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1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
AN
Illustrated Flora
OK Tills
NoRTHF.RN United States. Canada
ANIJ THE
BRITLSH rOSSESSIONS
From Newfoundland to the Parallel of the southern Boundary op V.rg.n.a
AND FROM THE ATLANTIC OcEAN WESTWARD TO THE ,02D MeR.D.AN
1)Y
NATHANIEL LORD BRITTON, Pn D
EMKRnUS r.K<...KSS,.. a. HOTAXV ,X C0,..M1„A Umv.KS.TV, AXn D,K,.CTOK-,X-C.M.r
OF THE \,.:w York Uotamcal Garijex
AM)
HON. ADDISON BROWN
President of the Torrey Botanical Clui.
THE DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
C,11E..LV ,.REPAR,^> ,.v Proeessor Hr.tTON, Wn 1, THE ASSISTANCE OF S.-ECAMSTS ,x
SK^ERA.. 0RO.:.s; THE FkU:RES ALSO DRAWN UNDER „,s SupeRvIm^"
IN THREE VOLUiMES
Vol. Ill
APOCYNACEAE TO COMPOSITAE
DOGBANE TO THISTLE
NEW YORK
CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
1898
/ f 5
QK//7
fc I.
V.5
Copyright 1S98
BY
Charles Scribner's Sons
Thb Nnvv Era Printing Company
Lancaster, Pa.
Contents of Volume III.
Prki-ack to Vol.. III.
Abbreviations of thk \ami:s oi-
Gknerai, Key of Orders and Fam
Gamopetalae (continued)
17. Apocynaceak
18. asclei'iadaceak
i<). convolvitlaceae
20. cuscutaceae
21. polemoniaceae
22. Hydrophyllaceae
2,?. Boraoinaceae
24. Verhenaceae
2,v Labiatae
26. Solanaceae
i 27. scrophl-lariaceae
4 28. Lentibi-lariaceae
19 29. Orobanchaceae
27 30. Hk;xo.vi..\ceae
31 31- Marty.maceae
43 32- acantiiaceae
50 32'. Phrvmaceae
69 :^:^. Pla.\ta(;i.\aceae
74 3-t. RUBIACEAE
124 35. Caprikoliaceae
IV
Al'THORS vi
LIES
viii
1-493
142
36. Adoxaceae
188
37. Valeria.vaceae
194
38. Dipsaceae
.98
39. Cl'ci-rbitaceak
2CX)
40. Camp.wulaceae
201
41. CiCIIORIACEAE
205
42. Ambrosiaceae
205
43' COMPOSITAE
211
227
242
243
247
249
252
261
292
298
ENGUSH FAMILY NAMES.
Petals wholly or partly united, rarely separate or wauting (continued)
17. DotJBANE Fa.MILY
18. Mii-KWEEo Family
19. MORiMNG-GLUKY
Family
20. Dodder Family
21. Phlox Family
22. Water-Leak Family
23. Roka(;e Family
24. Vervain Family
25. Mint Family
26. PoT.YTo Family
I
4
19
Appendix
Summary
Glossary
3>
43
so
69
74
124
494-521
521
522-526
27. Fi(;\voRT Family
28. Bladderwort
Family
29. Broom-Rape Fa.milv
30. Trumpet-Creei'kr
Family
31. rxic<jRN Plant
I"amilv
32. Acanthus Family
32'. I.opsKED Family
M. Plantain Family
Errata
General Index oe L.vtin Names
142
1 88
194
198
200
201
205
205 :
1-493
34. Madder Family 211
35- Hoxeysvckle
Family 227
36. Mosciiatel Family 242
37. Valerian Fa.milv 243
38. Teasel Family 247
!9. Gourd F.\mily 249
40. Bell-Flower Fa.milv 252
English Index and Topilar Plant Names 556-
4t. Chicory Fa.milv
42. Rac.weed Family
43- Thistle Family
526
527-555
26 1
29 a
298
SYMBOLS USED.
° is used after figures to indicate feet.
' is used after figures to indicate inches.
'' is used after figures to indicate lines, or twelfths of an inch
' over syllables indicates the accent, and the s/,ori English sound of the vowel
of lL°M '"'^'""' '"'" "'""'• "'"' '^^ '°"^' ^''"''^' °F^° °^ '^'"^^ English sound
In the Metric System
The metre = 39.37 inches, or 3 feet 3.37 inches.
The decimetre == 3.94 inches.
The centimetre = f of an inch, or 4f lines.
