IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

V „„

W-

WJ>.r

1.0

I.I

1.25

iia iiiM

IM 12.2

11116

1.4

1 2.0

1.6

Photographic

Sciences
Corporation

■^^

v»

V-

23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

CIHM/ICMH

Microfiche

Series.

CIHM/ICMH
Collection de
microfiches.

Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques

1980

Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques

The Institute has attempted to obtain the best
original copy available for filming. Features of this
copy which may be bibliographically unique,
which may alter any of the images in the
reproduction, or which may significantly change
the usual method of filming, are checked below.

n
n

Coloured covers/
Couverture de couleur

Covers damaged/
Couverture endommagde

Covers restored and/or laminated/
Couverture restaurde et/ou pellicul6e

Cover title missing/

Le titre de couverture manque

Coloured maps/

Cartes gdographiques en couleur

Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/
Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)

Coloured plates and/or illustrations/
Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur

Bound with other material/
Relid avec d'autres documents

Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion
along interior margin/

La reliure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la
distortion le long de la marge int6rieure

Blank leaves added during restoration may
appear within the text. Whenever possible, these
have been omitted from filming/
II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutdes
lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte,
mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont
pas 6t6 filmdes.

Additional comments:/
Commentaires suppldmentaires:

L'Institut a microfilmd le meilleur exemplaire
qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details
de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du
point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier
une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une
modification dans la mdthode normale de filmage
sont indiquds ci-dessous.

□ Coloured pages/
Pages de couleur

I I Pages damaged/

D
D

Pages endommagdes

Pages restored and/or laminated/
Pages restaurdes et/ou pellicul6es

□ Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/
Pages ddcolor^es, tachetdes ou piqudes

□ Pages detached/
Pages ddtach^es

□ Showthrough/
Transparence

□ Quality of print varies/
Qualitd indgale de I'impression

□ Includes supplementary material/
Comprend du material supplementaire

Only edition available/
Seule Edition disponible

Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata
slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to
ensure the best possible image/
Les pages totalement ou partiellement
obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure,
etc., ont 6X6 filmdes d nouveau de fapon d
obtenir la meilleure image possible.

10X

This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/

Ce document est filmd au taux de reduction indiqu6 ci-dessous.

14X 18X 22X

26X

30X

12X 16X

20X

24X

28X

32X

The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks
to the generosity of:

National Library of Canada

L'exemplaire filmd fut reproduit gtdce d la
g6n6rosit6 de:

Bibliothdque nationale du Canada

The images appearing here are the best quality
possible considering the condition and legibility
of the original copy and in keeping with the
filming contract specifications.

Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le
plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et
de la nettetd de l'exemplaire filmd, et en
conformity avec les conditions du contrat de
filmage.

Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed
beginning with the front cover and ending on
the last page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All
other original copies are filmed beginning on the
first page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, and ending on the last page with a printed
or illustrated impression.

Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en
papier est imprim^e sont filmds en commenpant
par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la
dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second
plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires
originaux sont film^s en commenpant par la
premidre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par
la dernidre page qui comporte une telle
empreinte.

The last secorded frame on each microfiche
shall contain the symbol -^ (meaning "CON-
TINUL^D "), or the symbol V (meaning 'END"),
whichever applies.

Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la
darnidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le
cas: le symbole — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le
symbole V signifie "FIN".

Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Those too large to be
entirely included in one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:

Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Stre
filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents
Lorsque le document est trop grand pour §tre
reproduit en un seul clichd, il est film^ d partir
de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite,
et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre
d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants
illustrent la m^thode.

Tl-y. /'H CX'WV'0LL'<^V^

JOHN BROWN in CANADA.

A nONOQRAPH.

JAMES CLELAND HAMILTON, LL.B.,

V.P. CANADIAN INSTITUTE.

'■I

FROn CANADIAN MAGAZINE, DEC, 1894.

^^■■a

\OQrV.

JOHN BROWN IN 6ANADA.

liV .lAMKS ci.KI.AXI) HAMILTON.

'• A stiiry worth fulling, nur annals aflonl."

-C. Mai):

•' A moral warfare witli tlio criiiiu,

And folly cif an evil tiiuu." U hitlii r.

A liioorji|)liy by one wlio was an
o\(j-\vitiR's.s uf sonii' of the storinv

(lopietoil by our jiuthor, soiin' (.'ouid
have been t'ouml whose sympatliies
were more with P)oinliaand Maximi-
lian, the re)iresentative.s of reaction,
than with (Jaribaldi, free Italy, ami
pioi^ressive Mexico. Some, too, there

scenes in tlie fifties, of the tierce con- were amon^f us, anil piThaps still are,

Hict then waj^ed between tlu; pi'o- who reoarde(l tlie ])eriod when the

!slav<'ry and anti-slaver}' parties, ijrini^s sla\e-masters ruleil in W'ashinoton as

to mind many matters of interest to the halcyon days of the C'(jmmon-

residents on both
sides of the (Jreat
]^akes. (d)

Tile author, Mr.
Richard .1. Hinton,
was a trusted fi'iend
and adviser of Cap-
tain John iJrown, and
writes witli the au-
thority of personal
knowliulo-e. He shows
als(j an enthusiasm
for the lioly cau.se,
and a personal affect-
ion undinunished by
the aj:(e that has
];)assed since his hero
gave up his brave
life on the Charles-
town ''•allows.

lOUN IJliOWX.

wealth.

Few admirers of
John Brown Vsnil be
found amono- such
readers. He was an
iconoclast, whospared
no idols, however ven-
erabli', who respected
no authority whose
cree<l was oppression,
and regarded W) form
of btdief as sacred, if
by it the mind of man
was in any way con-
fine(l.

The fastidious will
find it iiard to realize
a pure-blooded An-
glo-Saxon not only
taking up the cause
of the Africfui with
enthusiasm, out ex-
hibiting no repul-

But this period has
not sufficed for many
of his contemporaries,
wIio,se pers(_)nal feelings or fortunes
were affected by the tin-moil which fol-
lowed, to form an unl)ia,sed judgment
of the character and career of" John
Brown, the man of sad and stern fur-
rowed countenance, whose word was
S[)artan law to those who best knew ilict, and is destined to be engulphed
him, and who.se arm was ever sti'ong in its dark waves,
and ready to shelter the oppressed and There is one class of our people
to crush the oppressor. who look on the career, of Brown as,

Even in Canada, during the times without doubt or gainsay, that of a
— - true patriot and saviour. To their

((() .liilin liinuri and His Mon. I?v UiclmnI J. Hiiitoii. • i

Funk & WiiK;niills Co,, 1894, New York anil Toronto. nnUUS,—

sion from liis .'~ooty skin, and ti'eat-
ini>' the meanest slave as a broth-
er. The descendant of the May-
llower Puritan who hail fled acro.ss
the sea for con.science'-.sake, himself
endiarks on an ocean of moral con-

JOHN HKOWS IN CANADA.

" Tliuic Hdinuls lint to till' tiiiiiip (if faiiii'
Tlie echo of a nuliler naiiio. "

Such, imk'i'd, is tlie revereneu uiid
love ot" the At'ricuii raco for .loliii
J'Jrowii, luTo (»r the Free Soil iiiovr-
ment in Kansas, an<l loader of tlic
Harper's Fotv raiil.

Tlioy know that hi' Fell a \villin<,f
martyr to the cause of freeiloni, and
how full of conse(|uence that event
was to the race he loved. It was the
Hash that tired the powder, the apai'k
that kindled the hla/.e soon to light
up all the laud.

THE VERY REV. WALTEK HAWKINS.
^->^ Supcriuti iidn il (Binhop) nf the KHi.

It will be my object now to show
what part Canadians had in this mat-
tei". As far back as March 24th, 1841),
in a letter written at Richmond, Ohio,
John Brown says : " Jason and I have
talked of a visit to Canada next fall.
We would like to know more of that
country." Soon after this, lie remov-
ed to North Elba, Essex Co., New
York, in the Adirondacks, in which
beautiful and romantic region he made
his homo. Here he raised his favorite

Devon cattle and choice shoe]», and
aidoil colored [)eo])le who eamt; to set-
tle on lands given them by .Mr
( ierrit Smith. His poetic spirit,
love of nature, and benevolence, had
full and happy .scope for a time.
Hi.s teachings and example were
greatly prized by his jioor neigh-
liors, who re(|uired lioth encourage-
ment and a spui- to activity in free
labor.

Wherever Brown's lot was cast, his
earnest, manly character was conspicu-
ous. His letters to members of his
family showed fatherly afi'tction
most sincere, but abounded in les-
sons urging to duty. Writing to
his son John, he .says, "Say to
Ruth, to be all that to-day which
she intends to be to-morrow."
His life was a living example of
Carlyle's heroic words : ■ Not
sport, but earnest, is what we
should rc([uire. It is a most earn-
est thing to be alive in this world :
to die is not sport for a man.
Man's life never was a sport to
him ; it was a stern reality, alto-
gether a serious matter to be
alive." ('/)

The colony grew luider Brown's
inspiring spirit and (Ierrit Smith's
benevolence. Among refugees who
lived there for a time was Walter
Hawkins, a bright young coloiod
man, who had escaped from M iry-
land. In 1<S.')2, he removed to
Canada, became honored and re-
vered as a minister of the (!os-
:)el, and when he died in July,
1894, was Presiding Bishop of the
British Methodist Episcopal Church.
But the attacks of pro-slavery men
from Mif^souri upon "free-f'oil" set-
tlers in Kansas, called Brown and his
devoted sons to aid in defending the
cause of freedom there. He stood
firm, and grim as a great rock, on the
disputed ten-itor\\ The waxes of
violence swept around him, csirrying
the worst elements engendered by
slavery, biit broke battied at hi'^ feet.

((I) From " Ilerdt'S and Hero VVorshiii.

lOHN IlKOnW IN CANADA.

■' Before the nioiiKtrous wrong lie Mt-t him down,
One uuiti ii^'iiinst a stoiie-walled city of sin."

He organized lorcos, obtaiiRMl .sui»-
plii's, (iniiH, (iinl piovisions from syni-
patliiscrs in tlui Kastt'in Status, an<l
soon iiiant'iilly, and witli interoat,
avcnj^ed tlu' attacks of tliu " Bordt'i'
Kutiians. "

Tlie slaves in .Missouri werr seat-
ter('<l on the plantations, pi-cvcntcd
from mei'tiii};' or fonsidtinjj^ togt'thcr.
and kept as ignorant and illiterate as
possible. .Ml liope for betterment
was suppressed by cruel punishment,
or removal t(J the far south, of those
who showed any manliness.

The Haytien proverb, " Zie lilanc
Ixaiille n((gres," " The eyes of the
whiti's burn up the n<'g'i'oes," was e.\-
emplitied. The new territory of Kan-
sas was fast tilling with pecjpie, and
elections were a])pr(jaching which
would decide whether the domain of
slavery slioulil l)e extended to it.
That power never scrupled in the use
of means to accomplish its ends. The
Government of the l^^nited States,
then in the hands of a temporizing-
president, and pro-slavery officials,
failed to see fair play or to punish out-
rage. JJrown determined to tight Hre
with tile. He found promises broken,
conventicjns and compromises only
made and used as a means to forward
the pro-slavery movement. He could
see little use in conferences. " Talk
is a national institution, but it does no
manner of good to the slave, ' he would
say. Slaves were in his eyes prison-
ers of war: their masters, tyrants
who had taken the sword and nuist
perish by it. He took his Hible and
the J)eclaration of American Indepen-
dence -IS his guides. He fought in
the spirit of .loshua and of (!i<leon,
whose stories and characters had
strong fascination for him.

