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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clich«. il est film« A partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 6 6 %1 ■V. • .^:.t:.. .1^. COLOiriAL AND INDIAN EXHIBITION. LONDON, 18.se. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF A COLLECTION OF THE ECONOMIC MINERALS OF CANADA nv THE (lEOLOGIC.VL CORPS, ALFRED H. C. 8KL\VYN, C.M.G., LL.I»„ F.R.S., &cj.. Director. LONDON: PHI NT El) HY AL.VBASTEll. P A S S M K E. & SONS. Fann Strket, Aloeksgatk Stkekt, E.G. L.. A 55-1.1 .CI6 \ JSS(!. A 1 r I) • 1. 1 Jlll^ ^1 •^p^i^^pwr » « i] I., \ :// ^ ■^ ^; COLONIAL AND INDIAN EXHIBITION, 1^ T.OXlHiX. issii. DESCnil'TIM-: CATAUHilK X 1 1 < I X : l-KIXTlil. BY AL AD A ST EJi. I'ASSMnKE, .V .s ,., x S, FaXX .SlKEtT, ALMORSiiATL SnUitT, E.G. l.^SO. /,.' (OLOMAL AM) IMHA.N KMIIlilTlOX LoxnoN, ism;. i)i:s(M:ir^rrvi': CA'i\\r/)(ii:i*: 111- A ( iii.i,i:i -i'lcix ni I HI'; kcomdik; m[m;i!.\i,s oi' canada IIY TIIK CHOLOCICAL (OK'TS, AiJ'i;i':i) i;. r. sklwvx. cm.)., lij).. F.iJ.s., >v<'.. WlIIt.F. l•t^.^^■lltilllly ;in .iniidtiti'l i'';ii.ilinni.i of I ;.■ F.'fili"iii!i' Miii'-nilM cf C':\ii;iil;i di^pliiycd ill tlio CaiKuliMii S.'.'ii.iii 111 thii Ciiliiuial iiiid liidi;iu lv\liilii;ii'ii, this imMifatii'U will Iji> fiiuiiil 'ii iiu'luilo i\\«> niiii" aii'l a'Mri'ss nl' tln' i'\!i'liit"r "f ".'I'li -ii.'iM'ni'n i n .tii.-t nil 'Oiiii' in'iii'iMl.-i 1111(1 fi'fhs "f iiurcly si'ii'titilli- iiiti'ri'>t, 'I'ln - 1,1, 1.' -.1 npiM-iliv t1i;it thi' from wliii'h tlio Miii-ciiiu'ii was nliiMiin'il. mi'l in ui wliii-li till' i'x!iilitt oi'i'tifs is tilsii s;iilni|. I' iii.y oa.-i'> tlii< g('i.li.j.'i<'iil li'iiuatiiiii in liii:: tlii> Milionlinuto iirraiii,'ouu'iit .'Oi)!,'v:ipl)i('al, till) I'xliiliit-' lii'iii:: "11 iiiiu'rati'il as iicavly as [ni^siMi' in nnlcf fruiii west lliii'l' I'ilOll lli'll til oa^t liy iiviiviiii' follows : — llritish Cnluiiiliiii (R.C). N'.irtli-Wc-t Tonitmi.'N (N'.W. T ), Manitiilia (Man ). i hilaii (M.i, (ju-. 11^ N'l. it'll- Ivi-t :Ti!orv lii CN.K.T). N. ' if till unswu'k (,.\.l'..,\ I'lllir.' I'.il'.vanI l-laml (IM-iJ.*. N-va S^tia {.\.S.). Nilin" nt tlio liivsiTijitivc jiai-a.^'rajiiis ar" ailnpti''!, with a Utile all.Tatii'i, Iroiii tlu' Catiilo-Clic prciuiri'il for till' Iiiti'i'iiatimial I'-xhihilimi at riiilaili'ljihiii ils7ii ; otln'vs aii' fmuj tho CatalugUL' i1"H Miiii'iMnx. Kiii'lii's. (,'ti\, iiri'pai-i"! f'li- tin' Paris Kxlihitinn ( lS7s). 'I'ho nnmial Rojinrts i f ProLrrcss lift hi' ih" loLtical Survey have al,-n h.en ouii.-ulted. while many inlilitiniial facts m t hefore |)"i1>lisheil have h 'cn iiilileil. S[ieeiiiiens which have Ir'en ohtained hy the •! 'iilnirical (.'iii']is are in snnui inslani'es freiliteil to the owners i.f the ]iiM]n'rtios I'mm which they come. The li>ii;:tli of 111 • ii'lid's iiiu-t n.'! ill all cases lie i.ceeilcil as inilirati\e of the rel itivc niiiiertance o| the ilcposiis te which they refer, the time availahlo for the jireparatieii of the catalo.ruo not Uaviii; heoii sulliei 'lit {••> eiiahl • t'.e matter to he fully systeinati/.oil, Mill it lieiiiu' iimiossihle, in m.'-t cases, to ohlaiii slalisli.'al ii.fiirmatioii. CLASSIFICATION. I. Mr.iAi.s AM) iiiiciii Oui:s ... .. ... ... 17 II ^lAl i-.KiAi.s rsi:ii IN TiiK PiK-nrcnoN of Hi Ar aM) f.iimr .. ils III. .\llNKIiAI.S Ml'! I.: Kill. K ID OF.UTAIS ('itlOMIl'VL M ANIFAC 11 UES A.Sl) TlliMii Pi;i)i>rcis (^Sii o/.^o iiii(f' /■ / \',) .,. ... ... ^;) IV. .MlNil;vl. MaNIIU.S (.S< (/Aso ««./(;• ///,) X\ V, MiNKiiAi. I'ii;mi;nts ... ... ... ... jii;! vl. Salt. Pkisks, and Mini uai. Watfu.s .. in; Vn. MAnaiiAi.s ai'I'i.k aih.i; ro C'ommmn ami DKCnitAiivi; ('ussiui ltius PM VIII. RkFUAITOUV .\1a' LIlIAl.S .. ... l.'iU IX. Ma1I;I!IAI,s For . ^^allg,■^Ilit(; 111. Siibiiito 17. Pyrolusito is. lircci'iated vciiistonu 111. <;iuilciiiiyiito and Boriiito '-'K. Chalcocito -I. ."silver oro -'■-'. Hciii.-.tito •->:'. Xativ,' silv,r -1. Xativo coppor ... •JO. 31). yi. 3:(. 31. Pyii'Iii^ito Cnpiier on> (Rrocci.i) Mail.k'.^ Cliioiiiic iron on^ Clironiic iron oro Chromic iron ore Ilnienito .Sciap^tono... Bill,' iron ore iragni'silo JragiiLtifi' ... X'lrth Itur;,'osM, i >. ... Mount Ilr.ily, O. ... I)ortIir.st(.'r .■Minify, .\.|; ^rirnmra, ( ). ... Un-i», (), ■■. V"Vt irnjii., DC ... Virt.>r:a(';,ii,., r.aki.. .S,|,,,niir, ( >. ... Xi'iiliin^;. Lake .Siii„.ii,,r, (.). ... TmlMr, ( ). ■•• LhUv Wlia!,. |;iv,T. X.i:.T. '." ... LittI,. Wlia!,. Kivir, X.i;,T. •.• (lanlrn l;iver, Lakr Sii].' ri.ir, i ). ... " Isl.maXn. J, ••.si|v,,rr,,l<,.. ().,.. - Liltlo I'i,. Isl,„|, L,k,.. S,..' prriiir, < >, ■•■ JFa-dalrii Isl.in.U. (^ ... I'nii. ... Canada ... ."^liick-sh'^ck MoiiiitaJn-, 1,1. ... liolton, . ... I'otton, i) ... Vaudrciiil, ',). ... Sutton, (J. ... ... Qiiccn Charlotie Sound, L.O, I'A'tK |oi 'I.I 13 1; r> I'i 17 ■)i '»i; '.ij 'Is "'1 |M II I -'7 3.' 'I.') is 3 n 7 0^ .// i.vhi:\ TO ,sn:ci\ii:.vs i;\iiiiiiri;it f .')'.. S]riiil;ir ii'oii ,,!■, I'AitK •"". Sjm;CI||;11' il'Ol. •'.'' M,'i;.riictifc In. Ilolllitu ... 11. I'of.-toiio I.' ( 'liiiltii]iyiitt' I . Ilrliiatitt' II. Saiii|,>l:itc 70. .Vpiltitr 77. I'yrohisito 7>. >r:lgin.titc' 7.'. M;iguetitu >"'. M:ij^iit'tilo -■1. iri'iiiatitc' ^J. JIagiiftiti.' Nu M:i^,MietitL' M. Ma^'iietitu life .. It'JIMIl V.Jj.V, (IliyNlhirOMH h c'liiiity, N.S ;il ... Ti'iM)ilit()ii iiiiil Hull, (J 'Js ... Mailcii', (1 •Jll .. 'J'iMi,l,i M:in,|, !(.(.' 17 . . n.iivry Hill Milif, Lcfils, il 12 .. li'.ltoM, 1} ... . l.'i:> ■ .. liohd [,aki , F.ik. Unroll, O M ... Mc.V.il., II .1" ... MoUri'lti's (.Vni'.'i's, <) l.-.ii ... Cal(d"ii, (». 11.^ ... ( al.'.liiii. (1. ll.s ■ Tiairlmv, ( » mil ... Kiiii.'>-ttiii. ( 1 110 .. Kingston, ( ». llu .. 'IV.xa.lii Islan 1. 11. li."i .South 1^1 ll- . 1,1 ll;i Toront.>, 1 ). U.') Cap 1 TAiolf, n. Uii W-illa.st.n, (1 .'1 North Uurgcsi, U. U,:) I'oi-tianJ, (,i fl liankin Hill. 1,1 lo7 ^Vak<.■li.J;.l, 1,! ',1:; I.'xli L.iiaon.l. (aiioBret.^n, \..S. < 1" lil^iirton, lit'lmont, l!l 'ii lirtoM. lieliaout, U i:» iJl.iirton. iK'luioiit, 1.) ]'i Bl:urt..)n. llehiMut, O iilairton, Kluhnout, (.) ]■' Blairton, Dilniout, lo Dhiirtou, Bchuout, 0. ... 1!l f i.NiiiA I'd >i i;( iMi Ns i;\iiii I ri i». >■') NT, ss Sll. '>2. l»:t. HI. w. . If.lll.itltr Il'lintitr MuSdiViti' Awlll ■*tll-) N';lliVf' i'ii|i|ii;r (■li;ilr.i]iyritc Ai(iiniiti' Ai'iitito Al'Mtitl' Steam colli Iloiiiatitii ^r^^;ln.■tito ^7. liuniiti' '.IS. .'. < lyp.-^uin ... rjO. (.'halcoiij-rite 127. AjKititu I-JN. AputHc 120. Asbostus i:;0. Bricks, .\:c l.'ll. Asbe.'itus 1 •!'-'. .'^clii-t from wall of vein (soe l;j:l. Avsoincjl pj-ritos (auriferous) \:y.y ... lMlllo)it. M ... llfluiolit, (I. ... VilhliellVi', i,ir. Il.r. ... Cnnvii Mine, .\-( ..t, 'i ... Vital Cre.k. II C ... Tenipji t.iii, I J ... lliiekiiuliaiii. I j ,,. Xiui.iimo, ]],(' ... ."l|e Maliil, B.C ... Kin;,'stoii, It, ... Ijuceli (.■harl.'lte I-laiiils, H.C. ... Kooluney J.:ike. V,X' ... T.Mida l-la:.'l. il.C ... Kukcsail.ili luMr, li.C ... Xiuiaiiuo, 111 '. ,. ... XaiiaiiiM, li.C ... Vaiir(;uv( r 1-' iihl, r..C. ... liiinis Mount. liti, (..'ariboo, li.C. . ... lle.Uol.l, < ). M, I rklia 111 villi ■.Kind's count y,N. Is. ... .^leWial ke, \ > ... Mcli, ine Hal, N.W.T ... Ac,i.i::i Mill, s rictoii, .v.s. Liui.'kinj^li nil. < i. ... ... Lake .Sup rinr. i > l!uckiiii.'!i:;m, I J. ... ... Xova .Set;, I ... Sprin-liill. < 'iniil'i: laiiil .ouiity, X.S ... Montreal, i >. ... Luko Siipcri.ir, <0 ... Salmnn l;iv.r. X'.S. ... < >n.slu\v, 1 'ol. hc-ier county, X.S. ... r...lt.,n, li ... Tliutf..r.l, IJ. (Iriin.l i;;v. r, ... !!..It..ii. i> ... r.jiin.icti'ii. IJ ... Ttinpl. t-ii, IJ. , , ... Th.'ti.n'.l. ij ... (lint. .11. ■ I. ... Danville, ij. .. !\rariiii.i-a, ' t. Maiiii'.i 1. ' t. I'AiH-: - i -'7 l.Vi l.'.'l II i:i 'i;i o| 71 '■'I'l I' llo I J:S 10 l> 10 •io |o I |...; .11 ■|'.» l.')2 I.').'. li 'Xi 03 l.Vi 111 1.'..') 0' i VI NO. '■N-'>i:.\ TO .SJ-BCI.MEN.S i..VllIlJlTEl>. '■•■■' ('''"i'''-Mtr,.tc.( silver on '■'''. /iuc ;,],.„ I,. '-"■ '■-•ii:.lc,r vri(,, *.'' _■ ' '"^' l-ioi'iiit. '•!''. '-•),,, lc.,i,yWr,. .,'. II''. AjMfit,, ... "!■ ^ra-notit. "' "^ ' '-'■ Hoiiiatit.;' "J XativoC„,,j,„,. .„ 1)^ AiMli;. ... ll-'- r.iiiir-r .|„, '■''■ Lin..3r..;.o ''' '■■'-■ Liines'.u.. ,'_ '•'■■ Li:iio,t':':ie '•''''■ i'oioi„:t,..., '■'i ■ Liiiifjst 'iie '•■>-. Li!ao-tr,i„. '•''•'• Lime-Tviio '''"■ lirH'k-. vp 1':^- lirick :,v I'^J l;nrk,!iy ^^^ I'''- f'i:i!!i til.s. ,Vr. ... ";;_■ r-i'.K.t..,..a,„lli„„, '''■■ Liai.t Mr uulli,,,,. !"'■■ CoiiiL'!,t and cock ui.iimiaotuivd '_'' Limcton,, ui,.] li,„ ''-'■ '■■liviii ... 171. (ill..!.... ''■'• L:;,'iii;o coal I'l'- Brick-., .vc. 177. lirick^. \-c. 17v Hricks, .vc. 17:^ Ma-ii-ta.. fi'oiji wliicli it i.s ••• L'cds, (i ••• .(>. , ['[ ■ Kamsay, (».... • Lanark. (»..,. ■ Ilort in. I ). ... • Itanisay, () Litcli;i('lil, (I Ueckuurth, (I Ilnll, (,). Ilnll. <^ Litch icM, (I I'cnilrrokf. (». Ottawa, O. '=>f'iH'or.l, (».... ]5cck\vi!li, (). I'fnilirike, (). liamsay, ()..., MeXab O. ... iridi. (). K(JSS, (». Lanark, O. I'.UiK i')0 •1.') II •J.') .'jO ;•!!' ■■• IVc|ie,in, ( ), .. ■■• MeXab, (I. ... ['_ • ■■ Horton, ( I. ., •■ Chats Island. Fitzroy, t, ■■ TJri.stol, (I ■■ Ilidl, (,). •■ •'^:l^katche\van river, X.W.T. • Ilainilton, (), ■ Lonilou, '). • Kiii3;st .n, (). • U'ollastoji, ' 110 111 Il!l II.-) Ill 111 111 111 117 llo 117 117 n; 117 i;;;) l;i!) l;;s Mil l."0 (7 .'1 I.'.) 7.) Ill i ;;; 11 ; 21 i.vi) .\ T.) si'KOi^[!:.\s i:x'rii!iT!-',i). V.l NO ISO . Clwi'copyritc isi . Bricks, \-c. IS: . lii-i.'ks, vVrc. Is • iiri.'ks .Vc. l>i . iiricks, ^:c. !■>.') • liri.-ka, \,;. 1H(, . Dr.tiii tiles 1S7 • lincks, ,^c. l>s ■ Shull marl IS • l»raiii tilos, \c. I'll) . Itrieks, \-e. l:il . Urick-i. \-c. r.i.' . lirioks, \-c. !'!.; . liricks \-c. i;ii Iviin ochre r.).-, Lilll-U LiiiH'stdue ami 1 •ii).) lirick clay -MI Lim'-t.jau ■jDj Liiu ■stjue ■JIH 'iraiiiti' ... -i>n Saii(l>tuue ■-'!)■) Lia.'stjiio ■-'II '. li 'iiss-laji-itc . ■^117. Siadsbouu 2'N. .Sau'lstoiie ■iO'J, Graaito ... 210. Liiii ■stouo 211. Bricks, ^:c. 212. Bricks, Ov;c. 21:,. I'.ricks, ,\:c. 21 1. Biickclay 21."). Jiricks, ^:c. 21 il. Brick.-', A;c. 217. Dram tiles -■IS. Bricks, kc. 2ri. CiiMMiic iron inv 2.0. Laiiostouc 221. Kaolin y 1 > Liai 'stouc 22:; Liaioiiitc 2.1. Ma-uetitc 22.'i. Hraiii tiles ' 't . Bricks, i;-'. -~i . Bri.ks, .Vc. 22s. D'Miu tile- Aiiti;,Miii-li, X.S . TilsiialjurLC, O . Bcrtio, (» . Bcrtiv, M . llall.)',vdl, . Br, lit, O. ... , Br. at, o . l'"it I'li-iii, . IM.cl ic, <» . Blaiichard, i» . St. rii:>aias, I ) , JIiilllcsc.\. . Mi.Mlesc.x, K'^nyoa, '»..,. . Hull, IJ . Pakcaliaiii, (> (Iraivillc, 'i Tact ford, (>. Wstai ii'Iaail (■ juaty, X.B. l)ill-^\v/,l, M MatiMa. M 1)U l<',V.:!l, 'i Dul.sw !1, (,( Wakc.icM, "i CuMiitoii 'inarry, Pictna Cfiauty, ?N.S [,, U ihw.li, ij Hail, i BrooklicM, Col;!icstorcuuufy, X.:^ Piliiicrst(.)a, () L-ju lo]i, () Ot .aa'ijc, "(tillage.'. I ) Bamiuct, O. It Uo 111 lit 1111 Ito li:i ll'j M2 lio 1 12 112 1 12 US \m 111 IMI l.'Xi 1211 l:i!) 117 111 111 121 122 111 lii; '21 121 121 111 117 ll'i llo 11) 117 lla II ; in in ;;3 22 ; 1 ; ir. ii.'i 112 VI 11 INDKX TO Sl'ECI.MKXS E.XHIBITKn. NO. '^■2U. DrickH, i:e ■i 0. Drain tili >, \c -■1. Liiiiostoiie -•ii. Limostniie 'J."."i. Liibradorite n.ik ■.•:)i. Ciioihs ■J;;'). ,Scrii,(.;ite 2;ii;. liricks, Are. •J:i7. Bricks, .Vc. •-':!'^. Hrirks, \-r 2:.:*. Ilcniafito -Mil. Magiiutitc 2)1. Cop, or pyrites -I--', :^r,'ll;l,ditl: -I-'. Mi'iirj^liLuiti; '-'11. Iron ocl.rc -)'i. Iron f.vcluv -1('. Iron odirt . . 'J17. Iriin iiclir', -l'^. ri.'i:s. Iron oihre '■I'i'.K Iron oclire 2('l). riuiiibago -0\. uold luid Silvur or.'.s ... 2(;2. IJriokr', \-i 2(lo. llirih' 2()4. Linic^fonci and lime ... 2'!.). Linn.'.-'toiio and liniv ... 2011. Gold 207. Gold 20S. Magnetite 201). Duloniile 270. Lal:radoriti' rock 271. Dol'jiuitu 27.2. .SamUtom; 27-). Ilcniatitu 271. Ma^'nctite 27''. Ma^^nutitu 270. Slate 277. ^fil,L;nctite 27s. Hi.ia:iti1e PACtE . liawdon, 0. . IIG .\i;inCMurt, () lb) La ( 'liovrotirrc, (>. , ]i;j .>t. Valentino, Marmora, (). 0:i r.iinte dn Lae, Q 10:i Capde la Madelaiue, Q 101 Cap de la Madelaine, (} 101 Ste. .Viine lie Moutmoronci, (j. ... liil Cap de la Madelaine, *i liil Ca])de la Madelaine, Q HU Tointe du Lac, Q lllo Cap de la Madelaine (j 101 Blandford, Q Hi:; Montmoreuoy Fall.-i, ij 101 Montmorency Falls, (J. ., lol I'ointe du Lac, (i io:{ Klizaliethtown, ('. S',1 Piidsey's Point, X.S 101 I'ointe du Lac, L'Acadie, ,St. .Tohn, s Aldtleld,(j 110 New (ilasgow, (i. 127 Anderdon, (J. 11.-) Gloucester county, N.B 120 ^ladoc, 27 Madoc, (J. ... ■l-.i Madoc, (.) 'l-i ^Lidoc, (> V'l Te.xada Island, B.C IS Sutton, (J..,. 2S iXDKX TO snx'niKNS r.xirnuTKi). IX Xo. 27'..'. :^^ai,'llotitL' ■J8!t. Magnutito •isl. Honuitite 2 Si. Soaii>tiur is:!. Cliroiaic iruii on; 2S1. .^rasuutiK' is.'). Ma.:,nietiti; iSii. A^bostus 'JS7. Liir.L'stciiii' iNS. Coal is<). Bricks, .Vc. ilHi. lii-irks, \-<'. ■I'.n. Trii.olito i!)i. Tripolito i!i:i. Tripolitf ■I'.n. Bricks, \-i\ i'.i.'i. Bricks, .v. i'JiK Bricks. \c. il)7. Bricks, \-c. ills. Sauilstoiic i!i'.>. Mica oHO. Apiititc :;iil. Salt 3ii. Liiuostoue au'l liiue :',o;i. Salt ;'.iil. Saiulstone :;ii.'). Sainlstouo :ior>. .Saii'lstoue ■M)7. Sainlstiiiic :iiis, Dolomite :!(I0. Limestone :il(l. Dolomite :ill. Samlstnue :ni. Saiulstone :iri. Drain tiles, A;c.. . :UI. Mica Rock :n:.. Asliestus :;i(;. Liiiicstoiie and linn :n7. Apatite :US. Bricks, A:c. :no. Samlstoiie ;5io. Sandstone ;sii. Sandstone :Jii. Sandstone . . ;^i:i. Tiiinestoue :iil, , Linio;^tone :^i.') . Silver-Lrlanco ... ■i'li'i. Scrpcntino' Five Islands N.S Kiliariny, Lake Huron, O. Jacksontown, Carleton, N.B. ... Wi.lfstown, (J Wohstuwn, (> Bai,'nt, II. ((Jalaliof^icSIiuinfrCo.) Baijot, < ». (CalaLo.,ne Mining Co.) Thetford, (I Kingston, ( '. Saaquash. Vancouver Island, B.C. St. J.ihu, X.l! Avonport, King's county, N.S. Cumberland county, X. S. King's county, X.B. Merigonisli, Pictoii county, X.S. Sussex, X.B. Fredca'icton, X.B. Moncton.X.B X'elson, Xorthmubcrlan.l county, X.B Yerte Hand, Lake Sup.rior, <>.... Cape Xorth, X.S Portland West, (j Warwick. C'dborne, O. Port Franks, Bosannuet, (». Pictou county, X..S. Pictou county, X.S. Cumberland county, X.S. Cumberland comity, X'.S. INIingan Islands, fj. Pointe aux Trembles, (i ("iuoboc, (i St. Simon, Q. Cap A I'Aigle, Q Canning, King's county, X'.S. ... Shipton, Q Thetford, <1 Winchester, O Storrington, O P.irkhill, () Vancouver Islaml, B.C. Xauainio, B.C. X'anaimo, B.C Broughtou Strait, B.C Madoc, Tex idi Island, B.C Piabbit Mountain, Lake Superior O . Orford, (i. . rACJE i.') r.i is l.'ii '.17 ■s.i i;i loC, no 72 ii'.i 110 l.')S l.')S l.')S 11',) lis 11'.) IIS lis l.jl '.11 107 PSS 107 121 121 121 121 IM 111 llti 110 ll!l 110 !•'):! l.jO i;is 0.') 112 117 117 ip; 117 no 10) PU « X NO. ;J27 ;i2,s, ■i-i'j. ■■l:il. .'J;l'. ■■J.; I. •i'iO. ■■■j". • .JN. .■);:;. •■;ii. •'ij. •wy. :;n. ■M."). :.'17. ;ioi. •") i. o')I. '■)■'}■'). ;i.')0. 'i">7. ;j.')S. ;;.')!). .'ICil. o02. olio. ;i(ii. ;,:<;.'). yo?. :m. IXDEX T(i Marblo Magiiijfitu Litnestoiio •AiKifite ... Liiiicstiiuc Liiiicstoui; rud iiiuf ,. Litliogi-iilihic st.jiic Urauitu Maj^nictitu Alagiictitc Magiiuiitu Misi>i(;kul (auritoiMus;, MagiiL'titu Mairiicfifo MagM,;f;t(.. Liiiu'stoue ■Sauilslouij Saiitlstoiii' Ma,-urtitu Pyritu^ ... Xalivi' cojppi.T ... Xativt! co^.pLr .,. Bi,siiiiilhc!iite ... Coal Jrarbl,. Marl.le Mai-l.I,. Marblu '. MarMr I'orpliyiy Liinest'iii. i.oiij.'li'iii r-t. Jraibli' . Ma Ale Mai-Mc MarbK. Lith'jgrajihii' stuin' ... ■Syi'iiito 'iraiiitf ... Jaspc'i' coiiglonurati.- ... Marble ... M.irbk. AiiR'tliy-liiK' nuart./, ... ;i71. Maiblu 372. I'lunibago. \-t. i,a-i; 37y. Marbk. :i7l. Maibk- ■X'LME.V.S K.\IIIl;llS-;i). .. T.Mili Maud, li.C. .. AM'ot, (i . Hull, W Ijuckiugliaii], ' • . Madof, O . I{aiii>ay. ( ) . IlarvLy, (I . St. J.isrpll. licaufc, . Oip l{oK,-e. (J Pict .ai ( aiiity, X..'< Dai-Iiii-, <) Dai-bii-, O Da^lil]^^ (). Bi-itish C"Iu:abia Michipic itoulsl.iud. Lako Su]ier ior, O Tudor. I > I'liion MiiK', (.'oiiiox, B.C. Vancouver Island, li.C H-rt m, O Cavuvilk'. (}, ,. Hull, (J Lanark. () (iri'uvdlr. li.irrii, (I liarrie. (> Mad.if, () f ireuviilf, (j. Jiarn.sfiui (j. Bruce Mints, Lake Huron, «.). ... Naiiainjo. B.C Texada I-laud, B.C Amethyst H'arbuur, Lakr Supi r- kir, O. lied i;.ek. Lake .Supirior, O. Buekiii-lauii, Q Montreal. (,> Terrekmne, ii TAOE I'JH 21 LiO !)1 12N Vo'.i li;o 12.') 21 21 21 tv.i •)•> 22 22 117 11:; 11 :» 121 2.'! 23 x'.i 37 07 70 127 12-^ l.il 12;» Kill 1 l-.y.i 120 lyo 130 Ivd ICI) 121 121 1G2 127 12^ KUl 1 2,s l.',o 132 132 mm I l.NDHX TO STKClMKN's KXlllIil rKl). NO. :)7i;, :i77. ;^7s. ;J7ii. :i,sii. .'isi. :i8.>. ;is:i. ;'si. Ssc. 3S7. 3.SS. 3sa 390. 3!>I. 302. .'ill:;. 3;)!. .30.V 3'.n;. 3! IS. 3'.i'.i. K) ). ■liil. KM. 1(1.'). in:;. I'i7. -KIS. I )'X ■110. 4il. li-J. 41:;. 411. llv 41:;. 417. 4 IS. i;;i. 421. i.:;. 424. Hrecci.i Marl.lr Alhito r.Tthit" ( iyji-^uiu Siiiid.^t -ik; .\l..it:t(.' M;i,/nvtite Ffi>]inr .. Silt ■'^ulfuitu ... Suriioiitiuo Mai-lil,. Marlile Ai.fhrai>itu Ma,,'ue!itu G')kl s;ieriiu.-'ii-i ^I -:;'.i; CirauitL' Aiuitit.j M.iyiictit.j Eo/ooii Caiui'lous'j (Iii-r;ii; . Ai'.ju Tito ^.Silvor am i!,.;-aiii; , Imliyii carviiiys ryrrliutite Apatite I'\ raiuiil '>i oics Ai-ycnfil'el-ou.s ores Silver oi'ts f 'abiuet 1)1 luiaerals ... i-iold and silver ore- ... CJaleiia Xative eo[i;ior ... ... , StoiK,' iiii|)leiu"iits ... , Ai!ietliy-t .V-ate "Lrowu silver ore" ... Coueretion-^ • Juart/. Soil /aiieblen',.' Ileinatito .Silver-ylaiice Silver-glaiiee ... Silver glance Silver ,j;laiiee Aruoutlferoiis ores Argeiitil'eruus eoppi-r gla'iee Xative silver and arg aitite Aryenlilerou.s oru.s .Vi'i^entilerous ores Balliiiae Isl iiid-, li.C St. Aiidr.' Av.4iii, , <") Antie-jsti Maiiil, 1 1 BaulV Miae, X.W.r Leeds, (J Canada Kiu.^-it 111, < ). Sebasto;ii)l, Ueul're.v, I ). ... Bii-rie, O Petito Xati .11, (i Cas^i.ir, n.C (jiU'Cii Charlctte Isla.uls, li.L'. ... :ialwe, (I Xoitli Bui'gi3ss, O Xorth shure of L.ake Superior, i >. Port .Vrtliur, Lake Siijierior, ( ». Silver Islet, Lake Superior, I >. ... Xortli shore of Lake Supi-rior, ( i. Thunder Bay, Lake Suiie'rior, O. Thunder B;iy, Lake Superior, (J. Thmider Bay, Tiake S iperior, (4. Xorth shore of Lake Superior, (). Xorth sh'ire of Lake Sup'.'rior, i ». Thunder ISay, Lake Superior, < >. Little Pie, Lake Superior, <). ... Xorth sliore of Lake Superior, <). Xorth shore of Lake Superior, O. Port Arthur, Lake Superinr, d. Xorlh shore of Lake Supeii jr, ( '. Tiiundor Bay, Lake Superior, O. Thunder Bay, Lake Superior, (>. Xorth shore of Lake Superior, ( ). Thunder Bay, Lake Superior, <•. Xorlh Slmix' of Liike Superior, > ». Thunder Bay, Lake Superior,'!. Sjiar Island, Lake Superior, <4.... Tiumder Tiay, Like Superior, (». Thunder B.iy, Lake Superior, O. Port Arthur, Lake Sujierior, O. XI Aoi; i:i'i 111 ir,2 l.;2 lol 120 ',i:i 20 Ici; 107 Ml l:|.') l.;o Ml (;;i 2.') I'.i 107 so 0.') lo.'. .■|2 .')0 ii;.') (11 lo :,0 lliS 10:; lo:; ol 10,) M;i loi; saw .Nil INDIA TO SI'KCIMK.V. KXHiniTKI). NO. 12.'). Indian arrow iLa.l., \- l-'ii. Aiirifuroiis iiuarti', 1-7. -Vnril'i'roiis (iiart/ r.'.S. (h'.ar.ito ... 129. Onnitt. ... i:iO, (h-auitf ... I'll. (Iranito ... y>2. (ir.init,! ... 1 '.i. Gram't.' ... lil. .SjiMiite l^i'). C:iljii|i't Mt' iriiti ■ril.< . 1*1. Pl.itiiiinii I:i7. Coal i:W. Oohro ... i:)!>. aalona ... iio, Fo.ssil Plant III. C,K,\ 112. Coal ll'J. Coal 111. Cial Hi. Coal 11^'. Coal 117. Coal fl>. Co.al il'.i. Carlioiuforous i'.jssils liO. Coal I'll. Coal I')2. Coal l.');i. Coal I'll. .Spathic iron oru 4.').'>. .'^pooular iron ore l')''i. Linionite l')7. Iloniatifo 1').'^. Hematite l')l>. Homatito t(ii>. Siiecular iron ore l:il. .Snecuhir iron i)re r.vci ;■: ... Xorth .Sliorc ot L ik'.' ."^iiiperior, < ». l'l-< Xova .'>eot;ia . , ... ... il.'i ... Lake o)- til.! Wooil.s, .;i ... ForsythVs Island, () 12 i ... ."itan.stoiid, (i 121 ... Intiuv-olonial R:iihvay ... ... !2') Y.iniaska Mnunlain, ... Intern itional Mine, Cape Breton, X..S ... (io'.vrie Mines, Ciipo Breton, X.S ... Old lirid'^'eiport. Cape Breton, X.S ... Sydney Mine.s. Cape Breton, X.S ... Low Point ^[ine. Cape Breton, X.S ... Lin.!,'an:\Iine, Capo Breton, X.S... . . . Pii.'si.'rve ^rine, C.-qie Breton, X". S. . . ... Little (ilacc Bay, Cape Breton, ^'•S• ... ' S2 ... Cowrie Mine, Cap,. Bret on, X'.S... liiii ... .Ii'^i^ins, Ciunherlaud county, >^-S 77 ... Albion :!dine-'-^ .".. 7') ... Vale Colliery, Pietou county, X.S. ... Intercolonial Mine, Pietou, X'.S... ... Sutherland's Uiver, Pietoucountv, X..S '.. ... Lease 2:), Pietou county, X'.S. ... ... Sprin^'villu, Pietou county, X.S. ... Lease :!2, Pietou county, .\.S. ... ... Ii Si) SO SI SI 7') 7^ .'if, .11 1 2!) /7 INDEX TO SI'KCIMICNS KXIIIUITED. XIU NO. 1 .J. ILinafito {'i'.'}. Specular ivoii oru 4iil. Iron ami iron ore-; Ki'). ho'^ iron or-j '|i; .. (.tiMuit.' MT. rurjiliyfy l'.->. rWatu i';o. Agato aii'l J.i-pi.r ■17(i. rVitrok'niii, \i' 171. (ialrlia 172. M.arbic 17.i. (iypSllTU i7i. CUiLU'opyi'iti', ,Vl. 17'i. MangaiKJso nv.' ... 17ii. Aiiriforous (luai't/ 177. Stibnitc 17-. (iypsuni 17'.'. Lhalropyrito ... }.>> 1. Cabinet ol niiui.'rals l^l. Mi.'.a 1>2. Chak'iipyrit-j {<,. A-bi;stus I-.!. Maibli! l■^.'). Concvi'tionary linicsti !>'■■. LabraJoiit.j 1-7. (.iyp>inn ISS. Auril'i'i' iii-i iiuavl/ iv^ Asbi-stu-i -[':■■<. Auriirr'iii~ lUiivi m I'M. Marble m. M.irblo v.y,. S'.r;ientin> 'a-r'} i'.n. Marl lie VM. , S. rpentin ■ I'.K. Whetstones !'.'7. Wuct-ton-?s r.i^. ^.•laatit.' I'.Mi, Iron oehre .'ii 1' 1 . Clay iron-t 'ne ... •Mil. Sand-stun.' .'i tJ. Linieston.' .") lo. Stibnite, et.' .■)ill. Cullietion oi minerals .Vl.'i C.-kl .'vl . Wilsonite ■'I'C Cliak'eJ'jnic pebbles .'ill-. ■fasper pebbles ... •■)!)' •. Lignite Coal ... •')!', . Coal I'.VOE Sydney, Cape Breton, N'.S. 31 .St. Peter's, Cape Breton, N.S. . :il Loni.londi,'rry, N.S. ai Liverpool, X.S 3;i Jarvis Islet, U.C 122 Cliatluini, O 101 Miehipicoten Island, Lake Su- jiorinr, ()..., 101 Bay of I-'unily, X.S. 101 London, < • ,sl ShnbenacadiOjHautscounty, X.S. Is JLirblc! ^Monntaiu, N.S Ml Slmbenaeadie, X.S. lol Coxlieatli, Cape Br.'ton, X.S. ... 11 Spriir^ville, X.S. ... :'7 Moutaeni'. X.S Ii.') liawdon, TLmts connty, X.S. . 1)0 ?Loinit Windsor, X.S p)0 Anti^'oni li, X.S ... 1.; Xova Se'itia ir,.-) Miealldl, Cap.' Brebin, X.S. ... loi Collej;e L.ike, Antiii'onish, X.S.... ■1., (Jliebee, 'J 1 ;■).') Cape Breton, X.S i;;i Xew < llas^ow, X.S. ii.'i Labridoi' 101 Mo, lut Windsor, X.S ion Hiie'en's county, X.S I).") Tiiettord, 'i l.V) B.'diord, X.S Oil B ui'row, TI >rt .>n, 1 1 1211 Ir.iusides, Hull, IJ bill Tenipleton, ir. ()IS. .")!!» ■)20. INDKX TO SPKCIMKXS KXIIliirri. p. •j-'l. •v.'i. •')2(i. ^r.irl/Io coal K;i()liii ' ■yii-iiiiii Coal r.iinc-ifoiii! '■I'liiiito ... • Wlif.fstnn, s I'ii't' L'',iy I'luml);ij^o ^riiyiasito .Vativ('orinct.M,i.jcirou •';isj)or ... Liiiio Slu'll in.'irl Alu'ltito ■>-7. .')2S. "i.'iO. •■):il. r.;i.3. ■');!!. .').■!(',. •')■■) 7. •')ii ■ifA ol4, .')).'), ■jin, •''17. ■'>i ■"^ycnito ^rnffiictifo Arsciifit'prous oro.s Ai'i^-.Mitiforoii.s oros ■ Argoiitiforrms nn's • Ar;,'oii(ifornii.« on.'s Aru.'cM(ifoi'oiisoros Ar;;i>iitiforousorc's Ai'-eiitiforous aiul .■luniorous pyrites Aui'iforous ores... AiirilV'i-'.iiis ores... Auriferous ores... Auriferous ores... Auriferous ]ijTites Mica ... ... ■■■ ('r.'iiiito ... LiiiHsfoiie and lime Sandstone ''fiinite *iranife ... • r.iniostono '• Specular iron ore • ■• Arnpri..!', o. •• U'untwurdi. Hants founfy, \,S. •• Three Drouks, Vief,,|.i,.|^ \. II Victoiiii, I I.e. ■• •Shiiiffin, (^ •• •'~'!. •riiim K'ivrr, \. li • • Kin,L,-liy, (J. • •Toiicttc, (j • TortliuMl, X.lj • Tjoltnn, (i • M;i '!■_' l.-,:j I'-'.' l:;s 117 IL'J 1 -J J |e"l Bis Ml Cll llO 'il .all INhKX TO SIT/'IMRN'S KXIIIlirTKn. XV NO. .')i;o. .')7I. •"i7'i. .■)7'''- •''77. .')7S. .'>7'.". .VSi). .")S1. ')S-'. ■)S:i. .■),S,"i. .'iSi;. •'i.s7. .')SS. .")s;t. ■vm. .')!>:{. .VI t. r>:):>. .')!ir,. •')i)7. :)i>s. .')'.)'.). cm. i;n). 'Mi. 'in:). ilDii. l'limi!>!i;,'o .\iini'i.'roii> iiuait/ Ht'iiialitL' Iiil'usDi'ial oart li (lak'iKi Si'hivf, with ( l:iMlrts Liiii'iiiiti" Caii;iili;iii [jcarls Shull IMIiVl Shell marl Paiut.s Baritu Aiui'thyst Crj'stals Baritt: Liiiii'.sfoiic Liiiic.-itone (iaiciia (ialoiia ... (lali'iKi Bitiiniinous Ai.Om Tout (iypsuiu (iypsum riyp.>iuiii ... Linii'.stDiitj riiinu^tcniu BiiiiL'stono LiiiKwtiiuo I)i)loiiiitt-' l^oloiiiite Saiidstono Sandstone Sand.~itoni' Saud.--tfinij Sandstdne Sandstoiii; Sandstouo Mineral watrr ... .Saudstoni: <;r.iiitt(j < iranite ... , Laliradi'iitr rx k :Mar),l.. , Marlilc Marlilr MarhL' r.voE ini!.slM,rni.J,, N.ll Ml) Sussex, X.H IDS Don luMter, X.l! 1J(I St. (l.Miy,., X.l) IJ.') St. .fnliliV, X.Ii \->l Fra-icr liivcr, |i.( '. i\') llit,' I>l;iMd, r.akr \Vintn]icj,' . 1 X( w Uriin-'wiik l')7 Shu.-WMii L;ik", H.C i>; Skcrna iiiviT, B.(.;. \iV2 ]Vv^ I~!,ind, L.'ikc W'iniiiiH'jr, Man. :ij I'l'livilicr (if < JMuljl'O His Xorlli Itivof, r.K.I 102 ! .'^te. Tlu'ivsp, (J SS Weill woi'tli, X.S !(>1 MdlltllLTUe, X..S. 101 Uivrr I'hiliji, X.S . 101 C'aii;.;hua\va,t,'a, l^ HI Tenvhomu;, (i li;{ Montioal, (i . 113 St. Ilyaciiitlie, Q lai (ilielnh, ') 11.-) Duiidas, 11.-) (tiieida, <) 117 (iriiii~liy. < ). 117 Carletoii, O. . lis reinlioke, O lis .■\Iel!riilc'.s Comoi-s, ( ) . ni) Westmorland County, X.l!. nil K..,klaud, X.B. ... I ■ill Ottawii, (> 1 ( I.S WalLiee, X.S IJI) Suiiliiiry, .\.B . li-'O C'haiv. ts X.H lJ(i At'ererombie, (j V2I] Ciirir.vall, < >. \->x Arniirior, O. ,. 1-Jl) L'Oi-igin.il, (_) i;;() lireiivillr, 1^. Ml w XVI i\i»i;x TO si'Ecr.MK.Ns i:\ifii!iTi;i>. NO. 'il-'. Miul.U. Ilia Miiii.iu "Ul. .\r,irl.lc (I'.'i. M.irl)l(. fill''. Miirblc ''il7. Limust'iMi. . . Ills. Marlil,. lil'.i MuiIjK.. lijii. Miirldi; ... 'iJI. M.U'l.l.; ';j.'. SiTlKiitilir ^i'2'-\. SuriKMit'iii' 'I'-'l. Sciiii.'iitiiic 'i;.'.'i. Srriiciitiiii' I'Jii. Siri)i.'utiii( 'iJ7. StTjicntitK.' '■'-'v .Sei']ieiitiiit' i;:i'.'. Surpeiitiiiu ii:iii. .Seriiuntiiir 'i'll. Suriiuntiiiu '!:;■-'. Sliitc 'l.i'!. (.'i.iiu'ut roi.'k 'ill. Wliotstoiiu 'I.';.'), ]''ilir ... l.'i'i ... ^rcllifjiinii.', (J ... i:,: ... .^^.l^'lIa! .'ii liivi.'i', It. ... IM ... .1 1 ilms. Ill's Crossing', X..S.... ... 1.-.7 ... W.'sfl.ui'v, ii ... l.')l) r;i!> ... Caiiii'la . . h..) ■ks... ... 1 '.'lU.'iiI:! ... li:,S ... IV.keiiliniii. (> ... 120 ... Yale, li.l' ■>[) ... V;.lo. w.r .'jd ••• (l-aiiil I/ik.\ X.]i 7(1 ... ■ ■• H.'iiits Cuaiity, X.S. fifi ... . . I.ako .Superior, ( I .. In.-) ... Cali.Mloii, () ... ll>< lu adiUt in auait.ou to a written or print' d c.vd, , aeh sp.cinu'u bears a .mailer label with s nun .,'r pnnte.! upon it. The colour of tai. .nailer 1 .1.1 indicate b,.-!^^ iruni which the spo(,'iinen comes, a^ follow.'s :— ^ COLUUKS. liliie (dark) ,. (light) (u-een (dark) .,, ^Vhite ... ... Yellow ... Pink 'irceu (liy:ht) .,. OraiiKc ... runvixCE.s. i'rince Kilward's Island. Xova .Scotia. Xew IJrunswick. ( intario. Qiiehce. ^Manitoba. Xorth-Wcst Territories. British Columbia. f MKTALLIC IHO.V. I. MIOTALS AND TilKIK' OI.'Ks. IRON, Mt'tiillic Iron. Madoc, () ")'-M. M.'ti'ni'ic iron (Mu.lel) (lil,liiill,;tl Surri I Tiu- iu(.t,.onte,,.f u!,i,,lithi> is:, i„...M. is row in thr Mus,.uiii of the O....!,,..!,.,! i.u.1 NMtural I[i~t.-p.- Surv,.y at (itta.va. It u,.s luun,! in l.s,-,|. aud l.,.foiv It eout.iins (;-;i:. ]h'v cut. .f nickol, ami in ciittiiig woitrhoil :l7Kla 1„. auti.ip,,,,.,! from th- .^a-oat aroaand tho .livorsitv of tiuw'enion.ic.al t..rnuU.,msof_tl,o Doniiuiou of Canada, th,. .-..nntry is preoiuinontlv rich in'oro- cl mm. and m ui my districts tho doposit.s aro of ^rmi oxtont nnd excollont uuality S.mo ot those distriots labour under the disadvanta.'o of a want ..( iicoe,s..hIe iLud, Inn in tlio caso of „thors. whore .-oal or wood n.av bo obtained HI "nmediatopn.xunitytothoiron oro>. it would appear to bo possible to ostrddish ir.'ii w..rks on a lar-e scale. There aro several furnaces in the province „f <.»uehec. produ.in- ehanoal pig: but at the present moment there is onlv one Wast- urn.-.ee n.akiu- e.ke pi--irou, d one rolling-mill in connection with pud.llin- furnaces, iu operation in t,. DominiMU, while tiie total vahf. ot irou and steel imjiorted iu various forms iu 18S4 was $I4.7',t(i.::.'7 and th.. grand total et imported ir„n .-uul steel for the seventeeu years since confcdera- lou (iN.s) reache. the sum ,.f $'';3(..r41,4;J4. e,,ual to an annoal avera.'e of thirteen ami a half million dollars. (See -The Manufacture. Consumption and Productiou of Iron, Sfel and Coal in the Dominion of Canada. J. II. Bartl-lt Montreal : Dawson Uros.") These figures serve to give .some idea of the market whicn IS now avadable in the Domiuioiu and wlu.di might be supplied bv iror manufactured there. Miiu'iU'tic Iron Ore. Toxiula Islaii.l. B. C. •'!'.'. Magnetic iron ore from miuo three miles from Gillies Bay.— Geoloijical Surrey B n 18 MINKHALS OF CANADA. '.'77. Miijiiu'tiL' iron oro fiMtu north oust xih' of T''x:iil.i I-limd.— (iiu/oyiral Survt]/, 10,1, l'ii.'-irnn iiKiimf.i.-lnri'il from T.'xiuln on-, wiili oiio-tliird of bog oro fr'-ni I'liKi't SoiiU(l,-ll'. y. UhI/vii, I'ii-toria, li.C. Thoso iuiiiortfiiit iIpiwsIIm occur in ory'.tnlliMc ncki mii)i|mpso(1 to bo of Cav- boniffmii- iil;(». The liir^i'^^t t>xi)osinv inoii llic soiitli side of Tcsiidii Island, about tlircp" luil.'M iiortli-wost of (iiljics Buy. Horo tlio oro muss i-i soon to bo from t«.)nty to twciity-llvo foct thick, in eoutact with grey cryHtiillinc liniostono, with which, for about two foot down, iiro intcrcnlatcd bands (jf oro. of from lialf un iiicli to Olio inch in thicUnnss. From this point to tlic north-west, tor noiirly a mile, tlio oro is occiisioiially scon, and at ono jilacc there is a continuous oxiiosuro about •-'oO loot lonj,' and from one t., ten feet tliicV, Ah ro^'ard.t mining and shiiimont, tlio ore is most favourably Mtuatcd; whilo in tlio event of smoltinL,' ojiorations boluK oarried on, thcro is an almndauco of wood suital)lo for makiiii,' charcoal on the inland; aii.l Comnx Harbour, frem whioli tlio coal of tho Comox aroa will bo shippod, is less than twenty miles distant. Tho oro is of an irou-jjroy colour, -id frciuently contains littlo cavities, which holil rod or yellow ochre, and are sniiiotimes lined with octahedrnl crystals of iiin),'netitc. A partial analysis of a soc-inien cUcctcd by t!ie lato Mr. . fames Kichard.'on of tho Go(dogieal Survey, gave (iS'fo percent, of iron, and onlv •do;! por cent, of ]iliosphorus. Considerable (,iianiilics of this ore liave lately been shipjiod to Washington Toriitory for smelting in conjunction with bog iron ovo.—Ciirhnni/eroua (7) An Island in Qiicon Charlotte Sound, B. C. Ji.'j, Magnetic iron oro. '.itnhigicul Sitrvei/. This deposit occurs on a small island of the Walkor group, and though oseop- tionally rich—tho spocimons examine.! yielding as high as 71 -r.: per eont. .-f iron-has not attracted much attention, owing to tho want of a convenient harbour. — Pahozoic, An Island in Queen Charlotte Hoimd, B C -^ ^^'^'"' '^- ^'- ^^«^'"'f^«'". -^-f'-, ■ ( IVdon., //. V. 528. Magnetic iron oro. This and tho procoding specimen are from the same locality Palttoi OIC, Sooko, Vancouver Island, B. C. . . F. O. JHchards, Jr., Vid.rrvt, IJ. < : I'fi, Magnetic iron ore. :i(iti. from now opening (ISSy), Thoso ore. are from Sections 7!) and 83, Sooke district, at a distance of about twenty miles from Victoria, near tho coast, and with excellent facilities fnr shipment. Tho deposit is rather of the nature of a stockwork than a true vein but can bo tnaced for some distance in a X.E.-S.W. direction, and in places show.s from ten to twenty feet of nearly pure ore. The country rock is a 1 MAGXKTIC IIION oltK. 19 conrsoly iT.VHtiillinc iliorito (?), contaiuiiijj inuch hoinl.l.'ii I,.. Tli- f..llowiiiK asKnys of vjirioim siiocinjcnt nf tlio oro ^;ivo tlio p.Ti;,.iitii>,'.' n{ iiirtiilli.' iMu ;_ Will. Juli.m, S.IU KriiuuiHco .. It ■» 11 II J. 1'. IJlTIliL'!', CoiiiwmII .1. K'Mtli' \' Co., Snii l'"niiioisco 72 lit 4s slat,., s.rp.ntino .n.l othor uun.Miorphi,- ■ ".•ks, tn.. wh.lo 1„.,„. hi.^hlv inoliu.,!. Son,. ,.f th- 1m,1. av. v.rv ,nnv hut ""'"!''* '"'f "" ' ^ 1 ''-'I "f '■"-'< ">^'ttor .u,l iron pyriios. An nnnlvsis of u spo'inion tp.ui uh,,i i. k„,„v„ ,, ,|>o -Sau.l-pii IW " ixavo Dr. Hunt : ' MM-notio oxi.i,. of ir.^n 7-s,, =: Jiotallio iron. ;;-'-7- .'l!l;,'n('.sia ij.jii Lini(> ||...- ('arl)onat.o ..i' lim,'... o..),, <':irlionato of niann.vMa ,[ 0-^4 I'li'i-^l'l""-"- (i-ii;;.-, ^'I'l'l'iii (i-o-'7 ^■"''■'- :;:-,n Insolulilo H-7;', I0M4-J .>rato~ tor sinoitinir. — LTinut.n,, Muaoc, O., lot n, raii'«v r, ,< 1 ■ . 'riii/iii/iciii S/irrri/. '■>. ^Majnotio i in oro. A 1,0,1 iron, twou,y-,iv t„ thirty f,..>r tlu-k, kno.n a, tho " Sovn,our Oro Bo,l. Ihcoro ,. nnol.,ranular. unusually fro,. fr„n> pvritos, and ^no , tl liuost ,n tno ,.,o,ntry. It is un,.orlaiil hv a thin l,an,l of 's,.ft hlaoi- n i ' 1, u.uK,v,.rlai,l U, ro,i,li.„.,roy hi.bly folspathi,. rooks, .hi,': ^ I, , H .'^ ;::-,;;'-•-- to. o,.oupyt,,;.urfaooi:;:iL;: a;.:- :h;:;-^ omploycl a.s fuol. ' ' ' ' '" '' ''""'' ' -W-. ^vml was TiioCiraiitl .Tiiuotion i;:iilwi\- n.n- ,>., >. »• ■, .lopo.it. an,i a l.ranoh 1.:, ,.•,:=; 'uv I' '"•^""''^^ ''\ '='" -"*'' -^ this The following is an anah-.s 0, .:: o r;:;',;; t!' X:; Uu.ilT''^'^ '" ''"'"•• l','r,,\i,l,. of iron ) l'r,.tosiae if ir,.n ' >^''---n = M,.|ai;ir in^:.. ill-,;]. rhosph,irus ... _ iLiijo ^"'l''""' (,.|i7,^ Ins.iliililc uiattor i,.. i^,) II'.'' 1 1'.") — l.iinn iitniii. Coolliiniin... Wollaston, C^Ur,, n,,.,,:. Uu,;.;.^ r.... Tru,t,.u, O. ■ '>>'2. ."\hiL;)iolic' ir,in ?ro. From :i vein saiil to 1),. ninetoen foot w.M . t 1 c the .lopth .f IL'5 foet. • ^"'^"'^ ^'■'''" ^''^^'t Xo. I at .■^- MAHNKTIC IUU\ OHK. 21 \V.irk at this mi no was (•.