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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too lerge to be entirely Included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames ss required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre fllmte A des taux de reduction diff Arents. Lor^que le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul cllchA. II est film* A partir de Tangle suptrleur gauche, de gauche A droite. . et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants iliustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 #' 42d Congress, ) Is* Session, f SENATE. i Ex. Doo. \ No. 12. EEPORT OF A RECONNAISSANCE OF THE YUKON RIVER, ALASKA TERIUTOR.Y. JULY TO .SEPTEMBER, 18(il). 23Y CA.1PXAIN" CHARLE-S AV. RA.Y]M02^13, CORPS OF KXGDiEF.RS, U. S. AlfMY. I m ^'# . » " 2 5' 5912 Y' Y9 U! U558 li 1871 WASHINGTON: OVERNMENT PRINTING OFFIOE. 1871. **_^- ■'■•^'^^!^^:^:-^;:t^^r.^^.7'*it^' ^^ '^ ^ * '"% ' 1 ->f-' « 1 .JlSi, V mmv^Hm T "%■. ■^-' ,^- LETTER OF THE SECRETARY OF AVAR. iitANSMrniMi Report of emjinccr fcconiummnce of the Yalva Riir>\ Alaska Tcrrliorii. n-ith appendlr and map. « 1 .jMi. V Ai'HU. 17. 1^71. — lifrcncd to tln' C'oiniiiiitfc on Militaiy AtVair'^ ;nul (inicicd to lie printed. War ])epaijtme>?t, April 15, 187 J. The Secretary of AVar has the honor to .submit to the Tiiited States Senate the acconii)an,vin^- report of an engineer reconnais.sance of the Yukon Iviver, Ahiska Territory, made under the orders of the ei)nunand- ing general ]\[ilitary Division of the Paeifie, whicli, with tlie aeeoni]>a- nying appendix and nnq), it is believed will be of interest to the public generally. W:\I. A\' r.ELKNAl\ ^ccretari/ of War. awtttas ■IliMiftiii rinrwii iniiiiii I 4»alf6i3nitnTti Ti - <-?IP ■f's, Xeic y<>rl\ April 1, 1S71. General: I have the honor to trinisniit, tlii'ouj;h the Enjiiiioor liii- rcau, to the eoiuinaiulinj^- goiioral of the ]\rilitary Division of the raeitie, tlie a(*com]ianyin,u- rcpoi't of a roconnaissance on the Yukon Jliver, Alaska, made iUustrative of the same. Th<> reduction of tlu^ liehl-notes and the eon>^truetion of the map have involved considerable labor, most of wliieli has been undertaken by mvself; and as this work has Iteen the oeeupation of my leisiuefroni other duties, the delisy in its completion until the present time has been unavoidable. Mr. ,lohn J. 3IaJor. my assistant in the lield, rendered valuable and zealous aid throu.i;hout the expedition. His services are indicated in the report and records. AeknowledjA'ment is also due to J'rofessor (Jeori;*' Davidson. United States Coast Survey, for kind assistance and advice in the preparation of the expedition: "to Urevet Lieutenant Colonel Williamson, Corps of Engineers, Commodore Emmons, United States Xavy, and Professors Ililgard and Schott, of the United States Coast Survey, for useful suj;- j-estions, and for data iiee»'ssary in the reduction of tield-notes ; and to Messrs. Wniiam I r. Dall, Frederick Whymper, and Willianv H. Ennis, for maps and <>eneral information. J am under obligations to Captain Ifiedell, su])erintendent of the trad- ing-station at Jvedoubt St. Michaers, for a series of meteorological ob- servations at that station ; to :Mr. Fin-diuand Westdahl for skillful aid on several occasions in the re[>air of instrunu'nts, and in the observa- tory ; and to ^Ir. -1 oh n Clark for his generous eoiiperation during our return Journey to the coast, mention of Avhich will be found in the leport. To the traders of Northern Alaska, and esi)ecially to those who were my compaiuons during our Journey up the Yukon, 1 am indebted for ready and effective assistance on many occasions. r "wouhl also ex[>ress my sense of the court(^ous hospitality of Mr. John Wilson, of the Hudson Bay Company, in charge at Fort Yukon at the time of my arrival at that post. The reduction of the astronomical tteld-notes has been essentially facilitated by the able and diligent assistance of :Messrs. A. Fabev du Faur and William C. (runnell, to whom, as also to :\[r. E. v. Diezelski for his intelligent eoiiperation in the construction of the accompanying map, my thanks are due. In transmitting this report 1 cannot but regret that the informatn)n which it contains is in so many respects incomi>lete. I may, however, call attention to the fact that it is the result of a rapid reconnaissance, executed under peculiar disadvantages, and scarcely to be dignified by the title of an exploration. The circumstances of the expedition are 6 ' RECONNAISSANCE OF THE YUKON RIVER. (Icsovihod ill dotail in tlio report, and it is l.t'licvt'il that they will sulU- cioutly account for many inaccnrai-ics and (.missions. ' Very resi>octiullv. voiir obedient servant. ■ (;iJAf5. W. IIAV.MONI), Captain of IJiujinccys. The CriiEF of En(;ineeus. Uniied Sfafrs Anini. ]ViIi>ii[it<>>i. />. C <>in>i:w> AM> iN>Ti;i (. Ti<)N>. lTEAD(>rAUTEU8 MlLITAltV DlVISK.N (»1' JIIE rA<"Il. (,'ai)tain ('. NV. iJiivmond. Turps ot" Engineers, Avill i.roceed by the first opportunity, yia Kitka and Kodiak. to Fort Yukon, Ahiska, and will carry out iiistructions ,uiven IVom this ollire. Upon eomph'tion oftliese duties lie will return to. ami reimrt tor duty at. these headtpiarters. I5v order of .Major (ieneral llalleek : ja:vii:s r.. fiiv, As>iis!tant Ailjiif'iiif (it'iH'raJ. OtUcial : . \v. i;. s:vn:i)r.i:EG, Ih-a-ct LivviciHint ('oinncl L'liijnl >sttit('s An}!}/. A. A. A. d. IlEADijrAUTEKS IMlI.lTAUV DUISluN ol THE rACIFK', ISan Francisco, California. April 2, lSOt>. ('ArTAiN: In connection with Sjiecial Orders 2S'o. 5 1, current series, from this oflice, ]\[ajor Cieueral llalleek y the iludsou Bay Company within our territory, reportinji' more particularly upo.i the quantity of j>oods brou.uht by them from British territory. He further desires all information that you can obtain in referem^e to the resources of the Y'ukon and its tiibutarics, and with regard to thn uuudjcr and dispositiou of the natiye tribes on or in its yicinity. The geueral directs you to make a report uiton the number and con dition of the public buildings at .Michaeloy.ski. Very resi)ectfully. your obedient servant, KOBEBT X. SCOTT, Brevet Lieutenant Colonel and A. A. A. d. (^aidain C. W. Bayiviond, United States Corpfi of Engineers, i>renent. W>-?W».^t;;^''. ' j" 1 N T R D U C T 1 N \Mi('ii tlio tnmstVi of tlio ton-itory of Alaska to tlir Kiiitod States was fousiiiiimattMl, Irw Amciicans wciv aware tliat we had acciuirt'd a river which, risiiiji' far in the interior and drainin}; a vast area, Hows two thousand miU's in its eoui-se to the sea, The Yukon is tlie largest and longest stream <'ini)t,ving on the Avestern coast of the American con- tinent, and it may well be r( garded a.> one of the great rivers of the Avorld. This mighty stream, the region which it waters, and the tiibes which inhabit irs banks, will be the subJe(!tsof subseijuent chapters. In these introductory jtagcs I ])ropose to give, as briefly as jnay bi', a history of the explorations which iiave been ma«le in this i)ortion of the new Terri- tory: to indicate the sources of information which exist concerning it ; to explain the character and scope of the duty with which T have been honored: and, finally, to describe the system which has been followed in the preparation of this rei)ort. The coast of Itussian ^Vmerica and the islands of the Aleutian Archi- l)elago have been well examined by both IJussian and J'ngiish iiavi gators. The interior of .Maska is, however, com[)aratively unknown. In the year 1841] Lieutenant Zagoskin, of the liussian navy, visited, under the direction of the IJussian governnuMit, the legion of the Jvvich- pak (Yukon) I'iver and made extensive explorations, remaining in the country about two years. IFe afterwards i)ublished a book (which I believe has been translated into German) containing the results of his observations. This book I have not l)een able to obtain, and conse- quently the little I have gathered concerning Lieutenant Zagoskin's ex- plorations has been derived entirely from secondary sources. lie trav eled from the mouth of the river to a i)oint a little above Nulato, the most eastern post of the IJussian company, a distance from the sea of about six hundred miles. His book Avas almost the only authority con- cerning the river, until, in the year 185"), the Western Union Telegrajdi Company commenced explorations for an overland telegraph route, in order, by a cable crossing IJehring Strait, to connect the eastern and western hemispheres. This enterprising company employed several Ijundred explorers on both sides of the Pacitic; and their explorations in the northern section of Itussian America have added greatly to our knowledge of this ])arr of the continent. It is said that tlie honor of having made the tivt^ journey from the western coast to Fort Yukon belongs to Ivan Simonsen Lukeen, an em- ploye of the Russian company at St. Michael's, who sncceeded in reach- ing the fort in the summer of 18G3 ; but the information thus obtained was not made public. This journej' was next made, in the summer of 18G6, by Messrs. Ketchuni and Labarge, of the telegraph company. Up to this time the Y'ukon River of the English and the Kvichpak River of the Russians had been supposed to be distinct streams ; and they are represented on quite recent maps, the former emptying into the Arctic Ocean and the latter into Norton Sound. From this explo- ration we tirst learn that they are one .'vnd the same stream. In the winter of 18C6-'G7, these adventurous travelers again made their 8 EECOXSIISSAXCE OF THE YUKON RIVER. way, tliis Time on th*' ice, to Fort Yukon, and in the lollowins: .suninier jmslied on to Foit Jselkirk, more than tour hundred niiles farther up the river, and the La«liMer*l {wiint y«'t rea('heiil»Msh(.'d no aecount of thi'ir adventures. I liaVe, however. Iiuii«l the pUasure of travcilin^' a eonsidorable distane** ou the S'ukon Jliv-i-t with >[r. ^lichael Fiaharjiv. Since the year 1S«;g he lias l»een aluj<*>!t «»n(>tanrly upon tlie river, and is well inlornn-d con- ('ernin;i' its Toi*»*;:Taii».hy and tiic manners and eustoins of the native tribes which inhaldt at.s J)«jaks. I am indebted to liim ibr a hir;;-c amuunt of vabiablc iuloniis-iiiti«o»n, which I coidd m>t otlu'rwise ha\e obtained. The next exiorilition np the river to Fort Yukon was made by ^lessrs. Williaiii II. UiiiJS iniwl Frederick Wliymper, tlie former director of the scientilic ^:^^^*> **i the teU'^raplj <'ompany. the hitter likewise an olUcer of tlie conj]iain .iict«l un artist. In tlu' autumn of iSOi; these ]L;enth'iiH'U crossei«l.-r.if>te dilticulty in "baidarras," or skin-boats, they finally reaclji-MS iiBji»-ir destirmtiou in the latter ])art of rinne. after travel- in^' almost c-^ '" inrly. day and nij;ht, for twenty-nine days. They remained at I .: iikon for af>out two weeks, and then, rer-iiil>arkin^' in their li;;liT lK«»i*->iii this exploration we are indebted Ibr a lar<;e amount of i^eJiinl"!.' information eoncernin.i;' the Yukon. In is(i;t ;Mr. \Vliymi»ei- i>nlt]:i>-lii»tl his -Travels in Alaska and on the Yukon." which y;ives a ]ile;i?mbine«l with these advantaji'cs «4reat energy and a s])eeial litue*?? fwr the work. In 1870 he jurblished a large volume, (Mititled ••A]i;i>k.» .tcid its iJesourees,"' which is lilled with intbrmatioii concerning the Tt-nritory, gathered not otdy from his own experiences, but from eve ly .>ther available source, and Avhich v. ill. I am contident, long remain OHr Iw^t nuthority on many points of interest regarding Alaska. The uitj^er j^kiibmci of the river, between Fort Y'ukiai and Fort Selkirk, has been known for imariy years to the traders of the Hudson IJay Com- l)any. Abov*- \hK hiifer point the river was partially ex[>lored in 1S«»7 by Michael lJyniiiteA.au employi! of the telegraph company. The remain- ing portion is «o»iily known from the reports of Indians. In the sprimji of l-'^JO it was thought desirable that an olHcer should be sent to Xorthtaatern Alaska for the purpose of ascertaining the geogra]»liical |»«(ii#iKioBi of Fort Yukon. Having oliered my services in the performance id thiif duty. I was ordered to report ^o .^lajor (leneral II. W. Halleck. tlkieiui •-oniimaiuling the Military Division of the I'acitic, and 1 received iixmi him theorderand instructions which are ])retixe«l to this report. In this place it sany. It was supposed to be west of the bcmndary l«-tw«-*-M Kassian and Ibitish America, (although its position /■ V rj;M:'^ KECONNAISSAXCK OF THE YUKON KIVKR. 9 / V had iM'Vcr Im'cii th-linitcly ascritaiiMMl,) iuid its cstahlislinioiit was tliore- tbiv <".)ntraiy t() the tcrnis of a treaty cxistiiiji' hetweeii the Ifiissiaii iirid En<;iish .i;»»\('riiiiieiits. The tiiuh'is (»!" the IJiissiaii (-(mipMiy had, h(»\v- ever, with one exception, iieNci' aseeixh'd the riNcr heyoiid a jKiiiit sev- eral hundred luih's h('h>w the post, and seem to ha\'e had no disposition to object to this iin asion of rij-hts which they did not es, and ]>nr- chased their stoics oi' winter skins, l»ef(»re the tardy Russians. delay<'(l i>y current and ice, coidd arrive^ at the tradin,n ,nr(»und. The retirement of the JJussian .\merican ('(»nii)any. conse(pu'nt upon the transfer of the tcrrittu'y to the I'nited Slates, inauiiuraled a new order of tliin;;s. Inniiediatelx several American companies located snudl establishments upon the river and near the coast, and one com- pany sent up the 1 i\cra small party, which succeedccl after ureat elforts in reachin;; a poin; near Nuclucaxctte. and winteied opposite the nmuth ol' the .ureat Tauana. In the foll<»winj;sprin,n, when the traders of th" Hudson 15ay i'omiiany |)aid tiu'ir aniiiml visit to Nucliicayette, t'si 'r ri^^lit to trade in the *• Indian country " of the I'nited Slates was ti'^ely contested, and they were informed by the Americans that any futuii' altemi)t to purchase skins within our territory would be resisted, if iiecessary, by lorce. In the spiiii^-of l.SOi), a new xcntiire '.: s projecled by capitalists in Han Francisco. It was projiosed to transiiort a small steamer upon the dock of a sailii!;4-\('ssel to sonu' jioint near the i;;outli f)f the river, and, launching' it, to ascend, if [lossible, as far as ^^)rt Yukon, tradiiii;' alon^' tlie banks. In connection with this ent"r})rise it was rej^arded as ex- tremely desirable that the ipiestion of IjUiilish ii,<;lit to trade in this portion of our t«'rritory should be delinitely scttleil; and as the re,nion in the vicinity of Fort Yukon was supposed to bt^ ix'cnliarly ricli in fiirs,it Avas also desired that the positicm of this post should be olhcially ' the re([uireil astronomical ob- servations, and the means by which they were ibrtunately overcome, will be referred to in the [)roper jdace. The collection of general information was a matter of considerable diftieulty. The Ifussians had retired from this jiart of the Territory, and tiie experience of the American tra'crs was for the most part ex- tremely limited. The chief trader was also unfortunately absent from 10 RECONNAISSANCE OF THE YUKON RIVER. Fort Yukon, his i)lrtce beinj;- lilled by an officer but lately arrived, and consequently unable to give much information. The measure of success which has attended my efforts to carry out my instructions will be shown by the following chapters. 'in the arrangement of this report the following system has been adopted : The report is divided into two parts and is accompanied by four ap- l>endixes. Part 1 is the " (ieneral Keport." It is divided into five chai)ters, as fol- lows : Chapter I. Narrative of the expedition. Chapter II. Description of the river and adjacent country. Chapter \U. The native tribes, (Chapter IV. Trade of Hudson liay Company— Buildings. Chapter V. Resources of the country. I'art II contains a description of the various observations made in the held, the methods employed in their reduction, and the results ob- tained. It is divided into four chapters, as follows: , Chapter !. Astronomical determinations. Chapter II. ^Magnetic observations. Chapter HI. IVleteorological observations — Altitude of Fort Yukon. Chapter IV. The map. The ap])endixes are distinguished by the letters A, 15, C, and I). Appendix A contains a large portion of the astronomical record, and such of tiie comi)utations, in a. condensed form, as have been thought nec(\ssary to indicate clearly the methods followed. A])])endix 11 contains the entire record and reduction of magnetic o])servations. Ai)i)endix C contains the meteorological record and thi' comi)utation of the altitude of Fort Yukon. Ap])endix D contains a table of distances on the Yukon IJiver. A map of the Yukon IJiver, from Fort Yukon to tlie sea, accompanies this report. 4i^"-') \ / y f^ 1 > ^V li T I . GENERAL UEIM)RT. / ,^i fmm.'t^itiimtimmmmmmm-- .■M \ GENERAL REPORT. CHAPTKE I. NAlUiATIVK OF THE EXPi:i>ITl()X, On the Gtli day of April, 1800, af'Com])anit;'d by Mr. .loliii J. Major, my assistant, 1 sailed from the harbor of San Francisco, on the brij? . Commodore, bonnd for the ])ort of Sitka. This vessel was to transport the employes and sn])j)lies of a new trading company to St. ^Michael's Island, in Xorton Sonnd, and she carried npon her deck a small stern- wheel steamer, abont fifty feet in lenjith, entitled the Ynkon, which was to attempt the ascent of the j^reat Kvichpak or Yidcon River. "We airived at Sitka on the l.'4th day of April, after an uneventfid voyage of eiohteen days. We remained here two weeks, and during this time, although the weather was generally unfavorable, we succeeded in obtaining a few obi-ervations to determine the errors of the chronom- eters. / At this point private 3Ii(thael Foley. Ninth United States Infantry, joined my i)arty, being ordered to report to uio for duty by Brevet ^lajor CJeneral Davis commauding the department. lie accompanied me during the remainder of the expedition. On the !)th day of ]\ray we sailed from the harbor of Sitka, ami after II stormy voyage of twelve days we arrived at Ouualaska Harbor, in the Aleutian Islands. The circumstances of the exi)edition detained us here for about two weeks, and during this time the chron )meter error was determined on several occasions. We sailed from the harl)or of Ounalaska on the 8th day of dune, e\- l)ecting to arrive at St. ^Michael's Island in about a week. The weather was, h(> we ver, generally unfavorable, and on the I'lth we encountered extensive fields of ice, which had been detached and driven off from the northern coast. To escai)e tliis danger avc were compelled to turn back several times and linally to make considerable easting in order to i)ass between the ice-fields and the coast. ]\[uch delayed l)y these obstacles, and also by a severe northwestern gale which lasted for several days, Ave arrived finally at St. .AIi<'haers Island, on the 2!Hh day of June, after a, A'oyage of twenty-four days. I shall describe this island in anoth(»r cha]>ter. It is sulficient to say here that, although the anchorage is entirely open, the island covers it from most of the i)revailing winds, and it is the nearest position to the months of the Yukon at which a vessel can lie with safety. We remained at Sc. INlichaers Island four days, making tiie necessary I)reparations for our journey nj) the river. On the 1st of July the little ,steamer Ynkon was successfully launched, and a short trial-trip gave excellent results. Sextant observations for the determination of time were nuide at this station. I left here a set of meteorological instru- ments, with whi(!h Ca])tain Iviedell. the chief trader of the station, kindly volnnteered to observe. Having obtained two large ojkmi boats, which' we loaded with su])plies and trading goods, and having constructed a small rough pilot house upon the steamer's deck, we were prei>ared for departure. Early on the H9WS ■WfH mim 14 RECONNAISSANCE OF THE YUKON RIVER. morniDg of the 4th of July, taking our boats in tow, with flags flying- ami guns firing, we started on our voyage to the upper mouth of the great river. Our party was composed as follows : Captain 13enjamiu llall. master ; John E. Forbes, engineer ; Frederick M. Smith, superin- tenileut; Ferdinand "Westdahl, chief trader; Michael Labarge, chief trader ; John Godfrey, trader ; Robert Bird, trader ; Lewis IJ. Parrott* l>asseuger; Captain Charles W. Raymond, John J. Major, Michael Foley, and two laborers. Our course lay through the narrow channel which separates the island from the main-land and along the coast for about seventj- miles. We accomplished this jiortion of our journey without much ditlicult}-, although our little vessel was hardly fitted for this sfj»rt of navigation, and early on the morning of July ~) we entered the upper mouth of the Yukon River. A native, well ac(|uainted with the lower peai'ed to them a huge monster, breathing tire and smoke. Curiosity would, however, bring tlie more daring ones to the river's bank. and. having won their contideiice by a tew Judicious jiresents, we would soon (ind our boat surnuuided by ;i score or two of noisy and excited nati\es. These jtetiple. ;ind tlie natives of tlie country generally, w ill form the -ub- ject oi a sul>se<|nent cliiipter. Throughout the trip I alternated with Mr. .Alnjor in taking notes and bearings, from whi<'h to coiistrnct a mil]* of the river, and we employed every o}»ptutunity to make observations on shore. We found tiiis duty somewhat severe, as it had to be t-ontinned throughout both da\' and night: and onr accommodations were so limited that it was ol'ten im- possible lo obtain a place in \vhi»;h to sleep wlnii mit at work'. \\'e per- severed, howevc'r, and the map which 1 have the pleasure to submit with 'thi> report is the resnli. The swarms of mos(iiuto<'s and gn;,ts which abounil on the liver ilur- ing the months of .rune and »luly proved a very serious annoyance. AVhen the b«»at was not in motion we were obliged t«) weiir face nets and gloves: and on one occasion an attenii>t to make sextant observatiy the superintendent of the company; and Labarge started r>n a canoe Journey down the river lor a tempoiary visit to 8t. ^lichacl's. Our party remaiiu'd at l\»rt Adams two days, landing sii])j>lies and making necessary re])airs; and licrc a variety of observations wi-re ob- tained. We left Fort Atlams on the I'ttli. About seventeen miles above the station, we i»assetl Xiiehieayetteand the month oftlie TaiujUii Iviver. the waters of which increase the current ot the Yukon for a eoiisiderable distance. From this point the river gradually narrows, and its banks increase in height: and we l(>arned, from these iiKlications. tliiit we were, gradually ap[»i'oaehing tli(> IJampart 3Iountains. and the lapids. of wliosi^ dangers we liad heard so niueli from the nati\ cs below. About no(»n on tiie 'J~>\\i we ;irriv(d at the entrance of these rapids, iind, altei' taking on a good sup[»ly (»l" wood, we i>assed tlirougli tiK'ui witliout great dilli- cnlty. although the channel is nanow and the current i itns with great rapidity. After passing this point. W( met with no further obstiicles. althou.u' the shidlowness of the upper p(.rli(Ui of the river, and the great velocity of rh«' curi'cnt in many phices, rendered our Vv)yaging extremely slow. On the 'Mst of ,Iu!y. at 4 p. ni., we arrived at Fort Yukon, thus suc- cessfully terminating the lirst Journey by steam evt'r made on the Yu- kon IJiver. The time of actual travel, including stoppages tor wood, was twenty-three days, juid the distance passed over about one thou- sand and forty sintute niiles. At Fort Yukon, iiotwjinstanding the sununvhat uni>leasant character of our errand, we were cmdially welcomed by ]Mr. John Wilson, the agent of the Hudson Bay Com)»any at the station, and by the Bev. 31r. Bnnipus, a missionary of the Church of England, lately airived from Fort .Simpson, on the ]Macken/ie Kiver. yiv. Major and I weresi)eedily established in one of the comfortable log buildings which cianpose the fort, Avhile the renminproxinmte determination of our geograph- ical position without delay, in order that my companions might make their arrangements accordingly, and carry back the intbrmation to the ■a'i'NMtJMMM iMi WFt^ B 16 RECONNAISSANCE OF TFIE YUKON RIVER. coast. A Wd'n'-k of uutavoiiibli' weather entirely i)revente«l us froui ob- tainiiijr suatsiWe observations; but on the 7th of Auermissio3ii 1 had consented temporarily to represent the Treasury De- ]>artnient. rtatd under the instructions of that I>ei)artment, on the !>th of Aujjust, M 12 UK, I notitied the representative of the Hudson Bay ('om- pany tli;n tlit'- stutiou is in the territory of the United States ; that the introduc-nou of trading' j;oods, or any trade l>y foreigners with the natives, is ille.ual. ami nuist cease; and that the Hudson Bay Company must vacate ihe loMtMin^rs as soon as practicable. 1 then took possession ot the bnildiiii^'> and raiseil the 1la<»' of the United States over the fort. Early on ihn"- taornin.u- of August 10 the steamer started on her return tri]) down jlie rtvcr. leaving ]\Ir. AVestdahl and ^NFoses in charge of the tra»iiui;ed. was occasioned by the freezing of the tributaries near their sonnies, and it was regarded as an indication that the season was near its cIhus**-. We reluctantly cr sjiwiii from s[uuce drift-logs. She was calked with rags, and linally cixMn'^l tBiickly with pitch. Moses called her the "Eclipse." On tlie rvenHttg of the L'Oth she was completed, and we placed her in the waier. Ifasneuiug her with a strip of nujose-hide. On the next day we intciidttl to dismantle our observatory, and toward evening begin oni' jonrmy. lint in the morning we discovered that the hungry dogs of the sTaiaoti had eaten the jiu)ose-skin fastening, ami our boat had started o^ on an independent voyage to the coast. A i>ursuit was im- mediately amisKBtnted, ami toward evening the i)arty returned, bringing with theiii lEie Eclipse, in a somewhat dilapidated comlition. In excuse for the -.'t'^Sv it o'aoidd be added that they are fed but once a week during the sBuumer. Tivis lijtk- amdent was the occasion of some delay ; but on the 28th of .Vngust, at 4 p. ui., we finally left the fort. The i)arty t'onsisted of ]Mr. Major. l*rBvate Foley, and myself, and two natives, who had been brought uj» fr\>Ba Xuhito, and were to accompany us as far as that place. AVe wert^ oWe^hI to leave our observatory tents and some of our instru- ments, to l»e stent down at the first convenient opportnnity. We took with us, h">vrever, a small .V tent, which had been used as a magnetic obscr\»ator\ , For provisions we had a ham, a small piece of bacon, and a little harcUaek, and about twenty-five pounds of '" nn)ose pemmican," a very s»*aT*i»nal>le present from Mr. Wilson. This pemmicau is an arti- cle of ix>usiiterable importance amrng the traders of the Hudson Bay RKCOXXAISSANCE OF THE YUKON RIVER. 17 Coinpsmy, and well dosorves a doscriptioii. 3Ioo.se (or any otlior) meat is carefully and tliorou^'ldy dried in the sun, and then i)()uiuled to a powder. Tlie sinews haviii;;' l)een picked out, it is ])laced in a tijj^lit buckskin ha.u', and boilini;' I'at is ])tjnred on it. ^larrvjw is preferrol. The hi\<>; is then tasten(Mland])ressed witli a heavy weiu'lit. In cookin;^' it, a small [jortion is ]»laced w'tli a little water in a l'ryin,u'-])an over a brijiiit tire, and a little salt is added when it can be obtaim^d.* I>y ;d)- sorbin,u' Avater it increases to at least twice its former bulk, and a hand- ful will make a hearty nu^d for one man. AVhen ])ro]>erly prei)ared, it iias an a.L:,reeable taste. We found it admirably adai)ted to i»ersons workinf;' Jiard and recjuirin^i,' stron.u' food. In addition to the ])rovisions mentioiuMl ^\^^ had a su[iply of tea, the universal drink (»i' travelei's of every description in this country. Our journey down the river was too monotonous to retpiire much de- scription. A\'e lelt the necessity of tra\'elin,tember .">, we entered the rapids. They vrere covered with a dense white fo.u,', but this lifted before we came to the nu^st dangerous part, and wc were enabled to pass in safety. About 7 j). m. on the same day we arrived at Fort Adams. We fonnd Ivobert alone in chai'.u'c of the station. He inlbrmed us that the steamer had come (hnvn from Fort Yukon to this point in one ein,i;-, of course, obli^ved to run ahead of the current, she had lescended with ,ureat rapidity. I'rom this ])i)int the Journey up the river Imd consumed seven da.s.-i. AVe remained here until the e\ eniny' of the next day, as our boat was sadly in need of repairs. ITavin,!;' (»btained a supply of provisions, we a.uain started, and, after tra\'elin<;' four th\\:\ and a half, arrived at Xulatoal>out noon on the Sth. Here we expected to find Anu'rican traders, and also to obtain a ji'ood boat: but no boat could be ]»rocure(l, and the traders had fione to ^t, 3richacrs, leaving' the station in (.'har.i;'e of a nati\e. Our Jndians could not be persuaded to accomi)any us farther, nor could others be obtained, and, iifter a delay of an hour or two. we started a.uain, somewhat dis- consolately, in our battered and leaky boat, with our force seriously weakened, and the most laborious part of our journey still before us. On the JL'th, at about t p. m., a sudden turn brou.uht us to Hall's Kapids. A strong breeze blowing against the current made this jtortiou of the river very rough. ^Suddenly, and almost without notice, our l)oat was swept into the ra])ids, and it was only by great exertions that we were al>le to reach the shore in safety. This last trial was almost too much for the Eclii>se. She was uow very nearly a wreck. Never- theless, not being in a condition to choose, we rechnbarked early the next morning, one man bailing and the two others at the oars, and, swiftly jiassing the rapids, worked our way slowly down the ri\er. At t p. ni. we pulled the Eclipse, uow thoroughly useless, u])on the shore Jiear Anvic, where 1 presume she still leniains, uidess the process of disintegration has at length been completed. At Anvic we found Mr. John Clark iu charge of the station, and also our old friends, John Godfrey and Kobert Bird, the trappers. We en- S. Ex. 12 2 mm am r-mr 18 KEC0X^•AIs.