In Decendjer, I SoS, Brown entered
Missouri with two small companies <jf
brave men. His lieutenants, John
Henry Kagi and Aaron 1). Stevens,
who were l)oth with him afterwards
at Harpers Ferry, commanded one,

Mild Brown the other. .A iiegro called
.lim had come and stated that he,
with his wife and two children and
another slave wcjuld be .soon .sold, and
he begged for help. Kii'st these five
slaves were liberated, then si.\ other
slaves, ami two white men were
marche(l oft". The companions joined
and move(l slowly back to the terri-
tory, when the white men were ic-
leased. In the rai<l, Kagi's party had

1 M opposed by Mr. Crui.se, a white

man, who was shot down by Stevens
in self-defence, as he claimed, while
endeavoring to detain a man-chattel.
This was luifortunate, but is to be re-
garded as an incident of the war, for
such in fact, was the desultory con-
tliet that then raged in the western
outskirts of the Hejiublic.

This invasit)n and bold attack on
the "peculiar institution," in its home,
raised a great commotion. Brown
ami Kagi were proclaimed outlaws,
and prices were put e ; their heads.
'I'hey determined to carry the freed
people to (-"anada. 'i'he retreat was
through Kansas, Xebiuska, Iowa,
Illinois and ^Michigan, and was one of
the b(jldest adventures of the cam-
paign. After pa.ssing the village of
Topekawith various incidents, shelter
was found in an empty log cabin,
where pursuers, headed by a United
States marshal, overtook them.

The}^ remained on the defensive
until a band of young men from To-
])eka joined them. At Hilton, or
.Muddy Creek Crossing, the marshal
stationed himself with eighty armed
men. J^rown had only twenty-thret;
white men and three negroes. The wo-
men weri' sheltered in the cabins with
emigrant waggons in front of them.
The little company formed in double
tile. .\t the woi-d, " Xow go straight
at em boys, they'll be sure to run,"
Brown and his party njarched (piickly
towards the creek, I)ut the foremost
had not reached its margin, when the
marshal rode oft' in hot haste, follow-
ed by such of his men as could untie
and mount their horses in time. " 'J'he

4 JOHN HR OWX IN CA NA DA .

.sc<!iu' wiiH n'lliniluus lio^'oiul ilcscriji- tin- Ix'st iiiiiii lie IuhI cvci iin't, jukI

tioii," Hiiys oiif ol' the pnity. " Suiiil' knew iiiuiv uiiuut rfliyioii than any

horst's were l\astily iiiouiitiMl by two man.

nii'ii : one man ^•ral)lic(l ti^ht hold of 'I'hc party rcaclicil Drtioit on l'2th

the tail ol' a lioi'M', tiyinjj; to leap on .Mni'ch, 1S.')!>, and crcjsscd ovci' to

from Ix'liind, while tlie rider whh pnt- Windsoi- in Canada. Ilrit- these people

tin'f Hpurs into his sides, so he went Mv- settleil and lived industrionslv.

nie' through the air, his I'eet touching;' When the I'riend they loved so well

tlu' <;ronnd now and then." Those of sntl'ei-ed at Charlestown Court House

our eouu'ades who haij horses followed a few months later, he had no moinn-

tlieni ahout six miles, and hi'ounht ers more sincere than these lowly ones

hack four prisoners and five horses. of the earth whom he iiiouj^ht toCan-

The att'ray at Mud<ly ( 'I'eek is known mlian manhood and free(|(im from

in tlu; histoi'V of Kan.sas as " 'I'he .Missonrian tiondanc

Battle of the Spurs, as these instrii- Samuel Flarpei', one ot the hand,

ments were the only weapons used. li\es now with his wife in a eond'ort-

'I'he i-eader will reniemlier the more ahle eottam- on iJruee aveinii

famous " Battle of the Sjiuns," of the Windsor. He says that he and she

year 15l.'i, when the French fled, ami are the only sur\ivors of the party of

some of their most noted men fell into ele\cn, except the hoy called after

the hands of the soldiei's of Henry dohn llrowii, who, now a man of :!.")

N'lII. The ])risonei's were made to years of nee, lives at Detioit. Harper

walk alone- beside theii' captors, jirown speaks very ei-atefully of Urown, .say-

talkini;^ with them on the way concern- iu", "I wish I was in a position to

in;;' the wickedness of sla\-erv. In pay John Ih'own. Junior, one half

the moi'uine- they were .set at liberty, what 1 owe his father, for what he

but their liurses were confiscated, and did for us." He al.so speaks of the

jfiven to the brave Topeka Boys. raid, and his old home, with the air

As the contrabands advanced into of (Jiie who reviews the past and feels

straui^e territory their I'emarks .showed stron<fly. He said his "Boss" came

their simple affectionate nature. One after him to Windsoi-, and wanted him

of the women pitied "jiooi* massa ! to y'o iiack, pi'onnsine- to ti'eat him

he's in a bad ti.K : hogs not killed, coi-n bettei- than ever beb)re. Harper was

not shncked, and ni^yers all done indii;iiant, ami i'eplie(l : " I thoueht

g'one." A man di'ivine- the oxen, asked ycai was a smarter man dan dat, but

the distance to Canada, ami was told I find yous a fool, come all dis way

that it was fifteen hundred miles, to ask me toe() liock to slavery."

"Oh, golly! \ve uns never get dar He told his story as folio w.s. The

befo' spring," h<' exclaimed, shoiiting, statenii-nt is as accurate as can be e.x-

as he brought the goad down. "(!it pected from <aie in the [Kjsition of this

up dar, buck : lamg along !" free<l man, afte)' an age has passeil.

With many adventures, the party The pei-son he referred to as Stevens
presse<l on towards the North. ( )ne was sometimes called Whipple. He
of th.'j women gave birth to a child on followed Ih'own to Harper's Ferry,
the way, which was named John and figured there as Capt. Aaron ]).
Brown. One of the prisoners, taken Stevens. He was a man witlunit fear.
en route, was a gay young medical He was captured, as will be seen, after
man, a rattling blade, wdioni Brown being wcjunded, and was tried and ex-
took under his especial care, and gave ecuted under \'irginia law,
him, under compul.sion, more n'loral sAMlEL h.\UPEr's stohy.

and religious trainnig tiian he had re- ,, „. , , ,0-0 , n ^'- i>

, .r / » 1 • J. 1 '»fiy back oeu loob, wen Caiit ni Hrewn

ceive<l ioryear.s. On his retnru liome kein down inter Misseureye," sai.l Harpsr.

he told his story, and said Brow n was " I wi«s un'y 'bout 18 yeah.s ole, but luy wife

JOHN BKOWN IN CANADA.

ovahdiir, slio Wiis 'liniit .'55. W'c kup' huiiriii'
of du C'liptiii tiikin' nIhvl'h iiwiiy mi' semliii'
(lem iKirtli, till tiii'lly, 'hunt C'hristiims, wo
Iiu'jkI (lut tie Capt'iii wns iiiuli to <le fii'iii wu
wiiz workin'. So we dipiii' .soiit him wo'd
dnt wi) was iiwiiitin' ti> l)n tudk iiWHy, mi' a fow
weeks afterwa'ds the ciipt'in, with his ])art-
iior Kagi, came at night wid a wa;,'iii, an'
away wo dniv inter Kaii.sas.

" But it was mighty slow tralielin'. V'oii
see iXvy was sevoril ditl'erent |iai'tie.s 'mongst
ouah hand, an' oiiali marsei's had penple Inuk-
iii' all (ivali for us. We'd rido all night, ami
den mayl)e, we'd hev ter stay sevoril days in
one house ter keep from gottin' cot. In a
month we'd on'y got t<> a place near 'I'ojieka,
which was 'i)out forty miles from wliai' we
started. Doy was \'l of us stoppin' at do
house of a uian named Doyle, besides do
capt'in an' liis men, w'eu dere conies along
a gang of slave huntahs. One of C'ajit'in
Brown's men, Stevens, ho went down to dem
and .sayod : — ' (lOiitlomeii, you look 'sif you
was lookin' fo' somohody o' somotiii'. 'Ay,
yas,' says do loa<ler, 'we think ez how you
hav some uv ouah slaves up youdeh een dat
'ere house.'

" ' 'S that so :' ' .says Stevens. ' Well, come
on right along up wid mo, an' you kin look
hem ovah an' see '

" Wo wu/ a «atchin' tliis yore con ve'.sation
all do time, an' won avo see Stevens comin'
up to do house will dat 'ere man we jos'
didn't know w'at to make of it. Wo hegan
to git scared dat Stevens was goin' to give
us up to dem slave huntahs. But do looks
o' things changed w'en Stevens got uji to do
house. He jes' opened tlie do' long 'nough
fer to gral) a douhlod-harroled gun. He pint-
od it at do slave huntah, an' says :

" ' Yo' want to see yo"r slaves, does yo' ;'
Well, jes' yo' look up doiii harrols an' see of
yo' kin find 'em.'

"That man jes' went all to pieces. Ho
drapi)ed his gun. his legs was tremhlin', an'
do tears mos' sta'ted f'uiii hoes eyes. Stevens
took an' locked him ui) in do house. W'en
do rest o' his crowd seen him ca[)cha'ed, (ley
ran away 's fas' on dey could go. L'apt'in
Bi'own wont in to see do prisone., an' says
to him, 'I'll show you w'at it ees to look
aftah slaves my man.' Tliet friglitened do
prisoner awful. He was a kind old follow,
an' wen he hoord w'at do capt'in said, 1
s'pose ho thought ho was goin' to lie killed.
He hegan to cry an' beg to ho let go. Do
cajifin ho only smiled a leetle liit, and talked
S(jnie mo' to him, an' do next day he was
let go.

'" A few days afterwards, the I 'nitod States
Marshal came uj), with another gang to cap-
cha us. Dar was 'bout 7^) of dem, an' dey
surrounded do house, and we was all'fraid
we was goin' to he took for sure. lUit do
capt'in he jes' said, Miit ready, hoys, an'

we'll rt'ip 'em all.' Dar was onh'y 14 of us
altogether, hut do capt'in was a tervor to
'I'lii, .III' w'en we step|)ed out o' do house an'
went for 'em do hull saivonty-tivi' of 'oiii
sta'ted riiniiin'. Capt'in Brown an' Kagi an'
some others chased em, an' capciia'eil five
prisoners. Dar was a doctali an' a lawyah
amongst 'em. Dey all lied nice lio'ses Do
capt'iii m.ide 'em all get down. Den he told
hve of us slavi'S to mount cle boasts an' we
rode em w'ilo do wite men lied to walk. It
was early in do spring, an' de mud on do
roads was away over dore ankles. I jes' toll
you it was mighty tough walkin', an' you
ken h'lievo dose ti'llers had enough of slave
liuntin'. De next day do cafit'in let 'em all

"Ouah massers kop' spies watchin' till we
crossed de border. N\ 'en wo got to S|)riiig-
dah', loway, a man came ter see Capt'iii
Brown, an' tole him dey wiiz a lot of his
freii's down in a town in Kan.sas dat wanted
to see him. The capt'in s;iid he did not care
to go down, hut ez sijon s the man started
hack, Ca])t'in Brown follered him. Won he
came back he said dar was a hull crowd
comin' u|> to cajicha us. We all went nji to
de school house an' got ours(;'v's ready to
fight.

