ Hoidt In Cape Mav 4 " nortlierii half hilly, unil the e.\tieme iiurlhern part mount aiiious. cnniitry o. U.K. Hit. .isclaliles. iippli's, iieaehes, and other fine fruits, ure raiseil in aliimilu.ee i" 'lie liilly section for the I New York and Philadel.dila '^larii ts canals, VIZ. : t„„„,.„!,,. „„ ' 7. Tfon is made in lurfre (i .caa' itj'M Iroin the :re, particu- An!i. It conmiciires nt .Tersev eit^', op- ,,..,. . '^ ' * bvthetownsofNk. nnd Pn.. and I'lrlym .Mm.-iseoinity. „ . , throu'.di MniTis coiiniy in Delaware river, opposite the mouth of D. New Jeis(;y Ims ii. ..ft;o eni.,iii.rcua c;iy. Her trade the I.idiiLdi Thmu.yii this canal the Lehii-di coal ia brought to is .iirneil on chieHy throui.'1 tlio (►.•i-ta of Now York and 5. The aonlhem part of the state is chiefly a samlv pine j ter of the i;ountry hetween the Hliie llidu-e and ihe Alleehany - tioii has a good soil; and the liiomit- mountiima ? /l(i.s. it is traversed by numi.ioiis parallel ndgoi the .New Y'ork market, a. 'J'he DeJinvfirr tiiul New Brunswick on the Rnritan ' Philadelphia I). The peojile are occupied chiefly in fanning! but there . Muiiu,|g„in.lu ( p~g of mountains. Where is the nnthrncite eonl reeion of Pennsylvnnin 7 An*. It is the country about the head. waters of the backawaxen. Lehigh, and ticliuylkill rivers. To be anstrered from the mop. What seven counties on the norlhern himlidarv 7 What seven on Delaware river? What nine on the soiithein houndary 7 What six on the western hounihiry ? Ac. W'hot town nt Ihe fnnetton nf the Schuylkill and Didaware 7 Pa.: nftlie Lidiiub and Delaware ? Kii. :"nf the Alleehany niul B'd u on the Delaware. Il is a sio<..p deep. n.4lI.ROAD9. Describe the foUiiwing railroads, viz. : 1. tV/W(i(/i aay. mitl a IVfi- tiiiy m( Wuall- ul T— a. t ^ iii iKited tor thfl hnf 11 — n river. Ipliiaiii tor loa- t Haii'ly lI(A)k. 7 2, WhntPo- vvn Ctipt' Mny I. Koil? 6. Ag- H. What large i7 M. Cljiofoo- -varl; 7 &r, HE MAP. riNMinHvlvftniat ili.-sJ What ituih- tbrms tlio N.W. comer? litter W, drpa- • f iJr. What Nrw York, in a II. What urcat v two hrutit hux, nil/ Ou. ;iri.lMu. What hiBMtllll' f Wt. tho I)fhiware 1 he Oliio? An» |uch;uir!a? Ant. )elt)w I'.nfitnti oil mthofci,l,M.^miII. ttf.'-rh Aihn. * aiuj -fli -/. Whet Jllii'i ui An Ktato, 'ht Hrriiich of thi; ■I'l'i) Bi'iltoril and liHf is the rliarac III thi' Allri-'hany IK piirullul ridgui iflvlvntiiii? Ans. hu Luckawaxen. r\ ? Whiit seven llierii hdundary? 1 iihd l)i'hi\vare ^ 111' Alh-L'huuy aiul IJliitW Ur. ■are. 'hiL'h, and Lackft- 111' ihi'Sf rivcrd in vs. A (Qnal alio I lassi'i rnim Knsl..ii, al tin- iikmuIi ui Ihv L.'liij;li. ■I"«;i] llif wfU milk iif thi! D.'lawiu-e Ki lliUUil, h.'luw wlucl, llio riviT l> imv iaiililu for Sl'U VI'SHI'IS. . • , r, 1 ! Tlio LiiekuwuM'ii coiial ia r,Mm.-ct.>a witl. Iluiljon nviT In tho IJ— u iinil II— H "Miiiiil in N.w York ; mill llu- I.flui,'h canal witll tho Slum! rivLT liy lliu M— s riliml iu Ni-w .liTS.-y. | 8. Ciinah iu Ihc Viilltii nf llic Sus'/urliiiiinii. | A rnnnl ooininniiTs in Mnrvlaml. ni'iir tlin niimlli nf tlir Siis- qui'hiirnm, unci prrK-rods iilnnu- its liank» tlin.nnli riMnmylviinni til liir N. Y. Inif, lliriiwinK (illlwo liriinilH« to lln' wi'Rt, nnr U|i 111,' vnll.'v 111' tin' .Inniatii In H— K "I lln' limt I'l tin' Alli'almny hltii.. liniflln' ollnT np Ihi' vnllcy i.l tin' \Vi'»t llriuidi l.i 1> — /'. Tim c'llnuU 111 tln^ Siisiinilnmnn viilli'y ar,' ro rli'cl with ll»i«i' in tin' D.'lawnrn viill.'V liy tin' l.ninn I'aniil limn M— n "U tile rinsiinuliainia M II— h' "n tin' SilmylKill. :i. Cimih iinl ii/llir Mlnshiiii;/ Mnuiltoiim. Tin- Clicsapiakc anil Olli" niniil, "'lii'ii nnnli'. will [irin'rcil fiiiin Pitlslnin; uii tin' Imiiks iil' tin' Miaii.iiL'aln'la, anil lln' Y unn- Incimiiiy, oiiu of its bruutliuB, tu C— il m Marylniul, uml so on to ('lu'snpcnke hiiv- , , i r i. a i A canal is coinplitiil fnmi rittsHirt' up tin' bnnkn of the Al- locliany, anil tliu Cniii'innui.'li, one of its laamln's, to ,1— ii. at the foot of ilii' Alli'-'lianv nils.; anil anolln'r lioni Uravrr, on tho OInii, np till' lianks of lliav.r rivi r into llic slain ot Ohio. The rainils wist of tin' Alli'^liany inonntains am i-onni'it.'i witll those on tl asl siile hy a railroinl. willi ten iiichiieii planes, neross the inunntaiiis. Iniin ,1 — n to H — l;. (lurilinnt.—WhM I'lUinl." in tin- valley of Hie Delan are 1 How Is the l.nekiiwaxen rnlial enniiei'teil wUh lliul'on nver? Ili>», tile LiniKll .•Mini ( \Vhat ciiimls 111 the ."u.iiiieliinnm valley ) How are thene ca- nal- i-.— riiliulaliiin. 1.7-:i.in:l._l'ii|i. to s ,. m.. m. 1. I'l'iiiisylvaiiiii \v:is fust sctlli'il liy liiij;- lisli Quiikci's iiHik't- Williimi I'fiiii. wliu is iU- mous fur liis U|irii;iit dctiinu witii the Indians. l;,,,,, Jn,u,i UUI, Un y,i,o.l>\ the siMit of Uickin.son colleiie ; ilellysburg. the siiat of I'cinisslvnnia loll.'L'o. anil a l.utheniii theokigical seminary; llnii; :' I 'il " a llonnsliiin.' inannfactnrinu' village; Enr. lioteil for its line liarisir; Mi'iillilli: the si'llt of Alli'L'lluny eoUciie ; r«iio/(s/"(Ci,'. the seat of .lelli'isoli college ; ami U rt«/l- ingloii, the seat of W'ashiniitoii eoUeite. Q„r..e,„.— 1 K>,r wV,r,t U 1',-imBvlvaliia iieledl 5. Y\l!nt ■trikini! natural feanire t X face of the I'oimlry • -1. "nil I .1. staple predin-non I i; niinerals ! 7. inaniifactures I H. rank iiial popiilation ! H. How is till' popnlalion dirllilaileil I Ul. What part are of (iernian orii,nu I Ulicn. anil for u-liill nolrd. is I'hUudi Iphia I narrisburB ' .^c. QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAP. DELAWARE.— ^K/;o/s^..'e on the N. of Delaware? on the E.? on the S. and 'V.? What separates Delaware from N. Jersey? He. R. and B. What capes at the mouth of Dela- ware bay? What town in the northern rart of the state, at the junr ion of two gmall vivera ? Wn. What towns on the Dflr.- waro. a little south of Wihnington? No., De. Cy. What town on Delaware bay, near Cape Honlopen? Ln. What creat public work in Delaware bay, opposite Lewistown? De. Br. Whpt r(/i7r(/..''i,i in this state ? Ana. l. Throui^h \Vilmini;ton, beini; part of the r-'.ilroad line from Piiiladel[,'.iia to Baltimore. 2. From Newcastle, en the D — e, to Frencktown, in Maryland. MARYLAND.— TVAa^ ntnfe on the N. of Marvlnnd ? on ihn K. ? on the S. andW. ? What river separates it from Virtrinia / What bay divides the state into two parts, called the Eastern and Western shure ? Ce. What river enters Chesapeake bay at ics head 1 Sa. What two wide-moutlied rivers between the Susquehanna and Potomac ? Po.. Pt. What ranire of mount- ains crosses ths state, and is pierced by the I'otoniac at Harpers Ferry? Be. He. What ranee crosses iarther west, between the sources of the Potomac and You^hioi,'eny ? Ay. What is the tace of the country ? An^. From tlio southern boundary to the lower falls of the rivers (at Georj^etown ou the P — c, EUicott's mills on the P — o. and Port Deposit on the H — a), level ; above tliese falls, tor alMint 2U miles, hilly ; fartlier west, mountainous, several lofty rani-es crossini^ the state from Pennsylvania into Virtnnia. What eiyht counties on the Eastern shore ? Whnt five touch the bay on the Western shore ? What seven .m the Potomac ? Describe the princ-ipal rnih-onth in Marylaiui. Am. Uaiiniaiis proceed from BoUimorc'l. N.E.thmuc'h Dela- ware to Phdadelphia : 'J. N. to York, in Pennsylvania; and. 3. W. (the Ealtimore and Ohio railn>ad) to Harper's Ferry, whence it 18 to proceeii thromrh Cumberland to Wheelinu' op the Ohio. A branch of this railroad nins SW. to Washiuyton ; and a branch of this branch S.E.to Annapolis. Desc'iibe the Chesa/vakc and Ohio canal. Ana. It passes up the valley of the Potomac, from Georirc- town, at the head of sliKip navii:nti(pn. to Cumberland, whence it is to tfo over the AllcL'hany mountains, and along the hanks oi the You-rhtoijeny and MononL-ahcla to Pittsb-irL'on tlte Ohio. What tuuns on the railroad from Piiiladelphia to Washini: ton 1 DELAWARE. Hqunre mW-f, 20t;H.— Pnimlntion. 7r',iK'i,"»,_|*nii. to f^q. ni.. .T.t. I. Drliiwiire, the smallest State in tlie Union except JllnMle Island, is, like Rhode Island, distinguished for inanniactures. 2. The surfjicn is L'cnernlly low, level, and siuidv. 3. Wheat and Indian corn an- thi' staple pniduclioiis. 4. The pefijde in llu' iniddli' and sfiiithern parts nf the stale fire senendly fanner?', hut \Vi!inini.'t«ii aiul the vicini- ty is the seat (»f numenms nianufaetories. 5. Tlie Dciairare awl Chpsappakr rnnnf, fi'om D— <' V — v on the I> — e to an arm uC ClHsapeake Imy in Atarylaml. opens a sloop navi^'utittn hetwcen Ihi'si- two LMcai ImmUcs of water. In this canal Is k drrp cut, W tniii-s Ion;-': and nvHr the deepest part is an arch- ed bridg'j ol 235 feet 8pan, It the giddy height ol 90 tt»et above the water. See picture. 6. The Delaware hreah- •valer. near ca^m Henlo- pen, consists of two stono |)icr.-. each /liout half a mile long n}M 75 feet wide, huill hy .rfie U. S. Govern- ment irf a cost of thrcM^ niill- ii^-tlollars, to protect ves- BcU frequenting Dehiwako bay from rjiorniN and lioatuig ice. Dov/R, on ,1 — s creek, is tlie capital of tlir state. Wilmington, tlie larjiest town, is on the IJratulywine, which is navigable to tills place ior large ship.-*, and above lia-s a fine water-power, occupied in driving fionr-nnlls, pa- j)er-mills, powdtn'-niills, cotton-factories, ttc. Newcastle^ with a harbor i>rotectf the country ? :i. stajtle productions ? 1. (wcupntiona of the inhabi- tants .' T). Describe the Delaware and t'hccapeake canal. 6. What is the breakwater ? its cost ? its nbjert ! Where, and for what noted, Dover ! Wilnungton.' &,c. MARYLAND. Hqunre milc«, 10,T5."i. — Popnlatioi', 470,ni!).— Pnji. to sq, m., 44. 1. ^larvland was first settled hy highly re- spectable Enijlish Roman Cntholies, distin- guished lor their t<»leriuit and liberal spirit. 2. The Koil of the low ct)iintry is santly, i)nl fertile, being mixed witii clay and marl. ;j. Toliacco, corn, and wheat are the staple prodnclions. 'I. Coal and iron ahramtl in Allegbany county. Anvai'oj,is. tlie capital, \h on an arm of Chesapeake bay called Severn river. fidlfimnrr, the largest , city in the .^tate, tin' fourth j in the I'liiim in population,; the commercial emporium I 'if extensive distr'icts in j Pennsylvania and the West- ern Stales, and urn' of the LTeate.-.t noiir-iiiarkets in t?le world, is on a l>ay at Pa- tapsco river, which flum-* a sale iiiul capacimis liarhor, 11 miles from Chesupeake bav Th*' cit\ i> famed lor the fast sailing schooners called liultimore clippers, tor a spleiidi opens nilolhe Atllinlie near the S.IO. ciirner } \Vlmt capes iit the mouth of the hny ? What niomilains cross the Polomiie at Harper's Ferry, iinil run S.W'.i-ritirely across the stiile. ilivlilinu' it into lOnsterii liml West- ern Viri:inia ? He. He. \\ lint inoiintains fiirtlier west, ami pnr- iiUcl witli li.e Hiiie lliil^ie.iliviih'tlie 8i. Hives of the I'otoiiinc from 1 I fc'^ 39 38 ^s 9IIBJS m ^ ~ SBSm the tnbutnries of tlio Ohio ? Ay. Whnt is the couutrj- between j the B)ue HiHuo uiut Alleu:huny niouiitniua culied? Ans. The Uront X'lillcy nC NiruMiiin. I Whnt ihriM' f:n'nt rivers einp:y info CheRHpeake bay ioiith of ■ the I'otiumu' ? lie., YU., .Is. 'A'hiit river, risiuij io the CJreiit V'liUey of Virginia, and running K., lUvitU'.'! Eastern Viri:iiii;i into two parts nearly (Mpiul .' .Is. What ^-reat river receives nil the waters of Vlri-'inia west if tlie AlIeL'haiiy inouiitaiiis / (»o. What is the prineipal tributary of t lie Ohio fmm Viririnin? Ka. What three rivers rise in the Oreiit Valley anei break throiiu'b ' the Uhie lli.l-e.' I'e.. .Is., Uf. WhuL river breaks fciirouj;h the AlleL'hiiny mouiitain.s ? Ka. What river rises in the center »)fViri.'inin, runs aloUT tlie west ' foot of the Blue! Riilue, and eiitrrs the ruteniae lit Harper's Ferry I Sh. A'hat is the priia'ipal tributary of .lames river trnni tli.' Koutb? Ax. What swamp near (lie S.K. eonierof the statu ! Dl. What famous nrnda at the mouth of James river? Hn. What is the tace of the eountry I Am. I. From fhr coast t.. the head offirfm),mni),n>ttitn^,\\\\\\ iiu\\ broken. Describe the prineipal i'anals arid railroads of V'iryiiiia. Ans. 1. The Di.-mul Sicati// cmuii 'JJ miles li)Ui:. eonueets Chesapeakt! hay with Alheiniirie sound in N. Carolina. 2. A radroitd crosses the state from the Pdtianue to (he Uoati- , oke, thnaii-'h I'Vederieksburir, Uit-hniontl, and I'elersbuiL;. '^. 'VW- James }i{iTry ot .lames river to C — n. whence a railroad is to nm to the Great Kails of the Kanawha, hehiw which the rivi. r is iiuvigablu tu tho Ohio. WImt. and where, is tin- Natural T uinel ? , Ans. The Natural Tunn.-I, near the S \V. conuTofthe state.' IB an arcli.-d passage, windin^' lilie an S, in the snhd rkU. -i:)!) feet hull,', from ."iO to 15i» witle, and 70 tit >'0 feet bi-h, tiiron-.di which runs n branch of ('linch river, 400 feet below the top .)f the Hionntiiin that thus cmssrs it. .Square niilca, (»;i,700, — Populittion, ],iJU!l,79T. — I^op, to nq. lu., 1'.'. 1. A'iri,nnia, the birthplace of WASIIIXG- TOX, ims given six presidents to tlie Union. 'J, Tiie soil is fietiernlly i.'iHiil; niul in tlio (ireat Viillfy, uial near the riviTs in the Low country, very fertile, ',]. The staph' productions are fohticco, east of tin' IWue Iti(l;.'e ; wheat, in tlie (ireat Valley; cuttle, liuga, and other live stock, west of ibe .■\lle|,;haiiies, '1. ('oal iil)omi(ls near Ridj- inoiid on .1 — s liver, ami \\'lieel- irii: on the () — o ; ml/, at the salt si»rint.'s on the Kanawha; antnU liridi.'r. in llockbridge county, lu-ar Lexing- !nn, is an arch of rock '.H) feet louL'. tlO ferl hroail, and U) feet thick, ov(.'r u inn-row cliasin, at the botloiu of whieh. 'JJn feet below the hridu'e. flows Ci-dar creek. Ser firfurr. 7. Wifrr.-, r„r,,\u AilL"-L4t!l COUlllV. t'Xtei'd.S IMiOfcrt into the earth, and contains upward ot' ',»() lar-.-e rooms, one of them *jrO feet hn\^. ','() wide, ami Xi feet bij.'b. ami all ^'liltenn-.' \viib beauliful Htaluctites and stala^niin-s. which ilesiend from the ceTlinj: and iwcend from the ilulic tiiimes in ustiuii-sliinii profusion. Richmond, the capital, and largest city, is on J — s river. nt the lower liilU, which BUp]>ly ample water-power for manufactures, while the river ami canal abcive open iho way to a country ttlKunaliuf; with coal, Hour, and tobacco. ! Norfolk, with a lim* harbor, ami ready access to the inte- Vior by railroad. Oifuuil Swamp canal, and the rivers of . (.'hesajieake bay. is the chief commercial depot. ' In the tide-water section are also, I. Portsmouth, one of the jiriucipal naval fJtalious of the I'. S. (iovernment, on , l^lizahelh river, opposite Nortidk ; '2. Pctersbtirg, on the ' A — X, at its lower tails, the depot of a fertile Hour and to- baoi'o district ; It, Frcdcrick.'iiiiirff, on the R — c, at the head of navi^'ation, tin' depot ni a lertile llour district in tlio gold reiiion ; 4. yorktoirn, at the rnouih of V — k river, famous for the surreiuler lA' honl Cornwallis to General Wasliine- ' t(Ui ; iiAVilliinnshuri:, west of Voiktowii. llie seat of Will- iam and Mary college, and fonuerly the capital of Virgin- ia; (i. Jnrttrstdirn, on an islaml in J — s river, the first Eng- lish seUlement in Virginisi; 7. Mt. Vernon, on the V — c, be- low A — a. famous fin' tiie seat ami tomb of Wasbington. In the Middle country are, 1. Li/nehhur^, a great tobac- co market, (ui J — s river; U. Churlotteseillc, in A — e coun- ty, the seat of the I'niyersity of Virtrinia. In tlie (treat N'alley are, 1. Harper s Ferrt/, famous for a national armory iind the()asf.aije td' the I'otomac ihrongb the Blue Rid;:e (a utupemh)us scene I) ; *J. Staunton, in tiie cen- ter of the state, the s^-at of the state lunatic hospital. I West of the Alle^'hany are, 1. Wheeling::, a tlonrishing nmnufftf ttiring town on tfio n — *>. fU l(e^ h-^ftfl t-f htw-wuler navigation; and, 2. Charlesfon. on the Kanawha, at the beiul of navigation, near the gi-eut salt-works, Que.. sprinijs of favhionahle resort f 6. IVhere, and lehai. is the Natural Hridye ? 7. Wyer'i Cave? Ac. Where, and for nhnt ntftrd, i*i Hichmond ? Norfolk? &c. •27 .iicni'^ QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAP. NORTH CAROLINA.— Hi)w hounfiod ? Whnt pdrnllfl of lntitii. What two sounds be twcen the islands v. .d the mainland.? Ae.. I'o. What inlet opens into the middle of Pamlico sovind ? Ok. What two rivers enter Albemarle sound at its head T Cn., Re. Whnt two, Pandiro sound ? Tr., Ne. What river ri.ses near the north iKiundan,- and empties at enpe Fear? C. Fr. What two rivers rise in the IJluo Hidu'e, and nm into S. C'aro Una ? Yn., Ca. What is the L-ern-nd course of the large rivers in N. Carolina? An^. From N.W. to 8.K. | What ia the fare of tin; eountr.- ? Ans. Tlic coast is lined \ with loniT, narrow sand islands, beyond which stretch into the ' sea extensive shoals and shifting sand banks. The nuiiniand, for about (iU indes from the sea. is a low. pine forested plain ; then i comes a Km; uudnlatins country ; and then an elevated table- 1 lanil. crossed by the lihie RirlL'e and other mountains. j Wfiof toirn tit the mouth of the Clu>wan ! En. : at the mouth i of the Roanoke ? PIi. : near the head of steam naviiration on | the Roanoke T Hx. and Wn. : near the month of Tar river?; Wn. : at the head of steam navigation on Tar river ? To. : on | tlie lower Xeuse ? Nn. : near the iioad of sliijj navitralion on ^ Cape Fear river ! Wn. : at the head of steam navigation ou ! Cape Fear river ? Fe, I Describe the principal railronth and ennah. Ant. Tinilnmiln i mn from Norfolk in VirL'inia tlu'nUL'h Weldoii on the R — e to Wilmimrton : and from I'etersburur thnmL'h (Jastnn to RaleiL'h; and cajiah from Albeniurle sound throULdi Dismal swaniji to Chesapeake hay, and from Beaufort harbor to N — e river. , ♦— SOUTH CAROLINA.— How l>ounded? W'hat Imundary I mountains? Be. Re. Wliat iHMUidary river? Sli. | Which are the two larirest rivers ot' S. (.'arfdina? Se., Po. , What river from thf Blue Riduo. in N. Carolina, runs acruss that ' state nnd S. Carolina to Winvaw bay ? Pc. What name is giv- en to the Peilee in N. (.'anilina ? \n. In what ninuntains do the Wateree, Broad, ainl Saluila rivers rise ? Be, Re. Through what river ean 1 He. Whi<'h is the larirest ri er betwecTi the .<;intee and the Sa vannah ? En.: the laru'csl brau:l,ll'.l.— I'lif- '" ^n- ™- !•''■ 1. North Carolina is noted lor her gold' mines, ami for the first public resolutions in I i'avor ot" American Independeni^e. 2. Tlu'i'diisl istlii' (Ircail cil' iniii-ini'ii rjii aicmint nf sliniils, siiiiil btitiks, atitl vinlont Nturius. H. 'I'Ihto arc nn ^'iMiii liarlmrs. and nortli r»f cripo TiOok- ovit lilt' mily navii:alil)' i>a, iM'lweeii llie Catuwha ami Vadkin rivorM. Pilot innuntain. in Surry cuunty, nn the V'iru'inin line, near the Blue Bid^'c, is an iMilatcd peak, ri.sing like a I7;>il feet alauc the levfd n';:i(Ui in whicii it .^land-^, tenninating in ti cyliiidricnl rock, railed tin* i*innupi'ct from the of the I'innacle is grand: the eye \\iinder.>. In ini ini- i"*e dis!uin;e lowaiii tin- east, south, and .southeast ; and I when tliP iiir is slill. (he rnar fd" the forest ii»ci*?uN fioin plain below like the ro;ir nf the ocean. Rai.kigh, the capital, is in W — e connly, near Neuse riv- er, and nut far from the center of the state. Wihnimrfon, on C— e F— r river, is the largest and most com- mercial town ; Nr'ff't'rn.ou the N — e river, a jtlace of c(nisiderable trade; Ftnietlcrillc. on C— e F— r river, a busy, thrivini, ':ace; <'harh)ttr,\n M — u' count v. the principal town in the L'old region j Chapel Jill/, a little N-W. of Raleigh, the scat (tf the univer- sity ; ami lieavi'i'rt, near cape Lookout, has tin- best harbor. 'Qur!ilwn!!.~\. For what is N. Cnrolina noted ? -J. her cuast? :i. harlwrs? 4. Where dous her trade center ? S. soil? (i. sta- ples ? T. Where are the gold mines ? S. Describe Pilot mount- ain. Where, and for vhaf noted, is RaleiL'h 7 Wihnington? &c. SOUTH CAROLINA. Pqiinre milcH. ;U, .'»(;."».— Populiition. ,V>4,:t'.)H.— Pop, lo pq. m.. 10. 1. Soutli (.'iiroiina is distinguislied tor the nuiiihor of iihle and elotmeTit men she iius sent to the natiuniil coiuicils. 'J. Among the early setlters wen- many pious and intel- lii:cnJ French Uugiienols, and other fugitives from religioiw persecution. :). Tho soil of the upper cntinlry nnd sea-islands is very feili!' . and cotton is In-rr jtlin stuplo production. The ata- ple of llic low country is rice. Coi.L!MiiiA. the capital, is on a high niul healthy plain, on the Congaree, at tlic lower falls, ju.st lndow tho junction of B — d ami S — n rivers. rh'irh\sf<'it. the largest cttv, and the conuiiercial empori- um of the .statt', is nn a tinigue of laml at the junction of A>hlcv and Cnnpcr rivers, with a gctod harbor, ((mnected hv canal with N — e river, and by railroad with the Savnn- nidi at H — g. The Cbarlesttmian.'* are di.-il.i)f Sjinmrjn, near S — i" river: Ki!l::'s :tiiiu!ifaiii. on tho I northern fnmticr, in Y— k district ; iind the CnirfM'us, near it, in S — g district, are famous tor vii-tories of the Ann'ricans in tlie Revohitioiiary war; and ('uttidrn. n<'in-tlie low i-r falls of the W — e, was also the jfcenc of several battles in thiil war, I Qiiesfiun.t. — 1. For what is .S. Carolina noted' v». Who were amonu the eariv settlers 1 :i soil ? slsiple productions ? I IVhi- <\ ,n,dj'-r uh'„t nn'rd. i.|..ri ' Ae. ,^f^Mm*o^!»<^fm(t»«tim^ ■ ,.»-^-.,^ .16 '•*wa 33 iHTciiil cnipori- ihe jiinctinn of ■imr. conrn'fted viih llic Suvnii- u'liishcii llnpol- QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAP. GKOlKilA. — Hnw is Ueoruia houinitMl ? W'hrii boundary \ nirr on the snU' of ri. Carolina / ot' Floi iila ? of Alabiiina f What threr larjfo rivers enter, tho Atlantic iVom this state? ' Sh.p Oe., Aa. What two, uiiittj to form the Ahitainaliu i O — n — f, : O — m — o. What two, unite at the ti.W. corner to tbrni the A pa- ' lachicohi i III wliat part ol tlie state iioc.s the Chattahoociiee i rise / What swunip^tn the I'Moriila boundary in tlie rf.E. 7 ttc. : Hliat toirnat the iivnif of' staini nani^alton on the Savannah / Aa. ; oil the Ocunuu / Me.: on the Uemulu'ee ? Mn. : on the Chaltah(M)cheir '. Cs, W'luU t nionlb of Mobile river, on theVest hank? Me. : near the moulh of tin; eastern arm of Nbtbile nver ' By.: at the heail of steam navii^atiou on the Black Warrior f Ta. : at the head of nuvi^^Mitiun on the CiH)sa f Wa. ; at the head uf Mus- cle shoals on tlie Tennessee ? Dr. ; at thefoot of Muscle shoals ? | Fe. W hich is the lari^est town noitli of the Tennessee ? He. What canol in this state / Au.^. One anaind Muscle shoais, ahaig the riulit bank of Tennessee hver. Wliat r«//;w/(/.s/ Ann. 1. Krom Tuscumbio, on the Tennessee, below Muscle shoals, to Decatur, above the shoals ; 'i. From Montu:omery, ou the Ala- bama, to West Point, on the CMKittahooehee. What is the face of the country f Aha. In the south, low, level, jmd sandy ; in the north, liilly ; iw tho extreme north, mountainous. GEORGIA. Pqunre miles. 61,(t83.— Population, (iDl,3i»^.— Pop. to sq. m.. tl. 1. Ge*>rgia, the tl:ird state iu tlie Union in size, coniljiues rich iniuenil and agriouitura resources. t2. The soil tuid pnKliiclinns are like those of S. CarolJiui. 3. (lold is fuiuul in the norllieni part (>f the slate. '1. The Clierokee and Creek Indians, who nccnpied tlie western half of the slate ii few years i»ince, have been rc- ninved to the IiidiiUi territory west of the Mississippi. MiLi.t:i)nKviLLK, the capital, is ii place of some trade, at the head of steamboat navigution on the O — n — e. Savunnoh, tfie hir^'est city, and chief comineicial dopnt. Is on a high, sandy bliiti", at tlie head of ship imvij;atioii, on the S — b river, 17 miles from the liar at the iiiouth. Augusta is fniely silnaled f()r cuniinerce on the S — h, at the head of navigation, with a ierlilo back country, and connected with Charleston bv railroad. Maron, on llie (> — c — ni — e, mid Colnmhns,o\\ tli« C — e, at the headof sleaniboat navii:ati(ui, are depots of populous and productive rei:ious; Uarirn. near the month of the A — a, has an active trade in cotton andhnuber; Hrnnsvick, on au arm of the sea, S. of Darieii, has a ijood friLMUe har- bor; i>ahioncizn is the seat of a iiraiich of die U. ri. Mint, in the ^'old rejiioii ; Dvctlur is important a.s the point at which the Central and (teoriiia railroads meet. Qnctfions. — 1. For what is (]e(a-u'ia noted ? 'J. soil ? pmdiicts ? 3. iinniM-al pmduct f 4. What Indians rcceiitlv iiere ? Where aro they now / M'/iar, and for what noted, MilledgcviUe? i.Ve. AL1..BAMA. Square niilre, 54.0SI. — Population, S'iO,7j»i. — Pop. to sfj. ni., 11. 1. Aliibaiiia is a new, cotton-growing state, rapidly incieasinii; in populalion. i.'. 'I he iamls aloiij^ tuo nveis aro very terlile, and devot- ed chieHy to cotlon. 3. Tho Clierokee, Choctaw, and Creek Indians, who oc cupied the whole state a few years since, have been re- moved to tiie Indian ternlory west of llie Mississippi, Tl'?cat,oos.\. the capital. Is the depot of a fertile district at the iieail of steam iiaviLration on H — k W — r river. Mohilf, tlie lari,'er>t town and fireat commercial depot, is tuiely situated for trade, willi a L'ood liarbor, at the mouth of >lol)ile river, on whose wide-spread brandies are Hoat- ed down tlio cotton aiul other produce of a f^reat part of the slate, and parts of (Jeorpia and Mississippi. Montgomery, ou the A — a, and Wclnmpha, on the C — a, are depots of a fertile, iiewly-setlled reu'ion ; Florence, \\ lin-iviiij/ town, on the T — r.Justbeiuw tho Miuscio shoals; Hnnfsx'iUe is in a pnpuhiiis and fertile countiy, north ot'thu Tennessee, with which it is connected by a canal, Qiiesltona. — 1. For what is Alabnnia noted ? 2. soil ? staple ' :l. Who were the niiorieinal niliabltants ? Where nre they now ? Where, and for lehat «u/ci/, is Tuscaloosa ? Nhibilc ? iVe. -2 'J m 30 MISSISSIPPI, LOUISIANA, ARKANSAS, AND FLORIDA. ft P 1 1 i f J J,/ Lontflliulf MVst IJlfroinWiisliJiiutrtii 15 iMmifhsofttif QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAPS. MlSSI^SII'in.— nVa//, staf,- on tlie N. ? on tlu' K. ? uii the S. ? on tin- W. > What river toin-lnjs tlio N.K. cornor ? Wlmt t-'ull" tlie IS K. cur- ikt 7 Wlijtt bouiiiliiry piirallt'ls at' littilmle on thy N. and S. ? What tv\() rivxrh stjimrutt; it truiii Lmiiiiiunii f Mi., Vl. What river drains the S.E. counties 7 Pa.: the N.E. cnnntios ? Ty. : the N.W. couiitii'H ? Yo, Whiit two rivers drain the cfntral i-onntii'S ? B}.'. Itk., ri. What is their uencrnl course ? Aus. From N. to S. What town on the Mississippi, just helnw the nmuth uf tlie Yazoo? V,'. : near the moulh of t!ie Bit,' Black ? Gd. Gf. ; at the head of ship nuipCatiou? \\z. Wiiat to-.vn near the S.W cornor of the stat.^ '.'on- ■1 M IWI II 1 ■■III m il n ^m-^m^mmmm^^m^^mmmmmmm^m^mmm^^m^mmmmi^ ni'cteil by ruihoad \\\v\i tl. Fiaiiiia\ iiiu m LuiuMaiia .' \\ i.-. Wliat is the capital of the state T Jii. What Inwn a Hltle east of Jackson, ami I'oniici-tcil with it l»y railroad ? Bn. What tu'.vn a U'W miles tSK. uf Uraiid (iulf ? I't. (in. What town six uiii'-s east of Natchei: f \\ u. I What is Uie lace uf Vim (uuiiliy f An.-.. It inay hu divided into tiiii-e I belts or zones : 1. The idt of low lan(h on the Missirjalppi, usually fioin I 10 tu 3U miles wide ; and annually overflowed by the river. 2. The Llujf ! zone, an unduhitiri!.' and very lertile country', from 10 to 40 miles widu. borderinu'ou the inundated Itmd, with Bpurs extemiing in several placcti to the river, as at Grand Gulf, Natchez, &.c. 3. The tnniiy.pine foixU cvun* tn/. farther ea;t, and oj/crinL' mure ihiUi half the ittatr. LOUhSlANA.— What state on the S.f on the K. / What water «n the 8. / What country on the V/. T What three boundary rivers / Mi.. PI., Se. What t-wo boundary parallels of lulitmlu / What river enters Louisiana near its N.W. corner, and Joins the Mississippi near tlie jiaralleiof Jl-* ? U,*i. Wlmt river drnins the S.W. part of Arkansas, and joins Ued river near its mouth f Wa. What becomes of the Mifsissippi alter it receives Red riv- er / Alts. It divides into numerous branch- es called Oiii/ous which, divei'^im; from eacb other, slowly wind their way to the sea, funnini^ the Delta ot the Mississippi. What ritif on the Missiggtpvi at the poiut nearest lake Pontchai train / N. Os. : at the etHux of the Bayou la Fourche 7 De. : half way between Uonaldsonvillo and the parallel of 31"^? B. lie.: connected with Woodville in Mississipp' by railroad 7 S. Fe. : opposite tJt. Fruncisville 7 1*. Ce. What town on Rid riier, in the jtarish of Rajddes ? Aa. : at the Umt of the Great Hail? St.: halfway between Bhrevepoit and Alexandria 7 Ns. Wlnit three rivers in the S.W. spread into broad lakes, and contract ajioin into narrow Btreauia beturu eiituiing the sea i Se.. Cu., Mu. What is the face of the country 7 Ait^\ Generally level, and so low that a fouith part of tlie state is inundated by the annual fliHids of the Mississippi and by hij^li tides in the gulf. ARKANSAS.— What state on the N. 7 on the K.7 on the S. 7 What countr\* on the S.W. 7 What teiritory on tlie W.I What boundary r'vers ? Mi., S. Fs., Hd. Wliat Umndary parallels 7 What river crosses the state, dividim; it into two parts nearly eijual ? As. What river crosses the S.W. comer? Rd. What river drains the countiy between Arkansas and Red rivers f Wa. Wjiat two rivers drain the chief port of the country iiortli of the Arkansas 7 We., S- Fs. What is the face of the country. Ans. l'\)r 30 or 40 miles from the Mississippi, low and swampy, beim; annually overflow- ed : farther west, the laml is tirst uiidula- tint.', then liilly, ami near the N.W. corner of the state, mountainous. What is the soil i In the low country very rich, but it must be drained by canals, and protected from inundation by'levecs be- fore it can be used : in the undulating and hilly country it ia very fertile, and easily cultivated. FLORIDA.— What two states on the N. ofFU)rida/ What wiiterontlieE.7 What water on the S. and W.7 What river di- vides it from Alabama in the we.st 1 Po. Wliat river divides it from Georgia in-the N.K. ? Wliat river rises in the aouiheii. part of Florida, and running north, empties a little south of St. Mary's river ? S. Ja. What river rises near the source of the St. Mary's and nins S.W. to the gulf of Mexico 7 So What Inrue river is formed at the S.\V. corner of (ieorgiti by the union of the Flint and (.'battaliooche i Aa. What cape at the southern extremity of Florida 7 So. What cape u little N ill. of cape Sable 7 Fa. What ke\s (i»i- rocky islets) beuin at cajie Florida and run south and west UOU miles, ending in the Tortu- tras .' Fa. Ks. What reef runs parallel with the I-'Ioiidu Kevs. on the south side f Fa. What is the N.K end of the Florida Reef cnllcd 7 Cd. What straits separate llie Florida Reef from (.'ulia / Fa. What deep bay on the west coast, half way between cape Sable and the mouth of the Apalachi- c(jia > Ta. What is the capital of Florida 7 Te. What town on the coast connected with Tallahn.'j.see by a nulroad 7 S. Ms. \%'liut town nt till' nioiitb of Apalacbuola river 7 All. Wlmt town on a line buy a little west III' Apababieola, and connected with it by a raiiro.id ! S. .Ih. What city on a tine bny near llie wesii'in boundary / Pa. What city on the Atlantic coast. 'JO miles S. of the mouth (M S(, .lobn's river f S. Ac. Which way fi"om capj Sable is Ki-y West 7 What is the face of the countiy ? Ans. Low and Iev<'I, iiu part ii.<>iM^ itioie llian 'JOU fn't above the level of the ocean. The southern halfiscovered by immense swamps called everglades, and the northern h dt bv exloiisive pineliire.sts, intersnetseil with huminocks (or suial) moands), low prairies. J i.jide, nud swiuiipa. 3L Ulii ^ ■i . ' Ji i L i il i W' iii ii il. mi il WP r f **?"- i i ( MISSISSIPPI, L O U I S I A N A, A K K A N S A S, AND FLORIDA. 31 Irler (iiMieial .lacksnii, Hif,'niilly cl^'lbiili'il n bntish invading arinv, wim I'lHi^-lil lieie (in tliii Dtli (if Jannary, Ifll.'i. linlnn Rotifif \* i\ niililai-y post of tlin U. Slates, witli nn arsenal nn the M — i, lii!twocn IJ(inalils(invill(! and I'nint Cnniiei?; Alcj:nndriii, the deiml of a rich cot'on district, on K — d river, near tlni center of tliu slate; Nnlchilochrf (Nali-i-tosli), an old Krcncli lowni, formerly the center of iraile with Mexico, on R — d river, nlio've Alexandriaj Shrrvrimrl, n landiiiz-place on Hed river, at tlio foot of the (treat Itaft, wliich liirnierly choked the river thron^di n sjiacu of Kill miles, iiut is now removed. QKcslinns. — 1. For wlml is Loiiisinna noted 7 2. What did Lnaisinna cinhrnce when owned hy France ) Into whiit states, ,V;e., now divided I :>. stii|.U'S 1 4. What jmrts are caltivatcd? What are levees, and of what ase ? ft. What is a crevasse ? Where, and fur what noted. New Orleans I Baton RoU(;o I &0t ARKANSAS. Sq\inrc miles. M,(il7.— I'opuliitiiai. 117,.")71.— Pop. to sq. m., 2. 1. Arknnsas is a cotton-growing state, of recent origin, having been indeiiendent only since 1830. 2. It.s pnpnlatinn is small, scattered, and almost exclu- sively agricnlttn-al. 3. C'otlon is tlie staple prodnctinn. The monntains con- tain mines of iron, lead, coal, and salt, but they have not yet been worked. 4. The navifration of Red river is obstructed in many places by nccnninlations of driftwood and fallen trees, called rnfl.1, which choke np the river on its surface, some- times for nniny miles. I,iTTi,r. Rock, nn the Arknns,as river, near the center of the state, is the capital and larfiest town. Ilnl Sprin^a. ,'i() miles W.S.W. of Little Rock, has Ions; been a resort of invahds; Van liurcn, on tlje .•\rkansin river, near the western bonndary ; liatexrillr, m\ While river, and Fiiin/feville, near llie N.W. comer of the state, are also important villages. Qiinliniif.—'i. Fur wlmt is Arkansas noted? 2. How is the pniMilation distrihilted ? 3. stajdc jimdiiolion '! What obstruction in the rivers .' miiiernls ? -Where, Little Hock I *e. MISSISSIPPI. Rqunre mOcs. ■tn.X'ili.— ro|iuliitiiin, ;i7.'i.r.."il.— I'np. In =q. m.. ". 1. Jlississippi, like Alabam.n, is a new. cot- ton-growing state, rapidly increasing in popu- lation. nij^ in iriio'l. A BUumtioat on llir ,U/M'"(^.''/i;i 2. The fhoclaw and Chickasaw Indians, who occnjii the state a few years since, have lieen removed to the In- , ell'ort to slop it dian territorj- west of Ihe Mississippi. 3. CotUm is llie staple prodnclion. Indian com, tiilr.u- CO, sweet potatoes, and many delicious fruits are also well suited to tin' climate and soil. .Iacksos', the capital, is (Ui I'earl river, about .'id mites S.W. of the center of llie slate. Niilrlirz. m\ the M— i. the larjiest town, and a |i!a<'e of extensive tnule. is built chielly on ;i |in>ii|iltous blulV :I00 feet above the river; bnl iiartlv aloiii; the river at the loot of Iheblnll'. ' 1 ■/>/.■,•./) Ki-s-. on the M— i. jnst bidow. the luouth ol the V_„. is the second town ill' business and population, iual tin' depc'it of an exietisive and fertile couulrv. I the T— v. the dep'd iif the S.l'.part of the ernnu-nt. wlucll has since divided it ii ,i the si.iles ol Lou- isiana. Arkansas, and Missouri, end the territtn-ies of Iowa, Missouri, OreL'ou, Siv. S Tlle staple production aluire lat. HI' is rnllnv. and be- low that parallid. smxnr. wliile the line jiruiriesin the .S.W. feed iinineuse herds i>( eafllc and liorsrs. ■1. Ciiltivaliini is almost conllned to the rich nlluyial strips (Ml the rivers; and to |initect thiun from immdation. Irrrrs. Ill- miilBals of earth, usnallv .'> li'et lli-ill and IJ wide, are erected ahui;; the banks. On the Mississippi, llie levee cmnmences at Point Coupee, 172 miles above New-Or- leans, and reaches below that city; in\itly-liiiilt houses, im | linely-cultivnted plaiitaiious. extend tliniu^'h this long line like one c(nitinued villa!;e. . . 5. A rrn-nssr is a breach formed in the levee in time of j inundation by the waters, which rush from the river with j indescribable iinpettinsitv. roariui' like a cataract, and Ire- 1 Upiently tearinu' up the (irop, buiidinc's. and even the laud | ' itself, in sjiite of the inhabitants, who, for miles above aial j 1 liidow, instantly hasten to the spid. ami strive by every I FLORIDA. Pqiinrr miles, .'■>n,,l:l(j.— I'opilliition, Til, 477.— Pop. to pq. m.. t. 11. Florida, noted for its luxuriant vegeta- I tion, was a province of Spain until 1810, when l^rc Spain ceded it to the United States, and in 1844 assumed rank as one of the states of the Union. 2. The coast extends 1200 miles, and is accessible only at a few points, on account of shallowness in the water. 3. The soil is generallv sandy and tioor exceiit in the Imnimocks and on the rivers: but the cliniati? is so wanii and moi>t that the live-oak, the beautiful magnolia, the 'tton-plant and suijar-caiie, oramjes, lemons, tigs, and other rich Iriiits, llonri>li andidiouud. » 'tgetalion m Fhrutti, Florida being a limestone cotmtiy. and cavern- 4. West . ous in its structure, niaiiv of the rivers sink into the earin and emiM-!;e auain. leaviiig a naniral bridge across the sub- terranean stream. On the Santa I'C- there is iniu of these nalural briik'es three miles long. r,. All ve,s,-ids ccuniiiL' out of the uulf of Mexico pass by the Fhn-ida Re(d'. and the N.L. part, called Carisliird's Reef, is the scene of frequent shipwrecks. C. The Seminole Indians, who lecenlly nccnpieil the southern part of Florida, allev a loui and bloody war with the I'liited Slates, have been subdued, and removed to the Nrw-Oiit.KAN«, the capital of the stale, and one of the , imiian territory west of the Mississippi. greatest commercial depots in the wm-ld. is liuely situated | Tam.aihsskk. the capital, is in a high and healthy sitiin- for trade, 100 miles from the sea. on the hdt bank of the ; (j,„,^ m,,! s„|-,-oiin(led bv a f.u-lile terrilorv. Oiliso'i,Brnitih'n, IVnnIiiinTlfn & Onn'iiins. — \. For what is Mississippi noted ? dialis recently occupied the stil now ! ;i. .Staple pmducliiai ! — Wl Where ..l.l.k.