•^A^"Cl: of tiil yukon riveu. (loavorcd to obtain lioro oiio of the lai.uc iiati\o soal-skiii l>oats. calh'd "baidanas," ami soiiu' Indians; but ibc season Avas so I'ar adwuK-cd that the natives were afraid to atteini>t the .journey down tlic rixer and ah)uj>' tlie eoast, a state of alfairs wbich '^■y\i' us not a little anxiety. On (juestioninji' the ohi eliief of tin- villa.uc, lio\ve\t'r, 1 ascertained that the Indians are aeeustonied occasionally, in the summer, to ascend the Auvic IJiver, (which, at sonu' Tcat bend toward the coast.) to a point near its head-waters, and cross by a tolerable portaji'e to the native village of Ikikiktoik, situated on Norton Sound, aljont eighteen miles north of St. ]\Iichaers Island. But it was feared that an ascent of tlie river would prove im])racticable so late in the season : and 3[r. Clark, being a new-comer to tins ])art of the country, was nnable to advise me, altbougli la; promptly volunteered to accom])any me if I should decide to nuike the attempt. This being a[)itarently the only avenue of escape, I did not hesitate long. ]Mr. Clark went energetically to work, iuid in a few hours had procured si.x birch- bark canoes and a sufhcient number of Indians. At i p. m. on the llth avc left Anvic. Our journey up the river was extremely sIom . AVe were obliged to ^wh' the canoes all the way. on account of the shallowness of the uater and tlu' great rapidity of the current. AVe were somewhat delayed l)y frequent injuries to our l»oats: but the bircli-l)ark canoe is easily and (piickly repaired. Our Indians, not fancying hard Avork, were often quite anxious to leave our service, in most cases taking an informal dei>arture during the night ; but Ave managed to keep our force pretty well recruited by a system of mild conscription ori the native villages along the river. On the evening of the 14th Ave nmde an unpleasant discover}". The larger ]»ortion of our provisions, Avhich Ave supposed safely packed in one of the canoes. haird to send us supplies for fiA e days. Our messenger overtook us on the evening of the next day. He brought a note from liird. saying that he could m)t make out Mr. Clark's ••handwrite," but he presumed Ave Avanted something to eat. The provisions accompanying this epistle consisted of about sui'licient hard-tack for a single meal, Avhich Ave i)roceeded to eat upon the spot, nmking up our mimls to live upon the country there- after. Fortunatelv Ave had plentv (»f tea. On the cA-ening of the ISth Ave arrived at a large A'illage. AN'o Avere received Avith great kindness by the chief, ami comfortably installed in the best house, Avhich he vacated for our accommodation. He informed us that, on account of the shallowness of the ri\er, it would be impos- sible for us to reach the entrance of the portage by Avat(.'r. We Avere deternuned, however, to go on as far as ])ossible. We nmde a hearty meal on tish, seasoned Avith gun])owder. and spent a very comfortable night at the village. On the next moiiiing, having exchanged our canoes for a large skin '^ baidarra," drawing somewhat less Avater, Ave resumed our journey. The chief accompanied us at his own desire. Previously Ave had had considerable rain, but on this day the Aveather Avas delightful. A\'e Avorked our Avay along Aery slowly until night, the A\-ater becoming more and more shalloAv. At dark Ave Avent into camp, and an examina- tion of the river from the shore proAcd further progress by boats im- ]»ossible. AVe Avere noAv about fifty miles from the riAcr's mouth, and i»robal>ly about tAventy miles from the portag<', and Ave had to choose l>etween two courses. AVe could easily return to Auvic and winter at that place, ■^ S RECONNAISSAXCI: OF TIIi: YUKON KIVKR. 19 \ or w(.' coiiUl attempt to cross the countiy in a diioct line to Ikikiktoik, on the (.'oa.st. The lirst course seemed out of the (luestion, since the stiiti(»u was ]U()\ isioiicd lor only three im-n. On the other hand, a ]>orta^e across an nne\i»h»red country ot an extremely dilhetilt character, known to be intersected Avith mountain ran^^'cs, uecessitatiiiiL;' a de- ])en(h'nce ])iinci|»al]y upon the rivers for our supply of food, ^vliieh nii,uht he cut oil' in a moment by a sudch'u clianye of weather, ap]>eared cfpially imi)racticabh'. After miu-h anxious discussion, it Avas linally (k'terniined to kccji on. and not to turn back uidess it slu)uld l)ecome absolutely necessary. Durin;^' the ni^ht there was a violent rain-storm. In the mornin;;' we ])acked everything;' which it was necessary to carry on the backs of the linlians. Wc abandoned our tent and such othei- articles as were not absolutely rcfpiircd, and. under the gnichiuce of the chief, be^an our journey. Our course lay lirst over a }*entle ascent covered with pines and thick underbrush, which much impeded our pro;;ress. After an houi's travel we roAisions there only renuiiiied a small piece of ham, which Ave had carefully laid aside while on the river, to be used when lish could not be obtained. This we divided, the ration consisting- of a tiiin piece about the size of a half-dollar. Fortunately avc Avere able to recruit exhausted nature with unlimited tea, although Ave had been for sc\-eri>.l days Avithout sugar. It may appear strange that Ave did not bring tish Avith us from the river, l)ut they could not have been obtained Avithout delay; ami avc Inul underestimated the distance to the second crossing of tile .Vnvic liiver, Avhere avc .^uitposed we could obtain an al»undant su]»ply. On the next morning avc made an early start, Avithout breakfast. Ascending the iirst range of hills we ])assed OA'cr a divide, and early in the afternoon avc began to descend into the Aalley beyond. As the A'alley lirst came in Aiew. a welconu' sight greet( I our eyes. It Avas the smoke of a cami)-ended great sides of reindeer meat. During our dav's journev wc had seen niauv herds of reindtu'r feeding on the hills, but avc could not sjjare time to hunt them. On approaching the hut Ave found that it Avas the habita- tion of one of the natives of the coast. Eai'iier in the seasou he had l>enctrati-d to this valley to hunt, but, having been seized Avith a severe attack of rheumatism, he had been <'omi)elled to remain later than usual, until his friends should come for him. His Avife Avas with him. Tpon intjuiry we found that he Avas a brother of "Xew Year's,'" and, 1 believe, nearly related to "Hungry" and "Lunchy," all Indians celebrated in the anmdsof th(> telegraph company's ex])loiations. lie begged so earnestly for '■'Anunican medicine" that avc had not the heart to refuse him, although Ave had nothing ol' that character except a Seidlitz ])oAvder. AVe gave him the <'ontents of the blue pajier, ami. to our astonishment, he soon declared that he felt much l)etter. At this camp Ave feasted to our hearts' content. Xew Year's brother nnist generously told us to take all the nu'at we Avished. rel'using any compensation. "\N'e decided to renuiin here during this tlay, and pre- ])are ])rovisions for the rest of the journey. The meat not having been drieil, Ave could not nmke "pemnncan," Init Ave j^repareda sidvstitute for it in the following Avay : The meat was thoroughly boiled, and then cut into Acry small pieces. These Avere ]>laced in a bag and boiling grease poured oAcr tliem. The whole Avas tlien pressed t ightly into t lie f ma 1 20 RECONNAIWSAXCE OF THE YUKON RIVER. ost possible space. This Monl'e\v Year's brotlnr, a little toi>oj>rai)lii<'al slvetcli of the countiy, wliicli was very uselul to us, and proved wonderfully correct. On the morning ol' .Se])teiiiber 2l.'d we again brolce cam]), and began the ascent of the range of liills on liie west side of the valley. Vvom this point tlie timl»er entirely disappears, except a little low brush near the Avater-courses. The nights had now bcfKiiU' cold, and, in order to find a ca)np where brush-wood could be obtained, it was necessary to reach the second crossing of the Anvic Ifrver. We ]>assed over two ranges of high hills, alternately i»lunging through a thick, wet moss, and stundiling over rough stones. At 8 p. m. we linally arrived at the Anvic iJiver, almost (lead with fatigue. On the last range of hills Foley's strength completely failed him. ICarly in the march his shoes had become unscr\iceable, and he was tililiged to substitute for them moose-skin jnoccasins; conse(iuently. his feet had been severely bruisetl. JEe made a great effort to kee]> on, but, being taken with vomiting, he declared that hec(»nld go no farther. AN'e made him a bed on the hill-side, and then went on down to the riM-r, where the light of a distant camp- jfire assured us that assistance and food conhl be obtained. On our ar- rival at the river we found a temi>orary tlshing-cam]>. occupied by Coast Indians. A party was immediately sent back with toed and I'nel to Toley, and he arrived safely at the camp about noon on the next da\ . .Vt tills camp we found plenty of provisions. "We obtained here a few reindeer tongues, which are Justly considered a great delicacy. A\'e re- mained at this camp until about 1 jt. n). Having ])roUted a good deal by this rest, we started with renewed spirits on our Jouiiiey. AVe as- cended the liilLs on the west of the Anvic A'alley. and wIkii we reached the summit we saw w ith delight the broad exi»anse of Xorton Sound in the distance. AVe then deseended into the valley of the (_lolsova llichka, and at sunset we arrived at the little river. AVading it, we went into camp on its western bank. On the next morning we made an early start, as there is no fuel and no place suitable for a camp between the Clolsova and the coast, and it was therefore necessary to conclude opr Journey in one day. We first passed over a low range of hills boi'dering the river. Our Journey then lay over an almost level country, with the excei>tion of a high hill near the coast, which we crossed to avoid swamps. TraA'cl in this part of the country is extremely diflicult. The ground is covered Avith hunnnocks ami deep moss, and it is nearly all a swam[). Through this terrible region we lloundered until eight o'clock in the evening, when our troubles were terminated by our safe arrival at Ikikiktoik. This was pci'haps our most fatiguing day's Journey. "We traveled al)out twent^\ miles through a country which, under any cir- cumstances except those of actual necessity, might Avell be called im- passable. At Ikikiktoik wo expected to find plenty of natives and boats, and we intended to conclude our journey to St. Michael's Island on the same night. Unfortunately, however, we found the village temporarily de- serted. But one native reumined — a sick man — and one small boat, capable of carrying only one person. We were therefore comi)elled to spend the night here. We had eaten the last of our provisions, suppos- ing our Journey to be i)ractically ended : but, fortunately, one of the Indians had killed a rabbit as we were entering the village. With this, RECONNAISSANCE OF THE YUKON KIVEK. 21 and soiiK' sca-wator. wo made a soup, which \vc fancied delicious, us we had not tasted s;dt tbi' luore than a week. Early th<' next nu)rning I (lispatched a niessen;j;ei- to St. Miehael's Island with a re(|uest for assistance, and about ni;;htfall the superin- tendent of the company, Captain Ijinis, arrived with a whale I)oat ami a l)ountiful supply of provisi(rns, ami transported us to the ship. Thus vuih'd our eventful and. in sonu> respects. uni>leasant Journey. On the L'Tth of Septemher tiu' Commodore .sailed for San I'raueisco. On the od of Octol)er W(> arrived at the Jslaiul of St. (Jeorye, and here we obtained the first lU'W s which we had received from thecix ili/ed world for about si.v months. On the (itli of 0(.'tober we arrivi'd at Ounalaska Island, where we were l;tee, durin,:;' which we experienced a succession of severe j.;ales in JU'liiiu-i Sea, and, imieeil, unfa\'orable weather all the way. brou.uht us at lenyth to San Franciseo, Avhere we arrived on Xo- vendter (Ith. exactly se\-en months from the tinu' of our dei>arture. CHAI'TKR II. DESClJirXiON OF THE KIVER ASD AIMACENT COL'^vTKV. The .iireat Yulvon IMver. tlie largest .stream emi>t\ in,u' on the western coast of America, is sujtiiosed to take its vise a]tproximately in latitude .'iS'^ 31' north and lonuitude l.'JP oO' we.st. At its lieiul-waters it is known as the Taheo Jvi\ cr, and it is said to have been A'isit(^d many years api by the traders ami tra])pers of the Hudson J^ay Territory. The northernmost ]»oint of the river is at Fort Yukon, where it makes a sudden and decided bend toward the southwest. The little that we kndw concernin.u' this [xirtion of the Yukon is derived IVom the accounts of Ketcham ami Labar.ne and^lichael IJy rues, (?•/-■?<.' Introduction. ]>a,i;'es 7 and ?>.) and various rei)orts of Indians. A^liich establish the i(h'ntity of the Taheo IJiver ami tlie Yukon. Tlie _u'eneral direction of the river from its head waters to Fort Yukon is supposed to be about northwest. The leu;ith of this ]>ortion of the river must be at least one thousaml miles. From Lake Labar|ii-e (about latitud*^ (!P 4.")' iiorth and loniiitude loo- oW Avest) to Fort Yukon it is called the Eewis Ki\er. Just below the lake a tributary enters from the south. Fron^ i^^s head- waters the Indian tribes inliabitin,u' the vicinity are accu.stonu u to nndc(> a porta,uv to the head-waters ol the Chilcat, [U'oC( edin,u via the latter river to Sit^a for i»urposes of trade. Proltably the lar.ue^'l" tributary of the Yukon above I'^ort Yukon is the Felly, which enters the nmin river I'roin the east, approximately in lati- tude 0."J" north and lon.ii'itiule lotP 40' west. At its mouth the Hudson Bay Comjiany forn\erly had a tradin.ci-station. called Fort Selkirk, which was destroyed by Imlians in the year IS.jl, and since that time has remained unoccupied. This portion of tlie river is described as ilowing, with an extremely rapid current. throuj>h a mountainous country. Fort Yukon, situated in latitude 00^ iVS' 47" north ami lon.uitu'de 1^'P 17' 47" west, is the highest point which my expedition reached. Here the Y'ukon receives the waters of the IJat, or I'orcupine, a large tribu- tary, emptying on the right baidc, and tiowing from its head-waters in a general direction a little south of west. From Fort Yukon to the month of the Chetaut Kiver, a distance of 22 RECOXXAI.'j.SANXE OF TIIH YTKON KIVKK. i V about twoLu3]«in-il mile?*. nwasiiriMl aloii;:;' tlic ints heiiif;' only about one hundretl and til'ty miles. The (xtnuitry on l>«>rh sides ot' the liNcr is h»\v and le\el. usually eonsi.xtinj; <»f isaiicl or ;^ravel. Tiie avera,i;e widtii ol' tlie river is altuut tlircc-l'uurths of a unilo'.brit in .sonic ]ila('es, nieasurinj;' across its numer- ous islands, it wiJetiis out t(» tivc or siv miles. Tiu' ('Ui'rent throu;;h all its i»assa;ics is t-xtrt-oiidy rai»id. and in many places the best ehannel is not moic than tltrifi? feet in (leptli. The \e,uctatiou on the baidis and islands is ]triMci|iiiiIly a ehaparral of\sillt)\v and i»oi»lar, with oeeasiunal firoves ol"s]»ni.'one of these rivers sieeni to lie of nunh importance, with the exeejttion of the Chetaut, which Isas fRvri as<'cnded foi a few ndlcs and tbund to abound in lish and yaia»-. There are no native villn.u'es on this portion of the river. f. From tLc iij,n'e rise close to the water's cduc. They arc conipos(-tiWice scattered in every direction. sht)v, ing the small depth to Avhk-h their r»)ots attain in the frozen ground ami the great force of the "ivinitrr winds. From the Chttaot liiver to the liampart IJapids, a distance of some .sixty miles, tht" general direction is about southwest. The river aver- ages about twio-tSiirds of a mile in width, but at the rajiids the widtli does not excen.-*.! itLif' hundred and fifty yards. The ti'il)utariesemi)tying into this iM>itioii! of the river are, I'nnn the north, the Atonisonik. and, from the sowth. the Ynkiichargut or AVhymper l'i\ cr. Neither is im- portant. The first ij;«itive village met Avitli in descending the river is >itnated on the right " '■ . just I»elow the IJampart IJapids. It is ocenjiied by Senati. an le, whose permanent home is probably in the \i»:inity of Fort Yukon, but who have established them- selves in this \*\mf*' for the pur[»ose of fishing. It is indicated on my jnap as Seijati'?« Village. From the Kaiaparts to Xulato, a distance of some two hundred and forty njiles. the liver has a general direction about west by south. There are. however, many bemls, altin)ugh these are less sudden and uumcrons than in the other portions of the river. After lea\iu« th«? Kampart gorge, the stream widens and the current diminishes in lajmlity. The right bank is for the most ]>art hilly, and on the left, akhoagh this shore is generally low and flat, hills and Iduffs occasionally lis*- close to the water's edge. The channel, as a general rule, runs elo*** to the right bank, a remark which holds good for all that portion of the river below the Eamjiarts. The average widtli is about tbree-fonrth* of a mile. ^S^ow and then islands are encountered, but for the mtn^t pjirt the stream is open and the channel plain. This iMjrtkm of the river, in my opinion, far suri)asses all other i)arts 1 1 IJECONXAISSANCE OF THE YCKON UIVKR. 23 III iiatiirnl Ixsuity. Alfoiit tit'ly iiulcs Im-Iow I'oit A. Tlie ri,i;lit haiilc of the river is well rimheicd witli spnico, jxtplar. and l>ireli. Tlie |nineii»al roel;s of this ]»art of the river are slate and sandstone. Some of the sandstone Iilulfs are very remarkable in appearance, (}nart/ is found, and occasionally .uranite. I examined a specimen of bituminous coal which w(! obt;iined on this [tart of the river, li is of .U'ood (piality, luit the seam is very limited in extent. The )U'iiicipal tributaries emi>tyin,n' into this ].,(i't of the ri\'er are as follows : J''rom (he north, tlieTosekar,uiit,Xewchuklikar;j;ut,>.'ewikarjn'nt, .Melozekaryut, and the Knyukiik: from the south, the Taminfi, Atutsa- kulakush(!liar^'iit. Yukokar,L:ut, and the Ivnknyukuk. The termination h'((r(ji(t 01" ClKd'i/Hl si;;'nilies, in tin; native dialct, a little stream. Some of these "little streams," nevertheless, are larj;e and imi)ortant rivers, populated by many Iiidiau tribes, and na\ i.uable for a considerable distance. Cliief amonu' all these rivers in iiiiportaiice, size, and beauty — chief, indeed, amoii^' all the tributaries of the Yukon — stands the yreat Tanaiii'i, "the river of The mountains."' It empties into the Yukon about thirty miles below the l{am[)arts, and its ra[>id ^vaters increase the current of the main river for a lonj;' distance. Oidy a few miles from its mouth have been traveled by white men. It apparently comes from the southeast; but it is believed tli.it manv miles above the ex- idored i)ortion it makes a ,!;reat bend from the east, its sources lying near the L'i)per Yukon. At the mouth of the Tanaini is the trading ground called Nuelu- (;ayette, -where the Indians inhabiting t' j banks of this tributary are accustomed to congregate in the spring. About se\'enteen nules below, and on the right bank of the Y'ukoii, at the mouth of the Tasekargut IJiver, is the American trading-station called Toit Adams. The prin- cipal trading villages between this point and Xulato are Chokoyik, Xewikargut, aiul Sakadelontin. .V mile abo^ e the old Iiussian Ibrt at Xulato, (now abandoned,) there is an Anierican trailing-station. From X'ulato to Andreavsky, an abandoned Ifussian trading-station, .situat<'d about three linndre*! and lifty miles below the lirst-named jtlace, the liver has the following a]tproximate directions: From Xulato- to Anvic, south-sonthwest; from Anvic to the upper entrance of the Shagelook Slough, sonth-sontheast: from theujiper entranceof the Shage- look Slough to the (Ircat Bend, southwest; frend to Andreavsky, west by south. It is diificnlt to convey an idea of this portion of the river, its numerous windings, its thousand islands, its bars and shoals, ever changing and shifting, bal'lling the traveler in his search for the channel, (lenerally speaking the right bank is high, ex- hibiting many bluffs of sand and rock, formed by tlie ice torrents in the spring. In this connection 1 may mention a rapid change which is going on here and in many other parts of the river. The ice undermines the high banks sometimes to a distance of twenty or thirty feet. On the projecting tops of the banks there are nsually many trees. These, loos- ened by the action of frost and water, are soon precipitated into the stream beneath ; and thus the river goes on Avidening and shoaling, while immense q^' Mitities of drift-wood are sent down to the sea. Some- times the right ba .k rises into high hills; again it falls away to rolling ground, and occr.jionally to tlats. The left bank is low and level. Here 24 RECONNAISSANCE OF THE YUKON KIVEK. I I yi;. ill and there, however, small hills are seen staniling back a Diile or two liom the vater, and for nearly the whole dlstauee a range of distant mountains ]>arallel to this shore is Aisible. In these mountains lie the sources of the great ri\er Kuskokvim. Tlic sandstones and slates (-(ni- tinue throughout this portion of the river, but on the lower i>art a darl; volcanic rock makes its appearance. Ik'tween a point near Andreavsky and the sea no rocks ^vcre observed. The hills on the I'iglit banlc are generally well covered with spruce and ]ioplar, occasionally intermin glcd with a little birch. Owing to the coldness of the winter clima'.c. these trees do not usnally grow to a great size; the left bank and the islands arc generally covered with chaparral of willow and alder. This portion of the ri\er has few tributaries of suflicient size to reipiirc notice, althougli there are many small si reams, entering usually iVom the north. The ]>rincipal tri!)utaries from the north are the Takaitski, the Anvic, and the Koiinekova or Clear JJiver. The Takaitski eiu])ties into the Yukon about lilty miles below Xulato. It abounds in Jish, and it is said that many Indians dwell upon its banks. The Anvic enters the Yukon about one hundred and sixty nules below Kulato. It is ilie only tributary of the great river which 1 ha^"e ascended for any considerabk' distance. It has its source in the mouidain langes which run ]»aral]el to the sea-coast; runs from its head-waters in a Viortherly direction foi about twelve miles, and then, making a long regular bend to the east and south, flows generally in a southerly direction uuiil it reaches the nudn river. Its baidcs are often high and steep. The hills of the right baidc of the Yulcon turn at Anvic and tbllow tlit; lelt banlc of this ri\er up to the point where it mal;es its great bend away !Vom the coast. Its very shallow Avaters run with great velocity. It is, in a word, through- out nearly its whole extent a torrent. This ri\"er is traxcled somewhat in summer l)y hulians, who occasionally rc;icli iis head-waters and liiake iirun thence a portage to the coast. The Ivornekova IJiver enters the Yuicon about one hundred and eighty miles below Anvic. At its mouth it is about live hundred ya.rds in width. an Yukon from the south. the Kaiyuh and the Shagelook. The mouth of the Kaiyuh lii\er is said to be situated about forty miles below ;N'u1ato. It was not noted in our itinerary, and 1 have no inlbvnm- tion concerning it. Al)out one hundreoiiit about twenty-two miles below ^Vndreavsky, se])arate,s into its mouths. The A])hoon outlet is iihout forty miles in len^^th, and lias an average •svidtli of ])erhai)s one-third of a mile. Its banks are low and tlat, and are eovered with chai)arral of alder ami willow. This outlet enters the sea approximately in north latitude Oo^ 10' and west longitude 104^. I>esides Nulato. the IJussian Amcrieaii Comjiany fin'merly had trading- stations at the ]\Iission. (two hundred and lifty miles below yulato,) p, Andrea^sky, and Coallick, (near the eoast.) With the exeeption of the ^Mission, where there is an American tr uling-station, these points a'e now abandoned. There is also an American trading-station at Anvie. The principal nati\'e villages situated on the main river between >«'u- lato and the sea. in the order named, are as follows: U[)])er IvahUog. Kahltog, Lower Kahltog. Jlultulkakur, Tagutalcal^a, 3[usi;oietaka, An- vie, 3Ia!aigaiiiute. liigelcasagmi, Xuiiaikaguiurde, Kuyilvaniulipuk. l];ak laguuite, RochkogaMinte, Vul^agamute, Chulcehulcanuite, Tlatekamute. and Ankachaganiulv. On the Aii\ic lliver three villages were noted. One of them is called Anemuk. The names of the others were n'U ascertained. Frc^in the u]>per mouth of the Yukon to IJedoubt St. IMicliael's the traveled way lies along the eoas<^. It is a. distance of about tifty-livc miles to tlie s(mt!iwest extremity of St. ^lichael's Island, doing Ihrongli a narrow ])assage Vx'twceu the islands and the ituiiu-laiid. about fifteen miles in length, we linally arrive at the anchorage off "the redoubt." , This passage is known as " the canal.'' ScNcral streams emi)ty into ]Sorton Sound, lutween the ui>]>cr montli ,'h- of the Yukon and St. ^lichael's Island. There are also several native at '. villages on this ])art of tlie coast, wliieh weie tcini)orari]y unoceuitied at iid I ^ the time of oui^isit. Tiie coast is low and liat, but liacic a few miles from the sea are se\eral parallel ranges of hills. An idea of tlu' country 'y back of the coast may, iierliaps, lie ol»tained IVom a brief descri|>lion of li- the ground whicli we passed o\'er in our portage from the .\n\ic l{i\-ei It to the sea. rs I'or alior.t twenty miles IVom \\\v coast tlie country is Hat, s\\am]i\ . h. and tilled with standing jiools. Close to the coast, howe^('r, there arc a lew isolated hills of volcanic character, There is no timber. A little <•>> brush grows around the jiools. and the remainder of the country is cov- in- erey b) their \ery to])s. jleyoiul this, however, timber begins . .to appear. The eastern side of the next range of hills is thickly covered with sju'uce, poplar, and close underlirush. I'assing these hills, and through a valley about eight miles in w idtli. we cross a narrow belt of rising ground, and linally descend again to the banks of the Anvie. * St. Michaers Island is situated in latitude (>;P 28' north and longitude IGl^ oL" 2S'' west, and is se])arated only by a narrow channel from the main-land. It is about seventeen miles long and thirteen miles wide. At the northeast extremity there is a point of land on which are situ- ■26 RIXONXAISSANX'E OF THE YUKON RIVER. ;ite(l the l)uil(lin^'.seyond the low gronnd are two low hills. Thei-e are no trees on the island. Wood i'ov fuel is obtained iVom the drift-timber bron.uht down l»y the Ynkon in the sprin^^'. J>ireetly west of St. ^liehaers, and at no great ♦listanee, is Stuart's J land, which is of about tlie same size and has the same gr'neral eharacteiisties as the former. 1 have now conehuh'd the account of that portion of the A'ul^on IJiver territory which 1 have jM'rsoiially vi>^ited. Tlnn'e are, however, soun* adjacent portions of the country which are well known from the frequent journeys which have been made across them, and a few remarks on these [)ortaji;es will not be ina])]»ro])riate. About forty nules northeast of St. ^lichael's Islaiul the IJnalachleet Tiiver eniyities into Xorton Sound. Its uvneral direction from its heatl- waters, which are some tifty miles from the coasi, is about southwest. At its month was formerly situated an important trading-station of the TJussian company, now ai)andoned. TIms river is niivigable for small l)oats for a considerable distance. The Kussians. and in later years the •explorers of the Western Union Telegraph Company, were accustomed to travel to Xulato by asceiuling the river, either by boats or on the ice. according to the season of the year, as far as the luitive village of Ulukuk, whence they luide a portage to the Yukon, concluding the Journey on that river. The winter i)ortage from I'luknk has, for about fourteen miles, a g(Mi- eral direction about east-southeast to the Vesolia Soi)ka, (•' ('heerful ^lountain,") which forms the termination of the Ulukuk Ifills. The route to this point lies principally across an almost level country, with hillocks here and there, and occasional clum[)s of low willows. It is intersected by small streams emptying into a branch of the Unalachleet I'iver. Urom the N'esolia So])ka the portage has a general direction of about northeast, and it terminates on the right bank of the A'ukon, a few miles below Jvahltog. The distance is about lift; miles. This i)or- tion of the route traverses sparsely wood"d hills, and beyond these a low country, bordering a marsh called r)ea\('r Lake: then o\( r the tlaidcsof sonu' high hills, beyond which lies the Yukon. This brief description is drawn ii'om ^Ir. Dall's account of his explorations. The summer ]iortage from Ulukuk is ahuig the valley of a braiu-h of I he Unalachleet JJiver. in a southeasterly (lirection, and reaches the Yuk'on at Vakutskalitnik. a i)oint about eighty miles below Xulato. 1 ha\'e spoivcn before of the jxirtage from tlu' head-waters of tln^ Anvic JJiver to the coast. .V i)oriage from the head-waters of the (Jolsova liichka to the nn)utli ol'the Anvi(.' ]{iver, indicated on tlu' nuip of Lieu- tenant Zagoskin, of the Jfiissian navy, seems to me extrenu'ly doubtfid. The llussians formerly had a station called Kedoubt Kobnakotf, on the Kuskokx im liivcr, which is south of the Yukon, and emi)ties into lU'hring Sea. in apj^roximate latitude OO'^ north and longitude iCil*^ west. From this river tliey were accustouu'd to cross to the Yukon, striking the latter about six miles below the ^lission. For the following description 1 am indebted to Mr. Zandt, a tradei", who ma«le the Journey in the sunnner of the year 18(tl), and kindly fur- nished me with a sketch of the country. The general direction of the route, starting from the Jvuskokvim, is about northwest. The Journey commences by the ascent for about live nnles of a snmll river called tbo 3Iahkahsatule. A short portage of half a mile is then made to Lake HECONNAISSANCE OF THE YUKON RIVER. 