" De crowd came an' hung aroun' de
school 'ouse a few days, hut doy didn't try
to ca[)cha us. Do gov'nor of Kansas, he
telegraphed to de I'nited States Ma'shal at
Springdale : — 'Cajiclia John Brown, daid or
alive.' De Ma'shal, he aiis'ed : ' Ef I try to
capcha John Brown, it'll be daid, an' it'll be
me dat'll he daid.' Fin'ly those Kansas
people went homo, an' den dat .same Ma'-
shal put us in a carh an' sent us to Chicago.

" It took us over three months to get to
Canada. If I'd kiiowed dat do slaves was
a goin' to be freed so soon as dey was, I'd
never a come to Windsor. W'y :' Cos I
could a bought Ian' down dar eon Missour-
eye fo' 25 cents an acre, an' de climate is
much iiettahdaii up heali

" W'at kin' of a man was Capt'in Bro-i n f
Ho was ,1 great beeg man. ovali six feet tall,
with great beeg shouldelis, and long hair,
white e/. snow. Ho was a vairy quiet man,
awful c|uiet. He never even laughed. After
we was freed, we was wild of cose, and we
used to cut up all kinds oh foolishnoHS. But
do capt'in 'ud always look as solemn ez a
graveya'd. Sometimes he jes' let out do
Mniest l)it of a smile, an' say : ' Vou'd het-
tah i|uit yo' foolin' an' tak^ up your book.'

" De capt'in's son, .lohn Brown, Jr , lives
down to Put-in Bay Island. He raises grapes
down dere. an' we goes down to see him
every sunimah. He hez a nice family, an'
he's always glad to Bee hoes ole frens."

How often Brown hud been in Can-
ada bet'oi'e this time does not appear

joiLX /;A'(>irx /.y caxada.

liiit liis \ i.sit> .iinl cDrrcHiHiiKlfiici' witli

|M'()|)lc (iT ciildr. MU'l iitllcl'S luTc, Well'

IVc(|iit'iit, anil all witli tlic oiif finl in
\ lew.

As tlic tinif <irt'\v ri|M', ( 'liatliain and
St. < 'atliarincs were tin- placrs wliffc
tlir cnnspiratiii-s in the cansc of troo-
(loni nwt til |ii'i'l'('ct tlicir plans. \\\
St. ( "atlianncs was tlh-n a wondrrt'ul
woinan, llaiTict Tuimian. Slic was a
Maryland nruicss. wlio liad r'(-a|i('d
IVoni slavt-iy, went hack IVom time to
time, and liniui^lit away linroid latliri'
and mother, her hrotliri's wil'c and
childicn, and many othcis, sonic of
whom ai'c still living in Ciinnda. She
gained the name '' Dchorah' and
" .Most's," Cor saving her jJiMiple I'rom
hondagc. In a conversation Itctwccn
Captain Brown and Wendell I'hillips,
in l.S.")iS, the former calleil her ■ the
(Jencnil of us all, and said she had
led two thousand slaves from hondage
to northei'ii fi'eedom. She is also re-
ferred to as " The woman " in letters
of the period, written when it was
deemed hest not to mention true names
of confederates. When the i-aid at the
Feriy was made, she was residing at
( 'Iwunbershuig'. Pennsylvania.

Southern people, wlio lo.st valuaMe
chattels through lier dai'ing efforts,
ottered Si (),()()(') reward for lu'r, ilead
(a- alive. Fredei'ick Dcnmlas, (ierrit
Smith, and othei* friends, warne<l her
of the danger she incurred, but she re-
plieil, ■' (Jod will take care of me, whe-
ther in the Xoi'th or in the South."
She was of unmixed blood, and of very
negrine features She was a wise and
faithful agent of the " Underground
Kailroad,' and advisur of her ])eople,
till the war opened another tiehl of
u.sefulness, when she enlisted as an
hospital or army nurse. This hei'oine
lived iit Auburn X,\'., sul)se<|Uentl3^
UwL i ii ii HJiiiii d»ft 4. The story of her
life wa.s ]Miblished in a small volume.
Mrs Tubman was one of Brown's
( 'anadian advisers and co-workers in
the anti-slavery movement.

On the twelfth day of Ma}', iSoS,
he wrote to his wife from Chatham.

the seat of law of the county of Kent :
"Mad a grand aliolition ('onveiitioii
here, from ditieri'iit parts, on the Xth
and loth inst. ('(institution slightly
amended and ailopted, and St)ciety or-
ganized.'

After the ( 'onvcntion. Brown wrote
the letter to one of his sons given at
end of this article, under name of
.lames M. Bell.

The names of the melnliers of tliti
Chatham Convention were: Willim:!

C/llO-lls MoilVOf, (i. ./. I'ci/llii'llf^, J. I'.

lii'cnf^ A. J. Siiiif/i, .III UK'S Mmiror
Jdiii's^ (leorge B. (Jill, .1/. /''. Hm/i'i/.
William Lii ml lert, S. lln iifi)ii,Ji)/i h J.
.Iiirkfioii , Oslinnw p. A iiiliixoi), Al frill
Wliipixr, ( ". \V. .Motfett, Jti nil's M. 'HcIL
\V. H. Lehman, Alfred M. Kllsworth.
John E. Cook, Steward Taylor, Jmnrs
W. J'liriirll. (irni'flr Al>'iil,Sti'j)/ii a Ih't-
liii. Thohi.iis Hirl'i'Tsoii, Jiiliii Cminel,
I\iiliii)sini Ali'.rit iiili'i', Richard Kealf,
Tliouiiis /•'. (■in\i/. Whim I'll Uirlidrilsuii,
Ijuke F. Parsons, Thus. M. Ki'VUd.nl,
.liriiiiiiili Audi'rsnii, J. II. Drinncji,
liolxii Villi Vaiili')!, Tlios. M Sh i mj-
e,\ (."harles I'. Tidd, John A. Thomas,
C. Whipi)le, (dills Aaron 1). Stevens,
./. D. Sli'iilil, ]{nli('ii Nnrmuii, Owen
Brown, .lohn Brown, •/. //. Ilnrrifi,
Chiivh's Siiiith, Siiiimi Flsliii, Isiiiir
lliililini, ■laiiH's Siiiilh. and John 11.
Kagi : the Secretary, Ih: M. It De-
liiiiei/, was a corresponding member.
The members wdio.se names are in
italics wei-e colored men.

The pi'eliminary meeting was held
in a frame cottage on I'l'incess-street,
south of King-st)vet. This cottage was
then known as the " King-street
School," and is now a dwelling-house.
Some meetings were al.so htdd in the
First Bajitist Clnu'ch on the noi'th
side of Kintj-street. I'retence was
made m orderto mislead the in(jui.si-
tive, that the persons as.sembling wt:re
organizing a Alasonic Ividge of colored
people. But the most important pro-
ceeilings took place in what was
known as " No. :} Fngine House," a
wooden building neai' Mc(}regor's
Creek, erected liv Mr lloldeii and

of Kent :
oinciitioii
11 till- Stli
1 sliM-l.tly

/<'//.\- A'AWUCV /.\' CA.YADA.

otlltT fili'l'til llltll 'I'llr sketch of tilis

is u'ivi'ii l)y Mr. .1. M. .luncs from
iiit'iiiory.

It is ii i'fiiHirkiil)li' c'liiiici'lciici- that
Brown laiil liis plans in this ('liathtiin
Kin- lOnifiiit' llfill, ami was captiiri'd
in aiiotiit r tiri' hall at llarpi-r's Kri'iy.

'riio ("onvfiition mot on the Sth of
May, ISoS, at 10 a.iii, It liad l.ccn
conveni'<l liy notes from John Urown
to tliose whom lie tlesirnl to atteml.
'I'liere was scant ceremony at the open-
in^' procet'iliiifrs hy tht!se earnest men.
'I'hey were of two colors, Ipllt of one
miml, and all were e(|iial in deeree
and station here. No ci\ ic ad<lress of
welcome to the Canadian town, no
lioat of drum, or Hriiii; of ;;iiiis, was
heard. The place was riide ami un-
ailorned. ^'et the (»l)ject of the mem-
liers of this little [)arliament was to
nain freedom for four millions of
slaves. .Many of those iiere conveiiini''
had already done, in .self-sacritice and
in hrave ileeds, a fair share in the
work. The result was destined to
]iro\e a factor of historical importance
in the future of the American ]ieople

'i'lie foUowine' i.s a copy of one (jf
the invitations to attend:

Chatham, Ca.sada.

May 5tli, l.-<.':.8.
Mv Dkae Khiknp,

I li.ivo calk'il ii <iii'iil ( 'i>iiveiitii)ii in
this jilaio iif li->h' f^iolld^s of fiecdoni. ^ uur
fittL'iiilfiiu'i^ is eaiiiesllv rei| nested on the 10th
ilist. * * *

N'elir t'lielld,

.Ii)llN BhoW.N.

The motives causing- Brown to
choose this ( 'anadian town as the
place of nieetint; will lie olnious when
we re^'ard the ])ositioii. There were
at this time, as Mr. Hinton estimates,
seventy-Hve thou.sand colored people
in Canada, 'i'liis numlier was more
than were really here : I'ppor Canada
hcM 40,()(M): 'I'oronto, 1,-J()0. Some
of these citizens were in good cireum-
.stances, and were free-born : many of
them were intelligent, ami watching
with lively interest the state of affairs
in the Republic, relating to their race.

Settlements of iiiMnigiaiil negroes
had lieeti for a score or more of years
gradually growing in various parts of
the I'pper Province, among these lie-
ing Amherstbnrg, Colchester and Mai-
den on the western e.xtreniity. The
(jMieen's Hush in the townships of Peel
and Wellesley was an impoi'taut set-
tlement, containing many well-to-do
colored men. The cities of London,
Hamilton, and St. Catharines, had
their share. Dresden was an import-
ant centre, where .losiah lleiison, l)est
known as the "original I'nde Tom '
hehl patriarchal sway, and had, with
aid frcjiii Kii'dand and New l*'.nelaiid,
estalilished the Dawn Institute, or
Manual l>al)or School.

'I'lie Rev, William King had Ijeen
lal)oring at Huxton, near tlie shore of
l>aki' Krie, since 1.S4S: had foundeil
there, under the name of the KIgin As-
sociation, a modi'l colony, when; the
pool' fugitive came, weary and foot-
sore, from his race for freedom, found
sht'lter, ami made himself a home.

Near this was Chatham, the chief
town of the county of Kent, whose
rich soil and moderate climate lia<l at-
tracted many dusky immigrants. Not
a few of them hud become well-to-do
farmers. Others en<ra'''od in trade, or
labored as mechanics. Their children
were educated at the Wilberforce In-
stitute, a f'raded school. In this countv
especially was the problem being work-
ed out, as to the cajiacity of the African
to take e(|ual place with the Anglo-
Saxon in the race of civilization.
In addition to the educational facil-
ities, the colored folk of Chatham
had churches of their own, a news-
paper, conducted in their interest by
Mr. I. 1). Shadd, an accom])lished col-
ored man, and societies for social in-
tercourse and improvement, in which
their affairs v,-cre discussed, mutual
wants made known, and help provid-
ed. But there were also here and
elsewhere, at each centre of colored
jiopulation, meetings and discussions
of a more earnest character: Conduc-
toi-s of the "rndei-cround Railroad."

