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JA8. F. KVnAM A CO.. BRAL K8TATS AfiEi^fS, Wl 
 
 JAS. F. RUTTAM ii TO.. KKAL K8TATK AGENTS, WINNlPEft, MANITOBA. ^ V V <|j 
 
Take your Ocean Passage by "DOMINION LINE/' 
 
 Iq^ui^kude Company of JSfoi^tli ^meridk. 
 
 (EST^BrjISHEID -A..XD. ' 6720 
 
 AiitXLux«2xc^a €SSl^ltSbl$ n K ■ 
 
 $5<MI»000« 
 
 DIKECTOKS. 
 
 PRB.HIDBNT: Sir Alexander T. Gait, 6.C.M.G. 
 
 fPormerly Finance Minister of Canada.) 
 
 "W. J. BUCHANAN, Esq., 
 
 General Manager Bank of Montreal. 
 
 HON. J. FERRIER, Senator. 
 
 D. L. MACDOUGALL, 
 
 Maodougall <fe Davidson. 
 
 TICK-PRESIDENT: John Bankln, Esq. 
 
 EDWARD MACKAY, MacKay Brothers, 
 
 Director Bank of Montreal. 
 
 EDVA'ARD RAWLINGS, 
 
 "WILLIAM MOORE, Quebec, 
 
 Manager Gulf Porti S. 8. Co'y. 
 
 WM, ALEXANDER, Toronto. 
 
 Managing Director— Edwaud Rawllnqs. 
 
 HtCAO OFi^IOK 
 
 MANITOBA agency: 
 
 260 St. James St., - Montreal. Carruthers dt Brock, Winnipeg, 
 
 Tum U'&A.'UAHiT'Mm i^mw mw mom^m a.mbj£X€a« 
 
 CAPITAL Authorized 
 t!AFIT\L paid up In Cash, 
 ASSET.S, over 
 TOTAL RESOURCE.S, - 
 
 - $l,K(0,OiO. 
 
 .*i(il),(HK). 
 
 $:!75,tK)(). 
 
 - »,75U,000. 
 
 Dl LECTORS: 
 
 PRESIDENT— Sir .yexander T. Gait, O.C.M.G. 
 
 (Kormorly Finance .Minister of Canada.) 
 
 W. J. Bucliuiinn, 
 
 a neial ManaRor Bank of Montreal, 
 
 Hon. J. Fc."ii*lcr, Senator, 
 D. Lorn Mac(lou;;all, 
 
 PrehiUent Montreal Stock Exchange. 
 
 HEAD OFFICE : 
 
 260 St. James-St., Montreal. 
 
 VICE-PRESIDE\T— John Kankln, 
 
 Merchant. 
 
 John L. lilaikic, 
 
 I'ri'Nident Canada Landed Credit Co. 
 
 Edward KawUngs, 
 James G. Ross, 
 
 President Quebec Bank, Quebec. 
 John Paton, Jesnp, Paton ACo.,New York. 
 Managing Director— EDWARD RAWLINGS. Secretary— JAMES GRANT. 
 
 BRANCH OFFICE-NEW YOltK. 
 DIRECTORS. 
 
 Joseph W. Drexel 
 
 flateof Drexel, Morgan & Co. 
 
 A. L. Hopkins, 
 
 Vice-President W. St. L. & f. R. R. Co 
 
 H. Victor Newconib, 
 
 President U. S. National Rank 
 
 John Paton, 
 
 Jesup, Paton 4 Oo. 
 
 Daniel Torrance, 
 
 379 Fifth Avenue. 
 
 Gen. E. F. Winslow, 
 
 President N. Y., Out. & W. R. R. 
 ErastUS Wiraan, Director Western Union Telegraph Co. 
 
 (COUNSEL— Alexander & Green. 
 
 BRANCH OFFICE:— 178 BROAD^ArAY 
 
 Int. Heokktary-D. J. TOMPKINS. 
 
 Maoitoba ageiicj ; Carrulliers & Brock, WioDipeg. 
 
 3^ 
 
N LINE." 
 
 (EIOHTH EDITION.) 
 
 meridk. 
 
 tson^ooo* 
 
 ankln, Esq. 
 
 MACDOUGALL'S 
 
 I 
 
 GAZETTEER 
 
 fay Brothers, ' 
 
 tank of Montreal. 
 
 ec, 
 Porti S. 8. Co'y. 
 
 ncy: 
 
 Winnipp^, 
 
 ^ffollt^eal. 
 
 kin, 
 
 3haut. 
 
 mded Credit Co. 
 
 3 Bank, Quebec. 
 
 MES GRANT. ' 
 
 le. 
 
 >"t. & W. R. R. 
 
 -AM) — 
 
 PRACTICAL HAND-BOOK 
 
 -FOR- 
 
 MASITOBA AND THE SORTH-WEST 
 
 -^^"-^ -^ 
 
 ^ ^^ iim im Vl> ^ 
 
 *-V^ m^ /^^v ^^^v A.-^': *^3?>.^ 
 
 ^^ Jli, 'Ph Pll ®S2; ^> 
 
 ^ K!rr»! Nrr-Z-J S.«-^,J >nrrrf> i^ 
 
 Vv&s "Vnf"-/ Nis^*"' 
 
 WITH Till': 
 
 LAND REGULATIONS, Etc. 
 
 --»BJK 
 
 A Concise Compendium of the Latest Facts and Figures 
 
 of Importance to the Emigrant, Capitalist, 
 
 Prospector and Traveller. 
 
 «*i«e- J 
 
 EDITED AND PUBLISUED BY 
 
 W. B. MACDOUGALL. 
 
 (COPYHIGHT APPLIED FOR.' 
 
 rocl(, Wifliiipeg. 
 
Til[ SCOTTISH. ONTARIO AND MiNITOBi UNO CO.. 
 
 (XillvlIITEID. 
 
 UKGISTKUEU OFFICE : 
 
 GLASGOW, SCOTLAND. 
 
 Ofllcc Of the Coniiiilssioners in Cnnada 
 
 32 TORONTO ST. 
 
 This Company owns large Tracts of FARM- 
 ING LAND in Manitoba and the North- West 
 Territories, and is prepared to Sell at Moderate 
 prices and on easy terms of payment. 
 
 fi^Detailed information will be given to en- 
 quirers at the Toronto, Winnipeg and Brandon 
 Offices. 
 
 The Company also holds for Sale BUILDING 
 LOTS in Winnipeg, Portage La Prairie and 
 Brandon. 
 
 Tine Company is prepared to Buy LANDS 
 and BUILDING LOTS in Ontario, Manitoba 
 and the Norih-'^vVest Territories. 
 
 .JAS. MITIRIIKAI), 
 
 Semtort/, 
 54 West Xile Stroot, (;!:n!j;o'.v, 
 
 .SOuTl.ANlJ. 
 
 W. H. SCARTQ, 
 
 Commissioner, 
 
 Toronto. 
 Hon. G. McMfCKRN, 
 Agent, 
 Winnipeg, Man. 
 E. HUdllF-.S, 
 
 Ajent, 
 
 Brandon, Man. 
 
 SC A JIT II, COCIIIIA.N r/- CO , 
 
 Share Brokers c^ Financial Agents^ 
 
 32 TORONTO STREET, TORONTO. 
 
 W. H. SCAUTH, 
 
 Meinbfir of Toronto Stock Fl.tiMiatiffe. 
 
 RilHKKT Coniiu \.v, 
 Member of Toronto htotk Kxchang^e. 
 
ND CO.. 
 
 's in Canada 
 
 ' SL 
 
 WHAT IS SAID OF Till- NORTllAVEST. 
 
 FARM- 
 h-West 
 Moderate 
 
 to en- 
 trandon 
 
 LDING 
 
 rie and 
 
 -.ANDS 
 anitoba 
 
 I, 
 
 isstoner, 
 
 Toronto. 
 !KEN, 
 
 Agent, 
 tin i peg, Man. 
 
 anclon, Jfan. 
 
 gentsy 
 
 LORD LOllXE: "A country wlio.-o vjiliio it would bo 
 insanity to question." 
 
 HORACE GRKEIiY Paid: ''Go West, young man, and 
 grow up with Iho country." 
 
 BLODCJETT said : ''Tlio basin of tho Winnipeg is tho seat 
 of tho greatest average of wheat product of tho Anioiicj n Con- 
 tinent and probai)iy of tho world." 
 
 LOFin DUFFERlNsaid: "This nndreampt of Dominion, 
 whoso illimitablo dimenhions uliko confound the arithmetic of 
 the surveyor and verification of tho explorer. 
 
 United States Consul TAYLOR said : " Three fourths of the 
 wheat producing belt of North America arc north o. tho National 
 (United States) Uoundary. 
 
 CAPTAIN PALLTSRR said : " It is a physical reality of the 
 liighcst importance to tho interest of British North America 
 that this coiitiniious bolt can be settled and cultivated from a 
 few miles west of th<> l>:iko of the Woods to tho passes of the 
 Rock-y fountains." 
 
 ARCinUSIIOP TACME said: " The Great Author of tho 
 Univcr^-o Ikh been jilcasod to spi-ead out by tho side of tho 
 Grand and Wild beauties of tho RocUy Mountains, tho captiva- 
 ting pic:isiiro grounds of the Saskatchewan." 
 
 LORD MILTON said: "As an agricultural country its 
 advantages can Jiai-dly bo eurp.isscd. The climate is milder 
 than that of tiie same portion of Canada, which lies within tho 
 samo latitude. Cereals of almost every description flourish 
 even under the rudo cultivation ot the half-breeds." 
 
 LORD LORXE; 'The Province is ii green sea over 
 which tho summer winds p:iss, laden with tho scent of rich 
 <Tasscs and flowers, and over this vast extent it is only as yet 
 hero and there that a yellow patch shows somo gigantic wheat 
 field." 
 
 Kk Kxchange. 
 
TT'IFT 
 
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INTRODUCTION. 
 
 o: 
 
 Uvm 
 
 
 Ic 
 
 
 c 
 
 X 
 
 
 4'''' 
 
 In jircsoiuing flioEi<^hlli Eliiion of my " I i.i.u.stkated (iuiDi, Gazetteer 
 AND Practical Handbook " foi- Manitola ami tho Not-lh-Wost, I bog to call 
 iho altetUion of tho public to tho many and important additions it contains. 
 
 In a country whoro progress is making such rapid strides, wliero in a 
 few weeks enterpriio rises a comniunity from obscurity to importance, or 
 peoples a wild tract as largo as somo European kingdom with a prosperous 
 population; whoro such groat changes and improvements are taking place 
 it is no easy task to keep pace witli tho roquiromonts of tho newcomer. I 
 have aimed to make tho present volume as comprehensive as possible, and 
 havo elaborated the matter heretofore presented, introducing now features 
 and illustrating subjects of special interest. 
 
 Since the last Edition was published, Dominion Icgislalion has given 
 to Matiit<)l)a an incrcai^ed area, which at onco places her politically on a 
 footing with tho older Provinces of tho Confederation, and gives her a coii- 
 upicuous place on tho map of Canada and of the Continent of America. 
 
 In tho following pages I havo on leavoured to lay before the reader a 
 concise sketch of the ])roHcnt state of tho Province, her public institution 
 commercial 
 resources. 
 
 and manufacturing interests and her wonderful ngricultui-al 
 
 A special chapter is devoted to Winnipeg — tho ])hcnoinonal city — the 
 rapid giowlh of which is unp:iralleIoJ in the history tf civilization. Other 
 trade centres w hiih are attracting tho attention of capitalists by their natural 
 advantages and healthy develoj)mont are also briefly described. 
 
 I havo li' d the veil for a moment to givo my roadei-s a mere glance at 
 tho Groat Nortii-West, the illimitable area and resources of which it would bo 
 presumptuous to attempt to describe in the limited npace at my disposal. 
 ilowover, I havo collocted sutficient information regarding that vast territory 
 to enable the iiitonding immigrant or newcomer to f)i in an idea of its iiu- 
 mensily and bmntUo^s resources. 
 
 With ilie construction of tho groat trans-continental railway — tho Cana- 
 dian Pacific— under the control of a responsible corporation, with largo capital 
 and the best available engineering and administrative talent at command, 
 there can be nc fears for the future of tho greal North-West, tho greatness 
 and importancM of which is inconceivable in its possibilities. The building 
 of this road may bo likened to tho sinking of a shaft in oiio of tho groat 
 lionanzas of the Sierra Nevada, where every foot sf progress develops new 
 riches. Kvery mile consli-iictcd will demonstrate to tho worM the wonder- 
 ful wealth of our New Dominion and tho necessity of utilizing it to tho good 
 of mankinii. 
 
6 
 
 MACDOUUALL's Il.l.rSTIlATEI) (lUlDE. 
 
 I havo boot\ at paitH to prosonl (o my roailcM a histoiy of tlio Cnr,!i<liiui 
 I'lic'itic Itiiihvay Syiuiicato from its iiK-oplion. En^'larnl, Frani o an<l Ainorica 
 aro roprosontcd iti its cliroct<irato atvl oxoenlivo. Tlio work umU'rlakoii — to 
 re-claim half a continent — tho most important of tho a^o, preHonts groul 
 (litlieultioH, but none lliat llio genius of tho IDth century cannot Hunnount. 
 
 Tho prof^ro!»s in construction made by this ('ompany during; tijosumnur 
 of 1882 is Honioliiini,' nnpaiallulod in tho history of raihv.'iys. Ttio road has 
 lioen pushed forwanl at i.n avoiai,'o ot about two miics a day, and in honic 
 instances as nni h as four and a Iialf miles of tr;!ck liavo iiccn l:iid in twenly- 
 I'oiir hours. At tho time of writing; tho load extends nearly (KM) nules west 
 i>f Winni|"Oij, will ho completed to tho foot of tho Jn'ocky Mountains 
 next sumintr, and to tho Pacitic Ocean by the clo-o of ISSli. 
 
 ^Vhat with the elforts put fortli by thu Canadian (Jovernmcnt to induce 
 immigration, tho active cooperation of the Hudson's I5ay ('onipiiny, whoown 
 7.000,000 acres of land, and tho liberal terms ollered hy the Canadian Pacific 
 K'ailwiiy, it is oxp.ctod an immcn^o inllux of settlers will reach tho greai 
 wheat iields of tho Canadian North- West during tho coming seaton. 
 
 Another important factor in tho settlement of tho Xorih-Wcst, which 
 has como into existence since tho issue of my last edition, is tho i'ormation 
 «»f numerous Colonization Companies, under tho lale>t Dominion Land 
 re.ijulations. These Companies aro allowed to acquire largo tracts of land 
 (in condition o{ their ])lacing on them a certain number of immigrants eacli 
 year; and as many of tho Companies aro powerful jsnd inlluonlial, they will 
 dniibtless bo enabled to attract a largo number of settlors. ' 
 
 Tho progress of Manitoba and tho North- Wo>t (hiring tho year 1883 
 ha'* been something o.xiraordinary, and wholly unoiiualled in tho history of 
 1 he settlement of llio West. Over 05,000 settlers entered tho Province ot 
 Maiatoba during 1^82, of whom upwards of 15,000 were from tho United 
 Kingdom, tho Vcmiinder being from tho older Provinces of Canada, and the 
 I'liitod Slates; ai)«l iho indications aro that these figures will bo lai'gely 
 exceeded in 1883. 
 
 Ono wnrl In c inclusion. If I havo succeeded in making my work a 
 writable guide to I he in\migrant and a reliable book of reference to the now- 
 cuiiier, whalever I o his wants in his new home, I have conquered a necessity, 
 and accomplishcil what 1 have undertaken. 
 
 W. B. MACDOUGALL. 
 
I'oR MANITOIIA AND TlIK NoUTU-WEbT. 
 
 Llio Cnnadiuii 
 .'ind Ainoricii 
 Icrtiikoii — ti) 
 •csonfrt ^rouL 
 Hunnoual. 
 
 r llio sumnur 
 Tiio road lias 
 mil in honio 
 1 1 in tweiity- 
 nnlcs west 
 ilountuins 
 
 nt to induco 
 
 ny, wlioowii 
 
 adinn Pacific 
 
 •h tlio groui 
 
 iton. 
 
 •West, wliicli 
 10 i'ormalioii 
 ainion Land 
 acts of land 
 it,'rants eacli 
 ul, they will 
 
 year 1882 
 10 liihtory of 
 
 Provinco ol 
 
 tlio United 
 
 lada, an<l tlio 
 
 1 bo largely 
 
 my worlv a 
 5 to thonew- 
 l a necessity, 
 
 MANITOBA AND THE NORTHWEST 
 
 TtHNKRAL FKATUIiES OK THR COUNTRY. 
 
 'We fti'c ftroii'^'ly of diiitiion tlint nltopctlior ton niiicli is spoken find wrilton iiliout tlin 
 Iftlioiir Hnrl li;irilsliipii (it llic t'tni^'rimt or ccttirr wlicn he ronics (irist to this country. No 
 <l()ul)t he iniist. work, lie need not expect to find ii (Janien of Kden ready made to his hiind.s. 
 Here, iih in evory oilier t>nrt of the world, Inboiir ia the eondition of life and of .ani'i'e.^-i. IJiit 
 wo eiiiphatieally deny tluil the laliour is anliioiia, or the privntion^ to lie endnreil e.xee.jsive. 
 Fn fact, eoniparcil to wliat hnndrcdsof thousands of our eouiitrymen l:ave tinder>roiie in the 
 older provinee.s of the Dominion, they nrfi mere ehild'a play. In those days the forest had to 
 be cleared away. Trees three or four feet in liiameter and from one t.o two hundred i'eet lii>:li 
 hid to be eiit down ami liurned. lieKule.^i, it look ,earn het'ore the Ptunips rotted out of tie' 
 Ltroiiml, and thi'ii ihe laliour reconinieneed, for jrrcal d^]Miiiits of r^tonea hail to lie niimved. 
 and the soil dilide^d and drained. Hut with the exceptions of the la.it po nt tnentioned, and 
 thii only in smiie locd lilies, none of these difliiuiticrf liuve to be encountered in Itniiitoba and 
 (he North-U'esf. Jleri; is a va.st jirairie eountry reaily cleared for the settler'^ occupation. 
 All he has to do is to piteli hid teiil, or build a .shanty until lio has time ami means to erect a 
 more siilctaiiliiil huildinv' — to plouj^li the sod over, then re[)loufjh it, kow his seed, Iiarrow it, 
 «Ji I wait for the crop. It he is a poor man he of course rnutit not expect to fare suni]itiioualy 
 «very day. But t!ie necv'-;s'irie.i ot'life are clieap eiiou^di and easily pro" ■irnlde, and any iiiuii 
 or family that Ii;h to live t'or a year or so on jau-k, bread, Iwaiis, potatoe.. and tea, when they 
 have the land beneath tliem, a rain-proof roof over their heads and the a.ssured prospect 
 before them, and that at no ilistunt date, of comfortable independence, perhaps allluence, are 
 not to be pitied, (iame is plentiful ami during the proper seasons the pioaer s bill o/Jare 
 tnay witli Utile efl'ort be made even luxuriou.s. 
 
 One of the (greatest trials that the eini(rr»nt associates with reinovinjj to a new and 
 strange country is the breaking up of liome ami s^ocial ties, fie is too apt to rej^arcl it as a 
 kind of evil. Hut thi.s trial, in the great penerality of cases is merely iinat^inary. It is 
 astonishin}; how (piickly new and friendly associations are formed in this counirr. Thero is 
 a reciprocity of kindness and assistance which almost universally prevails. And in a few 
 weeks the settler may make ns friendly and valuable relations as any lie possessed in hi* 
 native land. So much is this the ca.se tiiat in a few years he has no desire to return to his 
 old home, e\cc])i lor a temporary visit. 
 
 LOCATION AND AREA OF MANITOBA. 
 
 (iiir approximate estimate of the area of tlie present Province of Manitoba is not official, 
 but from our calculation.s it coniaiiis about 37,000,000 acres; of this the Hudson's Bay 
 Company's one twentieth ownership and sciio(d reserves amount to 2,8.'!0,000 acres, learincj 
 availalile ?.4,. f0,00() acres (incliidinjj; half-breed reserves) witliin the present boundary of the 
 Province, being about 210 miles .sipiare. The Province, lying between ths parallels of 49 and 
 52 (leg. 20 mill, of north latitude, and 96 and I'U deg. of west longitude, occupies nearly the 
 actual centre of the North .\merican continent, is nearly equally distant between the polo 
 and the Kpiator, and the Atlantic ami Pacilic Oceans. 
 
 DUG ALL. 
 
 CLIMATE AND Id^lNGTIIS OF SEASONS. 
 
 Very mistaken i'leas prcvflil in the Old Country as to the climate of Canada. Evory 
 e.vtreme of liardshi]) i.s associated with it by many peo'ple. Nothing is further from the fact. 
 No doubt there are conditions of decided heat'in Rummer and cold in Winter. The ther- 
 mometer will sometimes range 90 in the shade in Summer and .SO below zero in Winter. iJut 
 these extremes will continue for only a few days at a time o' i the 365. But the thorough 
 dryness and bracines^ of the atmosi)hero moderate all extrouios. D.tmp and fog arc almost 
 unknown. Hiich a thing as a Scotch mist is a phenomenon. The Winter is considered a. ""st 
 enjoyable season, tho'igh each h.TS its iileasures, and it is this variety, combined with 
 siuiiiy sky and pure healthy air which constitutes the great charm of le climate. Mi i 
 brings Spring — .Vpril is sowing tiiiii'. and May ushers in the Summer. An almost tropical 
 cliiTuUe then succeeds during whicli vcgetiilion is most, rajiid. .July is the liay and August tha 
 grain harvest. Then follow two nKmtlis of deligiitfiil .\utumn weather uni Winter generally 
 sets in about the middle of .N'ovemlicr. 
 
MACDOUOALI/S n,LDSTRATED GUIDE, 
 
 The arerage depth of snow is about eighteen inches, and from the general absence of high 
 winds it seldom accumulates in drifts, ho that capital roads are the conunon condition of 
 winter travelling. The farmer then drivo.s his grain or hay to market, lays in his stock of 
 fuel, and does all the heavy drawing for the year. 
 
 The cattle graze on the prairie all winter, and except durinf^ the " cold i^ells " require 
 no shelter. 
 
 There is one characteristic of the climate which is phenomenal to the country; wo have 
 said that the dryness of the atmosphere mitigates, in '.act almost neutralizes the severity of the 
 extreme cold, so that in Summer tiie hiqh tein/ierjtare is rendered qutte bearable by frequent 
 and heavy shcvers. These also keo\) the soil alvays moist and fertile, in fact throughout 
 the whole extent of the North-West we meet wi'Ji none of those arid, desert wastes which 
 lie in immense blocks in the same nieri(liii:'9 South of the parallel of 49*. In cousequence 
 of these conditiong the climate of Manitoba is one of the healthiest in the world. Fevers, 
 consunif Mcu and epidemics generally are al)nornial to the country, and prevail only in 
 consequence of accident, carelessness and luckless exposure in the subjects themselves. 
 
 SOIL AND PRODUCTIONS. 
 
 The soil of Manitoba, as far as is known is the richest in the world. It is a rich, black 
 loam, varying in dei>th from one to three fi'ct. The sub-soil is in some jjlaces clay, and ia 
 others sand, and in general is largely impregnated with the warm lime element. So rich and 
 enduring is its nati re that manuring is altogether unnecessary. Heavy crops of wheat have 
 been taken for fifty years in succession off tlie virgin soil. Tl'ie productions of such a soil will 
 at once be recognized by any practical agriculturist. Wheat, the great staff of the world's 
 food, is essentially its prime and most jirolilic product. The average yield of wheat to tho 
 acre is unknown and unprecedented in any other part of the cultivated world. Thirty buthels 
 to the acre is computed to be the average, but it must be borne in mind, that as yet, agricul- 
 ture is only .n its infantry in this country, so that even this enormously large yield, may 
 reasonably be expected to be increased by tlu advance of scientific culture. And tho quality 
 of the grain is unsurpassed by any that has ever been raised; owing to the nature ot the soil 
 it is of <v rirm, nutritious, grilty nature; it rubs clear, hard and pluiu)) in the hand. Butevery 
 kind of cereal can be grown to great advantage. (.>ats, barley, rye, give large returns. And 
 barley is said to be an excellent alternative with wheat, and yields a weight per bushel of 50 
 to 55 pounds. The average yield and prices of grain are as follows: — 
 
 Wheat, about .^t> brsiiels per acre, price $1.00. 
 
 Oats, "40 " " 30c. to 40c. 
 
 I'.arley, "45 " '« 60o. to 70c. 
 
 Peas, " 6r " " 60c. to 70c. 
 
 Vegetables, potatoes, roots of .til kii Is grow in great abundance, of the largest size, and 
 most excellent quality. The exhibit ot these at the Don iuion and Provincial E.\hibitious, 
 ia Toronto. Montreal and St. Johns, elicited general and ui bounded admiration. 
 
 ilN:"!'.es also of all kimla grow wild in gioat abundance and no doubt if cultivated, would 
 rival in flavour those of the far-fained Niagara district. t has not yet been demonstrated 
 liow fruit will succeed — no .loubt the long winter and severe frost may operate against it, but 
 it is unquestionable that the hardier kind of njiples will thrive and yield largely. The culti- 
 vation of bees will in time become a large lartor of income. The rich flora of the jjrairie, 
 with its boundless variotv of petaline food, yii Ids the strongest and most d iicious honey, and 
 the bees stand the dry bracing 'viiiter very well, and require less honey fot their sustenance 
 than in more humid and warmer climates. The beet-root, llax and hemp grow luxuriantly, 
 but .13 yet there has been no market to encourage their cullivation. 
 
 Owing to the extent and richness of the native grasses, and the dryness and healthiness 
 of the winter climate, cattle of every slock can bo largely and iirotitably raised. Those 
 epidemic diseases common in the older Provinces and the United S'll.'^ are •iinknown among 
 ♦hem. Ewes ]u'oduce fleeces from 2 to 3| i)oui!ils, and wethers from 6 ti^ 8 pounds, the wool 
 though of a coarse texture, is of most excellent (piality. 
 
 POPULATION AND llAILWAY CONNECTION. 
 
 The ]»opulation has enorinou.sly increased in the last year o;two. And yet wo don't think 
 that it is of the iiiushrouin kind, so (oinnionly quoted ot American advancement in the 
 Western direction. Eleven years ago ihe jiopulalion luii'.bercd only a few hundred, to-day, 
 according to the best information we can obtain, it mu',i be in the neighbourhood of 300,000, 
 of which the city of Winnipeg counts about 25,000. Of course in tho ju'Cjcnt transition state 
 of things it is impossible, even with the most accurate official enquiry, to obtain exact 
 
 I 
 
il absence of high 
 noti condition of 
 d in Lis stock of 
 
 1 s,-ells " require 
 
 luntry; we have 
 
 lie severity of the 
 
 nihle b}i J'requent 
 
 fnct liiroughont 
 
 ;rt, wdstos which 
 
 Iti consequence 
 
 world. Fevers, 
 
 ]ireviiil only in 
 
 liumselves. 
 
 is a rich, black 
 
 ces clay, and in 
 
 nt. So rich and 
 '3 of wheat have 
 
 f such ft soil will 
 fl of the world's 
 
 of wheat to tho 
 Thirty buiheU 
 
 ns yet, agricul- 
 large yield, may 
 
 And tho quality 
 alure ot the soil 
 Imnd. But every 
 ;u returns. And 
 
 per bushel of 60 
 
 largest size, and 
 cial E.\hibitious, 
 ion. 
 
 iltivated, would 
 en demonstrated 
 te against it, but 
 fely. The culti- 
 II of the jjrairie, 
 cious honey, and 
 tlu'ir sustenance 
 ow luxuriantly, 
 
 and healthiness 
 r raised. Those 
 iiiUnown among 
 junds, the wool 
 
 'two don't think 
 uicenient in the 
 undred, to-day, 
 lood of 300,000, 
 transition state 
 to obtain exact 
 
 
 FOR MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. if 
 
 Statistics on this point. One thing, however, is certain, that the Province is rapidly filling 
 up by immigration from Kurope ; the immigration of farmers' sons from thi older Provinces 
 and the United States. And this peonliiig i.s, we believe, of tho very best class of settlers, 
 Tiz., men who are in earnest as to making the country their home, and living in, and work- 
 ing for its advancement. In fact it is astonishing to he r the self-satisfied and patriotic 
 opinions of those who have lived in the country, and some of them only a few months. They 
 are enthusiastic about their own, and the country's prospects. 
 
 The great drawback which has hitherto existed to tho settlement of Jfanitoba and the 
 North-West, viz., travelling connections with the sister Piovincea and the world generally i3 
 now removed. We refer at some length to the Canada Pacitic Railway further on. Through 
 it, and its connections, easy access is now made to every ])iirt cf tlio Provinf-e, and before 
 the close of 1883 it will reach the Rocky Mo lUtains. 
 
 FOPvM OF GOVERN. UKNT 
 
 is practically the freest in the world. The i>eople are tho source of power. There is no 
 hereditary aristocracy to bind 3i)ciety iti class traditionalism. We have constitutional 
 government — the most easy atid rational arranfremont lietween f{( publicanism and Monarchy — 
 ■ ' ' ■ s the fraticiiis'!. The taxes are much lii;hter th 
 
 and every household has the fraticiiis'!. The taxes are much lii;hter than in the other 
 Provinces, in fact are such a mere nominal thing that tlay are not worth takii 
 in an intending settler's calculations. 
 
 iinginto account 
 
 HOMESTEAD AND PEE-E.MPTION. 
 
 Let us explain these words so that eren the most ignorant can understand them. By 
 homestead is meant a K-t of ItJO acres which becomes tlrj personal inalienable property ot 
 any individual, of the age of majority, who chooses to settle permanently on it, and perform 
 the usual cleariuir, breaking up, and agricultural duties, in one word, make a home of it for 
 himself and family. To every such actual, boml JUe settler this lot is given free of all 
 payment. Hy pre-emption is meant securing a lot of 100 acres under promise of ])aying $2.50 
 per acre, but only four-tenths of this requires to be paid at the end of the third year oi 
 occupation and the balance in easv iii.iialments thereafter. The Canadian Pacific Railway 
 have 25,0 '0,000 acres of land winch they otter for sale at $2.50 per acre, with a rebate of$1.25 
 an acre on all land eultiraieu within live years. 
 
 There are several comlitions of the most liberal and beneficient nature attached to tnt 
 homestead law, which are intended S])ecially to benefit the fioor settler; for instance, 
 " exemption from sei/.ure lor debt of ordinary furniture, tools and farm implements in use, 
 also one cow, two oxen, one horse, four sheep, two pij.'s, and i'ood for the same fur thirty days," 
 and the lim i cultivated by the dibtor provided the extent of the same bo not more than" 160 
 acres, in which case the surplus may be sold with privileges to first mortgages. The house, 
 stables, barns. I'ences on the debtor' i farm, are, by this Act, declared free from seizure, by 
 virtue of all writs ol' execution is^ui d by any {Jt>iirt of this Province. No limit is placed on 
 the value of the farm or luiine, no maiiv'r how great it may become. 
 
 A FKW SirORT rARAGRAPlIS GIVIXC^ SOLID FACTS 
 GLEANED EliOM OFFiCL\.L JJFPORTS. 
 
 1882 is tho r2th year of Manitoba's existence. 
 
 Large numbers of superior breeding stock arc being inuiovtod into the couutry. 
 
 Out of three hundroil statements received from farmers throughout the Province in regard 
 to the healthful ness of the climate, not one is adverse. 
 
 Tlie home demand created by the prosctution of public works and railways, and the 
 immense influx of newcomers will aU'wrd for years a ready market for cereals, roots, cattle, etc. 
 
 The harvests of 18S0 and 1831 were bountiful. That of 1882 was unprecedented and 
 excelled in quantity ]iro rata that of any other jiart of the cr.iitini'nt. The tollowing is the 
 average crop: wheat, about uli.f bushels jier acre, ranging frt.m 18 to 47, and weighii:g 
 from GO to To pounds per bushel. Cats averaged GO to 80 bushels per acre. 
 
10 
 
 MACDOUOALI/S ILLUSTUATED QUIDB. 
 
 The barley of Afanitoba ia pronouncod by brcwors as of siiporior quiility ami v;oIor. The 
 ftveraf^e yield "for the year is given ut -U bushels per acre, in some instauces going as high as 
 60 to 70 bushels. 
 
 Grain should be rarefidly grathered and garnered; it should be thoroughly droned ; seed 
 ehould not be of a mixed character. 
 
 Tlie potato average! yield for the past two years is about 320 bushels per acre, varying 
 from 200 to 600. 
 
 Nearly every farmer can obtain a wood lot in close proximity to his farm. 
 
 Tiie abundance and superior quality of tho hay in Manitoba and the North-Wcat is 
 beyond doubt unetjuallcd. 
 
 From reports from different sections of the Province it has been proved that there is an 
 ample supply of good water for agricultural and domestic purjioscs. 
 
 Experience is rapidly attesting the truth of the statement that tho Canadian Xorth-West 
 afTord.s tiie best wheat pro'iuciiig land in tiie world — due not onlv tc liie wonderful fertility of 
 tho soil, but also to tlie climatic conditions ou whicj. the satisfactory harvesting of the crop 
 depends. 
 
 Seeding time is d'-y and pleasant. No rain of consequence falls until June, when sowinir 
 has been fully compliMed. Augn.-t and September are invariably beautitully clear and bright. 
 It rarely happens that rain intcrCcics with harvesthig. 
 
 Tho Saskatchewan coal fields undeilie an inwncnse district of country, extending from 
 the Rocky .Mountains eastward 'JTiJ miles, and froui the boundary Hue tar northward beyond 
 the Peace Uivcr. Tiiese coal fields iie on the head waters of the rivers which How from west 
 to cast across the Territory, thereby putting the settlers in the central prairies, almost on the 
 same footing as regards fuel, as those who iio riicht over them. While their immenso extent 
 and the fact that they underlie the finest agricultural country on the continent makes their 
 value incalculaljle. 
 
 To enter on unimproveil land and begin ■work immediately for the purpose of cropping 
 the following ye«r, spring is certainly the best time. The road3 become pood in June, and 
 remain so if the seai<on is dry; during the winter they are of course excellent. Any aeasoii 
 would be suitable for the arrival of young men who are in no hurry to begin farming for 
 themselves, and wish to gain information from those who have been soine time in the country. 
 Those with families and who possess capital should allow tho summer to be pretty well 
 advanced before going to Manitoba. 
 
 Passengers by rail in Canada are allowed a certain amount of baggage, about 300 lbs. 
 weight. 
 
 A farmer who arrives in Manitoba with $400 to $,")00 can ea'^ily succeed in establishing a 
 comfortable home in a coui)le of years. I^aborers with less cajiital will find no difliculty in 
 procuring profitable employment until they can save sufficient money to take up and settle 
 a homeetcad. 
 
 The area of land under cultivation is increasing with marvellous rapidity and thousand.i 
 of dollars are being invcsteu in tine ?tock, which arc being placed by dillerent companies on 
 the vast grazing lands of the North-West. 
 
 Land is better and cheaper in the great fertile wheat belt of the Canadian Xorth-West 
 than any other jiart of the Continent. 
 
 There is no land in America so easi' • worked or .vhich will produce as sure a crop. The 
 crop has nover failed here from climatic causes. 
 
 liut little capital is required, and no investment coui)led with industry pays as large a 
 percetftage of profit. 
 
 We have good schools and churches in nearly every set; lenient, and they will increase 
 in projiortion to the incoming population. 
 
 The strong flour made of Manitoba wheat has been quoted at a price two dollars per 
 barrel over other kinds. 
 
 .1 
 
 1 
 
 rapid, 
 
 NOJITII-WEST TERIUTOEIES. 
 
 OBSERVATIONS I.\ THE NORTHWEST, LITTf.E SASICATCHEWAN, AND PEAOB 
 
 RIA'ER DISTRICTS. 
 
 " A continuous farming country extends from Point dii Chone to the Assiniboine, at Fort 
 Ellice, ft distance of 2.'!0 miles, without a break. IJcyond this there are 2.5 miles ot dry, 
 gravelly ground, of little account for anything except pasture. Then follows a very extensive 
 
FOR MAMTOUA AND THE NORTII-WJEST. 
 
 11 
 
 ami k-olor. The 
 going as high as 
 
 ily clmned; seed 
 
 ler acre, varvinj 
 
 je Xorth-Wcst is 
 
 that there is an. 
 
 idiftn \orfh-We3t 
 iderftil fertility of 
 Bling of the crop 
 
 me, when Bowiii<T 
 clear auj bright. 
 
 cxiending from 
 orthward beyond 
 ■h flow froia west 
 es, almost on the 
 r iniDicn.so csteni, 
 nent makes their 
 
 rose of oroppin? 
 )od in June, and 
 mt. Any geasoi) 
 ogin farming for 
 le in the country 
 .0 be pretty we'll 
 
 e, about 300 lbs. 
 
 in establishing a 
 d no difficulty in 
 ike up and settle 
 
 y and thou3and.< 
 Mit comiiauius on 
 
 dian Xorth-West 
 
 mre a crop. The 
 
 r pays as large a 
 
 icy will increase 
 
 two dollars per 
 
 AND PEAOB 
 
 iiniboino, at Fort 
 !5 miles of dry, 
 i a very extensive 
 
 tract of country extending westward to the South pH.skatchewan, and 'r' ndnj indefinitely 
 north and south. This wide region cont.'iins many fine scctious of rich fertile country, inter- 
 spersed with poplar groves, rolling, treeless prairies, salt lakes, .-aline, and other marshes, and 
 brackish or fresli wii'er ponds. VV'hat is not suited for rai.-in;.' ccn^nU is excellent pasture 
 land. Only a few of tlic salt lakes W(.uld be injurious to callle or horses; and tresh water 
 can be obtained without doubt a little below the surface. 
 
 " The soil of this whole region is a warm, gravelly or sandy loam. The surface soil, to a 
 depth of from one to three feet, is a brown or black loam, tiie sulisoil I)eiiiLt gei erally either 
 sand or gravel, consisting principally of limestone pebbles; many boulders are found in some 
 sections. The laud between the two Suskatchewans is all good. Prince Albert Mission is 
 situated in this section. 
 
 " The Peace Kiver section extends along the Rocky >ronntains from a little north of Jasper 
 House to Fort Laird, lat. CI deg. north; and iroin the former point to the west end of Little 
 Slave Lake ; thence to the Forks of the Ath.ili.Tsca Lake, an<l from thence to Fort Imird. The 
 upper part of this immense area is principally prairie, e.\tcnding on both sides of the Peace 
 River. 
 
 " All the Pc.Tce River section is well suited for raising cereals of all kinds, and at least 
 two-thirds of it tit for v. heat. The soil of this section is as good as any i>art of Manitoba, an<i 
 the climate, if anything, is milder. 
 
 " All obsi'ivatious tend to show that the whole Peace River country is just as capable o^" 
 successful settlement as Manitoba. The soil seems to bo richer — the country contains mon» 
 wood; there are no saline marshes or lakes; the water is u{/ good — there are no summer 
 frosts — sj)ring is just as early, and the winter sets in no sooner. 
 
 " About the 20th of April ploughing can con'mence on Peace River, and tlv* same may 
 be sail! of the lyil^le Suskai'-hewan regions generally." 
 