27 a Kuklaclckulita, which is about one milo iu leiiA'tli. Tlii.s lako is crossed, and a portajii,' of throe-foiirtlis of a mile over a swainpy ])laiii covered Avitli bircli leads to another lake, which is a little larger than the lirst, and constitutes one of the sources of the Kuichavak IJiver. Crossin.!"' this lake and desceiulin,u' tiie Kuichavak for about seven niile.^, the route ascends one of its branches called Oukahkl to a lake of the same name. This lake is about two miles in width. A small stream connects it with the next lake, which is called Koulakh, and is the largest in the chain. Froni Lake Koulakh a short jtorrage is made to Lake riiilikh-Tulik, which is soHU'what snudler than the Ibregoing. A portage of one mile from this lake over low pine-clad hills leads to the Talbiksokli liiver, which is desceiuled for about eight miles to its junction with the Yukon. The country surrounding the lakes is generally low ami swampy. The journey from the Kuskokvim l{iver to the :Missiou can be made by rapid traveling in two davs. The distam-e is estimated at Jifty-iivo miles. From tl^e juoulh of the Kuskokvim to the Mission the journey requires about nine davs. ■' From the head-waters of the Kotelkalait Kiver, (the eastern branch of the Kuyukuk River, which empties into the Yukon a few uiiles above Xulato.) the nati^•es are said to make a portage to the head-waters of the Quisnon, and descending this and the Tosecargut JJiver, of which it is a western tributary, to nuda' their way to Foit Adams. I ha^-e no in- formation regarding the character of the country in the vicinity ^T these streams. A variety of game is fouml in tlu^ vicinity of the Yukon River and its tributaries!! I shall mention here only the kinds commonly used for food which were observed during the exi)edition. The fur-bearing ani- mals are enunierated iu a subseciuent chapter. Moose are abundant on the ui)per part of the river, especially iu the liamparts, where we saw a great nundjcr in the month of SeiJtember during our return journey. Lynx and bear tracks Avere observed on this l)art of the river. ' The black bear is the most conunon. At Fort Adams I saw a grav bear-skin measuring ten feet and six inches iu length. Moose are rarely found below Nulato. One was killed, lioweNcr, on an island near the mouth of the river in the sunnner of bSiiU. ])uring the sunnner reindeer are abundant anu)ng the hills, especially on the lower liart of the river. They ar(> said to have dinunished greatly iu nund»er since the introduction of (ire-arms. AVe oliserved many herds of these animals during our journey from the Anvic River to the sea. In the. numths of July and August the moose and reindeer are frequently seen in the river, where they seek a refuge from the nu)S(iuitoes. Jlrown and black bears are abuml'ant on the lower part of the river. About the lirst of >Liy vast llocks of ducks and geese make their ai)pea ranee. They seek the ponds aiul small lakes in the interior to breed, and early in the tall th(>y comnu-nce their (hq/arture southward. They are seen along the whole extent of the Yukon. The varieties of geese 1 couhl not dis- tinguish. Of the ducks the teal, i)erhaps, Avas the nu)st common, and after this the mallard. The canvas-back was also often observed. Swans and sand-hill cranes are abundant, especially between Nulat(^ and Fort Adams. ^ 28 liECONNAISSANCE OF THE YUKON RIVEL*. ClIAPTKh* 111 THE XATivi: Turr.E.s. Owiuji to the iai)idity "with which we Avcne oblisiod to Uavrl. jiiul the time resei\iitioii nnioiiy the native tiil)e.s were limited. 1 have eudeaA'oied, jiuwever, to collect as niuch information as possible concerning' them. The tribes that have fallen under my observation may be divided into two great classes. To these the names Orarian and Indinn haxe been approjjriately gi\'en by 3[r. iJail. The Orarian trilies are those Avhich live upon the coast, or at or near the mouths of large tributaries: the Indian triVies are those which are found oidy in the interior. Tlujse Orarian triV)es concerning Avhidi I can s[)eak i'rom i)ersonal hnowledge are located between Ikdiriug Strait and the ii])]H'r or Ai)hoou mouth of the Kvichpak or Yukon, and along the banks of tiu.' lower part of the river ibr a distance of about three hundred miles. They Ix'long to the sub-grou]) "Jnnuit" of Dall. The Indian tribes reside n])on the baidcs of the Yukon and its tributaries to s(Mne distance al>ove Fort Yukon. That this classili- cation of the uati\'e tribes is a natural one is apparent from several ronsitlerations. The Orarian languages. Avhile bearing nmre or less cesemblancc to each other, diffei- entirely from the Indian languages. Avhich also seem to have had a common oi igiii. 3ioi'cover, there is a marked diflerence Itetween Orarians and Indians, in appearance, dress, character, habits, and customs. ( )KAUIA^' TlJliJES. — The general naiiie of .Alalemute is often applied to all the.se natives, but correctly there are several large tribes, of which the ^laleniute is one. The i)riiicipal tril)es seem to be the XarcaK's. the MoJi innUs, ami the Ikcaf/inHics or Linrer Krivhpak>{, often called Mafja- iinttes: ami sometimes rri)nosJa'. Tlie Kaveaks inhabit a ]iortion of the coast Itetween IJehriiig Strait aneeu brought together during many years by their trading interests at St. ^.lichael's, and conseiiuently there is a great similarity in their language, customs, character, and appearance. It is almost impossible to form an estimate of the numl)er of these ]>eople. as they continually travel up and down the coast and rivers, and are rarely met with in large ])arties. A Ivussian trader of long exiierience informs me that in his (tpinion they nundter about hve thousaml. Durin.g the winter these tribes live in their villages, trai)i)ing for skins in the vieinity. and making occasional trips to St. Michael's for i)ur- l»oses of trading. In the summer they scatter nnu'c Avidely, collecting .»osed of rnde, low houses, huilt of logs and covered with earth. The door is simply a small round hole placed near the ground, so that it is imi)ossible to enter except on The hands and knees. The fire is placed in the center of the building, and the smoke makes its way through an o])ening in the roof. I'ude as these houses arc, they are nevertheless tight and warm. In the winter they are exchanged for houses entirely or ])artially underground. Xearly every village contains a large building called the "dance-house," which is used as a bath-house, and on occasions of festivitv. It also serves as a sort of hotel for the accommodation of travelers. It is similar to the other houses except in size, and does not require particular descrip- tion. The Orarians all wear skin clothing both in summer and in winter. The ''parca*' is a sort of long shirt of reindeer-slcin, the hair being wea : one or two whitfs and the operation is over. The vifv^-ii is. *♦> powerful that for ii moment they are intoxicated. ]Mr. ])all s:\vsthiU they inhale the smoke, and he thinks that the prevalence of asrlmiiS «ml eougestiou of the lungs, to which I liave before referred, is due X<<> !5si> cause. Daring !he summer the natives travel along the coast and on the rivers. TEin\v have three kinds of Itoats — the hlihd'l- or hiddrla, the bidiunu ;»mi the bark canoe. The bidark is a long. Ilat-bottomed, canoe-sljrt|HHl boat, consisting of a light frame-work of wood, tightly lashed u^^'ther. and coveied with oiled seal-skin. This covering extends cotupletely over the top, holes being left for the occupants. The bidark has usually one hole, but sometimes two, or even three. The tiaveler. having taken his seat, enveloi)es the upper portion of Ids body in ;i Sight, thin, water-proof shirt, made, 1 believe, of seal-gut, ■which is tiis-letted to the rim of the hole. Thus prepared the natives do not hesi!;iitt- to venture out even in a very rough sea. The bidark is Itroindk-^l wcik tlie paddle, and the skill Avhich tliey attain in its nmu- agement i* snrprising. 1 have been repeatedly told that the people in the vicinity of Behriug Strait will turn their Itoats over and come up on the ttdier side. (Dr. Kane has described the performance of the same fvM 3>y Greeulanders in their kajacks.) These boats diil'er little, if at alL faom those of the Aleuts of Ounalaska Island. The bi«hirra is also a skin boat, closely resembling the bidark in con- structioH : Imt it is much larger, and the top is not covered. It is usually i»rii>iH>'lkHl with paddles, but I have occasionally seen rude sails employi**!. Simie of them will carry lifteeu or twenty i)ersons apiece, and ]H»ssBB4y even more. This boat draws very little water, is ex- tremely lijiht. and easily and rapidly i>ropelIed, and has a great carry- ing caj^jRity. The objection to it as a ri\er-boat is that it is easily injuri'd Am\ not very readily repaired, and it retjuires fre([uent oiling to keei> it i3sj5>te-rvious to water. The biivh-bark canoe is found only on the ri\Trs. Tt is entirely unsuitAblo- tor coast travel. It is more common among the Indian than among Jhe Orarian tribes, though 1 have often seen it among the Lower K\ i(h]i;^k>. It is constructed by sewing, with spruce-roots, a covering of birch-knk over a strong I'rame-Avork of wood, and then carefully ]titchiiig !he seams. Thi> largest bark canoes which I saw Avould easily carry four weEi. The usual size is designed for one or two oidy. Onr joiiraey up the Anvic lti\er was ma(h' entirely in these lioats, and I loiuul them adnurably ada])ted to river travel. They are light and dr.iixv very little water, and though easily injured they are quickly ri'liain-^.I. lu the bow of each canoe a little pitch and birch-bark are always ki-j^t. If a boat is injured it is taken out of the water and turned uj^Mle down. A small lire is ([uickly made. If the hole in the boat is smuUl, a burning brand is held o\er it ami a little pitch incited ui>on it jiml piessed into shape with the wetted ball of the thumb. If the danwijn" is moi-e serious, a patch of bark is cut and fastened tirmly in the pwjH'-r place by a lay(n' of melted ])itch run along its edges. The natives iMsiike these repairs very ra])idly and skillfully, so that an acci- dent oitliurtrily causes a delay of a few nuiuites o!dy. ])uri«g4he winter the natives travel in shMlges drawn by dogs. The dogs ;uv of various colors and sizes. The i)revailing color on tlie coast seems to l»ert light gray. .Vt Eedoubt St. ^Nrichael's there was a number of lino !;ii-:e dogs, the Kussians having evidentlv taken considerable EECONNAISSANX'E OF HIE YUKON KIVEIJ. 81 pniiis ill .sok'Ctiiiy and in'osorvinj;;' tlie most proniisiiiji. The dojis of the natives .generally are iiiiseiable eurs. Ivveept when traveliii;/. they are never ted; and tliey are. eonse(iuentl\ , always ravenous, and ^vill devour the most disfi'ustinti liltli. They olteii .yo into the water and eateli tisli very skilll'ully. They Avill e;it any articles eomjiosed of k^ither, sueh as boots or liariu'ss, and sometimes even ehith. They m A'er hark, hut howl dismally. They arc very eowardly. and always slink away at the a]>i)roaeh of a white man. The sled,i>es are made ot sjnuee, and most (»!' those that I saw were shod with hone. I hatl no opportunity of seeinji" tiie do.ii's in harness, but I was informed that a tt'am usiiallj^ consists of seven doj;s, harnessed two and two, with one leading-. I'sually a native runs before the team and leads the way. in traveling, ])rovisions liave to be carried for the dogs as avcU as the men; a'.id this is a serious obstacle to long Journeys. When the country is in a projier condition for shMlge-traveling, snow-shoes are a necessity. Those which I saw consisted of a strong light frame, varying' from two t(< four feet in length, covered with a netting of deer or seal skin. Tlie time of year during which 1 Avas among these tribes was ]iot favorable for observing' their customs. 1 am told that in the long nights of winter, when they are gathered togetlier in their villages, they indulge in nuiiiy curious ceremonies and festivities. On the coast and at different points on the lower part of the Yukon, the Greco-Kussian church has had for years its establishments and its priests, but I could see no traces of religious influence beyond a few natives who had been in the service of tlie IJussian comi)any. Owing to my limited opportunities, I did not become acrpuiinted with any of the su])erstitions which these savages, like all others, are said to pos- sess. They do not seem to have any belief in a Suju'eme Ijeing. ami J think it may be fairly asserted that they are Avithout a religion. Finally, these Orarian tribes are kind, peaceable, generous, and hospi table. 1 liad many oi))>ortunities of Judging them in these respects, ami am indebted to them for cheerful assistance on many difl'erei'.t occasions. 1^'D]A^' Tiar.iis. — The Indian tribes of Avhich 1 shall speak are all located on the banks of the Yukon and its tributaries. Tln-y may, for the purpose of descri[»tion, be subdivided into two classes; the tribes situatecl on the river and below >«'uclucayette, ami accustomed to trade princii)ally hitheito at the IJussian stations, and those jii-ar or east of Fort Yukon, who have traded principally at that station with the Hud- son Bay Company only. Tribes heloir XiicJiictii/efU', — The principal tribes of Avhich I have any knowledge are the liigdetes and the Kuyukuks. The Ingelete iieople occupy both banks of the Yukon and its trilnitaries, from a short dis- tance above the [Mission to Xiilato, I Avas informed that one of their villages on the Yukon, about si.\ty-li\e miles above the ^Mission, is called Mah(i!/robably on (piite as good authority. Their uiost important Aillage. however, is Auvic, situated at the mouth of the AuaIc lvi\'er, and they have several villages on the banks of that stream. At first observation this people nught be classitied as Orarian. Theii character, customs, ami appearance closely resemble those of the coast natives; but their language is very similar to that of the Kuyukuks. Avhile it is entirely dilferent from the Orarian dialects, containing. 1 believe, no Avords in common Avith them. Their villages and houses do not differ materially from those already described. They wear tlu'same dress as the coast tribes, and Inne the simie disregard tor oinaments. Those on the Anvic l{i\ er occasionally cross a ])ortage to the coast, and f 4 .i I 32 RliCONXAlSSANCE OF THE YUKON IIIVER. trade at Ivodoubt St. ]\[ieliiiers, and this intercourse probably accounts tor the similarities referred to. Indeed,! should remark that uhat I have said ai)i)lies to the ln,neletes of the Anvic and YiUcon, and may not be true of the subdivisions of this family fartlnH- to the eastward. The ])rineii»al Inuelete tribe east of the Vu]uring the summer many of their fishing-camps arc seen ou the baidvs of the Yukon. Other ti'ibes may be ix-casioiially met w itli on this ])art of the ri\'er, but this is certainly by far the most important. In dress, eustoms, and ai>pearance, these ])eople do iu)t differ materially from the Ingeletes. The languages of the two tribes are clearly allied. In character, liow- e\er, the dilfcrence is decided. They ]»os.sess few, if any, of the good traits which I have ascribed to the lower tribes. They are very cow- ardly, but at the same time cruel aiul treacherous, ^o troubh; has been experienced from them te entire Mv. iJalTs grai)hie account, which wis undoul)tedly obtained from rclia- bli liUssian s(tnrces. In memory of a brave oiUcer, whose assassins still remain unpunished, the story nmy well be repeated: For feu years, tliouoli l'r('(|iui!tly lIinatoiUMl. tlic little setllenioiit esciiped injury, Deniijiii iiieaiiwliile earryin.u- on a lucrative traflic willi ilie natives lor furs. Jn the spriuii- of ls.')l, Lieutenant iSarnard, of her Majesty's steiinier i^nterpiise, arrived at Xulato with the liidarshik, iu search of iaforniatioii with rciiard to the fate of Sir .John I'rankliu. JTe was a nienilier of Cajitain C'olliuson'.s ex|)editioii. and, with Mr. Adanrs, a surgeon, and one man, had lieeii left hy the Fnter]»rise at St. ^MiehaeTs the ]ircceiliug fall, iiein;;- probably a blunt, straij;htforward Kunlishiuan, with no knowledji'e of bi- (liau character anlundered; when the Nulato Indian returned and 8a\N what had heen done he turned to run, l)Ut the Koyukuns caiied to him, saying, ''Are you not one of us .' We will not hurt you."' Ov(!rc()me hy tear, he returned and unwillingly assisted in the atrocity which folhiwed. Ihllegiirs hody wa • stripped, the tlesh cut in slices from the hones, and the savages, infur'ated liki! wild ainmals hy the sight td" blood, roasted these remains and devoured them. An Indian, who noticed the reluctance with whicli Jhilegin's (;omi)aniou Joined in the hurried feast, crei)t nj* behind him and drove his knile up to the hilt in his neck. Th(! fighting-men jiresent llieii strii>i)ed themselves of all incund)rances except their bows and arrows, Mn]U'oached with the greatest (luietness. not to disturb the shn'ping inmatt.'s. The canoes wi're seized, broken up, thrust into the apertures in,»the roofs and the narrow uiuUrground entrances re, able to save themselves in the woods, through the negligence or ])ity of the conquerors. A young nnin called Wolasatux, renowned for his skill with tlu^ bow, escaped to the mountains, ehnling the vigilance of the pursuers by his .swifliu'ss of foot. All the rest wert! snu)thered or fell beneath the knivtis and arrows of the assailants. But lit- tle noise was made, except by the screums of the women and shouts of the destroyers, tor at that time the Indians had no guns. The -slundjcrs of the Russians were not disturbed. It is said that two Indian women, who were employed at the fort, having risen early to boil tlie chyniks for the morinngmeal, heard and understood the crirs of the victims, but, overcome by fear and anguish at the death of tlieir kindred, stupidly shut them- selves into the cook-house; and did not alarm tin; Knssians. The Koyukuns next made for the trading-post and found the bidarshik,,] list risen, sitting behind one of the houses. Saying to Ivan, one of their tribe, wh(» hiid been em- ployed at the fort as interpreter, "If you do not kill the bidarshik, we will kill you," they forced him to consent. He approached Dc^rabin and stabbed him in the back repeatedly, so that he fell to rise no more. The Russian interpreter, a man said to have iind((rst('od seven languages, happening vo come out, saw the act, and turning iiuiirined to the Indians uplu'aided them for the nnirder, but fell in the doorway pierced with seven airows. Rushing over his prostrate body, they t'litered the house. IJarnard was lying on his bed reading; at the sight of tlu^ hostile Indians he raised hims(df up to reach his gun, which hung above his head. Twice he fired, and twice the barrel was struck upward, the balls taking effect in the ceiling. An Indian shaman, christened Larridwn by the Russians, and his brotlier seized the arms, and one plunged his knife into the Englishman's abdomen, so that when it was withdrawn the intestines fol- h)wt>d it, and he fell back mortally wounded. Sciveral shots were firtnl, and one struck Larridwn in the groin. Three children and their mother were killed ; their father, Teleczhik, being absent in the Kfiviak Peninsula, as interpreter, with Captain Bedford Fim. Leaving the bidarsluk's house, the Indians next attacked tho casdvmer ov room where tlie workmen lived, where there were two Russians and several Creoles. They had barricaded the door, and, being at some distance from the other house, knew nothing that had happened. One of them aimed through the wiiulow at the crowd of Indians ; when the other, hoping to avoid bloodshed, advised him to tire above their htiads, in liope that tiiey would disperse The crowd separated, but did m»t retreat, and only answered by a shower of arrows. The next shot, better aimed, killeil one of the ludi- S. Ex. 12 3 84 RKCONXAISSANCK OF THE YUKON RIVKR. I * If ir 4i L I ? 1 iuis, wlu'ii !i piiiiic scciiiftl to "ifizi' tlifiii. aii'l tln-y iimiii'tliatfly rctiviitcil witli tlirir lionty iiiid ]irisniii'is to Koyi'ilviik. l.m ri(>\vii sat in ;;n-at aiioiiy in tin- tnitt-r room of tlic hidiir- sliik'.s lioiisf. A IJiissian lay in tlif inner I'ooin. lii-lpli-ss from fi-vcr. wlio liail liccn ovcr- lookid l)y till" Jntlians in tilt rxiitrmint. His witV. an Imliaii woman, iianifd Maria, l>ron;jlit liim a loailt'd ]>istol, and lidd liiin n]> wliilc In- tiird at tin- sliamiin. His trcm- Idin^ hand conld not dirict tlic liall, and l.arriown dra;:y;(d liiinsclf ont to tlic rixcr hank. HiTi' In- fonnd a l\oyiiknn woman, who had linn .slaying at the fort, witli hiT bal»y on a little sIimI. wliicli she was drawing l>y a hand over her forclii'ad. He threw the child into the snow, and ordered her to draw liim to Koyiiknk. She refnsed. and he stahhed her to the heart. How he linally ;;ot away no on<' knows. Thus ended the Xnlato massacre. An In^inlik, named Lt'ifka. was sent hy the ]?ussiaiis with a letter to the redonht. He jdaci'd it in his hoot foitnnately, lor he was stoi>i>ed on the river ami searched by two Koyi'iknns, who sns]iected his errand. I'indin;^ nothinj;, they let him «fy. Mr. Adams, the siii<>t'on, immediately startetl, with 'l"ele(V.hik and a jiarty of Rii.s- sians, tor Nnlato. ('a)itain Tim. having; retnrned from his iidventurous Journey frost- bitten, ronid not aecom])any him. and renniiiied .at I'nalakiik. The J\nssians had sewed n]i the \\rlcan C'omipaii> . as is the wont of trading roni])anies, ne\ ei' took jmy measnres of retaliation for this massacre. Larrii'iwn and Ivan, the mnrderers of the bidarshik, are fre(|nent visitors at the fort. I'resents were sent ti. the Koyilknw chiefs, and there the matter ended. A stockaih'd fort was soon built tm the present site, and the i^ravi's of liarnard and Derabin lie a stone's throw beliind it. Tiie excava- tions where the Indian honses stood are still to be .seen, ami form the jfraves of those natives who perished by the massacre. TIk' t'oiiiidt'to suct't'ssof tlii."< alliiir \i.\s luidoiibtedly hcoii tlio occasion of wliiit I tiikc to bo tlio most proiiiiiieiit clianicteristic of this tribe — tlicii" iiitolcvablc iiisoleiico. They l«»ok at si straiif!,er uith an iiiii»iuleiit, lialf-tbieatciiiiij;' staiv. Tliey air, hoAvc-ver, too cowardly to oifcr open viob'iicc. Tlicy arc sometimes, althmioh not usually, di.slioue.st. One of them, liavino' appropriatctl some small articles, received a sound thrashiiio- from an American tnider «»f our party, to lii.s intense disgust and astonishment; but he made no resistaiis at Xuducayette, where they meet the traders and dispose of the furs which they have collected tlurino' the winter. They are said to be active, intellijicnt, and enter] ui si njj^; but violent and warlike. They live principally by liuiitin<>'. They are much addicted to the use of ornaments, such as beads and feathers. The iuHuonce of the llussian church (if it had any influence) did not extend beyond Nulato; and no attempt has ever been made to in.struct or civilize the Indians of this ])art of the river. Their superstitions are endless: every tribe has its metlicine-man. But I had no opportunity to obtain any connected idea of their beliefs or worship.s. The Teiian-Kutchin and the Indian.s of Fort Y'ukon are occasionally met with between Xuducayette ami the Hamparts. IJeyond this point there are no Indiiins until we arrive at Fort Y'ukon. The principal trilies which have been acMistomed to trade at this post are the Kofclid-Kutchin, (or "Low-lander.s,") who live between the Por- cupine and Y'ukon Kivers near their junction; the Hun-Kutcliin, or Gens * I jj;ive this name rehend. tlirou^h an interpreter, the {general method and ]Mirpose of my astronomical observations, hnleed, they are aeeustomed to note time ron;;hly Ity the relative i»ositions of stars. Their elothinji' is of moose- skin, with the oxeei»tion of a few arti<'les which they obtain l>y trade. They fish little, and are almost exclusively enj^au 'd in traine Jii^cr anil established this station at its mouth. Trading;' <;dods and su[)plies were brou^iht from Fort !Simi>son, on the Mackenzie, to Lapierre House, on the Porcupine, to which place ii i>arty from Fort Yukon annually ascended to receive them and deliver their furs. The force at the station usjtally consisted of one chief trader and two or three men. The chief trailer received about JCIOO, the n»en about £."> each i»er annum. Whenever any material was needed for elothin.^', whether buckskin, fur, or cloth, it was purchased at a fixed, and usually pretty hiyh, price from the company. The men were not allowed, under any circumstances, to trade with the Iiulians on their own account. Owinj^C to the diflicidty of trans[)ortation, the supplies sent to this .station were very limited in ear that the business of the station was conducted on the lowest possible scale of expense. The skins obtained were principally those of the stune-nuuten or Amerieun .sable, mink, beaver, otter, black bear, white, red, black, and * I Itonow tliis iiaiue also IVoiii Mr. Dall, as tlie latter iiaine ouly was uutud, t Beruartl K. Ross, esi^., Suiitlisouian Report, 18(56, page 303. EECON.VAI.SSANCE OF THE YUKON HIVKK. \l I 'I f I h\ silvJT ^t;jy fy white men. The fuis were alin<»st wiiiiuiit e\i-<-j»iii«»ti oljtained 1)\ l>aiter IVoni the natives, A re;4niai- seale ol ]»i ices \\si>«-i»l:il»ljj»h»»l. the hesiver-skiii heinj^ the standaisl. Thus the jiiice ot' a ::uii wa.* fiijilireen skins. If inai'tens were olVered tliey were taken at tlie r.iit- of two to one heaver skin, and interior tins were received ill H )>3iuiliii' iiiaiiiier, aeeordin;;' to their rehitixc value. The 1wsii-^ li>r sfiMws the kind of .u'oods at I'ort N'nkon in the v«'ar l>(»!t: (iiiij-. «I«»ii"»Le uiitl sin;ile l)arrel, niaih' in London: pocki-t knivi s, one and tvu» )»Iii[tK^^: [laiits, ordinary and line; wjiite Ihninel >hirts; red liauiiel >hsM.^: ••alira >hirts: "yacht" shirts; prints; liea\y ch>th: hlue stri]K-tes. (overcoats;) neck-handkerchiefs, (Itlaek ;) Tails neckties: Eii;iii.s6i Mfs: Camidiau belts; <;unpowder; libbon, iwide;) ribbon. iijaM«j»w.i With the e.\ce[)tioii of j;mj]>owder, of which al»out one tii<»usaii fir»«m York Factory to Fort Yukon i)reveiitin;i' the imi»or- tatioii of larj:«- >Ki»i>lies. Tuis weiv «»5»i;«tjied at this station in two ways — tirst, Ity ti-ade with the tribes iu3i;iil»iurt;:' the vicinity and thos<' on the I'orcupiue and I'pper Yukon: and. x- >)rid. I»y descendinj;" the ri\er in boats early in the spring; and tradiij;: «bj1i the tribes at Nuclucayette. Probably about half the furs annually c«jiS«»^:ted at this station were i)urchased at the mouth of the Tanaiia- From tli<- iiiaiM^riVit data which 1 havi' been able to obtain it is ditll- eult to lix vt'nh atiythiii,!;- like accuracy the annual trade at this statimi. It has JK'i-'ii e^liiuiated at ten thousand skins, a number which is i»erliai»s s(nii( what in ex«-»*sH «>f the truth. Five thousand skins, iiiinci|)ally martens, mf .^mjii to have been purchased by F^nylish traders in the sprin;^ of iNiiiirai yuducayette. The fur inmle on the lower portion of the river below NueUicayette was c(»iiduet«-^l. furevious to the transfer of the territory, entirely l»y the lliissiaii Aijju-iiti-ait < 'lunpany. This company had a number of stations on the rixfr ami i-tKist. the prin«'i|)al of winch were Unahn-hleet. St, ]\lichaers. An«lr»-;ivsky. Mission, and ^'ulato. As the employi's of this coiniiaiJ\ L:a«5 Jt-tt the country before my a?]i\'al, there were no sources of inforiii;iii};' to the (Ireek church, and two or three sin;i!l lojj-lionses put up by American traders, Tiiel»ui]resnnie to be, under the tiTnis of the treaty of cession, the ])roperty of the United States, ivffmeil to in my instructions as jinblic buildin>>s. They are all within a iieiH'ity, nml (Muidifion : TIir(<' stKroliousi's, two in ;;(kii| order, oin' in iici'd nf rcpiiir; oiu* hiiriiick toi- iiiiiiiiHTicd iiii'ii. two rooms, eoiild iic('otiiiiiod;itc twenty men, in jiood eundirion : one Itiirrnek for mai- ried men, om^ hirj;" and one sniiill room, needs repair; one house, tout' small rooms, in <>'ood condition; one lionse, two rooms, in <;'ood condition; one lionse, lonr rooms, in ^ood condition; one hatli-liouse, two small rooms, needs repair. At irnala<*ldeet, Andreavsky, >rission, Xidato, and I'ort Vuk(»n. then^ are also lo^' liuildinjis wliieii are presumed to Itepnltlic pioperty. Tliey ai'<' all in poor condition, except those at Fort Vnkon, which arc snpeiiir to any others on the river. Thev are of no value to the (rovernment. CHAPTKU V. KKSOUliCES OF Till-: COrXTlIY. The information whictli I have been able to c(»llect concerninji' the re- sources of the Yukon River is too uncertain and limite(l to Justify delinite ('(•nclusions. The remarks which follow will therefore be very jicneral in character, and the opinions w hi(;h I advance may be much modilied when more accurate statistics are (►btained. In the examination of this subject the fur trade demands the tirst con- sideration. Indeed, it is the oiily resource of the country as yet devel- o[>ed. This trade has been heretotbre in the hands of two companies, the ITiidson Bay Company, havinjn" one station at Fort Yukon, anil the IJussian American Company, liaviny; various stations alony the lower part <»f the river and on the coast. I have before remarked that the trade of the IIuay Company was carried on at the very minimmn of expense, and tin? same may be said with reference to the Russian company. The Russian forc<' on the Yukon consisted principally of ukmi sent trom various places in tlie Ter- ritory who ha trailers in the emplo.v of ^Vmeiican companies were reeeivinji' from sso to '"^lOb i)er month in coin, while men occnpyinj>' corresp iK-r annum. Th«' former recpiinnl a larj»e and expensive variety of sui>i»lies, ami could not be enji'af^ed on any other terms. The latter may be said to have practically subsisted on the country. It is to be renuirked that the Hudson Bay Com]>any, in abandoning' its station, does not necessarily lose the trade which it enjoyed at Fort Yidcon. A large i)ortion of the business was conducted witli tiii)es liv- ing' in or near the English territory, and these people, having been ac^customed to trade with the company for nmny years, will carry theii' furs to La|)ierre House, on the I'orcnpine, or to tlie new station w hich will probai)ly be constructed near the boundary. The trad(; which will be controlled by Americans will then'fbre be iiiat of the Kussian company, increased by the number of skins annually ^^iJMi^gj^ 38 RECONNAISSANCE OF THE YUKON RIVER. to: I ohtiiined by the l^iijilisli nt Xucliicayottc?. T sii])i»»so tlie af>gi'Ogiite from l>(»tli sources docs not cxt'ci'd liftccn tliousiiiHl skins. The jicojinipliy ol' the river iindiuljacent territory controls in ti nnirked manner the character of the trade carried on upon the Yukon. In pre- vious chapters I liave remarked that the river runs in nian> i>iaces with a swil't current; that it is Idled with shoals and diilicnlt oi navij;ation even tor small boats; and that there is not suHicient water at any of its mouths, as far as has Ikhmi (b'terniined, to lloat a vessel of sutlicii'iit size to voyajLi'e upon the sea. \'essels. therefore, which come to the coast for furs mu.st lie at St. .Vichael's, and the river must be ascended and the different points of tra \ isited in boats. Owinji' to the conditi(Ui of the ice in llehrinj;' Sea a vessel cannot reach St. .Micliael's Island much before the middle of June. A trip in open boats to Nuclucayette would then retpiire the whole season, leavin.u' no tinu' for return. Such a Jour- ney would be tbund extremely difficult, as tradin;^' f;()ods ami provisions \V(>uld have to be transported, and very unprotital)le, since few good furs would be obtained, as the summer skins aw worthless. I'rom these remarks it Ibllows that a i)rolitable management of the lur trade of the Yukon ri'(piires tla^ establislnnent and maintenance of ]>ermanent stations on the river. This is no jilace for small enteriuises. Jt is impossible tor sloops and schooners to run in and rapidly trade with the natives, delaying oidy lor a few hours or days, as can be done in some other parts of the Territory. 