JOHN BROWN IN CANADA.

an orgaiii/ation whose intluence in aid
of tlio Hoeing slavi's, was t'olt from the
lakes ami St. Lawrence River to tlie
centre of the slave populations, were
often seen here. The " Leajjne of the
Ciileadites," as tii'st formed by Hrown
in l(Sol. enlisted in its ranks many a
conra^fcous, freedom loving man, and
had some members in Western Can-
a<!a. The name was taken from Jnd^as
vii. *{ : " Whosoever is fearfnl or afraid,
let him return and depart earl^' from
Mount Gilead." Members, when join-
ing; each band, agreed to ])rovide suit-

and an engine manned by col(a*ed
men. This town, bearing the name
of England's great Prime Minister,
was well chosen as the seat of the
Convention.

The writer has obtained nnich of
his infoi-niation as to the events de-
scribed in Canada, by in(|uiry from
persons who were parties to them, or
members of tin; Convention. To gain
this was not a matter of courst'. The
secrets which many of the old col-
ored men had were often of vast im-
jiortance to them in time of .slavery.

coi
of
thi
abi

to
th
th|
ani

gr.

^\\V. UK

(HAIIIAM (DNX KNIKIN, 1 S.")S.

able implements (meaning weapfins),
and to aid all colored peo{)le in gain-
ing freedom and resisting attack.

Such were .some of the elements that
then largely influenced the colored
people here. They were fairly indus-
trious, happy under British law, and,
as Brown afterwards found, the great-
er portion of them were so occupied
in .seeking a livelihood and compe-
tence, that they hesitated or I'efused
to risk many chances in a cause an<l
struggle the result of which was dim
and (ioubtful.

Not to lie behind their white neigh-
bors, they had a tire hall in Chatham,

They had escaped, sometimes with a
struggle, and even Ijloodsheil. Some
had boldly gone l)ack from their
Canadian homes, and guided kinsmen
or friends on the way to freedom.
Of the acts of daring so done there
was no open boasting. Seci'ecy Avas
for years expedient, and so became
habitual. A colored man of edu-
cation and position acknowledged
that he .still met this feeling when
making iuijuiries for the writer as to
the Convention. "I find it very diffi-
cult," he writes, " to obtain any infor-
mation from our people. We can not
blame them much, because, in the

JOHN BROWN IN CANADA.

by colored
Iff tilt' name
lie Minister,

seat of the

led much of
3 events de-
i<iuiry from
to them, or
)n. To ffuin
'ourse. The
;he old col-
1 of vast im-
j of shivery.

es witli a
■il. Some
•om their
ivinsmeii
freedom,
lone thei-e
creey Avas
o became
of edu-
lowledged
ing wlien
riter as to
very <litfi-
\\\\ iiifor-
e can not
W, in the

course of two hundred and fifty years
of intercourse with the Anglo-Saxon,
they have not formed a very favor-
able opinion of him. When it comes
to prying into the old-time secrets,
they always think there is a cat in
the meai, so you nnist make allow-
ance and bear with them."

And now we return to the Conven-
tion. The leading spirit was John
J-Jrown, a man with well-set muscidar
form, of average size. Iiis hair prema-
turely grey, closely trimmed and low
on the forehead. His eyes bluish-
grey, were, when he warmeil in
speech, full of tire. His face, with
beard unshaven, and covering a stroiii^,
scjuare mouth, with broad and jirom-
inent chin. His general appeai'anee
is thus descrilied liy Frederick ])t)Ug-
la.ss and others. He was born on the
9th of May, 1800, of blue, New Kng-
land V)lood, with descent from Petei-
Brown, who came in the MayHower
to Plymouth Rock in l(i:20 ; lived in
Duxbury, near the hill where Miles
Standish's hou.se was built, and where
his monument niay now be seen.
John Bi'own was of (,'alvinistic creed,
and with a tendency to fatalism . v.'itli
the taciturnity, wariness and contem]it
of danger of a Mohawk ; an admirer
of Theodoi-e Parker, Wendell Philli])s,
Kmei'son and Sunnier, apostles of
Kmancipation and op])oiients of South-
ern aggression. He was of great
natural intelligence, and well read,
especially in history, but not college-
bred. He had travelled in Europe,
and was interested in foreign atl'airs.
He was full of affection to his family,
and ever constant to his friends. But
the cause of liberty had the foi-emost
])lace in his heart and soul. Quoting
from Cowper, he could say :

" 'Tis liberty nldiie tliiit gives tlie Hitwer
Of rifHtiiis,' life its lustre ami ])erfumo,
.\ii(l we lue weeds without it."

It was not of his own choice that he
left his farm, and went into the
bloody arena. One who met him be-
fore the Harpei's Feriy aft'ai)', wrote :
" Stranger than fiction have been his

escapes and exploits in Kansas. Com-
bining the gentlene.'-s of a Christian,
the love of a patriot, and the skill
and boldness of aeonnuander, whether
ending his career in the(iuiet of home,
or bl(K)dy strife, the freeman of Kan-
sas will hallow his memorv, and his-
tory will name him the Cromwell (jl
our Border War.s.*

He was of earnest and stern re-
solve, brave and true. Brown's sons
iidierited his Spartan spirit. With
six of them, and a son-in-law, he had
done a hero's part to .save Kansas,
anil now he proposed to formulate
bold plans for the future, before trust-
ed adherents.

John Henry Kagi was a lawyer by
profession, and full of /.eal in the cause.
He was his leader's right hand in
Kansas and in the Convention. He
aided in drawing the Con.stitutinn.
He returneil to the West, was in the
raid in Mi.ssoui'i, and ended his life at
Harper's Ferry. Capt. John F. Cook
was from Indiana, well connected,
and much trusted by Brown. He
al.so fell in the final contest in Vir-
ginia. Owen Brown was the son of
John Brown. Richard Realf was an
Knglish Chartist, of good literary
ability. Reynolds was an active mem-
ber of the (lileadite, or liberty Leiigue.

The Convention was called to order
by Mr. Jackson, on whose motion
the Rev. William C. Monroe, a colored
ministi'r fi'om Detroit, was chosen
President, and Capt. Kagi was elected
Seci'etary. .Mr. Prown then jiroceeded
to state at length the object of the
meeting, and the ])ropo.sed ]dan of
action, and jircsented a paper entitled
■' Provisional Constitution and (Ordi-
nances for the People of the Cnited
States." Before this, on motion by
Mr. Kennard, secomled by Mr. De-
laney, a parole of honor was taken
by all the members, who each de-
clared ; " Isiilemnly atHrm that I will
not, in any way, dividge any of the
■secrets of this ( 'onvi'ution, except to
the per.>-ons entitled to know the

•Koilii.ilh's Lit'i' of Hrowii,]!. 225.

JOHN IIROU'N fX CANADA.

saiiif, on till- iiiiiii of t'orrcitint;' the
I'cspcct anil |irott'ction of this ornani-
/.atioii."

Tht," plan unt'olilcd souylit no war
ol' o i'cnct' a;nainst- the Sontli, l)ut to
I'cstorc ti) the AlVican race its natu-
i-al rights, and to cnahk' it to v\\-
I'orcf and maintain tlifin ; not nc^ro
snpn'niacy, hnt eiti/t-nshi]). 'I'Iutc

•^^^^v^^^s^sVli;'"

was nmcli iliscnssion oviT the aiticlu
tinaliy adopted as \o. X L\M., wliicdi
was as Follows: "The foiv"oinijf ar-
ticlfs shall not bf constrvicMl so as in
any way to encouniov the ovfi'thi'ow
of any State (Jovornnient, or the <;"en-
fi'al (lOVcrnuK'nt ol" the I'^nited States,
and look to no dissolution ol" the
I'nion, l)ut simply to amendment and
repeal, and our lla*;' shall he the same
that our lathers t'onuht for under the
Ivevolution.

Article XI^NIl I. provided that vwvy
ortieer connected with the oryani/a-
tion slioiild make solemn oath to abide
by the Constitution, and so with each
citi/en and soldier, l>efore bein<;- en-
rolled.

Amone' the chief speakers were,
•Idhn l-!i'own, and ^lessi's. Delaney,
KaL;i,Kennard, Reynolds. Owen Hrown,
Kealf and Jones. On motion of .lohn
ih'own, a resolution was passed ap-
pointinjj,' himself, with J. H. Ivayi.
Richard Healf, 1. T. Parsons, 0. V.
Tidd, ('. Whipple. ('. W. Motiat, John
K. Cook, Owen iirown, Stewaiil 'i'ay-
lor, Osborne W Anderson, A. M. Ellis-
worth, Richard Richardson, W. H.
Lehman, and John Lawi'ence, a com-
mittee to whom was dele<i'ateil thi-
])ower of the Convention to till all of-
fices named in the constitution which
sliould become vacant. When the Har-

per's Ferry affair took place, Thomas
v. Carey was chairman, ami 1. I).
Shadd and M. I'', liailey were secre-
taries of this connnittee. 'I'he mem-
bers of the Convention stayed about
two weeks in Chatham. John IJrown
and Kai^i \isite<l other Canadian towns
also, to see coloure<| men, ami to inter-
est them in the yrand project.

S(jme months before the Conven-
tion, ^ir. hJrown visited Toronto and
held meetines with them in Tem])ei'-
ance Hall, and also met many at the
house of the late Mr. Holland, a col-
or(.'(l man, on (^)ueen-sti'eet west. ( )n
one occasion. Captain iSi'own remain-
ed as a iruest with his friend Dr. A.
M. Hoss, who is distin>;nished as a
naturalist, as well as an intrepid aboli-
tionist, who risked his life on several
occasions in excursions into the South
to enable slaves to Hee to Canada. Dr.
Ross has been honored with titles and
decoi'ations from st^veral European
o-ovei'innents on account of his valu-
able contributions to science, but.
above all the.se, he prizes the fact that
he was the trusted friend of John
ISrown.

Dl'. i^oss speaks of the hei'o with
the <leepest love and admiration. He
de.scril)es him as walkinj^' with noise-
less tread, his eyes intent and watch-
fid, and body bent .somewhat forwai-d,
ar if in search of an object: his
speech well-ouarded — all this the ef-
fect of the life of daneer he had led
with a reward offered foi- his head,
ihit in the evenine' at the Doctor's
house, reserve wa. thrown oil', as he
<'onvei'.sed with the few fViends who
wen- calle<| in, and when the childiens
hour came, the oi-im warrior was all
smiles, and the little ones "athered
around him as he tolil tln.'m stories and
made "shadow rabbits" on the wall,
and then, kneelinj;' on the carpet, help-
ed them to build block ' mses. Dr.
Hoss saw him on l)oard the steamer
bound for Niagara, on a Monday
mornine- about the middle of May,
when IJrown liaile him an atlectionate
adieu, took out a " Vork shillinii, ' and

liani

and

nieiil

to si

treal

nios|
1]

atel

deatl

tioiil

netiJ

attrl

of )u|

city

lie ei

estii

sens

or ii

Vhu-i-. Tli(.iii;i.s
"111, and I. 1).
It\\- weiv .soc'i'i'-

t'l'. 'I'llc Illt'Ill-

I (Stayed al.out

•'olin Brown
'fuiadian towns
i>,aii<l to iiiter-
)i'o.jcct.

' the (\jn\cii-
i Toronto and
i'"i in Toniiu'r-
t many at tlic
Holland, a c-ol-
• '<'t wost. On
i'<»\vn ivniain-
IVicnd l)i-. A.
iMiiislicd jis .,
•iti-cpid al)oli-
liff on several
iito the South
> Canada. Di-.
■ith titles and
•I I Kuropeaii
t>r his valu-
science, hut,
the fact that
'lid oF John

e liei'o with
iiation. He

with noisc-
; and watfh-
hat forwai'd,
"hjeet; his
this the ef-

he had led
r his head.
Ik- Doctor's

II (>li; as he
riends who
i_e children's
ior was all
s ^athei'ed
•stories and
'1 the wall,
ii'pt't, helj)-
nisos. I )r.
It' steainei'
I Monday
3 of Way,
ft'ectionate

/OJ/N UROWN IN CANADA.

handed it to him, sayinfj,

and whenever \-(>u see it, ^-ou

nieniljer John Bi-own."