■Uiiiiinicfil in 18si, ai;.i in tlu> I'olinwiui: yciv ilio iMUsIinR'ticm of tin' Contral Oiitarin Railway In. in the mine to Tvoiiton, on tlie Hay of guiuto. Lake l)ntario. a ilistaiieo df ninety niilos, was umlortaUon. Tliis U.iilway was ooniploti'd in tlio sniunior ..f |s,n4, anil at the .'ml of thai year tin' (• 'Uijiany had I'xpcinlod at the mine, on tho now liailway. on the iniffliaso i.| ihorriiifi" K.hviird Railway (rnniiinir from I'ioton to Trout. 'ii), on tho liranoli to \Vollor"s I3ay, ou tlio Shii)|)iug Dotdis thoro, and in tho huyin.i,' and tostinL.' "f sovoral .'thor coposits of iron oro in >railoi', 'rudor. \Volla>ton, and Chandos town-hips, a sniu "f mouoy amonntin- to uoarlv s'-',Oii(>.iii)ii. Tho Coo Hill niino, howovor, is tho only ono of tlio.-o uiino> fr o whioh shipnionts of any iniportaiioo wero inado. Thoso amonntod to aho., '.ii.dlMI tons in ISSt. and Hl.tMlOor ir),(HM» tons iu l>>."i, and woro f..r tho incisi part s.oit to Clovolaiid. • •hin. S.inio .■'.O.Odi) tons woro raisod, and in stock at tho niino. at tho oud nf is,s.">, nnt haviiiu' hocn Miippod iliirini,' last year "u aoooiint of the very iloprossod stato of tho iron iiidiisii'y. Tho vidn runs east and west, di]iidn_i; to th.' south, and ents a roek ooniposed "f red ertlioelaso and hlaek nnea. Tins roek oeeurs. huth at tho mine and iu t':ie redon to tho soutli of it, in the form ef dyko> and irre-ular masses, euttinir through tho Laurontiau ,L,'neiss.',-.. miea scliists and ery>t:dlino liniestoui's. With tho oxcoi)tien of -.'."iK foot of unknown -round lietween the west slopo nf X.i. 1. and till' oast slop,' uf No. 'J shaft, tii:' vein is cpereil for a distaiu'o of ',»ih.» foot from oast to west. Its widti: varies fmni twenty t.. -eventy foot, hut for niueh ■■f this width tho oro is >•■ mixo.l with sulphides and re.dc matter that it eannot ho |irolitahly mined, On ati avera--o tlio vein is worked fur a widtii of ahei;t twenty feet. thoni.'li some of the slopes in X... 1 ,n-o have hoou as wido as forty feet. 'J'his No. 1 oro i.s a very hi-li irrade, ^ivin- sixty-oii.'ht |'or eeut, motallio iron, is very froo fri'iu pii.ispli.irus and titanium, and unusuallv s..ft. In (.tetol.or. ISS."). tho deptli of the.,, throe -shafts was ivsiiectiv.dy— \.>. 1, '.15 I'oot: Xo. L'. l,"„-> leet : and X... I!. UD tei't ; the len-th of tho sl,,p,"s l,..],,-— No. 1, ahent ."iK feet; Xe. o, ah-jut l-t(» feet: and X., :!, ahuit JHO f.^ot, /.'ilirt nli'iii. WolListon, 0., lot 1 1, riiiin-o 1 ('!rni,l,>ri ,!■ d/e /.,,"/, .l/.o/oe, ii. 72. M.iguetie iron nro ^frem •'Uvfac(}]. — L'iiiii uti'in. WoUastoii. U., Int lit. r,nii;v 1 "» . . . ..I,„l:l„^, ('!,imh,rs.\- M.tlld, Mn. Ma_'i;i'ti.' iron ore (from ^\u-t':['\'). — /.rii\ntni,i. Woilastoii.O.. lot J.), raiiiiv.' <•/'"'./.'., r/,,,,„l„r<, Ih-u,,-,, a- Chit,, ■^ ( \\,illn.-itn-enfian. Wollaston, 0., lot 14, raiiffe 4 i J>-i>kiM, Chumhers, Brown cl Chite, " ■ ■ ( Wollaston, 0. 340. JIagnotic iron ore (from sm-iiico).—Laurentian. Wollaston, 0., lot l(i, rano'e 12 I Jenkins, Chumhers, Brown s- Clute, ° \ Wollaston, 0. ;)4l. Magnetic iron ore. —Laurent inn. The want of railway communication has hitherto prevented the development ot those promising ore deposit, in the township of Wollaston; but as this d fliculty ,s_now to a certain extent removed by the Ontario Central Railway wliicli runs m close pro.ximity to them, tliero is every probability that if iron PaWston, 0., lot 8, range 7 . . . .Y...... Clark, Mississippi Station, 0. 224 Magnetic iron o, .—Lmn-ntian. Roberts Mine, Pahuerston n a-- ,,, , ,, ' •^'"'"'^^ston, O .\onnan Clark, Mississij.pi Station, 0. 240. Magnetic iron ove.—Lai,re,>Han. Palmerston, O., west half lot 3, ran-e 9 i^'^^ornian Clark, Mississipjn " "I Station, O. ^^ 242. Magnetic iron ore. This mine was closed about two years ago. owing to a dispute as to the title. Laui-entian. Zainsville Iron Mines, Bedforrl O ^r.^■ c \ v ■ ■„ . range 2 . . -«catora, U., lot (,,) Zanm-dle Iron Mininfj Co., ^ 'roilfreif, Frontenac, (J. 10l». JIaguetic iron ore. took out about'r,000 ton! ^Te ' ^ 2'::'"^^:^ ^""'" ^'''' ^''^'"^ intc the hands of tlio Zainsville Irou Mi nJ, ^^^nnmng rights passed extracted up to the present Ume'^^' '' / ,UoTT '"' "■•^.•^•' ^^-'^ i^- long and 70 feet deep, has been m.de ac.i! f J ^ . p °''"" '^"'°^' '^'^ ^^rds for about 1,50 foot ; deductrs^,^ fo«rf h' '■''*'^''""""' "^''"'^''^^ t'^« •>«»« remains 100 foot o wo kab" o.'e T !" '^ :'''"""'''"''"' ^'''•P^'"''"'^' '^^^^ 100 feet, one of which Ze^z^^^,: ," o J 7 " r\'"'^^ ''^^^ '^""'^ ^"^ '^^^ 'Jept'^ of ing has been done. The hl^l ^ ' ' T- ''y ' "''''''''' '' ^'^ f««t' '^"'l «ome drift- mo nangmg wall is limosione, and the foot wall gneiss. MAGNETIC IRON ORE. 23 Tho following are analyses of this ore liy Dr. M. E. Rcoil : 1. 2. 3. Metallic Iron . (il-87 02'32 03-80 Silica <»-78 10-ti7 8-30 Maniianeso ■'y'^ -oi 47 Sulpliur traco -39 '12 Limo -08 -G-t -d',) Magnesia 2-Ul '98 4'(»1 Phixsphonis •01.-) -010 -Oil (Soe Report of Progre.ss of tho Geological Survey for 1882-84, page 10 L.) This mine is now connectod with the Kingston an^l Pembroke Railroad, by a brancli line. — Lwirentiun. Itadoc, O., lot 18, range 1 dtohgical Surt-ey. 274. Magnetic iron ore. From an opening known as tho " Dufferin 'Slmo:'—Laur>:iitiiiii. Madoc, O., lot 19, range 1 Geological Survei/. 275, Magnetic iron ore. From an opening known as tho " Hobson Mine." — Laurentian. Darling, O., east half of lots 21 and 22,? „. „ tt- ,■ /-^ , ., n, rano-e 4 ,- II . //. U ijlie, Larldon Place, 0. ;U6, Magnotic iron ore, lot 22. o47. „ „ lot 21. Those two .specimens were taken from near the .surface. — Laurentian. 43arric, O., lots o, "^ !• It "• 11 )! '^ jr Those deposits are now being developed. — Laurentian. Bagot, Cnhthwjie Mining Co. {Liinitvl), Bagot, 0. 284. Magnetic iron ore from No. 1 Mine. ■^Si") 4 Tliis properly comprises the east half of lot 15, tho west half of lot IG MINERALS OF CANADA. in tho 0th range the east !.al, of ]„, ,,;. ,,„.,. ,,, „n,l l„t U. ra.^e 7. A partial nmilys.s of speci,„...n< /rem n.i„e< N,.. 1 a„.l f, ,,,. i„, p. Fricko. of 1 ittshurg, Penii.. gave— Troii Plio^i, horns . X.>. 1. Vo. 4. i:.!i;i(i i;.'i'(i:*(» •Ills ■l-lti- — LdnaiLtian. ii'-istol, Q., lot -, ran^e 2 ./;././„/ /.„„ j//,,/,^ ,;,.. /;././,■/ r,,.„u-., Q. ir;i. .'^higuotii.' irou ore. 'i'his ore oeci ^'t:Ti:]:";::iS:'- "- '"'■■" "' '■^■■'^~- »' ■- "-".«'-.■ Peroxide nf irun . Protoxide of \\\~i\ Cisulphiue of ir^ ii. 'i-H4^ M'.-.iJ \ ,■ M''tallie v::n\. '^^■^.\^. pr Protoxide of man^aues,." ^^^^-^"ll'lmr, 1-40. ;^'""""^' (WJu .Ma.iriie.sia .... ,. ,. ^'''™ : 11-4^ t. arlionic acid... , ,., Puos),hon,.. a.'iil... •I-., ■. . , •■ traces. I itauie aeid .... ' ' ,,- , ■ none. 'tl4 l(M)-;i7 The ure. though goLerallv l;;!owu is n-v'v..^\r. , ■ oportionofhemutite.-Aa.;e«//„.. " '"■'-'"'^^- <^-'"-^ '' ---i'. /■;. SniitI,, S/ivrhrvn!,; , Q, o-^i. iMagnetie iron ,,ro. riiis der.o.sit i.s apraieutl-- rot ,-,>,i,- ,f i '."ality, and as it U ^X\^^^:;lSrsT. "'""Tl '"' '" ^''^ '^ ^' '"- Railway station at ^herbrooh,, ^J'^^i.^'^tr """/'" '^""'^ ^''""^ low tigun, and '. of eonsiderable eeoL • t ■ ^^^r^'i' '^^ ^ ^^^''^ ^^ ^' has not as yet been n,a.!e.-/V,.r„„ i ,•„„. ' ^•"'"- '^ ''omiilote analysis ^iu^a; •f 1 L''i-(Is, Q., lot 7, ranti'o j . . ■'iSlU. >r:i_i.'n'nic iron uro. magni:tic iron ore. 25 This vXQ is Slid to .i.'cur in liods from tw , tu thivo foot thick, V)iit as yot only prospooting has be.'n douo. — PrL-Cdmlirinn. l;>4. M;i;^'uetie iivn uro. — I'ri-C'tiubrian. Moisie. Q. Ma'.'uetii' iron siiml. Win:,,, II Rhlu'K .Un„f,-',il, O. : !>■]■ .■)-t- f.'Ot prn- '•Ma- in Many ■>{ tlio rocks in ih,' -r.'at Laureiitian -ori's, wliicli is so est..'u~iv''ly 'I'- vrloMc.l to tlio north of tho ijiilf of >r. LaA-rou-o. o .'on- niany uiilos. Somo ..f tho-o arc of recent origin, bat others belong Wi the pliocene age. and aro louui as lii-h as one huuilred, and oven two huudr-d above the present tide-I.-v.d. Mixed witli the ores of iron aro variable portions of siliceous sand, and small 'juantiti-js .A garui't, so that tirtiiicial centration is necessary to tit the mat'i'riai for metallurgical treatment, jiractico this is et'fected, but in a very incomplete manner liy means of ^hal;l!!g tables. Dr. Hunt found that a sample uf the Muisio sand which before washing contained Uy2 per cent, of magnetic L'rains, by washing only had this percent i.'o increased to yj j)er cent, owing t" the lii'.di sprcilic gravity of tho associated minerals. The unwaslicd sand contained ','>-'j;] ])er cent, of iron, lil.iMi ,_.f titanic acid, '(tT of s-.dphur, -ODr of jiho-phorus. and it-'.yj of insoluldo' inntt-'C. (For further particulars see Report of tiie Geological Survey of Canada. LsCd-O'J p. 2G7). At Jloisie these sanilsliav:> been sm,elt''l in 'loomary furnaces, but tiie under- taking did not prove a pe^'uniary -uc^'Oss. (N'n specimen exhiliited.) Between Ectiiiouiy tiiul Five Islands, X.S. -7'J. ilagnetic iron tire. From a vein in trap. — 7V('(.«/r. I h-'iliiijical Sar' ' ^. Wilinot, .Vnnapolis cotuity, X.S. 141 . MaLtnetic iron ore. ■/o/,/( Oviiit, Iluli/i'.r, X.S. 3Iagnetic iron ores are found at variius jwint^ through.nit the north-western trap range, but are generally too limited in extent t'^ lie of eoonomi" imjiortiin'o. A deposit howeverwhich occurs at Digby.thonirh only partially opened, di-lMses pockets and veins of large size. The proportion of metallic iron contain.'d in the ore is from 40 to ."»0 per c ^nt. It suljihur, in- titanic acid. — T,iii'-sic, miiiaratively free from pho-ph'.rus ^:^ 36 MINERALS OF CANADA. Hematite (including Crystalline and Earthy Varieties). Sooke, Vancouver Island, B.C F. 0. Richnr.h, Jr., Victoria, B.C. t'."). Homatito. c.r'; z :r:/:u;t..* i^Fir ""°""° "■"""'' ■""«»»^' -' Big Island, Lake Winnipeg, Man | ^"(''>'»"i'oml fimdtin;/ Co., ' I F. Proud/cot, Winnipeg, Man. j'5'. Hematite. This oro is said to yield irom 4.5 to G.S per cent, of iron It has boon practically tested and proved to bo of good quality.-.l.c/^^an. SilvtT Lake Milling Location, Thundor Bay, Lake? Superior, 0. ^' "^'"'"''J Geological Surrey. 22. Hematite. Tho above location in situated five- and a half miles X.E. of the head of Thunder ?erruJ„l„7 V"" \''?T'' ''''"'' "''°"'^*'^'^ ^'^^ °°">P«°t sandstone, and ferrugmou. hmostone wh.ch is suitable for a flux. Most of the beds cons st o H Xn/S? "'^^fx"' ""^ '^^ ^^'^^'^^'°' ^°<=°^^-^ ^" assays ml bvP of r « North Shore of Lake Superior, Thunder ) ,,, Bay District, O { I^hos. A. Reefer, Port Arthur, 0. il'> Hematite. The DickKon Location, Desert Lake, near? , Bruce Mines, | James Stobit, Bruce Mine,^, 0. 498. Hematite. This location comprises Blocks xVl md A" «,>„«*„ ^i .t very advantageously situate! fo^- m^t 1 T' "f "" °"° ^^''' '« -ve Oesert .ak^ .bich ^^IZ^ .^=]^Ztr^£^^ \ HEMATITE. 27 (the Tliosalon). Accordinj: to Dr. Ellis of Toronto, tho ore contains fl'ty-six por cont. of irou and no aj)prooial)lo ({uantity of sulphur or phosphorus. — Iluronian. In addition to tlio above localities, homatito occurs iu tlio region about Lakes Suporior and Huron, in deposits which appear to bo of economic importauco at tho following localities : — East side of Lake Nipigon near tlie mouths of Oniminisagi or Red Taint Rivor, and of the Sturgeon Rivor (slatj- hematite ores) — a spooimon from the latter place was found to contain 3(iM)6 por cent of iron ; hills oast of Lake Nonwatanose, Black Sturgeon Rivor (a red earthy hematite) ; west Point of tho largest of the Slate Islands (impure slaty ore); near Wallace mino, Lake Huron (mixed with magnetite); about 10 miles up tho east branch of tho Montreal Rivor, Ottawa valley (veins of sjxtoular iron in iiuartzito) ; foot of Big Rapids, below the Long Portage, south branch of Moose Rivor (a largo deposit of an impure carbonate of iron passing into homatito). Belmont O ^ "^''^ Cohnn/, Peterborough and Marmora Railway \ i-\2 Metallic iron o'J'OD Carbonate of limo 540 Carbonate of magnesia. 1*05 Phosphorus 0'03 Sulphur O'OGo Insoluble matter 7' 16 — Laurentian. ^ ■f •38 MINERALS OF CANAKA. The Hiiycock Iiuii Lociitioii, Teiiipletoii im-l ) ,,, „ IIu]], (I j /•■"'• !/";/0'd; (JttauM, O. M A- L'lls. /(. >jM.jiil:ii- iron oro. -•I"'. Ii. .MiiL'iictic iron oro. The oro of tho Hnyoook locatiuu ocnirs in hi^:,'hly lej.patliic gnoisso.s bolongiuj,' to tho Laurominn .y.Usm, and forms a series of ])ai-allol boila strildng nortli-oas't aii'l south-'.vosr, and -iipi.ing to tho iiortli-west at an anulo of ul.out .".O do>'n-cs I ho l.o.ls ran-.' fr-iii a few inelioM up tosovernl foot in thickness at the surfaoo" and one ol tii-ni. whi,d, was loss than two loot thick nt tiio surfaco, at a doi.tl' ot tuurtoon fo-t. is said to liavo widonod to ovor twolvo foot. Tho oro is ossou- tinlly a homatltr. hut contains a .mall jaoportion of n;a^'netic oxid.. of iron some speemions ),oing readily attracted l,y tho .nagnot. ' It contains, on an average, ahout (14 ,.or cent, of iron, Tho following' .nalvs.s aro taken from ■• i-port on tho h.cation by I'rofessor rhapuian, of Toronto University ;- , . I- IJ. >o^>iuioxiilo of irnu ,^.(m ^..|- I'l'i-'toside of iron i;-.si; -..ii T't^'uio acid ;..,- '!^\._, Pi''-'toxido uf uian,'aues.) ,.., o->\ ^^.\- f':^""'^'' '"i;; 0-17 Ph0.,,hw,,c ;,CU| „.!,. „.|, f"'l''''"' "-oy (i;;^ •^'•"P'^ft- ,,.;,,- ^^,.,^ lusoh.ild'j roc;: matter ()-0|; -.-- l(MIMi7 The depo.at was ilr.t opened during the winter of l,s72-7;l p i, „ t.u unles^ rem tho city ,,f Ottawa, and six and a ,,uarter miles f,;n, a shi; 1 oiut ou the l.atineiHi nver.— /.-(,»•<■/;//,'(/(. ' hout ping >^utt.jii, U., lot l», range 11 278. Hematite. '<"oiit two uiiloM fi'oia tho west hank o{ tlio rivor St. John, A-i s.'iMi iit tiii.-i ii'int, tho ore- boils (]ioi'tiijus nt v.lii^'h arc truo hi'iiiatiti', v.hil.- .ithci'.s cuiiM-t of hyilvous per- "xiilo of ii-ou or lini'Jiititot aro .soinowhat in'OL'uhniy intorstvatilloil wit!i a si>rios of day sliif's, usually briiilit vo'\ or hrownisli-roil in iunnoiliatt> i>rii>;imity t" the ore, hut olsc>'.vho'.'> of a jialo-trroy I'olour, iitid whi'h ari' iii-'hly iui'lini'd. Tho oro-hoil-. which vary in nuuib( suii'ltoil bore, but tho works h:iv.' l.'n_' ^iu 'o boou abatnloni'd. — Si/iifiiiii. Stowiieko. C'llclu'stof ciiuut\-, X. '/o'-' riiiir lit III Siii''l .S'r../(. A'i'.K I loiiialito. — I'al" oun'r. Tlio iron ores of Pictou oouuly aro of .sovoral kind-, iu'dudin:,' l>Oi,' ore, liuiouite. liouiatito. 'day iron-^touo, spathiu oro, &c. Mr. Gilpin st:itos, iu his ropon ontith'd '-.Miuos and Minorals of N'nva Scotia," tiial id.iy ir'.'nstono 1> fouu^l ovorywh'ro in the coal nioasuro- in irregular bods from tivo to fu'ty inoho- tluLdi, and yiold> tliirty-llvi: p.n- oout. of molallii' iron. Siiathio oro, oarryiuL' nviu.'aui^se in considorablo nuantity and with only sui:dl amounts of phosphoru- aud .sulphur, occur-, iu lieds from six to ton foot thick ou Suthorlaud's liivor. Linionito. which aUii carrios a considorablo amMiuil of mauu'aiieso. is found ou tho lOasl Rivor, iu th.; vicinity of Siirin^'villo, and i- stat •.! by 'Slv. Gilpin to bo from iitti'i'U to twi>ntv-ouo foot thick. Liniouii.' i~ irtod ou St. Marv'.-> River. Hematite is found in sovoral localiti'.'s : I iioso kn nvn as tho Blauchard and the Wcdjstor areas boiut,' tho most important. Iu tlio former the dojvjsit i.s statod to vary in width from thirty to one hundreil foot, while iu the lattor it i^ supposi'd to iiavo a thickness of I'lfteeu t'l thirty b'.jt. They are iioth on tho east side of tho Ivist liivor. and on tho west side of that str'.oim oth^n' lar,'o doposit.s oconr, which aro fousidorod to )io tho o.|uiv;douts of those faind in the ;.;roat Lond'.'udorry Mine. Other veins of sjiecular and mai^-notic ircn oro are mc't with in tho vi..di'.ity, but ha\onot as yet bi>on thorou'.'ldy tost''d. Hi'm;ititoulso occur.< at Arisai.'. Dr. I'.. ,J. Harrinofon, iu an arti..''c' ontitlod " Xotos on tiie Irou (.)ro3 of .'anada aud tiioir Development, " which app'-ar.:'d iu thi> Rojjort of I'rogress of tho Geologi-'al Survey of Canada fo" l.-^7:'i-74. -ay-, in speaking of these ores (p. 70): — •• It is to be hoped also tliat .-oiuothiuir will soon bo done towards d..'Vido])ing tiio valuable deiiosits of iron o;-o iu I'ictoa county. Uoro tho ores aro abundant and of varied character; thoy aro near to tho Pictou I'oal llelds, wiiouco C(jal. suit.ablo for the manufacture of co'.vo, couM Ijo obtained from a luimbov of mines uow in active ojierati'm. Liiuoston-'. suitable for a llus. occnrs aliundautly in the valley of tiio F.a-t Kivor. tlio Intorcolonial Itailway passes through tho cjal iioUls aud within a few mil--, of the oiv deposits, and the harbour .,f Pictou atTords an excollont port of shipniont during six mouths of tho year.'" As above stated, the proximity of tlioso ores to the limestones au.I coals of tho Pictou aud Cumberland Carbonil'onius basin shoidd render them of groat oconomic value, but although a considerable amount of money has boon spent in testing the value and extent ol the ore-beds, uolhin.' lias as yet boon done in the wav of smeltiuo tlio ores, (See also Xos. 4.">ii aud i:>i.f~l>i i;,n/',in. Si/m-iim mill ( 'itiii''i ii-Silhri'ni. 1 % 30 MlNKUALy OF CANADA. Pictuu county, X. 8. Letiso No. :ii> /. //. IlirthU, Montrud, Q. 4.')5. Spooular irou oru, Tho.so Kpucimons aro from an imiiortant doiiosit of oro occurring in slates and qiiartzitos on the west side of tho EiiHt Uivur. The lode is from ton to twonty foot thick, and has occasional side vuins. From a single pit wliicli was sunk to a doplh of thirty f(.'ot, aliout Hily tons of oro were ohtainod. A sjioci- nn'U cxamiucd by Dr. 'i'. E. Thorpf, of tiio Andorsonian Univorsity, Glasgow containod — Poroxido of iron 1'''''6'' i ^i ^ i,- • /.l, .).i r, . ., ,. ,. ,. Motalhe iron, f!8-3;{. Protoxido of mm (i'^l> ) Sulphide of iron 00(J Phosj)horus nono Silica and insolublo matter. .'I'L'o li)0'78 Tho iirosimity of tlie Pictou eo:il llold udds greatly to tho value of this and other dL'i)o.-)it.-5 of ore in tho vicinity of tho East \{i\oi\—Si!uiian. ^ Pictou county, X.8., Lease No. 62\ j „ „ ,, ,. ,, , , ,, (Webster's) } '^'^^' ^^•"•'^'■«. ^loutnul, Q. •I.")". (/, Rod hematite. 4,58. From what is known as the " Groat Rod Hematite Bed of JIcLellan's Moun- tain," a hod of oro occurring interstratirted with slates and ijuartzites. Tho fnllowing analysis of a specimen of tho ore is by Dr. Stovonsou JIacAdam of Edinburgh ; — Oxideofirou '^'^'~ly,,u- ■ ...,-. Oxide of manganese O'oi'i -^^°*"""= """"' ■'*''^"- Alumiua 0'4,t Carboi;ate of liuh! L'-44 Carbonate of magnesia ()-98 Plio3))horic a-id ()-J2 Sulphur 0-2[) Titanic acid trace Silica li)-43 lOicuO Tho bod is from fifteen to thirty foot thick, the nnglo of dip being from twenty-fivo to sovputy-fivo degrees. Tho specimens aro from about tho centre of tho area, whoro a section ^howod fifteen feet four inches of oro of uniform cjuality.— £o!i-e)- ffeklerbery formation, Silurian. Nictau, Annaiiolis county, N.S 142. Ited ITeuiatito.— 6V/«r/<(y(. John Grant, Ilulifax, X.S. -(} SPKCULAli IRON ORK. 81 Roman VdUey, Guysborough county, \..S fftoloijical Siin-ey. •'Itl. Spocular iron oro. — Paldozoic. Mamiliestor, Ouysborouf;;!! cuiiuty, N.S. . Thus. CnJlihau, Mniir/n-itfr, X.S. •ItJl. Spui;iilitr iron oro. — Pahcozok, Molroso, Guysborouffli county, N.S. , .1. CiuaiiuHjvr, ihiijsJ'i>riiiiijh^ X S. 54',i. Siiecular iron ore. — i'lildozoic, ^■1 -rj. r\ 1 1 ^ -v o f C/«(.s. Koniri/, Salmon Rinr, Salmon River, Guysborough county, ?^.S. < ,. t „ i v c< lilo. Spocular iri^n ore. Near ( Uiysborough there ar" several deposits of -ipocular iron ore. The most important of those ■vniis worked in l-^'L' hy the f'rnne Iron Co., of Philadelphia, whieh took out about H,n(>() tons of exoellont ore, hut the distant'o from a shipping point and the character of the roads over which the oro had to bo carried prevented its ]irofltal)le handliuL'. The ])rico at that time in the American liiarket was from §7 to §8 per ton. It was usod for lining puddling furnaces. — Deronidii. St. Peter's, Cape Breton, N.S { '^'"- •l^^'^'f'". f^'^rdoise, Cape 4(5.'5, Specular iron ore. Sydney, Cape Breton, N.S /•-'. T. Mo.ii;tli >;uim| |.i-.inin was |.njiliiitil, tlio (Miti-'i'jiriHo wiiH soon iili,iiiiloiii"l, owiiii^ t') tlm (>iiiinii"Us rniiMUinjitloii "f fiii>l. T'udci' till' iiiii-*t fiiviiuviilil" (•i■,••■lllll(^t!m^'>^ fnnii IH" t" L'.'!" liii--!u>l- nf '•liiircoiil were roijiiii'i'l to iimki' ii t-ii .t iron, whilo in .-ouu' oiislm ovoi 4ii(I Im^liols wen* ciinHunioil. — l.aiin nliaii. Liiiiniiitc (■inchidiii^ \n>.s Irmi Oii'). ... T 1 1 T 1 1\'- ■ At ( /l,f> ril'ltil'lllll S,„lltihl/ ('tl., J!,ir Tslmi.l, Li.ko ^\nmll.-, M;u,. | /,, /.^ ,;.,„^^ HV,,,,/^,.,/, .)/ "J, LiuiMiiiti'. Thi- oi'o H io|ifirti"i I" yii'M troin thrty-twc tn forty-!"MU!' jier cent. n| \\;<\\ It luis I't'cn iiriH'tiiMlly li'~l.'il ;iU'l ihmvi'iI to ln' <■{ ^ 1 .nihility. St. Mtturico Forj^es, Q. D'jg iron oro. . . J, Murlhiihjiill C\' .S"-.>, Tliin /;irir<, fj. FJojf ii'cii iTOi ai-i' ■ f '■ 'iiiin n ncMTivii.'.' in tin' jiriviiu'os uf (^iiuhci' niiil (lutiXfio, iiht,' o>i|ii'ci,'iily in the samly \vnr\s w'lich ftcn tlnnk the Lauvoutian L'l's. Tlio varii'ty ('in|il"yi'il foi- smoltin;: oi'oui'- in ('nni'n'ti"nai'y masses, wliioh, on tlio fro-ill I'nii'turo, ail' simotiiiic ^ ilnl! "i cartKy, ami at nthcr times liijihly lustrmis, I'll.' oolonr i-i tisually yollowisli-lirnwu, Kut dark hrnwn orlilai'k wlioii miii'li niaiiu'aiii'.-io is )/ri'si'nt. The conoi'i'tii'iiM aro scattcri'd tiirnUL,'!] tlii> soil, or ol.7. and is tin' oldi.'st oiio in Cauaila. Tlio fuel oniploycd was entirely eliarci al, and tlio (Iun was lime>ti.ino from tlie Tronton formation. Tho usual (diarLre was, h>UM.av,.ragi".fnl)uuttlin>o.,,uiirtoMof;iiiin.'liiii .li.im-tor, aii.l ,Miu„iiiin;,' II liiivo i>r ■|icirlii»n oxido ,,f iiiiiii;r,,,„,s,,. Tho siMviimn ,.. nlbitml i,, fmni Cnt,- St. C1mi1,.s, wIi.m-o tli,- .,,,, Koiiorally '•ontaiin ..v,.r lifi y por oont. uf iron, luiM l,ut littl.. luiiiiK'aM.Mo.— .l/Au'/a/. \>i't. M)'' iruii ore. >'l)ringvillt', Pii'tnii r. unity, X.S. ./. //. r.nrtht.l, Mnidnnl, n. At lliisplacj 11 lai-KO doposit of limouito, varyin- in thi^'knc^-i an,l .juality. ncMirs ai. tho juiu'tioii nf th... Loxv.n- CarhnninTnu-, an, I Silurian I'.. nua lion's. Tht< •■^^ is >oniotinins niassiv,., Jnit nn.iv fiv^juontlv in lil.i'oiis oon.'ivtionaiy liiills 01 largo sixo. an.l iu soino placos isn.sso.-i.nK-d witii pyrojn-ito an,l in:iniranito. (Soo t,'oneral nolo on iron ores of I'iotou comity, ]iiii.'o :.",».■) TiiefollowinK analysis (Iloport of Progross ,,f tiio (ioologioal Surv,.-, l,s7;t-74, ))ai,'o L';i3, shows tlio oro to 1)0 of oxcellont quality : I'l'iMxiilo of iron Protoxiilo of n;ani,'anoso Ahiiniiia Linio Magucsia Phospliorio aciil .Sul))huric acid Water Iivtrroscopic „ combinod Insolulilo rosi(hi(! (.)rganic mattor ty -.Vol < I'o.S ()•<;!» (I-41) ()-lll tracos 10-77 214 traces M.'tallic iron .')'.>\tO l(H)-08o Liiaostono suitable for a llux occurs in tho inmiodiato vi.'inity of the or,., and thoro aro sovcM'al coal mines in active operation only a few miles away.— •/uitctioii iifthe Silurian diul L'arboni/\rons. !jro(jkHcia, C^ilclu'ster county, N.S. 2:.';>, Limouito. I n. /•'. Cliiimhi rii^ X'lp /, y.S. iMa. Kulled iixlo l.lank ,„v|)an.,l f,.r th,. hunimo.'s. lu...!.. (>,,.>, ],n,l,ll.,l in.n. ,s.iuooz,.,l 1)1 rotary s.^.v^or and mil,.,! iut„ j,u,l,lkHl hnv :> in wi'lo, iithi.k.an.H in. wi.le. jitbi.k, Pill..,| :• iu. wide. lu iu. Id-h. Moatod in ndiratiu- lurua.'p ou a snud l,ottoui. Uolled in au 18-in tram, and sul.i,,,.tod t.> tlio f.dlnwinsr tests; Fmirl.l..us at ;i foct and two l.Iows at 11 uvt .1 a -Jhki lb.-. ^^,Mu•Ut, >lri!cin- n.' Iwav botwot'u s,.lid iron suj.i.orl, yhcM ;! loot ai.arl. Blank tnruod ovo'r Mftor oaoh nlou-. Ti.e dollo -tiou altor oaWi bl-w was found to bo as fiijlows : — -I ■iih Blow dollociion. Iho] . n f,.ot : woi^^b.t. :.>,0(Mi 11„. 1st .. 1: iiu-h. -1^1 -2: iUoilrs. =''■'' ■• L';4 inolios. -^fli -21 inohes. ''"' '>{]. inoho-. «^tb -; iuoh.... ""i .. 4A iuoh.... _ Taken thon.^o to InVtranl..' pros, and l>ont until the ond< panic .mo ooutaot without showing tho least fraeture. woishin^ about <>oU lbs, ,, /: 1 i)uddled ball. K. ] jiuddlod Iplnoin. " '■ «;r;;i:'-'-^;'-— One pi... 2; in.s.uare Si,„uen- iron: one piece ..b l,dito; one p,e.:e .^ by ■ dit,.> : one piece ■ round ditto: 00 pcce . ronndfed,nai...,t; one piece | ditto : one piece „■ b> I Siemens horse-shoe iron; „ne piece 1 bx .: dit-lo- tuo pieces ;{ by 11 Muck bar, ' " ^ .. '. Oiie pu-ceGby 1 Siemens ir„n: one piece 4 ly 1 ditto: one piece Iby ; ditto: one piece 3 ly 1 ; ditto ; 1 piece ^ round ditto one Foco 1 in .Utto, tied in a knot : one piece ,. ^uare : two j^s It I'y .„^ ditto hnk iron, tor cars. The latto. st 1 ti.o f„Ilowin<, tests v.:^ :-l.ltiniato ton-ilo strength. o:i.;)4: lbs. ,,o, snuaiv inch .•ed„c,.on at point of ..aotur. .1 por oout, : eb.n.a L, ^V- diameter. .„ per cent, : one link 1 ; by i;: .vadv ;„r .^.0, one pie ^ biemens Imk iron ^-'.dd boiul). ^ „ ./; Oiie piece brown hcma,it.> ore' from l,ost niino. weighing about o,,0(M) lbs. „ ^. Three pieces spathic ore In:,: W.-: nunc, w.-i^hin. about •' (,nO lbs . J. Two pieces Brook.ield limestone, two pi. .-\Vo:t min.. ii t t. piece ankerito, 1 piece ditto. ' „ k. Ouo piece Tottcn l)rook ore from Fa-- mi,,. ; >;„ aukerite, spathic, and hematite .ul ' ' ^' ^"^'"''^ "' „ /. B:.rc:>chNos, 1.:/, ;;, ^,,i, i,,„, , l,ar,.arwho.dirou 4o;:i:^:rsiib;;;:;.i:;ri::':,;';; ;::;;;";: ^^-y^- ■.---. or the cobe,iid Hills. . h:.s an .-L^r::::z z:n::::zfz Ili'OX .\N1> IRON ORES. 36 lioen tniL'(>(l f.ir ;i. ilistauoe nf mon' than twflvo uiil.^s. Tho ovo consists for tho most i);irt of liiuonite (lirowu lioiiiatite), which is i,'ciii'rally oarthy, but sometimoHi "(•■•ursiii hi-itr"usst.-il:ii'iitii' and iiuiuiiiiiliai-y forms. It han ovidoutlyboou derived fmiu tlie alterati.'U of spathiu ore and aukerite. both of which are in uiauy lilaees I'uund in an unaUerod condition, T'uo vein also cnntaius oclireous reil lirniatite, sivcnlar iron ore. and small ((uantities of maKUotite. The foilowini; analyses (iv'eiiovt of Progress of the Gcdogical Survey, lS7;!-74. \)]\ '.'ol and •.';!.■!) will si>rve tn illustrate tho comi)osition of tho liiuonite :— t Ochroy Limonito. I'l'i'.ixide iif iron T'.l'ljs I'r.'toxido of ir.iii , l'ri)ti>xide of iiianu'anese... 'J-.Jl Aluniiua u-Cio Linio o-,-,7 JIa;.'nesia ()-31 i^ilioa ;5-o.-, Pliosphnrie acid O-lt Sulphuric acid 0-01 ^^'ater hyLrriisci'iiJe 0'7S ,, combined Il-(j5 Insulul)le re>idui' ".)!t-t;t; Metallic ir'iU .)0-7s c. unpaet Liin S4'73 traces l)-L';i ■!>.•! 0-U (114 (1-1 '•> 0(11 o-:;:i ll'(i7 '-'■i;7 )uit '.nt-74 £"'J'31 Jliuing has been carried on hero since 184it. A charcoal furnace was erected in 1853. which was in blast at short intervals for some years. Two improved blast furnaces, with a weekly c;ii)acity of from oOO to ilud tons, wore snh.-r. (jUently erected, tho fuel usod being coke, and tho capacity vi the puddling fui-naces being about tweuty-livo tons per diw. In 1873 the properly p.issed into the hands .'f tho Ste.^l Company of Canada. Coke is obtained principally from the Pictou mines, though a considerable ([uautity is now made en the premises from the Springhill coal. According to tho Report of tho Govornmeui Inspector of .Mines for Xova Scotia, the amount of ore smolte'.' tons of ankerito wore also used, the number of men employed being about 80i). A branch railway, three miles in length, coimoct.s the mines with tho Intercolonial Railway at Londonderry station. Chivmres in the management and tlnancial dillicultios have seriously interfered \v-ith tho output during tho past year. — C(Uiihn)-, stream there is some rcas-u to suppose that tho depjsit will, ut some p. ' ,t. prove of ecoaemic value. i^Xo specimen is exhibited.)— /'aAeuiivic i !!. I .36 .MINERALS OF CANADA. Spathic Iron Oiv. ■t. 454. Spathic or spnrry iron i">ro. An irrpgulai- hod occurring in sandstonos of tho Millstono-grit fonnrttiuu. The oro is crystalline, and, wlipro uuaotoil ii]ion by the woatlu'r. is ligrht i-'rey in colour. The fullnwini,' in an an,ily:>is ot a sjicoinion wliich was evidently >ouiowliat weathered, — (Koport of Progro.^H of the Geological Survey, 18(;tj-(il, i'. 44l'): — So.si|Uio>;ido of iri n KMISI . ,o.-r ' ^ . ..,.,} Metallic iron, 43 •od. Carbonate or iron u.t-iil ) „ manganese ... '"'JS ,, liuio 2'(i" „ magnesia .">'2;> Silica o'7'> ■ Sulphur i>-U() Phosphorus 1 1-01 1) Hygroscoiiic water 0'7<> C'rgauic matter traces l(il-(iO;J Tho bed has been traced for several hundred yards, and where exposed in tlio liank of a brook has a thickness of about ton feet. According to Dr. Dawson its mode of I'ccurrenco is not unlike that of the uon-fossiliforous sub-crystalline limestones found associated with gypsum in some i)art.s of tho Lower Carboniferous. This bed is only four miles from the Vale Colliery. — Millstciie- iirtt formation, Lower Carbunijeruus, .Souris Eiver, N. W. T. . . . 50(1. Clav iron-stone. (koJogical Siinri/. Clay iron-stone is widely distributed in the north-west territory associated with tho coals, lignitic coals, and lignites of the Cretaceous and Laramie forma- tions. Though occurring in some localities in considerable abundance, as nodules and nodular shoet.s, it is not at present likely to l>o utilised. Tho quality of tho oro is often excellent. The average jiercentage of iron in seveial specimens from near Fort Edmonton is 34't)8. A specimen from Dirt Hills contained 41 •4i) per cent, of iron, I'lS cf jirotoxide of mangan(\se, 'OST of phosphorus, and 'OHS of sulphur. — Laramie and Crctace&us. N'lte. — Iron Orks ix the North — It is probable that many additional rich deposits of magnetic iron ore livill be found throughout tho great Laurontian and Huronian areas of Canada as they become better known. Specimens of a tine variety of magnetite have been brought from what is rejiorted to be a lar^re deposit near tlie entrance of Black Bay, on the north side of Lake Athabasca. At tho narrows of Knee Lake, between Lake Winnipeg and Hudson's Bav, a large deposit of magnetite has been examined. Magnetite is also reported to occur on the north side of Hud.son's Straits, At the foot of tlio Grand Rapids of tlie Wattagami River, a branch of tho Moose, there is a large deposit of clav iron-stone jjassing into limonite associated with tho Devonian limestones an,'atiorod ovor thousauds of acres ou a uiimbor of those islauii/'ii I/, o-l'.t. LargL' uuggets (found luosc;. Xative copper has not yet boon discovore^l in si(u in British Columbia. l)ut loose nugi^-ots which are occasionally fouud. indi.Mto iis existence, proliably auioug .some of the ancient volcanic rock- of the province. Xative coi'per, sujjposod to come from one or other .'f tiic rivers of the Alaska coast, has been used frnm time immemorial by the coa-t lu'liau-, and wa- accounted l>y them of great value. Cassiur, B. C f^'.K Xative C'Hii'or. Found with arciuorite iu gold washings. (See Xo. 3'.)(J.) . . /'/■. ./. ir. Potrdi, Victoria, n. <: Michiiiicotun Island, Lake Superior, O. (iiuhnjicul Snrrfij. o'yO. Xaiive copper. -'4. ,, ,. in sandstone. :>'}i)a. Specimen of samistono i)resontO'l by W. W. Stuart, and ]iolishod to show tho grains of native cop];er. Those specimens are from the location of th(> Quebec and La!;o Superior Mining Association iu the north-western part nf JIichipi''oten Island, This island i» formed of a series of igueou- aud sedimeutary ruck;., resembling tho coppor-bearing strata of Keeweenaw Point, on the south side of Lake Superior. Ou this location a shaft lias been sunk to a depth of ninety-six feet ou two contiguous copper-bearing beds, which tu-ethor iiavr a thickness of about three .38 MINKRALS OF CANAHA. ■r i f'.'ct, mill contain uu iivtM'awo of about two and onu-Iialf jior cent, of native coppor. Tiio nppor uf tbo boils is a roildish-j^rov .-auil^touo, witb tino jjarticlcs and lilaniontrf of coppor, and has a thicknos~ of from one to two foot, while tiio lower is ii bluiA proy amygdaloid from oiiiiit to oiiflitoon inches thieli, witli ooarsor grains of copper, but i-ontainiiit; aliout tlie same porcoutago of that metal as tho sandstone. The apjioarance of a section of the upper bed is sliown in the woodcut below; tho larger irregular black sjiaces represent tho metallic cop])er. Those layers are underlaid by a soft argillaceous ash-bod, six foot or more in thickness, and containing from one-half to one jier cent, of cojipor, and below this is a massive greenstone. The cop])or - bearing beds are overlaid liy massivo compact greenstone, succeeded by amj'gdaloid and cou- glomorato. These strata dip south-eastwai'd at an angle of ;KI degrees, or at tho rate of threo feet in a fathom. Tho location was leased and worked by Mr, HuL'h R. Fletohor, of Toronto, to whiim we are iudel'toJ for tho facts given above. In 18(1(1, he took forty-tivo tons of tho ore to tho Bruce Klines, and there smelted one half of it without dros-in^r, olitaining about three per cent, of lino coppor. The balance was hand-dressed, and yielded on smelting seven and ono- eiglith per cent. —Ao/'7'r (' .'oijper. Xorth SlioroMt Lake Snperi'ir, Tliunaor) .,,. , ,- /■ j, . , ., P^ay Di,'s iif C ijiin'r. X.ar the IL'a.I .d' .^aliunii Ar.a, > /A— .l/;„/,,y Cn. :r.i„i,^>/\ K. C. JJ'ib.r, Jarvis Lih't, P.O. . >' /■>/., SVc/y., //,;,/,■, .So/^,,.'/, iJ.C. '•7. 'r''jiile rojipor ire Bornite). Tins or'', v-hi'di is -ivt far fi'iiui the sea-ooas{, at an (d-n-atioii of al)out :',,i)i!i» I'.'ot, '.vas li-e.iv"rol in !