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'■ .~, ; -rX' •'.■'" ■ • ■•.].■ • «•' 'i * ■' ■••■ . * . • ' ^''■'•■5"' ■■;.' ^»f - feXAlVi jKAt ION #';M v:^,'::r,5i. / W: cm-'-'. .»#v#-^y^A t)N tHE bt THE REMARKS bire^icd tb ibe AuAbr df tliat ^««; s.a-""'^ jPiatjufiitia, $mit Hmm. ':wvf;; tAcir. %*^he Second kbittoN. Coiicftca. '^-■0MM ■^- •'M*."' js^ J--'" W -■■■■- >,.- "" " * . s «fy «.• . "!) ^nted for A. HiNDiilsdH, in lf^ifiiitti0ir-H$U, * >' i « ij .'/ 1 A 1 .«• Vi A f n O XT i: VI I t/:k .> w f Jtl>, V. » Mi ' . T vrr? i .il >J ,^\^ IVl i ..:. i m fV^-^i v. •..*.■* n V J^DlD k » t \ * - 1 o 1 •«.. « 3 , > - >*a »» ■ 1. iiiMilWBw '■»/■: ■V* 4 ■i» i!&«: » . -» V. C- .i »>. .1 il^:nt^-.^^^ In ,>:c..s..:C i « .Aii. -« . - V,.: S>1{ &. « T.J E XAMI N ATIONi' ) <- '. J*- OF' THE- -1 •■ > -> -. Ji i# "^n.' •\ r, vnriinfL^ •■' :'" ** r i» p.cmarks on the Jt^tter to Two Cjfreat Meiv .. '^?i'-HOr:A P 'jra ^~i .H-'' SI R, n- ' i t . . .» > S the enfuing Negotiation for' Pcact is of the uttlioft Impor-* tance, and that not only the* Ha^pinefs of the prefent Age, ' but even of Generations to conili, depends upon the Terms that may be obtained • * fo I beg Leave to fend you fome Obfervations ' upon the Remarks you have made on the* Letter addreffedto tm Great Mem -' ' ' ''-^-^ The Author of that Performance and you differ in two effential Particulars: He is for re- taining Canada y You are for ceding a Part of ilji He is for deHvering up Guadaloupe to tb.e A 2 , Enemy, ii njBpv, Vou arc for keeping Ppffcffioh of \u Apd tnough a Difcuffipn of thcfc two Points jmight be lu0kient to engrof^ t|ie Attei)tion of the Publick^ yet I ibali e:^amine vopr di^ejr^nt JPofitions, at the fame time declaring in your own Words, " that I aim at no Scdudion of V Judgment ;" for my Views are only to fcrva |Tiy Country, by laying open what is of the utfpo(| poncefn ^nd Advantage. To wh^f Piirpofe are the laboured Arguments, " That Succefs infpires a blind and haughty Con- fidence? •• ■! .1 and that if A virtuous and able Miniftry may in fome fort find their Virtue an^ Abilities bropght to a^ againft tlietnfelvcs, — and that their Vidtories and SuccefTes have excited io much Arrogance in thofe yrho had no Share in acquiring them. a$ to deftroy all their EfFcdtsj they may find their Virtue and Moderation over- ruled by the Madncfs of the People, and be thus (Jilabled from availing themfelves of j^ fuccjsfsful W^r, in the ^t^innicnt o/an ad- vantageous peace f 1 • That Supcef^ has a Tendency to infpire with Arrogapps will feadily be allowed ; but that ifierc can be any Danger where :he l^aws have their iree Cpurfc, can with Truth be denied : pan you or any Man be of Opinion, that the Cpprfe pf Juftipe would be diverted from its proper Channel, or iha^ a Criminal would be l^iore eaf^ly paffed in Cafe Grxat Br%tait\ w?8 «< •c «< «r 1 ■' 1 .: * A Court which holds a Medium between a Court ofii Equity t fuch as tht Chauccry, and a Court of Jujlics^ as the King's Bench. *iiwa(0»' (7) a natural Right for building what fcems good to him upon his own Territory. And fliould another as in the Cafe of Dunkirk prefcribe Laws to him in that Particular, he will ifi your own Woreling^ or to Mar dyke ^ many Places fit for founding a City and building au Harbour might have been found out : On all which Accounts in my humble Opinion, the Demolition of Dunkirk needs not to be infifted on as a Freliminary Proof of the Enemy's Sin- cerity : I fliall only add that if fuch a Peace be obtained as the Succefs of our Arms and the Juftice of our Caufe intitle us to, we need not be anxious about Dunkirk, tho* the French fliould build from it to Paris, and all the great Towns of the- Kingdom. « ■ i ^ : « ii i mufl be of Opinion thjft the r)!taining of tanada ought to bo the fine qua non of the Peace, and that dnlefs it i% ^e (hall ha«re '< a *« treachcroqs