Keep this, iitibctioiwite letter. I am sorry your ctluits to
j.^.. reach tliisiil.ice liave Ipueii unavailing. 1 thank
It is needless ^"" *'•"' y'""' f'''t''f"'i>'^'«^. ''""l the assurance
f,, ^.i,- +l,..f fl, V,n-\ .;i. • • yu «ive me that my jKior and deeply atHicted

to sa) that the ittle sdver j.iece is family will he ,,.ovi,led for. It takes fr.-ni
treasured hy the Doctor as one of his my mind the 1,'reatust cause of sadness 1 have
most valued ])ossossions.

Di-. Ross had Unown Brown intim-
ately for three years ])revious to his
death. " His manner and convei-s.i-
tioa." says the Doctor, " had a mai.f-

netic influence, which rendered him _9/ ^ ^

attractive,and stamped himas a man 'J^'^^^C^^.^^^-L.^f

experienced since my imprisonment. In a
few hours I .shall he in another and hetter
state of existence. T feel (piite cheerful, and
ready to die. My dear friend, do not give
up your Ial)ors for '-the poor that cry. and
them that are in bonds."

/->-.

liarlest<in Jail, \'a.

I)eiendper 1st. lS."i'.(.

hei'e t(i jtrive a short

of more than ordinary coolness, tena
city of jiui-pose.aiiil de\otion to what
he considered rioht. He was, in my
estimation, a C'hristian, in tlu' full
sense of that word. No idle, ] rofane,
or innnodest word fell from his lijjs. <'li
H" was dee]ily in earnest in the work,
in which he helieved himself a special It may lie wel

instrument in the hands of CJod." He account of Brown's three leadino- suji-
had for many 3-ears been studyino' the poi'ters at the CVinvention : - I'^irst
unerilla system of warfare, adopted came John Heniy Kaoi. of old N'iroinia
in tin- mountainous portions of Spain stock, attractive" in person, and nPani-
and the Caucasus, and, in a I'uder man- mated, even niaoiu'tic address. He
ner, hy the Maroons of Jamaica, and had, our author states, just jiased the
by that system he thought he could, seventh month of his twenty-lourth
with a small In^dy of picked men, in- year, when slain at Harpei-'s Fevi-y.
auourate and maintain a neji'ro insur- "He had more the a|)])earance of a

divinity student than a wai'rioi' ' His
languaife was ele(;'ant, his depoitnu'iit
unassailable : his habits, strictly tem-
perate ; kiinl in his feelino-s to every-
one, especially to children, whose con-
fidence he ac(|uircil at first acipiaint-
Hiic . ' Mr. Hiiiton oraphically recalls

rection in the mountains of Viroinia,
more successful than that of the Ro-
man S])a.rtacus, and cau.se so nuicli
annoyance to the United States( iovern-
nient, and dread in the minds of slave-
holders, that they wouM ultimately l)e

<4'lad to " let the oppressed ^o free.' ^...,,

The Doctor also has the orioiual of his friend as a man of pei-sonal' beaut\-
the remarkably prophetic lines which with a tine, well-shaped head, a xoic-
John Brown wrote, just before lu '" " ' "' "

led out to die on the followino' (

was of eentle, sweet tones, that could be

penetratiu"
shai'pness.

and euttiny, too, almost to

CiiAHr.KsTowN, Va., sliaipne.ss. The eyes large, full, well-

Decemlier, 2, 1859. set, luizel-grey in coloi', irride.sceiit in
I, John IJruwn, am now ,/,/(■/,■ caUui that light and effect. Mental' "
tile crnnes of this \\n\li\f hndl will never he
washed away except with much Itlood. I

lino-,

ana

had, as I now think, \aiiily tlatterod myself,
that without much lilood.shed it niiylit "be
done."

John Hkow.v.

Dr. Ross has n. farewell letter, writ-
ten to him by John Brown the day
befoi'e his execution It is as follows :

IMv Dkai! FiiiKNn—CH]itain .\ vis, my jail-
er, has jiust handed me your most kind and

y, he w;is the
ablest of tho.se who supported Bi'own
in council, and followed liim to Har-
per's Fei-iy. (ieoi'o-e B. (Jill, who was
associated with Kagi in the cause, said
of him: — "In mental Helds, he pos-
sessed abundant and ingenious iv-
.sources. He was full of a wonderful
vitality. His was a model dispt)sition.
No strain or stress could shake his un-
rutHed ,seivnit\-. His b rtilitv of re-

JOHN BROWN IN CANADA.

soui'cos iiijido liiiii Ji towLT of strength
to John Brown. "

Next in iinportunct' to Captfiin
Kagi WHS Captuin .lohn K Cook, lioni
in 18;i(), of Pnritan ancestry, at Hail-
dani, Coinieetier.t. He was tlms ile-
sci'il)e(.l when in his cell, tVoni wlience
he was taken to tlie gallows : " His
long silken hlotide hair curled care-
lessly aliout h s neck : his dec^p blue
eyes were gentle in expression as a
woman's, and hissliiditly l>ronzed com-
plexion did not conceal the soi't ett'em-
inate skin that would have ljelittt;d
tlie i'entler sex. He was smni. in
stature, nervous and impatient." Mr.
Hinton, who knew him well, says,
" ( ook never laekeil tin- courage which
Nap(jleon ti'riiied the ' thive o'clock in

from the millions who have but just
cast aside the fitters and shackles that
bound them. But ere that day ar-
rives, I fear that we shall hear the
crash, the battle shock, and see the
red glare of the cannon's lightning.
.... Inclo.sed, 3'ou will find a few
rioweis that I gathered in my rambles
alxnit town. "

On the .'h'd of ■'uly, 18.")!), he writes,
" I shall start Uj) among the mountains
to gaze n])on the grand and beautiful.
.... Cioil s blessed air sweeps over
Liiem, and the winds, as it were,
breathe a mournful song of liberty. . . .
Time passes slowly, as I idle thus.
Heart ami .soul are all absorbed in the
thought of what I owe my country
and mv < iod . . . . 'ro-morrow is the

iiioi'ning. Cook formed the plan

- >s^-

th<

for ca])turing J^nvis uasnnigton. and
obtaining his historical rtdics. He
also advocated the seizure of Harper's
Ferry, wanted to burn the buildings
and railway bridges, carrying oti'such
United States arms as their means of
transpoi't would allow " He went
with Urown from Canada to Cleve-
land. Writinir soon after the conven-
tion, he said : 'The jiros])ects of our
cause are growing brighter and
brighter. Through the dai-k gloom
of the future I almost fancy I can see
the dawning light of freedom break-
ing through the midnight darkne.ss of
wrong and oppression. I can almost
hear the swelling anthem of liberty

Fourth ! the glorious day which saw
our i-'reedom's birth, but left .sad hearts
beneath the slave lash and clanking
chain .... 1 feel self-condemned when
I think of it. The contents of the
cup may be hitter, but it is our duty ;
let us drain it to the very dregs."

On the 10th of August, he wrote in
a like exalted strain, enclosing some
stanzas, beginning :

" We see tlu! t^atlu-ring teiiipt^st in tlie sky.

We see the hliick clnuds a.s ;iln g tliey rull,

We see fnnii outtliegldonitlielijlituiiiiisriy,

O'ertlimwiug all who wuulil their cnurse

contriil."

Aaron Dwight Stevens had been a
subaltern in the United States army,
when an otKci-r unjustly treattd a pri-

vate,

cruel 1.^

came

down

worthi

ceal
ISrowiI

pie,

Hisgil

tionar]

served

gallanl

afterwl

and Ai

he ue.i

himsel

Kaw 1

men :

name.

in his

ticned

brilliai

and lit

lifive but just
111 sluicklt's that
' that day nv-
shall hear the
c, and see the
on's liglitniiijf.
11 Hiul a few

in Tiiy rambles

So!), he writes,
the mountains
and beautiful,
sweeps over
, as it were,
;• of liberty. . . .
s I idle thus,
bsorbed in the
3 my country
lorrow is the

which saw

tt sad hearts
lid claiikini;-
emneil wIhmi
tents of the

s our duty ;

.Iress."

he Wrote in
'losing some

st ill tlio sky,

g tliey mil,

!li!J!lltniIl^'st^y,

their iciurso

had been a
tates army,
eati d a pri-

JOHN BROWN IN CANADA.

vate, ami was about to punish him
cruelly. Stevens witne.ssinj; this, be-
came iiidi<;iiant, knocked the otiicer
<lown and des(Mted from Fort Leaven-
worth. He channfed his m Mie to con-
ceal his identity, and when with
I'lrown, was known as Charli's Whip-
ple. He was a native of Connecticut,
rlis great grandfather was a revolu-
tionary officer, and his grandfather
served in the war of KSl'i. He fought
gallantly in the Mexican war, and
afterwards iielped to keep the Xavajo
and Apache Indians in check. When
he deserte<l, he, for a time, concealed
himself among the Delawares on the
Kasv River, then johied the Free Soil
men in Kansas uiuler his a.ssuiiie;i
name. lie stood six feet two inches
in his stockings, and was well propor-
tioned. His eye was restless and
brilliant. His (jualities were soldierly,
and he would have won fame under
happier auspices

He was prone to hast}' anger and
])assionate action, the " Simon Peter "
of the part}', and this sometimes called
for rebuke from his leadi-r, who, on
the day of his death, wrote him as
follows :

CHARLK.STON PRISON, 2iul Dec, 1859.
John Bkown to Aakon D. Stevens,

" He that is slow to anger is lietter than
the mightj , anil he that ruleth his .spirit than
he that taketh a city." — SaUnnnn.

The iiint, .so singularly given, had
the effect, perhaps, of aiding Stevens
in curbing his temper during his te-
dious trial and imprisonment, rnlike
his leader, Stevens had not the Chris-
tian faith to coiLsole him. " lie died,"'
.says Mr. Hintoii, " a devoted Sjiirit-
ualist, believing ab.solutely in the
immortality of life." It would l;een-
ci'oaching too much on the biogra})her,
and would be beyond my present
scope, were I to attempt more at length
to depict tlie strong, .sterling charac-
ters, of both colors, drawn together liy
the wonderful magnetism of our hero.

Only one colored man of remark-
able courage niay be mentioned.

Shields (Jreen, 'with Conffo face, lii"'
misplaced words and huge feet, knew
instinctively what courageous man-
hood nu'ant,"' writes the narrator.
When Frederick Dougla.ss turned from
Ih'own after his la.st interview, he met
(Jreen .md told him he could go with
him to Roclie.ster. The black man
glanced back at the figure of his leader,
bowed under the pain of Douglass'
refu.sal, and simply a,sked, " Is he
going to stay." " Ves," said Douglass,
" Well I guess I goeswid de old man,"
was the decision. When Brown was
in the thick of the Harper's Ferry
tight, CJreen came, under fire, with a
message to Osborne Anderson and
Hazlett at the arsenal, when Anderson
told him he had better retreat with
them. " Vou thin'u der's no chance,
Osborne f he said. " Not one, " was
the reply. ' And de old Captain
can't iret awav ' ' "No," said both
men. " Well, 1 gue.ss I'll go back to
de old man.'" And .so he vent into
the very jaws i)f death, and tinallv
died a brave martvr's death, at Char-
lestown. Not last on the scroll of
fame will be enrolled the luinie of
this single-hearted freedman.

