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Maps, platbs, oh^ ■'>, etc., may be filmed at different reduct. - 'atios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper le.'t hand corner, laft to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est filmd d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de naut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 t riii < iiTlli t^'^iilIlK / ^--TfiiiiMiiifffiiigiiiafi,. THE WATER SUPPLY IXD THE HYDRAULIC COMPANY QUESTION". / ♦ 'ifc PRINTED BY JOHJf LOVELL, ST. NICHOLAS STREET 1868. / CONTENTS. 11 12 14 l(i 17 18 31 Pagi 1. Introduction by way of answer to certain Attacks r 2. Letter of T. F. Miller to Editor of Tke Gazette 2nd March, 18G8 7 3. Leader article from Daily News « „ 4 Letter by Puncheon to Editor of Ddily News 4th '< <( 5. LetterofHydraulicCo.,toChairmanofWatcr Committee, 17th " " 6. Leader article from Daily News, with reference to do. " " i- 7. Letter by Montreal to Editor of Daili/ News 19th " " 8. Letter in answer to " Doubts and Fears'' of MoNiaK al. 21st" " 9. Petition to His Excellency the Governor General 17th" " 10. Appendix I -£,vW Memorandum by C. Legge, Esq., accompanying Plan transmitted to General Government, 14th Oct., 18G7 33 11. Appendix II-Addendum by Mr. Legge, being further explanations inanswer to Board of Works (Mr. Page'.) Letter about levels of water, &c., 4th Nov., 1867 12. LetterbyArgustoDaj/.yA'eit.s, of 2Gth March, 18G8 ' -o 13. Introductory and Comparative Remarks on Statistics of Lowell Manul factures. 14. Appendix Ill-Statistics of Lowell Manufactures for 18G7-Shewing Factories-Capital-Character of Business-Independent Enterprises -General Statistics-Banks of Lowell, their capital, Ac., arranged and tabulated for ease of reference, January, 1868. ANSWER TO ATTACKS. THE WATER AND HYDRAULIC COMPANY QUESTION. The unprovoked, impudent and savage attacks of a certain print, long notorious for its disloyalty and bitter anti-national feeling- its annexation proclivities — anti-confederation prejudices — hostility to the most vital interests of the very people among whom it has grown fat and wanton — and an anxious, but mean devotion to its own presumed pecuniary interests, which it is well-known to prefer to all other things, induces publication of the following papers, merely to shew those who may choose to read them — that, — The Hydraulic Company are no monopolists — and that they ask no privileges or powers not freely and even thankfully conceded to all Railway and other public Companies, at any time required, without which, it would, in fact, be utterly impossible to build any road, canal, bridge, common turn-pike, or even dam unnavigahle waters for the most necessary and highly useful purposes — things in which the public have a most essential interest and far more advantage, often, than the very men who spend their time and substance in the furthering and doing of such — too often ill-prized and thankless offices and works. But, why should such a circumstance be minded — since, like the class of shameless women he is so very fond of instituting compar- isons with, he, in spite of all the commandments in the Decalogue, is always ready to bestow his favors when and where the price is such as to satisfy (no easy matter, truly) his cupidity, for the nonce. But, courtesans and prints, it is well known, are not only equally shameless, but equally notorious for their utter want of principle, disregard of truth, and base love of filthy lucre. The pigments they use and false lights which it is their habit to carry are ever and anon displayed upon occasions expressly for the purpose of leading the unwary into error. Common Christian charity or truth from such a (luartcr, none but fools would ever think of expecting. The wanton vilificr brin^^s discredit only on himself. When levelled at men in whoso conduct or character neither flaw nor blemish can bo found, his malignancy and his strictures aro alike impotent to do them harm — more especially when tho meanness of his motives and baseness of his acts are, as hero unciuestionably they are, so very plain and immistakcablo. But — Having tlonc with that. The objects of the Company, in a very general way, arc two-fold, viz : Ist. Supplying this great and growing city permanently with pure and wholesome water in unlimited abundance, and in such a way as henceforth to make impurity or failure next thing to inipo".?- siblo. 2nd. Creating, while doing so, a vast amount of invaluable water- power for general use, in the hope of legitimately stimulating the national industry and largely increasing tho national wealth and well-being through the manifold employments certain to result from the due execution of the main design — which, with tho general pros- perity sure to accompany such a condition of things, could not fail to re-act and operate the most successful check that can bo given to the outward emigration of our people so much and justly com- plained of, while supi>lying the most powerful incentive and attrac- tion to that inward emigration which is so universally desiderated and desired and greatly improving the navigation of our noble river at a most difficult and dangerous place. Whether such considerations arc deserving of acceptance and favor, or merit only insult and abuse, the public will judge ; although it may not be able to do so with a full appreciation of all the beneficial consequences certain to follow in tho wake of such an event, until some later stage is reached, when the actual reality will no doubt silence all miserable objectors, and, at same time, impart better light and higher confidence to other incredulous and unbelieving mortals, — if any such there be. To the Editor of The Gazette. levmg Sir, — For a great and populous city on a mighty stream, witli water ever flowing past— enough for all the ordinary uses of a conti- nent and to spare — to bo so dreadfully afflicted and endangered, periodically, through an absolute scarcity and dearth of water, U anything but creditable to its inhabitants. But so it is ; and tho annoyance, distress and danger consequent thereon, is too real, wide-spread and frctjucnt to admit of (juostion or excuse. Re- proach, however, is useless. The past is past. With the future alone our business lies. iVnd the question is : — Is this great trouble pre- yentible ? In an age so full of en,;ineering wonders, it would bo strange if science could not deal successfully with such a case. Tho remedy may be difficult and costly ; but it is not by any means im- possible. Indeed, the word hnpomilAa is an obsolete term in engi- neering dictionaries, now-a-days. The practicability admitted, then what is the remedy? Atone time it may not have been quite so absurd, but it is altogether too late now to think of bringing water from Cotcau-du-Lac, or Terrebonne, or any other distant source however elevated. Even if our insular position did not forbid this, the difficulties attending such a course are much too great — tho expense altogether too frightful. Neither, surrounded as we are ))y a great river, is it necessary or advisable to think of looking beyond our own island for supplies. So situate, our efforts must be circum- scribed accordingly. Even thus limited, however, our sources hap- pily are ample — our means, if only used aright, adequate enough- Now, the grand, if not the only causes of all our water difficulties, are threefold ; viz : fmzU—\o\y water— and a variable head ; and any plan, it is clear, that docs not meet and obviate these, together and permanently, cannot justly be regarded as sufficient in itself or entitled to acceptance ; for, any one of the three causes above men- tioned unmet, the trouble is sure to continue and recur with each revolving year, and be periodical and enduring as the seasons themselves. Well, then, the steam engines recommended by Mr. Lesage, being intended as a stand-by merely, to be used only when the water is low and wheel-power deficient, can do but little good. Very ex- pensive in themselves — their utility could scarcely compensate their 8 cost. Doubtless, as auxiliary to the wheels, they might bo of some use occasionally ; but, as any remedy for the main trouble, they would be totally worthless, and may therefore be dismissed at once. A.nd, asto extending or carrying up the supply-canal or Aqueduct in the manner proposed by Mr. Atwater, or Mr. Keefer, although this may, if they are right as to levels, give a somewhat better head, or more water and greater forcing power, nevertheless, the actual head would still vary as before with the state of the river and condition of the weather, while the old difficulty with the frazil would remain untouched, and might even be materially increased thereby. The longer and more winding or less straight the supply-canal becomes, the greater, clearly, will be the danger and likelihood of trouble with this frazil. Nor, in so very rigorous a climate, can it well be otherwise, in any canal that debouches into an open rapid, where frazil forms fast or comes floating and crowding down con- tinually with the current, which is always sure enough to carry it in. The suction being constant, this action goes on unintermittingly, or, at least, is always in danger of doing so with favoring weather, when the frazil keeps accumulating till the canal becomes full, the water-course gets choked, and the indraft ceases— all which is only in strict accordan'^e with the painful experience of every mill-owner throughout the country exposed in any way to similar conditions. Now, if this view be correct, something more comprehensive and reliable is needed than either of the two plans last above referred to can be expected to eflfect. Even assuming their utility or suffi- ciency for a time, still, at the present rate of progress of this city, it is certain enough — that, in less than another decade, we should, nevertheless, again be exposed to a repetition of all the dangers and difficulties we are suffering from to day. But — a remedy is what is wanted ; and, relieving temporarily only, or merely shifting for- ward the difficulty, is not a remedy — at least not such an one as can meet the requirements of the case, or calm and satisfy the pub- lic mind on so very interesting and grave a subject. Now, to be permanently sufficient or effectual, the means employed must cover the end designed— in short, must fairly meet the whole difficulty by fully obviating the several phenomena before referred to as the grand cause of all this water trouble. But how, it will be asked, is light bo of in trouble, israissed at Aqueduct though this sr head, or ctual head I condition aid remain ?bj. The I becomes, of trouble m it Trell )en rapid, down con- ) carry it mittingly, ; weather, s full, the h. is only iill-o\rner litions. isive and referred or suffi- )his city, should, dangers is what tmg for- one as ihe pub- f, to be t cover ulty by as the ked, ia 9 this to be accomplished ? — Run a dam across that branch of the river which flows betwixt Isle-au-Heron and the Montreal shore — extend the rising-mains from the present wheel-house up to — and, place the lifting wheels at the dam. — That seems the only feasible, if not the only possible way of securing, at all times, a full and perma- nent supply of water with absolute success. By such means a wride expanse of deep, still, pure water — a sort of minor lake or pond as the supplying source, would bo formed — and an unvarying head be secured, over which ice of course would form rapidly as far as the still water extended upwards, where all the frazil coming from beyond (none could form in this pond) would, with the current which brings it down, in consequence of the resistance here presented, be deflected and swept off" into the rapids and main channel of the river south of Heron Island. The banks and land on both sides being high, and an off-let al- ready provided by nature, damming here, presents no serious