^r,,", and was \vorl;ed at intervals between flio years I''"" •~:i, ti^oujh rather witli tlio view of develnjiinL'' the property than the a.'tual .'yrraction of ore lor shipment. Three levels liave been driven >!i veins wiii.'h are reported to bo from 2 feet (I inehes to •"> feet <> inches in widfli. Assays have sliown oS per cent, of copper and aO ounces of silver t ") til'' ton. An a-isay of an averavje speeinien in tiie laboratory of the Geological Survey showed 4o per cent, of copper Tlio veins traverse L'ranites or highly altered r'lcks of the Coast Rant'o Series. -Malaspina. Mine, Texa.la Islaiia, P.C 5^''''":^ ^f"'f'"'lt<^'"-ti,., ( I idorni, Jl.C. '>0. Cuj)per pyrites, Tlds deposit occurs "u t}ie -here ■ f Malaspina Strait, less than 100 yards from '^ 40 MINKUALS OF CANADA. tho huiit'lt, iiii'l niMV tlio junction of liiue-tnui) with granitic rocks. The veiu i>- irrogulni in thickuos-i. A ilrift li:is tx'i'ii run iu about 30 yarils, but ujioratiout! aro at lu-c.-ont iu iibuyanci.', Echo Luke, Luko Tluron, O. (hoh^rjicd Sm-rn/. i'J. Yellow i-ojipor ore (Cbalcopyrito). — Ilinvniiu,. West Cuuiid.'i Mines, Lake Htiroii, O. freiih'i/i'ii.I Siii-rri/. % 1!>. Yollow auil variegatoil copper oi\\—C/tah,jiijnte (nd Borniie. Tho mines of tho West Canada Jliuiui: (.'omi)aiiy, although not now iu ojiora- tion, have boon worked louger and more oxtousively than any other copper uiiuos in the Doniiuiou. Tlioy conijiri.'^e throo originally distinct, but adjoining proiiortics— the IJrucc, Wi^Uington, and Huron Copper Bay. Tho liruco Mines wore the lirst which wore discovered, and work was coninienced in 184G. Operations were sul)seiiuently extended westward across tho other locations to a total length of nearly four uiilo>. Tlie veins, which all run iu a westerly direction, consist of a gauguo of white .(Uartz carrying cojiper pyrites, and cutting dark-green finely crystalline diorite. ("u the Bruce locirtiou, in addi- tion to working the main veins, several parallel veins wore opened, the largest of which was four feet wide. On the other two locations, however, operations wore almost entirely conliued ro two principal veins, each of which varied in ■width from aliout four to about twenty feet. Tho workings on the Bruce location were for the most part less than oO fathoms deep, while on tlu- other two they extended a little l.'elow OO fathoms. Some of the ore was smelted at the mines, and some f)f it was reduced liy a wet process ; tho greater portion, however, was ship])od to En.iiland, after having betii dressed, so as to contain an average of about I'O per cent, of copper. Owing to tho caving in of the most productive part of tho mine, and tho continual fall in the price of copi)er, operations were suspended in l''s75. Statistics of these mines, from their commencement in 184f) to their clo.se iu 1873, have been obtained, from which it apjiears that a total of -10.515 tons of 21 hundredweight of ore, ]U'ecipitate, ingots, and marketable slags were jirodiiced, and sold for about .s3, 300,001 ). The mines g.ivo employment to hundreds of men, and led to the establishment of a town, which has survived the susjiensiou of mining operations, owing to tho agricultural capabilities of tho country in tho viciuilv. — Iluniiuan. Princes Location, Lake Superior, O Geolorjkal Surwij. 20. Copper Glanco. — Chniocite. The country rock at Princes Location is a dark argillite, which is intorstratifiod with greenstone, and overlaid by a great thickness of that rock possessing columnar structure ; th',' whole dips to tho south-east at a low angle. These rocks are cut tran.svcrsely by a vein, which, on Spar Island is twenty feet thick and on the main land from four to live feet, and runs north-west. It is com- posed of calcspar, heavy s\)\.iv and amethystine rjuartz, tho latter apjioaring in druses in tho calcspar. With these are associated yellow, variegated and \i;i corpEK rviaiKs. 41 v.tn.ous Milphurots of cpp,,..- in ,,n„nising ,|un«tity, to-.thov witli iron pvvitos, I'londo au.l L'nleiia. Silver, l.oth nativ., nn.l n.s h suliauirot, al>.. occurs in tho vo.n lu a.l,liti.;u tu cb.U nu,l arsenic, .s well a. traces of '^oU.-Auhnikie Series, l.iiirer LaiiiliiuDi, Palmorsloii, O., west Iialf^ 'it' lot •_', I'luigc 9 (■ NtiriiiiiiL Clark, Misiissi)ipi SUdioit, <). 241. Copper pyrites, Tiio vein occur.- in dark greeu hornlilonde rocks and mica slates, and is said to average four feet in width. The gan,-u<' consists of nuartj; and calcite, and h.olds l.oth cupper and iron pyrites, — Aichovn. Acton Mine, Acton, lot .'Ji', I'lmffc :J 20. \ polished slab "f ihe copi)or-hoariuLr broi'eia. . Gcijjii(jir(il Surer i/. Tiio on^ of till' Acton niino consists of yellow, variegated and vitreous suljihurets ...f cojiper, disseminated tiirough do'lrnnile, and in jjlaces forming tho cmontiug matter of a calcareous breccia, which constitute- the upper part "f the dolomite band, and which is accompanied by a trap dyke. When first o))eued in 1>511, a considerable quantity of good (ire was raised, but operations liavc lioen susiH'iidod for somo vears, — l\e-(-''imliri(ni. Crown Mine, Ascot, 0., ) lot 2. lange (' | Orfard C(>i'ji''r (i,fl Sulplivr Coinpiiin/, C<(iiilf(„i, Q. 00. C'o]i];er pyrites (Chalcopyrite). Tliis mine is said to l)o producing aliout IS, 00ft t.ms of ore a year, all of which has been exported to the United States. Tho work is nuw for the most jiart coctiued to a shaft l,;5l'5 feet deo]., from which a number of levels have been driven, the longest being ;3(I0 feet. The cui.riferou- schist is said to vary in thickness from one to forty iQ^X.—Pn-Cumhrian. Albert Mine, Ascot, Q J. U. Xichil-6 Ikivu b.-en su.spond.nl siufc 5I;iy, is.s^, on iiuooimt of 'low jinco of o-ii]'Or. Tho ..)•(? wnrj troiitud l)y llonck'i-s.m'.s wot i.i'oees.f. It in proposod to orect sulphuric acid works iu coiinoction with tho works, ho as to lullv utili/o tiio ...re. Tho country rock is j, li.,'ht t;roy, (iiio.o.rainod mica schist, 'strikini,' n.^rth-cast iiud south-west. Tho vein, which nearly coincides with the foliation, consists of granular iron pyrites mixed with more or less coppei' ],vritos', usually ruuniug in streaks parallel to tho walls. It has an average thLdiuoss, lu the workin;.'s of ten feet, tho extiomo variation hoing Irom four t.i about tliiity feet. Tho dip, which is al)out .south-south-east, varies from eighty degi'ces to forty degree;., au'.l .-ivorages about thirty degrees. Tho propoi'tion of Popper is greatest towards tho footwall, but tho richest streaks seldom contain iNoro than ten per cunt— I'ie-Cam/,ri>in. Tlio Huntingdon IMini', Bolton, Q., '^ lot ,s, range s f- Clvdluijiciil Siiyrcy, !-'(!. C^jjper pyrites. The ore oi the Huntingdon mine couMsts diiellv cf a chloritic slato and 'liorit,. more or less imjiregnated with copper pyrites, \ofhiuv' has been doue :it this locality f.,r sovonil years, uor is any miuim,' boin- carried on at pr.^seut ait considerable quantities of oro yielding between four and five per "cent of copper were raised iu 1^74, and treated by the Henderson pr _/V-- I aiiiltrciii. ^ >t Francis :\Ii„,.. Cloveland, lot !'■>, I'ange VI l.;S. B.Muito, iiuri)le c.jppor oro with mal achite. Tliose ores are disseminated through a vein which is slightly obli,ue „. ,],o , 1 :; T ""T'-" "°'"^" "' '''''"''''"-' °f'^" ^uri-.,un,liug Id t " 'i ''""'?^';'"'' -'^'"S *° tho rock the aspect .f a„ auiv.,h" oid.il tinp. Tl.. vein has an average thickness of three feet, nid can bo -ced, running N.E. for ninety fathoms. Five or six small exc v: i n , f-t 'le,.p, and a few fathoms in length have been made in tho ..ufr^p' nd >w],lim-i;X.~Pn-C(imbriuii. .><-"ow Harvey Hill Mine, Leeds, Q., lot IS, range 1^ Ocol.^jiod ,s„;.,.,.^. 40. Bornito or purple copper ore, in a gangue of .^uartz and dol.mite, from the '-l-anny Eliza' lodo. 40a. Bornito and copiier pyrites, in nacreous Bchist. At tho Harvey Hill mine the country rock consists chielly of finelv micceous r m,cn,ous schists. Pu.pJo copper ore. copper glance anj cop; ^^ S'^" f nnd both m veins cutting tho strata and in beds conforLal,le with Z .^tratificati,.,.. Tho veins, which are irregular and lenticular in 1. h I' '•s^ COPPER PYRITK8. 4;{ a Kiingu,. of .luait/. and .Inloinito, with uiovo or Iosh oi.lcspi.r itml chlorite, ami in jijacoa contain titani- iron ore, niolylKlrnito and small ,,".uitiiios of uativQ gold. In tho l.e.ls the eoppor ore is distributed tlirou!,'hout tho nacreous schist in small patches, genorally of a lenticular form, as well as in irregular crystals and grainn. Miniii«o|,erati..ns have been carried on for many years, and sonio years ago worl;s subs,.,,uently destroyed by lire, were erected at the mine for tho treatment 01 tho ore by tlio Hunt and Douglass process. Operations luivo been susnoudod sinco ]><7'.K—Pn-(',im/jii/iv. G-.ivlhhy, lot L>L>, mngo (north) 1 Lholof/ical Survey. li'on and copper jiy rites. Tlii.^ appears to be a largo deposit of iron and coj.per pyrites in calcareous serpentine, and which runs N.E. and S.W.. with a dip ab.iut S.E. .".O de-rees. Tho thicl• Mlniuj fomunnn, CM.unty, ^.U -^ Ihrchsttr, X.B. ' o. Copper glance (chalcocite). This copper deposit is near tho contact of tho millstone grit with the red marly sliales of the Lower Carlioniferous. Tlio ore occurs in jiuckets and bunches wlicre it has been precijatated by the action of tho organic matter ..f fossil plants uiion solutions of copper, and is often associated with small layers •A coaly matter. The band of sandstone containing tho oro is from six to eight toot tnick, and is said to be in i.laces so charged with tho finely distributed mineral, as to contain from four to six j)er cent, of copper. This '..re has been mined, to some extent, chielly with a view of developing tho deposit and exporimoiits have been made to test the possiljility of concentrating it on the -pot. — ( itrdoiii/'i-roiis. Glengary, Pictou county, X. S ,/„/,,, dnnd, /lilifi.r, X. S. 1 to. Copjier ore. — Aiclucan. Antigonish, N, S l, Johnstum; Stdhtrtm, X. S. 471). Copper pyrites (chalcopyrite). College Lake, Antigonish, N. S n. P. Fraser, Pictou, N. 6'. 4'"2. Co])por pyrites (chalcopyrite). 44 MINERALS (»r CANAI'A. ]:< LocUiilii.'r Lnlu', Aiitipouisli, X. S. . tf^nia, /Imlst'K, Alhimi Mint-, A. S, l.^u, C'u)>iioi' pj'i'ito.i (cliiili.'0|pyiito). f f'VJ Coxbeath, Cipo Breton. N. S. -J ^s>;,,.,, r.;,. Ihrt X .S 47-1. C'l-ippi'!' jiyritcs (ciuiloujivyiti/). t f 1 \ Iron oro. „ II. Flux ] . ., /'. Cojipor uiiittc. ,. <■. Sla-. „ '/. Assay saiuiili's. Jlinincr oppratinus of a soiiiowimt oxton>ivL' clmrue'tor avo iu iivogress lioro. In addition !•) copper tho Coxlieatli lodo also carries silver, nu assay by C. T. Li'e yielding — Silver ;!5 ov„ per ttin, valuo at dad' ,<;.">'."ii Gnid 1-r. ,, ., ii;f Copper L'O 1-5 per cent, per ti-ii value chimi T..tai vahio \u-:-y.; Lead, a trace. Araouic, none. (Report of Progress of the Geological .Survey, l.^.'^2-.^4, p. ItuH.) f I '% .V ti'ial of this ore on a larLTC scale was uiado last Octolicr by M'r. E. D. Peters. Jr., at t!io Bay State Smelting and UolininL.' Works in Boston, llass. The oro was smelted in a 150-inch wator-jaeket furnauo, and tho coke, as well as the iron oro and limestone used for flux, wore brini.nht from Capo Breton. Tho oro smelted was a mixturo of three gradi's. intended to I'ojn-esent al.iout the average run of the mine. The analyses of the-" three grades are as follows: — First Grac: (Seloeteil ore.) Co])per IIIMO Iron i;5-(ii' Silica u2-70 Sulphur , 18-ln Lime. Aluminia, iVc. not dot. 07\s2 Second Grade. Third Grade. ((Joarso (Low-,L;rado on.'. ) scrDeuiuu'S.) :>-:,{) ;5-u 11-84 7-1,^ (iO-SO 7;5-(i() 11-1:5 .sti4 not det. not dot. l)(i-()T i»2-j(; The charge of oro smelted •weighed i;!.4,")0 lbs., and contained 5'2 percent, of copper. A clean matte containing 37-2 jier cent, of copper was obtained, one ton of coke smelting seven tons of cliarge. The results of the trial were con- sidered very satisfactory, and Mr. Peters states that, taking into consideration the prices of fuel, flux and laliuur, smelting can iio dono far more cheajily at tho mine than at any point iu tho L'uited States, and probably cheaper than at any extensive works in America or Europe.— P/'e-Cuwi/'ia/). -;* ZINC IILKNDK. 45 ZINC. -I'm :ioro. ". T. Zinc nii'il-lr (ir Sii|[,lii,l,. ,,t' Ziiir I!l..iulc Liiko. ne,ir Tliuii.lor J!;.y. Lake Sniiorior, O. . li,n/.,,/ir„l Snr>r>,. A voin nl.ont oiuht foot wi.l.. ,.,, tho shore of Blou Lai;.', a snuill shoot of «Mtor aliom one milo uiul a half N.N.W. of tho hoad of Tli.ui.lor Bav. Tho vein nius oast ami west. Tho north wall consists of bods of forru,>,'iuniiH and siliooouK ■ •lay slatos belongiuite,l.)_//Mco„,v,„. ors. ore ron oro Zonitli Zinc Mine, Nortli Shore of Lako (,„, , ,. , ,..,,, ■Supcrioi', O. -{l niJ3A. k'fjrr, I'nrt Art/mr, II. Ul. riendo. Tho oro occnrs in two parallel vei„s ti-avorains? nias-ive .liorite about twelve uiilos to the north of McKay's Harbour, ^.u the Canadian Pacific Railwav. The route to it is by a series of lakes and jiortagos on tho course of tiij White Sand Kiver. Tlie deposit is an oxcoodingly interesting one, and when more easily accessible may prove of cousiderablo value. Already some 400 or 500 tons of ore have boon raised, but as thoro is at proseut no available road from tho mine to the lake shoi'o. it cannot bo s,'nt to iw.n-kot.—Ifiiroi.iuu. ,Silv •cr Lake Location, Thunder Bay, O Gcolu^hnl Survey. 130. From a voin ou tho ab..ve location, described under galoni; (p. 47), and which also contains lilendo in considerable ^uautitios.— A'(>(y;o/4 Series. NICKEL. Orfonl, Q, lot -3. range l.'J | ^'U"^''^ Cot, per an'I Siilj>/iiir C>,., Sulphurot of nickel (."\Iillerite). ^ ^An attempt was made to work this deposit, but the result proved unsatisfactory. (Xo specimen exhibited).— P-f-(';//(///-/a«. w 46 MINKUALS OF CANADA. «! LEAD. I Guk'iui oi' Sul[)lii(lc- (.F Lead. Scotch Creek, Shiisw.-ip Lake B (' ' ^"'" '''"'''"' ■^fii'i'i"/ d,., ' /''. /A(//.-/, I'irfnria, n.c. '•'*>. (iiilouii (iirgoiitiforuu-<). Spocinions from -liiroroni ,,„■!, of llii. lo.I,. w.-ro ;i.-.sayo.l in tl,o Inlmmtorv ,>f tho (roolo-ici.l Survey, i.u.l louna to ■•outiiiii from U oiiucos f^ 47 ouii.m.'s ..f ■silvor to tho tun. Kootanl.. Lake. ]}.C. . //. /,. 'f. 'i.H.vnlth. M.l'.l\. Ilriti^h ChnJ.h,, 1"-. Giiloiw (argontiforou>). In Kss.-, as many ns forty-uiuo claiujs Iki^I l.oo.i l..,r:,to,l iu tho viduitv of Kootanio Luko, ohielly on galona .ioposit^ Thoso ,!u,,osits Ikivo uot been oxammod by tho (ioological .Survoy. hut assays ma.lo in t!io hihoratory havo shown a.s muoh as V,}, ounces of silvor to tho ton. Kokcsailah Eivor, C',wn,.han Eny, B.C. . Chn.. A. V,r>a,u, Vldwi;, B.C. 104. Galena (said to Ijo argoutiforous and auritorous). North Shore of Lake Superior, Thunder ) .,., Bay District, O. j Ihua. A. lu,j\,; l',„t Arthur, 0. iOo. Galena, "1 Neebing, lot 2o, Thur ,.«trict. O o'.oA,,/,./ .sv,,,,, t<. Galena (a, . ..rous)_.l,,/,«//./e .V,,/„, I,,,,, Cambrn, '-III, Victoria Mine, Gar.lon liivor, near Sault Ste. Marie, O. . iirti ij. Location, " IhIuiuI Nd. i' in Silver Lake." (). \ \'^. (iali'im. (.'. ir. /A \V,„r„>; 'I'vri'ittii, 0, ■*/<■' Tlii> voiii (.11 till' i-l;in(l known us " Isl:in4 N'm, •_' " rim. in'arly diki tm.l \vo-L'rilio(l us liciiiL; iiljoiit sis foot wi.lf. with fjoml wiills. 'I'lu' g;m:.'ui' cuu^isin chiolly of oiiluspiir, with somo ciuiirtz aiul l>;iritt>, but lmii'i.'s n fnir pi'..iiuiti.in ->f giil.nia iiccompnnioil hj- lpli>niK>, Two .sinnples ni ilrnssoil niv, ii- ,yoil l,y Prof. Cliiiimiuii, grtvo au avoriigo of o7%'<;5 per com. of li..i,.| iUid two ouni'i's six p<>iiiiywcii;hts nf silver pel' t-n if I'.OIK) 11k,— AVy-/./i.// Srn'.s. Liiki; Tomisciiuiimgiic, irpj.cr Ottawa K. I'. Wn^i'it. ntt.,,r.i, n. 4.'!;). (jiiiioua in gMiigin', ,. (I. ., <.'.iU'>JUllMtol i.'l'O. A spacimuu "i this i.'ali'U;i, entiroly frooil from g:in-u.>, yioMi'il to Dr. ]'.. ,T. ILirringtoii is-ji.-.c; uimcos ..f ,-ilvor to tlio t'ou.— lliinm/'nii. Tiidur, ()., lor I'T, range it. Galena. (in,i„j;,iil s nrrfij. Xumerous veins nf n-,l,>i iu a ganguo of oithor riiloit.' or hurito. or i.f l.ntli tlio niinorais. iuter-t'ct the country rock in tliis as woll :is in the a Ijciuinu' town- ship of i^ako. — fAtitniiliaii, Chats Island, Fitzn.iy, 0. . , 172. (falona. ,. u. .. (prills). ., //. I'ii,' load. ( .1. '/"/(/< ,1 (.'•.. Kill'l-it'ni, (>., 'lull ( (ifc/iiijical l^iiyi'' ij. Tlii> vein from v.-hijli tlicso .spociuun- aro (jhiaino'l (jon-i-t~ of a coar.si.' orystallino calcite. lioldin^r. in addition to tlio galena, small nuantitii's of pyriti" and blendo. Tlio vein, whioii varios in width from one to six feet, has hoou ponetrateil liy tbr'-O shafts, tlii' do'.'pest of v.iiich i.-- .-i.vty f.'ot. The ore, as it comes from the shalt, is hrolion liy hand, and I'onci'ntrated to al; at s.^veuty I or eent.. in whioli sliapr it is i.lii])piHl to tho Fr.mtonae Load Miniuir ami Suu'iliu:.'' C'omiiauy, at King-ton. ^^MUwxo.— La'in iiintn. 7'!1 :•# 48 ^riNEKALS OF CANADA. Limerick, O.. lot 1, vnn>j;t^ ;i r»sl Giilena, woighin£,' about L"ii Ihs. (tf(JitijioiI Siirceij. Tli.^ i^voin f.v„n whi,.h tliis .ponin..n is t.kou i. .ituatc.l liftv-six inilos north Ot Bollov.lle, 01, Liiko Oaia.vh>.— Ln„rcHtimi. 'I It Frontonac Load Mine, Township of Loughborough, 0. . . rhoh,,i,;a 6',.,.m/. <)''^4. G.-iIoiKi in iriiniruo ul cali-ito. ^r h^ X>rr'" ;':!':!^>^'fl-l -^'^ tl-'^ '-'l-l' orvs,.lli„e linu-stone. all . Itl,o„,.h ,u a, depth ot s,xty foot in tho u>r,i,, shaft it lu.oon.o.. vortioal. The ^e,u..st.,no consists of calospar. ...uorally sho.iu. a haml,..! stvuoturo an I c.^ ain.ng ,u addition to ,alona su>all quantities of Mond.. and in. and o^ppor ynto>. Tl>o galona occurs in bunches, scattorcl ihrou.huut the whole vein, -ut appoars to bo most abundant towards the north wall. This and indeed, jst ,., the lead-bearing veins of Ontario, are probably of the .san>o a.^e as those of Jvo.ssie ,n No A- lork State, which cut rocks of both tho Potsdam and Calci- content of galena seem to be attained where they traverse crvstnlline Ihne- .tones, wh.le ,n tho >ntorstratified gneisses and di.,ites the .^alena is often i-oplaced by blende, copper pyrites, or other minerals.-Z,..v.^/.r .Soutli Side of Little WJiah' Rivor, X.E.T. 10 and 11. Galena. 'niijo/jica? Siirrei/. This nnnoral is said to occur in bunch., in . drusv ma^iiesian liuiestone abcuU^ won y-tive feet thick. A specimen fron, the no,,h ^.ide ir ^ a-ajed by DrIIarnngton contained .V104 ounces of .ilver to the ton Thi :::si:::^or' '' "i^'^^r ':'' " ''- ^"'-"- ^' which^rnch^: nl H 100 lbs were observed. This ore, separated froni tho ,^an.ue c,ve to Dr. Harnn^ton 12...;; ounces of silver to the ton of .'.oou lb:. 1 i;; ■ 'Series, Lower Cwiihrian. . lo.. .uiimif^te -':n Guvsboi-ough county and St. Paul's Island,? , , Cajje Breton, N.S ■■ John Graut, llali/.i,; N.S. l\o. Galena (argentiferous). Isl'n;!r'A.!r' ";"-"''''""'"'^^'^^°^ ■^"■^ -" ^ "--- -ck on ^ island. — t^re- (. amhnau. >'mithiield, Hants county, X.S. ■171. Galona (argentiferous). f. Paul's ( Jlantscocidij, y.S. \% w s[Lvi:ij ov.v.^. 49 SILVER Niitive Silver and Silwr Oits. Cassiai'. llritish f'oluniliia Dr. J. Ff. /'(."■///, J',W., ri.i. /i.e. ;l'.li). Ar.jUi vito {silver iuii;ilir;imi. 'J his uiiiuM-nl. :is \v,.ll as native oo]>i,or, is found iu tlio washing- vvith the :iUiiviaI -ni,i iu i;.,|-theru Britisli Cohiiubia. (See also Xo. .•;7 in the (t..),] C'l'Ueotiou. ) Vital Creek, JJritisli C.-.liinibia lV,7/;,n„ ]V;k,„>. Vidorin, Jl.r. '.tl. Ar.|uori;o i-ilvor amaliraui), hiriro nuu'.et and smaller grains. Found ill .urave! in tlio Ijed oi the creek. ^ Uiiirets and gruiiis nf native silver or silver amalgam have been found in wa-hin^r lor ir-ld in sovoral jiarts of Britisli Columbia, the lar-est being obtaiurd iu the Ominiea g.dd distriet, on a brandi of the Peace River. .s uus.^et fr:.m thi.s distri>'t. analysed l)y Messrs. Riotio & Leckhardt. of Sau Franeit",,. contained .Mlvers;;-;!,i;.,.>r cent., mercury 11 mk), 'eaj (J'-io, copper (l-2i). as well as traces ot giJd. platinum, and iron. — Alhirion. Fcrt Hope. British Columbia Uv•!'.*. Argculifi-'ruus l'VO. 1 ;!."). Concontratod ore from two pans of clay mattor taken from mouth of tunnt'l. • ;4", Ai'goutiferous oro (surfaeo). — PaiaDiuic. Stiunp Liik,', Nicolii, B.C II'. F. .Vrr:-lh,in/I<. VIchn-ki, D.(\ .')")S. Aui'iforous and argentifi'rous oro. A spofinion from this locality fxamiaed hy ^tr. HotTmann c-onsi edof jjalona, associated with tctniliodritc, small .piautiliog of iron pyrites, coppcu- lyritos. *<•.. in a gansjue of ((uartz. It was found to (contain n<'ai-ly an ounce of gold, and over KM) ounces of silver to the ton, — Palecozuic. Cherry Crook. "R.C /<'//// Mcrritt. Tu>\\. Argentiferous ore. This is an exceptionally rich oro. but somo difficulty has boon experienced in following the vein. No extensive mining operations have yot been imdertaken. The oro aj)pears to consist of fvoiboririto with galena and blonde. Average specimens broken from a large mass yielded 'ioS-4M7 ounces of silver to the ton. — P, from which date to ISsf mining was pro.secuted more or loss contin.. .sly. The aggregate yield is estimate.l at aliout .<;:;,000/i()(i. Tho vein having deteriorated, work\-as stopped in tho spring of 1S>S4, a doptli of 1,2;;(» foet having 'u'lm reached.— Aniiiiiku' Si:rins, Luirer (_\unhrin,t'ii„ }[;„;„ silver. — Aniiinkii: Series, Lower Camlirian. Duncfui (l'(iriiiei'lv Slmiiiah) Miii' Tliiuul.'r linv. (.). . n-.-'. J. Ke,f,r. I','r( Arfh \»r, \1'I. Xotive '^livor aud aigoutito. This mine, at whii'h w.irk has Iieou susprndod siuco H^:!, is .situated ou lot s (,1 ;lie townsliij) of Melutyre, about four miles uorth of the town of Prince Arthur. The vt>iu is about thirty foot wide ,Tt the surfa-e. and the ilver are s]'iaiinuly iUO feet, A borius; was tlieu made, by nn'ans c.if a diamond drill, from the liiat'im of tiie shaft f"r L'.io feet more. Tlio cores were all of tlio sanio red syenitio rock. The total depth reached was tlurs 1.050 feet. Tho country-rock at tho mine i-ousists of a variety of grauulir siliceous, chorty and dark (soni'dimes black) argillites, lyinc ahiiost horizontally. A thick bed lif crystulliuo diorit'"' overlies those rocks f^ir a;i area of several sijuare miles iumiediatolv to the southward of the vein. — Aniiuik'f Srri'rs diiil llnri'iiiun. *'i 'A TluinLlur Bay Silver ]\Iiiu\ Luke 8upin-iur, 0.. 2;!. Native silver in .luan/. , ilf.ilnijicii] Si'rm/. Tho lodo at this mine, which has beer, abandoned siueo 1S7(!, consists of closely reticulated veins <..f while g-r.anular i|uartz. the largest being about oao fool thick, and tho aggregate averaging perhap.s ten feet iu widtli. It runs north-eastward witii a slight underlie to the north-woit, and cuts a series of tlaggy dark drab ,aid grey to black shales, iuterstratilied with dolomitic beds, which are ov<>rlaid a short distance t.j the north-west i)y a massive bod or over- tlow of dark crystalline diorite, Tln' vein has been traced fur upwards rm of grains and tilamonts mixed with the .[uurtz, and uls:' as silver-glauce.— .bj/i/f/^vV .Series, Lower Camhrian. Bi'aver Silver ^Miiic, near Port Arthur, li ,,,, , ,- r> , , ,, Thunder Buy District, (J ) ^■"'-- •'• '^"^"■' ■^"'•' -l'- ■tOl. Cabinet I'outaining argi/ntiferous ores. ■loll'. ,, of native wood contaiiiinL' auriferous ores. -lulr. Argentiferous ores. Ahiiiiikie Series, Li'^wo.r Camhrian. SILVER ORES. 53 Silver Creek Mino, North Shore ) „,, , ,. of Lake Superior, O. ) ■ ■ •^''"*'- -i- h>t/n\ I'nrl Arthur, <). 417. Silver-itlauco {i\.v%;iint\M.—Aniinikie Series, l.o'ccr Cambrian, ■■Silver Creek Mine, Tliiui.hn- Hay ( District, O '. j -''"'-■• -i- A'',/'"-, I'^'rt Arthur, O. •"l",i. Argontiforous oros in oiliinet uia.lo of nutiv.' won \.—Aii,'iiii!.-ie Serii's, Lower ('(iialirinii. Poieupiiie .Silver Mine. Thuiid'T ( l;ay iJistriet, () ( '-'"'^- -'■ /^"/"•. ''"'■t Arthur, <>. ."•1-. Ar:,'('ntiforeiis ores in c;ibinut made fi'oiii n.itivo wood. U-*. Silv.'r ylan'O (arirentito). Aiiiinil'i Series, Loicnr Cnmhrinn, Tlie Or-wn Tohit Mine, North) „,, , ,- . „ , , ,, Shore ur Lake Supeiior, O. , . . ) ' ' ''""■ •'• ^'" '"'■ '•"* -Arthur, <>. i 1 '■>. Siivi.r-gl.meo /aryoutito; iu X^AVii^.—Aniiaih-h: Sirif. Loicer Vainhrian. East Eiiil Mine, Silv.r Mnuntain, / ,,., ,,-.,, Thnn.l.T Day Distriet, (J I ' ' "'"■ "'• ''"■'"'' ^ '"'^ Arthnr, O. i'JV. Ar_''i'iitilerons or>s. — Aniuiihie S'iri,'<, Lmrir Ciiml/r/dii. Silver .Al^aiutahi :Mine. Thnnder Bay > .... , ,. ,- ,,.,,, District, (> .y !,.i. A. h'rj.r, r^.rt Arthur, (). ■"■ill. .Viu'eutiferoiis ■•■i-i'^^ ill calMuot made of native weud. — AniiniL-k Scricn, f.inrrf ( '(iiiihriiui, Si.ar Dl ind ^line, Thunder T'.ay' ,,,, , ,- . r. , , ,, Distrie;, O ', ' ""'• ''• ''"■"'■^ ^'"■^ -''■'^""•' '*• l-'i. Ai L'.'Uiilei- Ills i.-'iii;)or-L:-lan_-o. — .\".l,tiikie .S-.wV.v, Low. r (' 7 , .? TbmahT I!,y District, } ^'""- ''• '^"-^"'^ ^ '"'^ '^''''""•' ^'- \1\, S|^,'ciuieus ef tilt? 'avs en tablo mado of native wcod. — Aniiiukie Series, Loirer Cumhriun. «fp 54 JIINF.RALS OF CANADA. 1 Tip Top, Tlirrliland 1111,1 Kani Kain } ,„, , ,- . ,. Mine.s, Thiiiuloi- Riiy District, ().. . j ''"''■• ''• '^^^'C/^''. l'>rt Arthur, O. oa;j. Argontiforoiis iind aiiriforous oi(;s in cabinet lundo of native wood.— Animikiv. Serins, Lower Ciimbriau. Tlmndor Bay District, O. (Various ) 7,, , ., , „ , . „ Localities) f -''"''• '!• J^ee/cr, Port Arthur, 0. '34. Arfjontiforous ores in cabinet made of native vtooCi.—Animik Lower Caiiihridtt. le deries, ^'t?^: n"' ^'^'''-''' ^'"^''' ^"'"'^ '"^"1'^'- I '^^'""- -1^'"*' ^""' '^I'-h'dlar Bros., "^^''^ j ThaudirBay, (>. ' 14. "Brown ore." Tliroo miles west of tlae mouth of Little Pic River, ami one mile north of the .shore 01 Luke Superior. Th.. vein has an avera.w thickness of three feet and IS very i.or.sistont, having boon traced for a distance of iive miles. At the above locahty Us course is N. ilT^ W. (Ast.) The veinstone is principally white and reddish bitter ..par, and "brown ore," with galena and blende, while the couiitrv rock IS greenish-grey silicious slate. The silver occurs chiellv in the "brown ore, tln-ee assays of which yielded Mr. C. Kreissman an average of ft25-95 to the ion.— iluruniaii. ' * Little Pic Mine, Lake .Superior, O Thos. A. Keef,r, Port Arthur, 410. '-Brown ore'' from a depth of 80 foot. 0. GOLD. The most important auriferous ro"-ions if f'mn.ln „,.„ •<- ^ t , Of l^itish Columbia, .uebec, aud X^ ^0:11^ t^^^:: : r ^" ! ZtZ L.st formmg the extreme eastern portion of the Dominion. Gold a, found l^n^^t^t ^T'''"'''^'^"':'^''''''''''^ '"^"^' '' L^^'^*^ O'^tario in the focnlUcw in V T "'T' """r " ''^°''''^ '' ^''"^ ''"«" f'^-"'l in a few lot.iiuies in Aew Brunswick Tn Rritit,), n 1 1 • . . . •" n ii,n ■■*■ GOLD, 55 oros. lu tho counties of JIadoc and Maruioni, iu tlio ))rovince of Ontario, in auriferous uiistpickol. In Quebec tho ])lacor deposits of tho Chaiidicro region and of tlio ti>wnslii[) of Ditton are the only ones in which much work has yot liooii attomptod. Tho gold of Xova Scotia is found iu quartz, tho alluvial gold so tar discovered being quite incouniderable in quantity. Native gold o'Ji. Alluvial gold Gcolojicat Survey. A colloction of apocimona of placer gold and models of uugu'ots, etc., chietly from British Columbia, but including also specimens from the Saskatchewan, and from tho Chaudifere district in the province of yuobec. (These specimens are, for convouience, placed together with separate numeration, which departs somewhat from the order observed iu the rest of the catalogue.) British Columbia. Gold is very generally distributed throughout this province, but tho ricln'st gold-llelds follow a region of mountains and high plateaux comprising tho Pur- cell, Selkirk. Gold, and Cariboo ranges and thoir north-western continuati(,ins, lying to tho soutIi-wi>st of tho Rocky ^Mountain range properly so called, and paralltd iu direction to it. Gold is said to have been first discovered in paying quantity within the limits of the province near Xicoamou on the Thompson llivor, not far from its junction with the Frasor. Minors began to flock to the province in 18.").S-.")!», or ten years after the "rush" to California in 1841). The "bars" and "benches" of the Fraser first attracted attention; l)Ut tho miners wore not long in working their way fiir up toward tho head-waters of this great river. In 1S(!0 work may be said to have fairly commenced in the Cariboo district, Oniiuica was developed about 1809, Kootanio in 18^io, and in ISSiJ the rush to the Uig Bend of the Colum- bia took ])laco. In 1872 Cassiar was discovered, and work began on an extensive scale in the following year, while I88o has boon marked by tho development of tho Granite Creek region. Oi all thesis districts that of Cariboo has proved the richest, and has been most continuously productive. The total yield of gold of the province of British Cohunliia to tho end of the past year (1885) may ije estimated at §4!>,342,oOO, of which Cariboo has probably yielded nearly $3(),UOO,()IIIL Tlie iipproximate guld product by years, as well as the number of miners employi'd and their average earnings, is given iu tho annexed table. As no oflicial record bus been maintained of the gold exported, tho figures are not exact, Tuey aro based on the amounts actually shipped liy tho banks and express comj)anies. these Ijoing in each case ^to 1877) increased by one-third to rei)resent unreported gold carried away in private hands. From 1877 the amount so nlded is uue-llftii. f '•{ 50 MINERALS or CANADA. VlMl. f II is:.s. I >') iiiontlis \ IS.",'. I l.scu ISlil ISllL' } \si;:\ i lsr,r, IhCS isii!) isrii 1871 1S72 1873 1874 187.-I isrc 1.-7 7 187S 187!I 1880 1881 K^8:> l8s;i 1884 l.S8.-> Totiil.. r'.ii.i'.")--' 7.'!ii. m;."> (;7n,7,'-;i '.).:Ul',.5.">s Aiiimint nrciv(4 Niiinlicr 111' Avi'l'ii);!' iiniiuiil hy li.iiiks mill Jl'.mr- 1 .iiiunjrh piT I'riv.itc llimd!i. 0111] liiycil. Illllll. s $ ."iL'll.llOO :i.ll(ll> 17:t l.(;i.'.,n7L' 4,1100 4(i;{ L'..'L'>i..M;i 4,4(10 .'(Oi; L',(iiii;,ii^ 4.:.'oo (i:i4 1 4.100 517 4,L'4 4,100 84!» ;<,4'.'l,L'ii.-. 4.-.'!i4 811! •J,>u\-J.\iu; ■j.\fs-2 MCi '2.4.'^< 1,8(18 .■M144 814 -'.:;7i'.'.i7L' L'.;!1M) !l!)2 1.774.'.>78 :.',;!(!!• 741" l,:!;;i;,ii.".i; '.',:!48 r,.4Hi L'.4."iO TM l,(;io,:i7L' i',4oo (mI l,;ii..-.,74ii i'.:!O0 .".(h i..N|4.(;i8 2,st;f< (;4.{ i'.474.1Mi4 2,OL'4 l.L'L'L' l.78ti.(;48 iM-'iS-' 78;i \,iUISAS-J I.'.KIO 8-_>() l.--'7."'.-'ii4 l.S.s! (;77 l,-.".MMI."i.-< -'. 1 L'4 007 i,ni;;..^L'7 1,11."..". 518 i.ii4(;.7;i7 l,8'.i-< 551 ;(.'. l.o,">."> i,7;'.8 548 ii Tho fulIowiuL,' noti^s give iu :i suLiiiiiiirizoil funu ^ lUiv' t'luss ■.•.ini'orniiij.' o:icii ut tiio (lisltii-ts uieiui'iiioil nbovo. Tbo Kraser llivvT aiul soiii ■ vi its main ti'il)UtnrieH avo .still worki'il to a liinited oxtont, thnuL'h all tlu' vi'/hi.T bars bavo loa,n' sinoij bocu twbaust.nl. f'.u'ilioo, from wiiicb t!;o yvratf^t ijiKiiitity oi ltoUI was obtainocl in 18(!4, i.s still steadily worked with ju'oliiabli-' results. In l.^,s4, the total iiinnl)er of miners in this distriet was aouut l,ooo, lu tiie Kiiotauie distriet tlioro are a uumlier of ontlyiug '• dig\u-ings." but liie I'iehe-'t ,,'round haa been I'ounil in a len.Litli of abuut two miles nn Wild Horse Creek, .'^oino crooks iu tbo BIl,' I'lond wore fouud very riidi, but these wei'o sliou wnrked out or abandoned, owing to tlio scarcity of provisinus and inac.'essiliilitv ' =' ihe region. (,)miuica, though a very jiromisiug district and .still suiijiurtiuL: a small numbor of miners, is heavily handicap[ied by its great distance fr.'in s.iurees ..f -upjilv. Casdar is reached liy tho Stiokoen River, tbo disirict b-ing dr. lined by tho I'oeders uf tlie Liard, a tri!)utary to tho McKon/.ie. It is iii.> me.s: ni.rtherlv of tho roC'.gnised mining districts, and bus yielded a large nuantitv of gold, rrospectors are now pushing urn-thward from it, along the tribut.iries of the Yukon. Tho di.scovery of rich placers on Granite Creek, an affluent of the Tulameen .C'. .','rn/n,j;,.tl Snnri/. Gold valuo §i'8''25. Gold No. oil. Keitlily Creek, Cariboo, I5.C y, ll.E., in 1835, since whieh date repo.ated e.\aminations have shown it to be distributed over much of the country lying between the Chaudiere River and the boundariosof Maine and New Hampshire, and embracing tho south-eastern townships of tho iirovinco of (.thiebec. Although by washing, more or loss gold may bo found in nearly every stream in this area, its pro- fitable oxtrnctiou has, as yet, been contiuod to twu li;calities, namely — tho upper waters uf tho Salmon River, in the county oi Compton, and along the Chaudiiro and its tributaries, in tho county of Beauco. No attempt has yet been made to work the quartz veins, which occur in these districts, operations A. GOLD. 59 ht<\nn outiioly i.-oiiliiiod to alluvial iliggings, MJtliougli from tlus roHoaroho^ of Mr Mi.'lu'l nn.l tho U4snj-H of Dr. T. S. Hunt (sou Roj.ort of tho UooloKinil Sui'vov, ISiii;). it U oviilent that inatiy of tho (juartz loads aro Huflleicutly lii'li to III) woikud with proflt. Tho ooourroneo of nu^'j,'ots, which uro HomotinwH quite rajfKed, and havo angular pieces of quartz attacliod to thorn, show that rii'ii jjold streaks uiust occur in tlio vicinity, oapocially as thoso jiiooos aro fro.|Uoiitly |.i(!kuu ip in oln.-^o proximity to tho ((uartz voius. Tho amount «i ;,'nld ohtiiiuod froi.. tiio various miuos cannot bo aseortainod. Work has boon oarrioil on in a desultory way for somo years, on a section of tho Littlo Dittou Riv.'f, about ouo mile in loni,'th, aud [jrohubly about $100,000 worth "f K"l'l li;'-< h(>oii takon out, thouLrli .)n aooount of tho fjenorally Hat chariictor of the country along tho stream proiduiling tho application of hydraulic sluices, tho bod rock on which the heaviest gold is always found has not often bfon reached. Tho appliances also wore ot tho rudest kind, Tho iiresonco of old river-chamicls in tho Cluiudiiro Rivor valloy, which aro many foot bolow tho jiroiont level of the rivor, and which, when reached, are found toboo.