 STOCK RAISING 
 
 " The country is well suited for stock raising throughout its whole extent. The winters 
 are certainlv cold, but the climate is dry, and the winter snows are light, both as to depth and 
 weight. All kinds of animals have thicker coats in cold climates than in warm ones, so that 
 the thicker coat counterbalances the greater cohl. Dry snow never injures cattle in Ontario. 
 No other kind ever falls in Manitoba or the North-West, so that tliero can be no trouble from 
 this cause. Cattle winter just as well on the Athabasca and PciU'e Rivers as they do in 
 Manitoba. Horses winter out without other food than what they pick up, from Peace River 
 to >'anitoba. Bhecp, cattle and horses will require less attention and do not rcTdre to be fed 
 as long as we now feed them in Ontario. Owing to the light rainfalls, the uucut grass is 
 almost as good as hay wlien the winter sets in, wliich it does without the heavy rains of the 
 oast. In tlie sprinjr the snow leaves it alniost as good as ever, so that cattle can eat it until 
 the young gr;iss appears. From five to ul.. months is about ihe time cattle will require to be 
 fed, and shelter will iiltogether depend on the farmer. 
 
 " Five-si.'vths of all the tiuil)er is poplar, and is iuvariabl}' a sign of dry soil and good land, 
 lialsam ponhir is very abundant on tlie islands in nil the north-western rivers, oft?n attaining 
 a diametL'r of from six to ten feet, even as far north, as Fort Siniiison. White spruce grows 
 to u very large size on all the watersheds and slopes of the south bank of the Peace Kiver, on 
 islands in all the rivers, and very abundantly ou the low lauds at the west end of Lake 
 Athaba'i.a. 
 
 " The Peace River is navigable from the Rocky Slounlains for at least 500 miles by river, — 
 in none of this distance is it less than six feet deeji. A c.inal of two miles would overcome 
 the obstructions at this point. For i'O miles below this there is no obstruction except a 
 rapid, which, I think, is caused by boiiKlers in the channel. Their removal would probably 
 overcome the dilliculty. 
 
 " The Athabasca is navigable for 180 miles above Lake Athabasca. Between Lake Atha- 
 basca and the Arctic Ocean only one break exi.sts, biu this is fourloeu miles across by land, 
 after that is overcome, 1,:jOO miles of lirst-class river navigation is met with, which takes us 
 to the Arctic (Jceau." 
 
 GAME. 
 
 foil 
 
 " The moose is still abundant on both sides of Peace River, and the wood buffalo is still 
 
 nd between the Athabasca and the Peace River, about latitude 57 deg. From 000 to 1,000 
 
 head is the estimate of the hunter, lilack bears are very nuuu'ioi'S on the up])er ]«rt of 
 Peace River, arid furnish the chief food of the pi-ople iu July and Augu t. (.'iuil)oo are north 
 and c Jt of Lake Atluiba.scu. and are the chii'f food of the Indians and halt-breeds of that 
 ('■'' bits ni'e iu iuinieiise uuuili('r.s whcicver iIumc is limber, and .re easily takeu. 
 
 region. 
 
12 
 
 MACUOUUALL S ILLUSTRATED OUiUE, 
 
 Waterfowl arc bcvoiul computation, during Septonibcr, in llic neigbborhood of Lake Atba* 
 basca, and Itirgu iloeks of Canada goose uiv f'ouiul on t'oace Hirer all summer. Lynx, beaver, 
 marten and fox, make up ibe chief lur-bearing animals." 
 
 :MISCELLANEOrS. 
 
 Large deposits of coal have been observed on the Saskatchewan between the Rocky 
 Mountain House and Victoria, a distance of 211 miles. 
 
 Coal and ironstone may be said to extend almost all the way from the boundary to the 
 Arctic Ocean, (iypsum of the VvTy best quality, and as white as snow, was seen at Peace 
 Point on Peace River, and for a distance of over twenty miles it extended on both sides of the 
 river, averaging twelve feet in thickness. 
 
 " The absonii of autumn rains in the west is a priceless boon, as it enables the farmer to 
 thresh and harvosi his grain without iujury, aud besides gives him eicollent roads when be 
 needs them most. 
 
 " After the middle of August the rains almost cease, and for ten weeks scarcely a shower 
 of rain falls, giving the faruur ample lime to do ali necessary work beloro the winter 
 sets in. These general chura'jtorisUcs apply to the climate of the whole Nortli-West, and the 
 same results are everywhere observed over tracts embracing 300,000 (tqiiaro miles of 
 territory. One important result of tliis peculiar climate is tlie hardness and increased 
 weight of the grain caused by it. Another ei|iially important fact is the curing ot the natural 
 hay, and horses and cattle do Ijotter to collect their own food on the i)rairie than to be fed 
 wilh hay. All'Stock-raisers know that it is not oold that injures cattle or horses, but those 
 storms of sleet or soft snow. Such storms as those are never seen in the North-West, and the 
 cattle are never wet fiom Xovenibor to April. 
 
 " Many intelligent jiersuns are afiaid of the winters of the Xorth-West, as they measure 
 the cold by tiie theriuomotcr rather than by llioir own sensibilities. It is not by llic ther- 
 inometer tliat the cold sluiuid be lufasiirod, but by the humidity of tiie atmosphere, as 
 according to its luimidity su i- ilie Cviid measured by individuals. All throiigli the fall men 
 never noticed a few tlegrocs ol IVost, and it is no uncommon thing to see a man riding in a 
 cart wiliiout his coat wlien the iheruiomotor is iielow freezing point. 
 
 '■ An atmosphere like this, with k soil oi' abounding fertility, extending over a region ot 
 almost b-nindless e.xteut, causes one to feel liiat the words ot Lord LSeaconsliold were tliuse of 
 a far-.«eeing state^mau, and that our great North-West is truly a land of " illimitable, 
 possibilities." 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 IX A FKW YEAES. 
 
 AVn.\T CAN BE DONE WITH A LITTLE CAPITAL, ENTERPRISE, AND INDUSTRY. 
 
 It will aj>p"ar. from a comparison of the rotiditions of snlc of land? by the Dominion 
 Government and of the Canadian I'aiilic Railway Company, iliat if a lamily of tour adults 
 desire to settle togethc, they may oliliiin a really largo istatc o:i vor}" moderate terms. For 
 instance, cadi of the four mi'iubers ot the t'arnily may settle on the hnir /ree lioni- uleadK, of 160 
 acres each, in any cvcu-nunibered uiioccupiril section. Ka'di may tlien ]iurchasc another 160 
 acres at §'i.:u) (lo.t. .stg. ) i)er acre from ili,' Pacific Railway Co., in the adjoining odd-numbered 
 Fociions. This is the same price as tl'.at oll'ered by tiie (lovermnent pro-einiition in the 
 Railway Pell with the PXce})tiou that the I'acific Railwaj' Company otfer a rcliate of 551.2.') 
 (5.?. stg.) per acre within th.-ce -M' tivi; yours following the date of pai-cliase. on condition of 
 cultivation. The settler., while building on the honuNtends and making cultivation thiTcon, 
 would be able, within the time moutioued, also to cultivate t!ie whole, or tlie rrrcater jiart ot 
 the Pacilic [;:iihvay lands. A family of lour c()Uld in this way, in three years obtain a large 
 estate ot 1 ,'.8 'J acies ol' probably the richest wheat growing land in the world, at a merely 
 nominal price, and thus secure a jiosition, not only of coinparative, but of substantial wealth. 
 Farmers with sons can with great advantage avail thoniselvos of these conditions. 
 
 Another instance is wlu'ie two broilii-rs might take u]) tree homesteads and two quarter- 
 sections of any Ciuvernmeul lands, aud iire-ciupt the remaining two (luartcr-soctions, thus 
 obtaining a whole section, or 01') acres, for their homesteads and pre-empiions. They could 
 then ]>!ircliase the whole of each of the lour adjoining odd-numbered sections of Pacilic Rail- 
 way lands, null thus obtain beiweoii tlieni a large estate ol';!,'JO(i acns. 
 
 The land policy of tiie (lovernmeut of Canada, combined with the advantages offered by 
 the Canadian Pacilic Railway Company, is the most liberal of any on the Continent o) 
 North America. 
 
I of Lake Atha- 
 Lynx, beaver, 
 
 ween the Rocky 
 
 boundary to the 
 ,s seen at Peace 
 both sides of the 
 
 lea tlie farmer to 
 roiuis \\'hen he 
 
 rnrcely a shower 
 l;)i-o the winter 
 li-West, and the 
 iiitro miles of 
 
 s and increased 
 wff ut the natural 
 tliiin to be fed 
 oi'.scs, but tho39 
 h-Wcst, and the 
 
 ns tlioy measure 
 not by the thcr- 
 ulmosphere, as 
 ijrh the fall men 
 uiun riding in a 
 
 over a region ot 
 
 Id ^-ffc thuse of 
 
 of " illiuiitiible 
 
 ND INDUSTRY. 
 
 \v the Dominion 
 y of I'ouv adults 
 I'lite terms. For 
 niiir Ulead,", of 160 
 Imse another 160 
 iir odd-nunibercd 
 -iin]ition in the 
 rcliiitf of <;i.2.') 
 on condition of 
 livdtion tliiTcon, 
 ! gicviter jiiirt of 
 rs obtain a large 
 rid, at a merely 
 istMutial wealth. 
 iona. 
 
 nd two quarter- 
 
 (U'-sectidiis, thus 
 
 lis. Thcv could 
 
 of Pacific Rail- 
 
 ilnpres olTered by 
 lie Continent o) 
 
 
 f|ii!|jl,l 
 
 
 ! i! ?i iilliM:': 
 
 .,.;'M V li 
 Mm" 
 
 
 
 . I,' I 
 111 I 'III' 1 
 
 i) fli 'III 
 
 I'! 
 
 : ijil.' 
 
 
 \'^\m 
 
 iiil^^Siilir': 
 ^iiipillii ihp 
 
 y#T :<*!ff : ii ^ 'pi'' it 
 
 H!i';«^:;'-,^Hi::ili!:j^^ f 
 
 mmmi 
 
 flip' 
 
 ■■' ' '?' I ■ ' '1 * I 1 I" 
 
 , ...rim 
 
 
 iiilill':': 
 
 
 ! li'i ■*''» 
 
 ill 
 
 :r'¥': -■' 
 
 .iWi::;,„!.i.;:i."',!' 
 
 
 1(1' 
 
 mm' 
 
 
 ^f??':!i;:!':li li'rllii f> 
 
 
 lli 
 
 wm''^ 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 ;;w ,, 
 
 .,*f ■ ' ' *i'iliiii[ilil'f 
 
 ''■i'i'iiii''t'i:'!i':i' ''^\''||ri 
 
 ,, ,i:,M 
 
 !l|,!;|- ,.'.;i, i,l:lr|i;''f(/'|; 
 
14 
 
 MACDOUUALL's II.LL-STUATEI) GUIDE, 
 
 THE For.LOWINO ABE THE OFKIOES OK THE DOMINION (1 JVERNMENT IN OREAT 
 
 IJllITAIN. 
 
 LONDON Sir Alpxnndpr T. Cnlt, CCMC lll-h Cuiiimis3ioner fov 
 
 ihe Dominion. 10 Violoiia OlmiiilitMH, London, S. W. 
 
 LIVERPOOL Me. John Dyi<e. i:. Water .Street. 
 
 (JLASGOW Mr. Thomas (Jrnhiimo, 40 Enoch S(iuiue. 
 
 BKLFAST Mr. Charles Foy, L".i Victoria riaiL'. 
 
 DUULIX Mr. Thomad Connolly, Norlhiimberlaml lioiiso. 
 
 settle anj 
 iipoQ rec 
 sections, 
 the year 
 scales wer 
 largely d 
 increased 
 ilisposed 
 occurinpf 
 acres of 
 luonlh tt 
 
 MAIX OFFICES IN CANADA. 
 
 HALIFAX Mr. E. Clay, Halifax, Nova Scotia. 
 
 tH'EUEC Mr. 1). Stallord, Point Levis. 
 
 DULUTtI Mr. AV. C. H. (Jrahainc. 
 
 AVJXNirEG Mr. W. llesiieler, Winnipeg, Man. 
 
 I 
 
 COST FOR TRANSPOET FOR CROP 
 
 Early this year, as soon as the other Canadian railways are comjilcrod, grain will bo 
 taken from any point as far west as Fort Ellice to Thunder Hay on ivako Siiiiorior, and p'lt 
 into elevators there, for probably 15 cents a bushel, but c'ertainiy never to exceed.... 20 cents 
 Propeliors will take it from the elevators, and pas-sing through the Lakes and 
 
 the enlarged Welland Canal, will deliver it in Montreal for 10 " 
 
 From Montreal to Liverpool the average freight may be taken' at Os. .sterling a 
 
 iliiurler, which is eijual to per buahel 15 " 
 
 Total 45 cents. 
 
 Farmei-s in Manitoba now state that the cost of raising wheat docs not exceed, if i\ 
 reaches, 40 cents a bushel. So that wheat will therefore •« grown in .Mauitolia and delivered 
 in Liv-!rpool at a cost to the producer, including all charges for transport, ot 8J cents a bushel, 
 or 28s. 4d. a quarter. 
 
 With wheat selling in England at 40s. a (piarter. there is thus an eiiormo'.it; profit to be 
 made by tiie wheat grower in Munitoba and the N'ortli-West. 
 
 The average price ot wheat in England tor the ;iO years from IS 10 to 1878 was 5.'i3. h 
 quarter — the highest price being 7;''. lid. in 18.").*), and the lowest. JUs 7d. in lii,"i!. 
 
 HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY. 
 
 LAND DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The Hudson's Bay Company are the owners of two sections of land in every township, 
 Nos. 8 and 20, and have a large amount of city, town and village jiroperty throughout tht; 
 country. ?]ach section contains 610 acres and over 500 townships liave been surveyed, 
 containing 1,000,000 acres of which the Company owned 600,000 acres. The Land Department 
 was organized under a special Commission in 18G0. Hon. I). A. Smith accepting the important 
 jtosl, Mr. C. J. IJrydges succeeding him in Juno, 1879. Since that time, under his judicious 
 management, the Company have inaugurated a liberal ])olicy in the sale of their lands and 
 have largely aided the settlement and development of the country. The olfices are located 
 in a new and handsome building erected for ilie purpose two years ago on South .Main Street, 
 where courteous otiicers are always in attendiuice to give tlie enquiror such information as 
 he may desiic respecting the country generally and the lands of the Comiiuny in particular. 
 The Company Head Oflices are, however, located in Montreal. The plans of town sites 
 surveyed for the Company, may be seen and will bo courteously explained, and there is no doubt 
 these properties are among the best ojiportunities for si)eculation in tlic country. The title 
 to the Hudson's Bay Conipanv is direct from the crown, and the terms of sale are both liberal 
 and im;iartial. Respecting tlie lands of the Company, the general average of which is of a 
 BHjierior quality and of the best agricultural fitness, it is not the jiolicy of the Coinpany to 
 
 Estii 
 (low 
 
 We ( 
 
 lishing t 
 up by th 
 province 
 
 Sea 
 
 while on 
 
 iioai 
 
 Fmersoii 
 
 Kaihvay 
 
 Toli 
 
 Vok 
 Wa; 
 I'lo' 
 Chti 
 Sto' 
 Hui] 
 lloi 
 I'ro 
 Kit 
 
 Tot 
 
 Itv 
 jiool, or 
 ik crop ! 
 
 He 
 iirospi'c 
 
 Wl 
 
 Mr. 
 
 acre of 
 
 Pl( 
 Set 
 So 
 Uc 
 Hi I 
 St( 
 C« 
 Tl 
 
FOR MANITOBA AND THE NOHTU-WESr. 
 
 15 
 
 MKNT IN GREAT 
 
 1 I'uiiiniissioner fov 
 London, S. W. 
 
 liullJO. 
 
 rod, grain will be» 
 .Siipt'iior, and p-it 
 xi't'c'd.... 20 cents 
 iilu's and 
 
 10 " 
 
 li'ilJM'/' a 
 15 " 
 
 45 cents. 
 
 s not oxcocd, if ii 
 toliii ;ind dcUveri'i 
 t 8,"ic('ntd abushfl, 
 
 ■moil;: profit to hf 
 
 o lrt7f) was 5.'fg. n, 
 
 ill ii-!,"ll . 
 
 1 every township, 
 ty throughout thir 
 e been surveyed, 
 Land Department 
 iiiff tlie important 
 I'ler lii3 judicious 
 if their Ifinds and 
 )lfii'es are located 
 louth Main Street, 
 •li information as 
 my in particular. 
 in3 of town sites 
 i there is no doubt 
 )unlry. The title 
 e are both liberal 
 ?■ of which is of a 
 the Company to 
 
 settle anj portion of the country at the e.\i>iii3C of another, therefore ]uiniiascrs may dcjiond 
 upon receiving from tho Land Department thoroughly unbiassed reports of the diHorent 
 sections, and can rely upon any information obtained from the ollicers of the Company. During 
 the year )881, tho Company hare sold an average of 'iO,OOJ acres of land per month. Tlie 
 sales were mainly to settlers in the earlier jiart of the season, but speculators have purchased 
 largely during the autumn. The sales up to November last averaged $5.50 j>er acre, but have 
 increased to 5rG.50. In tho jiast two and a half years the Hudson's Bay Company has 
 disposed of property in the North-M'cst to the amount of *2, 500,000, tho bulk of the sales 
 occuruig within the year closed. As near as can be estimated the Company own 7,000,000 
 acres of land in the Canadian North-West, tho demand for which increases steadily from 
 luonlh to month. Sales during IfcSJ were much larger, but returns not refoived. 
 
 FIJOM HOME TO UOAIF 
 
 Estimate of immigrant farmers outlay and requisite capital. 
 
 How much it will cost a faiiiih- of live to make a home for ihcmsclvos in the great West 
 
 FROM GREAT BRITAIN TO THE BRITISH NORTIMVEST. 
 
 We compile from the best authorities the following figures as to the smallest cost of cstab- 
 lisliing the British Emigrant on a. homestead in the great " fertile belt," now being opened 
 up by the (Janadian Pacific Rail vay and being rapidly settled by Immigrants from the older 
 inovinces of Canada, Great Britai ij the United States and other Ibreiga countries: 
 
 Sea voyage, ?. adults at ?25, 2 under age at $12.50 (assisted passages) $100 
 
 Land transjiort from Quebec to Winnipeg, Manitoba, including cost of food 
 
 while on the way 160 
 
 iJoard and expenses whllo making preHminary arrangements in Winnipeg, 
 Kmerson, I'ortage la I'rairie, Brandon, or points on the line of the Canadian Pacilic 
 Kail way west IP- 
 
 Total outlay to time of leaving for homestead, not including outfit $270^ 
 
 OUTFIT. 
 
 Vokeofoxcn $125 
 
 Wagon 80 
 
 I'lows and II, arrows — 00 
 
 Chains, Axe;, Shovels, etc :!8 
 
 Stoves, beds, bedding, and other Ciseutial furniture 80 
 
 Building small house, etc 150 
 
 Homestead fee 10 
 
 Provisions for one year, say seed for first crop (wheat, oats and potatoes) 25 
 
 Ivvtras 100 
 
 Total outlay for first season J'J08 
 
 It will thus be seen that the farmer immigrant by careful management may leave Liver- 
 pool, or other British jiorts, arrive on a homestead witli a family of five, build a house, raise 
 it crop sufficient for another season's requirements for less than a thousand dollars (jf200.) 
 
 lie has a home for his family in the glorious west, the certainty of prosperity, an<i the 
 prospect of eveiy comfort. 
 
 Why should the industrious farmer hesitate? 
 
 Mr. James liiddell, of Miama, Province of .Manitoba, recently contributed an article to the 
 North lirituli Aijricullurist, in which he gave the following figures as the average cost per 
 ai're of wheat produced on his farm in 1879 and 1880 : — 
 
 Ploughing $2 00 
 
 Seed 90 
 
 Sowing and harrowing 50 
 
 Reaping 65 
 
 liindiiig 85 
 
 Stocking 35 
 
 Carrying and stacking , 1 10 
 
 Threshing I 80 
 
 S8 Of) 
 
KJ 
 
 MACDODQALL'S ILLUSTRATED OUIDB. 
 
 TO MANITOBA! 
 
 When and how to go to the Prairie Province— From Bri- 
 tish Ports to Canadian Ports— Steamship Lines and Railway 
 Connections— Quebec, Halifax and Portland— Advice about 
 Sailing— A chapter of general information for the Immigrant. 
 
 The time lins lonp since gone by wlicn it wiv? a question wliotlior llie man of limits 
 means, witii a family and Imt poor pros[)('Ct3 in tli- OUI World, could better liis condition 
 by froinjr to tiie New World and striving to Iniild up a lioino and a competence for himself 
 ami his family. There is no lonjrer a (jiicstion about his beinjj able to do so; it is certain 
 that any man who is al)le and willinf; to work, and who has any exiierioiice or adaptability 
 for agricultural jiursuits, can, in the course ot a few years, build up a better an<l more 
 prosperous future \'or himself and family in the tliiuly-sellled Province of Canada than he 
 can in the over fo])iilated districts of hlngland, Scotland or Wales. Thousands have tried 
 the experiment during the last quarter of a century and practically proved its success by 
 securing comfortable homes in a comiuiralively siiort time, and thousands are yearly 
 following in their foot-stejis encouraged by tlnir slicciss, and fiequentlv helped by remittances 
 from those who have done so wtli as to be able n it only to sui^iiort lliemselves comfortably, 
 hut to assist others who were left behiiiii. Tiie que.-iiion now-a-days, therefore, is not 
 whether to come to Canada or not ; but wli"ij to come and how best to get there, and this 
 cha])ter is intended as a guide to those wiio have lietcriuincd to ti'y their fortunes in the 
 largest, most important and must tlourishiut; colony of the iJrilish Kmpire. First, let us say 
 a word us to 
 
 Who should come to Canada. 
 
 It must always be borne in mini that Canaila is essentially an agricultural country; 
 although we have immense forests, prolitic fisheries and almost inexhaustible mineral wealth, 
 still our rich soil, splendid ])nsiure-lands and magnificent wheat-producing prairies are the 
 very backbone of the country, and agriculture is yearly and ^'carly becoming more and more 
 the stajde industry of the coiintry ; therefore, the " tillers ot the soil " are the class who are 
 most needed here, and who are most certain of achieving success by steady industry. The 
 agricultural resources of Canada are practically limitless, for in tlie vast prairies of the 
 North-West we have a country, ca])!ible of producing the finest wheat in the world, which 
 far exceeds in extent all the wheat ])roducing territory of Europe combined ; and almost the 
 whole of this bounteous heritage is as yet untouched by the plough or harrow, and awaits 
 the hand of man to burst forth into smiling cropi of plenty. To the farmer, then, Canada 
 offers the greatest inducements ; but there is also scojie lor the labourer, the mechanic and 
 the artizan ; and the demand tor these latter will increase as the country grows in prosperity 
 and our manufactures become more thoroughly developed. During the pas* year tfie 
 
 i 
 
FOR MANITOBA AND TUB NORTU-WEST. 
 
 17 
 
 ? 
 
 manufacturing industries of the country have prcatly recovered from the depression under 
 which they — in common with tiie niiinu/iictiiri'3 of (Jri'iit Britain and the United States — had 
 been Buffering for the past four yi'arH ; and the jiresent iiidicationa arc tliat the recovery will 
 be permanent, and tlio fieli' 'or inechaniciil labour in Canada very much enlarged during 
 the next few years. Profess. ,nal and literary men and clerks are not advised to come, unless 
 to fill up previously secured jiositions ; l)Ut tliere is always a considerable demand for female 
 domestic servants at good wages, and farm Iftbourcrs, provided tliey are strong and healthy, 
 can be sure of obtaining employmetit. The class, however, wliich is most needed and most. 
 sure of success is the tenant farmer — with some caoital, or those who have some means and 
 are inclined to adopt farming pursuits. Althougli the Canadian (loverninent makes a frco 
 grnni of one liutnlied aii'l .«ixiy aciis of land to cviry actual si'tller, still a littlj capital is 
 needed to slock it, erect builduij;-', etc., and the ininii;;nirit who has a couple of hundred 
 pounds or so to begin with, stai'ls iiinler favudrnhle circunistanci's which caunot fail to lead 
 liiin to conuiotency in ten or lilteeu }ears, if he is steady and industrious. Having decided to 
 come, the ne.vl iiueslions are 
 
 From Bri- 
 
 md Railway 
 
 dvice about 
 
 Immigrant. 
 
 the man of limited 
 letter his condition 
 petence for himself 
 Jo so; it is certain 
 ice or adaptability 
 a better an<l more 
 3f Canada than he 
 ousands have tried 
 )ved its success by 
 isands are yearly 
 Iped by remittance's 
 selves comfortably, 
 , therefore, is not 
 ?et there, and this 
 eir fortunes in the 
 !■ First, let us say 
 
 How and wiicn to como. 
 
 In answer to the first we would say come by one of the steamslii|) lines from Liverpool 
 or Cilasgow direct to Canada, landing at Quebec and thence pursuing the journey by rail to 
 .Manitoba or the North-West. In no case is it advisable to go by any of the American lines 
 to New York or any other American port (e.Tcept I'ortlaml in the winter) as they will prove 
 more expensive in the end, and the immigrant will consume more time in reaching his 
 destination in the Norlh-West than by adoj)ting the ('anadian route; beside which ho 
 exposes himself to the risk of being swmdled by irresponsible land agents and speculators, 
 from whom he is protected in Canada, by tin; Dominion Governmeut Ikiving responsiblo 
 agents at all important [joints, to f.irnisli iiiimi'.rrants with information aud to direct them on 
 their way. Tiie three lines >f steamers running direct to Canada are the Allan from 
 Liverpool and (Jlasgow, l( 'icliing at Londonderry; the Dominion Line, from Liverpool, 
 toucdiing at Queliec, ami the Heaver Line frt)m Liver[)ool. All these companies have local 
 agents in all parts of Kngl.'iud, tScolland and Ireland ; and it is alwaj's best to apply to the 
 nearest local agents who will furnish full information respecting rates of passage, dates of 
 sailing, &c. ; and siipjily the np]ilicaiit wit'i a lumiher of pamphlets on Canada, containing 
 inlbrmatioii res|iectiiig public lands. Ac. If there does not happen to be a local agent, then 
 apjilication should be made to the Canadian .Minister to England, at the Canadian Govern- 
 ment Bnihlings, 31 Victoria Street, London, K.C., where jirompt attention will be paid to 
 letters or personal application, and the fullest iiitbrniatiou given to intending immigrants on 
 all questions of interest to them. It is always best to puLchase a ticket before leaving home, 
 as a place in the ship is thereby secured and much delay aud inconvenience avoided in 
 Liverpool. In the way of general information it may, however, be stated that Thursday is 
 the day for leaving Liverpool, and the day following from Londonderry or Queenstown, and 
 that the rate for steeiage passage is about XO, but some reduction is made to families. 
 Crossing the Atlantic 
 
 cultural country ; 
 le mineral wealth, 
 g prairies are the 
 ig more and more 
 the class who are 
 dy industry. The 
 3t prairies of the 
 the world, which 
 I ; and almost the 
 rrow, and awaits 
 ler, then, Canada 
 the mechanic and 
 rows in prosperity 
 he pas* year tfio 
 
 In the Steerage 
 
 has lost nearly all the horrors which it entailed twenty-five or thirty years ago, when the 
 trip had to be made by sailing vessels; the passengers had to furnish and cook their own 
 provisions, and were huddled together like sheep in a pen without the slightest attempt at 
 either decency or comfort. Now the various steamships bringing passengers to Canada nave 
 large and convenient steerages divided into compartments, one for married couples and 
 families, another for single men and a third for single women ; the companj' furnishes three 
 good meals a day consisting of meat, vegetables, bre.id and butter, coffee, in:.., ami there are 
 a number of attendants to look after the comforts of the steerage passengers, besides a doctor 
 to attend to their ailments. A separate slee])ing berth is provided for each passenger, but he 
 has to provide himself with a bed and bedclothes, besides a tin plate or two, knife and fork, 
 washbasin and drinking cup, all of which can be procured in Liverpool for a few shillings; 
 
18 
 
 M.\CI>nI<iAM.'s II.M"8TItArEI> (iUIUK. 
 
 Ifiil it will ho (i.-< wril to nil] Iv to one nf the ulliccrg of the Company, or lo tlii' Doniiiiiop, 
 liumipront At'fiil lor advicf " lnTc lo ;_'it iln'in, ami s-o avoid imposition, (if courso, tlii'so 
 iirticK'H (ir<i the inmiij^nintiJ' jirop'Tty and will Ijc iisct'iil to liiin nftor lli^ nrriviil, PSiu'ciiiUy on. 
 hi;" journey liy rail to the .Vorili-\\'i-t, whifh oicnpii's sonio dayd. Wo wish to impress on 
 immi;rrants to Manitoba and Ihc Vorih-^Vc-t, tlii- disiialiilitv of coming direct to Quebec in 
 the summer time, and not to l':ill into the error ot'taiuiif; n ticket for Halifax or any American 
 port, as tiiat involves a lon'x and tedi'UH railwiy journey and considerable additional 
 expense. If the itnniliri'ant desirs to eonip out during,' the winter months, when the Kl. 
 Nawrenep is fru/en and navi^'alicui to (,'ueliec is closed, then Im' should take his ticket to 
 
 eitlier llalit'ax or I'oillaiid, ami cui ip lo <,)urliec by tlio Intercnlnnial or (iraiid Trunk 
 
 Uailwins, 
 
 V/hon to como to Canada 
 
 A? a rule the iiuinii^ranl siiould not come to (?aii,iil:i during' liie winter moullis, say, 
 f''om l>ecember to April, hs there is less chance of the mechanic or aitizan ol)lainini^ employ- 
 ment then than at any other time ; and, a.s liio ^'•|()und is invrrc'l with ,'^uuw, there is, of 
 course, no opening for the tf naul-farmer or nf^ricultural labourer until ppring, ■which 
 '•ommences about the middle of Ajiril. S]irini; is erudier in Mniiiloba and tin! North-West 
 than in the older provinces, and the immigrant leavinp Ijiverjxiol about the middle of April, 
 when the steamers befrin runninc; to (Quebec, would arrive in Manitoba in jilenty of time to 
 take up his land, and have a season of seven months before him in w liieli to build hia bouss, 
 (,'et some of his laml under cultivation and father his crop before winter cornea on. IMie 
 sprinp, or early siuumer, i-s, therefore, the best tinui for the intendiu? ,«"ttler to como out, an 
 it is also for (arm iind other lalionrers. rarni hands should recollect that although harvest, 
 time is the best for them, and they obtain higher wages then, it is better to come out beforu 
 harvest, and endeavour to get an engageni'Mit by thi' year, thereby securing steady employ- 
 ment during the dull season. It is a'se well for liuni labourersto remember that there is 
 some difference between farming in Knghuul and in ("anada, and that tla-y will bo much 
 more valuable after they have spent a year here and learned " the custom-! of the country,' 
 than on their first arrival ; and that, therefore, it is very unwise to ref;i>e an cngagrnietit for 
 n year because the wages ap])ear to iie a little low, or less than hau'ls w ho have been for 
 Rome years in the country are gettiu;^. Having settled the time of depu:luie, the next thing 
 liir the immigrant to consiiier id— 
 
 With the pa 
 
 th- port of 
 jacket, ii'i'' 
 ii,)int on wl 
 
 What to take with him. 
 
 And here ve may =.'iy that ho will find it most to his ]>rofit and convenience to travel in 
 "light marching oidi'r" and not incommode himself with heavy and cumlirous article;! 
 which can be easily obtained in Canada as cheap, and in some cases cheaper, than in Clreat 
 liritain, and better adapted to the clinnite and the country. Bedsteads, bureaus, carpets, and 
 furniture gen<'rally shoubl be sold oft', but it will pay to bring good bedding, blankets, ho\ise 
 linen, &c., and a good supply of woollen and other warm clothing which can be purchased 
 cheaper in the rniteil Kingdom than in Canada. There are also many little nick-nack.s 
 and useful household article" which will bring little or nothing if .so'il, but will come in very 
 handy in the new house; but due care should always be taken as to size and Aveight. The 
 steaniiship companies allow ten cubic feet of luggage free, and tin; railway comj)anie3 150 
 pounds of baggage free for each adult ticket ; but all e.'icess is charged for, and although the 
 charge is moderate still it amounts to a considerable sum for a long journey like that from 
 Liverpool to Manitoba. It is quite unnecessary for farmers, farm labourers, or mechanics to 
 bring their implements or tools with them, as they can purchase them in the nearest town to 
 their ultimate destination at moderate rales, and better suited to the country, iti most cases, 
 than what they would bring with them. There may be some exceptions with regard to 
 mechanics having tools for special trades, but even then it will, in most instances, bo found 
 more convenient to have the money than to be encumbered with a lot of heavy tools. Such 
 articles as are needed on the voyage should be packed in a vali.se or carjiet-bag and taken 
 into the oerth ; everything else shouli be packei in boxes or trunks and plainly labelleii 
 
 ii,)uu on V 
 Ineniber o 
 Und uo-ie u' 
 
 O'ice f 
 ivilh 111. 
 te.|Uii'e'd t' 
 ,|ie adherei' 
 t'o:uply wi 
 \\i' have an 
 t^urgeou, 
 «.n the I'll! 
 liy to avo 
 Be'a-sickne 
 course, if I 
 reuiember? 
 no extra c' 
 the reui'iii 
 themselves 
 heavily on 
 fioui ten t 
 on being 
 
 to which p 
 part of (',1 
 lu)U-iehold 
 ( areful to 
 will find c 
 ll is well, 
 parcels of 
 (.iiistoms 
 
 possible, t 
 
 IVoni the ( 
 
 4 and best \ 
 
 ' time and ; 
 
 To reach 
 
 !Von) tlior 
 
 I'auada I 
 
 iiiaives no 
 
 i\[' which 
 
 -heet off 
 
 (^Hiel>oe t( 
 
 al)oul X") 
 
 .Montreal 
 
 inuuigrai 
 
 tlie cost 
 
 chietly i\ 
 
 a (lord to 
 
 Sleamili! 
 
I 
 
 )v to tiic Huiiiiiiidp 
 
 ._ (If course, llu'.M- 
 rival, o.'4j)('ciiilly or. 
 wish lo iinprcsj on 
 iiect to QiicIk'c in 
 ix or any Anu'ricnti 
 iilcrnlilo ftililitionnl 
 titii-), when tlio St. 
 take hid ticki't to 
 il or (Jniini Trunk 
 
 KOU MANITOUA AND THE NOUTU-WEST. 
 
 vith tho pa"-''::),'!'!' ■< nanv nri'l 'Ip'tinat!')*!, th-;" will lie [I'^f^cd in tiic liul 
 til"' [)ort (it'di'liiiikiitiuri. For wi-nr oii l)(i:iril, daik, Wftria tlotlii'-i are lnj 
 jacket, ini'l :\ heavy clonA or shuvl will In; foiiail vitv couvciiii'iil to 
 ji.)iiitoii wliii'li iiil liiiliiiu' iiiiiiii^tratifd shoulil lio vi-ry <':ir('t'iil, iiiid that i 
 iniMiiljL'r ol liio liiiiiily 1.^ in lA'ooii livalth, for a stri<;t cxainliiatioii is ina'i; 
 nil i ito;ip u'limriMlly uir..".ii''l hy ftijy coata .jioiH diii'tuu id allowed to s.iil. 
 
 On board 
 
 i and d 
 .•t, and a 
 iiivi>. T 
 H to soo 
 
 liL'tore c 
 
 19 
 
 livnn'd lit 
 ti old l)Cii- 
 ivre i.H one 
 111 it rvcry 
 iiiharkiii/i 
 
 inter iMoiKli,^, sny, 
 olitainirii,' cinploy- 
 siiow, there in, "of 
 til siprinp, which 
 id the North-Wisi 
 e middle of April, 
 
 [iletity of tiino to 
 
 I) build hii houss, 
 
 r conu'3 on. IMie 
 
 to come out, nn 
 
 although harvest. 
 ) come out Ijeforc 
 p steady cm|iloy- 
 iiher that there "i-» 
 liey will bo much 
 
 I of the country,' 
 
 II eusriitienieiit for 
 'ho have; been for 
 
 e. the next thing 
 
 ienre to travel i« 
 ciimhroiiM articles 
 :'r, than in Great 
 >aus, carpet.^, and 
 , blanket!?, house 
 ■an be jmrchasod 
 little nick-nacks 
 rt'ill come in verv 
 nd weight. Th'ft 
 ly companies 150 
 md although the 
 ■y like that from 
 or mechanics to 
 
 nearest town to 
 '■j in mo3t cases, 
 3 with regard to 
 tances, bo found 
 !ivy tools. Such 
 t-bag and taken 
 
 plainly hiiielled 
 
 " O'lci; fai'ly ei'i'i:iik'.'d t!ij iinini.;rant will ilo well to ma\'o hi'ii '.elf lhoi'ou;xhly necjuainted 
 Vith llie rules of tho ship, which h« will liiid hioi:.; up in the .-teerii.u'O, and whicli he i.s 
 re ;uireil In oh 'v v.'liile at -^ca. Tlie rul'S are inil ve;-y nnniiTous or exacting, but they must 
 lie adhered tn, luul the stcotago passetiger «ill find il to his comlort ami convenience to 
 Kiniply wit!i tlieiii. thereby conducing to his v.wn lunllh as well lis that of others. Should 
 )ie have any real cau-Je of complaint, he shouM make it known to the ('aptain, who, with tho 
 Fur„'eon, U ri'ipiired to visit the .'^tpi.'rago evei-y day; but tho steeragu is so well conducted 
 M) the I'ana lian sti'iimeiM that ihere is very little cause for complaint, and pa3-ieug','is should 
 liy to avoid i.'iving iiiinec,i'-<,-iary trouble tiy complaining v.ithout just cause. In ca-u of 
 Sea-sickness lliero is scarcely atiything to be doie but to " grin and bear it," allliongli, of 
 course, if the sickness is very long or violent the doctor will attend tho sufl'eror. It must be 
 remember?d that meiUcal advice and treatment are inidnded in the passage rates and there i.s 
 no extra chargv! fur either. Sca-iickness seldom lasts lor more than two or three diiys. ami 
 llie reni'iindi'i- of iho triji will [lass veiy I'leasanlly. Immigrants will do well to s ipplv 
 the.niseives with a few boolvi and imivjis. or t'.iey may sometimes lind the time hang a little 
 heavily on lluir liamU. Uitiiii'/ the spiiiig and summer tlie ]>asiage seldom lasts more than 
 IVom ten to luelve days; and in about that time after leaving Liverpool he can conn', 
 on being 
 
 Lauded at Quebec, 
 
 to whiidi port only it is best to lake a ticket, and there prociiro another ticket to whalevei 
 )iart of (".in ida may bo d.'sired. Immigrants' baggngo is admitted free and includes all 
 hou-iohold ellects, clothing, kc, but not uncut cloth in pieces ; iliercforc, it is <i9 well to be 
 careful to have all cl()tlies cut out at homo anil made up cither there or on the voyage, which 
 will liml employment for the women and girls when they will be glad of something to do. 
 It is well, alsojto remember that tho attempt to smugL'lo through the (Juslom House small 
 •; parcels of dutiable goods might lead to very serious consucpiences, for altho igli tho Canadian 
 ■M'ustoms ollioers are very consiilerate with immigrants and save tlann as much trouble as 
 I possible, they are very s<!vero with wouM-bo smugglers. At (>iicboc the immigrant can get 
 HVom the (!overnm''nt Iimnigia'ion .\gentall tho information ho reipiires as to the cheapest 
 -5 and best way to get to any jiart of Uaiiala he may desire, nod il will bo i'ouud to save much 
 ;ime and trouble to consult him, or sotno of his assistants, instead of tri; ruling to oneself alone. 
 To reach Manitoba tho (|uicl;est way is to go all rail bv w.iy of l!ie Grand Trunk to Detroit, 
 t'rom tiience, by way of Chicago and ,St I'aul, to l-lmcrson, where the branch line of tho 
 ''anada Pacific runs to Winniiieg, the caidtal of tlie Province ; or, if a day or two longer 
 mak'es no dill'erence, it wdl be ]deasauter to go by rail to Collin^wond or Sarnia, from each 
 of whicli iilaces a line of steamers runs ti) Dnlulh, at tho head of Lake Sniieiior — the largest 
 -lie<^t of fresh water in the world — and from thence by rail to ^Villnipeg. The joirney trom 
 t^Uiebec to WinnijiiMg will take about si.\ days, and the cost by imiiiigiaut ti-ain (Urd class) is 
 about X'") ; it must be remembered, however, that this docs not include meals ; but at Quebec, 
 .Vlontreal, Toronto, and other points along the line the Government has erected depots for 
 immigrants where an excellent meal can be had for twenty-live cents (one shilling) so that 
 tho cost of " living by the way" need not be very great. This chipter has been intended 
 chiclly for immigrants coming out in tho steerage; farmers and others of means who can 
 iidonl to come out as saloon passengers are referred to the advertisements of tho dilferent 
 Sleamsliip Companies. 
 