diffi- culty, and no danger need be apprehended. Beyond, for ever in- suring to a great and growing city like Montreal, an unfailing sup- ply of pure and wholesome water, inexhaustible and permanent as the St. Lawrence itself, the plan hero suggested would not only materially improve the navigation of our noble river at a most diffi- cult and dangerous place, but likewise create a vast amount of water-power or mechanical force, the various uses and value of which can neither be enumerated nor computed now. Not another city anywhere existing at the present day occupies, or indeed can occupy so very favourable and commanding a position for speedily becoming a great manufacturing and commercial centre ; and, if it be not now availed of and turned to valuable account now when so many pre-eminently useful and excellent purposes may thereby be promoted, the whole fault and blame will lie with the citizens of Montreal, and those who have her destinies in charge. Suppose the opportunity lost— How will posterity regard our present want of fore- thought and inaction, or disregard of duty ? No doubt the cost will be considerable, but then the benefits will also be immense, wide- spread, enduring. Not a foot of land upon this Island, nor within a wide circumference of it, but would be well worth double, maybe treble its present value within a period of 10 to 15 years provided his great improvem3nt were only once successfully accomplished, 10 and our external relations brought into due accord with our domes- tic interests. Only admit its practicability, and the vast and last- ing importance of such a project at once becomes too manifest to stand in need of argument. If anybody still doubts the feasibility of this plan, let the whole matter be referred to competent engineers before anything definite is done. Let them examine and report. If they can suggest an easier or better way of dealing with these difficulties, good and well, let it be adopted and carried out. But, in any case, let there be no further postponement or delays. Mr. Keefcr and Mr. Legge, in conjunction with, say Mr. Francis, of Lowell, ^lassachu- setts, an Engineer of high repute and lai'ge experience in such matters, with a perfect knowledge of the water-woiks and system in use and operation at Lowell and also at Philadcl]»hia — positions not very dissimilar to our own in not a few respects — would con- stitute an excellent board. Thus, well-accredited local knowledge and skill conjoined to and co-operating with the most emiucnt foreign experience and sagacity, Avould be bi ought to bear upon the whole subject.- And any Board so constituted, I should think, may safely be trusted and left to discover and devise the very best means of meeting and vanquishing this annually recurring, mucli dreaded, and most distressing water difficulty — relieving at same time the Public mind from all further anxiety, uncertainty, and fears about the future. The whole expense need not be groat, and it could hardly hap- pen but that thu information and goo I advice so obtained would, in any case, be well worth the cost, ami nobody would begrudge it. The course here recommended is solely with the view of pre- venting mistakes and waste while insuring economy, despatch and success. Your very obedient servant, TIIO. F. xMILLER. Montreal, 2nd March, 18u8. 11 From the Daily News. Mr. Thomas F. Miller publishes a very sensible and well-written letter, in a contemporary journal, on the water supply question. lie could not have hit upon a topic more personally interesting to every dweller in this city. The painfully ludicrous scenes daily witnessed of maids rushing frantically after coy water-carriers, and the airs of importance those who own a sled and an old puncheon assume, must tell the stranger that we are suffering a famine from the lack of one of the necessaries of life. Our municipality has spent some $3,000,000 since the days when Mr. Atwater cham- pioned the cause of a copious supply of water. Much of the money is buried under ground in the shape of iron tubes ; some on the reservoir — some on the aqueduct. It would be a waste of energy to fight over the battle of expenditure, though millions may have been foolishly, or it may have been wisely, disbursed. What wo want is a satisfactory result ; and, if we have to spend as much more before we can succeed, we must pay without wincing. There is not an insurance agent or a large proprietor of city property who docs not shudder when the fire alarm sounds. Entire streets, including the costliest edifices, and stored with valuable goods, may any day be delivered over to the flames if the firemen cannot com- mand a head of water. Mr. Miller points out the facility with which an abundant supply can be secured by throAving a dam irom the north shore of the St. Lawrence to Heron Island. His theory is perfectly sound, whether that enterprise be considered as an aiil to manufacturing industry or as an agent in securing Montreal an unfaihng supply of pure and wholesome water. The objections made in the House of Assembly to the passage of the bill to incor- porate the St. Louis Hydraulic Company Avoro, amongst other things, founded on the fact that such a bill would be a virtual trans- fer of half the St. Lawrence to a private company consisting of five individuals, with a paid-up capital of §5,000, who could make Mon- treal tributary to them for water. Now that the bill is hung up, we beg to call the attention of our new-made Mayor to its provisions. A practical man of business of his intelligence need hardly bo warned against the danger of allowing this city to become subser- vient to any company. We cannot tolerate a monopoly of water. 12 To the Editor of the Daily News. Sir, — Being unfortunately a taxpayer residing in the city of ^lontreal, and heartlessly compelled to pay water-ratea before re- ceiving any equivalent, and even when tb<^ Superintendent of the Water Works does turn on the water it is in such thimblefuU that there is scarcely enough to wash up the dishes and plates after dinner, I feel deeply interested in the management of said works, for I am somewhat of a thinking turn of mind, and cannot be per- suaded that it is conducive to health to go unwashed, or that the drains of my house should not, during the winter months, have water passing through them. These are points on which I think one and all of my fellow -tax- ])ayers are agreed, and for which, as the present supply is totally inadequate, I am glad to see that you, amongst others of the daily journalists, are drawing public attention to the subject, and each, according to the light he possesses, advocating this or that scheme. The most sensible letter on this subject I have read is that of Mr. Miller, adverted to in the News of to-day, and, as far as my judg- ment goes, I am convinced that the method mentioned in that letter for supplying the city with water will not fail, and that the idea of a water-monopoly being thereby formed (as seems to be your opiiion) will not be the case, and that, on mature consideration of the method proposed, you will abandon that view. The Gazette in this morning's issue states emphatically that Mr. Keefer's plan will give over three feet more additional head of water. The inference from this statement is, that as soon as that additional head of water is obtained, property holders may go to rest quietly in the winter nights with full confidence of there being plenty of water to prevent their goods and chattels being destroyed by fire : and, what is equally a cheering thought (for no man with any con- science can lay his head easily on his pillow, even if it be made out of the best eider-down, if the cook is growling for water and the baby squallmg for a di'ink) there will be no lack of aqua pura to supply domestic uses, and no one will have his temper ruffled by paying his water rates beforehand. These, indeed, are cheering thoughts, but can they be realized under Mr. Keefer's auspices is the next question ? There is an old saying — " a burnt child dreads the fire." 13 1 the city of ,tea before re- endent of the imblefuU that [ plates after )f said works, jannot be per- l, or that the months, have my fellow-ta.x- ipply is totally •s of the daily ject, and each, • that scheme. I is that of Mr. ir as my judg- i in that letter lat the idea of to be your )n3ideration of cally that Mr. head of water. hat additional ;o rest quietly ling plenty of •oyed by fire ; with any con- t be made out ater and the qua pura to |er ruffled by are cheering I's auspices is child dreads 2%e Gazette asks the public whether they can doubt that gentle- man's ability to do all he says. As one of the public, I do doubt very gravely whether that gentleman can be relied upon in such matters. If my memory fails me not, the gentleman whom Tlie Gazette coolly asks the public to put confidence in, was the very man whose brain conceived, mind matured, and hands executed the present failure ! which is so apparent that even some of the late City Fathers, now defunct, (peace to their ashes) could perceive it ; and absolutely made a commencement to enlarge the reservoir, so as to remedy, in their opinion, the oversight of this eminent En- gineer. Not only has the plan of supplying the city with water all the year round failed, but the cost of bringing into existence tlm failure ! exceeded enormously the estimate of that " eminent" gentleman. Humanum est errare, is a saying applicable to all, great and small, rich and poor ; but from what I have said I would not wish for one moment to shake the faith of the Editor of The Gazette in the " hydraulic capacity" of his friend Mr. Keefer. But I do believe that the people will be fearfully disappointed in the result — were they to depend upon a full supply of water from Mr. Keefer's arrangements — if carried out. The Editor of The Gazette states that Mr. Keefer, from his local knowledge and experience gained during the construction of the present Water Works, is better able to give an authentic opinion on the question than any other man. I am one who take nothing for proven without my reasons, to a certain extent, can argue it out ; and, to form a conclusion I must know the premises on which the subject rests. I admit that Mr. Keefer's plan for supplying the city with water all the year round has failed. I know it — I feel it. I mean to say that the lack of water to wash with makes me feel the want of it,[and so my reason assents to the scheme of Mr. Keefer as being a failure. I am asked by the Editor of The Gazette to admit that the local knowledge and experience gained by Mr. Keefer, in depriving me of water, has taught him how to supply me ivith it. Now, this second point I will never admit, for I have no data to go upon. I have never heard it even gently whispered that'.ic has expressed contrition for depriving me of water during the m inter months, or that he ad- mits his scheme to be a failure. His act of contrition to me I 14 ^vill waive ; but, until he admits his scheme of the present Water Works a failure, I will never believe that he can permanently sup- ply the public with water all the year round. In conclusion, let the public pin its faith to no one man ; but let it adopt Mr. Miller's views, and call in the scientific aid of other cni^iucers, with whom I would associate Mr. Walter Shanly. Let tlioni submit their views, plans and estimates to a body of Commis- sioners, and let them have authority to adopt the scheme most suited to the general welfare. 