1 suppose about five stations are recpured to collect, with conveni- ence, the furs on the lower part of the river, and for these tlu're will be necessary a Ibrce of about lifteen nu-n. Whether the amount of trade Avill Justify the expense of such an establishment, including the cost of tiansporting goods, sujtplies, ami furs to and from the river, remains to be seen. A l»rief account <»f American enterprises on the Y^nkon since the tians- fer (»f the Territory to tlu' present time will not be nninstructive. Tile comi»any on whose vessel 1 traveled established its stations on the Yukon in the sumuu'r of ISliJI, during the Journey described in this I'cport. I'pon our arri\al at St. IMichaers Island we (bund the stations of two <'ompanies. both of \\ hich had been engaged in the trade since the transter of the Territ(uy. IJelbre our dei»arture one of the compa- ines abiunloiu'd the business and sohl its stock to the new company. A large sloo]», with a complete stock of trading goods, had arrived about the same time, with the i»urpose of opening an establishment. The owner, however, did not appear to think the jirospect encouraging, and he also sold out to the new comitany. As fo.r small vessels, nmny of which \ isited Norton Sound during the year Ibllowijig the transfer, they in e\ery case went away emjtty-handed. Whe'n 1 left St. Mich'aers Ishnul in the fall of 1S(;!>, the condition of things was this: two powerful ami determined companies, having abun- dant capital, occupied various stations on the river and coast, ananies, which < xisted uiulcr vastly dltferent conditions. At least one deduction may b drawn EFX'ONNAISSANCE OF THE YUKON KIVER. 30 'OIll <(■(! ith ion its ize ilSt Hid 1 of ich liiM from till' facts: the amount of trade in /io-k on the lulvn Ixirer icill at most/nrulsh a bnsinens for one conipaiti/, and employment on the river for about Jif teen men. The timbt'V of the Yukon llivin- may in the distant future become of oousiihM'abh' vabie. It consists ])rincipally of spruce, ])0]»hir, birch, abler, anr.ictieal purjuises. The foriiu'r is veiy abundant upt)n the up])er and middle portions of the river. It does h;>t usually ^row to a lar^e or even nuMliuui si/e, and at Fort Yukon, when I had occasion to use ji good deal of it, it did not ap])ear to be of ver^\ j;()otl (juality. liireh is com])aratively scarce. The lower ]»ortion of the river for a tiou, I was unable to obtain suitable instruments from Washin}^t(Ui; but, for- tunately. 1 succeeded iu «)btaiiiin<;' iu San Francisco all that were re- quired. The astronomical instruments employed were as follows : Port- able transit instrument, by Trou<;hton and Sims, London ; an admira- ble instiument, and in excellent condition. Zenith telescope, by AViir- - :i, Washinjiton ; an old instrument, and in poor condition. Sex- tants J.) b.v Wiirdemann, Washinji'ton ; in excellent condition. Chro- nometers, ((»;) liond, Xos. LMIO and li;>l, (sidereal ;) Bliss ami Creij;htori, Nos. 11,V» and HUMI; Parkinson ami Frodsham, I^o. lilTo; liarraud, (wat<-h.) No. oUl), (nu^'iu.) On several days before our dei)artnre Professor C4eor<>e Davidson, of the Cnast Survey, kindly j^ave nu' comjiarisous with the siisture the observatiims gave poor results. Our next observations were made in the harbor of Ounalaska, on the extremity of a point of land the position of which had been accurately deterinined by the ('oast Survey. On 3Iay iVi and L'i, sextant observa- tions were attempted, but failed on account of the weather. Ou May L'."> and lm;, eipud altitudes of the sun were observed lor tinu'. At St. Michael's Island the weather was again uni»ropitious. Sex- tant oltservations of single altitudes of the siui were obtained, however, on .luly 1 ami .'}. 1 was anxious to nnike a good lace, as its position is fairly determined, and thert' was no well-located point between it and Fort Yukon. The cir- cumstances of the expediti(Ui not a«lniitting of delay, I was compelled to content myself witli these meager results. On .Tiily I, during our Journey along the coast, we stopped at the mouth of the IMkmiklalik Creek to procure wood. 1 obtained observa- tions .»f ciri'Uiu-uu'ridian altitudi'sof the sun for the determination of latitude. At Anvic, the next position where the circuujstauces of travel ren- 44 RECONNAISSANCE OF THE YUKON RIVER. (l('ro. we obtained a few sextant observations for latiiula('e on x\iv at'ternoon of July 31, and on the next da}' we commenced the ]>ix'i>:ir:itiou of our observatory. The astix>!nt»iiueal observatory consisted of two larj^e wall-tents, with- out flies. wliH-li were pitched end to end, ami oiRMied one into the other. From each tt-nt a breadth had been removed on both sides of the ridj;e- l)ole. leaviujr tw«) observin^^-slits, about two feet in width, ^^'hen not in use thr.-*** weie covered with wider breadths, fastened in place with ties. Ky iiu-ans of a system of pulleys, they coidd be ra]»idly run uj) or down as rx"proxiniatc level by screwing' it down tightly upon thin sheets of lead placf al>out three (pnirters of a. mile from the observatory. I was conjiH-n»'«l to place it "over water," as the locality ters were placed in a strong basket jwddeil with felt ami hair, and covered with a cushion of the same maliMials. They were transported on one of the large boats which RECONNAISSANCE OF THE YUKON RIVER. 45 T- II- or m Mi' liaj<'('tet', in four larjic boxes. \\«'i(' sto\v<'d nnder rover in tlie forward part of the boat, as far jis i)ossil)h' from the heat of th«' furnaee. We hojied to <^et all our in- struiiieiits to Fort Yukon in j^ood eondition. I>.v an untbrtiinate (K^'cur- r(Mice on tlii/ river, however, oar end.'avors were nearly frustrated. Duriii,^ a stormy n;i;ht, some of the men who liad to sleep on deck, ex- l»os"d ro the weather, eoneeiviny, perhaps with reason, that their bodies had (piite as j^ood a ri;^lit to protection as my boxes, removed tin' iu- striiiuents from their shelter, and plaeinj;- them near the furnaee, dis- l»osed themselves in their plaee. This arraii<;'ement was soon diseovered, and the boxes were replaeed ; but on our arrival at Fort Yukon I found that (.'oiisiderable misehief had been done. Two of the seven threads liad been l)r()keu from the retieule of the transit instrument, and both of the levels of the zenith teleseope were utterly ruined ; so nmeh ether havin.y evai)orated that the bubbles coiddnot be read. As soon as I discovered these injuries I set about rei)atriiifj them. The reticule-frame wjis fixed in the tuV)e of the transit instrument in such a \\;\\ that, in the absem e of the i)roi>er tools, it could not be removed witliout daii;4(T to the remaininji tlir(>ads. JIaviny i)rocured some fresh thread from a s{)ider, I made a little frame of jiajier, with a handle bent vertically, and fixing the lines to it, lowerccl them into po.-sition, adjust- in^' them with my pocket-microsco[)e, and finally securinji' them in place, by means of a little shellae varnish, with wliich 1 was fortunately \niy- vided. After a };reat many trials, 1 finally succeecU'd in adjustiii";' thein to my satisfaction ; and I found afterwanl that the intervals were- ijuite as yood as those fixed by the instrument-maker. 1 attemi»ted to rei)air the zenith t('lescoi>e levels by the introductitin of ether obtained by opening the little levels at the ends ()f the s]»are transit lexel, which are not necessary to its use. This expedient com- l)letely faih'd, and I was finally compelled to make use of the followinji' dcvi(;e: Tlu' s]>are transit levt! was taken to pieces and its tube was firmly lashed with c()pi»er wire upon a piece of wood cut to a suitable shai)e. The tube of the telcscoite level haviii!^" been removed, this was bound tij;htly in its ])lace. I was compelhsl to disjKMise with the strid- iiiji le\ el, but the horizontal axis was readily leveled by other means. To return to our observations: Diirinj;' the lirst week of our stay at Fort Yukon the weather was extremely unfavoralde. The occasional appearance t>f the sun, however, jjjave us a few oppoi-tunities. On Au- fjust L', ."), ami <►, we obtained sextant observations, which j;ave us an approximate latitude and chronometer error. J)uriny this week we had in* opportunity to put our instruments in position. On Anji'iist 7 the solar eclii»sc occurred. The weather was fitful, and the sky partly obscured by fioatinu' clouds. Hut we succe«'ded in ob- tainiii.u .y'ood »>l>servations of e(pial altitiules of the sun for the determi- nation of the chronometer error. 1 had previously made a projection t)f the ediixse with an assumed lonjiitude, which ]»roved looi-e accurate thiin I expected, comiii;j; within a minute or two of first contact. I observed with the zenith telescope, usin;>' the colored {jlass from a sextant. i\Ir. Ferdinand Westdahl, a fienth'inan o{ the tradinj;' ]»arty, observed with a iK»cket-^lass, at my reipu'st; Mr. ^fajor made the record. Owiii}*' to an imperfect arranj^e- ment of the <'olored j>iass, not «liscoveved until too late, 1 lost the first c', finisiiin;^' it at (5 o'clock on the followin.ii' morninji'. ^^'e thus ol>tained an a]>i»i'o\i- mate lonj;itude, which proved that we were a considerable distance west of the hounust the shortness of the nii;ht was the occasion of much endiarrassment. On the >Sth of August the transit instrument was placed approxinmtely in the meridian, anle divisions of the two transit levels were deterndned in terms of the zenith-telescope ndcrometei'. The le\els were lashed successively to the tube of th.' zenith telescope, and the instrument turned on the meridian-mark. Tlie values were tlien deterndned in the usual way. On Anji'ust l."i, the value (d" one revolution (KM) divisions) of the zenith- telescope micronu'ter in arc was determined by observations ou I'olaris near its eastern elongation. On August 10, observations for latitude were commenced with the zenith telesco))e, but failed on account of unfavorable weather. On the 17th two observations were obtaine we recommenced observations with the transit instru- ment, and continued them on tin? I'lst, I'lM. and Uod. On th«^ L'Sth. the day of our departure from Fort Yukon, the transitof thesnn was observed. i)n the iMst, L*-d, and L'.'Jd, oltservations <>f moon culndnations were obtained. ]Much to my regret, the weather and the times of cidminatiou prevented on. obtaining more of these observations. During our journey down the river, the i>ressing necessity for rai»id progress, and the hard physical labor consequent thereon, forced us to abandon our observations, except on a few favorable occasions. At Nulato, on Seiiteinbev S, sextant observations of single altitiules of the sun were obtained for time, and also at iledoiibt iSt. Michael's on Sep- tendier liO. This concludes the account of the astronomical observations of the expedition. > ■'" RECONXAISSANX'E OF THE YUKON RIVER. 47 > II. COMl'UTATIOXS. 1. Pn-jMrafory eompuidtloxs, (1.) From .sc.vfa lit ohscr rat ions. — The clironoiiK'tcr corroctioii iVoiii sox- tiiiit obsi'iviitions is ('(►iiii)iito(l as follows, and on the I'ollowinj;- dativs : Sitka, Ai)ril L*!), mean noon, by equal altitudes of the sun. Sitka, 3Iay 1, mean noon, by eciual altitudes of tbe sun. Ounalaska, .May I'd, mean noon, by eijual allitucb's of tlie sun. St. .Mifliael's Island, July 1, mean luuju l)y single altitudes of the sun. Anvie, July L'5, mean noon, by ecjual altitiules of tlie sun. Fort Adams, July 2.», mean noon, by e(]ual altitudes of the sun. Fort Adams, July L'.'J, midnight, by equal altitudes of the sun. Fort Yukon, August (J, mean noon, by equal altitudes of the sun. Fort Yukon, August 7, nunm noon, by ('(jual altitudes of the sun. (See Appendix A, pages 74 and 7.").) At Pikmiktalik and Senati's Vdlage, the ehronometer correction could not be well determined, as tlu' observations were all too neai' the nu'ridian for this pur[>ose. AVhere observations for ecpud altitudes had been obtained, it was thought unnecessary to compute from the remain- ing single altitudes. The chronometers were compared daily, but, owing to the small num- ber of time observations obtaineendix A, i»age 7o.) (2.) Level (U'termiimtUniH. — The values of single divisions of transit levels Xos. 1 and 2, in terms of the zenith-telescope micrometer, are com- puter+u-0-(c-fO 4 hence — Level Xo. 1, 6=0^0184 f(?f+n'0—(«+('OJ Level Xo. 2, 6=0\0G12 [(?r+zc')— (e+e')J ■ 48 RECONNAISSANCE OF THE YUKON RIVER. f I Tlie value of [{ic+ic') — (e-\-c')\, intorpolatt'tl Ix'twocu the oliscrvations, is ji'ivcii ill v.) Trdiisit (IfUrniindfions. — The timt'-ljst t'liiployed (iiieliidiiij;' iiiooii eiilininatioiis) coiiiju-ises torty-six well-detenniiied stars, selected priiiei- ]»al]y from tlie AiiKH'icaii Ki»lieiiieris, one or two liaviiij;' been taken i'roiii the JJritisii Aliiianae. It is not thi>i<)ximate rate of the chrononieter employed in the oi)scrvations (2;31 IJond) was determined at ()M5 j^aiii per hour. Tiie corrections for rate were then deti'imined mechanically, l»y means ol'a calculatinji; circle constructed as follows: A circular dislc oi" palter was j;raduated to hours and minutes. This was made to turn concentrically upon another cir(;h' haviuy; the same radi is. The cireiim- lereiice of the latter was _^raduated in hours, and tliesi- spaces divided into fil'teeu etpial parts, rei»resentinjj;" hundredths of a second. The " assumed time'- ]n'\u'^ found on the inner circle, and i>]ac<'d at the zero- division of the outer circle, the time corresi>ondiii;;' to the mean of the threads on the inner circle will indicate the correction for rate on the outer circle. If this readin;:^ is on the left of the zero-division, the cor- rection is ]>ositive; if on the ri;;ht, ney;ative. Tiiis contrivance was devised by .Mr. Faber du Faur. It is (juite as accurate as computation, and less liable to error, (/>.) lieihtiflon of ((jijuornt pidccx of stars for t)'(iHsit at Fori Ynlon. — The ri-i'ht a'^cension and the declination being given in the Ephem.'ris lor every tenth transit at Washiiigtou. tlu'se (piautiti's must be inter- jtolated for transit at Fort Yukon, adding the ditterence of longitude in time between Washington and Fort Yukon to the whole number of days between date of observation and date in Ephenu'ris. //. d. Longitude of Fort Yukon (adopted before final deter- minatioM) 0.(!2;53:? =0.401 Longitude of Washington O.L*3()73=0.1il4 •' I )ifferen','e in sidereal time O.lScjOl Dirteieiice iii mean time 0.1S04 K = teu times the daily rate of motion from Ephemeris ; ^Z=: difference between IJ and next following rate; / = number of days Irom date in Ephemeris to date of observation. 3Ieau ten days for interpolation — li + 4 {t -f 0.1805) Change of right ascension or declination, (upper culmination) — (/+0.18(;.-,) [ ^+^^^ (^+0.1804)]=^^^ (f+0.18Go)+^f^(^-f 0.1804)'^ The values of ^^^ (/-|-0.18G4)- have been tubulated (see Appendix A, page 78) with the arguments y and t. For lower culminations the change of position is — j^^(f+0.08o)+^,(f+t adiiiittiii^' (►!' a I(»ii^<'r scries, (see Appendix A. pa;^(' 71>.) Tlie ]»iul(al)!e eiior (dtiie moan oftlii' tlirt-ads is (»^.().">S. I'loiii tlie eipiatdiial iiiter\als. tlie ('(aicet ions for missed threads \ve;o determined in the usual way. (r.) Tilt' f((cU)rs for rontlitlondl and iioniKil ciimitiDiiH ha\e l)eeii toinied and tahidated in tho usual way. (/'.) TIti iiormdl itiiiiilion-s, their solutions, and the (h'terminatioiis of the chronometer correction and of instrnmental corrections from devia- tions in a/imiith and collimation thus useertained have heeii compnted in the iisnal way. The linal results are •;i\en in tlu- transit recurd. The olKSiTvations ofAn;^iist i) and 17 have been rejecte*!. On the former <»(casioii the adjnstmenl of th<' instriiiiK'iit had not been ]>eifected : and on the latter, the obervations wen; insnfiieient to determine the in- strumental corrections. (_'/.) Tlu cliriiiKHinfrf cornrlldii.s and theii' jtrobable errors for each day, as determined by the method of least sijiiares. are .uiven in -V]>j>er!di.\ A, lia;L'es SL' and i>c dctcnniiKifions. — The stars (Mn]tloyed were selected from the IJritish Association Catalogue. In the computation, nine i)airs, ;;i\ in,u- thirteen (h'tei'iiiinations, have l)eeii used. For a corrected list of the mean i>ositions of these stars tor isii'l, (January 1.) I am indebted t\ollL»i/); in which T— number of days, ehronom- 2. Final renuJtx. (1.) Lo)i(iiti((le of Fi .00 •' ii(K n The eh'inents of the eclipse for the hours 7, S, !), 10, 11. and ll*, (Ireenwich mean time, were coin[)uted and tabulated, and triun tlu^ values inteipolated for the times of contact, the ]oni;itude of Fort Yukon was determined as follows: I5v rtrst contact 0'' 30"' 10M»7 By last ccmtact 0>' 41'" '2:i\U The result by first contact is untrustworthy, owing to the character S. Ex. 12 4 50 RECOXNAISSANC'E OF TIIK YUKON RIVKR. ot' tlir olf~.-n:ili'»ll. wliitli li:is hccii iM'f'orc nllildcd to. I'ossiMv tlu' wKHi;: iiiiiiiift- »:('* r»'«i»nitil. lnit i'oiisidcriii;;' tlic miccit;iiiity of tin* oh- .st'i'ViM ioij. 1 have nut tlu»ii,i;lit if worth while to i('-c(>iii|»iit<' on this sup- position. i/>. ) llij tH*"'** *:-»hul»ntii>Hs. — Tiic ol)s«'iV('(l liiiics of transit writ' ror- rwtcil lor iustniimMiral lU'viations, wxnX the h»ii;.;itii(h' then (h'teiiniiH'd Ity the !ii«'th<«il ;:iv>'ii in the ( '(Kist Purvey liN'ixtit, l.SoS. itiij;«'S 1,S.S-1.SU, The H'>nh> an- as follows: Au-u>t21 «l'' 41'" 11 -.11 An-ii^-t 11' II'' 10'" r>4-.70 An-11-t :;:? !>'' n-" 11 .18 Tile r«'>iih frunii tin- oltser\'iitions of Auf^iist -L.M is rejected, as it (iiliers t l(^it> and I'.'Jl. and the correction of the latter for sidereal tinu' l»y Traii^'.tt oI»s#m\ ations. The ditVerence hetwi'eii the sidere:d times ol me;m liKMtn at Fort Yukon and lireenwich, divided by the hourly «ij«l«itiil»te«Hy erroneous, yives us, as a final result. !»'' 41"' 1()\(»4; mean of two values from moon culnnnations, !)'' 41'" 1 1M4.~). Either may l»e ado|*te«l. :i.> the ditfereuce is only l^ll, whiidi corresponds in this latitude to a di^tanee less than one-tenth of a mile. 1 have tlioii;;:lit l^est to ado[>t the jut'an from uioon culminations, ivhich makes the longitude of Fort Yukon !)'' 41'" IP.U.l— 145' 17' 47". (2.) L(titimh »f Fori Yukon. — The riyht ascension and declination of the stars ejiii»h»y«'il have been comi)uted from tlie values j;iven at the bc^iinniii;: of the year. In conse(iuence of the high declination of most of the stars, tlie eom])utation has been made by the second method, given on 3.;i;re 2i;» of the American E{)lienu'ris for bSOI). The obM-rvaiiuu?. were reduced in the usual way. The assumed chro- nometer ertrnei-tioji and the rate differ too little from the values finally deteiiiiine«| to afl"e<:t the result, the corrections for reduction to meridian being snijuH, Latitude of Fort Yukon. r.fP 33' 4G".87. The c««ui|»iitation is given in Ai)pendix A, ])age S4. (■"».) Lunyittfden of Anric ami Fort Adams. — Tlu' longitudes of St. Mi- <'haers Island ami Anvie were first deterndned by five chronometers, the data being th^oKserved clirom)mefer time of local mean m)oii at these jtlaces. ami at 8itka and Ounalaska, the known longitudes of the last- nauKMl ](laees. and the assumpti(ui of a uniform rate from Sitka to An vie. The ] I'ort Yukon, and the result* coneeted for change of rate determined as follows: p ) RECONNAISSANCE OF THE YUKON RIVER. 51 irst stilt i(»ii — ( 'liioiioiiu'tt'r tiiuc of im'iiii iitioii T| First stiitiiui — K'iito lii kS('('(ni(l stilt ion — (Miionoiiictt'r time of mciiii iiooii T.. Sccoiid stiitioii — liiite Ik.. Diiily iiicrciisc of riitc r Dirt'creiUH' of lonj;itn7(l)_f7)=I{.//+ [Ty-t) -(!{,- 1{ J f, ( J >-^') since D In this formula [— (li^— lio)j'.(U— ^7)] is a correction for the longitude, computed under the supposition of a uniform rate. Tlie rates of the diit'erent chronometere were found at Fort Yukon, from mean noon by chronometer L';J1, (assuming- the longitude as 1)'" OL'.^, the error of which assumption does not atfect the results,) is as follows: Chronometer {mean) 1009. INIean noon, August 10 1 M 3"M 0^44 Mean noon, August 7 1" 13- 48M]3 Gain -^f;-!!! 1 )aily rate — 0.(0 Chronometer {sidereal) -.'Jl. Gain in 21 hours sidereal time =3^^>llL^ (chronometer time :) 21 hours sidereal time = 21" 00'" o\5112, (chronometer time,) = 21''— 235M)lmeau ^ ^ 52 KKCONNAISSAXCE OF THE YUKOX KIVKli. tiiii(»; ;>'*.5M'J (cliroiioinctcr time) ^ ■>'*.'»1 sidciviil time :— •}■*.."»(» iim-jiii tiiiu*. I>;iily liitf oil iiiciiii time ^ L'ori'-.IU + ;i"',.jO —z -\- 'J'oWAi, (clnoiioinctcr tllllC.) Chrouoiucfi'r fmcaiij ll.j.'). ,Mcilii noon, \ii;;iist 7 1'' L'iC" ;; tMlO Mciin noon, An^nst L' 1'' l".i"' :WM:\ >'o rate on mean time, (cliiinjiin-iiirtcr rliis to a positive latc.) f'hrouomelcr {sidcvcal) L'OO. .^Fca;) noon, Au,uust 10 (>'' r)4"' L'tr.OS Mean noon. Anj^iist S O'' 4(1'" ;!.;m*S Gain in tliroe mean days — 7'" M»-.so tiaiii in one mean day'. =2;{;K40==()''.(K>l'7»M (lain in .14 horns, eludntMiieter time r-_ -)- i';ii'\7() ChroHomite)' {mruii) llilo 3rean m)on, An.unst 10 1'' t.'t'" ;57^S ."Mean noon, An^nst (! I'' 4"»"' l(»Mi (lain in 4 days -f I'lMi D.iiiy rate .*. + .V..'? The value ol' (li\ — 1{„) for each chronometer is obtain-'d as loHows : _ , , _ _ - _ _ _ . . Cliioiiniin'tcr— ICO!). ',»;',1. !'!."> >2r,ii. '217.'. X. ■10. -ji -j- -JitH. C/.t K. 0.00(1 Iv'.— K*„ + (1. 4s + i.T-.i + "J. t;sr. + 2;{:5.'.u i.i: A. + 1.6 -f :«. 1 I . . The values of the eorn'efisn \—{\l< — »'„). (i> — |)li«'d to the tlillerenees of hni^^itinle ol»taine. ;»(! (Il> .j.1. Ill (17 (II. to :i7 H. HI :n :)i.yi ;w («». .lit — 4. — (!. 41 H (1 .'(7 14 IKI •-IT. i^ti .'Hi. lit 1 !.")."> (IT v.':i. I(i ■JliO (IT (i:t. si.'i 1 !i.;ij —i-j. >M 07 1.1. -JI o; (ll.v!7 :i7 :i-j.()!t HH 12.07 : 1(1. -47. •.'7 •21 1 4^.i. ;)(> a47.'>. 07 -H.-Jl 1 U*. H(i 07 01. « 1 :)7 an. i:) ■ ■ ■ 1 Lonnitiul"' ' 111' Ativic 1 V, IH. 7.'! , I !' *.' '(■'■"•'^ ini W9fi,00| I jj. n!'St.:»liiOi:ii i s liil .'.•••.>,•'. (Ml 1(«) 07 10. 7:> I.'SUK. lit Kort Ailanis l.Vi :»0 11.05 RECONXAISSANC'K OF THK YIKOy UIVER. 53 (4.) J.KfUiidis of ril-nii/,i((lik, Aiir!<; Xiihifo. Fort Ail(()iis. ton] Sriuift's YiUaiic. — Tlie liitiliidcs lijivr Uccii (•(tiiipiitcd in the usiuil wiiy, tioiii ob- served eirciiiii-iiieiidiMii altitildi's of tlie sun ;it these |>l;ie«'s. The t'o!h»\viii.ii- t;d)h' .nives;i siiiiiiii;ir\' of I he ii'siilts from astroiiomicnl observations : Table of laliliKlts and loiu/ittKlc.s. Siiitiou. I.aliliiili' LiMiizitiiili'. I'ikinilvt;ilik ■ ' (;:'■ 11! n ' Aiivic fij ;!7 v!l ' nil MIT 11 Niiliito f.l .10 •>:', 1 Kurt Adams t;.') lis 11 l.Vj:!(!ll Sfiiafi\ X'illMur (I.'i -JO 'il , Furl Vukun tii! :!:i 17 !l."i IV .17 Cn A PM'KIJ IT. MAdNF/nc ()I".si:kvati()N>s. h. III. K. (I :)7 II. (« •J7. fll :<(>. *ii 4-i. :ii( ) The maji'iietie observations which I have to submit are fe\\- in nninl»er and were ol>taine(l with eonsi(h'ralth' dillicultv. The cirnimstaiiees jn- <'i(h'nt upon our moih' of traveliii^i' did not permit the use of the magnet ie instruments except at I"'ort Yukon. Wiiile at tiiat phiee my time was so miieli oci ni»ie'i I»y more pressinii' (bities that I had few oppiritiinities to ^ive atrention to matters outside of my instructions. A|»iM-eciatin;i-, liowever. the u'leat impoi'tance and interest wliich woiihl attach to ma^ iietic observations olttaiiied in so lii;ih a hititmh', I de\oted as much time as possible to this siil)ject, and I submit the results, regret tiny' that the data are necessarily set incomplete. The observations weie all made, by myself without assistance, and I miisi plead in further extenuation of their many imperfections my inexperience in work of this character. The ma.unetic ol>ser\ atory, i-oiisistinii of a small tent, was pitchc(l about litt.N' yards east of the asti'oiiomical observatory, this bein;^- the most distant position which was convenient and available. The poles were without ii'oii jiins oi- fasteiiiii.us. and the ^^reatest care was taken to remove from the vicinity ever\ thiiiu' which mi,i;ht atVect the position ol" the iiiaynet. The instruments emploved were theodolite maiiiietomi'ter No. 1*, and dip circle \o. 'J. both by Mi', William Wilrdemann, of Washinjiton. VN'ithin 1 he obser\ atory a sound piuepost w as lirmly imbedded. I piui it the declinomeN'V was placed for the o ■nervations for ma.unetic decli- nation and intensity. 'I'iie obscrvatS lis for varialioji in declinaliou were made on the ! ith and llllli dav of August, these beiii;.; the only days wliich 1 couh! spare Un' this purpose. 'I'lie observal ions of dellec- lion were made on t!ie 1 III), and those o!' v ibration. w ith and witlnmt the weight, on the Kith. Tiie observations lor iiia;;iielie iiiclinatiou vncic inaiie on tin -(ith. < Ml almost every ni'j;lit d".v!'!V (tiir stay at I'oil Yukon biilliunt dis- phivs of aurora vveic visible, 'i'lie presence of aurora undoubtedly seri- ously allected my majiiietie observations, Indeed, v ariatioiis due to somo iilnionmil a;;i>nl are plainly apparent. 4 I t 54 RECOXXAISSAXCE OF THE YUKON RIVER. ApiKUOiitly tlic cfli'ct of tin* aurora upon tlie sns]»('n(l<'(l needle was to draw it stroiijily to tlie eastward. To tliis statement, liowexcr, there is one notalile exception. An observation taken at 0'' lid'" a. ni. on tlie ir>tli. daring- an interval of tlie astroiiondeal observations, at n liieli times there were slight indieati<»ns of aurora in the sUv, indieates a v<'ry j^reat dellection in the opposite dire('ti<»n. My recollection of the ciremn- stances nmh'r which this <»bservation was nnide do not jnstify its rejec- tion as an err(»r in the record, llesides this horizontal delh'ction, the nniiiiM't was often aiiitated vertically. The record shows this to have l>een the case al 11'' ."id"' p. m. on the Kith, and at Id'' I.")"' ji. in. on the same day slij^ht oscillati(»ns, both horizontal and vertical, were oliserved, w liich I i>resiime were jtrodiiced Ity the same cause. The amoral li,uhts were nmst Inilliant in the northeast or about the inajiiietic north, and Irom that <|nart«'r traveled in Hushes over tin- sky toward the west and south. They presented the appearance of a series of delicate, tiaiispiiient. silken (^irtains of a soft, white <*olor. lirillianfly illnminat«'d. and moving through the heavens with a slow, waving; mo- tion, with many foldings ;ind imlbldinji's, ws if s\\a.\('d li\ licntle itreezes. < )n one occasion thc> apparently camt; so iieai' the eai Ih thai they seMiied almost within the reacli ot an outstretched hand. Some persons say that dnrin^i' these displays they haxc heard a low, siiihin;;' sonnd : but this I have never noticed, and I am inclined to con- sider it as an acoustic! illusion. So imjiressive is the effect produced by tlu se phenomena that the \erv stillness seems to be audi!)le. The record of magnetic observations and also the comiHitatioii of the xarions magnetic (piantities will be Ibund in Api»endi.\ I!. The <'orree- tioii in declination Ibr each day has been obtained by taking' a mean of the obs( rv«'d variations, rejectinj:' one (►bser\ation on the Kith, at which time an aiiiiormai motion was noted. The obserxation on the irith is also rejected. A mean of the corrected declinations for the two liays is assumed as tlie most probable alisolute value. The experiments ol dellection were made ill the usual maiinei , with the dellectiny maj:iiet at three distances. The value of the ratio >f the magnetic moment of 1 h-' dellector to th' horizontal inti'iisity, determined at the nearest dislunce. ditfers so miu-h from the other determinations, even atfer the ••ejection of one doubtful observation, that I have tliouj;ht ]»roper to reject it and take as the most [)robable xaliie the mean of the other two results. The other computations d(» not rcipiin' exitlanatioii. Tin' final results are as follows : Forf Ytil.oii, A l(islit(. c ----- (KP IV.V M" A : Ito' 17' 17" Absolute majiiietic declination : .'