Some other members of the Chatham
Convention, in addition to the Browns
and his lieutenants just described,
were from the Cnited States, but
many of them were then Canadian
residents. John Brown was chosen
Commander-in-Chief: J. H. Kagi,
Secretary of War : Alfred W. Hlls-
worth and Osliorne P. Anderson,
iMembers of Congress: Owen Brown,
Treasurer: ( leorge B. (lill. Secretary
of the Trea.surer : and Richard Realf,
Secretary of State.

Mr. J. M. Jones, Mr. Isaac Holdeii.
and .Mr. Hunttjn, were, it is thought, the
only inemljers of the Convention sur-
viving, until a late date, in Canada.
They lived in Chatham, where Messrs.
Hunton and H olden died recently,
Mr. Holden was a merchant and
surveyor, and Brown resided in his
house during his vi.sit. Mr. Jones is
a skilled gunsmith and engraver, and

/OHX IIROWX L\ LAX A DA.

!i .liistifi' i>f the I'fiice for lii.s county.
He is a nfiti\col Haloij:!!, Xoi'tli C'ai'o-
lina, iind was cilucateil at Obcrlin,
Ohio, M-railuatiii^- in tlit- class of 1!S4!).
Particulars of this historical event,
stated by Mr. .lones mainly, hut con-

.1. M. .lONES.

tiruied by Mi'. Holden and Mr. Hun-
ton, will be interestinff. Most of
these were committed liy Mr. Jones to
paper a few years after the Conven-
tion was held. " Mr. Brown," .says
Ml'. .loiKis, "called almost daily at my
gunshop, and spoki' freely of the <>'reat
sul)ject that lay upperiucst in his
mind. He sulimitted his ])lans, and
only askeil for their ajijiroval by the
Convention." One evenin<j the i|ues-
tion came up as to svliat Hafr should
be used; our Knylish colored .sulijects,
who had been naturalized, said they
wtaild never think of flighting under
tlie hated 'Stars and Stripes.'

"Too many of them thouf^jht they
carried their emblem on their 1 packs.
But Brown .said the old tla^ was ^ood
enough for him : under it, freedom
had been won from the tyrants of the
old woi'ld, for white men ; now he in-
tended to make it do duty
for lilack men. He declared
emphatically that he would
not give up the Stars an-'
Stripes. That settled tie
<|uestion."

Some one pi'oj)osed the
admi.ssion of women as
members, but Brown stren-
uously opjio.sed this, and
warned the members not
to intimate, even to their
wives, what was done.

J)urin<>- one of the sit-
tings, Mr. Jone.s had the
floor, and di.scus.sed the
chances of the success or
failure of the slaves rising
to support the plan pro-
po.scd. Mr. Brown's .scheme
was to fortify some place
in the mountains, and call
the slaves to rally under his
colors. Jones exjtressed
fear that he would l)e
disappointed, because the
slaves did not know
enough to rally to his
support. The American
slaves, Jones argued, were
ilifferent from those of
the West India island of San Dom-
ingo, whose successful uprising is
matter of history, as they had there
imbilied some of the impetuous char-
acter of their French ma.sters, and
were not so over-awed 1)y white men.
" Mr. Brown, no douljt thought," .says
Mr. Jones, " that I was making an im-
pression on some of the members, if
not on him, for he arose suddenly and
remarked, ' Friend Jones, vou will
please say no more on that side.
There will be plenty to defend that
side of the ([Uestion.' A general laugh
took place.

'■ One day in my shop 1 told him

how utte
be if he
with tllr
that we
white mi
criHce th
black 111
Mr. Brov
his hanil
custom w
subject,
bringing
great foi
Ma.ster
Heaven
altar I'oi
the race
worm, no
under hi
sacrifice
look of d
sinned hi!

' In al
1 had wi
stay in C
a month,
a smile 1
teiiiince.
always in
thought.

"J. K. I
me a mo
repairing
other arn
party. 1
told me
were in K
P>order 1
son Fred
■ When '
Cook, 'W(
man lyiiij
He was ^
his uncle
fell, ridd
The old 1
dead ho]
then raisi
ward, sail
now they
forward \
event ha
on Mr. >

JOHN IIROWX IN CANADA.

II tli(Mi<i[lit tlu'y
oil their liiieks.
M Ha^ was ^food
cr it, Fivi'iloiii
o tyrants of the
ii'U ; now lie in-
lakf it do duty
I'll. He doclurcd
y that he wouM
tile Stars an-'
liat settled t'le

B proposed the
ot" woiiieii as
it Brown stivn-
)osed tills, and
.' iiienihers not
, even to tlieir
; was done.
)iie of tlie sit-
Jones had tlie
ili.scusHed the
tii(! succe.ss or
he slaves risintr
tlie plan ])ro-
Brown's .sclieine
ify some plaee
ntains, and call
rally under iiis
les expres.sed
lie would l)e
because the
not know
rally to his
he American
relied, were
Jill those of
of San Doni-
I uiirising is
ipy had ther<>
if)etuous char-
masters, and
ly whiti' men.
thoun^ht," says
naking an im-
; iiieniliers, if
suddenly and
lies, you will
m that siiie.
defend that
i^-eneral laugh

>p 1 told him

how utterly hopeless his plans would
l)e if ho persisted in iiiakingan attack
with the few at his coniniaiid, and
that we could not afford to sjiare
white men of his stamp, ready to sa-
crifice their lives for the .salvation of
black men. While I was .speakiiif^,
Mr. Brown walked to and fro, with
his hands behind his back, as was his
custom when thinking on his favorite
subject. He sto))ped suddenly, and
liringing down his right haml with
great force, exclaimed : 'Did not my
Ma.ster .le.sus Christ come down from
Heaven and .sacrifice Hiiii.self ujion the
altar for the salvation of
the race, ami should I, a
worm, not worthy to crawl
under his feet, refuse to
.sacrifice myself :' ' With a
look (jf determinaticm he re-
sumed his walk.

" In all the conversations
I had with him during his
stay in Chatham (jf nearly
a month, I never once saw
a smile light up his coun-
tenance. He .seemed to be
always in deep and earnest
thought.

■'.I. Iv Cook worked with
me a month, cleaning and
repairing the revolvers and
other arms belonging to the
party. During this fiiiiie he
told me that while they
were in Kansas ti(Thtin<>' the
Border Kufhans, Brown's
son Frederick was icilled.
• When we arrived,' .said
Cook, 'we found the young
man l^diig dead on the road.
He was going to a barn on
his uncle's farm when he
fell, riddled with bullets.
The olil man looked on his
dead boy for a moment,
then raising hiseyesheaven-
ward, said, ' By tlie Eternal,
now they have done it, and from this
forward they will pay for it.' This
evt^nt hail a ti.\ed and lasting eft'ect
on Mr. Brown : and from this time

on 1 never saw a smili' on his l.icr.
• A i|Uestioii as to the time for mak-
ing till' aftack came up in the Con-
vention. Some ailvocated that we
should wait until the I'liited Stales
became involved in war with sonif
tirst-cla.ss power : that it would bf n''.\t
to madness to plunge into a strife for
the al)olition of slavery while the
(lovernment was at peace with other
nations. Mr. Brown li.stened to the
ari>'um> -.t for so.iie time, then slowlv
aro.s(! to his full height, and saiil : ' Mr.
Chairman, I am no traitor : I woul<l l»e
the last one to take advantatre of m\-

ISAAC IHii.i>i;.\,

of a foreign foe.'

country in the fjic(

He seemed to rig'ar

suit. That settird tie' matter in mv

mind that John lirowii was not insaiif.

It as a great iii-

lOHN imOWN IN CANADA.

" III liis conversation iliiriii<f liis stuy
heiv, lit' ii|i|K'iirfil iiitt'iisi'ly Aiiicricun.
He never tor a inoiiH'iit tlioii^flit of
ti;^litini;' till' I'liitcd States, assiicli, l)iit
.siniitly the det'emlei-s ol' slavery in the
States. Only the ulcer, slavery, he
would cut t'roiii the hody ]>olitie.

"Mr. lirown called I e tore the 'nst
ineetin;^, and induced Mr. .Jones, who
had not attended all the sittin<rs, to
come to that, as the Constitution must
be siifiied, ami \w. wished his name to
hf on the roll ot honor. As the ])aj)er
was presented for siuimture, lirown
said ' .Now, friend .lones, jfive us .lohn
Hancock, hold and strong'.' 1 replied
that I thouffht it would reseniMe
Stephen Hopkins. The reference was
to the dirt'erence in the two sifriuitures
in the Amei'ican Declaration of Inde-
pendence — the one lar<j;e and hold, the
other that of a shaking hand.

"John Brown, never, I think," said
Mr. Jones, "conuiiunicated his whole
plan, even to his immediate followers.
In his conversations with me lie led
me to think that he intended to sacri-
fice himself and a few of his follow-
ers for the puri)ose of arousing the
people of the North from the stupor
they were in on this subject. lie
seemed to think such sacrifice neces-
sary to awaken the people from the
deep sleep that had settled upon the
minds of the whites of the North.
He well knew that the sacrifice of
any number of negroes would have
no effect. What he intended to do,
so far as I could gather from his lon-
ver.sation, from time to time, was to
emulate Arnold Winkelried, the Swiss
Chieftain, when he threw him.self
upon the Austrian spearsmen, crying,
' Make way for Liberty.' If that
was his real object, the event that fol-
lowed justified lii.s design, lie had
said to another friend, ' It is nothing
to die in a good cause, but an eternal
disgrace to sit still in the jireseiice
of the barbarities of American Slav-
ery.

The plan of campaign, as promul
gated at Chatham, was, to use the

mountains and swam|>s of Virginia as
places into which sla\es could be in-
liueed to escape, and there await the
issue.

Kagi jjointed out a chain of coun-
ties exteiidinif throuirh South Caro-
,'iiui, ( leorgia, Alaliama and Missis-
sippi, well titted to receive and conceal
refugees. With the ai<l of (Canadian
negroes, who were expected to join in
large numbers, these places wei'e to be
fortified and manned. They would so
become centres of moral force, and
strategic points from which, in time,
attacks could be made and re]irisals
secured.

The Constitution adopted was in-
tended as a framework for organiza-
tion. l»rown had propo.sed to found
several .schools in which to train young
men in military tactics, and especially
in rifle |)ractice. One of these was
to be at Chatham, ami Mr. C. Whipple
(Stevens) was to be di'ill instructor.
Mr. Brown did not over-estimate the
state of education of the colored peo-
ple. He knew that they would need
leaders, and require training. His
great hope was that the struggle
would be supported by volunteers
from Canada, educated and accus-
tomed to self-government. He looked
on our fugitives as picked men of
sufficient intelligence, which, com-
1 lined with a hatred to the South,
would make them wiling abettors of
any eiiter])ri.su destined to free their
race.

There were some earnest abolition-
ists in Canada, who, while they
admired his bravery and self-devotion,
j'et doubted the wisdom of his plan.
Among these were the Hon. (.ieorge
Brown, of the Toronto (iluhe, who
regarded his namesake as of too Quix-
otic a t^-pe, and the Rev. W. King, of
Buxton, who was ajiproached for his
sanction, but declined to attend the
C'(jnveiition.

His influence would have been of
weight with his colored friends and
former pupils in obtaining recruits.