1 am. Sir, yours truly, rUNCIIEON, St. Catherine street, Montreal, March -4, 1868. To the Editor of the Dailij News. St. Louis Hydkaulic Company's Office, 131 Great St. James Street, Montreal, March 17th, 18G8. J. W. McGauvran, Esq., Chairman of Water Committee, Sir,— As Chairman of the Committee into whose hands the Council have demitted the whole (piestion and matter of the Water Supply — we, as representing the parties interested in the project of damming the northern and unnavigable branch of the river at Isle Heron, now beg leave to address you. Whether regarded as a means, and perhaps the only unquestion- able means of obviating all past difficulties, and quickly, reliably, and permanently supplying this rapidly growing city with pure and Avholesomc water in unlimited abundance ; or, of creating a vast amount of water-power, the varied uses and value of which can neither be imagined nor measured now — in both of which respects the essential interests and destiny of this great and populous city are most vitally concerned — not a more necessary, nor a more im- portant project, at least in our opinion, can agitate or occupy the public mind. Indeed, rightly considered in all its beneficial conse- quences, we can conceive of nothing at all comparable with it in 15 •csent Water anently sup- lan ; but let aid of other ?hanly. Let y of Commis- schcrac most ^CIIEON, :'s Office, Street, h 17th, 1868. littce, ise hands the of the Water n the project If the river at y uiKiucstion- ;kly, reliably, (ith pure and seating a vast of which can l^'hich respects populous city lor a more im- )r occupy the leficial conse- ible with it in respect of the universal comfort and security it would afford, or the immediate great utility and permanent advantages thereby Bocured, not only in a local but a national point of view — all which sequences are much too obvious to stand in need of argument. Now, as with olyccts so valuable and a project of such magni- tude and concernment before us — things so important in them- selves and full of conscciuonces so beneficial — it would certainly be quite a pity if any misapprehensions existed as to tlie motives and purposes of those on either side, and where especially, as here we think, the legitimate objects of botli m;iy very well be made to harmonize into some general plan, and a great economy and public good result therefrom, it is extremely desirable, in any case, that a clear idea and distinct appreciation of the views and purposes of each should be obtained at the first, and a good understanding preserved throughout. The full benefit of this will be more clearly seen as the works go on. Exclusive private benefit being — what- ever may be said about it — no part of our design, we cannot see why a perfect accordancy of action may not exist, with benefit to all interests and all concerned. Animated by these and similar considerations, and believing that the grand object of your Committee may, in some one way or an- other, most quickly, economically, safely, and best be accomplished in and through the successful execution of our main design, and cannot so satisfiietoriiy be done in any other way, we invite co- operation, and respectfully bog leave to suggest that you will have the goodness to bring about an early interview betwixt them and those we represent for consultation on the subject, and to see whether our respective views may not be brought into a full accord, and one general purpose eliminated, plan designed, and line of operations agreed on, whereby the public weal and interests may, first of all, be provided for and secured, and all the other separate and, if you will, subsidiary, but still vastly important objects, be at same time facilit.itod, not only without any disadvantage upon cither hand, but with far more economy, expedition, certainty and satisfaction in fact, than otherwise could be the case. We believe they could with signal advantage to all concerned, and that beUef is our chief reason for addressing you on this occasion. Strongly impressed with these considerations, the gravity of the 16 whole position and responsibility of the occasion — whatever may be thought of the views we here have indicated, or the suggestion w(? submit — we do hope it will be received and regarded in the same frank and well-intentioned spirit in which it is offered and recom- mended. And we remain, Your very obedient servants, (Signed,) R. JAMES| REEKIE, DUNCAN McDonald, JAMES HODGES, p. p. Tho. F. Miller, A. B. FOSTER, JAMES K. SPRINGLE. From Daily Aetvs. In another column will be found a most important letter from Messrs. Reekie, McDonald, Miller, and some others, to the Chair- man of the Water Committee. The suggestion of an interview of the kind and for the purposes stated is eminently judicious, and augurs well, at least, for something effectual being speedily done in the way of preventing a repetition of past difficulties ; and securin g, for the future, a most bountiful and unfailing supply of that first and highest necessity of life and being — pure and wholesome water. Satisfied that good may come of it, we hope that the Committee will at once accede to so well-timed a suggestion. If they do not, they will certainly fail in their duty to the citizens, whom, in this matter, they must be held to represent. It seems probable that through concert and co-operation with the Hydraulic Company, the grand object of the Committee may be accomplished most effectu- ally, and an immense saving gained for the city without prejudice or disadvantage to the main design of the Company — than which nothing can be more laudable in itself, or more promotive of the essential and permanent interests of the citizens. The high character of the gentlemen concerned is a good guarantee that the confidence of the public will not be misplaced — that, with them, personal objects are merely secondary — and that, whatever they undertake will be performed, not only with promptitude and fidelity, but, in a ■ itever may be suggestion ve 1 in the same ed and recom- :kie, ONALD, ES, F. Miller, IINGLE. ,nt letter from 3, to the Chair- an interview of judicious, and peedilydone in ; and securing, )ly of that first lolesome water. :hc Committee If they do not, whom, in this probable that Company, the most effectu- lout prejudice ' — than which imotive of the high character the confidence ;hem, personal [hey undertake elity, but, in a 17 ■way certain to be not less creditable to the community than to themselves. It is a great work truly ; but they are wilUng; and, we believe, can readily command any amount of moans that may be necessary — millions if required — and they are much too exper- ienced and prudent men ever to think of risking their reputation and fortunes where any doubt can possibly exist about the value, advantages, or u' 'imate success of this, or indeed any other un- dertaking they designed to embark in, or resolved to carry through. To the Editor of the Daily Neivs. Sir, — I have seen a good deal lately in the newspapers about Mr. Miller's plan for remedying the defects of our water system. To every Montrealer this ought to be an interesting subject. Ex- aggerate as one may, he can hardly over-state the importance of the matter. I am persuaded that Mr. Miller's plan, upon the whole, is comprehensive and complete. A good many worthy people think with me that it would be a most capital thing for Montreal if this plan could be fully carried out. But we have our doubts about the matter, and those I wish to state, in the hope that you, Sir, or some other person, will have the goodness to enlighten us on the subject. We are anxious to acquire a thorough understanding of the bearings of so very im- portant a design, well knowing that — if practicable in itself, and nowise dangerous in its consequences — what a benefit and a bless- ing it would be to ourselves (we who are obliged to work for our daily bread, I mean) and our posterity to the latest generations. Indeed, it is a grand idea, the full consequences of which, upon the future destiny of our city and its inhabitants, rightly considered, it seems to me impossible to over-estimate. But, since I must not be taking up your time and space about what must be evident enough to everybody, — The main thing is- the doubts and fears alluded to above. And they are : 1st. Would it be safe ? Would not this damming, as in another rather curious case occurred to some extent, cause such an over- flow as to deluge the surrounding country and drown and destroy us all ? B 18 2nd. Supposing no such overflow could occur, would there not," nevertheless, be a hack-flow from below, sufficient to seriously di- minish if not endanger the vast water-power or mechanical force itself, which Mr. Miller evidently contemplates as part and consc- (juencc of his main design for supplying our city for ever with an abundance of pure and wholesome water ? If not, clearly then there is neither any limit to the uses of such a power, nor would it be an easy matter to compute its value. Except through reason of the doubts and fears above expressed, and entertained, I believe, by not a few, I do not see that any actual uncertainty as to the entire sufficiency and value of such a work should exist, or how any honest objection can be taken to the car- rying out of Mr. Miller's scheme. The flooding and the back-flow seem to me to be the only points on which more light is needed. All the other schemes have c something/ wanting; while this alone, within itself, appears to be complete— that is — assuming the doubts before stated to be satis- factorily resolvable. Your obedient servant, MONTREAL. Montreal, March 19, 1868. 2h the Editor of the Daily News, — (^Not before published.') ANSWER TO DOUBTS AND FEARS OF "MONTREAL.* Montreal, 21st March, 1868. Sir, — The object of the present communication is, if possible, to resolve the doubts and fears of your correspondent Montreal as to the consequences of the Dam proposed to be constructed at Islc-aux- lleron for tlie purpose of securing to this city a most plentiful sup- ply of pure ard wholesome water. Considering the numerous ex- tremely valuable purposes that may at same time be subserved thereby, — it cannot be said that the object in question is not one of the very highest and most enduring concernment to our fair and favoured city. The little paragraph in your leader column of yesterday was, I mid there not,* 10 seriously di- chanical force art and consc- ever with an le uses of such its value, ove expressed, that any actual )f such a work ken to the car- the only points jhemes have c , appears to be ted to be satis- nt, lONTREAL. published.) )NTREAL. ' larch, 1868. , if possible, to Montreal as to ed at Isle-aux- plentiful sup- numerous ex- be subserved on is not one of to our fair and ?stcrday was, I 19 presume, intended to draw forth an answer from some body, at least, that is my interpretation of it. Diffident by nature, I cannot well help doubting my own competency for the self-imposed and rather serious task of attempting to satisfy Montreal. Still, although I may not succeed in pleasing either you or your readers ; and am (juite sure I never shall be able to satisfy myself, or, worst of all, the proprietors of property in that locality, on such a sulyect, — I shall try. Indeed, from what I hear and am bound to believe, the parties last alluded to are trying to frighten the public entirely out of its wits through the industrious circulation of unfounded reports and the most absurd statements as to the tremendous consofjuences and awful destruction of life and property that must follow the construc- tion of a dam in the locality mentioned for any purpose whatever. But it is all affectation — their fears, if they have any, being purely imaginary ; or, rather, only assumed for the purpose of creating a public outcry and alarm ; and then adroitly turning that to their own account in the way of claiming enormous compensation, not for any injury done themselves, but an actual benefit to their property, as a consequence of the dam in question — if it is ever built. Now, the idea of asking damages for a good done one in despite of himself is quite original and a novelty. And the further idea of a little knot of people setting up themselves and their own little interests in opposition to, and trying by all means in their power, no matter how questionable, either