- y. Whnt In- these UidiiiMS .\uti-hcz ( Ac. and <',)/i(m/o(s. on the r — V state- non./r(7/c inw lite S.W. com.M-; (7r«,n; ri^(/f. Ao-/ lor trains tun nines irinn llie sj-.-i. .,,, to.- M-oo,,,,.. ,., .,.,,j,„,,,^ . - - ,- ,. • , « . ' ' • ,,|,re,iisothriviuL''towns. !. Mississippi, by which river and Its branches It has steam- j .v,. ^i,,;,,,,,.^/,,,.. the oldest town in the Lmted Sl.-itos. ^ boat eonimunication with all the stales and terrinuies be- 1 c,|,„|(j,|i j,, i;,!;,), l,,,, ,, ^,,,|jd harbiu- for tween the Alleghanv and Rocky Monnlains. — The popu- laliou has increased" with great rapidity frcim lO.OOO. in IKO-J. lo 100.000, in IIMO: and embraces, besides Frein-h and Spanish Creoles, imniigranls from all jiarts of the I'ni- ted Slates and I'.nrope, with cohncd persons of every shade. The \aliie of the domestic and foreign produce brought to this |iort in a sinude year has sometimes ex- leeiled 110,000,000 dnlliir,; and (d'teu 2000 tlatdiimts. ,^,0 or liO steamers, and hundreds of ships and other sea-ves- sels are seen, ut one time, loading or unloading, along the 1 liv France, and called Louisiana. 'f LOUISIANA. Pqanre miles. 47,4i:i.— l'i>pi>liili"n. a, .-.',4 M .— I'np. to «(|. in.. 7. 1 . Uoiiisiana is !i great sugar a lid cotton-grow- ing state, with vast commercial advantages. 2. The whole of the V. States west of the Mississippi's Fiance sold it in IKIIM. for ll.VOOO.OOO. to the \ . S, The Imttle of New Oileans, in which the Americans, un- smiill vessels is Ihe resort of invalids on account of its tine cliinali'. /',-?iK(n-,i/r7. noted for its line lnnb(a-. is the principal na- val station of the rnited States in the sulf of Mexico. Kcv H'cs/. (Uie of the Florida Keys, with a hue harbor for the larL'cst vessels, is important as a naval .station, nnd as the port at w liicli ve.-.-.eU and goods r, ..-ued by wreck- ers fnuu the neighboring reef are carried tor sale. Qin'nnesst rise in Viririnia ? Ch., H|^ What nioiintnins from Keiitueky droves of lilt cattle to the tNisJoru markets. 3. The Tennessc^e and Kentucky ritlenmn nre excRllont mn S.W. aeross the stnte to Ahibiuna, (hvi.iin^' tlie waters of marksiuon. and makp brave and eHieient sohliers. the TJftper Tennessee from tliose of Ciunberlami river? Cd. Wiint is the faee o^ tlio coantry 7 Ktist Ti'nnes.sce {tlie part of the state east of C'uiiib(!rland mts.), mountainous; Middle! Tennessee (from Cumberland nits, west to Tennessee river), hil.y and uiidulatiiig ; West Tennessee, level oiid low. i A. The lir.-*t settlers siitlered severelv in bloodv coilflict.s with the Indians, who hnrnoil their caliiiis and murdered thei)' fauiilie'^; lint the br:i\f* baekwocjilsineu t^ooii sulxlued llie savic'c toe. KENTT'CKY.— ir/m/ Rfutr^ on the N. 7 on the K. ? on the '■ P. ? on tlie VV, ] Whnt rirrr scpi/n/fi-i Kpiifucki/ from Missouri ? (rfim Illinois, Indiana, nnd Ohio? What river and mountains ilivide it from VirL-inia '? j What two tartre rivura frnm Tennessee enter the Ohio, riO or •10 miles from its mouth ? Whnt three eonsiderahle rivors enter the 01noop(»osit(! the Indiana shore ? Gn., St.. Ky. Wlnit riv- er enters the Ohio opposite Cineimiati ? J.t,'. \Vhatis tlit- u'fii- i-ral ettarse ftf the tributaries o( the Ohio from this state ' Ans. I'^-om Sdi^. to N.W. Wliieh three of the trreat rivers of Ken- { tueky rise in tlfe Cumberland mountains ? Ll'., Ky., Cii. WliMt is the eai>itjd of Kentucky .' On what riv.T is Frank- ' f irt ? What larL'e town on the Ohio connecti'd with Franklort l.vrailronti ? What l.'iru'e town eastof Franklort. and conncctt'd i.,..' ,,;(• i . ,,, ,,.„ with ithv railn.ad ? II',W// r<»>shkrahle town on (he Ohm in Ma- j " '^"^'"" <-""""> \ on eranitv ? Me. : 1.5 or 'Jn miles below Maysvillo '\ Aa. : at the I . ^f'''nplii<. in the miiuth r)f biekim.' river ? Xt. I '^ iitvorMbl> sitimted lor trade, bein*-' on a bhitr, elevated :H) feet \\7 DnnviJlo ? Har- ^ "*>""■''* die hiL-hest lloo,!. and die mily spot ipn the rivi-r not ha- mdsbur-? Bnrdstuwn? Princetun f the Mammoth Cave ? the '*'"' t" uiundatiun Idl you come to \M'ii.sbiiri:, 3t;.'> miles I N.ASMVIM.F, oniporimii of the rap tlie Htuti n th W. id eMHiiiiercia! -"'-' ' "'J "nOU/-> tin!. lar^'est towj , and seat r)f a univrr.-itv, is in a I' ;,Me:it bend of (.' — d rivi'r. comer of the stnte, on the Mississippi Gjtp in Cumberland mts. ? What is the fare of (he ronntry '' An^. Tn the P.E.. nicrcrd and mcHintainous ; nlont; the Ohio rivor, hilly ? west of the Ten- nessee, levi'l ; in the center, unduhitin'-'. What canal ? Ana. The Lnut^rtlh- mitl Porfhnul raunl, a mile and a half loner, around the falls of the Ohio at btaiisville, ad- hiits steamboats of the larcost class, and is 0U9 of the nuist ini- piirlaiit rnnals in the V. Slates KniKirilh: the lart'est town in ICast Tennessee, and the seat of n polle-e, is on the H— e, iti il'e innrtion "f th ' I'lein-h Broad. Amnni-' th(! considerable villa^'es are (irrmri/U' mid A/hrns in Kast Tennessee ; (\./iini/"fi and Frtniklm in Miildle Ti'miessee ; liolirar and 7,'/ (ininjr in West Ti-miessee. Qne^fion". — 1. For what is Tennessee noted? 2. soil? pmdur- tious ? 3. Fur what nre the Tennesseewis famous ? 4. trials of tirst settlnr-p ' Where and fr.r what noted. Nashville ' &e, * Squnre miles, 40,033.— Popiilnti on, 779,82^^.— Pop. to nq. ni., 20. 1. Kentucky,oncen partorVirnpinia,antl fii-st exploretl by Daniel B(»one in 1770, now ranks, in popukition, as the sixtii state in llie Union, •2. The whole state hcl{)W the n'ountniiis re^t'^ on n bed (if limesKaie, whi<'h is exca- j- ^ a, ni|t|itVix;^^i*arvV K- vitteil to the depth of sever- jjllV^ WnMlMlif JF Vl/^' al hundred feet, by the riv- ^i^' liJ^^HlBEli^^!? r ^ ,' ers. The liniestmie coun- try also abounds in conical cavities on the surlace, cad- ed nin/,-ho/vs, and in exten- sive snbterraneiHi caves, ! one of which, the Miintninih I ('avt\ on (jreen rxM'v, hits ; been explored f^i'VLM-id miles , from its mouth ! Ncc (!iit. ;i. The sod is uenendiv fertile, and the central te- L'ioii, wnlered by the Liik inu', Kentucky, and S.ilt rivt.TS. bus beeti styled " the Garden of the West." 4. The staples are eoni, tobacco, hemp, winai. iiUM ini iiiitle r). Hemp is exteiiisivcly nnuniiuctm-ed into collon hn^,LimL; and eordaL'e. Fkankkoht, the capital, is on K — v river, fiO miles from it« ; nmuth. — l.ninsnllf.aw ihe O — o.Just above the fall.*!, which give j a ereat water-power fur mamdiutures, is (lie lirst city in poi»- julation, trade, an.t \\i^ii\i\\.—I.,.t(huf'in,\.\\ii si'Ci.iid town in jiop ulatitui, and the s<*at t.f Tr.nnsylvania niiiversilv. is benutifidry .situated on a branch of LiekiiiK river, in Uiu een'ter of " the Gar- idenuf the West." M'li/svilli .mi (be f) — o, is the eonnnereiid (hi()nt of tin- eastern I comities; Aui:u^fa. ihc sent of a MethfMlist c<,llei.'e ; iSr'rporf j and ('oiingtoii, inanufacturinL: towns ; Ihn loihhin is. famous for I its minenu spring's , I funs t'.v, iho scat t-i Cenl-r e.ili.-^e ; Ihinls- loirn mifl (ieorL'rfoirn. the Peats of Hnninn Catholic collci^es ; ami Prtnafon, the seat of Cmnbeilm.d eoileu-e. QumfioTis. — 1. For what is Kentucky noted ? 2. What natural curiosities? 3. soil ? 4. staples ^ .'">. 'manufai tares 7 Wler-M and fur what Ufted. Ftnnkfo'-! ' Ar-, mmmif^ 10 V 30 to sq. m., 2n, lia, and first now ranks, the Union. if'^ (HI n hoi] (if , ■.<\i'l till (■IlltlfV nil l.tii^yiiiL^ Wid I miles from its iiIIp, wliicli give rst rity in ]io\r i() town in p(){> -. is iifnulifiilly .er of "tilt; Giir- t of tin? onstprn lli'i-'f : Aru-porf niis. I'lnnons for lluilic colk'L-es ; Wlmtnaturnl » QCTESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAP. INDIANA. — W'hiil stuff im lli.! .V. dI' Imlinim ? iiii tin' K.? on till- S. >. cm Urn \V. I Wliiit Ink.' kiucIi.'h tiio N.W. c-.irni-r ? What river si'pnrjites it rromKi'iitiifkv ! NViint rivi'rlVomOliio, nflor iTossini,' liicliami. (onus its wcstrTii liounilnry 1 ! Niimc' tlic jirincipiil trilmtiiry of tlii' Wiiluisli. We. Niimn tlic twn orrnt l.rmii-hcs i)f Wliit.- river. IIcivv iiiiicli .if Iniliiina in .Iri.iiir'.l |.y llin Wiilm»li ? /Iii.«. Ali.iut tlir.'o f.nirtliK. Wlint is tlio gi'mTul I'uurso of til.! rivers of Iniiii.uH t Jh«. ."^.VN'. Whnt two rivers unite Ht l-'ort Wiiyue to form the Mniimee? In wlint Ptate (ioes .-^t. Marv's riv.-r ri^.' t la \vli;it r-tat.'. .-^t. .(.i«..i)ti"« r. I iriinl is the general loiinc of .■^t. .Mary's r. I of .St. J.isi'iili's r. ( of tlie Maurni.'e? [)eperihf! the Wahash ttiuf Erie rutinl Ans. It })e',nti« in Oliio. en lake K—o, at the inoutli .)f .M— i' riv.'r. ati.l nnis u]i 111" vall.'y oftliatriv..r to Fort W — e, where it cross.'S into the viiIl.'V nf th.r \Viilin..|i. wlii.li It follows to I.n Kiiv.'tte. jN.B. Th.^ other eaimls on the map of thi^ state nn- unlini.-h.'.'l. .'Xrept thi' Wliitewat.r .■anal in tla' S.K. .■.ini..r.| What railrmit in In.liaii.i? Ani. From M.i.lis.ai. on tlu' O— .i, N.W., throulh (.'— » to Iiiilianapolis. What i» til.' I'oiir.-.' .if 111.' Sivi«nnl r(nid in Indiana? A>is. W.'ht t.i In.lianapolis, inul tlu'iu'e W.t^.W. tliroujli 'j'^^> H — e, on 111.' Walia...!], into llhn.ns. What Imrn on Ink.' .Mii'hii,'an I at tile nninnof Pt. Mnry's nnri PI. .lo. : sepll's rivors t at tli.' ll.'a.l .if steam n•lvi^ati.ln .in til.' Waliasli i at til.' 1 intersection of tlii' Nnti.mal roa.l with tli.' W. fork of White rivi'r ( at tlie en.i of a railroad on Ih.' Uliio t What towns at the falls of tile Ollio I INDIANA. Ffiniirc inil(^f. n.'..r>Ofi.— roputntion. tierj.SfiR.— Pop. to aq. m.. \'>. 1. Indiana, thonnrh the smallest, is one of the most thrivinfT oi'the Western States. iMllO.— Wliof s/f'fr on tli-- X. ? on tlio K. ? on tlio P.K. ? on tlio S. .' on til*' W. ? Wlint Iitki- wnsln's tin" nortlifni const ? What river, llio soMtlicni honttT ? liilo wlint rivers .Htlit* .south ? U hut river trniii [n.lijtiia ctiNrs Iitlto llrU* near t!u' N. line of tlm state? Whnt river jtniis the Ohio in the S,\V. (■oni''r? Whnt river pnsSL'fl ncnr tlm center of the •'tate find idirit* the Ohio ei[ Port-iiunith t What river drnitis n lin ve imrt of tlie eii-t half of the htate, auii ioins tlie Ohio nt Miirieitnf \\ hut river in the N.K. enter;* lake Krie at ri.-velnii'i ? What river ritea near thu (tource of Si-iitto, ami run^i N. to Hanihi^ky hay? p.'scrilie the Ofn'n rnnnK Ann. From rortamnittli, on thp Oliio. nt' the innitthritUie S — o. it rilll^ lip the vall.'y olttiitt river HO mill'?, ero^s- ' e^ to t!ie Miii-kiiiLnnii. [la.-re-t up tlie valley ol' the TuHCHniwaB, n hrnneh tif till- Mu-kiiuiiin. to i'lirtiiiii' ^-inninit. aiiil Hi-n (le,>-(,'i'nil(i the valley of [li,. C— a to ('I'v.hiiifi. hrnticli eaiiiil-* ennnecl it on the rH!»t with norkini; ami MiiskinLnun rivirf, nmi witli the Ohii> in i'eiinsylvnniu. De-Jcrilie the Miitmi and U'tih'inh canal Ann. From Defianfc. on, the W!ih!i?h imil V.nv vv.wX. ct the mnntli t^\• \\\ fJInize river, it nin^ \ Honfh, up the vaHey of that river, an.l tiown the vnlley of tho Miami, i to Hamiitnn, whence U. crosses to Cinciiinnti. ; IVhn'tinrnnn the (Mfe, nt the mouth of the Mu.->kinciim ? month of the Hci'ito? hitwi'cn tlie two Minmis? ("\. U'ltiV totrn tih,-rt tfn' yIiiumpe '• 1*0. : i*! junction of Mml i'iver with Miitni ' Pn. i A Jial-Oual oh Uh ti aitUfli. \l. In I!! II) the popiilnlioti wjv* less than 0'),0n(», mid iu III II). nearly TDO.OOII, nn incri'ii.-^c of HO iuUl in 'M) voarH! i ;f. Tin* cdiintry smiili of Wjiilc river and its Kast I'orU ' is hilly and nm^li ; larliier north, it is eitlier hnel or nndu latirifr, with forests and prairies beantirnlly interspersed. •1. The soil is very fertile. (Nirn, wheat, pork, beef, and livfvstoelt are ihe staple prodni-rnms, ,'). Th'' iKiitle 1)1" 'ri|ipecaM're. in which tlie Americ.ins inidt'r lieneral Harrison sii^rially defeated ihe'lndians, wan foiiL'ht in lltl I, at the jnin-tion" of Tip[«ecanoe river with the I'pper Wahasli. rvni.\N M'oi.is. the capital, is pleasantly sitiiatrf/r and A"i.'« »-'>»■/, IhnirisluML' town*; on llielpiier \Viil)asli: nnd Aflrf/i- fion ctt//, the only L'ood lamliiiL- plnce on hike Michigan withni tho stnto, are ninoii^ llie other noted phxces. Qiifsiwnn.—l. For whnt ii» Indiana nnted? ?. Ilnw rapidly hns it inrreapeii ? :i. invt^ of the country ( 1. j=oil ? t-ta|il.'P ? Ti. When, where, nn.l hetwern what parties was the l)iinle orTippeciUioe ? Will re. and for whnt noted, hidianapoh-? M.uliMiii * ,«'"•, OHIO. Squnre milep, 10.500.— ropulniioii. l.-'jlO.-hll.— Pop. to sq. m.. rifl. 1 . Ohio is the most populous, wealtin . and im- proved state west ot* the Alleghany Mountains. 2. The first white setlleinent was made in 17Mf); nnd now Ohio is the third stale of ihe Tnion in pnpnlalion. and has nearly a ihoiisand miles of canal and raih'oad ! ;i. Tho comitry is generally level, except in the S.E., where it is broken ami hilly. It is forested, except in the cenli^r and N.W., where are rxteii-ive j)raiiios. 4. 'J'he soil is very fertile, and nine lentha of the wljole are capable of [inditable cullivalinn. (). Corn, wheat, and pork iU'c llie staplo pro(biction8. G. Ir(ni, coal, tnid salt abonnd in llie 8.1^ enmities. C'oi.L'Miif«. die capital, is a tlotirisliinij town nn the S — o river and National road, near tho center of the slnle. Cincinufjfi, on tln> () — n, m^ar tho S.W. comer of the state, is tlin InrL'est and wealthiest town in llie West, and the greatest ))ork market in ihe world. L'liicninact J.aaditig. i'/nrfnnd. nn lake Erie, has nn extensive trade. Sninluski, cifi/, on S — y hay. is the depot of a hii:hly fertile interior. Sfcn- hniviih', in n. c((al region on the t> — o ; Ziiw^nlU: on the M— m. at its lower hills ■. l>'iiiton. on (he M — i. nt llie [unclion of Mad river; iind (Jiuh'ir<'//n\ on the .-^ — o, me ail lloiei^liinu numulac- turini^ towns. I'liTj/shurir. at the head of nfivi-aiiiai on the M— e, nnd 'J'oIkIo. iiear its nioiith, are new trntliiiu; towns. Qtif!»ti(yjiit.~]. Fur what \^ Ohio noted ? '-1*. Ihnv rapidly Inn she in- rrenfied? ;i. tace of the <-ountry ? 1. ^^oiW .'». staples* ti. minerHUy .Where, and for wluit noted. Coinnibus? Cineiinrnt' » Sir. rja iil I! ^tl 34 MICHIGAN AND I O W A. [it, « '- i ; M QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAFS, MICHIGAN —W'liiit p(TuIir\nry in th uow tlie st-at <.l an *xlfii--ive (.ujuniiTt <', Bteambrials constantly runnin-^ to IlulValo and otlier ports on the LM'eut lakes. Jiitiiaim n.-isfmtii' li at MmKinun.. Monroe is well situated for manufactures and cnnunerce , at the lower iiills of the river Kaisin, and acfe.ssible by thei Iarj:est vessels from llie lake. Adrian and Tecuinsfh. lui Rnisin river; Ann Arbor, the i seat of the universiiy of .MJcliJL'an. and Yimlonti. on lin-j rou river; ./rtcA-,sn?(, on (band river ; /'en//«c. on the Clin- ton ; Kdhimazoo and Mnrshol/, on the Kalaniii/oo ; and Sf. ' ' Morys, at the rapids of St. Maty'a river, between hikes Su- perior and Huron, are also iniportunt places. j : Quostiong. — 1 . For what is Michiiran noted ? 2. Wliere nro the ; white settlements ? ;j. What Imlians, and where do they live ? ,, , . .„ 1 Tt o -I- . 1 ! "*• How rapidlv has the i opnlation uruwn ? .O. soil ! staple 7 fi. ■ t „,„ .,,, „ Mackinaw is a vdlairo and U. S. mditarj- post, on an isl- mineral .' 7. anunals ? -a. What feature of the landscape in the i ' * "1 i " ' ' ^- ' '' f-^ and and strait ot the same name, commanded bv a fort on southern countica ?— Where, and for what lu-ted. Detroit ^ Ac. P^rtflot the luiited tjtatCB and trimi fcurope with Ued River? with St. Peter's I WISCONSIN. — WHiat lake bounds Wisconsin on the en^t? What river, on the west ? How is it houndcil on the north '! Ui}\v, on the south 1 What laru'c hay in lake Michiean N. R. of the state? What river enters (Jreen hay at its south end ? Of what lake is Fox river the outlet .' Wo. What larire river ontei-s the Missis- sippi in the .<,W,'.' Wn. In what direction lio Green bay, Fox river, and the lower part of the Wisconsin run? What fort at the portatre between Kox and Wisconsin rivers? What tuwn (u ttie Mississippi ahove the month of the Wisconsin? What town at the nioulii of l''ox river.' What lariio town on lake Michiiran ? What is the faro of the country? Ana. Either level or nn- dulatinu': welltirnhered near lake MirhiLran. hut fallinir off to oak-openiuL'S, and then pniiries. towards thu Mississippi IOWA. Sqnnrr milps, 73,000— r"pulalirin, 1211,000.— Pnp. lo xj. m., .1}. 1. The new state of Iowa, admitted into the Union in 1810. lias increased in po[)ulation more rapidly since 1838 than any other state or territory. 2. Till, fertile sriil, firm cliinritr. and nrodiictivp mines of eiir lli'iusnnds (if iiiiiiiii^rHiits from all T J? ■10 MU 43 42 . .^ f t^Mmi^mimmgw J dV '^'fs:^ ■ 3RCISCS ON t, i-iilinhty in the .4. It COIlxitltH of betwcriifourof n —Which of thf> 'th conn ol th(! ulh coniit of tho fi.it I'Diitit ol* the rat roniit of ttm < h, tliu U.K. lHT- e betwoon taken (■lik'aij I Huron A Krin ? Fnmi [inratcrl by Inkrs Clair ? Wlint I? Whatstoto into Wisronsin Mioliignn f On. on) Inko Huron I \ yw. Whnt iipil hv four laruti 1^ N.l*:., S.K., H., y (tors Su«inu\v •onsittcrnbfo riv« ufl Htntt' 7 Hn., 'Micliiyan aoutti litrivor? Wlmt it ln'twccn lakps Imt town on tlic •ior anil Huron ? iiaji) on ttie river tlic Kalainnzoo? luntrj' 7 An*. In tM- tevnt or Kditly ;li a dtMiBo tbresf, inus. nnii prairioo ' ncn-tiicrn ponin- ry, (IS yt't inijier. ran? Ann. 1. r take Eric, iiL'ti iitl tlio south- to on lake Miclii< ■ completed, from 1. A raitroiui from imtinutMl west to n : nnit, :i. A rail* onndcil? What iflconnin and llli- tissonri ? Wlint ; rivers in Iowa? (1 thi'V einptv *. BIT li. Ms., Sk., country and soil ? uhitioi,', wotl ..a- -land and pniirio [isissippi, just he- ? S. Pa ■ What of the St. Peter's nortli into Hritish Ivi (rend frntn the Mississippi, near nain on the east? eil on tho nortli ? lie state 7 What what lake ia Fox 'Utei's the Missts- u do Green liay, isiii run ? Wtiat w rivers 7 What llio Wiseonsiu 7 lat lariio town on littler level or nn- hiit fatiioL' otf to MiasiasippL p. to Brj. m., .1*. ilted into the T population / other state Inctivr mines of i'^rnnts from all Previously lo its aiiinisf^iuii into tlie l^nion lu iiti iude-l Quesfiom^. — 1. For wlmt ia Iowa noted? 'J. Wtiat attracts , l)en(l pendoilt Btuto, it was tho S.K. piUt of the tcrrilortf of| etn>>'i«rntits7 3. What was luwa previous to its ndiM.ssion | stick. I into the Union 7 4. Wlmt liuliiuis, and tinw nnuli of the lerri- i --- ( (Sou/). S;u-8, Foxes, nnd otlii-r Tndi:»ns still h'""-^' ''" '''*'>' '"''""ryj ''■ ^\t'iit '"'"^■|;'' 'dnmnds, iind in what I rofuu over nnnu lliuu nim^ tenths of ilie terrilorv. I*."'S"' ' Vi ''''■''»">■> . '*■ "["I''''^ ■ ,''■, 'l'*^^" .*'" '''V ''"*•"""* "*" \ l>ii)i.i.....> «.. tK . m:. ..... .I' .1 ■ 1 . sii>t I — \V here, and i)r w iiit noted, Jowa eity f «.Vc. .». Uuinnpio, on tho .Mississippi, (unin* [imt ol the richest | ^ lend ref^ion in the wiirld s ovtu' the Hide, and theu beating \vitli a Iowa. '1. The Si.ni . Iinliun corn, lead, and live stock nre tlie staples. 7. The Imlians subsist cliictly by hiintiiiu' and lishiiiR WISCONSIN. H(]unro milr.«. r.8,000. — I'opulntion, lr>.\-,'T7. — rop. to sq. tn.. 2; 1. The new state of Wisconsin, ndmittcci into tlie I'nion in 184(), is rapidly liliinjj np witli an imiiistriuiis and energetic ])opula- tiiin. 'J. I'revioiihly to its jiillnissioti iiitii tile I'liicili iis an imlr- |n'inli'iit statL', it (Viriru'd Ihu suiillitM'il part uf thi: tcrrUoiy nt' Wisconsin. M. Till' (Tliippcwii, ^ViInll■ll:ll:'>. McnmnoniM*. nnd ntJu^r [liiliinis still lucnpy iicinly the wluilu ol'tln; tulritiiry nortli I of Fox ]iM(l \\'isron>in rivt-i-s. ^. , , , ■!■ Onint iind Iowa coiintii'B. in tlin S.W. cornrr of tin' ' '^ ■' tcri'itory. iiri* tiio most protlnctivc part ot tin* i;ri'at IinkI Iowa ciTV, tho capital, was laid ont in ISlll. in ii fine, district iin tin; Mississippi, and co|ipcr is also ft>nnd liore in licaltliy. l(MiiU. c(niiitiy. on Iowa livcr. Sii irjilcs IVoin the almndancc. Mississippi, and is alri-ady a considnalilo town. | .1. Tln-wliolc loail district riicliidin:.' tlio parts in Uiiiiois, Ihirliuoi.-,,,^ on tlif M— I, 10 or fiO niilfs fi-orn (I»; S.E. and Iowa, yii-lctcd in IS:!:! inorf ('nan :i(».000.000 poiin.ls. corner ol tin; territory, lia.s a f;ood laiidin;,'. Blnominelitn is ] (i. ficsidi's lead and copjicr, llio staplu prodiietioiis are iidvanta^coiislv located on a licnd in tlio M— 1. at tlie lirst wheat nnd live-stock. place aliovi' liinlinu'ton where a town can lie Iniili. l)u- \ 7. Wild rice :;rows in the hill.i. — 1. Fia- what is Wiaconsin l!et!;J ? *? ^^'bntwos Wisi'oiisin previoasly 10 its nthnissiun into the I'nion? 3. What Imlians. niiil where do they live > A. W'liiil minerals, and where nre they Iiaiiiil f .'i. How inucli does the whcle lent* district of Wisconsin, town, nnd IIIiiiMis \ield ' (i. staples ? 7 Wliera iloe.s the wild rice irrow, and how is it cuthered ?— W'liLTO, nail fur wlmt anted. Madison ' Ac. I y| K)l IH i > V QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAP. | MI:5S0UUI.— Wliiit ti:rritor>-ini iIjp X. ? What two states : nn the K. ? WlmtstHH^ nii tln-V.? Wlmt territory im tliuW.? j What four boumlury rivura T What two buiiiidary paralluls of hititiidc 7 What trreixt river nins entirely arrnss tlio stnto from west to east I Wlmt two hirtre triliutiirh's of the Missouri from the S. .' Oe., Ge. Wimt two from the N. ? ihl, Cn. Wfiirh is the lar- ^^est trilnttariftiftlu' .l/iA-si-ssf/'/^/, north of the Missouri ? St.: «outh of the Missouri ? Mc. In whiit purt of the stale are f^t. Funi'is nnd White water rivers? In what part, Wxn Illuek, t.'iirrent, and White rivers ? What inountuiin* in tiie .S.W., on the Arkunsus boundary 1 What lartje town on the Mississippi, 17 miles below tiio mouth of the Missouri f rf, Ls. What towns on tlie Mississippi .south of ?rt. Louis .' Hm., S. Oe.. X. Md. What town on the Missouri, 'M milus from its nionlli ? S. (.'s. What is the capital of Mis- souri ? On what river is it ? On u-hiif r/nr, IJcKmville ? Frank- lin 1 Iiif!''p^nihMtff ? Miri'*ii • iiy '/ Whiih wny fronr St. Louis arc tlie lead and iron mines ? What is the fiin; of tin; I'ounlry 1 Ana. North of Osaqe and Missouri rivers, a tJue, unduiatini: reu'iou. wuil wtHnied near the eireams, and ulsewherc spreadiuL' into extensive [prairies ; south of these rivers, broken atid mountainous, except in •''•; y.t--, near the Mississippi, whore it is low and inuudated. •66 ILLI.VOIH.— What tprritorv on the N. ? What state on the I E. ? Oh the ri.K. 1 on the S.W.*.' What territory on the N.W. .' What boundtirjf ri'Cr on the stdf ot' Indiana l of Kentiu-kv ? of Missouri and idwaT '^V hat boundary parallel og the X. / ^Vhat ;lake on the N.K.f ' What three larue tributaries oftho Mississippi from this state? '■: Ilk., Is., Ku. What is their peneral coursj { Which of the ' three is ii)rnied by two branelics, one ri.slnj.' in Wisconsin and ; the other in Indiana ? How lart:e ti |iart of Illinois is drained by these throe rivers 7 Aw. About thn-e foui tli.s. I What lari(o town on lake MicliiL'an ? Co. : in the X.W. corner ' of the Htatet fJa.: on the Mississip|)i. betwctii the mouths \f\' the ; lliiiiMis and Missouri * An. What town at tlurunion (*f the Ohio ' aii'l MissisHi[»pi \ Co. What is the capital of the state 7 >^i\. What larL'O tiiwn on the Mississippi, west of tJitrim:helrl ? Uy. I Describe the -//«-"/.v(//;(/.V'(/( (!.'(/ 'if '/""/■ Am. FrfunChicuL-o, jon lakeMichiiiar 't runs S.W. down the valleys of iJes IMiiines ; ami Illinois rivers lo I'eru. iit the head of steamboat navigation nn tin; IliinuiK. Wlicn iiiiiKlud. it wii! admit vessels drawhiu' ti I feet of water, from lake Michi^-an to the Mississippi. ! Describe the Xtf"'tu/i Road. Ans. From Terre Haute ui la- ' diana it runs W.S.W. throuL'h Vandalia to Alton. ' What rtnlroad-' in Illincus ! Ans. The extensive liuea of rail- road laid down on the map have been eoimnenced in nniiiy parte, but only a few Uii.es are fmisbed. TEX AH. — What country on the N.? Wlmt country and wlmt water on the K. 7 What country on the tf.W. ? \\ hat bound. iLr\ rivers on the side of the U. tiiates 7 Ud., Se. What iMjuud- arj' river on the side of Mexii'o ? H. CJe. [\ute. — The boundary, flccurchn^* to act of Texan Concrrse, Dec. 19, IKtfi, is tlie lUo Gniudf! from it^ uioutli, in the iaiU of Mexico, to itd source, thi-nre due N. tn pftmllfl of 4'J- N. latitude and thcnt-u the hoiuid- nry of the V. Stittiis to tlie milf of Mexico. The Texiina Hctmilly oc- cupy only Uie S.K. part, uxtenihni: i.'tX) or :iOO niilea from the gulf.] I Which are the three lafirest rivers that enter the eiilf of Mex- ico between the .Sabine and the llio Grande ? Td., Us., Co. What considerable river half way between the Colorado and Kio (irande 7 Ns. What two '.-onBiderable rivers unite and empty i into a bav halfway between Neucea r. and the Colorado ' Ge., S. Ao. What small river enters Galveston bay at its N.W. ex- tremity 7 H. ,lo. What river enters Sabine hike or bay at its N.\\'.*exlreniity ? Ns. What is the L-iuieral course of the riv- ers in Texas .' Am^. From N.W. to H.\\.. 1 What i** the fa''*,' "f the cnoiiti-;^', climnte, and roII 7 Ans. For j 7*1 or ?iO miles trom the coast the counliy i-** level, and very fer- , tile, free from marsh or swamp, but subject, at certain seasons, to bilious diseases; then, lor aUiut 100 miles conies a tine, [healthy, fertile, roilinu' cfnoilry ; and then, a broken, moimtain- ■ (uis, and couipariitively barren, but healthy reL'itiu. H-iw is it wooileil / Au.s. Well wooded on the hanks of tho 1 — t • 1 1 1 iL i 1 - : - _ j 1 1 1 \ ! LU :HiCAA f'litfHimisn Bvniuville 3^ Si il fit country uml what \y. 1 Wlmt bound. ,, Se. Wliut iMjuiid* rn fnnl iflifaf, iiiiil llio iiiilli' Hiiil "wiiir ciC Ihit |iniiiii'H rui'iit-li liiH' hirj' unit i^rk III iiliniiiliiiii f, I'l, l.rri,! iiliiiiinili) iii'ir (Iiili'iiii, mill >''»'/ i< rmiiiil in iii'ii ly I'M'IV I llllllU ill till' nlHlf, Si'iiisi.riM.ii. Mil' i'ii{iil:il, \* nil till' liiirilrr iil' ii Uiiiiliriil IHiiiiir, II lilllf W. Ill' III.' ri-lilii- III' llir nliilr. ('Iiiiiit.'i>, nil liilli' M rliiu'iili, 111 till' liiiiiilli III' CIliniL'ii riv- • ■r. « liiili rni'llM II I'lir huliiir, rnlilH uli il liv ^lllll|l riiliiil w illi iiiiU i-i\i'r mill till- Mi-<->iFt>i|i|i'i, i^ llii' liii'i:i'-^l liiwii, unit, hotii III" iiilviiiilll|ji-i« III' iln litll.ltiiill liir Imilr, Jiliilllisrn Ui lie mil' III' till' ^'i'l'iiti'Ml iiil;iiiil ritii'H in Aini'i'irii. /I". (I in iil»ii llni'lv Bilii.iliil 111 III Illii' lii'-i hiiiiliiiL.''* Ill' till' M — |il, iii'iir till' iminill' III till' I— « mill M — ri, iilnl mi I III' liiiiiliT III III II lull- III I mil mill liiiii'iitiiiii', mill all I'Mi n- ^ivi: liiii'Hl III' Dm' tiiiil I'l . lii)ii' nil till' .M — |ii, 17 inili'H lii'lnw tlir innnili 111' tliniM.inil in lH|-.>. MISSOURI. 'till' -^1 — I'i. Ill nun lit' llir iiin.,1 ciiiiwiiii.'iil ftli'iiin-hiiiil Imiil- '1. Till' inliiiliiiiinl.iiii'i'rliirlly iiniiii,L'riii1.->hniii llii' Biintli- .fiiiinrrniili'n -Iini'iii— I'lMiiilnti.iii ;KI 7'i--'— I'nii Ui Bii 111 .-1 I i'lf-''* "" 'I"' nvi'i'. fini |iiiil nl' Ihn l.'nlti'il Stiiti'1, ,,. ' '. ' , , '' " " ' , I. •' ' //iirii/.nni/m mill .SV. r/iln'i'n'i'.'.iiii till' M—|ii,lii'lii\v Si, ,'». Ml:.ir, r.illmi, mnl nil llin Miiilhn'ii ^1ii|i|i'< llniin,li nmir I. MiSHiMII'l. tlic iMI'U't'St Sllltf 111 IMf I llli'li, |,„n;s,mnilii'ilii,'l'|inii»nl'llii'iiiiiii'nil,li,lri,i; .s'/. r/„„'/..., till'' M. » liili' iiin-t KiiiiU nl' (.'iiiiii mill tinit irimv liiMul- Witli ;i Vt'l'V lui'lilL' Siiil, li;is ^'I'tMl lllilicral i'e- nn ilm M— li. -jo lu'ili'st'i i ils iiiimih, in n llniii'lrliin:.' iilmi'; mulv in " Ihn rnllini i iilry," , |,|.,,,.,. ' /ii./i'/.r;n/i(n'i-, 11 liw lilili'i. S. nl' ihn .M — ri, liniir till' Hi'-I- 'i. IIi'IiIkiiI' wilil mill lllllll' riilllr r ii ii\ iT llii' |iriiiiii's, ''". ,, ^V 1- . ■ .11, ■ 1 . I'i'ii hniniiliirv, is Ihn >tmtirii.' niiiiit lllllll' Smiiii 1 I- iiirimiii ; iiiiil in »iiiiii' ji.ii't.i llm linlliiln ii still liniilnl nilli M|i<';if i.iul -S. lli'i- stiii'i's nf /,'„./, „■„,,,'..„/, r,,: .s„l ,m- in.'.xlM.ns|. ,.„,„, ,„;,„. ,|„. y^ ■ -, ||,„ , ,, ;„,■„,„„ j,, „„. ,^ ,. ., „„.,„v i.y ,1,,,' ,,i|,| |,„|i„„. „ „. , ,,;, n,.|., |,ii,m.. ,l,l..,,m,lsl..3l,iMiil,sn..n,.',ii,it.nii.iiy.,,hm,l,.ipi,.,lvi',',,'i,,i. ,,,. ,1^- ^.^^,,,. ,.„,„„. y,,',,,,,., s.S.U. nl' Si. I i-, i, in tin' .* -,. . . '"''?.!.','■ ■Ill' • iv 1 • . . ii'i'llti'l' nl'lhi' li'llil Illini'S. 1 :i. 111.' |iniiri|iiil li'iiil miiii's iim in Wa.sliniiilnn niiinly, | iiriiiiiiil till* sniirci's lit' Il linimli nl' tin' .Mrrriiii:ir, 70 mill's ! (^iii'sfiiw^. — !. rnrwlmt is Missnin-i unli'ii ? •.'. Wluit nn- iln- S.S.W, III' St. I.nnis. rliii't' liiiln rills ' :l. W'lliTi' liin llii- liiiil iiiiiiiN t I. SVliin' iir' ■1. Iniii imniiililiii. ll lll'iss nl' |mi'i' ilini, :i.'in fi'i't lii-li, mill ''■"" mnmiti'iii ""'I I'llnl Kimli.' (tnu liiri;,' nil. \\v\ '; .•,. itiii'l ivvn mill's ill lin'llil I l',:.il Kin.l: wh'i.ll is ll.'.'ii'lv liiilf i;T-'ii'''illini'l jV;'"!"' t« ? inill.iiils ' l,, Wliiil Irinln «ill, tin' In ,..,,, .■ , ■ ■ I ., 1 ,1 ! ,^ :,, ,.; ;, ; i;,,i . illlins r I. \\ lint iirll.'i.'l* art' .■x.'liiili'Ji'i 111 I II' .■"lllllll rn Inn I' f li'iill, 1 1' 't I '_' . ll I t'l' 1 II I's 111 t'lli'illt. n 1' I ittlii ..,, , ,. I . . 1 I ,!• , I ,^.. I ' . . "',..,,.. ,. , , , ■ , ... \\ liLTi'. nnil till' wliiit iiiilivl, ,lr iT.sini I'lly ! ,'•1 Liiui» f iLf. Hiintll lit till' li'nil lllini'S. Ini' n.xli'iit mill inhiii'.ss nl irnll •" ore tlii.Ti' is nntliiim likn this in ihn kiinwii wmlil. J j .% Till' pniiripnl niint'iilrnrnl |ir.nliiiliniis mc cnrn, hi'inpr ILLiIIMOtS mil tnliiri'ii. mill till' iH-iiirtrs I'ni'il iiiinn'iisi' Imrils nl" rjillln * I S()njirc iiiilr! I. llIIlK ,.'iiii;._i'ii|iuiaiiiiii. i;ii.i-:i.— I'lip. Ill ■!! 111., '.I. f'M" i 7, SiJM'r, (.'iilil, mill nlliiT valiialili' iniiinials nliiniinl in ihi iiiiL's. mill III Ii. Till.' t'ltr tT'iili' il nnn'ii'il nil 1111111 til ^ slnln with tlin , m- ■ • * i j- .1 .' .-i I. 11„„- l',l„. r„ Ml i ' '■ lllllll':s IS imtcil Im' IllC Irl'llll' H'ilinCS mminlmlis. Iii|liai sill thn 1,1,1 .M,-..,i. in. ,, ■ ,- • \vl,l,.l, ,.,,vi.i' ivvi, 111 rik .,r iu ^iiiH-' I N. SlnMTv wns nlnilisli,,! in Ti'xiw wliiln it wns ii pni, . 7. .\ trait' \\"'il I S.uila I'r in Nn-.v Mi-xirn, fur snnrii'. W llt( ll CllVL'l I \\ 1 1 Ilhlll^ nl llN Slllrilt'. '. i- \i ■ i . i i . i ■ -, ■ i ' , , , , ■ I ,. ,, I II. .nun nl .Mi'.\lni, lint has linnli ri'.slmi'il slliin Its niil.'p.'inl- w.iiil, mill iniili's, in I'NihaiiL.'.' tm .■nilnn ami «n,,|,.|i :..iinils ., .pi,,, ,;,.,, ,,„„„.,||y ^„, f,,, ,n,.r ihn piairi.'s, .h'slr.ivint' ..m.' is nisii rniTi.'il nn liy I'lirnvmis, « In, h am limpi inly alt ic'k. il ,|,„ j^,.,,.^, ,„„! i|,.,.|,n(;i", hnl ll'ilvill^ llli' n^lii's In t.i till/..'' III.' | ' ■ ' " il. Ai s 1 IN. III.' I'npilnl, i, a n.'W I. ami, nn llin l.fl lnuik nf lllint'nl.irniln. lis till' saMi'/ns III" till' iiiti'r\ t'liini.' ."iinitn. wlt-i inniii n\nr till' plains miniiili'il nn swil'l hnrsi's, ainl luiiiml with spniu* ari'iiw. mill lilli'. t. Till- .l«nW-ini /!.'//.. w, wh'.rh .'Xli'ilils illnll'.' tin' Mi s -- piii IMI mil'--. I'miii \tlmi tn th,' nniiitti nl' tin' K'ukiiskia 1 -I . ..,, . .11,1 1 .1 ;.. .. I a. I.. I'..., .Nijj-ii il T"'>tri\i lUiiuiMil li.j iuiUiirif. .iKiKKK-ioN » IIV. ihi' ciipihil. is near tin' crnter nf tli'- lilily. slat)', oil the Mi>:i'»iui river, a lilili- aliuve the mniitU ul' lliej 'I. Thi- >itii'.i' .■ i- i"" i '■ v ''T'" ' n 0.^1.."', i 'UiJiikniir: 'I !•■ in.ij u- of liir i 1,^ Anidlil.' tin- nthiT liKVim lire S.i/'.'nr of ('ill. r 11. MMI :inrl lixi |>i-iHiinerN by lh<' M.xi- ■ eiinn in cold blood ; trnd >'.'^ -]iitiiiiii> fir Itv.nrr. ;ui nld Siijuil.-ji Inwn on ill'- n|i|i.-r fiiol *'\' tb • S in Aril'ioin th.- scene ot m-^i r III NiniL'iijnary .n.lli. t-, ;uid |inrlieiil:irly of the deii|.er;He di- I friuo- of the Miiiiiii tniT't !*•», tor Iwo w. '.-It'*, Viy 1..0 T'xan.s im ■ di-r Tol. Tiuvj", )i Mwi-I -lOO) MexieiUiM tindiT c^iuila Anna. (/((.»;;,! ■*. I, !(.,«- Iimj litiM Ti'Mif* l>rrn inilrpendrnt? 1". Uh.it h;H ii'suil liMMi ■'() to ■,'.. Ii I I drrii, iiaii ol inr\li ij tlble li-r-' *"* 'I..- ..!m- l ..f tli.. >bsi.jiiH in ilir l.;.irli' of ;^,mi Ji.cinto? \Vj,„t ... ^ Mv '-" (hi* tf - •\>-\ uf jriodrivilely I'l^v, 1 . ■ if li-^iiiiilv b*. ' 1 ' '- . J ! t|i"hwtl> f :i. Ulu't i» ilif |'i'i>«i-!ii"ii ^ 'bthc ■' '' Ii lilt f i;, miiio:!.'- f 7. niim ml.' ( b. U'li .\ olM,. .nd tor "h»t iiul'^J, Austin ' riub.ac ci*v ' '. •■ f ;;'.. J ti 5 QUESTIONS AND EXEHCISES ON THE MAP. MKXU'O— Wliiii cciiihtiy "11 til.' N of M.-xji-.r ' What rniiiilry mi tlm N.lv 1 Wlin'l wutcr iiii I'.ii' K. ' WImt couii- trv iiii'tlic S K. I Wlint wiitiT mi llie S. iitiil \V. ' "What Itirire jieniii-^ala jtils nut fniiii tlic mistoni const ^ Yli. Bctwi'eii wlmt lia> ;* is tlu' pfiiiiisulii of Yiiuatitii * What hirt'o p.Miiiisiiln jatu out IVmn Ihf wi'stfni iiiast ( What hay waslies the riistprii coiut of (.'aUVuniia .' What larui; rivi-r tonus the tioumlary on the siih; of Texas ? Whatrivereiiters llie milf of t'aliforuia lit its hem) ? Co. What river joins tiio Colorado near its moiilli .' (in. Wlial lake near latitude -'0' ! Ca. What river is the outlet of lake ('lia|iala .' What is the eliaraeter ol the mast .' An-'. The (iiilf slreani, in its passm-'e dloiii; the easti'rn coast, throws up saml. and liiniis hars licrosa thu months ol the rivers, so that there is no lthkI port ou that eimst. The wi'Stern coast has several excidlelit ports, as .\eapnleo. Qnayiiias. f of an ill! use level eonntry on the lop of ■■ lolly raiiu'e of inoiintniiis. Fmm these elevated plains single inoniitains iK'ca sionaily shoot np, whose lops are <-overed with everlastinu' Bliow. Several peaks neat the city of Me.sieo are l."),l)UO feet hiL'li. and the hi-diest are voleaiaies. What ellert has the taee of the cimntryon the climnte ? A'lK- In the low plains on hotli eoast.s, the eliinate is very hot and lUl tiealtliv. As you ascend tin' slopes ol the i-renl nionnlain raic'e, it becomes more temperate, and at the elevation of 1 or .Mluil feet there rei-jlis perpetually a soft spriiej lein|ieriitnrc. Ili-di- er up, it is often niieomlortalily cisil , nnil at llie liei-.;ht of li or 71100 fi'et the' cliniatt: and veL'etiition reseinhle those of the luirtherii parts of Hiiiope and .•Vinerica. What elVeet has the fiiee of the I'oiiiitry on the rnails ' .'iiin. The roads IVom the cMy ol Mexico and every part of the liiudi ta- ble land to the coast on either sale are very dillieuit. and trans- jHirlalimi of I'lioda rnn he I'tfe'-ted onl\' on the hacks of mules ; iiill the top of the tahle land is so levid that wheel eurriau'cs can run witiioul interruption troin Mexii.'o to .Santa l-'e. (ir.\TlM.\LA.orCi;\tKAl. A-MKlin A.— What ciamtry on the N.W. of Uiiatiniula ! What hay washes the noilliern coast ! lis. What sen. the eastern coast ' Wliat isllHiiiis on the S.K. (onneets it wilb .S. America ' What oeeii.i on the W. ' In ;).'t wllal ilireclidliiUa'S the western coast run ? In » lial direetions. j -J. Kof lliiee celilillies. mole lliail linll the slher ill thn the eastern cmist I What stales or provinces of Mexico hordm- known winlil liiis cnliie from Ibis coiiiilry. nnil nl one pen- on (iuatimala > In what zone is (iiiatimala ! What lai-L-i' lake ,,,1 ii,,, niim-s viehleil more llnili 5i;il.llll(l.illll) nnimnlly. Ill Iheaoiilli ' Tliioni;b what river diK's lake Nieaiai;iiaeinply I ., |,„|j„|, ,.',,ni is the chief clllli\nlr,l |ii'oilili lion. Cot- into the Caribbean sea ' Which provinces or "tales (,l (lUlltl , ,„,| ,,|^,,,|,^ i,,,,|^„^ ,|,,, |,,„„„„|. „||,| ,ro|,ienl phinis punuullv, mala iHirdcron the I'ueihe \\ liieh. on the ( •>'''"■''"'"<. ||o,irisl, on the eoa-t. ailcl most of tin- liniopeim j.iuinH uiiil What IS the a I the counlry ? .las. II ham ol tlie ..\ii .i . l i i „ l lies troni S. America, alter , rossim- the isthmns of Darien. sinks l"»ts What sea separates llie W, Indies from S Anieriea ' Which is the laru-est ol III.' W. India islands ! Which next ' WhicI xt' Whirb ii.xl ' What i;ronp at the north extrein- llv? Ila. Which. ifthe W. India islandsisfartbest west : C Jtir L'ufJtiiittiL Mili/"r'J I'tlliir. winch, lar.hesi east! IK ^^ l;"'IV^'7''Vr'w In li .s" U te, lin- its MvT-et ' j, a-e. IVom wbiib is , h- n »i -alleil 18 andsmtheAtlanlicatla.nsandiniles.N.otthi'W Indies ' lis. o o ii.i .i . j .■,i„. \i...i i ,l,ii,r>A;il It7„e/- /-■„, tn.m .Uf,^u„ lan te' L-ai is Pmlo H.eo ,' Ilayti ! piilMUC the hivorlt,' ilrmk nl the .Mexn .ins. ( me plalil w ill .laniaica ! (Inadalonpc ! Martinico ' Trinidad ! What are the yielil four ipnirts ol .pine III a day h.r lour or live monlbs; i-l Is sonlh of AnliLOia called ' Wd. Why so calhal .' .Ia.<. nnil there are plantations liiat rent lor Tlillllll p.M' aillllim. Ileiainse tliev face the trade winds, which here blow consliinl ,■•, The cia-bineal, all insect wliiill yields n beailtilul led Iv from the east. What are the islands west of Aiilifua call- i.,,],,,., i^ raised bv the ;lldiall^ in the prmince of Oaxaeii .■d ! I.d. nVinVi nnyjwm Jiimiiira is Culm I the Haliainas .' („n.|ia'-kn). and exported to the viiliie of ifo.hllll.dlin aiinii. the Hermndas f , ., , ,,., , . ,. allv The insects riMiiiblr our meal bill's, and me pliiiited What strait diviile, Cnha Ifon, Honda' W hat s iva , . co.cinelliler. wlieie ill a few tlis lliev in- en!-x^;e.;^:^oro,l;:i"- '^!:U:::X:Z,!:r-:^::ii:l :^.t l.Uy ;.; .-•; a^- -•!;;-;i;;!,;"- - ' of the west ,'n.l of Cuba ' Ps. W hat twc. ports im the north into bowls, mid killed by .