and dclufiyc Pcacej" as th6 Writer of the Letter to Two Great Men cx- pre/fes it. ... . The Candour and Upciehthefs of our alluf-i tiions King more than the FaiS itfclf,. will not allow us to think that the Ws^r w^ begun from any Views of Ambition on his Majcfty's Part : He did not enter upon it to obtain Cj- nada or Gaudaloupe% nor did he ever claim' any Original Right to either. AU this i$ granted ; and yet the whole of your Rhetorical Expodulations in Page 20 muft 30 for nothing.; For as Things (land, if Canada be partitioned between the French and Englijb, the River St, Laurence will be as weak a Barrier as the Rhine or the Oder to the Germjans ; neither of which Rivers could \yt a Bound 16 either the Swedes or Freneh when intent upon ConqtiefV; Fa6tj which is the moftftubborn Evidencfci fpeaks again (I the A(reriion that France wa$ lukewarm with regard to Cartadai So far waS the Court of Verfailles from defpi(ing this Va- luable Acquifition, that (he fcarcely feemedl anxious for the Prefer vation of any other. Di4 not the War begin with taking the Mcide and the Lyi, while carrying Troops and Provi(ions to Rebeck f Have not the French built nume- rous Forts, Towns and Villages from the lait named Place to Lake Erie itfelf? By this means endeavouring to fecure a Communica-^ tioii im Ihia :a- (9) tion witli the Forts, extended from the Month of the Mifijjippit on the Southern Qiiorr.cr. Has not France difcovered plainly her ambi- tious Views of encircling our Colonics from Nova Scotia even to the Southern Parts of Georgia \ik\ih*T\s certain that many hand- fonie Towns.iiil^ Villages, and Plantauons, form a beautiful Profped: as f^r as Frontenac on the Lake Ontario, at the weflern Exrremi- ty of which is Fort T'oronto^ and feveral others as you advance fouthward. . "^ • Tho* the Country of Canada he neither the property of the French nor of Britain on the Principle of original Right, yet Experience may convince that it (hould now be oura by Right of Security : I readily grant you that the Country itfelf is equal to a Monarchy *, and if rightly divided might form fome large and extenfive Kingdoms that in Time might give Laws to the Europeans ; for the Soil is fruitful, the Climate in many Places tempe- rate, the Harbours for Shipping are large and commodious, and the Fillicries are plentiful and advantageous. tFpon taking a View of the River St. Lau- rence y I cannot Refpedt it bears Thames^ about help thinking that in fbrne a kind of Refemblance t:rthe l8j4 Years ago, vthtw Julius Cafar landed in England: Nor is the Country along its Eanks unlike to thole waitred by the Thames at that Period. Who at that Tims B It /x 2400 Milti Ln£, could ^1 (10) could have thought thkt a Country a!mo(l un-» kno^^n and dcij)ifed, and without either' Towns or Villages, would have rKein to fuch a pinnacle of Greatnefs as- to look with as much Contcnnpt upon the enflavfed Italians^ as the Pcbple of Ifaly once look'd upon therh ? Had a Genius come and told €a/ar that a City, more glorious than Rome iniUte Splc*ndour of Greatnefs, fiiould arife upon the Thames^ and that her Merchants fliould bt like Prince^ ancf Kings of the Earth j the Roman Gieneral Wduld have treated the Matter as a Chimera, The Banks of Sf. Laurence are as capable of Improverfiertt as thofe of the Thames y the French know it, and have made great Improve- :nents upon them ; and if the Country be rc- itorcd, they may in a Century or two, form Chains to all the Colpnies of America. The Harved Peafants of Old France will tranfport themfelvcs in Multitudes to their new Settle- ments ; Forts and Towns will appear in every Creek and Harbour ; the French Navy will loon be reftored, their Filheries will be re- cftablifhed, and the Markets of Ital"^ will be fupplied by them to the Prejudice of the J5r;/>/Z> Merchants. Bat, Sir, when I mention Canada I don''t