The millimetre = j^ of an inch, or ^ a line.
2j millimetres = i line.
very nearly.
Preface to Volume III.
WITH the piil)licalii)n of the coiichuliiij,' vohinie of the Ilhislrated Flora, the authors
desire to express their ai>preciatioii of the favor with which tlie previous volumes
have been receive<l. Volume III, it is believed, will he found no less useful than the pre-
cediuff ones; and from the difliculties presented to the student hy the great family of Com-
posites, which occupies about one-half of the present volume, this may prove to be the most
helpful of all.
The number of species figured in the whole work is 4162, comprising 177 Families and
1103 Genera. Mighty one of these s])ecies, mostly western, being new determinations or
new discoveries, made while tlie woik has been going tliro\igh the press and too late for in-
sertion ill their proper places, are figured in the Api)eiidix (pp. 4S.4 to 321 ). These bring up
to January, ll^i^S, it is believed, all well CMlablished species within our area. The cuts are
numbered consecutively throughout the work, excejit those in the .\ppendix, which are re-
ferred to their proper places by giving to each the number of the previously figured species
to which it is most closely allied, with the addition of the letter a, b or c, etc., for distinction.
As re.spects the admission of new species, the aim has been to pursue a conservative
course, and to admit those only that \ipon continuous observation appear to bear the requi-
site tests of constancy and persistency in their distinguishing characters. In an illustrated
work, however, devoted to the reproduction ot what is found in nature, it is better to e't in
illustrating too many forms, rather than in giving too few.
A general Key of the Orders and rainilies, prepared by l)r. liritton according to the
method followed in the Keys to the genera and species, will be f(jund at the beginning of
the volume, preceded by a table of alibrevi.itions of the names of botanical authors cited.
At the close is a glossary of the special botanical terms here used, follo\,ed by a complete
General Index of all the Latin names, including synonyms, used throughout the work.
This general Key has been elaborated on the natural method, dividing the two subking-
doms of plants described in the work into Clas.ses, Sub-classes, Orders and Tamilies success-
ively. The Orders are not described in the work itself, but their principal distinguishing
characters are given in this key. The natural method adopted necessitates a considerable
number of exceptions to statements, owing to the varying degree of develoi)ment of floral
organs in the derivation of plants from their ancestors; these exceptions are either noted
under the he;idings or indicated by cross-references.
In using this key, or any of the keys to genera or to species, the student will often find,
in the analysis of a jjlant that it does not provide all the information necessary for its deter-
mination; this is generally owing t(j the incomplete condition of the specimen collected; it
may be in flower, while the characteristic dilTerences between it and others are only to be
found in the fruit, or r/rv fi'isii ; or the species may l)e dioecious, or polygamous, when its
other organs, perchance the characteristic ones, must be sought on another individual, and
there are various other causes for incompleteness. It is therefore earnestly recommended
that collections be carefully made, seeking to reduce as far as possible this more or less neces-
sary incompleteness. Where satisfactory material can not be obtained, it will usually be
found possible to reach the desired analysis by following out two or more Hues of the key,
and by comparing the results reached with the descriptions to determine the family, genus
or species. The illustrations provide an almo.st indispensable aid in such cases.
For the general English Index at the end of this volume. Judge Hrown has compiled a
list of all the popular names of the plants belonging to our area, so far as obtainable, both
general and local, including also most of the Ivnglish names of our plants that have been
heretofore used by botanical authors, as well as most of the older and the tnore modern Eng-
lish popular names of plants common to our area and to Ivngland. Hundreds of these lat-
ter names were brought to this country by the early English colonists, some of which are
still current here that are now disu.sed there.
A considerable number of the popular names are given in the text in connection with
the leading English name, or in the notes. vSeveral thousand others, which could not appear
in the text, are printed in the Index in italics. These arc referred to the proper plant by the
number of the illustration or figure \i). The list includes in all about 10,000 different plant-
names, and upwards of 12,000 references to the illustrations. It embraces all our plant-
Vol.. III.]
I'RIiPACE.
names commonly used 1>y pliarmacisU, druggists, liorticulturists and plant-collectors, or
likely to be met with in l)otanical or current literature.*
No similar compilation of .Vmcrican plant-names has been hitherto published. Many
of them are not to be found iu any general dictionaries. To the mass of the people, this
Index, in connection with the references to the illustrations, will afford the readiest means
of plant-identification, and to them it is practically indispensable for that purpose.