to defeat a great and necessary work de- signed solely for public uses and the pubHc good ; or, if unsuccess- ful in that, unpatriotically trying to enrich themselves at the public expense through the most unconscionable claims for far-fetched and fancied rights and fancy damages, is very preposterous and absurd to say the least of it. And, will it not be altogether too bad — if man's rapacity, like his inhumanity, shall here again bo allowed to make work scarce and the " countless thousands mourn?" But, — It cannot be allowed. Now, the doubts and fears of Montreal and the parties he refers to, evidently enough, owe their origin to the influence of some such- like exaggerations. Indeed, there is no other way of accounting for them in the case of so very acute a man as Montreal appears to bo. It must have been under the influence of such statements 20 that he sat down to peruse the document which, he says, ho studied 80 attentively. Biassed in no small measure he must have been in some way, otherwise he hardly could have failed to find, in that same document, a pretty satisfactory answer to, at all events, the first and gravest fear and doubt that perplexes him, viz. : Ist. The flooding and destruction which floods usually occasion. At least, it so appears to mo, and nothing more, I think, is neces- sary than to ask him to renew ac(iuaintance with the particular passage of that able document which follows ; — " The banks and land on both sides being high, and an off'-lct already provided by nature, damming here presents no serious difti- culty, and no danger need be apprehended." Now, that is the whole case, briefly, clearly, and, as I think, quite conclusively — for, if the facts be as stated here (and I am assured by thoroughly competent parties, who have carefully examined the position, that they arc)— the sequence is inevitable, and nothing more need now be said. Indeed, if any man wants more to satisfy him on this head, clearly, he can only find it for himself through a personal examination of the whole position. 2nd. The back-flow and its consequences. Now,Ave do not yet know that the water actually will back up below or against the dam at all. Not only will this for a time be uncertain, considering the altered con- dition of the position ; but, it is still more uncertain how often, or to what extent it may, i. c. upon the supposition that it will. Never- theless, it must be admitted that it sometimes may, for, it is true, that, through the obstruction occasioned by the stationary and stag- nated ice or choked passage-ways below Lcngueuil, a variable rise and back-flow of some sort usually (not always) does occur, fall and spring (for most part and from natural causes higher, but always of shorter duration in the spring) which may occasionally find its level only at the dam in question ; and may, also, when it does so, somewhat reduce the head and power there ; but it cannot, even in the very worst of seasons do so, it is believed, to any very serious extent. The difference of level is too considerable for that. Besides, wherever, as here, there is an ever-plentiful supply to draw from, and the centre-discharge or Vandewatcr form of wheel is used, protected or enclosed as it always is, it can run in back-water, — just about as well as not. The only difference is one of velocity or degree mys, he studied lust have been to find, in that all events, the , viz. : snally occasion. think, is noces- the particular 1, and an off-let I no serious diffi- asl think, quite id I am assured y examined the lo, and nothin;^ ( more to satisfy inself through a do not yet know ; the dam at all. the altered con- low often, or to t will. Never- for, it is true, ionary and stag- a variable rise iocs occur, fall iscs higher, but ay occasionally y, also, when it but it cannot, ed, to any very dcrable for that. 1 supply to draw of wheel is used, ck-water, — just locity or degree 21 in a slightly diminished speed, owing to a somewhat less free or rapid discharge, in conse(iuence of tiio presence of back-water—, ''•vet of no great importance where, as mentioned before, the supply is good — and less, of cour.ie, where, as here, it is at all times superabun- dant. The days of the clum.>«y, ohl, obsolete and i)nmitivo breast- and-buckct wheel, once and long in vogue, are past. It is almost entirely superseded now by the newer and better forms in daily use and requisition ; and, until we retiu-n to old and obsolete ways again, which no man in his senses would ever think of doing, any ordinary and merely momentary back-flow at such seasons (allowing it to ha[)pen) could never, it is clear enough, present any serious hin- drance to the practical application or working and uses of the power derived from such a dam atany period of the year. IMainly enough, therefore, all such exaggerated statements and reports are only intended to forward and serve a purely selFuli and unworthy pur- jiose. Now— The explanation liore offered is about all that needs, or, at least, can yet be done in the way of satisfying Mnitriud. It is to be hoped it may have tiie effect of silencing his fears and removing the doubts which he tells us disturb him in common with so many others. It may be so : but all such fears are groundless ; and, if we have failed to convince him of their groundlessness, the fault is not in the subject but the author. It is well-known that there are people who, with a preconceived notion in their head, or a supposed f)ecuniary interest in their eye, it is quite impossible to reason with. Montreal may not be one of this class. Nevertheless, the class is very numerous. If such peojtle can hardly be brought to believe in the evidence of their own senses, as often happens, how can they 1)0 expected to put any trust in other men, or have any faith in any thing ? Another matter, in this connection, appears deserving of some notice. It is not, properly speaking, an objection to the proposed plan of the Dam &c., but only a sort of reason against any such change ; and, in point of wisdom, not one whit better than that which the stupid tradesman displays when, clinging affectionately to old in- struments and old ways, he sulkily refuses to adopt a new machine or tool, with which much more, and better, and cheaper work can be done— merely because the change would entail a little outlay ; 22 although it could be shewn that the new and better article was a real economy, and that its first cost would be even less than the mere putting and keeping of the ill-contrived, old and insufficient one into some passably decent sort of repair, for just another, and, per- haps, a very short season longer. If that is not what is called being " penny wise and pound foolish," — the meaning of the proverb is unintelligible to me. Now, the objection referred to is this : — If the dam-plan proposed be adopted, our present costly water works will be rendered useless — in fact, a dead loss. But this is a grand mistake, for, the only portion of the present works that could be dispensed with, is the aqueduct or supply-canal and Wheel- Ilouse. But these would not by any means Ijc useless. On the contrary, if affected at all, and benefited as they easily could be by the Hydraulic Company's operations, and converted, in the shape of power, to manufacturing purposes, they would still continue to be as useful and valuable as ever — even more so, may bo: — For instance, only one large cotton mill, with its attendant print mill, Machine Shops, Stores, &c., &c., (the aqueduct would admit of many mills upon it) employing thousands of hands (not an unusual thing) would actually, in mere money value, be worth fiir more to the city every year than the whole cost of carrying up the rising-mains to the ]>roposed dam, where the water now running past to waste con- tinually before our very eyes, could be made to do the work of lift- ing itself up to any height desired — the top of the mountain, if it were thought useful — without ever a fear of any future trouble with frazil, low water, muddy water, or any of the other causes which heretofore have fairly baffled the genius of Mr. Lesage — com- pelled a whole garrison to be turned out to the rescue — and decent citizens to pay beseeching court, on more than one or two occasions, to lubberly and foul-mouthed water-men with their rickety carts and dirty, greazy puncheons ; and, after all, not get as much as one " little drop " to wet one's whistle with. Now, lihe drift of this last objection is merely to oblige a two- mile extension upwards of the present canal or aqueduct, that is — of making sure that all the old difficulties will remain to afflict us in a far more aggravated form when the city and its population will only be larger, (the sickly, silly efforts of some would-be wise persons may check but cannot prevent its growth) and their re- article was a real IS than the mere 1 insufficient one ,nother, and, per- lat is called beiniz of the proverb is '. to is this : — sent costly water ;s. But this is a works that could anal and Wheel- useless. On the asily could be by d, in the shape of continue to be as : — For instance, it mill, Machine lit of many mills ual thing) would the city every ng-inains to the 5t to waste con- the work of lift- mountain, if it ;ure trouble with er causes which Lcsage — com- ic — and decent two occasions, r rickety carts IS much as one > oblige a two- luct, that is — in to afflict us population will would-be wise and their re- 23 fjuirements greater, and the distress and danger more widely and severely felt— of course. For, if Mr. Keefer's plan be carried out, we shall certainly be in danger of being without water alto- gether for a goodly portion of every winter — because, if, in ex- tending the present canal, you follow the sinuosities of the bank, as proposed by Mr. Keefer, raise its head, and deepen its bed, and widen its mouth, and make it dip into the river in a slowly running current, the more extended area and greater influence of suction in such a position, will inevitably draw in, vortex-like, a much larger proportional quantity of frazil than could possibly be the case in a stronger rapid where the influence of the in-draft is much less felt, and the velocity of the stream hurries and sweeps the larger portion of it past. Pesides, at every bend or turn in the more extended and crooked canal, the direction of the current within it of necessity changes from side to side — eddies forming after every one of them and operating as traps to attract and to retain frazil. And thus the free passage of the water would be impeded, and a^great loss of head and speed would follow, while the very unevenness and projecting sides of such a canal would form such a barrier to the progress of the frazil that it would always be in im- minent danger of becoming useless just at the very moment when its use Avas wanted most of all. Not only so, but the danger would be permanent — for a cold spell, any time of any winter, might make it cease to furnish any water at all to your thirsty, water-starved and water-craving citizens. "When that happens, you may as well try and draw the water through a bank of puddle-clay as througii a heavy body of this fra- zil. A gorge of no great thickness (it could not help growing thicker every instant) would do the business handsomely, without even considering this further fact, viz : — that from the point where the first obstruction did take place up to the very mouth of the canal would soon become one solid mass of fix'd fraxil. What then, — Blasting frazil even with glycerine being well known to be impos- sible, there would be nothing for it, at last, but pick and shovel. But who so cruel as to permit men, even if for large pay willing, with the thermometer ranging from 20 to 30 degrees below zero, to go working up to their middle in the icy-slush in a vain liope and attempt to clear it out — oven with c^u^•, bar, pick and shovel. 