>ns— a i/rrrrin: of foi;t VrKON. [, Ohscrnifioiis. — The instrnmciits ciiiploviMl in rlicsi^ (thsciN atiuiis Avci. cisrcni Iciidiiu'ti'is. Nus, Kill!) iiiitl ItJl.'). mikI norniiil ohs('rviirion>. the t';)i- lowinji' results were ol»taine(l: X(). l(.;i;;_("()n(.ciion to standard, at .".L'" V.. — O.OL'f.!* in. No. KKlil— Convi tion to standard, at oL'- F.. — O.dl.'iS in. Concetion of No. KJO'.t to No. lOl.".. at .")L*^ V.. o.dl.SI in. On Septendti-r I'd, isdlt, l)aronn'ters ld(i!t and idl.'> were eomiiared .il St. .Micliaers J.dainl, and the difierence at '111" l\ was found to I.e (l.(ll<17 iricli, indieatin.n' a possihie ei'roi- of (l.Oi).".(» inch. l''or a set of observations at St. .Michael's Island, extending;' o\ cr three months. I am indelttetl to the voluntary assistance of i'aptain IJiedeJl. then in ehar.^c of the tradin;.i'-starion at that place. These oltser\ations were commence. I .1 uly .'J. and terndmited on Septemiier lid. jsr.",!. 'I'ley wei'e made four limes daily, at the hours most convenient for<'aptain liiddell. \ i/: t' a. m., il! m., ;» \). m.. and '.t [i. ni. 'I'hey com|>risc — 1. Iicadinii' of Itariunetei'. L'. Heading', td' atla<'hed thermometer. .!. Keadiu;:' of thermonu'ter. o. Direction of tin' wind. «i, l-'orce of the win. Iveimirks. The instiiim«Mit empl(»\ed at this station waseisiern harone fi-r No. idl;;. Dnrin.n' our journi'y on the river Miudaroliservi lions w i-re nnnh' al < "r- I'espondin.u h(»urs. \V'hen t laxclin;:' w e employed the ambroid liai' nuler. When (»pporlunity otiered for ()i)servatioti op -hore. the teiii Itinoni- eter (No. I (!(>'.») was used, and the ol>ser\ations wee made w 'honi rciiard to Iniiirs. The observations weic principally made by Mr. .1. .', Major, assisted l)v I'rivate I'oley. 'I'hey extend from. Inly I to.lub . isdtJ. Ob.servations were nnide at !''ort ^'ldvon from .Vuju'usf ."» to .Vn.^nsl L.*."*. 1S»;!>. They etnnprise the sann- eharaet«'iof iidbiination ts tliat ol)tained at St. Miciiael's Island. 'I'hey exteml from !• a. m. to > p. m.. and are. as a ueneral rule. i'eeionsand some (»bser\ ations between the hours, as oeeasionaIl\ \\e were all iinulfan«'- (tusly oeciii»ied in other duties. I'riv.ne Michael I'oley. ued. , the direc- tion of Mr. Major, was the oiiseivcr. II. Allitiidrs, — The circumstances of the expedition ibd not permit a series of ol),servat ions to determine horary correct ions, or the hei;Liht o St. .Micliaers Island above the level of the sea. Ibirin;; theJonriie\ the obs(rvations on shore -At any one jilaee were neci'ssarily few in numlier. Moreover, the oliserv at ions aic not taken at such hours as to .uive a re- liaiile mean daily lemperalnic. An at tempt to <'on struct a prolih' of the river from the dat:i obtained would, therefore, be useless : brcall.^e. i! i r>o KEC0NXAI8SANCE OF THE YUKON RIVER. «;\vin«; to ilir ;i'>M\t' i(iiisiil<'r;iti()iis jiinl tlic iiiiccrtniiitv iirtacliiii.u' to ob- s«Mv;iri.iiis ill ;i lii;;li hititiidc. tlu' onor in jiliifiidc (if iiiiy ])(>iiit would lti«»l»;i1ily Ik' ;i.s nr.'iit ;i.s its dirroiciicc in licinlit jihuM' tlic next lower jMiiiir i-|»ro\iniiitely the liei;^lit of Fort Vnkon iihove the level of the sea. For this |»iii|)ose, oliservntions at eorresi»ondin,ii' /ser\ at ions tlKM'Xtciiial tiMiijiei-.iniie was not recorded. These li.ive been ai'i allied ill a set by tlieiiisel ves, tVoiii which the alti- tude h;!s iieen coiii|tiitrd separately. The reiiiaiiiiii.u (»bsei\ ati(»ns form a siiijLiic s«'t from which the altitude has lieeii <'("iii>uted ami coiniiared \i irh rill' lirst result, l-'or the piirjiose (>t' distinction, the liist set is called A. and the set ond 15. The formula and tallies j;i\cn by Lieiuc naiit Colonel 1'. S. \\'illiaiiison i:. his •• I'.aroiiierric lly|is(»iiietry." ( I'rofessional I'apers of the ( 'orjis ot" I'.nmni'crs Fnireil States Ariiiy. No. lo.) lia\e been employed in the computation. The following; is the foiniula: 1(1 -f ().(ML'(;i:r»7 cos I'L) ,! + >") h The viluc of A ]t)i>: WHS lirst deterniiiied as Ibllows: Fioni set A — A lo^- ^ ;>,")S.(; It ; /•„ -IT.o; \vei,ulit, )),=-- 1 Floiii vet IJ — A lo;: =^.;il.O ft; /■„ - 11.;; : wci-ht. p,, -^ l.;J: w— l': (p) r=-.2.:]; {)i l>) --.sn.'"..s Mean of sets by weight — - = ... .- ;5o(U: /•„ = (». (-17,/ '-"•^•' ^4.!Mt. A mean of the values obtained by coiiiiiariiiji' oliscrvalioiis at i-ach h, and tlic lollowiiiL; i>. the linal result : A lo- ' ;;.-.(>. 1 1 J.f) feet. 11 • uix'ONNAissa>:cp: of the ytkon uivkr. 57 ('iin«TtioM iVoin set 15 = -f- lM.(». Ilci^ilit of Fort ViiUoii iihovc St. .Micluicl's Islainl = ;i7l' feel i 4.{> f.-.-t. M>tiiii:it«'(l lu'ijilit of St. ."Michael's Islaiitl altovc the level of the sea = 40 feet. nei;ilit of Fort Yukon ahove tlie lexcl ot' Ihe sea - 41- feet. All til*' olisej-' atioMs are j;iveii in ApjtendiK l>. as they have a ineto or«»lo;rieal interest. The ('onipntations oi' the altitude ol Foit Yukon, set> A anai;e Hi' ol' the same ai»pen(li\. CIIAPTKK IV Till-: :\iAi\ eaeli It Four maps (»f the Yukon U'ww have heeii imldishod. The lirst was (■on>tin<'teil l»y liieutenant Zauosiun. from reconnaissances made 1>\ liiui in the years isti and 1S|;5. It «'\tends o:dy to a short ultlislied in San l-'raneisco in lS(i'.>. It is const iiicied on Mei'cator's pi()jection. The lower part of Ihe Yukon l*i\er is prol»a- M> taken tioni Zaj;()skin's map. The upper jiortion seems to he allo- j;«'ther ima^iinary. In the sjuiny of 1S(i<) the map of Mr. I'lcderick Wliyinjtei' ai)p('nvey 3Ir. \Yhym]ter durin.u' a lajiid canoe Journey fr(»m Foil Yukon. Mr. Whymper puhlislu'd this nnij) simjdy as a sketch, not claimin.i; for it an\ de;j;ree ot' accuracy. It ]ios>esses. of course, many defects, hut. con>idei in.u' t ne lished the nmp of IMr. AYilliam II. Dall, late director of tlu' scieiitilic coi-ps «(f the tele,uiai>h exploration. This map iin-iudes the whole Territory of Alaska, ami is on a small scale. The lower i»ortion of the ViUvou is liased. I presume, on the map of Za;i()skin, Inil it lias recei\«'d u'.any correclions. The ^ ukon helta is taken from the rectmnaissance ofCapiain Smith, ami the upjiei' portion of the ri\er from .Mr. Dall's liearni;;s ami estimated distances, obtained dnrin.u' ■: canoe Jounu'y from I''ort Yukon, in which lie was the companion of Mr. Whymper. .Mr. Dall also had Ihe bem-lit ol' >everal year.s* experience on tiie lower part of the river. This is the most satisfaclorx nmp that has appiared up to the present time. tliouLili it conlanis, ol Cnuse. >onu' errors which could no! well ite a\oided w itiioul asironomical oltsei \ alion>. It is eonslnicied on the pol\conic project ion. The map which I liavi- the linaoi titsubmil with this icporl i> niainl> tin* ri'sult of my 6\vii lahors, ami those t»f .Mr. .Major, m\ assi>lani. NN'e 58 RECOXXAISSAXCK OF TlIC YUKON RIVER. i do not ohuiii. Iu)\vt'V(>r, for our rocoiiiiiiissjincc, wiiicli wii>< in most ro- sjuN-ts »»f ih*' Ntini>I»'st cliiiriU'tcr, tin' iicfiuMcy of a survey. Xcvcrtlic- It'ss. our ;Klvatit;i.u:k's, ill sonic pitrticulurs, so uiucli cNcciMlcd tlioso ot" ]uvvJoas ex|»U>ivrs, tliat 1 i» yroutcr is con- siruclttl truuM our observations. Thest» «>l»s*'rvations wei'ks, which <'ould l)e conveniently <'arried in the hand or ]>ockof. Till' left hand pan'c was ruled in columns. In the first C(»lumu the latter was estimated usually from the ol>servod lime »»ecui>ied by a small i>iece (>f wo(mI tloatinj;' l»y the leni;th of tlu- sid-anu-r. Oil t!u' n::rf»t hand pa.ii'e mis(n'llanoous information of every character was n<»t«HK .stteb as the width of the rivei', (estimateosition of the boat with ivtotvrice to t!ie axis of tiie str;'am ; the positioii^ of islands; tlu* |»osiiionsof the nu>uths of tributaiies : their innnes. directions, and iicncmJ Hianieter: the topoii-raphy on l)oth Itanks, occasionally illus- trate»Ui:h sketches: the timber: the u'colo^ical characteristics; the ]>osinonsand nauu'sof villa.uesand tradin.u-statnms. (.\:c. It was the «luty of t!u' observer tot»btaiu and note as much infornmtion as possibh? iVom n.uiwsaud other persons ac(piainted with any p(Utions oi' the river. When r4"li»'\"ed. the (»bserver rec(U'ded tlu' whole (listance trav«'led (esti- matcil ) «lnrin.:^ his tour of «luty. Tiic ni;i5» is e»»ustriu'ted on a polyconic i)roje( tion. the taltles published by tlu' Ituiv.tu of Navi,uati«)n, Na\y i)ei)aitnuMit, bein,i;' used. The scale is 1 inoh to .'.(^OUO feet, or ,;„,/„„„• The itaniHots and meridians liaviui^' been constructetl. tin' positions of tlu' ]Mtints known from ;istroiioinical observations, namely, i'edoubt St. IMichai-rs. Anvtc. Nulato, l'\nt Adams, and P'oit Vukon, were carefully located. The line of travel was tluui plotted from the itiiu'rary on a lar.m' scale, forty shtvts lH'iu.u: used. Tin* distance (in yards) correspomlin.u' to uny course was assumed as proporti(Mnd to the estimated rate ]tcr hour. In this pix-Iintiaary consiruction sixteen hundred and fifty c»»n |{«Hh>ubr St. .Michael's to Anvic: from .An vie to Xulato; from Nulato lo Fort Adams: and from Kort Adams to lM)rt Vukon. li: this (••mstvurjion tliecouises shown on the preliminary sheets, bein;;' too small to be plottetl on the scale of the map, w<'i'e reduci'd to lonyer om's. Tlui KECONNAISSAXCK OF THE YUKON RIVER. 51) lljlillc COIl- kIiovc-IIik's wcro (lien ('nrcfiiUy skct'-licd in from tho notes, tlie luclinii- Hiiry sheets heiii^' (H)nsiilte(l !it eveiv stej*. The four sect HMis were then rediuM'd (in h'lijjth) and "swunj:' in" lie- tween tile (h'terniined jtositions at their extremities. In every instance, the estimated distan<'es were found to he t(io yreat. Tiiis is (»win^ partly to ilie fact that nniny slight elianjics of diicetion, taliin;,^' in the lii'uri'- ftiite c<*nsideral>le time, are neuleeted, and somewhat, prohably. to a iiatnr;.] overestimation, in travelin^i' ui> stream ajiainst a stron.^' current. I'nch'r the eireamstanees <»!' tlie expedition, (lescrihed in a pre\ ions chai)ter, we found it diflicult to obtain corrections for clmnjie in maj;- netie variation. Owinu' to the pr(il)ai»h' ])osition of the na.^iutic poh' tlie change is not ^real between Nulato and I'ort Yukon. Ind'cd. tiie error in measurenuMit of thean,ule between two couises due to a nej;lect of this ehanjic must be within the eri'or of the readiny'. Tliis may be re;;arded as <4('neially true lor the lower jjortion ot' the river also. The directions of the llist section of the river from the mouth to Anvic are pi'ol>ably the most in error, Xevertheh'ss, by this construction An- drcavsky and the .Mission fall very near the points where they have been hei'ctofoi'e located, and this portion ()f liie ri\<'r agrees well in other respects with previous niajis. The latitmles Ity const luction at JMkmiktalik and Semiti's \'iIIajL;e a>;ree well with theolisrrxcMl latiiudes, The(»utline of the coast trom Kotzebue Souml to St. Michaefs Island isfrcun the map of the Tnited States Coast Survey. The outlines of St. 3Iichaers and Stuart's Islands, except the side ol the latter bordering; on "the canal,"' are v.niw Mr. Dall's majt. The country east of wSt, Michaers IslamI, includin;;' the llat country l)t>rderinjH' the coast, the valley of the (lolsova Uiehka, and the valley (»t the ri>per Anvic, are from notes ami a sketch nuide durin;;' our portaj;e to the coast. The hills parallel to the coast, from St. ^lichaefs to a point near An- dreavsky, are merely in«lieateh ("ompany, which J have adapted to my own oiiscrvations. The triltutaries as far as the Anvic ar«', with tlie exception of the nH)Uths, sketched trom iidbiination obtained from tradeisaml natives. The country in the vi( !uity of the ptnta.uc troai the Kousl;okvim i;i\ er to the Yukon is taken tiom a sketch m''de at my itMpiest by Mr. Zandt, a trader, who traversed it early in the summer of iSO'.t. The .\n\ic l'i\ keepc«)nstant ly at work at the patldles. The Sha;j;('lo(»k Slouch ^with the exceptitui of i. cut ranees, ami the cross sloujihs, which were obsci\cd) ami the Shajidook Ki\er are taken from the nuip of Za;^oskii!, and niformation from tiaders. The tributaries ■iciU'rallN , as I'ar as Nulato, w ilh the exception (»f their nHtidhs, are taken from the reports ot' traders and natiws. The nntiith of the Kaiyiih li'i\ ci was not oiisei\ed, but, as its existence is undoubti'd, it has been sketched in tiom the map (»f Mr. l>all. The valley of the Inalachleet 1»M\ cr, and the topo;:raphy Ix't ween that river ami the Yukim, except the country borderiuji; the latter, has bei-n indicated jicm'rall.N Irom Mr. DalPs map and desciiptituis. i'he Ku\iikid< I{i\er and its tiilaitaries are taken from a r(m;'.h sketch made by Cajdain liiedell, sui»eriniendenl of the tratUnystatiou at St. (\0 KECOXNAIS8AXCE OF THE YIKOX RIVER, ^licliaol's Tslainl. iiiid from iiiloniiiitioii collcctcil innon.n" the tiii'^-rs ninl natives: ami tlif Tosckar^iit iJivcr and its hiaiiclics arc- olitaiiifd lioni tin- saiitc siMiitc. Tlic triliiitaiics, yciM'rally, IVoMi Xiilalit ti) I'oit Yukon, with the ex- ception of their mouths, are taiven iVom the reports of traih'rs and natives, and theTanam'i Iviveris based upon a rou.i;h sketch and descrip- tion olttained Irom a nati\('. The ishinds liaxc ;,;-enerall.v been carefully h»cat('d. ISetweeu thelfam- pailsand I'ort Vukttn, however, the rixcr is so wide, and the islands are so luimerous, that accurate determinatitMis of tlu'ir i>osition was tound impracticable. The islands aloujn' the channel traxeled \v«'re noted, and the rest fdh-d in from the descriptions and rou;^h sketches of nalives. The tradinji-stations and villa.u»'s ar-' all caretully locati'd frouj the notes. F.veii rarhcs and graves Innc Iteen marked, sini'c thev niay be useful as huul Miaiks to futiii'c exploicrs. For names in common iisi' amon.u the traders. 1 lia\'e, in every case, adopted tlic customary orthography. Such names are I' iKthirhhrt. An- (Ircdrsl://, Anrir. Xiihtto, \iicli(c(ii/itt<\ Tunami. Other names (such as those of nati\(' viljajn'cs and small tributaries) were mtted in the itinerary and si'i'Hed so as to represent tlie pronunciation as nearly as possilde. This spejlin,!.; has occasionally been subsopu-ntly simplilied, but ,u'ener- ally it has been retained w ithout change. 'JMie ])honeti<* system proposed and emi»lo\ed by Mr. Dall has its advanta^'cs, but I lia\«' not felt at lil)eity to follow it in cases where other forms are actually in use. -Many names are uiven which will n«»t be found on other maps, and some which lia\e been j^iven by others are omitted. 1 have also for ;i fi'W localities irscd ditferent nanu-s from those heretofore employed. These discrepancies nniy be accounted for iiy the fact that the native \iIla,L;('s (with a few exceptions) ar<' constantly chan;.;in.i;', s<»me bein;;'' aliaiidoned and others constructed. .Vnother cause of dilfcreiice in names is the uncertainty of the souices of inl'ormation. I have in nearly all cases used the iianu's actually reemded in the itinerary: luit 1 cannot claim for them anyde;i;ree of correctness <;re.iter than that of the nanu'.s enii»l(»yed by others. An outline nnip of Alaska and adjacent territory, sliow'in, in which, however, all known errors have been corrected. I have constiucted a table ol'ilistaiK'cs on the Yukon IJiver, and alon^ till' coast to St. Michaers Islaml, which will be found in Appendix 1), l»a,u(' 11.). In these deterndnatious the following' nu'thod has been i-mployed : The distaiu'e (on a yreat circle) between two points, deter- mined by astrononncal observations, was computed lirst from the known latitudes and lon,uitudes, and, secondly, from the observed cmirses and estimated distances. It was then assumed that the second c(unpide(l distance is to the iirst as the estinmted lenjith of any course situated l)etween the determined points is to the triu' K'U^i'th. 'I'he errors were founilto be always positive, and consequently the corrections aie always iic;iative. The river was divided into live parts and the eorr»'ctions were dcternniH'd separately for each part. The averaj^c correction is alxiMt o.L! I of the est imated distances run. This method involves two .sources of ina<-curacy. Tiie first is the assumption that for a short dis- tance (say two hundred miles) the errors in otimation are ino]>ortioiial lo the distances run. If is thought that llu' errors arising from this RECONXAISSANCK OF THH Yl.'IvOX UlVfJJ. ni sonrcc nrt- not serious. ;is no iittciiipt lias liccii made to estiiiiat<^ smaller fractions than half a mile. The second is the fact thai no i-orreetion is applied lur errors in direction, the data iK'in;^' i"^>itlicient loi' their deter- mination. It is to he oltserved, however, that the ciuisftnif error in the measnrement of an an.u'h' between two conrses with a sluwnio\ in^' needle is ]»ositive, re(inirin;;- a system of i»ositi\ e corrections to he ap- plied to the ne<;ative eovreetions determined for the estiniat«'(l dis- tances — in (»ther W(»rds. the distam-es as determined are prohahly a little too small : hnt as an allowance must he made for nnnecessary tninini;s, ami the fact that the shortest course was prohahly not always taken. I have tluMi^iht hest to n»'uhlished is uiven hy Mr. Dall. in "Alaska and •its IJesonrces." Mr. DalPs character as an ohservei' denmnds for it a liiinh decree ot lespect. A comparison of the distancfs estimated hy Mr. Dall and hy myself will exhihit many apparent discre]»ancies, hut I helieve that they may all he satistactorily accounted tor hy the lollowin.u' circnmstances: 1st. :Mr. Dall estimated alonj.;' the (nis ul' the river, while I estimated alonji' the traM'led channel. I'd. Mr. Dall necessarily assumed cmtouoous ]iositions for some ]>oints which are now located with tolerahle accuracy; h)r instance, Kort Yu- kon and the mouth of the Tosekarjiiit. .")d. Mr. Dall estinmted while travelin.y down the sticam. wliereas I osiinnited a;iainst the current. TheditVerencesilue to the tirst two causes mimed can he approximately ascertaincil. ami I have, in fact, computed them for a lar^e poition of the river; hut it seems unnecessary to. discuss the suhject at length in this l»lace. The general coiiu-itleuce of the results conlirms nw in the belief that mv talde of distances is reasouahly uccurate. I i I ■fti ) A P 1» K \ D I \ A . KEcom) AND i:i:i)I(:ti'»v' ok astijoxomical oijsicifw. TIONS. ) oi5si:kvatioxs with skxtant. N'OTl;.— Only till' <)l).sti>atii>iis iinjili^yr I ii> lliv c'linimtiiliotis mv given in tliii* miiirinlix. Sitka. .Ijnil -JV, I-tlD. Scstaiit \o. 4 iiitil linii/fiii iif innriiiy— M. T. cliiononMl.T X,,. .-.ll'.i, l,v IJniniiKl-Ol.s.'i vcr, Cai.tain ( hailis \\ . liiiy iiKinil, I'liiti d .Stitt>'H KnuiniMiH— Ki'ci.nlcr, Mr. J. J. .Mii.joi ^ -:tv (w rn" x. a= idjo itj' o-j" \v. Olijict olisci Vfd. Unu'ri lo\v( r liiiili, a. m (Icml.l.alti- rim... .fob- I tuilf. «'>vati..li. Olisiivcd ... . Ol.J.'.t ol.s.TVtd. .l..iilil.iilti- ""'<•".'"''■ i tint... i "-'vat...... J 1 it h. III. K. \ O 1 II 1 ' h. VI. !< Kl Id (K) 11 o:i o:i. H Sun's I.iw.t limli. ti. m ... m; on oo •i .".!! Ill .1 M (10 o:i :t7. ti K") ."lO 0.1 ."•O .■)7. 4 H IM (III 04 ;).->. f 40 00 ■1 00 :u. i 10 00 o.-> .-..v H no 00 01 .">:t. i SO 00 ot; ao. -4 90 00 O-J 40. (1 :io (H) 07 lO.O 10 00 o;i :t.'>. i) 00 m ['.>' (HI (10 04 4.'>. .lO (M» 00 I'J. 1^4 .^)0 (HI 05 40. 1 W 00 00 10 11. T 40 00 I't! .'U.-J 10 uo 11 0.-).8 ao 00 07 -,'7. 4 •iH) 00 :io 00 11 .-)H. H lit 10. M so 00 10 (M) O.' •J7. !j 0!( -i.'i. ,■< ■10 00 i:) .-.!•. fi 00 00 10 '>. 6 no 00 14 .-.!!. 8:1 .'iO (Ml 11 O'.l. 'J eC 00 00 1 o .V). 7 40 00 , 1-J OS. I'..L;iiiMiii:.'..t<.l.-ns: lianiiiiit.c, ;tO.;i,-)0: »li.nii..in.t>r, 41I-.0 1. Kii.l .itdbs.'ivalimi.s: Jian iri- .to. 100; tliiiMioimtrr, jj .,J0. ' ScKtant X.>. I auil Inn CI u.l luin/.m of nii'iriiiy— M. T. .•lif..Ml4!l, by Hanaiiil— Oli.sciv.T. ("aiptain laiL.s W . KayiiKHiil, I'nittMl States Knsi"''''''*— lii'L'<>ii , C'iilitniii CliHvlih \V. UmmiiihiiI. Ciiitiil SI.iI.-.h Kimiii.v .+— Kccnnlv. Mr. .I..I. Mii.i<.i. OlljfCt (ll).S(TV('ll. 8uu'» Uiwcv liiiib. II. Ill . . . »»>K('I'Vf(l tltmUli'iilti- tuilf. Tiiiicof (ili- hciviiti'iii. ,:> t n h. VI. *. <)M ()(( no \\i <:t oil. li III nu •i:t 44.'.> •JO 00 n :tvMi :io uo 4:. OH. 4 40 Ull ).-, n.-i. 1 no 00 411 :iii. II 04 00 till 47 Hi. 4 1(1 00 47 41). 4 'j» Wl 4- n-i ;io 00 4'l -Jl. 4 40 m no JO. -J :>» iio no 40. li 05 Ull ou ni -^4. 4 10 OH ,Vi U6 'JO tin :,'i ni. 4 :.(> : 40 0(1 3« 44. r, :io no 37 'JO. li JO (III :tf 1-j.ti Id (Ml 3> W. (i on ii(i 30 im.i; o:t no on 40 11.0 40 (HI 4(1 n3. 8 ;in 00 41 40.1:? jn (III 4'J l-J. el HI no 4-j nn. 00 uo 43 ;w. 4 15t;;inoU.«; IJimmictcr, 30.3n0 ; tfHTFii«nn-tc'r, 54 '.nO. Kml ■• r.i«Mliu-lir. 30.4.70; thirmomrti r, .nO'.OO. Sr. MuiiAKl.'s isi,\.\i>, .liihi 1, l-'4i!». ««'xtanl :Vii. 4 iiiiil linri/dli u( mi nun - AI. T. rliiiuiiiinclc c .V... ni 10. Iiv Itniniiul— OOwrvcr, Cuptniii Clmri.nAV. I!;i.\iminil, I'.iilnl .S4;iti'» Kiijjiiircrs— UitiuiUt, Mr. J. .J. Miijnr. >;> 03' JH' 00' N. A . Uil-' n-J "Jf ' \V. OliMi'ivrd I., I ,,, . I 1 I 1 1 1.' I 'riiiii'iii'iii Object iilim 1V...I. iloul.l.-iilM „„,.,.,„i„„ tmli'. iiuii'sluwir linili, 11.111 p. Ill . . OlljlM't (l^.-iTVI'll. 41l)Hf|-V( ll ilnlihli' iiIp. tmlc, I '^ I JI 03 rio 00 { 04 no 00 I to no to '.;.">. I ' '.jn m -JI 111 3(1 00 'JJ 'JO. H HH rJO 00 , 3 40 3(1. 4 10 ou I 50 'Xl. 'J ] 00 (K) 51 14.4 »1 50 (Ml S'4 Ili, H h. m. H. ' l-J Mi 44.4 Huu'it liivst-'i'Uml), |i. m 17 51. 'J I O I II .! 87 40 no Ti HUM it'll) I itiTvaliiiii. h m. »■ 3 73 30. «i 00 j nn M. 4 III no I ,nti -411. 4 (HI (HI 57 44. 4 WI 50 00 40 00 30 00 >J0 (HI 10 (NI .n- .n4.'J 4 IH< 01.0 (II 07. (i O'J (Hi. U3 03. 'J Uaromi'l»i,rjO,tnO; tluiimimoUT, (MS^.OO; iiulfx i-imi, 0. 9 IlECONNAISSANCK OF THK YUKON KlVEit. 61 Ohncrra 'iinis ivilli 'ii.iliiiit — ('imliniu'd. i'lli.MlK I.M.IK, July 4, l!H\'J. % .Si \l;iiit No. 4 iiinl liiiiiziiii of incriiirv — M. T. clii-oiKniMtiT Xo. ."il 10, liy Itiiraiid— Ob.Hi iviT, Cui>taii Cll.lllr.s \V. KilV IMolld. I'l itiil .Si.itis I',ii-ii IS — Krcoiilir, Mr. .I..I. Major, tfi ii:i' 1.1' 11" A itWJ -if,' Oil" 1 OlmiTVcd TixHofol..': -„ . . , , i <>l.s.-rv.-d ^. ,,,.,,,: ,, OliiiM't oUsi r\ 1 <1. 1 dimhlialli- ■'*'"'""• ' tad.'. il i OllJfCt ollSi TVcil. ilolltilfillli- tllilr. 1 'rime of oil- -irv alioii I {. 1 1 o ' 't 1 h. 'M. ». ! ' '-' ' " k. m. x. iSiiii « lower liiii\>, i;. iii !)" IK) (10 Vi M 07.0 1; Sun's lo\v. 7 ■j!i :io ,50 00. 4 In nil rr, 11.4 •JO no •J (III .'.,"1. 4 l.'i (III .'I'.i ii.'i. a 1 ■J7 nn nl 1-J. -JO 00 1 nil 117. I •J7 nil 111 ."lO. ■S> no ni :i4. ! •Jl .■^iii il'J .'iJ. -J ] :)o (HI (I-; .'.7. -i ! W 1)5 o;i 4.".. rt i iW :i« .III I .'ill no. rt 1 |H :i5 04 ■If. 4 p. in — ;«) 10 54 Oi 4 ' 1 15 55 Uo 40. II liiilix cfior, 0. Aw If. ./((/// 1:!. 1 ■•(,;•. 8i'XtiUit N'li. 1 ii!iil liuii/ipii iif miniiry- -M. r. cliioiioiiiilrr No. ir.O'.i, li\ lUi.is and (ri'i^liloi -oh.sfrvir. «;.Jl»tiiili (jiiiillr.H W. liiiyiiio'iii , rnilcd Stat(-.'< Knuiin'< r.^— Ui'coiiU r. .Mr. ./.J. .Miy ir. la^ 01' 00" A 15'.>' 4J' UO" i ■ Olwcrvf'd : 1 Tinii'ojoli- (jhiiit ol).si i\ (it. dmiiili alii- Ol.j.M ol.. . I-..1I. Muiii.l.'Mlti- Tiiui'of oil * tmlf. m.'rvatioii. ^ .1 V . . . > . t .. ' '•"' xrrvalion. 1 nil on 4- III. 7 :(o on .■^lil ;■!•. 5 I \ f.i :<[) nn !0 I'J. 5 40 (Ml 51 ."i7. ' , 40 IKI ;.ll 1.5.5 ,'>o 00 .Vi ,".4. ;;;) ihi 51 'JI.7 f4 00 00 .V! ,■■7. '40 (HI ,".'J 17.5 10 00 57 5'.i. in nn .'r.l 07.5 •ill on .V 4.'i. 1 nil no 51 jn. :mi no ,"i!l ."lO 82 .".0 (H) ,'i5 In. 7 'III iin I'J III nn. n ,'in no .".(i ,'iO. 5 .'til on n," on. o)) (,() 57 40. ;j Sun's upii- r liinli. 11. ni . . . . W 4'^ 15 'i '.'« 5f, 5 ' 10 00 ,> 44.0 1 4t 0.-1 ai 'JO 00 IN) .50 ;ii..'i 1 1-.! no .'M -JO. 11 81 ,50 on 5 0(1 4:1. :i 1 11 nn ,15 •J.5. 1 4(1 0(1 Id 11.5 1 4U OU ■ ■ ! :i« Jii. 1 loiiU't.'r. (ir.( ' UU IH) uu x^. 3 H.'u'iiiiiiiij: IViioiiiiicr, QO.;>'a; llitrn 0. Knd: naioniclrr. 'jn.tmo: tlicrnumi I'liT, (rp..5o. Index crrol-, 0. \'i-i..vi(i, Jiiiii r.', i-(;it. ^ St'stniil No. n nni! liorjzon oC iiiricni'v- -Nf. T. ' liiiinniinirr No. ICOO. liy ItllsH and ('niy;litoi 1— oiwervir. Cujitiiiu (lull lit \V. U;i>iniiiii 1. roilid Siati'.i KiiKinci IS— lii'ioidi T, Mr. .I..J. Sla.ji U'. 0^(1 4-^ 40' 3:1" A-aSt!' W 00" « .......... (Mill rvnl Tillii.iil'nll (UmiTMlI Ii."vutloii! . *^"^''''^ ol.....rv.il. douldialll. j tutlo. Omtict oliHri'vi'd. doiildialti' \ t)id«. 1 'rinii'ofoli' wrvntliiii. Sun's lowvr Uinb, n. ni . .. . " ' " I *. m. «, 71 .m 00 j II (I'J l,V5 Sun '.■< low.T llmli, a. Ill 10 no I 0:1 o,!. II U) 00 i 04 oa, V T'J (H) IH) 10 00 A. til. M, 11 04 ,57.0 05 .:o. lluromptcr, 30.9.M ; thrrrnomctiT, 74".0O; Intli'x error, — 3' 30". Ui 68 llECONNAISSANCK OF THK YUKO\ RIVEK. ObgcnuttioiiM irith vrr^i.'i/— Coiitimu'd. F..itT Adams, JitlyU'A, 18f.I). Sfxtant Xo. U anil lioiJZDii cif mi'imiy — M. T. i-liniiioiiu'tiT Xo. I(i09. Ii\ IUImm uml ("rclnlifoii — OltmTvcr, C.iptiiiii Chavlts \V. K.i.viihiikI, I'liitril .Sliiti'S Kli«iini rs— KccuidiT, Mr.l.J. M;tjiil\ 0.:«j= Ob' 00" A^ 153^ My li" Olijrct ol)sirvi'(l. Sun's lowif liiiili, a. in i iililiira tllili'. •11 Hi- 'I'iim-nl'nll- Ki-i vatinu. Oltj.'ct nlisirvcil. , i 1 O ' /.' /(. »i. ». 1 71 10 00 to 4r< Xi.-i Sun's Idwir iiiiil>, a. iii. . . . •,1l 00 !!• o:t. -J 11. ni... :> 1 (HI 4'l .">i.y -to no ."ill 4l>. 'ill IHI .">1 (4.0 7-.' IK) nil .VJ u. .-. 10 IHI .Vi 4). .". w on .^,1 ."Iti. .■■> : ' •10 00 0-J .M. 1 .'0 INI o:t :n. r. 1 7J no IHI m 40. .'. III 00 ii.'i 4i .-. .Ml nil no .V.I. > 7.'i ."lO on Hi :io. 70 III no 17 '2.7. ."> Id no 1- ;w. :« i:. on n 1-.'. y.'i on -11 l-J :t.7 IHI •ji 07. •10 no vil 1 1. .7 : 4.-I IH) «>.» i:i. n no 00 •J-i :«i. .- .1.1 no •j:i •.■:(. .'. 1 77 iKi on ■J.I : f.l 11.- :!n 1 i:i •>. W :i.". 11 0,-|. 7 00 .t.i Hi .".p. III IHI •17 .".■•'. .■. 10 •r. •i:i 17.0 OIl.MCfVCll iloiiMialti' tuilf. O ' " HO U (H) to :to on •,'ll it" 0."i o(i -.irt 77 00 (Ml 7ti ."m imi .'HI IHI 4.7 (HI 40 I :l.7 (HI 'Z7 (HI 1.7 1 to (HI IHI IHI 7.7 .70 I .70 IHI 10 00 IHI 00 .70 IHI 411 00 III) IHI •JO IH) 10 (HI Of I 00 7'J .Ml 00 40 IHI :!0 00 'JO (HI to 00 IH) (HI 71 .'HI (HI 40 (HI :iO 00 ■JO 00 lU uu TiniiiiColi- wi Milinii. 74 7:1 h. III. 1 .>;{ .711 I'.l ■JO •.'0 •JO •Ji i(.i ■j;t •J4 'J.7 •J(l :t-j :i(i ;i7 :i- :t!i 40 41 4-J 4:t 44 4.7 4(i 47 4H 40 .70 .71 .7-J M .74 •J I. -J nil, 74 ,7 4;!. .7 ;t-j. :t I-. 0(1. :t •J.7 .77.0 :t-J. .7 :!4. 7 4li. f Itl.O 'J.7. 7 :i7. 4-. 47. .7 44. .7 .1 1. .7 H.7. .77. .7 :i.7. .7 .74. .7 :i4. (I ■J.-. H ;t-j. ,7 •JH. :i.7. 7 :t-j. .7 :i4. ii-j. II :ir-. ,7 'J7. (I lit. IlanilOcttT, 29.C'J0 : llirtiunnirlcf, .7!»M'0; iinlrx cnor, — ;i' 00" F(.i:i AliAMs, Jiilii •>•», IHli'.l. Sixtallt Nil. .1 anil Imri/nii of incii urv— .M. 'I', fliiinniiniti . N'n. KiO'.i, liy lUi.s.s alnt ( 'ici^litun — (Jliscrvcr, (.'aptiilu (.'Imrk'a W. Uiiyiiiniiil, riittt'd Stutr.n Kiiiiiih'cim— Ki'fnl'ilci , .Mr. .I..I. .Mnjnr. ((Iijrct nlMi'r\«il. .Soon Imwi'I' linili, a. in I (IlislTMll iliiiililr alti- I tioli'. 7(1 'rinicnf nl». ' MTMIIOltl. ' 'J(l (H) ;ui IHI III IHI .'.n IHI .'ill (H) (Ml INI in no 1.7 I Ml Olijci't iilim TM'tl. h. !! 10 .77 1:1. H .77 :>'i. 7 11 Or- 11.0 vi 1:1. 'J IH :io. , •JO (HI. H •JO .lO. u , 'Jl Of. li ! Suu'n lower limb, a. m. Olmcrvi'd ■I'lmriif till tllili'. .sci \ atinii. ' // /i. III. «. 7(1 -ri (Ml 11 'J-J 10.0 r> (10 •j:i 'if. 40 ( 'J4 01. •J •1.7 (Ml •J4 JO. :i .'.0 (Ml 'J.7 (HI. li ,7.7 (N) •r. XV .7 77 m 0(1 tM 17. it Ii .fx error, r — —a' 00" I liKCONXAISSANCE 01-' THK YIJKOX UIVER. 69 (ib^d-raHDii" irilh Hirlioil — Coiitiniii'tl. iSkxati's Viii.Mii:. Jnlji 'J.'), IKil). S.xliiiit N.I. :t Mini liniiznti of m. r.niv — >r. T. . liiMii.nintcr No. Iiii)!i, U.v Bli.-n ami Crriprhtoii— ObstTvcr. Caiilaiii Cliaiii'.s \V. 1! lyuiu'iiil, I'liilcil St.itrs KiijjiiM'i )■.■< — Unltr Mr. J. J. Aliytir. (;.-. -40' .•||" A l.'il III' (10" Olijicl Dbscivtil. SiMis liiwi T limli, a. m |i. Ill OUscivt il ., iliiiilili' alii I tilili-. rirlli'ot'iil)- Hfl'Vlltioll. II I OliKcrvcil (»!ijf(t iil)S( rvcd. Mimlili'iilti- tiiitu. '^ ' " h. in. K. !i* ."i:i (HI 1 .l!»;tn. Suii'.t Imvcr limb, !>. Ill r»;i -io .v» (IT. H ji 41 i."» -J (Mi •>!<.:> W 37 03 I (I- ii:i. J 37 00 ' 11'.' :•>'<. •"> 35 95 1 ().h;ii.;i 33 00 I Oil (i:i. (I 34 03 ' 0'.t ■!:(. r> 'riiiii' of nil- Hci'valiiiii. " ' '■ ti. m. *. a7 33 3(1 1 1(1 H. -i :« (((» , II III..') •J!l 3(1 l-J II. 'i 'jf (i."i I \i •'.'.•'> a(i .').•. I i:i :i'.i. .'i •J3 A'. ; II :il. ."> ■J I .'kl I 1.". Jl. ."' n.iroiiivl.r, Utl.t:!.".-, llic rjinmiflil-. Tl.dll: iiiilrx rIT.ir, —3' (10". 1"(ii;t ViKiiv. .lii'jiitl <■>, isi;'.». S.'Ntant N.I :i ami li.ni/.i.ii ..I' iii.T.iiiv-M, T. .hr.iii.im l-r N'.>. um. liy Klis.i and Cniulilnii-Ohsrrvci-. Caiitaiii Cliarlis \V. Kiiyiiioml. I'liit.il Stat.'f* Kii'iiiH'iis— Ki'f'nl.r. .Mi. •I-'l. .Ma.l'-i. 0--(ki^ 33' 17" A-14J^ 17' »7" (lllj.Ct .lll.MlVl'll. Sims Iiiw. rliiiili, a. in ( MisrIVlil Idillil.' aiti Illd.'. I'iniiM.I'ol). sfivalimi. (.llljl'l't ollHClVl.l. oils. IV. cl ildiil.li' alii' tuiIe. 'riiiH' III' nil- Nt'i vutiim. 1 ' " { h. m. *. 1 n * // /.. ll\. s. (i!l -J.'i (111 ' Ill .-.- I!l. 1 Sim'.s lii\M iliuili. 1). Ill . 71 l.'i 110 :i •>:• :iii. :!ii (III ."I'.i 01 ; ID DD ■-'i; 17. -J :i,'. HI) .VI Hi. 11 (I.", 01 1 •.'T 01. f Id (HI II (Ml ->■>. :> (HI (HI •j: I'.'. 7 ■l.'i (III (H) .'ili. ."i 7(1 •I.". (Mt •> i-:.f ."itl 00 III :aii ,Ml DO •:- .'.11.,'. !,r, ()'i (ij hi. ,"> l.'i (HI •j'.i ;i4. .'. *0 (Ml III) (i-i 1.".. II 1 1 III! :mi 10. ."> ll.'i (Id (i:i 'w. II :i."> no :«) :>x :> ill (III III i:i -i :h) do 31 'Jd. 1.') IM) Hi .-iC 1 •.'.'i (HI Wi 01. •,'() I" 1 ().'. :ii). 5 'JO (HI ;cj ,'il.f •J.'i (M) (Hi (111. 11 1,". (Ml 33 3.').0 :to iM) (Mi I.V 1 10 DO 31 0-i. .'i 3."! IH) (17 ',HI. .'i (l.'i (HI 31 t(i.() 411 (10 (17 .M. .•> 00 (HI 3.-. •-•«. (1 4.'i (HI (H ;i7. .'> (!!• Xi (HI :iti 13. !i ."ill 1 1) (1!) III. II .''lO (HI 30 Ki.O .').■> (HI III (HI. V 4."i (HI 37 '^7. 3 71 00 00 1 10 37..-. 10 IH) 3!- 03. !i m 01 1 II n.:i 3.-. IH) 3^ '>. C ID IH) ' II .>. ^ 30 (HI 30 (l^, l.'i IMI \i ll.'i. 'J,'. (HI 3'i :,i :> liiilcx error, —3' 00". 