These names are full of interest, from their origin, history and significance. .\s observed
in Hritten and Holland's work cited in the notes below, "they are derived from a variety of
languages, often carrying us back to the early days of our country's history, and to the vari-
ous peoples who as contiuerors or colonists have landed on our shores and left an impress on
our language. Many of these old world words are full of poetical association, speaking to us
of the thoughts and feelings of the olil world people who invented them; others tell of the
ancient mythology of our ancestors, of strange old medicinal usages, and of superstitions
now almost forgotten."
;\Iost of these names suggest their own explanation. The greater number are either de-
scriptive or derived from the supposed uses, qualities or properties of the plants; many refer to
their habitat, appearance or resemblance real or fancied to other things; others come from
poetical suggestion, affection or association with saints or persons. Many are very graphic, as
the western name, Prairie Fire (Castillcia cr)ccinea) ; many are quaint or liuniorous, as Cling'
ra.vcij/ (Galium Aparine) or Wait-a-bil (Sinilax rotundifolia); and in some the corruptions
are amusing, as Aunt Jericho^ (X. I'Jig. j from .Angelica. The words //(^w^, 0.\\ Do,i>\ Bull,
Snake, Toad are often used as a prefix to denote size, coarseness, worthlessness or aversion.
Devil or Deiil's is used as a prefix for upwards of 40 of our plants, mostly expressive of dis-
like or of some traditional resemblance or association. .\ number of names have been con-
tributed by the Indians, such as Chin<iuapin, Wicopy, I'ipsissewa, Wankapin, etc.; while
the term Indian, evidently a favorite, is applied as a descriptive prefix to upwards of 80 dif-
ferent plants.
There should be no antagonism in the use of scientific and popular names, since their
purposes are quite diiTercnt. Science demands certainty and universality, and hence a single
universal name for each plant. For this the Latin has been adopted, and the Latin name
should be used, when only scientific objects are sought, liut the vernacular names are a part
of the growth and development of the language of each people. Though these names are
sometimes indicative of specific characters and hence scientifically valuable, they are for the
most part not at all scientific, but utilitarian, emotional or picturesijue. As such, they are
invaluable; not for science, but for the common intelligence, an<l the appreciation and enjoy-
ment of the plant world. These names, in truth, reflect the mental attitude of each people,
throughout its history, toward the plant kingdom; and the thoughts, suggestions, atTections
or emotions which it has aroused in them. If these are rich and nmltitudinous, as in the
Anglo-Saxon race, so will the plant-names be also.
Usuallj' the mo.st connnon or the favorite plants have a variety of names; but this is
noticeably otherwise with the Asters and the Golden-rods, of which there are about 120
species within our area, the common names of which, considering their abundance and vari-
ety, are comparatively few. The Golden-rods, without distinction, are also known as Yellow-
taeed or Yellozv-lops ; the .\3ters are called also /■'rost-weeJ, Froxl-Jlozvers, Good-hye Summer
and by the Onandaga Indians, " It brings the Frost." A few like Aslet ericoides have sev-
eral interesting names, but most of the species in each genus resemble each other so much
that not a ([uarter of the species have suggested to the popular apprehension any distinctive
name; while other less showy plants, like the Pansy ( yiola tricolor), the Marsh Marigold
{ Caltlia paliislris), the Spotted Touch-me-not (/inpatieus bijlora), Bluets t^Houstonia coeru-
lea) and others, have a score of different names.
The Index shows the extent to which the same popular name has been applied to differ-
ent plants, which is the only cause of confusion; and this confusion will usually be removed
by the use of the Index with a reference to the illustrations.
Niiw York, June 20, 1S9S.
■ In compilinsf this list, reference has been made to numerous general and special botanical
works, to our state and local Floras, to Hobbs' llotanical Handbook (pharmaceutical), to Deal's,
Scribner's and Pamuiel's works on Grasses, to Sudworth's Arborescent Flora, to Britten and Hol-
land's Dictionary of F'nglish Plant Names (London, 1886), and to the valuable papers of Mrs. F.
D. llergen on Popular Plant Names in the Botanical Gazette for 1892, p. 365; for 1893, p. 420; for 1894,
p. 429, and for iSi/j, p. 473. Prof. R. S. Burgess has also supplied about 100 popular names not
before noted that are in use at Martha's Vineyard and in Washington, D. C.; and Mrs. Horner, of
Georgetown, Mass., and Miss Bartlett, of Haverhill, Mass., have each contributed some.
Abbreviations of the Names of Authors.