\coodingly ricli iu coarse gold, will, without doubt, in tho near future, make this valloy or.o of 'he richest mining districts of tho Dominion. Gold \(). 21. Lots IT ana LS, Du Lory Conces.siou Seiguory of \'iUKlr('uil, Bwuice county, Q. Gold No. 22. First llringc N.E. of River des Plantcs, Soignory of Vaudrcuil county, U. Gold No. 2;i. Lot IG. Chaussogi-os concossion, Gilbert Eiver, Seignory of Vaudrt'uil, Beauce county, Q. Gold No. 24. Ditton, Q., lot 41, range s. Gold No. 2.), Lots 17 and is. De Lory Concession, Seignory of Vaudreuil, Beauce county, Q. No. ;j;j. Model of gold nugget, tributaries of the Cliaudiere Eiver, Beauce county, (J. No. ;J1. Model of gold nugget, tributaries of the Chaudiere River, Beauco county, Q. No. :i.'>. Modil of gold nugget, tributaries of the Chaudiere Eiver, Beauco county, Q. No, ;i(). Model of gold nugget, tributaries of the Chaudiere Eiver, Beauce county, Q. .Slate Creek, Parish of St. George, county of | „, , ,„ .,,, ,, Beauce, Q ...)"•''• '^^^"'' ^^''«"^«' ^• .'0.". Placer gold, value about §.'533. From a doiith of 1.S7 foot in an old river channel. ]' I i 60 MINKK'ALS or CANADA. Luncnl)frg county, N.S. . . /•''. 71'. Christie, ned/or'l Staff, „>, X.FI. UK). Aiu'iforous iilluvinm fioui '• Tlio Ovf>ns," ditimtod on tlio si'iiMlmro, lour mill's Houlli of tho town of Lunonlmrff. Sonu" <:oh\ Ims lioon obtaiiio.l iu thin diHtrict )„hfhit>' "f .Unn.% I'idiou'a, Ti.C. -il7. ImiM ill .juiivtz, taken frniii tli,. surface. Tlu. OKtcusion of tho CaiKulian Pacilic Railway throu^l, the soutlieru ,.o,.tin„ et 111." '• J,i- U'lnl ' country has niado this district comparativejv easv of access and auriferous veins from which the ,,lac,.,s ^vorkod in fonuor vcars have been sui)]i,knl ai-e now bogiuiiiug to bo discovered. ^' ■| 1.1 Ilixon Civek. Frasor liivor, al.ov.. , V"'«'"/ <>ns at tho l.overnn.ent Assay Ulllco at Earkerviilo are reported m havo vadded from s:^8 to §1^74, and others by Kuhn A: Lockhard. of San Tranci.co SSr'.ii' to SllO'i'L' i)er ten oi iMino Ml w WatuI Mountain, Cariboo, B.C v. ,n,/^,,,, r„ri! /i,r. r^rrj. Auriferous ,uart. from " F„x Led^e.- Veia said to be two feet wide. Island Mountain, Cariboo. 1!.C. 5.D;!. Auriferous quartz, upDer tunnel. lower Vein said to bo four i'eet widu. >'. Wulhr, Carihoo, JJ.C (R)LD OUKH. 01 I, r 1 /I •! II /-I ( 'iliil"'ii 'mill .]fiiilll'l ''I,, lirttliih n'li. Auiil'DriMis nuait/, Voiii Miid lo lio T2 foot wMo. L(>wli((' Mouiitiiin, Ciirilioo, li.C, MomiU'jIit <'<>,, fnvi'lKn,, II. r. ri,"(ii. Auril.'i'oiiH nu irlz. Voiii sni.l to Ijc iiiim I'l'ct wiilo, Lowlici' Crnrk, ('iu'ibod, B.C. T.iiii'li,,' d,,, (\irih'>'.. Ii.( ' •"i.'i", Am ifiM")u^i i|Uin't/. Vein siiiil t" Im^ sis foot wide. Lakr of tlir Wuoils, O. Thn.<. A. K.,/rr, I'uyt Arthur, O li'7, ColldL'tion (it siiociuicus ii'uiu vuriuu-i iniin'-i. This ilistrii't has liitoly attvnctod considorablo attontion on account nl ihi' numhornf luu'iforous i|uart/ voins discovori'il in it. JMU)V:rotic oiVorts bavo Ih'it ujaili' tu dovolop tlioHii. and Hunm spocinicns hnvo yiiddcd irood rosults nn as^iiy. IMr. E. Costo, of till* ( Joologieal Suvvoy, states it as hi ' ninion that sevi'ral of tho kn.nv7i lidos \\ ill avcra^'o about $1L' t(i tho ten in j." Tho veins occur chii'lly in Ihironian rock-; where those are iJunotraied by bosses of intrusive L'rauite. Township of Moss, Lot II. 1., | /Inrdni'in .Miiiiinj '' Tluindor Bay District, O. . . ( l'"rt Arlhin\ O. L'lil. Aurifi:rouH and ari,'entit'erous nro. \iC>\(i, Two suniplos of concentrates. T/in... A. h'n/.r. TlTiroiiiaTi ^linc, Township of ^Iiiss, ( I/nrdniari Miiiiio/ ''"., 7'/((/,s. A. LotH. T., Thundor Bay District, O. ( AV/Vr, />„rt Artlnir. <). U)\. AuriforouH and arj;entifor ms ores iu cabinet made of native wood. \\)\ii. Thvoo spocinious of aiiriforoiis and ari,'entii'oroas ores. Tliis property is situated lit'ty miles north-oast of Savanne station, on tho Cauadia.n I'acilic Railway. Operations woro eommoncod in Ifss;!, and the devolopmout of tho luino is being enor,i;otically carried nn. Tho avorairo wiiltli of tho vein is about live foot, and it is remarkably well dotined. Several hundred tons of ore iiave l)een crushed, iu milling tests, and tlio precious niotals actually saved found to bo from ijlD'^O to -poj per ton. Assays aro reported us hii;h as $5'.l'7l per ton. Tij. Top Mine, Thunder Bay District, O. . . Thos. A. luejW, Port Art/mr, 0. 535. Throo specimens of auriferous and argentiferous iron and copper pyrites woig-liinij respectively KI4. 120. and 15 lbs. nr + /■J* 'ill 62 MINEKALS OF CANADA. Tbimaor Bay District, T/ws. A. !{<•■/. ,-, Port Art/nn; 0. 530. Auriferous ores, from various miues in tho district, in cabinet made of native \v(viil, Hiprhlaiul Gold arirl Silver Minos. ) ^,^^^^^,_ _,_ /^.^,^,^;,_ /,„,^ Art/nn; O. TlmiKlcr Bay District, O ) r>:;7. Three speeiincns of auriferous and argentiferous ores, weigliinic rosjiec- tively iiij, 31, and 10 Ibg. Kaiu Kam Mine, Thunder Bay U.^.^^_ j_ ^^,,^,^^^.^ j,^^^.^ Art Inn; O. District, O ) •")•!<. Three specimens of auriferous ores weighing re^ix-etividy 110, 74, and 111 lbs. Partridge Lake Mine, Thunder Bay ) .^,^^^ ^ ,_ j.^^.^^,^ j,^^^,^ ,^.^^^^,^,^ ,, District, ' oo'.i. Two specimens of auriferous ores, weighing rospeotively l',t and 10 Iljs. Gold Lake Mine. Thunder Bay Dis- j ,^.^^^^,_ , ^^,.^ ^,,^,_ j,^^^,^ j,,^/^,^,._ ^^ trict, O ) 540. ..-. specimen of auriferous and argentiferous iron and copper pyrites, weighing 50 lbs. .,.....„ TIC • «-v ( ^fcK'Har nros., Fort Wil/imn, Lr roastini,'. \.','Mi. Ore cM'u-;!ioil ami concouti'atod, voii-toil. \iV,';!'81) to the ton of I'.dUO Ifjs. Twelve of the saniftlos were from ' i f Jailing "Mine, and these gave an average of I'DIOT (equal to iSll'-tT) to tl - ' , The mode of treating the ore at this !uine is as follows; — Tho ore is first broken in Blake erushers, then further pulverized in a set of f'orninh rolls, after whieh the ]iowdered material is passed through sizing screens. Tho (Ino powder is tlien placed in a revolving roaster, which treats in two operations an avera'/o of live ir six tons in twenty-four hours. The coarser ))owder, aftoi having been concontratod on Hartz jigs, is again crushed hotweon ste(d rollers. Tho rousted ore is transferred to a lead-lined cylinder (chlorinator), which is kept rotating for about two hours. The gi'ld is dissolved or clilorinated by means of eidorine gas, made from chloride of \\m^ and sulphuric acid, and is then precipitated by hydrotren sulphide, made from ptiraflino anil sulphur. This sulpliide is collected on specially constructed pressure-filters, it is then dried, roasted in pans, and molteil. The bars of gold thus produced average fi'om 908 to li'.ll) tine. The arsenical fumes generated iluriug the roasting pi'ocess contain 'Ml per cent, of pure arsenious acid and are condensed to a powder, which near the furnaiM' is light grey in colour, and furthest from tho furnace is of a white colour. This is known and sold as crude powdered arsenic. The nearer sub- limate is mixed with (piart/. dust and oxide of iron, and is again sublimed, and sidd as "relined," "powdered white," "arsenic glass," or "lump arsenic." Arc/unin, Marmora, O., lot G, range 7 338 !Mispiekol (auriferous) from surface. John Joins, Miiilm:, ft. Marmora, ()., lot IS. range S J, Stewart, Miclor, I). 2-to. Meneghenite. Thi-; mineral is said to occur in lenticular i)atches in a magnesiau limestone, and to have assayed from ^l(j to Sl'it gold, and from »>< to SI- silver to tho ton. — Lawcntinn, Marmora, O. (I'lilnjiml Snrri'i/. ■k Arsenical jivrites (arsenopyritej. — Ajc/iffiii. Nova i^eotia. (ioid was first discovered in Xova Scotia in ISol}, and in 18t)2 upwards of 7,000 ounces wore obtained, Since tiiat time the average annual yield for the jiro- viuco iias been hit'li, the total vield of gold to the end of tho year 1885 beincr WT ',i 64 MINERALS OF CANADA. 305,180 ouncos. Tho foUowinpr tablu from tbo Itopori ot tlio DepiirtinoiU of Minos of Nova Scotia give^ tho aunual yicM of i-'oll, as well as other statistics coneerniiii:; tho luiniut: of tliis inetal. f % i\ U AvoraL'i' oarn- Total ounco^ of Stall' Yirl.l vw Ton Tmal Days' ini,'S IK.'!' man jicr Yf.ar. tiokl usti acted. C'ru-Lii'i.l. of J, (Hill lllS. L.il'our. ilay an4 y,:ir. :it :i()('i worl nii2;ilay- g IH per oz.' ].s,V.» ISCO) Oz. invt. (Jr. Tons. Oz. Dwt. Gr. A day. A yi-,u' (),fm is(;2 7.1' 75 (1 (1,473 1 2 11 1 5(1.000 S S3 .S240 1n;;3 14,11(11 14 17 17.002 k; II 273.204 '.12 2 70 18(!4 20,022 18 13 21,434 IS Hi 252,720 1 42 420 Lsc.r. 25,454 4 ,s 24.42;; 1 20 2l2.it(;(i 2 15 (545 l.s(!(; 25,204 13 2 32.1(;i 15 .> 211.7lMi 2 14 042 I6(i7 27,ni4 11 11 3i..'!^(; 17 <.i 21s,Sii4 2 24 (i72 \)^liS 20,541 (1 10 ;i2,2(;2 12 17 241,402 1 53 45'.i l^Clt I7,8(;s ]!i 35.147 10 4 2lo,!i3S 1 52 45(1 1870 l'.i,s(;n 5 5 30.S2'.> 12 21 i7;i,(;8o 2 05 015 1871 19.227 7 4 30.7!n 12 11 i(;2,(t:t2 2 12 030 1872 13,0114 17 a i7.(.i'.i;i 15 7 112,47(1 2 00 027 i,'>7;! 11.S52 7 1:1 17,70^ 13 ;■) '.i;;,.".7o 2 2> Os4 1>74 '.).140 13 '.( ];!,S44 13 .» 77,240 2 12 030 1875 11,208 14 !!• H.slO 15 I ',>l.ii'.i8 2 2(1 OlKt 187(1 12,0:;.^ 13 18 1 5.4:10 15 1:1 111.304 1 ;i4 5s2 ls77 i(;,s.s2 i; 1 i7.;!('.i I'.f 10 l23,.-,(;5 2 4(; ( • '"" l*7s 12,577 1 22 17.'.tno l;; 23 110,122 2 05 Oi.". 1>7U l;!,sol 8 I("i i,5.;t3(; 17 ,s ! 12,002 2 .•;4 702 l?>^n 13,234 4 14,037 IS 20 l0."..>2(; 2 IS 054 ISM 10,75(i 13 •_> ]5,."i5(i 12 20 ]2(;..'ios 1 52 1.-.; 1882 14.107 3 20 22,081 12 IS io(;.s,s4 2 37 711 1888 15.44(; !• 23 25,!),54 10 21 07.733 2 S4 S02 1884 1(1,05!) 18 17 25, 1 47 12 IS lls.(i,s7 2 4(t 720 1885 22.203 12 20 2s,s'.»0 15 4 157,421 2 .53 75ii Total 31t.5,ls0 3 15 524,Si;! 3,(;:!7,(;]4 I ■'\i Owing til its fjivnt imrity. the gold soils at about .■?l'.l'50 per (mnoo. althou'.rh ofHcially valued at ouly ,sl8-O0. 'Ibo irold-boarinir rocks form a liroaJ belt aloni: nearly the whole of the Atlantic coast of Xuva Scotia pr<)per. Thi'V consist usually of ennipact white- weatliering, irrcouish-o-rey folsitic 4iiartzite, sometimes approaching >audstoue i;' character, intorstratiliod witli bods uf dark pyritous slate. St.'veral areas of coarse grey and rednif,j, I7(i. Auriferou.s quartz. — Louer Cambrin/i. CnU'donia, Quoen's Co., X.S. ( ^^'■^'"''•'' i^' -l^'i"'''v., r.'hdouia, Qneeu's ' iiJKiiti/, A ,.S'. 4>S. Aaril'orous ijuartz. — Imicit Cumhriu,i. Novii f>cotia 'nn't-rniu'id i,f Xoiv Srofiu. 4l'(J. Collection ol sjiccimcns of aurifer(nis (ju.-irt:;. PLATINUM. Native Phitiumn. Granite Creek, Himilkameen Eivcr, B.C 4o(!. Platinum from gold washings. .T. Elwijn, Victoria, B.C. Mure or less platinum has been found with alluvia' ;old in several of tho streams of British Columbia, hut especially in the river from which this .sj)ccimcn comes. It occurs in grains corresponding in size to those of the associated goki. Whore first observed on the south Siuiilkamoen tho particles were line, but with the coarser gold lately found in tho Granite Creek region heavier lillets of platinum occur. Grains of iridosmine occur with the platinum. tt mr^ m Ia 66 MINERALS OF CANADA. ANTIMONY. > nilphide and Oxysuljdiulo of Aiitiiiumy f^Stibnite and Kcnm'«;ite), iScc. S. utli Ham. Q., lot 2S, range 1 . . . /),-. Juiuts JhnI, lUiaison SfnfU.u. '}. 50;!. Xativo autiniony, >u',plii^ in tlio niacrnt'»iau rocks of tho Eastoru Towushijw (province of (>>U('l)oc\, was diseovcroii in 1803. It contains native antimony, antimony t:l,-uce, and small ijnantities of sonarmontito, valontiuito. and tlio red oxysnl; ,idc (kormosite). At (lie surface tlie vein was from six to sixteen iuelies thick, the gantrue con-istiu- of c^wavU and a little dolomite. (See Report of Progress of tlie Geological Survey, 18Sii-2, p. ■MW.)—Prc-Vamhriav. Prince William, York county. XB ^ ^"''''^' ''(onje Miniwj Co., Prince { W ilhaiii, XJ}. it'll. Stilmite, ie. Parish of Priuce William, York county, X.B. 1(!. Stibnite. Uctiloijical Sitrt'Ci/. Stibmto or grey sulphide of antimony is hero found more or less abundantly over an area' of several s.juare miles, occurring chielly in veins of whito quartz or ot quartz and calc-spar, intersecting hard clay slates and sandstones These vems vary m thickness from a few inches to six feet, tho ore liein- irre.'ularlv distributed throuo-h the quartz in strings or little veins, sometimes attaining a thickness of from twelve to fifteen inclies. A large porti.m of that hitherto raised has been obtained within a short distance of tho surface bv means of trenches dug on the course of tlie lodes, but several shafts have also been sunk In connection with these, tho Lake George Mining Com),anv has erected extensive ^^•orks and machinery, as well as furnaces for desulphurization and smelting. These, when in full operation, yield lifteen tons of metal about every SIX weeks, tho charges (of ."iOO cwt.) yielding from 4.5 to 55 per cent, of re^ulu- The materials employed in smelting are charcoal, soda or salt-cako and '^esin' The value of tho metal on the ground is twelve to fourteen cents per pound" Part of ,t ,s exported in cakor, or ingots to tho United States, and part employe.l at the works in the manufacture of Babbit metal (cmtainin- lifteen to twenty per cent, of antimony with lead and tin, or in the better mialities wuhloal copper, and tin), valued at from twenty to fifty cents, per pound.- ■4^ Eawdon, Hants county, N.S. .... 177. Stilmite. D. M. Davl'Jsoii, Tfah'fi.r, X.S. <,■> lilsMUTIT. 67 In I'^S;! a v.il'.ialilo v.'ia ..f grey nntiuiouy oiv, liiviiii; :i wiJtli of fmrn four 1" oiL'htoi'u ini'lk-'s, ,in.l cuttiui,' tiilcoso slatos, was (ipoii.Ml ;it tlii> locality; Tlu'i-o is vi.TV little iuiinirity oxeojit a small aiiioiiiit of .|uanz and caleito. The yiel.l j.er w,-ok .luving the jiast year avoiMges ab:)ut tn'outy tons of oxoellont 'luality. The ilistauoo from the mine to the Inteiv.jloiiial Railway is about eighteen miles. — C'luiihrinit. BISMUTH. Sulp]ii,|i> wf Bistiiufl) M'i^iiuitlienitt'j. Ti;ilor. O., lot ■)[. range -j. .'!")]. IlismiUlionite. f^hdl'Kjirql Sarvfj. |fT i| 68 MINERALS OF CANADA. m. II. MATERIALS TSED IN THE PRODUCTIOX OF LKiIIT AND HEAT. 4 % fin n m Tlio n:.'grogiito iirea of tho conl-bonring forairiiii ns ot tb-^ D.'minioii of Caiiaila is verj' groat, tho fuels of poouduiu- impmlanoo o.jL'urriug not only iu tho rocks of tho Ciirl)nuil'erou,s systoni. Imt aUo in tho Crotacoinis, tlie Larauiic (a forma- tion to somo oxtont eouucctiug tho .Moso:'.(M.' ami Caaiozuic eras) an^l iu strata of Jliocene age. Tho extent of tho coal-bearing rocks in the northern and sparsely inhabited part of the Dominion is scarcely known. For that portion of the country ^vhich has lioon more or loss thoroughly explored geologically, tlie sul.joiued taldo gives an approximate estimate, wiucb though far from complete may he accejited as a probable minimum statcuiont. S(|imo Nova Scotia and Neu- Bruns\vi(>k, Bituminous JlUrs. coals, V'trhoh'u'd-civ^ (near approxinKition),,. 1?,Uay .-()() Nanainio coal basin, British Columbia. Bitumin- ous coals, ',Vf7(a'eo)/.s 'near approxiuiariou : L'Od Comox coal basin, British Columbia, Bitumiiitjus coals. Cretdi-coiif: (rough approximation^ ... 7i)l) Queen Charlotte Island and otli(>r areas of coal- bearing rocl:s on coast of British.Columliia, Bituminous coals and anthracite, 'Cretaceims (rough approximation) say »(I0 Lignite-bearing rocks in diffei'cut l)art^-of Briii.-ii Columbia south of the o2nd degree of latitude. 'Tertiun/ (Mioroie, rou^'h approx- i"i:ition) l-j.iidii Total coal and iignito-bearing area iu the surveyed and partially surveyed portion of the Domiuitu of Canada, about ;i7 (luo f'OAL. 60 inadii rocks ruiii- tiiita bit.'d hich jivos I as a The I'oalfl uf Nova Scotia ami Now Bniuswick are bituminous iu chavactor, ami reforalili! to tbo Carhoniferous sj-stom, and it is ])ossihlo tliat thoso iuca>uros uiay yet l.o fouud at a workalilo doptli uudi'vlyim,' Priu^'.o Edward Island. In the jiravint'os of Ontario and (^)iielH'c I'-al is nut f.juud. although an anthracitic mineral is occasionally found in small .luantilios in the vicinity of Quohoc, on thf Island of Orloans. and olsowburo in tliis jirovinoo, and haa given rise to {■(insidorablo expeiidituro in tVuilless soarcli for workalilc coal in those localities, in all of which only rooks of Lower PaL-L'Ozoic age occur. In the North-West Territory the coals and lii,'nitos are of Cretacoous and Laramie asre. In British Columbia the bituminous o^ al and anthracite of the coast rei,'iou is of Ci'ctaceou.s a;^-o. while both nn the coast and in the interior of the province widi>-s2n'ead Tertiary deposits ..ccur, yi'ddiug lignites which in some cases ai>proa"li true immIs in roiijp"-ition. -Vntlii'acite. Ci wgitz, Skide^.-iti', Qucvii Chiirlolti' Islaii.ls.B.C. . 11. Austin, Virfnri'tJl.C. I'll. Anthracite. The deposits ol anthra'.'ire cm tlie Qu.'cii Charlotte Islands arc, so far as examined, somewhat irregular in cl;ar.iot'.n-. The locality liest known is on Skidegate Cn.aunel. at the -outhern end of (Graham Llau 1. Here the coal has bct'u worked in several plac.'-.. and loaud in one instance to be as mucli as sis fe.'t thick. In the direction of it.'^ strike, however, it ap))ears to thin out .dtogethor, or to 1)0 reprosented by coal of very inferior quality, mixed with sliale and clay iron-stone. Tlie seams are V'M-tical. and the associated strata are (laukeil to the noi'th by escari>n!outs of vidcanic roci;. Analysis uf two specimen- of the anthracite by fast Lokinr,', gave (Report of the (.ieological Survey of Canada, l-*?.'-;.'), p. 61, al.^o Report for Ls7s.7;»_): IIy_'ro,~ciipic water l-s'.t 1 -(JO Volatiblo 'mbustibl.< matter 1-77 .'i'Ol' Fixed I'arbi.n ".'^•7'1 <:',•('!! Sulpiuir ''■>',) l-.":i Adi i;-');) .-^s A large amount of monoy lias been -p(.'Ut by the Queen Ciiarlotte Coal Min- iuLT C-mpany in the construction c'f a wiiarf. houses, tramv.-ay, etc., and in (.>udoavouring to work the seams, and tho'ign these efforts have not ,-o far beini attoii.ied with success, the measures here are worthy ot'furthei' and more com- jilet-' examination, jiartieulai-ly as tins is tlie only known deposit of anthracite on ilio Pacitie (,'oa.-t. Bitii!iiino\is .'oal has been found during the past year CI ■"'''■")) in tli') roi'Ai'i of the s:ime aire some miles furtiier north. — L'ri t'lcons. P.r.utt' MiiH's, X.W.T Mr.Lcud thwart, Oltaiva, 0, ;>"•'.•. Coal (authra.dte). Like the anthracite from the Queen Charlotte Island?, thi.s fuel is of Cretaceous age. thouj.r|i lielouLfing to a lower liorizou, in a formation -which yields a flora with >ome .Jurass. diaracters (Kootanie group, see Transactions Rov. Soc. 70 MINKRALS OF CANADA. Canada, 188.")), TLo coal ocfuiN on tlio lim; "f tin' C:iuatliiiu P.ifili'' Railway, within tlio fliNt ran.'O I'f tlio \iorA;y Moiint.iiu>, Tlio ('';(>ta..'ei.u.-i cual-l. oaring rocks lioro occupy a valley, which is iu imrt that ci' tho Bnw, in part that of tlio Caacailo Hivor, and extends northward fur a iouL' distance. They arc in tho form of a synclinal fold, Ir^uudcd hy |)al;cozoie liuicstMucs, and ovortiuiicii to the oaHtward, and it is mouIiIIcs^ owiu.Lf to the metaiii"ri)hism nrcasii.ned by thi.M groat disturhanco that tho coal Las passod iutu t! e stato id' authracito. Two Hoam.s, each about lour feet in thicknes-, are already known, and prepara- tions aro now in progress for workin.i;- thoni o.n au extensive scale nt an early day. In quality the fuel coui])are3 favourably witl: .seuie of tlio best anthracites of rouusylvania. A recent analysis liy Mr. (,'. HolT'.iianii, slinws it t' have the following compo.sition : — Jiygroscopic water I'O-l Volatile cembustible nialt.'V ',>'l,') Fixed eariii'n >'7'b'» Ash '2-iVi 1()(i-(jO Bituminous Cotil timl Liiiiiite. I Eayne. Sound Mine, B.C G^.h^jlml Surrey. I4i/', Bituminous coal. This mine is situated about forty miles north of Nanaimo, and about ono and a half south-west from the shore of Bayn^^s Sound, which forms a good harbour for shij.piug. In this locality there aro two seams of coal. The lower varies in thickness from five feet two inches t.. s,>veu feet : tho lower two feet, however, containing tliin seams cf shale with impressions of plants, Tho upper seam is soi)aratod from the lower by about shxty feet of brownish-grey sandstone, and ^hows live feet ton inches of good coal. Au analysis of a .specimen from tho lower .seam gave Dr. Hunt by .-.l.iw cokia:.' :— Fixed carbon til- 70 Volatile combustible matter L".i-,J5 Ash .>7.-, A somewhat weathered specimen from tlio upper ;-eam gave ; Fixed carbon ."> 7 ■ 4.s Volatile coniiiustiblo matter :.;i»vl(» Ash 13.42 In both cases a good cuko was obtained. — CVi.^/.vo!;.'.'. Union Mine, Coiuox, B.C i:. Di'nxu.uir .y ,S,),.s, Victoria, B.C. 352. BituL .ous coal. This property is situated near the last. Only > xploratory work has yet been undertaken, owing to the fact that the market is fully supplied by the Nanaimo mines. The most important seam shows seven feet six inches of good coal. mm COAL. 71 Tho followiiij,' i.s an iiuiily.-is l,y Dr. Haiiingiuii ; — HvLfi'DHcupif watfi- 1'70 Voliitili' coni'uu-itilihj ujatti'i' '2"'17 Fixed (Mvhoti .^(; h\0-i\n—Cnt(weiw-7,", Volatile combustiljlo Matter yo'l).') Fixed Carbon .59-7l' Ash t;.,-KS lOd'OO I'ltimato analysis : — Carbon 72'(i5 Hydrogen 4-,s;i Oxygon and Nitrogen 12'77 Sulphur •;iC Ash ()-,5m Hygroscopic Water 2-7") 10(1 '00 Tho coal docs not form u strong coke. Tho outjiut for l^.S-t aggregated 254, oo8 tons, the total number of hands employed being ti72. Tho total output of coal from these mines in 1H85 was 220.000 tons. The mines. how(>vor, are capable of producing double this amount if tho demand should warrant it. Earnings of miners per day $3 to S4. The coal may lie estimated as worth %\ per ton at the wharf. Tho greater portion is shipped to San Francisco, and some is sent to the Sandwich Islands. — Cretaceous. Yictoria, 15. C Victoria Gas (.'v., Victoria, B.C. "iM. Coal used in gas manufacture. .■)14«. Coke. Tho coal used for making gas at Victoria is obtained from the Vancouver Coal Couifiany'b mines at Xanaimo, B.C. Xanuiino CoUieries, B.C. f ''«'';-^""r ^'-'"^ f '«'»i' * ^«'i'' ^o. {Limited), 94. Block of Coal (steam) weighing 5 tons 6 cwt. Esplanade shaft. S)4a. Block of coal (steam), Esjdanade shaft. T , ' U 72 MINKRALS or <'ANADA. Hi ■if tl J :» \: 111."., niock I'f pnal (howso). Sniitli Field iiiiiio. KlC. Clock of ooiil (t,'ft.'i), Now I)'iu,i.'l;i>s iniim. ,M.'>. Siii'ios of viowH of luinofi, whurvi'N Ao. Thi.s locnlity iH sovonty niiloa north-wost v! Viotoria. Tlio iirliu'iiJiil work- ings !iri) (.n ii soam whiL-h varioH from six to ton foot in tbickuoi^s. A spooiuioii guvo Dr. limit, liy .ilow cokiiii,', tbo foUowinj,' ro.-iultH :— Volatile iiiiiltor . .'!S'ln| FixoilcMrlioii ,".l-jr) ; Cuko linn. Aslj lO'.V)) \iiothor si'iiin, 'iovon foot tliii'k. occurs aliovo tlio 'mo ]r ; in. iitioiioil, from whioli it is soimriiti'd by aUont 1 H> foot of siinilstono. Tli<-> cdhjiy li:i« '"'on in oiioratiou for nearly thirty years. The kIoju's ami Hluifts ;iro toimoc'tod witli ilio \vLiarvo8 by a well-built railway. Tho Esplnuado abaft i.s llttod with n holHting uniriuo of tho most luodorn iiatt'rii. and of ufroat power. Tho ouljmt of coal for l.~^s4 was l;i;'.,s.5S ton.s. 5-11 uiou wcro oniployod. Tlio minors oiirn S-'"'" to $-1 a day. Tho output in lf*fi.> was l;i7..">4s tons. Tho ])riiicipal markets aro Victoria and Sau Francisco, but small i|uantilii)s aro also ship])od tn Honolulu. Ma/.atlau, Alaska, &c. — CreUiceoiis. . ,r T 1 1 -n ri ( SittlmbIiiig in every v.ay oriliuary bituminous coals. Thoy have been made the subject of a series ef careful proximate and ultimate analyses by Mr. C. HolViuann, tho results of which will be found in the Report ef Prc'grcss of the Goolegical Survey f^r iSSl'-S-l-. In some of tho smaller basins included within the area nf tho Uoelcy .Mountains, the altei'ati'jn has been carried so far as to produce anthracite (see under Bautf mine). The approach of tho lignite-coals of the plains toward Iiituminous coals is, in a general way, ci-ordinate with tho distance from the di>turlit>d region of the mountains. In tho district of Assiniboia no fuels, other than true lignites, are mot with. JVVI COAL. 73 /•'i'/iin 11. '.'(lal-n Wood Peat d- lujinto Ordinary Cnaf.s of Carboniferous Age s tbilhrfirilc 1i1AG1;aM ILLr-TliATIXa llELATIVE COlirOSlTIOX 01' COALS, LIGNITES, &C. The rciinoxO'l iliiiL.'r;un, lukon from Dr. (i. M. D:uvson'.-i lloiiort '>n the Gor.il );,'y ' f tlie B 'w ;iu,l Belly l{iver Kogion (Re]>ort of Progress of tho Geological Survey, 168n.) has been ooustructod for the purposo of Illustrating in a general way tho plaeo of those coals and liguitos in tbo sealo of fuels. Tho fuels arc hero classed according to the amount of '• fixed carbon " (charcoal or coke) which they yield. This method of classiEcation. though by no means complete as regards the heai-uiviug capacity of a fuel — as much also depends on the quantity ' f moisture and ash, and ((uaiitity ami nature of the volatile combustible matter — yet ajiproxi mates sulHcieutly to tho truth to illustrate tlio heating value, in a broad general way, Tho shaded portion of tho diagram represents tho fixed carbon grmluatiug from twenty-five per cent, (charcoal) in wood to over ninety per cent, in antliracite, the complement to lOt) per cent, being in each case made up by moisture and volatile juatter. The spaces between tho vei'tical Hnes represent ten per cent. each. An iusjieetion of tho diagram will show how favuiirablo a position tho workable coals and liirnite coals of the Bow and Belly River region hold, and how completely they bridge over tho gap which is some- times assumed to exi^t between coals and lignites. The fuels near which tho lower line is drawn in tho diagram for tho Bow and Belly region are those ,vhich ai'o found in the disturbed belt near tho base of tho mountains, and, as before explained, appear to have been afl'octed to a certain extent Ijy pleasure, MINKKAI.S (ir CANADA. ^ 1 una i.oH«il.lv l.y lii'ut, .Icvoloi,..,! in .■nmu>cti-n uitli ili" l-Miiig -f thr l.cl... TU' upiH.T liuo lor till) How uinl IJ.^lly coals, it will !»• ul)H,.r\v.l. uviilii).- tho lo\v>.i' lino drawn for the liKuili-'H uf tho SouiIm ilistriol, nhowin;.' that, in n'-at Bow and Belly dlHtriet are. iu fact, »iudlur to tho clasn of fuels now Inr^'oly mined and omployod on the weslerr. pint of the line of the Union Pacific Rail- way, .ind much superior to most of the lignites and lirowu coal- which givo rise to important industries in various jiiirts of Europe. The i|nantitics of coal underlyiiv,' eachsipiaro mile of surf;ioi> iu some of tho boHt known localities is as follows ; — Main seam, in viciuity of Lothbridgo ("Coal Banks "), Belly lliver— Coal underlying (ino .si|uaro niili; .'.oDd.OiMi tons. Grassy Island, Bow Kivor— (continuation of Belly River Main Si-am)— Coal underlying ono square uiile, over .Vdiiu.diHi t^ns. Horse-shoo Bend, Row River — Coal underlying one sijuare mile 4,',HMt,(iiiii toL.-. Blackfoot Cro.ssing — Workable coal soani as exposed on Bow River — Underlying one square mile O.iHXi.Odd tous. Stair, near Medicine IIiU — Workable coal under- lying ono sijuaro mile ,"),uiiii,(iii(.) tons. Taking tho minimum thickness of tho " Coal Banks" maiu seam at difl'erent points along tho outcrop of sixty-six miles, and assuming a workalile width of but ono mile, tho coal contained in this seam al(jue would be ;>;'in,0fMi,0l"^ tons, (Soo Report of Progross of the (^((ological Survey, IS.s-.'.si.i The Tertiary fuels I'f the ]iroviu''(.' of British Columbia, of which no speci- mens aro exhibited, vary from inferior lignites to coals of a bituminous character, containing over Gl i)er cent, of fixed carbon. % Letlibndge, District of Alberta, ^ .^ .T. j ^ .^^^ , .^_^ L.thhri.hje, X. \V.T. 510, Coal. 510a. Four photographs illustrating character and ]iositiou of working-. This is tho only locality at which the coals or lignito-coaU i:>f the North West Territory have yet boon extensively worked. A railway, l(i7 miles in length, connects the mine with the maiu lino of tho Canadian Pacitlc Railway. Tho seam worked, which is very uniform iu character, erop.s out at a number of places along tho banks of tho Belly River, and i» tivo feet f lur inches thick. It has been opened by levels driven iu from tho bank ')f tho river-valley, and a slope constructed by which the coal is brougiit \ip to the terminal Btation of the railway on tho prairio-lovol, nearly 'M)0 foot aliovo the river. Tho coal is iiu excellent fuel, but does not yield a coherent coke. Tho quantity underlying each square mile in tho viciuity of Lothbridgo is given above. Tho deposit occurs at the base of the Pierre shales in tho ( DAI.. 75 CiotncoimH nyttom. (R'^l'oit '.{ l'r,.gr<>>n of lb'.' Gfolo;.'iciil j^uivy, l.^>''.'.:^4. ], Tic.) Tlio toll.iwiiiK inosimuto iuuilysU liy Mr. lI"Uiu;iuu i^ '■>■ slusv II V'ji'uxi'oiiiO wilti'l' •''•'" V .|iitili> .'.luihiisi'' ■ miittor ;il'."i'.' |''i\i'il oaihou .')l';)ii \4\ '•'■' luii'iin Ai) ultiuinto iiniilvHi'i yioUU"! t'l'" follow intr n>m\li — Cavljou "•"''•'" nyili'oi,'on ■♦•="' Oxyi^'on uml nitioj^on l."-'!."' ^;ulllluu■ "■"" Ash "■•]•'' Ilygvoscopic wiittT ''■•'" liio-oii— (.V(;/'(''Mii/N. f^askutchewan River, X.W.T 0,.,/o,,/,„/ ^....y. 17">. Tji!,'>iit« <'oi>l. TLi9 Hi-ooimon is from a groat ligniU..' oul l.cl on tU. N.n'tli ^.,ski.tel,..vvai. Kivor ul,out Hovontv-llvo uiilos al.ovo Ivlin-Mitnii. Th.' l.-il is so-ii lu twn ^Imco. oi.'ht or ton milos apart, ami Uus a thiokuoss of twenty ivrt above low-wator uuirk. but as th- Iwttou. is not soon, its total thiekui's, is u.,t known, Tlio coal burns froolv, with '.i rosinous odour and ploasaut llamo, l.'aviny a rL.ddish- .'roy ash. It is .lull and black, and ofton contains mineral charcoal ; on exposuro k is liablo to crack and fall to piece An analysis of a specimen hv slow coking s;avo : — llyijroscopic water lii'lHi Volatile comhustiblo matter '2s-r,\> Fixed carbou oi'.'h Ash "'■^•' Souris Eiver District, Assinihoia, ) p^,,^,,/. f^.,fj, ^^. /',„,„■/.■. Emoso,,, Mmu N.W.T. ) ' 50'J. Lignite coal. The li-nitc coals found on this part of the Souris River are tioarer to the province of Manitoba than any others uf a workable character yet discovered. T'- < bods are practically horizemtal, and very estousive, and might m many places bo^v-orked by simple levels run in from tho banks of the deep r.ver- vallovs The most important seam observed is about seven feet thick, tlun.^n the quantity of available lignite-coal underlying a square mile of surface near Short Crook is estimated by Dr. Selwyn at 7,lo(i,8.;4 tons (Ueport ot n-ogress of the Geological Survey, 1871t-8()). In composition the fuels ot this place resemble those of tho Satz-Teplit. basin of Bohemia. The following is the result of an analysis of tho sovou-foot seam al)ovo referred to :— Hygroscopic w.ater _ ._ Fixed carbon '^.]''J. Volatile combustible matter 32- ib Ash J^ lUO-llll — " Fort Union " division ot tho Laramie. WW N.s; 76 MINEUALS OF CANADA. ('laml Luke, Queen's county, X.R. <;41. Cn;il. n MiTO tbiui a tliiril oi the jiroviuvc of Xow Dniuswii'k is uuilcrlaid by rocks uf the I'arlioniforous systom, which pivsont the u-.ual variety of sandstones, con- g!"iiii'vatcs and sbnlos. uiot witli iu other Carbouil'orous rotrimis, together -.vith unmiTous and cliaractoristio U'ssil remains. Seams of coal have been found at vaiions points ; none of them, however, exceed twonty-.six inches in thickness. But as the stratilica'iou is nearly or ijuitJ horizontal, and the seams close to the surface, they eni be readily mined over very lartro areas. The possible occur- rence of thi(.'ker seams at greater deptlis can only be ascertained by b'lrini,'. The results already obtained by this means are unfavuuralde, aud teud to prove that the Carljouiferous strata are of incensiderabli; thickness in this rcLriou. As, however, they rest on a very uneven surface of oliler rocks, it is jiossible that at .-nnie piint thf^yniay attain a nuieli greater thicliuess, and include workable beds of coal. The only localities in which coal is now raised are in the vicinity of the Xew- ca-ile Hiv^'r and about the shores of Grand Lake in t^'ueen's county. The seam i~ about two feet thick and from ten to iifteon ''eft from tlio surface. It has lii'eii mine.l at a 'jrcnt number of points over an area of one hundrdl s,jnare miles, indicating a total productive ctipacity of about l.Vi, 000,0(10 t"us. It is a caking- ''itumiu'cas coal, aud is enipb'yed both for liousehold and bhiek-miths' u^e. — ' 'iirhuiiiHrijns. «««v. :i Nov« Srolia. — In this province there are tliroe imiiortant coal basins, namely, those L.f Cap>' Brecon, Pictuu, ami (.'urnberland counties. The lirst mentioned is situated at the north-eastern extreuiity "f tb? i.-land of Cape Bieton. and occu- pies an area f at leas: I'JO s.juare miles. The Carlionifemus strata aie here not less than 7.l coal of good 'iuality, liesides a considerable additional thickne,-- uf an inferior cliaraeter. Tiie area of the Cumberland coal field is also suiall, but it includes, as -hown iu the detailed notes liel.w. several good coal seams. The total amount "i coal raised in .V'jva Scutia iu 1-^^.") was 1 ,o.J2 I'O.") tons. Spriugliill Kline's, CuUilierJaud couiiiy, X,*<. ( ^[triiKjhiU, .V.S, 118, Cnal (nut si:;c). ]is,(. Block, lls/f. Column, V'. Ihe Sju'inguill eoal-lield i- situated iu the countv of Cumberland, X S , about tweuty-two nnles from :..mher.t, .and tw,.nty mil,-s south-east of tlie .lo^^gins siioie. It may 1,.