70 RECONNAISSANCE OF THE YUKON RIVER. Olmrrntioiis ivilh KixUinl — Coiitiiincil. Four YiKox. AiujiixCi, I'^tlD. S<>\tant No. :t .Tiifl 1 iirizoii of incniiiv— \r. T. (■hrnimiiicli r N'u. KKilt. \\\ I'.lis.s ninl ('ici(.'hlciii — f MiNcivcr, Cui>tiiiii Cliiirlcf* W . Kuyiiuiiul, riiittfl .statttt Jin^jimciij — jifi(ii (II) :m 11..-^ .|(i (III :',.5 II. ;t 4.'i (III ;c. .51 ; 1 M nil :t(i -^.5. -i .Vi no :n 111. .5 C(> 00 (in ;n :i-i « 05 00 ;jH 0.5. 10 uo :i^ :i(i. 4 l.'. 00 :tn 'j:!.-.} •M no :«) 4.5.5 '.',") nn 40 'ill 'J :)o 00 41 0.5.0 ;i.". 00 41 :«;. ;i 40 00 4J 11.5 4,5 00 4J 41.5 .50 nn 4:1 17.0 "i.'i on 44 ni.5 07 on (i!> 4 1 V!-. 5 o.'i on 45 in. in no 45 41. n i.'> nn 4(i '.'(1. 7 -H) nn 4(i .ill. n 4" nn 40 -iX 5 .Ml nn .5(1 Mil. 5 .5.5 no 51 ll>. 5 r>8 00 no 51 :ti;. n 05 00 .5J \-i..i 10 00 5Si 4U. 5 object ob.x(rveil. Siin'.-ibiwtr limb. )>. m . . ( (bserved iKiiibb' alti- tuile. TiiiK? (if ob- m^rvutiuu. ' „ h. 111. ti. fi.-' 10 nil :( 44 .50. 5 (15 nil 45 :t(i. (11 on 40 04. 07 55 00 40 4<).5 .50 00 47 '."J. 411 no 4- 41.5 ■jii nil .511 54.0 15 nil 51 :tl. 4 III III .5-J 0(1.7 05 00 .5J IA5 (Ml INI .5;t 10. a f.() 55 00 .5:1 4. :i5 nil .5(1 1.5.5 :iii nil .5(1 4:1. H a5 (NI .57 17. S! iiii (HI 57 4:1.0 15 no .5?' 1(J. in no 5H .50. 5 05 (NI .50 :«». 5 CHI 00 4 00 00. 5 05 55 (HI (HI :)!!. 5 .")(l (III 01 11.5. a 45 1.(1 01 4H.;» 40 on ()■-' 17. 5 :i5 (HI 0-J 4H.0 :iii (Ml (i;t ^7. 5 •-'5 (II 04 0-J.O •jn 1 II 114 :i7.o 15 (HI (15 0:1. a III no (15 ilO. 05 nn (h: III. r* ) Imlix rri(ir, — it' Oi;". I COMI'.MMSON OF (MHONOMETERS. N'OTr — Duly tin' eompariHoii.s whirli liavi' been em]ibiye(l in tin inMiiml.itioiis nre i;ivcii in (bis n|i|M'iiiUx. ClIIKtXttMKTKH.S. ifrni) tiiiii. —yn. moo. by lULs.s ,'iii(I ('rii..|il.Mi ; Xn. 11.55. by I'liss aiiiU'reiulitmi : N'o. 51 In. by Harraiiil. i»-j|trli:i Xo. -,'475. by I'ai l»ili*iili anil l''l"ilsbaiii ; Nii. •J|5. b'\ lliiniiii. ^.slii|i h eliiitiuiiiM-ter.i Sidfreal tiiite.—Sii. 'jm, U\ Itoml \ Smi ; No. '..::tl. b\ Iloiiil ,V .>>oii. l\rrins and mtin i(o, .tjiri} 1, l"^!!!*. No. of chrtHi. Fast. Rlo«-. «. 5B.7 OnfnH dully. Lom>H doily. So. of eliron. FoHt 3!).' 3 Slow. OnliiH daily. «. 5.0 T-imen daily. MOB *. «. 9.0 .'(14!) WiO SKil «. t. 11» • m.9 0.6 1.3 11.3 1.0 S47S 7.8 57.1 tt.S ' w RECONxXAISSANCE OK TMi: YUKON UIVEB. CoMpariMii of chronomiltrH — Coiitiiiiitul. 71 ) Statiiin. Dull'. \o. of el iron. Kiici- imli- ••illiiill of clirou. h. xn. K. 1 1 ', Slatioi). I)nt<>. ' Xn. of ifht'Dii. 1 , Kn. I'; •• imli- iliou of I>if)0. 1 I'lll'Oll. |N(i!». h. til.' «. Sitka Alir. 27 2:»I >* 0(i Oil. OiiiiitliiHka Im'iI — Ma.> 2(i 2:11 II .",2 20. 11, Vi !i .12 ■^\.:^ Coiit'O. icon II 1- 10.0 2:11 H 10 .ll.!) '.'liO 11 .-,1 .»,",. Itill!) it :H (17.0 lOUO 11 20 .-.2. .7 •im 1 10 IMi. 331 a 20 :io. 24."> .'■> 24 Id. (t ^^7> *) .",'.1 0>. .7 2;ii H ()."> (Hi. 2(!(t n .",4 1.".. 2-»7.'i '.1 :n 2!». 21.'. 7 12 .'.7..". Apr. 28 2.1! 7 4li .".•'. .". 21 iO II :i.", :iii. II •a;:, 11 12 ;M). .-.ll!l II .Ml .'ill. II 2:ti 7 4- 27.0 2:11 :i :i:i :io. n.vi ',1 10 .-,7.0 ll.Vi *i ,".4 o:t. ,'. 2;ti 7 4!» ;»7. .1 2:»i iJ 24 20.0 KMI'.I 00 .v.. |liO!l .» 4!» ,11.11 2(i() 7 -17 M.Tt 2(iO ;1 22 00. 1) llif)!) !) 10 ;).■>. JlilK) ■J ,"« 12. 2,>. •Jli/t ;i 21 00.11 21.'. 4 .'.1 10. 21.', III 42 0.1.0 2)UI :i i:, (Ml. ittiU i fli U.'>. .'1 .'ilCI 4 :,-> 04. .1 514!) :i 10 10. 2IU) A l(i 2.'>. Mny 97 2:11 1) Hi 40. .'lU!) 4 M 20. (i 247.', n •22 111. Apr. 20 2:ti ri 0:1 00.0 2:11 II 40 O.'i.O 247.-. !) 24 4H. ir>u!i 11 10 ,'MI.O 2:1 1 H or, :.o. (1 2(i0 II 47 4.",. U 1 1 .•■.■| ;• 2.". 20. iiiini M 12 .',0. 2;ii H 07 2:1.0 ^liO 11 ."M* X,. im\) .o 24.'. • O.'i 21,,". 2liU « 07 27..'-. 2ti(t 11 4.'i 00. DI4!> 2 10 01. H 247,'. II 07 Ml 2.o .- 2.-. .V...'. Kill') •H'M III 1 ,-,l Hi,,-. 42 4,-.. I mi!) n ;h (K). 24,'i li 47 :I2, .'i 2(W H 27 20.0 2(i0 1 41 :((i.o Kill!) it :i7 .v.. ,',14!1 III 01 2^. ,7 2:11 f 22 III. SI.Miiliii.l'HlH'd liini! :io ■.'11 'i 44 2,",.0 2<.-. :> 17 i.v 217.-. 12 10 ri:i. .7 2(i. .'l 217.'. 12 10 10, 24.'. .') 2(i 20.0 2ir. 1 4'i 4-.rt 2(i0 f 2,'i 4.\ (1 2:11 2 4(i :<:>. .imt !l .'.7 22. H ll.'h'i 11 :.o 21,0 2IUI H 21 ! 2.'.. II.'..'. 11 ,",,- III.O .11 111 1) ,',,•' 02. C. 2^.^ t 42 on. May 2 2;ii '.» .-il 2f.O 2:11 •1 40 ;io. 21:,'. II 01 411.0 um n ,'.i 1. .'. 2:ti !) .'.O 10.0 llillO 11 .'Ml 10.0 ll.V. III .Mi :i!). 24.'. < 14 :io,o 2:11 :i x\ IMI..'. 2(1(1 2 4.'> .'m. IIMMI 10 .Mi 4li. lOU!) n .",:i 'jd. 2(>() .'.2 4.V 200 • > 41 111 KMI'.) 10 .'.'.1 0:1.0 24.'. * 41 .■,20 2(i(l 10 01 17.0 21 iO ■J .'HI 21.0 »!.'. (> :a :i(i. .') .Ml!t li 110 oil. 2(HI !t .'.4 (>.'.. 24,'i 7 .-,:i 02, ,'. .'il4!) 1 1 2(1 40. f riM!) 11 11 00. OnnaltiKka Ixl'il May 2.J 2:11 II 41 IH). July 1 2:11 • 1 no :i,-.. ft # 217". II 21 07. .'> 247.". li :ii :(l..7 211 1 1 4:t :hi. 217.'. 11 :io :io, I) ll.V. II 10 :io.o 24.'i * 00 '.li, ,'. 2.11 II 1:1 10.0 2:11 •> II :i(i.(t Ifill!! II 1:1 o.-..r. 11.',,', n ■in 0.'.. 2(»l II 41 : 1 IN. |1. 2(il) 11 17 :io. u 2:11 <.i 111 0,'. ' .'.I4!l 11 4(1 2:1.0 lUKI li 1:1 :i(i.o May 2(1 2:11 1 1 l> 10. low II II 00.0 247.-. II 2^ .'.7.0 »4.t 1 1- :to. 2:11 1 1 .'Ml 41). 1 .. 2110 .. II 10,0 115.') 11 21 W.i \ . . " ICOll li Hi 10,5 72 UECONN'AISSANCE OF THE YUKON KIVER. Comparhoii of clnonomefirx — ('(iiitiiiiifote. St MVJutlMiJa Jiilv I July a No. of eh roil. Faro iiidi. (Mtioll of I'llIOII. u FikHnttaUk .Julv 4 I Y«)k<« Ki««r .JuJy 7 J9fy 9 July 11 •iVi .".H'.t ','1.1 .'•I 111 •JI7.1 '^1 a4T5 245 ■i:n ILVi I I.V) 'J45 •mi lem 345 xii KiU!) 'J4.'i iku 5t4» 345 514!» •im mn) «)i 2475 514!) 3ti0 ittiO ILV) ■i:ii HUM) nil!! •j;n 3475 331 1155 3:u lt!(l!l .llO'.t 'im 5140 331 8475 a.) I ti;o!i ll.V. ■Jill) iiiii'.i •jiiti li.v. 3 3(1 1(1 O.I ■ill ';>l ."i7 17 17 111 :i(i ■.If :><) M X> II :ii III 5(! 4H 117 51 34 .'.3 .'lit JH 111 45 01 411 15 45 4H •> 1 I No. of 1 lu'oii. Fnr(> iiiU Station. Dat «•! tioi iron of m;! . h. VI. ». VtiKciii Ivivn— ,luly II 31 ;o ;> 43 00. II Con I'd. IlilHI 10 51 ;tH. 3:11 •J ."..( 35. II 347.. II 15 :«;. 5 3:11 \* 51 30. II ll.V. 11 in 5-. 3:11 •J 57 10.0 li>ii:i 10 53 3J. 5 •Jlill X* .".3 :io. IMI".! 10 54 ( (.. 5 i July 31 •ill 'J :i:i III). ll.V, III 30 :i7. 5 ■ji;ii •^ 3f< .1(1. II 3475 10 :i7 -.i-:. (1 •i;ti • } :i:i 40. Hill!) in (I- 3:1. (• 3(;o 30 30. IC''!! III 10 41. 5 Fort Ailiimn -Iiilv 'Zi •Jllll •J 1,". :io. 'M'..'. III 4r> ;io. 1 3(;o >> 4; r 11 (10 04. 3:11 ;i 11 10.0 1 l.V. III 40 ;t.-. ■ -.MiO ;i (15 1.5.0 ll.V. 10 47 33. 5 ! ■.■lid :i no .57. 1 llMI'l 111 :io 0(1. YiiKiiii Itivci- . .liilv 3(> 3IIII :! no .■.0. 347.'. Ill .".0 13.5 1 •Jlill ;i 05 .".0. ll.V. 111 45 17.5 3:11 :t l.-< .•.0. 1155 10 Hi 17.5 3:11 :t 30 (II. 1 IIHI'.I 111 :t:i .-.3. Furl Vdkoii. . . J .Viijf. 3 3:11 1 15 311. 3475 11 :«i 13.(1 3:Slo|i|.(>i|, iiidi- III ot' X (HI 1) ;iH :»:. :ii; .1 ••■(1 II "i"' III II :ui. III. 10 ;t.-, !.■.. :«;) ."I'l. (HI. :.(». :i(t. 17. i:i. T, :i(i. *.>(i. 1(1. If'. ■I."., ."id. (III. ."ill. II. :i."i. i:i. ;i(i. i.v (Ml. ■J I. i.v RIX'ONXAISSANCH OK Till: VIKON RIVKK. ('iniijiiirixoii of r7i/(H(«;;((7()«— Ciintiiiiifil. 73 I 4| J> Statliiii. ' Hilt.'. riirt>ii. I'.ll r illclirll. I| 1 linn c.li liii.. M:iliiili. Datr. 1 Xo. of ,1 l':irc iiiilic.i. linn iitl'lll'll- iii.iiH'tf-r. rliron. lioinrlcl'. 1 Hlin. h. 111. H. l^-(;a 1 /'. Ill, H. Fort Viikcin l.'ontiiiiu'il. — ! Auk. H i 2.11 Kidil ;t 11 Id. 1) l.'i.it Viik..ii— Am-. 17 ;• i'.d ."il.."i t'lintiniicil. ■JMI .'.14!) .". 4it 1 •-. J 10 IJ (H) (1 llill'l !) M-J dd. II 1 'Jill i .". 4M 4-. •J !il7.-. Id (iM I.-.. 1 .'.no ' Id PJ ild. d ;'i;(l M (III dd.O ^ All-. 1- !• ill -lli. .-. ■.'lid 1 il7 4 '. n;(i:i II."..". 1(1 iJ7 ll.V .". •,':il :i Id 10.0 ' I -jid 1 40 III. (1 •.'i:.-. 1 1 dl Mil. .I 1 1MI!I 1(1 J7 ■JM. (1 ■.iiii) M III. 1)1.0 1 ■-•Ml 1 ."0 ild. ll.V. !» I!> If-.d 1 I'.I HI III •J,-' •J(l. ,". IIMKI !l Mli Mil. I) ■-'ill 4 4.*' ild. d ll.V. !l .".■J -JL.-i ; 'J4"..-. It 01 07.(1 1 All^. Ki •j;)i 1 \f (HI.O 1 •JMI t .'.1 4 J..'. •ir,:i II III MM..-I 1 ' .".1 l:i :i n; iio. n •.':ii ■1 I'.i 1(1.0 ' All-. 1!) •Jill 1 •J7 .'. 1. ii;(i!i III : 1 •Jii.'l 111 4.'. illi. gi;(i A 1 1 :i.-.. ' •Jill I •J." 40. Ilil)!l Id Ml lf.>.U ll.V. 10 •->;• lii. ,'. •JCd ■1 (l-J •!.-.. •j:ti 4 41 (.-.. n 1 I.v. 111 i^* ■-•:!. i II...-. 111 M,l -Jll, 11 Alia. II ',•1,(1 KIIKI ■J(ill ll.V. •-Ml •J 17.". ■-'Ml II."..". 1 N (HI.O III •,'!! •-•|..'> 1 1.". Id.O Id .".Ii .".4. 1 ■Jl> (HI. U II ('.". Md. .'. 1 -Jr* ;)d. Id .".1 ."..•.. 5 1 i •JMI .",1111 •Jill .-.Mil •J. 11 .".1 II) •Jill |(i(l!l 4 il:l it-, ."i !l iHI .'HI.O 4 4(1 I-', d '.) 01 01. d 4 Id .V. !l (II ."0.0 4 4.1 (HI. 1(1 17 IJ. II Ann. 1- ■-'lid .". •-'•J ■Jll. , An;,'. 'Jll :.'ill t II nun Itllll II :t:t -J.-...', 1 jil'li 10 111 ill.o •Si\ .". :t^j ."(1. 11 •Ji!l 4 4i< IH). (1 HUM) II Xi MI..-1 .-,l4:i ;i iKi til..". ■.:i:d .". ■JM 1(1. II ' .".1 11 !i ro III. .". •JI7.". I-.' n; Id..'. •Jill I 4 1 :io. ■JMI .". :i,". do. I) •Jll t I.". Ill.o ii:..". 1 1 .".I Id. 11.-..". id iPJ :i 1. Ati-. l:i ■-•lai .". 'J.', id.d •JiD 4 il.-< on. rf47."> IJ n.-. -Jl. :, ii;..-. 111 ill iiO. .'. ■-•(HI .I ■j: io.h •ji II 1 ii7 tn. Kid'.) II Ml id.d 1 •JI7."i III ."il ii7..'. •Jll .'. :i(i In. (1 •Jill .". •-0 ■-'.".. U IIHM.I II M.-. II.U |l.dd ID I.'. M«. •JMI .". :i.". (HI. d tiill .'. 'J-J 1.".. •< 1 1 :..'. 11 ."11 UiT) 5140 •) it."> ild. An-. II vli . ■jr..'. •jt.d II.O!) ■-•Ml ICd!) •JMI ,-.ll'l 1 ::i I.-..0 II 11 l!t.ri 1 M.-. •Jd. Id .I.- MM..-) 1 1.". (Id.d Id Id -J'!, U .". 'Jli 11. H Id 1 '.1 INI. Uill 5140 •Jill ll.V. •Jill II..". •j(d •jn.". ."i -JM ().'..« It ii.j M.n ;> -j:. iio.o 1 1 oil .'.7. ."> .". 17 (HI.O 1 1 -.'".I •.'".. il .-. Ill -jn. 1 1 J!) •-'.".. d ••M II.-..-. •1 (Ii |."..0 111 .•.- 11.11 .VUK. 5W ■ji;ii JI'..". 1 III .".II. in 47 1". d Alt',', 1.-. 'Jlid 1 ■-'■.' (I.".. 1 •Jill 1 ."I'i (HI.O Ul".,'. III .".1 ."..".. d 11."..". In ill ill.o -.£11 4 M 1 -d. i ■:n 1 .-.1 '.Jll. llill'.l Id 41 I'.K^, ,".1411 ■1 III no. 1) ^X) 1 ■J.I (HI. : • •jiiii 1 1 1 il."i. ll.V. Id il!l (If. ."5 11.-..-. Id iin •jii. I) •j:u 4 ;i;i -Jd. 1 Kill 4 ."hi (HI. K^Kt M JM 11.5 ! HUH) ' Id lii 07.5 AiiK. 1«* •-'Cd 4 4-.' (HI. (1 ' Auk. !» 'JMI • 4 ."i!) (to. •-•n."! II II (II (1 'JI7."i to .".it 1.".. -.£11 I .'.il Id. (1 •Jill .". (It IHI. tllKI Id Mil 4-. 1 IIO'.I III 17 .^."•.o 'Jlid 4 4 J ."H(. , .'.1 111 , 11 (Hi III. (1 1 I.V. Id .V. (II.O 'Jill 5 (I'J tlJ.5 •iM 4 .'.4 'Jd.ll iEII 5 Oil 'i-J 5 1 I.V. Id .".7 4-'.0 i 5140 il OH (Ht.O Aug. 17 i ■-NId •J 17.". ■Jt'rfl nil ID ,"i :.•;• ;hi. 1 II .'.M :r..o r> Ml 1(1.0 II •-•■J IH.5 iHiO 1 ll.V. ' •.•I..I liidli 4 5(1 Id.O 10 41 Oil. 5 I :>: -II. 10 'Jit 1(1.0 '.'lid .". Ml dd.O Aug. 94 •J 17.'. .". ■..'! il.'i.O 11."..". II :i;i (i!i. .'5 Jill II 10 til. ■Jill .'. 41 .'HI.O ■Jill : .'. ■JI ."u. \m) II 'Jit 40.0 lUOO I lU il4 iil>. •< lirniliuiii'ti r.*iU;t, w liii II liinl »iit\\\ hI|.)I|H'|1, Wll» «lii|- It'll on Ion 1 tiiiii-. 74 RECOXN'AISSAXCK OV TflK YUKON RIVKIJ. ('(iiinoii of (■hroiiomctirs — ('oiitiiiiii'd. Station. Uiiti'. No. of , Fact' liiilict- ,1 cliroii. tiou of i-liroii. '' Stotinn. Date. ! No. of Fare iinlira* cliroii. tiiiiiiit'i-linni. IH6U. A. )ii. X. 1 H(i!». A. i;i. «. Koit Viilioii— An-. --N .'.1 l!» 11 'Si •JO. Knit Yukon— Am;. -J^i 'JfiO .*i Ill •JO. (,'(iiitiiiiii(l. 'j:tl r> ■J4 :t.«i. 7 ('iMithiiiril. 11.11 to .17 40. .■iir.i •) •J4 (HI. (1 •Jdil 5 15 1.1.0 •Jll ."1 •->."> H.f- .111:1 !l 05 a-. 4 ■JIUI .'» 1.1 :i(i. (1 ; Sipt. :i j:!l .1 •j:t (III. l(i(l!» 10 :iT :i.i. .1 1 •J471 III ;i:i 07. a«o .1 iii •J.I. i •j:tl ;, •ji (Kt. 11.-.-. Id ."»7 -'• " i! II.V. 111 11 4:1. 5 Aug. as Vilill 1 1- •jii. (1 r ■j:il .1 •JI :i(i. Mi'>:t lU 1:1 l.--.(i :[ Kiiill 11 .1.1 •J^J.0 •JIM) 4 4'.l (1.1. 1 ■JtUI 5 I... 11 1 llillO III •JO 47.0 ■M) 4 .1!! (III. II •JI'd 10 (12 •JO.O u.v. III •JK I'.l.ll 1 1 i(;(iii III 21 1.1. •iM .) III .111. (I ;i , -JCO 111 02 .10. m:,:> 10 mi •J'.l. (1 : 11.15 111 4(1 .10. 5 ail 5 III •Jd.ll i Nov. 8 'J:ii 10 20 •JO. Ifi !l III III •J7..1 ' ; 2475 11 •j:i 04. 5 •j:!i ,'i II :< 1. : : •j:tl 10 •if 1.1,0 .M 1:1 II nil :iii. II 5140 ii •JO 30. v!i:ii ,", •J.*" nil. II an 10 M) (HI. •ji:.-. II II •Jl.il i • iliO!) 10 'if 37. !i(l() ."i •J- III. II . 1 'JCO 10 14 •JO. 11. v. III .11 iil.iHi ' IIUIO ■10 •JO 11.0 Aag. 2« •j:(i t Mil :iii. 11 1: 'JCO 10 11 45. It.v, III .11 •J-. II II.V. III 51 .VJ. 5 y:u ."i 411 11.7 Xov. 10 , -SM 11 11 3:1. 514!) » 'A1 .Ml. (1 1 2475 11 .">7 i:i. 5 3:11 5 41 :«i.o •j;il 11 II 50. 4 ItMl!) 10 :r? iSl. 5140 111 (15 •JO. All-, -^'.i •,'.11 .1 'ji :i(i. (I i •j:il 11 i:< •JO. '.'i:.-. 111 .11 nil, .1 1 ' ICOO 11 (i:< 3li. 5 -:ii .) 'J- •j(i. II N •jtid 111 57 •JO. 111 !l Ill u (i:i. .1 I icoo II (14 00. 5 «u 5 'j;t :iii. (1 •JCO 10 5H •JO. 1155 10 :c. (i!i. : P 1155 11 M 24. 5 TIMi: HV Kl.HAI, Ai.r rniK'^. Sliitiitn. Sllk.i .■^ilK.i llllllMlllHktV . .\nvi«r , . . . Mill ,\llillllM. Mill .\il:iiii« I'hiI Yiikiin . Flirt Viikon. Dill. I.,iHtiiil.'. X. r.i.nui ii'l'',\V. ■§ f .^t ^ lil IPflO. ! " ' '■ o / // 2'ai I April •JO .17 oa .12 135 l.>^ 02 j Miiv 1 i Mav 'JO 51 .1:1 ,1C. 1 n.ii y-* 51.7 .Iiil'v 13 112 ;I7 'Jl If.il 117 II .liilv -j:! (15 (w II i:.j 30 II .1 lv-j;i,2< Aii-. C (HI :I3 47 145 17 47 1 Ana. 7 Tiiiii'. I.0C11I iipiiur- \ Local mriin ent niton. 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I) :n7u. « 4097. 3 5.0 PKO I .'1.0 I IKLU I 9.0 WI.O 7.0 I 8H. I 14.0 I 01. U ! 10.0 1 INI.O j 94. 5 I 7". , 17. ; 77.0 ; 97.0 7.-.O l.V 75. 79. 5 9«i. 79. \ f. I 7«. .-. ' 11. 7:«. 19. .'• 79.0 90.0 04. oa5 19.0 09. () 4.5 .-. I .1. .» mi. :> H.O 5. .1 81.0 7.0 70. .'. 10. Vt. :> 10. (i.'i. (I 1:1. -.'1. 5 10. «:i. .") 17. .'. ii;i. II..-. Ml. 10. .-. 7!l. l.V 5 7!.0 17.0 (iO. 9.V 5 78 RKCONNAISSANTE OF TIIK YrK^N K'lVKIi. I'mlme of our lUrMoH of I run nil lirrl So. '2, i>r. — (.'niitiinuil. Dilli Tfiitf, Wvr. UvtA. ■■ 715 K 1 U7. ^ 17.0 7:i. 1 i'ti-. :> 77.0 ll.o Tt« l# I.Vil. 7 I-,' 7!'. |-F«I H 7;«. (» HO ■71 :. in l!ll-«. .". l:i. 1 1. ,1 ■suit<. :« « *. •! li.o 7J.J » •i»;»".. :« Hi. -.'. -.•7.'. I. 4 r-i. Id. :i.-.i. 1 :».'.H. !i :i7:». .- r^0.ir;4.'>-. /"•''''■-' 0.115 ,")!>. .".0 .v:nii 0. ii:ii O.(HII0 (il. Id 5. ('f'l 0. 04't U. IKfJ4 til. IHI :.. !iji 0. II il 0. 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Ii-j:t0!i0 •JO. 5700.71 :). 77I4II1 7. .">4'.ri-.*-j ii.:»ii:i-.i 1.7. O-.Vl.'. l-. '■.77:WNl •.•■J. (iJH7ti7 •.•(i. KMI-^.'r :mi. i7l(i;M) :{:t. U431.71 4. (i.-!llKll ■1. :»7'.i'.fj-j 1 4. (Hi'.t^K^ H. 7.7!tc45 •j:». 44!tHMi 1>. l:i'.i7(!7 :i-J. ''•.•!i7--'rt ;i7. .MllfiOO 4-J. 'JdltOdl * Espianatiiin and nutiition hi Part II, Chapter I, ul' the report. 1. UiOW. -. i:i-!t!>i •^. •>»'.ti r,. -"ii^s i.i>ii"|M(i :.. :iir,iiy:j 1. .-iJlil^O :t. ':>y.r,i 4. ■.•l.>l..t HrX'ONNAISSANCK OF THE Yl'KOX KIVKR. (! TUANSIT INSTUr.Mr.NT— i:K'IAI. IMKKVAI.S I'K'o.M TlIK MKAN oi' Tin: \vii{i:s. Observnr, f'aiilaiii Cliaiiin \V. K.i.viiiniiil. Initicl Si.iIi'h i;iiijliiccrH— KriMid r Mr. .J. .J, ^Ii^or— Sliilimi, Kiiil Viiknii. Slur iiliHciMil. :i c :i •) .1 •;» !l c :i •;' •;•' ,5 c :t (i» f c I'l la- M.i.juriH . iMaroiii.i X'lsA' .Majnliit . Driiriinis DracoiiiH rix:r MiijiiiU I'tsa' M.i.JDiis . l)r:lriiTIM . . . . |)l ariiilii* I'lMr .MaJDliH . rtmi' Majoris . iMarniiis I'r-i.i' MajiiriH . 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Ml III III III ■I .\iplll.r Kill 11,11 \ l!l II -J-V '"J ( III iiiIm lilt .Vl 'Jl, .'i N l!i I- nil 111 11 1 IHir ,\lii.|iiriK II- :,\ IK, II \, -, .Ml III, -fll I Itrlpliiiii Ill MM, I, N .'ll -.I. ,V.t. .> ■I (Miiii. II inoii.n N. 'JO n; IMl. ii!i I I'lNii' Miilitrii* 'tH :in 0... I .\. r .'ill III. INI 1 rvKlil ' 40 40 0-.!: N. ■ UO .VJ •,•«. IHi iT> IVmh' ,M(Oii|Ii» li* 11!" llli I .N. i H .'iH •n.ll.'i ,<: r\).'iii ,,. ao ii inn x. ai ii? m.-r. 1 Unirulilx ' f\ :.. I .'..'., N. : 11 IHIKLIH I lUiiiiiiilH ^l .■.n.V.,0 N. » IHIKI.*H ,1 iipiiii , lilt .-lit 'Jill N. ; 'Jl 'Jl iRi. :U { ,\.|iliiril i f'JIiOK.'J .H. : 'Jl :mmimiii , 11.111 ii.i; III 17 I.'l IMl. w. ! •!! :w .i!j. :m . I'.mi^i It Hi ll", i! N. -Jl :i7 I7..'i!i II f uplll.illll ' 111 in IKMI S. -Jl l«t .Ml. II.". -I ii|iiiiiii o.'.Tui.ii «. I -Jl :i!ni.v7'4 A 1, mini X 'J."* ^i-.U H. i IM W) .'i7. Iltl Mm 111 X 1 I \|iKiir«ii j , IT .vnimrii* II ai IMl. II a I as iw «. la I, .\.|iiiirll , ..! 017 11.-: M. ! 'Jattfmi.K? 1 riptni 1 «.'. :«l 111. .1 N, 'W •!.'> Il.'i. Wl '/. Ill A, 1.1, ., 1 ..- Ill, jn 1 1 1 1 JO. 7 1 .1 III ni, .'..'• •Jl. 17 .'i J.'. 4'J. III! •Jl. 44 , .'. :hi 01. ill ai.ait .'■ :u IN. 111. •jiii.'t .'. 1.-. 'J-J IhJ •Jl. ai li I',' 111, HI •J 1. llli ll 'j'j II,". -ll •J-4. I.'i li II.I .'.i.iij •il.> • li 117 .'i7. -1 ■J'J.'J.'i li II '111 111 •ji.ni li .'ill If.' Ill •jj, 1,% ' tin v.-.'-i '.'1. .'rfl 1 l.aiiip Wiml : on i-i. ifj 'Jl,7ii l.illlij. I'iinI ". I'J 10. ni •J'J, on •. Ill 'J7 ',l\ •11. 'J7 ' H ni.'jii •Jl. lit : 'jn 'jii. -u •JI.II7 ', '^'i 'JH. til* ai.^j7 ; 11 u.iiti •Jl.llll : .'.,•. iw 17 •Jl 4.-. " on 07. 1.'. :■ 0,'. 111.111) c (Ml 'JII. Hi vi.vhI H 14 IKTU •Jl.:t4 H no 44, 17 ■Jl U4 I S. Kx, I'J H .Mi.i.ii ■•iiliiilimtur*. i V RK(•O^MfAI-<^A^'(•^. nV TTfi VIKOV KIVKK. rruM-il (tlmvi'i'iatiitHM — ■« '.ml itimd. I'olti Vi i» rrMii;:li!iiii .V Sinii— Milfn-ul 4'lM'iiiM>Mir <'u|ituiii t'litti'Ifn \V. ItiiMiiiiiDl l'iiif>-i| Stut'-a KiiBtiii'-io l »iii m» 4 * 'r. ifc . J.. It: - -Jll 4* U 1- W ar j<.' 41 M - •> il«« I.-.**. ft r 40. 117 " :tl ;n 10 X .VI m A', IT,«F ,ry ■- ,^. » .>' 4». HI iKMi' ii -■ -^ -•. II 41 n.ju ts I ■•Mil Vl K«»N, .Iflrt^WA'l. !««•. TrHimll iiiMiritiiii'tit i>,\ I I iiiicliiiMi A SiiiiH— Siili'ii'iil I'a(i(l4i4ii I'liurli-M \V. itu.MiMtliil. riilUnl StMlt'o 1. ij»— ^kCi uixtiti ilr. J.J. Jlbf)«»r (llijcl't iilinrIM ll. Ill > llllllll J>rui'«iiiM hi U.\ j4.'i Ai|<>iii'it ' II •■«».« J'l hjinI... ' !t II. 4H »< Ai|miril II .".7 m 7 Dnii'iiiila 7ii 'il H4 '.t Ai|iiiii'li II 47 14 .'. I'cyiiMl lu ii<) «• A r<'|ilii| ti.-j :t 4.'> tlU •• I'im.iiiii . 4 U M.4 Moiill nil hrii-.iiilii . «i 41 ti (.'uiMUi|teH- ' .'k> 4tf 07. '. II. I'lll.lll.l A If I'lii'tiiiiiiiK-U'r. Kn 111" i»f •iiu>l«>' Hi.iniM'kK h. in. 1 h m. H h ... M. N. 11 1- IK'. INI 7 aN 4)1, ;t'j II II 1 1. ;.'■ 1..IMI|I * .iwt y 'i\ it 4*X It 7 10 •,"7. Iiii 11 fi N. •Jl :i7 47. M. ". •£.\ X\. .Ml II III , s •il Ml »:• 7:1 7 44 .'.1 :*\ H, 17 , .\ i*> -Zl 4»'. .'.4 - Oil X ^> i:i. 1.-. i I* ■a JK :». f\ - II •i:, 1 14. !.'• .v •tt M .> r. - JO l;i - 14.'.".l .\ •n 4.'. or. • X.\ XI 1;. « II I'l :i :iii •W 4. f* r.i \tri ! X niK. ."ill. UK » .'ii 41 «CI ■.i.wi : .v. 1 » M i»w. < W IM :.4L4Mi 14. n ' 1 ^ ri.Mi; h^ ri 7 II 1)1 1 \'i 1:1 7 1:1 III 7 14 7 IKI i.'i II ttl Ul 7 W H H IM II H 2 s i .2 A. M. «. II i.'i Ml III 1 4 .Vl X'l .VI. 14 41). ».1 411. «!»< .'.. .Mt.'iO :i. lina I. "iiaa a KW7 II. O-J"."! », •n •Jli. Ii •I. .'1. a. ilwix 7U4H I IKlKH I14IIM 4IIM IINhi ». (I M»7fl —41. .'•tjli'j II. :«7,'iii — 14 I.'. M » 1 1 .'m. 7« .'a. '4u 4i» 70 4li,-J0 •Am JLI* IM.W 14.70 I 41 —0. a."i —II. INi (I. •{:> — -II. I- ;l. HI -J. '.'U -I.J.I -;i. '.I II I I !l II. mil I'ji III iiiii II. II. .'.II 11. ;i^ II. '.I.I •J. Ill III IHI II.IHI l'.>. INI III. V.I II. '.iriii -II. 17.VI -II. mil II. II*!.'. -II. mil,' II. ii-iiii -II. '.'01 II I -II. Kill I -II. -J-JII I I). -II. I "..".I I -II. ly-J- II. •j:I'J."> -0. J li- lt. >-IHMI -•,'. -JIM II I -I. 'JINIII -j.tii.i;! II. II. II. • I f. IIHI. IJI III. nil. lit. H, l.'i IKI. •illlil II .Ml. "Kll .'» I. 'JIW'.I III vvn ir.. •Jill.". •I... \yx\ ■.'i.i.iii I-. I'.'ii'.i u.iiij: II. M -II. i:« —II. i:i 0. ',11 —II. Ili II. Iv! -II. II — ti. ii;i —11. |H II. O'.ir.l II. Illrll, .■> II. Iflll II. mi'.'!, .'. II. Ililill II. Illl.i,', II II lll'JI II. iii:!ii, i>. I ■nil II. Ill'.lli II. IIIHI'.I II. IIIINI II. iiv;.'.i; II. nm II. (ii!ii; II. IIIMItl ill 47. Ill lUtl-.' .* 7*11 .MV. ■IK •MKl'JI 0. Il-.'l'.fi, iW (I. ;i!hi!i, .'I'.i riiiliillili- iriiil' III' rliliilhiliiilrr riirn rl lull, t , 0. 117 I.I. I 0. V (!l-:Jl.'.''l .«.nrii l.rl .1- inn imI lull ;il a IIm il i|iiirli. (.Vllnu.ii ^x—ft^i^!l — i/k c— r \' — c « I'lmr i/ii'itoi'i x — ii li . t III II II — n r; ih r \ :iii' |■^;(»('• — •X**I4 4;.lilm i.'ilT.lfr II. III. t. Ill iHi.r.'.;:! /, II l.-i IMI.'ill f II i.-i iKi.'.'ii ;:« ,• _4I.IIH'J v -:i.:. II — II..M4-J lil M.VIIK- .lui/ii«/ ll.~Miiiii 111' i\Mi -.lain « illi ,HUial!i "1 riiiifi timi in a/lmiilli ami riillimai mii ui\i k II/i I tm :<><»*•'•. .luiiunt 1.1. — l.i'M'l ilili'lpiilalliilin mill lliililr. .lt IIIUi A • 'i. iulil..ii— (ili. \ifi-vi IH, Ciiiilaiii (' liailiH \V. lia.vmiiiiil. riillitl Stall .h KiiuliiiilH : Ms. Kinliimml \Vtnltliilil— Utmnlir, •I Ml. .I..I. M.U'ii b' «. » . It. •»> — (>. IMi 7(1 0. 'if. •Jll -4». Vi ■Jl II :iK 7it -11. '»t *> —0, III 70 — l' •iliNt'l \alioli .... Stilt'l'i'al llliii' I'l iiliNirv III loll laiiinltiiil'' III Km I Viikiiii ,\llKIIHt •>. h. III. «. \i II .'ill. .'ill .'iH 111.1.7 f III :i7. IMI u :iii It). 11.') Ill ,\ii)fimt 7, II. 11. «. •i Si 17, Mt I ii'.i 'ill, :>H III I.-. 'Jlt. 47 '.I 41 UI.MI • Hi'Ji'i'ti'il ; ■»•>• I'ail II <,'liii|ili-f I III till' H|iiili 84 KKCdNNAISSAN'CK OF THK YIKOX HIVKK. Pat. 1 -i\'X Auu"-' -i' Au',ui.\, AiiijiiHt, iMiU. Nil. Ill riilmi ... i , i. . ■ i • . _^ Uiiliii 1 il .\. i; I ill . iiw nil .-.I 'im.jj III IIIIMUI .H 11. lli'lLlll liliic. l.iHiUlliiilr. A. II'. s. h. III. ,v li. III. (.. •j-j 111 :ii. n'.m :i-.' (in ii;. ni it ii ll.ii •J.I 07 •.':.-,' I.'. :ij I- -ji.iH It 10 .'ii. 70 :>:< .VI M ■::»] :t:i ;t.*> o:.'!! it n i\\n Itrjti li'il , mi- I'iiii 11 ( liiipli-r I. (il till- niiiiit I f hATinin; in tali on > .Mriiioo. I'lilM ^ IMiN. .i'lilll-l. I •"'■■'.). /iMili. IflfwiiiM . Iiv Wrniii'iiiiiiiii— .>»jiliii ill rliiiiiiiiiiiilri Nil. •.'.II, li\ lliiiiil A .siiii— nliHiiMi ('a|il:iiii ( lmrli-.< \V. !!a\iii.iiiil liiiliil Suih > i;ii"iinri>.— Kn milri. Ml. .I.-l. Majii!. It.iii l-<;; .\ii){iihI U . . Aiiiiii'-t I* . . A i..'ii«t t- . . Mar. Nil. I'l. A.f. N. I.I S. 1 illir li> I IlIOIll'llllll 1 ltra<|i|iu 111 liii iliillli'li I I.I M-l. I.alilllllr 1 ! .. III. 1. f. o-.'. ■J.V IHI •JO 7^. ■111. .'■Ii. rl.O lili :i:( •,oo.-i Hi ii '.i:i- N. iii 07.0 ;i.". :ii.o 0.'.. till. II :.vi.-. >, •.It ."i.'i. .'» Ill ■.■1.(1 111), li.'i. It M ' 1 •im:. S. .11) :i(i. .'. III ^.•.. 1 117.11 l.r- 7i;:. 1 N. :i.-. :I7. .•■ :i7 Oil. 1 li.j. 70 II 111. 11 i;!i7i. N I-AO 11.0 1- 'i'l :w. .'^1. 11 7i It 70. It .-il..'. 7. II 'i' mi. 1 li». .'ill, II :il *). :».- :i:i.- N tf> o:t. :, :ij lui. II IMI. II.'.. 7,-1 1.-. s. ',•0 H. ■l.'i :.-i 1 III.O 71,0 o;l 'i'. 7711" 1^. Hi .11,.'. ;ii< i:i. 'i tl7. IV. II 77."i-: N. 1 ."»7 :i!i. .'. *.*'l :i:i. 1 '•i. ly. .'i :u .1.1 flit 1 *» •Hi :i:i ■lli. H7 1 _ , _ ,. 1 _ — _ , „. ( I.MiiUilllllr. Ii. III. M. !t tl 11.11 :• 10 .'.I 711 '.I II III- M I l'.i|itaili I.Ulillllll'. II. :i.t Hi a It '. 1 II.. It III. i» :«) :.\ .III. ,'■* III «v ;i.' u;i 'i: Xi .v.. -JO lui :ci 4(i. NT { A i> i> i: % i» I \ II . iiKcniM* ANh i;i:i)r(TM>N ni' ma(;m:th' (H;sr.i:\ ations. .•^1 iims. I'l.iM ^'i Ki:,r>ti :t.'. I* Niii:iii l.osi.m HI , I i.'i .7 IT' \\ I -I ii;i>M (iiii.i vw nil. i:\i'i;i»MMi;.\ IS w riii \i.\ii.\i;! ic i»i;(i.iN post, aliuiii lilty vanis cast ut' asf luiiiiiiiii al .statiuii. Il wa^ lf\cl»'i|, rnllinial iuii «'\aiiiiiiiMl. ami •• \ i-iti: al" wire iiiailr \ cil ir.il. TIm- wiMidni liii\ wa.s mmmI. 'I'lic iii.>|t, ami tin- ti>isioii wa." a|»|»n>\iiiiatrl\ ri'iiitiv III, .Siiiriip >>iinih mlcil li\ iwo liiiris. wliirli \v(M'(' ill position ulini tin' iiistriitiimt was i-i-ci'!\'<' :i:. nil :« m:, INI :m •i'l tut .'M :» :ti W. M'Mlirl IMIIl'Irlll'l.. ... . .. •j;iH :i.-. :iii ■iW 'J.", nil •,'.l!l !i."> INI IKIH Xt Ml Mi'uii . . Ill '.M I llH' lilv iKlMII 4.1 :m " ( i:) Ml •4' •> ..V W :hi lt«>iiio\i-il till- iltrlinatioii iiia;4,ti«'t, jiitnincil the rolliination ina;;nrl. ami ilctcriiiiiK'il ilir \alii)' I one division of its srali* as follows: K. vrrnliT. O I II .V> ■> (Ml :>4 :ui INI .'•4 :mi ini .V> 'J>< Ml \V. M-flUI-l IHili n iK'O. •SV, 'if m •i.U Ml till .> (HI OlMMllviKiotl £11 :iii mi •*» :.4 . SCi •,'- mi imIimI I In- ilccliiiaiioii na;;!<«-t ; lU* tcl'tiiiin'il tin- /I'll! ol its scnli' as follows: .Si-al<' iiiiiiiIh'Iii. iUtfH. tMrt'ft » INI 11.40 IMni 1 ,,.... II. till Iiivrrtrd., ■«..•..• •. III. !HI |)ii-,.,.| . ", *«• Invertcil (».«4 *.*«•.«•.•.••*«••.•••* i%,m rH'Hir II .111 .\ll< lliKli- II. Ill II. Ill <•. INI 11. W) /i>r lit'cliiiiition niiiLsiH'f iiml siis|mmi<]im| tlii> rolliiiiiitittii- inai;iii't. iK'tfiiiiiiird llu' /cio nl' il.>> scale as t'ollow.s: Si.ilr IiiimiIm'I^. la\rrt>-«i . mrvvt - . I*«rrlmi . iiiUN. All"iiiiil<- iiii-aliM, /. lllK. M. nil /.I'l'll. IT. CO 17. .'HI IV 111 l-.twi 1-. iiii l-.-.M IT.tM ll.lKt I-. :it f. 10 i:. !Ni 1 -. m tail iH.o:i tt».H) The t*olliiiiatni' >\a.s rciiiiiM-ii, tlic ili-<-liiiatiiiti iiia^iict sits|M-iHlril. and ihr iiistniiiiriil till lied in a/iiiiiil li lint il I lie \ eri i>iu'tie axi.soj' the nia;;iict, and neailv in the iiia;.:netie tiiciidhin. Ikfiiioved tth' declinalion niauiiet and siisiieiidcd the colliniatioii ma;; lu't : torsion circle nio\cd until the \citical wiie nl the leli-M-ope liiseclj'd tlu> IS.O.~Mli\ isiuii oj' the seah-. laiM>til° ileloision now in the tna;.;netie me- iitiiaii. Torsion circle. ;;.'.)."». <\»Uiiiiator reinovi'd and decliiiiit ion nia;:ii 't sns|iended: the \ci lical will- iiKule to liisect the ju.ii:; di\ ision of the scale li> ino\ in.i;' the insti'ii- uu>!t( in a/innith. Line of cojliniatiini now acciiiatelv in the ina;;tieti(' iiieiidian. riiernioiiiet<'i 7 J .'JO j-. Tiin«' of »>l>ser\ a I ion ()'' ."iO"' p, ni. Veiiiieis i:. <; ', .*.|' no": W. •_'!,; .")!' (Mi". iK'tet'lllincd the eoeHicieiil of toision as follows: t'irrl*- n-uiU liIKi Sriilf 11 .»N- 111. •J.-| tt. Ill I.V!MI It. INI Dill, ri-lirc III' HIT. 0©^ IM 00 nillin II .f iifnii'i I. I.'. l». HI I. INI Mi-iiii (itv 1HH. I :i '.MP II li'*" l,C. Ilisll'ilineiil llieii lelt in adjil.sl ineiil tor oli.servntiolis of iiia;:netie tlti-liiiatioii. l-!\atnineil what nioveinent an itieirii.He of the ii;,nir(>.H*' lirlioted. I'oniid the lioith *\n\ niov e to i he east w aid. The ol>ser\ er at thto itistriitnent looKs tioilhwai«l. Tal^kxlaied the lollowiii;: data : ( 1' I i)Ai\ \i)U M.%»;Nr,ric m:i i in \ i i.in. 1. /eio of declination ina;;net. 1(1. (t.l. »'. Aimulai \alii« III (iiicdix i.Moii of .scale of declination ina;;iM'l, L" L'S".."». X hitVeiiMiee of scale ieiidin<;s for !M» ol tor.sjon, 1.71 (»!>7". |.'l."». I. Atiy;idai' \ nine of scale cornM'ted for ratio of torsion and ina;>'iH'tic. I'oiie, ({ ^i + JJ^ J L»«".7. iMtl miirkvil witli tliftn-cN, liiit wiiit hnmiiiiii'iI iu i-i-ihI tu tin- imliuttr> wiij . i{i:c'ON\AissAN( i: or Tin: yikox imvf.u. S7 IllliltlOll M. Ill /.iii>. 7. (i(Miyi;i|»lii(iil pusitioii of iiiiiy;iH'tMm('t('r : Ljititmlr. <»«r Mi' 17 ' intrlli: lM||;;iMl(l<'. 1 1.") 17' 17" Wfst. S. iiisiniiiiciii |)iit ill |M)sitiuii, i:ic\ ,\Hn\> n| \|\(.M:i1( |t|;« I.INA I i<»n. I '•!.• I ^ I MiS. \l.\»K \. 'I'll, iiilii'ii. iini|.Mii'tiiiiM'ti I Nil. -i, liy Wliriiiii Wi'ii'ilciiniiiii— UliM'ivi I . ('iiplaili <'lmiii« W. |;.i> iiiniiil, III ill il si:ii. , i:iimiHii'H. led. and llir lO.O.'l 'cliuii ol' iii'iidi:!!!. iiiii iiiii^ Itiscclcd iHlic iiir- \ crliriil ic insli'ii- IIKIUllftU' 00". M< Mil for ■HI • 1.71 iiiii^iU'tir • liyiiii'.s* (dist-rvrr diitsi : ( D.iti A I .;iiNt I I. l-i'l Tim Tfiiili. (!■.» Sr.ilr Aiiuii".! 1.'.. 1h;!i A'n;ii«I III. l-ii^' A. II.. " IHI 11. III. I'l.l. II I-. VII ■^ l.'l 11. III. i;:i. II 1-. Ml " ;ui a. Ml. li.i. II I-. (HI - 1.-. 11. III. II"*. .'» r,.m '.1 IHI H. III. "ill. II r.. Ill !t I.'. II. III. •;i.ii II.. Ill !• :iti n. III. Vi. :> 1 1. •.•• !t i:. n. III. ',:>. It II. ;ii lit INI II. III. VI .'. l.'i. Ml Ill l.-> II. III. vi. .-. 1 1. -jii lit :iit K. III. :ii. II 1 1. :■« lit l.'i II. III. •;ii. .'■ I.I. Ml II IMI II. III. ".ll. .". i:i. )Ki II l.'i ». III. ■ ". .'i l-j HI 1 1 :u) 11 III. ^(1. II II. nil II l.'i II. III. HI. .'i II. Ill Vi INt III. M..-. III 'Ml I-; i:. 11 III. "•.'. II II. In I-; :iii |. III. ^ ',• .'i II. Ill \! I"i |. 111. •■.', II III i.n 1 INI |i III. -1. II III. till 1 :u ■• III. ' - . ■'• II. -.HI ;i 1.-. |i III. ^: 11 I'.', nil li IHI |i III. 'i. II II. '.II li l.'i |l III. •■.'. II II :ii li :ui |i III. -II II 11 -n '. (HI |l III. '.•..11 II. IHI • M\ |I Ill ll!l. II 1 1. IKI - Itll ll III. li'J. II II. .VI > Mil |i III. >. II 11 IHI 11 III ll III. .>. II In nil l-i •.'• II III. .'.li, II 1 tin In :tll I'l. n 1 III l.'i II III. ;ii.ii .'11 IHI II INI II III. VI. II II !in II l.'i II III. HI, II - IHI II :tit II III. "11. 11 IV III 1 1 i.-> II III. ^11. II !l 'Ml 1 I.-. ,. III. -'l II 1 1.1.11 ■J IHI |i Ill -1 ■. I.' IHI :t IHI |i III •ill ll. nil 1 IN) |i III f»i. .'l Hi. IHI ."> UtI |i III. <>. II li.'.HI Ui'llllllk.. \Vi iitlit'i > Ki'l iiiiil I li'.ii . \ ri \ litll. u mil. OliMiMil l.\ Ml. 1 \Vi>iil.ilil IlllmlMll I \ Ml 1' \V. Mllllii. I 11. Ill I I.I li |i III. i'iiuii'..:<'il in <'\|iii iiii. Ill .< Ill il< III rill. n I I'll k I'll ilniinu r\|M'iiini'liti< i.l ill Ilii timi ; I In i iniiitii'lii' 1 iilliiili.il i li.ixr hlliilicly i(il«|iri'lr(l Mil' |il'i-«*'liri' nl' illirnril nil il.n , mill Willi III till' ..Imi rv.il.iiv :it iiili||iti:lil ii-* III. I) HI .nii'il t.. I nil -I I It III iiiilii .ilinii'M.I it In III.' "Uv. A lilllr I l.niilv .iii.l .III ,i'<|ii|i,ill\ ,1 : •mrill.iliiiu ^^itllnllt a|i|iiiii'lit riiiitt'. M.'|i|.. ll ll aillii;;'* '.i I'liil.' i \l>' iltiii lit« ol \ lln.itliiii , 1" L'.s".:». i;r.. 11111^111*1 iC' iinrtli I'lid MKM-idiiiii iliiiitrv wn\. •f i'r\ ci', riipiiiiii Clnnii's W . IJiiviumid, Inili'd Sliiti-s I'liii^iiiccrs. i>i:t\ii.s. 'I'Ik' instniiiH'iit was rrtiiiiM'd in tlir siniic iMisitinii. and tiif nmhhIi'Ii lin\ ii.srd I'liv till' i>\|ii'ritiii'iil.s III' dfllci'tiuii as well as \ iliiatittii. Tlic lii'll iiK'tal di'tlt'i'linji: liar was pliiri'd in iiu^ilinii and .'^rnni'd, and llic Nii|i|iort Ittr tlu' drll<'«'iiii;i iiia;:n('t |iiit on. To this was atlaclii'd a tlit'i'iiioiiM'tt'i' Miiitt' <'litM' III till' iiiiiuiii't. 'I'lir iiislriiiiiciit was iiiiiM'd I 88 KKfONXAlSSANCi: ol' TlIK YfKON IlIVKK. vory sliy:litly in ii/.iimitli until flu- \«'riic;il wiic l)isi'c(nl tin* I0.(K{ divis- ion of tlir sciilc Till' vcrnici's writ- tlini icni :iiiil tin* time notcil, in onlcr to fifllou tin- <'li:iIiLrt"* of (l('cliii;itioii diiri!!'