A. neiin. Bennett, Artlmr.
A. Kr. Braun, Akxander.
Adans. Adanson, Miclitl
Ait. Aiton, William.
■i'f/. Alton, William Townseiid.
All. Allioni, Carlo.
Aiideys. AnderssoD, Nils Jolian.
Andr. Andrews, Henry C
Andrz. Andriejowski, Anton Lukiaiiuwicz.
Angs. Angstriim, Julian.
Ard. Arduino, Luigi.
Aril Amott, Ceorge Arnold Walker
Aubt Aublet, Jean Baptiste Christophore Fusee
Aust. Austm, Coe Finch.
Bab Babington, Charles Cardale.
liald. Baldwin, William.
iiaiU. Baillon, Henri.
Hani. Bartling, Friedrich Cottlieb.
Bart. Barton, William p. C.
Bartr. Bartram, John.
Beauy. I'alisot de Beauvois, A. M. I' T.
Benin. Bentham, Ceorge
Josepfli^fucm. «*"*•'«■"- ^-^^e, and Hooker,
Beret, Beichtold, Friedrich von
Bernli. Bemhardi, Johann Jacob.
Bess Besser, Wilhelra S. J. G. von.
Bteb. lebeistein, F. A. M. von.
Jligel. Bigelow, Jacob.
Bucli. ■Biatkon, (lottlieb Wilhelm
Biv. Bivona-Bemardi, Antonio.
hoeckl. Boeckeler, Otto.
Jloelim. Boehmer, (;eorg Rudolf.
Jiotss. Boissier, Edmond.
,>')■ gorckhausen, Moritz Balthazar.
Brack. BracWnridge, William D.
I'Vy-r. Brewer, William Henry.
B.S.P. Britton, N. L.; Stems, Emerson .Vlex.
ander: Poggenburg, Justus. ' ^ °" A'<^x-
Biot. Brotero, Felix de Avellar.
Biicli. Buchenau, Franz.
hiiclcl. Buckley, Samuel liotsford.
von ^"e*"*"^' Priedrich August I.udwig
Carr. Carriere, Elie Abel
Casp. Caspary, Robert.
Cass. Cassini, Henri.
Caz: Cavanilles, Antonio Jos4.
Celak. Celakowsky, I,adislav.
terv. Cervantes, \'icente.
(-!'am Chamisso, Adalbert von.
tendahl5'"""' "^^ ^'^''' ^^^^^^^° a"d Schlech-
Cliapm. Chapman, Alvan Wentwortli.
C/iots. Choisy, Jacques Denis.
Clairville, Joseph Philippe de.
Clayton, John.
Cogniaux, Alfred.
'Dips. ) Coulter, Thomas.
Coulter, John Merle
.fhnil"' ^i^<^^ ^'"'' J°^^I'>' Nelson. ,
Clatrt
Clayt.
Cog,,.
Coiilt.
Coult.
C. c^ R.
Ti T ■« vuu'icr, J. M, ana
narl. Darlington, William.
^"ve,,/,. Davenport, Ceorge Edward.
i >,.? S?"!""*' Augustin Pyiamus.
A. DC. De Candolle, Alphonse.
nee. Decaisne, Joseph.
lies/. Desfontaine, Ren^ touiche.
IJesr. Desroussoux.
Dest>. Desvaux, Nicaise Augustin.
Victs. Dickson, James.
^///'- T>m»!"?^ r>r'''uNathanael Friedrich
JJill. Dillen, John Jacob.
^ougl. Douglas, David.
Drej. Drejer, Saloman Thomas Nicolai
I'ryand. Dryander, Jonas,
Oii/r. Dufresne, Pierre.
^i'/""po» ^T"^'*'. Harthflemy Charles.
Iu,l. Eaton, Amos.
^V' '^^ "Ju- ^**''°' Ai'ios, and Wright, John
^v;-»,. Ebermaier, Karl Heinrich. ■■
Eh'h. Ehrhart, Friedrich.
Ell. Elliott, Stephen.
Endl. Endlicher, Stephen Ladislaus.
' ^>i.i;elm. Engelmann, C.eorge
V. A • |,«choltz, Johann Friedrich.
Eab- Fabticius, Philipp Konrad.
^"^'^/''^^"/ Friedr/ch Ernst I.udwig von.
, -^ c .)/. Fischer and Meyer, C. A
I Eyuj: Fougeroux, Auguste Denis.