20 
 
 MACDDUUALL 8 ILI-USTUATEU (lUII)K, 
 
 RAILWAY AND STKAMROAT CON.VF.CTrOV.S BKTWRFC.V HALIFAX, QUEBEC, 
 SARNIA, COLLINUWOOD AND TIJE GREAT NORTU-WEST. 
 
 Wo Imvc rondcnspd from offirinl finlP-ta^)l(\^ nf difTorent railway and Btonmboat linos, 
 •x'tween Ilitlifiix mid Wintiipofj;, such iiitorniuiioti a^t will si-rvn to assist tlu' intending; settler 
 iti his calciilatioria ln'Corc stiirtiiiR on liiH jiniitK'V. FiioM Hamkax to Qi'kiifc, im a iustanci 
 OK fi8G miles vi'i INTKIMJOI-OMAL UAll.WAY; co Mmitiial, it is Hi:i miles; to Toronto, 
 I.IIU miles; to Detroit, 1,1-2 miles; tn (hiinj^o, 1,70(J miles ; to Emerson, iMaiiituba, (Inter- 
 nutioiiHl lioiindiujr line)- -•'i"<J miles; to Wiiuiiiie;,', '^,.101) miles. 
 
 l.eaviii'.; IlMlitkx. Mniidiy, at "J.ir) I'.M., yon enn nitivo at Quel ec, at .'1.40 P.M., on 
 Tuoadiiy ; at Moiiin nl, Widiusday, (!.oii A.M. ; at Tomiito ILlTi l'..\|. ; ut Ditmit, Tliiir-idav, 
 ;'.:!,") AAI.; at t'lii(M;io, same day, 7.10 l'..\I. ; at Kme'-son, kiimday, •t.4J I'.M.; and lu 
 Winnipe),', H.ti"> I' -M- 
 
 Some tliic)iii;li trains are liein;^ run in l.ister time, but the above figures may be con- 
 sidereil reliable. 
 
 'I'lii^ dillerent rnntes by rail atnl boat, liv wliicii tlni traveller can reach the Canadi.\!i 
 North-West, areas billows: — 
 
 n<2 INTKIU.'OLD.MAI, RAIi.ROAD to <>neber, eonnectinrf with the (!RAND TRUNK 
 I' Chicii;,'o, with the OMICVCU AM) N( )|{ni-W K.STKU V to Si. I'aul, or, bv tin' 
 C.llC.Vtit), MILWAUKKIO AND S'l'. I'Al'L to St. I'luil, (choice of routes), St. Paul to 
 Emerson vi'1 the ST. V.WL, .MINNKA I't H.IS AND .MAMTOliA RAILWAY, and fw 
 CANADIAN I'ACIKK; R.Vll.WAY to Winnipear, and the we,<t. At Toronto, the traveller 
 may t.ike the (H!KAT WKSl'KRN RAILWAY to Detroit, connectiiijr with the MIClliaA.V 
 (.'ENTR.VL for ('hicii(,o, with same connections 119 befoio stated, between C'hii'apfo niiil 
 Winnipeg, and a chuice of pun;,' over the ALBKRT LKA ROUTE, over the ClllC.'Ar.O. 
 ROCK ISLAND AND I'ACIl'IO R.ULWAY to St. Raul. There is also another roiiH' 
 from Toronto, over the CKKDIT VALLKY AND CANADA HOUTHKKV RAILWAY, 
 with tliiou;;h connectitiiis lor Chicatro, St. Panl, Lnierson, Winnippfr, Brandon, and the west. 
 
 All these competing rniids with their connections, are runniii),' fast thronj.'h trains, with 
 all mt)der;i conveniences, throngli ticketi, etc. I'rices of ticket?, may be learned at any 
 ticket otlice. 
 
 If the triiveller pret'ers 1 1 iro a portion of this lon^r journey by water, lie may vary his trin 
 by taking; a steamboat at Sarnia, Cncar Detroit ) and travid the btantitiil w.nters of Lake 
 .-Superior to Dulnth mr? the N( UtTll-WKST TRA VSI't )RT.\TlON COMPANY'S LINE, or 
 he may ffo from Toronto to (^olliNi^wood, bv the N OR'l'IIKU.V R.MLWAY, ami there connect 
 with the powerful steamers of till* (.'( (LLl.VC W( )( )D LINE to Dulutli. AtDnlnth, connec- 
 tiona arc mad(! with the NilRTlIEBN PACIFIC RAILWAY, v.hich connects at Glyndon 
 with the ST. PAPL, MINNEAPOLIS AND .M.VNITOBA RAILWAY. 
 
 The reader will see that there is no dinieully in reachini^ this far-f:iined ronntry, and ii 
 may be said that rival lines are jiuttintf fortli every elfort to attract jiiitronatje, leaving? n>i 
 stone unturned to increase their faciliiies and c.urv freiirht and i)rts-eiiu''iMs to tlieit new home. 
 cheai)ly. comfortably and satistactorilv. The C.'WiDI.VN PACIFIC RAILWAY has -oi» 
 miles of road in ojieraiion, west of Wiimipefr, and are extending the hue west rapidly. 
 Steamboats navi'jate the .Vsjiuilioine River, west of Winnipeg;, IbrliuO miles. They also piy 
 t)etwecQ Emerson and Winniiie;,', oti the Red River, and also run t; Selkirk, a ilistance ot ZO 
 mi lea. 
 
 
 
 '^tjm- 
 
 r-^.:V.-Mi-'-' 
 
 Vulcan Iron Works, F. TI. IJRVDfiEs, PitopRrETOu. 
 
 A 
 
 In none 
 
 Trave' 
 
 and 
 
 of. 
 
 While 
 
 miscellany 
 
 tions, from 
 
 important 
 
 during i)ro 
 
 A t^rea 
 
 an ollicial 
 
 settler froii 
 
 his own e.x 
 
 havin 
 
 railroad, a 
 
 expectatio 
 
 knows tha 
 
 virgin pra 
 
 of liie won 
 
 The lii 
 
 i peneral ii 
 
 ' section of 
 
 Pucitic Ra 
 
 lie <;iven t 
 
 liiandou, 1 
 
 ujurked 01 
 
 Then 
 
 in advanc 
 
 general id 
 
 from the c 
 
 He may t! 
 
 clearly th 
 
 field note 
 
 prairie, it 
 
 13 fresh w 
 
 1 
 
.II''AX, QUEBEC, 
 -WEST. 
 
 nnd Bicnmhoat linoj, 
 till' intfiKliri}^ settler 
 
 fi:ilK(', IH A niHTANCl 
 
 :t mile.-*; to Toronto. 
 Ill, Miiiiitubft, (Inter- 
 
 Of-, nt .'l.^o P.M.. on 
 t Hrtroit, Tliur-iiav, 
 •l.-lj I'M.; iiM.l it 
 
 von MVNITODA AND TIIE NOnTIl-WEST. 
 
 21 
 
 fik'tires may be con- 
 
 roiicli the Canaiii.ii 
 
 lin GRANT) TRUNK 
 . I'liiil, or, Ijv tliH 
 r()iilcs>, St. I'l'iul to 
 I AIL WAV, and tv-i 
 'oronto, tlio traveller 
 villi the MIOIHGA.V 
 'tween Cliiciitro nml 
 VLT the ('lilOACO, 
 1 hIso ivnotlior roiiii' 
 'HKHV RAII,\VAV, 
 niiddii, uiiil ihu west. 
 lliMiu>:li traiii.H, with 
 y be learned at any 
 
 lie may vary 1ih trii. 
 lit'iil WHtcrrt of Lake 
 WI'ANVS LINK, or 
 ^ , ami tlioro coniieii 
 At Diilntli, conncf- 
 oiiiiucts at Glynduii 
 
 med ronntry, and ii 
 tronaije, h-.u-iiiff ui, 
 .-■ to tlicjr new lioiiic, 
 RAILWAY had -on 
 line west rapidly. 
 ilcs. They also ]t\y 
 irk, a distanee of ZO 
 
 
 ARRIVED IN THE WEST. 
 
 A <'lin|>tor of Actiinl Ex|M>ri<'n«-o In I*roM|M-ctliiK f»r, iiiitl I.ocuIIiik l<niMl. — %%'lial 
 
 In none nn«l How It i<« l»oii<>.— TIiIii»;h lliitt inii«t bo liOnriiPil by Kvery 
 
 Traveller OoMwinitr the PrHlrloH. — Kxtrn<-(*t from Otllfinl PiibllentloiiH 
 
 and the Re<*npl(iiI»tlon of Prnrtlenl Polntn not to be I.ONt NiKlit 
 
 of. — Rauffen, TownHhlpn, Neetionw, <lnarter N<>«'tionM, Home* 
 
 MtendH. — I*ro*enii>tlonH, Rnllwuy I.nndn, Ilndnou'M liny Com* 
 
 |inny I.nndN, Resorvett, cte. — How Nur»'ey I.liieH ore 
 
 Miirkod on tlio (Ground.— M'liere and How to Find tliu 
 
 Roiinfiarles of NectloiiM, Qn;»rtcr Ncction«, Neetioii 
 
 I*ONtHt Itlonninontfi, JlIonndM, ctc.^In Cnm|i.— 
 
 On tlio Trail. — PronpertinK for I.o<>a« 
 
 tlonn.— At the I.nnd OllU-e.— Tlie I'lntt 
 
 Itrenk. — The New Home. 
 
 RULES \ND REGULATIOXS TO BE OAREFDLLV OBSERVED. 
 
 TOR. 
 
 Willie the reader lia.-! Imd plai-ed before liitn in the previons i)nge3 of this work, b large 
 miseellany of praetieal information, tii;_'etiier with railwiiy and Ooverniuent land regula- 
 lion:j, from wliieli lie has formed a cleur idea of what is demanded of tlie settler, it is 
 important to de.-fcrila' to new-coiners what must be done alter arrival in the country and 
 iluring ])rogre.ss to a propo.^cil location. 
 
 A threat deal oi' the inl .iriiiatio!! in this chapter is taken from the " Surveyor's Manual," 
 an ollieial pub ieation, biii it ii the iiiirpojc of the writer to advise and instruct the new 
 settler fioTii actual experieir'e, am' the truth of the dilfcrent stati'iiienta will be verilied by 
 his own experiences slioiild he journey to the interior of the f^reat West. 
 
 havinj^ ln-en carried rajiidlv, comfortably and safely over two or three thousand miles of 
 
 railroad, at every 3tai;e of whicli lonj? journey the traveller's enthiisiasin is increased, and his 
 
 expectations are brijihtened by the evidences on all sides of wealth and prosperity, when be 
 
 knows that further on i:i the ;:jreat u'ldevelojied AVest, there is still a grander country, where 
 
 , virgin ]irairies are open to his choice, he is safely landed then at one of the crowded hotels 
 
 lof llie wonderful city ol' Wiiiniiieg. 
 
 The lirst thing to do of coiire i.^ to visit the Government T^and OfTice, where maps and 
 general infornmiion may be obtaincil. After having formed an idea as to the jiarticular 
 s'ction of count -y he intends to locate his new home, it will be well to visit the Canadian 
 I'acitic Railway and Hudson's Hay (Jompaiiy land oQlces, where valuable information will 
 lie given the settler. Those who sU)]) o f al Emerson, or go thiou'rh to I'ortage la Prairie, 
 iirandon, and other points, will have lo visit the ucaresl laud oilice, which will be found 
 marked on the general map. 
 
 The next question is what kind of information is it necessary for the prospector to obtain 
 in advance ot a jiersonal inspection of the land. Having studieil the map, and obtained a 
 general idea of how closely tl.j section of country he intends visiting is settled, he can learn 
 from the ollicers in cliargi?, what homesteads and pre-emptions are still oiien for settlement. 
 He may then purchase townshp maps, on a scale of two inches to the mile, which show 
 clearly the character of the country, whether prairie, timber, hay land, swamp, etc. The 
 field notes of the surveyor niiij- ilso be examined. In case the location selected is open 
 , {irairie, it will be necessary to learn how near wood lots can be obtained, also, whether there 
 ■; IS fresh water streams or ponds throughout the townsliip. 
 
r 
 
 2J .H\CI)OUaAI.L S ir,LU3TRATEl> (JUIHl!:, 
 
 SV.STKM Of SCHVEV. 
 
 TIk; sv.sioin of survey ia (brce i'l the l)oiniiii'i;i \a\v\^ in the N'orth-\Vi'st is voiy siinpli) 
 and easily uniei-stooil, even by one entirely inexpei-ienced. Tlio lanib aro laid oil' in 
 townships, w.'iich are almost square in form, niciisnring on their east and west sides, from 
 centre to centre of road allowances, which form their boiindarie?, exactly 4S3 chains, and on 
 nortli and south sides, 48') chains, luo'.'o or less accordintj to slit,'ht convergence or divergome 
 oi meridians. These townships aro nnmbued in rcfrular order northward, from the 40il: 
 Iiarallel of north latitude, which forms th;; lNri;uNATio.VAii Bou.sdauy Link, between tlit 
 territories of Canada and those of the United States, and they lie in ranf^es which an' 
 numbered in reijular succession westward of si;indaril north and south lines calloil " prineip;'! 
 meridians," to bo found inarlied on olliciil maps. Kach township ia sub-diviJed into tiiirlv- 
 six serilons of CK) acres, or one S(iuare mile. 
 
 OLTFITTING FOU TIH; T:;i1' AClJOSli TllK PLAINS. 
 
 The reanor, nj .eferiing to pacjo 1.5 of this work, will find a list of ailiele.i with [irii'(;.J, 
 which are actually necessary for the farmer who is t.ikinsf a location; Ijiit ot course ihos" 
 with means, will buy more jdant for the purpose of b'.ealiinp; up a greater (|uantity of hunl. 
 Those who intend {^oinjj West, however, to jirojpect for la. id in advance of actual sjtllemeni, 
 v.ill need only a carnitini^ outtit. Those preparations may bo made as econoniieally oi 
 extrava?;antly as taste and moans sugs^est. A poor man, or a jnrty of two or throf, can gii 
 along very well with a native pony and cart, a small tent, loukinir utensils, a jiail. axe aiil 
 auger, but a pair of ponies and light buckfioard (a four-wheel all'.ur made very ligiit ami 
 capable of carrying a considerable load) much u.scd throughout the country and in geueral 
 use among surveyors, engineers, prospectors and travellers generally, is the most comfortabl ■ 
 mode of travel. Canvas beds and chairs, folding into a very small .s))ace, may be purchased, 
 and small stores with comi)lete " kit " of cooking utensils, all lilting into cacfi o;her in sma'.i 
 space, are couvenient, although the camp lire is still the jiopular way of cooking in \.\v 
 North-West. A pro.vpector should, however, carry just as little bagi'iige as posslljle, auo 
 only such articles as are ])o-:itiveIy necessary and of evory-dny u-e. liesides blankets, twi 
 ruliber shoots should bo included for camping out. A small coal oil stove is often found ver;- 
 convenient, especially where the traveller is cam ling on o]icn ])rairie, sunie distance from 
 wood. Horses should be hobbled at night, especially in II3' time, but in case of losing horses, 
 it should be remembered that cattle and horses invariably graze to windward. I'rospoctori 
 should lie very particular to extiiigaisli camp liros, or a destructive prairie lire m.ay sweep 
 over manv 'v.'.les of country. In ca-ij, howrver, that a party is in danger of being overtakoa 
 by a (ire, which fro'pieatly travels very rapiiily. the danger may be avoided by setting fire tn 
 the i>rairio to loeward, the party fbllowing with their outtit on to the ground so burnt, 
 besides maps, the prospector should bo s;ip;)licd with a compass, and a lield gl.iss would b" 
 found of ire((ucnt service and convenience. Furtlior on in this work will bo found a 
 compl-.'te table of di.stancos, which may bo relied upon. In passing through sloughs and wot 
 place-:, it is best to d''l>i tlirough clear water, where there is sure to lie better bottom than 
 in the grass. Never let a man jiass yon on the jir.iirio without getting iril'ormati!)n as to the 
 condition dl' the roads, etc. Dreak u;i camp early and travel late, take a gojd rest in th'.' 
 middle of the day. 
 
 I.V TlIK FrKI.». 
 
 The course of lines s\irved in the Xorth-U'est is marked on tho gromid by the erection ot 
 y.jS'ts or mounds, which guide the prospector and also serve as landmarks to es'.ablisli 
 boundaries ol farms. Those po.= l3 and mounds indicate corners of townships, sections and 
 quarter sections, and will be always found on tho northeast corner. Posts are three inches 
 wide and show two feet above ground. t)n the prairie the posts stand in tho c?ctro o! 
 •■'ouiids. Iron pists are placed at township corners arid the top ligure inscribed upon them, 
 indicates the number of the townsli'p wiiicli that side of the ])ost faces, and the lower figure-- 
 indicate the range, (^liinrtor ,->oct!.ni posts arc simply marked :'•. With these iioints tully 
 understood, it is not dillieult for the ]irospector, al'ier selecting a location, to iiroceed to the 
 nearest land ofioo a-id give an intelligent .'Statement of where ho desires to settle. It must 
 be remembered that sections \os. y and lid, and 11 and '29, are reserved for Ilud-on's liay 
 <"o;r!jiativ and for School Lands. 
 
FOU MANITOBA AND THE NOUrU-WEST. 
 
 on 
 
 AVfft is voi'y sitiipli) 
 ands are laid off in 
 and w>'st sides, from 
 y 4S3 cliains, and on 
 srgcnoo or divergoiK e 
 ward, from tlic 40il) 
 lY Link, between tiu- 
 in riiiijjos which hit 
 lies ciiliod " prineip;'! 
 J-diviJed into thirty 
 
 niticloii with prii'^;, 
 
 l)nt ot course ilio-- 
 
 ter (liumlity of huni, 
 
 : (jf aetual settlcuieiii. 
 
 ii3 economically or 
 
 wo or throe, can gi'i 
 n.sil.^, a pail, axe anl 
 made very light ami 
 mtiy and in t^eucru! 
 
 the most comfortabl ' 
 
 e, may be ;mrcliaHei!, 
 to each o;lier in small 
 ay of cookinfj in tl)'- 
 •a^'e as ]iossilde, an^i 
 lesides blankets, twi 
 ve is often found ver'- 
 
 Some distance from 
 ca.-^e of losing horse.-, 
 idward. Prospectoi-i 
 airic lire may sweeji 
 r of being overtaken 
 led by setting fire to 
 M pronnd so burnt, 
 lield p:las3 would b" 
 rk will be found a 
 ui^h sloughs and wet 
 ; better bottom than 
 information as to tlic 
 ;e a go^d rest in th- 
 
 ud by the erection of 
 dmarks to es'.ablish 
 nships, eectiona and 
 )3t3 are three inches 
 ind in the coctro ot 
 isciibed upon them, 
 ml the lower figure? 
 1 the.se points fully 
 1, to proceed to the 
 \ t') settle. It mu.-st 
 d for Il'id^on's liay 
 
 I'lt.VCnCAL I'OINTS. 
 
 " Tlie settler from the I'nited Kingdom will, at first, tii.d tlie nomenclature of the system 
 ■of survey a little new niid strange ; but ho will, on slikrl't acciuiiintance with it, becoiiu) 
 charmed with its simiilicity. A settler nuiy obtain a xraut tf l<ji) acres of land free, on even- 
 numbered sections, on condition of three years' com iiuoui residence a.'', cultivation, and 
 payment of an ollicofee aiuounting to ten dollars; and he may p.jrchase on rcasouable term.s 
 adjoining portions of sections by •' iire-cmption " or otherwise. All even-numbered sections 
 (except 8 and three-fiuarters of 20, wliich are Hudson's Bay Co.'s Landsl are open for entry as 
 free homesteads or as j.re-eniptions, unless already taken ui> by settlers. Odd-numbered 
 sections (with the excPi)tion of U and 29, which are School Lands) for 3t miles on each Eidi- 
 of the Canadian Paciiic Hallway, may be generally stated to be Railway Liuids, purchasable 
 Irora the Company, and not open for homestead and i)re-emption. There are also other 
 Railway Lands, which have been appro]»riated in aid of similar undertakings. (See Official 
 Land Hegulalions, ne.xt chapter.) Jieyond the limits of the land granted to such enterprises 
 odd-numbered sections may, if surveyed, be purchased direct from the Government, on terms 
 stated in the Regulations referred to. A scttier in Manitoba may commence on comparatively 
 fiiiiall ca])ital ; that is, enough to build one of the incxjiensivo liouse;'. of the country, to buy 
 a. j'oke o: oxen and a jdougli, his seed grain, and sufficient provisions to enable him to live 
 for one year, or until liis first crop comes in. AVith a little endurance at first, from this point 
 lie may attain to a position of plenty and independenci". On the other hand, a settler may 
 take with him to .Manitoba or the North-West Territories considerable capital, and invest u, 
 in large farming operations, cither in wheat growing ot stock raising, both of which he will 
 probably find very jtrofitable. The settler from older countries shculd be careful to adajil 
 himself to those methods which experience of the country has proven to be wise, rather than 
 try to employ in a new country those practices to which he has b'-'en accustoned at home. 
 For instanc', with respect to jiloughing, or, as it is called, " bieaking '' the ])rairie, the 
 method in Manitoba is ((uite dilierent from that in the old country. The prairie is covered 
 with a rank vegetable growth, and the question is how to subline tlrs, and so make the land 
 availulile for farming purposes, l-^xperince has proved that the beit way is to plough not 
 deeper than two inches, and turn over a furrow from twelve to sixteen inches wide. It is 
 especially desirable for the farmer who enters early in the Spring to \)<\t in a crop of oats on 
 the first breaking. It is found by experience that the sod pulverizes and decomposes under 
 the influence of a growing crop ()uite as eflectually, if not more so, than when simjjly turnerl 
 and left by itsidf for that i)urpose. There are also fewer weeds, which is of very great 
 importance, as it frequently happens that the weeds which grow Eoon after breaking areas 
 dillicult to subdue as the sod it -If. Largo crops of oats are obtained from sowinj;.' on the 
 i'wii breaking, and tlius not only is the cost defrayed, but tlicc is a profit. It is also jf great 
 import.ance to a .settler with limited means to get this crop the first year. Utie Uiod of this 
 kind ot planting is to scatter the oats on the grass, and then turn a thin sod over them. The 
 ;,'raiu thus buried (piickly tiinis its way through, and in a few weeks the soil i.o perfectly 
 rotten. Mr. Ihiley. near liigstonc City, in the vicinity of I!ig:;lono Lake, sowed ten acres of 
 oats in this wa}'. lie put two bushels and a peck to tv; acre. In the fall he harvested 420 
 bushels of oats, wliicli he found to be worth enough to j'ay for the breaking and give him 
 ST.") I'csides. Th;s is a practical reported experience. There is also testimimy from other 
 farmers to simila.- ellcct. The settler should plant ])olatoes the first year for his family use. 
 and do other little things of that kind. Potatoes may be put in as late as June the 20th. All 
 that is equircd is to turn over a furrow, put the p-itatoes on the ground, and then tiu'u 
 another furrow to cover them, the face of tbe grass being placed directly on the S"ed. No 
 lioeiiig or further ciiliivaiion is required except to cut off any weeds that may grow. Very 
 heavy crop:' of ilue potatoes have been grown in this way. Delbre the prairie is broken the 
 Bod is vcrv tough, and recpiires great force to break it , b\it .alter it has ouco been turned tln\ 
 Bub.-cquent idoughiugs are very easy, from the friability of the soil, and ganir jdougbs may 
 er.sily be used. On a<'count of the great force rL.;uired to break the prairie in tlie first 
 inslauce, there arc- many who prefer oxen to horses; and there is also a liability of horses 
 bec.'oming sick in .M.initi.dia when first talam tiiore from the older ])arts of tlie continent, until 
 they become accus'.oiui.'d to the new feed and the country, especially if they are worked hard, 
 it is for this rea-o;i tliat oxen, which ivre not liable to the same casualties as horses, are 
 better suited for breaking the lu'airie. A ])air of oxen will break an acre and a half a day, 
 with very little or no expense at all for feed. Mules have been found to do very well, ami 
 they are consiilered well a<lapted for pr.iirie work. Distances on the Map, in miles, may bo 
 ascertaiiu'd aiq)rox;m;i'..;l_j by counting the Townships to be [jussed over and multiplying tko 
 number by six.'' 
 
 This cliajitcr of ■' I'ractical Points,'' is taken from an official publication is-ucd by the 
 Department ol' Agriculture. 
 
 ( 
 
24 
 
 MAOHOUGALI, S ILLUSTRATED OUIDE. 
 
 i 
 
 , 
 
I 
 
 GAZETTEER 
 
 — OP ■ 
 
 Towns, Villages and Settle/vients 
 
 — IN — 
 
 ANL TUB 
 
 NORTH-WEST TERRITORIES. 
 
 In attempting to compile a correct and reliaMo Gazetteer for the Canadian North-We3X, 
 where changes are so rapid, and wliere new towns spring into existence every few weeks, we 
 Iiave undertaken a difficult task, and one cot easily fulfilled satisfactorily. It has been our 
 aim, however, to collect such information from those on the spot as will serve the interests of 
 our readers, and we shall trust to future editions to make the necessary amendments and 
 alterations. 
 
 Alexandria. — Township 2, Range 6, west. 
 A well settled township, soutli west of Pem- 
 liina Mountain, having a post oflice, general 
 stores, &C. 
 
 Archibald, P. O. — Tupptr Township, 
 Range 9, west. Pcmhinu Mountnin district, 80 
 miles S. W. fVom Winnipeg, on projected line 
 of South-Wcstern Railway. A post office, 
 hotel and store are already cstahli,<hed. The 
 townsliip is well settled, llig Pemljina River 
 runs through, and liethune's Lake is situated 
 iu this township. 
 
 Arotle. — Township 14, Range 2, west. In 
 one of the half-breed reserves, but now 
 l:iigely occupied hy a tiirifty class of i'armers. 
 lias a post oilice 1^ miles horn Railroad Sta- 
 tion at tStonewall. 
 
 Haie St. PArr,.— On the Asainibiine, about 
 tliirty miles from Winnipeg, is a very 
 nourishing settlement with a population of 
 (iver 1,000. Tlio parish was established in 
 1832, by Rev. George A. Celcomet, and a Ro- 
 man Catholic church built, which was suc- 
 ceeded four years ago by a very largo and 
 handsome structure. The town has several 
 schools, hotels, post office, stores, kc, and 
 the registry office for JIarquette East. 
 
 Balmoral.— Township l.*), Range 2, cast, 8 
 miles north from Htonewall on line of the 
 C. P. R A\'est is a well settled towiiship 
 with good soil, and is abundantly sujtplied 
 wi;b wood, has several schools and churches. 
 
 and on Section 7 a store, blacksmith shop, 
 and post office. A grist mill is soon to be 
 erected. 
 
 Battlkford, N.-W. T— Is the Capital of 
 the North-West Territory, and is well situated 
 on the south bank of Battle River, aliout two 
 hundred feet above the waters, almost at the 
 conltu^nce of that river with the Saskatche- 
 wan, which is navigable to thi3])oiut, and on 
 which the Hudson liay Company has steam- 
 ers running. Government ilouse is a fine 
 edifice, and witli tho otiicos of the Stijjendi- 
 ary Magistrate and Registrar forms an irn- 
 ]i{)slng range of buildings. Battleford is the 
 lieadquarters of the Mo'inted Police, is con- 
 necteil with the outer world by telegraph, 
 and boasts tiie first newspaper published in 
 the North-West Territories, the Saskatche- 
 wan Herald, a very spicy little sheet. There 
 are three churches. Catholic, Protestant and 
 Presbyterian, and a school ; and a population 
 of about tour hundred besides the Police. 
 Battleford is already a place of some import- 
 ance, and may yet rank among the cities ot 
 the North-West. 
 
 Beaconspield, P.O. — Section 19, Township 
 G, Range 9, west, 20 miles S. E. from Hall's 
 Landing on Assiniboine River, with weekly 
 mail tcrvica by stage from Emerson, five 
 miles from steam saw mill and grist mill, 
 with 3 run of stones. In centre of a thick 
 and wealthy English settlement. 
 
T 
 
 2« 
 
 MACDOUGALL'a ILLUSTRATED GUIDE, 
 
 I)i:i,M0XT.— Township -l, Urtnge C, \.-e3t, a 
 thriving fi'ttlemcnt with nliout 100 pop'ilH- 
 tlon, situa 111 soutli-wcst of Uoync, which is 
 the nearest post-otlicu. 
 
 liKntiKiELi), a Mcnnonite village iu sectiuu 
 7, Towiishii) 5, Range 5, cast. 
 
 BKRr.TiiAr., a Mcnnonite village in seciion 
 2i, Township 7, Range 5, cast. 
 
 Bkulin'— Townsliip 14, Ra!igo4, west, pop- 
 ulation about lOU; ni'arest pust-oHice (.).<so\yo. 
 
 Bi,rMEX(;AiinT, a 5Ionnonite village in sec- 
 tion 35, Township 7, Range 5, east. 
 
 Ri.uMKNiioF', a Mennonite village in section 
 35, Township 7, Range 0, east. 
 
 Bi.uME.NORT, a Mennonite village in section 
 35, Township 7, Range (i, cast, lias a stiam 
 saw and grist mill. Customs House being 
 built this fall. 
 
 Blumeufki,!), a Mennonite village in sec- 
 lion 21, Townshii) 0>, Range 5, east. 
 
 Bi.uM.STKiN', ft Mennonite village ia section 
 17, Township 0, Range 5, east. 
 
 BoY.vE.— Township 6 Ranges 4 and 5, west, 
 ft Very flourishing scitlemeut first settled in 
 1872, has a post oUice, store, and is growing 
 very rapidly. 
 
 Brandon. — On the A3sinil)oine River ; has 
 pince the crossing of the C. P. Railway been 
 located there, and within a few months, 
 sjirung from an unnamed epot to a town of 
 considerable importance, and is now attract- 
 ing more speculative interest and invested 
 capital than any other jioint west of Winni- 
 peg. Over i^lOO, 000 has already been realized 
 fVoiii the sale of its iots, which have com- 
 matuled as much as ;^1,000 each in choice 
 [lositions. And, willi the maguiiicent coun- 
 try which will lie tributary to it, it bids fair 
 to i'ullil the exju'ctations of its enercetic and 
 sanguii-j resiileuts. Indeed it is fair to pre- 
 sume iliat witliin a few montiis it will be 
 second only to Winnipeg ii: importance in 
 die Province. 
 
 Brant.— Township 14, Ringe 1. e.ast. A 
 very line townsliip almost fully settled, has a 
 large average of crop this year. [School and 
 jiost oflice 5 miles north iioni Stonewall on 
 C. P. Ry. 
 
 I'l-rnside. — Township 12, Range 8, west, 
 between Lake Manitoba and Assiniboino 
 River. Post office and school on Section IG, 
 10 miles west from Portage la Prairie. Messrs. 
 Kenneth MciCen/ie and II. (Jraiit were the 
 lirst settlers, and are the largest grain growers. 
 Population about 3,')0. 
 
 Caledonia.— Township 0, Range 7, east. 
 A fine settlement, situali'd norUi-cast of the 
 parish of .Ste. Anne des Cheiies, which is the 
 nearest post olliee. 
 
 Carman.— Section 1^0, Township (3, Range 
 4, west. On l)o3Mie River is a very fine, well 
 cultivalecl district. Weckiy mail coinmnni- 
 <ation with Emerson. There is one church. 
 Two mills and two implement \\arehouses 
 are to be erected shortlv. 
 
 Chartitz, a Mennonite village in section 10, 
 Township 7, Range 5, east. 
 
 Clandeiioye.— Townships 1 land 15, Rang'' 
 4, east, 7 miles west from Selkirk, has a 
 ])opulation of 15ii, Echool and post oilier 
 Jacktish Creeic runs through the townshi]!, 
 as also the tail t) the Icelandic settlement, 
 Giinli, on Lake Winnipeg. 
 
 Ci.eau Si'Rinq. — A settlement in Township 
 7, Range 7, cast, comprises about one- 
 fourth of the townshii). ^'"^ remainder beiiiy; 
 part of the Mennonite Reserves. 
 
 Cr.EAitwATKR,— Section 16, Township 2, 
 Range 12, west, 100 miles west from Kmcrso!.' 
 on Cj'press Creek at the crossing of main 
 IiiL'hwny to Truth Mountain and the Sonris. 
 The river whose clear, Ijcautiliil water gives 
 the village its name, has some good wafer 
 power iu the vicinity. Clearwater has a 
 general store, hotel, agricultural Avarchouse, 
 limestone quarry, water-power mill and jiosl 
 office, with every prospect of railway com- 
 munication. Mail weekly. 
 
 Cook's Crekk. — Townsliip 12, Range C, 
 cast, has 1 school, 1 Kjjiscopal church, is a 
 Methodist mission station. Weekly muil. 
 Population 220. 
 
 Derdy. — Township 13, Range 10, west. 
 Population about 150, has a ['ost oflice called 
 Wel'.ington. 
 
 '/OMiNioN City — A ,'^tation on the Pem- 
 bina Branch, <'. P. R. , 54 miles south from 
 AVinnijieg on Rosseau l!iv(!r. Has 4 stores, 
 .^aw mill, 2 churches and post oflice. Popula- 
 tion 200. 
 
 Dlck Lai;r, N.-W. T.— This settlement is 
 about twelve miles .soulh-east of Carlton 
 House, 510 miles west nf Winnipeg, and is fast 
 becoming a considerable commercial centre. 
 Stobart, Eden k I'o. have a large sture here, 
 and there is a Catholic church ami school, 
 the latter in cLarge of t!;e Grey Nuns. 
 
 DuKFERiN.— Township 1, Range 2, cast, 
 comprising I. R. II cii.^i. and the settlement.-) 
 on the river, except \Vest Lynne. Has a 
 Presbyterian church, several stores, hotel, 
 post oilice, &c , and is iphte a flourishing 
 settlement. 
 
 DciMiosT. — .V station on the Pembina 
 Branch Railway, 42 miles south fioni Win- 
 nipeg. 
 
 nu.XDAa. — Township IG, Range 2, east, 15 
 miles north from Sionewall. Poiuilation 100. 
 
 Dynkvor.- Formerly St. Peter's, an old 
 settlement on the Red River, 20 miles north 
 fi'oin Winnij)eg, has post oliice, Protestant 
 church and two stores. 
 
 Eden. — Township 10, Range 15, west. A 
 new settlement at the b.nse of Riding Moun- 
 tains, containing some of ilie best laud iu tho 
 Province with good wood and water. 
 
 Edmonton, N.-W. T.— A Hudson's Bay post, 
 880 miles west of Winnipeg, has a popillation 
 
 It 13 a post 
 ice, and has a 
 
 of about 300 ; ra])idly increasing. It is a post 
 of the .^'orth-^\'est .\Iounted l'olic( 
 
FOR MANITOBA AM) THE NOIITU-WEST. 
 
 27 
 
 village in section 10, 
 
 St. 
 
 lips It mid 13, Ran<,'i' 
 _oiii Selkirk, Las "a 
 )ol and post ofiirc 
 ■oiifrli the towiisliij), 
 celaiulic seltlcmeut, 
 
 emont in Townsliip 
 iprises about oiu;- 
 lliR rcmaiiider beiiij; 
 serves. 
 
 IC, Township 2, 
 3 west from Kmerson 
 e crossinjx of main 
 ain and the Souris. 
 I'autihil water gives 
 ,s some pood water 
 
 Clearwater has a 
 cultural warehouse, 
 lower mill and i>ost, 
 et of railway coni- 
 )■■ 
 
 iship ]2, r.an^e C. 
 iscopal church, is a 
 ou. Weekly mail. 
 
 Range 10, -n-cst. 
 ' a post office called 
 
 ilion on the Peni- 
 It miles south from 
 •er. Has 4 stores, 
 )Ost ofiicc. I'opula- 
 
 -Tliis settlement is 
 Ih-east of Carllou 
 r'innipeg, nndisfasi 
 commercial centre. 
 > a large store hen', 
 church and school, 
 Grey Xuns. 
 
 I, Range 2, east, 
 iiiid the settlements 
 'St Lynne. Has a 
 eial stores, hotel, 
 quite a flourishing 
 
 on the rcmbina 
 5 south from Win- 
 Range 2, east, i:. 
 1- rojiulatiou lOo. 
 
 - Pel or' 3. an old 
 er, 2i; miles north 
 oliice, i'rotestant 
 
 mge ir>, M-est. A 
 of Riding A[onn- 
 le best land in the 
 uid water. 
 
 Iiidson's Ray post, 
 , has a population 
 ising. It 13 a post 
 I'olice, and bas a 
 
 hotel, two grist mills, two saw mills, one with 
 sbinglo and btli attachment, three churches, 
 several stores and a post oflice. Gold is found 
 ou the Saskatchewan River in paying quan- 
 tities, and several hundred tons of C(jal have 
 been taken out within two miles of the town. 
 The Hudson's Lay Company are laying out 
 the town site, which, overlooking the Saskat- 
 chewan at an elevation of several hundred 
 feet, is one of the most jiicturesiiue in the 
 North-West. With its many advantages 
 Edmonton must be'Diiie one of the leadiug 
 cities of the Norlh-West. 
 