■xposiie K, be.it coa-t of Cuba oi.posiie the south point of flonda ,' Ila.. Ms. (I. All the duniestic miunals ol l.iirope thrive im the la. II'A,(^ iH.il ill ihe S.K. part ol Cnha .' in the S.K. of .1; lea ' ble-lainis, mid horsi's, mules, cattle, and sheep are very iiii- at the liead of a deep bay on the west coast of llayti ! in the nieroiis in (■|lilinillliia ami llie other liorlhelll priiMllces. ri li. Ill ilayti ; on the nialli coasi of Porto llico I - 'pii,, ,.||,,.| cxporls are llie pin ions iiielnls. eoi himail- ' ir'^'^^CO. :■""' '"'""' 'I'"!'""' I'liii'-"- 'I'"' '■'''•'' iiiipi'ili' '"'• liimiiirnc ,'* ' 1*-^^ „ , ., ,„ - tnrecl L'oods. wine, ami 111 andv. .<,pnrennl..s,l,MO.n.iil_l'npua,no„, .,•-■.•,. ■ '",'";,'J';- •'; ,. .p,,,, ,„.„,^.j|„,| nrlieles wliicli the .Mexicans line iiCae. I. Mcxicii is imtctl lnr ricil silver IllllifS. i,,,.,.!',,,. i|||,,„,i,.|vrs me silver-ware, jewelry,! lies, earlli- and till- VlirielV of clilllilte and |)fO(luc,tiiillS. len-waie. eonrw wool™ ami cotbm ;:cio.|s, aiul soap. \ . '»; -\A «r.«j.;J,U,| Jttu Vi /(>i « I'ntmuu/t thf hilvi'i- ill tilt) iitiil lit ntic [H>ri- 10 uniiniilly. ruiliu liiiii. Citt- |>);inlM ucrit-nilly. i[iniii ;.'ittiiiH uiul Miii/iioj I'lfnir. ininivrlv ciiltiiir- lir II u iiM' ('ii]|c "« Mii«k.> r..ii.|ii.ml l.v III.' WimMim-.U iiml.T Cmlrt in ^ u. A .\mr% .unnl Cmm lli.' I'l.. Hi.' I V,- ,Ni.»ru,.ini ».mlil It. AIk.uI ii "ixtli |"irl "I H"' i«i,mi1iiIi.,ii lur tt l.il.'», luul ivl'l •..,.. II '•'.iliiiiv III .Snu'iii till lll'l «liili ll liitiuili' 111! "I"'" « I ""•■ ''"■ ""'I'* (liriwuli lliiit Ink. iiihI fun .1. n\.r Ijn, ,,;l n.-^iiio nii.l iiim1i.IIih'» I..JI, w,ui II ...lunY-.l .SiMiMi nil IH.I, »ii... "11 ji j|_^ \,|,„„„, I, ,;„, |„„„ , ,,, ,„|,|„„.,i. tt,„l whih! ,,, 'i-h.. ."liMiJ \.,:,\A- «.r I .Miuiiwllv .l»v.-,, fn.rn " lT7nmMilMH'in;l,.l,,..tnt...w.r >r,ullv in.l.p.Ma. >nu,lu wll r.v„luli.mu.. .!», c,.,„„K.r. ,■ ol tli.- «..H,1, , AlVi. „. HiMMnr. . .1 I.. «„i-k (nr ll,.- »l„.| -, Inie .Uv..,-y m .Mil.lMil ,iNil.'"liili.H "".I «r.'.k.'r», iir.' .»,,i|,>.'.l ».!.■!> Ill li« , |,.„| ,i,a.', iiinl l.:,« liillM-it.i Mi.-.v».riillj- r.'»i.l.a iIh' 11 I»',iiiIiI„I iM.'.inliiiii »,.I|.'V, »»« "i,.'.' ii inniiiiili. .'nl . ily, ni„,|/ >.'.»l« u,nl ...i >!...■« .., .1 „|n.ii I k .. Sl.-»liii,, I..,..!. ».'„t 1.1 ..ili.l,!.' it. ii.lnri,i:il Willi ►jiliiiiliil iliiirilift, lilt liiiviiiu l"''ii iiliii""! I'.'. Ali.nit mil' liHli ..I III.' |"i|,iiliili.i„ iir.' wl,iii'« .if,S|,iiii- .i...ir.i)...|, »l H,..! Iiy ,iii i'r.i|,linii ..Itl,.' Wiil.i' Niil.iiii.i, iinil i inli .ii'iKiui Uv.i liClh", li,.l,M„<; iin.l tl,.' ii'iiiiiin.l.'i, piiillv nrii.|.wM,-ii, in l?7.'i. Iiy ,iii .'iii'llii|ii,ik.'. III.' (iO'iiti',' pari iil' ii.'Kr.)i'», hill il.i.lU ,1 iiiix...l ni..', li.iin.'il I.) III.' ,111,1,11 "f ll,.' •„,.vi\iny i„li,il)iliii,lp< r.in.n.'il t.i ,1 »ilr 'J.'i niil.'« *.iitli wllil.'», Ili.llilUi", Iin.l n.'ur.,.'.. ,,l ll,.' ..I.I l.iwil, illl.l li.lin.l.'.l .V. ic Ihnllimahi, lllii lnvgi'»l 1:1. Till' il.'». .iiiliiiil^ ..r «l,iti'« iinil In.liini. iir.' .iilli'il . ,iv 1,, ,1... r..piilili.', iinil ""ii,'''iiii.i 'I,.' ' "pilnl. Mitllttnt; III' wIlil.'B linil ll.'Ur.,."., .Miilidt.im: \\1 l,i'tJ|iH'» JC*iWIP'?V" mill liiiliiin«. /.i"i''".'« Tli.'.li'i«riiiliii,u.,r i;,iii.p.'iiii»lii.iii ,^*^Jp * ' - in Vin.'fi.ii iiri' .iilii'il f'-mh^. -.*j> 1 I 'I'll.' (ji'iil iiiii«» 1,1 till' p.ip,iliili.,ii i" ill ll"' «.iitli.'rii .tf! lyi pnnini.'-, Ii..|.iw 111.' iiiiimII.I .,I 'J.i N. Int. Tlii' n.iitli.'rii ""^ |,r.ni„. .'«, with Iw.i iliir.U .if llu' lerriliiry, liuvf wiirct'ly t.'iilli pint i.r 111.' p..|.,,l„ti.iii. I.'i, 'I'll.' I,i.li„ii»i<.„iili .illiit. I.'i^ iiri' I'ivillz.'.l. mill nii,x.'it tiii.r.' ..r !..»» Willi tl,.' wliili'<. in ti.wiin i,„.l villi, :;.'». 'I'h.' ii.ii'lli.'i'ii l,'il,.'« ,i,-.' wild, riiMii;.' mmifii'", iiii.l ».„,,.■ ..I'lhi'iii. partiniliirly tin' ('iiiiiniuh.'ti. .1,1 tl,.' I»„.l.'i" i.l Ti'xii", uri' f.xpi'rt h.iirtrin.'ii nil. I l',.riiii.l,ilili' wiirrii.i-w. lli. 'I'l,,' ll.niiiiii Ciilhiilie icIiKi.in i» i'»liihli«lir,l by liiw, Iin.l nil iilli.'r ia t..l.'r„t.'.l. 17. Til,, iii/r.imi.l ,'(Ch„h,l„, n.'nr Pn.'hlu, riv,iU in iniiL-nlln.lo „,„.,„„„ _, ,..„, „,,„.. ,, ,•„ ,„,,. ,„„,.,, , .. \vi,nt Kii ' ' L'. 'I'll'' i^'i'''''" tmtl.', h-nm Hn' "."h "t "hi' li ,» i""'!"' ll"' .1" tl„. Ilr,.,it I'jnnni.l .if Ki^.vnt ll i.. inib IT'-' .'.l ,,«!,. I,..t llin „,,^ ",-'''. '^.^V,/;;;' '" w I .„ ^ l,,i. I I..' , I"' «>'»V "• li"-lil* \'""'i h ipH'"-.'-, iil«mi,.l. ..., tl,..'. « I .. .•!. .... I L« .■..111. ■>i- i*Ii rri". r.ti>r u )nli> ilu* l-V'v tiMim n\ r- niiHHii rinniirv iim r ruifu " 111.11111111111 t imw niri_ iiun n m ■ n ,, , , , '1,1 ■ 1 '. ,1 1 I, iiLir?.. link -^^^^^^^^ i„.l.'(..',..l..i,i ! :i. In » Init |...„,u .l.,.'» (ii„iiii,„il.i r..„.,.ihl>. .,1 Cilm, mi.l tl,.' ih'ikIiIhtuik iiil„i,.l». "'"'» tIi.''7('• Iho |.,.|.,ihili.i,i rhi I / ... Wl,i.l purt nl <;„„,„„„._\v|,„t nun r oli.,p.ar,. mil... in tl... \V. hull,.. I puii.l- II ,, I ;., ,1... < ,.■ ,,„rt ,,|- V. Inn in Ml.ill. ll,.' H,.,ti«l,',iru ll"' I'minti'v ,» ,,,..»t |K.piil...,a f ll. \\ Imt .'nniil il.l I..' iini.lr |i,ni.„ . .,>.■,■«,;. i,.,,iil...r ..n ,i i..|,ii.r. n,,l.' . I Mll.l,,,,,.. Ill th.' >A. p.rt ,1 \i„,ili ,, ,11 "I'l"'" """"l""^'- |„.r,.,,„„| U.|,„l wni.l.l ,1 ,.)l,'.t I \\l„;..,i,„t I'.,,- ahul itnli.l, ,> 1, 1 ..r « li.it nr.. tl„. W. hnll.... ,i..,..,l . .J. lu...'.,! ll„. ..ninfry I 3. vnl- ,\Mi.. I..,.n,.,lv ..»n..l nil ll,i' \V. Ilnln. i>lnl, i-h , rntiiiiiliiM liiKt hiiiiliMt in tlic \i>w Wnrlit. I'J. Tink'N iMiiiiiil iM liminiiM Utv its wilt iiiiuti' by iiuttinil i'\ii|Hii:itioil t'rniil puliils nt Kfii-wiitri'. |:t. 'I'hi' lU'tiiMi liiiN iiif u >M>ll-tnrtilli-il im\iil ntivtinii nf thf ItriliKh, liiit yii-lil niitliiti^' tin- fxputtiiliiin, 1 1. Ill (he iiiltiiKl nt' 'IViiiiilnii tlifrr in ii liikc nl aHpliultiini dr ilrli. ti'cl l>y H|iriiii.'i(, Hint tlirr" milrit iiii'innil Wi.rl.l i^ braulifiillv MttiMlnJ . .-..Inrf '.•. Ih.w ..-to .omli. niK.vr till- H.-,i, ill iiir .■.■ntrr nf u .l.-liyliitdl viiji.-v. imlM,...i,i. 1. Tlie Wt'st Iiuliii isliiiids are unied for the »-"/. '*'■ '''""..r::" iT''"' T .","i 'r''"Tr/i^-..^'* 'l''l'"'','lV..'"; l„-H..\rn,liH.aiUit.illiik.M aii.l ^kllt.•.|nn tin .«mlli l.> Inltj ! ,.„.|j trojurill I)nMilH*e Willi w liicli, lor I W O fell- : ,n„l ,i,i.„w» ..ill ii» ...n.iki. i,'.„n n »ninniii .„v..,.,..i will, .'t..,- , tunes. they lllive Slipi.lied ll.f fiv lh/.-(l \M.I Id. I I ^^^,^^^ ^^^^ , ,,^ _.^^^ „.^^^ 1^^^^^, ^^ ^,_.^.^^,,,_. ,,^,_,^^j ,_,. f_._.,.|^ iiul «ii.iw. Till' ritv i»i-.'^'iiliiily lii nil in »pii<.i.,iiK«.i,iiiri'», iiiiil i« mlinn.'il liy fi,,iiiliiiii<, iiiii;;iii. . .'ill iliiiiilii", nnil nth- fir .pl.'iiili.l .'iliti. '.'.*. ! /..( I'lii-'ilii. HI, ,i,ili.!i ..^ r, ..I' M..xii.|,. tl,(. «i'..|i,iil .'ity in piip,, /-. lull. .11 Iin.l w.'iiltl,. IN ..,.t,,.-l\ Sni.,,i»l,. iili.l U niitr.t t'..r itn mil* 1\ I.r, t,.,„i. ,,'.'. I ..h.,nl,.'s , Huitilnln.Ktiii il-wu .1,1 In l,,i ,'iii. ;l,ll, ,'iiil..H .NAV. i.i M..xi... till- Hi., (iinn.li' .!.■ .-inntiiii;.., in tin' tliiril .'its i.t tl,.. ii'j.iilil,.' : nil. I ( Itijiiin im ,1 lin' km. -'nil tnil.'N H.|.'. .it' Sl..xi.'.i. inhi.l.it.'.l by ,L ,ii,,nt'r.ii,M ,niil in.jiiiitniiini lii.liun pi.piilnti.ni, in tlii' l.tni'tli. Illlll iiini'i'ii lawn ,1,1 hwii' l.ii. KO inil.'H. I, ml /•inlli-'riif, ;i:iO \ niil.n N.W. i.l .Mi.xi.-.i, nru in llm I'l'iiti'i- nl' llm rirlii'st nilvcr will tlinii nil till' iitlirr W. Imlia i.'laniU put tii^ctlirr. 'J. In li::l7 till' i.\p.i,tK w.-i.' vnln.'il nl fJO.OIHI.IMIU. Ili'iir- (111. ' tllini iif which wrllt til l)ir l'. Stati'H of Ani.'li.'a. ;i. Till' t.ihnr..,! ..I' (',,Ik,. h'..,,, which tl,.' Spaniali cijinra arc iiiinii'. i.s ....l..|.iii...l tl,.' 1111...^! in th.. wuilil. )Iav \n'a, i1,«. (.npitiil i.t'i'iil'i,, with 11 .1. ...).. Hpin.i.init, anil well- f.n'tilU'.l hnrln.r. c,i,.rit.H i),i luii tl,i,'ilH nt the t.(.,i,,i,cn.L' nl tli.i inliin.l. Miit'in'Z'iH. i!u n,il..K K. ..I Hn\„„i,. im.l Si. Jiitso (\ii'- ,.'..1. 1,11 ll,.' .'^■l*^ Hi.h' ..t the iMlnn.l. art- iiUi. i,,ii.iirtiilit n.irti. ; aial 'I'niiri/,,-. in th.' la'ai't ..I tli.- iihinil, tliuuiih ll liilty. ill-built town, in 11. 'Nt t(. Ilnviinu i,, |...|.i,li,tl..„. Si. .1.i,,v, ll,.. ci,|.iii,l ..I l'..rti. Hi..,, in tl,.' lari;.'ii. .• liliiuntniil ranflcn "" "a' ilinl .■"inincrcc nl llic i»l,u„l tr,... ot'Snn .liinn ,1.. I "..„., « tin' prin,.ipal |...rt ..! M.x,,... ,. ■;• ,.|„,|, ,„ |||,„y ,.,,,,j ,,; i,^ ,„„i ,„„m. ..j' ,|„. ,|„,,|| i^l,,,,,!,, ,.„„,„„,, .l/./Mi...((. . N In.'.'llt. .St I ill ill M 111 ' 0' ' ',' ' ' j:,,,,,. , ,,,,, ..iiiim in.'tiili. arc iliielly exiK.iteil, laiiia nearcsl to tlie ri.li iiii- ko), Dnliillilea (,l.nii-i-ii.-ka). (.iiailiiliiil| . uMii-il.i-loop), iJiiL' .liHtri.ts. .M.iiilKcmil. illlll St. Kill'" ai-i viili'iina. l.-llllill^ ami „i .M. lUMi. iii«i' wim v. mi »T. noMivw). Ar,i/ii(li;>, Iwi mili'ii S. .,f M..xii..., has nn.' nl' tl,.' lincft l,ar. \in....,ii niiil (inailal.nipc il.':.tn,ctivc crnptionn liav.' .icciir- j i|,iyi|_ „|||. .i|' tjie riii.'>t islnnils in Ilic w.irlJ, f 'inii'rly hi.rs in III., w.irl.l.l.iit ll,.' Kiliiiilinn i» iinlieallliy. Swi ///./.(. at ,.,.,1 within the presi'iil ..'litiirv. heliiii'.'.'.l In Knilic niiil Spain, aiul the wi'Hti'rli hull'. llliihT Ihi' iinnilli .,rth,. SnnliiiL'ii. 1 .!/.( :.(//.(« an.l I ni,i'/m,is. ,m tl"' ,| -pi,,. , Uniiil... t..n,p>',i'il liv the inniilitain air anil .".'a i..,.,,,,,.',. j,, i;.;., ,.,|Hi,.|eil >uj»i-, ciiH'.'.', '.nil iilll.r tiiipical "■,"," '»'. I'lirlli.'r iinrtli. linvc es..ell..,.l liurl.n,. a,,,l (.n„«,. e,'^ Inccz.'s i* .l.'lijlhll'ill .liirini; 111.' f;r,'al..r pari nl' th.- year; .,,,„|,„.;. ,„ ,1,,. valiie nl' *'J.',.0I1U,0UI), {.'ivini; >iiinh.vin.'llt tn able cnnnner,..'. M..,,l,..y. in .Ne« u ilnrina. i, ., en v,j.lt.'.l ,„ ;„ „„„„„„^ |n„.,.ic„„.... are solneli.in's ae,l,-,H.liv.'. . I,,,, ,,,| ,, ,„„, .,„,„„„ ,,.,„„.„, ^ ^ I ■ ^:-::^'r::;ir:^l:"XtZ;.u':(\^'^^^^ , ■>■ Tli.'.l.i...'pr.nl,n.|i,i,i,„n.l..x,«„.,s,n. .ar,nin,.,i,.i. ; ,. „; ^,„ „,..■„,.„,,„.. ,„ ,hi. Krenil, par, of thi' i.hiiiil man I'athiilic iiiiH«i.iiiarie«. i,i«.es. ..ill...', tiihii.e.,. allspie.'. oniii;;i's. pineapples, .iiHl.itl- ,,,„, „„„i|„t |||,.i,. niilsl.'ri, I'xpellcil ihen, h-,n,i till' ikIiiihI, jlfo-„/.(. on an ari.l plain. '-'1 inil.'H Ih.ni Sixil. its jHirt. near the .'r liiMiniH hulls. The .lii.'t ilnport.s ari' llniir, li» l, heel, m,,! |',,n,|,.,| „„ in.lepeiiilcnt (.'.i\.'r,,l,,e„t. which is iioinilial- N.W, point utlhepeninmila, is th.' .npilnl of Yncalin,. in.ik. liiiiil,..r, iinil hnrscs I'liini Ninlh Aliieiieil, illul inullll- |y vcpiihlii'iiii. hill r.'iilly a inililaiy lh^pnliMll. , , , fuiliireil i;i,.hIk hnlii l'.„,,,p.'. I";), [ll UI-J'J the iiei-'rn.'.s ilii.M' the Spaniiii.ls from the east mni::.:S"T!i r:r;^Ii;;i.':inI;;';;;:;;i:;i;;ha.,in,,V:^i,'r pniitin-n^'; *•■ t"""''*"' <:">' ■■'''• .- 'r""^ ,t rr ''"'"'"'^ "'"" i""-' "f ""• ''''""i- '""' "' '''•■' "■'>"' "*"■ ' • ■> '"""■" t Whiiii..tlii. Majiiev|i'ii„t. „iiilwhyi'.,li,vni...|. .'.. Wl...t i- ih.. . ...h- f,iiiii any "lln'r c.i„„l,y m llin worhl .,1 the siiiiie ixtent, ,|,.,||.lv f iii.noil.iMlll for lukn.iw h'lk'inc her ii„l.'p..„.l.',,ce. I ll nn.l it« „-.. I .;. '.I..iil..-t,.. i.Minii.ls. 7. ..xperla . H. iiinmiin, tun - I wealth. Illlll population. j .(. ''I'lic iiilillial I'xp.iits i„T ,,i.w onlv .f l.llllll.tlllO, anil tllO I '.1. HA.i/,r,i»i/,. v,..,r»m..nM».h.r.. l,...'! I tmvr l-'JI I II,. Illuil kiiiil of 7 .Snnin was i;irii,i',lv solo own.T of lliese islanils. Imt |1,.|,| t,, Kniiiei' wii"!.- heavilv nil llie'i-.'veniie. \ m;"""!;':'! !''' 1" 'lTow'iV,1;l'V..>mll.'.li.'m':'h.^-I'l ^'l rwii'.i .V,','C »"<-■' "'■ 'l"-"' "'■"• \'<>'ii' '»"■'• "■'■•"•••'l ''''"» ^'»- '-.v i:"!.:!^""! I s. Havti si.ppii.'s th.' \. < ..f Ai.i,.ric„ with ^lall.>^■any. 1 ti/i. , n Mnlnll., 1 n /..nil.,. ' « 1 r. ..I. I 1 1 Whirl, |..irt ..1 ili.. . ..iiiary anil Kiam-.'. The Inllowin;; lilhl.' show.s Ihi- extent, poim- j ^.^^^.^ ^^^ 1,^,^^^^,^, ^11 1,1^, ^,„,„_, „f ^ ,,^,,. 1,,,^. „„ „,^, „.,.,i ,|,|o 1 ,. nn.M ,».|.iinii,l 1... rhi.rii. h r .it III., lii.liiin- 1 I.;. II. lu I IT. hili anil In'esi'lit iiw iier ol the prill.. ipiil islaii.ls: of the islnnil. ('./;• /A/v7»./i,nn the nnili, eni'ist, near the N.W. 1 Wh..t,.,nl«h,T,. ,Ml...i..u.,,ini.l..irli..l,.l..i 1-. \Mml,iu,l where i« ,.„,„,„ j „ ,,.. ,. ,„,.„. „>.,..,. ,.,,,1 „r ,1,.. islnn.l nnil '...!....» . ••-. . . .. I II...... J ..........1.. „f tl..> GUATIMALA. ..iiinnri. niil.'". '.liO.IKHl — r..|..ili.n..ii. .,',i««Vli«,.— P..].. tn »i|. ni.. 10. 1. This cminlry is noted tor its niiiiiei'oiis voh'iinocs illlll tt'ii'ilic i'iirthi|ii:ikt's. 'i. (iiialii,,Ml,i (L'wii-le-iiiii -la) was a cnlniiy of Spain iiiilil IR'JI, wh.'ii it (l.'.'lare.l il.self an iii.l.'p..iiih.iil rcpiililie. :t 1,1 <.lii,iat.>, prinliiitioiis. I'l'hL'inn. cliariu'ler, lu'ts. anil instilntiniis, tiiialiniala resi'iiihlcs .Mcxicn. 1. Ahoiit one linirlh of the inliilhilalils aie whit.'S of Spiili- isli origin ', ..ne lliiril. In.lians; ail I tli.' r..~t. .Mi'sli/ues. fi. Till' ^.'r.'iit.'r part of th.' population is in the cluviiti'il mo liitiiin viiUcvs in thi N.W. I I'l .rtt) Itiro , , . . . . 4.1111 :i;.viiiHi Mlll.nilll In Iliiyti . . '..H.IHIll lepi'liilent. .h.iiniii.n . . . . . . l'..ltNI ;i.sn.inio (1. hritiiin. 'Hie llnlinlnii.^. . . . . .'1..VHI IH.7I ' Tnni.liul . . . . . . l.nnii 4;i.i;7'. l-.HI.IHKl .. Ilnrl.il.loi.s . . . . . Kill .-.^I. Kilt's . . . . 711 'il.lil'-' .\iitii;iin . . a;i :i:i.7.,'ii Il,enii.ln . , . . . . mil '-';i.r.l-.' lliiniinii.n . . . . . . 'Jll iH.:t7.". " f^t. I.iiriii . . . . . . 'J.,'.'. i.V:|.jn " .■^t. yiiirent . . . . . 1:11 •,'il.."i:i;l " Nivi» .... . . 'JO '••j.".ii " Mimtsi.rrnt . . . . 17 ;.ii', " ■riil.ni; nil i:i.a.-'i '. .^t. 'rintians . . . . . Ill .^.IMHl 11 .n,,inrk. .'^i.nt.i I'mz . . . . IIHI ;ti lMinih.li)il|.e . , . . I'.T.'i I-JT.IHN, IrHiice. MHrtillivo ;i70 n,i.iKiii tJtn:slioii!'.~\. W'lint tii.linn- 1 e n\v,i,.,l llfiyti* exi-orts of tllii Kreiuh piirt ill I7S..1 1 ■,'. Wlint 1 v.iit ihi iirr. .1 in IT'.H I :i, in Is.,".' 1 in le..'.'if 4. ores, lit v.d.i.. nf ..\p..rt.' • .V W Inr.. .hi... llnyti i>i ml niii- hi.^i.liy I Wlnr.. i.- I'.irt ml Prime I I'lipe Mnylii 11 1 \e. •lA^I MCA. 1, ,Tamaieii is the hiriiest anil most valilalili' of the Iliit isll \V. Imlia islanils. , 'J. The principal towns ami pliiiitiilioiis iirc mi the south siilc of the islainl, on rich |>liiM,», which exleinl linm the .shiiriT to the iiml ..f ih.' lin.iiMluliis. A'l'iir*'"". the largest town in the British W. Inilies, is on n spa.'iniis unii ennveni.'lit rnil.lstea.l in the S.K. i^iir.t..ii I fit i m li 10 10 10 Jlo^ ^% ^^«7/.7^/'5 S^'^'/'.s^'y/i .^:_.jio 1 1.1V ,'»l' J(upii;nt'u(iir;i YJbarir'fj ^ v.- ^5';i; <\x. "nisro / A/ i)A .¥>. - . u Jt/aalttns Y /j •* >« *ii?^ ivknsr A tV T .■^CmssvrhiiHtCtillru- ViUiiiu/s MJ'aiii/irn'^, ouUoa I >*: l.dfAIISi'iiils VtriurlliiK I'dilitlran" . ' t?7H.ori'arniMt;iia I'nitnhirn'h •* ..5nn.Tiiiiii TI^J* iTff til iJt- Si" Viilii.ir;riH()Lj''Vb'6,'r^ X f , =g=£==^'Iti;mri^""t""'g ^gaa^s^'; - — - "? -^ >i^" «»Ti!\iiii:(i) > as -JS^Gf ''. ^'io/^M ^ '""lie. ""/-., 'flf.-v ~~ i= =ZI3^ f^S ~r r ' =::::^=P rnin^tihi fif'r^^ ^^^^-''y,: \''-"'i'""^ H^^l^'" CcifTfiiii(lii«l- ^' *- ^ SOUTH AMERICA SrjilPofMnpE j'ai' S*--'<'li;ill ■*«^, J7 i.\ „ . ^^. -L,cit ffiMiniul y:i^ AtH *ijmhl+'rTne— <\^ KnlMa»jiUsl.ijnl.< / ,,^ /. -V-- i..iii'iiiii.i.' I ;{«■.»! ^■ii>>' ^,.,„u,.i:^ "■'"■'.•.. .Iforn ^-f -'^— ;-" 30 10 jO I I r.oimiliidi'KiisI ,'t rrniiii VVasliineii IT .'. V / SOUTH AMERICA, Hll A Z I L, AND PATAGONIA. 10 111 •JO 30 10 jO ^ \ QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAP. SOI Til AMKRICA.-Whnt hrlimn.s i-niincrts Xuttli niiil Smitli AiiiiTicii ? Dn. W'liiit srii waslns tin- nnrilii'tii cmist / Cii. Wtiiir (K-cjin nil t)ii> N.K. iirid S.IC. .' Whnt ix'riiii iMi llit; W. .' W'i'tit rnjH- lit tlir .soiitiicni rxtninity ? iit i\\v i^ryxii buinl ol til'- ciisr.'rii cnnst / iit tlic north rxlrcinity f 1 17/'// /v thi' aiiHinl ioursr >>J' tin- roiisf riiiiii riijn^ (JiillinnH to r(i|M> St. 11(11(111' ? riiiiii cupu rit. l()M|iii' ti) niiM' llnrii / tVoin rape Hnni to tlif imriillrl ut" IH ' N. liili|ii, nil tlif Atliiiitic ? What six, on ihf I'licitic ^ Whatnnc in tlif interior/ Py. 117/^/ coii/ifrf/ (if tin- suiiili fxtrcmity? cnut fxtrt'iiiitv ? X.W. extremity ? Wliirh i.s tin- liir^'t'st i-nuntrv ! In win.t z„no is 11... unvat.r part .jfS. Am.-rira ? Whnt r..un- , ZJfu nVo,^,. and I.utiWi Voriers m S. Ammm. trii's wimlly or I'liirlly ni lln' *'HTt(l zniir .' v\ hut cnunlru'H ni i till- ti'iiipi-rjilc z(iiH> ! \\'/)(/f fii/i/rin rnissnl by (In- fi|uiit(ir ! ' Vt. Tho i'linipjw nro covorod in many pail.-j witli va.-il liunis What niMiiiitiiins nni iiloii;^ tUv wmt const rtiun ni;..- Horn to of w ilii liorM-.s. ciittli-. antt shci'p, wiiirli ai'o oltcu hiinli'il D.irii'n / W'hiil moinilains, aioiiu' tin- etist <-o;ist ot' IJiazil .' .,,|,i ^Imi'litoriMl incirlv I'nr their hides Whirl, is the hii-L-est river in S Aaieriea .' An : next ! Va. : ' ,; /'j-,,,: |i,.,,lsrMen ol" the I'mnna.s live nn liorselmrk, an.l noxt.' (>o i-ro.n wli.t two eo-mlr.es doe., the Onnoeo rere.ve , .,,,,,,,1^. ,„,„,,, ,,-i„, ,, i„,„^ ', ,,,„,„., „, „,„„„ jj^j,.. Its TV'.itfiM .' I' loni whiir tour, (he AiiiJi/oa ' !■ min whiit live, f ,• S .. . . ' ,. . ' ,- . , Kin de la l>hitn / Jn .-hot Int.t.nU. the i, th of the Anui/.on .' , "V V"nls Ion-, tormed at one end into a iioos.-. wha-h ihey nioiith ofthr Oi-inoeo I numth nfthe ii lo de In Phita .' : *'"''"'^' '" " r'*''" «M-'t"iiif, uilli unerring' ann. over the heiuj What -iilf wiishes the n.prlh side of the iMhime* of Diirien } \ "I '■"' '^vdd horse, hull, or (Klneli, and liiihlenintr it with \\'liat hii\, the south side '. What l-uH in the .\,W. part of . u sinlden Jerk, ea-^t hiin tu the ^'lunial, or ^'.tlloi) utl' with \'eliezie'iti I Wliai hove island at the S. ex t remit y of S, Anier ' him at pleasini'. iea .' Wlmt strnit sep;irates Terra del Kne^'o I'miii the main 1:iimU What i'^hnids ahoiit :!nM miles N.K. of eapu Horn?; l ,-^-^ *„ What ishi.i.ls .'.no miles W. of Chili I What Himuitaiiis separiite Chili iVoia Uaeiios Ayres ? Whnt ' di'sevi, I'eru trom (Ihili ' What riveis. I'aruL'iiav I'roni Bui;nofl i AM-es l Wiiat lak.' on the horder ol I'era and iViiivia .' "What Iworiversimite tolorinthe l.a I'lata / I y..l'a. Whirh is llie |iriuiipji! hnnirh oltlie I'aramt '. \*y. Whieh an- the three ; ureiit westi-rn branches nlliie I'araL'uil) and I'araiia .' I'o.. \'o., ! So. ]\'u,n i^tht--<,>iin; x}U\\r 1 rn.'iiay i ot the i'anina '. of the ; I'arauMiay '. of {\w riltonia\o. Xerniejo, unit SJahtdu ? lluw far i can sloops a^-end the I'.iraL'uay ? | What two rivers unite iti form the Amnzon ? v1".«. The Tan- cara::na, or Marnnon, an;l the I cayale, or I'aro. What three: hrimehes. raeli more than .M) miles loiiu,' (reiul t'nim the map), i does tliM Amazon n ive frnin the north .' To., Va., ND. What six. each more ihim inn miles lom:. honi the south I \ What is the face of the country I Aha. The Andes, an ini- mi>nse cbaiii of li)lty ninantains. runs frnni cape Horn to the! isthmus of Darien, altiau' the whole west reast. at a distance va r\ in--' tidui .'ill to inn niiles. In Holivia, I'eru. and fiuthi'r north, I tlie chain consists of parallel laitiJi'H, hrtweeii which are table- I lands, elev;ited several thousand f^el alu.vi' the sea. The Bra- 1 zilian .\ndes run aloii- th<' eastern i-oast Ummx in to ;(ii' S. hit. \ Hetwicn these two mouiilain raiiLres. from \*ene/,uela to I'ata- i uoina. are innnense plams. well wooliti'-iil eonditiy plains of the Inlei'ior, (J. There are ri(di L'"id mines iti several places; and a fa- ' mows dianuind district on the head-waters td" St. rnna-iso .Jim^ ^.j^ \>. Amojii: the (piadnipeds are, the ,\^ "i if/iiiii. rescinbliiiL' till- ( ainel, but stnall- i\ iho ///////■, an iiiotlensivt' animal. 7. About a fourth part id" the inhabil.ints are whiles; a tenth. Indians, and the rest chielly iiei.'roes and imdaltoes. ;>. The popiilution is .-ilmosl eontlned to a narrow strip uloni: the coast, und to the mitdiiL' di.-tricl.- in the interior. The re eliietly unbroken Inrol or liiassy plain, inhubited only bv Indians. !>. Brazil was fonnerly a colony of rortiii.'al. but for more than '-JO years it ha.s been iiith-pi'iiilent. table lauds of the Ande;., th.' temperature is ikdiL-litful. ! i "'nior. What remarkidile fact respeetimr the rivers ot S. America ? ''"'r'' "■'* " '■"^^■. wliicli lives on ^'lass, and w hen distnrbed /I//1. No lar-'c rivers enter the I'acilic, tin- And.'s forniini.' an lakes to the river, where it walks on the licdtmn ; l\u\iapH- unbroken harrier alonu' the whole wi st coast. The Braziliiiii ; ar, t)V S. Ainerirun li::er ; the s/o/h. the nio^t >lnL':.'I-.b of all Andes funa a similar barrier in th.! east lium 10 to ;(U^ C;. lat. j animals; and the ,////-, ,//rr, that lives wholly mi mils, wliich . , '^•": T , T, ., . I'' *■""•■<■'•■' I'V lliiiistini: it,s hut^', slender tonmio into their Bit A/lI. — W hat eiiiht countries border upon Hrnzil on tho ji,,!,.^ W and .\ W ' What countrv on the S.W. / What water, i on th.' N i:. and S Iv .' " 1 What L'leat river receives all the waters cif the X W. part of ; BiaziW An. WhatriviTthe waters. if the SW. part .' L.Vn. \ In wliat lalilude does th.' .Vniaz.m enter the sea ! In w hat lati- \ tilde, the I, a I Mat a I What iireal river licsides the Amazon emp- ■ 1ie> uuder the e.piator? I'a. What river skirts the west toot cpf ihi' Brazilian Andes lor Hino miles. im(in niilcs , largii Kliip>. ascend 'J 100. inal st.uonhoats to the toot of the Andes. " What is the capital ot Brazil ' How is H io .jaiieire situated ? ^- =-=^ — -li— -. - rr-'ir t- '■ i r» t .i ■• i • n i i. ■• ■ i it.|..Mml„,iu„f I„«i,„t/..m,.i,,t' I„wlM„,.,rlnl,l„.z,m..?, /„,,„. "' si..,,,. '.,..,„„.r. I Rin jANKIIi... ll.- nipitM . H I. wrll-l,,,,]! rity. IM M l...,nll- Whiit i..wMs„r],],.iviliiih r.ci.diii) iiiliiii.iii.iMs.iii ilirci.asi. Ill-; „ ,,., , • .•^. . • • „ , , , ti'l <'""iiiiv. "iiii i' I""' l''"ii"i- •iii'i '■'^"■"'i^i' '■""""'■■■•■'■. lw,-.i, lliu.liiiu'Ln.i, Indian.", lie- S.ni .•^iil'r.i.h.r. ii'r ll.ih i,i. in llii' lilcMl |iu|iii1ciiis iiMil lul- }.'nli'S. liii'sliziii-.s. Miiil.'iniM'.i (I ,<;nilliipc<. ; livnli^il |iiirt cil' Hiiizli. uii -.i Hue liiirlidr. in tin' liiiv iif All SOUTH AMERICA. ■ lU; Tli.> whit.s m- .hirllv uf S|iMiii»h oiifiin, rxi-.^iil iij Saiiils, is Ihf liviil III' Kin in ciiiiii ■.•.• iiml ii(.|inl,iliiin. Pcinnri- iMili>.,7,l|-,'i((i.-i',,|,ul.,li.iii, l.V-'l(MK)i).-I'u]i. tuKi. 111., ". Hi'i'zil. uliiili wiis .srlllril liv llii' I'.ii I n:;nc'M>. ami in (iiiia- P.rniim!.,, i:,. Mnr.iiih.ini . and I'.ini ai-c also iiii|iiM-laiit , ■ 1 1 ■ nil. uliric lliiar arr a li'i» i:a;;li-ii, Dillili. anil I'n'Hill. (■(inilni'li iai tciwiis. .-O. Ciitl,, riii.- ,St. (' — i' i-laliil. S. 1. Siilltll AnieriCll Inislliriror rivcrs.ll "rrclltl'r H. Tin' Inilians.unii' llir s^lr |iii.Hr,snisiirilii'iiinli it. i,r Itin .lamain. is llir rrsiilinir 111 many n-Pri'il iiirnlianls. ('Xtl'lllol'triipil'lll vccri'l;iti()ll.|;lr"('rlu'r(lsil|'usi'- "'''.'' ""'"'"'''' ■""' ''"slavi'il n-nluiii's ii).'ii ill I 111' pails nr- ;,',■„ a,;iii,l,\ nil llli' roilsl, liiithi-i- .siinlli, i> rallliills I'nr lliiirs, ,. I I 1 ■ r ■•'" ' . ' ■ i'n|iir(l liv llii- Spaliiarcls, lull liii'v Hiill ri'tiiili ijii'ir iliili'- whicli arc laii;i'lv I'vpnrlril, till llllllllllls. IIIUI richer IIUIICS ol |UVCIOUS limiei- p,.,„|,.,„.,. ii, l'a,a^i,nia, ami m. Ilir lippiT wal.Ts nl'llir Am- '/V,„' tlir rapilal i.l' llf iliamnml ill-lri,t ; V,//„ Ilin,. ills tilllU liny (lllier ffreilt division of the eiirtil. »"<"■ Imlian slaviTV is nuw imiviasally almlislinl. m.ar 'piia iniiii's. liirmiTlv ■■-li'r il llii' lii lirsl in tin- wniM; " Till' Vliil'i's piv^iait II 111 I'MiiruTiil alipi-innri' In llii' ''-'' '\' 'I"' '"'f;!"""!^' "I' ll'is 'I'litiiry nil tin' S.iiilli AliiiT- ami r/c/'Win, in a liatilr inuliliN . linUil also I'm- j;hIi1 liiini's, Vdva-n- nil llir I'arili,-. Ill,, siinw, wliiili cinu'iis its li.llv 'V"" ■"'•".'T "'.""' -^"."'.i''''' , ';' l;!"'"!"'''" Imli""^! l"ll illllili|.; ar,. in l|„. iiilrii.ir. Kiiiniiiits I'.iiiii-isliii.r i iHnIIv Willi iIm. ,l..,.ii 1,1 liln. • "' ' 1 1' M 1 1 ilcs ill ,Sp 1111 ii I I'l ill n;;al . I lii'U' II ill ilili'S 1 lii'i'sv i)ll , ^ ,. , ,-. , .. „ .| .1, .,,1-1 . I,-. hiiliimiis, ( .iiiiiusiinu III .inliliillN \\ illi Hit- ili-rp liMic iil lln' ,j .. i, i i ■' j i i , Qnr.i/t.111.1. — 1. Fur wlitit is Bnizii iimIimI ' '^. \\ liat ciiltiva sk\ lii'Viiml, while iiriMsi. liv aiinlliiT riilltiasi is cvliiliil- "",.; U' ''l"' "'.••'•.'l";' "'"H'l "'• ti-il Tinulinlinns .' ;l. pimlui lions ulllir luivsl .' 1. \vil,l iininials .' nl ill va.sl vnliiinivs III' smnkr mill linTniiltr.H'i-mn some of l<- '^iniv Ihrii in. .■pi-iiiliaii i-, llir S|ianis 1 priiviiirrs.iift.T .-, „„.|„| ,n,ini,ils ' 1;. niinrnils .' 7. How is lli,- pii| linn ils liiliu rinv III' Mili-aliiii's, I llliirli iiiiiloiillnn anil iliMs , Innr Iniiiioil tlioinsi-lvrs iiilii ,.\„nac.i '. H. Wlui-o is llio |,o|iiil.itioii ' '.'. politU-ul lomliliou! ;j. Tho oilios lioar tho voli-alliios iiftoii siiIUt IViilii carlli. !'";. '■'.■/'"'''':','; ','' \ '■"••""■la. N>» (iianaila, Kiinailiir, roni, Where, uml lur what iiotoil, llio.lanoiio ! .Vo. (inakos, auil llio liniisos in tlioso ilistriits ,110 ijoiiorallv liilill '',''.'*"'■* l""' "">■""» )>i'''N i"r""i.v. anil I'aiaiiiiay. ISrii-^ low In priiloit tlioiii Iriiiii this ilaiP'or ' "' '" " '"'"''''I mi'H'i'rli 11. iimlor a snvoroi^'li slyloil l.iiipor- .|. In llioo l.losiiavorso.llnlli.i .\,i,|os fii..h!r,il p.-c- '"'• lll"'""l.v '-nh.ni.,, loll aio llio small iiiios iil' tho Kli^'- ipioos, vawiiin- ilrLins ,1 r,„i,ias tnrionts .Miitiiniallv '"■','■,",','.','■''•,',""' ' ■''"■ i' "1 (•■"'"mi. ., . , n-iiss Iho palh III' tho tiaM-lor, wli.i .all iiiako his way iiiilv ', '■ , ''"' '""'"I ' '" '"!"' n-liLMiiii piovails m tho pirts i,o,l |,v savauo Ihilians, so nf wh.nii aio romarkaiao I'nr .111 Iholiiuksiil'iiinlosiir liiiliaiis; ami .il'loii l,v r,ip..|iri.h''. ■■"''"'''' ''.^' '.'"' ^|',""Hr.ls, I'.Mtn-il.'s... aii.l Iroiioh, anil lln' ,|,oi,- :.i:-aiit OS. .iv,.r whi.'li ho pas.s,.s ill a lia.skot i.r hamni-.ok. iiia,!.' tu ' ''""■"'■"" '» ••"J.'lf'li I ""••■li l) miles apart. Hctween the riilu'cs are ta ble-lands, elevated fnan i»Ui)0 to lH.tXii) fcf( almve the sea. On both sides of the mountains the country is low and level. VVAW.— nitaf counfrii on the N. ? on the E. 7 on the S.E. 7 ^ What water on tlie S.W. and W. 7 Wliat is the face of the country? Ans. Alone; the coast is a low, .sandy, barren plain, from ;iO to 100 mili-s wide. Theti comes the Andes, in jiaiallel ridi:es. between which are liieli table- lamLs. East (jf tin; Andes is the irreat plaiu of tlie Amazon. What L^reat river receives all the waters which fall in Pern, east of the Andes ? Xaine some of the itriucijial tributaries uf the Amazon from Peru. What is tiie capital of Pent 7 What port on the coast near- est Lima.' Wliieh way fnjin Lima is Cusco .' /'* irliut part cj Peru is Arequipa? Huaueavelica / GuannuiL'a ? Truxillo ? nOLlVTA.— Tn/,j^rn»»/r//ontheX.? E.7 S. 7 W. ? What water on the SAV. 7 What desert alonu' the shore of the Pa citie \ What lake on the bor4ler of Peru .' What is the face of the cnnntrv? Ans. The Andes runs in n continued line frtun Chili throuL'li the western jiart of Itolivia into Peru. Near lat. ~0 f?. a branch passes to the <'ast uf lake Titicaca, where it throws up the lnftii'st summits on the Amer ican continent. The country around these lofty summits for a yreat distance is a very elevated table land. Whfif erruf rirrr liniins the northern part of Rolivia? the Boutheni part i Which is the hif^hest mountain in America ' What is its height ? What is the capital of Rolivia ? Where is Potosi ? La Pa:s 7 Cochabamba? What jnirt has Hulivia .' CHILL— What coniitry on the N. 7 E. ? S.E.? WImt water on the W. ? What mountains on the eastern border ? What island at the south extremity I What islamis -100 miles W. uf A i'h'araiso 7 \Vhat is the capital ? What port nearest tlu' capital ? What townof lO.ODU inhabitants X. of \alparaiso ? What one. south .' What is the face olthe cnuntry ! Ans. The Andes ninsakmi,' the eastern border, throwiiiL' u\t numerous lofty summits, 11 of which are voleanocs in a state ut c-ujistaiit eru|ition. The coun- try below the Andes is enniposed to a ereat extent of valleys. Kunuunded h^ hiLrli rid::es, impassable except by mules or lui fuot. BT;EX0.« AYIlEri.- What country on the X. 7 What three countries on tin' K. ! ^VIlat water on the S.IC. ? coinilry un the tS. f on the \\'. .' What ri\er .separates it from IruLnniv 7 What is the capital ? Where is Ituenos Ayres 7 Cornentes? Mendoza ? San.lnan ' Salla I Tueuman .' Cordova? Santa Ke ? What is the face rtf the cniiiitry ? Ans. Immense plains, call- ed pampas, covered with L-rass, like the prairies of N. Ann^rica. orcuiiy nearly the whole country except a nigired dihtriet alunu the foot of the Andes. PARAGT'AY.— ^Vhat country on the X. and E.7 What iviantrv on the S. and W ' Wliat river/>rm-; Me iHtun-Uirii on the E.'and S, 7 What river.on the W. .' How far is the Para- ^'uay naviizable fipr sliMjps ? lu w hut zone or zones is ParaL'uay ' What is the ta.e uf the about lOUO leet above the iuiitr\ '. Ans. Level, and elevated URt'Gt'AY.— What country on the X. and X E.? water on the S. f country on the W. and S\V. ,' What river sc/jtira/en it from Ihtenon A^res oti the W. ' What river, on tlie S.W. 7 42 Mvst from 3 \\aNhhi^i}iL 'M \ Tflasl titiiii Washtnui..! GUIANA, VENEZUELA, NEW GRANADA, E Q U A D O R, PERU, BOLIVIA, CHILI, &c. 43 IQi ff\hft GUIANA. Pqunn- m\\v^. irfl.IlOO— I'l.puiiition, -Jr-IMHM).— Pop. In fx], in., 2. 1. CIuiiuKi (i;he-u'-ii;i) is now the only ronn- try ill t^. Anierir:i under Ennt|)e;ni contivt!. 'J. Till' rliniilc iiiitl itnidiK'tidiis iirc similiir Ut those uf lln' \\r>\ Iiidiis. (.'ntluu, augur, udcou, cuttun, mid iiidijio !ire I III' sliiplcs. 'i. Tin- |»l;iriialionH aro (^liicrty iirm* tlio coiiHl, the iritenor hciii;; hrhl liv iii(h>[i. What eoloiiics iiirluiicd in KuL'lish Guiiuia .' cupitaW li. What other naiiif tur Dutrh (iiiiana / capital / 7. What other ninne for French (juiana ! caiiital ? VENEZUELA. Hquiiro milcH, I'^VKKI,— INipuliitidii, ],i)()(l,iM)().— I'Dp. to tx]. m., ',>. 1. Venezuelii (ven-e-z\vu'-|ji), lornierly the C!iptain-,irenet'!ilslii|) ()t'Cunicr;is, is noteil lor tlie rifdmess of its veu^etiihie })riciii'l>i\ on Muni- caibo lake, :iear its outlet; Vah'n'cia. on tahh'-lanil west uf Cm'uccas, and Ciimuna', on the coast east of that city. Qiiesfiona. — 1. For what is Venezuela noted? 'i. staples T What products especially excellent ? :i. How is the population classed / Where, and lor what notoil, Caraccus 1 i.c. NEW GRANADA. Stjuim mill's. 4.'.l).0(m.— i'lipiiliitiuri. I.KXUiiHl— I'op. to pq. m., 4. 1. New Griuiiuia, in the X.W. part of S. America, comprises the celel)rate(l istlinuis ol'Darien or Panama'. i}. The climate uiid productitnis liuve all the variety wliich belnuL's Imth to low and to elevated f.-rlile plains, under a tropiiul sun ; sui:ur, cotfee. cotton, and all W . India stuples rii>erdn;: well in tlu; U)w country, and Kuropean gniintt on the tulile-lands. :i. (Jold ubtmnds, and there are also mines of silver, plu- lina, eiuerulds, lend, copper, and salt. 4. 'I he falls of 'reipiendama', on the river Hogota', 15 miles from the city of Uogota', are anicnig the most wonder- ful in the world; tin' water nishinu o\er a perpemlicidar precipice, at two leaps, to the depth (dj7 1 feet. 5. The twf) hrid^'i's of Icoihhizo, over a nurn)W and ' ,^. plotiniy eha>m in the mountains, ^^^ on the" road fnun Hoijota' tty I'iipu- j van', are surprising productions of u;iture. The hii,'he.-«t is Ui feet "JJ;^ long. 40 (i-el wide. 1! fret tlliik. ■, and eiev.ited ."f-JO li-et uhove the • torrent below. (). The population, cnmpnsed of whites, civili/ed Indians, and nies- I lizocs. is settleil chietly on the l;i- . hh'-lands. IhfooTA', or Surita Ke di' lhii:nta. j the capital, is a well-huilt city on a heuMtifiil fertile jtluin, on the snmll river Hi^'oia'. elevated 0700 feet abiivi- llie H -a. Popnijan', cm the Cancii, near itj* "Onree. is the -et'.tnd et(y in [HJp- ulaticMi , I 'nrffntcf'ii'J. near the mouth of the MuL'dale'ria. is the princi|t;d port, /'or/rt Ii,//,t and Panama', on the isthmus (d Durieii, are abo noted pints. QitfHtii/uH. — 1. Fiu' whnt is New (jnuiada notiMl? 'J. eliniiite ? pnidui'tions f It. niinenils / I. cataract,' ."i. natural liridges/ t». populatiuit ' Where, and ibr wliat inttud, Bogota ? \c'. EQUADOR. Sipuire niilc^ UHO/KH).— I'diiuliUlcui, "OiMVK'.— Pop. to pq. ni., 0. 1. This cfunitry, iyinir, ns its name imi)lies, under the e(piator, is noted for the most cele- hrated summits (tfthe Andes. ■J. Chinihora'/.o, 'Jl.llU feet hit-'h, supposed till lately to he the hiirhcsl nioiintaiu in tht; woi'ld, was ascended hy lluniJHpldt in 17!»7 to the hei^dlt ol" ]9.:rhi feet, an elevation never hi'tort? at- tainerl hy inau. He tiiund thi; air intensely cold, and so thin that it was ditllcult to hreathe it. Some of thi' party hecunie liirht headed, and hlood hurst iioni their lips iiud eyes. \i. Cotupiix'i, 1H,!M«) tect liieli. is the most tri'ineiidous volcano in the world. The Hanie siunetinies rises :)iHm feet ahove the top, aiul diirinu; the eruption in lHn:i, Iluniholdt, at (Jiniyaiphl, l.'iO miles distant, heard its roar day and night like the continu- erl disi'harL'e of artillery. I, Pirhin'cha, the vtdeanic niountnin on the side fif whicli Q,uito is built, was ascended hy the French Aeudeniicians to its lop iI.'t.OiM) freti, troll) wliicli they saw tlu' clouds spread out far beneath and all anunid them, and from tiicir calm, sunny station witnessed the |»lny of tlie liLrhtnhiL', tlu' rolling' of the tluuider, and the hurstiiiu' of tlu' storm in the valleys helow. ."i. In climate, soil, prodm-ticnis, and ciianicter of the pop- ulation, Fipiiulor restnnbles New (iranada. Ql'ito (ke'to). the capital, under the ecpiattn', on the side of the vtdcanie nionntain I'icliin'cha. Jl.')l)0 iWt above the sea, sulVei-s from eartlnpiakes. but enjoys perpetual spring, w itbin sight of eleven summits of the Anr noted? 2. Whnt is said n/" Chimborazo / '3. Colopaxi ? 4. richincha/ 5. climate ? Jtc. PERU. Pquiire mile-", 4!X).OflO.— ropulatioii, l.iHWl.WO— Pop. tn sq. m.. .1. 1. Pern, once tlie seat oi'the empire ot the Incas, is noted tor its mines ot'precions ntetals. 'J. The Indians who inhabited I'et'u when coiKpiered bv I'izurro in \'>'-\~, wr-re highly civilized, and niaL'iiilicent n*- mains of llu'ir tcmi)les. causi-wuys. \-c., still exist. It. Tlie hitlfni, formed of two l()ng skin bags, blown nj) like bladders, and co\ered with a light plattbrm. is useil bv the I'enivians to load .and unload vessels ihrruigh the break- ers, which <'onslantIy dasii upon their sia)res, ami prevent the ai)proach of any ()rdinai">' boat. iiriditvn of Uy»WltHK A Vtruvinn IUHm \. In the plain ahuii,' the eua>t the lu'al is e!ant. but iirt rain <'Vi'r tiills. and thunder and liglilnim: are unknown. 5. The most noted proilncticuis are gold, silver, (piick>il- ver. and I'eruvian bark. (1. The p(t]udati(ni is settled ( hieflv on the table-lands, and much the largest jiart are Indians, the whites bein:: scarce- ly an eighth part, anil the negroi's less than a tenlh. T.iM \ (tenia), the c;ipilal. is, ne.xt to Mexico, the ino.st -plendiil city in Spanisli Americm. Ca/Zao, ils port, 7 miles distant, has a gooil harlxu', and is NtmnL'ly tiuiilied. Ciiz'rn. auctentlv the capital of ihe liic;is, or native I'e- ruvian princes, and noted tin* its splendid etlilices, particu- larly the Temple id" the Sun: lluan' ii Vrfira, noted for its rich quicksilver nniM's; Cufiiuan'fra^ and Arvffui'pa, are amtmg the cttlier chief towns. Qti,!i/iniis.~\. For wh:)t is Peru anted ^ ?. i-Iinrnrtcr nf ibe la-i-inrd iiihahiliuUs ! A. What is the Imisa ' 4 climate of the roast ■* .'.. prodtHtions ? U. Whi-re Is tlie pi.puliitinn. and of what composed f When*, and liir what noted, Lima .' Ac. BOLIVIA. S(|iinri' niilf". I'lH.Otlit.—lSii.iiliitiini, 1,.'0H,0 >0.— Pop. to pq. in., :l. 1. Hiiliv'iii. iiiiini'd so in hnimr ot" (umkmmI I5uli'v;ir. is iioled liir ilio silver mine of I'otosi'. 'J. It Wii."* iincc jL jiiirt of IN-tu. iiihI tit'tcrwui'd nl' Itiiriiiia .\yrT.<, lull since 111-,'.') lui.s li i nrj ili(lc'|ii'iiil<'lil rcimlilic. 3. Tilt! jHipuliitidii iti coiicrntnUt-il on the tiiblc-liuRl, Cni'iii'isA(:.\ (nu'U. ;j. Thi'ie are s'une iilains. 4. The air is so dry and pure, at some seasons, in the S(tntliern parts, that dead animals do not piitiety. .'). Hides and beef are largely expmicd, and nudes in L'reat numbeis are dri\en acioss the mountains to IVrn. (!. This country has had since its iiide|M'ndeiice various name.s, viz.. Vnitrd Provhifrs of S. America, United Prov- inct's of La Plata, Ar'fjviitiiic Rvimhlic. Bi'KNos Ayuks (bwu'-nos-ar'-e-rez). on the La Plata, is the capital, largest city, and coniineic'al einporinni. Miiiitn'za is near the most frefpieiiled |>ass across the An lies ; San Juan, uviw anotlii'r pass; Cur'i/ora. an active trad- ing town; and Sa/ta, famous tiu' its nmle market, Qiiration'i. — 1. Fer whnt is Buetifts Ayres noted ? ':!. poil ? oc- cnpatioiKif (he people ^ II. minerals ? 4. climate ? 5. exports ? U. names of the country ? Where. iVc, Buenos Ayres .' PARAGUAY. Sipmre mile?. Ml.OiHl.— Pupiilatiun, •J.'.C.DOi).— Pop. to pq. m.. X I. I'aragnay was tiu'nierly connected with Buenos .Ayres, ani f,a. Tobacco, sugar, iVe.. are also among the pnuluclimis ot'tlie fertilt> soil. AssiMPTiON, on the I'aragnay. is the capital. Qur'ifious. — 1. Former political coinlition of FarnLmny? pres- ent political condition/ 'J. uoven.mciit. after its independence? :t. pniductions .' soil ! Where. \.v., Assumption / URUGUAY. .