/■o;-,U-. Porskal, Pehr
Ei^rsl. Forster, Johann Reinhold, and George
I gang' ^'*'*°"'«' J"hann Baptist Georg Woif-
Eroel. Froelich, Joseph Aloys.
Oaerl. Gaertner, Joseph.
Gacrli, f Gaertner, Carl Friedrich.
Oal. Galeotti, Henri.
Ga II d. Gaudichaud-Beaupre, C harles
I ^Ci; Geyer, Carl Andreas.
1 Gill. Gillies, John.
I Jean. °"'^*°* ^* Lassaraz, Frederic Charles
Olo.v Gloxin, Benjamin Peter.
Gmel. Gmelin, Samuel Ciottlieb.
?-',','ryJ- ''^ °"«"°. Johann Friedrich.
(joodeii. Goodenough, Samuel.
d'a''" ^^'''' ^"°'*"'' '^'larles, and Godron,
! <^>ey. GreviUe, Robert Kaye,
GrLicb. Grisebach, Heinrich Rudolf August
Grniun. Grunovius, Jan Frederik. ^"^""'
Gi<s.<: Gussone, Giovanni.
Hack. Hackel, Eduard.
Hall. Haller, Albeit von.
Haiiiilt. Hamilton, William.
Hartm. Hartman, Carl Johann.
Hassk. Hasskarl, Justus Carl.
IJausskii. Haussknecht, Carl
irVi- Hawoth, Adrian Hardy.
//A A. Humboldt, I'riedrich Alexander von-
//f,°,T'f'"'w^"V^ ''"'^ •^""t"' ^^"^' Siegesmuud.'
Hexflm Hegelmaier, Friedrich.
Hell. Hellenius, Carl Niclas.
Heist. Heister, Lorenz.
Herb. Herbert, William.
Hilch. Hitchcock, Albert .Spear.
//"ffff.'.- H'^hstetter, Christian Friedrich.
Hltnn. Hoffman, Georg Franz.
7rf/"^''u ,^°^^^^^^U, Johann Centurius.
Holl. Hollick, Arthur.
Hook. Hooker, William Jackson.
Walker. "°'"'"' '^^^ ^- ''"'^ ^""'"' ^^°'«^ A-
Hook. f. Hooker, Joseph Dalton.
Horiiem Homemann, Jens Wilken.
Hiids. Hudson, William.
Irm. Irmisch, Thilo.
Jacq. Jacquin, NicoLis Joseph.
Juss Jussieu, Antoine Laurent.
A. Juss. Jussieu, Adrien de.
Karst. Karsten, H.
^!- ,^'oU*^'>, Johann Friedrich.
A uehl. Kiihiwein.
L. Linnaejs, CaroUis, or Cart von Linne.
/.. /. Lmne, Carl von (the son ).
/
/
/
/>
A
R
K
R
R
R
.SV
■8
AHHRKVIATIONS OF THE NAMES OF AUTHORS.
/.'//<-/. L'Heritier de Brutelle, Cliarks I.oins
Laeil. Laestadius, I.ius Levi
Las;. Lagasca, Mariano.
Monnt?""'"''' •'"*" """''"'^ ^'""'"^ ^'"'^
/.a«/A. Lambert, Aylmer Bourkc
Leavniu: Leavenworth, Melints C
Ledeh. Ledebour, (>arl Friedricli vt.ii
'->•'»>'■ Lehmann, Johanii C.eorif Cliiistian.
Lcl'eyr. Le Peyrouse, I'hilippe.
Leftech. Lepechfn, Iwan.
Usp. c- They Lespinasge, G,, and Theveneau, A
Less. Lessing, Christian Friedricli
l-euih Lestiboudois, Franyois Jostnh.
l;ic:liif. Lightfoot, John.
Lilj. Liljeblad, Saniutl.
I.indl. Lindley, John.
Lodd. Loddiges, Conrad.
Loeji. Loefling, Pehr
Lo„d. Loudon, John Claudius.
J.oiir. Loureiro, Juan.
A/utM. MacMillan, Con .vay.
Marsh. Marshall, Hnmplirey.
.l/a/-.f. Marsson, Theodor.
A III ft. Martens, Martin.
'""I'enrf ^"'' "*"**"*• "«■■''"• ^"d Galeotti,
'J/"f' "« Maximowicz, Carl Johaiin.
A/ed. Modicus, Friedrich Cassimir.
,,'''"•..*'*'*''*'■• ^■»''' Friedrith.
.Wrr. Merat, Francois Victor.