24 Only two short years ago when the garrison went out to try, and liundreds of citizens also went to witness them, the attempt was given up because of its utter impracticability, and furrowing the surface was finally had recourse to with little better effect — when, a change set in, and the sun and weather, out of pity for a public in sore perplexity and distress, providentially came to our rehef. Had not the change come when it did, there is no saying what might have happened then, or what may happen even yet, unless the only safe and cer- tain way is now taken to obviate a renewal of such difficulties. Moreover, at a late and an unusually full meeting of the City Council, Mr. Rodden stated that — In anticipation of a petition pre- sented by the agents and managers of Insurance Companies, calling attention to the dangers that threatened us all and demanding the immediate adoption of some adequate remedy for this water diffi- culty, he had obtained from the superintendent of the works, Mr. Lesage, certain reliable information and sketches, of which — sketch No. 2 — showed : " What might occur at the same time and place should the aqueduct be extended until it would be filled from a higher level on the banks of the river witli a water area of about 270 feet, say five times what sketch No. 1 gives, supposing the ice would only be four feet thick {Jive and a half feet ivas the actual thickness at the moment!) ; this area, and the probable increase of power ob- tained by increased head, would, no doubt, admit of a full supply being put upon the city during the winter month Now mark — " The requirements of the city are 2,500,000 gallons dail^-. The consumption increases at the rate of about 500,000 gallons per annum, Bi/ the time the extension would be completed, the consump- tion of water in the city would reach the full measure of the tointer supply that coidd be obtained from the proposed extension to a higher level without increasing the size of the present aqueduct, which supply would be about 7,000,000 gallons daily. Therefore, it is to be considered what further pumping water-power can be obtained to keep pace ivith the annually increasing demand for water. ''^ Now, although it might be plainer, could anything be more suggestive as to the utter futiHty of the proposed extension in any shape, seeing we are so distinctly told by its very promoters, that " BY THE TIME THE EXTENSION WOULD BE COMPLETED, THE CON it out to try, and ittempt was given ig the surface was 1, a change set in, 1 sore perplexity cl not the change ; have happened ly safe and cer- i difficulties, ting of the City of a petition pre- )mpanies, calling d demanding the r this water diffi- the works, Mr. •f which — sketch )lace sliould the ra a higher level it 270 feet, say ice would only actual thichiess ise of power ob- of a full supply Now mark — ns dailip. The 00 gallons per 7, the consiimp- e of the wiyiter extension to a. sent aqueduct, Therefore, power can be demand for thing be more tension in any •omoters, that ED, THE CON 25 SUMPTION WOULD REACH THE FULL MEASURE OF THE WINTER SUPPLY FROM SUCH EXTENSION." A very good reason, certainly, for the following sound conclusion : " Therefore, it is to be considered WHAT FURRHER PUMPING WATER-POWER COULD BE OBTAINED TO KEEP PACE WITH THE ANNUALLY INCREASING DEMAND FOR WATER." Undoubtedly — that is the question, according to this good authori- ty — but how, pray, is it to be answered, seeing that — if Mr. Keefer's plan of elongating the aqueduct is adopted, it is certain, if Mr. Lesage and Mr. Rodden are to be regarded as authorities, (and they ought to know something worth knowing about it surely by this time) that — after all the expenditure proposed to be made, has been made, and the work is completed, we shall be no better oflF than now, and will, even afterwards, be exposed to all the difficulties and dangers we are suffering from to-day. And, — be it remembered — Mr. Lesage and Mr. Rodden's sketch (No. 2) assumes the full head observable at the entrance of the canal, without any allowance whatever for diminution or loss, in transitu, whereas, if the canal be extended, and Mr. Keefer's singularly strange and devious plan be followed, a great de- crease of head and body will certainly be found to arise — that at the upper and that at the lower end (nay, even at the junction of the proposed extension to the present aqueduct, or vertex of the sharp angle there formed) being very different things, since, at every bend or curve (and these Avould be numerous, and the more angular the worse, of course) of the elongation, a serious loss of head and speed or force would certainly take place, while, at the same time and in the same way, the danger of the water-way getting completely choked by frazil catching at these protubera- ting bends or curves and lodging in the accompanying eddies, would be vastly increased, — all which is only in strict conformity with scientific principles, or Smeaton, Faraday, Tyndall, Fairbairn, Sir William Armstrong, and other ecjually eminent men, not a few, arc all wrong together, and entirely unworthy of the respect and admira- tion in which they have heretofore been held. You caimot pass, in- deed you cannot force an equal quantity of water through a crooked or uneven and a straight tube of the same dimensions — not even through the identical tube if its interior be not perfectly smooth — much less if it be crooked or irregular, and have protuberating and withdriawing sides. In such a case, the measured loss from resis-. 26 tauce or friction, is such as no one not well up (as our neighbours ■would term it) in hydraulics, would be apt to beUeve, and the same principles, in a somewhat different form, of course, are equally applicable to open canals or aqueducts. In fact, with this pro- posed extension of the canal, a greater likelihood than ever of being without water altogether some winters would exist, while the danger of being so every winter would be seriously increased — a prospect far more calculated to cause than to calm apprehension and alarm in the public mind. Now, as to the cost of this proposed extension or elongation of the present aqueduct — Mr. Atwater says -f 50,000 per mile will do it, — and Mr. Keener , for economy^ 8 sake.' wants to make it on the very brink of the river-bank, and throw over the excavated s+ufF as a protection against a surging, wearing, wasting, uncontrollable current. But what good reason is there to presume that Mr. Keefcr and Mr. Atwater are any more correct now in estimating the cost of the proposed extension, than they formerly were in estimating tlie cost of our present defective water-works. The original esti- niiite, as I am informed, and I believe correctly, of the present water works, was only a paltry $150,000, but the actual cost, nevertheless, exceeded the estimate fully twenty-fold (it was over 't-j,000,000,) and that, too, without including the indispensible caudal appendage of a tail-vAQQ which afterwards cost the respec- table sum of $ , — I know not what. But it is useless to be arguing about such things. Whoever cannot see the object of them without any further argumentation, can neither be enlightened nor convinced by any reasoning the case as yet admits of. I only hope — if the Corporation determine to carry out their alleged purpose and carry up the canai according to Mr. Keefer's plan — that Mr. Atwater will have the contract at •ii.jO.OOO per mile — but I would advise them to be careful and see that good security is given for the due fulfilment of the work, before it is begun. If Mr. Kecfer thinks he can carry up the aque- duct two miles further in the way he proposes along a great surg- ing rapid, without any better protection than what he evidently intends, He also, should be employed to do it — provided he gives similar good security that it will not only not fail, but stand firm and sure, and give satisfaction for at least one full year after com- as our neighbours ieve, and the same lurse, are equally ict, with this pro- lood than ever of lid exist, while the usly increased — a 1 apprehension and ir elongation of the T mile will do it, — lake it on the very excavated s^uflF as ng, uncontrollable ne that Mr. Keefcr istimating the cost *vere in estimating The original esti- ly, of the present t the actual cost, i-fold (it was over ; the indispensible s cost the respec- things. Whoever sr argumentation, reasoning the case ition determine to e canai according ve the contract at )e careful and see lent of the work, arry up the aque- long a great surg- hat he evidentlv provided he gives ; lil, but stand firm 11 year after com- 27 pletion. It is almost incredible that any Engineer of standing would venture on such an undertaking without a proper and con- tinuous hne of good crib-work to protect it. If he does, he is sure enough sooner or later to see his folly and find out his mistake. 13ut, will it not be too late then to mend the matter The constant wash of a great rapid, the ceaseless grinding of des- cending blocks of ice, heavy frasts, heavy thaws and great freshets, without any respect at all for Mr. Keefer, or Mr. Reefer's handiwork, would likely soon make an end of it. And, suppose he did, or attempt- ed rather, what he offers to do — How far would $50,000 per mile go in the way of paying for even the first quarter mile of 8uchawork,yi\i\Q\\, when finished, as we have shewn, would, after all, be good for very little; and, most likely,when the time of trial comes, as it is sure enougli to do, would be found altogether wanting and only leave us worse than ever. What would any one think of the Tailor Ordered to make for a fast-growing youth and who made the suit, both, too scrimp and tight — insomuch that ho dared not venture to stoop Avitli them when on ? — That he was either a fool or a knave, or, at all events, a stupid — to be sure. Docs any one fail to see the ap- jilication of such a (jucstion to the projected elongation or enlarge- ment of our present Aqueduct ? Indeed, the whole thing is a huge mistake. And, all the fine promises made arc evidently without any proper forethought or reflection : — some say merely with the view of getting the work begun, well knowing that, if only once begun, all is safe — the Corporation for its own credit and character with the public being obliged to carry it through whether good for anything or no, and reckless in such a case, of course, as to what the ultimate cost might be. Is it not high time for a good look-out to be posted and on duty ? The safety of the whole — ship, crew and passengers — is dependent upon this. Of course, the ex[>cnse has all to come out of our already well-taxed citizens' pockets, and we all know how easy and pleasant a thing being lihi'- ral is when it happens to be at other people's expense —and, more especially, when being liberal is highly profitable to one's self. 8o much, then, for Mr. Reefer's plan for the extension of our aijucduct and improvement ! of our water works — the eminently Aviso men who, for reasons of their own, arc labouring with might and main to force the Council to adopt it — and the generous I 28 proprietors, who, with the instinctive craving of a pack of famishing wolves scenting some chance prey, would neither give up a solitary inch of ground, even for the public good, without their pound of flesh, nor yield one iota of their purely Jictioious and pretended rights without a thousand-fold their value when estimated as real ones, by way of compensation for — not an injury, but a positive benefit done then^ in despite of themselves, while malevolently abusing and threacemng every body into the bargain, and bawling out through their hireling's throat and with all their hireling's might for Hercules to come and save them from the horrid fangs of that hydra-headed monster, the St. Louis Hydraulic Company. Now, has Mr. Keefer — the geniuses who have been combatingthese water diflRcul ties for many years past — or