It was soon found that the proceed-

ings
known
Washiii
of the
CUJse
Kansas
had in
attack
citing
rise, wa
The rai(
the ,spu
rescued
describe
tain
hcheme
and wor
the moi
United
F'erry i

<»f Virf^inia as
s couM hv, iii-
erc await tlu'

liaiii ol' coun-
i S'nitli Caro-
II and Missis-
ve and conceal
of (.'anailian
cted to join in
ices were to be
Tlu'V wonid MO
ral t'orct', and
vliicli, in tinif,
■ ami rcjirisals

opteil was ni-
I'or (jrn-iiniza-
osi'd to Found
1 to tniin yountj
, and especially
■ oi' these was
Mr. ('. \Vliii)ple
I rill instructor,
•r-estiniate the
he colored peo-
ley would need

if. His
the strue-o'le
y volunteers
ami accus-
nt. He looked
eked men of
which, coni-
to the South,
>g- abettors of
to free their

•st abolition-
while they
self-devotion,
n of his plan.
Hon. (Jeorj^e
o ( J tube, who
s of too Quix-
\V. Kin<if, of
ached for his
to attend the

(lave been of
friends and

hlX recruits,
the proceed-

/()//N /,'/<>-> fry /.v c.w.\n.\

in^s at Chatham had been made
known to tlu^ i>ro-slav(>ry lulers at
Washinf^ton. News of the massacre
of the MaraiH des Oygnes was the
cause of iJrown's speedy return to
Kansas, so that the plan which he
had in contemplation in (.'anaila, the
attack on Harpto's Kerry, an<l the in-
citing of the blacks in Virginia to
rise, was laid aside till October, lH.")!t.
The raid into Missouri, the " battle of
the .spurs," and the carrying ol the
rescued slaves to Windsor, alreaily
described, took place meanwhile. ( 'ap-
tain Hx'own, in time, laiil aside his
scheme of forming a place of refuge,
and working out from it, and adopted
the more flaring plan of .seizing the
Tnited States' arsi'ual at Harper's
Ferry in Virginia : and .so striking
terror into the slave power l»y show-
ing that its .stronghold might be
broken into, and a,ssaults .successfully
made at its mo.st ancient and central
domain, as well as in outlying Mis-
souri. Large supplies of guns, pik(ss
and ammunition were jmrchased, and
stealthily conveyed to the Ketniedy
farm, a short distance from the Fi'rry.
This (piiet place was rented for the
j)urpose, and here Brown and his fol-
lowei's gathered. The sum of i?l,o()()
was furnished by Mr. George li.
Stearns, of Boston, and spent in ])ro-
curing supplies, and otherwise prepar-
ing for the contemplated attack. Pap-
ers showing exactly how this mone}'
was spent, and that it was used in the
manner intendetl by tlie donors, are in
the hands of Dr. Ross. Attacks on
Brown's character have recently been
made in regard to this fund by some
who think it manly to bark at ihe
dead lion. While such slanders can-
not reach him, they are sorely felt by
worthy members of Brown's family
and personal friends still living, whose
reverential love is unabated, and who
know of a certainty that the old war-
rior's honor rests as unsullied as his
courage is undisputeii.

The cut of pike and gun given ex-
actly represents those used at Harp-

er's Ferry, and is taken fn.m weHpons

in Ih'. i^)ss' po --'sion.

On the tenln of Octobei , IH.*)!',
hi'own's i>lans f<»i' attack were com-
plete. Aluiut this time, Dr. Hoss re-
ceived the following note : -

Cm AMIIKKSIII l((i, I'kn.n.,

(Ui. (ith, iHiVJ.
|)KA1! Ki{iKNi> I slmll i/Ki''' iil)i)Ut tln^ end
(if tliJM iiiiiiitli. Ciiii yell lioli) till' ciiu.su 111
till' wiiy ppiiiiised. Adilross your reply tw
IsjDif Siiiitli, Cliitiiilieisliiii^', I'miii.
Ymir friiiiiil,

.loiiN Bkow.n.

The town of Harper's Ferry is about
tifty-three miles north-west from
Washington, at the conHuence of the
Shenaiidoah with the Potomac. The
lilue Ridge of the Alleghanies rises
"•raiidlv on one side The Baltimore and
Ohio railway spans the Potomac here.
It was the site of the L'nited States
armoury and ar.senal, and witnessed
various struggles during the late civil
war. It was against this unsuspect-
ing stronghold that the wild move-
ment was to be made.

As organized, on paper, by Brown,
his force was to be ilivided into four
companies, each comjiosed of .seventy-
two officers and men. Each company
was to be sub<livided into corporal-
guards of seven men each, with their
subaltern. Two such bands made a sec-
tion of sixteen meji, undt-r a .sergeant.
While at the Kennedy farm, Hrown
ami Kagi were visited l)y Frederick
Douglass, who was informed of the in-
tention of taking the Ferry and arsenal.
He opposetl it with all the arguments
at his command, but found that Brown
was not to be shaken from his pur-
{)ose. " ( )ur talk was long ami earnest,"
said Douglass. ' We spent the most of
Satui-day and a part of Sunday in this
debate, — Brown for Harper's Ferry;
and 1 against it : I for the policy of
gradually drawing oti" the slaves to the
mountains, as at first suggested and
proposed by him." Brown was im-
movable and Mr. Douglass left, after
a friendly parting, never to see the old
hero again.

WHien the attack was made, oidy

/('//A /;A-(>ir.y /.\ Canada.

t\Vfiity-t\V(i nii'ii liail i-nlistfil iit, tlic
Kt'iiiii'<ly t'anii, ol' \s Iikiii SliicMs ( Jiccii,
Diui^nTticld Newliy, .liiliii 7\ ('i))H'-
laiul, Osljofiic I' AiMlcrsoii, W. II.
L<!Hi'y, iind .li liii Aiiilcrsdii, were col-

OIMmI IIICI).

TlicMMliir-.r tlic ITtli OctoliiT, IM.')!),
i.s now u iiiiitttc n|' history. It ii'iiilrs
tliiit Hrowii with his iittli' cninjoiny.
actiiiilly ('u|)tm('i| the I'Vsny )iii<l iir
Heiml, and sriit a t.lirill ol' tVar lliiou^'li
the whole south. In \'ii'f,'inia, the loss
in till' \alnc ol' sla\rs, till then, lait
n<.'V('i" since, a stap e ))ni|ierty, was es
tiniated to he ten millions ni' dollars,
and nearly a ijuarterol' a nnllion more
was spent hy the i'ri^ditened authori-
ties in (|n(dlin^f tlu' tmn'iilr and pru-
vidinf^ sat'e-ifuai-ds. Urown s two sons.
Watson junl Oliver, fell, tii(htine-
bravely. The leader himsell", after a
fearless attack and defence, fell into
tlu'handsof the State. ( 'olonel, after-
wards the famous (ieiiei'al, Robert K.
Lee, came with a rtviment of soldiers,
to avert the danjifer and euard the
coniinonwealth. Wilkes IJooth. who
assassinateil I'residint Lincoln, was
therein the ranks. Then followed, at
Charlestown ( 'ourt House, the trial of
the leader, and of those who wer(>
taken with him : the conviction on
the charge of treason, and the (execu-
tion — from wlio.se teri'ors our hei'o did
not Hindi.

Nowhere was the news receiv«Ml
with more intense or sarlder interest
than in Chathum. From the day of
the attack until the fatal "Jnd of De-
cember following, meetings for prayer
and consultation were held continu-
ously Earnest (uilogiums upon tli(>
character of the departeil hero were
delivered on the evening of the day of
his execution, by J. M. Bell, and .1 11.
Harris, who had been membei's of the
Convention. The .same is,sue of the
Provincial Frccntav that chronicles
this tells of thirty-six persons who
had been driven fi"oni Kentucky to
Northern Territory, for the crime of
svuipnthizing with the Charle.stown
suH'erers.

They were the precursors of many
whom the civil war was ilestinod,
within a few months, to drive to('an-
adian shelter, jiujitical refugees, such
as(Ieneial .lohn ( '. Iireckeiiridge, and
HiHi. .lacob Thompson, and "skedad-
illers," by the hundrt'ds, as those were
called, w lio thus iscapecl mi litaiy en-
rolment. Many of these remained
until the end of the war, and some are
here still.

The interval in pris(»n was cheer-
fully spent. To a friend he wrote,
' I a.m ijuite cheerful. Men cannot
imprison, or chain, or bind the suul.
1 go joyfully, in lieliaif of tlio.se mil-
lions that have no rights,' that this
great and glorious this Christian Re-
public is bound to respect.' '

('aptain P>rown's last act, before be-
ing led from prison, was to visit the
cells of his fellow-captives and cheer
them, lie had imparted tothe.se poor
))eo]>le much of his own brave spirit.
He bad a power to so intluence those
with him that they followed him with
a reverential love, exceeding that of
Ruth to Naomi, nor did any of them
shrink from .sacrifice : though Capt.
Kagi and Brown s .sons .saw the great
dangers, and had urge<l the hopeless-
lu^.ss of moving before the ranks were
tilled.

It was not expected that the lilow
would be struck till the 24th of ()ct(i-
ber. The precipitation of the attack,
on the 17th, was causeil by Brown's
fear of betrayal by a .Iuda.s. The
smallness of the band, and the fact
that Tuost of them had military titles,
show that they were intended simply
as the uucltMis of the formidable force
that Brcnvn exjtected to join in the
I'uterpri.se.

When he ascended the scaffold, on
the 2nd of Decemi)er. 1(S50, at Char-
lestown, it was with no faltering step.
He stood erect and looked firmly down
on the lines of soldiery that surround-
ed him. He met his end as one who
had ilone his duty, as he saw it, and
feared not that which was to come
aftei-. We can say of him, as of Sam-

ION?/ HKOWX l.\ C.\\'AIK\.

Hon," Tilt' ilnad wliicli lit' slew at Ills
rlnatli, were iiiDrt- timii tln'y which hf
.sit'vv ill liiw liFc." (.'olitiifl [.t'l- and
Lii'Uttimiit .1. K. H. Stuart, whti ItMiki'tl
on, antl witc .sdoii gallantly tinhtiny;
as ^♦•norals for the Sniith,(liil iioltht'n
Ht'c thattair lit'i'(M'()ii(|iit!iii| iiKuctlwin
death : that thf iiiKiisti'r .slavery tlifii
rt'ceived a frrievuiis \vt)iiiiil which all
tlieir bravery couhl not avert t)r cure.
Victor Hiii,'!), in refi'iriiiff to this |m'1'

l)K. A. \\ HOSS,

iocl, wrote, " What the .South slew last
Deeeniber, was not John I5rt)\vn, hut

Slavery Slavery in all its

forms will iliBappear."

BrowiiH Uuly was canieil to his
loved hoiiH! in the Adiroiulacks. Wen-
dell Philli|is iiiatle a euloi^y at his
grave. 'John Brown, he saiil. 'has
loosened the roots tjf slavery. It niay
gas)), hut it isdead. He said he could
take the town with twenty men, and
lit^ did it. How siiMime that last i'ort-
iiiglit I His wortis are stn)iigei' than
even his rifles. 'I'he.se crusluiJ a State ;
those will yet crush Slavery. The
echoes of his rifl«;s have tlied away
aiuoug the hills : his wonls, millions

treasure. He sleeps ill the MeNsillg
of the sla\f.