«qu'.irr miles, 7.*,0l»iV— l'i.|m!ntiuu. DtMHX).— Pop. to pq. ni.. 1. 1. FrUL'uav \nus aUo tiu'iniuly connecteil wiih Buenos \vres as (uu' of the Cnilei! Provinces, but Brazil claimi'd it, anil in l!!0!>. after a bloinly struggle, it was enrted, with consent of all parties, into an iialependent stale. MovTPviPKo, the capital, on the La I'lata. lias the best harbor on tlu- river. anw,^ 1.-I'aiice' IJ iiirk ! Nurwn: ' Swi'.l.a ? lliiKW Tiii'k.'v ' lil;.,k s.'.is ' Wlmt llu.,' ,■ t.l.'M.i, lli.' .-'^AV. ( Wliul Bin. .I.'ii ? lulu wliul wiiI.t il.n's Ink.' \V,'i,'ii,'r,'iii|.|y .' hiM "lint. W»(/r.v,«^/,'.-<./7...<-.v«'/.,'"//"//'/"/''/'"7/'/f„l"« tli.'i'innilli'l u-iiir. iiii.l livi-r .livi.l,. Ir..|ii Sw,-.l,.|i ,11, tli.' \V. ! Ink,- W.l'l.i-? Wl.iit cily uli l.i.' sliii.l Inlwi'i'ii Ink,- Mm Inr nf4.V.N' hit ' i.l'iivc .V, ' h.'Uv 'll.,.i,i,nill..U,.ll.v ini.l .v, ! Wlml uT.'iil m':iui'Iiii\ s.ls.ii.li ill,' An'lii' ui'pnii ? Whnl ; ui.,1 ll..- liiillic? Wliidiisll l.nl iiv ,'i' i.l ,'~w,',ti'ii f \\ l.,'ni III wliiit zuii.' is 111,' L'l I, 'I- ii.irlul K.irup,' ! I.s iiiiv purl 111 Iwu-.i:!'* s,'l iiplrulii ll.,' Il.illii'' \\ li.it liiri;,' |M'iiiii.-.ilii i.>'lw,','ii ,1., i.il li.,- I.iru.' iiv.i.s iiuill, ,.l U.u Dul.l (.lalj !!»,; „li,l , mi ty ' tlu' l.ii'i'i.l ziMi,' ( Ih iliiv pint ill tla' luji'lliuni tViu'iil ZUIIL' f In tli,, Ulii.k s.'ii 1 sea ut Azi.l .' Wliiil t'v.i liiri.'.' liik.'H ,';i',l i.l In wl.nl z..iii'S is .'Jw,',l,'li f , ., , , wlmt p.irtufKimip,' is 11.1,11111.1 f tli,. unltut Piiikiii.l ? liil,, wiml ,lu,'s Ink,' .-ii ,iii|.ly ' Int.. \VI.;.I is 111,' In,',' ul ll..- rniliitry. rliuiiiU-, nnil soil 7 Ai,». H'<,',/.„.;«',7,w,/7;,i/-.v;,','.r.',:.r/rn,mtllfM.'.lil.'miiirniitutliP wliiit. Ink.' Lukiu'u ? U7,rt/ /,„y,, , ■„■,■.•,'«,//',.■. /n'.Hli,' I'lispiiin Nu.lli „l the uiinillul of lid' tliu .iiuntry i» iii'm-rMlly rnuuh, tliiutic ' l.'uiii 111,'' Itlii.'k .s,'ii tu 111.' Ili.lli,' ( IVuiu 111,' Itlui'k s,'ii si'ii ! lliu sen ul' Azof ! Itliiek s.'ii > L'lill'iif Himi ( Wliitii suii ! ; niuuiilii i«, Inin iiid viTy culil ; lint s,iulli ul lliiil piiriilli-1 Atlii lij tli.j •ju!l'..|'VLnii.u ! 111. 1.1 llic C.is[ii.i!iitii ll. till II lac uiciiii .' \\'l.;a ri\ui' I'l-ii'S in An..lity an I nu.ia I'l l.ii.J iulii I'ri'.asia ' ;it is u'i'iicimIIv li-. il. aiiil rL'suiiilili.'a Si i.lluuJ in I'liiuaii; ai'J suil. iii X '^'h U-r" W . v'. ^ PE I 1 ,si(I.. .,!■ TiiiKi'.v ? Kiin>)'i'iiii Itiissiii f lii: suiilIinl'Swi:- ni|'ly .' IiitiiwIiiU. IwiM'ii liiki' Ma'liir Swr.ii'i. f WliiTii 1/ imc iiiiii I iii[.ty ? c, nnil snil ? Ann, s ui'iii'riiily rouu'li. jth til' ltittt'|ittnilli'l ill ciiuiUiO ;u'J suil. EUROPE, RUSSIA IN EUROPE, SWEDEN AND NORWAY, AND DENMARK. 15 EUROPE. Bqunro miles, 3,067,140— Population, 23|i,473,'.l57.— Pop. to sq. m., 05. 1. Europe is the smallest, but most enlight- ened and powerful grand division ol' the earth. 2. I,iirf;o pm-tioiis dI' Asiii, AlVica, America, aud Aus- traliisiii lire iuUmI by Ijiriiiii-iiii piiwcrs. I!. Clirisliuiiity every where proviiiirt except in Turkey. Tlie Greek Cliunli is e»tul>liBlie(l in Uiwsiii ami Greece ; and ill tlm re.st of F'.uriipe, the niirlliern natiims are gener- ally I'rotestant, and the soutliern. (.'allielic. 4. 'I'liB nortliern halt' of i;nni|)e, except parts of Sweden and Norway, i» ini innnense plain; the southern hall' is generally mounlainmia. ' ,'j. The five mewl poweiful states are Russia, Great Brit- ain, Frjince, Auslria. and I'nissia. Tlie three most en- ligliteneil nations are tlie British, Kronch, and (iennans. rrinci)inl coiintrif^. Kupniu . . . - Norwiiv anil Sv^-eili'n lliiMii«rk (irnit nritfiin nnd Ireland I'ortiipil . - . - .'^piiin . . . . Fnnu-o . . ■ . llfKnuin . . . . llolliind . . . . Priid»iii . . . • (iennnny Austria . . ■ ■ .'>«il7.t.'r!!uul ■ lUily . . . . Turkey . . - • Greece . . . - Qrtrsfitnin. — 1. Sf]. mill-*. PopuLitioii. Pl,p. 1.. ^'IJ •-',0ll,0ll(>| 5-l,0(K).IJ0lf 'l!7 ^.■'■1,(10(1 4,;)0»,IXX) l.'i 2i.r,i.-i' s;.i,-.iMHK) 100 iiii.Tim! so.Hi;:).'.!."," aio ;t4..'illll' .'I.IIKI.IKK) !W nii.i'^i) i-.'.ii()().(ii«i o-j i^)-,M','.'> :m.i)i«h|(io Ills l'-V)li!li I.'.'IIIMXIO 3:w 11.170 '-'..IL^IHIO I S-J-J lo'i.ono 1 i,,-,ijii.iKK) j i;i7 2.17,4:iP ;1H.2(H,(XK) l.M a.vi.ooo I'l.ixxi.iHKi i:i7 IT.-.KB 1>,-'I»1,(I(X) 12* IIS.OOO 2I,Hm,l««) I lf:i,ii() lO.ofHi.iKW 10,200 1 810.1100 For what is Europe iioteil ? of BUjieriurily ? 3. reliu'ioii ? 4. fare otthe roulitr\- ? are the most powerful states ? Which, the most en (iree'lT ProtePtji,lt do. do. Catholic ilo. do. ilo. Prot<'etnnt. do. Trot, anil Catli. Catholic. I'rot. and Catli. Catholic. Moliaiiimedan. (ircck. What evidence I I :,. wiiic iu'htened RUSSIA IN EUROPE. 1. Russia, comprising large parts of Europe and Asia, is the most extensive empire on the globe connecls lake I.. — a with the (.'iilfof K — d, is the most regu. larly-Iniilt and spleiidul eapitid iu the world. Mon'roii; on llio Moskwn, the ancient ca|)ital of Uiissin, and still the chief residence of her nohles, is noted lor its eonllagnilion lui the iipproai'h of Napole-on in UU'J; for llie greatest hell in the world, now liroken. (17 li'et round, niid weighing 'JOO tons; for the Kremlin, (.'hurch of St. Uusil, and other splendid edifices of curions aiiliitectiire. Astrachau', on the Volga, near the ('as|iiaii; Udns'ia, on llie Black si'ii, leited for ils expoK of wheat ; Ri'gd. 'Hi thi3' Diina, near the gulf of Kiga; and Areliiin'^i:l,m\ the Dwina, near the While sea, are tin^ principal commercial |>orts. Croii'stiiilf, at the nioulli of tlii> Neva, is the great naval arsenal of llie cMiipire ; and Nici)Uijef, on the Bog, tlie chief naval station for the s(Mitliern seas. IIVtrnni is ji ti-nihc wliirlponl causol bv tlir- ak " " DEXMARK.— Ofwliat is Denmark roniposed? Ana. Of a peniiisiilii mill the istumis df Zcnliuni, J-'uih'm, Ac. What ic 4.coniinenv ! .-i. irovem. ' incut 1 reiiL'itai ! a St. Pr.'TKUsiiiuo. Ihe capital and largest cily, founded ,,1 Ncrway ' ii. ol ll bv Peter the (treat, on a low iilain upon the Neva, which Sim Khelin ' t famous in history for their martial exploits K). I'm ANii. formeily ihe lar^'esl kingdom in iMirope. and inhabilecl by lo. mill. 1101) souls, has b i divided since 177.T beiween Russia. Austria, and ''nissia. Uvo lliinls of Ihe population and territoiT falling' to llussia. M. The present kiugdoin of Poland is the central part ofohl Poland, and . upi vlti p.n't ol II.; lenitory. ■diiciilion ? 7 cluinieler ? H. !■ Marlstionll 10, l.ii|ilaed ! MiHiiit Jtiilit mill nil fii'ji^iifi III- Hilt .• 4. How connected with Where, ^c, ' (icniiany ? 5. L'overninenl t li. reliuion ? education > 7. surface t 1 Where.'nnd for what noted, ropenhnu-en ' ,\e.- Iceland I I HI i 4 (V?r.rncllni1pO ilHastfrnm /llWilsIMnttrnn/tt QUESTIONS AND EXEROISES ON THE MAP. ENGLAND AM) W AI.KS,— ll'A,;/ hr„,„lni„Hll„:l nrrr />'!«,■< Ini r-.m,lim in the 8.H;.! Hiill.iiiiiiL'N.K./ LiviTpcHil, inrlii'NAV. I niMu-Hn«hpl,iMtlii'S.U'. / Wlmt Hvit risfSlii'iirttinri'iiti'rdfKliuliiriil, luiilruiiriiiii;.N.I':..)i)in.stli('C)ii»i' |()nzl Id tiinii Ilii- lliim- IxT I Wliiit Kri'iiti'iHiiity isilniini'il hv tin' wiili' n'liri'iiil lirnrjrlirii iif ihu Oiisi' / 117/.// M Ihr^ Ci7»'n// .■.)«(■.«• of 1 III! 'riiniMi-n ? I'lf till' SrviTli 1 iiniiii MiTKry } W'iint collii/iri (n-nil iwni the liiilfi) hnnlrr on Hi'iilhiliil ? nil thi-'cawt rnnHt ? nn thrt English rhiinni'l f ^^■hllt »ix I'liiinlii'n in Ni.rtli Willi's .' Wliiil six. in .Snilh Wiilrs .' WliiTi! i« Iliilyhnnd f St. Diiviil'a H.nil i thi- 1 Jiiwn.i \ FhinilKiriiilL-li lliiiil ' tin' Wiish ? W'liiit is thi' ini'o iil'tlii nifi-y '( ,!;;«. [,ii\v niniuitnins I'xtiMnl lliriiiii.'lj tin' wrstini iniinties ol' Kni^liinil, IViim Ciirnwull to Ciiiiihriliinil. iiml ov(r»|iri-iiil tin' wlioli- of Wiili'i,, I'lio ivst (if Kii'-'liuiil is ii'-rri'i'iilily ilivi'rsitli'il with lii'inltiriil liills, viilos. iinil iiiiiins. In whnt pnrt of EnL'hihii iiri' tliu rtmufifn nf Ititiliuiit nnii Si'illniniltirlmul. liinion.H fiir roiil mini's ( ('iiiiilifiliitiil m\i\ HV,<^ro»,'i'/«/irf" tin' romilry of 'ii'iinlilnl hilti'S f Cuniwull, niitL'il tlir tin mini's f S/'iJimis/iiii', fiimons fur piilli'rii's'f l.inciilii^liin; noti'il Uir fens ? ENGLAND AND WALES. ^|U11^I• iniit's, 55,100.— iNipiiiiitioii, iii,(nr),no().— i'up. ti) ocj. III.. ;{(>:. 1. En*rl:iiul is the hiri^est, most cnltiviitod, most jvipulons, nnil I)V far the wealthiest |)nrt of the United Kinirdom. U inasur (<;.-((«, X*. Till* cliiiKitf. rrmlrnMl miiisl .ind U'ni|it'nile hy tliu siirrniiiurnii.' >t';is, spmids ii rich, suit vrnliiro over the liiiuisciilK'. It. Tln'.'ictil, csiH'ciiilly in llH'sniiilM-ni iiml niiilliiiiil cniintii's, is ;:ciUMaIlv fertile, 1111(1 inily al'iml, nti eii.'litli part U iiicii|uil)ie nreiilliviitinti. 4. Au'i'icnlliire i.i ciHHtiKleil wilh w skill unrivaled, except, jxtIihih, in TleU'ltini. 5. The cliicrcnhivali'(] pnnhicliiirts arc wlii-al, hafh'V. oat.H, lieaiis. and |)ea.sr. f). Miilc-* ol' inm, ntpper. tni, h-ad, itnd coal aro wruiiylil to u ^'realer extent than 111 any nthcr counliy in i'.inopc. 7, IjiL-'iand is llic jir.-*! niaiuiiiiclnriiii;' connti-y in ihewinld. The chief articles ari! cotton ^'oods, woolen L'oods, harilware, earihen-ware, silks, and leather. W. Tlicse six arlicU-s L'lve einplovinent to ahont *J,0(KI.(liM) ))i'r.soiis, who niann- facture them 1o the vahic of ahont 501). 1)00. Illill dollars aniinally. U. I'liiiiland has incu'e sliips and more nien in i(nnnier world ; .lad in no connti'v ;n"e the children of the hifzlier classes lietter edai ;iled. l.'i. AinoiiL' the line hridL'es are tin- A'' //■ f.ou.hm hri. !•:,■. \yl\\ feet haiL'. wilh livo AVr.— Tlir i.-!aa4 wnWh t'tuhn.i'fs Kiul.-iini. W;i!>-. ninl Hi otL.tiii i- < ;i'.!'-.i ( Irrr.t ['.retain. Scolliinil U ponirtimp?* Cfillerl Nortli lintaiti. auii Kii^iiUnlaiiitWa!.',-^ t.>j. Ill- c ar.' .--(.uth llntaja. (.n ,.t linraai aii.i hvlianl ((»■:' tluT run.-ti- [ tut-- '■till' Laiifii Hiau'iloai m (ircar liiitaja aa«i In-lhail." , lUUTI.^H h /.■;/////,/.■ ..f ih,. L;,.,d s Ka.l : of S.>Kvay Irilli ! uf.-?h.!l md islands? BRITISH ISLANDS. j Hiiiliirc milt'fl, tlii.TDO, — Population. ','ti,Mi;i.;f.'i7. — I'op. to pi|. in., '-:iO. i 1. Tlieltritisli empire, which liiis its hoiul tind heiii'l in tiio Fii'ili.'^li islnmls, is tiie must puworl'iil empire on the irlnlie. •2. ll eiiilii'iiri'i I'oNiuii'S anil iiiiiMni',~ls ill Ijiriipc. Aini'i'ii'.'i. Al'ricii. Asi;i. iiinl Aiislrnlii-iii. i Am i.,:ii,i„i,it,„fv, ., . ■J. It .-x-r.-ls nil olhi'i- iMiinin-s in ciuii 'cc 1 iiniiiulm'liin's ; anil ils iiiivy, a ll'w yoiirs ' ■"■'"'"■ 'I'liii I.!0 to I.,'-' loot span; ami 11 r./, Won /.n./n-r-. of {.'niiiilr. witli niii sini'o. was iiiori' iwiworfiil lliaii ll ninliimii mivie,'* nf ilio civili/oil wuilil. " " i •"'"■'"■"■ •■"'■'' '-I* ''''■' ^P''"' '""I' n-ciMitly oroctoil iivcr llio I liainos at I.on'lnn. •I. Tlio oiivoriinioiil is n liiiiitoil hon-ilitary imiiiai'i'liy, the siiprciiie piiwcr bolng vestoil in a; KiiiL'. or *iili'i'li. -tiiil I'nriiaiiiont. I ."i. Tho l*arliain"lit I'liiislsis of two liimsps. viz.. a tfoit.tr of I.criln, rotliposed nf liislinps. ninl I lo't'i'ililarv I 'i "f livr iliiVoroiit rrink-i (iliikos. iiniripii^t'S. oaris. visciniiits, anil liarons) ; anil i ^^^<'in|,,,^^_^ ^.-HflfllTH^n.-.^^ '• //ol^,r of Cinnni'ftiSy coiiiposoii iil" "^'li'"*!-"?^^' F"^^- '■ ■''■^^'ITfcBlir— Q-f """'' tliiiii 'iilll i-i'pi'oseiiUitivos olcctnl .y;,^;;-,'A 1 iV '"'■"* '^"32.4 i iiSt' >'■ Till, iialiotinl .1,'l.t is aliimt •'^eSii-'iALi,^ -' "' ^rC - I jk.^ $l.ni)0.0(in,OI)0; anil tlio anniial iii- ' " " ■ '"- (iTo.'itnliinitifiriO.i '\:. I ; X ( i L A N 1) A N I) WALE ti. 47 *ft« M >s, in Il<'lL,'iiiin. IS. iiiul |irii><'. M.J Por/u'nicntth, oil tlin Hnullioni cniiMt, with the \wnt Imrbor ill (irfftit Hrilain, hikI iirar tlio tiiiiioiis n lulNti'tul ol' Spit- iiriiil, in till? ^rvHl urKriial iiiid rriiil<-/viirirt 4)t tliu navy. ')'hi.> Ihcr iiuviil Hlatiiins nY\) l'liim'oiitli,\n l)i-\Hii,siiiiT, imtt'il for ill lirriiliwiilcr, uhiiiicii"! nicii-i' llinii .*.j-llili) 000; uml Vital'- 'mm, iioar llio iiiniiili of tin; 'rhaiiirs. Dii'ier, ill Ki'iil, is llu> ululiiiii ol' |Biiki.'t« for Kninrc j llnl'!)hrail, iipur Iho N.W. |i(iiiit of WmIcs, liir Diililin ; jl/i7- I'ord Uunni, at llio S.W cml of Wali-s, for Wulorliinl, in Irflaiid ; iiiiil Ful' iiifnith, in ('ornwiill, is a 8io]>i)ing-placo of stcainurti for ISjmiii iiiid tiio West Jutlietf. Tiljijlru I I'i'invli li | [ ol E nst Iroiii lU;rppiiwlih T.oN'iir>\'. on llii' Tliiiini-s. (ill nuirs Ironi it^ nioulli. is ihe ciipitiil of tlio Uriti.sh cinpirc, tlic i/n'Mli's! cily in f.nroiic. mill in roinini'rri-, wcaltli. iirls, litciiitnii'. iiiiil rliaritablo iiislilnlions ilic first oilv in tin/ woilil. It iMiiliriiii's, lic- nidi's Ilic lily |iro|M'r. ulii'rc iiro llir rliiof sliops mnl waro lionsfs, n>j('m/ii»/(i-, coiitainiii!^ the royal [lalaccs, honses ] to Si. I'oter's at Hoint'. tin/ tiin'st strnctnri/ in Clirislt'inloin; Wcslminntcr Abbi'y, a ^raiul Gutliic edilice, tlio saiu-tuary hIkI iiot'tr Coftttc, Miin'-rki'.i/rr. H7 mill's K. of I,ivorpool, is tin; prcat ci-ii- r of tho I'ollnn inannfarliiro ; I.inh, on llio Air. of tliii Vork^llirl; woolen iiiannlin Hires; anil Itlr'-mhiglinm, half way liotwi'on l.onilon anil Liverpool, of llio iiiainifai'tnre of liarilware, iiiiliiiliiii; liic-arins, nU'iiiii-eii'.'inos. locks, sirows, liiiltons. aiiii sni'li a varii-ty of small iiriiili's tliat it lias lieeii slyleil "llie toy-shop of I ;urojie." ,S7;(;/'7ii/<'. in llio soiillierli part of Yorksiiire, i.s notoil for ciitli-ry ami [ilaleil floods; Cuo'-iiilii), near the ceiiler of .South Hrilain, liir waulii-s • iiid rililioii.s ; Nol'linehum and l.ciccsli r (les'tor), for slmk- iii^'.s; lf(i/rr»/('r (woos'lor). fiir poivi'lain ; Mrr'llnir Tijii- I'lV, the lai-fiest town in Wall's, liir iron-works; Swnu'srii, die second town in Wales, for copper-works, and also lor coal and sea-halliiinr. The chief waleriiif.'-pliices are /(((///, on the Av'on. I'J miles aliovo lirislol. and Cliil'Uiiknm, near (iloncesler two of tile most heantifnl towns in I',lll.'lalid ; Srirr'fior- oin^h, on tlie coast of Yorkshire; /Jri>/(7»«. on the I'.iif;- lisli channel, :«inlli of Lonilon ; Hums' mil,- and Miir'gnte, im tin; coast near llio monlli of Ihe Thames; Tiiii'lirhlfie Wells and Ki'som, a littlo south of Loiidoi.; and llur'-row- S'ifi\ in Yorkshire. Cini'lcrhuni, in Kent, is tlic pcclesiastic.il metropolis of Kiiylanil, liein;; the residence of an arililusliii|i, who ranks next in iliL'tiiiy to the royal family. yb'i'sey, near iis nionlli, the t:ie,il dep.')t of Ihe hade wiih America and Ireland, and notetl for the most cosdy docks in the, world : liiis'/'tl, on a branch of the Severn, imled for ils hoi \M'lls; and //;///, on ihe llninber, the i^reat port of ihe lialtic luide and of the Hritieh whale-li.-hery. >:virh Ih^'iutal. Qiir.iliiiH.i. — 1. For what ia Kni;laiul noted ? -2. cliinntc ? :t. soil? 4. st.iie of nariruitiire ' ."i. ciiUivnte.l priulartions ? (i. viihiah!.^ ininenils ? 7. |iniii'ipiil nianuliictares / f. How ninny persons ilo tlicv eniplin ! !>. coninierre ? 10, csiiials mid niilnmils f ll.rcli- i-'ion? 1','. nliiciTSollhi- Cliiircli.' l:l.euilcillioii ; M. Ulliverf Itu-s ' 1.1. Wliiil is siiiilof tie- .New Loiulua briilue .' Waterloo hridue / Hi. M'juai liriiliie? Where, niul for wlinl noted. London I *.c. if QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAP. SCOTLANIX— \Vh:it cir.nuim tlir N'. iiri.l W. ? si'U nii the K.? rouMtrj- (lii till! SH. .' isl:iii.l on tli.' S.W.. sopnniti-.l IVoiii it by the Niiith rlmunol ! ^Vhlll river Inniis part uf the buunil ary'betweeii !-^ii-'hiiiil ami Scutlnml ? Tii. W'lmt frith, iir iiiimnv iinii uf tlio sen, in tlie P.E., sottiiii.' up far iiihiiiil > Fli. What liiii'-', muilioii tritli nn the west eiiast, iliroetlv opiiosile tin- frilli of Forth ? Ce. Wiiiit InrL-e river en lers tll'e frilli of Koilh ! Fli. Whnt lari.'e river, ihi! frilli of riy.lo '. Ce. JIow are the rivers Forth ami Civile eonnei'te.l ! Ail'. Hy a eainil ."even feet ileep, which opens a way for sloops across the ishunt troni sea to sia. What larw fntli |ieiietnitiiiL' far inlanil in the X.E. of Sent innil ? .\Iy. What Ion-- aim of tlie sen on the west coast runs Uf) far inlainl in a .N'.K. ilireition tinvaril Murray fritli ? Lb. he. What canal opens a w ay for liiL-iites across the islanil, Irum Murray frith to loch Liiinlie, Ihrou^li loch Nes.s, loch Oidi, auil locli I.oebio ? Cii. What niotintnin rauL'e runs from tholienil of the frith of Clyilo, N.K.lliroii:;htliecenterof tlieeonntrv? Gn. What isthetaeo of the couiiln- ? .-I//.". S ollaial is llivirle.l into the llijlilaii.ls mill Lowlaiiil.s. The howlamls emlirace the couiilies south of the rivers Tortli anil Civile, ami tlie uTcater [lart of each of tin: comities on the eastern" coast between the frith of Forth ami Murray frith. The lli:.-hlaiiils. farther north ami west, are a hleak.'wilil, roniaiuie country, ahouniliiiL' in lakes aiul mount liins. ami ileeplv imleiiU-Ml bv loin;, narrow arms of the sea. Into what soli eiuj.lics the Doli > the iJcO ? the Tay ? tlie Spey (spiii ' Where is lien .Nevis, the hiL:liest luoiinlain in Ureal lirilain ? Where. Ciirneoriii, iiot,il lor its crxstals ! What is the capital of .-■•■otlaml .' Wln'rc i< Ulas;:ow ? Pais- ley ? Aherileen? Dnmlee ? .^tirlin^? Gretmi Green ? Inver- nuss ? locli Loinoiiii .' Iteli Nevis f ■l;i Where is the proat coal tlelilof ."^cotlanil ? An/t. It oir,Eihnlmrsh,Iliiif(Hn!!ton, ami llervick form the (rrent nL'ricultural district of the south. lipnfirir' and Ijiiinrk eoiilain the chief commercial and niaiin- lacturiui: towns. Ri-rlmrtsh, Ititwfi-ir/, Srlkirk, and Pcf^tles are sometimes called Pastoral t-cotland. Aigylif ia the county of the Campbells. Qiie^tii.-n!'. — 1. and 9. For wh'it is Sccllnnd noted 7 3. For what is the island of Stalla noted ( 4. For what, lo'iia ? 5. reli- Liioii ? 11. cbiiracter ? 7. soil? H. staple yo'jetahle production? aiiiinal? niiiieral ? 9. niaiiiifneturcs ? 10. When were Scollan 1 and Knudaud united in one kingdom > Where, and for what I noted, Edinburgh .' ikc. lie I'liliiniiia in u riHil' toriiH'il niiiH. At itio 1' (i(i lort above ir. lliitlh, i» iinlpd IiiikI iirjcl Nor- llic nixlli rcii- iuuily ilirouj^li iiiiiiiT), tiin full- (if llio clergy, l)ly moml, or- -. Till- Ilifili- , of u nice cu- f i)n(ir ; in tlie ■illliviitcil. iclidri. SllPL'p tu tlie ICn^lisir Itnn go(HU, unJ ^pondrnt king- luiMa llLT "Wll \ti uiid jiidiciiil i1 iind litiTiiry idiiig Hituiition y (ItH'p ravines, 1 by lofty liillfl. 1 nut anil built rtns in Kurope. ■Is of Si'iitland, ud Bi'linoU liiu iini uU purti of ; rof:irtn, is the I'lri", and ninn- ! cotton goodi. niitt'd for tlio I I'ur tlin intelli- nn llic frith of re of sail-clotlj, linen. u tin' Hon and till' cliii'f «hip- n tlio const bu- ll till* PI'Ilt of u -y frilli, ia the I- port of Kdin- the Clyde, the anciently one of liie C — e, for its usile. lish iHirilcr, in the liiwiiy InviTH from SAV ., is the Kta :jf LTCftt events in rn is iiotoii tor the MiL'liinil ; Dunbar, .er tlie Covcnimt- tlic tiiiul defeat of ire fiimnus in the iMU-tliern, lulls or irffh,If(i I^Wm hiiv'f V aterliinl ami Wextoril liiir hors 7 ca|ie Clenr i louuli (Ink)' b'liyle ! llowth lieail '. Whrir iloes ihe |J|uiiiiioii ri»c, run, anil rmji/i/ I the lloyn.- / the Harrow / the lliiiiii 7 . , , , , , , What is the capital 7 /» rrli.l' ptirf of Irrhiud. iiml on wli.it liiiy nr rirrr. is Uiihliu I Cork ( biuierick ( Hellast 7 Ualway I W'literforilf boiiiloiiilerry 7 SliL'o 7 What is the liice of the country? An'- ^|•ar tlie hike ol Kil lariiey, intheS.W.,are nioiintaiic nlMiilt MIllJOIeethiL'li ; the rest of the count rv is aerccahly iliversilleil with hills, phiiie levs, ami hoils cover ahout an eielilh part iil the sililin 'III what pan ol Irehiml are the hoes f .!«.<, l.iiies ilrinvii iicr.HS the island IVoni Wickliiw liciiil to llalway, ami Inmi llowth head ti> tjliKo, iiicluile hetwceii theiu nearly all the hoijs mill VII .l«.<, I.iiies ilri IRELAND Bqnwo miles, 3'.',000.— I'lipuliitioii, f.-'OillKXI, 1. Ireliim cause o f till Pop. to aq. in., 'J.'il. is called the "riineialil isle." be- )rilliaiit veriliire of it.s vegetation, The (iiiinCs Cttueeica'j o. 'I'ho dimale i.s more moist and inild lliin that of Kug- laud, iind the soil, on ihe whole, more liTlile. ;t. I'otatoes and oals furnish the chief food of thn inlialii tunts; and butter, pork itton, beef, and other provisions are raised in fireat (|uaiilities for the Kn^'lish markets. 4. The principal manuliiclure is linen, especially in I'l- stcr, where it is made in almost every villii;;!' and liimily. ,'i. Ireland was c luered by the llnudish in IIT',', and tlio two countries were unileil in one kiii^'d in liKII. (i. The established religion is llii^ same as lliat of I'.iii.'- lund ; but four lillhs of Ihe peo|ile are lioinau Culholics, and nearlv one half of the other liflli I're^bylerians. 7. 'riie'rreshyleriaus are generally of .Scotch orifiiii, and reside I'hielly in t!lsler ; while t'oiiii'iiie.dit is the mu.stlbor- oughly Irish and Calliolie part of the inland. H. the proprielors of ihe soil are chielly rrolestants, many of whom are absentees liviii;; in bomlou and I'aris, and lliero spenilim.' the moneys got from their poor ten- ants often by di.slniiniiig. 1 11 !•] L l)L-a'i,l.v, at the head of fr,'st cilv, and f-siiil of ihe i of the liliest cities , lieauliliil hay, the capital, hli- Iv universilv of Ireljilid, is one in the lirilish empire, and is e.-peeiully 'luin of ston trade ; lHnlrtiininifJnr Itrnt. '.). Ireland has been liir centuries severely oppressiMl by its Kn^disii rulers, but iluring the present century many concessions have been made for iUs relief, and more, it is loped, will soon be made. 10. The comrniim of the peasantry in some lariio dis- tricts is e.vtremely di'snided ; llieir hou.se •• being connnon- ly mud Inivls. and their limil poor and scanly. 11. The Irish are brave, cheerful, witty, warm-liearted. and hospilalile, and especially generous to their aged and Ulifortimate relatives, who are often supported from their acanly earninu's. lo. The Giant's causeway, a great natural curiosity on llie north coiust, consists of many ihoiisand pillars of ba- sallie rock, each pillar from l.'i in O'l inches in diameter, iM.il cniiiposeil 111' Joints of various lem;lli. vviili n regidar shape on' the sides (commonly pentagnual), ami liitiii:; into each other at the ends, like a ball into a socket. These pillars rise per|ieiiiliculiirly from -JOIl to 100 feet above the vviiliM', are comparled lo^'clher over a space tlOO feet loni; bv about liiO liruu.l, and pi'iijeel into tin; eea an unknown di-'iaiico. i>(i/iA (*/ Ireltiiiii { old I'arLutment Ihiisc). Dublin. „■ noted for the grandeur and line t.iste of its public buildings among which arc the liuuk of Ireland and Four C'omt.s. ]irjllltir|.*iJlJ ^S-ri.y. Cork, the second city in population, is tlie i the south of Ireland, and chief marl of the pro and its harbor is one of the best in the world. \ I.im'crirk. also largely engaged in ihe proviMon trade (was formerly noted tiir the .strongest forlre.ss in Ireland, 'and for its llrm s*.i'..l in the cause of the Catholics. I l'„lf,isi' is the emporium of the north of Ireland, and ! center of the linen tnnie. ' (I'lt'wnf/'ifi noleilas aresortofthe irentry for sea-hnthinc:; \V't ! /,',7;)/-,/,liii- its trade in pi-ovisioiis ami N- wiiiuiKlliimlllshery ; /)«» ; !;,'ir'rnn.n little west ol' Waterloril, as the hiraest lishiiii.- tow* ill IrehonI; Luntiomltr' n/, for its siei.'e hy ,liiiiies II. in 1C90-1 , ; l)„nitt.'hilii,i''. lor the ferry hetween it iili"d Port Patrick in Scot Ilnail.the shiii'test mat" hy sea to (Ir.'at Hiitaiiii ami Dou-upal'- \rirk. in the sniiie cnuiity.'as the hiirial place of Si. Palrick, the I patnin siiiiit of Irchiml." Droeli'r.h,. at the iiioiuli of the Boyne, IS near the spot where was fouelit the hiillle of the Boyne. M,ii/nni//i', a litli.- west of Dehlin. is iioleil liir a colleef en- iloweil hy the uovcniiiieiit liir the eilacation of Itonuiii Catho. lies ; Tu'itm, near (jabvay, as the sent of an archhishop ; II, il'- liuii'liir', in the smiie viciiliiy, for Ihe erentest cnltle fairs in Ire- land ; Arma'jh lar-nini''), im the ecclesiastical nielropolis of Ire- laiiil ; anil Duw.'ininon'. in Tyrone, as the cliii'f sent of the O'Neal's, the must foriniiluhle'enemies of the Kni^'Iish. Qiifslinns.—\W'\\y is Ireland called the Kmeralil i.sle 7 2. ell oinle ' n pn-fcliLtioiis"' 4. nimiufactarea 7 :■■. When.liil the Km.'- lish compier Irelnml 7 When were the two cotmtries urited 7 II, lb'li'.;io!i '. 7. Which pi-oviiii oiitniiis nio..t Presbyterians 7 Which, most Cnlliohcs ? i*. What is tiiiil of the owners of the soil ! II. of the oppression of Irelnml '. 10. conilition ot the peai- aiitry '. 11, chnrni ter of the Irish ! 12. (iiant's cnilscway I Where, ami for what Hotel, lliihliii ' Ac i' i'f m I:ii anil runiiiii^ nmili. f.irm !]»■ ilivi.liiii.' i-iiiu'c liit«iTi] tlil' vdllrys ""' ""'", niuunl.iinf, aiid otlicr uutural objorts within their liniiN.| of IliH Klioii.' nnil J.cii.i: ' \V Imt incjnmains.hrajiiliniL'fniintlie F It A N C K. S I' A I \, A N I) I' (j » "I V (i A L. .'lO /•iUfIi N 1; SSlr/i«liij f.lh %'^ ttn.'Xn'f^—^ /1(Vl «'?: "«•<■« Idvs* " >lila r ■ :fil^\ 3& gJI-JI lirll L'llVl'llll'lllI,J iicncc ( lii » liat , litiii.M,.-, I!ir tln'ir IlijritH ili'lit'litlul 1 J.or-r/tiitf^ l)nr* ■iijist, Pii^-iiriii/ t I' fDiitli iin] I'l'ist, T, (liviT.sitird. r roHst. is I'niis ? X ' Ihinv ( Hl'AIN — W'lut Wlltor nil tlm N. nl' Hpiilii ? cmililiy ou tlli' N H. I rtiiliT nil llii' HK, mill S. I ciiuiilrv iiml wiitiT nil lliii W.? \Vli;it inniintiiiiiM m-|mi!itc S|Miiti ti'niii Knihn* \ W'ltiil ■Iraili* ni'imriili' iHrniii Aliirii I Wlua lwnrii|H'« III lliii N W. cxlriiii ilv \ Wliiit iali'* III III.' M.ilit.MTiiiirii ir till- iMiHtiTli I'liimt f Wlii.'h urn tlhi IhriT liirt'i'itl nl llir lliiLiiiii' IhIi'i \ W'hiil riii^'n nl liinuiilitiiiM riiiiit wcmI iilniii{ till' w I mill tiortliiTii rniwt, tmiil lllit I\\ri'i HlmiiiK' l''iiiiHtt'n'n \ Cn. Wlml riiiiu'n li'ilvi'H ihn ('iiutiiliriiili liitn. ill iiliniit lnll^^ 4 ' VV. iiinl riiim Hniitli, ill nil ilTi'ijilllir linn, In rilpn lilllil nil llm .Mi'ilitnrrilliiMWi \ In. Willi! twii Inii^' riiiii^'i-H H|t|■ill^' Irniii tlin llifniiii i*i\iiL[n, unit run ill II W.H.W. ilirnrrtnll ililn I'nrlllMlll. tiTliiiliiiliiii< iiii tlin rnilHC. nun ill tlin riH'k nl l.iiilKili, mill tliu nllliT lll rll|M' Ht. ViiK'i'Ul \ U'llllt twn riiliu'i'H Mjirilu; rrnlil llln HniKlu'l-li puit. nt' till' llinriiili riitiwn. mill run iit.-iii in u U'.SAV, ilii'iTtmii, nuiliiiLr, nun m-ur tlin HK. unrilnr nl I'nrtumil, liiiil tlm nllmr ill tlin nn'k nl (Jihrallill' / |N.it. 'riit'rtc inniiiitiunH t'liriii wliiit iluiy lie I'lilti-il tiin akt-lutun ot titii pi'iiiiiiiulii, mill liuiiMil tliii viitlryii nl'ilM tlvn uri'iit rlviTH.] W'hilt rinr ilriiiill tlir ril/lii/ liilin:rn tlin I'yri'linnil mill tllu Ilii'riiiii riitiun / Kn. : tlin ('luiliiliriiiii rliuili lliiil liinuiiluiiui n| (la.itiln 7 l)n. ■ l liituiiin nl ('iiHliln unil lliiiHn nl' TnlniliW '!'«.; liiniitituiiiH nl' Tnli'iln uiiil Sinrru .Mnrniiu / (Jii. : biumi Miiri'iiu mill Sinrru Niviulii t (ii*. Jn irfi'il /iitif- I'j Siiiint.tnitl tmn'hitt ri>mt,m>mtifniii rtiiti^p.nr rin-r, in tlm |iniviiii'i' nl' Cn/u/./ii/r;, uiitnil liir iuiliistry niiil ln\u nl' liliiTty / Siiiarn'. Iliriimrly uii iuili'|i lint kriu.'iln'in.iimimrli'il Willi Krni f Vali nriii,Miti-'i-lfl,Hlui.inilil/>ishi.t\u) lilnut linuil tilill mill t'nrtili' lun: nfrtjiliiirf At^tujiin illiiUin//'«n/, rili;i;iMl mitl iiinuutiiitiniiH |iniviiiri'H f /l;i/H'M/M,"wliirli i^ivn tlm title ntpriiirn in linirs 111" till! S(iiiiiiMh tlinilm I Iti^rni/, tlm I'nilutry nf tlin ltii.li|Un*(liu«kHl,a Imrllliiir |mn|ilnnrCi'llli-(lliL-ill/ I.'i'MiiiiiIiii, till' nnilutry nl' l)n,i Unixnln mill liiti ilnuulily Hi|uiri', l^mil'lu) I'aiizit / I'lisfUf mill J.fnii, a rniiiitry nl" i Invii'tnil [ihiiim t in nhitt pi.iritt(r. mill on whiit i- What liniiinhiry rivni's in ilin f>.V], and N,VV.('nnmrg I hi wh>it pttii iif I'lirtHiftil. ftnd mi irhnt rinr nr mntjif. is Li.s- Ixai I ()|ii)rtn ! Ijrauiilizu ( fit, lilms I FRANCE. Squaro mllc», IKH.i'W,— l'n|)iilniii,ii, ;;i,(»Hi,oio,_Pnp. tu »q, m„ ir.ri, 1. Fraiife. a tine cruintiy, in ii fiiiniii,inilin!,r piisiliiiti. lias hei'n liir a lliiiiisand years onenf iJm most imwerfiil liiiigdoins in (.'liri.stendnm. //(irre (liiir'-vni'), at tlm immtli '„( llin Nnihi. (.im,.), i. ||„ jiiirt 111' I'liriH, anil cliinf nuI nl' llin ciiiii ii n Willi ,\inriii 11, llri'.il, nil tlm ,\lhllilir, anil Tmihnt (lnii'.|i)ii).M, nil llin ,\li'ililnmiimaii, inn tlm iliinl laiMil nlaiiiiiin: inul iinxt In llll'lll urn llmhr fort (l'n»lr.|nll) mill l.'Oriiiil ( Inl'l'Hin^), nil tlin laiy 111 lllMliy, llllll Clirrhoiiril («llnr'.|lll|-K), nil tjm' Ijii/lluli ihaiiiu'l, liiiiiniM liir ilH Ini'iikwuini' unil ijia kn. Ainniin tlm ntlinr i.nitn urn lliri/otinr', imar thn Hpniiiuli InaitliT, »liniiflv liiitilii'il, ami nnlml |l,i- tlm invi'iilinii nl laim lii'la; Hiiidoirio: lUilnnn'l, niillm KllL'li«ll rliuiuu'l, tlm rnniilinir nl iiimiy KiuiliHli laiiiilinii i Col'oit ikalliii), nii tlm mraitii nl 1)— r.llm Htataiii nf pimkntii Inr Kiiinpi'ii, Siio>'/iini,',tm llm llhirm, i.l lintnil li.riUnpiri', i;illi'nt hi^'il ; Ji/irtiiiH (n-Ill/.i, Inr ittt j Hpli'iiiliil ratlin Iral, in Mliirli ' tiin KillL'dnl Krmil'n Wnril'ir ■ ini'ily irnwiii'il j ['irmiil/ri ] iVi'r-m.li'H'i, Imar i'ar in, Inr llm iiiiiLiuilii'i;iit paliii't' anil ' L-arilnuH nf Lniii« .\IV.,aial! ISillio'ii, tin i'lOltiliiirhlriiii liiu-ti'li llin'), *aH II rnyal liiiiiiinq Nr|it, QuenUioi.i.—\ Fnr what i.s rrnian luiti'il I 2, Imr |iimilinii iin- ilor llniiii|>aitn .' ;i. rank in scii.'ui n anil tlm arts / I, I'llinatinn 1 .■., lau^niai;!' / li, iliarai'tiT 7 7, nliL'inu 7 f. i;nvnriiiii,.i,t / |i, , |i, luato 7 vi'iii'taliln i.rnihiitH 7 III, kiiiI? 1 1, iuiiutuIi f I'.', iiiaiiii fattures 7 (.'.ximrts I W Iiltu, iiml fi ILM^UiSUI Cm/iiilnil iH l/hi, /'.ir, nf 111, CI,uir/iii/SI. Hi rniiiiimiu'niiu'iit it'.'*, llllilnr .\ll]inli'nli ' llian liulf iif Kiii'iipi liliMiilure, anil Ilin art.i, pii'M'iil ri'iitui'y llin IliiiiiHniiln, DVL'rruii unil '• thn Kri'lu'li liiivn iill'ts and pi)' ,.1, ':. At till' Fi'i'imli aniiit'.'* L'nii(|iii'ri-(l iiiiir ■I. Ill [icinu'i loii^' iimknil Willi tlin iiiii^t t'iviliz.-il aiiii I'liliiilili'imii .... limn; mill in natural |ihilii.in|.lu , Imllcs-lnttfe^ iiiul iiiilita- ry sUill, timy urn Kiii|ia>,~i'il liy nnnn. ■1, Killm.itinii, till ri'i'ciitly, wa,-* iiliiinst confiimit tn tlir hiu'linr ('la.-isi"<; unil u lai';;n part nf tlm piipiilutinli nvnii linw run imitlmr r I nnr wriln. ■I. Tlm Ki-c'iuli laiii,'iiai.'i' i.-t mm nf tlm must rn'ini-il nf tlm lunilnni lanniiuuns, anil i.- iiim'n iiMml in liln sniii'iy ilii'iiM^'liiint laiii^ii' iliaii aiiv ml 11, 'I'lm rri'iu li an- li piy, I'lulfli'uiis,' j^ullaiit pniipln, auil pus,-imiuli'ly liiiul nf iiulima.l fihirv, 7. '.''Iii'in in nil nst.ililislmil ri'lijjimi, all sni't,') Imin;; nipiitl in 'I y nf llm law ; IhiI llm i;ri'ut lim.ss nf tlm pnnpl.- dm Kmiiim Cutliiiliii. anil almnt a Iwriiiinili part, I'liili'.siunt.^, H. Tlm fiiivi'mnmnt was a llinitnil iiimianliv, with pnnrs nanmd liy the kiiif;, anil dnpiilii's cliiisnii hv tlm pniiplc ; luit ill 1H18 tlm kill;; anil \\vrrH wi'rn_ di'pnsnd. iiiiil Fruiiin is mnv iiri'pirlilii' with an cli'dnil pi-i-Nidi'iit uml ii>»i'inlilv. II. Tlm cliiiiatn. ilpniially in llm smith nf I'rui i,« nf tlm liim-^I in tlm wmlil ;'favnnililn tn Imullli. ami In tlin must valiiiililn |ihiiits of tlm tnnipcnitn zmm, iinliidin;; inui/,e, llm viim. llm niiilln'iTy, unil llm nlivi', 10. Tlm soil in tlm I'ustnni, nm-llma.slnni. uml i-nnlrul prnviimn.s. anil in llm vallny of llm (iuronim', i.s n,.|„,n,l|y Inrliln; lint in tlm nm'thwnsli'i'ii prnviiiii's, [inor and stiiiiv. 11. Tlm iiinst iinpiirtant niilmials an irmi unil riial. 1'.'. Tlm iirini'ipid inannfartnrns ami n.xpnrls inn silks, liimiis, wnnl.'iia, win.', anil l.ntn.ly. J'.dtis, nn tlm .Si'iiin, is tlm capital of l-'raiicn. llm siivnst citv ill Knropi'. and tl I'lilni-of f ishioii and opiiiimi'of llm riyilizi'd world, ll is inlnrinr to l.ondmi in iiopulatinn. width of sti'cnts, nndconvi'iiiniicns for Inisiimss. lint in pub- lic lilirailns. gurdnns. ijulli'rii.s nf paintinu',-!, pulacns. ami fnr ttluit iii.li .1, Pans / iV.' SPAIN. fqunrc mill'/., 17IUP0.— l'n]iiiliit.()ii. I.'.IIIIIIIKX).— Pn|i, tn «i|, in., li'J, 1. Spain, yoo ycar.s a;ri> the most puwerCiil of the Einopean .states, is imw mie ol'tlie fcelilesl. iiiniintaiiis I' ii'wi' ; mill I'm inipriivn- iniiim lanils li;:ht. ll Ci hiiit-iiuhi 1,1 .V/„n/.. 2. Xiilie nf tlin fivnis am tin- liavii'iililn; tl urn li imliinil liaiTlnr tn cnniiimmn and iiiim canals, railrnads, sti'iiinlioa's, anil iitlmr liiiu" iimnls ill'.' ulinn.si unUnown. • I, Ayriiiilinm. niuiiiil'aclnms. ami cnninmni' lan^nisli I also iimlnr llm alisiiid mslriclions of Ihn ^omtiiiiii'iiI. 1 ■1, .Spain is lain,, lis for lii'i- iin'rim. slmnp. winch li'cil in' Hocks, dinlii;.' sinnnmi-, ini llm nlniali'd liiMn-j ililn ami l.i'ini. ami urn ilrivmi in wiiil.'r in llm | low plains of Kstri'iiiailura ami th IJoiiiiiiL; pi-ii\ iiiccs. .'i. 'I'lm diiMul,' is ui'ncnilly iniM and pl.'awinl, lint lli.' Mi'dilcrrancaii |>ii)\ iiiccs iimol'ti'ii visiind \,\ a Niii'cliin;; anil I'lifni'liliiiL' wind froin Africa <'al|,',| lli,' ,Si,!:i nn. li, Tlm B,,il ill th,' nnrlh ami in tlm iiiicrim' is (.-I'lmriilly lint in 111,' ,\l,'ilil,'n'aimuii provincs, v,'iy H'rliln, prniliicin^' tin' vine, the nliv,', and rich liiiiii in alaiiiihinci] 7, Tlm principal exports am wool, win,', ami I'niils, !1. Hnll-ti,;;lits iii-i- 111,' liivm-iln nmiiBiMn.'iil in uH piirts of Spain, uuit in sonm pluccs tlm jurat si|iiar,. of ihc citv !•. I tif Itiiik III IJihriillilr. .Miiiiiiii', llm rapiial.nn a hram h of llm Tii'(.'iiii, iipiir the ci'iilnr nf ,1m pi'iiinsnlii, on lalindaml, nlnvuti'il '-'(Hill font 'iliim. llin sell, is 11 snjii'rli lint f;looniy citv. ll has liiiln liuili'. uml prospi'i's cliiclly frmn thn pri'si'iicn nf thn court, llnricln'nrt, on tlm const of Caiiiloiiiii, is tlm principal 'Mtiiifiicliirinn unil coimnnrciul town, Co'iliz, slioiiL'ly fiirlilii'il, lit ll ml nf 11 I, Hi;. toii;;im nf laml.mi u (in,. |,av. was liirnmrly llm center of thn rici triiilo with Iiuliii iiiiil America, lint is now (.'mully ri'dnceil, The nlhnr principal seaports am Al'irnnt, n strmif;ly.foi. lUieil town i ('iiiHiiini'nit, niih'd llir the lu'st harlioi- in tlm .Medilnrraiieaii ; Mol'nuii. fainons for its wines un.l I'niils; Coriin'na. the stiilion of packets for Kn-lunil mid Aini'rica ; h'rr'riil, llm |irincipiil slalimi nf the Spanish navy; mul plirt friiMi which ih.' w.ml is I'.vporlcl, Oronii'ilii, lit llm foot of llm Sii'l'la Nivuila, Sirille'. on till' Oiiailalipiiv'i.', mill Cnr',1 n-o the same i-iver, woiu llie (..real anil splnmliil ciiins of tlm .Mnnrisli kiii;;s, /'iirii/«'/ii', III, t\ii, cajiilal nf .N'livarr,', S,iriii.'n.i'so,im the lOIirn aii.l /;././ II jo,', lai tlm li— r:, near thn frniiticr nf linrlin;al, nre Imiinus fnr siei,','H, {'oli'ii'iiiim nnti'il for ils silks; -V.''/'.".', ni'nr('ailiz,fnrthcXcri>g nrSlmrry wiin's; ,s',//,„i„/„',n, in I. ,011, liir its iiniversilv; In/In ././/../', as tlm capital nf Spain 111 llm I i nf Charles V.:' Tuli'ilo, on th,. T - », fnr its swnni hliiiics ; .llniii'iliii. ill l.n ,\Iniicha, Inr il«.|in.kiiiKer iiiiues; I'li'/og arl.'ailiz, as llii' |,nrt I'rniii which I'liluiiiliim saif'il nil his Hist vnyai'i' In AlmTica; /'„)•/ .Million, 111 th.' islan.l nl .\Iiuni-',ii, fnr its line harlinr, rmumrlv tlm ,nili- Jill I.l, 'Hi;, 'r ciiiiiM aiiioii'.- tlm imiriti powi'rs ,if kurnpn, 7'/'. /..//./,■.•.///,.■/■,■„■„■,/„/, ill tli,.nii,iiiiiaiiis,','(l miles \V,.\,W. I.l Mii.lriil, IS the fan.rite resi.l.'uce nf the Spanish luouari'lis, .(/•./«'///i:,nii tlm'l'- s, is minlln'r nival resiilcii,','. (',)//,• Tiof. iili;iir', II. nr Cii.liz, is fiinous li.r N, 'linn's vuii.rv nvi'r th,- uiiil,',l Kreliili iiii.l Hpanish ll.'.M. Mioil^irnil' . a 'siiiL'ie mniiiitaiii iii.iri' tlinii aiiiiii li'i'l lii;h. IIII iiiiL's ,\ \V. nl' Itarc.lnna, is la- in. .us fnr its heniiils anil tlm iiiiiulii'r nf pil.'riius whu visit it, lliirilii,ii,.— \. Past nn.l pr.'».Mil rank nf Spain 7 'J, slate of in- ternal iiilercniirse .' ,1, stale nf auiii'iiltiire, cnniiiiei'ce, ami man. lllii.'liir.'H7 I. 117,.// (» .../„/ ..,.'/,.',• im-riiin slicp .' o. I'liinale ' li, s.'il ' pnsliictiniis ' 7, isporls '. s, hull li-lits / !i. L'nv.'rnm.'iit./ in. i.ln-'i.ai f II What p.-npl.- ii.r riv rul.'.l Spain ,1 I',', Wiint is HI. 111., I IlihrailarJ \S inr,', iii,.l liir what i.ot.'il, Madii.l \ Au PORTUGAL. S.pii.r.. mil.-, ;il„1ni)— l',,piiluii,iu, li.llin.niKl.— Pop. to ^q, ni., n«. 1. I'orluiral, iimv weak mul ilecliiiinu, was iiiiet! the iiiiisi enterprising maritime stale in I'liiriipe. •7, \t.riciiliiim. inaniifiii'lnms. llm iii'Is. eiliicalinn. ami iiiiprov.'iimiils nl i-very kind are in 11 lia.kwaid ..pile. II. The ino.st not,', I prisliiclinns am wine anil sail. I,i«iiiit, the capilal, in a coinm ,ialin.; jiositinn on the Tn- Kns. is mm of llm fn-.,! cniiiiii,'r,i,d cities in Ijirnpp, I",'..', an earth. jiiuke linri.'d :in,niin nf its inhaliilunls. j Ofior'to, on III,' Diiero, (dii'-i-o). in the iimsi th lof l'orlil;;Hl. i> ii,.t,'.| li.r its Iriile in port wine, I .SV. I'lirn, on the coast, sdiilli of Li-lioii. is noted fnr in sail, mud.' from sea waler; I'oinilnit. lor ils imiversitv; l-.h-im, as th,. sirniip It fnrlress in |h,' kiliplnni; llrngim'- j :./, liir (jiviiif. l!m ntlp of ihike to the kin;;.