^ llir cxpi'lillH'Ilt > of dcllcrtjoii. Tilt- colljiiiiltioii liLi;j;iH-t \\;is |Im-ii |)i;ifft| upon tlit-tMst rrid of the drilfctiii;;' Itar, sraN*. Tlir tlicniionicti'i' and titiic wrvr noted and the vernieis lead. The deliector was then moved to tl.sT foot, and a similar o|>(*ration ptne tiiron;:h. and the same at l.'.mieet. 'I'he maikeil end of the de tieclor was llien leveised at l.iMi feet, (he instiinneni mo\ed in a/imntli. the suspemU'd ma,i;iiet ([nieled, and the vertieal wiieof the telescope made to Itisect the lO.d.'l di\ isiou of the scale, «S:c. 'I'he deliector was then i'emt»\ed snccessivelv to 0.S7 and (>.(!•*) foot, when it was rexeised and an exaitlv similai operation peri'orined as from the first, in order to olitain a donlde set «>f residts. ( >ne ohserv a- tion was taken on the west hefore the delle<'lor was i'emo\ed. The deliector was then taken away, the suspended needle (pdeted. the vertical w irt> of the telescope made to Itisect the in.n"> ser\atioiis made. At the close the deliector was leiiloved, the suspended needle (piiete(|, jlic \ertical w ire of the tele- .seo|ie made to lti>eci the in.n.l di\i>d time. I'.NI'lil.'IMr.NTS OF IIKII.I'CTION. I'lHii ^1 kd.v. Ai.vMvv, Aiitjnsl II, |Hii'.». Miitfiirl lit ir.ii.'i I'liHt iiikI ui'hI. • \ u n 1 3 i 5 > p t 1 i* 1 M4 ill 1! ■j 7 1 n , It c t n /.. III. It. ( II o t n i:. I v.. W. 7'.i, fl.i. iiii ■>i yl :i:> i:. INI IM) INI I'll :u (HI 1 4li IHI III! :i4 4!l ■Jll 4H •J4 .'■.'1 II ii III ir. IIII .1 :ir> m 114 4.'i :*\ 'ji;. .'. ■Jill 4.1 IIU 1 1 II) :,•). II 1 i: -Ill mi !i-l (HI IIII iiii i*-"^ on ■J 4.". (H) iiii .'iii ii.1 ;if :i.-. 47 •Jl). .'. 11). II \i w. i:. w. -l.ii t i Ml. (1 -T.ii •JOI lll-J ■,':i IH 11- :ii ;ii •Jl INI IIII IIII INI . :ui III IW IK) :i :hi IH. 114 IHI 4.'> •:i.N ,vt Xk 1 III-.' ^11 IIII :i :i.t im Mi-iiii ... :to •J!) &r-. 1) I!fj -J*.! I'J W, I.I 711 IKI Of :i4 ."ill. II If li:i •jii IHI A :iT (M) IKi 'JII t:i •Jtl. .'. i:. r-ii. U •.ti:i III-4 •,11 'jii :«i on til :«i IN) :u) Ill II l!l litii •Jl) IH) 4 .'•4 Oil IIW 'JII •ii . (),-|. w. rJ.« , '.'-J •Jl ■jii IHI . IKI 77 Ml mt, II '..'1 114 !» 00 3 tA 00 114 'J4 i; o:i.o tnl 1 . iiiiil W .. •JU4 h IIII . Mi'iiit . . . . Mt-aii :»H .V. li.V.'i :«* lU .VJ. 5 i ■ Ui',|t'«'». Heuutil\i. — III. Mliii. |t. iii.--'riil'iii il iiiNliiiiiii-nl mi lll.u:i I'., (ittliirlii'tl.l :ill. 4 nil |i. Ill — DrlliTliil- IIWIIV tn ulliiw rliiiiiu< n iil' ili'illlialiiili. 'ri'lll|i.. Hl"^ I'". ViiiiliiN, K. IKI ■ I'.f W.'Ji;i 41. lilil .. — ViTlili r». v.. IKI .'i4' ; W. •J4;i .'>4 , .(Mini. |i. Ill,— Kmlori'spfriiiii'iiiN. 'rrmp., fj ■ V. Siiilf, 11.70. ;{ of ilSt V\\i\ m1 iiiii;;- irctioii, ic 1 :i.'i «». .'• 1 1 ^^ III. 1) ,> :.:i :i:i. 11 :iM 'Jit lili.U ,1.1 .,. , , » ^, ,— :'.! i)H r.n. t> :m ;u ■UK 5 ;!• IN) 10. :i!i :i(i O.V 77 »i (Ni. I) :w M IKLO ;fii io 5a. 5 w. 'J4;i r.r. 'I'dlip., Hi" Sciilf, 11.70. I liKCoNN.VISSAN* K OF Till; YKKON llIVKi;. 89 AV/x rimfiils itf (U'tlvrtiou — ( 'mit iiiurd . M.I'JLIM I .it 'I ■"•'> "ll-l illl'l "'1l. •5 1 «< I r. H U ■\\. u 17 ■.*» •j:i K. \v. E. \V. K. W. K. W. flt. n Hl.O el. .") .'.II ."ill M .Mi .'■7 .•Si 7i IfiH ."iD UO .14 a 3.2 91 •i'l-i .'>7 (10 I" 0:1 INI •M" 11:1 INI (Ml 110 no { 1:17 .'ill 00 I IHI ! . (NI I iiiti :i7 (10 I WW 0:) (Kl h. 1,.. .w. •i IHI (III •J '-"J 00 •J M M ':V'i7 '«(» ii,,-i 4:1 ati i:i7 .Su' .w iiw .v> -i.'i i;w 01 :ii :io wx w. o l.-i '»\ •j:«.» :«i .'."< .'..Ml l.'i ai 37. .'. ;mi .'.I 11.0 i.'i 'A'i 3,'.. .'» Misiii ic.i i: >-' .11 hf. ».* .. II f^l 1. II 11 .1 \v •j,".'.t it «7 Til 'J.Vt I- ■J,- nil •J- IMI 1:1 IKI 1:1 INI 111 no Hi III III ml III ml lii'.i i- no i:i7 1:1 no iiisV iii (Ml i:w 01 06 I n.t 00 j' :iii no :. itV 06 r.'-iiV'mV M.aii III'.) ■> IM "ifiT ij i.'. ' iii'j itV :«> "i;'ti no •>[ I.'. T, OS. (i •II I,'. 21.0 I.-. :,i 10..". ;ii :i:t *:>.» 1.". Hi .vj..'. Ill Hi (111. I.', x- 0^. :. i.'i III! :hi. .'li M.iiti «.'. -t."! M.iuiiit ill IMMt (list ami woi»t. 1 .1 T 1 1 w Si* 1 1 1 1 1 H ""! ill £iH -1 i 1 1 ^ ,, /'. I". *. ' .' E. Hi.n ..^1 |H |4 O.'i O.'l Hil H (i."i ■J 10 (HI Hil IT wi K. :i 1.-. 1:1 .'.a. 4 KJ. l-I.O :i:i •ji ••1 INI IHI IHI no . ii.'i :i;j (Ml j •J trt UO 115 :t:i ^o 1.'. 1:. .M Hi .•i:t 4:1 :*\. INI. il Hil -Jl no :i (/-J (HI ici to •10 Oil. i.'i. 10 W. e-AO ( .'».*! :i.'. :il :ii :u) :io :ii; ;ii> IHI u.'i ;i.-i 00 :» OH (HI 1 i.'i :ir. •i'l I .•il :n.5 K. \\. v.. e.i. .T (j7. f4. 1 Tl 1 .Vi •IX, \ Tl 1 -J.'. I no no . 00 IMI . 00 . no 1 Hil :ii (III 1 1:1 nil * .v.* II. a ir.i :ii ll!l ""■ ~' ' W i.'i Ill Hi I.'i 04 0-J IMi 0:1 ai.o Hi II,'. ;»i 0(1 1 \ iW (Ml 11.-. au l<> i|iiit't it. 00 RKCOXVAISSANCK OF THK YI'KON RIVKU. AIIm' llifsc ('xi»i'riiiu'ii(s tlt« «li'M«'ct()r wjis rniiovpil. 'I'lit' torsion s\a.s tlM'U tJ'.Ntrd iis lollows: Cirrlo n^iiilM Hcalo wmU •X or. li'i:. :i. !»."« II. "lit ti. lUI ■<:. tKi ii.-jfi Piff. ofiiru. Dtir. (if M-ali*. ^trnii for m 90° 180 MO 10. y ('.i|il.i!ii <'li.irlin W. I:j> iiimiiiI riiilcij St.ilrn Kii(.'liiiri ■«. The rollowiiiy cNpciimciit.s of vilinitioii w'l'ir iiiiuli-. The cliroiioinctcr used Wii.s No. I»;h',» M. 'I'.. Iiy I5li.->ioii of ihi- scale. Scale read ini; taken Just Iteloie the Jitiuli \iltration to siiou cliaiiyes o|' declination. IJeadiii:.;, I'.. 00. Tiine. llMi. l."»ni. p. in. .Inst lieloic the .'lOMtli \il»ration the scale reading' ehan;ied to '>.{){), there lieinu' Ho apparent cause. The \ iluations had liecoine so small that the assumed zero division did not pass I lie vertical wiie. 'i'he in siiiinieiit was therel'ore moved sji^htlv in azimuth to collect this elianjic ol' declination, and the .'liMtth vihiat ion timed. No I'lirther Niiirations conhl he timed, as it was toniid impossiMe to make the ina;;net \iliiate any lon;4«'r. At the end of the experiments, the instrument was mined in azimuth to its ori};°inal position, in order to oh.serve (■lian]L>'es in declination. Approxiinale time ot'six \ iluations at the iM'^iimin;.:', •••*»''. Approximate time of ten \ iluations at the L'(M>th, ."»!»% Stopped at I'' IL"" p. 111. \ llllIATKi.NS. Ohmrnirniiin iiilltmit iniijhl. .X'i> iifii'c. TimoM liy rliriuioiii«-U>r. i T<*ni|i., F. II 14 18 94 au III. ». Ill 0.V til -ill. n n iii. :. IM •i*. :i I'.t 111. II I'l :i'.i. : 09. .1 MS.,*} 8a .1 88.9 8S.5 (K.S (AS 41) 94 to too «W MO 1 llN t 'l 'ntli)|lirtl*r. T<«iii|i., r. /i. m. H, " 1 ai I.V.'i fttri ',11 r.i.M H11..1 •ji •■:. Hu. r. »i*i IIJ. H >"i .'. •,'11 111..') rl (1 :i.'. .'m. .1 r-l.ll 43 4T.» «4. U To ilelrriiniii- riMfllriiiil u/ /()r..( 111. m i'j.ii."> >jl.lNI :i. !!.". n.7i» IliH'.iil'iirr. goo ISO 00 Diir.ol NCilli-, Mruh lilt IN) no 10.40 ado 9.W KKCnNNAlSSANM K OK I'm. MKOX RIVKR. 91 Tilt' ul»srrviitiniis\vith wciulil wrn- linn iiiiitli'. TIh- «i»lliiM;itiMii.|ii!i;j- lu't rnniiiiMMl siispcinlcd, :iiiil llir incrtiii liii;; was Itiilaiicj-il nii it. \l»pro\iiiiiilt' tinir of six vihiatioiis .\\ tin lu-jiiiiiiiM;- . . .•»;»^ Im-i lia .in-. .-.Isi.!.. .I.ain.t.r I.!«^; ".<• "I'S. i'lsiil.' .lianutcT ••<»'»• mmIm's. A,.iulit :.(»7.0l.' grains. HraU'-riatlin- at Tu-innin^' '"•'"*• \ Illl.'AI lo.NS. Dliiirraliiiiih iiilh uilijlil. Ti'iiii)., r. W.ft H4S rtj.n H*r. Hi.n Ht.O M.fi Nil. Ill iMU'. 'rmii < li> c '.iriiiiuiiiili I. 'Iriiili. M 91 30 :u> H :a toil I'. Nil. Ill 11^1. '|'iiiiiili\ I liniiiniiiiiir. I rriiip. I' /.. IK. x. 1 :ii I'l. - on. It :« \i. y ^■ll II :i:i :i.v -11. :i( «'■. 7 -11. (1 :i.'i •ji.*- .-II. :iti II..I -11,11 •ii in. .1 -11. II 1- i«i. .'• -0.(1 .1- .•i:i. .•. ► 11. (1 :i!t 1(1. 1 Ht. (1 10 ;t'.i. ."i HI. (» Hi :u.:i M). II A. •■Ill I :iiiii Mih; .11.: :iif :wi :i:iii :u-j u- ilTil :u'i() «. II.- VX n..'. :il. 11 •jii. : I'l. I ii.:i HI. 'i :>',. (I vx :> n. II Xt. u ll!l II (.!l (1 (•!) II C'.l II li'.l II (i; (1 ti7 II iu II (17 II (17 II •17 II lil) II Willi! Hum till- iiifl. Iliiiliii'.' Hi' -i.ili- It ' ii'l "I 'Ali'iiiii'iil'. :'•"' . „ , ,, ,,, .,,. Ii,,'.il,i,iiilnlMi-n.li....Hln r.|.l.,lMi l..Ml.-\V IM.M I rnlli.lsi,.lr»lMmliicvr«. I... n,> Ml. I .1. MlljlH. \,ill -\-,i'i.wl III. .M IW- .--i/.-.i.. iii.al.nlli.iiil ili-pla.N -r i.iin.r;! i-iU i«l... - H li-tj-l ,•;'""''•'" |„;„r. 11 «.M Hi liillli.iiil in llii-.iiM. Ihr nn..:iiil «a-. .Iin« ii i Mm|.!, H ly ntil nl lln- 1'""'"' "; «X I inini-il lln i,„MU,ni.nl in ../iiiinlli. ninl lln n "a« lli.il lln_ m.^ml «a, :;i. ..ll.N aylLiMl l.olli ViTliriillv;iiHt In.ii/.onlMll.v, li smi- ili.iwu > mnulv In lln m.ml.- I W U- Al (il*! ■-''. 1~<'.'- — I'll ill li nniiii iiidfitiiiil of liiniiiiii. ('Ircli> n'niln— ' SimIi niiilii KiiV. , .1.111. Dlff. of »ciilf. Misiiilnrw :i. !tt :!(!. ;i."i I '.'I.". III. in ."i. nil I.V HI III. :iu IN) INI IHI .V 10 III. "(I ;ii» In-liiiiii.ni hiiii.mI mi ,in i iili;iii iiiaiK llir ii.milii.n ..r « lii- li liinl l..'-n iliaii!.--.!. i;iit.liiii.'iilvfnili'ii<, I'l. •J;! imi to \\ . vioo m- :iii . Ai ■,%. ^. w, <>^> <^ O^. \t> T.^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // 4. .^ Va 1.0 ■ 5 .If lifi I.I 1.25 1.4 2.5 1.6 ^ <^ //, ^/. O^smo, o ^ PhotDgraphic Sciences Corporation •NJ A :\ \ ^^ 23 W«T M*'^ STRSET WESiTFit.N 7 145B0 (7Vi) »V 2-4503 c."^ 92 RECONNAISSANCE OF THE YUKON KIVEK. OliSKRVATloXS roi; AliSOLlTE .MA(;M:ri(' JXCIJXATIOX. A It. I'M •2(>. i.-^(;u. 'I'lic iiliscvvations to (Ict'iiiiiiu' ilic ;ib»(iluto uiagnctit: im-liiiation were iiimlc with ilipcircli' \o. ■,', liy W'iinlciiiami. I'icviiiMs to tlif obsrrvaf ions tlic iici'illrs wrrc rc-clmrfri'd. Itradiii^i.sot' vernier wlioii the iiistniiin iit Is ill iiiafilietie iiieriilian, I'aee cast. v;,Vi 11' (III' ; I'aec west, ''i 11' 00". Details, observations, and record by Cajitain Cliarles \V. liayniond, I'nited Slates Kiiuiiieeis, Xi'.HDi.i; X(i. 1. — MuiKKD i:ni> mhmii. I'"ace of vertical circle. I'acc of needle. jreans ; of north and j Mean.s. sontli ends. . Means. i '''™1''' ^y K *!• 'u (10 !•; xi 00 W ."..■•> 00 A\' (-0 0,") 00 K lii r,-i :to r, ,")T (10 w ,-.;! 00 \v ,-,:i (10 7'J rM GO 70 ,')7 :io go (10 00 ■'.) 1.". (It) 7!l -I'.l (Id V.) ,-i:i no .1. Mean 7!) 0:i lo '. lilt, 11 m. r. liO. (I (ill. r, t-2. (I (ill. 7-,>, 71.0 Xki.iii.i; Xo. 1. — M.vi!Kr.i> i;m» .^-oi hi. Kae e of vertiea 1 eiiele. I''aee of nerdli'. !Mearis of noi'tli and soiilli ends. M eans. 00 O'l M ean •1 T >mp,. K !•: . . . . ,-<0 1-i 00 00 00 00 00 (10 00 00 c ,-0 1 1 70.0 Mean 7- oi; . . . ' 70 'J,") 1 HO ]'J 7!l 47 4,"i 70. 7!) 2G HO 70.0 70,0 AV 70 .58 30 70 K.. ...i 70 4.-. 4-J 70 i:, ].-) 70, 70 ;i-j m 70.0 70.0 70 40 :i(i ] ( Xi:i:i)i.i; Xn. ','. — Makm.d k.vd Miiini. Face of vortical circle, V. \\ . I ifenns i Kaee of uee(ll(}. i of nortli and ! Means. I Houth ends, ! M..an.s, l'^"];,^''" .l-R., 10 . . \V AV I AV W / HO o;t 0(1 00 00 oo (10 0(1 00 no 80 01 II 00 / // 0") 70 r 4 4,7 70 41 7it 4.5 ;to ,")() ;t."i 7!l 42 :io "pO 70 : •J HO i:) 70 .>.» :io ;!■,' m. ()0, (19, (iO, (i!l,0 (i!t, (iO, u 09,0 Mean. 79 43 :n, 5. RECONNAISSANCE OF THE YUKON RIVER. :)3 '-r (Htscrrdlionn for nJiMdutf iiidfiiK lit- '.iiiHikiUdii — CoiitiiiiKMl. Xi;i;i)i.i. No. ■>. — M \i;ki,i> i:ni) .soirii. T'iici^ ol Vfiliciil liiclc. [■' Ka.( < cif IIimmUi'. ipf 11 Sim >0 [('."lis irtli .iiiil til ciids. ' M ■nil s. >r('iiiis. '1 0111])., E - ID III) III! (Ill (H) I (HI : III! nil IKI o Iv! (Ml o / // 7(1 (1 :ili w I' .-11 11 0(1 70 . . . r^i) rO 10 (M) 7(1. (1 70.(1 W T!l ■Hi 3(1 70.(1 I' 711 10 :to 70. (I .-II 711 111 :<■: :») 70. 70. Ml to 00 l.'i i * ( Ni:i;i)i.i; Nn. I!. — M.\i;Ki;i> i;m> .mumm. ]'':ii-r lit' viv(ir:il ciirlr. I'm r iil' iici'ill AV M.iiii Mciiii.f .,, Ill' iiurtlwiiiil >ri:ili.s. Miiiii>. "j"'' .simili iiiil.s. K . K . W W K. K . W A\' ' ~i I II D i /I ■■ I 'I .1 70 l.t 00 70 ,71 00 i;-*. ."lii oil 711 .77 HO (i-i. .-11 II.-; 00 ^0 (II 00 (1.1..') 00 (10 (!,-<. (I . 70 1,7 00 70 1.7 HO OO.d III 00 i 7'.i :i-,' 1,7 i;o. .70 00 7'.l 10 00 011.0 :!o 00 ' (ill. Nl.l.Dl.i; Nd. :!,— M.\i!Kl.l) E.M) Xlllll. ]''ilir 111' * rlliiill rirclr. I'ilii' iil' IHTlllr, Mt'lUls 111' iiiirlli and Mi'iiiH .soiilli ciiil.s. I 70 11 "i-J. .7 Mi.iiis. '''''j^;!' IW AV. Mriili K. K. W A\' K . JO. AV \y Ml :i.7 (10 fO i:; :io 7H 'i-J (10 -0 IH (III ,-0 0,7 (III .-0 (I-.! liO (1(1 00 711 11 00 , 70 10 (III :i;i HI 70 -JO 1.7 ■,'7 i!0 70 1.1 :«) Ill (10 70.(1 70. II 70. .7 70. (;.•<. .7 (H, .7 ll.-. ,7 (i^. .7 '1 1- :!7. COMLMTATIONS. MA(iM;il(: DECLINATION. To (U'tcniiinc tlic aii.uiiljir value of one division ol' t\w .scale of the (lec'linatioii-ina,i;iiet, eon-ected for ratio of toisioa aiid niaji'iiolic force, a moan of the ob.seivatictns of An^^iist II and Hi is eniploved. The com- putation is as follows : w=rmean of scale-readinjis for tMP: ;/=same reduced to an«uhir viiluo; *r=nu'an of circk' readings for \H)^ \ rf=an,mdar Aaluo of ono division of scaIo = llS". j. 94 REC0Nx\AIS8AXCE OF TIIK YIJKOX RIVER. mx(( = H = HW.2ii; /r=;!2400()" ; n'-u=:.i2:y2:VA".l I loj;- ^ =2.8843702 ]()o- (ic-,i)=r).rmr>i67 lo- ^J[ = 7.3748r>ir) j!=o.o(L';57(>(; i + |!=i.<">2;J70() a ( I + |^J) = 148".8r,=L" 2S'\S:t Mean . Scale 10.03— Voiiiiors e. urp .14' AV. 243° 54' Meridiau-mark 20 00 '>09 00 r. ,. . , 34 54 iyoi'i'. iov aziiuuth ot iiuuk _li 30 Mean of s.:"ale-readings 13 3(j 13.30-10.03=4-3.33; 3.33x2' 48"=8'.2584= 8 15' .5 Mean (led illation = 30 32 15 .5 Mean declination, Amfu.st 10, 1800. Ileject observation at 10'' 45'" a. ni. Mean of scale-rea(ling.s=13.74. 13.74-10.03= +3.71 3.71 X 2'.48=9'.i'008= +9' 12".05 Mean -=distance between centers of magnets in feet. w=corrected angle of deflection. r::=0.05; «=38o 55" 25'.5 log tan w=9.9071034 ar. CO. log (2) = 9.0989700 log r = 9.8 129134 log (>-^) = 9.4387402 log ^=9.0448730 "*=:= 0.1108852 / RECONNAIS.SANX'E OF THE YTKON RIVER. >-^=0.S7 ; u = irp :',{■>' ;{()"..-, lou. tan Ks^^KUiMlU iir. (•(». loo- (2) . :!).(;!)8!>7()0 I<)o- '" - .s.!»(;.j<;!»!)(> III X .-^0.001 !»S 14 95 v:^-: 1 .0!) : ,/ : 70 5(J' W.: l„u- tan »^0.M4(kS:)S lo-- (r')=().112L.'7!t.". iir. CO. lof.- (L'):=().(il>8i)700 log "!=8.!>r,o(»;3r);; '''^(>.()!»o;!:)i.-) Moan at 0.87 and 1.0!>, !JJ = 0.001 1(504 ; log=8.0.")!»8348 PRODUCT OE MACfNETIC; ^lO^nO.NT OE YllJKATlNCi MA(i.\ET Xm) IIOHI- ZONTAJ . I>- J' EX.SIT Y. Correction of iime.s of vibration. Tlio correction for rate and arc beino- inappreciable, the correction of tiie times is computed by the following formula: T^=T"x(l4--J)[.l-(/'-/)7j in Avhich T and T' are the true and observed times of vibration resix'ct- ^^''^h"^ yj tlic ratio of the torsion and magiR'tic forces; t, the tempera- ture of the Tuagnet wliile defle(;ting; i', the temperature of the magnet whde vibrating; and q, the change of magnetic moment for one degree of temperature. Having had uo opportunity to obtain the value of o by experiment it is assunu'd 0.00015. / ^ i I. Tinu' without weight. /'=81i3.7; / :8;50.;',; // _ / ,,^ tp.(),j ; (/'-^)^/. ^ ].0()()0i) log [1 -(/'-07] = 0.0000;{01 iog(T'') =i.r.5o;u70 log (l + !|)~:0.001028;j log(T2) = lJ55l7{S50 iogT-^o.77r.ooL>r> T=o'.J)(J01 9G RECOXNAISSAXCi: OF THE YUKON KIVP:K. 11. TiuK' with wci^jiiit. ^'.= 82^7; tr...-2'^A; f'-t A0^.:\^ (/' — /) 7 = 0.001545; l,,n' 1 1_ (/'_/),y] :^. n.()()!).'52S5 ]()-• (T'-'').-:- 1.8885701 lou- (1+,JJ^)=(MH)102S;3 loS (T-).-=.L8880L'72 lo,nT-=0.9144«i:{(; T = 8\800 Mnnii'Dt of inert''! of irrlffhf. The iii('rtiii-iiii^i>- is ol' bcll-nu'tiil. Its iiioiiKMit of iiieitia is computed by the lullowitiJi' foriiuila : >■ i ill wliicli — K' ==. A (/■■-' + }•'-)/'• r -- outer radius in icct ^^ (),(>8;;i'!M( 0.0(;(i708 507.02 r' = iiiiuT radius in loot w --= woi.i!,lit ill p'aiiis. . . r- r^: 0.00()9372211 r'- = O.004449957.'} !■- + I-'- :. 0.011 ,'587 181 4 .1, wr==25;3.51 lo^- ^--- 8.05(541(;2 loiLj .: 2.40ai)!»51 loii' K' :^.:.O.4G041i;! « 1 Moment of inertia of .sunpcndeil nKujnet and stirrnji. This I iu which T' and T arc tho corroctod timo;of vibration with and without weight rcspoctivoly. T" =^ 77. 440000 T^ ---= 35. 50;515(i log- -- 1.55i;?850 T'^ _ T- ^ 41 . 840844 ; log = 1 .0210027 ; ar. co. log -= 8.378337;$ f — t:^^ l()o.<) 5 2r -^ 0.000013() h)g K' ^ 0.4004113 1 + 2e (f — t) = 1.00014824 log =- 0.0000G44 log K ^^ 0.3901080 The product of the horizontal intensity int > the magnetic moment is comj)uted by the following formula: in Avhieli K = moment of iTiertia of magnet a))d stirrui*, and T =« cor- rected time of vibration. J RECONXAISSAN'CE OF THE vrivON KIVER. 97 lo<-' (-2) = (>.0!)41>9J)7 loo- (1-) .. ]..-,i38r>0; ar. cu. lo^- =. .S.4-l,S(Jir>0 lo^' ///X = 9.8;5;}Ili>7 MAG.\KT. Tlie qiiautities arc computcMl by the followiu- fonmila' : ill whicli A = -j^ ; B = wX lo<>-P, = 0.,S.T!I11'7 loo- A = S.O.jOS-'JiS ar. co. I,.- .-. i.o.Kii,;.-,^ ]o,o'(X^) =^~- (i.,s7;Jl'77!> log X = o.4;j(;(>;i.s!)o X =^ 2.7;J210 loo- A =3 8.1>r){)8;U8 ]()olj .= 9.8;j;jiii'7 log (/«■-') x^ 8.7(L'i(T77i l(io- ),i =^-:, !».;{!i(ii7;H.") ABSOLrTE 3IAGNETIC IIvTLINATION. Xoedle Xo. l_:\roaii of observations 790 4^/ -,../, - XiHMllo Xo. L'— :\„,ni of obscrvalioiis 51 Vi ' ", Xeedle Xo. 3— Mciin of obsm-iitioiis 4(j \s m ' ^"^•"^ ~^)~~~.s ^^^-»" 70 4!) 3- TOTAL IXTEKSITY. Tlie following formula is employed : I = - -A _ cos D in which X ^ horizontal intensity, and 1) = the inclination. lo;; X = 0.4;!(i(i;!!»(> log cos D = 9.2471031 4 ar. eo. log ^ 0.7.-,i',S9(;;) log I = i.Kson.ryj I = 15.471(>2 giiSerr^"^'*'"' '*^' ^'^•^''"' Charles W. IJaymond, Uniied States Kn- S. Ex. 12 7 ( / rfl^9l^mi^^g)^t^f«fgfg;iff!f^g^^gll^^,;^fg^ A V V i: \ i> I X c. EECOliD AND 1M:1)I;( T'oX OF METKOROUJGICAL OnSKiiVATIOX.S. <.:().MrAKl8(,)\ OK l!AK'n.Mi:Ti:U.<. l{i:iM)i:i!T Sr. ,Micii.vi:i.".s, Scptrnibir 'M'>, 1^'G'J. Cistf'i'ii liiii-iiiiictcis Xii.-*. I'lil;* Mini Ml.!, liy .raiiirs (Ii-fcii. XfW Ydik— ( )lisi'r\ oi', Mr. J. .1. .^[;lj(ll■. ( Iloiir. h. m. II) mi u :m II. Ill 11. III. IJiiromctcr uiicdr- ^\tt. tlii'riiii)- Kndi.s of Ipiiromc- Kiimim nf ri'cti'tl. mctci'. tii.s. tlu'iiiKiim^tiis. IGia ; IfiOO. 1013. 29. 015 . (;.■.:( . O.'i-.i . ti,"iO . 050 . 05!) .003 20. ti;i-j . i; 1 1 .(;:iii .03 1 . 03,-J .051 . 050 .57. .■.5. .13. 5 o .50. 5 5"^. 5 .5.5. .5 .51. -J .50. 5 57. 54. 5 0.(00 .000 .0110 .0110 .0110 . 000 .000 i 0.013 . 00!) . 0^-J . o-jo .Ol-J . OOH .013 1009. I 1013. 1009. I 1013. 1C09. 1-J 31 II. Ill I 30 1(. Ill •J 0(1 p. Ill 3 0(1 [). Ill ■- .. 4 00 p. Ill j .003 I .O.'iO ; 03. Slim - ii. 0!i7 LI I •nil- p:irl (il cciir.'ctidii iliic to (liH'crt'lifi' n,' liinoinrliTs 0. (113!) ■. I'iiit. of ciii'iiMli.iii line to ililt'iTciu'i' of iitt. tlirniiiiiiMlcrM i — i. OO'J,-' . Iiistruimiilal iliUVrciur ! -(0.0107 ;. 0.00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 o -1. 1.5 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.5 1.0 — 1.03 Sa.V Fi!.\N(I.-C(). Cistern baromotcrrj Xos. 1571, 1009, ninl liiiil. liy •[iiiiu'.s (iiicii, Xow Vork — Aiiorniil Imrninotoi — Ob.-ifiviT, Mr. J. ■/. Miijoi'. / Date. Hour. Baroiiii.ter micor. Att. tliiTiim- i i,;,,,„.„ „f i,,,,„„„. riTti'.d. 1 lucti-i-. 1 1 lI'H. Krrors nC till riiiiimc tci.M. 1,571. ; 1009. 1013. • ^'^')'j' 1571. '1009.1013. 1.571. lOiii). 1013. All.', loid. 1571. 0.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1009. 0.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 + 0.5 0.0 .0 1013. 1809. X.iv. 17 Dec. 1 2 3 4 h. in. 9 3(1 a.m. Iv! III. 30(li).lil. OOOa.ui. 3i 0)1.111, !)00!l.in. 30! 11.111. 9 00 11.111. 1 30.300 30.374 .•i-M .'^44 .191 .-l 7 .l-iO .193 .d-J.-' .013 ■2!I.!I(J7 •.i9 975 .!I37 .!ll:' 30.1^7 30.170 30.395 .•J55 .•,>•,• 1 .157 .045 .000 •.;!I.!I70 30. 19-J i i 1 1 ! 02.5 C:>.,5' 02.0 0.001) 03.5 03.5 (i3.5 .0(10 30,.3.50 07.0 07.0 07.0 .(!00 .29,1 5^.0 .5,".0 5^.ii .000 .190 1)0.5 00.5 00.5 .000 .1-^5 5.<.5 5,-'. II 5c-. .0(10 .0!iO 07.5 ti7.5 07.5 .000 .340 01.5. 01.5 01.0, .000 —.014 .on; .010 .0(i7 + .(il5 — .0(lf< .012 (-.017 —.035 .027 .0.!0 .031 .017 .033 .033 .0 5 —.1.59 .104 .102 .1.5ri .1.53 .153 .fO.5 .0 .0 .0 .« +o.ri .0 4 0.5 Sum —0.133 — .0222 -(- .0010 — .013b -0.211 — .0204 4- .0005 — .0209 — 0.!I4!) — .15.~2 4 0.5 +0.00 + i.r) !Mt'aiirt-pai'f iif ciiricition ihic to i ri'or nt' Ipanniii'tir.s Part iif convitiim due to I'lior in alt. tliciiiiniiK tti.s + 0.19 "75^ 100 EKCONNAISSAXCK Or THH YUKON RIVER. METF.OnOLOCICAT. Ol'.SERVATIOX.'^ AT TJEDOUHT ST. MICIIAEI/S. Cistern barometer N'o. Itillt, iiiiil tlicriiiiiiiicti'tj*. liy .riinus drci'ii. New Yurk— Ohsi-rvir. Captain Kiedoll. Miipiiiiiti mlriil 111' tr.uliii^;-.stali(iii. Date. Hour. July 3 II It cc m re 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2 p. TTl. !• p. til. (•a. III. I'J III. :i )). III. !• i). 711, !l a. III. 12 III. ;< p. III. \i. 111. !) a. III. 12 111. '.i p. III. !l ]>. ui. !l a. III. 12 111. H p. 111. !) p. 111. 9 a. 111. 12 111. I) I). III. ji. III. !) a. III. 12 111. '.i p. III. ](. III. !l a. 111. 12 III. '.i p. III. !' ji. III. a. III. 12 III. ;i p. III. 9 ]i. 111. 9 a. III. 12 III. •i 1). 111. 9 j>. III. 9 a. 111. 12 III. 3 p. III. 9 ]>. 111. 9 a. 111. 12 III. 3 p. 111. 9 p. 111. 9 a. 111. 12 111. 3 p. 111. 9 ]i. 111. 9 a. III. 12 111. 3 ]). III. 9 ]). 111. n a. 111. 12 111. 3 p. m. 9 ji. ni. 9 n. m. 12 111, 3 ]i. 111. 9 ]). Ill, 9 H. 111. 12 III. 3 p. III. 9 p. III. 9 a. lu, 12 111. 3 p, III. 9 p. 111. -1 o ^ 04. .'■> 29. 919 'i") "^ .H72 t;4. d 29. Mil- 01.3 . 772 01. (1 . 758 01. s .0!M 07. r, 29. 735 03. H . i,i( (<\.>< , 73!) 00. 2 ,7lH 0(i. 2 29. 790 07. . 7f'5 0."i. (1 ."f( 02. (I ,771 03. (> 29, 754 00. 2 .700 01..-. .719 02. 29. 730 04.0 . 730 01.2 .744 .'ih. (I .1-20 .'>-. 29. 928 57. . 924 .'■.,-.. :, . 924 .:.). ;> . 942 02, :< 31). 025 ,'■.',1, ', . 024 ;>f. ,'> ,018 :^f. () , 030 (i2. 5 30. 052 0(1. 7 . 054 .■>8. ,-> . 042 ;Vi. 2 . 040 04.2 30. 028 03. H .008 02. (1 29. 998 .'•.7. r. 30. (120 03.0 30.012 . 008 oi. 5 29. 998 00. 3!l. 030 01.0 30. 092 01. ry . 090 01.,-. . 080 01. h , 078 01. -, 30. 144 04. 1) . 100 (i2. r> .177 iil.f .210 ti2. 4 30. 220 02. .210 .'•.II. .218 01. 2 . !80 01.4 30, 12(> t.l.ll . 120 00. . 120 .W. 8 .124 03.4 30.114 02. 4 . 124 01.0 .08-^ ■'■.9. . 002. 1 01.. "i 30. 030 611.0 . 032 00. 4 . 022 00. .000 Oil. 29. 974 : 01.0 . 970 0(1. ', . 900 59, 5 .976 ^'iiul. ^ ? C «-3 a 29. 795 .773 29. OrO . 059 . 045 . 583 29. 005 .037 I .024 . 007 29. (i08 j .0.-.5 I , 0,->3 I .050 ! 29.034 : . 045 .040 . 005 29.015 j .009 .031 .711 29. ^25 ,^21 , C25 , 843 29. 907 .911 .911 , . 924 ■ 29. 934 .941 I .935 .941 I 29.905 : .880 i .881 .915 i 29.891 j .887 i .883 I .!H9 j 29.978 ! .975 1 .905 i . 902 I 30.029 j ,038 ! .0.59 . 104 I 30, 102 i ,099 : .108 .071 30.011 . 000 .015 .016 e,'. 994 30. 000 29. 1)74 . 9.53 29.915 . 921 .909 .-87 29. 803 .802 . 85.3 .860 i^ S.E. K. X. X. X. X. S.E. N. E. X. K. K. S. K. K. E. E. E. E. ?. E E. S. E. E. S. K. E. S. E. S. S. X. \Y. W. \. E. N. N. E. X. X. X. \V. X. W. X. \y. X. \y. AV. X. E. X. X". w. s. \v. s. w. s. w. S. \Y. a. E. '" S.E."" S. "W. K. s. s. s. s. s. s. w. s. ^\^ s. s. s. s. a. s. s. E. S. \V. s. E. X. W. X. E. X. X. E. X. X. E. S. E. X. X. X. N. 3 3 3 4 Clouds. Kiiiil. 10 10 4 4 4 3 8 9 10 !) 10 10 10 9 9 10 II) 10 ' 10 ! 8 I 8 ! 8 8 i "* i 3 1 : 1 . I 1 i 0- 9 I 1 I , 9 Cir. iiiiii. .. . 5 55. 78.0 04. 5 49.0 5!. 00. 5 03. 6 49. 5.1. 5 03. 02. ,53. 54. 70.0 52. .53. 54. 54. 5 51.0 52. 55. 55. 53. 50. 50. 5 52. 50. 51.0 53.0 50.0 58. ,54. 5 50. 5 57. 5 54.0 59.0 00. 5 61.5 5,5, 57. 5 ,59. 5 00.0 54.0 47.0 47.5 47,0 40.5 47.5 55.0 ,54, 5 43,0 48,5 5(1, 5 53.5 43.5 46.5 53. 51. 5 48.0 46. 5 59. 5 46, 5 47.5 49.0 49. 5 48.0 4l3. 3 .51,0 51, 49,0 47,0 47.5 48.0 47.0 47. 5 49.0 51.0 49,0 .50, 51,0 53, 5 50.0 54. 5 56.0 50.0 52.0 52.5 54.0 .54.0 49.0 f / I I', Ciiiifiiin Riedcll, IKtiiclHil tlii'l liiuiilctrl'.s. 47.0 •17.5 47.0 40.5 47.5 55.0 54.5 43.0 48.5 51). a 53.5 43.5 4fi. 5 53. :,l. 5 48.0 46.5 59.5 40.5 47.5 49.0 4!). 5 4a 4ii.5 51.0 51.0 4!».0 47.0 47.5 48.0 47.0 47.5 49.0 51.0 49.0 50.0 51.0 53. 5 50.0 54. 5 56.0 56.0 52.0 52.5 54.0 54.0 49.0 RECOWAISSANCE OF THE YUKON' KIVEK. ■ Ml ttoriihiiiiciit itlincrvulioua . III. 9 a. III. 12 III. 3 \>. III. ji. III. !l a. III. 12 III. 3 ]i. III. U ]i. III. ii. m. 12 III. 3 )). Ill, !l |i. III. !i a. III. 12 III. 3 )i. III. 9 ]i. III. 9 a. III. 12 111. 3 |i. III. 9 |i. III. 9 a. 111. 12 HI. 3 ]i. 111. 9 p. 111. 9 a. 111. 12 111. 3 i». 111. 9 p. III. 9 a. 111. 12 III. 3 II. III. 9 |i. 111. 9 a. 111. 12 111. 3 II. 111. 9 [). 111. 9 a. III. 12 111. 3 )i. 111. 9 [1. 111. 9 a. 111. 12 111. 3 )). III. 9 II. III. 9 a. 111. 12 111. 3 \). HI. 9 11. III. 9 a. 111. 12 111. 3 p. 111. 9 p. III. 9 a. III. 12 111. 3 ]i. III. 9 p. III. 9 a. 111. 13 111. 3 p. III. 9 ji. 111. 9 a. III. 12 III. 3 p. III. 9 p. III. 9 a. III. 12 ui. Ill Ii3 5 1 Ki. 4! (i . f< 03. 3 i;3 .> .If. (1 til. 3 .^.4. 9 ,'i(i. !> 1 ;>.). II li.'i. 3 t;4. .5 5 4 f< 3 •) II 3 9 ■I (I 3 51.3 Ii3. 1 59. 5 :>rt. 3 .".7. 3 5n. 1 .V.I. Ii .9.8 57. 5 54. 5 59. 7 ti2. 8 iIO. 4 .">.■'. 8 (ill. 9 til. 8 t (1. 8 til. 6 60. 8 61.4 .")9. 8 '>'X 8 6.>. 9 6.'). 7 65. 3 59. 5 68.2 61.8 6(1. 5 60. 67. 5 64. 1 (il. 5 02. 5 W). 8 64. :> (i9. p; Wina. ~.ii I 29. 962 ' .9.')0 .9.">4 ! .9.V2 29.932 ; .924 .93(1 1 .934 i 29.916 .846 .H42 . f.")6 29. 930 . 9(i4 . 92H .948 30.004 .062 . OrO . 146 30. 342 . 322 .310 . 392 30. 22(i , 228 ! 190 . 190 192 148 116 ().".0 I-, . .-62 .770 . 9ti8 29. 612 . (iOli .611 . 626 29. 6.i6 . 627 . 594 . 6lMi 29. 6(i2 . mr' . liti,- . 668 29. 760 . 760 .760 30. 29. 922 29. 840 .826 . («33 .831 29. nil 6 .804 .fill 29! mU .748 . 739 . 75.-< 29. K04 .861 . 822 .f28 29. 894 . 955 . 976 30. (l-m 30. 23(1 .21(1 . 2(14 . 194 30.115 . 1(1!) .077 . 0.-2 30. 078 . (132 . 002 29. 934 29. ^1)8 .717 . (i.'iO 29! '■{<> . 479 . 48.") .51(i 29. 503 .511 29, 61. 61. .) 1 61. 5 60. lit .1 63. .) (il. t* 61. 5 (i4. 63. (1 (i4 (il 8 61 .> .")(i 3 57 H 58 ;i ,V.l ,^i9 JU 5 29. 664 .ti8ri . 686 . (if(i 2il. 676 . 6(i4 . ()20 . .590 29. 5^2 . 582 . '>fi ..-.91 29. 6H2 .741 . 746 . 672 536 584 642 no 754 764 4.-1 49,". 532 . 547 . 55 1 551 29. 632 . (i3s . 626 w. s. \v. , w. i s. w. i s. w ! S. S, W. .s.\v. w. w. .s, w. s. w. . N. W. : X. w. 1 w. ' X. X. \v. N. X. w. X. X. \v. X. \v. X. X. \y. ' X. N. \V. X. w. ^v. w.x.w. X. w. ' X. v. S. S, K. K. S. E. S. ' S. S.E. s. E. S, E. S. E. S. E. S. S. K. S. Iv X. X. w. X. X. w. ! s. I-:. ]•;. s. ]•;. 1 K. X. E. ' JO. X. K. s. I X. 10. X. X. i:. CIoikI.s. X. X. \V. X. X. W, 's.'\v. s. w. s. w. 1 I Kind. Cum.; bnffliiij.; wind. Ciiiii ( '1 .11. iiitii (Mil. iiiiii l;:,-ii l.i lie rain 1 It If lain... 1 iiii Sliat SI lilt St I at Sti;it Cir t:ir Cir (Ml- Cir Cir Cir Cir Cir Cir (.'mil. strat. . .. Cum. .sliat Strat, cum ( 11:11. iiim I.il tic I'jiii . . . , Little rain Niiii. Mirat . . . , Bain Xim Xiiii Strat Sir,-it C ( X X (' (; c ( ( ( ( s ir. strat . .. ir. .strat . . . iiii im ir. ciiMi ir. iiiiii ir. cum . . . , 11111 ir. cum ir. strat . .. ir. strat ... tint 9 !t 111 10 .1. 29, 29, 29. 550 . ,575 .,572 . ,572 29. .5.57 , .546 .505 .476 29.461 ' .461 . .4iil . 4.-5 29. ,-.(i7 . (i28 .64() ..569 29.432 .47^ . 5 12 .CO!! 29.647 j .666 I X. X. W. X. X. \V. X. X. w. X. X. \v. s. \^'. s. \v. s. \v. s. w. s. w. , . . .^.^.^ w. s. \v. w. s. w. w.s, \v, s. w. s. s. X. w. X. X. w. X. X. (i 4 16 1 10 ! 10 1 9 I 10 9 7 9 9 9 i 1 9 ' 10 i 10 Kinc rain . . .Xim Nim Xim Cir Cir Xim. rain . Xim. rain . Si rat Strat IVtaclicd tiicriiioiiK'ters. Strat ; Cir. iiiiii i ( ir. iiim ... Nim ' Xim ! .57. 51.5 61.5 .54. 2 56. (1 50.5 51). 47.3 50. 6 4f. 3 51.3 40.4 54. 3 51.0 ■\f. 43. 8 .'■HI. ? 47.0 54. 3 50. .59. 51. 9 ,"i(l. 45. 3 .52. 9 46. X 61.0 .50. 9 65. ,■< 54. 8 48. !t 42. 8 .53, 7 47.4 (i4. 53. 6,5. .53. 3 .5(1. 9 45. 64.0 54. 5 65. 51.9 .52. 5 4(i.O .M, .1 49. 6 6(1. .50. 5 4- 7 54. 5 49. 5 51.5 4H, U 56. 2 50, 5 .5;i. 5 53.7 57. .52, 8 ."i(i. 3 51,5 61,3 M. 63, X 5(i, 2 (i3. 57. 61,5 55. 5 (i-J, .57. 5',). 55. Ci. II ."iH. 1 (i4, 5 5f . 5 (J9. (iO. 60. 54, A 62. 5:), 70,0 62, 62, 5i;, 2 60. •1.1. J 58. ; 53. 57. 5 1 52. 61.5 57. II 62. 54. 1) 55, 5 61.5 52. 51. 5 51.7 50. 5 53. 7 5:1, 47, 5 ;,i). 4,-<. 8 48.5 Strat. cum Xim Cir. cum Cir. cum Cir. cum Xim. rain Kain I'd;: ami rain Hard rain Heavy rain Kalu: .5.5.0 ! 49. 5 51.0 45. 5 61. B 51.0 61.2 49. 56.3 I 49. 5 57.3 46. 5 57.8 ; 48.3 58.5 ! 53. 2 56. 3 57. 59. 47. 45. 42. 46.5 42.9 ^0'2 reconnatss\x(m: of tuv. yt'kon rivf.r. MvU'oroUiijirnl t>hy. 111. !• 1>. 111. I'J 1' 11. til. I'J 111. ;t )i. III. !' \y III. i;j !• 11. 111. 1-,' 111. :i p. III. !> p. 111. 14 !t 11. 11. DctiichiMl tlii'riiiiiiiii'ti'i'.s. 15 16 17 18 l!l 24 12 111. H p. III. !t ]). til. !l 11. Ml. 12 111. H p. III. !• p. 111. f) 11. 111. 12 III. I! p. 111. !l p. 111. 9 11.111. 12 111. :< p. III. !• II. III. <)!1. 111. 12 111. :! p. III. n II. 111. !> II. 111. 12 III. H p. 111. !• ji. 111. !1 II. III. 12 111. H p. 111. (1 p. 111. n II. III. 12 111. ;< p. III. !( p. 111. On. 111. 12 ni. M p. 111. j). 111. !) ii.iii. 12 111. ;< p. 111. fl p. 111. !>:<. (i(i. - (!4. (I (id. .-. (id. (i2. 5 (il.O (i:t. (I (i:{. .1 (il.n (i.t. :) 1 12 T lid, ,'> .'■■'. "i (14.(1 (id. 7 (11.7 (i2. Ii (ili. (lU. 7 (14. .-) (14. •> (11.2 (Id. (I 1 (ii! 8 (14 ! (i4 (1 1 (1.-. ' (14 (1 1 02 tt (12 .'■) (id. 8 (i(>. (.4. r» (•4. 8 Hi. ■^ 2ft. nii8 . il42 . i)40 . !t(M) 21'. i)'i2 .iHMI . iliil . 7. "ill 2il. .".2d . (i2d . 7(ld 2!l. 872 .il24 . n:t(i .itl8 2!t. ^:m .'.Mil . !I42 ;m, hi; 1 3d. -j.'id . 2.")4 . 2(12 . 2Hd 30. Id.". . I4d . 11(1.'^ 2!). ,«!I8 20. 7i)(i . 7!1(i . 7il0 . K,H 20. 8(18 . 8(i(i .81(1 .812 20. 88(i . il 10 .010 . !I34 20, 20. fii3 . 8118 . .-li.'i .(1411 20. 403 . 43.-. . ."02 ,^i8l 7."id .804 .811 . 8(1,-, 2it. 72(1 .•iil.". . 8-,'d .!!.-. I 30.134 . 13(i .143 . 130 3(1.071 .(117 2lt. il."i3 29. (174 . (174 , (174 . 733 29. 74il .74!t . Oil!) . (Iil8 7."i8 78(i 7811 811 20, S, S. K. s. !•;. S. K. X. K S. K. S. s. w. s. s. s. S. K. S. K. S, S. \V. s. s, \v. s. w. S. W". s. w. s. \v. s. w. K. X. K. !•:. K. S. E, N. N. E N. K. X. X. X. s. \v. S. E. S. E. S. w. s. \\^ \v. s. w. w. s. \y. d ii III III Id II Id III Id III Id Id Id d Ii Id 111 Id Clllll. .sllilt Ciiiii. strut Clllll. strut Strut, iiiiii Ni'ii. ruin Xiiii Niiii Xiiii. ruin N'iiii. : li;;lit In;; , Iti ii-./ly ruin .Vim. tiini .N'iiii N i 1 1 1 . .\ini. stri t , Shut. Clllll Slriil. Clllll I'iiii' ruin Fine ruin Fine ruin I'iiic ruin (1 (l Id , 10 4 10 o Id 3 Id 3 Id ii Id Id 8 1 ■• i •> Xiiii Niiii. strut Strut Strut Xiiii. rain. Strut 10 10 Strut Mm Strut Strut Strut Cir. s Clllll. ; Ili trut cir . iiiiii. iiiiii. eir . 11. *'i« ( 'mil. civ Clllll. cir (.'inn. (.3. 7 73. 3 7(1. (12. 57. d ,>. (I 58. 57. 5.'i. 5 54. 3 5(1. :j 53. .53. 5 .".4. 3 55. 52. 8 .53. 55. 5(1. 3 .52. d 4! I. 54. 