mean thnt every Frenchman fhoi^ld be drf- mifled from that extenfive Province: I only mean tliat the Crown of France fhonid not be permitted to have one Town or FortreO, or one Tingle Harbour on the River of St, Laurer'ce, for this good Reafon, that in a fliort Aort Time they may pour in Troops too n«- jmerons to be oppofed by the Garrifons that 4tnay be formed tnerc. The River of St, Laurence, from the Mouth of the Gulph at Attiec^fti to Rebeck, refembles in fome Degree the -Gulph of Finland from the Jfles oi Aland to Peterfiurg ; and as the Czar Peter the GrwiT" retained all on the South Side M ^he Gulph at the Treaty ot 'NimHadt^ Anno 172 1 J fo ought we to retain every finglc 5pot from Rebeck on the South Side of St, Laurence^ snd if A7^w Britain, which is .bounded by iht Straits ofBelliJle, be allowed to the French, let them be fofar circumfcribed, as not to pafs beyond the River Saguina *, or to build any Forts upon the Lakes thro' which .it runs. I cann<5t agree to the Propofal of redoring any one Fort taken from .them on the Conti- nent of America ; and would rather be for giv- ing up Gtiudaloupe, as it is very unhealthfu], than for reftoring any Part of Canada now in our Power, and the/ the Trade from thence was of fuch Advantage to France as to employ 1600 Sail of Ships, and 16000 Seamen, and .brought into their Revenue a Million Sterling, yet this is not the governing Principle with me: The Security of our Colonies, and a Surety ot peace entirely influence me. The trench Navy at this Time is not fo jnuch reduced as at tlie End of the lad War, •^ 2 nbout f A Kiver about I20 M'llti Kajl of Ciuel).cq, 12 about twelve Years ago . nor would they fin4 it fo hard to re-eftabli(h the fame now as after that Period ; " 'tis true their King's Battles, *' and Marfhal Saxes Vidorics, do not now " make up for their Difaftcrs ; " but then it is equally true, that they have fupplied their Lofies more during this War, by the Germafi Spoils, than ever they did before, even when theif Troops under M. Turenne wintered in the F(4lathjate,wh\ch they burnt by the exprefs Or- der of their King. - 1 muft be of Opinion that the Value of the Returns of Canada may be infinitely fuperiour to thofe of Gaudaloupei and tho* the Furr- Trade at this Time be little more than the Tin-Tr.idc of Britain before the Invafion by Cafar, yet as the Country is capable of all Manntrof Improvement it will be no Divina- tion if we conjecture, that in a fhort Time it DAay produce many other Articles, and fieigh? Ships with prain to fiipply not only their own American Neighbours, but even the Europeans thcmfelves. ' I cannot fee the Force of your Reafoning wlic'i) you aver *' that the Arguments " em- *' ploved corncerning a Security for a peace- «' able Behaviour in Canada woxAA be equally ** urgent for calling for the fame Security in ** E'lrcpiJ' And atter treating the Matter at full Length you fesm to extend the Argument io far as to draw the Writer of the Letter into ' . . ' ^ thq ^ee p. 24, 'hm wm^ ' in at nt to ^Q .( ^3 ) ;the abfurd Conclufion of demanding France . itfelf for a Security: And when you mention the Subjefts of that Crown as Neighbours to jhe Englijh^ op the Side of Picardy^ dnd Nor- mandy^ and of the Germans on the Side of Alface ^nd Lorra'm^ you have forgot to (JKlin- guifti the eflential pifference that there is be- twf*en their being Neighbours to the former and the latter. Had Nature feparated between the French Territories vci Amrica, and the Britijlo Colo- nies there in the fame Manner as (he has be- tween Trance and England, I would readi'y agree to the Propofal of refloring every fingle tort which we nave been able to take during the Courfe of the War, which in the Language of our illuftrious Kmg, was undertaken from no Ambitjous Views, or from any Defire of Conqueft. It was begun for protefting our (Colonies, whence are derive^ fuch Succours tp this Country ; but as no £uch Fence can be drawn about our American PofTeffions, as Nature has fixed about England I muft be allowed to fay that the very Argument ufed by you when fpeaking of the Trench Encroach- ments, more than determine me to be of Opinion that Canada ought to be retained for our Security, '' the Low Coujjtrys^ Lorrain^ *' Alface y (liew us that the F/^;/r/?Monarchy has '^ been intent upon extending their Dominion *' on theSideof G^r/;^<:^«y;" the fine Provinces of Roit/liilon and Perpignan lliew the fame Thing on the Side of l^pain: And what can Britain ( H ) Britain expedl if ever they have an Oppottiir r'ty to encroach upon the Continent of At merits } for in your own Words, ** they hav? *' tried all the Methods of War, of Treaty, ** and of Marriage, to enlarge their dangeroua ** Empire : '* The Calamities fuftained by the German:^ and by the Spaniards^ when the Armies of France were ravaging theirTerritories, may in Time be felt in our American Colonies, nay the Indians will be enticed to all the Arts of Scalping, Burning and Murder. It is the faying of a good naturcd Antient *, Happy is the Man who becomes cautious from a View of another* s Misfortunes', And happy will it be for the Britijh Colonics if the Prencl? never arrive at any Power or be fettled upon the Continent of America -, as no Ties qau bind Ambition, nor Oaths reft rain where an infatiable thirfl after Conquefl prompts the en- terprizing and powerful. You need not, Sir, wiHi to fee Confedera- cies entered into •' for reclaiming their Ufur- lotions on the Side of Germany and Spain?* Thcfe have happened oftener than once in thp Courfe of the lad Century 5 and involved great Britain in a I^Jational Debt which will be ^ Work of Time to repay : This was one of the principal Motives for the famous Confederacy at the Hague about Seventy Years ago. A Love to Truth which prompts toredlify /every Miftakc, determines me to jpin with you r,. ru;..- quern faciunt filienfi pcrtcula cautum\ 1» (.IS) in Ac Opinion for retaining Guadahapfy nyho now have the Ad- miniftration ot Affair?. . - / * < If, contrary to her own Intereft, France. obftinately perfifts in the War, in Hopes of having . all her American Territories re- ftored, in Lieu of the States taken from his Prujjian Majefty, the greater Reafon willGrMif Britain find to adopt the Dodrine of retaining Canada as ih^fi^e qua non of the Peace: 1 am convinced that Great^ Britain will find if her vigilant and fagacious Minifter perfcjvcres, that all the Charge of this War has been the mod thrifty Difbarfement the Nation ever made ; An exrlufive Fifbery ! Aboundlefs Territory! The Fur-Trade ingrofled! And innumerably Tribes of Savages contributing to the Con- fumpti'^ii of the Staple, are Sources of inex- hauftible Wealth. VVhpever reflcdls on thefe Subjfrds, will blefs the Adminiftration wha took up the Difpute which ignorant and de- figning Men call a Quarrel for a few dirty Lands or Acres of Snow. " That Canada in *' our Hands would not yield half what it did ** to France '*' " Pofterity will think other wife, and the Britijli Poor will foon have feeling Proofs, that Great Britain mufl fink or fwim u'iih i)cr Cofonies, not one of which ought to be relinquiOied. The Illahds, advantageous as * Pemarh />. 