 FoKT CAitLTOv, N.-W. T.— Is a Hudson's 
 Hay Company post on the North Saskatche- 
 wan, 520 miles west of Winnii)eg. There is 
 ft post office herf, a good store and a church. 
 The population of the district is over one 
 thousand. 
 
 FoitT Pitt, X.-Vr.T. — A Hudson's Ray post, 
 CS7 miles W. of ^Villllipeg; is the headcpiarlers 
 of the Catholic mijsiou to the Cr"es; there 
 is a good church, and an excellent school 
 where the Indian children are taught to read 
 and write their own language. 
 
 FoaT Saskatcukwan, N.-W. T,— This is a 
 French Canadian settlement >S3j miles west 
 of Winnipeg; it numbers about one hundred 
 and (iity souls; and has two stores, a l/'atlio- 
 lie church, ami a jiost odice. Siiil is fertile, 
 and the coal found in the neinjlibomhood is 
 even better than that found at Edmonton. 
 
 Fort Vkumilion-, V.-W.T. — A Hudson's Rav 
 post on the Peace River, over GOO miles north 
 of Winnipeg. Cereals grow here to great 
 perfection. In the garden of the otUces of 
 the Fort last vear, IS bii.sUels of wheat were 
 taken from liaif an acre, and there ^rel■e 
 excellent crojis of barley, jiotatocs, turnips, 
 beets, onions, carrots, jiarsnijis and cabbage. 
 Many of the potatoes weighed over 2 lbs. 
 
 FiiANKLiv.— Township 2, Range 3, east, on 
 
 the east side of R'd River, is a ]iarlially set- 
 tled township, having about 100 population. 
 
 Fnii;i)ni(:iiSTU.\L. — A Mennonito village iu 
 Bcction 5, Townshij) 0, Itange J, east. 
 
 Galtuikr. — Township 2, Range 1, east, on 
 the Red River, 50 miles south from Winniiu'ir, 
 a French seitlei!ieul of about l.nuo. The 
 village has a population of 'JO^i, with ]ilaces 
 of business, 1 grisi mill, church, school and 
 post oliice. 
 
 Gladstone.— Township l-J, Range 11, west, 
 at the crossing ot NVliito .Mud River. Popula- 
 tion about 500. The township is well laid 
 out, and the jdace growing rapiilly; has a 
 Protestant church and school; grist and saw 
 mills, hotels, stores, post otlice, \c., and pro- 
 mises to become one of the most important 
 towns iu the I'roviuce. 
 
 GnAsp'tKUK. — ToW!:s!iip 1 ', Range], cast, 
 is a thickly settled lounship, coiil;uning the 
 thriving town ot Stonewall ;" is well supjilied 
 with sciiools. ( iiurclies, stores, ic. This whole 
 town.shi)! is undeilaiil with limestone rock. 
 
 Gi!Kf;\ Rinr,E.->-Townshii) 2, Range 4, cast, 
 55 miles from Winnijieg, 12 miles N. E. from 
 Emerson, 8 miles cast from Dominion City 
 on Pembina Hranch C. P. R., 2 miles soutlx 
 from Uossean River. It has 2 general stores, 
 1 church, school and jiost oliice, with weekly 
 mail. Coal has been discovered 8 miles cast 
 from here. 
 
 GmcENwoon. — Township 15, Range 2. cast, 
 is a flourishing settlement, 15 miles north-east 
 from Stonewall on the C. P. R., has a popu- 
 lation of about 200. Mail weekly. 
 
 (ii'.iM'Ki.n. — A Mennonite village in section 
 32, Township G, Range 5, east. 
 
 ("iKiNTiiAi..— A Mennonite village iu section 
 OJ, Township 5, Range 5, east. 
 
 Gi;oswKi)K.- A Mennonite village in sec- 
 tion 1, Township 7, Range 4, east. 
 
 CfAi)ENKi:r.i). — A Mennonite village iu sec- 
 tion 10, Township 5, Range 5, cast. 
 
 HuADiNfiLY. — One of the most flourishing 
 settlements on the Assiniboine, 13 miles from 
 Winnipeg, with a jiopulation of over 1,000; 
 has a Protestant and a Presbyterian Church, 
 and several good schools, with a good hotel, 
 seveial stores and a post oliice. 
 
 lIiiiH lU.ri'F. — Situated on the Assiniboine 
 River, about 50 miles from A\'iunipcg; is an 
 old settlement, with a population of about 
 500; th(;ro is a jiost oliice, several mills, 
 stores, kc, a Protestant Church and a Pres- 
 byterian Church. 
 
 Hnciin?:i,i). — A Mennonite village in sec- 
 tion 30, Township 7, Range 0, cast. 
 
 IIociiSTADT. — A Slennonite village in sec- 
 tion 3, Towuship.G, Range 5, cast. 
 
 Holland. — Township 7, Range 11, west; 
 a well settled township <) miles irom Smarts' 
 Landing on Assinilioine River, post oiUce on 
 section 28. JIail fortuigiitly. 
 
 Hudson'. — Township 1, Range 111, cast, 
 situated east of Emerson, is a small settle- 
 ment on the boundary Hue. 
 
 Ht.'.MiioLDT, ^.-W. T — A telegraiih station 
 at the junction of the ti'lcgraph line and the 
 Rattlelord road, 453 miles from Winnipeg. 
 
 KiLDOXAN.— On the west bank of the Red 
 River, five miles from Winnipeg, is the oldest 
 English parish in the Province, Laving been 
 first settled bj- the Earl of Selkirk's colonists, 
 in lSi4, and named alter their old Parish in 
 Scotland. Population about 500. The town 
 is a flourishing one, has a post office, several 
 churches, stores, literary and other societies, 
 and an c.Kcellent school. Thi> municipality 
 of the parishes of Kildouan a:id St. John was 
 organized in 187(J. > 
 
 KiiONRTiiAL. — A Mennonite village in sec- 
 tion 4'i, Township 7, Range ■), east. 
 
 LKTr.i.LiKii.— Township 2, Range 1, east, a 
 will-seltled township, situated west of Rivi6re 
 aux .Marais, near Red River; is chielly occu- 
 jiied by French Canadians who ha\e returned 
 from the United Slates under the uiuction of 
 
 i 
 
f 
 
 28 
 
 macuouqall's illustrated guidb, 
 
 the Manitoba Colonization Society. Uti3 a 
 Koman Catholic Church and a post office. 
 
 LiviuaBToy.— Township 14, Range 12, west, 
 on the west of Gladstone, from which it 
 receivos its mail. Population aljout 100. 
 
 Mbadow Lba.— Section 30, Township (of 
 Jleadow Lea) l.'i, Ranfce 3, west, a station on 
 the Can. Pacific Ry., 35 miles north-west from 
 Winnipeg, with population of ten families in 
 centre or fine stocK-raisinp: country, which 
 Ehips large quantities of milk daily hy train 
 to Winnipeg. It has 4 stores and 3 school 
 houses within the township. 
 
 Melhouhne— Township 14, Range 5, west; 
 population about 2U0; nearest jiost ollice, 
 Poplar I'oint. 
 
 Melwooi).— Township 3, hange 111, cast, 
 a partially settled township north of Riviere 
 uu Rosscau. 
 
 Mkx.vonitf, Settlements, Pembina Moun- 
 tain. — The first settlement of Meunonites, in 
 the Pembina Mountain Reserve, took place in 
 July, 1870, when about 300 families arrived. 
 Atthe j)rcsent time there are thirty-four 
 villages, with populations of from 70 to 200 
 each, making a total of about seven hundred 
 familie.^, or over four thousand souls. The 
 only church in the Reserve is in their land 
 aud there is no j)ost ofiice, the mail being 
 taken from Emerson. There is a school in 
 rvcry village, and also a grocer, blacksmith, 
 shoemaker, carpenter, and f-addler. There 
 lire several grist and saw mills; and the 
 ]ieople, w'lio are nearly all farmers, are well 
 su))plied with farm stock and impl-^ments. 
 There are settlements also at that river and 
 Scratching River. 
 
 Mii.LBROOKE.— Township 10, Range 6, east, 
 18 miles east f-om Winnipeg, is a fairly settled 
 townshij). Has a school, church, and post 
 oilice. Population 200. 
 
 Miu.s. — Township 2, , Range 8, west, a 
 new townb;liip jiarily settled. Alexandra is 
 nearest post olli<e. 
 
 MiNNi'DosA. — Is a thriving town on the 
 little Saskatcliowan liivcr, 80 miles from 
 Portage la Prairie. It possesses a grist and 
 saw mill, several fine stores, a fust-class 
 hotel, a post ortice, etc., and is growing well. 
 Its business men are energetic aud will make 
 the town a fitting centre for the tine country 
 surrounding it. 
 
 Monnis — A thriving town on the Re.l 
 River, atthe moulli of Scrati'hiiig River, 24 
 miles north of the boutidaiy line and ;-!i3 from 
 Winnipeg. Tiie town jilot was laid out in 
 18". 7, and there is now a population of over 
 litiO ; there are four line cliurciies, Jletlio- 
 dist, Kpiscopal-Melliodist, Presbyterian ami 
 Church of England. Tiic latter building i'^ 
 lately coni])leted at a cost of lj)2,500. It has 
 also a school, two hotels, a grist and saw mill, 
 two brick yards, two largo grain warehouses, 
 several stores and a weekly newspa])er. It 
 is the centre of a line agricultural country, 
 and with the prospect of early railroad con- 
 
 nection promises at no distant date to become 
 a large town. 
 
 Nklsowillb.— Situated in Townships 3 
 and 4, Range C, about 70 miles from AVinni- 
 peg, and 58 west from Emerson. Is the lead- 
 ing town in Southern Manitoba and ia sur- 
 rounded by one of the richest and best settled 
 districts in the whole North-West. It has 3 
 hotels, 3 implement ■warehouses, a grist mill 
 with three run of stone, saw mill, shingle 
 factory, two cabinet factories, C stores, a 
 Dominion Lands office, a newspaper, the 
 M'lriitoba Mountaineer, the registry office for 
 Duflerin and Lome, and post office with bi- 
 weekly mail. One church is completed, two 
 are under course of construction. The pro- 
 fessions are represented by three doctors, one 
 lawyer and four resident clergymen. Its 
 growth has been rapid but steady, and a« it 
 will almost certainly bo a jioint on i In- 
 Western liailway it must soon develop into a 
 considerable town. 
 
 NivEiiTiM.B. — On the Pembina Branch of 
 C. P. Ry. 20 miles south of Winnipeg, is sup- 
 ported on the east by the Mennonite Settle- 
 ment known as Rat Creek Reserve, adjoining 
 which on the cast are the thriving settle- 
 ments of Clear Springs ami Point du Chene. 
 It has two stores, a hotel, a grain elevator, 
 with a capacity of 3(i,0oo bushels; a daily 
 mail and telegraph office. 
 
 Notre-Damk I)B LoiiLTTK.— This parii'.h is 
 situated ^/n the Seine River between the 
 jiarishcs of St. Boniface and St. Anne de 
 Chetie, aud was settled in 18G0. It has a 
 ]{oui:in Catholic Church, two schools, and 
 several stores. The post office is Lorette. 
 
 Oaklanps — Township 13, Range 7, west; 
 second township north of Portage la Prairie; 
 pojjulation about 200; has a hotel, general 
 Store, and post office. 
 
 Ossowo. — Township 13, Range 4, west, 
 north of Bale .St. Paul and Pojilar Point; was 
 reserved tor Oerinau settlers bv the German 
 Society, Montreal, but they failing to send in 
 S'tllers, the township was rcojieued for set- 
 tleiucnt, and has filled up rapiilly. There is 
 u jiost office, stores, etc. 
 
 OsTKinviCK, a Mennonite "illage in section 
 25, Townshij) 7, Range 4, cast. 
 
 Paiik's Cuekic— In the old settlpd jiarish of 
 St. Andrews. South, on Red Kiver, 11 miles 
 north from Winnipeg; has a store, public 
 si'hcol, church, aud post office, mail tri- 
 weekly. 
 
 Pakhy. — Township 2, Range 1, cast. A 
 partially settled township which originally 
 formed "part of the Manitoba Colonizatioa 
 Society's Reserve, but was abandoned. 
 
 Pkmiuna Crorsino. — A rising village 75 
 miles west from Emerson, beautifully situated 
 on Pembina River at the crossing of the main 
 trail to Turtle Mountain and theSouris where 
 the Government have built a fine bridge. It 
 has a saw mill with an abundant supj)lj[ ot 
 logs on the many lakes in its vicinity, 
 
FOR MAXirC'BA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 
 
 ml date to become 
 
 in Townships 3 
 nilcs from Winni- 
 rson. Isthelead- 
 
 itoba and is sur- 
 est and best settled 
 th-West. It has 3 
 Juses, a grist mill 
 saw mill, shingle 
 arit's, G stores, a 
 newspaper, the 
 registry oflice for 
 nst office vith bi- 
 13 completed, two 
 iiction. The pro- 
 three doctors, one 
 clergymen. Its 
 steady, and a< it 
 
 a point on ilu- 
 jou develop into a 
 
 mltina Branch of 
 Winnipeg, is sup- 
 Mennonite Settle- 
 iescrvcj adjoining 
 thriving settle- 
 Point du Chene. 
 a grain elevator, 
 bushels; a daily 
 
 r:.— This parish is 
 vcr between tlie 
 ind St. Anne do 
 n 18G0. It has a 
 two schools, and 
 lice is Lorette. 
 
 !, Range 7, west ; 
 
 ortage la I'raine; 
 
 a hotel, general 
 
 Hiinge 4, west, 
 'oi)lar Point; was 
 * liv the Geniiap 
 fiiiling to send in 
 reopened for sel- 
 ipiilly. There is 
 
 •illage in section 
 
 St. 
 
 sf'ftled i>arish of 
 
 liiver, H miles 
 
 a store, public 
 
 oflice, mail tri- 
 
 nge 1, cast. A 
 iVhich originally 
 :)a Colonizatiou 
 jandoned. 
 
 sing village 75 
 utifully situated 
 sing of the main 
 the Souris where 
 fine bridge. It 
 idant supply ot 
 n its vicinity, 
 
 several Ijusiness stands, a splendid farming 
 country aliout it, and every ])rosi)ect of early 
 riiilroad conimunicilion. Afail, weelvly. Ja^. 
 r. RuttanA Co , of Winnipeg, are the agents 
 lor this town site. 
 
 Pe.voixs, P.O. — An old settlement on Red 
 Puver, 8 miles north from Selkirk; it has a 
 vliiirch, school and sioiv. Mail service twice 
 a week. 
 
 PiOKoN Lake. — 20 miles from Winnipeg on 
 the old stage road to l'orl!i;4(' la Praiiic, hnd 
 the large and commoilioMS hotel ke[)t by t!ie 
 fiinous host of the old lime Charlie House, a 
 store and post ollicc. 
 
 Pir.oT Mound. — Section 20, Townsliip 3, 
 nango II, west, 100 miles west from Knierson 
 on the projiosed route of the South-Weslern 
 Ibiilway; is the county tow;i of the electoral 
 division of Mountain, in one of the best set- 
 tled districts in the Province. It has 16 busi- 
 ness Htaiids. including the publishing oHicc of 
 liie Pilot Xfwi, a saw, shingle and chopping 
 mill, agricultural wnrehou.ses, gristmill, &c., 
 also a school, council ch:imlicr and cliurcli. 
 'frails branch olf to Ci\\i' .Mountain, Truth 
 Mountain, Pembina Gro.ssinc,', i'elican Lake 
 anil Millford. Jbiil semi-weekly by stage 
 from Kinerson. The town site hai lately 
 been put on the uiiirket with gre;it success 
 owing to it.s prospects of early railroad con- 
 nection. 
 
 Pi.UMR Cort.KR.— .V French settlement of 
 50 inhal)itfinls, 7 miles south from ilorris. 
 Has a large Roman Catholic church, school 
 and a post odice. 
 
 Pi.VMTOV — Township 10, Range 5, east. 
 i'<)|iulatii)n about 2oi», Is south of .Sunnyside 
 :iiid north-east of Prairie Grove, which is the 
 nearest post olfice. 
 
 Point dk C.ikne.— .\ village in the parish 
 of Ste. Anne des Clienes, is (]uite a thriving 
 place, having a Roman Catholic church, two 
 common schools; a post office, hotel and two 
 grist mills. 
 
 Pome toY. — Township .'">, Range 4, west. A 
 fine township in which G.OOO acres are under 
 cultivation. I'omeroy Village on Tobacco 
 Creek in section 18 has a population of 3J, 
 with a stone church and [lost office. 
 
 PoPLAU IIkiohts. — Section 2S, Township 
 13, Range 3, west, 40 miles west from Winni- 
 peg on the line of C.P.U., with daily mail 
 connnuuication. Is the distributing point for 
 settlements on the south-western shore of 
 Lake Manitoba. There are two general stores, 
 two bbicksinith sho]H and fair prospect of 
 grist mill this fall. I'oimlatioii 230. 
 
 PoiT.Aa Point— On the Assiniboine River 
 at the junction of Portage and Lake Manitoba 
 roads, 45 miles from Winnipeg; has 6 busi- 
 ncLss stands, 2 schools, 3 church'^s and a 
 l)opulalion of about 400. 
 
 PosTWAi.r,. — A Monnonitc village in sectioa 
 9, Township 7, Range 4, east. 
 
 PuAiitiK Grovk.— Townships 9 and 10, 
 Range 4, east, 10 miles east of Winnipeg on 
 
 the rond to Lake of the Woods. There are 
 but 10 tiimilies in the settb ment, the balance 
 of the township being in speculators' bands. 
 
 Prk.ston.— Township 3, Range 12. In Rock 
 Lake district, very well settled. A village 
 Fl)ringing upon section 13, on Troublesome 
 Creek, has now 3 stores, a population of 2.'>, 
 with i>rospect of rapid increase ; mail weekly. 
 
 PniNTR Ai.nKnT. — A very large settlement 
 near the junction of the north and south 
 branches ot the Saskatchewan River, has 
 several flourishing stores, saw and giisi 
 inill, churches, schools and post office. ISeiug 
 in the centre of a magnificent tract of farm- 
 ing country, well wooded and watered, and 
 an objective point on the Westbourne and 
 Noith-Western Railway, it promises to bo a 
 leading point in the North-West. 
 
 Rapid City.— On the Little Saskatchewan 
 River, is the centre of a large and thickly 
 settled district. It has early prospect of rail- 
 way communication, being "the starting point 
 of the proposed Souris River and Rocky 
 Jlountain Railway, for which a charter has 
 been granted; has a population of about 400 
 which it would maintain, even independently 
 of railway connection; has a grist and two 
 sa^\■ mills, a newspaper, several large stores, 
 hotels, Ac. There are excellent water-powers 
 on the river, and all lumber needed can be 
 floated down from Riding Mountains. 
 
 Rat Poutack.— Is in Keewatin, and is the 
 present terminus of the C. P. R. east, and is 
 situated on the Lake of the Woods, distance 
 from Winnipeg 140 miles. There is a large 
 bu.;iness done hero, being the headquarteis 
 of the contractors of section B ot the 0. P.R., 
 and the distributing point for supplies to con- 
 tractcn-s, lumber merchants and others. It 
 I)roniises to be a considerable tov,-n, Slaving 
 already a number of stores, hotels, mills, etc. 
 Gold has been discovered en several of the 
 islands in the Lake of the Woods, and large 
 mining operations will bo carried on ne.\t 
 year. Messrs. Jlacdonald, Manning, McLaren 
 & Co , C. P. R. contractors, are paying liberal 
 wages to their workmen, having over l,50o 
 on the works, and those coming into the 
 country who seek employment will find good 
 wages, comfortable camps, good fare, etc., 
 and Will obtain on application reduced rail- 
 way tares from Winnipeg to Rat Portage. 
 
 Rkinfelt — A Mennonite village in section 
 13, Township 0, Range 5, west; has a large 
 grist mill, a Lutheran church. 
 
 RinoRWAY. — Township 15. Range 1, east. 
 Population about 100; 15 miles from railway 
 station at Stonewall. 
 
 Rivifenn Salle. — Township 8, Ranges 1, 
 east and west, is the third township south of 
 lleadingly, only partly settled; population 
 about 100, mostly French ; nearest post office 
 lleadingly. 
 
 RiviEUE AH Gratias. — A thriving settle- 
 ment on Red River, above the parish of St. 
 Agathe, of which Morris is the town 
 
30 
 
 JIACUOL(iA!,t/S ILLL'STllATED OLIUS, 
 
 I 
 
 RiviKiiE ALx .\l.\iiAi''..— Township 2, Rnnpe 
 11, rust, is a siii.'ill towiiship iiirlinlcti in 
 the Manitohft Colonisation Hivi'My's llc-nrvo, 
 ;iii(l is nil taliCM up hy vi'turiK-'il rniicli 
 ("aiiailians from the L'niird States. 
 
 HocKwnon.— Township 13, nnnffo 2, cast; 
 Fittiatcd 12 miles njitii of Wiiiiiipi'g, is one 
 (if the most lldiiiishiiiir to\vnsiii[)S in tho 
 I'rovincc, liaviiii; a iiopulntion of nliotit riOi), 
 and bfincj well sii[iiili<'il witli clinrchcs, 
 .-choob, hotels, stoics, etc. Stony Mountain 
 and ihe Provincial i'eijitenliary are in thid 
 Township. 
 
 Ivo.=?ENKKr,n.— A Mennonito village in Bec- 
 tion 20, Townsliii> 0, Range 5, east. 
 
 RcsEXOAiT. — A Jfonnonitc village in sec- 
 tion 13, Township 0, Range 5, east. 
 
 RosENiioF. — A Mennonito villnpo in Ihc 
 Scratching River seltleuient, 4 miles from 
 Morris. 
 
 RosKNor.T. — A Mennonito villacro in the 
 Scratehinp River settlrinent, 'J miles from 
 •Morris. lias a (iour mill. 
 
 RosKN'TiiAL. — A Mennonito village in sec- 
 tion 12, Township 7, IJange, 5, east. 
 
 RuTTANviM.n.— Township 2, Range 0. A 
 very well settled highly cultivated township 
 in Louise Miiniciiiality, 95 miles west from 
 Kinerson. Has a store, stoi)i)ing-idace, and 
 post ollico, on section .'iO, where ahso a church, 
 .<i'|io()l house and grist mill are to he erected 
 tliis season. 
 
 S.M,TKnvii,i,E.— Townsliip 6, Rnno-e 4. we?t ; 
 T'cml.iiia .Mountain district. A'l ry thickly- 
 kittled tlici'c heincr no land not taken i!p. The 
 ^ illago of Saltervillc is on section 22 on Uoyne 
 Kivcr niul liio old .Misouri trail, oS m'iles 
 fiom Winnipeg. S;i\r ami grist mill aliout 
 iieing erected. Sclidol and" post oflice now 
 established. "Weekly mail fioui Kmerson. 
 
 St'iio.N.i\. — A Mennonito village in Ecction 
 19, Township C, Iln'igu :>, cast. 
 
 SciioNnKiu;. — A Mcn?ionito village in sec- 
 tion J, Townshiji 0, Range 5, east. 
 
 ScHON'FKr.D. — A Mennonito village in sec- 
 tion 23, Township C, Range 5, cast. 
 
 SoiioN'SKr;. — A Mennonito village in section 
 31, Township 6, Range 5, last. 
 
 SciiONTit.M. — A Mennonito village in eec- 
 tion 21, Township 7, Range 5, cast. 
 
 ScH0.\wiE.«E.— A Mennonito village In sec- 
 tion 9, Township 7, Range 5, east. 
 
 KciioxwiK.si;. — A Mennonito village in sec- 
 tion 27, Township 7, Itange 5, cast. 
 
 SELKiitK.— A flourishing town 24 miles 
 from Winnipeg, and the terminus of what is 
 known as the Ponihiua liranch of the Can. 
 J'acilic Railway. It has some lino buildings, 
 is a handsome town site; and boasts sercral 
 good hotels, stores, churrlios, etc. Two lines 
 of steame;s run daily to Winnipeg during the 
 season, and there is aUo stage communica- 
 tion with the same |)oint. When the gap 
 between the eastern and western divi>ion of 
 
 tlip^ C. ?. R. is built, SelkirK, i.eiug on llie 
 main line, will \w a very iinjiortant tioiiii. 
 The leailing merchants are Rib'Tl nnll(ii\, 
 who has been a representative Selkirk bu-i- 
 ness man for (ivo years atid doe.^ a iMrgf* 
 trade; i'\ W. Colcle'ugh is a liri,-e proiieity 
 owner and carries on an cxtensivo genrr:il 
 store; F. (lemmell has also a largo gener.'il 
 store, and is an active ei:lerprisitigmer(diaul. 
 The hotels of Selkirk are always W(dl s[)okeri 
 of, the leading houses beinir llie Pacilic holel, 
 of which J. A. Howell is tlie genial pro[irie- 
 tor, and t!io Keewatin lioiiso over which 
 Alex. .McDonald jircsides as " mine Iiost." 
 Roth mnnagcrs ta'io e.-cccllent rare of tlieir 
 guests, and have earned a good reputation 
 for their respective houses. 
 
 FuEU, RiVKii.— Township 21, Range 28, 
 west; near the coufluence of the Shell and 
 Assiniboinc Rivers, 34 miles north from Port 
 Kllico, a line settlement ol' say 2'iO people. It 
 has C stores, and one church' wiiliin n small 
 radius. fc;oiuc good land still vacant in it? 
 vicinity-. 
 
 SiioAT, Lakk, N.-AV. T,— Is anew town just 
 survoyed at the mouth of the lake of tiiat 
 name, fronting on Uak River, which runs 
 between Shoal fyukc and Pioneer Lake. The 
 owners are wealthy men who will si)are iii> 
 elforts for its advancement. A store, a g: ist- 
 niill, a temperance hotel, and a church, will 
 be built during ne.\t season. The surrounding 
 fli^'triot " has an excellent soil," well setiiccl 
 last summer by good settlers fi'om Ontaiio. 
 Tlieretore Slioiil Lalie prc-'iits good openings, 
 for jirovision dealers, grocers, dry gooiNmen 
 boniilinghou.se keepeis, a --aw miller, black- 
 smiths, shoemakers. 
 
 Sii.viT. Sfnixcs.— Townsliip .% Ranpo 10, 
 West; ver3' fine rolling couniry, thickly set- 
 tled and well cultivated. Post odice on sec- 
 tion 22, where il is contem],latcd to build a 
 church and school immediately. Mail weekky. 
 
 STKiNMAni. — .V Meniioriito village in sec- 
 tion :,■), Township ti, Range C, west. 
 
 Stki.nviIch. — A Mennonito village ia sec- 
 lion 15, Township (3, Ra!ige 5, west. 
 
 Rtoddf.rvili.e. — Township 2, Range 5, 
 west; n very lino well selileil and cullivateil 
 township in I'embina Mountain district. 
 Post olHcc on section 10, with semi-weekly 
 mail service. 
 
 Si'r..\n;!i?-KLr)T.— In Township 1, Range 2, 
 west; 18 miles west from Emerson, is n. 
 Mennonito village of 5(1 inhabitants, with a 
 sawmill, school, Lutheran church and Cus- 
 toms depot. 
 
 Si'ruNCFiKr.n.— Townsnip U, Range -l, east, 
 was first settled in lb72, and was erected a 
 municipality, in IS",") in conjunction with 
 Suniiyside, the adjoining township; popula- 
 tion ubuiii 5(ju. lias a jiost odice, store, etc. 
 
 vStonf.w.m.i,.— On line of v'. P. R., 20 miles 
 west from \\ innipeg, is a [irosperons town, 
 being the market town lor ibo townships of 
 
 River 
 
KOa MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 
 
 ;;i 
 
 kii'K, I'ciiic; on llif 
 
 itii[i(irtiiiit jioiiii. 
 
 -0 lUili'Tl i;iilloi'<, 
 
 \tiv(i t^plkiilv tiiiri. 
 
 a 11(1 i]i)C3 a, lari;" 
 i II 1 ux'L' proju'ity 
 
 rxti'iisive pcnoi-Ml 
 Mt n Inrjjo f^cni'inl 
 r(iiisinp;in('rcliniil. 
 Iwiiys wi'll spoken 
 i^ til"'- Pacific holij, 
 lie ^'I'liial pi'oprio- 
 iiiuso ov(T wliicli 
 
 iw " iiiiiio host." 
 lent euro of llicir 
 * good repiitatiui* 
 
 ip 21, Rnnf?e 28. 
 ; of tbe f^hcll and 
 pa nortli from Tort 
 s.'iy2r)0 people. Jt 
 L'li ■\viiliin ft small 
 still vaiHiit in it? 
 
 Iri a now town just 
 tin; liiko of tliat 
 liver, which riitis 
 lonecr Lake. Tim 
 vlio will spiire no 
 . A store, a gi i-t- 
 inil a clmrcli, will 
 . The surrounding^ 
 soil," well sctiic(l 
 icrs from Ontaiio. 
 nt.^ i;;oo(l openi!;!j;s 
 r.s, dry foods iiicn 
 aw miller, black- 
 
 liip 3, RanfTfi 10, 
 niry, thickly set- 
 Post odico on sec- 
 j.iated to build a 
 'jly. .Mail weekl-y. 
 
 tfi riPaf^e in sec- 
 ! G, wcsi. 
 
 to village ia sec- 
 ' 5, west. 
 
 p 2, Rancjo 6, 
 I'd and cultivnteil 
 ountain district. 
 with semi-weekly 
 
 isliip 1, Tanfifn 2, 
 
 \ Emerson, in ft 
 
 li.nbitaTits, with a 
 
 church >uul Cua- 
 
 1 1, Kanpe -1, cast, 
 lid was erected a 
 .'onjunciion with 
 jwiiship; popula- 
 oflicp, store, etc. 
 
 . P. R., 20 miles 
 
 [iro.sperou.s town, 
 
 liie townships of 
 
 (P.rnssmore, Rook wood, Victoria, I?rant, Ar- 
 (rvle, Dimda.i, Greenwood and RidRoway, in 
 •which about :iO,00() acres are nu'v under crop. 
 It lias several largo stores, a tov n liall, prist 
 tiill, masonic ball, a large stonr, school Iiouse, 
 tu-o churches, and an Episcopal church is 
 being erected of stone, a very fine terrace and 
 many first class residences Stonewall is the 
 liiijhcst point in Eastern Manitoba, and with 
 its good drainage, its sjilendid water and 
 natural beauty is becoming a summer resort 
 for Winnipeg families. The entire township 
 is underlaid with limestone rock the surface 
 of which is about 8 feet from the surface, and 
 being polished by the movement of glaciers 
 in their " period " makes a lloor for cellars 
 Unsurpassed in thr; world. The rock, which 
 is the hcst yet found in the Province, is now 
 bi'ing quarried by .Messrs. Bowles & Williams 
 and large ((uantities are being shipped to 
 their various works, and the city of Winnipeg, 
 to which large quantities of lime are ttlso 
 furnished. 
 
 St. Aoatiie — A village in the parish of 
 the same name; has a Roman Catholic 
 church and school house, and postollico with 
 daily mail. 
 
 St. AfJATniv. — The first and largest of the 
 river jiarishes, contains the town of Enier- 
 8(in, villages of St. Agathe, West Lynne, ke., 
 and has a poi)ulation of over 2,0j(). 
 
 St. Ai.r.KiiT, N.-W. T. — A Roman Catholic 
 mission station on the high road, nine miles 
 \^estof Edmonton. .N'.-W. T., and .S',)0 miles 
 from "Winnipeg. It has a poimlaticm of over 
 7o(i, nearly all French and lliilf-iireeds. Tlie 
 l.Mud in tlie vicinity is excellent, nnd over 
 2."i,(iO(j bushels of wh'.'.'it wert! threshed out tiiis 
 year. TIi'MC is a handsnine (linrch; a line 
 palace for llishoi) (Iratidin; a jiulilic gchoul ; 
 a convent in charge of the (!rey .N'uns, Mid a 
 (frlitand sawmill, .'-■t. A lb<'rt boasts a bridge 
 over the Slnrgcoti River, which is ciaimi'il us 
 one of the best constructed in the Xorth-\\'est. 
 
 St. Anokdw's parish, IG miles north of 
 Winnipeg on the Red River, is one of the 
 early Scotch settlements, and has a pojjula- 
 tiiui of about l,r)')0. Jt is well suitplied with 
 Stores, shops, mills, hotels, fee, and is the 
 Seat of the Registrv OHicc .'ind (bounty Court 
 of the County of Lisgar. There are four post 
 Ollices in the jiarish. 
 
 St. As.\R ri;s CitKXKS— .V parish on the 
 River Seine, was founded in i8(iJ, by Rev. 
 Father Lelloch. 0. iM. I., and has a popula- 
 tion of about 500. 
 
 St. Romface. — .-V large ami flourishing 
 town at the confluence of the Red and Assi- 
 niboine rivers, opposite the city of Winnipeg, 
 has a jiopulation of about one "thou.5and, and 
 is rapidly growing in importance. The 
 parish was founded in 1818 by the Rev. J. N. 
 Frovencher, who was sent from Quebec, at 
 the retjuest of the Earl of Selkirk, to establish 
 a mission at Red River. The first chai>el was 
 b'lilt in 1810, and a large stone cathedral in 
 
 \BXl. This was destroyed by fire in 1800, anil 
 the present edifice eri"ctcd 'in 18(13 by His 
 (rrace Archbishop Tacdie. St. Boniface is tho 
 Metropolitan See of the Roman Catholic 
 Ecclesiastical Province of St. lioniface, and 
 has ft college, a ladies' boarding school, a 
 large hospital and an orphan asylum, the three 
 last being under the Sisters of Charily. Tho 
 town is well laid out with straight, wide 
 streets, and contains some handsome build- 
 ings, several mills, pood hotels, stores, &c, 
 St. IJonifaco boasts the first organ that wa.s 
 ever used in the North-West, a fine instru- 
 ment, having been jiresented to the Cathedral 
 in 187.5. Lti Mtinitoiiti, the organ of the French 
 Ijojiulation in Manitoba, is printed here. 
 
 St. (^ii.MiLK.s.— a parish on the As?iiii- 
 boinc, nine miles from Winnipeg, was 
 founde.l in ISr.l liy Rev. Father LiiflO'chc, 
 now liishop of Three Rivers; has a jiopula- 
 tion of about 000; a Roman Catholic church, 
 schools, stores and a post office 
 
 St. Clements. — A parish 22 miles front 
 Winnipeg, is one of the early Scotch settle- 
 ments, and has a population of about 1.000; 
 it is wfll su[i])lied with churches, school, 
 stores, mills, post office. 
 
 St. FnAS(;oiH-X.u-iEn.— .'V parish on the 
 Assiniboine, about 2,') miles from Winnipeg, 
 containing a ])opnlation of about 2.000. Tho 
 jiaiish was established in 1824 by Rev. Father 
 lioucher, and has a fine Catholic church, 
 s"veral pood schools, and a convent of St. 
 Frani;ois-Xnvier. There are a number of 
 hotels and stores, Rinl two post offices, one in 
 the western portion (.!' the parish known as 
 Pigeiui l,«ke. the otln ■ in the east known as 
 St. Fiiiii<,iiis-.\avicr. ; his place is commotily 
 calleii " White Horse Plain," and is the scat 
 of tie' county court for Marijuetle East. 
 
 St. (Inonr.R (Oak Point).— A parish in tho 
 township of Relcourt, lilectornl Division \o. 
 1, about i;o miles from Winnipeg. I'optilatiorj 
 about 10.). Has a general store aud post 
 ollice, named Oak Point. 
 
 St. .Tamks' parish on the Assiniboine, ."? 
 miles fnnn Winnipeg, is one of the finest 
 localities in tho Province, and several Winni- 
 ]K'g merchants have fine residences here; 
 jiopulation about 7''0. The parish was cstab- 
 lislied in 18">7 by tho Rev. ^\'. ii. Taylor, and 
 has a fine Protestant church, a school, ]iost 
 oflice, and several tJtores, a grist and saw mill 
 and a brewery. 
 
 Sr. ,Ii:.\\-1)Aptiste. — An extensive sellle- 
 nunt on Red River, has a Roman Catholic 
 church and post ollice. 
 
 St. Joii.v's parish is situated on the north 
 limits of tho city of Winnipeg, and was 
 established in 18iO by Rev. J. West, chaplain 
 to the Hudson's Hay Company, who caused 
 a school house to be erected there, and com- 
 menced educating a few children, the build- 
 ing being also used as a church. Tho school 
 has gradually grown into St. John's college, 
 ■with St. John's college school and St. John's 
 college l.'idies' school in connection with it 
 
32 
 
 MACDOUQALL'S ILLCSTIIATED QUIDl, 
 
 Tho college school lina accommo'lntion for 
 sixty, the la^lios' school for tliirty impitH. Tho 
 .St. John's cftthcilnil in (iiio stoiifJliuildinKuiid 
 is tlio Sec of the Hialioj) of Uupert'd Luml. 
 
 St. Laiti'NT.— a simiill pnrish in lOlocloral 
 division No. 1, siliiiilc in .-iinonet Tuwnphi]) 
 '111 Lake Miiniii)l>M, iiboiit 50 iiiiles from Win- 
 riiliofr, WH3 cjtiililisiii'il by Itev. FiUIkt (!iH- 
 <uii, 0. M. I., in IH.'iH. I'nimlaiion iihout 400. 
 It hn3 n lnvjp Kimian Ciilholic chuich, a 
 good gi'iicriil iiusi ullii-'c and a school. 
 
 St. Leov. — Township 4, Range 0, west, 
 Pcnihina .M'-iintnin (ii.stiii't, aliout Id inih'.s 
 wi'st fioni Nclsonviliu. I'ost ollice, rliurch 
 and two sdiooid on section 35, also 10 biifi- 
 iic:i3 stands with prospect of grist mill with 
 .'{ rnn of stones and saw mill; mail weekly. 
 Tliickly settled district. 
 
 St. NoniiEnT. — Parish cstabli^'hcd in IS'iC 
 by Rev. Father Lcstang, O. M. Ij. : has two 
 Ilonian Catholic churches, a pirls' school 
 under ilireclion of the Sisters ol 
 several common schools. 
 
 rs of Charity, and 
 
 St. XonnEitT Village, at tho mouth of 
 liiver Salle, on the west side of l.'ed River, is 
 the sent of the (Jountv Court and Registry 
 Otlicc tor the County of Provencher, aiiili|uiie 
 a thriving place, haviiis a steam, gr.st and 
 saw mill, shops, post ollice, ic. 
 
 St. Pail's parislt, on the Red River, north 
 of Kil(h)iian, was settled aliout the same time 
 MS the latter iiy tin; ivu! of Selkirk Colonists; 
 it lias now a population of about i;()0, several 
 good stores, a post ollice at .Middlei'hurch, and 
 a Protestant church. Distance f.om Winni- 
 peg, 8 miles. 
 
 St. Pii-iiiip;.— Townships .'> and '!, Range 4, 
 east, a large settlement on Rat lii\ er. 
 
 St. A'lDAr,. — Parish on the Red River, 
 SDUth of St. iionilace, was estaldislied in 18iiO. 
 lias a iiotnan Catholic chtireii and a school, 
 utider the diroctioti of the Sisters of Charity. 
 Has a post oltico and a population of about 
 ■MO 
 
 Sl'.v.nysipk.— Township 11, Range Ti, cast, a 
 flourishing township, with about :J1)0 popula- 
 tion._ Was erect-id, with Springlield, the 
 municipality of tho united township of 
 Springheld and Sunnysido, in 18".!, this being 
 the first municipal organization in the Pro- 
 vince. Springfield is the nearest post office. 
 