^ divided into two -eetions, North and .South Sprin-hiU ^ The "B.'ack se.im'' is situated in the latter, ° '\-," COAL. 77 HyC'iTiBcopi ' wati'r 1'02 Vcihiiilo oomhiirti'»lt.> uKittoi- ;U';'i"^ Fix(!(l carbon ()(Vs-2 Ash (A-hitc) ;!'7>< Thi> IntGiT'ol,,niul Itailway. wliioli ]kiss(.'- thv'iugh this >oi.'tion. atT:i'ils an otitlot to markets at the i)ort? of St. Jnhn ami Halifax. The coal is admirably fittoi] for tli'^ nianufactiirc of pas; it yirld; a ■■ompact coko, coutaiiiiu;.; but littlo ash, aiifl i.^ woll adaj'tod for iror siuoltiug. The mini' was lir.-.t ojiouod in ls7i', and has sinco thou produco'i 1.7:'>2.1."() !:;ross tons. Tlio yield in 18>^4 was 23l',4.'>1 t^ns. This eompauy, with a .-apital of §s(M»,0()0, has only boon in operation aliout threo years, and is rapidly developing tiiis ali'eady extensive mine. Thei'o aro iVnir slopes, two of whieli are soO feet, one (100 fei't, and one l,:)0O feet in length. Besides these, one level has been driven tor a mile and a half, one for i',7()0 feet, and a number of others for shorti}r distances. S40 mon and boys [iw employed in rounoetion with the workin!:!;s. — Cni-'inni/i nms. Salt Springs, Cuniberliuid county, X.S. U7. Coal. 77h-. i'/. 4.")0, Column of eoal. Th.' .>uti)Ut of tlii^ uiinr fur 1884 was 'J,").0:;4 tons, but ehan.^es in working and uianaLjement havo lately been mad(^ by vhi'di tlie oi;tput oau be iner.>ased to ;5O0 tons },«.'r day. The now w.irks, whi.di nave ri'aidied a d'^ptli of l,4iio feet, aro one mile and a (quarter east of tiie wliarf, aud are cmnoctod with it by an endless cable, so that tlio empty cars are hauled back t ; the slope, the leaded cars deseendiH'_- t:v uravitation. 'f'he i>ariiu,i;- of shah,' which separate- the two tiiiu seams at this colliery decreases in thickness towards the east. — Carhvni/eivits. w^ 76 •MINERALS OF CANADA. J'l: I'uri jiil'H 7( r 'I ■if KHUATrM. IS niti i rl I ,n,l nli'vcn-lfiH scvuii in tlii:: ci'al-li''M. It , lie n,,l I) ill the a.'.'nini.niivnii' mmMihii. ;in,l mat tiio L'arhouiforons strata arc of inconsiilerablo thickness in this rc^'iou. As iMwover, tlioy rost on a very inievon surfiieo of older roeks, it is jiossib;:' that at .-"ine p'.int tlieyniay attain a unich greater thickness, and include workable heils of e,-,,l. The only localities in which coal is now rai-ed are in the vicinity of the Xcw- ca^tlo liivcr and about the shores of Grand Lake in (,tue,>n's cnuuty. Tb.e s.-im i- :ibout two feet thick and from ten to lii'teen feet from the surface. It has been mined at a ^irreat number of iioints over an area of one ndred s.juaro miles, iudicatincr a total productive caixicity of about 150,000,1, ,, t.>ns. It is a eakin- bitumin-us coal, and is employed botli for household and blark-uiiths' u-e. — ^-HfljoiiitlrrDin. ;'i ip hf} ^ yoi;, So/ :«.— In this province there are throe inipnrtant coal basins, namely, thuso vf Capo P.reton, Pictou. and Cumberland counties. The lirst mcnti..u.-d is situated at the north-eastern extremity of the inland of Caj.e Breton, and occu- l-ies an area nf at least 100 s.|Uare miles. The Carboniforuus strata are here not less tnau 7.(i(Mi leet thick. The Pict.ni area, situated in the county of the same name, is only about twenty-two <,juare miles in .■xteut, but sevcval „f the coal scams are of great tliicknoss, one worked in tlie Albi.jn mines showin- tlfty-ei.'ht iVet vf coal • g,.od quality, besides a oon^i \M-ablo additional thickn..-,s cf\u mienor character. Tlie area of the Cumberland coal fleld is also ^mall but it meludos, as -Hewn in the detailed notes l,clow, several good coal seams 'iho tutal amount 'u, as follows in iloscoiiiliriLT order : — Foot Inohos. A 1.", B i; C 2 I D 11 (I ■■Bla.'k" soani. E 2 H F... 4 S'l.aly. G 2 Tho avorairo of four analyses niailo by the late Mr. E. Hartley gave for tho coal of tho -Black'' seam -.— Hyj;roscopi.' wafer ... rii2 Volatile combustible matter .'3+-3** Fixoil carbini (id-^i A.sh (white) .".■7-i Tho Interc'jl'inial Uaihvay. which pa.=ses through this section, alTords an outlet to markets at the i>orts of St. .T.:>hn ami Ila'.i.'as. Tho ooal is admirably fitted for the manui'aoture of gas: it yi.'lds a .■omi)\ct coke, oontaiuiug but little ash, and i.s well adapted for iron siiieltiiig. The mine was tir.--'; opened iu 1S72, and ba< since tlion produce.! 1,7:!-M")G gross tons. The yield in tSS4 was 232,4.'')1 X>. This company, with a i.'a]iital of $S()r),0OO, lias oidy been in operation al>,)Ut three years, and is rapidly developing tliis already extensive mine. There are t'lur slopes, two of wiiii.'h are SoO feet, one (\>n) feet, and one l,;'.On fo.n in length. Beside-, these, one level has been driven for a mile and a half, one for 2,700 feet, and a number of others for sliorter distances, ^lo tu'.'n and boys are employed in connection with tho workings, — CurOnhi/'i ions. Salt Springs, CumberliuKl count}-, N.S. 147. Coal. T',os. Chirk. Tn:n,, X.S. Jogglns Minos, Ciiiiu-n-Iaml county, ( .7"i,i,>,, J.v«oc/,/f/o^/, N.S. ( •lliljljilli Mum, ^.>. 4oO. Column nf c.;.al. The .nitjiut ..f thi- mine f.^r 18S4 was 2,-,.o:'.4 ions, but clumge.-, iu workiuy and manatrement have lately boon made by which the output can be incnvisod to aoo tons iH.r dav. The new wn-ks, whi, • have reached a depth of I.4i)0 feet, are one mil. and 'a (luarter east .-f tho whan, au.l are c..muecto.l w,tn it by an endless cable, so that he empty cars are liaided back {■■ tho slope, tho loade.l cars dosceudin.' bv gravitation. The parting of shale which separate, the two thin seams at this colliery decreases in thickuos, towards tho '-':>■;'• — Carljijiii/i;j-ou,i. 78 minei;aj.,s of Canada. , ( ruh-i'i^ohiiiinl ('oiil ('■:,. JlriiJi/c- ;i(l r { P'^rt. X.S. Interciiluiiial Minos, Piotou county, X.S 4."n. C'.-nl, Inrtro. ■15.'!^. C'lal. nut. TI.e Dnunuiouil C'olliory, whi 'li is Ihi^ only ouo nt prosont in o]iov;iti'in nn this propfd-ty. i.^ sitnntoJ on tlic r>(':ir Crook aroa. It inchulo'^ the ostonsi'm of the Acadia -ijam from tlie Carniichaol area, wliicli soaiii. in a section eKpn-ed iu tho air pit C'f this colliery, ;,'ives eit.'liteon I'eet seven inchi>s of I'oal, with an iucluilod partinif of tlireo iuolios ol' fire-clay. An analysis of coal froTo the nppor honch. six fc"t fr'iUi the toj) of the seam and directly under the clay ])artiiig, save, ncccirdiu:.' to 'Mr. Gordon Broome — '$• Total volatile matter :>V,"2(; Fi xed earhon ."."i-.'^ftO Ash (u'rey) ](i-.-,Oi) Sul])lHir ii-5''^4 In a trial ..f the coal from this hench at the pis w^rks at Picton. <.r,in) cubic feet of rr;,^ per ton ^woro obtained, as well as thirty-six Inishols of goo.l coke. It is also ..in excellent ooal for steam and domestic purposes. The ont])Ut for 18s4 was ]-2i\Ci'ji', tons, and the uumlier of hands emiiloyed was .'J?!. — Varlionifa-inis. k '•ft* Acadia, Alino.., Picton eountv, X.S ' ^""'''" '-'""^ ^''■'■' ^^' ^- ^'>"^'' [MuniKji r). 113. Coal, large, 113«. Coal, nut. The Acadia Coal Company owns three mining rights known as tiio Carmijliaol area, the Fras-r area, and No. area. Work is at present confined to the first of these, on which tlio Acadia Colliery is situated. Here the .sujiposed repre- sentatives of the .Main and Deep .-earns of the Albion Mines aie found. Tho Acadia seam, the equivalent of tho Main seam, is eiirhteen feet two inelies thick, and is overlaid by a band of carlionaeoous and oil shale eleven feet seven inches thick. The second seam is about 100 feet below the first, and wheru expos.'d in a trial ],it. consists of throe feet ten Inches of Hhaly coal, and soveu feet e;,::ht inches of good coal, h is not worked at present, operations lieing restricted to tlie .Vcadia senm, A spe'-:i'i -^■^'> 7-5(5 •"Jiilpl""' O-jO The coal fiom this seam is move c 'mpaet f-iaii that from tho Albi-ii Mines and cntaius but little mineral charcoal. It does not .-oke readily, but is an' ■'xcell..„t sie.am coal. In ls,s-t the pr.jdu -tion was ] l.j,4.-.l tons, and the miml n- ••f hands eiijj)loyed I'lil, — Carlioiii/i mi s. L'OAL. ^0 \h,r. :i:ui.u Mill..,, Pictou oounty, N.S. ' J'"^"'"'''''^- [Ln^iM\ AUkm Mines, \'<\(i. C..:il. uut. r.l/;. C.ko. ^^)l(■. C'i.mI thinl >'':un). This urojini-ty i-^ throe squnvo miK':^ iu oxtoni, and \^ tho central aroa within th.' liniirrf of the produclivo coul-mensurcs. It includos tho oiitcvops of the two liiiiu'ipMl soaiiis, tho -Orain" and tho "Doep." Till within a fow voars the v.-'irkin-N .in this area and tlioscutho ^rrOro!.'or s.'ani fiinstitut(>il tho iii'inoi])a! ■^iies in tiio Piidou ooal liohh Th" form ■• All)ion ^linos " onihracos tho fallowing .-, llierios ; — 1st. Burnt Mines; 2ud, Crushed Minos (aliandouod); ord, Dalhousio Pit work'.; 4tl.. F.'rstcr I'it \vnrl;s; ."Jth, Ford ]"'it wrks— all on tho Main ^oaui — and tho Cagi> Pit works on tiio Deep seam. A section of tho Main seam at tin; iJalhousio Pi I works j.'avn thirtj'-six and three-quarter foot of cial, iU'duding live intorstratiliod hands of ironstone witii a total thioknosaof twentv- llireo ine];os. Tho 'luality of tho ooal varies, so that in some places only a ])ai-t oan ti.' w..rkod. while in othi.'rs the -tvliolo thickness is mineil. A se.'tion nf flic D.'op >oain. taken threo-(i\iarters of a niilo from Cage Pit, where the wliolo thioknes- of the hed is worked, gives eighteen fool throe inches of good ooal, with a parting of ])-iitous ooal one foot and a-lialf tliick. Tho amount of ooa,I raised from these mines in L^^S-t was 201..5."7 tons. 70.") persons wore em| 'loved. T!i ' following analyses are by Professor IIow, of Winilsor College, X.S, : — Main Seam : Hygroscoiiic water 1-48 Volatile combustible juattor ■J4''_'8 Fixed oarlion (!io,50 Ash 7-74 Dee)) S ,:im : Ilygrosoopio w.ater L''.")4 \'olatilo comhnstihlo matter 2n-4(; Fixi'd carbon OS'.V) Ash ,,, S'^IJ Tiiis ooai ookes well, :.ui] is largely used lioth for house an'I steam pnrp'jses. — Curboiiilcruus. Vale Ciilli''ry, I'ictnu county, X.S. .... Vnh: Cmd r,,,, PIcI-.k cunntii, X.>-. I'll'. Coal, .^k• Bean's seam, 4."i_'". ■' .^loBoan's six-feet seam." Th" are.i lielonging to tho Vale ('oal Iron ;iud Manufacturing Comi)any is •'■:roo mi! 's in extent, and contains two important seams, the " -McBean six-feet s"aui ■' an" the •' McBean oight-foet seam." Tho latter, whi..'h is the only one '.v.rkeo; bv th; comp:.ny at ; resent, is about snii feet below the foruio tho uiea.-.uu's having an inoliuation of about tliirty-tlvo degrees. Uperatious wore; 80 MJNEKAL.s OF CANADA. begun in 1873. In ]SS4 thoiv woro 30i' hnnds oniployo.l, nu.l 7.'?.,"L",) tons cf coal raiseil. An nniil^-sis of a spocimon from the oi-Iit-fn't sciuu i:;n-o : — Hyffniscopic wjitor ii-j^ Yoliitilo 'jonibnstil.ilo mattci' ,",(r2.'i Fixed c'iii'lion :,'.\-'i\ Ash (white) 7-s 5 Tho coal is ehiclU-nsod as ii stoani nii.l bous.' cv,;,!. r.iko th.' other eoHicrios in the Pietou Holds, this one is w.-Vr;! by iho i)nst-aua-stall system.— CarhoriiJ'i'roii.'^. t-' -Sydney Mines, Cupe Breton, X.S. ^ ^''''''''"^ Ml',:,„i Association. Sii'h,uj I Mdits, ('ill,': Iliifi'ii. X.S. •Ut. Column of coal, from the Sy(hiey main scam. Tho Sydney mines an> tlio m.ist important in ('Aiy.' P.nton. Fn.iii ITs.- to l>i27 they wore worked in a very irreu'ulur manner, -'Ui..tiuK-; bv th^ aovern- mont and at other,- liy various iu.lividuals and .■om].aui..s. According~to :ilr. Rieliard Brown, tlio production duri:,- tins p, riod was ..iilv i'7.-..()0(i tons, or less than half what sliould have l)ecn produced fmm the area w.n-ked. In I8"7 the mines passed into tho hands of tho General .^linin- AsM-Matinn of LouJ,-,,,, who hold under leaso in the district moi'e,.thau ;;i),nii,i a.-v-., underlai^i i^ r th,. most part by valuablo seams of coal, which ran^e fr..ui f„ur fr: ei-iir feet in thickness. Tho Sydney main soam has been tiie most extensiveiv worked in the past and at present oi)nrations are almost entirely conlin.Ml t,. it. It is from five and a half to six foot thick, and of j^^ood ciuality thr„uoh,mt. The fnljowinc/is an analysis of a siieeimen of tho coal by Professor Ilo'v. „f ^Vi^,!sol, X.S. :- Hygroscopic water ;>.(|i Volatile combustibli.' matter .'il-N Fixed carbon dl ■.-,() Ash (roddish-brown) ^.■^., According to G. liuist, Es,,., mana-or of ,h,. Halitax <,as Wnrks tho vi,.l.l , f gas (8 candles) is 8,20.. ,M, Wt p.r ton (:2,-lo ,,.., of coal.'Th.U largely expo,''",'/"" ( Mliniiij Cii.^ '''ijir llnldii, .V..S. 44(1. Coal from tin' Lin^iin main Hoaui. Tho Lini^'an Cullii'ry is situateil on tin; north slioi'o of Indian Day, about twolvo ini]''.sfroni Syilnoy. It was lirsl oponi'il ia isril, liy tlio Ui'ni>ral Minini; Association, on wliosu valual)le aroa of fourteen square miles oiijht workable Hoanis have been t'ouml ami provo'l. The a<,'groj,'ato thickness of tlii,>so is not loss than forty feet of <,'ood coal. Tlio seam worked at present is known as tlio Lingan main scam. It is eight feet eight inches tliiek, anil dips \. :!:.'' E. at an angle of from 12 to IC degrees. At a height of live feet eight inches from tho floor, a clay parting occurs, whicli, at its outcroji in liuliaii Bay, is one ineli in thickness, but in the working slopo, half a mile westward, inero.iHes to lifteen inches, and at a further similar distance west, forms a division of eight feet, S|)littiii;: tho seam in two. The land and sc;i ureas of this tract, taking tho Iiwer seam only, should cont lin almut 7:!, i'"'',""" tons of coal. The coal is uscil largely in tli) miuufa'tur! of gas, f.r which purpo-;o it is well suited ; tho yield of gas jier ton is stated lo be l),7'(() cubic feet. An analysis of sjtecimeu gave — Volatile matter r<:'.'^l- Fixed carbon... .. i':.'riU) Sul])hur 0-77 Ash l-7!» *■■ Tlio output of coal for I.SnI aniouated to 2.'i.-tn| teis. The number of persons employed was only I'M). — Carhunifwo..'. Reserve Mmo, Cupe lirctoi,, N.s. ^ ' ^.,„^,i ,■„., Cq,, n.;'nu, X.S. 447. Coai. 447'/. Coke. This mine is on what ■■ known as the Phelau seam. 1 ut a drift was made in 1SS4 to connect it with the Emery seam which "lies below it, and it is oxpected that tlie new e,,;,! will be reached at '.»(»0 feet. The output for the year was ',>(J,11-I tors ; the nuuiber of iiersons employed being L'(!2. — Ciirhoiiij'erous , ,,. ,-, ,, , >,T o U'thrmitiuiial Coal Co., (.'((pe luternational Mm(\ Cape hntni, A.s. Jlrdon, X.S. 411. Column of coal, fr .m il'e Harbor seam. The International Coal an 1 ft lilway C. ni^iauy of Xew Yerk ac piired in 1811:3 an area of four square miles, -ituate 1 about, hitif way b.uwcea Sydney Harbor and C'jw I5av, tho breadth of the property being not less th in three miles, in the centre of the;;produetive coal measures. It is uiulerliid by at lea4 tV.ur most important .seams, with an aggregate thickness of twanty-two feet "f w..rkiible ''oal. Miiung operations have hjou hitherto coulined !o the llarbir seam, which is tho highest Im the series, and h is a thickuess of from live b'.it six iuchos to sis feet of good coal. (, ■ -f r 83 Is MINKKALS OF CANADA. It hiis l.vii i.P.v,..) to ..NimM (.n(iivly,'i,:iu-,s tlio luvu, luivini; im uut.TO)) of over two inilos. It irt <;stiiimt.<(l that on tlio propi'Vty tliis soaia contiiius 4.,-i(l(i.(l()() Ions ,.f .-oal. ihmI alMiil r.OO.ODi) have lio.'ii cxtractod. For tho year l.ss-l tho .,„i|,ut'ainoiuilo,| 1,, ST.L'Ki vnt<, tho uuiiiIhM' of porsoiis mnployoil iMiiii; 7117. Tho coal is of oxcollont -luality. and is Uv^Ay oxportua for tho niamila.Mir.v lil' i::\<*: it is said to yield i» IM"! ''uliic I'-ct ol ^ixtoru ciindli" i:ns ; and K I7ii U'-. of .•oUo por i.oii. It i^ als.j an (.■k.'oIIimiI slcaiii .■oal. An aualysis of a spi'cinion ;;avo — Volalilo matter ''I''"!' Kixrd carl.on ''-l'- Ash •■iW 'rii(> soMui dips ■<. SI Iv ill an aiule ' 1 '>'. and il;e eo:il Ikis a rou'iilar cdoat rnnnini,' X. 7,'« — sd' \V. The mine is worked Ijy means of a shaft niuety->ix feet liee)) and a slope ."i.'iO feet long. — Cdri'Di'il'i'ruiis. till liiKo-oiHir; .Miiir. CaiH' !>r.>;. 111. .\.>. , ,,; ,, , . ,• .. lUi. Coal. This mine is on Uir I'helan se:im. Tho shaft ia Is^l wa- CJ'l loot dee;), and \va.-> eieanod ••'.w ai ilia; late. The amount of e..;il r.aised in that year \\-xa only ;>.l lo i"i!-, only 1- tiersoU:~ heiiiL,' eniployod, — ( 'iirl/"i,il'i rin's. liilth.' (ilaeo r>a\- Alines, Cape Ih-et'Hi. N.S. ■U.S. eolamn of CoaL ) ' ' /■ • Jliii Mi iiii'ij Co., ■ ( ' '"y„ llntl'l,, X.S. These mine-, are owu.'d by :i eompany of Halifax eajiitalists, whii loasetl an aroii of l,i;|il .lore- i;i Isill from Mr. K. \. Aivhhold ..f Syilney. They have heon w.irki'd, mof. r h---. )>roiit.-r..ly, and al one lime aro >aid to have paiii a dividoutl of -III pi-r eent. o > liui shareliidders. Tiio area is about -ixtoeii miles from Sytluov, and is nu'-t f.ivouraidy situ.iied as regards shipment ■ f coal. It eudirace.s the entire laad oiiter.p of ;lie Iliil. seam, and a larjo propio/iiou of that of the llarhorseam ifr.'iu whieh the eolumi; was lakeni, ami is aUo nU'lerlaid, at a ilept'.L ■'( no; 111 're tiian 7iiO .•.■t hdow li.o la-i-mouiioiitMl .-eam, l.y liiroe wurk- alile .-eaui-. a.iid at a lower depth hv tw" oth'';-. th" tidokues- of whieh has Uv't yet iieen ilotei aiine.i. The total thieiiness of the Uiih -e;im is nine feet ten inelie-, of wid di the njip.".- ; ,.rt i-n. oi,e foot oj^^ht iu.'l.-s tliiek, lieiiiu ,,i inferior .luality. is no; taken out on .'ejit in lii<' uiaiu level. Tho llarh .r .-eaui, whi^h is t!i<> ropro-entalivo ,■• the Suiiioy main soain, i- live f.-'t -ix ilieie.-s ti.iek. The eoal Irom hoti; th.'s.' seauis is lari,'._dy ii-od f..r -'as I'ltrp. -e- in llalil.ix ;iud the I'tiiled, State-, and. yieli- ttoarly in. noil ouoi,,. t.rt o| ]:, .auale gas por tuU. An anaiv,-is ,f ,i -peeiti'en troin tlte flat hoi seam oi'. e. — V, latilo luistcr oO'lil l-'ixi d ea ■(.oil . , ' ' 7 ■ 7 " A-li ... .. :'-01 The t 'ta! ...i put I f e. .d in l^.si auunm;.- J ;_. oi;,l:N t .n-, -dvii,_- ompljymont to 111" men anil (ovs, — Coi ,'.... . /'on,-. i ■4 I |,/3 \r, > m AM;i:iiTiTi;. 88 (Jowric Mines. Cniic ]5rctnii, { (ln,rri''('<,o/ Mn,ii, nf lutclll fuel. Till! ])!■.. jicrty on wliirh tlics.^ iiiinos iiiv ,ituiitors an iirna of two si(U;in' uiilos, iin.l is sitimti'ilcn the n..rth mJ.' of C.w Hay. iidjoinin.i,' tliut of tlio Block- houso mini'. It is undi.ilni,! l.y scvoni! wnrkM!.!.' si.;inis, only ono of wliicli, tlio MeAuloy. is licin- wovkoil. This soiiui has an avoniL'o thii'knoss of livo foet of i;oo(l coal, with from two to six iuchcs which is inferior, and is left to snjiport tho roof. Tho f.moiint of ,.,,al yet roiiKiiuini,'. liosidw that contained in tlic pillars, may 1)0 estimated at aliout ."..niio.ood tons. Tho coal has an excellent reinitation hoth for domoslio and -t"ani pnrpos(>M. ,and thont'li it has a considor- iibloproiiortion of a^h, it is not apt ti' form clinker-,. An analysis liy slowcokini: gave — Volatile matter ;!ie(;-|. Fixe(l carl.on (;;',-(ii) Ash ;5-:,(i Sulphui ,. i>vvi; It has heen oxt'nsiwdy u-,ed in the manula.Muro of i,'as, thoni,di tlii' lar^c jiropovtion of siilphur is (ilijectionabln. The ontpnv from this mino dnrinj,' issl was Sl),;!St tons, the numlior of persons employed lieiuj; I'.IS. — Curhiynifcroxs. Albertite. Albort :\Iinos, Albevf nouiity, X.li. O'l'iJ'niird./ Sii)')'r'i/. r,\. Alhertito. This remarkalil" niin'>ral. occe.rriuir in eoniii etion wilh calcareo-hitnminou-- shales or pyroehisls, was tlrsi discovored l>y accident ahont the year IS.'O, and has been liy sojne retcardi'il as a trne O'jal, by others as a variidy of jet, and by othors .au'aiu as more nearly I'elated, fj asphaltum. It ri'sembles the lattei closely ill apjii arance, KdiiL' very iilack, iirittle and lustrous, witli a broad con- choidal fracture, and lik.' a-pliahcm i> d.,'stirute ol structure, but dilTors in fusibility and in its relation lo various solvent-. It ditfors from truo coal in beiiiLC of oni' i|nality thi-outrliout, in contiiining no traces of vegetable tissues, and in its niodo oi oi'curi'ence. which i, tliat of a vein, auil not a bod. Tlie vein whiidi was worked out about six yi-ars ajo occniiied an irreo-uhir and nearly vertical fissure, and varied fr-iii one in.-h to seventeen feet in thickness. It was min.'d !•> a deptli >•( neai-ly l,."iiiii ii'f\, gradually thinning out as it de- .scouded. Tho accompanyiuLr -hale-; are in sonio portions aluindantly filled with tho remains of I'ossil llslies (Palieonis'us). and ,\ is not imiirobable that from tliose, in part at least, tlio mineral was derived, existing perhaps at first in ,a lluid or somi-lhud condition (in wliicli state it has in some instances Iiecome the cementing material of c iiu'lomcrates), and subst>.pieutly beijoniing alti'red into its ])rosent lorm. Plant remains are alnio>t entirely wanting in the shale-. It is I'-timatcd ilait the total amount of albertite raised was not far Iron, 20i),(Hiii tons, the price of whi.'i! varied at diil'ereut tines from SI") to s,2(i M' )M f i# S^ MINKK'AL.S Ul' CANADA. ,„.r ,o„ It u:h ,nn-irnlly >w,..l f..- ;,au,ixtnvo ^vill, onlinavy bitmninu.H ,1:, ,.,.,1, vi,.l' lin'. ,,ov ton m> ,:,ll„n. of nMulo nil .„■ 1 ...-,0. c„ ..,.• f,.,., of K f .„,!.,■!., iru.ni,,:, 'in, ,,.,w,.,.. \Vl,..n .u,,:lny.-l with o.al .1 Lit a. a .vspluum ,1 viilllill'l" >.'U, '.— /-'."■•/• Ciirhdl'il'n-lji.-i. i)i;r.iiiinnii> .-^lialc Culliiurwu,,.!, ()., 1'.1 H:;. nin^ ( i'inl(iijir:il ,S'"y/Ty. !■!, . .Inl ' or <^,lli,.^'^v. ..,1, nn l.t L'l!. rin-,- .1. yi.^M^ wl,-., ,listill,.a. fmm ,l„v,. t.i fnur i,..r.-Mil..'f tiuTV ,H. whirl,. I.y 111.' n-ii;il i.r ^is „t ,,.,., |i;,,.ai,,n. :,ll..nl< illii.iiii:atiu^' anil iul.n^Mlin- nil-. VV,,rk-, ,n,>l:m,iiiL' twcntv-f-ur r.'l„:1~. and ciimh).' nf (.nnlinnii- alnml •'-,11 .'■illon> of nil .h.ily, I'V thr nistillaiinn nf I'mni Iwnnty to t'.mly tnn. nf .l.alo, wevo .m tod l.y Mo>-r.. IMlav.l and M.rdnnnll, in ( ),•!.. Iht r-.Vt. Tim availaliL" bod "f shaK' is >nvnn Cni't think. :,nd thniiiainri,.! was dnlivwd. hivknu f-r thn mt-rls. at twnty l.,.n;s I'lM- l.-.n, Th" Cnst nf tlm .TM.ln ..il w:is :,;ud tn l,n fnnrtnnn ..,1,1,- :i nallon. and for n whil,' ll:,- hu-iii,>^.- «:i- ,'aia'in,l ,,|i simnn-s- lilly. .1 roadv nuirknt boiiiL,' Inund I'm' tl iU iir,„lii,v,l ; l,ul llin u ,1-ks w,.rn ivi„'at,Mlly ch'stn.y.l hy liiv, and tim jkMimIi'UIi, fP'iii tl il wi'U- ,;,f Kimiskillen, .MUiii.-' iutn .■,,ini"i itinn with tl il i,i,„ln,'.Ml. Ill,' .■utin-i,vi:-n was linally abandnu,-!.— r'/n„ S/,ii/,x. ( 'i(iiil)i-ii.>iliirii'-:iial nil (fn, lailiuad us,j\. .. >'. '-a- „ ( „ uaswnrk-). ;. Ill, in,' ., ■'"••I"' sj'ocili,.' jva'.ity. ,. 1',', i'k ln!,ri<'atiug ,'il l'"!' \vint<,'V usn. ,. /■. 'ranin-i^' nil. /. I ii,.; ,,. ,,il_ >',ii .s|ii;oiiic ij'i'aviiy. .. „). Amii'V (iui.T nil 'a ■■ )Uipouud nil, tlin i,riu.'i|i:,l •■ iii-:it 'i,'nl ln'in. lii'iiie nil). /,. l.i.iii iii.p'iiiue uil (a i.'"ini., innil oi'.). I- '■■'-'■ ?■■. ^ .v-i*;,. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) // ^ J"^ :/. K Si ^ 1.0 I.I UilM 12.5 IIP "^ ^»^ l£ 2.0 IL25 i 1.4 i 1 1.6 rf* ^ /; 'i^ •> '^^■^/ ^j>^ ■y Hiotographic Sciences Corporation \ iV •ss <^ '":. <* ^ o\ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. M5S0 (716) 872-4503 ^ -% > ^ V ^ .,?.i 1^ •t Vi 86 47(1 •> 7- »J /". ., s. »> /. >' (1, '» 'V. M ■C. »> >/■ ,, e. Yellow groaso. Black grease. Soft eoke from crude jj-tu'leum. Crude paralliu wax in seales. Hard crude |)arallin wax in cakes. Clay from oil regions. Hard coke from petroleum lar. 40 pioeos of paralliu wax of various shapes. 11) pieces of fancy parallin wax in diiTerent forms I'.iralliu (lour. .")'• lioxos ot paralliu candles nf various shapes, sizes aud colours, 1',* drinking cups made from parallin >vax. 1 small lion aud '1 oruatneat.il pieces madi; froui parallin wax. Wooden models of derrick aud engine house us(>il in Petrolia, also a piece of a drilling polo such as usod in drilling oil wells. 'iO hottlo.s liUod with samples of all the oils manufactured from the petroleum. The only proilu.'tiv<' oil region in Canada is tl\at in the township of Kmiis- killeu, in the county of Lambton, Ontario. Surface oil and "gum-bods" wero known to exist in tho southern part of tiie township of Enniskillen from the time of the lirst settlement of Western (Jntariii. In LSfitt. Mr. Williams of Hamilton, Ontario, lirst obtaiui'd petroleum l>y boring in tiie underlying rock at this locality, which was tlien named Oil Spriugs. It was soon discovered, how- over, that tho host " oil territory " was >,ituated a fow miles further north in tho same townnhip, in the vicinity of the present town of Pi'trolia, All tho aur- rouiuling country is very level, witli a clay surface. The petroloum-boaring region is overlaid by continuous beds of sand and clay, from 4o to 100 foot in thickness. In some jjlaees these deposits rest immediately upon the limo.stones of tho Corniferous formation, but more frequontly these latter aro found to 1)0 capped by rocks of the Hamilton forni'ition, both of which belong to tho Devonian system. Tbo true source of tiio petroleum soems to be in tho Corni- forou,s rocks. Tho wells of the Enniskillen region lie along the axis of an anticlinal dome, which bring.s to tho surface tho, shales of tho Hamilton >) ,12. »» e->. »> f-i. 1) .'/-'. )' Id. J» i-1. •) ,/-'. ») ki. 1) 12. »> in->. .. n-1. o-J. »» /'-'. 7-'. M /-'. «1 .-■L'. .? fj. ,, 11-2. »' v2. »1 !C2. Pr.TKOLF.rM. 87 formation, Tlio j)f>tinl(Mini i-; ;h a rnlo iloniov tluvn tlint- of Ponirjylvnnm. nn(\ riclior ill p;ir;illln ; Imt tli"ii> i-; lrPi|uoritly a ivitaMi' iliiVi'riMii^n in tli" doiisity, colour and odmr of pofvc.l.nim dorivccl from a minirlo lofality, that from tlio Hhallower woUs lM>in<{ o| a darker colour and thii-kor. Tho disai,'n'oahlo odour of tho crudo matoiial is laryi-ly roinovcd in tiin procerus of roliniu!?, wliicli ]•* carried on oliiolly al Lnnd.'n, St. Tlmmas, and I'.'trolia. Tlie town of Potmlia, having' a populatis 'J't liarrels per day, but tho majority of llio wells only produco one barrel daily. Tlieso small wolls aro ^onerally ])umpod in fjroups of from fl to l."<, one ra}^e leptii of the wells in Petrolia is I'.io feet, while th.>n found in various other parts of Ontario and '.•ueliec-, also in Cape I'reton, and al Poi't-au-Port on t!ie west Coast of Nowfoundiaiid. The petroleiini of Manitoulin [•'land cohkm from tho Cambro-Silurian limestones of thi' Trenton formation; tliat of (ijis))o, Tils.m- bnrg, Pothwell, and as before mentioned, that of Eiiniskillen, as well as the; "■ri>nt natural outflow of tho .Vthaba-ca Uiver, is derived from rocks belonging to the Devonian sv-tem. Athabasca Kivor, \.\V. Toii'itnry f;ti,h.,/;rii! Sunwi/, Tho occurnuico of pctfoleuin or '■ liitunieii " on the .\tlialiasca was roeordoil by Sir Alexander Mackenzie in 17-:>. any Sii .Tohu Henderson in l^.M. The first-named author states, on ])ai:e t>7 , allu'ling to t!io Forks of Athabasca, that "At about twenty-four miles fi-oiii the Forks arc some bituminous fountains into which a polo 20 feet long can bo inserted without the least resistance. Tlio Idtuiuen is in a lluid state; heated it remits a smell like that of sea coal." .\nd Sir .lohn Richardson says, '• The wImIo country tor many miles is so full of liitunien, that it tlows readily iuto a jiit dug a few feet below the surface." The deposits occurring alom: the Athabasca have since been vi.-ited by ollicers of tho Geological Survey, and the maltha or mineral pitch has been oxaininp-om tlioin for a great distance along the Athabasca and Peace Rivers.— Report f Progress of tho (geological Survey, 1882-K4. (No specimens exhibited.) 'i 'I 88 Peat. MINEKALS or CANADA, I St. Hubert, Q <;a,i«la I'.ai Fu,l <\.,„i,n,nj, M,„dnul, (,>. Poat oci'iiiw in grout abundance in many |il:ii:o.s in tlii> I».)iiiiiiioii. Imt lias never boon much workoil, esoopt in a few' l..,;,ilitii'.s Mdutii ..f th.. liivor St. Lawron.'o, and not far from Montreal. The Im.^t.s wliidi wore woikod for some years by tho Can.-ida I'ait Fuel Comi-any are MJtuat.'d at St. Hubert in Cliambly county, about ten milen from Montreal, and at Ste. I^rifjide, about ten miles from tho town of St, .Johns, on tho Uioheli.>u Iliver. Tb.' poat was extracted and prepared by Hodgo"« machineH, of which, in 1H7.-., there were two in u.se at St. Hubert imd ono at Sto. Rrigide. Tlie two at St. Hubert pro.hiced .sOOd tons of poat during tho season, and that at Ste. Bri-ide ."i.Odi) tons, or i;i,t"H> tons in all. A small proportion of this was sold for domestic i)urpo8os, cbiilly in Montreal, tho balance being employed by the (iraiul Trunk Railway Comi^ny m thoir locomotives, Tlio manufacture li;is,'been susj-euded, but ellorts are now bemg again made to utilize the deposits in tin's vi.iuitv. (No specimens o.\bibited.) ¥ I! . Ste. Tbereso, Q., 58<;. Poat. Mr. D. Morris, Sf,. Theris,- (/. Illaiiirill> , (J. IROX PVRITE8. 89 III. MINERALS APPLICAHLE TO CERTAIX CHEMICAL MANUFACTURES, AND TMEIR PRODUCTS. Iron Pyrites. Elizabethtown, O [ l^''"''J\'''1^<- <'hctniral,i,„l Snperphusphate Worh, { Elir.ubvt/itoii:ii, n, 'J.'id. Cobaltiferous iron pyrites. An important dopo.sit cjf iron pyrites ..nuurs in tho Laurontiaii .luartzitos and gneissi's at Kli/.al)fthtown, near HroL-kvilic, O. AecordinK to the (h'tor- minations of Hunt and Macfarlant", tli.' pyrites contains about half of one per cent, of ..xiile of cobalt. Small (iiiuntities of both nickel and cobalt have also been recently detected in the pyrrhotite, which is sometimes associated with the pyrites. In ISO'.), sulphuric acid wnrks were erected in Brockville, about three miles from tho pyrites mine. They were, however, destroyed by fire in 1871. Work was commenced at the i)resent sulphuric acid works at Elizabethtown in 1><71'. The pyrites contains, on an average, about forty per cent, of sulphur, and a ton of pyrites produces nearly a ton of acid. Most of the pyrites used in these works is now imported from neighl.uiurini^ deposits in the state uf New York. ^See lleport of Progress of the Geolo-ical Survey. 1882-4, p. 10 L.) Darling, O.. lot 5, range -i :<:. II. IVi/lie, Carleton Place, 0. .S48. Iron pyrites. 348a. Limonite, resulting from the decomposition of the pyrites. Ha Knob aiine, Madoc, O., lot 18, range 2.... f ' '*^'^^ral Ontario Railway Co., " { 1 rentoH, 0. 398, Pyrrhotite (magnetic iron pyrites). Apatite or Pii:isphate of Lime. Among '.hose mining industries of the Dominion which have of late years attained important dimensions, none have grown more rapidly or promise r J ( ,: » 'I 00 MIXER-VLS OF CANADA. lictfor for till' t'litiiro fhnn the miiiiiii;- of Mimtiti' or plinspliati- of linn'. The oxistcnco of this mineral in thi; Laurciitiiin rocks of Ciinailii. and it^ value for the manufacturo of artificial maiiiiros was iioiiited out hy the (leolo-^ncal Survey many years a;;ii, but its importance was not ai first "generally recognised. Grailually. however, the deposits were worked to a limited extent, and durini; the last ten years minin},''has heen carried en very extensively. The followin;i; fiy;ures show the amount shipped from the pert of Montreal (throuj^h which, practically, all the apatite exported p.isses). f )r the past four years : — Tons. Value. 1882 it;.:,s.-, $;?:!L'.()l!t iss:? io,4r.(; $l2i,!i(i-.' I>is4 L'.'i.ddo s.)l'.^0(l(l l.'^S.'i 23,9(18 The amount sliippiM! in 1S7:'« was only I't') tons, the shipments of the succeed- ing' year -howinj:; a rapid iiu'rease. The mineral, which, as ai)o\c-nieniioned, occurs in the Laurentiaii sy-,tcm, is generally found either in ]iyroxcnite, crystalline limestone, or u^arnetifercuis ;;neiss. The largest deposits are •generally found in or associated witli the ]iyriixenite, which is always reu^arded by the miners as .i ufood indication of •' phosphate." This i)yroxenite varies in colour, lint is usually li^'ht e;reen, and consists of pyroxene often with but little admixtureof other minerals. It seems, in Taiiada. to occupy to a certain extent the place of the " sjefleckter pabbro " of Xorw;iy, which latter rock, however, also occurs in ('anaila, but apparently does not stand in the same intimate relation to the apatite deposits as it docs in the former country. It is very difficult to say whether the ]iyroxenite is, or is not. a bediled rock. Evidences of filiation are usually very obseiu'e. When tlie apatite occurs in the limestone, it is usually as crystals of various sizes, but often aitaiuiufj Fiq'ire III. Fi'i'iri / r. Vein of Apatite in massive Pyroxene Pmck Templeton, Q., lot 1 2, range 1 1 . Vein shnwinir hi e .\patite Crystal. Templeton, l^.. raUjU'e 9, lot 17 (i !', APATITK. 91 largo (1 imcilSKilln must be separated hetun- the aiiatit See No. 'X\ and Figures V, and 7.) As „1I t|„. i when the mineral I!y t patito is realogical Survey, 1S77 — 7!S.) The apatite is shijiped almost exclusively to Great Britain and Germany. It contains, as shipped, from 7." to S.j per cent, of tricalcic phosphate, .Sd per cent, being about the average from the best conducted mines, though lots, where care has been exercised in selecting and dretsing the mineral for .shipping, have yielded 81 to S,") per cent. The cost of mining is stated to vary from $2 to $8 per ton. Prices fluctuate a good deal, but the mineral is worth about §20 per ton in Montreal. _ i I Sebastopol, Renfrew county, O If. AUan, OHmmt, 0. 393. Collection of crystals of apatite, sphene, and pyroxene. These crystals occur in the various limestone bands of the Laurentian system ; the most perfect specimens are generally those which have been liberated from their matrix by the disintegration of the limestone. Laurentian. ^.: AI'AriTK. m Wiikofiold, Q., lot IS. miif,'!" 2 ;i8I. C^rystiils nt" iipMtitc. — /.