(larihaldi, liherator t»|' Italv, writing
IVoiii lii.s ( "aprera home, ileclareil that
"Ji>lin Brown was the iiisti uuieiital
|»ii'Cinsi»r of the liherty of the siavt;."
The eiigint! hall to which Brown
anil some of his men retiretl, ami
where they were taken at last, was
carrieil to the < 'liicago Woi Ms Ivxposi-
tion of IH!»;{, and there .seen liy many
thousniids.

The fate of some only of those
who wert^ at the Chatliam Con-
vention is known Martin K.
Delaney, M. D., lucaMie a Major
of the l()4tli regiment colored
trooj)S, and a ( 'ommissioner of
the U.S. I'liireau of Hi'fu<'ees,
ami ill I SON pulilished an inter-
esting l)i(>gra])hy of his life ami
times, (apt. IvMgi fell in the
Slinidiidoiili, riiltlk'il with bul-
let.-. C'ai)t. J. K. Cook, Cope-
lam I, the 3'oung mulatti), and
Chas, Whipple (Aaron I). Stev-
ens), were taken prisoners at
the Ferry, ami were tried antl
e.\ecutt'<l at Charlestown. All
of tlieiii tlied like the Iti'ave men
they were, some days after their
leailer. Hichaitl Kealf agreetl to
beat the contest, but faileil to be
present, having gtaie to Kng-
laiitl. Oshtane I'. Ainler.son
returnetl to ( 'hatham after the
attVay. He was proceeding to the
.scene of action with a loatl of jtikes,
thinking [irowii helil the arsenal.
Discovering his mistake, and st;eing
inai'ines approaching, he Hetl and es-
capeil. Owen I irowii also, foreseeing
the result, escaped to the wooils. He
livetl for some years afterwai'ds in
Ohiti, then settletl, with others of his
father's family, at Pasatleiia, in Cali-
fornia, wlu^re he recently tlietl. He
was a man of consiilerable ability ami
mental resources, ami was brave and
tleterminetl.

Dr. Boss hail, at John Brown s re-
quest, gtaie to Richnumtl, and, being
there at the time of the attack, wjus

lOILX IlKOW'N IN CANADA.

arrostt'd, liut iiut l<»n^' ili'taiiHil. As
the day tor his old Iritiid s (•x«!ciitiuii
caiiif on, he went to Hiirpcr's FmTy
mid H|>))li<'d for |M'niiissioii to j,'o to
( 'liui'li'stowii.liiit tlifottiffi' iiicoiiiinaiid
ordcird liiiii to leave, ami siiit liiiii
under jflDird to I'lUltilllole, eMllillji' to
tlie eaiitiiiii in cliaii^e, " Captain, it' lie
returns to lluiper's Ken-y, shoot him
at once." Tlie intrepid doctor then
went to (Jovernor Wise at Kiehmoud.
and, al'ter an interview, related in his
little volume. " l{eco||ections and Kx-
j)erienees of ail Abolitionist, the ( Jov-
ernor refused him permisHion and
when he asked for a permit to leave
the State, wri>teon a (•ar<l, " The hear-
er is lierehy orderc(| to leave the .State
of Virj^inia within twenty-lour hours,
— Henry A. Wi.se." Dr Hoss, tindinjr
it impossible to Hee his old friend once
more, wrote a farewcdl letter to .lohn
Brown, Mild received the answer al-
ready j^'iven.

Dr. Ross has ever since kept uji an
atl'ectionate correspondence with the
niembtrrs of John Brown's family.
I'lom two letters received by him. wi'
Iiave been allowed to make extracts,
'i'he first is from his eldest dauffhter :

I kiiiiw my (U^iir fatluT IdVed you, iilid it
is but nuturiii tlmt Imh ciiiidieii Hliould luve
you. For your tluvotion to fiitlier, iviid tlii'
mterest you Imve sliowii in IiIh cliildroii. my
lioart goes out (gratefully.

Rl'TII liKoWN TuOjn-iHKN.

pHSHdeim, Cdlifoniia, Dec. .•{Otii, 1892
'I'he .second is from his yountfest
daughter :

May the ({(td thiit .lolni Hvown lielieved in
(lud tru.sted Itless you find yours, for your
kindness to liis sick ;iiid helpless diiuj^htcrN,
This (the aid sent) will keep my ehildren
from ijoinj^ hungry.

Anmk Hkow.n .a ha MS.

Petrolia, Cajiforiiia, Jan. 7th, 18!».'i. (a)

(a) The Rev. O. B. KrothiiiKliuni, in his life of (Jerrit
.Smith, says; "Alexander M. Ross, of Canada, whose re-
markable exploits in run.iinii off slaves, caused such con-
sternation in the Southern States, was in coinniunioation
with Gerrit Smith from first to last, was aided by him in
his preparation with information and counsel, and had a
(!l08e understanding with him in regard to his course rf
procedure. Both these men made the rescue of slaves a
personal matter." To a \ery few of his New York and
I'hiladclphia friends, l>r. Rohij was known by his name,
but the Quakers knew him as "The Helper," KmcrHOii
and his Boston associates as " The Canoidian Knight."
The colored people called him "Moses" and "The Help-
er." Other names were ndoptwl as emergencies and safety
required

Two CanadianH fell at Harper's
Kerry. William H. liehman. who
had lieen the youngest mendier t>f
the Clmtham Convention was shot
and killed, after Hurreiulering, l>y
.Shoppart, )i militiaman. Stewjird
Taylor wa.s a fellow-countryman of
Lehman s. I'oth were natives of
the township of Markham, near To-
ronto, as Dr. Hoss inforniH me, but
Mr. Hinton gives Maine as the hit-
ter's biith-place, and his name us
lieeman.

Richard Hiehardscm was a Mis.souri
slave, rescued by Hi'own. He is since
dead. .Somt; of the othei' members of
the Convention are yet living in the
Cnittid States. .Since the dectase of
.Messrs. Huntonand Holdeii, .Mr. .loiies
is. as stateil.the only survivor in Ca!\-
ada. They did not go to N'irginia.
.Mr. Jones iind .Mr. Fioldeii had then
gone on a \ isit to the I'acitic Coast.
Mr. .1. .Madison Hell was a writer of
ability, who lived for a time in St.
Catharines and Chatham, and then
settled in Toledo, Ohio Ira D. Shadd
and liis brother Isaac, ('hatham boys,
remove(| to the .South, and both of
them liecame men of prominence.
James H. Harris was a re))resentative
in Congress from North Cai'olina.

Some refer to tin- taking of Forts
Moultrie and Castle I'inkney.or to the
attack on Fort Sumter by the Confed-
eracy, as the first blows of the late
civil war. ( )thers find in the Harpers
Ferry ali'air, the initial outbreak, the
bursting forth of the fire which had
been long angrily smouldering on the
.south-western border.sof the Conniion-
wealtli. Few will, in the light of his-
tory, <li'ny that in the little .school-
hou.se and engine hall of (Jhatliam, the
train was laid that fired the mine,
whence re.sulted the overthrow of the
proud Southern oligarchy.

The presiding genius of the Chat-
ham Convention was tlie soul which
soon after animated thousands of
Union soldiers, as they fought for
their country, and brought joy and
freedom to the bondmen. When the

JOHN fiROWN IN CANADA.

frirri tiiitvcd oii.uiiclui- Ciraut ami Shur-
iiiiiu and Sheridan, the memory of the
old hero's piouH valor eheered their
lieartN, and roused to emulation of hi.s
bravery, aH they marched, thoy Hanj( :

•Fohii Brown died tliHt the nkve iniKiit bt^

frui! ;
•liihii Brown'H body lieN h iiiouldcriiig in tlut

KiHve,
lint hJN Noul iH iiiHi'chiiiK on,''

.1. C.

JUHN HKOWN'H'HIKK AND l«l'N.

('opy of tile letter from Brown, uBin^ name
of Mr. Boll, rtfter the Convention :

Chatham, Canada NVk.st,
M»y 21 it, 185M.

Dkak Son ank Othkk Fkikniw All— The
letters of three of your number are received,
dated the Kith, by which we learn the diih-
culty you find in getting employment. It
NeeniB that all but three have managed to
8to]) their board billH. and I do ho])e the bal-
ance will follow the nMidiki' and nohlc exam-
ple of patience and perHeverance set them by
the others, instead of being either discour-
aged or out of hunu)r. The weather is so
wet here that no work can be obtained. 1
have only received J15 from the east, and
Huch has l)een the ett'ect of the course taken
by F. (Col. Forbes), on our eastern friemls.
that I have some fears that we shall be com-
pelled t»> delay further action for the present.
They (his Eastern friends) urge us to do so,
promising us liberal assistance after awhile.
I am in hourly expectation of help sutticient
to pay ofl'our board bills here, and totiike us
on to Cleveland, to see and advise with you,
which we shall do at once when we get the
means. Suppose we do have to defer our
direct efforts, shall great and noble minds
either indulge in useless comjilaint, or fr>ld
their arms in di.scouragement, or sit in idle-
ness, when we may at least av4)id losing
ground. It is in times of diihculty that men
show what they are ; it is in such times that
men mark themselves. Are our ditticulties
such as to make us give up one of the noblest
enterprises in which men ever were en-
g»g<'dV

4 Write .Iambs M. Bkll,

Your Sincere Friend.

The following letter was received by the

author from Mr. .loini Brown, .fr. , with »
photograph of his father given :

Pt'T-iN-BAY, Ottawa Co.,

Ohio, Aug 4th.
HA.MiLroN, Knv<..
Toronto, Canada.

Ukah 8ih- Y'ours of the tSth .July enclos-
ing manuscript, eaine duly, but illnusM had
prevented an earlier reply. Have read the
articles you sent with deep interest, and most
sincerely do I thank you for sending them.
Wish it Were in my power to
add anything which woidd give
additional interest to your
story of my father's career in
Canada. Tlu^ account miu have
given of it is ably written, and
shows that true opprfhumon
iif hin leid character, which in
my view gives great value to
your paper.
The C. Whipple referretl to (whose real
name is Aaron D Stevens), accompanied
fathei' and Kagi at the time the 12 slaves
(Sam. Harper neing one), were tiiken from
Missouri through Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa,
Illinois and Michigan into ('anada. Fie was
at the convention you describe ; was at Har-
per's Ferry, and was subsetpiently executed
at Charlostown. Va.

Father was only about tive feet ten and
one half inches in height, and not so broad-
shouldered as many have represented him.
His weight was about IRO lbs. ; he was mus-
cular and active, and had uncommon endur-
ance, physical and mental. The descrijition
of him, as without a beard, would apply to
him only up to the last two or three years of
his life, when he ceased to shave. His beard
was white, his hair iron-grey. With your
valuable paper, which I return to you by to-
morrow's mail, I send you a photograph of
my father, copied from a copy of the original
which he gave to me at Andover, Ashtabula
Co., Ohio, .June 18th, 1860, when on his way
to Harper's Ferry. This is an excellent pic-
ture, showing him with full beard as it was at
the timeof his execution, December 2nd, 1859.
Please accept, with the sincere regards of
Faithfully yours,

.John Brown, Jk.

Authorities referred to :

The Public Life of John Brown. My
James Redpath, 18GU.

Life and Letters of .Tohn Brown, liljerator
of Kansas, and Martyr of Virginia. By F.
B. Sanborn, 1885.

John Brown and His Men. By Richard
•1. Hinton, article in Frank Leslie's Monthly,
June, 188().

B<Mik by same autiior, under same title.
Funk & Wagnalls Co , 18!H.

Original papers in possession of Dr. A. M,
Ross, Toronto. , . y "5

±lo8s, Joronto. .

InfM