-, of Pni'iiiiral. I (Jiir'lionii. — 1. 1'ist iiii.l prcs.'iit rank of I'nrlin.'al ! 'J, stiite nf nn«. A,' ' :i sinph's ' U li,r.' im.l li.r what nul,-,!. Lisliin' Ac In part d H QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAP. GEHMAN'V.— \Vlii\t is .iiM-MiiUiv > Alls. lU-rmniiv is tlio poitntrv uiiilL'il liiidiT tlw (irniiiUMr ruiiiViliniliiin. It ••jnliracfs tljL- irriMiter part ol'llii^ kiiifilipin of I'mssiii ; nlmut iiiif tliinl (if tlio empire iif Anslriu ; Hulstiiii iiii.l Liuu'ulmr^-. hflnnuiiii,' to tiic Kiiiu of Deimuirk ; Lrixi'ijiliiirL'. licloiiLniiu' tn the Kini,' nt" Hullnnii, tiiu'i'tlior '.. iiii tliirty iiiilepi'iidont stiites, guviTiiuil by liJllive CitTlimii princes, jiikI I'otir Iree ritii'S. C^ J'ur llii: iKimrs oflhc sirilis, xie Tiihlc. A(t(r. — fnTmiiiiy wiw Innn.Tly nn cinpire, iiinl diviilril into ninp cir- cIps mill tilt' tliHM! c-niiiitri'-M of Hulirniiii. Muntvin. (m-l SileiJia. The nine eirclen were Ati.-tri'i. Iliiviiriri, iiiiil SwHl)iii in tin- i^nmh ; I'pper Rliine. Lower lUiine, unil Fnuii-onin in tlie nmlille mul we-t : \Ve!.tplm- Ha. Lower .**iixony. iiikI Upper .-'axoiiv in tlie imrtii. 'i'lie empire wita «l»o Billi-diviileil into more tliiin mul imlepi-nili nt »tiit<'.H and free cilien, but tliese lire now reduced to tie; numlier f^nven in our taltle. What two Dens and wlint hini-'diini on tlie X. ? What provineen of Prussia, llus.sia, and AuBtriaiin the K. .' What twoeoiintries anil what sen on the ,-<. ? Wliat three kinu-ilunis on the W. ? What river separates (Jerinaiiy from .■Switzerland ami Franee ! In what jiart of Oi-rmuny are Hanover. Holslein. and l.auen- linv._'' in w'inl purl, Hieien and \\'irremlH'ri.-'' in wiint part, Austrian (Jemiaiiy '. In wliat part, tlie lartrest division of I'nis- aian Germany ' What kinL'dom in tlie east, between Prussian and Austrian (ieniiiuiy? .-^y. What kinL'dom in the south, be- tween .\ustrian (iemiany and Wirlemheri: >. Ha. What u-rand- duehy in the north, on the Haltie. between Pniiaia and Laiien nins neross Wirteniheri.'', Bavaria, and Austrian fiennanv into llum-'urv ( Wiiiit is the ijeneral course of the Oder / of ihu KIbu ? Weser ( llliino ? Muvn / i>anuhe ? ! PWITZKHLANI). S. NmtiieW.? What nioniit.iins on the Italian border on iIh- (iernian border '. What u'reat lak V\'hat is the fiiee of the eounlry I An^ Wb;tt eountrj'on the N. anil K.? nn tho untaiiison tile Kreneii border/ What What LTi Hi i.'ie and river ill Hi Th. W. f Alps rover the hnri; ? Ml'. In what part are Hossc 'Dannsladt. Nassau, the Prussian provinees on tlie Rliine, and Luxemburi; ? Wliat kini-'dom almost surronnds the L,'rand-dueliies of Uldenhurf,' and Bninsw iek ! Win re are the other small (Jerman sllttes. Ans. All but two or three lie near the eenter of (iemiany. Deseribe the inoiintain eliains in Gennuny .' An.i. A braneh of the (,'arpatliiaii rani.'e separates Moraiia fnini .Silesia, and then, dividini.' ni|deteiy eneireles Holieniia. from the west end of Hhieh eomitry one lirani h. ealled the Hartz. pilieeeds N W. into Ilaniiver. and the other S.W., ainiss Havaria aial W.iteni berL' to the Ulaek forest, near the S.W. corner i.d (lennanv. Describe the live chi these moiiiitain chains. Aits. The /^//rii//»'draiiis all the conn tr\- south of these nioiintains. The Mni/ii. a braneh of the llliine and the WVscr, drain the country between tlie .<.W. and N.W. branches. The Klhr ihaiiis Hol'iemia. and Ihr I'Jbe ami (J'tkr drain llie whole conntrv norlli of the mountains. What is the face of tlie coiiiilry ? Iii.s. In the north level, and near the , oimt hiw and swampy ; in the soiilli. mountainous. . i What river runs tlirouL-b .Silesia. Hrandeiiburu. and Pomeraiiia to the Haltin >. What river. tliroui:li Bohemia, Saxony, and Prus Zurich fzn' rikl. and nearly all the small lakes of Switzerland, ma, to Ihu .Norlli st.a/ What river from liie eenter of (ierniany \ (In which side ol the vaiiev of liie Klione are those noted sum- enters the North .sen near the Elbe? What river from Switzer- niits of the Alps, Mts. Blalie,.^!. Bernard, Uosa. and Simplon? On land runs throui.di the western rlivision of Prussia into Iloliand ? which side, the Sbreklioni, or Peak of Terror, and Wetlcnhoni, What branch of the Ithiiie rises in Bavaria, ami runs a westerly or Peak of .Slornis ? In what part of Switzerland are the four zn-'zai; course, cnissim; the parallel of .'.O- N. Int. sewn or eialit forest rnntona, Sciiweilz. Uri, l.nderwnlden, and Lucerne, the times I What river rises near the S W. corner of licrnianv. and eradli.- of Swiss libeilv < In what pnit. the canton of Vandivol? southeni half of Switzerland, and tliu liuffliem half ia n land of ef rivers of (iemiany with reference to hills, lakes, and cultivated plains. (live the outline of the ri\ers / Ang, Four rivera rise iti Mt. ,St. (lot'hard, and run to four omiosite (mints. I. The h/iiiir, N.K.tolake Conslance; V. 'I'lie ycei/ni.or VWm'in.S.K. throuLdi lake MaL'eiore iniad jo'rei to the Po in Italy ; :i The Itlioiii; S.W. , between the liiLdiest summits of the Alps, to the lake of (Jcneviii and, '!. The Aur, N.W.. and by a cireuiloiis course tliroU|.dl the ' west of .Swilzerland. to the Itliine, into whieb it carries the wn. f lakes Neuli-batel (nii «ha tel), Tbun (looni, I.neemi;', IS rinn rjiiniiany iiilo the UiIlt / ot lliti ' N. nnd K? mi tho irhlMinlt-r.' W'lint iiir ir\v uinl rivur I lli." S.W. ? 'Ill' AI|tH cover tho II liult ig a land ol' p riviTi riio in Mt. 9. I. Thvil ; ■niirMc thruu^-'h th») I it cHiTics ihi- wn- i (IcMin), Ltn'i-nii.'', 'H (if SwitzrHiihfl. V. tlioNi- iiotcit Nurn- , unci Sirniildti? On , uml W'cllriilupni, :rliin«l nw iho t'uiir fiinl Lurcrnp. the itfui (if \*itu(l (vnt 7 Z K R L A N D. 03 SWITZERLAND. fiiuiirr- rnllr., 17;.tM _l'"|iiilHi.iii. ■,';.'i)ii i««i _|'„|i, «o a.^. m„ Vtt. I. Swil/.crl.'iiiil is iiotcil till- its uMiiiiil iialiirul sccnciy, mill its I'lee |)i)lilii;ii| inslituiioiis. GERMANY. 1. Gernianv ranks uilli tlic niost civilizeil countries in liinojii', and is the iiithur-land ut must of its soverei;,nis.* lADlLMl VUW UY TlIK IIKIIM\N KTATKS. fltiilr* Xui'trlii (OL-rinun purt) • l'riH»iii do. • llitviiria HMxoiiy Hniiovit \Vift< lIllMTg . . . . Itmlrn Ilt'BW-CllflMI'I . . . . llc(!»f-I)iirm''ttuit ■ Ilfpurlluintmrii Mi'fklt nliiir^' HfhwcTin • Mi'i-klc ii^urKflruliU! ■ HulriU'in I . . . . I.HUtnliurgj • • • • Niumau Luxi iiilnirg .... Olilfniiuri; . . . . Bruniiwic'lt . . . . Hiixi'-Wfimiir-Eiflpnfirh - Hnxi' MriniiiKin nililli'uliounL'n HaXf-l'oluir^-Uolhd HiiXi- A!t»iibiir:i ^1 Mil |J^"^«lij^| «££. fl.lHlili ll.l'illU.IIUIl I'ntli. 7 1. IKK) n.lH)l),OI)0|l'roU •ifA\\:>, 4,:illlM«)llif;nth. l,iinii,iKi|i|l'rot. l,li7IM)lll) ill.. l.WII.IIlK) ilo, l,3IO,l»lll|CHth. (ilW.IIIH) I'rnt. 7IW.IXK) '.M.HliO 47'.'.01X), e3,:iix) 4v.'U,IKlO i.'i.miu :17-.',7IX) l.'7.'i.lH)l)' llll. lll>. ilo. ilu. ilo llll. ilo. Cnlh. ,iupi |l.tllM>l,| Hrliiiui'nliun,'-I.i|i|)(> Hrlnviirl/liurj Kiiilulft.idt HiliW(iruKiir.j .■^.uitU-rnliimrti'ii llfUPC I.ulKll^lrin • Ili'u.'s llreilz .... Anhiill lli'>9nu Anhiilt-lti-niliurg . Aiitiiilt-Collii'n WaWi'ik ... Holirii/oHrTn-Hi',Tji(irim;in • Holu'ii/Dlit'i-ii-ilL-chin^'i-ii Lirlltrn.^U'Ul . - . . Ilnmliiiri; .... Kninklbrt .... Brt'iiirn KulM . . . . . f/«c/ifiitiii''/t n, uml Kfk'tinthl, liir liattles. I Saxonv. — Ihm ,ltii. on the Kllie, the enpilal, is a lieaiili- hil lily, ami has the (inesi piitiiie-L'allery north of Ihe .'Mps. ^/.d/i'sir, mi the rii'is.se, is noli'il for its fairs; .Uiii<'. noteil for its iiiiiversity ; anil rim. on the I) — e, for its strong' foriilieiilions. lUnKS. — ('iirhn'hr, the lapital, near the Hhine, aiul Mnii'lirim, on the .Seekar ami Hhine. are heantihil towns. Smai.i. Ukumam Statks. — Mmlz. in llessi-DannMailt, on the Itliine, ojiposilu the inoiiih of the .Mavne, hiw tlie Mijiiiiihr:/ oj Muunl .M. ttcriiuril. ' fl n \'iitcirin iif flri'iit Ilritiiin ia of tlie Home of Hniusivii'k IIiT con-ort AlhiTt. laiil Kiiia I |>nl,l of Heluiinii, nre Iniiii Hiixe Cii- iiira. M.'ikli'nIiiire-.-'triliiz Iih8 mvi n two i|iu', u» to llritnin. uilm, k!n: of (Ireii'e, in Irom lliiviiriu: and llic Kiupei-.a- of liu,6i« is con- lUTtfl tiy tiimily alliancf with tiin imnrpe of OM. nlmro'. I'lliJ rij Mrnr., or .V.enn. ,. slroniesi fortress in (ierniany. W'ri'mar. the nipital of Siixe-Weiniar, has heen the' resiilelu'e of liiuny learnril men. Jni'i, in Saxe-\\ einiar, is famous for n hattle, in lllDIi, whieh overthrew for a ti the rnissian inoiianhv. Itninx'virk. in the iliiehv of llriinswiek. is noteil for fails, iie.xl in i-ank lo those of I.eipsie anil Krankliirt. Vhw. yiT\v.^.—-l'nnil;f,;l-:>,t-llir-Miiiiii. ilie sent of the (ieniianie l/et. is noteil for its fairs. Uam'burjr. m\ the r.lhe. is the tirst coinniereial eity in Germany. Hrcm'ni. on the We'ser. is akso iioleil for eonimerie,' I.uhrc\ on \ the Haltie, was ome the ehief eity in the llaiiseulic leiwie. (fill's/ iiiii.^. — 1. For whtit is (liTiiiniiv iii'tein *?. covernnu'iit ? :i. L'overiiiuiiitofllieiiiiiiviiiiiiiUtiili-s .''4. rehjioii/ ."i.soil ( il. ii^- rii'iilliinil proilui-ts ,' 7. iniaerals .' ,-. niiiiiuliiiiures > !l, |u wliiit ilipllieli.'rniiilisexiel? 10. universities ' eiliii-iiliou .' II. nilv.'inlii- fesliireiMiuneree .' I'J. ilisftilviiiitni:e .' l:l. Wlmt is siiiil llf,Snx■ . nay ' Where, niul lorwhal lu.l.'.l, I'niiilvlort cm the .Mavn ' Ae. I lllltiam Irtt timilntf ll,r A/ipIr un Ihr llril,! ilj hit Kill. \ 2. Ili'i-e are lofty mininiains, heaiililiil lakes uml wulet- lulls, extensive (.'laeiers, ami lerritie avalamlies. •I. filaiiers are imineiise tielils of iee, often l,! or 'JO miles lout', forineil on the siiles of iiuiiintuins. ■I. Avalamhes are vast masses of iee uml snow, whiih oeeasionally lireak away from ihe fjlariei., ami sliile down the llll livities \'\\\\ ft liemendoua lour, ovuiwhelming in a moment the villa^'es helow. .'j. I'oiir yreat roads rross the .\lps from SwitzprlamI to Iiuly: one over .\ll. .'Simpjon, one over .M;. St. (iol'hard, one over the Hernarilins, and a fomlii over .\li. .Splu^en. Ii. By the pass over the ((real .St. liermnd (at one point flilili) leet ul'ove the sea), the Kreneli urniv, wilh all iu ar- tillery, piisned inio lialy in lllili). 7. The road over .M unit .simplon (at one point 111)01) feet liij:li) in a line niiliiary loail. Iinill hv Mnnaparle in lllil.'i. II. At the lop of Ihe road over .Ml. Si. liernurd is a lleii edielini' inonas- teiy where Imv- elers are hospi- : , _ tiihly entertiioed, and from whieh Iriisly ilofjs, tniiii- ed (or till.' pur- pose, are sent out on the approaeh of iislonn, losave - any who may he ' in ilani.'1'r of'per- ishini; in the snows. !l. The ','■.' cuntons are imlp|1«'ii(lpnt repiihlics, imiied fir eominon defense in a loufedeiiiey. >.'overneil hv ii Diet. III. The Swiss monntieiieers me iioieil for their simple nianners ami for their n'dent love of liheriy and home. 11. A majority of the people ure rroles'tunts, but neuily oiu' half are Homaii Catliolies. I'-'. The (lerman lani.'nai.'e jirevails in the north, tho rrem-li. ill the west, and the Italian, in the soiiili. I'l, The Devil's hriiU'e is an airli built at n fjiddv lieit'lit over the Hi'Mss. a rapid torrent whieh rises in .Moiml St. (lot- hard, uml pa.sses Ihroiifih the eaiiton of I ri to lake I.neerne. 1 I. William Tel!, the hero ol .Swit/erland, was an expert areher. ami al the eoimmind of a eniel Austrian pnernnr ,^hoI from a ili>taiiee an apple on the head of his invii son. Inder ihe impulse reeeived from his dariii'.. spirit, the Swiss llirew olf the Austrian yoke, and at the hattle of .\iiirj;arleu, in liUJ, i:)Oi) Swiss runted an army of 'Jll.DOO .\iistriuns. (itXK'vA. the largest eitv, is beaiilihilly sinialed on tile lake of (l"iieva, ut its ontlet, in full view of .Mninit lilane. IScrnr on Ihe Aar. I.ini.iiiiiiif {lo-/an ). Zuin-h (/li-nk), on the lake ofXnrieli. al its outlet, uiv all noled for Ihe heiiiily of iheir siiiiation ; /((/.i/c (bale), on ihe lilline. for ils university; Cin.itanrc. for an eeele.siastieal eonmil ; Schciiriinii'srii. fir the raturui-t of the Hhine ; Fn'- hin-i!, us the eliief eitj- of the Cutlmlies ; and Lii-Cfme\ ua ihe laiirest eity in the fore.«t eaiitons. Qiii\-iri, •^'"inc (it tiic lame cil-" ■ AUSTRIA. Square miles, a53,')00.— Populiition, :r.,lll)il,UOO.— Pnp. to sq. ni., 137. 1. Austria is tlie second in iJoiRilutioii of the five great powers. • Vi. Ttic ^'ipsios 2. Tho cnipiro is (■(uiijidsfi! ot" iiricr(i;:Hnpf>u.s inalcrials : the people in (litl'.'rcnt parts licin^' (ifdilioreiit races, ditl'er- ent religious, and diHcrciit lan^'Miii.'i's, 3. Nearly one hall' are iif Silavonian nrisin; one fifth, German; one sixth. Hiniirarian; one seventh, Italian, i^-e. 4. Aljnnt thieii timrths are Ruijiaii Calholies, one eijilitli part, Protestants, and the reinaiudcr. Creeks, .lews, i'C:c. ."). Aiislriii IVoper, or the An lidiieliy of AiWria, is the basis of the empire, Iliinu'ary was aciinired liv inairiau'e in inS; Galieia, by the p.iilition of Poland in'l7!l-J ; and the Italian province's, at the f;eneral peaee in 11)1.5. fi. The power of the eni|ieidr ill some provinces is ubsu- , liit<", and in others more or less limited. i 7. In Himuaiy the (.'overiiment hius a stron;; infusion of nristocraey; the peasants liein;.' slaves of the nobles, and ,. -- -■ the emperor's power limited bv a diet of nobles, prelates, '-i'i'"l"'i '"" •"'< and repriwentatives of free inwiis. 8, The bomb..r(lo.Veneiiaii kinf/dom and (ialiria have si'parate ronstilntions. and are t'overned by viierovs. it. A strip of ciiiintry alon.- the Turkish' border'is under centre of comnicn-e and maniifactun'- n military eonslitntion ; the people, in lieu of taxes, beini; /',«t'>„' (|irai;.'),on the .Moldau, is ll red la art a- s„),ii,>r- in lie- |„,,l,-,(|,,„ ,,f ||,,- fninlier. llniini is the capitid ..f ,\!..i„ lllyria, liir' HrsoAiuAS Sta tks. — /in'./i/, tlie eajiital of HuiiKan,-, isa \e. fortitied town, liiiill cliielly on the to|i of a loftv rock lai tho and west hank of the Danube. /'i>7. opposite Ituda. imd con- ■( ted with it liy a liriiL'e of boal.s. is the laifjest and nuist immercial town. I'ns'hurg.im the Danube, near the Iron- , « I'loiiiiMi lai io\\ n. 1 r a nice of vagabonda who subsist chiefly ! tierof (ierm.inv, wusoi ■nilz and Krnii'uifr, in tli the capital of 1 Imi!.'.- -y. Srhem'- mountains, are noted iiir piild and I silver mines; and Tokni/', in the .N.i:. of llunpaiT. fur its wine. //•■I'minixliiiU is the capital of Tiansylvanin. (iAI.lclA. or Al STiiiAN l'(U,»Mi. — I ,i m' I, r r'u is the capital and larL'est town; and \Vi,lie:k,i is noted for salt mines, which have lieeil worked for mole tliali IIIMI \ i-iirs. ■ t'l 10. Ill Ilun^'ary ard (iaiicia the arts are in a rude state: is noted tiir by beL'i.unL', forlune-tellinj;, and theft, infest the whole of umA nimierous in thi.-> emjiiie, CUTKF TOW.VS, Vifx'na, on the Danube, is the capital, largest town, and rnpital of Dobemiii. ■iu/*'/tiit/z, near Ib'lmu, i lint Bol: lieiuia, and ture; and manufactures Hi esiie'iallv I.omliardv. a i.'reat victory of Honaiiarte. O/'i urish i I ■ The empire abounds i 1 the ( seel in a;;ricu|. castle in wliidj I.afavetle was inipiisoned ; 'J'ri-rx/, for ,1,,'. ''nipii'ecoiiipi Sill Millie (ij II iilii:kii. . — \. Fur what is .\ustria notcii ? •,'. ttf w tint im lliu ll! :i. Wlint iiices ? ■!. relii-ioiw' .'"■. IIihtIiih n minera lermaii proviuci .1 rii.'hi the Adriatic, as the chief port of the einpii the empire uTowii I (i, u'livcniiiieiil ' 7, pc'iTiiiiirii/nf Htumary ? if (iiilicia ami l.uiiitiaiily ! V. of the coiuilrv on tlie Turki'sh ■y Tric-sle. for the richest (|uicki.Hver mines in the world "'■'"■''"' fnaitier? lu. ails anil aL'riculturu .' 1 1. ininenils'! 1'^ i ll). jjipiies ! Where, and fur what noted, Vie ilinu ' iVc. oinniercu / mo if Hniii,'an-, is a illy link cm tlio Miiil'i. itiid ciiii- ir^'i'st and luugt t', iii'iirliicl'nm- ;.'' 'y. Sfht'in'- I'll ilir giilil Hiiii [inifjaiT. fur its yUaiiia. a in tile ('a])ital liir salt tiiiiiert, (II »liiaisihti ;// (irHiuiuiiry? (Ml lilt! Tiirki'sh I'^. ciiiiiiiierct' / ■ . -_Z.? U^AL^' HOLLAND. AND BELGIUM QUESTIONS AND EXEHOISES ON THE MAP~~ ~~~ AUSTKIA.— Wlint fiiiir rcmnlrii'S cm tli.'N. f Sv. I'll P,l It-, wi,,,!.,, i ,.- , •■.r. . 8.K. ) What liiur Imliai, srati.« „„ tin- S.W. ! W , , ■, , il" , ,„, , i vv ' n ,' i i )^^''".' '=™.''"T on tlio 58 dc; , ,,.. ,, , . 'Miilrics fai Ihc VV. f vl««. Ot iiarts 1,1 haly, bciiiuaicy, a.id aiu'ic'iit I'dand, and tiiu wli Aotr.—Aii,lria« /m/y c-mlirac-rs I.oiiil.ar.ly unci V.miIcc., ,ui,1 ia ci,lli.,| tl,,. I.,i„,|,„r,l„.v cnihriic-c'B llcihciiiiii, Mciraviii, Aii.-triic iircinr, the' Tvrcil lllvriii. SIvn,. ,„„l .\ , .ri V, J i"' ■•■••s^."."- .-."-r™,, .„™i„i,v kinsdua, c,f 0-alicii. The y/„„^aWa„'.J„,, iirc llun,.ry;''ir™;yS:;a;i;'"d;:v;;i™"c™;ur '" '""'-■'' ""■ III irli'i/ par/,,/ the Aii^e, iannn/iir,',, Bohemia I (Jalic-ia ? Ti-ari»vlvai,ia f tli,.Tvri,l' JV/„it nr,,,-;,,,;: I -I (read frciin the map) iiii Tcirkcn- ( llii«Mn .' I'claid ' I'riis.sia I Siiv„i,v ' 11,1 ..i,. ) J ■ ' i ii Hi"" '""'"■ m.Uv,o,u,,.,,,s ,ri,,,r.^ iUr Haii.ariaii S s fiZ^lalii'in 1 T X"7 V^tr^ ^ , , " t™ ha v 7 and B„„e„.i„, and u,nu ^io^-^i^!i'^^jj;:^Io:^::^:^::::tz:^ ^Saii-^^^-ii-iiCsir^iil^lu^^rii^JS^ nELOILM.— H7i«/mKH/,v/ontlie\, ? E.? S. and S.W. ? What water on ilcc \v ) iiv/ lS,^^um .read IVci, til,, iiia,,) l,or,l.r n„ Fraare I (JcTiiianv ? Hc.lland ( the „ "/ ' ' " '"" '""'■" \\ hilt nvcT Iniiii !■ nineo rcm.^ tliriumh the east <.f Beliiinm, hv .Vannir and Ura,- intn Hc.llniid ? Wl,„ from |. riMiee niiis tlimi,..!. the west of Uelduni, by Ghent and Aiitwc-r,,, and iiv hi i: n in a cT. • at it W hat ,., the lace of the ecu.itry ? Aus. Generally level, with Bum.! hills and Ic^w ,i,,„"m "in, in the S.l' PRUSSIA. f c|iiiirc! nnlc..«, inii.OOfl.— Population, 14..")()0.000.— Pop. to «q. m., 137. 1. Prussia has risen, in the last 1 j(t years, from a small stale to the rank of one of the live trreat [xiwers of liinojie. HOLLATTD I BELGITTM .l| Loicjihitle Kccsl 4I fminCrfciwiilisI IS the lin.si.s cil' the kinndciin. Kast and liist adilc'd; Silesia uii.s tllen wrested n, licm I'clancl ; and a part iit I'liiiie- JSaximy and the provinces on tlic '■i. Braii'diMilmi West I'nissia were Irciiii .\iisiiia: I'cisi nriiia. troni Sweden. Kllilip weri! milled in IHl.'i, :i. .\;,M'ieiiltiir(' and niaiiuliietiires flnnrisli. espoeially in Brainli.nlinrs. Sih'sia, and the pnivinic's cit the lihine. 4. The liiiir L'reat riviTs are nil ii.ivii,,al,le ; and with the I'jinals liiaii tile Vis'tilla to llie Oder, unci the llder to the lillie. liinii extensive clnmnels cd' inland eciiiinierce. 5. The niiiveisilies cil' Prussia rank with the' lirst in Kil- nipc. and iier syslcMii iil' iciniiiiiHi «c iimd .■dneaticm is re- garded liy scmie a.s the liest in the wcirW. ntiu.is', (ill ilie Spree, is tile eapitnl of I'ni.wa, the sec- ond city (if rJerinany in p(i]iuhiticHi ; antl in lilenitnn; and beanlilul architecture, one of the iirst in ICnrope. :'liinre mil, ■ HOLLAND. ll.no.-Pcpiilation, •J,.'i4.-,,(l0ll._P„p. to »q. m., 253. 1. Holland, the land of the Dutch, is noted or industry, perseveranct'. and conimerce. likes alcin;; the coast; canals, aliiicst as fre- ilies. nclcnic'd ens lent tci fcir- Iry iiiid lliril'l. lectilcie cif 'J. The' vast (inent lus rciacis in mher hinds; inniic-niiis i with splendid eclilices; and hnnclreds of iniij eiiiners, are aincimx the I'riiit.s of Dnicji indii.. rile canals in winiiM- present the livcl :t. men and wcnneii. sonieiinie heads. lra\c'lin:,' with lieavv rapidly cm skates fnini vil y spi' loads cm their we to villiifie. it.s (irjran with snno pipes, aiai its trade in flowers; l.rir den (li'-(hi), torn nniversitv; r'/r,rl,/ (vn'-trel), for a niii versijy, and two treaties of peace; linrf. for llie Sviicd which ccinclenined Anniiiianisin, and for its vast Hoa'ts of tinii,.,r Ircim .S;viizerlaiicl ; Fhi.hiue. as a naval station; the Ilelilrr. as the lort that conilnalicls the ontnince toZlly- der Zee ; and Tc.n-1 i.slaiid. as a rendc'zvcms of Dutch fleets. Q,mli,m.-\. For what is Holland noted ? 3. Wlmt th.-its ol Dutch industry 1. ;). What in said of the canals .' t. chief caiiiil ! .-, sod? produc'ts? (i. i:ov,.riiment ? 7. reliLOon ? 8. colo- nies ( W here, and for what noted, the Hague .' \e. BELGIUM. ."nuiire mil,.?, 15,.Vlc)._p„pu|„ti„„, .|,a:io.O(lll._Pop. to eq, m., 330, 1. Beliriiim. fertile and hitrlilv eidtivated. is the most thickly-settled country in Europe •2. I'or several cenliiric's HeL-iiini lias lieeii more ll any olln^r cciiiilrv ih,. Iiatih.-L.nunicl :i. The Ucd^'ians are a iiii.\ecl peopj niirs, III' (ierniiin oriu'in: and in tin trench oxtraclioii. and s|lell;^in^ the 11 more than if Kiiropo. '; in the north, Fkm- soiitli, Wiiltoons, ol nch lan-zuaije. ap- ed the ll,rh«. Ilrrs'/nii. on the Oder, is the capital of Silesia, and the centre of its tnule and iiianiificliires. Kon'ii:s/i,re. in Kast I'riissia. cm the I're^cd. near its iiioiitli, was once tin illl! cd the whole kill;;dciiii. Jhint'zir. on the west iirill cd' the Vistula, is the einporiiiin of I'olaiid, and 11c, led ll, export of whc'at. C/.i^me (kodone'). on the Hhii. noted for the manufactiire of C'olci;,'n(! water, and as the ceiiire of irade with Holland. I'„l/d„in. near Elerlin, is one of the resi,|,.|ices of the koiL'. /•><(/i<;';,,/.,)n.//,,-r>,/,.,. is noted for its fiirs. Sf,r/i,i cm the ()cler, is the port of lierlin. M.ig'di-hurg. on tin' i:ilie, IS (MK^ (d' the slroii^vst places in ICiirope. Wii'i.n- '"■'■»■' ll"' Hhie, was the residence of Luther. Ai (7o,/,c//(!(«is'da-slia-p(d'). nearlheliciiiierof ll,di:iiini 'I'll s,i, near the frontier of Hiissia. are noted Icii ol peace. Hitl'lv. in Saxoiiv, is |j,oi,,iis for it and Thiirn, on the Vistnia, lis the liirl (iuf^tiiin^ I O,...,, .v,,„. ,„ /,„„„,„ canal, ,'iil iiiiles lonf;, fnim Anislerdmn tc iis linished in lii-j.-,. „[ „ ^.,„| „(■ ^,-,.(i|i|| ymj iialiirally Iciirren. is so wcdl ciilliMileii il aide. Ac. are lari:ely c'xporii.cl. iveniinent is a liheral coiisiitnlioiiid nioimrchv that of Great Hriiain. vailiiit; reliiiion is Calvinisni ; liiit all liiitte •1. 1 hey exccd in iiianiificiiires and aCTic-nltnre. and are noled tor Ih,. school of paintiim called the Kleniish. In lill.'i li(di:niiii and Iloilaiid toL-ether foniieil "the lom cd Ihc. Ncdherlnncls." In lii:)0 licdfjinni revolted, Is now a new kinydoin iindc'r t-eopohl of ,Saxe Cobnri'. I,. I he prevailiiii; ivli-ion is Ihe lioinaii Catholic. nil j , lliiLs sKi.s. the capital, near the centre of the kingdom, I IS iHieaiiiiliil I'lry. and iioi,.,! ti,r its hic-e and raqiets; /,. on the S, hcddt (.-k(dl). the einporlinn of nel. kin:; and . , . , , , . , I relifjioiis are tolerated, and one third ol the people are Catliolic-s. «. The Dutch have colonies in S. America, West Afric and in .lavii and otli,.r Asiatic isles. The 1Iaoi;r (haif.-). in^ar the coast, the capital, is inie the haialsimiest cities in I'.iirope, Aiii'.ilrrdiiiii. the lar^'est 1 ily. cm a river liet lake and Ziivder Zee. licnnc^rlv the lirst All/ ^'iniii. and caic Ihc^ resilience e einponinn 1 city in ICiiriipe, was and other eiiiineut hlilacc Ireatie*. nniversitv : ! of Copeniieus. For what is Prussia noted 1 3. In what order «, ,.■ the parts a,l,lc,l ' ;i, ,•• ir- .vc/)'Wi. Corsica fmm >aroiina ? Sicily iron. Itnlv? of Greece consists HhcHV ot vallevs surroiiiiae.l hv mountains. I'. I" coinineive llie ie|iul.lics ol \ enice nial (.eium W hat inountfluis Inrm the hnun'laiy on the sale nt trance., • • once took the leail in Knrope, liiit this ulory kmg silico 8»-itzerlainl, ami Geriniiny ! What iir.uich of the Alps sliirts ' ITALY. pa.s.seil ovcu- to llollanil ami IliiL-laml. tiie ifulfol'Gem.a ami runs S.E to the south extremity nf Italy ? ^ ^^^^^ __^.| Hsoon.-Popalntiim, l'l.HOO,oeo.-p..p. I.. >q. m.. IM. 7. AiiricMlliiiv llonrislies in Loiiilianlv niiil Tiiscnnv, Imt What river ilram.s the wide luaiu between the Ahis anil .\|ieu- , , . , , ,' i i» :,.,i „ ik. :..;.,.. l...,.l... I ^t..i.. liinc»? chief river oITuseauy' chief river simth of Tuscany ! i 1. Itulv IS llOtOfl HS the Seat ol tile lioHiaU i'''l;'-iV^, S™;:';'''.^, '",;'l '.\',':'':^^^^^^^^^^ oroilnction,: (if ilicst' urtiik'S iilf of Frnnro. ITALY. .Square miles, llsoon.— Popalntiun, I'l.sOO.OOO.— Pop. In fq. m.. IM. 1. Itulv is nritofl ns the seat of the lloman /ycWn«c/o/-/^,/vi.sth^kin...h.n.ofS,mlini,a?^ Ollipire MUcl (if ihf I'opeS. two (iufhie.s on tin" cuast What rivi'rs on the side ot Uussiu '. (live- the ireneral luiliiu,' ot tin' ninimtnins. A<'^. The .Balkan or HauniiM ramre enters the cmmlry at its N.W. conic-, and runs east in an iircLoiIar liiii* to cape I!miueli on llie Mlack sea. it throws oil' in its ja-OLU-ess two ,'onsiderahle hraiiclies toi\'ird the north, one dividiiiL' llos'nia Ironi ."^ei-'un. ami the olh.'r. .-^i r- viafroin IliiL'a'ria; an, I iwolow.'trd the south, one dividiiiL' .-M'- bania from |{,,iiine'lia. nial lie' oilier, lalied the llo.i'ope mount- ains, crossin-, lloiiiiM'lia In the shores of ihe Areliipeliii.'o. Give the eeneral oiillin,, iif tile rivers. Aiis. The Dnniihe ilraios the provinces .N. of llip Mnlk.'in monnlaiiis ; tin- M^/ris'se;tiitiliil islanil ill Turope. I'J. The coast between Lei;lioni and Naplnn enlVer.s much troiii inahiria. or the Imd air of the inarslies. 11!. Italy 1ms three famoiis volcanoes, K/'iin. in Sicily, which emits its tires from a sninniit coveieil wiili perpetii- :il snow ; Vet^it'ihtn. near Najiles ; ami Sfr'tiit'hi'li, whose iiilmrily tind N'eiiice .S.'picp, ur the Two .■'ici ."^iir.iinin ,•^11111'^ 1)1 r,;<, t'liiiri-h • Kinudoin U^.'J'.n) .i.uhmhki do. II..VJ1 T.rO.MHIII do. '.iH.HaO 4.i;ito.l>lin Popednni llT.d.'ill e.lllllMH") Gniii'liluvhyi f.liilil I.Iimmkio Dai'liy ' '.Msll l.-iil.oiKl do. v;,(»iiii nan, I no, lie. I lln; ll.VIll"! Il.pal.lie I l.'l| 7,.'iU0 . ,2. The prnml fenliire in the poliiical coiiililiMn of Itulv a ints, ! Danube and Ilalkan mtj. ! Pave rivi^r and Halkan nits. ; |..^^, ^.^..^^.^ ^■^^^^.^, ^^..^^ n,,, „, ....^ Hehiiin^' intlneiice of \iislria. Ualkaii nils, iind Gieeet- ! i ,.t " ,. i ..,,,. I,,t :,„>.„. ,.01, ,„ I i<> I M w t the s,.v,,iei,,nw ,'.o/,„/,«(/. W'l > t ' tl . 1", . f ll > >oni tre ' i ii« Mi lln '\ i 'I is 11 lid 1 1 llllt It U'lellt I e\ olill loll o, i 111 1 eil 111 1 a (.>. ,11111 Itie so\ i I ei:.'US liHin/i' WallVihiV^ and Ba'lu'a'ria coii.sist of ('xt'ensive plains. : of most of the llalinii states then uninieil their jieople Iivb llaines are seen at ni-lit lilii miles oil', ami have flowed tml the iillier proviiie,,. ar,- .:;eii,ra!ly rou^h and nil.iinnns ilHlilntiolls. . mcessiinliy lor 0(111(1 ye.irs. \4 9$' r^ t4 VJI7«H .M.1H.I1 ^% .'>S Ix'iuilil'iil pl;tiu-s, liiiil iim.-'ic, Ilio inni|tiiro willi ire niui frpiinn ;I()iy lung sinco lut Tusennv, Init til' proiltH'tiinit*; cif ilicst' urtick'S ully prcvnils. I plumU'r on a mi', is llif most Niiplns miiVers liir.slirs. K/'nii. in Sirily, J willi perju.'lu- 'rom'/'uN. wliiise ul liuve ylnwed ITALY, TURKEY IN EUROPE, AND GREECE. 67 1 1. Mnlta, II sniall ialiinil lii-lmiHin^! I" Grfiit Britain, is uoted tor lia line liarljur aiul .-.troMg lintilications. CHIKF TOWN?, &C. SAnniNiA. — Tihtn', on tljc I'd, the capital. )» a licaiitifnl ami htiMii^' citv. (irit'na, Iiuilt on tin* ilfcllvity ot' a nionnt- ain wliicli liuir cnciii'li'H il« liarlioi-, was llir liirihplai-O of ('olninl)ns. Alrsniin'ilriii, lictwofn (icniia and Tinin. is a Ktronj; lity, and near it in Marr.ii'nn, fainons tiir a fjrcat vic- l<)rv of Honaparli*. Sift; (nrrss), a niaritinir <'ily on tlio Kroncli Itorder, \a a iioteii rcsiwt of (^nL'iish invalids. LoMUAumi-VENKTiAN KLN(iiioM. — .l///V(/i. llic I'apitid. iicar the wi'Strrn frontier, ia noli'd lor its splriulid catliudnil. I TfsrAsv. — 1 one ol" the tinf ! ))aintiii^'s and I tower, 11)0 let l.tf^'horu, as I M)!iin t'nilinlnil. V^n'irp, finre the greatest eoinniereial <'ity in tljo world. iH built on TQ low island-s. and at a distance seems to Hoat r. ■;.■•. on tlie sen. }*'iiitin, nenr \'enire. is noteil tiir its universi- ty; Verunn. on llie \dii.'e. liir ihe'laru'est aniphillieatre in the world, exeept tin' (''>liseinii at Home; Mr/nluii.:i^ the Iiirth|)lae« ol' \'ir^'il ; and Lu i ( Wljnt lire paclins ? 4.5. history of Ih,- Turks ! . soil ? cli- mate ,1 state of the arts, kv. ! 10. amiy I Where, aail for what ! noted, L'uiiitaiitiiiupio ? Ac. GREECE. Sqiiarn milop, lO.iK)*).— Poimlation, ?10,000.— Pop. to eq. m., PO. 1. (Ireece is famous in history for the iiighest excellence in litoriitiu'e nnd tlie line arts. U. The Kiicit'iit (Jn-rk [KKts. pliilosnplu'is, histnriniis. anil nnilors. and the remains ot" (ireiian archilecture ami ftculp- Uire. are stnilieil a.s miuiels hy all xlinlars ami arli.'-l.-*. :i. Till- litlle repnhlics (if Greece, more ihan iiOUO years ago, vanqnishi'd the iMii:htiest ai'niies ol' tiie Kaat. in liberies of liatlles the most womierfnl that history t?ver reeorileil. ■I. After liaving heeii tor eetilnrie.'* in tlie Io\ve.-t stato of liegradation nmler the Tnrks, (Jreete revolted in ID','!, and is now a^'nin indepenih'iit. .'). Th*' i:overnment is a roiistittitionnl monarchy, and I'rinee ( Uho. of lta\ aria, is the lirst kin^'. 0. A;irienllnre and the arts are still in a rude state; but nayii:ation is jirosetnted with irreat aeliviiy, the Greeks heiiiL: the best siiilors in the Medileiranean. 7. The seven losrw Isr.AMis. viz.. Cur/u'. Pax'o, Sf. yfd'i tit. [//>', ini, Ci phiili) uiii, Zau h\ and Ceri'go, arc u re- piilWic, under the pi-utection of (ireat Britain. Ath'f.ns, near the sjnif of Ki:ina. the rnpital of modem fireeee, was the niosl renowned citv of antiqnily for phi- losopliy, eloipteiice, poetry, ami the jine arts. Florence. SMAt.r. Statk". Sic. — Modi-.'na is the enpitnl of the Duchy of Miidena. Cdrni'ru, in Modma, is tiniiouH Hir hue marhte; Vartna, capital of the Duchy of Tarnia, for tine cheese ; Aj>trrio (ayat'-cho). in (.'orsica. il-^ lionaparlif's ltirth|)lace, and tin? island of Llba us the place of lii^ exile aller Ins first overthrow. Qifistions. — 1. Fiirwiintis Italy iintefl 1 2. present politiciilcnn- (lition .' :i. imturwl features? 1. r/ink in the tine arts f Ti, in liter- nturu ? (j, in (■oiniHei-ce .' 7. in uuTicaltarc nad iaihiwtrv tieiierully ! H. proiluctious -' exports 1 iiii[ioits .' '.K rcliL'ion ? to. W/int' is .s-./(,/ofl)iimlitti ' 11. ol Sicily? Ivi. ofnmlariii ? in. of volcanoes ? 11. Maltu / Where, ami lilr wlmt iiutcil, Home .' \c. TURKEY IN EUROPE. Pqunre milcf, IKI.UU.— I'dpiilatinn. HMMKMKK).— I'lip. to sq. m., .'').'>. 1. The Turkish empire embraces parts of Mnrojie, Asia, and Africa, and is the most pow- erlul of the Moiiammedan conntries, V" Grand Siii;niur. A foinmnn 'I'urk. Mufn. 2. The <'niperor is an ahwdute despot, and is style Su/taii, or (iftiufi SriiTttinr. '3. The prime minister is called the (}rnnnltan. (iovermprs of provinces are ed Pnrlms or /^/.vA///r.«,-, and are of three ditVerenl rank.- noted hv the immliLM' iif liurses' tuiU on iheir standard; X the , and 'J'he ne\t call- I. lie- \ilii- i.'i', or .\mf'liillt<r, nj i':sju!^ui;i. for the comhatH of gladialors atui of wild iiea.st.s; .SV. Pr- fer^a Church, the mipst mnL'niticenl eilitici- of nupiierii times; and the yafinin, ,i vast palace of tin' pope, containin^x the i most vjiluahle lihrarv in ilurope, aial the (ine^t works of | Raphael and Michael .\ni:eIo. ] holo^uit (ho-lnii -V!»). near tin' ntu-theni Iiorder. the m»e- ' ond city in tin* pope's tlominions, is noieil tor its university and scluio! of paintiriL': Aiiro'mt, on the .Xdriatic, t'or its litu' hmhor; Sun Miiii'tui. north of .\nrona, as a small, indepemlent republic, under tin* jMolection of the pope. ; TiiK Two Sieii.iK^. — .NAfM,FS, tile capital of the kinijdom, ond hirf£e.st city in Italy, is noted tor its heautilul hav, its Hwarms of bei:i:ars, ami its vicinity (7 mih-H) to Meant Vesuvius, the tiimons volcano, and to Ih tmhi n' um ami Pompi'ii t poin-pa'-i"). which were bui'ieil mider the lava Udd a-^hes of \esuviu.<, nearlv 1!H)(1 years auo. I'At.Fu'Mo, ill the N.W. of Sicily, is the capital nnd Inri:e.'*t citv on the islatul : \l>ssi //<;, in ihe \.i:., i^ iioh-d for enii). merce ; S_'/r'iirnsr, in the S.K., lor ancieril power ami splen- dour; .\ftiisii'/fi, ill ihe \V., lor wiin", Cittn' nitt, at the' foot, of Mt. Illna. tor i'in-tlii|uakes; and (t/nni'.'-i, on Ihe strait whirli ciJMiieetH the Adriatic widi the Ionian (*en, for it--* i'nst|p<). .1 i-d.hu of J/ni, i.iu.-. ■1. Tlie Turks nre of tiie Tartar race, ori^'inallv frnni Central Asia, and were at the heiiiht of (heir power in the l.'uh ami u;t!i centmies. wiieii they captnreii Cuuslanlino- ple, and snhilneil liarharv, ll^-ypl, and Western Aiithii .1. 1 or two cenlnries they liave hei-iuleiliniri','. (ireece has recently revolted ; Marliary is no Iuiilmu- tributarv ; and Ku-ypt is helii in only nominal •.ubjeciifui. ':. Mol-ia'via. Walia'ciiia. and Servia. arc merelv trib- utary provinces governed by their own nrttu'es; and the pachas of the Asiatic |H'ovinces often revt>it. 7. The Turks, tlie ruliuL- people, are Mohammedans: hut the tnajority of ihi' iahahilant^ aretinek and -\rmeiiian (hrisiiaus. / /ii .irroiuili.1 nt .-iffwi.-i. Il/.hii, on a little rocky i>land olV the promontoiT be- tween the i,'ulfs of K-jina and Napoli. is noted tlir niarilime enterprise aial coura^'e. the exploits ot her >ailois Ijeing tlie chief L'iory of (ireece in tlie iate war witli the Turks. N'i/-'o/(. on tile ^Milf of Napoli. is noted for tlie best port in the Morea ; Xnrtni no. tiir the rlesliuction of tiie Turk- ish fleet in lilOr by llie combined i:iiiili>h. French, and Hu>>iau sipiadnms. Putms , the stronyhokl of the (ireek.-*, atui Mtssulfh I'ht, the stron^jhold of tlie Turk.s durin^f iho late war, are both on the ^ulf of I'atras. Qvf.ottons.—X. For whnt istjrcreo noted .' V. Whnt evirlenre of her superiority f If. For wlint else was iincicat (ireece fa- llinas \ 4. Wlmt receiit pnliliciil chmiL-e f Ti. i:i'\ enaiient .' )i. stiiteuf iiL'riiullui-c tunl (he ruts .' laiv iL:ii(ion } 7. Which nn- the lour tnrL'i'st of the hiiiiim islamls. imd what is the ^overnim'nt ^ Whi'i-e ntid lor wl ;ii not.'d .Mli.-ns ' Ac. QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAP. ASIA. — \]%il iiiniH nil llie N. ! on tlm E. I on the S. ' Wlmt rimlitries (in tlie W. .' mml sriis brhn-en Asia ami Kiiniiif ] A sin niid AtVii'n ? Wlint live sens u-axli the enst euiist ! wlint L'leiit liny ami «ea, (hn sciutli i-onst '. What eiilf« "pen into the Arnliinn sea ? Wlmt mills, intii the China sen ? What strait nepnrates Asia fniin Ajiierien '. What istlnniis eoiineets it with Al'rien .' kii ? ('nmbiidia ? Irnwaihly ? Onni-es ? Indus? Eilphrates '— Wlmt two Ini-Ko seas witiiniit any nutlet in the western iinrt III Asia '. Cn., Al. What L-reat river eni|ities iuto the Caspian ' What twd Inrue rivers I'mptv intii the sea iif Aral < What is the face iiltlie enu'iitrv ' Ans. Level in Siheria, Clii- im, MlniliKiatau, ami lmle| lent Tartarv, with a lliu'h table loii.l m Cenlrul Asin. The tnblelnnil is interseeleil hv InOv rr-, , II, It. 1 . .. liiunT-umu m IIIlt-rNITI eU l)\ i( H t\ linlriimilri/ l,t'tiivi-n\\\:-\ii_;\ sea and Pertinu trull f Persian [ imiuntuin rain-es, which extend into Kanitsehatk 'u tlieN.l' (.'ulfniiil lllaek Ri'n ? I'ersinii i;iilf and Cnspinn sea ? Aral sea and Day iif Ilenaal >. Hay nf Hen-«1 ami China sea! What empire euverg all the nnrtli part ol Asia .' Wlmt empire, the een- tral ami east parts ( WImteniiiitry between the Chinese empire and Cas|iian sea >. What islands east nt'the sea nlJapan ! Wlnt are the priiiei|ial mnnnttiin etiains ? Ati». A rauL'e, nnnied in dill'erent |mrts Thki-ns, Kllmrz. IlimliM Kitosli, and llimmnl.h, ri.iis IVnni the Mediterranean nearlv to tin- Paeilie; and amither, the MUii/ (under the names of . Alldinnistaii' the Chinese .'iiipire 7 Japan? Is any part of Asii- in the frigid zone I mountain IT pint IIT-.'^SIA IV ASIA OR Sllii:ill.\.-Wl,atncean.mth, );.['"' "■' "II 'li'' '■■ ' ^\'h!it iinrls of the Pacilic oci'mii ' \\ hat country on the ,■<. .' What coiiiitrv on the S.W. » What niiiunlnins sr/mmlv ,l fr„„i Kurope < 'What inoiintailis, Irum the ( liinese empire ] What slriiils, fnim Aincricn \ Which are the thiee -rent rivers of Sihcria \ tin what lake live the Itiiriits ' On what coast, the .-^anaiieda ? coast, the Tchutchi ,' Where is Kalntschntkn <. Oe •N'.? vhnt CmXESK EMPIKR.-What cnnntn- mi the N. ' What sens on the jC. \ What counliics on the S. ' Wbal c,imiti-v"n the \\ . ? W hilt niiiiiiilniiis acjuirntc it from lliissia ( \Vlmt inounlnins, from Inilia .' What sen, from .lupsn? oiifhiui of the moiiiitaiiiH, Ana. The Alinii clmin runs nIdiiL' the north. 'rij border, and the Himmtihh aldn(; the soiilliern Imrder, The Kuenhm ami 'n„in rhiiii. two parallel chains, run fnaii wesi to iMist thiouudi the heart of the empire ; and the llrhuii-. alonu- the western Isirder, unites these two chains. Describe the yreiit rivers with reference to tin chains. .!«.«. The Kinn-Kii drains the caslcni and t III the valley lietween the lliiniimleh and Kiien lini; the Ihiainf- /<", the easlcni and uT.Miter [inrt ofthe valley belwcen iheKiien- liiii and Thiiinclmii; iiiid the Aiiiimr. Ihe'eiislcni anil ereatcr part of the valley belween the Tliian cliiiii and Altny. In wlint part of tl niiiire. and on what riveiv, is China Proper '. In wlial part, lind between what mountains, Thibet ? In what part, and bi'twecn what seas. Corea .' In what part, Chinese Tiiilary .' /// irhal /iiir/ i,f Cliinr^r Tniliini is Mandjlhu- riu / (.■aaliLoir? .Monijolia f Wliere is the ijreat desert of Cohi ? IM)KPK\I)F,NT TAHTAIIY.-Whnt empire on the M. ? on the K. >. What connlrics on the .