any other body — I wonder, ever once thought how easy a thing it would be for this well-abused Hydraulic Company to do all, nay, far more than all that Mr. Keefer and others promise, without any of the very serious drawbacks inse- parable from their plans, and not only without any (worse than use- less) extension of the present aqueduct, or disturbing anything what- ever, but in a way that would most certainly be far simpler, quicker, infinitely safer, better and cheaper than they, or any of them all, can possibly pretend to. But — so it is ; and the fact is demons- trable and may so easily be understood from what has already been said that any further argument seems quite unnecessary. To revert for a moment to Mr. Rodden's statement in the Coun- cil on the occasion above referred to, viz. — By the time the exten- sion contemplated by jNIr. Keefer is completed our water consump- tion will be 7,000,000 gallons daily. Now, in a city that has trebled its population within a period of twenty years (the last past 20) ; and where there is every reason to believe, unless one sadly mistakes the signs of the times and the spirit of our people, it will go on continuing to do so in a still higher ratio of increase even for the next twenty years to come, and thence-forward indefinitely, it is surely a matter of the very gra- vest, and as I look at it, most solemn importance for the public to consider now what the state of matters will be then — aye, even before half that same score of years comes round. Well, as the matter has to be considered 7iow even with refer- ence to the present. — Why not, while we may, look just a very little ick of famishing vo up a solitary ir pound of flesh, retended riyhts as real ones, by ;ive benefit done ly abusing and ing out through ^ht for Hercules ,t hydra-headed 1 combatingthese ody — I wonder, this well-abused that Mr. Keefer drawbacks inse- ( worse than use- 5 anything what- irapler, quicker, my of them all, fact is demons- las already been 3ary. nt in the Coun- time the exten- water consump- thiu a period of very reason to times and the in a still higher to come, and the very gra- for the public [EN — aye, even ven with refer- ust a very little 29 a-hcad and make some provision for the future. Why — like big, hulk- ing school-boys — go paltering, and trifling, and dallying with so very serious a business '( Whv not take the benefit of the ri"ht sort of knowledge and talent which is at our command, if we go about the getting of it in a right and proper sort of way ? Why go secretly scheming, and misleading, and straining to cast the mantle of a high and spotless reputation over a something, which, if it were not inde- fensible, would not require concealment ? Even now the 20 years above alluded to is running on. Again, — according to a calculation I have made, and it is much within the mark, I find that in only 5 years hence our daily consumption of water will be 10 Million gals. 10 " 15 do 20 " 20 do Now, looking at and considering these indubitable facts,— Is not this grave question one which demands to be taken up openhf and at once, and fairly and fully considered, not merely with reference to the present hour or year, or the next 10 or 20 years, but (say) fifty or 100 years or more. If our city digni- taries would only take this reasonable view of the position ami adopt the proper means, their Reservoirs might be always full of pure water, instead of the pea-soup we may be hourly look- ing for and forced to use and drink, unfortunately, for the next two or three weeks to come from down-right necessity, but without any necessity whatever, if the plain and proper means were only used to obviate our annual festival of that sort of beverages ; and the present high and oppressive water-rate at same time reduced full one half or more and the works made to yield an immensely larger revenue than they do at present. Strange — how very palpable a thing should be lost sight of, and so easy, sure and comfortable a way and means of deriving an increased revenue, while actually reducing, or in a manner re- moving, a very high and galling rate, often without its due eciuivalent, should be neglected. But, clearly, this is not the place or time for entering upon such a subject. Another object and sequence of the very highest importance I have studiously so far kept out of view. It especially concerns the general Government, and every city, town and village in the Pro- 80 vincc ot Ontario ; viz. — the interior commerce and navigation of the country and their accommodation and improvement. I feel as if- I would rather like to say something on the subject : but, unwilling to trespass further on the patience of friends, I abstain, while— to those who desire to learn more of the St. Louis Hydraulic Coy',^ views and purposes, I would say — Try, if you can, and get a sight of the splendid plans got up by our own — shall I say it — "heaven born" Engineer Mr. Charles Leggc. (No one, I hope, will for a moment think that the terra is irrelevant, or meant irreverently.) To return to our first view and to finish then: — Only one way of dealing successfully with all the difficulties of our position is open to us, viz : — damming the river at Isle-au-IIeron, carrying up the rising mains to, and placing the lifting-wheels beside the Dam, in the way first proposed by Mr. Miller ; and it is the surest, quickest, safest, best and cheapest way of remedying all the annoy- ances, difficulty and dangers we now are, and always must be sub- ject to, unless this is done — and done, too, as it may, and ought to be. Finally — Whatever may be done — a fair, dispassionate and full consideration of the matter in hand in all its manifold bearings and aspects, past as well as future, induces a firm belief that we are now arrived at one of those grand climacterics in a people's history, where the roads diverge, and it is just as we turn here— to this hand or to that — whether we move forward or no in a right or a wrong di- rection. God grant that we may have the sense to choose the right course, and Ilis blessing be on those who lead the way. Your very obedient servant, VANDEWATER. 8t avigation of the . I feel as if- : but, unwilling stain, while — to [jdraulic Coy' a and get a sight ay it — "heaven hope, will for a irreverently.) 5n: — Only one of our position Icron, carrying ;el9 beside the it is the surest, ; all the annoy- ra must be sub- md ought to be. onate and full Id bearings and 8. ■Jt) J\PPEND1X I. /Jy/(/Mi:MOiiA\DUM with reforoncc to improvoinents contoini»latc(l at the Lacliine Rapids l)y tho St. Louid Hydraulic Coiupaiiy, to accompany preliminary plan of the work. The plan referred to shews a solid dam or embankniont extending from the north shore to Isle Heron, near its foot, raising the water flowing down the north channel, to a height of about twenty feet, at this point. The dam will he constructed of crib work filled with stones, and the whole covered up with a solid earth embankment, raised to a height of about twelve feet above the surface of the water on its upper side forming a water tight structure. The width of the embankment on top will be about one hundred and fifty feet, when completed, giving space for a roadway of one hundred feet, and leaving the balance of fifty feet, for rail tracks. In the first instance, it will possess about one half this total width, and be widened as circumstances may rer|uire. The correct position or location of the dam will be decided after a more minute survey of the bed of the river has been made and may possibly be placed at a point farther up the stream, but, even if so, the same general arrangement of races, lots, Ike. kc, as shewn on the plan will obtain. On the dry rocky bed of the river below tlie dam, two tiers of hydraulic lots, Avill be laid off each possessing a depth of three liun- dred feet, by a width or frontage on the dam of one hundred feet, for each separate lot, reserving spaces of thirty feet be- tween each for flumes and tail races, also serving for roads of access and to give light to tho factories placed thereon. On the main land, a large head race possessing an ultimate width of five hundred feet, will be carried around the end of the dam, provided with suitable head gates for regulating the flow of the Avatcr, and from thence be continued down the river, at a distance of about 1200 feet from its margin. It is not contemplated to excavate this head race or canal, to the full width of five hundred feet at the present time, but where the nature or level of the ground rcriuircs embankments, they will be placed in the correct positions for the full c 'M width, and tlio hnlancc of the excavation ho accompliHhod when tho c.'inal is oxtondod in hM);;^th, and additional wator powor r('(|uirod. I'he niatorial excavated tVoin the canal will he deposited in the main dam for widenin*^ and ri.sin<^ the same. The depth of water will ho fifte(!n foot — increased, hy deeponini,', to twenty feet or more, wiien recjuired, cither for navigation purpoaos, or for additional water supply. It is su-^^^cstcd that the general •government, in place of cnlarj.';- in<; and deepenin;^ the ])re3ent Lachini! (.'anal, mi;4ht devote the money which would he rotjuircd to accomplish that work, to the assistance of the Company and cnuhle it to carry the canal at once throu;j;h to the Lachine Canal IJasin No. i2, near Wellin^iton IJridge. This canal, where passiii;^ through excavation, to have a jjresent widtli on bottom, of say 100 feet, hut where embankments occur, to ])0sses3 the full width of 500 feet. If this were dune, a guard Lock could ho placed where shown on the plan, and a lift lock located further down the canal at a point most advantageous for the levels. This lift lock would drop the vessel down to a reach on the same level with Basin No. 2 Lachine Canal. Through this new canal, if of sufficient depth, ocean vessels, as well as river craft, could reach the Company's works at the Rapids, and the latter proceed from thence up the river to Lachine. The fine ex- ])anse of still Avater above the dam will furnish harbourage for a vast fleet, during the season of navigation, while in winter, vessels re(iuiring repairs, would find it a good location for having them done. The construction of the dam will have the effect of throwing a large volume of water into the south or navigable channel thus increas- ing its dejjth. It Avill also "pack " the water for some distance up the river, and diminish the current between the new Basin and Lachine. The passage of steam vessels up the river will be facilit- ated — while all vessels descending from above will take this route, leaving the present Lachine Canal, for the " upward bound traffic," in schooners and barges. Between this main head-race or canal and the river, a space is reserved for a large number of Ilydraidic lots for mills, factories, &c., &c., all with suitable head and tail races, roads of access, &c., but only to be completed as required — a space of 150 feet is reserved -I'BiMiMABMnra jfcj«»ii.