(iniPiiliini. .1. /f. T'lf/hir, ()ttii'nf vein wliicli wiis dpcncd it year iif^n cuntiiiniMl si'vernl liunilrcil tuns of iln'in. individmil crysliils riiny;in{j in weij^lit from ii few oinii'i's to scvcrul liundrrd |i(iunds, luid l)iisiil sections of soini' of tliciii nii'iisuriny; as niiicli as ciiiliiccn inches. Several liundred tons oi' these crystals have been ex[iortcd. — I.uiirvudaii, Wiikofiold, (i., lot VI, riinf?(« 1 1/. Iiihhiii<>. A Bona, Ayhner, Q. Us. Apatite ;pliM>pliate ot' lime). Tins deposit was lli'>l opened in 187>. and is said to have yielded up to the pri'sent time hcuveen two and tiirei- tlionsund tons of apatite. The mineral varies in texture from coarsely crysiulline to finely ^jranular, the latter bein;; the prodoniinatin;^ variety, h sometimes encloses crystals of scupolite, pyrite, chaba/ite, epidote, and natrolite. — AaMre«/iuH. \ .liiijiJiiifr ('niii/'inn/ (' Llinitdl ), ™ , , ,. \ ;i, <'Jiiijiil Slnri, l.inri"nil ; 2S, (Irnai/iiirrli loiniilotoii, W • stv>'fj.„„'l<,„, /■:.('.: linlartC Adams, Maun- ' ;//»'/ J>ircrtii)\ MiilitrVitI, IJ. 111'. Apatite (jilK^siihate of lime).— /.(/Mr<'rt//an. Tomploton, Q., lot !(., raii-o 11 | J,^^^^ Tan/.teton, Q. 127. Apatite (plio>pliale ni" lime), coarsely crystalline. 12«. „ ,. •• lineiy f^ranular. This mine was opi'ueil in ls7>. and lias since been in continual operation, producing annually alioui '.',i)(iO tons, tiir amount exported to K!i',dan(l and Germany dnrin;;- thoe yrars amounting;- to 14,oi)0 tons. The value of the mineral at the mines is >| 7 per ton. I'hi' apatite occurs as a network of veins which intorsuct calcareous ami [lyroxenic rocks. Two small veins are often seen unitinj;; to form a sjiii;lc larjie om'; at other times the veins are found to be abruptly terminated by the dislocation of the surrounding rocks. J.,argc uantities of black mica are often I'ound in the mine, but seldom so mixed witli me apatite as to detract from the commercial value of the latter. — L'lurentian. rouipioton, Q., lot 1(», raiigo i) ■/.//. P<>d, End Taniilctou, Q. 1-10. Apatite ([iliosphale of lime). — Laiuentian. i : T 1 till 04 Buckhigliimi. U- minm;ual8 or Canada. 1 14. Aniiliif (plioNiiluitf .il'liiiK'). rnm. llw 1 ..iniuio.i I'1.o>i,1k,ic Mini..- a.ul Lan,! < ■..mpunv's Miiu-. Ldiirenltdfi. \ '=> Emomld Mi...'. I'mckinfrlmui. U.. l"t is. nm-c VI n.oln.jiral S.vm,. X',n, A|iMtite (I'li'ispliiU. nfliiiH') ;',Mui. Aiiiitit( , cry stills in I'lilcitc (^fc Fii;. 7 >.— Laiiniitltni. EmomMMinr, 15„rkiu.;haiu, (j., lot ls,r:mg.' TJ W. .1. -l/Z-o-. '"/"'-/, o. li:! rr\>l;il lit' Aii:itit(\ Tlii- nputiti' urvsli.l, whiil. woiyli> J.'.O lbs., un.l i.> (■>:i,', in.hos i.i rircuni- liTcnc.', I- siippn',,..! t.i l)c one .>f til.' liii'u.'st I'v.T uhtai.ic.l in any cnmliy. Thi'so (•vy>i;ils nrciii- ill ;i i.inii iM-ysl;.lii.H' liiiu'.tniu'. an.l in -.iiu- piurfs arc v,.i-y nliinulanl. (Sec Fi^-. {;.}— Ltr.mnliiiii. Littlo L'api'l^ :Minr, I'oitLuul (i H'- -i. A"""- '"'"""- "• : 1. AiiMlil.' { l'iin^|i!iut(' .>f linuO. — /.."'"■''"'"'"• High Kuflc Mm-, r-.rtlana West, 'J G,oloyia,l S>n-rr>/. ;i(iii. Apatilo ilMiDspiiulf nf lime) witli oi'tlKu'last'. ;;(iii„. Apaiii.' ,. „ .. pyi-oxonL'(l)Mn(KMl),-/.luiti> Miniiif,' ami l.aiiil Company's miiu'. Tlii'M' >pi'i-!.n>'ns an' I'nuii an npcii cut I'.d t'cct 'Iccp. whicli is reported to hiivc alrtiuU vidilcil over 8,ihhi tons.— /.-/Hn /./(Vi/,. a f ■ - •■ > i, - ^ «*fv »• be 1 tD c to «2 .5 3 pa 1 r;! r* 1 i ■\ Itl MAONKSITF.. 96 Birch Luke Mini!, Storrin^^toii, (), .fas, D'll, .\nii>rti>i', o. :)I7. Apatito (riiosphutt; ot'liuu'j, — Litureiiliun. North lUir;,'c.ss, O (Ivulmjiotl Sm-ni/. ;j'.»'.». Aluilite (I'lio.splmte ut' liiiu!). — Luuremiiui. Mairnositc or CarUoimte of .Ma!'iii'>i;i. Mugnc'sitf tonus r^ck ina.ssfs a.ssociiiti'il wiili tlu'(|(i!(iiiiitf.>*, •;i'r|iL'iitiiii'.s,ttiitl stteatitL's lit" tilt' KiistiTH TuwiL-shiiis of the jirnviuif of (iuobw. In li(jlt; of a mi.xturc of seriientiiie and ma^nesite, occur. The use of maf,'nesite for the maniifaeture of m:i;4;nesia and maynesiun salts is well k\\<}\\n.—l'n.-L\wihnaii. V [SatLon, Q., l"t I'i, ntiige 7 ;M. Mu";nesite. Geolojiod Surci-[i, Bolton, U. ,")2it. Manne-.itc. CclcstitL' or Siili>lKiti' of Stroiitia. . ( ii'. Celestite. Hi /;.■!■, 0. From u vein o >' 'lU No w lo be exleiisoe. f about 1' iVet wide, nhich is .-.aid to lun irk has yet been done to deveb'ii this di'iiosit iiniUi'iit. been traced ibr «'0i) but it is thouulit "** m m I' I i ',; 96 MINERALS OF CANADA. Oxides of Manganese. Markhamvillc, King's coimtj'.N.B. . .Alfred Marhham, M(trl-himviUe,N.B. 110. I'jTolusite anil mangnnite. Deposits of oxides of manganese, consisting chiefly of pyrolusitc but con- taiiiintr more or less miintriinite, are not of unconimon oocurronec in the rocks of the Lower Carboniferous formation in New lirunswick, and have been mined to a greater or less extent at several points, such as JMarkhamville, Quaco, and Shepody Mountain. At each of these localities the mineral is met with in the limestone, lying at or near the base of the series, being distri- buted through the latter partly in the form of veins, but cliii'fly in irregular masses or '■ pockets," some of which are of remarkable richness. The most important deposits which are at present being worked are those of JIarkhamville. These were first opened in 18(13. since which time a large (puuitity of ore has lieen obtained. Owing to the mines being eleven miles fnjm railway transport, the ore is subject to a cartage of S^'.OO per ton, but is, notwithstanding, ]irofitably worked. Tlu- price. deli\ored at Sussex station, on the Intercolonial Kailroad, varies, according to ijuality, from §15.00 to §100 per ton. — Lower Carboniferuns, Amherst Island, IMugdalcn Islands, Q. 1."). ^fanffanite. ... Geological Sitrvci/. A specimen from this locality, examined in the laboriitory of the Survey by Mr. F. Adams, contained lo-ill per cent, of available manganese dioxide. Oresof manganese are known to occur at several points in the counties of Hants, King's, Cumbirland, Colchester, Pictou, Antigonisli, and Cape Breton, but are extensively worked only at Teny Cajie, Walton, East Jlountain, and Loch Lomond, where the (juarries yield annually upwards of ;>IJ0 tons of ex- cellent jiyrohisite, valued at §3t),0(iO. The ore is found in Lower Carboni- ferous rocks in tiie form of lenticular beds and veins, either alone or intimately mixed with limestones and iron ores. Waltcm, Hants County, N.S ('hnrchiU llrus., U'ulUm, N.S. 17. Pyrolusite. In this locality the mineral is found in detached lumps ranging from one pound to three tons in weight. It is liberated by the disintegration of the enclosing rock, ami can readily be removed with a pick and shovel. lietween the months of April and .Tuiu", 1883, three men took out twenty tons, valued at §10(1 per ton. (See Keport of Progress of the Geological Survey, 18M'-S4, p. 21 l..)—L(iirtr Ctii/niiiitt'niii/!. Tony CaiiL- ]Mine, Hants county, X.8. . . ,/. W. Sf. plans, Trnij ('ape, N.S. 25 and i'A'l. Pyrolusite. At this place several shal'ts have been sunk in a reddish limestone, but as PYKOLIISITE. 97 the (loposits aiv, tor the iiv st part, poi'kcts and irro(). Chromi'.' in)n ore. From a bed ocimrring in ^eriieniine. Aliout ten tons of the ore, yielding 4.-> per cent, of chnmiic oxide, were nmny years ag..^sliii.p..d U> F.ngland, but since then the deposit has not lieen worked.— /'/x-C«//(i''"". U .111 I L't' i m t OS Leeds, (.1, lot 1. rmov li>.. 2U). Clu'niuir iron <^urreij. This niiiii'ral occur- in a i;ani;ue of quartz, and is uften associated vvitli moiybdic acid, which occur> in the form uf yellow crusts. — Lainenlian. GYPSUM. 9\) TV. ^riNERAL MANURES. See also uniler Ajiatit" or riiosphate of Liiiu', p. !^r (.Jypsuni. Gyps-im is worked in Oiitiirin in roi-k.-i of tho Onumlaga formation (Silurian"), and in \ow Brun>\vici< ami Nova Scotia is extensively ilovfloped in the Lowir Carboniferous bed underlyin-j,' the productive coal-measures. It is not known to occur in (|n:intities of comnieriial importance in Britisli Columbia, lint in the Cretaceous formations of the threat plains it occurs sparingly in (lie form of soleuite crystals disseminatc.l throu,u;ii shales and clays. On the Peace and Salt Rivers, tributaries of the Mackenzie, it is found in thick beds of Devonian a"-e. and occurs auain in rocks of the same system on rivers ilowinn' into James' Bay. ' 1 1 J ? Grand River, O. . (h-'i 125. Gypsum. udJUrtf Pi'shr <'(>., fli/psiiii, .][iites, Unhlimtiivl, O. The Kvpsum or '' plaster " deposits of Ontario belon"; to the Onondaga formation, which is eNtensively developed in northern New York, crosses the Niagara Kiver into Canada, and extends north-westward to Lake Huron a distance of 1.50 miles, a-ain appearing at the Straits of Madinac, between Lake Huron and Lak.. Miehi-an. It not only atiords sypsum, but is also the source of valuable brine sprin-s, and includes ma-nesuin Innestones, which in many places are suitable for the manufacture of hydraulic cement. The principal -yp^'"" ™i"''« "•"•'^'''' '"''' ''^""" *'"' ^^™"'' ^^''''^ ^'""'■''''" ^''•^'""'' and Paris, a distance of thirt v-ti ve miles. The mineral here occurs in lenticular masses, varvin- from a few yanls to a .piarterof a mile in horizontal diameter and from three to seven feet thick. Dolomite is f A 100 MINERALS OF CANADA. m i 1 I i, I Throo Brooks, Victoria, N.B. t ]'i'i„7-l'o, X.Ii. The (Icpiisits of ijypsuin occurring in New IVunsvvicU arc wliolly confinotl t<< tlic Liiwor Carlxmifcroiis finniitiini, and arc Imtli ntinu'miis and extensive. The largest lines known at present are ihdsp of Hillsl)(iron>;h in AU'ert county, where extensive (lunrrios have been openc" and whence enormous >inantitics have been and arc still being removed for calcination and exjiortation. The mineral is usually met with in very irregular masses, associated with red marls, sandstones and limestones, at or near the sunniiit of the series, and varies much in charac'.' r. Thus at Ilillsborough, in the quarries now being worked, there is exposed a total head of rock of from !Mi to 10(1 feet, of which about 70 feet, forming the uppt'r portion, consists for the most pari of '' >oft pla>ler " or true gypsum, which rests on beds of " hard plaster '" or anhydrite of unkiK.wn thickness. At tiie same place considerable masses of a very beautiful snow-while gypsum or alabaster are also associated with the varieties named above, but comparativcl}' little selenite is found ; while at Pctitcodiac, where the deposit has a breadth of about forty rods, and a total length of about one mile, the whole is fibrotis and highly crystalline, and is traversed through its entire extent by a vein of nearly pure selenite. eight feet wide, 'J'he rock on the Tobi(jne river, which rises in bluffs silong tlio stream some thirty miles above its mouth, is mostly soft, granular or fibrous, and of a more decidedly reddish colour than at the localities above described. — Lower Carlionifcrous. Hillsborough, X.E Alhrt Manufudurintj Cu., Jlillsboroni/h, NJl. '>MK Gyiisum. .".fiOrt. Large block of " alabaster." '}' cents per ton. In the year 188.5, 87,044 tons were exported tVom Nova Scotia. \ Mount AVindsor. X.S. ■l.'^7. Gypsum. Goi\r)(itaiit iif Xi'iHi Scuti'a. Shubenaciidie, X.i^. 47;j. Gypsum. 1), McLa'i'jlillii, S/titliriniriiilic, X.S. Capo Blomidou, X.S Gu.ln^ji, X.S. . 581>. Selenite. .JS'Ja. Massive <;rpsum. .. A. ./. /////, ^U''"(;/, ''■'!"- Jii-'fuii, X.S. The .selenite occurs in a cliir, iHleeii to twenty fee; associated with red clay soft red and greenish saiulstoiu's, un. Ferijusou, P.E.I. r)75. Shell Marl. hi:. »s I U n ociiiii:. 10:5 V. MINERAL riGMKNTS. Blanaford, d, lot ;), raii-o •_' Inr.nt. ) '. l)l•lUVIl!^il■l•0(l. -•'"• n •' u 1 An iiL'Iiro 1 )(■(!, ;il)oiit rn) iieivs in cMonl. ii >i;u:i!r'l mi tli" Si Xiclmlas rnn'j:i^ of P( lint (111 L;k' ^I'iu'ninry, 011 llu' iHMii'M-ty .if Mr. rifrrc f'lriill.ni ami his brotlicr. It v;irii's in tUii'kncs^ fi'Miu six inulu's t^i IVntr feel, uiiil may liavr an avc'rat;r. ., ,, burnt, dark bru»vni.sli-rfmall scale slinw thai the iiiiantity of peat in the mixture is often siillicieni lo calcine the I'clire. — Alluvion. ,1 Montmorency Falls, Q (nulvjiail Htiy'r'tj. a.ll. Velliiw ochre. burnt. — Allitvi I . Stc. Anno lie Jlontniorunei, d. (Jivhujiral Snrrcij. LI 17. 13rownish iron iclire. 2M. r>r(iwni>li-l)lack iron oclirt'. This di'iiDsit ••t'liclire is situated about a mile and a (jnarteralmve the month of the St. Anne liiver. It ai'pears to extend o\er about four siiuaro acres. The locality i.-- un the lop of ,i bank overlooking^ the main road, from which it is distant abuiil a ijuarter of !i mile. The surface of the bed has a slope to the south-east of about ."in feet in l.Vi. The deiiosit varies from four to seventeen feet in iliickness. Its i'orm j^ives great facilities for excavatinj>: the ochre, as by beginning- on the lower >ide a considerable amount of it woidd be exposed, and the water would run from ii without the necessity of cutting drains. The colours exhibited occur at the surface, but the lower and by far the larger part, is of a pale green-colour. In this green portion the iron is in a lower state of oxidation than in the yellow, but by ignition in the air is peroxidi/.ed, and a red colour thus produced. — AUiirion. Tort Metlway, X.S A. G. Aulij, I'vrt Medway, N.8. 4;!8. Iron I'ehri'. Pnilsey's Point, X.S. 2.")". Iron ochre. — Alinvion. Gi'dhi'jiraJ Hiirvc>/. {L. L. DiKi.w , njinstidtd hy Uriffith Bros. ,i' f'o., ]VM,tr St., Btad-frlurs lid., Luiid.on, S.E. Now Westminster, II. ( 570. Nine samples of iron, zinc and lead paints, &c. BAKITE. 105 i Baritc or IIoiu v Spar. Jarvis Islniid, Lako Suporinr, O. 643. DuriU;. Oeological Survey. Jorvis Isliiiid if, situati'il ii.'jir tlu' north-wosi slinrc of Lake Siiii.ridr, betwocii Thundfr Bay and Pif^con Uiver. Tli.> vein from whioli tho siifciiiicn was taken is nbciiit ten feot thick, and has been workoM for silver to a depth of about ..")() feet. Otlier veins of barite occur on the adjacent islands, tlie princii)al one beinjr on McKeliar's Fsland, one mile south of Pie Isluml. This latter vein is forty-five feet in width, oiie-tbird of it consistin-r of white burite in bands from two to six feet thick, runiiinj,' parallel to che walls of the vein, while the rest of the vein is crystnlline caleite bidding some silver j,'lance and native silver. — Aitimi/iie Series. North Burgess, 1. Barite — occurs in ii vein. CndliKjiral Surrei/. . OeohMjiatI Surf'!). Bass River, Five Islands, X.S. 577. Barite This deposit is situated two iniles up the Bass Kiver. Ei^^ht hr.ndreil tons of crude barite, haviiiir a niarkrt value of $10 per ton, were shipped in 1874-7"), and the total amount extruded may be estimated at over 3.0()0 tons. A portion of this was used t'lr the manufacture of paint ly liie " Dolphin Jlanufacturin,!;- Company," of St. Catherines, ()., amlthe rest of it was shipped to the United States. (Hepurt of Proi^ress of the Ge(jlogieal Sur\ey. 1882-4, pase ti:'>L.)—Ca>iif>r<) Siluriini. Stewiaclvo, N.S. Hnnh.r-oa vV Pvtti, Ilali/.i.r, X.S. 111. Barite. 111(/. ,, (crushed.) Greenville, N.S. ,570. Barite. Givlu'jiad Surrey. Packeuham, O., l)t 3. range 11 W. IL Wylu, Carhtun I'lace, 0. 2G3. Barite. .*t; m 1(1(3 MINKRAl.S or CANAJ)A. m Whitinff. •\T 11 1 TT i- i. /-\ 1 i .)• o (If- 'i. ■'llkn ^' So)i.s, MtirlbfinK, Tlastiiif's county, (J., lot .).), ranco -i .. < ,, ,, , ,, ( Mmibiink, O, rial. Slicll iimrl. ,')2lit' lorty l)ari\ls of salt (L'Sii ll)s. Id till' iiaiTcl), is ill npcrati'iii, wliii'li (|iiaiitity is iinuliu'Pil every I weiily-i'iuir liiuirs. I'l-ice seveiity-tive (.■eiits per l)an'i'l, (ir«,l'lii) pertnii. The aiiimul prodiirt i- frma t;,ii;i(itM lO.uiiK barrels a year. One [laii haviiiu' a eajiaeily of A ami fifty liarrels of salt (lioii Ihs, to been the barrel) is Used, wlii.-li ipiantity is proihieod daily. \Vork siis[iellded for the prest lit. Scii^rth, O. (Sfdi Yocinj §• Hji"-rliiif/, Sinfiirth, 0. Tab ,alt. .'IS id. Hue salt. '|/;. CiKir: ■Ic. Brill. salt. .\ii AiKilvsis of .; and /> i^'ave— lii PortFmiiljs, Bosiinquet.O 117///.^//^.^' }liirr'iii,P<,r* Ffiuh^, f.nmhtiHi, <>. .■5ii;i. (^larse salt. <♦• Sodium ehloride 'J8-10 tileiuiii siilphato ph;i 1 ■2!) Mau;iu'siiiui chloride "Ott Water 0-,58 Insoluble in.itter "■tl4 This eonipany <'inploys f.iur evaporating. ibout 15(1 barrels of >alt p< r i '.(."•.■^s.-jS 1-:V2;!0 o-i'dOi) 2-:!',ili; 0(1(11(1 <)!fsi;si iians, eaeli liaviii'. a capacity per ton. Their annual \ lav. Price seventy-five ci'iits [ler iiarrel, or §!? 1 production may be estimated at (U),(i()() barrels. The i 108 MINF.RALH OF CANADA. ri»' \P mirfiifc HMk in ilio (tiituriM snU ri'f;iiin i-i >•( (■..rniftTcpus ii(,'(', ullhniinh ihf brinu is lu-lifvi-a in uU I'liso to conu' t'p.iii ilic nndirlyinj; Oiiondiinn fornmtiiin. — Si/uridii. In 186.") Iirinc wiis discnv err one i;reat werkable mass. Dr. Hunt, who analysed the salt, oalculati'd that the yield fr.o()(i biisluds to the acre. Ill In;.'!. •t.">l..'7(! barrels of salt were made in the jirovince of Ontario ; the manufacture is, however, only limiied by the demand. (See Reports of Progress of the Geolojjical Survey, especially those ot ISHti-'.i and 1S7C-7, \\hieli contain Dr. Hunt's jiajiers, also those for 1.S7I-.5.) Rock Salt- —1st be( ,, •Jud .. I' :'.rd ., lib ,. •Iih „ tith ,. 1(127 11 l((8.'i t 11 ^7 U'L'S ll'lJl « 1385 Sussex, N.B. Sussvx Salt ('(I,, SiiH/ii'r, Kiiij's I'unidij, X.lJ. ni! Brine si)riiii;s( .eur at several places in KinL''s county. They are supposed to be derived from a series of brieht red sandstones anil brownish-red shales, forminii- i ..e of the upper niembi r> (A' Aw Lower Carboniferous formation. Salt has been manufactured at the hjcality above-named since lSl.'7, but in a very primitivo manner, there beinj;- no concentration previous to boilinj;' and great waste n\' Inat owlnu; to improper construction of the ovens. The (puin- tity of salt annually luMduced is very variabli' ; under favourable ein'uuistances however, it readies sixty to seventy b'isluls per week, but niiu'lit readily be increased to :ii") bushels per week. Its eonsumiiiou is entirely loeal, beinj^ chiefly used in tln' nuinufaeture of butter, for which it is preferred by the farmers to any imported salt. The price at Sussex is §1'2() per bushel, oi $1 per l)arrel of I'uur bushels. (No .specimen exhibited.) — Loircr Ciiitnmifcrnus. 1 1 Otta\\"», O (Jo;). M ineral water. 11 '. UorthficL; Ottuiva, 0. \ MMKSTONK. 109 i VII. MATERIALS APPMCAP.LK TO CONnroX AND DECOK'ATIVI': (OXSTKl'CTK )\. BUILDING STONES. Liinestonos. Tnxiula Tsland, H.C iln.lv.jiod Shi-wi/. :!2I. Six-inch ciilii' nl' iiiiicstniic, drcssi'il. At the nurtli-wi'stcTii cml i.f Tcx.ida r^laiid. cry.tulliib' lliiu'stoiu'.s art! well I'xpiisi'd aloii!,' thi' cdiist t'lir :i distance of alxiut si'vi-n inih.'s. Tlusy are whito, di)vi'f;ivy, and l)liiisli in culdiir, ami rcsfnddf tliosc nf .Mount Mark, nn Vuncouvur Island ; sunii' (iC tlii' wliitc, linwcvcr, arc nl' r.dh.T finor tcxtiiri'. Curboni/'eriiH.i, Saanicli, near Victoria, li.C Jmciih Wriijijl uroriJi, \'iciriii, JS.C, 547, Linu'stiiMc (wliiti"), polislu'd fra}:;ment. Goderich, O •/'■'m lli/.ilop, (Unkricli, <). .ISO. Six-intdi culu' of limestone, dressed, AI)oiit thirty IV'ft of iliis roik, in licds from liirct' to six feet thick, is oxpi)so(l in a clilf at Mr. llyslop's ijuarry, and lar^'e blocks can he easily (ibtaincd. Tlic stone niakc^ j^ood lime, hut is cliiclly used for l)uildinu; ])ur- p s. The piers of the MailUind hridite at (iodericii, and the UoderiLdi jail, i ouilt of it, — Canii/eniiii funiiatin/i, /Jo'ointiK, Point Ann Quarry, Tlnulow, O (Iro/oi/iod Snriri/, 47. Six-inch cnlie of limestone, dressed. DoAvncy'.s Eapids, Hog Liilfo, O. (I'enlixjicnl Hurvi'ij. ."i.Sl, Six-inch cube of liinestoMo, dressed. These limestones iiri' Iron an escarpment ai)out li Id feet high, which runs 4 no MINERALS OF CANADA. along till' Mmtli ^licrc nfllon- Luke. Hniiill .lUiiiitilii's hiivo been (niarn'id iinil 1190(1 in the cnn^t^u^■tiMn of \V!illl)ri(lj;f's ^Mills iit Downey's rinjiids. Window sills or slonos for (.•oiiinj;- riUi hv olitaini'd more tliiin ton feet in lenj;lli.— Birdsei/e mid Bhic/i llinr/oimation, Ciim/no- Silurian. \ Eos,s, O., east liulf lot 2:>, vnntxe 4 C Siuith, Ihihijs. O. 14'.). ^^ix-ineil eulie of limestoiir. dri'ssed. Tliis stone is used only for lornl pnrpo'^es. It forms a small hand, of wliieh the Unvei- beds contain a great deal ^. 287. Six-ineh cube of limestone, dressed. — Trc/ilon foniidtion. Kingston, GiuhKiiad Sura ij. '■U- 48. fSi.x-ineb cube of limestone, dressui This specimen is from ]\Ir. Kirkpa' rick's (|uarry, and is used for building purposes, principally in the city of Kingston. 1-4 Lanark, O.. lol I'l, range Id J. IIo(j;/, Almonte, O. \'i\. Si\-ineh cube of linu'Stoui-, drc ssihI. This building stone is obtained from a band of Laurenlian limestone. sn|i|io-. ii Piikeiiham, O., lot 1 1, range 11 (leolugtcal .Si,rrc>/. I'.l"). Six-inch cube of iiuiestone, dresM-d. From the (piarry of .Mr. William Dickson, wlueh has been worked at intervals for the last forty years, and now shows a worked face 3(» by 100 fwr. Some of the i)eds of a chocolate colour are susceptible of a hij^li polish.— lildck liiver fonnatiou, Cainlnn- Siliinaii. Pembroko, 0., lot 12, rangi< ! (Jenhijir,,! Sum if. 159. Six-iiudi culie of limestone, dressed. From the quarry of .Mr. 1'. While. The beds are from three to twelvi! inehi's thick. The stone is I;i.r!;-ely employed in the town of renibroke, and has been used to some extent fia- bridges, t'i.-c. The price of block stone is 9 cents a cubic foot. An analysis of a speeimen, similar to that exhibited, gave — carbonate of lime. s.'5-9i:; carlw iiat. 'magnesia, 9'L'9 ; carbonate of iron, (i-(;9 ; insoluble. (J-oi;. — ('hazij J'nriii7. Six-inch cube of limestone, dressed. From the tjuarry of ]\Ir. C. B. Wright. These (junrries have been exten- sively worked for a long time, the beds, which are almost horizontal, having been removed over a large area for a depth of fifteen feet. Blocks ten by five by three feet can be taken out, and are sold at from 25 to O.'i cents per cubic foot. Jlost of this stone is used for building purposes in the city of Ottawa. The upper portion of some of the beds presents a banded structure, the lower portion being finely granular. The stone is easily dressed and susceptible of high polish and sharp tooling. — Trenton formation, Cainbro- •'Silurian. Hull, Q., lot 14, rango S (jtvjujjkal Hnrrei/. 210. Six-inch cube of limestone, dressed. There is an exposure of seventy feet of this limestone. The lower beds are coinparativelj' free from any dotrimcntal inclusions, and large blocks could bo obtained. The upper beds might be employed as a marble, since the stone is sometimes beautifully mottled with translucent green serpentine. — Laurentian Portago du Fort, Liclitield, Q (,'tuloijiail Siirvci/. 151. Six-inch cube of limestone, dressed (white). 1»^- V ». n ,, (grey). From an extensive band of crystalline limestone, striking north-east and south-west. The beds, wliich vary in thickness, are sometimes grey in colour, alternating with others which are almost jiure white. The stone takes a good polisli and weathers evenly. Pointe Clairo, Q L. W. .VaUtttc, Puinte Claire, Q. 222. Six-inch cube (if limestone, dressed. The beds of limestone (|uarried at Pointe Clairo are from one to three Icet thick. The stone is compact and dark grey to black in colour, and was used in the construction of the piers of the western half of the Victoria liridge at Montreal, the blocks obtained for this purpose weighing from four to seven tons each. At present the .puirrit s are i.nly worked on a very limited scale.— JJinlseye W. Six-ineh euiie orhmestime. dressed. Tlic C;,ui;lina\vaga (luarries are on lands belonging to the Indians, and at "lie tune iurnished largo .piantities .,f stone for the upper locks of tiie Lachine LLMEHTONE. 118 canal and tor thos. of the Bo.uluirnnis .vu.al, Subse-iu.n.ly they wero only ^orkvd^a nuwvals. and nu a very liunt..! scuh. ; but at p,vs.„t consLlcTabh" quantuies ot .stone are bein^- obtained from them to be use.] in the enla.-ement ot the Laehuie canal. The bed» are from nine inches to three feet thick. - C/ui::i/ formatwn, Cambru- Silurian. Terrobouiic, Q TT'or/' ;,„//,,„ «w ir ^ t r^ 51)1. Six-ineli cube of limestone, dressed. At the (juarry of Messrs. Worthin-ton an. In Montreal, undressed ashlar stone sells a^^t from eighteen to twents cents i)er sipiare foot, dressing costing from fifteen to thirty cents extra p.r fn ,t. Stones of larger dimensions, sold by eubic niea.--ure, are Worth fnrty-li\e cents per toot for blocks of fifteen eubie feet or under; blocks eontaiiiing from fifteen to thirty feet sell for sixty ci'Uts per foot. — Trcitton fiirmaliitu, C'li'thiu-Silitiiitn. i4 Desuluimbault, Q l'iiUi<: U'ur/xS Dii^inriuuut, iue. dressed. This ijuarry is being cMiu-iively worked at [.recent, about l',(\ men bein" cnqiloyed in the various openings. The iieds vary from niue inches to three feet in thickness, and the finest stone suitable for all the better elass eut stone Work can be obtained. It has been used e.\teusively in the cities of Q"cbec and Montreal for the last thirty years. II f I 4 •I* lU m I* I m , ui » MINEKALS OF CANADA. Pointe aux Trembles, ti /'"W- " '"''^ ^'T«'-«"«"<. <^"^'^-- <^- 309. Six-inch cube of limestone, dresseJ. These quarries are now abandon,.!, theDesehambault stone being preferred. St. Valentine, St. John's county, Q I'. Six-Inch cube of limestone, dressed. This stone 1ms been extensively quarried for the last fifteen years, and has been used in many of the pubUc buildiu-s in the nei-hbourlu)od. Price ot block stone is twenty cents per cubic foot. -Trenlonfornmtio,,, Cambro-Sihrian. Cliuteau Richer, Q /'"Wk' Wurl^s Dqmrtment, Quthec, Q. •J20. Six-inch cube (jf limestone, dressed. Tiiis -^tone is said to occur in beds from live to fourteen inchr. tliick, and unkes fine rubble work. The price is *1 per ton at the quarry, and §8 per ton laid down in the ciiy of ^>uebec.-i?/af/( Jiiver formation, Cambro-Sdurmn. Shipton, Q., lot -n, range 7 , n, 271. Six-inch cube ul' dolumite, (h\,sii ets, per cubic foot. Guelpli, O '>9-i. Six-inch cube of doioaiite, dresse '/( IHIiijifltJ Sllfl'tl/. Tlio (Uielph I'orniation. whieh immediately overlii's the Nins^ara Ibruiatioii in Western (Jntario, is lari;i'ly dexclojied in tlio ni'iL;ld)onrhood of Gnel|)li and Gait. It i.s made up of pure dolomites, uliieii. lliuu^di i;-enerii!ly porou>, are nevertheless eidurent and well suited for Iniililia:; purpo>es. iVt (juelph, \\here tho beds are from four incdu's to two feet in tbiekni's-, there are niui- quarries in the immediate vieiiiity of ihc town, :oid laru'e i|uariiities of stone are taken out. Blocks suiiablr for (!re'-.in^- sell fir about 1 ^ cts. pv^r eubie foot. — (Juvlpli Jhniiuiidii, >i/iiri(ii<. Dundas, O K. a- <'. Fili'n\ Turonto, o. "I'.i."!. Six-inch iHib,- of dnlomit^'. dressed. The ijuarry of ^U'Nsrs. Fanpdiar is only a ^Imii'I distance from the l)and,i> raih\ay station. The beds here ju'e Ir an tiiree inches to three fei^t tliiid<, the total tiackness beiui;- about sixty let l. A :-;■> tiaien like that exhibited was found to contain carbonate of lime. .M'.S") ; carbonate of ninL;-nesia, 4l'li,"; carbonate of iron, O-i;^ ; and iiisoluiih' matter. a'S^. 'I'lie stone is chietiy ii>ed for makinj^ lime and for road metal, the laUer seiiniL;- ,a -^lo |ier cubic toise. — A iiKj'UJ Joniliitioii. Siliiiidri. 'n_',h,iiic((l i^iirni/. r.eckwith, O. l.'jj. Six-inch cube of doliiudte, dr'ssed. This grevish-brown dolouiite i- from iln' qaanles of the Canadian I'aeifi' I'laiUvay, on the I'-'th lot of the i_'tii raiu;e of the lo'.vnsbip of Ceckwith. It i- I l\li ■,!■ 116 MINERALS or CANADA. used fui- window uikI iloor s,]ls,and nh > lurjiely for lanils. Q /'"hiir IVvrhs Ihintyinunt, Quthc, Q. ,",(i>. ,Si\-inch cube ut' tloloniite, dressed, 'I'lri- .^tune occurs in beds from twelve inches tn five teet thick, but has not vc; li(( n suthciently opened to satisfactorily determine its charact'- It weighs 1 7i I lb,-, ju'r cubic foot, and can be transported to the city of Quebi . , a distance of 420 miles, for §2 per ton. The stone is susceptible of a fine polish. Qurliec, Q /'nlJic Il'c/Vi.s JhjKoiiunit, Qnchcc, Q. oh<. Six-iucii cube of dolomite, dressed. Tl,i> stcme, which has a thickness of aiwut forty feet, is chielly used by :\1( ~M>. Gauvreau A: Co., Quebec, for the uumufacturo of hydraulic cement. It is al,-o caiiilc'vcd in Inundations and other works of construction. % W 1 ,1 J: ■ Siuidstiuio. Xosvea-tlo ls'.;aul. B.C. I VniiO'iirir f'liil Miniiiij nit•'. JuilJiiiis, Sii2>t., XaituiiKd, BJ'. W. Sl\-iuch cube of sand^tnnc dressed. All.' 'US t!i'.' c'ul-iiearing rocks i.f Newcastle Island there are beds of bniwni^li-'^rey sandst'.in'.', whicii all'onl cxccllcut material for building and flu'^iziui; >-:"nes. 'I'lu' upper beds are of tlu; Itest quality, and it was from one (li tli.'se tliut Mr. v.. v.. F,in'_'ry, of S in Francisco, oli'.ained the stone for the con>truclion of p'n-tious of tlie mint iu tiiat city. Blocks tor pillars wer." taken out, wbicli after dressing were twenty-seven feet six inches in length, and tlu-<.e teet ten iui'lu's iu diameter. Fiag.stones, with evm surfaces, as much as li'U feet s.juare, have also been obtained, and are easily (|uarried, and it is not unlikely that some of the measures will atVord gocxl griiulstones. — li . -, ^, ( ViiwDUVtr (■"((/ Miiiiii'j uh'l Luiid <\i. {Limittd), ^='ii'T""''' l''^ ( Xn„ni,nv, ll.c. 321. Six-:;icli cube of sandstone, dressed, Froai iiii extension of the beds which occur on Newcastle Island. The IMV SANDSTONE. 117 quarry was uponcd in tho spring „( l87.->: and hu-.y hW-ki c;ui l)>" easily obtained.— C'/t(((«'ous. Chase River Uirirry, Xaiuiimo, JJ.C. | ''""'""■"'• ''"■'/ ^f'"'"J •'"■' ^•"'"' I!l'i>. Six-iiieli eulu-' of .sandsionc, ihv^^svd.— Cn Ki'vous. Ledge Point, Port McXcil, Vanouvor Isl:i,nt'ine, dressed. This stone occurs at the shore of Salt Sprin-^- Island, where tlnH' i> evi ry facility for quarr\iii'j; anil shipment. It is a sandstone ol' -.^retit >tren'^tli and has been extensively (piarried of li!r fur the construction of the dry il'^k at Esquimau, 1>.C. — CnJaKims. Pender Island, B.O -A'/'" -'if-rtl,,,.;; ri-hri", /!.<'. rr'A. Sandst. ne (Browning' Island >vvas ol)tain.'d, lias a face of twelve ieel. The stoi'ie is ];n-vly employed lor buildiii- purjioses, f,,r w! icii, when line -rained, it is well adapled.- On^hiny jhr.ialinn, Drmnoin. Grimsby, O (.I.oh.jh'al .ia> j. 5'.»7. Six-inch cube of Sandstone, dressed. There is a band about sixteen feet thick of this red and -rev nivttled ift I,- p.. 118 MINI.RALS OF CANADA. .■ kiiKuii to liavo a thickiu'Hs nf thirty fcef. Tlio upjior h(>(l ilium' is tv.vnty fii-t thick. Mr. Geo. 1'. ^ri'rrill,of iiif I'liiteil States Gcoloi;ieal f>ur\cv, receiulv nuuK' a niieroscopie examination of it, and found it to be ciimposcd of ([uart/. and felspar, witli a very little miea. The erushinj; .strength is reported to lie ll.riOit Ihs. to the square incli. Thus far it has bi^'en used prineipallv in the Uniied Slates. The price of bloekstone is ."lO ets. per cubic I'iipI of 'il!0 lbs. — I.O'i-cr Vutnlirimi, S'ijii'jnii foriitKlion. Caledon, O. (Ml. Six-inch cube of sandstone, dressed. — /?/•'/«•« .^7i;,/t Co., Credit Forks, ()44((, DiUo. — Piililir H'c/Zls' lJ,ji(trlmi-i(f, Odawii, O. Caledou, 0., lot !», raiigo 4. . ('n lit Fnrhs Sfnnc (\>., ('relit F„rks, O. 4,'i. Six inch cube of sandstone, dressed. In those two adjniiiiiiji' ((uari'ies about 1,"jO men arc cmi)loyed. Tiie brownish- red variety of the stone occurs in beds six feet thick, and is underlaid by a greyish or whiti>h saiulstone. Tito beds have been stripped over an area of four acres and tlie stniie removed to a dejith of about llfteen fi'et. It is an excellent building- m;itrrlal. The price of the j;Tcy stone is 4,") cents, and of the liriiwnish-rcd stnue liO cents per cubic iiw\..— Medina I'uniintion, Silnrtan. Gloucester, Carleton county, .")'.)S. Six-iui'li cube of ^andstllue, dressed. . Oi.tdn(jici(! Sinvcij, From Skead's ipiari-y. ab^ait four miles from Ottawa. The stone is very tine grained, of a brnwuish-ui'i'y cnjuur. and would nuiko handsome buildings. It appears, howivcr. in be ditlicult to (piarry, the Wocks nbtaiued iicir.g of very irregular form, uwing in a somewhat conchoidal fracture. A dressed specimen, about seven fiei Inug, may be seen in the co])ing i.nijirs, Tlu" IVml.rok.. court- hoiuse is built of it, ami it is somctiinus cmiilovnl for iniikiny; monuinrnts — Chii'-ll J Ihpdrtmruf, Qnthcc, Q. ;U1. Six-ineh cube of sandstone, dressed. This stone is said to occur in bed, Inmi eishl inches to five feet thick. It has been employed in the <.onstri,etion of some piers and buildm-s ai Quebec. South Qucboc (rnint Levis). Q r"1'"c W.-rh Drparhncuf, O'"!'"'. Q- G'.». Six-inch cube of sand-tone, dressed. From the Puint I.n-is Q>„n-n, Hloek. of any si/e reMuired f,n- buildinc, en. bo obtained. It has been used in the new l-.rhanu.ni Huihbn.^s .nd „. th, irtdiouse ut qnvW'r.-S,l/en//Tma!ior,, ' nrnhnn,. court Cap a I'Aiglc, Murray Ray, Q l/<-^'-. P'^'"^' ^,n.v,. fiOl. Six-inch cube of sandstone, dressed. It I 130 MINI:RAT-S of fANADA. m' Rddcpovt, Wi'stinnrliiTid oonnty, X.I"! I'lhv /f'hjnii, RiAiMirf, />. 19H. Si\-iii('li ciibi' of saiulstoni', drosst'd. This i|iiiirry is kinnvii us llic U'c-tiiiiircliiiiil rninn Frccstdiir (iniin'y, iind is siliiidnl nciir llu> < 'mnlici'iiiiiil lla--iii. ISliu'k,-. d' :ilinos| ;iny si/.o ciiil lie iihtiiini'il, iitnl sell lit s">'"" 11 ton. It is cxpurli'd In Ni-w York, IJoston, iind I'lirilMiid, r.S.A. — Millsliiiw (iril J'liriiitilioii, (.'