<. > What sen on the W, ? n'hal m-jiiii/fiiiiy x,'/,iinilr ,1 fnim .\tL-\ islioi' In mi Ihc Chinese empire ! What ercnt sea in the interior ' Wlinl river enters tins sen lit tl.,. N !■;. comer > What river, at the .-^.W, cc.riicr ' What IS llle face of the coi -y .' .!«.«. A vast plain. kiw.C Ihari the level of the iK-eaii, fertile near the linnks of the tvn. u'reat rivers, but clscwber.-, IVom wimt of water, alimisl a desert f >ii irhiil nm- IS /l„ kiiiu'iloM ,,t l\uihm-m f of Khiva ! oIKnon- litxiil of Kokan > In what part off arlaiy the K iifiiis Tnrtnrs ? Jffl ST"" --■^s ; as ^1 i'lu' Ahnji I'liain miihh iiloiif.' tho '///, two imrullel t tii' tilt' empire ; licHc twoi-Iuiina. tilt- luoiintaiii 1111(1 Lri'iitiT pint lull ; lllf Uuan'jr- \\ I I'll iIk' Kut'ii- vr\\ 1111(1 meiiter Altiiy. rivt'iv, is Chirm iNtiiins. 'ritihct ? Ill wlitit pari, nrii is Miindjiliu- Lilest'il lilCubi/ pirc on Ilic X. ? wfimri thf W.r Vniii tlltl'liJiU'Ki' lull river eiitiTH .■ S W, ri.rn.T? list pliiiii. lowti* nks ol' lilt' twx iiltniist II (li'Si-rt vlii\ II ,' ol Kiiiin- lirL'iiis 'rnrtiirs ? ASIA. RUSSIA IN ASIA, CHINESE EMPIRE, AND INDEPENDENT T A R T A R Y. fiO ASIA. Sqiinrc uiilvR, l.'l.TOn.lKW.— I'cpul.ilioii, :illO,0(IO.Ofl().— I'np. to »q. ni.,i.'5. 1. Asia is the largest iiiul mf)st populous of tlie grand divisions of tlie globe. Couiitnsfl. 1 Hq. MiIm. Fupulntion. . fj. ni. RH.jtion. Hurtrtiii in Awift - :.,i(n).o(M) 7,()*KM)0()] 1 (irrck, I'lwan, &c. riiiiii'Me Empin> 5,-]IN},(XX) lW),OlKI,U(N) :v> JtotxiliiHin, i;<-. InilrjH-'nilt'ntTitrtHry 700,(«X) 7.IHX),IKHI, 10 MtilminniL'duniitm. Jtipnn IW.IHHI I-J,()(H),IHX), 1(M> Huo.lliisni, iVt'. 'I'lirkcy in Aflin- ■i:,(i.(KK) l'-',(HKMIiH)| 'SI AntliiH '1.{H)0.()(HI lO.lHKIIHKI II) • 111. INfrtia -IHIMHK) 1-J,(MH),(XH): ilii. AtuliiinLit.mund'looc -ir>1),IKH) I(M)IHMKM) 'iZ Mohiiin. imd nraiiiii. IliiiiluDfitiin 1,1()U,(NHI l'..'(M)IK)IMXI lit) Ilialiin. ami HoihIIu Furtlit.T Imliu - UOO.IXX) ^.U'KX'.UlWj ill Bdodli. uiiil liriilun. 2. It ciiiiliiins oiui tliinl of tin- liiiid sinliuo, iiml iii()n> tliiiu OIK) Imir the iiiipiiliilidii of tlir caitli. 3. The dense popiiliilion is iliirlly in Cliiiiii iuul India. Silii-rin and Turtiiry are lliiiily inliuljited. 4. Asia wan the cnuUe of llio Ininian rare. Here the ailt rested after tlie Hood, and here was tlie tower of liiiljel, built, vvlieu all iiieii spoke one liiiif,'ciiif;e. 5. Asia wa.s the theatre of nearly all the preat events re- corded in tho Dilile. Here our Savior was boni, lived, and died ; and here, rliiellv, his Apostles labored. (i. In /V.sia originated all the wich'-spread relif,'ioii8, .In- ilaisin, Christianity, Mohainniedanisni, lloodhisni, \e. ". The f-'overnnieiits are (,'oiierally absolute despotisms. !i. The .X.siaiics are noted for transinittiii;; their in.stitii- tioiis, iiianners. and iisapes. tnialtered, froni iiu'i' to aue. !). The Western .\siatiis wear Imij.'. Ilowinj; robe.s, hir- bans instead of hats, and .sandals instead of sliia^s. 10. They aro fond of poniji, and of a display of jewels on their persons, and tlii'ir military lueoiitreinents. 11. In their writing's the Orientals use a highly figura- tive style, abounding in e.\lrava;;aiit hyperbole. VI. The beard, over all Western ,\sia, is allowed to grow, and is regariled with reverence. LI I'olygriiiiy is general in \Vesteni and Sontheni Asia, luid the feiniUe sex are in a very degiiided state. f^w.. with Itihle history .' li. reliuiciiis ? T. fov ■ eniinents ' H. insiitutioiis and iiiiniiiei-R } n. 10. dress .' 11. writ- iiigs ? 1 -J. beard ? la. eoadilion iit f iiiides .' RUSSIA IN ASIA. 1. llussia ill Asia, or Silioria. is !ui .ilinost unbounded expanse of level, I'rozen desert. 3. Tho rortiigue.se formerly tnuled here exteiisiv. 4. Dutch / ,'i. re- li^'ion ( «. goveruinciit ? Where, &.C., Jeddo ? &.c. CHINESE EMPIRE. 1. The Chinese empire is, next to the Rus- sian, the most extensive on the glolie, ;ind lius a greater population than any other. I ft:ii,n,ii unit (Invs III hiniic^rliiil/ul. 'J. The rivers run so conveniently, that, except a few short portnges, there is a eoiiliniied iiavigalile line across the country from l.urope to the Pacific ocean. Note. — Tilt! nmtc of merrhnnls is liovvn the Tolxil niid Irti«ii to tlic Oliy ; up the Oliy iiiiil tlie Ki't, iiiid liv » sliort porunir Id ViiM.j|.i...k on the Veiii.«ei ; ii|i the Yenisei mid the Aiimrn to IrkuUk ; ihi'iii-e l>v ii shoi-1 pnrtFi^'c to thel.i-im; down the I.rnii, iiml up the.Mdniil.riuK li, to Uir Stiuiovuy iiioiiiitaiii:!, over wiiitdi is ii pi,rtiis;c to ii rivi-r tluit lends to okotsk. A ItniiH'ii otihifl line runi*lroni Irkutsk uptlie.\iii.'itrii. iicro^'s hike Uaikiil, mid up the Seliiiiiii to KiftrhUi. on the (.'hiilfse tVoiitier. 3. The ino-st valuable jirodlicts are gold, silver, ropper, aiul iron from the mines of the Cral and Allay inoniilains ; and rich furs from the wihl aniniahs of the frozen jilains. 4. .\ few .savages roam over the vast territorv. subsi.siing by lishing and the eliiise. and payiiiir tribute iii hirs to the Itiissians, who have forts iil the principal points. 5. .Siberia is the count! v to which the Hiissian govern- ment exiles the subjects who excite its jealousy. Tobolsk', cm the Tobol, is the chief einporium of .Sibe- ria, and princi|ral residence of the distinguished exiles. IrkuLiI:', (in the Angara, is the em[ioriiim of iOastern Si- beria, and rival of Tobolsk in population, wealth, and pol- ished society. Kiiirh'tii. on the Selinga, is the oiilv jioiiit at wliieh the Chinese allow the Russians to trade'. Yii- kiilsli'. on the Lena, and Oklmlsk', on the eiustern coa.st, are the chief di'lKits ol the liir-tlaile. Qiu-t/iiuis.— l. Fur whnt is Silierin noted ? 5. Wlint fiieililv for conniieree .' Wliiil is tlie route of Irndi'rs ! Ireml liiuii the iiiupl : 3. |ipm1iicI»? 4. iiihiihilaiits .' ■,. Forwlmt is Silierin used by the govenuneiit ? Wtiere, and for whnt miti'ii, Tobolsk f &e JAPAN. 1. .Japan is a small but very populous emjiire, comprising Xiphori and theadjaceiit islands. 2. Japan strongly rcsenihles China in the character of its people and iiislitutioua. t'l/ixtlain iitua. nrntt II ml i}j i iHH'i. ■J. It embiaees, 1. China I'roper ; 2. Corea ; 3. Chinese TarUn-y ; 4. Thibet. Qiieslimif. — 1. E.xteiit and population 7 2. divisions ? Chi.vA rilOPlMl. 1. China I'roper is chietly a vast plain, wcll-wiiteiTd, fer- tile, and highly cultivated. The climate is colder tliiui in Kiiropc! in the .Ninie latitudes, 2. Rice is thi. staple |irodiictlon ; but the most noted product is tea, of which niore than (1(1,(1110,01)0 pounds are exported aliiiually to Ijirope and America. 3. Agriciillure is iiifire candidly conducted than in any other coiiiilry, lint with less skill than in Kurope. I. In the iiiaiiiifaclure of line porcidain. rich silks, onia- iiieuled work in ivory. \c., the Chinese excel Kuropeans. .'i. The art of printing from wood-cuts was iiractised in China prior to the invention of printing in Kurope. (i. The goveniineiit is jealous of foreigner.s, who are per- mitted to trade only at a li-w points. T. The Chinese are very timid, and wholly imable to contend in w.ar with Kuro]'eaiis. II. China was coniinered many centuries ago hy the .Maiidslmr Tartars, who still ride,' but have left the Jaw.s. nianiiers, and inslitiilions to a great extent unehanged. II. The einperor is an aii.-oliile despot, but rules in a pa- triarchal .spirit ; and, in his proclaniation.s, blames himself for all the evils which alliid his people. III. HeveriMice for parents is .slrcnigly inculcated; and allusive langiiiige to a liither is a capital oll'eii.s,.. I I . The ollicers of goverinnenl are i-alled mandarins, and are di\ided into nine ranks, according to their leariiini.\ which alone is regarded as a i|iialilicaiion liir ollice. 12. A mandarin is not alloweil to hold ollice in bis na- tive province, and is rarely sulVered to remain in one place llKU-e than three veiirs. 13. The religion w liich generally nrcvads is that of I'"o, a species of Itoodliism. distingiiished here, as elsewhere, by niiinerous idols, |iat:odas. and priests, and much miiininety. 14. A eusloin prevails of binding the feet of girls till they cea.se to grow, small feet being the pride ofChilie.se belles. l.'i. The (Sri'iif ir.i// of China, on ils norlheru hiuitier, is l.'iOi) miles long, 30 feet high, and so broad at the top that six horseinen can ride abreast. It is carried over ri\ers on arches, over mountains and valleys, and has low- ers at every little interval, having been designed to pro- tect China Proper from the incursions of the Tar: irs. If), 'file liiijiriiat C>in(il is lilMl miles long front the river of I'ekin to the Kian-kn'. just ladow Nankin. ir. CoaK.v is de|ienileiit on China, bill almost iiolhing is known (if the eountrv or its inhaliilania : the government niaiiili'sting the same jealousy of foreigners as in China and .lapan. rK'KiN, the capital of China, near the Cceat Widl, is one of the Inriiesi cities in the world. A'fini-iii'.near the i ith of the Kian-Uii, is ih" lirsl city in maiiufacUu-es, and no- ted for itn porcelain tower, nini* sto- ries high, Ciinliin' , near the moulb of a river in the S.K., was till lati-ly the only [Mirt at which Kuropeans were al- lowed to trade. Maca'o is an island in the estuary of the same river, occupied by the I'ortugiiese, Quntioiit. — 1. H7(rt/i>grtiV?oftliofneeof the coiuiti'y t soil ? c-liniate 7 2. prisluc. lions 7 ;j. uio'icuitiire 7 4. inHliuhictiires 7 .5. art of printing 7 (i. foreigners 7 7. Chi.jese sohliers 7 H. present rulers 7 D. goveriilnent 7 10. reuard for prtreiits7 II. 12. nuiiKhiriiis 7 1:1. rtdii-'ion .' 14. women's feet 7 l.'i. the Greiit Wall 7 HI. the Iiiiperiiil Ciinul 7 17. What is said of Corea 7 Where, and lur what noted, I'ekin 7 Jco. C'hi.vhsk Tautaiiy. 1. Chini^seTartary is divided iiilo, 1. .Viin(7«/ii/no, ortlie country of the .Mandshiir Tartars. 2. Mongolia, or the country of the .Mongol Taitins. 3. Ctmhirnr. 2. The .Mandshnr Tartars are worshipers of the (irand Kama, but little is known about them or their country. 3. The Mongols c(aii|)rise the Calinucks, Kliidis, Sifans, So:., and are al.so worshipers of the (irand Lanin. 4. Cashgar is a tlourisliing .Mohammedan kiiigdum, on a wide, fertile, and very beautiful plain. Mitiiiuifrfiin. on the northem frontier, is the only place at wliiih the Russians are permitled to trade. Ynrkniid, on Varkand river, is the largest city in the kingdom of CiLshgar, aiul the chief emporium of Central .Asia. Qiii'stuiiin. — 1. How is Chinese Tartan,- divided 7 2. Whnf m .<«/(/ of Maudsliiir Tartars 7 3. of Mongols .' 4. of Ciisligar ' Where, Jcc, Muimatcliiu 7 TiiinrT. 1. Thibet', or Tibet', is the residence of tbetiriuid I.auiu who is worshiped throiighinit Kaslern Asia, 'I'lic Grciiiil Ltiinit. 2. The founder of this worship was Bix.dli.and from him it is named Hoodhisni. In China it is called the worship (d'Fo, and iu Tartary, Slianrinism, 3. The great doctrine is the traimnigrntiou of the soul. The priests pretend that when the (irand Kama dies his soul pluses into the body of an infant, whom they di.scover by certain signs, and imniedialidy exalt to tlic> llirone. 4. The Thibetians are chi(dly a iiastoral people, but in some populous districts are fur advanced iu tlie iirls. ,'>. The ynk, or Thibet ox, lias a tail of long, glossy hair, iu great (leinand in India as a Hap : and from the hair of the Tiln^t pout are made tlu' line CashnicTe shawls. /,n,v'.M.on the Sanpoo, the residence of the Grand Kama, is the resort of pilgrims from all parts of Asia. (iuc^lioni>.—\. For what is Thibet notiMi 7 2. Who founded this worship 7 ;). its i.Tent doctrine ? 4. occupation of the Tliihe- tinas 7 5. I'lunous aainmls 7 XN'here, vVc, Lassa ? INDEPENDENT TARTARY. 1 . Independent Tartary is that part of Tarta- ry which is not under Chinese or Russian rule. 2. The norlbetn par! is occupied bv Kirgnis (Kirg-hese) { hordes ; and the .southern, by the kinydoins of Hiicharia, Khiva, Kokan, and Kooud(Hiz,'all ruled by Csbeck chiefs. '. The Tartars, both in Chinese and Independent Tarta- ry. are generally* pastoral people, living in tenic, and wan- dering from place to place with their Hocks and herds. 1. Their tiivorite food is horse-lle.sh, and from the milk of mares tli(>y obtain by fermenlation their favoiite kou- 1 miss, an intoxicating drink. 'i. Mohamniednnlsm is the established n'ligion. The peoph' generally are taiiubt to read and write ; and in sev- .eral of the large cities there are .Mohammedan colleges. liok'hnrn, on the Kohiik. a branch of the Oxiis, is the [capital of Ibicbaria, a place of extensive trade, and a fn- nnais seat of .Mohanmicilaii leaniing. So nun tun, i , on ihe same river, liinied for tho lieanty of its environs, was once the most renowned city iu .-Vsia. JitilkliArmn ils antiipiity, is called " the mother of cities." Qiitvlitiii$.—\. What is Indept Tnrlnrv- ? B. Hmv divided ' 3. occupation of the people f 4. food .' .'>. ri^ligiou 7 Where, iVc. 9 : I ■\r- T U R K E Y A S I A R A B ri I 1 isiiiin, .li'wij;,, mill .Mliiii:-|il;u'r ol' ciinivmis hrfiu'c rrnssiii;,' llic (Icucrt In r.f;y|il mill Aniliiii. Jirf J'n. miriciilly .liippii, Ih ilii' pnrt of Jcnisili'in. Ai'rf ()i kcr), on Ilii' cohs!. tjirtlicr imrtli, irt iiciti'il Inr i\* »lriMiu'tiirtirn-iiliiiii-: l>it'- '•l-Knmrr, on Mount l.i'limioii, ii.s till- i'ii|iiiiil 111' till' Dnisrs; miil llfimot', near it, im the ci'iiHt. as till' srat nt' 111) Aiiirricaii I'rotfstmit iiiissioii; An'linrh, on tin- Orontr-i, liir its mifirnt splon* (lor ; Uiil'hrr, in a valloy at llio fool of MimnI l.i'lianoii, anil Piihuit'ra, in tiic lii'srrt liotwroii Dmnascus uiiii tlio Kiipliratus, for pipinlic ami ^lll^llllill riiiim. I- ''"i"''iiVi':i" '>• I.' ••.'-~c:iii=S* ''Cn'Y/'' .}//,V// '/'/■■ f/ jM i 1. ., 'iri/,j,,,^-.'y.m.iifii.iii... iiHiiisiii '._ : Aiiiutfi \>, ^ y ;; I t /.Hftd.\ K lA 'n'^^«(i,..,-lK.i,ii,.,. •i-..i.i".:»:, ■■... Jhi)^ ^T h ,iV-iif'-'"'-NJ)fi .ffitisati^ ;tuitcHa TDRKEVlNASIA west coast of Asia Minor. iiilJiri-mMi li QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAP. I C. }'ali-slino. TUIIKKY IN ASIA.— Wluii two son.s on tlic X. .' Wlint ' '''"'I' I"'''l""ii-.V two countries on the K. ? W'iint ^'iiit (mielies it on the .s.I-;. .' : tiering deserts. What two seas on the \V. ? 117,,// s/nii/ cmiii-i-U the Hhiek sea with Mnnnora sea ? Mnniiora sea wilh tlie Areliipeln.'o .' In n'httt part rf fhe nutiifiy is Asia Minor? ,S;.nil nnii Pules- tine ? Mcsnpotan'iia nnil Koimhsl.in ! AnueiMii i What famniis Dionntiiin in Armenia on the hiinh'r of Persia ? Wliat chain of inoiiiilains fiiiin .\rniiiiia runs alnn;.' the whole soutlieni coast of Asia .Minor? What inoiinlains aloiiL' the coast ot Syria ? What two i-n-eat rivers rise in Arnienin. anil niniiiim smith many hiiiulreil miles, anile ami empty into the rersian L'lilf J \Vliicli is fnrlher west, the iMipliriUns or Tigris ! What is the face of the country ? An^. .\sia Minor is encir- cleil liy a chain of mountains, hetweea which ami the sea are sometimes narrow passes, aiiii soniPtimes hroail anil fertile plains, while tJie interior is a hidi lahle lanii ahomiilim.' in salt lakes. Ai-menia. Koonlistaii. anil the west jiarts of Syria are mountain- ous. Mesopotamia ithe country between the Euphrates ami Tii-Tisi is a hroail. well-watere,f. ami very fertile plain- What larw islam! in the Mediterranean ei|ui-ilistant from .-\sia Minor anil Syria ? Olf what |iart of .Vsia Minor is the islanil of Uhoiles ? Wliieli way from Uhoiles. anil near what coast, are the islands of Pat'mos, Sa'inos, Seio. anil Mylile'ue. Syria, and Mesopotiimia. also sutler iiiiicn incursions of tliu liedouiu Ainljs of the boi- !li li;; !1. TURKEY IN ASIA. Square mil,^«. 4-;il.0(Kl.— l'o]iuliitiiin. l.'.OIIOOilll.— l'i.]i. to rq. in.. 27. 1. Turkey in Asia liris licfii tiie seat n{ more famous cities and empires tlian any other coun- try. licdoiiin Ambif. ralesline was iinciently faiiious for wheat, wine, V. and oil ; and .Mount I.eliuiioii. for cellars. The Dnisrs. ii warlike people in the niutherii part of .Moiiiit^ I.elianon. mo seceders friiiii .Miiliaiiiniedmii.sni. II. The M,inii,i/i'.i are a sect of Clirislians who inliuliit the southern part of .Mount I.elianon. 10. The.'lim, ni,(H« are Clirislians. and are the ellief iiior- climils in niosi of the large cities of Turkey, reisia. Tartu- ry, India, mid i;^y|it. 11. The Kii'inh in- /I'vr,/,?, a riiile. fierce, warlike people, often descend from their stroii!.'hoiils in the viounlains of Koonlistaii. and ravaL'e the fertile jilains lielow. l'.i- The Tiirriimiiiis.:\ wiiiiderinf; pastoral nice in tlie in- terior of .Vsia .Minor, make e.\cellent caviilrv. and lliriii the main strength of the Tnrkisli ariiiv. Ki. Syria was wrested fioiii the siill.iu Pacini of Kgypt. wlio was coiiipelled hv tlr of r.uroiie to restore it in 18-11). Jiiiiii.i 11/ I'liiii Asia Minor. — SiKi/r mi, on the is the chii-f emporium of the Levant, or easieni coasts of the .Mediterranean. Sriiln'ri, (m the liosphorns, is a siili- ilili of ('imstaiiliiiii|ile; Tirliiznnii' is the chief enipoi'iuiii on tile lllack sea; llrn'sti, near the sea of .Marmora, wtw once the capital of the Turkish empire. ,l,,irij'i-«, in tlio interior, is fai is for a goat willi hair like silk. Mksopot.^mia and Akmkma,\c. — B,;.«.«„'r».on tlieSliut- el-Amb, near the head of the Persian gulf, is n jilaec of great trade, litts'tlmi, on the Tigris, was once the seat of the caliphs. .Mn'.iiil, noted liir muslins, is on the Tigris, near the ruins nf Siiifnli ; and lliNnh. on the Kiiphrates, is on the siti' of the mighty lln/nilon. Krzr.roum' is the cap- ital of .\i'meiiia ; Van. on lake Van. is one of the bulwarks of the em|iire on tlie side of Persia : Dinrhr'kir, on the Ti- gris, is llie centre of trade between Turkey and I'ersia. Qni's/lnnK.— ]. I'nrwhiit ii What fanioiis alieicnt cilies soil ? ti. U'lial purls siiH'er nV„(/ ;.< .I,/!,/ of Ihe Ill-uses? Kurds ! 1-. Turcomans ? KJ. Turkey in .-Vsia noted ? 2. and 3. and niiiiiarchies ? -1. divisions? .5 from Arahs ? 7. product ions ? 8. !-. Manmiles ? in. .-Vrnienians ? 11. Syria ? Where. iVe.. Aleppo ? Jtc viuare milcp. l.dOd.dOO. ARABIA. -l'n|Mll;itiiHi, KMMIO.OiKl.- -Pnp. to pq. ni,, 10. 1. Ar;il)i;i.tli('l)irtlii»!;irooi'Muhjimined.isu()- l('(l lor tlie uiiclKui^i;inir clKirncttT of its people. [| \V,:V2 i)y till, jjreat |Miwe|-H CHIKF inwss. SVUIA AND rAI.KSTINi:. .\l,Kr'co. HI id W.'IV Itptwcpn till' KiipIiiiili'.-<. is the nicult'ni (•iii)itJil ol" Ci.'ij iif Jirn.^'tii til. 2. Uvrp were Ualtvlon, .Ninrvi'Ii. Danin'-ruii, nni'iliul.aml Jeriisalcin, each, at stniio iicrinti, ihu inn.st splfMuliil cily jn the world. 3. Here wnro HaThnr and Palmy'ra, Tyre and .Si'don, the cities of tlie IMiili.s tine.s, and tlie momircliies ol" I'er'ga- nios, Pon'tiis, and .\rnienia. 4. Tlie coiuitt y JB now divided into pa(;Iialir.'». whieli take their Tiaiiies from tin* priiu-ipal eilii"*, n-i \Iej}'pf>, Acre, &e., but it i.s interesting to ns rhicllv niider ilH ancient names, vi/., .-^..sia Minor, Syria, Palestine, Aniieiiiii, and Mesopotamia. 5. Tiie Koil of Mesopotamia and of lari'e parts of .\sia Mi- nor and Syria is naturally verv fertile, hut uiah-r tlii> arhitra- ry cxactiiais o( uespiilie jimeruois ^■ulli^a!jon i:» neglected. Mediterranean and tli ' Syria, antl larirest city of I Damns' cuii,m a tertil I Syria, once iinled for the best swords in the world, Iiu- \h j silk called dama-k and for the |)lum called ■■dams(m"(a ; contraclinn nf I laniaseene), is .still a lar;.'e city with an e.\- j tensive caravan trade. Jfiru'salem, the Holy city in the interior I between the Mediterranean and Dead sea.i. Asiatic 'I'l well-watereii plain, in tlie S.K.of ' of Palestine. I is tlie reWM'l : .\lol.\immiia. AtVica, and liurope. 5, The \Sahabees. a new sect of Moiiainmedaus. spnin^^ n u i s/A - . ■'" ! r ■••>'■" """'"ir /^FlGHI/VNISTl 7w ",* ^' '^.J ,«;««► -^.^^ ?<<)cou;i li|i early in Ihf l:ist ci'tiniry in tin' iirurt nf Ariihiii. and at iMic tinii' cittltiiltTt'ti wiili'Iy "U every initio, hut liave lately been HiilMliieil hy Ihe naelia of Mi/ypl. (i. Arabia is iietei! Inr line Inirses, canielf*, and nssef. 7. Arabia in t'aninus fur exeellerit enlVee, but the mvrrli, f jukiiirense.aud spires, ealled Arabian, are inipurted IVetn lllf adjaeent enast nf At'riea. y. Tlie Arabs are mi(r,i/.e/i/ir (read from the naipionthe Caspiiiu »en? on the Persian uuiH! on Turkey I Wliiit inoiintiiins neparatii the proviuccH on the Caspian tii.iu Ailcrhi,iioi anil link / What mountains connect the Klhiirz cliniii with the Ilinilno KikwIi .' Ill nliiil innrimr is llie (jrcut .-lalt llcselt f the citv nl.il hike of OonKinii'ah .' lake ltaklei;an, which supplies I'ersia with salt? Whiit is the lace of the country ? /I(i«. Lofty mountain.s run iilojiL' or near the weslern aial northern front'iers, and kiwer uiountains, with Hue valleys hetwecn. cover niuih of the western pi'u^il s. The rest oftlickini.-iloui is chielly a |iiirclicil ilesi'rt. What rivers I y|/i.«. No lai-L'e river, the strciiins fioln thn monnliiina siHin enilinij in suit hikes or in the sanils ol the desert. .Siil anil iiroiluctions .' Ans. The t'aspiiin |aovincea, and the western plains and vaUevs, walerci, hy moinilain streiims, are very fertile in Kni-dish i:riiin, rice, the vine, iinil many ilcliciuuii fruits 1 but two thirds ol I'ersia are rwky or aunily desert. -«- . AFGHANISTAN'.— What ci try on the N. ? K. ? P. ? W. ? What nioantains sepaiale Iroili Tai'tiiiy >. Wliiit river. Pom llindoosiaii I \\'liiil lulains piinillcl with the luiliis '. What lake on the border ol I'eiBia ( What river empties into lako Zurrah f What province and desert in the S.W. I What are the face of the country, soil, and produi tinns ? Aiik. The northern half is overrnu with hiaiiclies of the Inl'lv Hindu" KiKish moiiiitiiiiis.helweeli which are hl-h plains, huti'le in V'n ni|jean araiiia and Iniils. The .<.!;. ■|iiiiiler is chielly rocUv ami harren. and the ti, W.. except alllll^■ the llilmauil, a siiinlv ili"serf Iil•:l,(l(K'HI.■^TAN.-llo^v hounded .' What is the hue ol the eoimlry >. Ans. In the west, a sandy ilesert, and in the east roek.\, harren. and deeply fuiTowed by niouiitaili torrents. PERSIA. ."qanre miles, •li'O.OOO.— Popiiliitiun, I'.'.IHKl.llOO— Pup. to sq. tn.. S.'i. 1. Per.siii WHS anciently tlie seat ol'imc of the most powerful and splendid Asiatic nioiiaiThies. 'J. The rersiansare the most ^'av. poli.shed. and learned of the Drieii;- iils; and are uoled lor love of dis- play in dress. y. I'ersia has suffered niueli in the last hlindreil years fioiii civil wars, and wars with the Kii.ssiuiis and .Vfi.'li ,ns. ■I. The chief matmfiictiires are beautiful carpels, silk.s, aial cottons, but the wars greatly impede indus- try. ■">. The reliu'ion is Mohamniedan- isni, but there is still a reinnaiit ot the ancient lire-worshipers, orCiue- bers. I'lrsian h/init. Tf.iikiian'. or Tkii-kvc\'. the capital, is a strong' city, at i the loot of the lol'lie^t peaks of the Klbiirzi iiilains. i Isimhiin', liunierly ihe capital of I'eisia and most spleii-' prnrincrx nf I,;ik (the nncient Media) and Fnrs (Ihe orig- inal I'ersia; abound in ruins of splendid cities. Qiii'aliiiii.1. — 1. For what is Persia uoled 1 2. character of the Persians ! H. Fii.ni what does I'ersia snU'er > 4. .Maiiufiii lures I a. relii-'ion ? Where, and lur what iioteil, Teheruii .' tVe. AFGHANISTAN AND BELOOCHISTAN. Square miles, 4,'iO,IKK).— PnpuIiition,"ln,(K)O.OIlfl.— Pop. to «q. m.. W. 1. Tiiese countries are peojiled liy warlike, I contendiii!,' tribes, and are often chan'^nng inus- ' ters. CaincU itrinkii Mre'cA is noted as the birlhplai" of Mohainnied. aud is annually visited liv ]iilL.uiins from all |iaits of llie Moleiiii- medan world. M,'li'ii,i eontuius the toinli of the prophet,, uml is also reirarded bv .Mohainmedans as a holy city. | I'craVie, on tin' liei'l sea. is the port of .Medina; and; ^Si hiKthii 'I J/i/ i/'f, the port 111 Mecca. .N'.i'/n/. the capital of Venien, '.. . ... in the inierior. is a haudsome and populous ciiv. Mn'i-li,/. '.''' ''''.^' "' ^^'''sliu-n Asia, and still u great ciiv in popu on the IJed sea. is noted liir the linesi colti.,. ill the world' """• 'i'"''''- i""' maniifacluies. is in a llu-tile plaui neur tin Voorainire. C/iiif. .4n .IJi^funi. I Q. The king, or shah, of All;bani.stan has little power I'xcept in the great cities; each tribe in the country being nearly independent, under its own khan or chief. j ;l. The pow u- of the khans is limited bvasM-niblies eoin- i po.ied of repre«"lltulives of tile people, the only ajiproach I to demoeralic irovernment in .\sia ! j 4. The Alldians are a nnler jieople than tlie Hindoos, and less atlvuin-ed in the arts, but their eneri.'etic. inile- ■ pendent spirit renders them, on the whole, a superior nice. j -,. The Itelooihes, like the .\rabs. are brave, lionondile robbers, lios|iitable in their tents, but eUewhere plundering and iiiurdenni; wilhoiit renior.se. Mii.i'rn/. on the eastern coast, is Ihe capital of a poweriid '''"'er ol the kingdom. Sliini:', the llivorite residence 1 CAnii., the cliief eilv of Af;;hanistan. i.s nn n lirancli of and illlelli^'ent prince, or Iiiiani. who has a siroiii; naval "' '"e I er.-ian literuii. and noted for delicious wine, is In the Ilii' Kama river, in an extensi"i>. tiu'tile plain, elevaled liirce, and holds in siibjeetion seviu-al purls in \lrica and -i'l''"'" "' ''''''^I'l- n'.'"' ''"'!'"""""'■"'"*".'' '''''■"7"'''«- ""- •'dlllMiu't above llie sea. y'c.«/o/»', r, in the N.K., was re. I'ersia. />,r/,i' »,■ iii.;ii- tli,. ,■.•,, I, .,- ,,(' \,...l.;.. ;. ,1 ;,..! s'lirc', on the Persian L'lllf. is the cliier se;i.iioi-I /i,-',,,,,., iwiilK- ili.> ,'M>,ii,>l ..C it,,, >..... l'..l l-:...,.l r /■..1...1 I'ersia. Ihrin'ii,-. near the center of \iiibia. is the e.i[iilal ' '"'' • "" .'''I' ''''I'-'^i'i" i-'nll. is the chief sea-porl. l)r'mii.i. cenllv the lupilal of the powiuliil kini'dom id' Cabiil now of the Walmliees. l','hii. built in the clefts of the rocks, '' ""''''' '"f '■"innieree aud immense wealth, anmlinum' . disnienibered. Cni.l,,!,,,,' . n well-built city in the cent.n- was the capital of ancient I'.domor bluniea. Mininl Si' mil '","1 •"'""''• "H ports on the Persian gulf, beloiu' lo the liiiani of the countrv. is ihe chief town of the niinierons aud ixiw- anil llo'nh. lii IS ill Hible bisinrv. are on the peninsula "' -'i"^'""- l<'"'i>i„n is noted for shawls and carpels. V,-:,/. ert'ul tribe ofDooraunees. Ilrni''. in the .N.W.. is the chief between the gulfs of .Suez and Ak'aba. ' '"'"'' ''"' ''enter of Persia, is the asyliiin of the persecuted seat of lie- 1 imerce between I'ersia and India. iliueliers. Sill:.,',,!.,, in Ihe iiorlli |.arl of Irak, is the .siini- Kci.at', in the N. I'., part of I!, looi lii,~t.iii. IKliKl feel above Qiinlinnn — t. For what is .\rnhia noted ' Who are till mer reside of Ibe kilu.'. 'J'„h' is the capilal or residence of the principal khan. :. or l%i}i'ri>i, liirlber the sea. Ani'l.s I ;l. tlieir eharacier .' 1. I !'//«/ ,s. , , .. , . ,. , . ism .' .'.. the Wahuhces ,' (i. animals '. ?. veiietahle pro.liicts ' s. Ibl'tress on tile frontier of TarluiA : and Erinni'. unotlier. y',"'.";"'"— '.I' or what are Afuliaiustiin nu.l Ileleoihistnu tineriimeiil '. U. Arabic hue-unife >. Hi. commere,. ! II. the cam- "" 'lie frontier of Hu.ssia. to which it now behuii^s. el .' Wheie, aud fur what noted, Mecca .' iVc. , The ri,i,i.s rfSiisii and Aliici: are In Kliiizi>taM ; a id tin H nted I 'J. uenerid eovernment f :l. u'overnmeni of the tribes ' -I. rknriirirr of the Af-hiins > .-.. of the Hvlooches > ^\'llel\■ a.id the for what liotial, Cuhul .' \c. m i-'M 'J •r «i- i 0*4 QUBsflONSAND^EXEROISES ON THE MAP. HIXDOO.STAX— Ui»w ih HimUmstiin, t«)miiltMl ? VVImt niiniiiliiiiia nri the N. ' WImt rivtT tnnhn'tliu NAV. lyoniiT .' What river on tlif N.K. tx)nl»'r ^ What i'n|ii' at t'lu Honth i-x- tri'inity ' W'lmt Inru'c idlniiil mat ot'cuue ('uinoriii ! In ir/mf p III of' f/iniliHtnluu IS tlu' Miilabiir ooat f runttt oi' (Jominiinilcl f H-'iiiral ! Nrpau! f HiMihiii ? Mywiri- f tlin CiiriiHlic f tlic Ih^v run ,' tho CircarH ! llw Pimiah iir oniintrv nl" tin- Kivc rivurs t tiimii! ? i|ul('ot' (ainliay ' LiiiH-miivf ninl Miildivi- islcM T W'liat tnnuiiluii) clwiiiis } Ans. Tlitt Hirn'mtiifh iiiiiniitriinfl, the I'll'iicst in tlu' wurlil alnnL" tlu; ndrtlu-rn ImnliT: tin' ViniUiifti. wliirli run tVuni llir irult'tit' Cuinhiiy, i'ii«it, tf) llir rt'nttT ( '." IIlii tiiMmtuii; tlu' \\''fyt>'ni (ihautn.W ur louo iVet lik'Ii, a uic tlu- west ('(Misr. tn)"! tlu' L'ult'til Cainlmv tn {-apo t'tinmrin ; ami \\\v Eiifitvrii (ihnuh, 'J ur iliiOO I'l'i't liiifFi, aloni,' the uast cuust, thun i!Hpo Cninorin thnniuh thu Carnatic inUtOnasH. VVhnt threat river n'reives the writers t'ntni tho sonllternfiirt: of thi' Himuiuh'h ami the nnrthcrn farf nC the Viiulhya mimnt iiitiH. unit iliseharu'efi them l)y nuiny inimtliti into thu hay of Hcn- ual .' W'lint irreatrivrr r(M'eives the waters of the wenti-ni part of the Iliinnmk'h i-huni, anil disclmrL'eii them hyttiveral niontlis into the Arabian sea f What river druius the'soulhern tin'e of the Viiulhya rnoiintains, ami oniptied into the i^ulf of Cainhay ^ What throe river« rise in the Western (Ihauls, iirul enrry the waters of Southern liimiiHmlun to the eastern coast f In whiit zone in the eoimtry watereil hy these three riverj* f [n what zone, (he country watered hy the iJanu'es ami Imlns ? What is the laee if the eoimlry / Ann. The noriiiem part, between the Himmaleh ami \ indhya nxanitalns, ia a vast plain, very fertile where watered hy tho (ian,;.'eH and IndiiH, but with a wide sanily desert bet Wi'en these rivers. The Honthern pari, betwei'n the Kastern ami Western (Jbants.ls ebiully table laud, elevated several thonstuid feet above the sea. FAUrriRR XDIA.— ir/a//r.'»///;7/ontheN,W.?onthe\.? WliittL'ultfi and Heaouthe 10. .' strjiits.iM'ean, and bay ou tlie W. ' In H full /Kiii is Assam .' Arraean f Tcauiuin ! ('(irhin Chitni f Ma laeea ? On n-fiitf nn-r is Itinuali ! .Siam / t'andtoilia ?-Luos .' What is the face of the etamtry .' ^Ins. The interior is imper- fectly known, but several nuui'tain ranues app.'ar to run t'nan N. to S. throuirh tho whole eountry, havinu- between tliern the valleys of the great rivers Jrruwad'dy, Mei'nam, and CaniUidia, HINDOOSTAN. Square milp«, l,100,iXK>.— I'opuliition, lxH),iX»0.(MH).— Pop. to sq. m„ Un. 1. Hindoostan has been noted in all wises Tor r'vilization nnd rich products for conineice lo. The Hiutloort iirii .loted for lUKlianyiii, to their soeial ami reliiziotis iitslituiinin*. lb SoveriilhuinlrtMl inissionariesfroiii Britain and Aineri- eji are now laborinf? to introduce Christiiinity, luitl Imve printed the Bible in most of the Indian hin^'uii^'on. 17. Ainoii^' the idants ari; the iinble jinlm'trri', the fra- f.'rant s- diiction. Sujiar, coitcm, indigo, and upium aro also largely raised for cxporta'ion. 4. India has been celebrated from time immemorial for rich cotton j^orMls, silks, aial otlier tine manufactures. i 5. The Hindoos are as I)hick as the negmes of Africa, but in their fe-iturea thev resendde Knropeans. (i. They are verj* polished and courteous in iheir man- ners, and exhibit retined taste in many of their ancient buildinj.'8 and literary works. 7. They submit tamely lo oppression and foreign rule, and have always been easily etanpn'red. 8. Kor several hundred years they wcrr niled bv Mo- Imnmieilans under the Cireat >bt;.'ul; but since the middle (d' the hist century the Ilritisli Ka-sT India Company has ex- tended its dominion over nearly tin* wlnde ecMUilrv. !). 'I'he total number of Ijiropeatis in India is iinlv about .'iU.OOO ; the army which holds the conntrv in sulijectioi, consisting chieHy of native lroo[)s, called tiepoys, trained nnd conunand<'d by British (dlicers. 10. The ilindoiis worship Brahma and other idols with manv licentious and crmd ceremonies, including self-tor- ture and even suicide in varifms forms. 11. The Suffft', or practice of burning widi)Ws nn the funeral piles of their liusbaiaN. prevaih-d erjensivrdv till abolished bv the British unvermiifnt in l!i:iO. V2. Tin? H" ^'jos are dividi'd into four castes: 1 . Bnimins. or priests; ; .oldiers ; 3. Merchants; and, A. Sudras, or laborers. I'J. The castes not do in'ennarrv. or rven cat or drink willi ea(di (dher ; and if anv one violates the r:des of caste, he is driven from society- us utterly odious ai.-l abonnna- ble. 11. The outcasts are called Fariahs, and now form about one liftlt of the whole po]Hdution. IJJ. Tigers, hyenas, and huge sorpents abound in the rules of cast forests; and elephants are here tamed in great numbers, and made almost a '■ usebd as horses in Kurope. \\). The Mtikrafftm, in the Di'ccan, the Pinifdrm, in the mountains along the Nerb'uhlah.and XhvSi'iks, in the prov- inces on the L'jjper Indus, are the most warlike tribes. 20. Ctylon (selon'). a beautiful island oil' the Toronian- del coa.st, is noted for cinnamon groves and a jM-arl fi.sher\'. Calcutta, the capital, largest city, and residence of a majority c*' tho Kuropeans in India, is on the lioogly, one of the arms of the (ian:.'es. Dac'ca, also on the Delta of the fiange.i, is nf>ted for the fmesl muslins in the world. PuCno, on the (Janges. is the emporium of the opium and salMa-ter tniile. Urnm-rs {Itv- nairz') is the holy {'ity of (he Hindoos, and graral de|Misi- tory of tiieir rtdi;:ion and leannng. Ih'/'hj, on the .lunma, was the chief seat of the Moyul emperors, and has the linest udhereuco ^ western capital of Bj-itish India, lindrabad' ,ur (iolcon'tln, iti the interior of southern HitnbMistan, is famous for its diamoialH ; and Jui:erniaiit, nn the east coutft, is the lemplo of the niost famous idol of the Hindoos. Cohm'ho, ou the S.W. coast of Ceyinn, is tho cn|»ilal and emporium of the island ; and J'l/ftifipnfam', at tho north end, is a station of American missionaries, Qursfionn.—\. For what is Hind(M)stnn noted ? 3. soil ? ,^. pnxl- urts? 1. niannfartnres f 5. romplexitai ? tV-atures ? )l. manners? H. Who uovern .' M. How many Kuropeans? What i.s saiii of Salteo ? I'J. of'casles f l:i. of J 11. of Pariahs ' ]:>. of regard tiir sm-ial institu- titam / Itl.of niissicaiaries .' 17. plants ? IH aninic's ? lit. W'fu-.r, null fin- vhat uofrd, nre the Mabruttas? I'indan .-a f Cioiks / 20. Ceylon? Calcutta ? H .-.«■(■ a ? Ac. FARTHER INDIA. Hquare inilrP. !»))0.(KHt.— ['opulation, ' OOO.fHH).— I'nj). to pq. m.. 21. 1. Farther IiKha resembles both China and Hindoostan, and is sometimes called Cliin-In- dia. jVo'/'/f of Jumna Musji: mosipic In India. Unrthrui-' ,in\ th for t..e ■■realest fair in India. Cashnurr', in a beaulifut \allev if ihe IliimnMb'h mount- ains, is noted for ri*h shawl-, made of thi' hair (d' the Tiliet L'oat. l.nfiorr', in tlie Bunjab, is the capiliU of the Seiks, and Ainrifsir'. their holy city. Snr-ftt', on the Taptee, was ratce ihe greatest emporium in Imlia. and is slill next to Cajciitt.i. Ma.ir.::;'. tnx llie Coromamie] coa.st. is the .-apital of oU'' of the presidencies d' Brili.ili India, and /*i>nitirhrr'r//, capital of Front h India. Tfinjinr', nu the Ca.ery. is the rival of Benares in learnin;.' an nionan hies. f». The Malays, who occupy Malacca, arc .Mohammo* ilaim. Tlio i^M'oplw of thii (itlinr iiruviiiceH are iclolatum, I QDE8TI0M8 ON THE MAP. wiir»liii)r^r«i)l UciimIIi iir (iaiiiliiiiiii. [ ANiJIKNT OIIKKCK— Wlmt prn 10. AKiiciillntc) Hiiil llm iiil« »io lii».i ttilviinceil llmii in iinuln in llw miutli Ant. I'l-lo/xiniie'- Chillil iir liiiiiliMi^taii. j tuiH, In what iiiirt of the l'el4)|i chief port of Hirniali ; and Ppttn' , on the Mtuiu iiuitu, was once tlie capital of an independent kin^'doin. IIan'kok, the capilal of Siain, on iho Mei'nam, in a float- In^' city, half Iho honses liein^' on linnilioii rafts, moored in the river. S»niov', ilie rapilal of (,'anil»i(lia, is a sironj; city, near the tnonth of Camooilia river, Hck, also strong- ly fortilied, near the sea. Is the capitjU of (.'iH:hin China. Sinf*nimrt'' , on an island at thu end of the jM'ninsnla of Malac'ca; Mu/itr'ra, on flio straits of Mahu'ca, and Am'krrsf, on lliu border of llirmah, are the chief llritisli settlenienU. Qiieilioiu.—l. What does Fnrther Inilia rosemlile f 2. What countries dooB it ceinpriHC f 3. relution§ toeacli otlier? 1. W'K.if in mill of Hirninh I 0. of Siaiil ( ti. CainlKiilia, I.niis, anil Ton- i|uin t 7. What imrts are Uritish ' H. government ! II. religion T 111. till! nrH .Ml. nniaufacturea ? li. plants ( uniiinils I W'lieru, and Ibr what iiotud, Ava f iVc. ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY. Londtuilo 3;5Kai(froinCrcfii Wheru was Atlicat lian/tM? i%> CIM I In whit'h of tlin Grecian itntei wim Athcim \ Wliirli wiiy I'nmi Athene WHJi Mn/iitfintt, iintfit (or a ■iKiinl (luCcKt ofllio I'lTfliaiis / Wliii'h way, tlm islr of Sal'dini^, oH' which wai loiii^ht thi- tn-atul naval hiittk^ wliich Htayed th4< thio of I'tTsiun invriiion ? Which wiiy. Kfru'»in, lh»' neat of the thricudBcn'ii myHtcrius t Which way, ('o/tn/fi, with itH citadel on a riM'k tubu fci't higli, tliu (iihrultar of tlnj l'cl(i|Minncf(iis ? In what part of thu i't->ln|Kinnt'HiM wcro Mi^Ci^ntc aikI Tir^nn, notoii for niina morn masiy than any in t\w world except the oyraniiils ()f Kjjypt 1 In what part, Sparta, noted for'its hrav- cry f In what part, ()///inj/i(t, the scene (tf the Ohiiypic frames ( In which of the (Irecian stntcs wan IVirfiiH ? In which, J'/uftm. where :t()0,()mi Persianii were defeated, nnri the iiower of Xerxea completely hro- ken f In which, Chfroiurti, theVTeat hattle-plainon which the fiite of (Jreecc was repeatcilly deeidcii f In which. Ih'l'phi, noted "fur itH oracle, iit the f.M)t of I'ltrnasHim ? In which, the [ihiiiis of Phnmnha, nicniornld.' tlir the defi'at of IVm- pey hy Cujsar / In what part of the Cyehuiea uro Viiro^, noted liir its beautiful niarhhs and AufuMi'niH, lor its wonderful grot- toes ? -" I the Whfre WM the vnio of TVm/w ? Mt. Ohnnpun ? Mf. (hsa ? ML Prfion ? MfiKfo ? What famous pass heiweon Mt. (Eta and 1 sea, only ii:< feet wide, wlicre I.eoriida« ami his little hand of ;(i)o Simrtans resisted for three davB the whole IVrHian nnov / l\ ASIAMINOR hr'ri'i.i. and licfhsct'ida ,' In what ]iart of (iitlilct' was Sri/lfiop^' I'lm. (he chief of the ten cities cidlcd lieeap'olis i On which side of the .lordan were the connlrirs of T/ZAv/J dnil What eountrv on the cnnst N. of I'ldcstiiie? ' H'^fi"" .' On which siih- of the Dead sea, tite cunutries of Ain- he K. and S. ! "What sea on tin- W. .' What . '""" '""• •^/'"''' ■' Whi're does ffif Julihnk empty '. Where, thv •ncr .' What river risfs in the .