 Tax.neau. — A Mennonite village in section 
 4, Township 7, Range 5, east. 
 
 at is running on the lake; 1 
 , , - hotel and post ollice; popu- 
 lation about 30. 
 
 Two Little Poi.\t3.— A settlement on 
 Red River, north of St. Jean-Raptiste. 
 
 VirToniA. — Townsliip 14, Range 2, cast, ii 
 one of tiie olde-it settlements, has now about 
 ir)0 settlers, a <'hur(di, school liousii and post 
 ollice, 5 miles from Stonewall ou the C.P.H,, 
 west. 
 
 Victoima, .V.-W. T.— Is a Methodist tni^ 
 sioii on til.) Saskatchewan, about 8f.O niili* 
 west of Winnipeg. It has a jiopulation of 
 aliout 110, and lioasts n lino church and u 
 good sdiiiol. The land is very fertile, aiil 
 there is plenty of good wood and v>aler. 
 
 Wauhlsotov. — Township 4, Range 4. wesst. 
 A very well settldl town.-biii oil the Morris 
 trail to Pembina Mountains, store and post 
 ollice on section 10. 
 
 Wft.t.tvotov.— Township in. Range 9, west. 
 Post ollice on section 'J, on the Squirrel ('reek 
 trail ftoin Portage la Prairie to (JIadston?, 
 Ti miles from the Portage, a well settle.l 
 township with good soil, wood and water, hiij 
 a school and nieeti:ig li'juse. 
 
 WKaTnoruNr:.— In Township l.^, Range 0, 
 west, is a thriving settlement on tin; Wliitf 
 Mud River, with a jiopulation of about i'lo; 
 it has a post ollice, hotel, blacksmith shoji 
 and general stores, and is tlie ^ilation of tli<' 
 Doiuinion Ltxud Agent tor the Wcslbourni' 
 district; tliere is a I'rotestant church and ii 
 school. 
 
 ^\■^;sT LvwK. — On the we,=t side of Rcl 
 River ojiposite Emerson, with whii'ii it !< 
 connected by a Wiw liridge, was formerly 
 known as North Pembina, and till tiie com- 
 jiletion of railway c(Unmuni<'ation with tli'' 
 south was tho ouljiost of Customs for tlnj 
 Province. Heing the nearest shippint point 
 to th> Pembina .Mountains district, it, hii^ 
 ranked as tho first grain market in Mani- 
 toba, and conse(iuenily has grown very much 
 in the last iwo years. The Hudson's Ray Co,, 
 have a large jiost there, which with several 
 large grain warehouses, two hotels and many 
 ftores constitutes a very line tovrn on this 
 beautiful site. 
 
 WiiiTK Iloii.iK Plai.ns.— See St. Francois- 
 
 Xiivii'r. 
 
 ^\'iHT:.M0l•TH. — A station on the C. P. R., 
 CI miles cast from Winnipeg at the crossin;; 
 of tho Whitemouth River in a district well 
 wooded with spruce and tamarac, it has 2 
 hotels, 2 stores, tclegragh and post office, a 
 resident population of 20, and a large fluctu- 
 ating population. 
 
 WiiiTEWor.r).— Township 17, Range 4, east, 
 a new settlement being rapidly filled up. 
 
 "Woon.siDE. — Township 14, Range 10, west, 
 situated at the second crossing of the Wliitts 
 .Mud River; population aboutlOO; post office, 
 with semi-weekly mail. 
 
 Woodlands. — Township 14, Range 2, west, 
 a fine township, well settled; population 
 about 400; has a post office and general 
 store. 
 
) 14, Rnnfro 2, cast, ii 
 iM'iitH, luH now nhoiit 
 I'liool houso iuk! jioiit 
 icwiill ou llio C.l'.k., 
 
 -Ir! a Mctlioilist ini». 
 van, nhuiit Kf.o niili< 
 liiH II jiopiihition of 
 ft tino cliiircli niid u 
 il is very I'lrtilo, mil 
 wood uu'd v.alL'r. 
 
 ship 4, Raii^'o 4. west, 
 \vn.-lii|i o!i tlm Sloriii 
 lairid, store and {lUjt 
 
 sliiplS, Rniipc 9, \v('?i. 
 II tliL' SipiiiTt'l Crcik 
 i'niirie to (iiadstoii;, 
 
 ta.irc a wi'll Kctlli'l 
 , Av uud and water, iuu 
 
 1131.'. 
 
 wn^liip 1?,, Ivan'jro 0, 
 iiii'iit oil till' Wliitu 
 iilatiiiu of about aoii; 
 ti-1, l)lat'k.-:iiiitli slidji 
 is till! .station of tli.' 
 t for tliu Wtptljoiiriii' 
 ti-'staut (.liiircli and ii 
 
 ic vc'=t side of IJfl 
 jii, Willi wliidi it i( 
 iridjTi', was fornuiriy 
 iia, mid till the coni- 
 iinnnication with tlic 
 t of Customs for tlii; 
 icarost sliippint point 
 tains district, it Im^ 
 ain ninrlu't in JIaiii- 
 has prown very much 
 flu; Hudson's JJay Co., 
 ', which with several 
 I two hotels and many 
 ry line tov.-n on this 
 
 i.— See St. Fran<;oii- 
 
 tion on the C. P. R., 
 nipog at tlie crossing,' 
 •er in a district well 
 id tamarac, it has 2 
 ^h and post office, i» 
 10, and a large iluctu- 
 
 Iiip 17, Range 4, east, 
 rapidly lilled up. 
 
 p 14, Range 10, west, 
 rossing of the Whito 
 about 100; post ollice, 
 
 hip 14, Range 2, west, 
 
 settled ; ]iopulation 
 
 t otUce and general 
 
 Voll MVNITOIJA AM> TllK NuKTII W K>r. 33 
 
 .SUrPMlMHNT TO CJA/.KrTKKI{. 
 
 CunUECTKU T ) 1SS2. 
 
 It is iiiiiiD-jilile to notice nil the phu'es which have spriiii,' into existence during the hist 
 year, but the following is a tolerably accurate list of some of the most iinjiorlant. W'a also 
 f;iTO ndilitioiial information with regard to some pl.ices previuu-ly iiieiitiDiieil but which have 
 greatly euliugc 1 dining the pa-t twelve months. 
 
 The places mentioned in the first pait of the (ia/.elteer are ui.uked *. 
 
 I'.noAiiviKW, im the main line of the (^.IVR , 
 l.'lj miles we-.t of lininiloii, was only laid out 
 IIS a town li-t summer, and alrea'ly boast-; 
 s''veral good stores, ie. It is a divisional 
 ■■eiitre of the (.MMt. A tine station has been 
 built, aiel iioiiuhitioii is rapidly pouring in. 
 
 Cartwimoiit. — It', the County of Selkirk ; 
 population about MO. 
 
 ('ari)|-:i;i;v. althouirh only loi'ated 1,-ist 
 vear, is elreaily a very llourisiiiug place, with 
 balf-a-do/.eii stoles, a cliilii h, three brick 
 y.irds, a briiui h liankiug liou-;e ami a grain 
 ilevalo''. (.'arberiy ap[>caiS destined to be- 
 i oiiie a business centre. 
 
 •EnMnxTov hasexiieiieiiced ipilte a ''boom ' 
 during the past year, and is iueieasing very 
 i.ipidly. In .Vpril. IS.S.', the lliidsou's Hay 
 <'ompany had a s;ile of town lots, and in two 
 hours 41(; lots v.-ere sold for i^hi.-f.CS:). The 
 lowest sale was ?ril.">, highest S'u'K uiid 
 iver.ige ^W>. The /*'///'//(.■. a weekly pajier, 
 made its apiuai'.iiice during the year and is 
 doing Well. 
 
 *C!r.AiKSTONK has eiil.irgrii g. rally during 
 the jiasl yi'ar, ami now lina^lsa weekly paiier, 
 the Ec/io. 
 
 Gla.soow. — In Township "i, Range 13 W. 
 Town plot was survcyeii last summer. Has a 
 general store, and a uumber of houses going 
 up. 
 
 Hamiltox, Liituate on the Assiuiboi.'ie. '.'■) ; >ii'\\:'tln 
 
 miles S.W. of I'ortncre la Prairie, was laid 
 out as a town on both sides ot the river lust 
 fall, and is altraeting a number of settlers. 
 
 •.MiNNriin'j\.— The municipality has steadily 
 iinproveil (luring jhe year, and the assess- 
 ment roll for \i-'!<l shows the handsome sum 
 III' ^'J, !.")'.•. I'.'J, the town plot being assessed 
 at Sit''."!*!. The Klur.a weekly piiiier, ap- 
 (K ared during the year. 
 
 ()\i\ CuKKif. in Township H, I'anges ??. atid 
 24 \V., w.H only lorateil bist summer, but 
 lias already a poi)iilation of about 200, with 
 several good stores. 
 
 •I'li.oT MofMi. — The opening of the South 
 Western Colmii/ation Railway to this point 
 has caused a " boom," ami building opera- 
 lions have been very active during the 
 summer. 
 
 •PinxrK Am'.krt has continued to receive a 
 steaily How of settlers during the year, and 
 the ]io]mlatioii of the township has nearly 
 doubled. The ]n'ojection of two railways 
 towards this point has caused an immense 
 increa-ie in the value of the town jilot; atnl 
 lots whiidi a year ago sold for !?12 or f 15 are 
 now Worth from .■~L'JO to $300. 
 
 I!i-ia\ A. N'.-W.T. — This is undoiibteiiiy des- 
 tineil to be one of the great town.' iA' t\M 
 future. S(dected liy the tiovernment as the 
 iii'W I'apital of tlm Xorth-West. the seat <>r 
 (Jovernnient and lieadi[iiarters of the Xorth- 
 West .Mounti'il Police, its riipid settlement is 
 as-ureil. It is .situated on the main line ot 
 the Cauadian Paidtic Railway, in Section U», 
 Township 17, KiiMge 10 west of second ]nin- 
 cipal meiiilian. wliich is the projierty of the 
 Canadian I'aeilie R.iilway, and Section ;'4, 
 Township 17, Range 20, wliich is the property 
 lit the Cioxernment. It is about a mile dis- 
 t.int I. din Pile of liones Creek, and in the 
 centre ol'a splendid wheat growing country. 
 Wood is si'arce, and none of any size, or in 
 any iiuaiitity, is nea er than lb miles; but 
 there are extensive ("cposits of clay suitablo 
 for making excellent bricks. The town plot 
 is divideil into about 10,000 lots, and althougli 
 not forinnlly placed on the market at ihe timo 
 
 (('-•lo! 
 
 :). it is stated that 
 
34 
 
 il VtlOLUALLS II I. iTIlATKO CriDi;. 
 
 i 
 
 fontrai't:! Imvo bccii cufiTinl into for tlio piir- 
 ilmsc of about '.i.uoo lut-s ,it iiii iipyi't piiri- ot 
 S-ijO J)i'r lot. I!('|,'iiia w :n culy nniiiiil l>y 
 His Kxcc'llciicv the (JdVi'iiior (linciul in llic 
 r.'ipitftl of tiu-'-Voilli-Wf.-t 111 It Aii;,Mist, Init it 
 Ims alri'iidy ii llo.iliiit,' |'(>i>uliitioii of lU'iiily 
 1.000, nnd ")M(iiMi.-i(S lo ( mi'II IlKiinlon in llie 
 itipiility of in .«etlU-ini'Ut. Tin' (;o\('riiiiU'Mt 
 buildincs ni" in coiiisc of coii.stiiiction, and 
 some forly ur lifty iiiuly-inadu lioii;ir.s liiivi? 
 ln'i'ii liiiill in ( iiitiirio iiml lo.wardi'd lor tlu' 
 
 U:-L' of lllO IHjli'X', Ac. 
 
 •n.\nn CiTV Iiii3 nindc ni) id .sfiiili'.? in tlio 
 lust vcar, and a n'-'inlior of new .-(lorcH and 
 (iwullinits, aluiclv yard and (:;ist mill liavc 
 licen put up during' tlie pMsl KUinmcr. '1 lio 
 nssi'ssnient roll hliows ii valualion of ^.'STO-.O'-lt 
 lor XHi'l, and the piico of lut:? id iiu'icasiiig. 
 
 A brtincli Imnkintf Ihmi-i' lias liorii stiirtiif. 
 and it is cxpccli'd lliiit liotli llic Sonris ant] 
 I.'mi Uy Mu'itit iin aiiil Wc-llmuiiic and Noitli- 
 Wi'.-iti'in K.'iilwiiy.s will run llimu^'li KiijiiJ 
 L'iiy uf'Xt yrai'— llic.Muiiiiipal (Jouin'il liavi'i;; 
 a;,'ift'il to vole H Imtni.s ol s;i(iil,(iii() (o ciicll (il 
 tlii'do liiii'S. The town plot Wad iiicoiporutnl 
 as a town nt tin- lust S'ssion of tliu Local 
 Lc'ijislatiup. A jiuMic st'lio(d vns tTCftcil 
 duiiuj,' lust yiur at ii r.jst of St.oon, and ii 
 Pir.-l.yt"iianVliui(li at a vu-t (,f .;:',000. Thi' 
 populiiliou is now about 1,0 jO. 
 
 Vmi,A V.MK.— Situated on (lak Kivor, in 
 S"ctio;i."t), Towiiiliip 11, iliinvri' 'J8 wfst, about 
 -0 iniK's N.W. of liHpid City lias a j/ost 
 ollit'L', st'veral stoics, and a population o: 
 about 'JOO. 
 
i-^i' iiiia lifcn slurli'i?, 
 
 IkiIIi the Soiiiis (itiii 
 
 fslliiiiiiin' ami Noi'ili- 
 
 niii iliKMi^'h IJajiid 
 
 liiipiil Coiimilliavi'i',' 
 
 111 !»l(iii,(ii(() lociidi (It 
 
 plot WAi infot|i()mtiMl 
 
 8"ssi(in (A' tlie Lociil 
 
 ; siliDol wdM crc(t((l 
 
 ost of ? 1,000, and (I 
 
 II •■<i- 1 (;!' ,;'.', 000. Till.' 
 
 L 1,0 jO. 
 
 (1 on (Ink river, in 
 
 I'luiirc'.'Hui'st, aljont 
 
 •111 I'ity liiis a j)0>», 
 
 i!nl n '|ioi, Illation c 
 
 ( 
 
 KoU MAMTOllA A.NIi THE N'-'UTU-WEST. 
 
 .i* 
 
 
 ,;, I ' 
 
 « 
 
 X 
 >; 
 
 1 
 
 CO 
 
 I,.' 
 
 
 
 .,;i;.!,|.|l|;ii 
 ii'l"l||l 
 
 mmi 
 
 ,11 1 -':!:■" ■|.'r'Vi':i'-!':. . . 
 
 mi 
 
 
36 
 
 MACDniCAt.I. S ILI.l'STHATED GL'IDF, 
 
 1 
 
 Bill.'' s-i:vK vii:\v r,v wisxiPKr,. 
 
 VT" T IsT KT I P^ E3 a : 
 1871 to 18S2. 
 
 TIIH IMIKXOMKXAL ("ITV— ITS WONI)Ki:FrL GROWTH AND 
 
 PJJOSPKUITY. 
 
 'J'lirrc ir no city, in either ('lUifidit or llie United ^tiile?. tiiat lias |ii'!liMps attraetei'. so miicii 
 
 attention during tiie last tew vcars as Winniiieir. mid it ones this exeeptioual tact to ilj 
 
 liaviiiLT ar')nMd and lieyond it (jim' ot tiie iar>;esl and most lertile tracts of country on the 
 
 iiabitalile <rl()lie. It lias, throuirh this source, beeimie the metropolis ol what, in the not distant 
 
 future, will doubtli'ss prove one of the most wealtliy and prosperous portions oftliis continent. 
 
 It is only titling, therefore, that a city re|.'ardiiii; which there is .so much iiHiuiry thould have 
 
 its uiateiial prosperity and rapid f^rowtli mieie known, and s^iudi information all'orded as will 
 
 forever silence those who ( onjiire up in their niiiidj tli.il too tlatteriiiK fi jiiclnre is drawn of 
 
 what was once known as the (ireat Lone Ijiind. or that, the e.\pectatioiis ot the citi/.ens of its 
 ..I.;.. I' ,.:>.. ...Ill .,..,... I., K....I I.' ,.<.,! I ti. ;,,.,.. .....i ii...... .,,.„ <i ,....,^.,1... n.,. 
 
 (diief city will ever he reiili/ed, l-"acls are stnljliorn lhiii;,'s, and these are the ar.L'mnenls we 
 pnrpo.se adduciiinr in support of our assertion thai no city in America lias ei|ualled the 
 unparalle'v'd success attained liy Winnipeg; in less than a. (h'cade. it is frequently compared 
 with Chicairo in this particular, and very naturally s<i, as the circumstances sinronnding the 
 early j:ro\vlli of h.itli cities are, not ilissimilar, with exceptional advantaf^'cs in favor of 
 ^Vinnipe};. 'J'he site of the city is favorably chosen at the confluence ot' two jrieit navigable 
 streams— the Red and Assiniboine IJivius— into which many smaller streain.s flow. Through 
 the medinin of tlie lirst river, connection is liad with Lake NVinnipeg and all rivers having an 
 outlet into that large bod\' of fresh water. These riveis and lakes 
 of inland lunigalion jiossessed by few otlier cities in either the 
 
 Kive Winnipeg a system 
 tominion or neigbboring 
 mercantile marine, and 
 
 ist of tlie Hudson's Bay 
 
 Republic, a'ld with slight improvements must ensure a large 
 additional comnicrcial prosperity to this growing city. 
 
 I'lior to bSTo the town was nothing more than a idiief tr.ading _ .. 
 
 Conifiany, whose liead(piarlers were Ibr years at Fort (Jarry, w nose embattlements, now 
 ea de.ilii] ill", are still the object of much curiosity to tourists and others visiting the city 
 At that date the population was estinniteil at iJOtt souls, and of these the greater mitnber were 
 hall-breeils and Indians u ho ilid service for the Ifudson's Hay (.'oin[iany ; besides these. 
 
I 
 
 FOR MANITdlA AND THE NORTH WEST. 
 
 37 
 
 
 
 
 UWTII AND 
 
 I'litioiiiU fact to it,< 
 of country on tlii 
 .t, ill the iKjt (listaiii 
 IS of this contiiionl. 
 Kiuii'v s-liDuld liav.' 
 ion utl'orck'il as will 
 licliin; i.s drawn ol 
 it the c'iti/.i'ns of it- 
 tlu'. iiririiiiiciits We 
 . lia-! ciiuallod tlir 
 oqiK'iUly coniimrcd 
 ■cs surroiindinij; thr 
 ntiiii;cs in favor of 
 i'o jrii'it navigabii- 
 ins How. Tlirou^'h 
 II rivers having an 
 (\'iniii|i('ijf a system 
 ion or iKMifhborini: 
 atilo nuirine, and 
 
 the Hudson's Bav 
 nljaltionionts, now 
 3 visitinfj the city 
 rcater niiinher wcni 
 ny ; besides tiiese, 
 
 MAIX STREET, 1882. 
 
 li'iwovcr. Ilicro was llio nucleus of wliat has since proved to be a pojudoiK cily. and oii<> that 
 IS di'stiued to occupy a far tjreatcr and more iin])ortant jiosition tlian it i:as yet attained. In 
 iiddition to the facilities alFordeil for inland navirjation, railway enterprises in oi)eratiou. and 
 iiihers projected, jiive every indication of Winiiipe"; very shortly becoming a railway centre 
 that will rival Chicago itself. It is fair, then, to assume that a city, wiih facilities for 
 navigation to the coal mines of the Souris and to the coal sy.-^teins anil richer auriferous 
 deposits of the mighty Saskatchewan, togi'tlicr ■with railway facilities to the Eastern 
 i'rovinccs, to the United States, and to the interior of tlie gical North-\Vest. must become the 
 entrepot of a great commercial community. After the Uvd iJiver troubles had been ^niipresscd, 
 more than ordinary attention was directi'd to the North-West, and a tide of immigration set in 
 uhi(di gave Winnipeg its lirst impetus as a rising city. 
 
 The growth of the citv since has been luarvellous, and a ?onrce of astonishment to eitizena 
 a-! widl as strangers. In the interim, Manitoba was constituted a I'lovince if the dominion 
 ( 'onfederation, with Winniiieg as the provincial capital, and, last year the Dominion liCgislature 
 gave the Province an increase of are' ])lacing it politically im a footing with the older 
 I'lovincos and giving her a ])osition o! eipial ])rominencc on the map of the Dominion of 
 Canada. This gives a metropolitan characlcr to the place, and has brought the element of 
 political autonomy in its train, making it the liemliiuarters of the Provincial Government, 
 where the residence of the Ijieutenant-GoVernor and all the imldic departments of the Province 
 are located, as well as the Sujjerior Courts and court house and jail. The Dominion Cioveru- 
 ment. too, have made this city the luadipiarters for locally transai ting business in .Manitoba 
 iind tiie North-We-:t. Notably amongst these are the Customs, Iiiland Revenue, Innuigralioii. 
 Dominion Lauds lU'ceiver Ceneral, Cn '.\n Timber, Canadian Pacific Railway, Indian and 
 Post (Hlice Deiiartineiits. vSliortly after— in November, 1873 — the city was incorporaled, and 
 from the 1st Jan' aiy, bSTl, may lie dated the commencement of its civic career, at which time 
 the po]Milalion did not exi'ced 2,000, whereas now it numbers more than lojOOO souls The 
 asses iiient of real estate, too, which at that time was but a little over ^2.000.000, has, in l^'SI — 
 less than si.v years— increased to nearly JlO,0(io,000, but during 1H.S2. property has increased 
 so marvellously that the coming assessment will reach over $l."i,0(ii)^iioo, building sites on the 
 .Main street having suld at tl,ooi) per foot front. 
 
 The sum of $1 ,000. 01 I) was expended in the erection of buildiiii.rs during the sea^-ou of 1880, 
 and this did not include buildings ntid'r way, such as the .Merchants Hank, Manittili;i Club, 
 Parliament House, Meutenant-(!ovcrnor's residence, and other handooiue jirivate residences, 
 nor the outlay by the city corpor.ation in street iniiirovements, drainage, sidewalks, etc, nor 
 tlie laying down by the Canadian Pacific and Manitoba South-Westeru Railways of a large 
 niileago of Railways in and around the environs of the cor])oration, which is esiimated at 
 ?:;;")(), 000. At the "close of 1.S81 over Sl.riOO.OoO had lieen invested in buildings and imjirove- 
 ments in addition to the foregoing figures, besides tlie bridges built over the Red and 
 Assiniboine Rivers. 
 
 In this connection it will be inter'sting to note, from a com))utation by the city registrar, 
 that the sum of about J2.;io i,00') was invested in real estate within the city limits during the 
 year, involving transactions amounting to an averarre of about So.'>."oO each week by real 
 estate agents and private individual-'. The rise and j.rogress of the thriving suburbs "of St. 
 Honiface and St. John's hinge so much ufon that of W innipeg, that to all intents and purposes 
 they might virtually be a sunieil as legitimate portions of the city. 
 
'1f^ 
 
 38 
 
 macdouqall'.s IM.U.STKATED nUIDE, 
 
 During 1881, the ^iilos of real pstnte wiiliin llie city limits it may lif safoly assnmed 
 increased 80 per cent over the preceiiin.ir year, aii'l tiiat an a.oiage of 50 per cent advance 
 wa3 obtained— at least an additional million dollars will have Ihtii spent in ituilding opera- 
 tions hy the close of the year, and it may lie said that the strnciures are of a superior clasi 
 and will compare favorably with business lioiiscs in other cities. 
 
 The mercantile and commercial interests ot Uiinupci:^ arc as yet but in their infancy, 
 but giant strides have also been made in this dircctiun. 'riicre are at present live banks in thi< 
 citv, all doing a lar^e business — the Menhnnls', Hunk of Montreal, Ontario liank, Imperial, 
 anci Union, besides four piivate banks, and a prospect of two or three more opening ageneii.s 
 early next year. Tlic wiiolesale mei<antile trade is fast risinri; into importance, and an 
 eiiorraous business has recentl^^ been developed in the .Vorth-West. (Joods are being daily 
 caited to tiie Railway depots and steamboat wliarvs, wiiile myriads of traders with tiio 
 traditional Red River car's, carry an enormous tonnage over the jilains as far west as the 
 Rocky >iouiitain3. There is also a number of as fine retail lioiises m the mercantile lines as 
 can be found in either Montreal or Toronto, ami all doing an immense amount of business. 
 
 Ill IST.'i, out of tliirty-six Inland Revenu'! Divisions, Manitoba s!o(jd thirty-sixth on Iho 
 list. In 1880, out of thirty six divisions, .Mani'oba stood in its colleetionand l)u,-i.iess, twelfth 
 on the list. The facilities' for conimerce, altliotigh very grei.t, are found to be iineijual to IIk' 
 requirements of the city, and its rapid growth. The Red River is navigable fori' <) miles from 
 itSJiiouth at Lake Winnipeg, and the Assiniboine ,'!00 miles from its junction with the Re^i 
 River. Lake Winnipegis also navigi'ble.and with but one interruption atGrand IJa[iids,near 
 its inoutii, the Saskati'liewau witli its two biiinelies is navigable for over l.'Jni) mih'S, makie.j; 
 a proiiiising highway for commerce. Tlie iiidusiries ot the city are as yet in their infancy, 
 !mt when the drawback occasioned b\- iln-' ju'evious scarcity ot fi;el is taken into consiileration, 
 it will be admitted that the reeoiii in this direction is a creilital)le one tor two or three years. 
 Within the last year or two tiiere has lieen mater al iirogress made in Imth the character aii'l 
 design of many of our pulilic and private ii ildings. A gcsml cl.iss of attizans have ani'-ed iti 
 the eit\', and in the general growtii of Winnipeg their iiinidiwork has been one of the principal 
 elements in the success that lias been attained. Several lu'ick-yards have been estalilishc'i 
 <luring the year, which, ivith those previou.-ly in opcrat'on. must have manufactured '20,000,r.'(ii) 
 thi^ season. There are three grisi mills, two foundi'ies, machine shops, six steam saw-mills 
 and lumber establishments, four breweries, two malt iiouses, one dis illery, two cigar manii- 
 factories, four furniture waridionses and manufactories, soap factories, a bi-cuit faciory, and 
 also a number of carriage and Ijlacksmithiiig establishments. In this connection it may l;i' 
 mentioned that live or six of the leading Mgriciilliiral iin|ilement manufacturers of Canada 
 and the L'liited States have handsome waiclu uses, doing a rushing trade here ; in fact, it may 
 be, stated, without fear of contradiction, ihat in no otiier place in the Dominion is there S) 
 larj;e a trade done in farming impleiiK nts as in Winnipeg. Tliere are some tlfty-tive hotels in 
 the city, some of which ari' very commodious lijuses, and a great im]irovement on what e.xisteii 
 even three years ago. There are three daily newspapers, also job printing ostal)lisliment3 
 and book binderies. There is a manufactory in whi(di stone of a very good finality is made. 
 There are, in addition to tiie above, a iinmlier of minor industries called into active operaliou 
 by the recpiirenients of this liusy community. 
 
 As will be seen by the illu'stijitions of Winnijicg, in 1^71, in 1879, and the bird's-eye view 
 of the cily in 1881, tog ther with the v-ew of .Main Street, imiiiense jirogress has been made in 
 the commercial devehipment of this ■• plnMiomenal city, ' and in its material growth — what 
 was a hamlet ten years a,'!) is now a thriving citv of l."),iiOO |)eopIe. Frotn the latest inform- 
 ation received wl.iie this work was in ju-ess, it is e-^timateil that several mdlions of dollars 
 have l)een received thi-ouirh lianks and loan associations for investment in \Vinnipeg and its 
 suburbs e.-icli month dui-ing the past season. To older comniunilies fabulous sums seem to 
 have been paid for iiroperties within the city limits; but these tiansactions, surprising as they 
 may Ijc, are justilied by the vdume of business done ami by the e.\peclations formed of tle.^ 
 futitre of the metropolis based upon the experiences ol' tiie past. Surrounded as this great 
 Xorth-Western distributing centre is by an iiiexhaustably ferlih? country, with great railway 
 and river communication and trainportation facilities, no wonder there is anxiety on the pan 
 of " the men who liave made it,' ' and outside sjieculators to invest in its proi'erlies and profit 
 by its ■wonderful growlli and advancement. We do not believe we use the language of 
 •exaggeration when it is s'ated that no cily on this (Continent has made such rapid and 
 substantial increase in commercial power and general develo]ime)it during tlie time of its 
 existence. The writer can ]ioint to (ifly young men who arrived in Winniiieg without $,S(ti) 
 three years ago who are now wortii S-">.Oon each, and there are many prominent merchants in 
 the city to-day who can boast of r ! andsome fortune who !iad only a lew hundred dollars to 
 invest in busines* when they starteii ojierations in .Manitoba a i\'\v years ago. (Jertainly theia 
 has been a great amount of speculation and conse(p:ent excitement, but those who have 
 predicted failure or mislbrtune are still waiting for the fulliluient ol' their prophecies and are 
 likely to do so for many year , for no city on the (Jiiiliiieat of .\m";ica has more brilliant 
 pros|iects, or a more t'avcuable situation I'eograiihically, as the distributing market of tl.e 
 greatest wheat-growing country in the world. 
 
FOR MANITOH.V AND THE N. lUTII-WEST. 
 
 39 
 
 Iir> safely assumed 
 
 per cont advance 
 
 in liuililing opera- 
 
 of a sujierior clasi 
 
 it In tlieir infanrv, 
 
 lit iivu hanks in tlii* 
 
 io IJanic, Iniperinl, 
 
 2 opening aj'encit s 
 
 iipoi-tance, ami nn 
 
 Is are bcin.sr ilailv 
 
 )f traders with tli".) 
 
 far west as tlie 
 
 iiiprcantilo lines fy 
 
 )iirit of liiisiiu'ss. 
 
 tliii-ly-t'i.\tli on tlio 
 
 hu.Miiess, twelfth 
 
 o lie inie(|U:il to the 
 
 e for4',0 iiiilos from 
 
 ■lion with tho Re. I 
 
 Grand Haiiids, near 
 
 ,'2oi) mill's, iiinkii!^ 
 
 't ill their infancy, 
 
 into coii.-ideratio'n, 
 
 two or tluc;e years. 
 
 tile cliai'acter an^l 
 
 ;;>ns have ani<-p;l in 
 
 one of the principul 
 
 ve been e>talilisliei| 
 
 ifaetured 20,000, i.no 
 
 '\k steam saw-iiiilU 
 
 two eicrar niann- 
 
 ii,-eiiit fa^'iory, aii'l 
 
 nnectioii it niay !),• 
 
 iKUnrers of Caiuula 
 
 lere ; in fact, it may 
 
 iiiiiiiion is there s'l 
 
 le tifty-tive hotels in 
 
 loiit on what existed 
 
 ting estal)lishmentj 
 
 i)d cinality is made. 
 
 ito active operatiou 
 
 the bird's-eye view 
 ss has been made in 
 urial growth — wliai 
 I the latest inl'orni- 
 rirllions of dollars 
 I Winnipeg and ii.i 
 iloiis Slims seem to 
 s,sur|irisinga3 they 
 tiiiiis funned of tln^ 
 indid as this great 
 with great railway 
 anxiety on the pan 
 roperties and prolit 
 sc tho langiiftgc o( 
 lie such ra[iid and 
 iiig tho time of its 
 nijieg without !?3(»i) 
 liiient merchants in 
 hundred dollars Io 
 ;o. (Certainly tliei-0 
 lilt those who have 
 prophecies and arrt 
 has more brilliant 
 itiiig marlu't of tliU 
 
 M 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 CO 
 
 M 
 M 
 H 
 
 CO 
 — T 
 
 
 lin ■■ 1,1 
 
 !': ■'! I' ' , 
 
 m 
 
 
 lil''i, 
 
 mmmmffm 
 
 mi': ■ii^..|■V *>"!.!' ivCLt-Hvi': lii p'i r Vf2' 1^ (t^- M: if i; ;!■■ ii.:.,|!,yi;;i ill 
 
40 
 
 MACliOUG.U.1. S ILLL'STRATEU GI'IDR. 
 
 PROGRKSS IN 1882. 
 
 Wonderful as had Iiccn tlio pioirrpps of ■Wimiipofr during tlip cii;;ht yoars of its roiiiorntc 
 pxistunce up to tlie dose of ISSl, it liiis bceu toliiUy ecli|>3e(l liy tin; fiitcautic stej'S foiv.iird 
 tiiken in tlie liist twelve months, and it nluioHt ri'iids like a fiiiry tale to slate the number of 
 new buildings vliich have been erected, or are in course ofereelii.n, and the inrrea.se in 
 ]Hipnlatioii and the value of real estate which has taken ydace in one brief twelve 
 months. In that time, the population has more than donliled and the value of pro- 
 jierfy nearly qnadrujjled, and the end is not yet. The immense ''boom" in real 
 estate which occurred last winter, and which mo;e resembled stock p.imblinff than 
 healthy speculation, has ceased, and a steadier and more certain stream of pros- 
 jirrityhas set in. The amount of cai)itHl seeking investment in Winiiipeuc is enormous, 
 and it is safe to say that in no city of its size on thi.s continotit have such larire buiUlin:; 
 operations been carried on this tumnier as have been done in Winnipeg,'. The >'iiii imblished 
 a list of buildings erected up to ;!Oih Septcmbi'r, or in course of erection, piviu'.; the street, 
 name of owner, and value of building in each case, so that any over-estimation could be 
 • Jisily checked, and f.'om this list we Iciin that AG\) different" buildings had either been 
 iinished or were being progressed with. The liuildiugs were of all c'asses, from the iiunible 
 shanty costing a few hundred dollar.^, to the palatial ('ana la I'acilic Hotel costing half a 
 million. The improvement in tlie class oi'luiildings is, however, one of the most noticeable 
 features of this year's building ojieratioiii!, and dozens of merchants are iiivesiiiig from 
 $10,000 to 1100,000 in erecting magnificent biick or stone jdaees of business, while hand- 
 some dwelling houses costing from <-.'>. 'lonto *30,000 are rapidly springing up. .Amongst 
 some of the most noticeable biiiMing.3 in jnogress this year werj : — ^Canada I'.icifle Hotel, 
 $500,000; McKenzie's Hotel on I'oitag" Avenue, $110,000; Lieut. -Ciov. Cauehon's business 
 block on .Main Street. #1.! ),OiM ; Stoliart. Kdeii & Go's, stores, i'ortago Avenue, Sloo.OOO; 
 Parliament House, Lieut. -(Jovernor's resiience. Court House and (ioal, bring erect ^d by 
 Hominion Govenmu-nt. S'ioO.ooo; M ■ni'o'i.i Colleire, *r).),000; Cana hi racific; Railway 
 llnildings, !J0),000; First Conu'n^g ilional Cliiirch, $3>,000: Central School, $1.'".,000. itc. 
 
 Some idea of the wonderful giowth of the cily may be galhered fVoin the f'ulh.iwing 
 figures taken from the Assessment lioU for 18d2 : — ' 
 
 Waki). 1831. 1882. l\fHEA.SF;. 
 
 South S.^„^74.S8) ?10,.1C7 I.">"> !r",092,2T0 
 
 -Vorth ],9.'38i0 8.101,870 i;,l8),050 
 
 U'est 2,2.".7,3>',^) 7.780,300 r)..')22,915 
 
 KiiEt 1,01(1.,;,^)) 4,080,950 2,'U0,6J0 
 
 *9,19ivK55 !«3'),4.';2,'J7J $21,235,835 
 
 The Assessment is divided— Ileal estate, $25,154,900; buildings, $3,277,550; personal 
 |2,090 270. 
 
 The steady and rapid gi'owth of the city is shown by the following statinient of popula- 
 tion and assessment :— 
 
 Inhiibitants. Assessment. 
 
 1''70 300 
 
 M71 5i'i 
 
 )S72 l.o{,o 
 
 1H73 1,5 M) 
 
 l'^74 2.0 I) $ 2,<i7(5.018 
 
 If^To ;j.000 2,a!5.805 
 
 If^''! 4,000 3,031,085 
 
 1>*77 5,000 3.( 97,82 1 
 
 1878 O.ddi) 3.21().9S0 
 
 1'''9 7.000 3.41.",0;') 
 
 1880 8,(111) 4.0(so0() 
 
 I'^'^l 9 5(10 '.'.190,430 
 
 1832 25,000 ;;ii,n2,270 
 
 The Corporation has not been b>diind hand in improvements, and AVinnipeg can boast of 
 ns good streets and sidewalks as can reasonably be expected of a city w hieh but yesterday 
 Avas part of an open prairu.'. The vote for improvements this vciir was :Jl,Oi)0",000, an'd 
 amongst the most important items were :-l{ri,lgc'S, f 150,(00 ; City Hall, $00,000 ; fire halli 
 and improved lire api.aratus, $150,000; s'wcrs ;:500,000; grading streets, A'c, $100,000. 
 The citv has hitherto suffered somewhat for lack of drainage, but now a comidete and com- 
 iirehensive system is to be introduced which will remove tins drawback. The water supply 
 Las alio been greatly iiup-.'oved ; the numbiT of tanks has been incr.used f:oiu 13 hi 25, each 
 
 West, 
 
!•' )U M VNITOn.V AND THE NOnTlI-WKST. 
 
 41 
 
 of'iU roipomto 
 steps ror.vju-il 
 the number of 
 tlu! iticreuse in 
 lu Initf twelve 
 value of jiro- 
 1)0(1111 " in rciil 
 punblinfc tlinu 
 nam of pros- 
 id enormous, 
 larare luiildin^ 
 ii'i imblishctl 
 \.w- t!ie street, 
 1 1 oil could be 
 ail either been 
 om tiie hiiinlile 
 eostin.ii- hiilfa 
 nost noiiceablc 
 invesiiiiLT iVom 
 ■!. while hiind- 
 MJ1. Amongst 
 Pacific Hotel, 
 •hi.i.'i'd Imsinesa 
 ■nue, $1(»U,000; 
 ill;.' ercct'd by 
 I'acific, liailwtiy 
 
 $ir.,uoo, kv.. 
 
 1 the following 
 
 REASE. 
 
 092,270 
 18 i,n50 
 522,915 
 
 ■uo,6ao 
 
 wiih a eapacity of 30,000 K'l'h'iis. and the 'Waterwoiks Company ia rapidly layins; niniiis. 
 
 I.ifhlin^; lias not been unattended to, and airuni/enien's have been made toi- li-ihliu;; Maiiv 
 
 .'^treet by eb'ctiiciiT, while the Gas Company vill supply lami).-) for a number of other streetp. 
 
 The maeadanii/.iiijr of the streets has occupied the Htteiiiion of the Council, anil a f^ravel ]iit 
 
 has been purchased at liird's Hill for $30,000. One point which exemiililics more stron^ily 
 
 than anotli' r to solid iiro.s[ierity of the city is that the bonds of the city are easily floataljlc- 
 
 at par, or better; J2ii0,000 Tuorth havimj; been jdaced this year at a sli'^iit premium. 
 