3 5.S 5 55. 54. 3 .57. 5 .".!!. d 57. 5 57. 5 .5,s. 5 (il.O 52. 51. (i 53. 8 54. 8 52. (> 5.5. () 58. 5(i. 5 52. 55. 5 (ili. 5 (18. 5-J. :<-4. (I 5-,'. 52. 5 ,5d. ,5(1. 51.0 40. 5 50, (I ."id. 5 5(1. 5 40. 3 40. 5 I. 3 52. 4r^. 5 45. 3 50. 53. 51.0 40. 3 51. 5 53. 53. 54. 54. 5 5(i. 47. 5 411.2 4|i. 51. 47.8 50. 52.5 52. 47.2 i t-'^m^^ D.lilcllril liicriiiiiiiii'ii rs. 1 ° ,"(i. )) ! 5(1. 2 ,"ll.(l ! 17.;) .VI. (» 55. II lili. fl i (M.5 IIMl 1 Ii4. 5 Xi. II j 51. 5 ."i.". II ! 5:l. 5 llli. ! i;o. 5 I 51.5 :.i. ;t 1 -18. il ti.". .". i i;:<. :; nil. 1 5.5. 7 ii:<. II 511. Cli. ."". (il.:) ."i"-'. .") 5.5. ():). -J 57. (1 li."i. 5.-< 5 T)*^. 5 55. !) ."].-^. II .5:). "fl (i.5. ll.'i. 5 5!l. 5 .'.1. II 5(1. III. II 5,-'. (I'J. II (il.O :.'. 1) (i5. 5 .",«. II :>■.'.. 5 ti-j. II 55. 1.1. .) [ (Hi. i! ■;ii. ,"i 1 (i7. 5 m. 7 5,5. 5 T.i. ;i (i(). 5 71). fiH. (\-i. n 55. 8 57. 5-2. .")f . 11 52. :>f. 5-J. 57. 5i 5 ,).>. ;> 50. 'ti. H 5(1. ■iii. :i 51. r.:t. 11 •1!». 5 nn. 5 5(J. r. 1. :t 5(1. 5 ').'). (1 5(1. 5 5-.>. H •i;». :) ."i:i. ■l!l. !1 r..-.. (1 5 1. a 'iCi. :t 5-.>. ."••J. 11 48.5 4!i. (1 45. 3 .'.I. :i 5(1. Tj.-^. ft 5;i. .^."i. 51.0 r.i. :t 4!l. ;i .■)7. 5 51.5 ,">!!. II 5:). ;>!. a 5:). .11. ;> 54. (1 .'•),-. ,") 54. 5 lil.d 5(). r.-j. II 47. 5 51. ti 411. 2 5;f. H 4|i. 54. 8 51. 5-,>. |i 47.8 55. (I 5(1. 5,-. (1 52. 5 51 i. 5 52. 5J. U 47.2 RECONNAIS.^WCK OF TIIi: YUKOX RlVVAl. Meteorological ohmrvalioiix at Hidmilil SI. .U/'(7(rt«7V— ('uiitinin il. 103 i \ (IllllltM. tllirillillllrli In, Kiml. ("mil. iiini Ciiiii NlMI Sii.ii Xiiii Slni(. iiim . . . . StiMl. cir, iiini. Slr.it. cir. iiini Sli-.it. iiiiii . .. . Stmt, iiiiii Stint Stmt Mm .Mill . - . . !••(,- Villi. .Villi. Niiii. St 111 t 54. 5h. 57. 5:t. 5:i. 5ti. 57. .5:i. 5:i. 5li. 5li. II " I II I ■:i II liiiii Clllll ; r:lil|.«l|llillls iiiiii Si ...I . iiiiii Vim Strut, i.iii Cir. stKit ( 'ii.... .Htrat itiii. til 'Mill. 1-ir. iiiiii. i r:iiii . . . , Clllll. I'i''. ; llull-siillMll.s. . Ciim. iiiiii ( 'iiiii. li' , Ciii.i. ''ir Cum. rir Cum. iiim. Niiii.: line Siiiti'li mi.st - .. Sciilcli mist - . . Cum. Iiim ('ir. sir.it. Iiim Cir. .s| rat Cir. rum linn I'liiji . hi. 5 5(i. 2 55. Cum. iiim Cum. cir . . Cir. cuiu .. 4!i. ;) 511. 2 52. 29. ()(i!l "K'ti" (iti.5 . 72.-* s. \V. . 7(1(1 \. E. 29. 5:t5 N. K. .501 X. K. .415 X. K. .4f-li X. K. 211. (l.-'5 X. .(J82 X. Cir. cum Cir. cum Cir. cum Clcur .Sivy Cir cum Cum. cir Cum. Iiim. ; rai Sirat. cir Strut, cir Strat SI rat '.. Strut, iiiiii Siriit. Iiim Str.it. uiiii .Strat. Iiim Cum. cir Cum. cir Cum. cir Cum I 'lull. Iiim Cum. iiiui Clllll. Iiim Cum. uim Clear .sky c'lc.ir .sky "um. cir (.'um. cir . . .. . Xim. cum Xiiu. cum. cir. 54. 5 55. (1 4.-. (1 41'. (I 5(1. 4r-. 51.0 52. 2 5;i. 54. 52. 5 51.5 5f<. 5 5(i. 5 51. 5 54. 55. 55. 5(1. (I 5(1. 51.0 5(1. :) 4H. 5 511. :) 00. :i 58. 52. 4il. 50.0 o 40. n 5:i 51.0 III. (I 10. 5 5l..-i .'i2. ■< ■ill. 5 lit. 51.0 511. 5 411. .'ill. 5 .5:1. 5 5:i. .-.2. 51.0 5:i. ."ill. 5 I.-. tr-.n 45, 2 411. 4i; 5 17. 5 4-,.0 4.".. .'il. 4-, 8 47.0 i:i. 511. r> .'ill. Hi. i:.o 411. 40. 5 I4.0 ■Hi. :) 4.">. 5 4^.0 4r-. 42. 4:i. 4.S. 4.-. 4ii. 47. .5 ).-. 411. 47. 1' 48.0 sa 50. 5 411. .5 411.11 111. 5 40. 5 45, 5 4.5. 45. 5 4i. V 4;!. o 45. 5 51). 5 .52. 48.3 43. 5 45. ■'?;.-.«*^«-«r 104 RECONNAISSANTCE OF THE YUKON RIVER. Mclcoroloykal obscrvntioun at Redoubt St. AfichacVH — ContimuMl. Date. ih;;». I I 15 IG 17 IB 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 llour. S3 S » a M ". i" ;t ]). 111. !l p. 111. <) a. 111. 12 111. 3 I), in. p. III. !t ii. lu. 12 III. 3 p. in. 9 J), ui. (• il. lu. 12 111. 3 p. in. 9 p. 111. it a. 111. 12 HI. 3 p. 111. 9 p. 111. 9 il. 111. 12 111. 3 p. m. 9 p. III. 9 a. III. 12 HI. 3 II. HI. 9 p. III. 9 a. 111. 12 HI. 3 \). III. 9 p. III. 9 a. III. 12 IH. 3 p. 111. 9 p. III. 9 a. 111. 12 111. 3 p. 111. 9 p. 111. 9 a. III. 12 III. 3 p. ni. 9 p. HI. 54. .-)3. 2 52. 51.7 ,52. 54. 8 55. 3 5ti. 2 :>f. (il. 2 59. 59. 5^0 29. 30! 29!' 30'. 834 H70 070 074 OHO 07() '9()2 9(Ui 906 9(i0 002 070 074 29. 739 1 .777 : 29. 9H) . 9.-'5 I . 900 i . 978 1 29. P(i3 .^05 .8()0 , Wl 29. 953 .9()1 .908 Vv'iiul. 57.0 .57.0 ! 5B. 5 'iO. 1 .59.0 5d0 57.0 59. 57. 5 58. 01.0 50.5 54. 8 5,5. 3 5li. 3 55. 5 .53, 3 .53. 7 ,55. fi. .57. 3 (!3. 3 02. 7 01. 5 02. 5 60. (10. 02. 29. 932 ] 991) 30. 004 .004 29. 9(i0 . 900 . 892 '. 88(i 29. 822 '!8l4 .808 .808 29. 800 . 884 .888 .914 29. 9()0 . 9(i4 . 900 .908 29. 900 .800 . 753 .034 29. ,52() . .524 . 520 29. 879 .887 .897 . 8!13 29.851 . 794 . 789 .777 29.717 .708 . 094 . 700 I 29.702 1 . 785 i .780 I .815 29. 800 . 809 I .893 ! . 803 i 29. 780 I .741 I . 038 x.w. s. S. S. E. s. w. s. H. S. S. E. s. s. \v. s. s. w. s. s. w. s. X. X. E. X. X. E. . 510 29.415 .413 .403 I E. X. E. E. ' 's.' E.' ' X. !•:. X. E. X. 10. X. E. X. 10. X. 10. X. E. X. E. X.E. X. X. X. S. E. s. s. s. S. E. s. X. X. X. w. X. E. X.E. X. X. E. Clouds. I Dftailifd tlmriiioiiirturs. Kind. 3 5 4 1 3 4c)r5: 3 1 3 3 2 3 3 4i)r5 9 9 9 10 10 10 9 7 4 8 4 1 HI. cum. . nil. I'liin.. im iiii iiii ill! ml. iiini. iiiH. iiiiii. . V. Clllll... ir. I'liiii. ., mil. iiiiii. Ir. cuHi... ir r 4 7 9 10 9 9 8 2 8 7 9 7 7 7 9 6 7 7 Cir. .stiat Stiat. iiiiii Xiiii. ; linlit iiiist. X'iiH. ; rain Stiat. iiini Stint Stiat. fir (Mr Uuiii. fir (.'iini. fir Clllll. cir Cum iiim uim 48.5 44.0 40.5 47.0 ; 47.7 1 40. 2 ! 48. 3 I 50.0 i 50. ! 48.0 ,50. j 52. 5 52.0 i fir. fir. Strat. St rat. Xiiii . Xitii . Strat. Strut. Cir. Htrat . Cir Cir ('iini. fir .. (Jiuii. cir. ; wind. Cum. nini, Clfar sliy . Clear sky. Cir, film.. li;;lit liatliiiifr ; rainsiiualls 48.0 52. 53.0 ,50. ,50. 5 53. 5 53.5 49.8 49.7 .52. 3 52. 50. 5 51. .54. 5 54.0 49.7 47.5 52. 5 51.3 48.0 i 51.0 1 ,52.0 I 52.0 : 48. I 50. . 54. I 51. 5 I 42.0 39.0 42.0 43.0 43.5 42.0 44.2 45. 45.0 43. 4.5. 47.0 40,0 42. 40. 47.0 44.0 4(i. 47. 5 40.5 4,5. 43. 3 47.5 40.5 40.0 45.7 48.7 48.0 45. 5 43.5 40.3 4.5.4 42. 5 40.0 40.5 47.0 43.0 4,5. 48.0 44.5 ^ r Mi'teorologkdl observation'^ at Iledoiibt St. MichaeVn — Concluded. % llmii'. Att. tlu'nn. •zfA Wind. ru,„„iq ! Dctaclifd Llouds. ^thfimniMftfrH. Date. 1013. 00. 55. 5 ,57. (• .55. 53. 5 5,5. 5 55. 5 53.5 1009. % I S 1 S 5 Kind. k 1809. Sept. 20 9 a. HI. 10.5a. HI. 1 1.5a.m. 12.5p III 1.5p.m. 2 p. HI. 3 p. Ml. 4 p. ni. ! : 29. 030 .50.5 ! .045 ,58.5 ' .0,53 55. 5 . 0.52 29.032' .(i44 . 030 . 030 , 038 . 051 .050 X. X'. E. X. X. E. X X. E. X. X. E. X. X. E. N. X. E. X. X. E. N. X. E. 4 3 3 3 3 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Strat. fir Shut, cir Strat. fir Strat. fir o 47.0 52. .52. 5 5:;. 53. 53. 53. 5 52. 5 n.o 4.5. 4,5. 45. 5 ,54. 2 50. 5 57. 54.5 . 050 . 0.50 . 0.59 . 063 Strat. fir Strat, fir Cir. .strat Cir. strat 45.5 4,5,5 4,5, 5 40,0 f T7,B- RECONNAISSANCE OF THE YUKON RIVER. 105 Dctachfd uM'iiioini'tors. o o 48.5 42.0 4J. 3!). 40. T) 42.0 47.0 4;i.o 47.7 4:). 5 Hi.-i 42.0 48.;! 44.2 511.0 45. 50. : 45.0 4H. 4'J. 50. 1 45. -yi. 5 47.0 5-2.0 46.0 4a 6 42. 5->. 411. 5H.0 47.0 50. 44.0 50. 5 4(i. 5:t. 5 47. 5 5:). 5 40. 5 49.8 45. 40.7 4X3 ',-i. ;» 47.5 5-J. 40.5 50. 5 40. 51. 45.7 54. 5 48.7 54. 48.0 40.7 45. 5 47.5 43. 5 52. 5 40.3 51.3 45.4 48.0 42. 5 51.0 40.0 52. 40.5 52. 47.0 4a 43.0 50. 45.0 54. 48.0 51. 5 44.5 Dct.lclRMl tlii'iniiiiiii^UTs. ^ j? a a ps o 47.0 n.o .52. 4.-.0 52. 5 4.5. 5:'. 4.5. 5 53. 45.5 53. 4.5. 5 53. 5 45. 5 52.5 40. ^ { f \ METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS EN ROUTE. Cistern baroniftcr Xo. 1000 ami tlnTiiioinotiT.s, liy .Tanics Grorn, X<>\v VoiU— Anrroid liaromi^tcr- (Jb.scrvufs, Mr, J. J, Miyor and l-iivatii iliiluul Foley, United .State.s Army. Station. Pikniiktalik . Coatlik Aphoon Ontlet. Yukon Kiver . . Kiplitliank of Yukon, near Andreavsky. Eiulit bank of Viilrnn, aliove .Viidrtav.sky. Yukon Itiver .'. Kiglit bank of Yukon Yukon Kiver Rijibt bank of Vukon 1800. July 4 July 5 July 5 July July 7 Yukon River July J,.ly July July Jnlv July !) Eitrlit bank of Yukon, near Mi,-.sion. Yukon lliver Kijilif bank (d' Yukon, above ili.ision. July 9 Ytikon Ri\ or Ki^ht bank of Yukon Left bank of Yukon, nea" Ainic. July July July July Jnlv U s H A, M. /(, m. 9 00 V. .M. 4 00 9 30 A. .M. 9 00 r. SI. 3 II 1 9 00 A. M. 9 00 12 M. 1'. M. 3 00 9 00 A. M. 30 30 7 (;o 7 (iO 7 .30 7 .30 8 00 8 00 P. .M. 2 30 9 00 A. M. 9 00 12 M. r. M. 3 00 00 8 00 S 15 H 30 9 00 A. .M. 9 00 12 M. r. M. 3 00 G 00 9 00 9 15 9 30 A. .M. 9 00 10 30 10 45 U (.0 11 15 12 M. V. M. 3 Oil 00 7 15 7 45 H 00 j 8 30 1 9 00 1 A. M. 9 00 12 M. ! An. An, An, An, An. An. An. An. All. An. 1009 An, 1009 An, 10119 An, 1009 An. An. An. An. An. An. An. Tl.erniome- ters. ■3 ! I 57,0 00.5 05, 08.0 08.0 K). 70. 5 00.0 04.5 I 00.0 ! 54. 5 55. 53.5 So. 5 53. 5 55. 5 54. 6 ' .50. IliOO 49.0 ' lOO'.l 49.0 lOilO 48. 5 ItiOO 48.0 An. i An. An. An. 1009 47, 1009 40. 1009 4.5. 5 1 An. 1009 57. ; 1009 57.0 , 1009 58. \ 1009 50. 5 An. An. 1 An. 10119 .59, ' 1009 10119 1009 An. An. An. I .>•>. 5 I 54,0 ,53,5 . I 02. .; 02.0 i .1 08.0 .| 02.0 .1 02.5 :■ .54.5 50. 5 .50. 49. 5 49. 02.5 58. 54. 5 48. 5 47.0 47.0 01.0 00. 00. 01.0 00. 5 74.0 05. 00. 5 03. ! 58. 5 ' .57.0 I .50.0 72.0 7.5. 72.0 .2 ll- ■3 29. 810 .790 .000 29. 800 . 7.55 .700 29. 825 .810 .800 .800 29. 729 .790 . 728 .790 . 732 . 800 . 732 .800 .820 .820 29. 800 .800 .790 .810 . 707 .770 .772 .774 29. 950 .925 .910 . 900 .841 .843 .843 30. 2.50 29. 933 . 930 , 930 . 933 30. 000 30. 000 .010 29. !)29 " '. illil .913 .912 30. 048 30. 048 .040 Wind. X. X W. X. s. w. s. ,-;. K. s. S.E. S. E. S. K. S.E. S.E. S.E. S.E. S. K. s. ^y. S.E. S.E. S.E. s. X. \r. X. w. X. \v. X. w. X. E. X. X. N. X. X. X. w. I3 1 3 Clouds. Kinil. 4 Cir. .ttrat. cum. mild. Cir. sirat. cum. I niilil. 6 Cir. niiu. 8 I Xim. ; rain. Cir. nini, emu, JiainiiiLr .sli;ilu,lv: nioi. Kainini.' ,ilii;litly; nim. cir. cum". Xim,; raiiiiu. Hli^'htly, 8 I Xim, 8 i Xim. 8 Xim, Xim, 8 ; ^■im. 3 5 4 4 ^ 3 1 8 8 8 8 3 4 3 7 a 7 . . . .: . ■ \ 'a! . I Xim. Xim. ; Kain'i Nim. (,'um. Cum. Cum. Cum. Cum. lC veiy liai'cl. cir. 'cir. lir, cir. .strat. eir, .strat. Xim. ; rain. •Vim, ; rain, Xim, ; ,si)rinlir| Nim, ; .sprinld'; (-'nm, eir. <'Mm. nirn. <'um, nim. 7. 5| Cum. nim. 7. 5 ('nm. nim. 7 j Cum. 7 Cum. nim. Cir. Cir. V\v. Cir. Cir. Cir. ^tiat. .si rat. .sIrat. .si rat. strat. .St rat. f'um. slinl. Cum. strat. 106 RECONNAISSANCE OF THE YUKON RIVEK. McUorologku} ohwrvatium^ en rod /c— Continued. I C< Stiifiini. Yukon lUvcr Aiivir . . 1 >;(:!(. July U Jnlv 12 July 12 July 13 (Tlicvuionii'li'rin;-.uii, {'J'hciindiiiclcvin mum, •.li'..).) (Tliii liuiiuctcviu suu, m°. 0.) : Rivlitli.inkdrYiikiui, July 11 iilio\c Auvif. I r. ^r. h. in. (10 A. .M. i» 00 1-J M. 1'. JI. ;i :u) -.JO i lOOO 30 All. yul.ou River . . . .lulv 11 July ]■) KiLditl kiil'Yukiiu ,hi!y Ifi Yukon liiviT 1 .Inly 17 Kiiilil liiinU 111' VukdU. * -1 uly IT Niitivc \'illii,^c. [ >'uliito ; July 18 ■Att. tlH'vm. ill Mill.) July l;i An. An. An. An. All. An. icon 1000 lOO'J An. lliOO An. KiOO An. ii;oo ItlO'.l An. 1(10!) ThcniMinu'- ; tt'lS. V> .M. 1'. -M. :i 00 !) 01) A. M. 00 1'. M. :< 00 (i 00 10 00 A. M. !t 00 1'. M. ti.OO ! An. (1 00 An. A. .M, An. An. An. An. An. All. An. An. All. !l 0.1 !•.> M. A. M. n 00 10 (10 11 00 1-J M. 1-J M. 1'. M. •J 00 ',' :io ;i 00 :! on n (10 (i 00 fi 00 7 (10 H (III 00 00 A. M. H 1,-1 H •1.') 'JO 10 00 11 :)0 -I (Ul. 30. 000 Wintl. Iv. W. i 2 h 30. OKI II ;io. (100 71.0 (il. . Ii7.) •JO. ooo X. N. W. X. w. s. w. (.'IdikI.s. Kind. 1 i SI rat. I (13. .7 30.03(1 S. S. \V. 3 (il.O CO. ,7 -J:). 037 I S. \V. 4 i 3 (ill. (1 CO. ri . o.'io ; S. S. \V. 3 i 4 00. CI. . 05-,> i S. 8. W. i 3 I 4 (M. 05:? CIO 30.030 S. S. W. 3 ! 3 C.7. .") -Jil. '.KiO S. S. \V. -J 3 (i,7. .7 30. 07.7 1 S. S. W. , 4 I 3 ■J!». IIC7 ! . . CI. f) 30. 0..0 i S. AV. (il. .7 -JO. 013 I (il..7 (II.. 7 .0(i7 I S. W, .7.;, 30.07.7 i .70. 5 -JO. it(i7 j (.'uni. ('iiiii. .strat. X. E Stial. Cum. cir. Ciiiu. .strat. Cuiii. strat. ('mil .strut. (juiii. .strat. Cuiii sirat. (!uiii. strat. rir. a a 1 Cir. strat. (!-,'. .7 I 30. If^O I . ,74. .7 ,7-J. (il.O I 71.0 , (17. :i An. An. An. ICOi) ICOO ICO! I An. icon 1(100 An. ico:) icoo icon An. ICOO IliOO An. ICO!) 1(109 An. icon ICO!) IliO!) . > (17. i (14. . I 07. 5 .! (17.0 . i (17. (I I . ' (11.0 i CO. .7 (If. C3. C.7. CO. (i'J. .... ' G3. (12.0 i (14.0 (l-J. I (14.0 (i-J. ' 0,7.0 (10. i (13. (iO. 5 I (13.0 i (13. 5 (10. 5 \ 5!). ' 01.5 .70. 5 I'J .M. I Au. (id. 5 58. 5 5(i. 55. 5 (10. ,70. 58. 73, 5 74.0 •■r.'o' 71.0 OH. 5 '■7'Vo 70. 71.0 70.0 .0:11 . OCO . lIMi . 175 . 1.70 . 1-JO 30. 175 . -JOO .'JIO .'217 30. 'JdO .250 . tioo . 1110 30. OfO . 110 30. 0(10 •JO. i).-li . 0H5 . 074 30. OHO •J!). 0.74 . 035 30.0.70 •JO. 033 .013 .010 30.010 •JO. 007 . 007 30.010 'JO. HUH 2!). il53 30. 0(10 2!). 027 . 00!) . fM 30. 010 S.K. 3. . H. S. S. S. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. .; i! I 3 1 ^ I 4 ! ) 4 3 I 2 j o i} j ~ ' 3 o 1 Cir. rttrat. Strat. S. S. E. S. S. K. s !•;. S.E. S. E, S. E. S. E. S.E. S. E. S. E. S. s. s. s. s. s. 8 \ N'ini. cir. strat. 8 j Niiii. cir. strat. 1 Xiiii. cir. strat. b ! Niui. cir. .strat. 8 i Niin. strat. 7.5 Xiiii. htrat. 8 >."ini. ; rain. 8 ' Niiii. ' N 1111. cum. 4 I N'iiu. sirat. 8 Xini. 8 NiiH. 8 ' Niin. b Niiii. 8 Xiin. '8 Niiii. Cum. iiini. 7 \ (Juin. iiiiu. 7 ' Ciiiii. iiiiii. 7 ' Ciiiii. iiini. Cum. iiiin. 7 i Cum. nini. 7 ' (/iini. niiii. strat. 7 ' Cum. iiiiii. sirat. 8 i (Jiiiii. iiiin. Klnit. 5 i Cum. cir. strut, (.'ir. cum. Cir. cum. 4 ("ir. ciiui. 4 Cir. ciiiii. 4 Cir. cum. 4 Cir, cum. 11. Ml strat. N.I; III. rir. 111. .si rat. 111. strat. Ill .strat. III. .strat. Ill strat. 111 strat. cir. HI. cir. strat. III. I'ir. strat. 111. cir. stmt. 111. cir. .strat. 111. 111. cinii. 111. SI rat. 111. III. iP. 111. K 111. 111. nil. iiiiu. nil. IIIIU. nil. iiiiii. nil. mm. nil IlilU. nil null. nil aim. strat nil iiiiii. si rat nil iiiiii. strat mil. cir. strat. EECONXAISSAXCE OF THE YrKOX KIVER. Mctcoroloyical ohwrni lions en roiiU—Citutlmui]. 107 Station. Tlicrtnoiiio- ! 3 tcr.s. £ Yukon KiviT Snlcailcidiitiii. P. >r. 1- m. July li» ;t (II) < !). ,-',-iii 4.0 .s-s> •rilly -21 July -J-J -Tilly 22 July 2:i .\n. .\ii. I An. I. An. |. IlilMI lliUl) ICIi!) Illfll) IIHI!) l(M);i ii;ii;i llilMI ' ii;ii!i Hill!) I ii;i)!i ! mil!) ' iiiiiii ; iiidii ^'(lklln Uivcr •Idly -,'1 July 2.-1 [ r. M. :) (111 C III) .\. M. II lid 1'. M. H (Id I fi (Id fi III) f (Id !) 01) .V. M. S III) II :id 11 III) I', y.. 2 I'd 3 (Id ■1 00 .'■) (Id (i 0(1 7 d I H 00 !l 00 V. M. :t III) A. .M. II III) 12 M. A. .M. II III) Yiik.iii iMvcr I .July 2(1 i (id , .. , ' •' iio I.cit bank ci Viikmi .lnh- 2(1 d do Vukoii Jiivcr in|y -j-. i-j m. r. M. .) (Id .\ii. I fi (Id An. A. >i. Julv 2s l» dil An. V. .M. , I 4 00 I All. A. M. i July 211 II 00 An. ! (i « ; An. I A. M. I July :ifl (Id ! An. r. M. : 1 Od I An. i 3 (10 i All. I A. .M. I July ,T1 I !l 00 .\n. I 1'. M. I 12 ;iO An. 7(i. 5 0!). ."14. .'ilJ. 47. 4-i. i;o. 5f. 58. . ,-00 2t». 740 lia ' 21). 710 ,1(>. Xi. .-)0. Kifjlit liiuikdf Viikdii. .Julv 2(1 .\ii. All. All. All. All. An. i An. .\ii. (I 4'l. I) d ."il.d (I 111. II llli. i all. d i till. I) d j (10.0 i 5!). : ' .'.7.0 I II XI I) ,11. : (15. 5 (12. 71.0 i . 700 ■ . (1110 I . 5!l!l I . 55,'J I . 5(jO 20. 1120 ! . (lV>s . . I '22 : .1120 , . 5110 ! . .-.::) I ..■|74 ' . .-,11(1 ' .~M ' ..".04 , . ."i:! I 2d. 7dd 2!>. 7-0 !S. S. W. s. \v: S. K. s. !•:. S. E. s. w. s. \v. .s. w. s. w. s. w. s. w. s. \v. s. \v. s. w. s. w. s. w. I li I! 4 ' (.'(ini. iiiiii. Nini.ciiiii, strat. N'iiii. ciiiii. slrat. Cum. cir. strat. ' C'liiii. cir. strat. ('mil. cir. sirat. ( 11111. iiiiii. .strat. Cir. cum. ( 'mil. iiiiii.; siir'k lin-. Cum. cir. strut. Cmii. cir. strat. HI) , Cum, cii. niiii. 7 : 8 :i ' 8 a ' 8 ijs 2 I 4 1 4 I ' 4 I 1 4 i I 1 I 1 4 I 1 1 1 1 5 1 . ;t ; Xiiii.; r.iiii. I Xiiii. Xiin. -Vim.; rain. Cum. Cir. cum. Cir. 111,11. Cir. c nu. ( 'ir. emu. Cir. CIIIII. ( 'it. cum. Cir. ciiiii. Cir. cum. Cir. cum. Cir. ciiiii. S. S, \V. i 1 ' 4 Cir. cum. :i I 7.5 (1 Cir. cum, strat. Cii'. cum. hiral. (111.5 2:MI!M) AV. .-^.W, 2 ' H Cir. cum. strat. I ill.O (It. .55, .5 (1(1, . Ii,",ll . !I25 20. 11.511 ;!d. 020 W. S.W, \V..s.\V. s. \v.' ;i :t a 4 .5 11 ! 4 Cir. cum. sIrat. Cir. cum. sir.il. Cir. cum. strat. Cir. strat. (10, . Olio s. w. a 4 Cir. iiiiii.: Hjiriiik (1,-. 211. |i-d s. 1 a liiiM. Civ. ciiiii. (14, lid. 11(10 2 Ciilii. (18. . OHO s. w. I * , Cinii. strat. (14, 5 2!>. ,-25 S. -NV. 1 (! Nim. (15. 5 , (150 8 Nini. ()4. n 20, 4lli \. K. o 2 Cir. strat. (18 7a. .410 . aiio N.K. ! X.IC. 1 o Cir. .stiat. Ciiiii. 71.0 20. 35 1 1 1 8 ( iiiii. iiini. 7.5. . H50 , G Cir, strat. 108 RECONNAIS.SANCE OF THE YUKON RIVER. ? i Meteorological ohserrations eii route — Continued. i I Tbonnoine- tci'.i. i s . Wind Cloutla. Station. i J •:3 d M» o ■♦J o i; g 1 1 a s Kind. =s o V 3 » H =H 1. .') ,51.. J 52.0 52. 29.413 .419 >r.E. N.E. 1 1 G 7 Niin. rir. stmt. Niiii. cir. strat. 11 00 ll'iOO fi'.i. 5 54. .400 N. E. 1 8 Xiin. 12 -M. ItiOO 53. 5 54. 5 .470 K. E. 1 8 Nim.; rain. 1'. M. 2 00 1f>09 SZ 54. .478 X. E. 1 8 Nim.; rain. :» 00 ii;o9 51. .52. 5 .4rt2 N. E. 1 8 Niiii.; rain. 4 00 ii;o9 50.5 52.0 . 45*2 N.E. 1 8 Xiiii.; raiu. Niilato Sopt. 8 2 :io 2 4.-1 1009 KiOO 51. 5 .52. 5 29. 7!)5 .7^4 S. S. 3 3 50.5 53.0 ' Cir. cum. -- n ilETEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AT FORT YUKON. Ci.stt'in barniiK trr Xd. 1009, and tliiTnioiiiffiT, hv .Tamos firorii, Xt'W Y(iil< — Ob.siTvcis, irr. J. J. Major and I'rivatf ^liiliai'l Fulcy, United Stati'.s Ainiy. ' I •r-3 TIIKUMOMETEKS. i ' s ^ Wind. Clduds. ruder cov- i Open s5 Date. Time. er. air. t-r r'3 — 2 s s = ■5^^ r « s Kind. •*j tl i' ."^ ' 3 BcP. .t ^ a < •< e a 1 s I— ( ,^ ^ 1869. /) . )i>. o Auj;. 3 9 00 a. 111. 62. 65. .... 29.011 28.910 8 Xini. ; rain. 3 (10 ]). III. 110 |i. III. (i.5. 68. 5 28.971 . 963 . 862 1 8 7 Xiiii. 64.0 68-0 . 8.57 i S. E. -Villi. ; rain at interval.^ Aug. 4 10 (Ida. ni. 00. 63,0 .... 21). 0-Jt' 28. 9-J4 X. W. 2 8 Niiii. 2 00 I), m. 60.0 ' 63-0 . . . . . 024 .9-J8 X. W. 2 8 Xliii. 7 00 )i. m. 00.0 6:i. , . . . 28. 996 . 900 X. W. 3 8 Xiiii. Aug. 5 10 00 a. 111. (>>>. 63, 29. 004 28. 908 .\. \Y. 2 8 Xiiii. 12 00 111. 3 00 II. 111. .5',!. Ii3. 64- 67-0 .064 .077 .971 W. .974 1 W. 1 1 6 4 Cum. nini. 4 00 j). 111. 72. (i- 5 ....' .089 .9(i2 ! W. 1 4 Ciiiii. 6 00 p. ni. 62.0 i 67-0 ....| .074 .973 : 3 Cum. stiat. Aug. 6 9 0(»a. ni. .59.0 : 62-0 .... ....1 29.1.55 29. 062 ...... 7.5 (!iim. stiat. 11 00 a. 111. 3 3ll p. 111. 00. ' 64-0 64.0 69-5 .106 .181 .070 9 5 5 Ciiiu. stiat. Aug. 7 4.5 a. III. .57. 5 , 60. 5 1 .... 29. 332 29. 259 N. ,\^. 2 7 Cum. iiiiii. strat. 7 00 a. 111. 57. 5 ' ()(). 5 1 . 333 .243 X \V. o 7 Ciiiii. iiiii:. .stiat. 7 30 a. 111. .59.0 (i2-0 .340 .246 |X. W. o 7 Cum. iiiiii. strat. 8 00 a. ni. .59, 5 6-J. 5 .341 . 245 W. 5 Cum. sli a(. 8 30 a. III. .59.0 62-0 . ,3.53 . 259 W. 5 Cauxi. Hirat. 9 00 a. 111. .59. (i-i. .... . 3.53 . 2.5!l \V. 5 Cum. strat. 12 00 III. 00.0 63-0 1.... . 3-26 . 229 ]•:. f Cir. emu. 2 ) ]). 111. . .... .... . 312 .203 S. W. C!ir. euiii. 3 (Ml p III. 64.0 67-5 . 300 . 192 ; 4 Cir. eiiiii. 4 00 p. III. 5 (1(1 )i. III. (i 00 ]i. 111. 7 00 p. III. 9 00 a. III. 65. 67- 6,8. 67. 6(i. 67' 61. 67' .58.(1 61-0 .274 .216 .206 .254 29. 339 .164 1 .008 ; 1 4 4 4 4 :i (vir. eiiiu. ( 'ir. euiii. . 1.53 .146 29. 247 '"s." Cir. euiii. Ang. 8 I.i'ilit (leeev elcuids. Aug. 9 10 00... 111. 01. 6.5-0 ' 29. ,501 29. 401 1 S. \V. 1 5 Cir. strat. 11 0(1 a. 111. 02. 66-0 i.... . ,501 . 399 S. W- 1 4 ('ir. sliat. 3 00 p. HI. 67. 5 73-0 .... . 495 . 378 i X. IC. 1 4 Cir. sir.Mt. 4 00 p. III. 72. 5 73-0 .494 . 3(i4 1 X. E. 1 3 Cir. si rat. 8 00 p. 111. 1 66.0 71-0 .488 .375 1 2 Cir. str.it. Aug. 10 8 00 a. III. ! 58.0 (i2 29. 510 29. 418 N. 1 1 Cir. strat.: light and fleenv. 9 30 a. 111. , 60.5 04- . 514 .416 N. 2 1 Cir. strat.; liglitaiid fleecy. Aug. 11 11 00 a. Ill 60.0 64-0 .... 29. .5,50 29. 453 X. 2 5 Cir stiat. Aug. 12 11 no a. 111. ('0. 64' 20. ,575 29.478 1 1 Cum. 12 00 m. 3 00 p. III. 01.0 6.5-0 64.0 70-0 .5(i4 . ,563 . 464 W. . 4.55 AV. 1 1 3 Cum. 6 00 II. m. 1 65.0 ; 73-0 .... .SUU 1 .420 1 w. 1 3 Cum. / MMMM iiiimi RECONNAISSANCE OF THE YUKON RIVER. 109 Meteorological obserrafwm at Fort r;//.***/— C'oiitiimcd. nil. cir. Htrat. iiii. cir. stmt. ini. iiii.; raiD. 'SJr. J. J. Major rlit iiiid floeny. ;litaiul tluecy. i tl TllEUMOMKTKU. 1 ff r « "W'intl. Clouils. Uudcr cov- ; open or. i air. Date. Tinio. t- ^ ■.-r z C !!=-■ •^ © *j Kiiiil. 1 1 * o IS-i c B < 1809. h. 111. ^ |o Aug. 13 it 0(1 a. HI. 00. 03.0 .... 20. 550 29. 459 W. 1 3 ( 'llIU. 11 00 a. ui. (il.O 0.")..') i.... 552 . 4.52 1 (^iiiii. V2 00 111. (i2. 07.0 .... ,551 . 44it "s." 1 i 1 ('mil. 1 00 1). III. ti4.0 00.0 .... 540 . 43H s. 1 i 1 ('iiiii. 2 00 IP. III. Vi'i. 71.0 .... .530 . 42(i s. 1 I'liiii. 3 (0 11. III. on. 72.0 .... .530 . 420 s. { 'mil. 4 00 ].. III. (i7. 74.(1 '.... .530 .421 I ( 'mil. 4 l."> ji. III. fi7. 7.'.. 532 .417 s. 1 'UMl. T) 00 11. Ml. 07. 74.0 .... .524 .409 H. ( 'mil. C 00 p. III. 07.0 74.0 .... .52(i .411 S. ('mil. 7 00 1), III. 00. 72.0 .... ,530 . 423 S. 1 1 (-'mil. H 00 p. 111. 0,"). 70.0 .... ,520 . 410 s. 1 i 1 ('mil. n ;!()]). 111. 03. 07.0 , ,520 .421 H. 1 1 Cum. Aug. 14 It 30 a. III. 10 00 a. III. 1 1 00 a. m. 01.0 02. 02. 0.").-) .... (i,"). ,") ■■ 29 ,540 544 531 29. 440 . 4 12 . 432 05.0 i-2 00 in. 04. 08.0 ' .. .534 . 420 1 (10 p. III. 0"). 71.0 ;.... 534 . 424 's.'\v. 1 rum. •J 00 p. III. 07.0 73.5 .... ■542 . 427 S. W.; 1 1 Cum. 3 (10 p. in. 07.0 73.5 .... 540 . 425 4 00 J). 111. 07. ■> 7.5.0 |.... ,538 .421 5 00 p. III. Oit.O 75.0 1.... .530 .415 (i 0(1 p. 111. (iao 75.0 '.... 534 .410 1 7 00 ]). III. 0(1. 72.0 1.... 52li .413 s 00 p. III. 0."). 70.0 1... ,530 . 420 00 p. 111. or). 70. ' . . . . 510 . 40(i s,'^\^ 1 1 CiiMi, ; liuht anil tin cy- Aug. Ij i> 30 a. 111. 02.5 Gti.O '.... 29 (i03 29. 499 \y. i 1 1 Cii'. sivai. 10 30 a. 111. 04. 07. ! . . . . 004 . 550 AV. 1 1 ("ir, ,>*liiit. 11 00 a. HI. 04. 07. 70. 5l't.'7 002 . 554 V,'. j 1 Cir. .sliat. li! 4.") p. 111. on. 71.0 ,7!l. 03.0 004 . 554 ^v. \ 1 Cir. si rat. y (10 p. 111. 0(). 73.0 84.0 02.5 005 . 492 V,-. 1 1 Cir. strat. 3 (10 |). 111. 08. 7.5.0 '82.5 04.0 58(; . 408 w. ! 1 Cir. .St lilt. 4 00 p. 111. OH. 7.5. 82. 02. 5 5H4 . 400 \Y. ' 1 Cir. .stiat. i> 00 p. 111. 0.-. 7.5.0 HI. 5 02. 5 .570 . 4.58 w. ; 1 1 Cir, , si rat. (i 0(1 p. III. (W. 7.5.0 81.5 03.5 ,57(i . 4.5« ^\'. 11 Cir, strut. 7 00 p. III. 07.0 72. 5 ,72. (1 ,50. ,570 .401 W. 11 Cir, sliat. 8 0(t p. 111. 07.0 71.0 ,0(i. 5 57. 3 57(i .401 A\'. ill Cir. si rat. Aug. 10 1) 00 a. III. 01.0 04.4 .50.8 5.5.0 2!) 004 29. 504 ■\V. ] 1 5 Cum. 10 00 a. 111. (i3. 0(). 4 07. 8 ,50. 2 (i04 . .5.59 S.K.I 1 3 Ciii'i. cir. strat. 11 00 a. 111. Ii4. (t (iO. 4 71. 101.4 000 . 498 S, E. 1 1 o Cir. strat. 12 00 III fl.-i. 70.0 7I.O(i2.0 551 .444 j:. 1 o Cir. sliat. 1 00 p. 111. Oli. 71.0 78. (ill. 7 54(i . 433 K. 1 (,'ir. sliat. 2 00 p. 111. (iO. 4 71.0 HO. 7(i2. 5 ,570 . 402 K. 1 '* (Jir. strat. 3 (10 |). UI. 07. T) 73. ;H3. 5 04. 50(i . 449 K. 1 ' it Cir. strat. 4 00 p. III. 00. 7,5.0 H5. (iOO. 2 ■5,50 . 435 IC. •') Cir. strat. 5 0(1 |i. III. 00.4 70.0 H1.5(i4. 5 ,5,51 i . 434 K. >> Cir, siral. (> 0(1 p. 111. 00. 70. 70. 5'02. 4 540 . 425 K. ~i I,ii;ln llrii'.v climd.s. 7 00 p. 111. 07. 3 72.0 0.5. -J 01. 7 ,554 . 438 S. K. *> 5 ('iiiii, (;ir. strat. f 00 p. 111. (M. 00. (t i;i,4 54. ', ,550 . 448 s. i:. I 5 (!iiiii. i) 00 p. 11'. 04. (iO, 00. ' 5,). 4 510 . 425 K. \ ■5 t'utii. Aug. 17 10 00 a. III. 01. n 04.0 71.H03. y'J 5,50 29. 45(i K. 1 Cir. strat. 11 00 a. lu. 03. 07.0 71.8 00.4 554 . 449 K. 1 Cir. strat. 12 00 III. 0.\ 0!t. 71.0 02.2 ,552 . 442 E. 1 Cir. strat. 1 00 11. III. (i7. 73. 7h. 02. 5 ,54li .431 K. 1 1 Cir. si rat. 2 00 p. 111. 07. 73, 82. 05, 4 544 . 429 K. o Cum, cir. strat. 3 00 p. 111. 08. 75,0 81.5 03.2 5:14 .410 E. 2 Ciuii. cir. strat. 4 00 p. III. 73. 70. ,84. 7 05. 530 . 409 E. 3 ('mil. cir. strat. r. 00 p. III. H7.0 7(i. ,88.0 00.2 544 . 370 E. o Cir. strat. n 00 p. III. 84.0 77,0 82.3 0.5.5 ■530 . 370 E. a Cir, strat. 7 00 p. III. 73. 77.0 71.5()3. 4 510 . 3H5 S.W. 1 Cir. strat. 8 00 p. III. ti(i. 71.0 (il. 501.0 440 . 333 S,\V. 1 o Cir. sliat. 10 00 p. 111. 0."). (I 00. .5(i. ,53. 4 440 . 330 S.W. 1 Cir, stiat. Aag.18. !t 00 a. III. 01.0 ()5. 02. 5 54. 4 29 550 29. 4.50 E. y Cir, sliat. 10 30 a. III. 03. 07.0 73. 0(;0. 5 ,500 .4(>1 E. I 1 (,'ir. siral. 1 1 00 a. III. 04. 07.0 ;71.2 02. ■574 . 4(i0 E. 1 Cir. strat. 12 Oit m. 0,-). 70.0 70.5 01.2 .570 . 400 E. 1 o Cir. sirat. 1 00 p. in. 00. U 72.0 ;78.0(i3. Oi 574 .401 E. ^ Cir. sIrat, 2 00 p. III. 08. (I 74.0 .^j.nca o| 570 . 4,58 E. a Liglit lU'ccy clouds. 3 00 p. III. 70. 75.0 '82. 0(i2. 5' 504 .441 E. 3 ('mil. 4 00 p. III. or.. 4 00.0 85,0 04.7 ■504 . 453 E. 3 Cum. 5 00 p. 111. 70. 70.0 :87. 0(i,5. 554 .431 E. ■1 Cum. C 00 p. ui. 6;».o 74. ,75. 4 02.5 004 .443 S.W''. 1 4 Cum. r no RECONNAISSANCE OF THE YUKON RIVER. Mckorologkal ohnnrrdHoiiH at Fort Yukon — Cmitimicil Date. 1809. AuL'. IS Auii. 1!) Aug. 20 An.'. 21 All''. 22 Aug. 23 Au''. 21 ! m. 00 p. ni ( p. ni 00 p. Ml (Ml a. Ill 00 a. Ill ;U) a. Ill (0 a. ni 00 III. 00 p. la 00 p. Ill 00 p. Ill 00 II. Ill 00 |). Ill 00 |). Ill 00 p. Ill 00 p. Ill 00 a. in 00 n. Ill 00 II. Ml 00 a. Ill 00 III. 00 p. in 00 p. Ill OU p. Ml 00 p. Ml 00 p. Ill OU p. Ill 00 p. Ill 00 p. Ill 00 a. Ill 00 a. ni 00 a. Ml 00 III. 00 p. Ml. 00 p. III. 00 p. in :tii p. Ill 00 p. Ill 00 ]i. Ill 00 p. Ill 00 p. Ill :i(i a. Ill 00 a. in 00 ni. 00 p. in 00 p. Ml 00 p. Ill (0 p. Ill I p. Ill Ol'r p. Ml 00 p. Ill 00 p. Ml. 00 a. iM 00 iV. Ill 00 U. Ill 'iO a. Ill 00 a. Ill 00 !ll. 00 p. Ill 00 p. Ill I )i. Ill 1.0 )). Ill 1 |i. Ill 1:0 )l. Ill 00 a. in 00 a. Ill, 00 a. Ill 00 111. to 1). Ill 00 ]). Ill ;io p. Ill 00 p. Ill 00 p. ni tiiki(.mo.mi:ti:iis. J Winil. Cloudn. Under Cdv- tr. i Opiii ! iiir. a 5 3 -^ ^ ! o Kind. o o (iHi. 7:t. 70.0 01.0 211. .710 2!>. 121^ s.w. 1 4 f'nni. 07.0 VJ. 0,7. .7 .711. 7 . r.io .l.U ^•. 1 4 CllMl. i-ir. strat. 0(1.0 *.I.O 01.7.711.0 . .711 .4:11 X. 1 4 Clllii. fir. sliat. .V.I, (Ivi. (1 77. .7M. (1 211.111 29. ;t20 i;. 1 y CllMI. cir. si rat. 01.0 (il.O (11. 7.7. . :i Id .210 X. 1 4 ('mil. cir. strut. : (il.O 07.0 71.;!(iO. . :!2i .210 K. 1 5 Ciiui. cir. strat. 01.0 li.-. 71.. 7 .7,-'. .7 .:ni . 20(i K. 1 5 ( 'mil. cir. strat. 0.7.0 (if. 70. 02. 7 . :)id . 2:)0 P.W. 1 5 Cniii. •id. (ill. 72 2 00. .7 . :tll .2:11 s. 1 5 ('Kill. cir, strat. ti7. 70.0 71.7.71*.! . :i2d . 22:t s. 1 7 (,'iiiti. cir. strat. (iCr, (i'.l. II (ill. (10.!. . :i2d .211 s.w. 1 7 (Iniii. cir. srrat. 07. 'id. 07. 7 .7H. ,7 . :!2i . 209 s.w. 1 7 ('mil. ti7. (ill. 0.7. 0.7.7. 7 . :i2d .211 s.w. 7 t'liiii. li.7. ().-. 0:l. 71. . ;i2 1 .211 s.w. a 7 Clr. .s trat,: little ruin. (il.O 07.0 7S. .71. -J . :i.77 . 217 s.w. 1 7 (,'ir. strat.; lildc ruin. (lit. (i."). .77. 7 7:i. . :t7;i .21f s.w. 2 7 Cir. strat.; lillli' rain. .711.0 (il.O 71. (1 111. 7 211.117 29. :!2l s.w. 4 Ciiiii. cir, strat. 00. (i-J. 70. 2 71. ;t .111 .■Ml s.w. 2 4 l^iiiii. cir. strat. 01.0 (i:i. •77. (1 :>•>. . 127 . ;i27 s.w. 2 4 Ciiiii. cir. slrat. 0.7.(1 (i:i. ,7-'. 7 71. -J .110 . ;t(i(i s.w. •> 5 (JllMl. cir. strat. (id. .7 (id. 01:. .72. :i . 127 .:tii s.w. ■2 5 (yiiiii. cir. strat. 07. (id. Oil. 72. . 127 .lilO s.w. 3 7 Ciiiii. cir. strat. (i-i. (i.7. 02. ' ,7:t. 7 . 12:1 .:t2i s.w. 3 7 Cmii. cir. strat. (i,-. (i7. 01.0,7-J. 1) . 127 . :t(i7 s.w. 3 7 (;iiiii. cir. strat. (l.i. (ill. (I on. 7;i. 7 . 127 . :i20 s.w. 3 7 ('mil. cir, strat. (il.O (i7. 711.7 71.7 .1:10 . :!-.if s. w. 3 7 '"lUII. cir. strut. (ill. (ili, O.t. 7 .7;t. 7 . 127 . :i(ii s.w. .> 1 ('mil. cir. strat. ; li-i (i.7. 77. 1 70. v; . 117 . :!17 s.w. 4) 7 ('mil. cir, strat. i 0-J, II (i.7. 71. lit. -J .■17f . :i7ii s.w. ' 1 ("mil. cir, strut. 7-^.0 (il.O ,70. 7 .72. 21). 177 29. :if :i s.w. 3 7 ("mil. cir. strat. (iO. (I tii 7h. 7 72. 7 .170 . ;i7!) s.w. 2 7 (hiiii. cir. .strat. (il.O ii:i. .7.-. 71.7 . 1.70 . 1(70 s.w. 3 7 ('mil. cir. strat. (il.O (ill. 711. 7 7;i. 7 . 1117 . :i!i7 s.w. 1 7 (-'iiiii. cir. str.'it. (ii.o (i:i. 01. 7 71.7 . 110 . mo s. w. 1 ('mil. cir. strat. (ivi. (i7. 0|.1.7;).0 .1H7 . lif 7 s.w. 7 ('mil. cir. sirat. (in. (i7. 07. .7-. .IHI .:ifi s. w. 1 7 ClIHI. cir. sunt. (i(i. 07.0 (il. 7 71. 7 . l:t7 . ;i22 s.w. 2 ('mil. cir. strat. T^. or. (i2. 7 77. 1 . HIT . nof s.w. 5 Ciiiii. cir. strat. 01. : 07. ,711. 7 .72. (i . If 7 .in- s.w. 4 ('mil. fir. strat. .117 .;{if K. I ("lllU. fir. strat. 01.0 1 0,7 O.". 1 7.7. 1 . 1.7:1 . ;i.7:t X. 1 i> Ciiiii. fir. strat. 02. 0(1. 07. 7,7. . h'.io . 291 \. 1 3 Ciiiu. fir. stiat. (i:i. 1 07. Of. 2 71. n . :no .271 K. 1 4 ('11111. fir. strat. (il.O (i.7. 01. 7,7. . :i.7o . 2.70 K. 1 4 (."mil. fir. strat. 02. 0,7. 01. ;) 7.7. 1 .:tio .'Ml K. 1 (i Cnin. cir. strut. 02. 1 05. ;t)3. 4:05. y .:ii5 . 2i;t K. 1 e Cum. cir. strut. ( Ihitv 180!). Au-.ao A ii;;. id Aixs. 37 RECONNAISSAXCK OF TIIK YUKON KIVKR. Ill lfetfOi'oUi;ii<'iil ohxirrdliiHix atf AiiL'iist 10. l-iiO. Aiimist -Jil, l^'l'). .\uUU.st ±i. |-ll!l. Aii,LCii.-. 4 4(». ',1 All-list -31. l-TiO. .\imiist -J."'. im;m. .\ii'.;iist -M. i-liO. Alijjil.st -JT, IftJit. 30. 2 ;i4.9 40. 44.4 4^(1 40. :j 44. ,-) 4;t. - I f l .w »»' 112 Xo. j Date, 1869. 1 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 IC 17 18 19 20 21 22 Aiijiust :i Au^iiist :i August .1 Auuiist ."> Aii;;ii.st . III. 2Hi;42. 3 2-2111.2 381.1 70.0 1-J 111. 2,-.V.»7. 4 '■>.f (37. 9 259. 5 f.3. .t p. 111. 2''.>7. 7 2-329. 8 257. 9 6(1. 5 9 11. III. 2, 1869. iloui-. A log h Alo-JI. A 1,4 t t' t rt' a «' a+a' 1 AlI'ZII^ 2.-23(1. 2 288. 57. 5 55.0 112.5 .644 . 7.50 1.394 22 AiifTiist 24 12 111. 28.524. 2 28238. 9 28.5. 3 58. 5 68.4 126. 9 . 5.59 . 433 0. 992 23 Au-ust 2.5 3 p. III. 1 28634. 3 28131.8 502. 5 54. 8 60.7 115.5 .761 .738 1.499 28633. 8 28289. 8 344.0 57.7 65. 3 123. 0.700 0.587 1.287 I Feat. Me.aifb.v w(i-;lit of tlio valufsof A log-'' , from Sct.s A mid 15 350.4 ±4.9 J'or ti'iniii'iaturo -f 20.7 For liitit lull' — 00. 6 For (li'ciciis- of triavity on ,1 vcrticiil iictiiij; on tlic iiicrciirial coliiiiin -f- 00. 12 For (li'ciciisc of -riivity on a vortical acting on tlic ncuwity of tlic air 00.0 For iitiiiosplicric liuniidity -f 1. 4 Hoiglit of Fort YnUnn nbovo Kcdnnht St. Miclmcl's 372. ± 4. 9 Estiiuatoil height of Uoduiibt St. Michael'B above the lovol of tho sea 40.0 Approximate lioight of Fort Yiikou above the level of the sea 412.