\. of Palest inc. ' -1''""" ■' What fanions cities on the coast of I'hn-nicia. ntPiih of Dead sea * Name the hirt-'i'st of the two lakes I''il<'stine ? What famous mountains parallel with the coast of ilordan flows in tin' upper [lart of its course, i Phu'iiicia / What famous city in t'(elo Svria, la'tween mounts Lehanun and Anti-Lebanon ? I PAhKr^TINlv What desert on sea in the S,K- en and runs S. to the throiiL'h whirl) the .h)rdan flows in the upper | In what part of Palestine was Jitdnt f In what part, (in/i/i In what part. Sninnrin f In what part were (i-iZ'i. Asfirfnn, Ai*ft)lod. and Kknnt. the cities of the IMiilistines / In what iiart, Dan f In what part. fUrrstluhd ' Which was the principal city ofjinlea anil Palestine ? Whioh way Inan the month of the Jordan was ./fniau/nn f V\'hich way from .lemsalem was Iltfhhlnin, the birthplace of .lesns Christ? \Vhich way. ih'hron, where Abraham was buried .' | M^W M i\OU.— What seas (Hi the X. of Asia Minor? What sea on the W. ? What strait hctween the Kuxine and the I'ro pontis 7 between tin* ProiK)nti8 and the /Kijean sea.' 117/^// thn-t' prm'iniTs on the Kuxine ? on the /ICu^ean sea / on the south ern coast? What three in the interior { Which wav fnnn Snivrna was Sanliit, the residence of Ki Which way, and Crtpsns. fanu)us for his riches? Which wav, /■'/''''' ih f Whidl wav ■ -' - unce the pride of Asia, and famous for the temple of tlu- uodtless Diana / How many of the seven chun-hes adttressed by St. .lohn in the Hevi'lation. viz., J-'/ihrsits, Siuipna, J'ir:;awits. Tfit/attra, iSi/r ills. l'lni'i(iriis, the fabled birth plact! of Venus, and noteil tor vohiptnousnesa ? In what part of \\'hich way, and near what river, Jt-rirh fin what sea. Kii'i/nlt .' Which way. A /irtffvl f Whii'h way, ICm'mntis f Which way, and on what sea. Jitpjia f What city In f?anmria between nionnts FAtal »nd (h'r'Hhn ? Which way fnim .lerusaletn was Samaria / Which way from Hamaria, and on what sea. (Jtntarra / In what partofdalilce was fhv plain of F.Kilrac' Ion 1 On which j the island, Pavhas, noted for a siplendid temple to Venns * Otf and />< side of the plain was Mi-'^idila f On whi<'h ."(ide, Jrz're ti. ami the what coast, Jifioilrs, famous tor its maritime power. an» ' (>n ' bra/en colossus, 100 fpet hit.'h ' Which way fnim Sniynia was which side, inniinf Tahor, anil the cities ol \- trnni Ityzantium, ami on what sea, Sia/tnr- ilai. the residence of the kinus of Ilithynia. and at one time tho rival of Home ? Wliieli wav fi*oni Nicomedia was AVcc, famous for the ueneral council whii'h formeil the Nicene Creed, A.D. ^^'^:> f In what part of Asia Minor was Vontn.*, anciently a pow- erful kinu'dom .' In what province, and near what sea. the coun- try of the Aniazon.-i, the celebrated female warriors \ In what pnivince. Tarsna. the birthplace of St. Paul, and rival of AthetiH and Alexandria in leaniinu' and ri'linoment ? Which way from Tarsus was Issiis. where Alexander C4UH|Uered Da- rius, and opene////7/, Tdmcs&us, Cnidns, and M'flasa, th.^ niitis of whose vast temples and Cyclopean mon- uments are visible at tins day ? In w hat part. llalteaintas'AUs, the lirthplace of Henwiotus an'd many other creat men** What ■re :\lex ' river, noted for its \\ indiiiLr course, sej aratcil Lydia thun Caria ? QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES OK THE MAP, ASIATIC ISLANDS, nrKAST INI>I AX A l[( 'HI pK I.A' —hi wliiit zdiic iin- till' Asiiilif isliimls ' Winch is ihr t.'irL'. In whiil imrt (tf tilt' Arfhi|it'liii:(i Hrfllic PliiU[i|inu! islands .' \\ hut purt, Sanmtra ( Jn whiit pnrt, .hivn. riii an; traviTscd liv h'fty ir.onntJiiiis. which lenipiT till tierce lieiil ot' the tropical sun, i.nil j/ivc rise to niitriiTons f-treauis that Certili/c tfn- soil, inaUing tiii.-* one ol' ihe most favored rei^'ion-* on the j,'|(d*e. '.i. The orii-'iiial inliaiiitanls were Orieiitnl iirLTnes : !m! Ilirnloo.^, Mahivs, and I'liropeans iiavo sinco Kuccessivelv .■-ettled in the i.-hiiuls. and (ditained the a.'*cendencv iti the inariliiiji* districts. The Sjianiards now nih? iti tlie I'lnlip- pines. and thu Dutcli in ihe orher islands. '1. The Dutch nmintiiin their awt'iidenry partly liv in- tn:^ue with ctmtenditiL' tribes, and partK Tiy forts and tar* risons. and an .amy in Javu of 15,0li() men, tiOtIO of wiioin are l!iti*opeans. Ti. 'I'he Malays, wlio fonn tlie innjority of die pnpidation in several Ianil-. are.u very }»assionate people, and when hiuddy excited not ind"re. ]i(in (v/, a small ishiiid tdrthe S.l',. coast of Stimatrn. iw famous (iir Ms tin mines, which yield more than any other I on tile ^d(dt,\ except lho>e of Cornwall in Knfjiand. 10. .U'vA.lhe most cultivated ami popnlons of the Asiatir I islands, yields rice, suirur, coHee, teak tiinher. Xv., in suc-h ASIATIC ISLES, A U S T 11 A L A S I A, A N D P O L Y N R S 1 A. OA nhtuiiliiiit'i', tliut till) roM'iiiiM t'roiri tlio iritaml tii Ihn Dtitiili goMTiiuifHt hiw iM'fii, in Noiiir ji'tiCM, iiniilv |l.'»,OuO,Ult((. II. Iliil l.ll nlilllll inliillil i'ii.hI nlMitvii, ill IKilcii liir nlill I'r'- laiiiiiig tlif IliiKliin CI' I fiiiil iitrttituliuiH, whii-li wi'i'u ^^vn• iTiilly uliiiiiiloiii'il hy llir Miilujt imil .liivjiiir*!' in llir iiiImt ;ay« llial il runiit a i Inxlrr of |ii'iiiu9ala«, in inluiliilril in tin itlirin |>arl liv lln' iiiiMt I'litT^i^tir aiitl f-innni>'i'<'ial |)i'i)|iliiriiiin. lln' prtiilnco iil tile ililti'n'Mtisl.iiitli'irilii' Aiilii|i<^la);"l"'iiiy InTu (.'Xilmiii;- jtl till- ljirii|)faii, (.'liiiii'-f, aiul Iniliu ^ikhI . M,ivil'l,i. the raiiilal uf tin- riiiliii|iiiit-s. s ilit- lari;t--. I. ll-w tlo tin- Diiuh iiiiiiiitiiiii thi'ir iiHft'iitlfiirv f W'liiit id riiiiiiiiic iiiiiok t li. UVm/ /I »,ii,l lit Itiirm-o > ''. iit .~uiiMlni ( rt. ol 111.- H.itliiH i >J. Hiiiu-ii ? 111. .Iiim / II. Ituli? 1-.' iSuiiihiiivii I 1;) Cil l-s f 14. HiHiloo i»hiiiil» I l.'i. MiiIiii:™h, ur .-JiiiL-u iak-s / Iti. 1 niliiiiiinc iali>9 \ llutuviu f MuiiiUu.' \c, AUSTRALASIA. Anstraliisifi cniisisls uf, 1. .Ati^lruliii, or Nt-w Udllaiid ; 2. Vim DiniMMi'M l-ami ; :i. N'W /caljiini ; 1. I'iip'iia. oi- New (iiiiin'u; J. Svw Hriluiii mid Ni-w Irrlaml : tl. JSoluiiiun's i:iluii(is; 7. Now ilub'niloa iimi N«'\v CaUiloniu. AL'srnAMA, OR Nkw IIoiiam). 1. Australiii is the Inrirest island in the World, iiiul is sometimes culled a continent. -Z. I-inJ.' is knnvMi ii wtlli'itiiMii> ill till' S.i:. ;t. Ainaiig tliM Ktniii;io aiitiitairt arr, 1. llir K'inffnron, 11 ^M-r;:aniMi'4 qiiad- rupi'tl, Ijrlwi'cri till- si|iiiiTi'l and llu' d<''T. w liicli niaUi'^ pi'iidi- ^'iniir* Iraji.t witii llif ai^^:^' ''-=*'A^]^ ',„nl,-lik.M|u,idniiM'd.Iiv(.K •hiclly in lilt- water, lavs •!.';,'(*, and wickli'S its nt i'ur: 'ull. 4. TiiP imtivcrt aiT Orii'rital nr;:rrHM of llu* lowest class, tgnnnml savaj^'rs, few in nnnibiT, tif dwai-li.-^h -i/i- und dis- giisliiiu' a|i|>('arMn<-c, T). Kisliin;; is tlirir main (KcupaJiun. and tlu-y an* lulrra- I)Iy di'XteriMiH in sirikinL' Itn* tjsli willi sprars; yd lln-ir <'a- iviH'H arc very nidi-, and in sonir parts tht*y have irirrrly a Inu. nn whirh tli.-v .sit. unidin_' it uilli u p-iddli'. iintury iiiiii^^iiintfi Jirivii MWitllcd tin* wliilu iHtpiiluhoii Uj nt'aily lUU.OlM), iit wlnnn aixait iim«< luiuili ntf oaivnlit, 7. riin griat iMidy - I tw inuunlitniM. | to. 'i'lie null nl \Uv eXpliHi'd ptll U. rXiepI Mime Ninul! diff i IrietH, in, tn a ^reat extenl, unlil jnr t alhvatinn, lint in well ' lulapled In I lie pastnrage nf hliei'p ; iind wnul ul a ^ery line ipialily is tlie staple pcndiiciiun of llie Itritinli cnliaiJeN. | II. The cliiel twiureeit nf wealth urn wimiI, nl wliichl !^(MH>,0(t(l llfs. were exported in IH'.i'J ; nml the whali'-liKh- ! erv, which fiitpl">i'd in AuAtniliii and Van I'leinen'M Land , 1500 men. | Sydmky, the capital of Australia and tar;!<-sl luwn in Ailif ^ lrala-*ia, has nne of Ine line-it harhnrs in Iht; wnilil. ' Adduidv iti the largest town in Miiulh Aiiiihiiliu. Van DitMKN's I. AMI. 1. Van Dikmkn's Imnm is u emuitry of hills and dale*, with a temp* rale i-liniate, ^'nod soil, and Ihie hatliors. ti. h Nil-Ids wheal, liarhsy, oiitn, jMitmot's, and UMjiucliilly rtno wool in ahniidance. ;h Ahoiit nne tiiurth nf the |mpnlation are ronvh'tN, und three lritn-t[iH vnhtnlary eniigranls from (iicut Itrilatii. IloitAur loWN, the capital, is iMiiniifully siiimted tin a tine harhiM-, al the hint nf Taltle itainntain, which I'iiM.-it hed hv hptty iinMinlains, with a liiiu cliiiiatii atal miil, anil is noted liir its wlron-i tlax. 'J. Thu iiativi's are tall, well-lorined, intelli^^ent, and war- like siiva^'rs of the Ahilay rate, and ^I'lnMiill) live in la,t uj ,i X u- /..lUnnl f/,ii/. y. A happ\ clian;;e has recently lu'en ctleited in some districts by tlie labors of Urili.Hh inihi^ionarie-^ ; and in 1)1 IU a llrili>h colony of nearly lOlM) noijis \\\ih planted here. Till- It'iif i>f Islamln, near the iinrlli eini nf llie norlherii i.-*laiid, has lla' ^evc^d yeai> been much freipe-ntrd by iho Americans ent-'aL'eii in the nnuthi-rii wliale-tishery. I'aI'UA, OR Nkw (iciNKA, HtLT. l*Ap'iA, or Nkw (iuisKA, Nkw Hki i'ai.s, and Nkw Irk'- LAMi. Solomon's hi. amis, Niw II kii'uiiiK'*. und Nkw Cai,- Kno Ma arc little kiiovvfi, linnipi'iinH ha\ In^ no H-tlteiiiehtu upon tht^m. The iiati\esare rapiians, or t Oriental negroes. Qwr.'i/mH.s'.— H;)W is AastraiitsiK . viiU-iJ ? AL'snui.lA. — 1. Kor what i.-^ AusiihIIu noted? *J. IIow fur has it lierii explored \ :i. What is Niii'l of tin- Uair.'iinHt ' of iht- (hi-k-hill/ LchaructiTof the imtivrs f .'). tliiir * i, i ii|),tl inn f llu'ir cimocrt f (i. Who were ihr lirst wlnte Ketihr-. ' 7. \^■here are the white Mcttlfnieiits ' ^. religion f IK luce ot the roillitry i UK sol! iiml proiliuliiiris I II chiel nourccs uf wcailli / \Vhere, umi for what noteil, Sydiny / iVc. Van Dikmknh I.a.nd.-I. Face of the cninitry ? cliniiite 7 sit f 'A. Wimt ix siifl t>\ \\ri\\*\t nhssitumri.-B ? llritish colony / Where, A,c., tin- lt»^ of Ulah'l» ' 1'aI'Ua, (."iLc. — Whut is tiuid of iIichc iiilr.iiilH / .lu-ua. .\i„Ua-i,/i /^iunUT Miifhr.it. " When (irst diwovered, the natives were foiiml siibsist- inj^' in liixiiiiotit indohi.ce mw the sponlaneons prodnclioim of thnearth, i^'nonmt of(h>d, and addicted to some revolt- ing cnsloni<«, aipoii;.' which were inliiiiticide, proHiiscuoun concabina;.'e, \i\A the e'llin^' ol Inniian Ile>li. I». \\ itiiiii Ihe last thirty years a lar;:e |Mirtiiin nf the in- fiaiiilants of lhi> Soi ielv, Sandwicfi, and rriendly islandt have renounced their i((oU and embraced Chrihlianity ; and ininsionarieH from Ibitain and America have tan^ht them readiiii/, wrilim.', ami several of tlie n.-etul art.t. 10. Ainnn;.' lln- anm-'emi'iits of ihe natives are iailinp ca- tioi'K and swiihtiiiiif.', in which they are mi expert that they may almost be rei.'arded as an amplhbioits race. 11, 'J'hc .Makw' K«As |s),ANt)', liave reienlU been 4,and ■• ihe briL'hicst ^-ein of rho racitic," con- sirttit of iwn peninsulas, oii"!i(l and tlie other ;{ll mih's in cir- cuit. The ihicrior rises into naiiintains nmre than lO.nnf) feet hiuh. clollied to the top with the verdure of bicad-lniit, cocoanut, banana, and other Naluab'i* trees Sjuariiiif >■(.■*/(, A II :•! ml III II an hm l.nif. 6. The first Kuropeun settlers were 700 ciutvlcts Irans- jjorted frum l)uj:land to Botany bay in i7!J;t. Abiny lluni- aunds have sinew been added, and witliia a few \e;irs v .1- POLYNESIA. 1. Polynesia, from Iwotireek winds r*i;jnil_v la;: mnriifi is the name ^'ivcn to the r-rn:il| inland-* -^ aUen-il ill ^r tiver the central parts of lln I'acillc occiin. 'J. Thi> princi|ial f:roii{>ti north ot iho eipialor nr<*, S/ni'iirirti ts/ii/i'is m the cast, and tlio I.tiiimiir.' and tJ lini' islands in the west. :i. Tl»' principal L-roups sjiuth of X\xt^ eipiatnr an, Mttrqui-fnin islands in tin- east, the Sm-h'fy inlands m middle, and the Frirml/i/ islands, including the I'tjuv' Xnvitsufor's ir-latuN, in llio west. ■I. The Sandwiih, Society, and Mari|ueKas jpthmdM of volcanic oriirin, and the mttuntains are vtTv wihi Mips Ihe 'iiro- thr. lln- anil 11 rr unil Sjsi 11.* (._/ tltiil.tiu. I.'i. Ifinriiii (lMi-\vr-r).(iiriiit-rly ralh'il Oirln/'hrr. tin' lar- t'l--"! of lilt- .Samiwh n 1-HVII1. is noti-il for lln- Inl'iy .iiini- iiiil 111 .Miiiniii Una, Ili.iMHI li-fl lii:;h ; anil liir Kirani-a. the ;.'ira(r-l mill inn.-it ti-rritif \iili-aiio on tin- tiinlit-. Hi. Till' Aini'rii-iin iiiiM»iiiiiai ii-s al tin- Siiinlwii-li i-Lmils li:ivi' it'iliiri'il till' laiiL.'iia;;i' iil lln- iiativi'.i to a urilli-n limn iiaii'lali-il lln- lliliii- ami nlhi-r liookN. i-ntiilili.-ilii-il i t QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAP. AFRICA.— UV,//^ sni on tlu- N. of Africii ! a>u the N.K. ? on tlif S.R. f (HI the S.W. nnd W. f M'hnt ira/rm arr cimnrrtpd, tiiiii irfint htiitf.i Ripiirtitt'ii, h\ thn dtrnits of Gibraltar 1 tiy tht- ftr»it» uf Biiltt'liniitnlfl ] "VV'lmt laiuls cuiuiccted fuiii v utt'rs Bepiirittoit hy tlie isthmus of. Suez? W'liut uiuuntiiius run Imui rast to west tbmuL'li the renter of Atrira / What is the part of the riinLre weit (if the NIl-ft cnlled f Ke. Wlint niountsiitiH run nlouL' the {'oast ipf thi- Meii- iterrnneaii/ What niountains alonu' the rimst of Smitli Afnea? In what zone is the trreater part ol" Afrtea ? Is the hirL-er I»art north or fioitth (tf tlie equator ? What eoiiritries [reail Iroin the niapi in the northi-m teinjierate zone ] What euuntries in the soutlieni temperate zone / What (Mipe at llie northern extremity? ensteni extremity? Boutliern? western? Wfiirh >i(iyj'rtnnvn\n} (iuaniafui (t-'ar'-flaf- Wel to the eape of 00 milei of the N'.W. eonst ? What group far oW the N.W. eeajit in the latitude fif Spain ? What trreatuulfon the western eoast ? What separate! Mad- neasrarfnjin Afriea? What larL'e lake near the center of Afriea? Whieh is the lonjjest river in Afriea ? Ne. Which next ? Nr Info irhnt iiriti r rliMi the Nllf empty ' the Niu-er fni'Jerl? Sen- e^'al ? (Jamhia .' ConL'o or Zuire ^ ttiaiiL'e river ? ZaniheMe r. ? /// ufnit )Kirt itf Aj'nnt. and im irhul aitint or river. \h Kl-^j pt ! Nnhia ? Abyssinia.' ('nHVaria? MonK-rn? Tripoli? Mo/.am hnpie ? Zan^Miehar? Ali-'ii-rs f Liberia? (iuinea ' Tunis ? Sou dan ? In wliat part ss the center ttf the continent; 2, The Aflux mnvnfninn, parallel with the shori' of the Mediterranean, at a Httle distance ; :). The (t'nat Ihsrrf. tilling more than lialf the space lit-tween these mouiUain ehaitm; 4. The AVc. with its narrow, ft-rtile countries, in the east ; 5. The A'.v-.-i-findA;iv Trh.f,}, wltlubt-ipext'-i.-tw, ff-nii- ...uhtri—, )..- tween thu mountainH of tlieMiMin and the Great Desert; ti. The sfrip of Jlat.ftrtth Innd aloiii: thr roaitU if U'cv/, South, find Knft AJricii ; 7. Till- Sni/ir mminfiiifig of Bouth Alrica ; and. ?^. The L'nknojrn rnjionn, between the 8now mountains and the mountains of the M(Ke. Whfft i» the fM.-e f.f th.. rt>M.(ry "? Any. Alt-n;: fhe rnnat, n fertile plain, fmm 20 to tiO miles wide, beyond wliich are three parallel mountain ranpes, separated by elevated plains from .M> to 100 miles wide, and cbietly desert. North of the Snow moutit- ains. the loftiest and most rr-niote of the three rauL'cs, tliu C4iuu- tr\' is mostly desert, except the Itoshuuna r-ountry ;a 1 30 fr ii«l 10 ^■f^^ KurMrA 11 Vrrhrlli-ll * Jllfl! , ' 10 ,, MniiriliiiK roil. Mr jT- Ilourtxtn 30 vo AliKli? Ann. • tirt'iit DfNf-rt liviili-.n Ann. rllici ill Ki'iii.. ( ''iiiiiitrii'pi ii) 11—11. Wlint 111 wlii'-li ili- twii riviTu ill wo, ill LiiwiT !■ Scii»'t,'ul ami rill .' till: cuilHl, flut i«. Nrnrly nil iri" till! priiici I tliu I'liuiitrj- ..* the rnnni, a lirli Hri' tliri'ii liliiiim IWiiii TtU ■ Siiiiw iiioiint- L'f8, tllU ClIUU- y A V II I r A, w i: s i' A [.' II I (; a. h o v t h a f it i o a, bast a v n i c a, &c. KAKT AKIIU'A — WliKliliiyim iiifmihy Kiut Alrirn ( ,lii«, | niill liutlior I'linl. iil'llm Diiiii'ii. Si. I'mil ./«■ /.nandd, In An- Tim liPUMlriin nil 111!' irnliTii ..(^ ll»l,.liimii,l..l. ll.iw !• Kii«t Alrl.ii ..ili.llvi.l.Mn ; C„„m,i„if, iilMiiit IDU liiilra In.iii III.. .„.i.l, i.< th.. cill.ilul ... lilt,,, 1 M-.., J /-r, ;r A-n, < H-ii, ... A-l. VV liiit I. „f ,\,|,„„„.,. ,„„, ,„/„„,,, „( |,„ti.,i,i..v. IhM. .... itl. till) iiri... iiiiil riv.'r I /.'. \V l.ut u llii. Iiu.i iil lli.i .'...intry f i , ..i v r., l i .. : i - . A,u' Nl. J lliu c-..,i.t. lUt u.1.1 r..rtilB i iu ll.u mtorior, uiUuioWu. , ' "'"'7, "' "'" ^ '«-'; "I"," '""" "'" """• " » '•»'«" "'«"' 1 _ mill /'.ii'.', II gri»ul Hluv.i'iimrk.'t. CKSTIlAf, AFHICA.-Wlmt lnr« Ukn liir.'iilrnl Afriin ? Wlirit larui. rivi.r f W'liiit iiitri.'B iM'twc-n Ink., 'r.'lm.! un.l till! Mil. ..1 tliu M.Nju I Wlmt .-...tiitriv* .lu lliu Nik.t / AFRICA. 1. AiVicri is noted lor lis Imrnini? rliinate. its vant (li'si'i'lH, luid lor tlio liiirk rolur and df- ^radcd i-hiiriiftci' of Its inhahitantH. 'J r.\i-f|tt lilt' i'i)iiiitrii-i4 iia till' MIn (iind wit iimy nitw ihIiI till llii< Ni^'iT). Kiini)iriiiiN kiitiw iiliiioHl iiolliing iil AlVn It lirytiiitl it hiiiiilrrt) iiuIch Imuii iIip (iiiuit. '■i Till' )tti|M|luritMi ii4 cuiiiiiHWM'il iliictly nf, I. ArftfiM iiU'l Mixirn, ulitMK-i-ii|ty I'tivpt, Hiirimn', iiiiil thf tniililli' |mrt lit Ci'iilnil Alrii'ii ; M. A'tvyro**, wlut (wTiiny tlif vvM ni' CiMilnil XtVtcti. hiitt IIh' wlntlt* nl' Kant uiiil Wt-nt AlVitii; uiiil, ;t. Tlif (*'i.lff'», nt'Stnith At'ricii. ■I, Till! Ariilw aiid MtMiM iirti MnlmmtncdiinN, niitl m\nv iil'llit'in run ri ml tlii< Koran uiiti ntlinr Artiliir htiokH. Thr nt'fjiDt'rt luiil ('iiiVri'(4 urn miokiIv |ni;.'iuiN, ami umm nl' ttinii Imvt* iiiiy iilpliiilM't or wriltt'ii lutif,'uii^'e. U. TIh' fiuvrriiincntH of nil lliti Amb, MmirUh, aud uopro (M>iinh'ii'N tiru iibHtiliitc (lrrt|intir*iiiM, {\. AlVicd IH \\w nMiiiIi>' of llif Mliivctnidr. Wiirn, and rircdator)* rxcuffioiw Inr Uii' imr|n)Nt' nl" making' Hlavi***, liavr H'i'ii altiiimt (^oiiMtaiitiv rarrifii oil lor cfiiturici* throii^'lmul Ktut. Wi-rtt, and (.'tiilral Africa. 7. \^riniltiirt' and tht* artM aro in n mori* dritrrHNcd Ntiiti* than in any otlifr ^rt-al diviHimi of i-ittirr rontnn'iil. H. Africa in noti'd for tin* ^,'rrat »i/(' of IIm Hfr|)i'iil>* and ft'iociotH bi'iiNttt, lutd fur tilt) uiimbcruiid dostructivn ptivvrr uf ilH iiiHi'cM. !»., Tlin 'yVr'-mtVfu. or Wbitr niilfl, nf tnipiral Afririi livo In lurL'o coniiniinitifr*, rr^nilarly diviitrd into nohlcH, hoI- diiTH, und tiiluircrrt, and build |iyraiiiidal sinicliiri's 10 or I'J tiM*t iibovo ground, and an tiir lirlow. hi the interior an* cliiiinlH'rH, for niirNfrif**, Htnn'-rooniM, \'c., conm-clfd bv Klair-wiiyi*. piiriHa:.'c-way'«, and briilu'i'M, all linnly at-ilifil and ccnit'iitt^d. rivaling in niaunitiiib^ llii> lioiihCH of tin- nalivi'H, mill ill arcliili'cinnd nkill and urriui^i'iiitMil llic most prrftict wurlui uf civiliiCi-'d man. fJHrnhon».—\. For wlmt In Wcit AfrlrA nntPil T 9. \\%U m Mfffi/of HuTtH I.tMair t :i. ot Lilicriii \ I. of Kimi|itriiici)>al diviNJoNM art-, 1. ('a|ii- Ctiloiiy. 2. Ciif- frariii. W. Tin* country of llic Uoslnianati. \\. i'npf <.'itiint'f,\>Uiiitvt{ by llit- Dntclt in Hl.'»(», wiiM cnp- Inrt'd in UtlKi by tlii> llritinli, wlut Niill ictaiii it. 1 Till' laniU of till' colony an- occniiinl cItirHy w ^rii/- in;; farniA by Dnicb boorN, who rnipltiv as In'rilHrni'ii nc- ^'roi'H und llot.fntotM, fonni'rly hIuvi'm, now rinaiK ipatt-d. it. Tin lliif/i nfotg, onct) rcirardi'd a** the iiiohI df^'radnl tif llin hiiiiiiin r.|>fcio«, havr iu'vn iinuli impiuvfd by lln" labopM of riiri^tiini missioiiarii's. (». Till' Hunhmfii aro wild Hottentots, who Hvc mi»tMablv in tho monntainrt, and Hnbiist panly b\ prrdalory ineiu^ionH into tliu colony and adjoiain;/ conntricN. 7. Tlu! Ciijf'ri'H, who inhabit ('liMiaria.iin^ ii noHtunU pei*- |tt<', iii'irly lui dark m* lU'^'rors, but a tiiir, nianlv race, I H. Till' Himhitiin'uH Jiio of thf CullVf (kal'-ftT^ race, urr ■■ IhiiIi |)astia-al anil u;;ricnttiiral, and live in lur^^n tuwnn tor i better iiriitection a^'ainst hoslih< nei;.'hborM. I !(. Wool, 1 1 I.-., ithd wine in Hniall tjiiantity from viiie- I yards i.car <. i^tulowii, uru tliu chief exports. Caprtows, tho rnpitul of Cnpn Colony, and larf»rHl Kii- ropeaii Hettlenient in Africa, ih the best place of rufrosh' meat for tthips butwuun Kurope and thv Kiut Indius. ^ 67 iiliitiiHi uf tumt* MtHl.DiHI Anitm niitl nt*^nwrt ; and lltrguo, farth4|>idons (vnintricH, unknown tilt lately to the civilized world. 'J. lleceiil traM-leiM liiid that the principal kiimdorm arn Hitrmni', l.'ufi/nn, and Ilrifhtinni', on laKe Tihad ; Afun- ilnrra, miUIIi of nornoii ; Ui>u)i'h(I, an exleiiHive cininlr) be- Iween Horiioii luiil the Ni|/er ; Vftt-'rihit >uid Mifjfn, tni llio bt)Wer Ni^ur, very fertile, cultivated, utul |MipnlouHi and Ititm/iitrni, on the I'pper Ni^'er, abounding in ^old. 3. A miijoritv of the |K>pulalion are ne^'roen; but the rul- ing people in lloiissa are lellatahs, or Nbiors, who nii;:r>t< ted from Barbaiy many cenliirieH api, and at one period had siibju^'aled nearly nil the Me;^'roeH etwt of the iNif:er. t. The MiHii-H are NfobainnHMlaim ; and liircod their reli- gion upon the conquered ne^^rues, who Htill retniii it e\t ii where they have thrown otV the Moorinh yoke. The uu* gnies west tif the .Ni^«'r are i^enenillv pafraiiH, Ti. The wul is well watered und fertile, und the Hiirfuru rto variett in idevation, that the climate ripens in ditlerent pnrtA the products of both the torriil and temperate /oucm. Itice,cotlon, indi;.'o,und wheat are all mised in abuiiilaiice. H. Tht» nef:nirs are mori- civili/ed than in any other pari f)f Africa. They piuclice rudely a;.'ricnltiire and wimr ol* the arlj4, and in Nyll'e and t.o^'umi carry tho maiu'tactuirt of coiion uihmIs to f.Teat perfeclion. 7. l)ancinL', music, and tawdry ornaments* are chamc* turislic of tliu iiej^roes here, a.H in tiiher pails of Africa. AfWn of t fit! iirmilt-n, or It'/iile Anln. Qut'ntion*. — 1. For wlmt is Africa noletl ? 'J, What in known of Alnca \ 'A How in the |H>[iulalitin cliiHHeil .' 4. reliuioiiH \ :*. ^ovenuiieiits / t!. W'hitt iK sunt of the slave trade ? 7, of ni;ri' cuiturv und the arts J ti. anhnalii f !>. of the whito ants I WEST AFRICA. T. West Africa is occupied by many netfro tril)es,and is the threat tlieateroftlie slave-trade. 'J. Sii:rii\ Lko'nk is a colony of free iie^riM-s established by Hrilisli philanthropists in 17117, and liiw cost the llritinh j;ovenimenl i;:i.f)(li),))()0. Kreettiwn is .he capital. A. Liiik'hia, estalili.-'hi'd by Americans in JM'JI, is com- |M>rted (tf free blacks from llie 1'. States, ami of Al'ricaus re- capttired from Hlave-yessels. Monrovia is the capital. 'I. The Knulish, Krench, Dulcli, Daiu'tt. and l'ortui.'nese havi* small Kettlemeiils, t!>rtH, or fucturicH, uluii<,' the cmust, for trade with the ualiyes. r». Commerce consists chiefly in the e\chanj;e of ^tild. iv()ry, ^iims, camwoinl, palm oil, and wlaveM, liir cottons, wooleiLH, mm, and f^unpowder. (i. In Asliantee' and Oah'oiney. when tlie kin;; dies, his wives, often si^veral tlioiisand in number, and his principal otVuM'rs of NtJile, art^ put to death, uiiiler the delusion tliat they will follow ami wait upon him in the other world. 7. Here yt'ows the hirfjest tree of iho forest, the iniLdity Jhiiibah. which uttaius im the bunk- of the Sen'eL'al ;*') f-'t in iliaineler, with marka uf sevend thou.sand years of u^'e. tit. Lonif, on an i-tlaiid of the Senegal, is the strtm:;liolil of the Freiicli; KImi'ua, on tho (Jnld ciiasl, of the Hutch; Capt coast cuat'.v, furllicr vmaX, uf the Uuylish; and Accnt, Kurr frfnttirr' ,Mtinhou\ and /.affitkno' are tho chief towns uf tho Uusliuanart yet known to Kuropetuis. Qiivxtinns. — 1. For wlmt is S. Africa notctl ? U. iliviMiotm ? :i. l\'httt in ji(/j(/nl the Ciijie Coliiriy ? i.(H'ca[miioiiM of the coUinistK ! :>. IIiiitentMts f i\. Hashait'ii I 7. CiiHVch .' 8. Uoshuiuiiu I 'J. cx- |M)ria f Whuic, 4iii(t tor wlmt uulud, Cnpctown T tSte. EAST AFRICA. 1. Little is known of Ivist AtVica, by Euro- peans, beyond the ports on tlie const. 'J. The chief ports on the coa.-it of .Mo/. vMiiUiCK, vi/.. In- h'lmtunif, Sofii'/it, Qiii//iiiuin»', and MozanihufHt' , wvv held' by the l*ortu;;iiese, who have small fiirt^ to prot^-ct their Imdt; with the nativen tin* ^'ohl, ivory, aiul slaves. II. On the coast of Zanoikh ak', the port.s ttf Quilio'a, Momha'zd, ami Mfliu'da, formerly held by the rorliifiiiese, were lon^ since wrested from them by tlie Aiabti of Mus- cat. Mntsiiiivy'i has always been held hy tho natives, and the other ports belong' either to native jirinces ur to thetial- law, a warlike tribe who have ravui,'cd the whole country from /aiii^iiebar to Abyssinia. -1. Tho coast of Ajan is ^'enerally sandy aiitl barren. r>. Bukiik'ua has been in all au'es the country of invrrli, fninkincenw, and fni^rnmt fiuins (called .\nibian, because received throiiL'h Anibia). Of Aoki. little is kiitiwn. (j. The surface, soil, <-limate, productions, and ]H-ople of Kaat Africa slronu'ly resemble those of the western coa.st. Qu4'sttotts. — I. What is knowri of K. Atricn? 'J.priiicipnl port.s of Mn/,iiinhii|ut', uiiil li\ wliuMi held f :). ptnts ot Zatn-'iiihiir. aiul hv whom hel.l ? -1. li'fi't/ is s.ii-l of Ajan f :.. u\' Hcrlu-ra / of Aili'l I u. siM-f.ice. Jtc.. of I-:. Africa ? SAHARA, OR GREAT DESERT. 1. Safi'finr, or liie fireat Desert. :llH)() miles loni: ami HUM) broad, covers the whole uf N.irth Africa from tho Ited si'a to the Atlantic, except the narrow strips aloiii^ the river Nile and the Allius mounlains. 2. \ few spots, called oases, where npnitLrs burst forth and ditfuse ferlilily, are scattered »»ver this immense v\- panse, like islands in tho (»cean, and serve us reslin^'-placos tor caravans. II. The larijest oases are Frzztiti'. wmth of Tripoli, and depenilent u|iOii it ; Durfjir', wu^t of AbyK-^inia. with u pop- ^.ijp'^ JfomniM fi'tti Mimic of the Mi^rutt. TimliHctiut' , near the ureat liend ol the Ni^'or, i-^ the tttu- tioii of caravans to and from Uarbaiy I •/''"/"', on tl ■ I'pper NiL'er. a lai'p' tradin;: town; (S«/cr.//t»/>', the chief city of the Kellalahs. and largest town in Central Africa ; and Kunu, tho centi'r of civili/ation and internal coimnerco. Cfin'/ttionii. — I. For whiit in Ceatrnl Africa iioteil ? 2. How ilivitleil i :i. claHsi'N uf the |sipuliition .' -1. rcliL'itPii ! 'i. loil ? [iro- tJacliiMiH ? 'i. Biulcofihe aitit 1 7. customs f Where, iSlc, Tiui- buctuu / Ac. AFRICAN ISLANDS. I. The largest islands on the eastern coa-st are Mtifhtts'iS' r«rand thf Cinn'-oro './ Vrdurf, lornuTly llie jrreat slron;;hohl of Kniiico in the liastern seiii*, wma captured in KiKI by the Itritish. wh(» still retain it. 5. IiiHir/>on is noted for its su^jar and coftec. and lor a volcano which con.Htaiitly throws up lii-e, smoke, and ashes. (I. The Azorrs, ur Wmti m i.iian'is, nearly etpiiil.slant from Ijirope. Africa, and America, are a tonvonient rosoit for vessels navi^aliiu: the Atlantic. 7. Mu>icir>i, lulled liir its tine wines, consists of a lofty mountain with many peak.s. and the slopes on all sides cc)yered wilh rich veiietalion. !!. The ('tni'r'ri<». tor their line climate und soil, were called bv the ancients the Vorfuiintt- tnh\t. Ti»irijr<\ tho largest, is noted for its peak, l'..i.()(10 feet lii^di ; and l\ rr-->. the most westerly, is tiikeu by some gungniphors Ibr a first meritlian. y. .sV. tfrlr'nii. a rock. OR miles in circuit, and preseiitin^^ ail evciT side in \hv sc;i pcqu'iiilicuiar waiis frrm tiOO tc 1200 feet bi^'h, wtus the ju-ison of Napoleon llonapaiie. Qtir^tionf. — I. ('hi>f ifJttmU. tnul their mrtu-rs, on the eastern coast ? •-'. tin the weatcni coast ? Ii. What U nutd vi Mailugtis- car ? Miiaiilius ? ».Vc. it. *.-w^i»»i«'B^*?'''*a»'«M'ii>-'*«««»«iW**»**' ■-•«>*^t' C3 LJ A It ii A Ji V S T A T K ;• AND E Ci V llUII \ i 1^ /,'(/, I lA- I S,k„h \»i I N^ j/f.'iti/t/t Ulisititiil K/l/ll/l"-,^ O * Ij 'I'lllH .l,i,i''li Sr;ilcinMil.'S. I .F C Z Z A N .- ' ■' ft /f, ^ , . ,! '"" I li'" ■ ■".■^ ■ ra rripiiu ,:, , ,' r ],()ir'.iiiiOi> \Vi'\l i iir)iii l>rrcii< l.uuiitrt.le K.islj uoui llmi'iivm li 1,» QUESTIONS AND EXERCISES ON THE MAP. HARHAIIV.— N'-nif \\\v tivu Miirlmry stiif.v^ in nnior. iM'-in- niiiJ ill tilt' west. WImt sea im tlif N. ? W'liiit. uii tlu' S. / Whii'li ot thi-m iMjnlcrs oii \\w Atlaiitii- f What cniintry in lln^ (rrei:. Ut'Sfrt beliHUfinu' to Tripnli ? Fu. Wliiit L'liif iK'tw.-rii Trijioli iimi Biiroa ? What L'ulfim tin; cnast cpf Tuiis ? What nutmitaiiis traviTsc llarban- Inun Vfv^t tit eiist .' Ari' tlif re any lai-.M- rivers in Hnrlmry ] What Itfoniuea uf tho rivers that rise uii tlif s'j'ith siiie of tlu? A this i-Iiaiii ? What is tho face ol'thi' (■(luntry .' Ant. Tho Atlas mnuntnius pass throu^h the country i'rnni Slnnicen to Trijioli, leaving' he- tweeii them and the coast a t'ertiiu phiiii, t'rom .'iD to l.')U miles \viile,au'i hetween them ami the desert some tiiiely-wntereiival leys. In Morocco there are pinnailes lit.oui) lee't hit:h ; in Al- u'iers nnriTunis they seldom exceed ;ii)m» or lUOO ; and in Tri|ioli the whole ranue i:raihially subsides to the level (dlhe di-sert. //( fi'hti.' s/afi\iiiiif on what curisf, is Mo. 'adore ? :?alli'e ? Derni' ? Cyrene .' Oran f TaiiLrier f Al u'iers ^ Tripoli.' 7;/ nluif }.lafr is Fez ? Mequinea ? Constantiiia \ Kairwaii .' Mourzouk ? KtJYPT— How bounded on the N. ? E. ? R. ? W. ? What IS rhe face ot' tlie country ? Aiifi. Tho Nile runs fnun south to north, throiiL:h the whole of Upper Kunpt. without re- eeivinir a siiude tnhutan.-. and then dividiiiL', enters the Mediter- ranean by many mouths, formini^ what is called its Delta. It ter- tit.zes a narrow belt upon its banks. 4 (tr 5 miles wide, beyond which sandy deserts exteml to the eastern and western iNtrders. What is "the capital of KL-yjit ? Where is ('aim ? Alexan- dria ? Hosetta ? liamielta ? Suez? Cosseir ? At:5uauu f ruius uf Thebes \ ruins of Berenice \ XTBIA. — How bounded \ What is its trrent river? What two rivers form the Nile \ priMci|ial trilmtarv . ami al'tiT- waril liy thu I',iiL'li>h. and in"li;:i() was ciini|ni;iTd liy tl:r . I'rincli. wlio niiw Imld tlii' ciMinli'y iw a cfildtiv. i ;t. TIjr climalc uS Barli.iry is trnipiTati' aTid pleasant, but \ till' pla^'iip iicciisiiinally inalii's aul'ill i-a\ii;;i's. '\. W'llt.Mt and harlcy arc llic sliiplf piodintinns. t)at('- 1 tn !■» coviT llii' cciiiiiliy sniitli iil' Ml. Alias In sii.li an I'Xtullt ! that it is calliMl liili'diiliri'rid. nr the ('(jiinlry nt' dates. 5. J.nciistri nrcasiunally ijinve in dense masses over the eoiinlrv, deslrnyiiil.' every f.'r(.'en thin;,'. j ■; .Salt sii iiliiiiinds thrniiL'lioiit Tunis that generally the oii.y water 111 liir drinkiim is raiinyater. 7. Aurieiiltiiri! and the arts are in a liaekward slate. B. f'Diniiieive is carried mi liy sea with Diinipe, and Iiy caravans ainiss llii' desert with the iiiterinr iil' Al'riea. It. The piipiiluliiiii enihraees, 1. M,ti,rx. the riilin;.' peii- pli'. whii liiriii the niit.ss iit' llie popihilinn in the cilii's and cultivated district.s; 'J, Jiws, who siihsisl chielly liy trade ; .'1. Ai-'tJif, will) live in tents imti wander with their tlnrks in the interiiir; 4. Hnlii'i-.i, a riidi', hi vilhi-'cs In the inunntains. U). Hiirseniansliip is the pride and amnseiiient nl the Muurs and tlu'ir luats in this art are tillen wdiidertid i A'lH/sruii ilta tij f/lt' Minn.^. II. The ^'jveniinents are ahsniiite despetisnis. and the Ijiiperiir III' .Mnrnccii will not pennit even his own pniinise til lie a check upon his power. " Takest thou me liir an inliilel," .said one of them to u foreigner, " that I niu«t lie the slare of my word."' I Moitocro, nn n fertile plain at the foot of tlie loftiest part of Mount All.is. is the ra|Hl..l of the empire of .Moiih'- co. />;. once noted for its mairniriience and its scliooN. j is still venenited hy .MohainincilaMs as a holy citv. Mn/ui- 1 ni'z (iiiek'-e-iiez) is one of the residences of the Kmperor of Mnnicco. Mnfrndnre' and llalml' are the principal sea- ports of the em|iiie. Siilire' was once the terror of llie seas on iKoiint of its ]iii iti s Tmiaiir' is tin iisidimi of 1 uiopi m lonsnls, I urnehi (la i usli), tin aistnd ol Mu j lotLo , and Ccu la, u lortrcsa bidoiifiin); to 8pnin EGYPT. 1. Erryptisnf)te(lastlieci'a(Ileorie;inuiisr.ind tiie arts. ^M-andinoiiumeiits of which still i-eiiiain. 'J. The p;/rnmi'ls, the most stiijiendoiis work of inar,, built no (1111) knows when, or for what object, are on the west side of the .Nile, near (.'aim. The largest is (ii)3 feu' sipiare at the base, and .Mtit feet high I II. The i.'^/tkitix is a huge inonster, w itb the head of a man and body of a beast cut in the solid rock near one of the jiMimids tormeiK only tin head was visible; but, the sand linin,.; bi t n (liaud aw i\ the body is found to be IJ I ti I t loll,, and a ti iiiph ol some si/e has bi.'en dis- roNtitd bctwitn the leg*, and another in ono of the paws. 1 !'!'■ npyiiig "J iij AlJim:i. .■\r.c,iEKs', built on the declivity of a hill, with hoii.ae" and streets rising successively above eai.'h other. presenliiiL' a line spectacle from tin' sea. is the capital of the terrilorv of .Vk'iers. C>..,.^(nnli'iin is next to the capital in strength nnd importance. Trcmrcm' is the chief place in the West- ern district ; Or/in', a sirong plaei'. formerly held by .Sjiain ; and fiolKt is noted for the coral li>hei-y. Te'.vis. the eapil.il cif the state of Tunis, is the largest eity in liarliaiy. and the tirst in comnierce and manufac- tures. 77(C minx nf (',irlliiii;f. once the misliess of the seas, and the rival of Itome, are on a promontory 10 miles N.I'., of Tunis. KairiciiH' is niiti d fur the most iiiagniKcent mosipie in .M'riea. Tmr'oi.i. the capital of the state of Tripoli, is noted '' r it.^ trade by caravan with the interior of Africa. Dtll.vK, the I'apiliil of liana, was captured by the Amer- ican (ieneral liatoii, in 1IU).'>, Cyn-iie' is noted liir its ruins, and esjiecially its totnbs. Qiirli?*iW"'/"' i^R? rt::' narriH-\ 3"' Js^^ ennuiiijrand still remain. work of mar., ■ct, are on the ^est 18 (iy3 fc'u* head of a man ear one of the ■\\\i\v ; Imt. tlio is fouml to ho IniH been dis- lu of the puws. • rains, and in Iral AtVii-a. Iic- •' \\x full height leaving a rich I rottf n, ' A rah,. Tim ent KiJ^-ptians; ire the riilin;; iirkfv. Iiii* lior ipiiTinL' Nnhia Diti th<> Sultan |n.vvrrs of !ji- to the Kultaii :i'st city in Af- s with Central Alvxnn'dria, the port from whii is canied on, was once the moat i Among its ruina still stand Pomp ^ Neodle, both of fine granite, the tirst iio and the last OB feet high lich the tnidc with Kurope I tho nyrnmids 1 'A. the ti^ihiiix ? 4. the cliniiite I d. the Nile ? (i. | aplendid city in tho world. ? fltaplo imxiarts ? 7. 1'lansrH ul' the people ? 8. political condition tey'n Pillar and rieopatni's I "' ^'^'yi't f Where, uiul lor what noted, Cain) ? Alexiuidria ? ie. tifKt (l.'i Hint tlii> limt Tilt t'pi't 1 NUBIA. 1. Xnl)ia, like E^y])t, abounds with mag- iiliicent inoniitnentH ot*an('ient art. S. The '.nr>st noted nunmineiit is the temple of Ipsam'bul, on the Nile, cut out of the holid rock, and adorned on tho indidu with coluHsal statues, and painted Rculptures repro uenting coRth^s, battles, triumphal j>ruce»Hions, &c. ; while uu the out>«ide are tour coIosm, larger than any M^itlptnred figures in Kgvpt except the Sphinx, one of them measuring, fruni the heel to the top of the cup, (ij fetJt. Pompty's Pillar. CUopatra's yeaile. RoHct'ta and Ihtninf't/i, at the principal moutlia of the Nile; and Suez, at the head of the Red sea, are places of i Home commerce; Hiouf (se-oot) is the Rtatittn of the cara- 1 vans for Nubia and Darfur; Thebes and Den'dvru arc noted for magnifierut ruins; Cossf.ir' has a |xior harbor on the Ked sea, and Berenice, now in ruins, was once the emjiori- long by 151) with*; and near Shendi are 40 pyramids, sup- mn of the trade with India. i posed to be more ancient than the pyramiils of Kgypt. 4. Thi." ShillnkH are ni'groes \\\\n eonijuered Sennaar in Q,uestioru.—\. Vox- what is Egypt noted .' a What is said of , 1j04, and are still the ruling people. TcwpU uf Iptambul. interior oj' the TempU. 3. Near Meraive are 7 or 8 temples adorned with flcul|>- tures, hieroglyphics, &.C., the largest of which is -luO feet by 151) with; New Dongola was the capital of the Mamclukps after they wore driven from Kgvpt ; Shendi is the chief dep6t of tho slaves and gold bnnigiit by the car-avans from Ct^ntral Africa; Seunanr', tho capital of the kingdom of Senuaar ; Aiais (a-Iu'), the capital of the Sliilluks, and Sua'kin, the chief |M)rt on the Keil sea. Quest iiius.--\. Fur what is Nubia noted? 2. llTiai is said of the teinple of Ipsuinhul f :j. of iiionuniciita near Mcruwo and r?hcndi .' -i. uf the rihiUuks .' F-jr what noted, New Dongola ? Ac. ABYSSINIA. 1. The Al)yssiiiiaiis are the only people in Africa who liave long professed Christianity. 2. Circumoiiiion, ami otlier JewiHli obner\'anceB, with >*i)nw idulaUy, are inixffl up with tiieir CliriMlimiity. 