 Although the city is now jfoing through the o.deal of viwt imjiiovements whii h necessitate 
 
 the inuuediate exiienditure of considerable sums. a\ liich older cities could sp:cad over a 
 
 number of years, siill its rate of taxation is excepiionally lo- , bfiiig scarcely one-half that 
 
 (if Ottawa, llumilion. Toronto, Hontrcal and other eastern cities. 'Winnipcir is to-day, 
 
 without doubt, the busiest city in Canada, and, probably, on this continent; mid nowhere is 
 
 there a smaller idle jiopulation, for all who are willing to labor can get work to do, at much 
 
 better wages than can be obtained elsewluie. AVhile the business wants of the city are 
 
 being attended to, the sjiiriiual needs of the peojde hare n(jt been neglected, and in the 
 
 matter of churches the city will compare luvoiably with most older places, as the loUuwing 
 
 table will show ; — 
 
 rv • ■■ Number Seatinc' 
 
 Denomination. ,i-.ii \ !■ •. 
 
 ol Churches. ( apacity. 
 
 Roman Catholic 2 2,500 
 
 Metlujdist 4 2,400 
 
 I'lesbvterian 2 2.200 
 
 ('hur(:h of Kngland 4 2,000 
 
 Congregational 1 1,200 
 
 Uapiisl 1 1,200 
 
 Total U 11,500 
 
 The completion of the Thunder I!ay Branch of the Canadian racifie Kailway an 1 its 
 opening for tratlic in September last, must, undoubtedly, have a great ellect on AVinnipeg. 
 The road is not yet in cuiiiplete running order, and was able to give only partial accon.- 
 modation; but by next spiing it is exjieeted to be in first-class running ordt^r, and the great 
 liulk of immigration will, no doubt, go over this route, as well as th') largest jiart of the 
 freight trallic. As the centre of a net work of railways spreading out over the whole Xorth- 
 Wcst, and situated at the confliii'nce of two great rivers, the career of Winnipeg cannot fail 
 to be onward until she becomes one of the largest and wealthiest cities on the continent. 
 
 335,835 
 
 ,,550; p 
 
 nent ofpopula- 
 
 ,550; personal 
 
 essment. 
 
 i7G,018 
 
 i;!5.80.') 
 131,08.) 
 07,821 
 lUi.'HO 
 
 ir>,o;o 
 
 ' 0,1)00 
 9G,430 
 32,270 
 
 'g can boast of 
 but vesterday 
 l.ooo'.OOO, and 
 joo ; lire halls 
 ^•c, f 100,000. 
 ilete and com- 
 waier supply 
 13 to 25, each 
 
43 
 
 ilACDuL'GALL'S ILLUSTRATED UflDB, 
 
 REPRESENTATIVE HOUSES OF WINNIPEG. 
 
 Duffin Block. 
 W. Whitehead, Taylor & Co. 
 Drugs. StatioDors. 
 
 Erected 1R82. 
 
NNIPEG. 
 
 
 B2. 
 
 FOR MANIT' BA AND 'illE NORTHWEST, 
 
 43 
 
 J. H. Asiidown, Wholesale Hardware. 
 
M U'l) H;<iAI,I. ,S II,I.U-TH.\TKI» (JriliK 
 
 Trott & Mitchell, Drugs. 
 
v> 
 
 mac; OLUALL'd ILLLiil'UATEU OUIDB, 
 
 
 
 Blllli S-KYH VIEW. 
 
 E l^-lli: Ft S O I<T 
 
 The (.'ily of Eincr.-oii, the " ClatiMviiv C\{y " ol' Mftiiitoh.i, was iiicorjioratoil ns .'i city in 
 \>^M'i, liiviii^' 11 p'ip iliitioM (if over 2,1100 iiilml)iliints. Tin' ori^^'iiml town site w is lail out liy 
 Tapt. Tlu)iiiii3 Ciirncy, tiie jircseiit iiiayor i)f the city, nnd the representative in the Loeul 
 I,e;:ishuure of the Coiuity of iliiiersoti, iiiiil liy .Mr. \V. S Fairbanks, holh leailiii;^ men in eoin- 
 inercial ciicles. Kuier.-on st.'ii'ted into e.\isteiice in .Inne, 18"}, and in six years has maile 
 (j'iiuit strides commercially, raiikinc; second in )ic)iat of si/.e atnl im]porlance in the new Nurtli- 
 West, hiiving i!i;playfcd a <piiil of enterp ise whi.di, it emulated by other risiiifj towns in the 
 new country, will iieconip isli in a few y«ars, tor the coinmeree nnd trade of the counliy 
 (.'enerali}', such maivelioiis frrowtli and pio;,'res.-? as will surjuise the wurld. 'J'he city is 
 fitiiated on the ca?t barik of lleil liiver, a short distance from tlie international bounihuy, and 
 is the terminus of the I'eiabinii llrancli of the ("anadian i'acilic Hallway -wheie it coniieets 
 with the tit. Paul, .Minneapolis and .Manitoba Railway, which is the h:st link in the chain or 
 the preut Ameiicaii sy.-tini of western railway C(*m!iiniiication wliich lic.jins or ends liere. 
 It is a jiorl of entry for Manitoba and contains, besides a Dominion custom house, laml ollice, 
 etc., railway, stenmliois'., sla^'e, o\press, tele;rraph otlices, and many im])osin,uMnercanlilo and 
 j'rivate buildinj^s, inchidinir an njicia house, city hall, etc., etc. The growth of the city in all 
 de[)artments has been remailiable, and is due lar^rely to the lil)erality and cnterpris'S of its 
 founders and the busino.si men irnierally. A handsome trallic brid^,'e has recently been built 
 across the Red River at a cost of j^;i<),o(io by the ci'y. which ;rives communication with the 
 wheat fitdds of Southern Manitoba, and will draw the trade ot this fertile country to the doors 
 of the mercantile men of f^merson, who unitedly and with rare enterprise, coiuidetud the Qrat 
 free traflic bridge over the Red River. 
 
 The bridge itself may be described as follows: It consists of two spans. 85 feet each, 
 and one swing bridge 145 feet in length, with two shore approaches on i)ilcs. The piers, wliich 
 rest upon pile foundations, arc fivi! in number, and are built of oak crib work with stone 
 tiiliogs. The sujjerstructure is built upon what is known as the " combination Howe-truss " 
 jirinciple, the lower chords nnd oilier tension members being of iron, and the compression 
 members of wood. The roadway is 10 teel in clear wivltli, h'aving room for teams to pass. 
 The awing bridge, when open, leaves two clear channels of (;0 feet each. 
 
 " T.-'o years ago Emerson was only a smaii hamlet, with streets and town site ffcnerally 
 mnch as .Vature made them, even Dominion Street, ihc business thoroughfare of tlie town, 
 lieing overgrown with scrub, from the .Martin House to the jiresent raihay station, while lots 
 on said streets that .ire today worth ?,'J,000 could at that time be purchased for $200. Three 
 general stores, two hotels, ode law office, a tailor shop, a livery stable, a blacksmith shop, ao 
 
 fiiriculturfl 
 winall chur 
 l.usiness, c 
 IfiTH, only 
 ■, i-ars has 
 '.lepartmen 
 machinery 
 handsome 
 ( hurch edi 
 the place, 
 numerous 
 siniie of th 
 Kilcs amoi 
 houses, Iw 
 profession, 
 uhile Ihe 
 thousand 
 
 Kmer> 
 Among wl 
 having a 
 Then thei 
 s^horlly be 
 Kailw.w 
 country, p 
 
 One 
 Kmerson 
 
Kv)ll MVNITOHA AND TIIK NnUXIIW ts r. 
 
 J7 
 
 
 'mm 
 
 
 If 
 
 S^!?**^ 
 
 toil «,■? 11 city in 
 IS lai.i out liv 
 e in the Local 
 .1'^ men in com- 
 icars lia3 inailo 
 tlie new .Nditli- 
 ? town.-! in the 
 of tiie couiitry 
 il. 'J'lic city i'.i 
 Ijouridiiry, unil 
 I'lc it cdiinects 
 ill tlu- cimin or 
 5 or en lis here. 
 i>i', litnil oflice, 
 nn'rcicntiic iind 
 f'tlic cKy in all 
 itcrpiis'! of its 
 itly been bnilt 
 ation witli the 
 ry to tlio doors 
 l>letcd the first 
 
 . 85 feet each, 
 Im piers, which 
 irk with stone 
 I Ilowe-truss " 
 le compression 
 X'ams to pasa. 
 
 site ffcnerallj 
 '■ of the town, 
 ion, while lotfl 
 S200. Three 
 iinith shop, ao 
 
 f!:rriciiltnrnl iiiiplciin'Ut warchoii.ic, iiinl last, luit not li-a-t, u sclioul Imu-e ir» x 24, tiireo 
 small church etlitices, one alioiit 12 x Ifi, and a few ilwc'.lin^ hoiisc.'J, comprised the enliro 
 l.ii.-ilnesH, cilncatKinal, r«-lif,'i()in and .-ncial interests of tlio town ol' Ktiicrson in N'oveniher, 
 1«7H, only thirty-six inonliii a^'o. Tn-iay the stra;,'sli"J,' hamlet in this brief space ot three 
 vears has ^frown into a vij^orons and thriving,' yonni; city, with a mayor and Council ; a fin) 
 ijeparlment, rnf,'iuo hon.-e and a S'l.noo Bieam lire eni^ine, a school hoard, and all the 
 machinery of a )lro^llc^ous corporation. This 15 x 21 sclioolhoiiso has given jilace to a 
 liandsome and sulistantial brick edifice erected at an expense of over .♦.'), OOO. Six substantial 
 ( liurch ediliccs adorn tiie town, while six resident ministers look after the spiritual affairs of 
 the place. The business inieres'.s of the town have develojied juoportionately, and now 
 numeriMH general .stores, hardware, (Ir}' t^oods, (grocery, fiirnituie and driij:; stores; six hotels, 
 soiiie of them nn;:urpas.-c 1 liy anytliiii.: in the rrovinc'e; three eitcnsive lumber yards, vilh 
 i^ales amounlin;: th.s year to ten millions of feet; six !ar;re R;:ricultuial impleuient ware- 
 lionses, two baak-'. and live or more representatives of every lino of business, trade and 
 profession, supply the wants of a rich, fertile and well .settled section cast, north and west, 
 uhile Ihe assessed va uatiun of tlie tjwn had reached tlie comfortable sum of seven hundred 
 ibuusand dollars." ♦ • . » 
 
 Kinerson will become a railway centre. Xumeroiis roads ])olntinff i'l this dirertlon, 
 nmonj; which mii^'lil be mentioned the Dulntli k Kmeison Air Line, already chartered and 
 liavintC a valnalile land j.'iaiit. and inlenibd to connect with the Canadian I'acilie at this point. 
 Then there is the Kmerson k North-Westi-rn liailway, which has been surveyed and will 
 sliorlly be built. The buildin-,' cf this road has been'iindertaken by the Ca.nadi.v.v Tacikio 
 Kailway Co., the City of Mmerson havinf^ with unusual enterprise, even in this enteriirising 
 country, subsidized them liberally to carry out the conditions of the charter. 
 
 One daily newspaper, the IiUernutional, »ud a ucmi-weckly journal, aie published io 
 Kmemoa 
 
 rilOClUE.S^A IN 1SS2. 
 
 Kmerson hns shared in the j_'eneral pro=iicrily ot IPS.', and has prri'atly increased in size, 
 liopidati<in and wc.iUli duiiiiu' the past vi ar. The (iri'_'iual survey of the town comprised bui) 
 acres, but durini^' the winter of b-'81-82 the city limits were extended so as to iiulude river 
 lots 18, 'JO and 22, pivitii; the town an area ol L.'iuO acres. The jiniml.ilion has risen to over 
 :i,000, and the jisscssimI value of real estate exceeds ijl,buo,Ooii. In the spriuji of 1882 
 Kmerson snifered a severe drawback from the carrying: away of the free tradic brid),'e oyer 
 the Heil lliver by the ice. With commendable enterprise the"|)cople determined on rebuildin;.; 
 it ; and. ussisteil by a yr.ant of ."rHOjdtK) tVom the Dominion (loveinmciit, the woik will soon 
 he com|dctcd. l)uiiii;,Mhe year the Cortuiration vot"d a bonus of S7."),0()0 to the Camidiau 
 i'acilie Kailw.ay to a-^sist in buildiuu' an iron railway bridue over the Red River, and a sjinr 
 line to connect" Hinersdii with the I'embina branch of the C.IVU., thus !,'ivin_;,f the city access 
 I'V riiilwMV to the fei tih- ll-dds uf .-^o'llhcrn Maiiilobn. A lar^'c number of handsome private, 
 imblic and business bnildiuLjs have been erected during the year, and the wave of pros[icrity 
 eoutinues to increase. 
 
 A larL'e and eommodions hotel w:i.s built this season by M;i.voi Carney, which is hand- 
 FOin(dy furnislied ihroujj'amt. and a lar^'e business bln.k costini;; over *luO,0(i() was erected 
 l.v W.'X. I'.iirbanks: also a line block has been built by Mr. F. K. linrnhara. ( llher extensive 
 li'iick liuildinu's have bcMi constructed, whicdi add L'leatly to the aj.iiearance of the City. 
 The meri'antile trade of Kmerson has mure than doubled dnrin.u' the p ist year, and promise.? 
 .1 greater increase next season. A company has been orjranizi'd by Caiit. Carney, Mr. 1?. S. 
 Ciialmers anil Mr. l>ewey (the inventor)' to manul'aelure on a lar^a- scale a self-binding,' 
 harvester special'y adrtpte'd to jiraiiie work, the subscribed capital beinj.' JIOO.OOO, and a 
 hir^'c li:i.<iness will be acnie throu'.'hout the .Viji'th-West. 
 
43 
 
 MAri)oi;oAr,i,'s im-ustrated ouidk, 
 
 Tlio Town of l'oitii,'c t;i Prairio \\n,=i incoriioraiccl in 1881, and like (iiImt HtirriiiR J)ii3incs«i 
 cpntros in the (;ati;i'li,i!i N'ortli-Wcst, Inn, in ii ti-w voum, spniii),' iVoin a villiit,'« of h few- 
 houses to a town of iuiiioitiincc, witii lftiu>5 <'i"'ii"<'r<'i'»l iiilfii'stH Htnl luilliiint prosiu'cts. in 
 1873 tho population \\ a.-f piohaMy two liunilicil souN, to-<liiy tlu'io niu^t lie lu-aily three 
 fiiousnnd peojile who livi- liy tin- husiiie-i-i cariieil on in tliis (fo-uiieail " i'laiiii! " town. 
 i'ortftBO la Praiiio id the uiiu'ily town of Mani'iette West aii'l i.-t tlie seat of the county court 
 nnd registry ollice. It is on tiiL' vVssiiuliiiiin' Kiver, o:. miles t -oiii Wiunipet;. nnd is on the line 
 »)f the uanailian racillr lliihvay. Lar^je ami liourishinir setiletnents surroiiiui it, ami a pooil 
 Irailo 19 hcitig ilone with Western Manitnlia ami tlm Xorth-West Territories. Kiirinj; the 
 coniiiiK seasoii then; will he daily coiiunMuieation with Wintiipej;, holli hy river mid rail, ainl 
 loandfriiTu the \\'e.-t, as far as Foit Kllice, sleaudmals will ii.vviijate _lli(> As-iniljoinrt and 
 hriii',' trade to the town front the rapidly f,'iowiiijr .settletneuls of the N'orth-We>l, while as 
 the 0. 1*. U. pi'oriesics rail fai-ilitles will lie oll'ered the merchants and I'ortajre la I'rairie will 
 compete with Wiunipet^ for her c^hare ot the western t:ade. llesides several hotels, [.-aw and 
 (,'risl mills, lueu cries, hanks, mercantile houses, etc., this plaee is \v(dl snp])lied with clrindies 
 sehools, etc., and has all tln' inaehinery of a prospeious and (jrowiii;,' town, whose future 
 pi'osjiects justify new oiiterprides, e.xli'iisive huilding operulioas ami the iuvetilnienl of lar;.'e 
 sums of money jjenerally. 
 
 A few year- a'.") town lots eould he pu'Tliascd at from SLI to ?."iO and to day the sauie 
 properly is held at from ^Ci'v.) to .'i.ooo, U'ithoiit using the lani;ua,i,'e of exa^'jreratioti, it nun 
 he said that the future of I'orta^je la Pniirie will he a hrilliaiit one. liesides an excelleni 
 location on a n!ivi;.'alde river, it i-! situated in tlu? midst of a w'^nderfully feriilo ronnlry 
 whi. h is already closely settled ai.il hoasts some of tla; liiiest tiviins in the North-West 
 La!{;e hiiihliu'.;- operations are projected tor ne.\l season, and a larj;e amount of capital will 
 lind its Way to tin' prolitaMe mvestuieiils off'red in every department of tradi' and c(Un!nprce. 
 We predici cousiilerahle rivalry in the I'lnhryo cities of the N'orlli-We-it, and while tho conipi'- 
 titioti thus excited is healthy and. iuspiritinjr tliu '' I'ortatre,' composed of a community of 
 active .-.elf-made ami lihi'ial Imsiness men, will he sure to ludd lier place in the froul rank u^ 
 a distiilaitiufr market and trade centre ot' W Csteru .Manitolia and the .Vorlh-Wesl. 
 
 A hrmeli of the Ontario Hank is doiucr a huue nnd prolitalde lei-ine<s here, and hranche-: 
 of private l{ankiii}f Houses a^e enjoyin^r oo'ufoifahle positions tor money imikiiii,'. 
 
 Fifty miles of the I'orta^e la I'rairie, Westlpouine, ami .Vorth Western Uaihvay have hei>>i 
 pra<h;d and the rails are heiii^; rapidly thrown down. The huiluiiiz of this road may he said 
 to settle any doubts as to the tuture ot' this place, liarge mdls and elevators are projected, an I 
 the comin;.' year will chronic le a vast im'rease of the (jrain trade and >;iarit strides will he 
 tiiaile in treiieral ciuiinn'rcial pro;/ress and in the development ot' new manufacturing enter- 
 prises. Already these imhistries ail' of lit) mean order, as will he see;i hy the many smoke 
 stack; and the loominij up of large huildings. The demand lor (digihie property, espeidally 
 business sites, is great, and values h.ive incpca cd in some ca-;es a hundred-fold the past 
 season As with Winnipeg, Knu'ison and Hiaudoii, m.iny comfortahle fortunes have hcen 
 made out of I'e.il estate transactions in I'ortage la I'rairie. There arc two newspapers 
 puldished lice which com|)Mre favorahly with thi^ hist journals of the conntiy and whose 
 editorials aid largely in developing ente;pii.-,i' and advertising the attraetii.ns of the town and 
 surroiiiidiiig country. The .If'i >/ file Ii cfii' was the lirsi paper started a-.d ha-i now a large 
 and infiiieniial ciicnlation. R'cently a new journal has been established, the name of which 
 we have uol yet received. 
 
 PuoaiiKs.s IN 1SS2. 
 
 Tlii- , 
 •.PCcivt'd it 
 
 It wil 
 onlv to Ih 
 w hole cotu 
 
 The it 
 
 ■lie Domit 
 
 • aihvay 
 
 aslelll of 
 
 ■ iti- 
 
 The opening of the Poi'lage, We-thoui'iie .■uid N'orth-^\'estern l;,ri\v:iy thi-oiigh llhidstone, 
 Odauah, llii tie, itc, has gi-eally increased the trade of I'ort.-ige l.i I'lairie during the past 
 year, and the erection of an immense idevator has vastly improved tin' facilities for handliii'/ 
 grain. The city has grown steadily in wealth ami ]iopulation ; and an eviilence of il3 com- 
 mercial s'andiilg is found in the'tiiet that .^s.'io.duo worth of city dehentnres needed foi' 
 im]iroverneiit were (ilaeed at lOo.l, being an increase of twenty jirr cmt. over the price paid 
 fur tlip last loan issued. 
 
 
 First '.M 
 
 . 1 
 
 u; t>i!t> 1 
 
 ; , 
 
 8e;"tion 
 
 
 or in al 
 
 
 section 
 
 
 and ill 
 
 
 admit s 
 
 
 the cot 
 
 
 points. 
 
 
 s^elkiik 
 
 l— ■ 
 
 - 
 
.IE. 
 
 slirriii(( tiii!iiiios<i 
 
 Villllj,'!) of H few 
 
 'it prosix'ctij. Ill 
 
 III' ni'Hily tlirc.. 
 
 I'niiiio " town. 
 
 Ill' coimty court 
 
 iinl is on 'the liiH' 
 
 i it, ami ft poo. I 
 
 i'"<- l»iiiin(j till- 
 
 I'f Mini PHil, ninl 
 
 As- iiiil. (linn an. I 
 
 -\\■c■^l, Whilo IH 
 
 VTo III I'mirio will 
 liotcis, saw mill 
 I with clnrclics 
 n, " liDSf Ciitiin. 
 
 L'tilllU'lit of lac;;.. 
 
 o liny Iho painc 
 
 frati.in, it, muv 
 
 ii's 1111 exccllciii 
 
 I'lTiile rotiiitrv 
 
 ill' Xol-tll-WfHl" 
 
 of capital will 
 • an. I coiiiiiiricc. 
 .iiili' tliL' corii[ii'. 
 I <(iiiiiiiiiiiiiy (iC 
 i" IVoul rank u-i 
 est. 
 
 e, ami Inancho-! 
 I lit,'. 
 
 ilvvay liavp ln'i.ii 
 nl iMJiy l,e siiiil 
 ■ pi-oje'ctcd, ail. I 
 striilcs will I... 
 rai'tiiriii;r i'iit"i-- 
 10 many snioki' 
 LTty, .'speciallv 
 ■il-ti>|i| tlie ]iftjt 
 
 lllR'.i IlilVC! liocll 
 IVO llCWSlPftlKTS 
 
 itiy ami wboic 
 'I'llie town ami 
 in now n larpi) 
 name of which 
 
 kIi OlaiUton.', 
 U!in;r the past 
 i for Immiliiiu' 
 nco of its roiii- 
 es needcij for 
 the price pai.i 
 
 I 
 
 Full MANIT«in\ ANI» THE NORTII-WES r. 
 
 TIIH CANADIA:^ PAriFIC J{AIL\VAY. 
 
 49 
 
 ; ofoiic Inimlio.l dolUra carli, wliich sliare? shall lie tran-ferahle in surii 
 siu'li comlitions as simll lie pidvliled liy the liv-laws of the company, 
 Diiiuim Mclntyio. .loliii S. Keimntv, Uiclmrd B. AiiVns, Jsnios J. IIill,nenrv 
 
 Tlii- tiitranlic enterjiriic— Ihr iim-t iiii[i .riant iimlertnkinfr of the Miiiotecnth century— 
 •.PCeivi'il 111 ratilicnlion from the Doiniiiioii I'mlimiieiit on the ir.th of reliriiary. 1881. 
 
 It will mMlniiU iiiteieU oiir n a.ler-i In liiirllv ri'view a work of such vital iiiterosl not 
 (iMly to the Noith-Wcst, hut to nil porijoiis of the Doiuiniou of Canada, and in fact to the 
 whole ciiinnicnial and civili/e.l world. 
 
 The iticcplloii ot the work dat.'-i with the n.lmission of liriti^h r<.Iiimliia into union with 
 •he Uuniinioii ot Canada ; one of the fnmjaincntal comliti.in.s of which union was, llnit a 
 • ailway should he constructed, connoctiiij; the seaboard of Hritish Coluiubia with the railway 
 ystein ot Camidil. 
 
 Jt i.s u'lncccisiiry to relate the viciisiludea of the outerprise in nttcmptinff to CJirrv out 
 this condition. i i» j 
 
 It \^ Hiillirient to say that after aereral niiiieal.^ to the countrv, and the •' iu.^ and ont.'i " of 
 tlire.' .Miio.strie.s, it wa.s liually demonstrated that the onlv pracii'eahle wav l.v which the roftd 
 '■.mill he constructed, so lu to Cep (r,„,d faith with llriti'sh Col.iinliiii and lit the same titne 
 Mihserve tl.e true inteie.sn ol liie Doiiiiiiion at lar}.'e, was hv means of an incorporated com- 
 ;.iiiiy aide.l l.y Covrrnment i;iants of iiimiey and laml. Ac'cordiiiirlv siich a company liavin;; 
 ..ecu ori:iiui/,i'd, and the preliminary tcriiH ami condition.? ii;,'reed upon, and approve'd of, hv 
 he e.\istiii?; MMiLslry, the fullowiuj; Act of incor|.oralioii w.n. after adiscii.ssiou of many dav.s, 
 |i,is.-'ed ill the House im lli.' l.'.ih reluuaiv, 18H1, hv a s.itislactorv niajorits-. 
 
 In iii'i'onlame with an Act of Pnriiam.Mit of (*iin,iihi piis-rd'on tl'ie ir.'tli ofFchrunrv, 1881. 
 U's Kxeellciiry the f ioveriior-(!eaeral in (y'niincil ordered that letter.-) iiaieiit under the great 
 ■ii'a! of Camel. I he i><ueil ineorporatiii',' (leori'e Sicphen, of Mnutreal. Diiue.iu Meliitvre, ol 
 iMoutre.il ('.(iiii.l.i ; .loiiii S. Kenii.'.ly. i.f N'cw Vork, l.ankir; the tiiiii of .Morton, l!ose'& Co., 
 .fliOiid.iu. Knu'laiid. haukers ; the firm of l\'oon, Fleinacli .V Co, of I'aris, France, Imnkcr.'! : 
 Kiehard I!. Air^riu, an 1 Jaines ,1, Hill, of St. I'aiil, State of Minnesota; with all such other 
 per.son,s an.i c(upoia"io:H as shall liei o iie sluirehoMers in the ('ompanv herehv iucoriiorated. 
 n l.iiily corporate nml politic, hy the mime of the " (Canadian I'aeitie, lliiilway Oompany." The 
 .Vet goes on to :t\y : The capital stock of the Company .shall he twentv-fivo million dollars, 
 'livid. -d into share. 
 manner and iijioii 
 < Jeorge Sle(ihen 
 StfllVord North 
 
 ■iiid I'.Moii .1. dc KeiiiMih. of Paris, are the first directors of the comjiany, with power to add 
 1.1 lli'.ir nmnhi-r. luii the ilirectovs shall not in all e.Kceed fifteen in number; ami the majority 
 of the (lireclors, of whom the presideiU, shall lie one, shall he Hritish subjects. The chief 
 place of business of the ecuiipany is at the city of iMontreal, but the company may from time 
 lo time, by by-law, iipp.iint iiiiil fi\ other places within or beyond tint liiuits of Canada Ht 
 wliiidi the business of the compiiny imiy he transacted, and ntuliich the directors or sliare- 
 liolders may meet. The fiist a inual meeting of the shareholders of the coinpany for the 
 iippointiiu lit of directors was h. 'Id on tlie second Wednesday in May, 1881, at the principal 
 ulfic of the CDMip.iny in Mimireal. 
 
 The terms rcipiired were tli(> deposit nf a million dollars in rash as spcurily for the construc- 
 tion, and the gauge to be four feet eight iitid a half inches. In respect to the quality and 
 character of the work, theruion I'aciiic Uiiil way was accept(>d as the standard. The workwas 
 eoiiiinenced on the eastern scetioii before the first of July, the central section by May, 1881, 
 ami the whole must be complete. 1 by .May, \f'.)\. The company can either pay the cost of 
 liuildiug the piivlions under construction when completed, or assume the work atanvtime by 
 jiaying thi' oiiibiy. If they take uji the iiortions under construction they must complete them 
 before |K.>.i. Tiu' Uritish (,'olunibiii section must also be completed by 1801. The road will 
 be the iiroperly of the company forever. When the portions under construction are com- 
 pleted, if not brfore, thi.y will be handed over to the company. The subsidy is $2,5,000,000 
 lasli and 2.'>,oo(),0o(i aeic's of land. The division o'' the subsidy is as follows : inIohcv — for the 
 rentral section, a.s.sumed at 1 ,"..">n mile-, th" first 9 ,0 miles at $10,000 per mile, total, $9,000,000; 
 the second t".'! miles at Jt."?,,'!;;:! per mile, .^C.O'iO 000-total, *ir),000,Ooo ; the eastern, or Lake 
 Superior section, iissntued at <; lO miles subsidy equal to $15,384 per mile, or $10,000,000; 
 total for both divisions. $2,"i,000,00i). The land subsidy is thus divided: Central section- 
 First !»00 miles at 12.,-| lO acres per mile- total 11.2.")0,6oo a^res ; second section, 430 miles, 
 I'JGiK; acres per miU — tutal T.aOO.OOO; total for the sections, 18,7.')0,000 acres; the eastern 
 se.'tion on Lake Snin-i ior, assnmrd at G.'i'i miles, gets a sul>sidy equal to 9.G15 acres per mile, 
 or in all tj.'i.Vi.ouo acres; total for the whole line, 25,000,00 ). ' With regat-d to the respective 
 sections the subsidy is to he paid and grante.l as each section or twenty miles are constructed 
 and ill running onler. The (ioveriimeut grant water front facilities to the company and 
 admit steel rails, fish-plates, etc., free of duty The Government exliuruish all Indian titles, 
 the company to locate the line wherever they see fit, iirescrviug the following terminal 
 jioints. from'C.ilendar station to a point o''jiiiction w'.th tlie Lake S qierior section and from 
 Selkirk to the junction with western section al Kam'oops by way of Vellowbead Pass. For 
 
 ord N'orthiote, of Lcmdon. T'ascoe dii I'. (Ireufell', of London, ("harles Day Rose, of Londot'i, 
 I'.. iron .1. dc Keimnh. of Paris, are the first directors of the comiianv, with power to add 
 
 1. 
 
50 
 
 MACDOUQALL S ILLUSTRATED GUIDE, 
 
 twenty years no line of railway i8 to lie autborized by the Dominion Parliament to com|ieif 
 wilb t'he Pacific, except it be a line running west or soutli-west and tlicn it mii«t bo filteeu 
 miles away from the American Boundary. The property and cai)ital stocl< of tiie Company t(j 
 be free from taxation. The remaining provisions refer to the system of u-jing the laud grant, 
 bonda of ihe company. 
 
 THE OHOANIZATIO.V. 
 
 Shortly after the ratification of the above contract by Parliiiment the directors ot the Cana- 
 dian Pacific Railway met in Montreal, when theS.5 000,000 of stock rciiuired tobosub.-^cribedby 
 the terms of the clmrter were immiJiately siib.-icribed by the contractors and their friends in 
 London and Paris, and thirty per cent, thereof jiaid in, knd Jl, (00,000 required to be paid to the 
 (iovernment as security for th" ])erformance of the work was deposited in tlie Bank of Montreal 
 10 the cred't of the Finance Minister at Ottawa. The company was then fully organized by 
 llio appoiii'meat of George Stephen, of Montreal, as president ; Duncan Mclntyre, ot Montreal, 
 vice-president; and J. J. C. Abbott, QC, solicitor, Messrs. Stephen, Mclntyre, Angus and 
 Hill were chosen as an executive committee, Mr. Charles Drink water was aiipointcd secretjvry 
 and treasurer, and A. B. Stickney, general superintendent of the Western i. ijion. Arrange 
 iiients were made for the immediate and rapid prosecution of the work of construction. 
 The principal headquarters of the company were fixed at Montreal, and the old Consolidated 
 Hank building secured for offices, which are now open for transaction of business. 
 
 The present eastern termini of the road are the City if (Jttawa, the capital of the Domi- 
 nion, and the town of Krockville, on the St. Lawrence." The line thence to Lake Nipissing. a 
 total mileage of li'JJ miles, was acquired by purchase. 
 
 LAND roLICT. 
 
 The Company purposes to complete and have in operation 2.10 miles ot the railway west or 
 Winnipeg by the "close of the present year, and to carry it to the fool of the Itoiky Mountains, 
 (■..")'J miles further, by the end of 1884. Tlio work of construction will, during the next tea 
 years, afford employment to a large force ot men and boys. 
 
 To encourage tlie rapid settlement of the country, the Canadian Pa( illc Railway Company 
 will be prepared until further notice, to sell its lands" at tiie low jirice of :?'J.5ii, or ten shillings 
 sU'iling an acre, payable in instalments, and further make an allowaiiix- by way of rebate 
 irom this price, of $1.25, or five shillings sterling for every acre of .«:ii'l lanls bruugiit under 
 I ultivation within three to five years following the date of purchase, aecordiiig to the nature 
 a:id extent of the other improvements made tliereon, 
 
 Contracts at special rates will be made for lauds required for cattle r.u.-ing and other 
 purposes not involving immediate cultivation. 
 
 Intending settlers and their effects, on reaehing the Company's railway, will be forwarded 
 iliereon to their ]).ace of destination on very liberal terms. 
 
 The 800 miles of road west of the Red River, commencing at Winnipeg, Manitoba, runs 
 tlirough one of the finest agricultural countries in tlie world, tlie settlement of whicli has 
 hitherto been iiniieded by the want of railway facilities, but is now making rapid progress. 
 It is estimated 20,000 immigrants have arrived in tlie North-West during tlie past season. 
 " The applications for land the last summer from private settlers amounted to about 3G0,00') 
 acres, ana negotiations are now progressing with several Laud and Emigration Companies in 
 Kurope and Canada involving a total of nearly three million acres." l-See Canadian Pacific 
 Railway Company's Official Advertisement ofLand Regulations elsewlaTe.] 
 
 ProgrE)tS during 1S82. 
 
 The enterprise of the Company has been fully demonstrated tin'.- year by the energy w itii 
 which they have pushed on construction both in "the eastern and prairie sections, and at the 
 time of writing fully one-half of the road between Ottawa and the foot of the Rocky Moun- 
 tains is built and the greater portion of the comideted part under operation, w"hi!e the 
 iu:rchase of tlie western section of the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and lUcidental Railway 
 (117 miles between Ottawa and Montreal) from the Quebec Government for ^iljOOOjOOO give's 
 the Company access over its own lines to tide water at .Montreal. 
 
 The road is now completed and operated nearly .OOO miles west of Winnipeg, and th<» 
 prairie is being rapidly dotted with thriving villages; while at Hrandon, Regina and other 
 jioiuts, large and prosperous towns have sprung into existence almast as if by magic. The 
 t.'onipany has also located and is constructing several branch lines and others are in contem- 
 plation, so that in the course of a year or two there will scarcely be an iin[iortant point in 
 the Province which will not be "reached bv rail. General Van Home has been appointed 
 General Manager of the Company, and, uniier his active and energetic management, the 
 tonitiuction ot the road is being pushed forward more rapidly than has ever before beeii 
 accomplished on auy railway in the world. 
 
FOR MANlTuBA AND TUB NORTU-WEST. 
 
 51 
 
 t to C()nijH;;r 
 
 iiyt bo CliocM 
 Coiiipaiiy U) 
 
 01 the Cuna- 
 iubscrihoJ by 
 ir frii.'niid iti 
 >e i)fti(l to the 
 i of Moiitrciil 
 jrganizeJ liy 
 of Montreal, 
 An;,'U3 ami 
 ted sccretjiry 
 1. Arrange 
 construction, 
 yousolidated 
 
 if the Donii- 
 N'ipissing. >\ 
 
 I way wos-t or 
 • .Mountains, 
 •lio next tin 
 
 ly Company 
 ten shilliii;^.'* 
 ly of rel>aie 
 JU;^l}t under 
 I the nature 
 
 ii and oth'T 
 
 e forwarded 
 
 litoba, runs 
 which has 
 id j>roi,'res:-. 
 last season. 
 )out 300,00') 
 jnipanies in 
 lian I'ucilic 
 
 nc!p;y w iih 
 and at llif 
 cky Monii- 
 , wiiile tlie 
 il Itailwav 
 ,000 givi's 
 
 J, and th** 
 and otlier 
 igic. Tbe 
 in conteni- 
 it point in 
 ajipointci! 
 enienf, the 
 efore 'leen 
 
 \ 
 
 OTHER RAILWAYS UNDER COXSTRUCTIOX AND PROJECTED. 
 
 CUARTERS GRANTED BY THE DOMINION PARLIAMENT AND LOCAL LBQISLATURE. 
 
 Five years ago there was not a mile of railway in operation in the Province of Manitoba, 
 l.ut to-day, as will be seen by the map, a perfect net woilt of steel rails are being thrown 
 down in all directions, licsides the great national highway, the Canadian Pacitic Railway, 
 the following lines have been chartered and will shortly be in operation. 
 
 Those granted by Doniiniou Legislation are, 
 
 South Saskatciiew.^v Vam.ey Railway Company.— From a point on the line of Cana- 
 dian Pacific Railway, west of Province of Manitoba, between U. S. boundary and Slst 
 li.rallel, to be li.ted by Governor-in-Conncil, south-westerly in direction of the Souris, and 
 thence westerly to Rocky Mountains on a line to be approved by the Governor-in Council. 
 C.ijiital ir.'i.OOO'OOO. To lie conitufuccd not later than the time when the Canadian Pacific 
 itailway shall be completed from Red River to the point ajiproved by thoGovernor-in-Council 
 tor commencing the S. S. V. R. R., and not less than 20 miles a year to be built thereafter. 
 Provisional Directors, Andrew Holjertson, Donald Mclnnis, Jolm Ross, M. II. Cochrane, 
 Duncan Mclntyre, J. R. Thibaudean and James Turner. 
 
 Nklson Vaij.ky Railway ANn Thanbpoktatiov Company.— From the north shore of 
 Lake Winnipeg, or on the navigable waters of any river flowing north-west from said lake, to 
 a point at or near the Churchill River at or near the shore of Fludson's liay, with power to 
 ,jwn or charter vesjels and build telegraph lines. Route of road to be approved by Governor- 
 in-Council. Capital $2,000,000. Provisional Directors, lion. Thomas Ryan, 'lion. John 
 Hamilton, Peter Redpath, (Jeorge A. Druininond, Alexander Murray, Duncan Macarlhur and 
 Alexander Smith To be commenced within 2 years and completed in 6 years. 
 
 SoL'iiis and Rocky Moi-jitaiN RAiLWAV.—From a point on the Canadian Pacific Railway 
 to be fixed by the (»overne:-in-Couniil, westerly to the Hocky Mountains, between U. S 
 Ii0unda,% and .">lJl parallel, w ith a branch line soutlierly to or near Souris coal fields. All 
 lines to be ajiproved by tJovcrnor-in-Council. Capital $2,000, 000. To be commenced not 
 !;iter than the linie when Canmlian Pacific Railway is built to the point fixed by Governor-in- 
 ("iiimcil for cuiiimenccinent of S. & U. .M R. Provisional Directors, John Fiskin, ^\'arring 
 Kenni'dv, Ar<'hiba d Vouiig, Hon. .M N. Kennedy, \\ m. Jjanuerman, G. M. liutchart, John 
 i^niith, John J. Taylor and I). L. McLaren. 
 