(iilKiiiijlmiis. i vt Kockl.md, Dorcl.ostcr, N.B f ''"^"'""'''' ('>'''■>'' ■"'; p-'-v""'//, ( Itiiii.iitiid, .\./i. G^yJ. Si\-iiicli cuIh' iif saiidstonr, dresst'd. Dorcliostor, Wostinorcliiiid county, X.B N. /'. (h'jood, Sf. Julm, X.Ii. i'lfj'J, ('■ilimiii iif tVoi'stdiif (hrown). •"'''2"- „ ,. (fed), 5 I'l'i, I'lMit i'ul)o „ (iilivi'). Tli(>s(' s]ie('inioiis iiro from the Millstone Grit formiition. or lowor nicinhcr of tho f'lirhoiiif'rrous system, as rpproscnted in New Ilriinswick and N'ova Scotiii. Lnri^<' sliiiniK'iits liiivc bei'ii niiidi' froiii sonic (iniirries in this district. The I'lidreau i|Marrics hcin;^ first ojiciud in IS.'itl, mid ilic Calcdoniu ([uarrics at Koclvlaiid ill \>M, The stone, wliicdi in the riiited Slates is known ns '■ Xova Scotia stone," is prized mi account of its colour, the facility with which it may he cut, dressed, and oniaiiKMiti'd, and also on iiccoiint of its dnraliility. The nrevailini-' colour is a yidlowish or olive-j^jrey, shiidinq; on the one hand into a diocolatedirown, and on the other hand into a lduish-p;roy. At Mary's Point a portion of the rock is a pale piirplish-^'rey colour i and stone of this colour is the most iihniidant and diiruliie). 'I'lie wo rkahle beds ari' from two to six feet in ihickness, and blocks can r<>iubly bo obtained of any size up to a leni;lh of thirty feet and a wei-^lit of twenty tons. As a rule, they contain liltlo or no pyrites, and after seasonini^' by wettiiiL,^ and exposure, are unaffected by fro^t. I'ortions of the rock also yidil e-ood <,n'indstones, moderately scd't, and with a clear sharp ;^ril,— J/(V/\'(//a' Uril funiiation. f ■» Near Nowpiistlo, Xortliuiuhcrliind ) m i ,< r r, i , ^ ^ ., county, X.Ii ) AA'.(/''s ( itrrij & ( -., Amlirrd, A.,S. :58t'. Si.\-iuch cube of sandstone, ilrossed. This stone is bein;jj employed in the new Departmental liuildiuf^s at present in course o.' construction at ( )ttawa.— .l//V/.v/o/(c ( Irit Joi'iiiution, \ Bay Chaloiu' Qiiairies, Gloucester county, X.^^ lo/^vph lUcd A- Cn. 272. Two six-inch cubes of saud.-,tone, dressed.— J//7/,v/t)i/(; Cril j'unwt/iuii. Wallace, Cuiulicrl.nul county, X'.S dioloijiad Siirri-ii. r>04. Six-iiudi cube of sandstone, dressed. The Carboniferous sandstones uf Xova Scotia in many localities afford II k SAN'DSTONK. 1^71 liiu" building stcmi's. This >i inun is from ii (|niirry iit Walliici', sitiiai.Ml iihoiit l.')(l t'fct ulx.vo liiKh-watcr niarli. and only liOO yiinl.s I'n.m a i; I luirbdiir. The lic.ls arc hnrW.■^nU\\, s\u,\ for the first fifteen fct from tlic siirfiicc vary in tliiclincs;. from f.mr iiidu's to two feet ; In low lliis ilnrc is ii innssivflicii, wlli<'il isst.leili.y Mr. ilcllstis to l)c from tiirec to li^lit fi el tiiii'li. It is (iivideil into rectuneular ma>ses In- Joints from six to fourteen feel apart, wiiiuli j^really faeilitiite the (iiiiirry in '.;•.—' '"/■//f)H,7;reH.>(, Nurth Grunt (inarry, Aiiti-oiiisli, X.-< (''./.'. U7,;7,/,// ^■ySu„.■,, ( A iiti'Jiiiiish, S.s, 501. Six-ineli ciiLi' of ,saiid-.loiie. dre-sed. Six Slilc r.riink, West River, rictou mimfy, X.S. ;U,"). Six-inch rube of sandstone, dressed. Ornlniili'ji! Snri'i'ii, This .stone is from ilie Fdlioi (|;iarry, (nvneij iiy Win. I!. :\Icf\en/.ie, and has been nsed iirineipally for nionmnents. Tiie priee of bloidi stone is .",() ecnts per ciibic foot, or ^iJ'OO per ton. — Aert/' < 'nrhoiu'/'uroiis. Eight Mile V,voo]<, West liivcr, | ./„/,,- M.n-j.lnr.a^u, El^jht Milr lln.i.k, PiotOU county, N.S. ( I'lrlmi nuinf//, .V..S. 'iOi. Six-ineii eui)e of sam'stone, dressed 'broun). •'>ii5. ,, ., „ ('4'rey). — Loirrr '_'(irfi(i':ifiro>is. Walliico, Cumbfrlandcouiily. X.S, , . Wilhu'r iiriij !tone, dri'ssed (Ijiiie), •■i"". ., ■. •, IS''''}). This ipiarry lias been in operation for the last fourypars, prodneinf,^ annually about J.liOl) tons, the vahie of which would be ^li»,!liii). The beds froai wiiitdi the .specimens were obtained have an au'ijre^-ate t!ii(dvness of seventy feet. — i jipi'i' ( 'tirliiinijcriiiis. River John, Pictou couniy, X.S. (iii.li.ijlrnl Siirvoj, 2(i7. Six.-in(di ciilie of --uud^l'iiie, ;!res-ei|. From the (|uarr\ of i)r. I'oUie. BoUcvillo (iuarry, ricton, \..^ A'lim MrKcan S,- S,oi.^, I'.'dmi, X.S. :il')S. Six-inch ladie of san>'.>lone, dressed. These beds have been pen.trated |V,r aliuut tifly feet, and it is said are siill yieldiuLC w(dl. The stone is largely employed in Xova Scotii for [.ublic buildings. The price of block stone is oO cents per cubic foot.— fjjiper (/tirboiii/'erovs. I. -b V22 MIN'KRAr.S OF CWADA. 4 Oranton (Juarry, Tintoti, N.S A'. /•'. I'li'nuhirn, I'ldon, X.f^. 2(>l. Two six-iiii'li cubes nrsiiiiclstcinr, dri'sscil. At tliis ([iinrry tlioro is iibiml twenty-five feet nf vvorluible stmie, wliieh hns liccti i|U!iriie 1 . IIK) uiiil :ilf.'. I'ldostiils ,,(■ red ^'riiiiitc Tlic cninpimy's i|ii;iiTy, ''mm wliidi ihis >tonc wii-. Iiikin, i-, silmiliMl mi tlip cast fiivc lit' KiiiM-tmi lliii'linur. 'I'lic s|i,iii. nliiiiini'il vnrii-t siiiiu'wliiit in clmnicttT, sdiiitiiu. ^ liiiviun' a ^ncisiic sIimi-iiut, li t 1 lsc>\licri' licinu' i|iiitf mnsMivo. The colnnr is Hi.ncriilly sutiio liiit of nil wilii avry win y niiirlun«:s. It i-, I'hiiiiHii t.. Iir pn uliurly uilii| ird f,>r il,.c,,iMiivi. |iiii-| n-cs, iiml la miU'li ill (liniiind I'm- iMiiMiiii;s uinl inoiiiiiiifiils. I,;it^v (jmmtilii's nf |i:iviiij; bliiclvH luv iinw lu'inn |iivp;iri'iiat tliiM|ii:ii'n . In IHS.I thiscumpiiii)' piirciinstMl a larjji' niiil in tlic I'ity of Otttnvii ; it i-, 11 hvo-ainl-ii-hiilf story Imililinf,', niiil covers (III area of j-JoxKln foft. T s sitiiiitinn on llii! Uidvuii Cininl iill'orils easy ami (Iiraii transport hy waio- fpun llnir finarry at Kinnslon. 'i'lic mill hn.sJK'cn tiltfil lip wiili all llic iin st iiiiproM'il in- cliincry. im-liulini,' a uiaiiii turning,' lullii' caiialilo o ' tiiniiiiu' roluiniis, ,S;c'., up to a tiiamcti'r of tiin c fti't and lrlli;l]l of twenty fe. • •, tS\o Jarnv doulilc poli^JiiiiM- iallles; one inarlile- tiirnin;;' lallie ; two M;raiiile-po|i>,|iiiii;' ji'imic's ; one vertii':il polisliinu' maidiine ; (lonliie-iienduliim judisliiiiL;' maeliiiie ; iari'e !;raiiite polisliiii'.r niaeliine witli earriai^e, wiili a, surface ciipacity ol alioiil eii;lity-four Mipertieitil t'i'et ; one liasjn hole ('ntt"r and hnriiVi' niaeliliii' ; Slioftslei've's patent .iraiiLj saw, eiijialde of sawinv; liloeks ideveii feet loin;- iiy nine feet wide, fed li\- one of Sliort- sleove's ailtninalie sand f'Cil nia'diiiies ; riiliiiiiii,' lied elevdi feet in diameter with marble inaeliine ; Sliorisieeve's new patent niarlilo tnoiiMiii;:; nnd eomuer- sitiliin}^ niaeliiiies, I'te. 'I'lie i;r:inile worli for llie new I irpartnental r>ii'ldinij,N at Oitawa, itedmlin;;- 153 nias.sivi* eoliinins. is iieiie^' I'Xi'ciited liy tlii-- eompany. Tlie eoiiipaiiy is also ntilizint;' many Canadian marlijes ami ser|)entines previoiisl}' aiiiiiiown to tile trade. 'I'liese materials are notieed under their respvetive iieails. mi. Forsyth's or Eiirrowlslimd llohai J-'nr.\i/fh, Moidrcul, Q. •I2S. l\'desla!s of oranite. ■i'2^11, Six-iiudi eiiiie ot' :;raniti', diTssed. ■l'2^/>. Small eoliimn ., „ The handsome red granite of Harrow (now called Foisytii's) r>land 1ms lont;' been known (o the (ie.)lot;'ical Survey, and described in dilf'reiit reports, thoiinh it was not ipiarried until about twelve years a;^o, when the property eaine into the possession of Mr. U. Forsyth, of Montreal, who has since worked it on a moderate .scale. The idand is situated in the St. Lawrence. oppoMte.aml about a mile from, the wlla^'o of (iinianoiiue. It has an ap'a of about twenty acres, and the rock in places is about thirty feet above low-water mark. The stone is said to be haribr ihan the red i,n'anito of I'cterln'al ( Scotland), ami takes a very line polish. It consists of bright red felspar, bliiish-f'Tey ipiartz, often slightly opalescent, a small ipiaiilily of ;;rcenish black or black horil- londe, and ,^■enerally a little mica. The facilities for shiiniing avejill that could bo desired, as vessels can load direct ffini the .piarry. Mr. Fur.syth's extensive works are situated in .Montreal.— /.'<'"'.''/'""- IT..11, Q ' '. ' 'InUtlaii, fluU, Q. 174, Hornblende nneiss. This stone is extensively used fi.ir macadamizing in the city of Ottawa. I I >!t i'4,. 12-i MIXKK'ALS OF CANADA. Tlio (lunrry, whioli liiis hciii liiit riciiitl)' upeind, shows a wurkeil face of about liiil ynrds Imin' ami 70 IVot ilccp. ■\Vukrfii'ia, Q., lot 7, range 1 (hvh'i/ical tinrvnj. '1K\. Six-iiK-li I'libi' of i;raiiit(', dressed (pinli). 20<). „ „ „ „ (-i-ey). The.se two specimens are from an extensive mass of granite occurrin"; on the ea; t and west banks of the (Jatineaii Ifh er. No attempt has ^'et been made to (piarry it. but blocks of almost any size might be obtained. — Luurcidiaii . Greenville, Q GiuIii_vcllitl', llr.'S-,i'(l, i?Autiiic. It has licon used fi.r iiiillstriu's, and would pi-ubalily alVord cxci-llcnt material lor piirim.scs nt' ccMistructioii — (.\i>iifiro-Si/iiri(in. Tliu Iiitorcolonial Kailwav , < li'tihiijirnl Surrei/' 4:10. Six-iuch cuhe eif reddish iinrpliyrilie 'j;raiiite. dressed. ■i'Mu. Small Cdluimi of reddish iierphyrilie j;ranite, dressed. 8t. Goorge, X.l? riti;). Ked n'rauite, pulished. Milne, rmiffs^- <'..., Sf. dno-jr, XJi. t.i iSpiion If.lan(l Quarry, St. John Kiver, X.P.. ,./. IT. T'li/Inr, Sf.. /,,!,„, .V.7?. .'illl. (!rey i;-r;niite coliiaiu with pnli,-.lkd I'aeu. 51il((. Post (in ro'.iuh). Kxtensive areas of i^'i-aiiites and sycuiles ol'-.e\cral dill'erent shades of colour iind varieties of texture [' the one— characleri/ed usually by n'rey and darli ii'i'cv colours, contaiiiin'4 ni'ire or less IiornbleMdc. -and not unfrc'|uently nniiiiietie iron ore in di^scniir.;ilcd ;;rains -ha\ iiii;- probably been proiluceil at least as early as the lower Silurian era : while the other — varyini;- in e dour from a pale pink or v:vv\ to a tawny yelc'W or brinht rrd. and usually more or le.>s porphyrili','--;.; [ir.'habl;. ot' P.'Vin'an i\!;-e. I'ocks ot' bdlli ihcsi' t>pes yield piod building- niaterials, but it i- in the hitler that the priiH'ipal (piarries have been opened. Foriiierly ihc L:ny ro 'k only wa> (piarried. briui;- employed vvithin the province f.u- ordinary eon^triii'live [nirpo.^es, but (be introduction of |iroce>scs for polishin.;- sie'h rocks. i,iu-el!;er with the L,n'owin;;- dema\id for bri-ht coloured ufanitcs, similar !■. those of Sc .liaml, caused uttentinn to be dircc'ed to ih>' red v.iriety. Oi' this, extensive areas forniiini- a portion of tlie Nerepis ranpre oMiills, oca'ur iu the county of Charhitte, ami have been wiu'ked in the vicinity ef the town of St. <;corire, on the Ma^anua- davic river. There is here e\ery facility for reiuoviuL; and workin-' the stone, blocks of any si/' up to thirty or forty feet iu len^-th and four or live feet in thickness lieinn' easily obtainable, while the river atV.u'ds at all sea,sons ample means of transport, as well as inexhaustible water power. Works were erected at St. Georj-e abmit tliiucen years ago by the Bay of Fundy Red f Nlfii r% 12G MINEEALS OF CANADA, m Granite Co, Another company (the St. George Rod Granite Co.) arc working in Carleton near St. Jolin, their stone being taken from quarries near St. George, Charlotte county.— Lower Siluiian (?), Devonian. i . Sunbury county, X.B 005. Peilestal of grey granite. .S. /'. Osfjooil, St. John, N.B. S'. /'. Os(jijod, St. John, N.B. Charlotte county, N.B fiOi;. Pedestal of red granite. Birch Cove, Halifax, X.S />'. Forsyth, Montreal, Q. 4:'.2. Six-inch cube of granite, dressc^ 4;)L'((. Small column uf granite, dresi Pt jiieiss. Grcnvillo, (I, lot •'>, range S (feological Survey. 231. Foot cube of coarse-grained gneiss, dressed. Grcnville, (i., lot 1, rang.; o aeoloyiml Survey. 'j.M. Foot cube ol' porphyroid gneiss, dressed. Tlie Laurcntiau gneisses, of which this is one variety, occur in bands of immense thickness, and occupy an area of almost a quarter of a million square miles. They vary nuicli in colour, texture, and iu the relative proportions of tlicir constituents. Hornblende or pyroxene often replace the mica in part or altogether. In some [ilaces they have a well marked foliation, but in others they become massive, and not distinguishal)le from granite or syenite ; but although many of them are well adapted for structural jiurposes, and can be obtained in uniunited ((uautity, their employment is not eiunmon. The Canadian Pacific Uailway used large quantities of Laurentian gneiss for bridges, culverts, etc., or. their line between (.)ttawa and Lake Superior. The dam and reservoir of the (Quebec water-works also, near Jeune Loretle, on the St. Charles river, is built of a grey gneiss, w hieh was obtained in the vicinity. — Laurentian. I Labradoritf Rock. Abcrcroniliic, (j Utoloijkal Survey. t)07. Foot cube of labradorite rock, dressed. M.VRI5LE. 127 Morin, Q., range L' d.uhxjkal Survey. 233 Six-iiK'Ii cubu of Ubruduritii ruck, dressoil. New Glasgow, Torrobouuo county, (.J (leohxjicnl Survey. 270. Six-inch cube of labradoritu mck, drcssi'd. This rock is L'Xtensi\cly dcvolopud in sovonil jiiirts of the Dominion, which are now easily acccssiiilo by means of rcciMitly oonstriictod railways. Numerous larj^v boulders are also scattered over the country iu the vicinity of Grenville, St. Andrews f(j.), and other pl.iee^,. more especially alonj;' the Ottawa and St. Lawrence. In some localities, as f,.r example in the townsiiip of Uawdoa (Q.), the rock is fine grained and foliated, while elsewhere, as in the townships of Abererombie and M.irin, where it forms lari;e mountain masses, it consists of a compact base, composed chielly of labradorite. containing imbedded cleavable masses of the same felspar, sometimes several inches in length, and often exhibiting bi^autifiil opalescent rellectioiis, as well as masses of iron ore, hornblende, etc. The rock has been but little used for building purposes, altliougli its durability certainly recommends it. It is not quite so hard as granite, and takes a tine poli,->li, so that it miglit iu many cases be employed with advantagi; for decorative C(m,Uruction. — Laurentiun. Marble. Mount Mark, near Ilorne Lake, Vaiicouvof Island, 15. C. . , d'eoloyical Surrey. 353. Short column of marble. The crystallini^ limestoni'-. of M'lunt Mark occur in very thick beds, inter- stratilied with diorite. White, do\egrey and blnisii tints an^ the most common, but some varieties contain reddish and greenish bands. A great variety of marbles suitable fVir ornamental [lurposes, tlioiigh in)t line enough for statuary, could be easil}' obtained in lar^^e blocks, entirely free from flaws. Though the limestones are highly crystalline, they are in many places crowded with fossils, among which Mr. lidliiigs has detected corals of the genera Zdji/irctitis and Diiililiihylhiiii, iargi- eriiioidai eolanins, S]ieinuums tA Fi.nos'.t'JJa or Fu/ymurj)/ui, as well as a largo J'ro tuclu:> and a large Spir/jt:i: — C'lrhoiil/cnjUS. I i« Departure' Bay, Xauitimo, B.C 368. Polished slab l^I' bronze-speckled marble. < iijihiijlcul !^uj'fry. This rock forms the base of th • Cretaceous at Departure Bay near Xanaimo, wdiere it rests uneonforuiably on older rocks. It is lllled with organic frag- ments, which appear to consist chielly of stony Poly/oa, !)ut also include species of Echinids and shells. It is too impure to burn for lime. The specimen shown wa.i obtaincil thr-iitgli the kindness of }ilr. .y. Kubins.— Cretactoim. 128 MINERALS OF CANADA. dy BcavorCovcQnarry,V;incouv(.'r Island, B C. .Ilint.J.Iluhson, VIdoriu, Il.C. 107. rolishc'd .slab of variugati'd iii^'rblo. A quarry has been (i]k>iu>(1 at tliis placo witliiii tlirfu quarters of a mile of a good harbour. Large blocks can be obtained aud shipped with facility. — J'riasnic or Carbmiferous. ^VI' Ti'xada Island, Strait of Georgia, B.C Geological Survey. .■>27. Polished slab of grey uiarble with blaek spots and veins. •!6'J. ,, „ greyish-white marble with brownish veins. A (juarry has been worked t > some extent on the shore of Malaspina Strait near the north end of the island. Jlarbles like those exhibited form low cliifs along the shore for several miles. — Triassic or Carboniferous. H i . %: Ecd Eock, Xipigon Bay, Lake Superior, O Oeoloytail Snrrei/. .■J71. Polished specimen of variegated marble. — Nipijonjonnation. ■.-I .(icuhxjicid Survey. Madoc, 0., lot 1, range S ool. Pedestal of limestone. This specimen, although fairly representing the general character of the marble, is rather misleading in not being quite scmnd. It must be remembered that it was taken from near the surface, and that the rock would probably improve both in soundness an 1 colour at u greater deptli. — Laureiitiun. m . (leoliKjicul Survey. Cornwall, 0. ()():>. Polished slab of blacli marble. This rock (X'curs ai the base of the Birdseye and Blaek liiver formation. Tlie beds from whieh the sju'cimen was obtained are about two feet thick, aud are ajipareutly ilie i.nly oius in the formation which are sufficiently pure to be employed as marble. The liii;her beds contain argillaceous patches, which take an inferior i>oli=li, thus rendering the stone until for decorative purposes. — liinlsa/i and IJUwk River formalion, Cambro-Siluiian. !«' Ilorton, O., lot 11, ra:ige 2 fteolvjieal Surrey. :i,"J4. Pulished slab of grey cryst.illine marble. This stone has been largely employed for monuraonts. Blocks from a few inches to scvi ral feet thick can be easily obtained. MAR15LE. 129 Ilorton, O., lot 11, range 2 491. Marble raoniiment. ( I'liiindinu Clrnnitc Cionpaiiy (Lhnitrd), I Uttaini, (>. ^ ' T'lo marbles omployod by this company are eliiodv obtaii.o.l fV,.m Ronfrow and other places near Uttawa on the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Lanark, O., lot 21, range 10 'Uoltj'jiral Surrey. 357. Polished slab of wavy j^rey marble. '^^^^'- » •) banded marble. The limestone found on this lot is from an important bed several thousand feet thick traversing? portions of the counties of Lannrk and Renfrew, and which, at various points, affords banded or wavy marbles, aceordin.^ to tlu direction in winch it is cut. The limestone lias hitherto been used onk for tiie production of l.me, its distance from lines of railway havin.^ prev^te.l its employment as a n\a.vh\i\—L,inrcntinn. Arni^rior, O r- i • i u ■^ lrro/iii/iii(/ .Siirri')/. C09. Polished slab of marble (striped, light and dark txrcy). COU(». Ten-inch cube M O n ,, ,, Near the mouth of the Madawaska, in the townsliip of MeXab, a lar-^e band of crystalline limestone is exp,>sed. The rock contains dark bands, wli'ieh are sometimes narrow and sometimes wide, produeinj;-, where tliere are m; corru- gations in the lajers, a regularly barred or striped pattern. When tlie layers are contorted a pattern something like that of a enrly o-raine;l wood results The colours are various shades of li-ht and dark grey iiitt'i-iningled with white. The dark colours are due to a greater or less amount of"graphit,- which is intimately mix.d with the limestone. The textiuv of the'st.me is somewhat coarse, but it takes a good polish. Considerable .luantities were employed in the decorative work of the Houses of rarliament at Ottawa.— L'lum/l/iiii. Arnprior, O //„,,/ .f Hukri,, Huuultvn, O. 511. Monument of marble (striped, light and dark-grev). Pukenlmm, CLohykal Survey. 6:38. Paper weight of brortii in irljle. — /jV.dv',- liicer /■■nnation, Cuinhro- Silurian. Barrie, O., lot 28, range 9 Otohujkal Survey. 360. Pedestals of pink marblo. 360((. Slab „ I * I.' f 180 MINERALS OF CANADA. I ♦ * '* Barrio, 0., lot 27, range 9 Geohijkal Survey. 301 . Lower pedestal of bluisli white marble. 363. Upper ,. mottled dove coloured marble. 3()2. Upper and lower pedestal of \ arief;ated marble. 887. Slab of blue and white marble, with brown markings. 387a. „ „ mottled marljle, with brown markings. The property is owned by Mr. W. E. Sandford, of Hamilton, O. About twenty-fi\e years ago an attempt was made by Mr. Alexander Cowan to work some of these marbles, but owing to the beds whieh he opened con- tainintf specks of cpiartz and radiating masses of actinolite, the enterprise was not remunerative. In this quarry the white and pink marbles were found sometimes in alternate bed*, but generally with a tendency to graduate into each other. Some of the bluish white marble as well as some of that locally known as "grapluc " marble, is, however, free from the impurities m(;ntioned above, and shQ. Polished slab of marble, spotted green and white. This serpentine limestone is well exposed in an extensive band overlying a white crystalline limestone. Large blocks could be easily ([uarried, and being in close "proximity to the main road, the cost of transport would be small. Ironsides, Hull, Q f'anniJian (Ivniiitt CuinjKDiij {Limited), Otdiwu, 0. 492. rink marble monument. Tiic locality at whicli this remarkable marble occurs is about twelve miles from the city of Ottawa. No (juarry has yet been opened.— Au»/v7i?/(/H. [J- 4^: L'Origiual, O atolocjicxi Sm-nij. (')](. Polished slab of marble, grey with white spots. The bed from wliieh this specimen is taken varies in thickness from three to six inches. It is near the surface, and easily iiuarried. The locality is a (juartor of a mile from the south liank of the Ottawa, foiu- miles west of the village of L'Origin;il. and sixty-four above .Montreal. The white sjiots are caused by the presence of small bivalve shells (Airy pa plena) lllleil with cal- cite. There are twn beds of a darker variety, respectively six inches and oiu' foot in thickness, whieii occur near the surface, and overlie that just men- tioned. — Cliiiii/Jiirniiitinu, Ciiiiihro-Slliirlan. J Hull, Q dcohyjlcal Sunri/. 329. Pedestal of limestone. 32;t(/, Polished slab of „ This peculiarly-naarked limestone is from the quarry of Mr. R. Lester, and MAKHLE 131 blocks of almost any dimensions can he obtained, altiiouyh chert pobbles wliich are occasionally includeil in the rock, to a certain extent interfere with its usefulness as an ornamental sIoik". It has been used chiefly in " rock- faced" work and foundations in tlio city of UUnwd.—Trentoti funnatiun, Vambru-Siluriun. St. Hyacintlic, Q 593. Foot cube of limestone. (Iniii'l Trniih Railway, GronviUo, Q Geuhjkal Harvey. (H 1. Polished slab of yellow, ;,'ir.i.n, and white marble. CI la- ,) ., gi'een and white marl)l('. 6116. ,. „ clouded firiMii and white marble, *'!•''• » ), pinkish wliite f.iul green marble. ^i\ 1 St. Andre Aveliu, Q rit:uh>,jkal Survey. ;57(1. Polished slab of g-reen and white marble. Avigmontation of Gronvillo, Q., lot 1, range 1 Urohyiad Survey. ;3,j5. Polished slab of spotted ,!;ri'eii and ujiito murijie. In the township of GrouvilK' and in its AiiL;'incntatiun a hand of crystalline limestone, containini;- l'2(r.,Hin Oruadciisi: is extensively developed, and atTords in many places a [lecuHar variety of marble, liavin.i; a Mliite j^Tound marked with small green spots and strings ut' serpentine, wliich occasionally form angular nnxsses several inidies in diameter. The serpentine usually runs in bands marking the foliation of the rocii. Thes<> bands, as in th'' ca.-.e of the Arnprior niiirlde, are sometimes sti'aiglit. and at otiier limes corrugated. giving divcrsitie> oliiattern. Instead of being green, the ser]ieniine is ^o■,nelimes sulphur-vellow, as in the s])ecimcn from GreiiviJie. In many j)ans of' the country, the Laurcntian limestones are tiderably free from foreign minerals, and form white marbles. These, however, are usually t("> edarse-graiii.'d for statuary purposes, and sometimes, as in the case of that oc^urrin,' iu the township of Kl/evir, they are barred with slightly dilt'erent ddnars. Many years ago. a niill for cutting and polishing marlde was cu-eeteil mi tie' <'.ilu:jiet, on lut I'.), range '■',, dT (irenville, but the demand I'nv the iiiavliie was ii.^t sufli(,'ieut I" malic the enterprise profitable. — Laurenl/aii. Cauglinawaga, Q frcoloyiad Survey. G12. Paiier weight of marble, grey with red sp(ns. Grey marbles, with red spots (generally corals), ooeur behind the city of ilontrcal, and on Isle Bizard, in the same formation as the rock from Caugh- I 'I'll 132 MINERALS OF CANADA. nawajia. In nil thoso lucalitii's tho mck is filli'd with fcssils, which aru plainly seen on the polished suriawA,~C/i(i~i/form(itio)i, Cdinlini-SUm-lan. RH I. ■ w St. I.in, Q (ncloi/ical Hurveij. CI:!. Kcd nniihle, polishfd sliib. At St. Lin, nbiitit thirty miles from ]\riintreiil, there are ninssive beds of limestone, portions of which are of a red eolonr, and atf.ird a njood marble. — CIki'h jhnnatiun, Caiiihio-Silurian, i^ Terrcbonnp, Q Juimt Wvi-thhiijlon if' ''"., Moidraal, Q. i)7l. Piilishcd slab of j;rov marble. Montreal, Q fluilvjica! ,'^iirtri/. 373. Polished slab of ^rey marble. This marble is obtained from a bed in the Trenton, and from another in the C'hazy formation. It is not in f;reat demand at present, thonjjh it has sometimes been used for raantel-pii/ees and table tops, — Trenton ami (.'hazi/ furinalioiis, Cuiiiljro-,''^i/uri(in, St. Dominique, Q Gvnltii/icul Siirvi'i/. '!14. Paper weinht of marble, dove-^rey, with white spots. The marble of St. Dominitjno is easily cut, and takes a <;ood polish. It seems surprising' that, beiiif;- situated so near Montreal, it has not been used in that city. — Chazy Jurmutinii, Cainhru-i^ilurian. GeoJiKjical yiamij. St. AnuaTid, Q 015. Pajier weight of white marble. This marble occurs in preat aljundance in the immediate vicinity of Philipsburg, on Lake Champhiin. It is easily cut and takes a good polish. St. Armand, Q 41)4. Polished slab of black marble. Oeoh)(/lcal Surety. A black marble, like the specimen, is found about a mile and a half south- east of Philipsburg-. The beds dip to the eastward at an angle of about twelve degrees. On on(> of them, which has a considerable thickness, a quarry was many years ago opened. The stone was exported to the United States, and was much esteemed in New York ; but the opening of the black marble MAEMLH. 133 qimrrius ut Glen's Fulls, wIuto iIhtl' is jrond wuUt powiT, iiiterfcrud with the demand, und cuusud tiiu onterpriso to hu ubunduncd. Duclswdl, (.1, lot 22, TimgL' 7 (hoh^jkal Unrviij. GKi. Polished slab of marble, cream white, slciped wiih yellow. It is possible that good inarMe nii,i,'iit l)e obtained from these liinostones. The yellow streaks are composed of dolomite, while the lij^ht f,n'i'i">V/«;7'(ni . St. Joseph, Beatico, Q (.Itnlmjlml Sttririj, filf^. Polished slab of red marble veined with white. 21. Paper weight of drab marble. . . . .(icohitjiail Surutij. A drab-coloured marble occurs in large quantity ou this island, and there are facilities for loading small vessels. It can be cut easily, and takes a uniform polish.— Ch'i:i//ormatiun, Cumbro-iiilurum. I i„ 134 MINF.KALS OF CANADA. i Chiirloton roint. Island of Anticosti, Q ;i8S. I'lipcr wi'ij;lit iif spdttcd ilriil) miii'l)lo. . I leulogiriil Siirvri/, The tossilit'crous linu'stoiu's, which aro largely dcvclupctl cm this island, are susceptible of ii good polish. .♦% yi' H-- !^>^ . Marl)lo JVIonnfain, Capo ( 7>. }frL(tiiijh!hi, Schnhenacmlie, Jlanls '['uiintij, Breton, N.S. [ X,S. 472. Marble. Ca])(' Breton, N.S '/overmncnt of Kova Scuti'a, 481, Marble, polished specimen. Sorpcntlnos. Burgoss.O,, lot -2, range 8 ;olo(j!cal Survetj. liiO. Two six-inch cnbos of serpentine, dressed. Beds (if this serpentine, abnut 100 feet thick, are exposed on the roiid to Pointe lui C'hi'iu' station, and an attempt was made some iniie ago to ntilize the mineral for llre-prcjof paint ; loO tons were shipped to the United ytutos fur this purpose, — Laiirc-ntiaii. Orfortl, (i., lot 0, r;i,ngo l;> 27. I'iiiier weight of .-ieri:ie:itine, yelluwi.sli green. Molbourno, (I., lot -'2, rungu (i h'l'olnijicitl Snyri ,j. 028. Paper woight of dark green serpentine, witli ligiit greon spots. South Ham, Q., lot "Jl , range '2 (i'i,l,ii/iniJ Siiri'ci/. 02',). Paper weight df dark groen surpiMitinc The speeiniens from Orfoi'd, Mciijoiirne, and Soutli Ham were taken from a baiul of si-rpeniine wliich h;is lii'eii Iraei'd on tlie south side ot' tiu' St. Lawreuee from Potton to L'runixmnie, a distaneu of l-in miles, In forty mih.'S uf this distanee it is ropi'iited twice iiy ini(hdati(ins, giving an adilitioiial ei',;hty miles to its onterop. It is again n^eoguizcd 2.")0 mile; farllii"- to tlic north-cast at Mt, Albert, in tile Shiekshoek Mountains, and about seventy miles beyond this, at Mt. Seriicntinc near Gaspc Hay. Ail tlie sjjceinu'ns of these rocks whieh have been analy/.i''oh>;jicnl Snrr,'i/. 0:!M. Paper weight of >crpenlii:e, brown spotted with black. 03l'((. •, •! >i " " f ■ 3 Tcmplcton, Q ^''"'^' i/'''-«? Sarvei/. 3S0. Pedestals of light green niottleil serpentine, polished. 3s0(f. Two polished slabs of light green mottled serpentine. From a band of limestone nccurring in this township which in many places contains masses of a light-coloured transhieeiit terpentine. These are at i.'{(; MINKUAL8 or CANADA. w present huh)'^ (luarriiMl and siiwn into slubs by tho Conutlu Oruiiito Company (liiniitcil), (Mtiiwji.- I.iviniitian, Tompleton, Q f'KnaiU^in O'naiitt ( '<*. ( [.imlt'^l J, (Hlauia, O. •I'.il!. ^oi'puiitino monument. ., (t. .. h. .. c. .. . L'"(!. lldofin^j; sliiti' (various sues). 27(ia, Sliiti' llat,'.st()ni'. All attempt wav. inido smnn youiM iio;(i to work a l)aiul u1 .slato which is cx- posutl over u hirj,'t> nroa in this tcnviisiiip, Init altli(iiif,'h tin- floava^jo phiufs arc tulurably smoolii, they are oiitaiiicd witli siome little diifieulty. Iloarth- stnnoH, planed slabs ami shelvini;', huwever, oan readily he 'ilitaini'd. Opera- tions were suspended at this (piarry owiiij; to the want of [iroper uiaiHiinery. — Lmireutian, Rankin Tlill Slato Quarry, Aoton, (j.. ) ,, , . , ., lot 2.-., range .» ) O^nloj„:al Sort'i-j. 75. Red slates. This ipiarry is situated almut four miles east uf .Vetoiivale Station, on the Grand Trunk Railway. Most of rlie slate is red, tlie green oeeurring in lari^e patches, haviuf^ no relation to the heddini; or tlu^ cleavage. The rock is easily (piarried, and the iiuurry has the advanta;^(; of beint; near the Railway. It is used fur ornamental work in slato roofinir. Thouj^h imperfeetly repn«senteil Iti the present eollectio', very extensive deposits ot excellent slate oeein- in the district south of Alontroal, generally known as the Eastern Townships. Several quarries have been opened and worked, and the supply is only limited by the demand. I Molbourno, Q., lot •_'•), raii'^v) .Viio linrkhtwl Slate Co., Muntv^d, Q. GI52. Two lirge slate blackboards. „ a. ,. „ slabs. „ h. Stationary slate wash tubs (two sizes). ,, c. Slate sink. „ (/. Roofing slate (several sizes). „ e. Large sp"'''.ieiis of rough slate, FlaiTstones. Dudswell, Q., lot l'*, range o 'icvhxjicul Harveij. 67. Flagstone (lime- *une). At this (piarry the beds hav e been worked to a depth of about twenty-five 138 MINERALS OF CANADA. t'uot, and are found to bo admirably adapted for liaising purposes. The flags may be obtained of any thickness from two to eiglit inches. They are all used in Montreal. I Coininon Lime. w Saiinich, near Victoria, B.C. . .Jvs, Wriijijhsworth, Victoria^ B.C. i;?. Limestone. 54lirt. Lime. The lime made from this stone is used to some extent in Victoria, B.C. Colborno, 0., lot 1, range 1 Thomas Good, Colborne, 0. .102. Limestone. .")()2(/. Lime. A bluish fossilil'iTous limestone, extensively developed on the Maitland Kiver. The lime is producfd at the rate of 1(»,(I0() bushels a year, and sells at 20 to 2.") cents per bushel, or in larger lots at It! cents per bushel. Winchester, 0., lot J, range o . , /). A. Summers, Winchester, 0. .'ild. Limestone. ;U(ia. Lime. L'hu' has been burned at this kiln for the last thirty-six years. The annual proiluelion is about 1 1,000 bushels. It is retailed at the kiln at 20 cents per bushel. i4 if ' * • MarlLank, Hastings county, 0., ) lot 00, range 3 j rrr.]. Lime. . . ir. h'. allien (t Sons, MarlhanJc, 0, About .3,000 bushels of lime annually are made. It is sold at 18 cents per bushel. Lanark, 0., lot 21 , range 10 '/. lloijfj, Almonte, 0. 108. Limestone. 1C8(/. Lime. A boautiful banded grey and white crystalline limestone. The lime is employed only for local use, and sells at 2.") cents per bushel. — Laurentiaii, LIMESTONE. 139 Eamsay, O Tohn PkuI, Puimsatj, 0. 332. Limestone. 332a. Lime. A white crystiillinc limestone. About 2,(X)(> bushels of lime an.' made annually. The iirice at the kiln is from 20 to 30 cents per buslu^.— Lawentian Eoss, 0., lot 21, range 1 P. Fvr'jiisivi, I/a/ij's Stution, Roifrew, 0. 167. Limestone. U)7a. Lime. A grey crystalline limosiono exposed for a ihieknoss of eighteen feet. The lime is used in the locality, and selU at 20 cents per luishel. — L'luraitiau. ft McNab, O., lot 7, range l.'J Win, Buhrr, Anipriar, Ptfii/rcii', 0, ]"(). Limestone. 170(«. Lime. A banded ciystalline limestone. Tiie lime sells at 2") cents per bushel. — L,rv„ cLni. The Krie clay is sometimes found in beds as much as sixty f.'et thick, whihMbe 8aii-ecn clays are in thinner deposits. B(,tli ol them cimtain a considerable (luantiO' of carbonate of lime. The white bricks command a hi-lier price than the red, and a lade in large (piantities in a number of places between Bmckvill..