3. Tiieir nmnnors aru jict'iitious and (crooious. Tliey kill ) a( li iitiuM* without C(Uii[)uncti()n on slif^ht occlusions; niiiJ at their I'ciists eat the raw tlcsh ol' animals Just slain, whilu tho hloful is wann. 4. Tho (ialla, a rare of warliko savapes, have recently coiu|Uore(l tho southern and centml provi'iiccs. 5. The government is a des[iotism. Agriculture and the arts are in a nido state. Go.v'dar, the ca|>ital and largest rity, has a handsome stone palace and 100 churches. Ado'wa, the cni)ital of Tifire (to-gm'). maiuifiictiu'es cotton goods and knives, Ax'um is noted for its inoiiumenls, anions; which are '10 obelisks, one 80 feet hii;h. Afnx'uak, on the Red sea. now in the hands of the I'acha of K.L'ypt, is the port through which .Xhyasinia receives most of her foreign goods. Qiicslians.—I. For nhot is Abyssinia noted 1 2. rcliyiun ? ?. nianiicrs ? 4. Who are tho Gullu ? 5. govurnuieut .' ice. For I wirnt noted, Goniiur? Ac. GEIERAL AID COM PAR AT I YE VIEWS OF VARIOUS SUBJECTS OF GEOGRAPHY. I. OF THE WORLD, THE ATMOSPHERE. 1. Common air, or th(^ atmosphere, is a hue, invisible, elastic fluid, sunounding the earth, and extending some miles above its surface. U. Tlie higher you a.icend the rarer is tlie atmosphere, and on the tops of the highest mountains it is so thin that animals can scarcely breathe it. 3. The air is expanded by heat and contracted by cold, and these changes put it in motion, the warm air jwcend- ing, and the culd air rushing in to supply itj^ {)lace. Questions. — 1. What is the otinosplu ve ? 0. \Vlint difference is tliere between tlie air in the higher and lower regions of the atmosphere 1 3. Wlmt causes niotiuu in the uir .' WINDS. 1. Tho motion of the air is called Wind. 2. The winds in a great part of the tornd zone, cspecial- ly on the ocean at a distance lrr)m land, blow eonstantlv ii-om the ejist, and are called trade winds, because they facilitate trading,' vityngi^H. 3. The trade winds are caused partly by the diurnal mo- tion of the earth from west to east, and partly by the heal of the sun rurefyinj; the air within the tropics, and causing' currents to rush hi to restore the eipiilibriuni. 4. Under the eipiator the trade wiufls are due east ; and as you go from the etiualor toward the north, they incUne to northeast, anil toward the soutli t(( southeast. 5. Ill liie Indian ocean the tnule winds are curiouslv iiHHlitied by the surrouiidini: land. Helween llie southern tropic and \{i S. hit., where there is little land to disturb the motions of tlie air, the rej/ular trade winds ]>revail ; Imt north of this last parallel southwest winds, accompa- nied by rain, prevail from April to October, and dry, nortli- vrt^t winds, from October to April. These winds are called tnonsonn.^, and the chaufze from one monsoon to an- other is attended by violent storms. 6. Hi^^h lands iaterriipt the course of the trade winds. Under tlie lee of i e Afriran sliore, for exanijile, near the Cape \'erd islands, calms and variable winds prevail; ami the hifty barrier of ilie Andes shelters the sea near the western coast of Smitli America, tut thiit ships dn not feel the trade winds till tlu-y are (JO leaLTues from the nhore. 7. In the temperate and frigid zones the winds are vari- able, blowiu;,' irrejinlarly, sinnetinies from caie point and fiometimes from another. a. When ihi' wind moves at the rate of i or .** miles an hour it is a ^'entle breeze; at the rate of l.'i or 'JO miles, a brisk fiide; af the rate ef :iO miles, a hi;^h wind; and at the rate of 100 miles, a hurricjine or tornado. 9 Hnrritfanrs are "enerallv whirlwinds, eonfinrd to n narrow patli. with n proijressive motion, sometimes of only 10 or IT) miles an hour. 10. Hurricanes are more frecpien* and destructive in the West Indies, and on the shores of China and Farther India, than in any other part of the world. In China they are called tiiphoons. 11. The iftlands and shores within the tropica are refresh- ed by sea and land breezes; the sea breeze, or wind from the sea, always blowing during the day. and the land breeze, I or wind from the land, during the ni^'lit. i I'J. In Africa and Arabia a hot, pestilential wind, called the simninn. or samiel, and the kamsift, blows at certain soq.- I sons from the parched ih'serl.'i In Italy it is modified by I pa^sing over the Mediterranean, and is called the sirocco. ' Questions. — l."\Vlmt is wind ? ■..'. What arc the trriilc winds, I and where do they prevail .' ;J. Wlmi causes the trmli' winds.' j 1. In what direction do the trade winds hlnw ? .^>. Where do I the monsoons prevail ' Which way do they blow .' (i. What is [ the eH'ect of hiuh lands on ihe trade winds .' 7. Where do va- ; riahle winds previiil ? H. Af vhitl rate d'M.* the wind more in a ' hrceze ! in a gale .' in a hurricane .' !'. \\'ha( art' Iiurricnucs ? , 10. Where are hurricanes most frequ.'iit? II. What nrp sea ; and land breezes, and where do thev prevail > l:i. IVhal is the siiaooin, and where does it prevail 1 the sirm'co? I j Ri.tN. I 1. Rain is very nneipnilly liislribiiled to the difleront I parts of the glo()e. It is generally more abundant the nearer you approach the equiitor. j 2. Under the eipiator the deptli of min wliicli falls annu- j ally is nsuiilly about !m; inches; and as you go toward the I jniles it diminishes, till at the latitude of (10 it is only 17 j inches ; but the number of niiny ilays increases with the { latitude. j ;i. In the torrid zone the mins, like the winds, occur reg- I iilarly i;t certain seasons of the year. The rainy seasfui. ' north of the eipiator. lasts from .\pril to October; and south i of the ecpiator. from October to April. j 4. In the vicinity of cape Verd there is an extensivr tract [of sea wliere opposite winds meet, producing perpetual I calm and perpetual rain. 5. In Kgypt, I'eifl, and Chili there are large districts in which it never rains. Questions.—]. Where in rain moat nbinidnnt? •:?. What dep*h ; of rain fulls atttmallt/ »t the ri|uator ? at the latitude of tiu- ? I Where is the irrcalest nuinher uf rainy days ? :i. In what part j of the world are the rains reKuIur ! 'When is the rainy season in the pnrt of the (nrrid zone north of the e.pintur ? 4, In wlmt ! port of the wiirld does it rain perpetuidly I C>. In what couu- I tries is there nu ruin .' I TEMPERATURE. [ j I. The tempe'atiire of any re^-inn depends ehielly upon 2. In proportion as ym go from theecpiator to the poles rlie cohl inrrea.M'>; and in proportion as you ascend above the level of the sea the cold increa.'^es. 3. In the tonid zone low countries are hot and iinhealtby, but eoimtries ehnated fiOOO or 8000 feet above the sea en- joy perpetual spring, while at the lieighl of 13 or 14,000 leet the climate is the same as in the frigid zcme. 4. Under the equator mountains more than 15,000 feet hi^h are covered with perpetual snow; and the line of per- petual congelation continually descends as )ou go toward the poles. In latituile 40-^ it is about !)000 feet above tho level of the sea; in latitude 50^, about 0000; and in lati- tude CO-^, only 3000 feet. Qticsfionfi. — 1. On what two thintrs does temperature chiefly depend ? 2. As you l'ii from the eipiator dues the climate be- come warmer or colder ? Where is it colilest, at the top or bot- tom oi a hii-'h niountuin f 3. Ju the torrid zone, irhat is the tem- pera/ tire of low countries ? of countries C or COUO feet above the sea? of places 14,UUU feet above the sea? 4. How hivh above the sea is the line of /vrpctiial snotv under the eijuator / in lat. ■10- .' in lat. tiu' i THE SEA. 1. The sen. in its widest sense, embraces tne five oceans, and all the gulfs and other large bodies of sidt water di- rectly connected with them. 2. It is commonly esthnated that the sea covers about three (piarters of the surface of the globe. 3. One f:reat use of the sea is to equalize the temperaturo of the ghtlie. Water has a great capacity for heat, and by the currents of the ocean the water lieateil within the trop- ics is earned to the borders of the frigid zones. 'i. The sea at the distance of 4 or rjOfl miles around tho poles seems to be constantly covered with ice, and mount- ains of itH.', called icehert^s, rising sometimes 100 feet above the water, are often floated by winds and currents far with in the temj)erate zcnies. 5. The vapors raisi^l by the heat of the sun from the ocean form clouds, which are carried by winds to far dis- innt regions, where they give nut their heat to the air, and their water to feed rivers, plants, and animals. 0. Another great use of the sea is to facilitate intercotirse and eonmierce between distant nations, bulky and heavy articles b^'ing rarried across the sea in ships with great ra- pidity and at little expense. Questions. — 1. Wlint is the sen ? 2. How much of the earth's surface is covered by the sea ! 'i. How does the sea nlli-ct tem- perature ? 4. How are wann rejrions made colder f f). How are cold regions niaile warmer? ti. Of what use is the sea in commerce ' TIDES. . . . . 1- Tides are the regular rise and fall of the water in tho Its distance from the equator, and its elevation above the sea twice every 25 hours. level of the s©u ■ o The tides are caused chiefly bv the attraction nf th*» I ,«.«.-*%«»?|;««.'^»«!e»«i*?< ■im--^: -vwllillwSWje?!*" 70 GENERAL VIEWS, &c. iiui.m, lull pnrlly by llial of ilii: sin; luui mv liigliest when tlif 8IML iiiiii iiioiin iiri! cm llic miiiii' sule ol' ilie wiilh, 3. 'J'lie luM^'lii ii. whiili lilt; liile rises in any pliico de- poniJs imicli on iIili simpe ol tiiu iiuiil' iif:iiinst which the great tiile wave strikes; Ihu highest titles in ihe miildle tif the I'auillc oeeiui being only 5 leet, while in seme tuniiel- shapeil chuimeU, as in the bay of Fiiutly anil part of the British chaimel, they rise to the height of 40 feet, and even higher. Qiiestimm.—l. What are tiilcs 7 2. What causes tlio tides I n. On what Hues the heii;ht of the tide depeudl Where are the highest tides 1 0UHRENT3. 1. Witliin the tropics the truile winds cause a current across the raeilie, Inilian, and Atlantic oceans, generally from east to west, but inoililied in dilferent parts of its course by the .■thape of the land, and by other currents set- ting in from the I'olar seas. 2. After doubling the cape of Good Hope this current runs north to the Cape Verd islands, and there turns west, passes through the Caribbean sea, between Cuba aiitl Yu- catan, round tlie Mexican gulf, through the straits of Klor- ida, and altnig the shores of tliu United States (where it is (■alleil the Gulf stream) to Newfoundland. At this point it is urneil to the southeast by a polar current, iiiiil, passing the Azores and Canary isles, returns in a great measure into itself. 3. One branch of this current runs east into the Mediter- ranean: another sinilli, altnig the shores of Brazil, anti through the straits of .Magellan into the Pacific ; and oth- ers still are so modified by the polar currents as to form immense whirlpools, embracing large portions of the ocean. 4. Smaller whirlpools, caused by titles and currents meet- ing in narrtiw passages, are very dangerous, often drawing in slii|>s anil ilashing them uiinn the rocks. The most eel- ebratetl of these are the Maelstrom tin the eotust of Nor'.vav, and Charylidis in the straits between Sicily and Italy. Question!*. — 1. In what direction does the ffreat current of the sea run ? y. Can you describe its course after doubling the enne of GtKitl Hope ? '-i. Can you tiescribe the course of any of tlie branches of this cuiTent ? 4. How are small whirliitxil's in the SCI formed ? What calamity tlo tlioy sometimes oeeiisiou ? Name the most celebrated of tliese dangerous whirlpools. VEGETABLES. 1. The number, size, anil luxuriance of vegetables are greatest in the torrid zone, and diminish as you go toward the poles. Q. Among the most remarkable vegetables of the toniti zone are, the sagn palm, which yieltls a juiie so thick antI uutrilious that it is used for food; the breait-fruil-trcc antI plantain, which proilucea fruit resembling breail ; the leak of India, which is used tor slii|) building, and surpa.sses even the oak in finnness and dut^bility; the mighty Bao- bab, which grows on the banks of the Senegal, and "attains a circumference of CO and TO feet ; anil the great /na palm of Intlia, one leaf of wliieU will cover ten or a dozen men. The torrid zone also yields the most fragrant apices and the most luscinn/tfrnifs. 3. The lower latituiles of the temperate zones yield the vine, from the fruit of which wine is made; the mulberry. on the leaves of which the silk-wone feeds; the olive. which ])roduces sweet oil; wheat, barley, and other nutri- litiiis grains; ami cotton, which is now more extensively used for cUtthing than anv other material. 4. In thi; hiu'her latitudes of the temperate zones wheat grows with tlitriLulty, but oats. hemp. antI //nx are raised in perfection ; tbt^ pa.stures aie rich antI verdant with i;ras.i ; the forests yield the oak, the ash. the elm, itc, and the apple, pear, cherry, currant, gooseberry. &c.. are abundant. 5. In the frigid ztmes, and in some countries even as low as the parallel of 60'. nature assumes a gloomy and deso- late aspect. The pints andyirj at first rear tlici ■ tall lieails, and cover the hills with their constant mantle of dark green, but as you ailvance towaiil the north every species of veg- etable which yieltls food to man entirely fails; and nothing appears but dwarf trees, bushes, and mosses. Questiiint. — 1. In what zone is veeetation most luxuriant ? 2. Nnine some of the most notetl veuetahles of llie torritl zone. What is said tif the sa-jo palm ? of the hrc-aii fruit-tree f of the I teak? of the Baobab ? fan i- itiii ? .'J. and 4. Xame some of the \ most notcil fe'je''it;lei in llif Itiwer latitutles of the temperate I zones ? ill the lULduT hititmles of these zones ! What is said o[ the vine ? mulberry ' olive > cotton ( 5. Describe the vegeta- tien of the IVigiti zones. i ANIMALS. 1. The torrid zon ' i-t as lusiiriaiit in its aniinids as in its Vf.'i'iabh'S. The miL'hty elephmit liere ilwtlls in the tlojuh • of aneient forests, wllih; the rhiunrer^s anil the htppopotaA mm roll their enormous liodies aim g the banks of the stream!^. " ' 2. The ni'ist fenicious animals in this zone are the lion, \ the tifrer, the leopard, the panther, ihe ounce, anil tilt* hyena, ' while ill till' great rivers crocodiles and alligators iiw ready , to devour the unwary | 3. This burning zone gemmates swarms of vcnomout rep- tiles aiitl serpents of enoniious size, while locusts, files, and ants move in such close and immense lu-mit.'s as to lay waste the eaith, and drive nations beliire them. 4. The largest birds are the ostrich, the cassowary, and the condor; and small bird.* of brilliant aiitl I'xipi'isittly beautiful plumage, but less nielotlious in their notes than the birds of the temperate zones, abound in the liirests. 5. Among the marine insects are the corals, which have stonv cases that remain alter the death of the animal, anil gradually aecumulatini' aiitl atlhering to each other, at length lorm large rtxjks and even islands. The I'ucilic ocean from New llollimd to the I'rieutlly islaiuls abountls with corals, luid ships are in constant danger of striking against rocks of this substance. 6. In the tenipeiate zones are few monstrous or ferocious animals ; but tin; horse, ox, sheep, goat, hog, dog, cat, ami other valuable domestic animals are fouiiil m great perfec- tion nearly to the parallel of (io^. 7. As we approach the OOlli degree of latitude, the coun- try, almost deserted by man, is coveretl willi the elk, the marten, the sable, the beaver, the ermine, animals covered with a rich anil beautiful fur, which is eagerly sought after by man for purposes of comlijrt anil luxurv, and hence these Irozeii countries have bi;come the regioii of an extensive fur trade. The most useful domestic animal in this climate is the reindeer. 8. In the frigid zones the ipiadriiped species niiaiii as- sume a tierce and formidable character. The gn'at trhitc bear loaiiis over the tieltis of iee, and rushes boldly to the attack ol man; the walrus, or sea-horse, rises amiti the iee- bergs with his enormous tusks; and the miglilv whale rolls Ihroiigli the sea. and mingles his hightful roariiigs with the .sound of the tempest. Questions.— 1, Name some of the largest animals of the torrid tone I 'i. the most ferocious ? 3. Wliat other troublesome um- inals in the tomil zone ! 4. Which are the lariiest birds 7 For what other hirils is the torritl zone liinious .' 5." What is said of the coriils 7 (i. What vahiahle animals are founti in great per- lectUMi in the lower latitudes of the temperate ztaies 7 7. What useful .animals in the higher latitudes of the tempernte zones ! S. Name some of the lnrj;est animals of the liiirid zones. METALS AND MINERALS. 1. Gold. Golil is usually liiund in a perfeelly pure state at the toot of ranges of mouiilaiiis, from which "it is washeil (iinvn by rivers. It is most Hbundant in Califflrnia, South America. Kast Africa, \VeBt Africa, and the Asiatic isles. 2. Silver. The richest silver inines arc those of Mexico and Bolivia. Since Ihe discovei-y of America, nine tenths of all the silver in the world have come from these mines. 3. Iron. This useful metal is very generally ditbisetl ; but Ihe most protluctive iron mines are those of Britain, France, Russia. Swetlen. and I'ennsylvania. 4. Copper is found in .Norway, St.veden, Chili, Wiscon- sin, antI other countries, but the most nbnnilant supply is from the mines ol Coinwall in i;n;;liinil. 5. Lead. The most productive lead mines in the world arc ihiisf of Great Britain; and of .Missouri, Illinois, and the ailjiiining territories in the Uniled Slates of America. fi. Tin is coinjiaiatively a rare metal. The chii;f mines arc tliiMe of Cornwall in Englantl, and of Banca, a small island near Sumatra. 7, Quicksilver is obtained ehielly from the mines of Idria in Anslria, of .Mmadeii in Spain, and of Giiancuvelica in Peru, It has been recently ftmnd in California. 8. Coal, a source of greater wealth lliiiii gold, is limntl in ine.Nliauslible tpianlities in many comilrieH, but the most noted coal mines are near Newcastle in KnghintI, y. Salt is made in large tpianlilies in many ctmnlries by t'va|)oriition of sea water anil of the water id' salt springs. The most ntiteil mines of rock salt in the world are those )f Wieliczka in Austrian Poland, Questions.— 1, Where is found in greatest abundance, eold ' •3. silver? 3. iron? 4. copper? 5, lead ; 6. tin? 7. quicksilver? ft. coal ? 9. salt I EXTENT AND POPaLATION. The following table pit's, nis an estimate of the extent and popululitMi of the grand divisions of the world ; Grnnd 1) Kiirope . Asia Africa U(-t;aiiica . North ,\meriea S iiitli ..\merica Si|iinrp Milps. 3,fi(i7,14(i 15,700,000 lO.HOO.OOO 4,00l),(l()0 7,300.0(10 7,117,000 Pf|mlBtif>n. 238,473,n,')7 3110,000.000 (l.'),000,000 20,000,000 3.1,000,000 1,1,240,000 f),i 2.'> fi I (^ai'»/wn«,— Which is the larcestof the erand divisions of ths world 7 Which next 7 Which is the smallest ? Which has the greatest populatiiiii ? Which next ? What is the jitipula- tion of the woriti 7 What tlillerence is there in the eslimutes of geographers I To what luirls does the uncertainty relate ? BAOES OF MEN, 1 . Man, the lord of the animal crealion, has a constitution whii-li tits him ttir resilience in every climate, 2. Naturalisis cominonly recktm live varieties of the hu- man species, viz., 1. the Caucasian; 2, tin; .Mongolian; 3. the Malay ; 4. the F.lhiopian ; 5. the American. 3. The Caucasian race compri.ses nearly all the Kurope- ans, the Turks, Arabs, Persians, and other Western Asiat- ics, and a large part of the Hindoos, •i.Thv Mongolians enihraee the Chinese, .Tapnnese, and the inhabilants of eastern and southeasteni Asia generally, except the .Malays. 5. The Malays are almost confined to the isles of the Pacific, ami the peninsula of Malacca. (j. The Ethiopian race ineliules the Negroes, Caffl'es, ajid Hottentots of Africa, and the I'lijiuans or Negroes of Aus- tralasia, 7, The American race comprises the Indians of North anil South Aineriea. 8. The Caucasians are irhitc ; the Mongolians, olive yel- low! the Malays, rfni-i iron-n,- the Ethiopian, i/iicA-; and the Aniericim Indians, red. or copper-colored. f). The CauciLsians are the most civilizeil and enlighten- ed of these races, and have generally ruled the rest when- ever brought in contact with lliem, 10, The numbers belonging to the ditfercnt races ai'o thus estimated by Uassel : ' Caucasians .... 43fi,C2.'),000, or 46,5 per cent. .Mongolians . . . 389,375,700, " 41.5 " ■Malays .... 32,500,000, " 3,5 " F.thiopiiuis . , , 69,633,300, " 7,5 " ,-Vmi;ncatis , , . 10,287,000, " 1.0 Questions. — 1. What advantage has man in his constitution o cr most other animals ? 2. How many varieties of the human species? .'(. \\'liat nations leloui; to the Caucasian race 7 4. to the Moneolian ? ,1. to the Malay ? 0. to the Ethiopian ? 7. to the .•Vnierit'iin ? H. What art; Ihe colors of tliese ditlcrent races 7 II. Whidi are the must civilized 7 10, Which is Ihe most nu- merous ? Which next? Which is Uie smallest in number? What per cent, are Ihe Caucasians 7 What per cent., the Amer- ican race ? STATES OF SOCIETY. 1. With respect to their social state, men mav be divided into four classes, viz., savage, barbarous, lialf-t;ivilized, and civilized. 2. In the savage slate, nii>n subsist by hunting, fishing, anil the spontaneous priulnetions of the earth ; and hence are usually thinly scattered over a wide counhy, rude, ig- noriuit, and th'slitute of most of the comliirts of lite, 3. In the barbarous slate, subsistence is deri^-; tl chiefly from |)asHirage and rntle agriculture; and men m this state usually live in lenls, anil wander tVoni place to place with iheir Hocks and herds. In some cases subsistence is ob- tained by sysleniatie piracy anil robbery. 4. Among the half-civilized natitais, agriculture and some of the finer manufaclu: es are ciu'ried on w-ith great care and to a veiy high degree of perfection, but foreign commerce is almost imKiiown, 5. In the civilized stale, science, the arts, and all the va- rious institnlions and arrangements of society, are in a high- ly improvetl tbnii, 6. The American Indians, and a great [tart of the negroes in Africa anil ,^^lstralasia, are savages, 7. The Anibs, Tartars, and ^Ialays in Asia, and the Moors of Norlheni Afi-iea, are in the barbarous state. 8. The Chinese, Japanese, Hiudous, Persians, and Turks arc half-civilized natitms. 9. Europeans, and their descendants generally, are re- garileil as civilized, but the ilegiees of civilization are very dirt'crent in dilli;rent countries. Question". ~\. Into what classes are men usually tlivitlcd as to their ,,iK;ial stai,. ' 2. What is eharaetenntfc of the savnee state ' 3, of the harban.'is state ? 4. of Ihe lialf-eivilized stale 7 .I, of the civilized state 7 *J. Wliat /leople are savages 7 7. bar- barians 7 e, half-civilized 7 '1. cii-ilizcil 7 RELlalONS. I. IIa.ssel cslimates the numliers attached to the differ- ent ri;ligions as follows: of As Pagiins ChriPtiuns CCl,8'iO„100 I .Mohiimmi'iliins . . . I'.'n li),ii,0OO 2J2..Vi5,7l)0 I ,lewB 'J30,(X)0 Total, 9;iH,421,0(X), Total (in round numbers) | 49,000.U00| 764,000,000 1 1 Remark. I The population of Ihe world is variouslv eslimaleil bv geographers from ,100,000.000 to 1,000,000,000. Kiirop'e and Aiiit;riea, it is known, eonlaiii about 2fl0, 000,000. The uncertainty relates to Asia, Africa, anil Oieanieu. tlilferenl tlenomina- 2, The same aulhorthns classes tin; tioiiB of Christians : Hoinan Ciilliolit-s . . 134,732.000 I MontiiiliyHitts . , . 3.80,5.000 i;r-.-'« ('h'lh-li . .W.Oll.noo .^riiii-niims .... 1,7'>>,000 I'roU'sUinu . . , . 5.'>,7!ll,700 | Ncstorians, ic. . 3C7,0(X) 3. Christianity is the religion of F.iirope anil of Furtipean sellh'jnenis in every pari of ibe wiirltl. Mohammedanism prevails in the norlheni part of Africa luiil the weoteni part* l'."'ll)f,,000 ,930,000 (Iciiomina- 3.80.^.000 i,?*;*t*.ot'0 367,000 GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE VIEWS, &c. HEIOHTS OF OELEBRATED MOUNTAINS, &o. M n,,.', Cliiiinnliiref, liijiliesl in llio woilil ol" AsiiL Till! Jews lira more ntuneruiis in I'oliiriil lliait in uny other cuiiiiiry, but lliey iiro liiurij in moiit of tin; |iiin- cipal cities of tlie world. I'nganism in tlio relifjion of the poi)iil()ii8 connti-ies of soutlieiistern Asiii, unj of Buvagea in all pints of l|]i' world. 4. Roman Ciilholics, or those who ncknowleilge the su- prnniicy of the poj)e, ociiipy the soiitliern purls of Europe, and t!iu Spimi.'y man . . parts of Kiiropc, and Ihe Kii.dish aud Dniili setllemenis in ; l^"topa.\i, highest volean other |iavts of Ihi^ gliilie. The religion of the Orcck Church St. Klias, highi'st nit. in N. America 71 Sorala, highest m Amoricu lli^'hest (light of u balloon Chnnijorazo prevails in Uussia and Cireece. QiiesHoDs. — What is the reliLnon of the mrijoritv of mankind ? How miinu arc Christians ? Muhunnni'iiuns I 'J. Catholics 7 3. W'hn, and where, inv Ike Christians I Muhainnieiluns ( .lews? Pagans? 4. Catholic's .' 1 rotc.^taiits ! (Irceli Ciiristiaus f POPUL T. OF ASIEHIC. BritUh Provinces. Montronl, 35,000 Quebec, 30,0(K1 IluUfox, 10,000 United States. nON OF NOTED CITIES, JJriimark. I .'^rdinia, Copenlmgi-u, IJO.OnO Turin, 110,000 New York, 313,000 I'hilii.leliihin, 2-.1I.0IK) Iliiltimun.'. 103,0(K) New Orleans, 103,0(X) Itostun, 93,(HH) Cineiiinnti, 4(1.001 Uruoklyn, 3li,0K: Alluniv, 3:i,»(h; Chiirlt'(*ton, '.".MKH, WnsliiuL'ton, 2;l,0(Kl I'rfjvidi'iice, i;;i,oixi Louisville, 21,00(J Pittaburg, 21,0011 Lowell, 20,7(K1 Iloeht'ster, 20.11011 Richmoud, SO.INHJ Troy, 1!>,(H)0 Butlhlo, IH.IIOO Newark, n.iHjo St. l.oaie. l(i,llO0 Portliuid, LLOOO .Salem, 15,1*H) New Haven, 13,000 Altunm 30,000 England. I.omlon, 1,900.000 MiinehestiT, :i?0,000 LivcrpiKij, 223.IKI0 liinninsluun, 1!10,I«HJ liristol, 1:jo,ooo ; Scotland. OInasow, 2j8,00n I Eilinliursll, 139,0(») j Ireland. Dulilin, 240,000 Cork, llj,000 (jeiiua, Thibet Bolivia Kranco , Ecpiudor Highest Hight of a cimdur . . . . ; S. AmtM*ica Afghanistan I'^([uad(U' lOtiuador UiisB. Amer. Mexico Hawaii iN. America Italy I-itpiator (itiatimala Etpiador I'ersia Humatra I'opocatepell, highest in Me.vico Mouna Koa, higliest in Oceanica Hmwn, highest of Rocky mis. . Mt. Blanc, highest in Kuropi! Limit of perpetual snow at llif . Volcimo of Gnatiinida .... Antisana farm-house .... Demavend, highest of Elbiirz mis liiiiooo^-'^'.'-Ppliir Ttiifcan'j. City of La I'az Floreneo, IJSOno i Mt. Arurat . . LeL'horn, di.OOO Tnrkeij and Greece, Cou^'tiintinoii., 5t)0,000 AdriKnople, 90,IW)0 .llueliuri'st, fo.OOO .Xiilonira, (1(1,000 AtlieU:', 17,000 Limit of pines under the . . . , 'Equator Paris, Lyons, ,M)ir.«eiltes, Horileaux, Ituiien, -NilMti'S, Sjfnin. Mailritl, Itareelona, ."i^ville. Vuleueia, Malaga, Franee. ],1.11,000 200,(H10 III. OF ASIA. Russia in Asia. 0,000 .•\!=traeli(ui, 'I'ubolMk, Irkutsk, ^Sl,, ■"■"""■ Jedo, 1 -Meaeo, 92,000 70,000 , 20,0(XI 20,000 300,000 300,000 China. Mezico. Mexico, l.lO.noO Pucbln, 70,000 Utiadalaxara, GU.OOO Gitatimala, Guntimalfl, 25,000 , ; ^'i^lltla, It est Indies. \ Mil,,,,. Havana, 12,"i.0OO ; l*rll^'^le, St.Jolin(P.n.l, 30,000 1 Venice, ' Peslh, ■ Li'iuberg, Verona, Trieste', 170.000 120,(»I0 91.001) 0(1,0(H) 1)5,000 Pekin, Canton, Nankin, 7'nrlieij in .Isia. Portugal. Lifbou, 250,000 Oporto, eo,000 Anstria. Aleppo. .Smyrna, Damniieus, llngilad, llassorn, Itrus.T, 330.000 ,'!''";'."■''''■■, iA-,,i)iio i '"■'■'"'■"■"I 120,00.) ""'"'- Millsin, highest of Alias mis, . . IN^ik of TeneriiVe Mnlhacen, highest of .Sierra Nivada .Mt. I'erdu, highest of Pyrenees . . .Mt. Etna, volcano r,iinit of oaks nndt.'r ihe . . . . ,Mt. Lebanon Kiiska Poyana, highesl (tf Carpath. . C'ity of Quito . '. iMt. Corno, highest (d' Apennines . .Sneliatla, highest of Uofrefeld . . I iMt. Sinai I .St. Beni:ii\l convent I IMndiis, higliest in j City of .Me.\ieo I Blii'ck ml., higliest of Blue Ridge , j .Ml. Washingtini, of "\V'liile mis. . '. .Mt. Marcy, liii;hest in New York . I.Mt. I lecla, highest in Ic'laml , . I Ben .\i'\is, highest in Ci. Britain ' .Man^-lield, higliest of Green nits. I'raks of Otter .Ml. \'esiivins, volcano Hound Top, of Cat.-kill lilts. , . . tjlJUJ; . Snowdon, highest in .S. Britain . . 5o!oO() I'yramids, highest work of limn . . 2.00001)0 t'OO.IHK) l.',(l.()0O l-JO.OOO J()0,(HHt 00,1)1)0 noooo Kingston (Jn.), JO.OOU I'lnezutla. Cnriwcas, Marucnilm, '*>0.000 ?t'ew (iranaiia. I'opayiin, Curtlliigfnn, ■10,000 MO.OOO 1^000 Kquador Quito. Gu:iyacniil, 70.000 20,000 P.TH and Ihliria. Limn, An'(iiiipn, l.v I'az, Ciizrci. Cochabnnil)!!, r.o.oiK) ;mm)oo ;«M)i)i) i.'O.OU) 97,000 i tH.OOfl 1 .•^i.ono ' ,55,(KK) ' 4(1,000 , Prussia. Perlin, Hrefilau, KonigHberg, ( 'olo^nie, Dsnitzie, Magdobnrir, Pnraria. Munich, NurenitsTi:, .-Vngsljuc::, Saiont/. Dresilen, Leijisic, 240,000 !IO,(H)0 70,000 n(l.(K)0 63.000 51,000 n.^ooo 41.(HKI 34,000 (lO.OOO 5.">,000 Jerusalem, Araltia. Mecca, .•^ana, .li.lda, Muscat, Persia. Ispahan, Hcshd, Ti4ieran, J^liiraz, 4.'>.(»«) 20,000 30.noo 20.1»HI L'i.dOO 10,000 200,000 70,000 ,'>(I,(KK1 3a(»io Bolivia i Armenia 1 Morocco j Canariea I Spain ! Franco ' ''^i'-ily E(pialor 1 Syria Austria Eipiador Naples Sweden Arabia Switzerland Greeco I Mexico [ N. Carolina 1 N. Hamp.dii, , .New Yol k ■ Iceland I Scotland [ Vermont j Virginia Naples New York i Wales I Egypt 2!l,000 ii.j.3!IO 23,000 21,444 21,000 20,(i00 111, 400 l»,8i*l 17.000 17,700 17,.';00 1(1,000 l.'j,(ilj.'') 13,200 1,5,000 14,300 14.000 13,1)00 12,800 12,7I>0 12,700 12,.')00 12,17(1 11,800 (,;«e. 4. the French ' 5 (i,47« 1 the Irish and Scotch .' 6. Where did the neirroes eoiiio from 7 7. Where are the neirroes most numerous 'I (linns, and w4iere do they live ( (i,428 5,300 4,888 4.379 4,279 4.200 3,9.32 3,004 3.508 599 B. How many In. CHIEF PRODUCTIONS. The following table shows the esiiinated value of some of the chief agricultural and miuend pr,jd(ictioiis luul tnaii- ufactures of the U. States in 1840 : Qucslinns.— Which /.« the hifliestinoiinlaiii in the world ? \\\sh est in America.' H'hul is the t(cii;l,l of ('In ihiri'c .' of .Sirnin .' Ill Chiniliorazo >. \\'liieh i.s thi' hiuhest mountain m Oceaniea ? in Europe I in N',-w Hampshire '. Neiv York >. Iceland ; (J. Ilrit- ain ! What is the limit of perpetual snow at the ei|iial(ir .' How hlL'h is the hiuhest spot ever trod liy man ? How hidi will the oak ci-ow under Ike c/niilnr .' How' liiudi, pines .' How hii:li is the city of Mexico ( Uuito 1 How high does the condor lly ( Afghanistan. Candalmr, PcMhnwar, Herat, Cabul, 100,000 1(»I.0(H) 70,000 110,000 11. OF THE UNITED STATES. EXTENT AND POPOLATION. Proiliicliona. 1. Indian corn, at 25 cts a bushel. $94,382,968 o_ Wheat, •• $1 " 84,823,272 i). 4. Colton, Cotton goods . 10 cts. per lb., . 79,047,956 4l),350,459 o. W ooleii goods , 20,090,999 0. Iron, ciust and bar lit .$40 a ton, 19,327,640 7. Lumber . 12,943,507 8. lobacco. 5 cts. per lb,, . 10,958,665 9, Lead, 3 9,371,735 10. Siiirar, " /> " 7,7.55,000 U. Coal, '■ jilalim. 7,327,812 12. Ships and other vessels . 7,016,094 13. Paper 5.641,495 14. liice. at 3 els ]ier lb.. . 2,425,242 l.j. .Salt, 30 •• a bushel, '.,857,522 states and Term- .*». 50.000 20,0(X) CViiVi. Ht Jnuo, Valparaiso, Buenos Ayres. Buenos Ayres, SO.OOO Mendoza, 20,000 Brazil. Free Ctcrman cities. unit, I -MitdriLs, tiainimn;, l,-iO,000 ■ Patna, I Frankfort. ,55.000 I llrenien, 4i;,000 Lnbec, 2^,000 Ilindaostan. Calcutta, .500,000 Rio Janeiro, Ht. Salvador, Pernainbuco, l,"i( 1,000 120.0(H) liO.OOO II. OF EUnopK. Russia in F.nropr. St PetiTsb'r;, 4:0,000 Moscow, 3s5.0(H) Warauw, 140.00(1 Hica, (i?.000 O.lessa, 0O,0(KI .^tcedcn and Sorieatj, .Sto.kbolm. H4.00O GottcnbuiL', 27.(H)0 lleri;en, 23,0(H) Cliristiania, 21,000 SieitzerUtnd. Oi-nevo, 2(1.000 Heme, lf,0OO Holland. Anv^terdain, Uottenlam, The llainie, Itelgiuin Rrussels, (ihent. .Vntwerp, Delhi. l.ueknow, llombay. ('H,..linitre, Dacca, ,"SI0,(KH1 3,50.000 3(HI,00(I 3IH),()(H) 3(I0,(»I0 220,000 17,5(KH) 150,000 Farther India, igim?, 1M),000 201,000 ' llankok. li3,(HK) 4li,0(X) 73,000 H2,(HKI (18,000 Tuzo Sicilies, Nnpli'B, :i:i(i,C30 Palern(o, 110,000 States of the Church, Home, 149,000 Holo^na, 09,(KI0 line, Kesho, or AFIUCA. Kaiiiii, Cairo, .VIexandria, Daniii'tta, .330,000 3l).0(H) 30.000 llarltnrij ,Sfatrs, Tunis, Fez, Morocco, Algiers, 120.000 10O.(X)() KO.OOO "0,000 ()tiestions.~niiieh is the largest citti \x\ America t in KiiropeT in Asia? hi Atri.-a? in Hriti-h .N, ,\m Tu-an provinc, >■ f in C. .•^t,,t^> t A.-. JJ„w miuiy cities in America Aair Hi„rfA(t« \W.^\)ei inhnhilants f Mow many in r.iiropej How many ni Alrica I Nil, In Cliina and llimloostaii Uiere are many cities, not i:iv, n inlli.. table, of more than 100,000 p.ople. How many cities in the 1'. Slates have as nianv b.4 20,(HHI inliabiumtat llo,v niiuiy have more lli.m 100,000 ( Name tli'e U'n largi-st Maine , New Hainp^' Vermont Massacliiisetts . . Klio.le Island . . . (.'onneeticut New York New .lersey . . , . Penn.-ylviaiia . . . Delaware .Maryland \'iri:iiiia Norlli Carolina . Soiitli Carolina . l.'sMMli) (i.'orgia .50.0(Ht! Alabama .50.000' Mississippi 50,000 I I.oaisinna Arkansas 4'ennessee Kentucky Ohio Michigan Inrilfina Missouri District of Columbia . Ilorida Wisconsin Iowa Texas Minnesota Territory . tii.liaii T,,rritory ." . , Missouri Territorv... Oregon Territory' California New Mexico Total i ^Z".' |p«r..i>b..n,';';p .Miles. 32,400 9„5O0 9,700 7.S0O 1.251 4,789 4(1,220 7,94H' 46,215 2,068 10,7.\5 ri,5700 51,632 31,.5li5 61,083 .54,084 49,356; 47,413| 54.H17I 41.7,52 40.02,3' 40„5(XI 60„537j 3.5,026 .56,.506' 70.050 10,: .56336 68.000 73,(HK1 397.310 95.(I1HI 2lS).IHI0 370,000' 340, 000, 460,000 6,5,00(1, 50 1,793 1 284,574 291,948' 737,6991 108,830: 309,978 i 2,428,921 ! 373.306' 1,724,023; 78,085; 4700191 1.339.797 7.53.419 .591,398 691,392 .590.7 jlii 37,5,651 1 ,152,411; 97„574 829,210 779,828 1,519,464 212.267! 685,866 476183' .383.702 43.712 1;>,V277 120,(KX) 3IKMH10 10,000 Indians. Indians. 20.0(X) fiO.OtX) 70,000: S4, ni, I 15 i 30 I 30 I 95 ; 87 I ^' 47 37 ; 39 1 44 19 15 19 11 II ' 8 7 : 2(1 20 38 , 4 III ! 171 41 6741 64! 2,605; 89,7371 448,9871 24.5,817, 327,038' 280,944 353„532 19.5,211 168,453 1 9.935 ■ 183,0,59 182,2,58 None. .Til 58,240 4,694 a5,717 None. 1(: 23,410 None, A lew, I None, i 3,124,(XKI 17,724,000, .',,509,747 licinnrks, 1. Tennessee. Kentucky. Virginia, Ohio, and Indiana are, in their order, the greatest pnidncers of Indian corn. 2. Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and Virginia are the great fc/lert^gl'owillg states. 3. The- colton was raised .almost entirely smith of the par- allel of 36^ 30', The great cottoii-griuvim; slates are, 1. I .Mississippi; 2. Georgia; 3. Louisiana;' 4. Alabiima; 5. South Carolina; 6. Vnih Carolina; 7, Teimes.see. 4. Two iliinU of the colton t^oods are mnnufactured in New EiiLdand ; chii4ly in Miussachnsetts, Hliode Island, and New Hampshire. 5. Twii thirds of the woolen fronds are m.nmifacturcd in Ma,«sacliii.setts, .New York, inal Connecticut, 0. More than half of the iron is made in Pennsylvania and New Y'ork. 7. .Morethanhalf of tlie/umicrisfrom New Y'oik, Maine, and Pennsylvania. 8. NiiK! tenths of the tohaeco are raised in V'irginia, Ken- tucky. Tennessee. Maryland, mid North Carolina. 9. Tlie lead is alnutst \\ holly frmn Wisconsin. Illinois, and Misstiiiri. 10. Three fourths of the sugar are the inoduction of Louisiana ; and the remaining fourth is cliii4ly maple sugar, made in New York, ( Hiio, Vermont, ami Indiana. 11. Nine teiiihs of the coal ale from the mines of Penn- .sylvaiiia and N'ir^inia. IJ. fin' people of .Maine and .Ma.s,sacliusetts build nern-ly one half of the skips, 13, iMas.siichuseiis, Pennsylvania, New York, Connec- ticut, and New Jersey are the chief paper liiimufacturing 72 GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE VIEWS, &c. i if 14. Nine tenths of the rice are raUed in South Carolina and Georgia, 15. Three fourths of the Ball are from New York and Virginia. I Fiiigland • > . France .... Cuba and Porto Rico I Britinh N. Amer. Provinces llanse towns Holland j liriiish West Indies j -Mexico The domestic produce ex|K)rted from the U. Stalca in the c\^\\i year ending Sept. 30lh, 1840, was $113,895,634. Tlie fol- lowing are tl;e principal articles : Article Elportcd. VrIus. Cotton .... . 163.870,307 Flour and wheat ... . 11,779,098 Tobacco and snuff 10,697,628 Cotton goods 3,549,607 Lumber and naval stores .... 2,933,070 Whale-fishery products . . . 2,478,206 Gold and silver coin 2,235,073 Rice 1,942,070 9. Pork, bacon, live hogs, &c. . . . 1,894,894 10. Skuis and furs 1,237,789 11. Iron and iron manufactures . . ■ 1,104,455 12. Indian corn and meal .... 1,043,516 13. Cod and river fislierv products . . 720,164 14. Beef, hides, tallow, '^c. . . . . 623,373 15. Ashes, pot and pearl . 533,193 FOREION OOMMEROB :i.174 New London. Ct. . . . 35.773 . \%\:*ri Hnlom, Mhm 34.311 143,(a4 Hilfaiit, M.. 33,176 . 100,541 NMiituikit, Mass. . . . 32,048 . !IC,.VJ0 I'lymouUl, Muss 28,594 . 75,0'.I0 l'cn.)lM,-ot, Me 25,108 . 56,191 rortamoulli, N. II. . . . 23,92 . M.KU Charleston, H. C. , . . 21,720 . IS.IiJB Has Harl^ir. -N. Y. . . . 21.171 . 43,027 1 Newljurypurt, Muss. . 81,041 (Questions. — Wliich port of tin! United Rtates owns niof^t aliippln^t Which ncxtt Which next? Wh'il othcrB own mtirc thiin .V,,(X)0 Uins? How msny of the 21) clifef scnporn arc in New Knglnnd I How many in Mas:,a(-hiitett4 ? p..n.. New York, N. Y. . . Koaton, Mass. . . . New Orlcnnc, l-«. . Philadelpliia, Pa. New Bedford, .Musii. Ualtimnrc, Md. . . Waldohoro'. Mi<. . Portland. Me. . . . Bath. .Mr Bamstalilo, Mnes. . I IN 16*2. Tn-K. . . . 35,773 . . . 34,311 . , . 33,176 . . , 32,048 . , . 28,594 . . , 25,108 . , . . 23,92 . . . 21,720 . . . 21,174 M. . 21.041 mof>t eliippln^f :lnin.V>.IXI0tona« td t How manj m^SB^ ■0'^