-»*jc-— -^stis*-. i\r, h1io(1 when tlic )\v(>r ro(|uire(l. :o(l ill the main >t' water will ho or more, when Iditional water liice of ciilarfj;- ^^ht devote the t work, to the ) canal at once inj^ton Hridge. lave a present kments oecur, (lone, a guard md a lift lock advantageous isel down to a anal. Through s well as river ipids, and the The fine ex- age for a vast inter, vessels having them of throwing a [)1 thus incrcas- 10 distance up cw Basin and will he facilit- ike this route, )ound traflBc," er, a space is lills, factories, )f access, &c., .'ct is reserved between the factories and the canal, giving a road 100 feet in width, and the halanco of ')0 feel for lines o!' railway connecting with the (jlrand Trunk Rail way at Point St. Charles. The large lot at the north end of the dam is reserved for a wheol- liouse for the Montreal Waterworks. It is proposed that the city should acquire this lot, and erect a suitable huilding ca|);ihle of extension when re(juired, with rising mains from the new wheel-house, underm-iith the canal, to the nean.'st point of their a(|ue(lu(;t, thence following it on their own property to the [)resent wheel-house, and uniting with the existing rising mains to the reservoir ; — The St. Louis Hydraulic Company renting to the city the necessary (juantity of water for driv- ing their wheels. The water to be pumped up into the city, can lie brought to the new wheel-house, by suitable pipes, from the n.'arest point in the acpieduct, which will ensure its purity as at present ; in addition to this a connection between the pumj) ])its and the water in the largo basin above the dam, can also be provided in case of accident or short supply in winter, from the aqueduct. The power for driving the wheels, to bo held by the city under a perpetual lease, at such annual rental as may be nmtually agreed on, or a stipulated amount of power may be purchased, or otherwise secured by taking stock in the enterprise. The manner in which it is proposed to develop the power on tho island may be seen by reference to the plan. The natural channel which divides the island into two unequal parts, is to be deepened and widen ul for a main tail race. The water passing from the mills and factories located on the smaller island will pass into this main tail race, and from thence into the river at tho lower end of the island. On the larger or south sectior. of the island, a main head race will be carried from tho upper end whore it may possess a width of 800 feet, gradually narrowing to 100 feet at the lower end; at right angles Avith this main head-race will bo minor head and tail-racos, arranged at suitable intervals with intervening lots for the erection of factories and mills ; about onc-lMlf of the water used will pass into the main tail-race, and the balance directlvinto the river. All tho hydraulic lots on the island will have access l»y streets from GO to 100 feet in width, and will geuera'dy average 800 feet in depth by 100 feet frontage each. 36 The main head-race will commene;) at the upper end, and bo gradually exluudcd downwards, as occasion may require — a portion of the excavation will be placed in an embankment to unite the several small islands at the upper end, and thus increase the head of water to the entire system of mills and factories. A fine basin of still water havmg a length of .5000 feet, by an average width of 2500 feet will be formed, and serve as a '' mill pond " for supplying water to the mills. This smooth sheet of water will freeze over in the early part of the winter season, and prevent floating ice and frazil reaching the dif- ferent head-races and flumes. The greater portion of this moving, matter in descending the river, will be drawn by the swift current at the head of the island into the south channel. The plan submitted, shows the arrangement when the work is com- pleted. The section proposed to be carried out in the first instance is the Dam, with such portions of the main and minor head and tail races, on the main land, as will yield sufficient earth excavation to form the embankment around and above the crib-work of the Dam. The hydraulic lots contiguous to the races, so constructed, may then be disposed of, and additional ones brought mto the market from year to year in accordance with the demand— by simply extending the races. C. LEGGE, Montreal, 14th October, 18G7. Civil Engineer. 87 ■ end, and bo I — a portion of ite the several sad of water to , of still water 2500 feet will water to the rljr part of the ching the dif- \ this moving, swift current work is corn- first instance head and tail excavation to I of the Dam. ;ed, may then ket from year xtending the E, Engineer. APPENDIX II. ADDENDUM. In answer to the questions contained in Mr. Page's letter of 2ord October, with reference to additional information respecting the levels of water, land, &c., the following addenda are made to the previous memorandum on the subject of the contemplated hydraulic improvements at the Lachine Rapids. On referring to the plan, a line of soundings is shown a short distance above the dam, whore the river possesses a Avidth of about 2750 feet; the average of these soundings will give seven feet, or a sectional area of water way. of 19,250 square feet, and are reduced to a level of 17 feet on the mitre cill of Lock No. 1 , Lachine Canal. Section No. 1 on line AB, shows the contour of the river bot- tom, and the adjacent lands on either side of the channel. Section No. 2 on lir ^ CD, along the centre of Isle Heron, shows a fall in the river, bet^v .en these two points, of eighteen feet, in a total distance of about 6000 feet. The fall between the upper end of this section and the point in the river where the cross section was taken is about 13 feet. The level of the river bank on the main land where the cross section was taken, is nearly 25i feet above the present water, and if the surface at this section is raised to the level of the water at the upper end of Section No. 2, the roadway along the bank will still possess a height above the new level of at least twelve feet, a margin amply sufficient to prevent any overflow above the dam, during high water in the river at any season of the year. During a portion of last winter, a natural dam of ice was actually formed across the lower end of this channel, and raised the water above it to about the level which will be attained when the permanent dam is constructed. No damage was sustained by the farmers in the neighbourhood. The writer has examined the banks of the river between the site of the proposed dam and Lachine and finds them amply high ; also the banks on the opposite side of the river. That the erection of this dam will be followed by the packing 38 back of the v^ater to the lake above, was referred to in the first instance, and the probable raising of the lake level, with its tri- butary streams also. The precise amount of this " pack," cannot bo determined delinitelj at present, except with great trouble and expense, it will therefore be necessary b3fore the work is com- menced, to establish numerous bench marks along the margin of the river and lake, to define the original level of the Avater, and to serve as means of determining with exactness the amount of the pack at those points and consequent damage to land, if any is sus- tahied on low levels, or other^'ise. It is scarcely necessary to ol)3erve that an increased height to the level of Lake St. Louis (a shallow sheet of water), togeiher with t!ie increased draft of water down the river and rapids, conse- quent on the erection of the dam, will be of great benefit to the navigation during the season of low water. It is thought the foregoing information, together with the Sec- tions and soundings shewn on the plan, will cover the ground re- quired in Mr. Page's letter. CHARLES LEGGE, Civil Engineer. Montreal, November -ith, 1807. 39 ;r with the 9cc- To the Editor of the Daily News. Montreal, 25th March, 18G8. Sir,— I am happy to find that the St. Louis IlydrauHc Com- pany's charter is attracting pubUc attention. Montreal is deeply interested in this matter, and the citizens shouhl at once petition for the Royal assent to the bill. Why the most important measure passed by the Quebec Legislature should have been reserved, is mysterious. Was it because the dam proposed by this company would have made one of the most dangerous rapids on the St. Lawrence a safe and navigable chaimel at all seasons, from the quantity of water which would have been thrown into it, or was it because their works would in a few years have doubled the population of Montreal, and increased the value of property on the island far beyond the expec- tation of the most sanguine ? Or it may have been from a desire to prevent the thousands of people who leave Lower Canada every fall from finding that employment at home which they are compelled to seek during the winter months in the United States. It must have been from some such reasons, for no good one could be assigned. We have, unfortunately, in Lower Canada many peojile who know nothing, see nothing, and caimot be made to comprehend anything ; who have acquired a little property, but have not the in- telligence to encourage any enterprise that would improve it, and who are always ready to oppose any undertaking from which their neighbors might derive any benefit, although they might be losers from such opposition. It 'is to this class that the backward condi- tion of Lower Canada may be traced. However annoying such a state of things may have been, they were endurable with no taxation, and the large amount of Imperial money which annually flowed into the country for the jiayment of troops, &c. ; but times arc about to change, and we shall soon bo thrown upon our own resources. Then we shall soon discover the value of such works as those of the Hydraulic Company, and the fact that they would be cheap to Montreal at any price. Is an enterprise of this value, from which the moat stupid must 40 sec that we wotild derive advantages which could not bo computed, to be defeated bj the croaking of a few farmers on the Lower La- chine Road, whose fortunes would be made by giving the Hydraulic Company all the land re(|uired for the works gratis. ARGUS. lot bo computed, >n the Lower La- ng the Hydraulic ,s. ARGUS. COMPARATIVE REMARKS. . — T'\ amount of information shoivii I'leie so clearly and Itlit/i summary of the ivliole, is vcrv striking, and all so n, that — " he ivho runs may read.'^ The following Statistics of the Manufactures ol Lowell, Mass., for the year 1867, compiled from j authentic sources, and published annually (No. 31) j ;Will serve to show the result obtained from the |employment of 10,000 horses Power of Water, issistcd by an auxiliary force of 4,425 horses of *owcr Steam. — Now, if such results are obtainable it Lowell, from the above figures, what might not be rpectcd here from the employment of the enor- >U8 force of 4,500,000 horses power of water!! |hich the St. Louis Hydraulic Company can ush for the general public use and good. lin, if 14,425 horses combined power of force ployed at Lowell, produces annually, as it is said lo, $30,000,000 worth, what might not the 3,ooo horses power created by the Hydraulic Ipany's dam be made to produce annually if ibrought into use, and actually used? lat business ! ! — Who will undertake the ition ? mLERRIIflArK inANIJFACTVBINC; €0. .r. C. Talfeey, Ag'l. IIenhv Bubrowb, Sup't Print W'ks. Incorporated 1822. Commenced operations 182.". Capital Stock S!2,r)00.00() Number of Mills, 5 and Print Works Spindles, 100,000 Looms 2,500 Females omplovod, 1,600 Males employed, 650 Vards mat'o per week 450.000 Pounds Cotton consumed per week 80,000 Yards Dyed and Printed per week 450,000 Kind of Goods made Prints, Xo. iJO to 37 Tons Anthracite Coal per annum 12.000 Bushels Charcoal per annum (i,OOo Cords Wood per annum 70o Gallons Oil per annum, 7,50o Pounds Starch per annum, 225,OOo Barrels Flour per annum I.IOq Water Wheels, ti Turbines, 5 ft., 4 do 8 ft. 6 in. diameter Steam power 22 engines, 2,010 horse powe,. In addition to the above, 1,900,000 pounds Sladder. 50,000 do Copperas, 170,000 do Alum, 160,000 do Sumac, and 40,000 do Soap are annually consumed. HAMIIiTON niANIJFACTIJRINO CO. O. H. MouLTON, Ag't. Wm. If aeley, Sup't Print W'ks. Incorporated 1825. Commenced operations 1825 Capital Stock, $1,200,000 Number of Mills, 5 and Print Works Spindles, 51,268 Looms, 1,348 Females employed 850 Males employed, 425 Yards made per week, .* 235,000 Pounds Cotton consumed per week, 50,000 Clean Wool consumed per week 10,000 Yards Dyed and Printed 120,000 Printed, 6,000 Dyed Kind of Goods made Delaines, Flannels Prints, Ticks, Stripes, Drills, Worsted Y'arns, Sheetings and Shirtings, 10 to .53. Tons Anthracite Coal per annum, 3,800 Bushels Charcoal per annum 500 Cords Wood per annum 100 Gallons Oil per annum 6,500 Pounds Starch per annum, 120,000 Barrels Flour per annum 175 Dye Stuffs, amount per annum, $185,000 Water Wheels, 9 Turbines Steam power, 2 engines, 376 horse power APPIiKTON <;oniPA .