 \\iN.v,-.''i;ii AND IIl:i).son\s Ray Railway and Stkamsiiip Co.— From City of Winnipeg, 
 or near, to Port Nd.-^on, or some other [loint on Und.-on's l!ay near the Nelson River, either 
 all rail or ]>y utilizing water strulclies ; and to own or charter steam or sailing vessels for use 
 i:n such waters o: from terminus to Europe or elsewhere. Capital $2,000,000. To be 
 loinmenced in 2 years and finished in G. Provisional Directors, Andrew Willson Te'l, Win. 
 i'lmnernian, Charles Smith, William T. McLeod, Peter Jackson Hrown, John C. Sihult/, 
 Hugh Ryan, John G. llaggert, Joscjdi Riopelle, llugh Sutherland, Alexander Barnet and 
 Ldmuiid Elliott. 
 
 Manitoisa Soirii-Wi:sTKiiN Colonization Railway.— From Winnipeg through South- 
 western Manitoba Now under construction running through a magnificent country. (See 
 map ) 
 
 West:ioi"iink and XoitTii-AVKSTKHN Railway.— From Canada Pacific, between Poplar 
 I'oint and western boundary of Province in a north-westerly direction, cast of Riding Moun- 
 lains, to northern or western boundary ot Province. Caiiital t100,000. To be commenced in 
 2 years and finished in 5 years Provisional Directors, George Brown, Hon. M. N. Kennedy, 
 Hon. C. P. Rrown, John Smith, J. A. K. Druininond, James Cowan, David Young, Hon, D. 
 .M. Walker, John A. Davidson, W. K. Sanford and George Winks. (This road is chartered 
 by the Local Legislature and is being ra.jidly built) 
 
MAC]).»L(l.VLl/s ILI.CSTKATEI) GUIDE, 
 
 / 
 
 DISTANCES FROM WINNIPEG. 
 
 Diiwsoii Itoiul. — ^1'iiiniito;; lo A«>rlIi-\Vt>Nt Aiijjle. 
 
 T'ointo-tlu-T'lii'iie or Lorcttc 
 
 M1LE8. 
 .... 30 
 
 Hrokenliead Ilivor. 
 
 Whilemoulli Kivur 64 
 
 Bircli II 
 
 80 
 
 XoiihAW'St Aiiylf, 1-iilve ot tiie Woods liO 
 
 Ily IUhI River nnd I.uUo 'Wiiiniiio^. 
 
 (Viniiipcg to Giiiili, Icelaiulic Sct'iloiiicut 
 
 By Rnad di»«vu Mvtti liaiik ir.,>cl Kivor. 
 
 Wiiiiiiiiet; lo St. .Tolm's. 
 Kildoniiii . . 
 
 
 56 
 
 St. I'aiil's 8 
 
 8t. Aiiiliew s HJ 
 
 Kowi-r Foil (iariy 20 
 
 St. ('l"ni iil'.s....! 22 
 
 Si>lkiik 24 
 
 liy Konil ><»rni-\V4->4t. 
 
 ■\Viniiiiifj; 111 Siui.'il Lake 
 
 ' St. I.Mnrciii, Lnki! .Mi'.iiit'ilia 
 
 '• • )a ^ I'dini. '• '• 
 
 Ity K» d ni> WoHt Bank B<><1 Kitcr. 
 
 40 
 
 C3 
 
 10 
 
 TtVinniiieg to Si. Ninbert 
 
 " Morris 2.') 
 
 " Sciateliiiig River 42 
 
 '• Diim-rin - 67 
 
 ■" AVfst Lyiiiio fojiposile Huicisoii) GJ 
 
 ]:iiiprsoii lo NourN River 
 
 ■.>y the " Boiimlary Coniinissioa Trail,'' and to somo inicnncdiatc [loiiits. 
 
 Kmerson lo Mountain City 5*5 
 
 (Between tliese two imint.'' tberc are Meniioiiitc viiinges every six or eight miles.) 
 
 Mountain City to Calf .Mouiitniri 1.1 
 
 ■OalC Mountain to I-iti!i' Pcinbiiia Piiver 2 
 
 Little IViiihina fiivei- to Stoiiv (,'rook 2 
 
 Stony Creek to Pcinliiii.i lUwv ('r(is^in;f 6 
 
 .Pembina River Ciosiiiirx to (Iiyslal t'ity 2o 
 
 Crystal City to ('ypii.ss RiviM' 4 
 
 ■Cypress Uiver to I'^id^i'r Croik ]i> 
 
 Hadgor Crrek to Pancake Lake 1«J 
 
 faneake Lake to L;i!;ivi''re's 14 
 
 3.<aRivi6re'3 to iiViiciion with trail tViiii Assinihoine River 7 
 
 LaRivierc'.= io tiie (io vein men t Land ( itlice 18 
 
 Land Office due we.<t to t e Souris River.,. Bf( 
 
 LaRiviere's due north to !;an!T's Valley 45 
 
 Lang's Valley to Millford 2') 
 
 Millt'ord to Grand Valley on Assiniboine River 30 
 
 Good feed and water all through tliis country; no .^'oiiiiiitg plnee,^. c:,; ept LaRivii^re's 
 ''Veat of Crysttil City, but good camping giounds. ' 
 
 • Winnl|»f>8r to I»<^rlni^•o In rriiiri4>. 
 
 (By Xorth Trail ) 
 
 "vVinnlpeg to Ileadingly IJ 
 
 .tleadinglv to Wt'ite Horse Plains 3 
 
 Acrsss \Viiitc Horse Plains to Grearson's. 20 
 
 <iro«\r3on's to Mission Trail 6 
 
 ♦.Sir.ce tlie ooiislrucl ion of Uio C. P. Hailvvrav all n<(ti\t8 Wt^sl are reneliod more easily by 
 ilMll. 
 
 i 
 
 Mission Ti; 
 Lon^r Lakt 
 Poplar Po 
 High Bluf 
 
MILEH. 
 30 
 
 <34 
 
 m 
 
 110 
 
 r.s 
 
 2 
 
 5 
 
 8 
 
 1(3 
 
 20 
 
 22 
 
 24 
 
 40 
 
 55 
 
 G3 
 
 10 
 
 '25 
 
 42 
 
 67 
 
 63 
 
 r)t) 
 
 ailes.) 
 
 l.i 
 
 2 
 
 2 
 
 « 
 
 2» 
 
 4 
 
 M 
 
 ItJ 
 
 14 
 
 7 
 
 18 
 
 (jO 
 
 45 
 
 20 
 
 30 
 
 iaUiviorc'a 
 
 12 
 
 3 
 
 20 
 
 5 
 
 OHslly by 
 
 FOK MANIiOBA AND THE NOKIU-WES T. 5;. 
 
 Mission Trail to Lonvj Lnke 7 
 
 Loii(ir Lake to tin- Torta;^!^ lioad or I'oplar Point ,.,,. o 
 
 Poplar Point to ififxh lilull' lu 
 
 IJigh Blufl to PortiiLjc" la Pniiiie « 
 
 Total n:i!cs to 
 
 (My Front Road or South Trail) 
 
 WinnijX'g to lloaiUnjily 13; 
 
 Ifoadingly to House's 14 
 
 House's to Johnson's T 
 
 Johnson's to Poplar Point 12 
 
 Poplar Point to Portage la Prairie 20 
 
 Total miles G," 
 
 The main road from AVinnipeg to llcaclinnrly is generally in a bad eondition. especially iis 
 wet weather, but a great many bad jilaees eaabe avoided by taking what is called the North 
 Trail, a half-mile above ISturgeon Creels, coming out in the White Horse Plains at the " Jew's 
 Ktore; " then turn north and west crossing two bridges— a good road can be got to Urearsori's 
 with the exception of one slough about sixteen miles from the main road. The road from 
 Orearsou's to the Mission Trail is good and dry, and the road from the Mission Trail to Long' 
 Lake is generally good— here the two trails intersect, north and south trails— the north i» 
 considered the best, esDceially in a wet season. Good feed for cattle can ahvBys be bouirht on 
 both roads, and there are good stopping places \rhh good stabling. Leaving \Viunipeg in the 
 morning and going by the main road llouse's place can be reached at night; bui by the 
 North Trail, if a fail day's travel is done, one must camp on White Horse Plains, and wood 
 should be carried, fur none can be had on the Plains. Tlie next day by the North Trail 
 (Irearson's can be reached early. About four miles above the "Jew's Store" the ferry 
 ei<i~ses the Assinihoine Rivor. The trail for the Boyne settlement starts here, also a trail t»> 
 Turtle Mountain, whieh, however, is througli low land and is a heavy road. 
 
 I*ort»t;e la Prairie to Bit; Plain. 
 
 The distance fioia Hig Plain to Portage la Prairie is fil'ty-six miler?, as follow? : — 
 
 Portage la Prairie to Rat Creek i* 
 
 Ral l_;reek to (_'(>(ik's or Kmniett (Ireek 14- 
 
 ('ook's t'reek to I'anguiaii's or Heaver Dam •-• 
 
 Paugman's to .McKinnon's (near Provincial boundary line) 6 
 
 MeKiniioii'-S to Pitie Greek 15 
 
 I'iiie Crei-k 10 Tiu' I'lain C 
 
 Total mile-! 5C- 
 
 (Near liere. in the Sand ilillS; a new trail branches oil to the .Souiis River, but not inuc'.i 
 used.) 
 
 Good feed and cood 3top|)ing places can always be reached by ihi-; road ami ))!i'iity of 
 pood water ean be obtained, but the road is in a very bad condition, being a continuation of 
 slougiis through a low swampy country — in fact between the Portnee and McKinnon's tlien- 
 are fifty miles of tlie worst travel in' the country. Immigrants sliuuid, if possible, <,'f> itv 
 parties of eight or ten, so as to assist each other in bad places by doubling up their team?. 
 After |ia=si;ig McKinnon's, however, a beautiful prairie country is reached, and for days,- 
 Ihougli an occasional wet place will be met with, the journey cannot fail to be one of real 
 pleasure. Across llie Ilig Plain the road is excellent and a tine rolling eotintry is ]>!f3enteii 
 to vie\r, w hich is closely sittled. 
 
 Bis; Plaiu t» Rnpid City. Iliiinrilosn and to Vovt i:iIi<-o. 
 
 nig Plain to Doggy Creek 8 
 
 Pioggy ('reek in Fingi'r lioard 9" 
 
 Finger I'oard to Rapid City 20 
 
 • " Minnedosa. 20 
 
 '• Hare's Crossing IS' 
 
 ♦Rapi ! Ctty to Shoal Lake 40 
 
 Minnedosa' '' ■ 38 
 
 Hare's Crossing " ••• ^^7 
 
 t^hoal Lake to Cirtle 25 
 
 •From Rapid City to Grand Valley and Drandon, where the Little Faskatehewan empties 
 into the Assiniboiae River, it is a distance of eijjhteeu miles, where there is a ferry across 
 the Assiniboiue. 
 See Note at foot of previous page. 
 
54 
 
 MACDOUUALL.S ILLUSTRATED OLIUK, 
 
 JiirUu to Fort EUicc 12 
 
 Total distance about oue hundred miles from Dig Plnin to Fort Ellico. 
 Papid City, Minnedosannd Hare's Crossinfj are on the Little Saskatciu'waii River. From 
 the Finger Board the trails brancli off— one to Rapid City and the other to Mintiedo^a, and 
 when about twelve miles from Minnedosa a trail branches olF to Hare's Crossing. Leaving 
 Rapid City for the West it is forty miles to Siioal Lake by tlie main trail, but a distanco, of 
 twelve miles can be saved by taking the 0. P. R. survey trail four miles from Rapid City and 
 joining the main trail again about a mile from Shoal Lal;e. At the Finger Jioard, the trHili 
 from Minnedosa and Hare's Crossing join the main trail, miles from Shoal Lake. The dis- 
 tances from the three points to Shoal Lake are about the same and are cfjually c;ood. From 
 Pine Creek those camping must carry wood until the Little Saskatchewan is reached, but 
 there are good stopping places along the trail, notably Dodd's place, about eighteen miles from 
 I'lne Creek, which IS a short distance olf the trail. At McKinnon's, near the boundary lim^ 
 betweeu Manitoba and the Xorth-West, you must buy "your last flask of the iicverage th:it 
 cheers." After leaving Shoal Lake at " Three-mile'Croek," another "C.P. R. survey trail ' 
 can be taken which i> nine miles shorter and is a good road to Uirtlo. 
 
 From Portage In Prnirle to SIlnnvdoNn, N.-W. T. 
 
 (Via North Trail.) mii.ks. 
 
 Portage la Prairie to Westbourne I'M 
 
 West bourne to Gladstone 22 
 
 Gladstone to .McKenzios or Ueautiful Plain ].: 
 
 Keautiful Plain to Miller's H 
 
 .Miller's to .Minnedosa 2H 
 
 Total yo 
 
 Portn;;o In Prnirlo to >Iilir<>ril. 
 
 Portage la Prairie, by Yellow Quill Trail, to Hamilton's Crossing on the Assiaiboine River 22 
 
 11am il ion's Crossing to Smart's 2!! 
 
 Smart's to .McLeod's, beyond crv-ssing of the Cvpress River 2.") 
 
 .McLeod's to Millford .". sn 
 
 The trail is very indistinctly marked between latter point.s 
 
 Fort Elftce to Fort Cnrlton niul Priuce Alborf. 
 
 (Saskatchewan Trail.) 
 
 Fort Ell ice to South Rank of the Qu'Appelle River 2 
 
 South Rank Qu'Appelle River to Qu'Appelle River 1^ 
 
 Qu'Appelle River to Top of North Rank 3 
 
 Top of North Bank to Sjiring (good water) .'fj 
 
 Spring to Second Spring (good water t 1 
 
 Second Spring to beginning Sandy Hill 7 
 
 Sandy HiU to 'rt'olverine Creek 2 J 
 
 Wolverine Creek to Green Lake 4 J 
 
 Green Lake to Big Cut Arm Creek 9 
 
 Big Cut Arm Creek to 102nd .Meridian TJ 
 
 lOlnd Meridian to Branch Pheasant CIreek 22 
 
 Branch Pheasant (Jreek to Pheasant ('reek 4 
 
 Pheasant Creek to Fort Pell v ami Qu'Appelle Trail 31 
 
 Fort Pflly Trail to Summit File Hill 2t» 
 
 File Hill to Toucliwood Hills Post 2.1 
 
 Touchwood Hills Post to Summit of Big Touchwood 1(> 
 
 Summit ot Big Touchwood to Police Camp 2.J 
 
 I'olice Camp to edgv Big Salt Plain ."^'i 
 
 Big Salt Plain to Alkaline Creek 11 " 
 
 (Water one mile from beginning Big Salt Plain, also at eight miles.) 
 
 Alkaline Creek to Two Hills Lake 15 
 
 Two Hills Lake to Beginning of Woods C, 
 
 Beginning of Woods to End of Woods 4 
 
 End of Woods to End Second Plain 1;') 
 
 End Second Plain to Forks of Trail , <> 
 
 Forks of Trail to Telegnqih Line 13 
 
 (Water at five an J eight miles from Forks of Trail ; n« wood.) 
 
 Telegraph Line to Great Salt Lake Itj 
 
 (At three miles from Telegraph Line water Vmt no woo(l, and at ei;;!)! miltfs, water 
 and wood.) 
 
 See Note at foot of previous page. 
 
 
 OreatSal 
 
 Top of Soi 
 
 (Th 
 
 From Sou 
 
 a 
 
 Fort Carlt 
 
 It 
 
 11 
 
12 
 
 Rivpr. From 
 nriL'Josa, ainl 
 
 a <listanco of 
 ipid City and 
 11(1, the ti-HiIi 
 id. The di.5- 
 giod. From 
 reached, but 
 Ml miles from 
 oiindarj' lino 
 overage thMt 
 Mirvcv trail ' 
 
 FOR .MVNITOB.V AND TOE NOUTII-WESX 55 
 
 C.rpat fait Lake to Top of South Saskatchewan Valley 8^ 
 
 Top of South Siiskatciicwati Valley to South Saskatchewan River S 
 
 (Three ndies east of the River there is wood and water.) 
 
 From South Saskatchewan River to Fort Carl ton 10 
 
 " •' Piiiire Albert Settlement ^f) 
 
 Kurt Carlton to Prince Albert Settlement 50 
 
 Total miles 38;i 
 
 Fort Carlton to Battleford 110 
 
 liattlefuid to Edmonton 300 
 
 :o: 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS NOTES AND DISTANCES IN THE 
 
 NORTH-WEST. 
 
 Mi;.KS. 
 
 '^'0 
 
 22 
 
 ):; 
 
 H 
 
 '>H 
 
 90 
 
 ne River 22 
 
 2:i 
 
 2.') 
 
 •_'(» 
 
 3 
 
 :',). 
 
 r 
 
 I 
 
 2* 
 
 IV 
 
 (1 
 
 •i 
 
 2J 
 
 4 
 
 31 
 
 2H 
 
 2."i 
 
 Hi 
 
 il 
 
 r.V 
 
 11" 
 
 15 
 
 r> 
 
 4 
 
 ir» 
 
 »; 
 
 13 
 
 IH 
 
 water 
 
 From Fort Fllic-e WosI iiiul »i<>n(li-WcHt. 
 
 uii.es. 
 i'ort EUice to Cypress L'lO 
 
 (!5y Old Wives' Lake, .Vorth Trail.) 
 
 (XoTE. — Carry wooil tor three or four day.-? from fourteen miles west of Q\rAp- 
 peile ; i)ad water.) 
 
 Cypress to Fort McLeod 20'» 
 
 (Three diflerenl trail.-?; enquire at Cypress.) 
 
 Qu'Apnelle to Wood Mountain ISO 
 
 (Scarcity of wood and water — si.vty miles acro.^s a plain.) 
 Wood Mountain to (-yiireas l.?0 
 
 (Wood or ImtV.ilo chips and water procurable ) 
 
 t Tonchwooil IlillN to IliitiiboltU. 
 
 Touchwood Ilill.-^ Post to edfre of plain 23.9 
 
 " '' Lalcft on plain 27.0 
 
 " " Luke hetwerm two hill-: 50.0 
 
 «' " Western e.Itje of Alk.ili I'lain 55.4 
 
 " " I'vramid Hill (W.7 
 
 " " Humboldt Telei,'rnph (Miioe 81.3 
 
 IlHinbol«U (o Carlton. 
 
 (Via Gabriel '.s Cros.-;iug ) 
 
 Humboldt to cro.ssiii!,' of Telep;raph line 13.3 
 
 " Lake in the Hills 20,8 
 
 <* Vermillion Lake fsalt) 27.7 
 
 '• (;ab^ie^^^ Cro^.^ing, .*oulh branch 56. fi 
 
 •• Slobart Sc Kdeu's Post, Duck Lake 68. !> 
 
 '« Fort Carlton 82,6 
 
 (Via Batoche's Cro.=.sing.) 
 
 numboldt to Kecspitanow Hill 8.t> 
 
 " Ravine and Lake 31 ,8 
 
 " New trail to Prince Albert turns off and La Cornc and Carlton trail 
 
 comes in 41.8 
 
 " Trail to Gariepy's Crossing turns otf 50,8 
 
 " Ratoche's Ferrv 63, « 
 
 «' Stobart* Fiieii's Post, Duck Lake 69.6 
 
 " FortCarllou ...83.3 
 
 Fort Cnrlton to Bnttlvfortl. 
 
 Fort Carlton to where the trail from Giibriel's Crossing to Battleford joins 19.2 
 
 " camping ground at Elbow 42.2 
 
 " -where trail to plains turns off 43.7 
 
 ' Sugar Bush Creek 49.8 
 
 " Running Creek 54.6 
 
 " Eagle Hill Creek 60.1 
 
 «• Small Creek— plain trail to Battleford turns off 60.3 
 
m 
 
 MACUOUGALL S ILLUSTHATEU aU'.UK 
 
 Fori Carlton to wLcro uiiddle trail to Cuttlol'onl turns off 60.4 
 
 "' Astronomical Station, Huttlelord 110 2 
 
 " Tek'grai)b Office, Batlleford UO.t>- 
 
 (Via the "plain" or "outer'' tiail ) 
 
 Fort Carlton to wbere trail leavea main l^iiitleford trail 60.;! 
 
 " where trail from tlie Klbow comes in 75.5 
 
 « summit of Eagle Hills 70 v> 
 
 •' Large Lake to the north of trail 86 :{ 
 
 '• t'vprcss IIil!3 and ButUcford trail 124.M 
 
 " Tilcgiaiph Ullice, Baitlctord r.i7 8 
 
 Uuuiboldt tu KatlUTuril. 
 
 (Via Gabriel's Crossing and the River Trail.) 
 
 lluinljuldt to Gabriel's Ferry .Vi.O 
 
 •' where Clnrllon and Battlcford trail joins H3 <> 
 
 •' where plain trail to Battlcford turns otl' 1?1.7 
 
 Battleford , 175..:: 
 
 JS?" Since above trails were measured another lius been laid out from Galjriel's Crossing 
 to a point about eight miles below the Elbow, whicli is at Ica.st two days' travel shorter than 
 the one given above to the Elbow. A branch runs into it from Uucii Lake making it equally 
 convenient to travellers crossing the South Saskatcliewa:! at liatociu^'j. 
 
 Battleford to FdinoiKoii. 
 
 BATTLEFORD To KOliT I'lTT. 
 
 Battleford to narrows of the Battle and Saskatchewan Rivers l.'i 
 
 " where trail leaves Telegrapli line M 8 
 
 " where trail to Edmonton goes otf oiI.:> 
 
 " Big Gully Creek 57.1 
 
 •' Quaking Bog <>7.ij 
 
 " Small Creek 78. « 
 
 " South side Saskatchewan River 92.5 
 
 " FortPitt 'J3.0 
 
 FORT l';rT TO VICTORIA. 
 
 17. :{ 
 
 Tchere Lac la Bicbe trail turns off 47.3 
 
 Dog Rump Creek (i4.C) 
 
 Saddle Lake Creek 1)4.0 
 
 Sandy Creek — Lac la Biche trail iuriis off. 114.4 
 
 Mill Creek or Smoking f-akc Uiwk 12C.5 
 
 \ictoria 129.8 
 
 VlUrolilA TO K1(.M0.NT0.\. 
 
 Victoria to Stony Creek 1G.8 
 
 ■' Sucker Creek 22. () 
 
 " Vermillion Creek 36 8 
 
 •' Sturgeon River ."".O.O 
 
 " Fort Saskatchewan 57.0 
 
 " Fort Edmonto.'i 74. :J 
 
 F«»rt IMit (o Lac lu Blche. 
 
 Fort I'itt to wliere Luc la IJiche truil leaves Victoria trail 47.3 
 
 " The Two .Muakegs OCT 
 
 '' East Branch of Uog Rump Creek 72.0 
 
 Pheasant Creek 82.0 
 
 Beaver River , 10L!> 
 
 Birch Luke 115.3 
 
 Trail from Victoria comes in 12L'.i 
 
 Duck Lake Ci-cek 123.a 
 
 Hay Creek 13L8 
 
 Lit"tle Beaver River (trail branches 1 ere to left to R. C. Mission 136.0 
 
 Hudson's Bay Post, Lac la Bichc 140.0 
 
 Victorin to T<nc la Blctae. 
 
 Victoria to Sandy Creek, where trail leaves Victoria and Pitt trail 15.4 
 
 " Stony Creek 23.3 
 
 " Come into Saddle Lake trail 30.8 
 
 Fort Pill to Two Big Hills 
 
 (( 
 it 
 II 
 II 
 11 
 
 II 
 II 
 i< 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 II 
 It 
 
 Goodlish Lake SelUement. 
 
 43.2 
 
 t f, 
 
 Victoria to 
 
 
 FoitPitl to 
 
 Foil a la C 
 
 Mourc'.s Mi 
 
 Fort KUic 
 l.\jrt Qu'A 
 hswan Rive 
 Touchwoo 
 Humboldt 
 Fort Carlt 
 l.attleford 
 Fort Pitt, 
 
 Vlctorifi, 
 Edmonloi 
 So!indin{< 
 Luc la Bi 
 
 Fot .'Viae 
 
 Fort Cd 
 
J5.4 
 
 HO. 8 
 
 i-X2 
 
 eo.-t 
 
 110 2 
 
 ILO.'^ 
 
 60..! 
 
 Tj.5 
 
 7G'J 
 
 86 ,{ 
 
 124.« 
 
 vn.H 
 
 r.(J.C 
 
 h3({ 
 
 ]'.'1.7 
 
 ; i75.;;. 
 
 3 Crossing' 
 
 liorter tlian 
 
 fe' it oqiially 
 
 •12 
 
 I'l.S 
 
 57.1 
 <)7.(j 
 78.8 
 93.5 
 
 'J3.(> 
 
 I7.:j 
 
 47.3 
 
 (U.O 
 
 •J4.y 
 
 U4.4 
 
 12G.,'i 
 
 l'.'9.8 
 
 1C.8 
 22.0 
 36 8 
 
 r.o.o 
 
 57.0 
 
 74.3 
 
 47.3 
 60. 7 
 72.0 
 82.0 
 101.!) 
 115.3 
 121.i{ 
 123.2 
 131.8 
 136.0 
 140.0 
 
 i 
 
 FcK M.\NIT< Il.\ AM) TIIK N"RTII-WKST. r,- 
 
 Victoria to Whittlish Lake Cift-k 47.5 
 
 " ■' " Mission 52.7 
 
 " Heginninpof tblck biisL 65. G 
 
 " iicavtT River, anil cud of bn>:h 00.4 
 
 Little Ueavcr Uiver 60.1 
 
 .' 67.& 
 
 87.3 
 
 Coiiie to Pitt Hiid Liic !a UicI 
 11. H. Co.'s i'ost, Lac la), iiu. 
 
 Fort Piit tc» .fOiiiMl.i)^ I.iilio. 
 
 Foit Pitt to south Biile of river , ,.. 0,5 
 
 " (•Idtrnil to Edmouloa tiirn.'i clF l.t> 
 
 " I'.ig Gully Cicik 17.8 
 
 " (.'loss Tt'legraiili Hue 32.2 
 
 " Top ofllill ol'iialtle Uivcr Valloy 55.6 
 
 " Kattle River 55.2 
 
 M'l'st eud of a large alkaliuu lake. 
 Souudiuir Lake 
 
 Fort » Ii» <'<)rii« to I'riiicc Alliert. 
 
 Fort ii la Come to Panri.Tn ('rtek 
 
 '' Forkrf of Siislcatcliewfin lliver 
 
 •♦ Moore's Mill, i'riuce Albert 
 
 l*rinc(> AUtert to t'lirUoii. 
 
 Moore's Mill to norlh hrarnii Heaver Creek 
 
 Trail tork- to t^'.. Luureul tsctlleuieut 
 
 " llailwav llouyf 
 
 Fort Ellice, 
 
 .Nortlieni ed,t,'i; ol I'iueti 
 
 Southern 
 
 I'urt Cailloti 
 
 U'iiiiilttf;: (,i Dimxiit i'ltiiXM by 0!<l liuiinn TraiN, 
 
 RKCAriTULATIOV. 
 
 69.4 
 
 130.0 
 
 3. r> 
 
 10. i> 
 
 ^.1.5 
 
 19.4 
 
 21.8 
 
 22.3 
 
 2J.3 
 
 32.2 
 
 49.0 
 
 2J0 
 
 Furt Qu'Appelie 337 
 
 Hwan Kiver Harracks, vt.i Fort Liliee 338 
 
 Touehwood Hills 37 J 
 
 Humboldt 452 
 
 Fort Carlton 36.'> 
 
 llattleford, via (iabriel's 62.'> 
 
 Fort Fitt, via Battlefoid 721 
 
 " 70t> 
 
 83C> 
 
 8H.^ 
 
 758 
 
 850 
 
 via Carltou. 
 
 Victoria, via Carlton and I'itt 
 
 Kdiuouton, via liaitlclurd and Kurt Saskatthew;iu 
 
 Sdiiudiuf; F>ake, tv/ I'atileford 
 
 Liie la iiiclie, viu Fort i'ilt 
 
 Fditioiiloii (<» Fort ^I:i<'I<>4M|. 
 
 i-.iur \!\ci.i:oi) TO Four c-iLnAuv. 
 
 Fot -Madeod to Willow Crec 
 " The Leuvin: 
 
 " Mo-^ciuito Cr* 
 
 " Hij.'h River.. 
 
 " Sheep Creek 
 
 Fine Creek.. 
 
 Fish Creek.. 
 
 Foit Caigur,i 
 
 • ( 
 
 2.5 
 
 28.5 
 51 
 6t> 
 7t> 
 94 
 94 
 102 
 
 FOIIT CAI.f;.\i;Y TO KDMONTclV. 
 
 Fort Ciilgarv to The One Pino (ed;^e of plain), (aiipro.^imate) 63.0 
 
 '• ' Red Ueer Hivcr '. 93.0 
 
 Hlind Man River 100.5 
 
 Forks Roeky Mountain House trail 115.5 
 
 Wolf Creek 120.0 
 
 Battle River 125.(> 
 
 Rig Stone Creek (Indian Farm) 155.0 
 
 I'ipestone Creek 158.0 
 
 Whitemud River 187.5. 
 
 Fort Kdmnntou 194 
 
 14 
 i( 
 II 
 II 
 11 
 ti 
 
DOMINION LANDS REGULATIONS. 
 
 I I 
 
 
 The followintj Regulations fur tlie sale and settlcmont of Dominion Lands in tlio 
 Province of Manitoba and the North- W^ost Territories sluiU, on and after the first day of 
 January, 1882, be substituted for the Uej^'uhitions now in force, bearing date the tweuty-iilih 
 day of May last : — 
 
 1. The surveyed lands in Mnnitoha and the North-West Territories shall, for the purposes 
 of these Regulations, be classified as follows : 
 
 Cx-Asa A. — Lands within twenty-four miles of tlie main line or any branch line of tlici 
 
 Canadian Pacific Railway, on either sid^ thereof. 
 Class B.— Lands within twelve miles, on cither side, of any pKiji'cted line of railway 
 
 (other than the Canadian Pacific Railway), approved by Order in Council puhlislicd 
 
 in the Canaia Gaz-tte. 
 Class C. — Lands south of the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway not included in 
 
 Class A or H. 
 Class D. — Lands other than those in Classes A, B, and C. 
 
 2. The even-numbered sections in all the foregoing clas-ies nre to be held exclusively for 
 homesteads and pre-emptions: 
 
 n. Except in Class D, where they may be affected Iiy colonization agreements as herein- 
 after provided. 
 
 b. Except where it may bo necessary out of tliem to provide wood lots for settlers. 
 
 e. Except in cases where tlio Minister of tlie Interior, under provisions of the Dominion 
 Lands Acts, may deem it expedient to witlnlraw certain lamls, and sell them at 
 public auction or otherwise deal willi tlicm as the Covernor-iii-Council may direct. 
 
 3. The odd-numbered sections in Class A are reserved for tliu Canadian Pacific Railway 
 Company. 
 
 4. The odd-numbered sections in Classes B and C shall be for s;ilc at §^.50 per acre, 
 payable at the time of sale ; 
 
 a. Except where they have been or may be dealt with otherwise liy the Governor-i;.- 
 
 Council. 
 
 5. The odd-numbered sections in Glass D shall be for sale at f2 jxt acre, iiaynblc ut. 
 time of sale: 
 
 n. Except where they Lave been or may be dealt with otherwise by tho Governor-in- 
 Council. 
 
 b. Except lands afTected by colonization agreements, as hereinafter provided. 
 
 6. Persons who, subsequent to survey, but before tho issue of tho ()rdcr-in-Council of 
 9th October, 1879, excluding odd-numbered sections from homestead entry, took possession 
 of land in odd-numbered sections bv residing on and cultivating the siune, shall, if continu- 
 ing so to occupy them, be i)ermitted to obtain homestead and pre-emption entries as if they 
 were on even-numbered sections. 
 
 \ 
 
 7. The 
 For Ian 
 For Ian 
 Poymei 
 sue 
 obi 
 
 a. Agr( 
 narty) to cc 
 
 M. The 
 the 
 
 b. The 
 
 9. The I 
 payable, on 
 eipial annul 
 raent five cc 
 in four equti 
 interest at t 
 
 ». The 
 
 b. Sucl 
 
 nui 
 
 V. Th2 
 
 the 
 in 1 
 The 
 the 
 
 Pft3 
 dat 
 for 
 Whe 
 he 
 el a 
 
 •I 
 
 10. In 
 aub-sec.tion 
 the origina' 
 
 tt. Dur 
 
 of 
 cli 
 of 
 en 
 du 
 su 
 
 b. On 
 se 
 th 
 ai 
 w 
 m 
 a( 
 re 
 b 
 b( 
 h 
 
 c. If I 
 ft 
 tl 
 c 
 
 <l. Tc 
 t 
 
m. 
 
 iruls in the 
 
 first dav of 
 
 tweuty-iiith 
 
 lie purposes 
 line of tlin 
 
 of railway 
 
 il puUIishiMl 
 
 inchidod in 
 
 lusively for 
 
 3 as herein 
 
 Icrs. 
 
 ' Dominion 
 1 tliom Ht 
 ay direct. 
 
 ic Railway 
 
 I per acre, 
 ivernor-;;i- 
 
 layable nl 
 vcrnor-in- 
 
 louncil of 
 Jossessioti 
 f continii- 
 as if they 
 
 OOMi.VioM LANDS UEiiUI.A TIONd 
 
 rnE-EMPTION-9. 
 
 69 
 
 at 
 
 < 
 
 n. 
 b. 
 
 7. The prices for prc-emnlion lota shall lie as follows : 
 For lands in Classes A, li, and 0, ij-'i-SO per acre. 
 For lands in Class I), I52 OT per aero. 
 Payment shall be maile in one sum at the end of three years from the date of entry, o 
 
 snch earlier date a;i a settler may, under the provisions of the Dominion Lands Acts, 
 obtain a patent for the homestead to whicli 3U';!i preH>mpiion lot belongs. 
 
 COLOXIZATIOS. 
 
 Plan Number Ont. 
 
 8. Agreements may be entered into with any company or person (hereinafter called tlio 
 party) to colonixe and settle tracts of land on the following conditions: 
 
 H. The party applying must satisfy the Government of its gooa faith and ability to fulQl 
 
 the stipulations contained in these regulations. 
 I». The tract of land granted to any party shall be in Class D. 
 
 9. The odd-nnrabered sections within sucli tract may ho sold to tlio party at $2 per acre 
 payable, one (ifth in cash at the time of entering into t!ia contra';t, ami the balance in four 
 fi|ual annual instalments from and after that time. The party sliall also pay to the Govern- 
 ment five cents per acre for the surrey of the lind purchased by it, the same to be payable 
 in four equal annual instalments at the same time as the instalments of the purchase monev. 
 interest at the rate of six percent, per annum sliall bo charged on all past duo iuslalraents. 
 
 The party shall, within five years from the date of the contract, colonize its tract. 
 Such colonixation shall consist in placing two settlers on homesteads on each even- 
 numbered section, and also two settlers on each odd-numbered section. 
 
 *•. Tho party miy be secured for a'lvance^ made to settlers on homesteads according to 
 the provisions of the 10th section of the Act 41 Victoria, Chap. 10. (The Act passed 
 in 1881 to amend the Dominion Lands Acts.) 
 
 •I. The homesteads of 160 acres shall be the projierty of the settlor, and he shall havn 
 the right to purchase the pre-emption lot belonging to his homestead at §2 per acre, 
 payable in one sum at the end of three years from the date of entry, or at such earlier 
 dale as he may, under the provisions of the Dominion Lands Acts, obtain a patent 
 for his homestead. 
 
 e. When the settler on a homestead does not make entry for the pre-emption lot to which 
 he has a right, the party may within throe months after the settler's right has 
 elapsed purchase the same at $2 per acre, payable in cash at the time of purchase. 
 
 10. In consideration of having colonized its tract of land in the manner set forth in 
 anb-scction b of the last preceding clause, the party shall he allowed a rebate of one-half of 
 the original purchase money of the odd-numbered sections in its tract. 
 
 n. During each of the five years covered bj- the contract an enumeration shall be made 
 of the settlers plac>;d by the party in its tract, in accordance with sub-section l> of 
 clause 9 of these regulations, and for each bona liie settler so found therein a rebate 
 of one hundred and twenty dollars shall be credited to the party; but the suras so 
 credited shall not, in the agcrregate, at any time exceed one hundred and twenty 
 dollars for each bona file settler found witliin the tract, in accordance with the said 
 sub-sectiim, nt the time ot the latest enumeration. 
 
 l>. On the expiration of the five years an enumeration shall be made of the lona fil". 
 settlors on the tract, and if they are found to be as many in number and placed in 
 the inanuar stipulated for in sub-section b of clause 9 of these ••egiilations, a further 
 and filial rebate of forty dollars per settler shfvll be credited to tiie party, which sum, 
 when added to those previously credited, will amount to one-half of die purchase 
 money of the odd-numbered seetiotis and reduce the price thereof to one dollar per 
 acre. But if it should be found that the full number of settlers required by these 
 regulations are not on the tract, or are not placed in conformity with sub-.scction 
 b of clause 9 of these regulations, then, for each settler fewer than the required num- 
 ber, or not placed in conformity with the said sub-section, the party shall foifeit one 
 hundred and sixty dollars of rebate. 
 
 c. If at any time during the cci.stence of the contract the party shall have failed to per- 
 form any of the conditions th'ri'of, the (}jvornoi--in-Oouncil m.vy cri-el the sale of 
 the lanil purchased by it aud deal with the party as may seem rao.n under the 
 circumstances. 
 
 «l. To be entitled to rebate the party shall furnish to the Min'ster of the Interior evidence 
 that will satisfy him that the tract has been coloiiizoJ and settled iu accordanca 
 Willi sub-section b of ciau-e 9 of these regulations. 
 
CO 
 
 IKIMINION LANDS RK(ll!I,.\Tln.NS. 
 
 I'lan Num'^er Two. 
 
 
 11, To encournce seUlenn'iit liy caiiitnlists n!io may iK-sire to (.'ullivntt? lai'jjiT faitns than 
 can be purchased wliert' ilie lOKiilalioiid i)i-ovcii. iU;it iWo Sftlk-ra uiiall In- iilactil on each 
 section agreements may be entered into wilb any eotiip'iiiy or person '.hereiualier ealln] 
 the partv)'to colonize and settle t:acl3 ot'luud ou llie loUowiii;.; (.ouditiona ; 
 
 n. The pnrty apjilying m"'?t satisfV the Governmeni, of its good faith and ahllit^f tu fiiUil 
 
 the 3tii>uIaiions contaMu.l in tnesu regulations. 
 The tract of land granted to any party shall he in Class D. 
 All the land within the tract may Lo sold to the party at two dollars pi-racre, iiayal,\) 
 
 in cash at the time of entering into the contract. The party shall, at the same tinif, 
 
 imy to the Government live cents pi.-r acre for the survey of the land purchased by it. 
 cl. llie party shall, within five years from the date of the contract, colonize the towusiiip 
 
 or townships comprised within its tract, 
 e. Such coloD'zation shall CO isist in placing one hundred and twenty-eight bona fair 
 
 settlers within each township. 
 