41. (11) .they are, may be yielded without being under, any Alarms of a Land- War; but it is not ft in Cafe the French be admitted upon the fanic Continent with us. As the Conceffions to be ma'de upon the ,Coaft of Coromandel and Malabar have been fcarce touched at in any of the Performances that have appeared lince the Profped of a Ne- gotiation, fo I fhall fay a few Words on that 5ubjedt. It is evident that fince the Third of Augufl 1758, when Admiral Pocock defeated the French Fleet near Fort St, David's, that the Affairs of France have decayed as much mASa as either in Europe or in America ; their Army under M. de LdUy has been every where unfuc- jbefsfulj and the (hameful Rcpulfe before Ma- drafi has rendered their Troops the Contempt of the Nabobs and their Indian Subjcdls ; fuch a Tide of Misfortunes has oyjerflowed them in that Quarter, that it is not improbable but Pondicherry itfelf is fnaiched out of their Hands. I fhould not be averfe to reftoring any of ^heir Settlements on the Coafts of Coromandel and Malabar^ as the Trade to the Eaft Indies is far from being equal to that with our Ame^ rican Colonies. The Commodities from the Eaft Indiei only ferve to drain England of the ready Specie, without taking any Goods like a proper Ballance from us: Neither can we pretend to people that Country, as it abounds with Inhabitants as much as oiir own. It \*i. • ' i \\ ( 22t> f .- - ; It 11 admirably well obferved by the Great Man ♦, who gives Luflre to Dignity, who by the Btilliance ot his Virtues, and every Part e World, have exhaufied them ; fo that be- ing llript of their foreign Dominions, their Trade ruined, and they themfelves (hut up in every * Mr. Onflow, Speaker of the Hottfi of Commons, in hi$ Speech to Sir Edward Hawke on Monday, January 28, 1760. . ... f J Man of War in France is more cojf^ than one of the fame F.rce in Britain, at tht French have thi \nojl Pert of their Materials from Swcdfn and RufTia ; tuyere- as '■jue are fup^Ued luith the Implements of Ship building iiiher ivithiu ourfeha, (jr from our American Cthnu^. i ■^^1 every Quarter, except on the Side of* German) * we need not be afraid to differ from the Gen* tlemen, who maintain that the War in Ger-* many, nnore than any other Circum (lance, has brought them to that Verge of Ruin, from which nothing but a Peace with Great Britain can deliver them. Add to thi&, that more im- placable Enemies than either their Britannic at F ruffian Majeftics have made Havock thro' \ the Provinces of France: Their Vintage is blafted, their Crops are withered, their Har- vefi: has been as bad as that in England was plentiful; the Cattle, which, in Coniideratioii of the wife Regulations of the Parliament of Ireland, for preventing the Exportation of Pro- vifions to foreign Countries, have been almofl ' entirely flaughtcredj and after being packed X on Board their VefTeis, thefe have been picked up by our Privateers: Continual Alarms of an Englijh Invafion have broken the Ties of Hu- manity, and caufcd the Connection between- Families to ceafe. Fears within, and Terrours without, prey upon their Vitals, and Jealoafy like a IVIoth penetrates into the inncrmoft Re- cefles of the French Councils, fo that now is tiie Time to fettle the Happinefs of Great Britain, as far as human Prudence can fo*- » fee. I have only to add, that the Poilfcript to your third Edition does not alter my Senti- ments ; for fuppofe the Trade from the River of St. La%vrence was flript of the Fifhery, and con filled I • ^ :^-'i-i YJt^"' ■■ , !#r If "^-U- i) !;■■ •^ • ,.( H.I : * a?^fifted only In Lumber, as yotr sHa^' pfe^4' focall it» y^t Canada irftiUpriqferftble to Gti^^ dahupe^ iif for n othitif^ more than .ex»rcifin^ ' ^r Seamen ; and I am;«fure that if the Sctgat maHe in the CMe^i has a Tendincy to draw . a ccnfiderable Quantity of ready Mone/from : the CaraccaSy and oihtt SpaniJhM^^ the Produce of Canada when iniprov^ to the Degree it is capable, would be mucfii i^or& fo : Howcve** ny Argument for retaimiig Cz/t^^ entirely flows frpm tjie Pffncipfc bf Stcurity4 - y»f' v/r 'Vj» ,*-*>■ -' -^ • )> « * iMr^rs':!;) z. i A •.-'.■ » > - ^ .\,*J * ;'^;:«i^.i i i* ♦ •« ''|v:av^i ; . ».s A *■»• 1 .■.--v. •* j'.V - " 1 ^^ ..iiBi """' '-'•'*^'^ ;'^ m. y Qua* rcifin^ ^ from xicnts; to rh6 ►re fo : anad4 irifjTff " • •.->♦■ -* ^ ■; .("If ■; .^wIV-.* ...» . ■-•■:^>-k ■■-■- ! • • •*.• :!■« f f- t*. 1 V-.:-.Vi. •;