(. n. Sawveu, Agent. Incorporated 1828. Commenci Capital Stock Number of Mills, Spindles, Looms Females employed Males employed Yards made per week, Pounds Cotton consumed per week , Kind of Goods made,. .Sheetings, Drillings ai 14 and 34. Tons Anthracite Coal per annum Bu.shels Charcoal per annum Gallons Oil per annum Pounds Starch per annum, Water Wheels LOll'ELIi mANVFACTIJRIlVO < Samukl P^ay, Agent. Incorporated 1828. Commenc Capital Stock Number of JDUs, 1 Spinning, 1 Carp* Spindles, 12,500 worsted and ^ Looms 258 Power Carpet, 124 Cott Females employed Males employed, Yards made per week, ;35,000 yards Carpets 4,500 Stuff Goods. Pounds Cotton consumed [)er week, Pounds Clean Wool consumed per week, . . . Kind of Goods made Carpets, Sheetnij Tons Anthracite Coal per annum Bushels Charcoal per annum, Cords Wood per annum Gallons Oil perunnum, Ked, 24,000; 8 1,200. Dye Stuff per annum to the anidunt of Water Wheels, 3 Turbnios, 7 feet 4 i do 8 liset 4 inches diameter. Steam power, 2 engine Pl'IiKTON OOMPAIVY. .1. 11. Hawyku, Agent. 828. Commoiicod oijcrations 1828. «600,008 "« ::::-::::::::::::::::::::::::::m ■ ■■ .. ■ 695 .vc'd 400 ,d,... 120 ?rweek 130,0fKl ) consumod per week 60,0fK) i made,. .Sheetings, Drillings and Shirtings, Nos. ite Coal per annum (iOO oal per annum 50() r annum ^2,000 I per annum 75,000 1 5 Turbines li MANlTFACTirKINO CJOOTPANY. .Samuel Fay, Agent. 1828. Commenced operations 1828 §2,000,000 ills, 1 Spinning, 1 Carpet, 1 Fine Worsted 12,500 worsted and Wool, 2.816 Cotton . .258 Power Carpet, 124 Cotton, 60 Stuff Goods )yed 1000 •a 460 er week !35,00O yards Carpets, 1-3,000 Sheetings, iff Goods. 1 consumed per week 4000 Wool consumed per week, 63,000 s made Carpets, Sheetnigs and Stuff Goods ite Coal per annum 3,500 oal per annum, 2,000 )er annum '0 r unnum, Kod, 24,000; Sperm, 6,000; Olivd annum to the aninunt of 8100,00*1 3 Turbines, 7 feet 4 inches diameter : I ; 4 inches diameter. 2 engines, 600 horse powf raiDOLESEX COniPANY. O. II. I'EKnY, Agent. Incorporated 1830. Coranioncod operations 1830. Capital Stock $760,000 Number of Mills, 4 and Dyehouses Spindles, 16.400 Looms 250 Broadcloth, 60 Narrow Females employed 320 Males employed 452 Yards, made per week 13,000 6-4, 2,00034, 2,500 Sq. Shawls I'ounds Wool consumed per week, 2.3,(KX) Kind of Goods made, Itroadcloth, Doeskins, Cassimerc and Shawls. Tons Anthracite Coal, 1,500 Bushels Charcoal per annum 600 Cords Wood per annum, 175 Gallons Oil per annum Spindle 1,123, Sperm, 553, Red 16,000, Lard 5,600. Water-wheels 1 Warren Turbine, 6 Breast, 12 & IT ft. Steam Power 1 engine, 80 horse power 1,000,000 Teaslos; 1,300.000 lbs. Fine Wool; 18,000 lbs. Glue; »50,000 worth Dye Stuffs. SUFFOLK iyiANlJFA€TlTRIN» COMPANY. John Wnioiir, Agent. Incorporated 1830. Commenced operations 1832. Capital Stock,. «600,000 Number of Mills, 2 Spindles, 21,532 Looms, 81!) Females employed 625 Males employed 275 Yards made per week 125,000 Pounds Cotton consumed per week, 30,000 Kind of Goods made Jeans, Cotton Flannels, Denims, Sheetings, Shirtings, 14 to 24. Tons Anthracite Coal per annum 1,200 Bushels Charcoal per annum, 1,000 Cords Wood per annum, 20 Gallons Oil per annum 2,000 Sperm Pounds Stach per annum, 60,000 Water Wheels 4 Turbines, 8 feet 4 inches diameter Steam Power, 1 engine, 40O horse power TRERIONT 9IILL8. CHAa. F. Batti.e.1, Agent. Incorporated 1830. Commenced operations 1832. Capital Stock Jii600,00() Number of Mills 2 Number of Spindles 20,!)»io Number of Looms 764 Females employed .500 Males employed 120 Yards made per week 125,000 Pounds Cotton consumed per week 41,000 Kind of Goods made Drillings, Sheetings and Shirtings Tons Anthracite Coal, per annum 8(M) Bushels Charcoal, per annum 400 Gallons Oil per annum 3,000 Pounds Starch per annum 45,000 Water-wheels, 4 Turbines, 8 ft. 4 in., 1, 7 ft. 6 in. diani. LAWRENCE: MANUFACTURING CO. Wm. F. Salmon, Agent. Incorporated 1831. Commenced operations 1833. Capital Stock $1,600,000 Number of Mills, 6 and Dyehouses .Spindles 00,4.S2 Looms, l,56'l Knitting Machines, IftJ Females employed, 1,350 Males employed, .350 Yards made per week. .300,000 Cotton Cloth, 6,000 doz. Hosiery Pounds Cotton consumed per week 110,000 Pounds Wool consumed per week 2,000 Kinds of Goods made Shirting, Sheeting, Printing Cloth. Cotton and Merino Hosiery. Tons Anthracite Coal per annum, 2,000 Bushels Charcoal per annum, 1,6(X) Cords Wood per annum, 60 Gallons Oil per annum, 7,000 Pounds Starch per annum 160,000 Water-wheels, 6 Turbines, 1) ft. , 6 Breat^t 17 ft. BOOTT COTTON miLLS. Wm. a. JJuhke, Agent. Incorporated 1835. C'oramcncoJ opcratiou!^ 18.% Capital Stock i»l,200,0(X) Number of Mills fi .Spindles 73,792 JiUunia 1,878 l"'emale3 employed : — 1.020 Males 200, including mulo f((ndora Yards made per week 360,000 I'ounds (,'otton consumed per week 1()0,(M)0 Kind of Goods made Drillings, JVo. 14: .Sheetings, Sliirt- iugs, I'rinting (;ioth— 30 to 40. Tons Anthracite Coal per annum I.-IOO Bushels Charcoal per annum 800 Cords Wood per annum, • 50 Gallons Oil per annum 8,000 I'ounds Starch per annum 190,000 Water Wheels Turbines, 7 feet 8 inches, and 2 centre vent, improved by Mr. Francis, 9 feet 4 inches diameter ; 1 Warren Turbine. Steam power 1 Engine, 20 horse power niASSAGHVSETTS COTTON ITIIIiliS. FnAjfK r. Battles, Agent. Incorporarcd 18.39. Commenced operations 1840. Capital Stock 8?1,800,000 Number of Mills, Splindlcs 07,872 Looms 1,809 Females employed, 1,.300 Males employed 400 Yards made per week, 510,000 I'ounds of Cotton consunied per week 180,0(K) Kind of Cioods made. ..Shci'tiiigs, Shirtings, DiilliiigK — 12 to 22 Tons Anthracite Coal per iiniiuni 1,300 Uushel.s (Charcoal per annum 800 Cords Wood per annum, 100 Gallons Oil per annum,. i\Ji()0 I'ounds Starch per annum ,. .220,00(i Barrels Flour per annum 40 Water Wheels— (liani., (i Breast, 17 ft. ; 3 Turbines, 10 fl. : 2 do., 9 ft. : 1 do., 7 ft. ; 2 dcf., 5 ft. 9 incl'.os. Steam power 1 Kngine, 200 horse power The statistics of tlio I'rescott Cotton Mills, (Lrastus Boyd- i;n, Sup't.), are included iu those of the Massachusetts, both forming one company. liOlVKLL BliGACHERY. I". 1'. Ai'iT.KTON, Agent. Incorporated 1832. Commenced operations 18.32 Capital Stock $600,000 Number of Mills, 4 Shops, Smithy and Foundry Males pmplovcd, 60(1 Tons Wrouglit Iron consumed per annum 300 Tons (^ist Iron consumed per annum 2,500 I'ons Ste(?l consumed per annum, 3,000 Pounds Brass Composition per annum 20,000 Feet of Lumber per annum ■ 250,(X)0 Kind of (ioods nuide Cotton Slachinery, I'apor Machinery, l..ocomotives, Machinists' Tools, and Jlill Work. Tons Anthracite Coal per aunuin 2,0iM1 Tons Smith's Coal per annum 360 Bushels Charcoal per annum li.OtK) Cords Wood per unimni 300 (jallons Oil |>er annum, 3,500 Water Wheels, 2 Turbines, 6 It. 10 in. diam. : 1 Breast, 13 ft. diam. by 13 ft. long. Machinery complete for a mill of (5,000 spindles can bo furnished in three months. Capital Stock »300,000 Number oi' Mills, 4 and Dyeworks Females employed 40 Males employed 360 Yards Dyed per annum 15,000,()0(; I'ounds Bleached per annum 8,000,000 Tons Anthracite Coal per annum 0,000 Cords Wood per annum 200 Gallons Oil per annum, 2,000 rounds Starch per annum, 1,000,000 Barrels Flour per annum, lOO Water Wheels 1 Warren Turbin(> Steam power 2 Engines, 740 horse power Lo^vELii iwachim: shop. Andrew Moody, Agent. Incorporated 1845. < 'ommenced operations 1846 pcratloiiM 1832 »aoo,ooo md Dyovvorks ' 40 aoo i6,ooo,()0(; 8,000,000 0,000 200 2,000 1,000,000 lOO arrcn Turbiiio horse power P. pcrations 1846 $600,000 and Foundrv cm 300 2,500 3,000 20,000 250,000 Br Jlachincry, 'ork. 2,000 350 li,0(K) 300 3,5a) im. ; 1 JSroajit, 11 bo lurnisliod at U M 91 A It V . Capital Stock !ftl3,650,000 Numl)or of Mills, IS and otiior buililin);H .Spindles, 44S,18() Looms 12,11)9 Females employed, !»,005 Males employed 4,41>2 Yards made per week 2,208,000 cotton ; llt.SOO woollen ; 35,000 carpets; 2,500 shawls; 0,000 doz. hosiery. Pounds Cotton consumed per week 045,0<)0 I'ounds clean Wool consumed per week, i)8,(M)0 Vards Dyed and I'rinted per annum, '14,952.(X)0 Tons Anthracite Coal per annum, 30,200 Busliols Charcoal per annum, ^0,000 Cords Wood per annum 1,775 Gallons Oil per annum 113,370 I'ounds Starch per annum 2,085,000 Harrels Flour jjer annum 1,415 Steam power, .32 engines— 4,426 horse power Wages of females clear of board, per week 1^3.00 to iJS.To Wages of males clear of board, per day, #1 .20 to .S2.00 Medium produce of a loom, No. 14 yarn, yards ])er day, 45 Medium produce of a loom, No. .30 yarn, yards per day 30 Average per spindle, yards i)er day, i; Tim Propriotorn of the LockM uiid CiinaiN on ]nerrlina<'k Rlvor, (.Ia.mks I?. Francis, Apent,) incorporated in 1702, an; the owners and managers of the water power. They have leased to the nianufacturiug com- panies water power amounting in the aggregate to about 10,000 hor.so power. The stock in this company is owned hv the manufacturing companie.s in the same proportions in which they hold the water power. A Hospital is sustained by Ihe several manufacturing corporations, for the comfort and convenience of the sick in their employ. Kxpenses per week— males, Sti; females, :^\. Population of L.o«veli. May, 1805—31,004; polls, 7,754; voters, 5,150. .lannarv, 1800— Males, 15,582; females, 21,204; total, .30,870; polls, 8,701; voters, 5,550. Number of Churches, 22: School Houses, 45; Schools, 67; scholars, 7,000; dwelling houses, 6,324: families, 0,400. Ex- penditures, in 1866, tor school purposes, S10G,552.'J2, which includes the alteration of the High School buildiiisr, at an expense of $28,309.98. BankN or liowoii. OLD LOWKLL NATIONAL, KdWd Tuck, Pros. »200,000 KAILKOAD NATIONAL, S. W. Sticknky, Pros. 800,000 Al'I'LKTON NATIONAL, .John A. Knowlks, Pros. .300,000 I'KFSCOfT NA'I'IONAL, C. IS. Coiilkn, Pres. .3(H),000 WAMK.SIT NATIONAL. Ciiah. Wiiitmsy, Pres. 2(X),000 MKHCIIANT.S' National, Hoou.m IIohfoud, i-res. ,300,000 FIK.ST NAIIONAL, A. P. Donnky, Pres. 250,000 Aggregate Capital, »2,360,009 ITfr-'Four Savings Hanks, aa follows :— Lowell Institution for Saving.s City Institution for .Savings, Lowell Fire Cent Savings, and Mechanics' Savings ISank. They liavo and aggregatu de- posit of about .?1,000,OUO. A'ARIOU$4 EIVTERPKISES. F'rominont in the iwluntrinl branches of Lowell are the follow- in;/ indiriilnalu nndjirmti: CIIASi; MILLS, (A. II. Chask, Proprietor). Completed in tho fall of 18(J5; burnt January 17th, 1800, and rebuilt in spring and summer of same vear. Contains 4,020 spindles, 71 loons and 10 sets of cards. Employ 123 females and 94 males. Manu- facture 350,000 yds. of fancy cassimeres and consume 450,000 lbs. of wool per annum. THE AMERICAN BOLT COMPANY, manufacture railroad, bridge, and otlier bolts, nuts, screws and wasliors, employing ICO men and using 800 to lOOO tons of iron annually. THE BELVIDEKE WOOLLEN MANUFACTUUING CO. Capital, 8200,000. (,harl<>s Stott, Agent. LOWELL GAS LIGHT COMPANY. Capital, i!f200,000 (». E. Cushing, Agent. 1-OWELL HOUSE UAILKOAD COMPANY. Capital, $100,000. .lolin A. Goodwin, Treasurer. CHAHLES A. .STOIT, Flannel Manufacturer. FAl'LKNEK & SON, Flannel Mills. .roiIN HOLT & CO., Pri:.ied Flannels. LIVIXti.'^l'ON .t CAUTEIt. Flannel Manufacturers. ItHHAItO KITSON, Machinery and Card Clothing. .1. C. AVEU A- CO., Patent Medicines, C. P. TALBOT & CO., Chemiciilsand Dves. SAAIUEL CONVEUS, Carriage Manufacturer. UNITED STATES BUNfING JIANUFACTUKING CO. D. W. C. Farrington, Agent. LOWELL FELTINC; MILLS. M. A. .lohnson. Agent. PAPElt AND liATTINti .MILLS of C. B. Kichmond and George Hijili'V \- Co. FIXE PLATED WII!K (i(H)D.«^. Woods, .Sherwood & Co. SPOOL AND I'.OBBIN SHOPS of E. F. Watson and Parker & Cheney. HOU'E & (iOODHL'E, Curd Clothing Manufacturers.