 12. In consideration of having colonized its tract of land in the manner set forth in s\!' - 
 section e of the last preceding clause, the party shall be allowed u rebate of one-half of l-iC 
 original purchase money of its tract. 
 
 a. During each of the five years covered by the contract an entiracration shall be made 
 jf the 8ettler.s placed by the parly in lis tract, in accordance with sub-section e of 
 clause 11 of these regulations, and for each bona fide settler so found therein a rebate 
 of one hundred and twenty dollars shall be repaid to the party ; but the sums so 
 repaid shall not, in the aggregate, at any time exceed one hundred and twenty 
 dollars for each bonnjile settler found within the tract, io accordance with the said 
 sub-section, at the lime of the latest enumeration. 
 
 b On the expiration of the five years an enumeration shall bo made of the bona fide 
 settlers placed by the party in. its tract, and if they .'.re found to be as many in 
 number and placed in the manner stipulated for in sub-section « of clause 11 of 
 these regulations, a furthe.r and final rebate of forty dollars jier settler shall bo 
 repaid, which sum, when added to those previously repaid to the party, will amount 
 to one-half n of llie purchase money of its tract and reduce the [)rice thereof to oiu; 
 dollar per acre. Hut if it should be found that the toll number of settlers retpiired by 
 these regulations are not on the tract, or are not jjlaced in conformity with the said 
 sub-section, then, for each settler fewer than the re<piired number or not settled in 
 conformity with the said sub-section, the party shall forfeit cue hundred and sixty 
 dollars of rebate. 
 
 *. To be entitled to rebate, the party shall furnish to the Minister of the Interior evidence 
 that will satisfy him that the tract has been colonized and settled in accordance 
 with sub-scctiou e of clause 11 of these regulations. 
 
 k 
 
 b. Ii> sup 
 andf 
 phall 
 
 (ieni 
 
 the ' 
 
 «•. The 11 
 
 bv l| 
 
 t.l'ie 
 shall 
 4l. AfteiT 
 purJ 
 perl 
 «.. Failul 
 thcrl 
 
 17. Whei 
 invited, audi 
 addition to | 
 
 18. Pay 
 
 19. The 
 mineral lane 
 Boctiona 1 1 i 
 belong' to th 
 
 DErAHTMKNl 
 
 OFFICIAL XOTICB 
 
 13. The Government shall give notice in the Cnnaii Gazftie of all a;;reements entered 
 into for the colonization and settlement of tracts of land under the forej^'oiiig {)lans in order 
 that the public may respect the rights of the purchasers. 
 
 TIMBER FOU SETTLEKS. 
 
 14. The Miuister of the Interior may direct the reservation of any odd or even-numbered 
 section having timber upon it, to provide wood for homestead settlers on sections without 
 It ; and each such settler may, where the opportunity for so doing e.xisls, purchase a wood 
 lot, not exceeding '20 acres, at the price of l^a per acre in cash. 
 
 15. The Minister of the Interior may grant, under the provisions of the Dominion Laud 
 Acts, licenses to cut timber on lands within surveyed townsliips. The lands covered b 
 such licenses art thereby withdrawn from homestead and prc-eii;ption entry and from sale. 
 
 PASTCRAGK LANDS. 
 
 16. Under the authority of the Act 44 Victoria, Chap. 16, leases of tract* for grazing 
 purposes may be granted on the following conditions : 
 
 a. Such leases to be for a period of not exceeding twenty-one years, and no single lease 
 shall cover a greater area than 100,000 acres. 
 
'T fill 1118 tlmn 
 iic'C'l on ciicli 
 inatter callnj 
 
 bilit^ to fuKll 
 
 «cie, payalile 
 11" same linn', 
 •i-'husi'd bv it, 
 the townslii)) 
 
 :!it bona fair 
 
 forth in si:''- 
 e-half ol' Uv 
 
 mil he made 
 )-section e of 
 rein a rebate 
 the sums so 
 and twenty 
 -ith tlic said 
 
 bona fide 
 19 many in 
 
 lauso 11 of 
 ler shall bo 
 will amount 
 !reol' to ono 
 
 reqnired liy 
 'ith the Kaiil 
 t settled in 
 
 1 and sixty 
 
 ior evii?enc» 
 atcordaiico 
 
 Its entered 
 iU3 ia Older 
 
 -nimiberi'd 
 as without 
 ise a wood 
 
 l>uV.IMi)N I.ANlfS KKdlJLATMNS. 
 
 (51 
 
 li, 111 surveyed territory, the land enilirni'fd \>y the lease shall be de:«crilK'd in townships 
 and sections. In unsuiveyed territory, tiie party to whom a lease may be proniiaeil 
 phall, before the \3mo of the Ica^e, cause a survey of the tract to be ninile, nl his own 
 «'xpen?e, by a Dominion Land'i Surveyor, under inslructiona from the Surveyor- 
 (ieneral ; and the jilan and field notei ot such survey bliall bo depoiited on recunl in 
 llie Department of th(! Iiiti'rior. 
 
 <•• The lessee shall pay an annual rental at the rate of f 10 for every 1,000 acre.^ rinbracfd 
 by his lea-e, and shiill, within three ycav-i from the granting of the lea-e. ]ilare on 
 tl'ic tract one head of cuttle for every ten acres of land embraced by the !ea:<', and 
 shall durin;; its trum muintain cattle thereon in at least that pro])ortion. 
 
 (I. After placing tlie jirescrilied nunilier of cattle upon tbe tract lea-eil, the lessee may 
 „.... u,.o» 1 ...1 ,..;ii.;,, i.ij i..o^,.i,.,i.i (..,. n iionie farm and corral, [xiying therefor 5i2-ft*-' 
 
 nil subject thu lessee to forfeiture 
 
 for 
 
 purch'^"" li.ud within his leaseholi 
 per acre in cash. 
 Failure to fullil any of tin- cuniliiious of his base 
 thereof 
 
 J 17. When two or more partle,^ n\^V\y for a 'j^ra/inR lease of the same land, tenders shall be 
 
 M invited, and tlie leise shall Ite ^jrantel io the Tuiity olferin^^ the highest premium therefor in 
 T addition to the rMital. The said iiri'iuluiM t > b,' paid befort=: the i.ssue of the lease. 
 
 »;i:M:iiAi, iMiovii'ioNS. 
 
 18. raymeuts fur land may be in cash, scriii, or Police or Military Bounty Warrants. 
 
 19. These regulations shall not apply to lands valuable for town plots, or to coal or oilier 
 mineral lands, or to stone or marble (juiirries, or to lands having water ])ower thereon ; or to 
 sections 11 ami 20 in each Township, whifh are School Lands, or ricv-tions 8 and 27, whicii 
 belonfr to I'll-' Hudson's ISay Company. 
 
 V>y order, 
 
 LINDSAY RUSSELL, 
 
 Surveyor-General. 
 
 DlSl'lIlT-MKNT OK TIIK I .ST til! !• lil, 
 
 Ottawa, 2.ird December, 
 
 1881. 
 
 lion Laud 
 overcd b 
 >m sale. 
 
 r grazing 
 igle lease 
 
THE 
 
 llU^l^ 
 
 mm 
 
 With ihc view ofaffordimr CORRECT mid RE LI A BLE 
 
 mwmm to iiitekdiiig seitleas 
 
 And of giving them every facility in obtaining it, 
 
 HAVE 0P3NED COMMODIOUS OFFICES 
 
 — AT — 
 
 lu, Water Street, Liverpool, 
 
 CANADi 
 
 United Kiii| 
 Canmla mal 
 thcnc. Thl 
 liC'fbro ho cj 
 clcctiotiB, a) 
 Bccn by th( 
 to become :) 
 
 Where Statutes, Government Beturns, Sessional Papors, 
 
 Kepoits on Trade, Maps, Specimens of Grain 
 
 and other Products, Samples of Soils, 
 
 v\n'J, ill f;iot, all conoeivaHo matters of interest to visitors to the Doniitiiuii, 
 ulielhtM- wilh a view to permanent settlement or not, may bo cot'siiltcl and 
 ins])CC'tcil. 'J'lio Government AijjoMt of the Dominion will ..Iso be ready to 
 give advice and assistance. 
 
 It is ospocialiy rcquesto.l that it bo borne in mind Ihut tho iJominion 
 (Mlicials have no mtercist in directing attention to any particular 
 district; and l''Ci chief desiro which vill influence all tho Agents of the 
 Dominion Governmant, -whether in this country or in Canada, is simply to 
 direct intending Settlers to places where, according to their circumstanco!?, 
 tlioy will have the bestpro>])OCts of success. 
 
 As passengers to Canada or other parts of Americti have always a few 
 hours to s])ai'o in Liverpool, a visit to tho Offices of tho Dominion Govern- 
 ment, as above, is respectfully snggostod. A largo and well-appointed 
 Reading-room, with files of tho loading Canadian Journals, is at their disposal. 
 The Liverpool Agent will also be happy, when desired, to give letters of 
 introduction to his co-agents and others throughout Canada, which will bo 
 found of substantial ecrvico on arrival there. 
 
 N. B-The REPORTS of the TENANT FARMERS who 
 visited Canada in 1879, and other Pamphlets on the Dom- 
 inion, SENT f'RBE upon application to J. DYKE, Canadian 
 Government Agent, Liverpool. 
 
 [•nriiN OVER,] 
 
 I, John 
 
 come a citiz 
 and fidelity 
 whatever, ai 
 Britain and 
 
 Sworn in oj 
 thii^ .. 
 
 I, JoflN { 
 
 the Unitei 
 
 abjure all J 
 Sovereignt 
 Kingdom q 
 
S^FQTS 
 
 f 
 
 CANADA, bciiiij a p="'^ ^^ ^^"^ British Empire, tlio omlgranl from tho 
 UnitcJ Kingdom to any of tlio rrovincoH or Territories of tho Dominion of 
 Canada makes NO CHANGE IN HIS NATIONALITY or allegiance bysottlin- 
 
 there. The emigrant to the United Stales, Mcr^T, on tho other han i, 
 
 before ho can take up a free grant of land, or jto^se^.s tho right to vote at 
 
 elections, abjure his own country absolutely and entirely, as will bo 
 
 Bcen by tho following OATHS, ^vhich each emigrant J/ f/ST take in order 
 
 to become u citi/.on of tho Uniied States '— 
 
 Ihclitral'on of Ju'enti'Mi. 
 
 J, John S.MiTii, do decdaro on oath, that it i^ bona fide my intention to b .■- 
 conio a citizen of tho United States, and to iviioiince forever all allegiance 
 and fidelity to all and every foi'oign Prince, Potentate, State, and Sovereignty 
 \ whatever, and partlcularbj to V'rfor'd, Queen of the Unite I Kin'jJom of (,'reat 
 Britain awl Irclan'I. 
 
 Sworn in open Court, 
 
 lliiiti. 
 
 Sbptimus Jonks, ClcrL 
 
 Oath at tl(C Time of Addmisaion to CitizensMp. 
 
 I, John Saiitu, do »olemaly ewear that I will support the Constitutiou of 
 the United StateS) and that I do absolutely and entirely renounce and 
 abjure all allegiance and fidility to every foreign Prince, Potentate, State, or 
 Sovereignty whatever; and particularly to Victoria, Queen of the United 
 Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, of whom I was formerly a subject. 
 
 John Smith . 
 
 M 
 

 
 
 OTT^V;^^. 
 
 ^mm i^jkZ..^.G'Si xxo'ssi* o:^ q^^jgrAx^ji. 
 
 Man 
 
 A^'D THE POPULAR RESORT OF TRH'ELLERS 
 
 T > A VI) KIMiM 
 
 ITOBA AND THE 
 
 \ orth-Wp:st. 
 
 THIS MAGNIFICENT NEW HOTEL 
 
 IS FITTED U? n THE WOST fllOOERN STYLE. 
 
 fpHE RUSSELL contains ac(>ominn laiion \ov over l' >l U lirXDIJED (il'ESTS, 
 I is f'urnislied with r;i.--.-f'!)j:or find P,nL',i:ai:o Elovators, iind coniiuand-i a pplendid 
 view of tho Cnv, l\AU(,i.vMKMAiiV ( iii'UMis, |;i\'ki; and Canai.. 
 
 Visitors to tlio ('upiiii! liavin.ir im.-iiH'ss witii tin' < l.)v«'nimi'iit llnd il most con- 
 venient to ptop at tli« in'SSEr,!,. wiii'i'o tli'-.v r;m tdways moot li'adinj^ public men. 
 Tlie entire Hotel is snpplifd vvitli csoaiif^s, and in case of fjio tli'^re would not bo 
 any confusion or danger Every altentiot! paid to ,ane=ts. 
 
 J. A. COUIN, 
 
 Proprietor. 
 
 (^ 
 
 
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 W 
 
 Canadian Pacific Railway Co. 
 
 ■ ■ ^ 
 
 THE CANDAIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY offer Lands In the FERTILK BELT 
 ■*• of Manitoba and tho North-West Territory for siilo on certain conditions as to 
 cultivation, at 
 
 T $2.50 per Acre, 
 
 Payment to be made one sixth at time of purchase, and the balance in five annual 
 instalments, with Interest ut eilx per cent. 
 
 '- ^ A Rebate of $1.25 per Acre 
 
 Allowed for cultivation, as described in the Company's Land Regulations. 
 
 of the Company, which can be procured at all tho Agencies of the Bank of Montreal, ana 
 other banking Institutions throughout the country, will be 1<KCEIV1<JI) A'i' TKN PKK CENT. 
 PREMIU-M on their pur value, with interest accru"(l,on account of niul in payment of the 
 purchase money, thus further reducing the price of the land to tlio purcliasor. 
 
 ' Special -Arrangements made with Kmlgratiou and Land Compaiiies.' 
 
 For Copies of the Land Kegulatlons and otlier particulars apply to tho Company's Land 
 Oommlseioner, JOHN MiTAVlsH, \\ inmpeg ; or to the unUor.>lgin.d. 
 
 By order of tho Board, 
 
 CHARLES DKI?iKWATEK, Heeretary. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Thls('< 
 as well as ii 
 ships lliey li 
 and can olle 
 
 Steami 
 
 air Hugh 
 Hugh ..Id/ 
 H. & A. .Mil 
 (Jcorgc A. 
 Arthur W. 
 
 For fu 
 OEORQK n 
 
 111 
 
 HUDSON BAY COMPANY. 
 
 aimi 
 
 -i3sr- 
 
 .7 .^ 
 
 v.. 
 
 h ^, MANITOBA AND THE NORTH-WEST. 
 
 The 
 
 Hudson's Bay Co. owns 7,00(1,(100 acres in llic Gk at Ft-itilo BolL, and now olFer 
 for sale 500,000 acres already surveyed by the (iovcrnment of Canada. 
 
 TOWi¥ LOTS AIi80 FOR l^^JALE 
 
 In Winnipeg, West Lynne, Hat Portage, Portage la Trairle, Colvlllc, Elphlnstonc, 
 
 Prince Albert and Edmonton. 
 
 :o:- 
 
 The above will bo disiJO.sed of at Reasonable Prices, and on Easy Terms 
 
 of Payment. 
 
 Full information in regard to those Lands will be given at the OHices of tho 
 Company in Winnipeg and Montreal. 
 
 C. J. BRYDCES, 
 
 Land Commissioner, 
 
 Have 
 Paradise ol] 
 
 No Set 
 
 Thu a 
 Cnuadlau 1 
 
 For fu 
 
 Ml 
 
 Hon. C. V. 
 
 Mont re 
 Esq. 
 
 Tills 
 Boourily o 
 
 Adva 
 
 OF 
 
 ^tOSS, KI 
 
Co. 
 
 LB BELT 
 
 tlons as to 
 
 Ivo annual 
 
 ous. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ntreal, ana 
 KK CENT, 
 lent of the 
 
 ny's Land 
 
 ^- / 
 
 low olTo.v 
 %. 
 
 iristonc, 
 
 / Terms 
 3 of tlio 
 
 't 
 •slonor. 
 
 QTJ' A P PELL E 
 
 •miml 
 
 This Company, havlnir seoured a largo tract of the best of laud In the Qu'Appelle District 
 as well UN belli!,' iippolnt ci M^'fiils nf tlii' (iovTmiiont for thn froe grant lands In the town- 
 ships ihcy Iiave si cuioil, ihoy are In a position to deal most liberally with intending settlers, 
 and can offer ilieiii indnfcnipnis that cannot fall to b'Mjf threat advantage to them. 
 
 .Steamers run to within a few miles of part ol the land. 
 
 air Hufih Allan, of Messrs. H. & A. Allan, Montreal, of Allan Steamship Une.Presldent 
 Hush .ich-nnaii, rre.sideiil of Mont real Transportation (Jompany. Andrew Allan, of .Messrs 
 H. & A. .Allan, Montreal, of Allan Steainwhlp Line Hon. Thomas Ryan, Senator, Montreal 
 Cicorge A. iJrummond, President of the Canada Sugar Refining Co. (Limited) Montreal 
 
 Arthur \V. Hoss, M. P. P., Winnipeg, Vice-President 
 For furtho'- particulars :i])ply to 
 
 Andrew T. Drummond, Montreal 
 
 OEORQR B. FI^tHKH, 
 
 J/ocal Agent. 
 
 DRUMMOXn BROTHERS & CO., 
 
 Main Street, Winnipeg. 
 
 QTJ'APFEImImE 
 
 HOMES FBR Al^b m QU^APPEbLL 
 
 TIIK ONTARIO AM) Ql'APPELLE LAND (0., (LIMITED). 
 
 Have for sale, and now oiler to the public 275,000 ACRES of t-be Choicest Lands in the 
 Paradise of the West, and will sell on favorable terms and easy payments. 
 
 No Settlement Duties Required and no Restrictions. 
 
 Th<j above lands are situated In the fertile district of the Qu'Appelle River. The 
 Canadian Pacific Railway Is now biillt right through the centre, making every section 
 
 EA.SY OF ACCESS TO THE SETTLER. 
 
 ^^SB" NOTE THE TER.MS-One-Ilfth cash ; balance In five annual instalments. ^ '■.■ 
 
 For further particulars api)ly to the Manager. 
 
 A. 3IYK.KS, 
 
 Fort Qu'Appelle. 
 
 MOETQAQfE AND INYESTMHNT CO., 
 
 (LiMiT»:r>.) 
 
 IAHJAIj advisory B<)ART>. 
 
 #t. 
 
 Hon. C. p. Brown, M. P. P., Minister of Public Works. C. Sweeney, Esq., Manager Bank of 
 Montreal, Wiiinijieg. A. b'. Kden. Esq., of Messrs. Stobart, Eden & Co. A. W. Ross, 
 Esij,, M. P. I', ft. If. Hunter, Es'i. Manager Imperial lianlf of Canada, Winnipeg. 
 W. llespoler, Es<i , Gorman ('onsul, Winnipeg. 
 
 This Company has been formed expressly for the purpose of lending money on the. 
 soourlly of Ki'.ai, Estate In Manitoba. 
 
 Advances made on the security of farm and city proper! -.tthe lowest current rates 
 
 OFFICES-11 NOTRE DAME STREET EAST, UP-STAIRS. )|: ' 
 
 ROSS, KILLAM & HAGOART, 
 
 iSolir.itor.i, 
 
 Manager, 
 
unm'mx^nm si:^ziaTOsiT. 
 
 REPRESENTATIVE REAL ESTATE MEN 
 
 OF ^A/'INNIPEG, MANITOBA. 
 
 JAMES F. RUTTAIV «£ Co., 
 
 ON COMMISS^lOlSr. 
 
 MONEY INVESTED. COERESPONDENCE SOLICITED.-^! 
 
 J. S. OOOLICAN, 
 
 " The Exchange," Corner Main Street and Fortage Avenue, 
 
 il flMti 
 
 -:o: 
 
 Has conducted some of the Largest Sales of Farming Lands and 
 City Properties made in the Caradian North-West. 
 
 MOFFAT & CALDWSLL, 
 
 mhrf,, Siod mA ;{eal jMt l|roftm, 
 
 •J •/ J ■• 
 
 [0pp. Post Office.] 444! MAIN STREET. [Opp. Post Office.! 
 
 Clioiee City & ¥o\vii I^ot^ & *\i<ii| I<knd^ foi< ^kle kt Skf^aif. Pride^. 
 
 t^« yONET£TO LOAN UFOK FI8ST-CLASS SEAL ESTATE SECUBIT^.'J, 
 
 ^ 
 
 Real 
 
 CITl 
 
 80,000 
 
 ListI 
 
 U 
 
 514 
 
 Ural 
 
[id 
 
 WAI^KER, STUART & CO,, 
 
 3wi3 Main St., opposite Bank of Montrsal, 
 
 Real Estate tgents and Stoc!( Brokers. 
 
 :o: 
 
 GITT AND TOWN PROPERTIES BOUGHT AN9 SOLD. 
 
 :o:- 
 
 * 
 
 80,000 Acres of Farm Lands for Sale in Manitoba and 
 
 the Qu'Appelle District. 
 
 List of Properties, with Description, Prices and Terms, will be 
 sent Free of Postage on A;)plication. 
 
 MANITOBA LAND BUREAU. 
 
 ESTABLISHED IS79. 
 
 A® Mm MAIM ^ ©i 
 
 •9 
 
 j^erf mink l^mhr^ m& pmiml ijeni^, 
 
 SPENCER BLOCK, PORTAGE AVE. 
 
 514 §t. Paul Street, 
 
 IflOKTIb^SALi 
 
 J. H. STEWART & Co., 
 
 485 Main Street, 
 
 (OPPOSITE THE CITY HALL.) 
 
 Ural estate anli C0aiuiiiiiii0n §mu. 
 
 M^MMW imTMBTWM mAWBWWXiLT^ 
 
DENNIS, SONS & 00-,"' 
 
 xmtr%, ] 
 
 MAIN STREET, NEXT TO BANK OP MONTREAL. 
 
 A large list of IiiiproTei aod Wild Farm laods; also sonio large Parcels Clieap Lands. 
 
 Lots IQ WINNIPEG, BRANDON, PRIVCE ALBEKT, BHOADVIEW, EDMONTON, and all 
 Towns In the Province and North- West Territories. 
 
 ^^ir- INSPECTION INVITED.f^ 
 
 T. W. FISHER & CO., 
 
 SI 
 
 tniBf 
 
 I ■■' ■-> ' i 
 
 140 MAIN STREET. 
 
 LITCHFIELD & ROWS 
 
 ♦. {. 
 
 n/i 
 
 ^, iC'^ 
 
 
 aal 
 
 Olice-llo, 60 Princess St, Gerrle's Block, P, 5, Box 5«, Winnipeg, 
 
 LIST OF FARM LANDS FOR SALE. TERMS EASY. TITLES PERFECT. 
 
 
 CROTTY & POIiSOlV, 
 
 ^(d ([ystdfc ^ d^ommtsston i^genfs 
 
 IVo. 403 31AIIV KXREKT. -a*^ « nr 
 
 Lands Boug'Iit and Sold, restates Managed and Kcnls 
 
 Collector. A Large List of Selected Lands for 
 
 Sale. City Properties for Sale. 
 
 / 
 
 @FFiC£ 
 
 ^J 
 
 IM 
 
 Manli 
 
 OFFICK. 
 
 John J 
 Frede- 
 
iiids. 
 
 I and all 
 
 Si 
 
 i^f 
 
 (f 
 
 i 
 
 IFECT. 
 
 mis 
 
 ents 
 1" 
 
 PROFESSIONAL CARDS. 
 
 HON. WM. MAGDOUGALL, G.B.. Q.G.. 
 
 OTTAWA, ONX. 
 
 
 .RANK 
 
 i 
 
 ^lil 
 
 #» », 
 
 ACDOUGALL, 
 
 TELEGRAPH BUILDINGS, 
 
 Is/Letoalfe Street, Otta-wa, Out. 
 
 Manitoba ami I\ortli-f¥eNt Land Patents Procured. 
 Uepartinenlal claims attended to. 
 
 jam, lliiloipil, Ijordon & Ifi^pleg, 
 
 OFFI€K, IMPERIAL BAMi BUILUIAIGS, WELLINGTON STREET EAST, 
 XOROIWXO, CANAOA. 
 
 John ^ain. 
 (W)?n. Seton G-OTdon. 
 Frederio J\d.offatt. 
 
 Joseph U. J\£c(^ozogall. 
 G-eo. T. Shepley. 
 (^avid Henderson, 
 
 -^. O BC^X 176- 
 
MONTBFAL—THIBAUDEAU, BEOS. & CO. 
 
 :o: 
 
 QIJEBKi -THIBAUDEAU, FRERES & OIE. 
 
 •:o:- 
 
 TFjIBAUDEAU, BROS. & CO., LONDON, ENG. 
 
 :o:- 
 
 THIBAUDEAU, BROS. & CO. 
 
 ENGLISH, FRENCH AND 
 
 AMKRICA-N 
 
 "-\ 
 
 Thistle Street, 
 WIK'NIPia, 
 
IISIIS9M1III 
 
 :o. 
 
 ) 
 
 Connecting at HALIFAX in Winter and RIMOUSKI in 
 
 Summer with the powerful FIRST CLASS 8TE AMEBS 
 
 of the ALLAN ROYAL MAIL 7 me. 
 
 TO AND FROU UVERPOOL i^U^UT. 
 
 At ST. JOHN, N. B., with the ST. JOHN & M " TNE EAILWAT and 
 INTERNATIONAL STEAMSHIP LINE to .jm PORTLAND, 
 
 BOSTON, NEW YORK and all points in vue NEW ENGLAND 
 STATES. 
 
 At PICTOTJ and POINT DU CH^NE with the Prince Edward Island 
 Steam Navigation Company's Steamers, for CHA RLOTTETOWN, 
 GEORGETOWN and SUliMERSIDE, daring the season of naTieation 
 connections being made at those points with the PRINCE EDWARD 
 ISLAND RAILWAY SYSTEM. 
 
 At CHAUDIERE JUNCTION with the GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY for 
 MONTREAL, TORONTO, MANITOBA and the NORTH-WEST 
 TERRITORIES and Western States. *•«•' , 
 
 HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA, its OCEAN TERMINUS and the WINTER 
 PORT of Canada, is the nearest North American Port (having Railway 
 facilities; to Liverpool. 
 
 Pabskngebs from and to Great Britain and the Continent, to and from all 
 
 e>ints in Canada and the Western States, should take this route a» 
 UMDRSDB or Miles of Wintbe Navigation are thereby avoided. 
 
 IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS 
 
 will find it advantageous to use this route as it is the quickest in point of 
 time, and the rates are low. Through Freight is forwarded by FAST 
 SPECIAL TRAINS, and the experience of the past two winters has proved 
 the Intercolonial Route to be the quickest for European Freight to and 
 trovi all points in Canada and the Western States. 
 
 THE GREAT CANADIAN ROUTE TO AND FROM THE OCEAN FOR 
 SPEED, COMFORT AND SAFETY IS UNSURPASSED. 
 
 LIVERPOOL TO MANITOBA via HALIFAX by Ocean Steamer. 
 LIVERPOOL TO HALIFAX (in Winter.) 
 
 fhe Best and Geo^aphlcallr the Shortest Koate across the Atlantic to th« 
 Continent of America by orer 500 Miles. 
 
 BY INTEROOLONIAIi RAILWAY FBOM HALIFAX TO QUEBEC. 
 
 BY GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY FROM QUEBEC TO CHICAGO. 
 
 BY CHIOAOO A NORTH-WESTERN RY, CHK^AGO, MIWAUKEE A ST. PAUL BY., 
 OHICAQO, ROOK. I8L\NU A PACIFIC Y., FROM CHICAGO TO ST. PAUL. 
 
 OT. PAUL. MI*** 
 ST. PAUL • 
 
 APOLIS * MANITOBA RT, AND CANADIAN PACIFFC RY.. FROM 
 'INNIPEQ, MANITOBA, A \l> THE NORTH-WEST TERBITOEUSB. 
 
 '%■'- 
 
§1 Sllliiiii 
 
 From LIVERPOOL to QUEBEC, in Summer, and PORTLAND Maine, m Winter. 
 
 BUNNiNO xs ooimaonoN with thb 
 
 OBAHD TRUNK RAILWAY OF CANADA. 
 
 Comrosed of the following full-powered, double englned, Clyde Built Iron Steamshipi: 
 
 Texas, • 2,750 Tons. 
 Quebec, - 2,700 " 
 HtssisRippi, 2,700 ** 
 Teotonta, 2,700 '* 
 
 '^^^Sailmg from LIVERPOOL every THURSDA V, 
 calling at BE LFAS r the following day to receive passengers. 
 
 Yancouver 
 
 , 5,700 Tons. 
 
 Toronto, • 
 
 8,300 Tons. 
 
 Sarnla, • 
 
 3,750 " 
 
 Montreal, 
 
 '3,300 " 
 
 Oreson - 
 
 8,750 •• 
 
 Ontario, • 
 
 3,200 " 
 
 BroukljD, 
 
 8,600 " 
 
 Dominion, 
 
 3,200 " 
 
 SALOON FAKE £10 10s. ; Children under 12 years (aooompanied by their parente,) Hall 
 Fure ; Infants under 2 years, free. 
 
 20 cu^ic feet of luggage allowed each adult 
 
 I^^TEBMEDIATE, £8 ; STEEBAOE. £6 6s. ; Children under 12 years, Half Fare : Infants 
 under 1 vear, lis. 
 
 10 cubic feet of luggage allowed each adult 
 
 GOVERNMENT ASSISTED PASSAGES are granted to Mechanios, Navvies, Agricultural and 
 General Laborers and tkeir families at £4 ; Children under 12 years. Half Fare : under 1 year, 
 lOs. FESEALE DOMESTIC SERVANTS, £3. Applications for which are to be made upon 
 the SPECIAL FOEMS provided for the purpose. 
 
 Each steamer carries an experienced Surgeon, also Saloon, Intermediate and 
 
 Steerage Stewardesses. 
 
 H^'- FOE PASSAGE : apply in LONDON to GBACIE ft HUNTER, 96 Leadenhall Street ; in 
 GLASG0V7, ROBERT DUNCAN & CO., 97 Union Street : in BELFAST, HENRY GOWAN, 29 
 Donegal Quay ; in QUEENSTOWN, JOHN DAWSON ft Co., and to the Agents in all th« 
 ')rinci~>al towns and cities of Great Britain and the Continent 
 
 FLINN, MAIN & MONTGOMERY, 
 
 DAVJD TORRANCE &. Co., 
 
 Qeueral Agents, Canada. 
 
 Managing Directors, 
 
 H MkMXS v:tR£RT, LiVKItPOOti' 
 
THE 
 
 4t 
 tt 
 it 
 
 Calls the attontion of parties emigrating to I> /^.KOTA. or IkXA'NITOBA. 
 
 to the UNRIVALLED FACILITIES which it ofters by reason of its 
 
 From Chicago to Minneapolis and St. Paul. 
 
 It Is an indisputable fact that this Uoutc traverses the Finest Region of ILLINOIS, 
 T i IOWA and MINNESOTA ; that its track is smooth, its trains most comfortable, 
 
 its connections sure and made in Union Depots, and that it carries 
 ^*, ,ai all Passengers (luiciily, cheaply and safely. 
 
 ' ♦ ■ • 
 
 All classes of Tickets for sale at Coupon Ticket Offices in Canada and United States. 
 
 »«« 
 
 r The Great ROCK ISLAND ROUTE is the only one that carries passengers in Through 
 Cars to MINNEAPOI.LS, ST. PAUL, KANSAS CITY, LEAVEN WORTH, ATCHISON 
 and COUNCIL BLUFFS, affording Rapid Transit to all Western and North- Western 
 States and Territories. *,*Get our Maps, Folders and a Copy oj the Western Trail. 
 
 J. FRANCIS l_EE, _ 
 R. R CABLE, Canadian Passenger Agent, ZOi Front-St. JSast, Toronto* 
 
 VCce-Prest, and GenH Manager, E. ST. JOHN, 
 
 Cliicago. Gen'l Ticket arid Passenger Agent, 
 
smannm, maam * ooicr Aarr, 
 
 Ciuiyi Liil Mm, Conn Apts, Depaikilal Jlpts k kejors, 
 
 ■STABUBHU) Foa THB 
 
 Ponhaae and Sale of Laads In the Dominion of Canada, especially In Manitoba anA 
 
 the North* Weit Terrltortes, ftor a (leneral ComnlMlon boslness with Canada, 
 
 and also tor the transaction of nrnartmental business at 
 
 the seat of Government at Ottawa, 
 
 OFFICES IN KNGLAND. 
 
 t Tletorla,Manslons, 
 
 Westminster, London, 8. W. 
 
 RBFBRBNOES. 
 
 The Hon. Sir JOHN ROSE, Bsrt, O.O.M.O., Ao., Ac, 18 Queen's Gate, London, 8. W» 
 
 TbeHon.Sir A. T. OAI^T, O.O.M.O., High Oommluloner for Canadb, Ao., Ac, 9 Ylotori* 
 
 Ohambers, weatmlniter, London, 8. W. 
 
 i OFFICES IN CANADA. 
 
 Main St., Winnipeg, Manitoba. 
 
 'Union Chambers, Ottawa, Ontario. 
 
 Ov 
 
 The great attention wbloh Canada Is attracting at the present time as a field for emlgra* 
 tion and Invesiment, and the large snms of money that nave been made throotch the pur> 
 ehaae of land la tbat country, espeoially In Manitoba and the North-West Territories, baa 
 ■nggested to ttae undersigned tbe expediency of providing facilities In Great Britain for 
 men transactions. 
 
 We baye, tberefore, opened an Offloe In London, for tbe Issue of Letters of Credit or Deposit 
 Certificates to emigrants or otbers desiring to remit monies to Canada, also to act as agents 
 for IndlTlduaU and companies wlsblng to obtain tracts of land for colonisation, or for gracing 
 jmrposes, or for persons wlsblng to pnrobase. or to dispose of landsand Improved farms In an^ 
 of tbe Provinces or Territories of tbe Dominion ; to undertake InvcHtments In loans on reu 
 •state, and to do a general commission business In connection wltb Canada 
 
 M» Tbe Winnipeg Office Is under the managementof members of the firm who have resided 
 In Manitoba for Rome years, and have an intimate personal knowledge of tbe lands In that 
 Province and in the adjoining Territories. Tliese droumstanues lead us to hope that our ser» 
 vlceswillprove valuable to persons deslrour of obtaining lands and settling in the country. 
 and to those desirous of making investments therein. Tbe firm transact a general land 
 agency business in all its details, also, will undertake surveys and reports of the soil, and 
 general character of any given portion of property ; will lay out town plots, furnishing 
 
 Slans and maps of same, and manage tbe sale of any such estates which may be entrusted to 
 lelr care. 
 
 The advisability of opening an offloe In tbe City of Ottawa has been suggested by the 
 extensive and rapldlv Increasing business between Individuals and Companies, and tbe 
 Department of tbe Interior, in connection with tbe Public Domain, such as the purchase of 
 Dominion Lands, acquiring Mining Bights, questions of Homestead and Pre-emption RlgbtSr 
 Claims to Hcrip, special claims to land based on occupation previous to 'be transfer of tbe 
 North- West Territories, applications for Patent, etc, etc., etc., has suggested the expediency 
 of establishing special faoilitles for the transaction of all snob matters, and the firm, has, 
 wltb that view, opened an office at thu seat of Government. 
 
 This Agency will be under tbe supervision of tbe senior member of tbe firm, whose know- 
 ledge of Manitoba and tbe North- West Territories, and of the routine working of tbe Depart- 
 ment ofthe Interior, will prove of special advantage in tbe transaction of all business with 
 wbloh It may be entrusted. 
 
 Tbe firm will act as aeenis In obtaining Letters of Incorporation under the Joint Stock 
 Companies' Act, and willalso undertake the charge of private bills in Parliament. 
 
 Tbe firm will also gladly receive instructions and attend to business matters connected 
 with any of the other Departments of tbe Government as well as the Interior. 
 
 Correspondence is solicited. Circulars explaining terms and conditions on which trans- 
 aeUons can be effiseted will be forwarded on application, as well as any additional informa- 
 tion that may be desired. 
 
 DENNIS, SONS & Co. 
 
m]m, 
 
 litoba and 
 inada, 
 
 8.Tf. 
 
 Ion, 8. W, 
 9 Vlotorl* 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 >remlrr». 
 I the par- 
 lories, bM 
 rlUln for 
 
 >r Depoult 
 as ageots 
 9r grating 
 ma In anj 
 u on real 
 
 ''e resided 
 Is In that 
 t our aer- 
 ooantry, 
 >ral land 
 ■oil. and 
 rnlihlnc 
 ruated to 
 
 d b/the 
 and the 
 chaae of 
 I RlKhta, 
 ir oTthe 
 •edlenoy 
 'm, baa, 
 
 B know- 
 Depart- 
 )88 with 
 
 tStook 
 
 ineoted 
 
 I trans- 
 forma- 
 
 ; Co. 
 
 OF Canada. 
 
 TRANS-CONTINENTAL ROUTS 
 
 Kfi* 
 
 one mm^& 
 
 TO 
 
 fUCi^MI'TOBi^ 
 
 -AND TUB- 
 
 North- West Territories. 
 
 Pas8ont;or8 to the rich wheat ])rodiu'ing hinds of Manitoba and tho Agricul- 
 tural and Mining Districts of British Columbia, will fiud the ohoapost and best 
 route via tho Grand Trunk Iluilway of Canada. 
 
 This is tho L1-:G1T1MATF. R0UTi5 to tho North- West, affording a continuous 
 tri)) ai 1 making dir^cL (^oiinei lions with tho Steamer lines from Sarnia and Colling- 
 wood, u, id by rail througli to Winnipeg, and all points in tho North- West Territories. 
 
 THE GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY 
 
 With its ])oworful and direct connections, and extensive i-nd continuous through 
 lino, is the favorite route, and can be relied upon. Tlio very best ratus will bo 
 quoted for freight,, passage, live stock, otfects, and oxtvA buggago, for emigrant 
 parties; also foi individual emigrants. 
 
 It has deservedly gained the reputation of being an exceptionally desirable 
 route for bodies of emigrant settlers. Special attention has been paid to this busi- 
 ness, both as iog;irds c»rs, train service, accommodations ou route, and instructioQS 
 to employes to treat parties and holders of our tickets with courtesy and attention. 
 
 Tlokots will be issued by all rail, or by rail aud the Lakes, to the various points in the North- 
 West during the sportlug season. 
 
 Apply for full information to agents at the Offlces of the Orank Trunk Railway. 
 
 JAS. STEPHENSON, 
 
 Qeuerul Paascugur ^Vifeut. 
 
 L. I. SEABJEANT, 
 
 Trafflc Manager. 
 
 JOSEPH HICKSOy, 
 
 Qeneral Manager. 
 
mj9j9)^9)9)€>9?9>9>€)^P)€)9i>r>f)^€)9W^9')9''>^€yf)t')0)9)*im>0Of)e9)9J9)9}9)r)0^9)€)W)W)0)1f)9)9)r>r)m9) 
 
 yv^r^i^yi^ • 111 IMl 
 
 III >K 
 
 
 -^J-^ ill ^I^ 
 
 
 
 >JC I ^C il 7i>: 
 
 lESO In aore witli a 
 
 125 
 
 e)©€;©«)»#j*>e)«f)©«»»€)«)e)«^« 
 
 a^XjTjTirjTirirjr. 
 
 JA8. F. BUTTAN A CO., KBAl ESTATE AtiBNTM, WINxNIPEti, MANITOBA.