- on the east, and Lake Huron on the west. In that part of Ontario between the St. Lawrence and Ottawa, as well as in the province of Quebec, bricks are usually made from a truly marine clay overlying the b.)id.lur clay, and geologically known as the Leda clay, and are always of a red colour. In New Brunswick and Nnva Scotin elays representing the Leda clay ;ire employed, and at a distance from the coast, clays, also ..f glacial age, but not clearly marine, are also used. In I'rince Kdward Island Triassi.' or L'ppor Carboniferous clays, and modern alluvial deposits firmed from these rocks are employed. These are red both before and after baking. In Manitoba the niati'rials hitherto employed in bric'^-making are silts and silty clays, the deposits of a great lake which occupied the Ked Jliver valley towards tho close of tlu' glacial period. Tiiese produce cream-col, iinvil bricks. In the North-west Territory clays of the glacial age are oftmi availaljle, but in addition to these the friable deposits of the Liramie and Cretaceous for- mations are capable of affording a great variety of clays and silts applicable, not only to ordinary brick-nuiking, but also t^-> the manufacture of lire-bricks and tiles of superior >|uality, as well as . '' ordinary earthenware. The fivipiont association of these clays with lignites and coals will render them in future particularly valuable. In British Columbia materials, like the last-mentioned, are often abundant, but the clays so far used (chieily in the vicinity of Victoria, New Westminster and Nanaimo) are those overlying the boulder-clay, and which produce red bricks (jf fair (piilit}', Tho bricks oxhibiteii are chiefly IVoni the province of Ontario. F.r con- venience ct reference, they an' arranged in the annexed table by counties. I 'Hi' 'It :' ?«.* N l^ M m. / I:' 142 MINERALS OF CANADA. W iJ I '^ I— c3 • rt h— £ r^ ^ o p ;^ fe Q -V- ,— -'^, i^ ^ ^ <'-" "^ rt . C c — — £i' =i * c ^-. >■, rf ■ • • ■ _'■ ' "— ^ * ; * ; J '^^ ■*" 3 J \ • S. O" c" • o ^-^ +- C - o »* o 2 C3 ^, cb ■* f— 1 c? C>1 c ^ ^ -^ ^ -^ -- o o 1* .^ _^ ri »^ It o o ST^ ^^iff^tfifH ■ff : 3// Tfjr '^1! ' a/r • • : : - - I T' ^a c3 ^ ^ 'rS : in ^ ' : c _o 'rt d , u a en 5 c a : a .s 'a .a =1 .3 ^ c a >< X o to 2 c a ■♦-» J3 .S 1 1.^ 2 o -♦J o o' e . .-. 3 V. * ■ .s o A *^ *T s _ ' a t-H • P3 a 1— o --' a o 1-; 5 a — > 3 1 OS o >,'5 a X p 5 o r^ * 1 t'.tS ^ > .9 •' C3 i » '2 3 Cm C 5- 3:^ f^ ^ V^'r^ § vf 3<{ c^ 1^ feH O i d3 xPmh ~o 5 x ""^ C ■^ >sj 1" e "^^ ■^ ^ r >* H :^' . * r! C *C "*-' "S ^-' e ■^ 'r. Ji ' "" " !^, ^ • '■ " P r-i' ;:; •■ 1— 1 ' ■^ " " o«^ 6 '< C ^ c ■*; ^ Rh >>Q ^ 'm o a ti a bo o a^ rt o h a d o o a a) 2 2 o M g c o © p. .i: H ■ ■ r:; ■ o i. — " t - -J -f ^ u a ~ f-i :'3.S - rt -TS ^ O ' ^' : 5 .■ a '^ • "T a - ^ O rt :?'2 ,= ^-=1 == OHH ," i' S -o SI 1- ri M r r - 7\ ?HSW.. CLAY AND BRICKS. 143 >», ^ a d i -^ ■- ^ ~ = ^ 2 o V2 r^ a o CO d o tc H o O s Q • o O o o cT o r ■-< c; •- M ^1 Tl i» ;■; — I C i/> '/> :/> ■■U ./; ./^ tC ^ '" a • r^ ._ ■ r^ ■ s '. : -^ : : — — 5 "2^ ^ a a p u '+2 c ;'3.H i ; I ^■ ■ s. ;: ^ ■TS^ 3 r— r^ - Zii 'S-I'f s = ^' : 5 « .a ' : i • -^ ' .' 1 '.£ ^• '.= ^, 2 c C" Or; >. -^^ ^ s o" ^' s « ^ "iL: - Mrs;; K? 7. r < ^ 5=^ 7 -^ -_ r-. 3 s-^ §■= s a fci c ^ c g ;: K c5 '- "^ c c o "S "i "z '■* S- 5 S ' ; CJ o 'o^ c ^ o n3 o S :^-p ' •- y. • . s . : 3 . a S.'? : • »^ :j • ' o • c O -M O '^ k> ^2 f o .J O .9 o 3 OF Lixc , ()., lot _. S -i C c x A^ -JO i H 2 = e ■^ '^ ri •i* I— 1 r-i S * '^ o^ c o u u -a 55 1^ 3 It o 2 - i? • ■ X ■ ■ S o c 9 2r — 5"5 « 00 ri '-■; -f ~, c c ^ a 3 3 -a o =: 5 = T r T r ^' '.~ '? y.- ■?> 7)= ri q mm mmurn ^tmmmr CLAY AND UUICK.S. 145 3 -£ /<: i: » = s 'u d 3 a a 3= 3 '" Cl is O "3 7-1 3 ..^ 7 *^ O O 2 O ■s o ■n o ■73 2*3 It o 1-5 o o o 5 c c p ^ -5 a to '.^ .HP TS a> h - "3 '•n a 73 a — 1 V3 -:' '-s ^a > O Sh S a o I o a I c 4^ O 'f-I O "V :; t^ c *" •" ? rt ^ u r ■"" t«-i ■:^ C s zt ■/: ^ n v. c z; Tr o ■*- n ;:] js :r. i_ c J 2 .; '> t*-« <^ X *J a o 7; ^ »y o ■r. e. -c M 3 ci »■ -1; © ^.2 -.2 ■* o M = 5 5 r s a '■ H r-, ■^-^ ^ c - -- o => -- o — ~ ;^ ■V o o ~ O r ^^ —^ » — ' coo ~ ~ ^ 500 r ,-:. = 5 'o 'o s *-». ^^^ 00 d : ; ■■■£ • '^ >t C4 t- P>^ s s . . c c "r- 7> /;■: /> = 00 p . .99 ■ • i = -P~~ .t:; f f 2 "'- 2 : i : : : • 5 ■f. ''■/.•", 7/., rC^ Ct ^ 1 ^ CT ca "■^ ■r. I ~ 1^ X — — ^ — " l^ - ^ - M^ V - ^ f " ■ T. '^ ^ - -■ •^ -iii Q > ^ = . 1 a i /. r - t. - ^ = J : 1. .5 1 g p 3^ : ? e C» .1 ^ 0?. iK 1 ~ ^ c ^ Si . -■ s '^ 04, u ■7 - 'J A > -a ■^ ^ H H d ^ •t- K 1-10 MINEIJALS OF CANADA. ~ c u = 1* > 71 -I' r~- ■♦-' c; '■J 2i - 2 rt ^ g ■ 3 -a -3 "' a 5 ^ « H » -2 •- a -M iJ S B a; \\ '^ • »•• OO -5 "^ a a o a o '-5 ■f 3 o -3 o #1 S S zn w ^'h • o CO -I 1/2 3S2 i © C IM m >(J • o ■ •© 3> o 9 X ly l/ e -5 ' ^_ ^ w , - B C a *; W^' " '^- '" .- »j 2, ,- C". . *■ '. w s : ^ • y,^-:. - «=5 B B %11 X S-i"-^ .^ ^ ~ • a . >^ — ri ^^;~ - ^. 'S . -<^ , r . ^ H * -* il S M (5 o cc t : 5^ ' CJ O o ?.5 9 d •2 < - f-' *- S y. o a . '^ a c — V ■A i£o'1 ^ _c3 cj §,« uS g H B O o o I— t ■M a^ ;; =q (3 • . f^ tl :§ -^' ^1 "^ § " ■ O — .H ^ £ >- f: u p o .a • a -M tJ rt C » ^ a) 5 ■« O o •3 a P! M ■ OS - ^ mm CLAY AND JiKICKS. 147 X -♦' •3 a a o 7. 1-^ ■M o a rt a n> o ^' '— « r> o ^ rs O ^ _^ 3 5 c' u-i ^ O u n ■*j rr. o "3 a « j= K c '"'.eg? a = ^ -2 _• a H-^ i u a ' ? "' 2 2 "S ? Z- -• a j: "c «> 2 ^ = ? a rt cs -^ o ~ a '3 1) r ^ ' a s X s o a o c H n u < e a; o o 1^ -5 13 1 3 ^ r? •J •'^ >^5 3 a o ;^ W i g 09 ;i-J~- o ■ Xi © I— t iff -I; i -,^ ^ I- - . 3 '^ I— I '■J ■^ 1 . a ... . 1) o • rt 7^ -fj ■~ a I=! f3 ^ c ct ^ - ^ rt t^ : c — ' : ■4-3 ;:3 5^ o ^ - ^~^ o -O d '■^ o* OH fc ^o i-'o ® o ^ ■^ . c 5> .■^ ^, ^ •> .-5 H 2.-t ^ ri ■i: -h' " i-H E§^ fe'^ 5 -M 3 :^ &■■':_ 1 i^h 'i:- W-l '*' , h j*.* r^' / - ^ ii 'i I 148 iMINKKALS or CANADA. ^'-' fe ^ ^■'2. *> ,•■ — o 3 i? ■': O c a o (^ J2 ci^ ■'■ ^ fl ca B v o C a - "2 c ^ ?, «•«.=; a o ^. Vi X a -3 a •S " -M c -^ ^ 5 — ;.< i. n o ^ V ,^ ^ -^ ^ — '7 > "' T" --, '• ' u _' r - 1 C'AB-Z.'t. C 5 . ■« -• 5 'J rf - — C3 >> 2 a •3 C5 ^ w I s I Pi3 1—1 M •c- ■/.! i/) .'/; V- :j r: a B5 c i; .C -^ - != i- -• ►J . KC>.2 : a ■ og; c ■ 1 r. M i ^ S 7. i « ^ a- ^R!*! y. t z; a D.^ ^ ii- ■■;r 5 c ■^ ' u ■ ^ •— : ^y r^ '— •" CI . ,• ^ • .™ f • * o J ^ t- ^ - • C3 \ \t "^ ;i V ~ • a « --* = 'r^ 1 >," G ^ i^ ~ '<' 1>. 2 — " .'- ,— 1 ^ [I. o Or'. ,^ r"* r— r"* ■»- '■"^ w -^ * ^ >• ^ . t; "C -w "^ '*.' *• vT' .* ^ Ci r^ r r p r ''- 5 Lj .^ : V o-t, a ' r. >-i 3 "^ fS i '■' -r :3 O X -< - '^ ^ 3: I I. t. r r n: s ^- -/~ t'u •« -^ &t «p CLAY AND IJlilClW. 141) -- -r Y 3 — >H ■^ — 5^ ^^lis^oHt. — « -r* - '-' r* jr - -1 1; 5 a i - J. 7\ r. - rr ■=■ *3 ^ * :5 a i = •- 'J o r , _. . , . r', <; X tL (A 3 o' i J 2 k«* .y ^ ■^ ■y '•J '~l ^ "— t ' —* 1 ,a a « H »^ J -^ ■J ■1' • 1 5 ;yj i-< — ■ — "~~ """ — — — _^ /73 ,7-. >i //." / r; • ' d rzj . '^ -^ ■ * ^ ; ; ; > \ I ! ' i ?3 ;m H Q fe -.- -*- 2 . . .!! - :::! "m ■P*-^ • 5 »* 1^ ■ = ^ ■ 2 5" • c 5 ^ z: ^ — C C' — ^ — ^ ^^ >//> "7= '«: : : : -/. 1-5 -v> "fl : -i -i fi • iff '- ' -~ . ■ .- ■ . -- ' ■-^. ' . 5 u £ ' ' ? ' ' * 1.' '-^ *— U '"' • .2 : ■?: : : : i-ii ~ - _ -^ p ^ r /a! ; . -is! . H "^ ■'■ r-i - : -a •J a : : '^-=^1 f ■_> ■"■ i II t5 X .' 2 tJ . 3 5 a '5 •--TO'" J-, _2 _a 'S ^1 J i •^^^ .2 ■I. p 3 1 n 3 U 01 > 4 ^ '2 III J3 a e S "i ? & c ^ i~ 'J : , ^ I— 1 g^^' _<-•- ^'w '-•O, - f^ ^ ~.^ii r- ■^ •■ r" >^ " r^ C ^ r*^ H •A i 2^ "^ " ^ Eh ^ -^C '' ^ 5r. 5 , ;1^ ^ . Lartr,. bl,,(.i;s ,,f pure prapliite, taken from pits. „ '■. Specimens of pure graphite from fifteen different veins, contains ninety-seven per cent, of carbt)n. .. '/. Prepared slocks of tiic followinj,' grades : — Fur elect rotypinj,' and pencils. „ lubricating and pencils. " !' paints, powder, shot, etc. „ crucibles, lubricating, etc. •' " !• stove polish, etc. ,, Foundry facings, castings, etc. „ e. Pencil leads. ,. /. Specimens of pencils in different stages of manufacture. „ 'J. Collection of pencils, including lumber pencils ;" universal, carpenters' ; round black, round felt, and black and satin finish round English .Irawing ; hexagon gilt; maroon and satin linish standard hexagon, natural polish ; phonographic (three grades), specially prei.ared for reporters. (Diploma and gold medal awarded nt Paris for collection.) „ h. Colle.tiuM „f crucibles f,.r steel and other metals, covers, nozzles, stoppers, etc. The crucibles have numbers representing their (ii.'Ai'iirri;. l.")l ciiimcity ttimi].! il mi (lir \u,\U,m nf t'lieli. Thi' Mvv\ criicililus ivprcMiit iiti.iiii i«n jiniiiitl^ In caili niiiiibtT. JJruHs and utlicr crui:il)li's t'l'.iiM llirtc to ti\(. )ioiinili ouch niiriibcr ; thus, No. 60 rt'pn'sciils II criicilili' iu \\]i'\<'\\ mny lie iin-licd uboul ITio lbs. of brass. ISO lbs. of silver, iiini L'.'jd liis. of gold. 372/'. Stovi' iiiid f^riiti' jiolish. Tbi' mines und works urc siiiiai.'l m the lowiishiii of liiii'kiiifihiim, Ottiuviv e'liunly, proviiiuo of (iiicbw 'I'licy urrr r..rmfrly owiii'd by " 'i he Doiiiinioii of Camidu I'lumbaKo Co.," Imi mv now the sole property of Mr. \\'"'kcr. Till' country is here well timbered uiwl uitered, and tiic facilities for nuninf; are unsurpassed. The mines me lui iii\-fi,ur miles from Ottawa, four miles from railway communieiilioii, tiiul ii^lit miles frem .vater communication. The fj;riiphite is found boili in beib ami veins, tlie principal veins, so fur as is known, being on lot twenty-one in ilie m \eiiili range, while the most iinport- unt beds are on lot twenty in the ciLjIiib riiiij;c. Some idea of the si/.e of the masses td'iilumiiiigo wliieli enii Im' nbtained miiy be formed from the fact that one of tiie speeiiiieiis e\liilii|.il Weighs 4,S7l> lbs, Operations are at present suspended.— Ai/u/t/i^Voi. Huckiiigham, (i. fiS. Graphite. Crtiil()f)ir((l Sam I/, Gronvilk', Q., lot 1(», raiiyo o fJeolnqiail Snrvfi/. 2G0. Grapliite. On this lot live beds or veins nf inmi' nr less juire graphite occur in iv belt from five to eiyht feet wide ; tin y are iVmu five to twenty-two inches thick, and ure enclosed in a ^aie^ies frnm which tho graphite nniy be readily separated. This gaiii;iie eoiisisls of pyroxene, wnllastonite, felspar, and ipiart/, with smaller iiiiuntilies ef >|iliei'.c. |ililoniipite, /ircon, garnet, and iducrase. The country-rock is uliiie eivsiailine limestone. 'I'lu' ileposit has been opened for sixty feet of In course |o a dejitli of thirty feet, and some of the grapliite has been exported. Ii is said that it yielded thirty-four pounds of shipping " ore" for every cubic f^ot excavated. It was estimated that some of tie ljl<>cliii. St. John, N.13 ^. >'. Mu,j. ~^-''- ., pencils. Lur^o slal.s of i„ , . ^ ,'? ^^/''"^nd These are wholesale p.-i es. Pottdn, Q., lot W!, iviiir^o .-, Oeoloyia,/ Siinr •'?/• -H.siu., soMu. i,„..s ...,:;:,; :^'."'^'''''' ^^■•"' -Tcntine, dolomite, or ,....•. /'^v-r,,,/,,,,.. ' "^ '=* "'ter.st.-at,fk..l with potstone a, and ddjoaiite.-- 13olton, (i '-■!. .Soapsiniic. (k-nl. 'iitjicai Surnij. P<'tstoiK- (C'oiniiact ('111,, rite; Is ' ll / Ifi ^{^ilton. (i, l,,t _";, m„o.( "■ I'"ist,.„,, ,!iv,s,.,i. ""• ■'■'"•"'■'' '■^"•'l>^•>•'•i^,.,•nf,,olsto„o (;n.atthi,.k„....... „r,h, slrata.mderlyin.M . be nnici, .-naler. Micf ica. l-2() Miles Xorth-Eust <,f Clinton, li.C .!. ]V. Fr^hr, t.'//./„., n.C otl. ^lica, cut to \arioiis si/.es. A large deposit of mica is said to ,,ccin- at liiis locality. The cimens exhibited, havin,!,- been obtained i\ 1 ihe surfae.', are somewhat weailiered. ^fiigncsia mica or phh.u-opite occurs ahmuliintly i'l small scah's. and some- times in crystals .siillicienlly lar-e to be ..f .ron..niic iim .itancc in the crystalline limestones of the Lmiiviiiiaii system. These '-vncrallv occur niterstratificd with or near bauds ,.f ,|„art/.ite. or of ]ivroN(nie Liieiss, and Usually contain a number of mineral species. Amoii- iIhm.. i„ addili, . to (luarl/., pyr.,xone, and felspar, the species loyanile. wolhisioniie. apatit.'. sphene, iron pyrites, idoerase, naniel, tounnaline. /.iivon, ete., ,,e,Msi.,naliy occur, and sometimes ciun-iilii(ii. Villcnouvc, (i., l„t,s ;i() and .M, r;ni"'e \\\ A. Alhu,, l)!l,l.r,i. It :\i lea miiscox !»■ S/«. eiil and dresseil (s(>veral sizes! T fere I lis mica (leciii's in a coarse peomutiie \.'in. which cuts a i;;revisli "-arneti- ous gneiss. The vein is compoM'd of (jnai-,/. (white and brownish), mica. orihoclase or microeline, and oeeasionally -aniel ami blac'.- tourmaline. The 154 MINERALS OF CANADA. ^ property is now held by the ISritish ami Canadian Mica and Mining Com- pany— L. II. Sliirley, Esq., Buekingham, Q., Managing Director. (See No. 300.) — Laurent iav. K Mica Hill, near Neils Harbour, ) A . 0. Ross, North Sydney, Cape Breton, Cape Breton, N.S ( N.S. 481. Mica. Cape North, N.S. W. Cvi>ehuu1, North Sydney, Cape Bretm, N.S. 29'.». Mica. North Shore of Hudson Strait, N.E.T Ocolo(jicaI Survey. r,2C,. Mica. Mica, like that exhibited, appears to be abundant on the north shore ol Hudson's Strait in the neighbourhood of the Upper Savage Islands. The Eskimo carry specimens of it to any stranger who may visit that region, and it is said that nuantitios of it have been taken to New England by American whalers. All the specimens seen by the officers of the Geological Survey were of a pale brown or amber colour. It resists the heat well, and is admir- ably adapted for stove windows. From what could be learned it probably occurs in veins of coarse granite which cut the gneiss of that region, — Lnurtnlian. Asbestus (Fibrous Ser[)entine, Cluysotile. ) i Serpentines occur in the province of Quebec at many points in the belt of the so-called '• altered Quebec group" (I're-Cambrian) through a range of over 120 miles in length. Tlie character of the rock varies considerably, being in some places apparenily, as yet, in a transition stage between the original rock, from which it is deri\ ed, and a true serpentine, having still nlmost the hardness of felspar, while it has the general aspect and colour of the serpentine, which varies from light gre\- to dark green. Although asbestus is found at nearly every place where true serpentine occurs, its profitable extraction is as yet confined to three or four districts, among which are the townships of Thetford, Coleraiue, and Danville. Considerable exploratory work which bids fair to give profitable results lias also been done at Belmina, in the county of Wolfe, and in the vicinity ol' Brompton Lake, where largo areas of serpentine occur. The mines at Thetford have so far disclosed the largest veins, which are sometimes nearly seven inches thick. Tho ' rger ^•eins do not yield fibre of such fine ijuality as the smaller ones. J" .client rollon is however, obtained, as much as four and five inches in length. The veins are very irregular in character and distribution, a small vein at thi' surface often developing into a large one a short distance down. Large masses of dioritic rock liaving the aspect of dykes are found in most of the quarries, and may possibly represent ASliESTUS. 155 portions of the ori^^inal rock not, yet altered to serpentine. Tliough of comparatively recent date, asbestus minin;;' bids fair to become one of the most important and remunerative industries of the province of Quebec, Danville, Riclimona. Q H'. //• Mf'-^U^ Danuill, Richmmd, Q. 131. Asbestus (clirysotile). Jvhnson it . Q"^^^^- Q J of Canada, QiulJ, Q. 483. Asbestus, crude. ,, powdered. „ carded. „ rope and wick. „ mill-board. This company has just fitted up a \ery large and complete factory at Quebec with the most improved machinery for the manufacture of asbestus goods. „, , , , „ ( Annln-Cnnadinn Ashalus ('u. {Limited), Montreeil, Q. Thctford, Q I i^^^^^f^^^^ ,jjj.^^,^^ ^^^^ ^,,„,„„, ^v,Y,,,^ (/?. //, j,„a-,, S,e.) Crude Asbestus iVom Kureka and Emelie mines in llie township of Thetford, Q. 489, Asbestus, crushed and carded (special iiuality), (N-,.., 1. quality). „ powder foi manufacture of paints, etc. „ engine packing. „ wick or valve packinc!. ,, yarn— single to six ply. ,, cloth. ,, niill-ijoard, „ niutuUic joints. „ casket or llange joints. „ and india-rubber joints. woven tape, sheeting. i Thetford, Q, Kiiiij Bios., Qntlec, Q. 124. Asbestus (chrysotileX I M 156 MINERALS OF CANADA. m, .;< -1 ^ 1 i o- - f Boston Ashfstux Paclimj Cv., Thd/ord Tlictford, Q., lot '2,, rango o | Mi, an, Q. 197. Asbostiis (ehrysotilc). 2SC. „ (picrolitc). This deposit, first opened in 1878, has since been continuously worked, and has produced itp to date about 2,000 tons of asbcstus. (See No. 12'.».) Thott'oi'd, Q., lot -II, range 5 Fnnrid- hikJ Srlntcr, Mvutratl, Q. iL'lt. Asbtstus, crude and nianul'uctured. Tlieso specinuMis are manufactured by the Boston Asbestus Paekius Co., I'riini ihe asbestus mined on lot 27, ran,<;e 5, of Tlietford. Messrs. Fenwick and .•"'elater are the aijents in Canaihi. Thett'onl, Q., lot liT, range (S. Ross, WunUh-od.A- Co., Tlniford Mint.^ O. 'M'>. Asbestus (ehrys(_itile). 'I'l 's lU'iHi.-it has unly lately been opened, but, Judging from present in- ilicatioiis, it prouii.ses to become as remunerative as the adjuiuing ones. Fire Clay, A;c. Joliettc, (i IV. Diijiiii^, .IidUitr, n. ^)\x. Fire <'hiy. Laxton, O., lots ;'> imd 1, range 11 E/i:.'nd-, S!. Ji'/.n, XJl. 5()S. Siliceous earth in raw state. 5i;Sa. ,, ,. calcined. The price of the raw earth i- live dollars, and of the c;ileiiied i-artli ten dollars, per ton. ^, «M .MATERIALS FOR GKIND1N(; AND rOLISlIIXG. AVlu'tstoncs. Nottawasaga, 0., lot I'l, r.'mgo 11 (hiijoiiirnl Suvrri/. 4130. Whetstones. The rock from which these are made is in eM'ry wiiy suited for superior scythe-stones, althounh they ha\c never yet been niauufactureil t'roin it. — Medina /oniKiliiiii, Siliiridii. I tr f 158 MINERALS or CANADA. i Fountain Lake, Cuniborlantl county, N..S. - Ah:x McKvmie, Moidrtuh Q. 201. Infusorial oarth (tripolitc). This Inke is about oi^lit miles from the Intorcolonial Railway, and near the summit of thu Cobc(iui(l Mountain ranj^c ; the deposit is from two to fifteen feet deep, and the earth is remarkably pure. — Alluvion, U" Morigonish, Pictou county, N.S Alex McKenziv, Montreal, Q. 2;).^. Infusorial earth (tripolite). This deposit is thought to be from five to twenty feet thick. — Alluvion. Pollet Lake, Mechanic feettlcmcnt, ) ,,, 1*^7- ■ ^r , ^ i r, IvmgsCounty, A.13. ) > . w 292. Infusorial earth (tripolite). Tliis deposit is said to be from four to twenty feet tiiiek. Some of the earth was examined by Mr. Iloi^'munn in the laljoratory of the Survey, and found to have the following composition (air dried) ; — Silica 804S7 Alumina ;M4(J Ferric oxide ()•!)")! Lime 0-;j42 Jlagnesia 0-283 Carbonic acid 0-011 I'hosplioric acid ? Potash and Soda ? Water and organic matter 18-!)21 y On treatment with caustic potash the air-dried material left an insoluble residue of oi.ly 7'0'J4 per cent. — Keiiort of Progress of the Geological Survey, 1878-79, p. n. IL The deposit would appear to be of i'resh-watcr origin. It contains siliceous spicules of Sjioiii/illa in great abundance, also (juantities of frustules of diatomacea'. mostly detached, among whicli tlie following genera can be recognised — Pinnnlaria, Siirircl/a, Staiiroiieis, Iliimintidium. Several deposits of Infusorial Earth are now known to occur both in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, which in purity and value of the earth far exceed that imported from Germany. Some of these are so favourably situated for working, and witli such facilities for shipment, tlui^ "■ :re should bo no difficulty in entirely controlling the American market 11' properly liandled, Besides the localities mentioned above, two others are known to exist in New I'runswick, viz., one at Pleasant Lake, about six miles south- west of Pollet Lake, and another about seven miles east of St. J(din. In Nova Scotia a very accessible deposit occupies the bed of Folly Lake, o\ er which the Intercolonial Railway passes. Other lakes along tlie Cobecptid Jlountain range and in Cape Breton contain deposits of greater or less extent, and it POLISHING POWDER. 159 is also stated to occur in Kin-'s county and in the vicinity of Halifax in the lakes from which the water supply of tiiat city is derived.— .l/Zuufo/i. Polishing Powder. Westbury, Q y. ||', Constuhk, IVksthuri/, Q. 635. Crude polishing powder, The same refined, and put up in packages for sale und.-r the name of "Diatomic Polishin"; Powder." ^ IGO MIXEKALS OF CANADA. w X. MINERALS APPLICAr.LE TO THE FINE ARTS AND TO JEWELERY. Lithui>'rai>liic Stone. t At IMiirnioi'fi the Liinrt'iitiaii rocks arc overlaid by about twenty feet of bi'owiiisli- band to which this bed belongs crops (Uit at intervals all the way from llungerford to Kama, a distance of 1(10 miles. Stone which appears to be suitable for the manufacture of lithographic stones has also been iihserved elsewhere in Canada, but has not yet been thoroughly examined. Miidoc. ()., lot 7, rnnpe o ;i(;4. Litliographic stone, dressed. /). E. K. Stewart, M.— /jV(/c/,- River fnrmal ion, Cainbiu-Si/nrian. I\)ri)l i\iMes. M Grcnvillo, t^., lot ;5, range r, (JeoIa. Porphyry, dark green with reel crystals. w^^ Ig .. li n "^ SCAI'OrjTK. KU ClKitliMiii, (J,, lot, 7, i,uihe,l. ' if tiliii/i'iill ,S', "/■'■' If. This mineral occurs as lar-v .K.avahl.. nia.sses in a. limestone, iii.l is ass, dated with lilac coloured cry.stals ,,f pyroxene. When tree Ihim tin niiiieriil it takes a •4,"),1 )ii,lish. I.unn iilimi. Wilsoniti'. Batliurst, .")(l(i. \ViK,,ni!e, p.dish.'il. IJeaUlil'ul spcauuMi,-. "I' llii:- uiiu'iid nias.sesnKiC ,iiuu li.' i. i::.,! -JhCMUci „ the ,,thcr. —iMnmititn. I II iilnijliiil Sliyi'i ij . •cciir a.-^.vM.aut.'d \Mth sca]i,iiit, , and rraiUial iia-,.sai;e .it oi;e niiiu-ral int<. Jj;il)rn(l()rif(', Liiljniil'ir l.'^f;. Lal>ra,l,)ritc, cut and |i,j!idi,'(l. . < li'iilmitciil Siirrn/, Tlu! opalescent L.aliradorilc, iihtaiiie,! (Voni ihi' I.auivntian ro,-lis in a nuniher of phwes, ,'inl)racLS mm.,.imI Narietics known us •' tlre-coloiired," iVc. The lii'st com,' from St Paul's Island, and tlu' .idjacout .shores in the vicinity ,>f Nain, on ih,' c,K!.-.t ,d' Lahradur, where it occurs in veins. — Lmirciiliuu. 102 MINERALS OF OANAPA. Albitc (PcristcritL'). Hiitlmrst, < >., lot 1!», riiiigc l» (nvlu(/icul Hnrrcij, ;ir7. Albiti', (lilt iinil polislu'd. This inincnil, ciillcil I'l'i'isti'i-itc liy Tlioin|ison, on (U'count of its Iti'iiiiliriil bliiisli npiilcsccncc, is 11 v:irii'ty ciriilliitc. In lliis InViiIily it occnrs in invfjo clciiviiblc musses, conliiiiiin'.'; (lisscininiilcil f^rnins of c|Miirt/., in veins euttin;,' Liliirentiiin slralii. A vein df llie smne cJiiirMelep oecnrs on tile north side o|' Stony Liil78. Perthite, cut and polished. ^' se\ oral varieties of tile rock runs within half a mile of the northern extremity of Goulais Bay. Some varieties of the rock lontain numerous small drusy cavities, and might make good millstones. — Hiironian. I ^ AMK'illVaT. 1613 «illS|»LT. Hull, (J. (fiuh'ijiail Sarciij, .')22. JiispiT, polished spucinifii.— /^i/(((i7i7((/n. Ami'tliystine (inartz. Amethyst Harbour, Lake Suporinr, O. ;J70. Aiiu'tliyst c'ry-.tiil.s. Oi'tili)iliritI >iiiri.'l'l/. Nuarly cvury vein cuttiii- ihf clicrly aii.l ;u•.^'llliu•(M)lls slates iiroim.l 'riumder Hiiy (!c)iitaiiis inorc or loss of this niiiiciMl. At Amethyst ILuh.uii- opeiiiii'^s have been mailo on si^venil of the veins, lor tiiu purpose oi' obtaininj? the.se orystals, whieh here eonstitiUu almost the entire vein.— .l/umiX'/c wria.i. Tliimclcr Bay, near Tort Arthur. O. Tlwnuis A. Kc/a-, I'uH Art/mr, O. ■108. Amethyst. Lako .Superior, O S/*- C/firk^ Tiqiprr, Loh'I.uu, fnylnmL .'iyS, Amethyst crystals (hir^e speeimun). North Shore of Lako Superior, 0, Tlmtiuis A. Kri'fa\ Part Artlmr, (K 112. (iuui'tz crystals. Agates. Queen Charlotto Isl;inas, T!.C 5U7. C'halcedonie pehiiles, eui and polished. (hvlojical Siinvij. These; j)el)i)les oecnr abundantly in some loealities, and aiv ilerived IVoiii the Miocene Tertiary rocks of tlii; islands. The speeiiuens exhibited were [)re- sentcd by the Manpiis of Lome. North Shore of Lako Superior, ) Thundor Bay district, 0. . j •1(W. .\<^aU; cut and jm.I '-ed T/kis. a. KecfW, Part Arthur, O. KU MINMl.'AI-S OK CANADA. Miuliii)ici)tt'ii Isliiuil, L;il((' .SiiimiiDr, () (Jmloijicoi tinmij. KiS. Affiiti'^, ('111 anil polisluil. Tlii'sc iijj;ii(i's occur oii the iwn'lli iiiiil sdiitli sliorcs uf Lalu' Siipi-riitr, piirti- ciiliirly 1111 ilic Island ntSt. Ij^iimi', iiiiil mi Simiisdii'. Isliiiul In the ciisl of it ; hut the lurv;(>st und hcsi urc th'rivcil iVom tho tni|i of MifliipicoU'n Island, where tlicy arc foiiinl on the shore in great tilmndanee. On tliis isliiiul clialcedoiiy and af;ate oceiir not only in tlu' form of nodules in the trap, Imt in \eins (illiiic; cracks and disiiieiiiinns \sliich traversi' the Iraj), and run in several directions. Oas])(', (i Gfoldrpcdl Siirvp)/. ■jiis. Jasper pehhics, ent and polislied. Liiy of Fumly and IJiisin of Minus, N.H fleolvijicul Siortij. 111!'. Ac'ates and iiisper, cut and polished. lietwciii l)i,nliy a. id Scot's Hay, on the south shore of the J5ay of Fiiiidy, liaud-.onu' chalcedonic varieties of a^atc, hotli in veins or nodules, are of frii[nent oceiirrence in the basaltii' rocks. At Scot'.^ liay rocks often exhibit lari^c surfaces studded with these minerals, i'artridi^c I.-,laiid and UKimidon Island, 111 the IJu.Mii oi' Minus, have also from time to liiue allorded huiidsuuie specimens. :/ IL1 i (•OLLHLTKJNH OF MINKUAUS. 10.-) XI. MISCELLANEOUS. Speciul ColUrtioiis of iSIiiienils and ()iv,s. llriti.sli Culuiiihiii O/,),, „l,i iiii< r limflum, Vidoriu, It.C. 4:i.j. CtibiiK't (if iiiiMcnil . luid or, .s rn.ni tlic imiviiu'c, with iiii.|) sliouiiiL tliL' lucalitius wlicic tilt' siii'ciincii.s fxhibiUMl ocmir. North Slioro of Lake; Suinrior, O. . Tlum, A. Kn/rr, l',„t, Ait.luir, O. •loo. I'yriiiiiiil ot'di'i's IViJiii vuruMi-. niini'-i. North Hhoro of Lake .^iipLiior, O. 77/o>,. ,1. Knjiy, l' luiiu's and |iriiiicrtiL',N in llii' nri;;l'.l,Hjui'li()o(l, 40;3a. CubiiiL't (it builibng, u.-!ct'ul, urnamriital, uiul iirwuniM stoius. Novii Scotiii •J80. CubiiH't (il'miiii'riil.s. ./. ir. /•'. E'fni, Ilnn/ny, N.iS. Nova iScotiii .004. C//''"i'^ ^'^^'''ts, Caijv ' ' ( I) nil III, N.S. 4-10. Fossil Plant (cirbnuifercnis). Gowrie Mine, Cape Breton, N.S. | "'T''l ^'""l o'" ^'''" ^'''■'' ^^'"^"' ( Breton, N.is. ii'.t. Carboniferous fossils. Petite N;itiv)n and other localities 'Iciildijical SHrvijj, 3'J'). Series of ^I'ecimeiis illu>ttaling the structure and mode of occurrence oi Eijtuon Viinailiiist'. prc;)ari'(i by Mr. T. C. Weston. 1 to ."i. Jlicro-photographs, showing ean;d system as seen in docalcilied specimens magnitied about thirty dianu'ters.— ^-"c/Z/c Aation Sciipiiury, d i;. Nature print from deealcilied .ipeeimen,— y-'(.'//i'( Nalioii Seiyniort/, (J,. 7. I'luitograph <>i' specimen with matri.x of pyroxene, one-half natural size. — I'ltiti A'tilitiii Siiipiiori^- (i. 8. Micro-drawing, showing canal ystem, &c,, mat^nified ItH) diameters. — JVlite Xatimi Sci'ijiiiori/. (j. *.\ STONE IMl'LEMENTS. 167 rc(l siM.cim.-n- in s..n"Mitino aii.l cuMu-.—P^lit,: Nation S<:i(/itii'/i/, Q 11. D(Tul,:iHo,l si,w.iin(.n>sh„wni.t;:(MP.ul sy.tcni.-/', ///, A'atwn Sen/nwn/, 1-'. l'",i;-:iniir ami (■iilciic— A',,,//, /iitr./css. O. l;'.. .iJwtalcilied .specimen, sli,,.viu- liim canal .system.--/ V///e Xa/ioi, S, ;,,. '""■''.'/< (I- II to K;. Wentlieiv,! spe.Mmeiis in ealeito and seqienline. --/', /,/,- \,iii<.,i '^1 Il/Hlnn/. Q. 1, Id L'li. |)|.ciilci|i|,il sjiceiiilMns. — />,//', .\,,/;<,ii S,i''/,nu,i/, (I l-'l \ 22. Mieacemis linieslone. — ^^(/,•/,f„y, /,'/,t/-, .scopie seotums .sIioulM.t;' canal systums, proper walls of chamhors, Sic.—Prfiic Xnlimi S.',,/ni„n/, (I iVt&Sr). Decal-ifieil specimens ^howintr tubiili.— /V/i7r. .Witn.u Sauniuri, d ■'- ■M. Poli.shed^ slal), shouint; serpentine, cakite and iiyroxuiie.— A'/iVf jVl/tli'll ^1 lljltinri/j 1 1. Kocks of the Liuiivntiiui Sy.stom HssoeiatcMi witli Eozoou. •".7. Chrysotile veins in ser|ieniine (i/riivi/li; (>. •'^^- '*'"'''t'' I'n (,;iiiirl()tte Islaiiiis, H.C />r. M. /),f,rs,,„, Offinnt, (I. .'t'.IT. Collccii.ai iif Indian ("iii-viiii;s. niiiili of indiirat'd enrlionacenus shale. II. {'> oval platters. /'. 1 round philter, c. I l)0\. '/. '2 oval dishes ('. 1 model oC Totem Post. ,/'. .'i groups if lieiires. y- 2 figures represenilnf^ medii'ine men. 168 MINERALS OF CANADA. TIk' hliulc fi'.'iii wliicli llicsc (il)jc«'(s iiro iiKuK' is ;iss(ic'i;ito(l witli tlu' ri-ctao('M!is :mtlirai'il '-!)('. niiii;- rocks of Skiiliif^atu, Qiu'on Charlotte Ishimls. It is iMinoii'i'iKiiis in fhiUiirt"- . easily worked, aiul lias ion;;- heeii iiiod l)\' the Ilaida Iiidiaiis for the n amilnetiire of eerlaiii iisel'iil or ornaiiieulal articles. < M' late years, a ready sale liaviiiL;' heeii t'ninid for siieh articles, eonsidei'able luimljiTs lia\e iii'eii produced, the Work beiui;' carried on chiefly durin;;' the v\inter. when out of door occupation.s are few. Many articles are now nnide which were not formerly niaiuifaclured, such as lioxes and ujrouiis of linures. The pallerns designed ou these are sonietinies copied from Hiiropeaii models, lint are more usually purely native in (diiracter, and in the latter easi; allVinl e.',eelleiit exam|iles not only of the neat headed work which these people pro- liiiie. but ilso oi' the hii;hly convenlionali/.ed art whicdi has been theirs from lime iiunielllorial. Victoria, 1>.C li'. S. Untmnai), Victurln, 1!.^. ."),-)0. v)ld Indian canoe or net anchor, loejid in a, ;;ravel-pit at Victoria. Nortli Shore of Lake Siip(>rior, O. Tli«.-\ A. Kr,/,i\ I'nyf Arflmr. O. |u7. .\ eolleeti.ai of stone implements supposed to have been used by ancient nnners. North Shorn of Lake SiijMM'ior, O. . .'/'Aos-. ,1. h'cc/'cr, I'ltrt Artliur, O. 4'2">. Inlian arrow heads (4). ., It. Indian war clubs (■'>) .. li. Indian pipe> (h. ., c. Sli.Mth.-knife P7'ivilice of l,llleliec . - 57;^. (J.mailian pearls. (I. Srif, rt, Qidlnc, Q. Tliese pearls are ohtanied 'Vom the freshwater n\ussel or Unio {Manjiirilaiui iiiiininnhtrra L.), alaindanl iu som.- of the rivers of the province of Cicieln'c. , I'clia'li IJ.^cks I',;;:. Cijh.-lion ol , bou' four luind: I specimens of Arelnen rocks from tin I'' i!o\^ im; loralilies ■. — Lake Si. .lolin DiMrit I, (^ Di.iriet North of Montr, ul. t^. MAPS. 1()!) Eastorn Townships, C^. Shicksliock Mouiituin-i, ij Lake of thf Woods Distrit t, '). New JSrunswick. Nova Scotia. Collection of Reports and Miips i)iil)li.|u'.| by the Geolo,,eni)t Mans : ''!p"% Dominion of Canada, sliowinj^ ocurnnce of Kcoiiomi,- Minerals. S,-,,|,. 27^ miles to the inch. Dominion of Canada, -oolo-i.;ally .•oloiu-ed, showiiifr results of ..eolo"-i,Ml explorations up to January, isstj. " " Map of the Eastern Townships of the l'r„vince of (.iLiehe.^, showiu-r the occurrence of Economic Minerals. Scah- -1 miles to an inch. " Map of the Eastern Townships of the Provinc- of Quebec, geolo-iiuiliy coloured. Scale 1 miles to an inch. " Map of Nova Scotia, showing occurrence of iilconoiuic Minerals. Scale 3 miles to an inch. (Exhibited by Government of Nova Scotia,'* TABLE OF CONTENTS. -Mkials and their Okli^. Native irou Ma^'netic iron ure Ilciuatito Iluionito, or titauilorcjus inni ure Limonito (inchuliug bog iron ore) Sjiatbic ii'ou oro Clay irou stono Native copper... Copper, sulpliiiles of ... Zinc, .sulphide of Nickel, .'^ulpliiili! of ... Lo.id, sulphide uf Silver, native and ores of (iold, native and ores of I'latinuni Antimony, native and ores of I'li.-^mutli, sulphide of ... lAGE 17 17 2(; ;!i ;!t; ;57 !,■) 4,-. 4(; 4!! .54 ()■". G7 11 — ^Materials used is the Production of Light and Heat. Antliraeito Bituuiinous coal Albortite Bituminous shaU Petroleuuj Poa^ ... [ind liirmte (lit 70 ,S3 84 .S4 ss HI.— ^Minerals ai'i-uoaule tk certain Chemical Manufactures. Iron pyrites I'yrrhotite, or inagnetic iron pyrites Apatite, or phosphate of lime JIagnesite, or carbouaiO of magnesia Celi'itite, or sulphate of strontia ('>.\ ides of manganese .. . Chromic iron ore Molybdenite 81) 8i» 8".» '.»r> Da IKi !t7 ".t8 I \'. — ^Ii.NERAL JiANIIiES. OjpBUUl Shell Marl 'Jit 102 'I'AIJLI': Ol' CONTKNTS. 171 V — MiNKIUL PirjMKNTS, Ocliru TJarite, or boavy s]):ii' Whit in" I'AGK ln;j 105 lOfi VI.— Salt, I?rixi:s and Minekal Watkks. Salt anil brino Mineral watin' 107 IDS VII. — MaTKRIAL^* Al'l'LICAlil.E To L'o.MM.iN OK 1 iKl'OliA riVI. CONS Lini''stouo Ddlniuito SMni]ston(! Granite ami sycniti' . . ( Juois.s ,,. Labra(; iLMi 127 VM lai; i:!fi 137 137 t • • • • 138 U(i lU VIII. — Refuactorv .Mathkials. Oraiiliito or plunibajro Soapstone Potstoue Mica rock ^lica ... Asbostns Fire-clay Kaolin... Sandstone, refractory 151) 152 152 153 • • 153 1 5+ 15(1 15(1 1 5(; IX. — MaTEHIAI.S for lilUNDlNG \ND l'.)MSIIlN(i. Wbetstonos Infusorial earth I'olishiiiLT powder 157 157 15 Fine .\i!t» anh m .Ilwcllkv. Ijithiigriiphie stone i'"n'i'yy Seaiiolite Wil.sonito Labrailorite (Javnet Albite Porthite 100 UiO , , lOl h;i Kil 102 l(i2 l'^2 ^■v 172 MINHKALS OF CANADA. JaHjK.'i' con,t;loiiior;iti' .. Jiispor ... Aiui'thystiiii^ i|Uiirt/. .. C^uai'ts'. crystals Apiitos ... I'AGi; l(i2 108 lfi;5 i(;3 108 XI . — M ISCKLLAS KOU.S. Ci)ll(ii> iif lijiri(M-al~ Folnpar Soils l'"ossils, including Eo/.o 111 ( 'a nailoiiso luilian implumouts Poarls Colloetion of Aroha'ii rocks ... Cnlloctiou of Reports and Maps published by the Geological Survey 1 05 IOC. 100 100 107 108 108 10!) ILLUSTRATIONS. 1. — Drawing showing mode of occurrence of native oopijor at Micliipicotou Island, Lake Superior .., n. — Diagram illustrating relative composition of coals, ligr III. — Sketch showing vein holding large apatite crystal .. IV. — Sketch showing vein of aj)atito in pyroxene rock V. — Sketch .showing mode of occurrence of apatite VI. — Drawing of largo apatite crystal YII. — Drawing showing crystals of apatite in limestone VIII.— Oil woUs at Petrolia, Outarin (from a photograph) .. 88 nites, * I- 78 !)0 90 91 !I4 l»4 85 4.