Jh;l ^ Koch M. c-' A'. Mertens, Franz Karl
and Koch, Wilhelm Daniel Joseph. '
/r '■ Mettenius, Gi-orRe Heinrich.
J "!■. Meyer Km St Heinrich Friedrich
'Y'O'x. Michaux, Andr^.
1/";, ' 'si-,, "'="»'"'. Francois Andre.
Afill. Miller, Philip.
'Vr'-!f- ,2'i"fP?."8''' (-''larles Frederic.
Afi/ch. Mitchell, John
'Vr'"'- ^"tasne. .lean Francois CainiUe
y /»»vf. Moricand, Moise Etienne.
Afoi/. Moquin-Tandon, Alfred
'\';"'";'i>X. Muller,Jean. of Aargau.
' /'/'/"■*« '?."T'"'^"««n' Otto von
jVuhl. Muhlenberg, Heinrich L.uiu ig.
I ,'• M""ay, Johann Andreas,
^f^/, N«<^''", Noel Joseph de.
A-"/,- ™*i"?,''\^"''^''*''''n Gottfried.
A nil. Nuttall, Thomas.
^'■{•, Ortega, Casiniiro Gomez.
fall. Pallas, Peter Simon.
P<iil. Parlatore, I'ilippo.
P. Jlr. Browne. P.itrick
Pers. Pereoon, Christian Hendrik.
Hanch Planchon, Jules Einile.
i?'n it'-''^' J''"" '-o'"" Marie.
Pi>//. Pollich, Johann Adam.
P;"ir>: Pourret, Pierre Andre.
A. />>: Brown, Rol)ert
& ^^w^'T^b"'?'/',*/' ^^""^'^"tino .Samuel
KeM^enh. Reichenbach, Heinrich C.ottlieb I.ud-
Pfl~. Retzius, Anders Johan.
huhards. Richardson, John
Kocm. Roemer, Johann Jacob.
Augu^. ^'*"""' J' J ■ ^"'' Schultes, Joseph
i'.'H'/'l- %illi; .Roemer, J. J., and Usteri, Paulus
fin/ii; p^ffi?";!"?;,' ':'"'"'-■'' Wilhelm C.ottlieb'
■?. A- 5<'"'>oelI, Christen Fries.
P r, Roxburgh, William.
P'^'- RSh't7F?a"t'"'°'='"" P--.J"-'f.
•S/. ////. St. Hilaiie, August de.
Vll
■Salish. Salisbury, Richard Anthony
^aif;. Sargent, Charles Spraifue.
•S(2>7.-,. Sartwell, Henry P
Sai: Savi, Gaetano.
Sihk. Schkuhr, Christian.
hard''von^''''*'^'''*°''''' °'^''"'^'' ^^nz Leon-
Schleich. Schleicher, J, C
Schleid. Schleiden, Matthias Jacob,
i ,"'";'• Scjirader, Heinrich Adolph.
t^hnu ti'1^'' J"''^"." ^■•"i'^tian Daniel von.
■y'"'/;. Schultes, Joseph AuKiist.
v'-A^^y-Q.!"'""!^''*^".'"". Karl Heinrich.
i( //««/. Schumacher, Christian I'riedrich.
.ifAr,r/«. Schweinitz, Lewis David von.
.Vi'A Scopoli, Johann Anton.
^;n/,,i. Scribner, Frank Lanison.
■Scnbii. e- Pid. Scribner, F. I.., and Rydberg,
Ser. Seringe, Nicolas Charles
:>eitb. Seubert, Moritz.
Shr/d. Sheldon, Edmund P.
Shiiltlu-. Shuttleworth, Robert
.Sihlh. Sibthorp, John.
Sieb. c- yiinc. Siebold, Philipp F'ranz von, and
Zuccanni, Joseph Gerhard.
So/and. Solander, Daniel.
S/»r„i;. Sprengel, Kurt.
Sliiid. Steudel, Ernest Gottlieb.
^lev. Steven, Christian.
.Swrf.T. Sudworth, George B
.S;<. Swartz, Olof.
■) ll'als. Watson, Sereno.
///«(//. Thuillier, Jean Louis.
P'l"ii/>. Thunberg, Carl Peter.
Phiirb. Thurber, George.
/(";-. Torrey, John.
v-'"'' "^ii •)','' '', • I°"*y' J- ■ and Schweinitz, r,. D.
' • '^T ^""^'- To"ey. J"^'!", and Hooker, Wil-
liam Jackson.
-r"",';"- .^To"™efort, Joseph Pitton ile.
Pra/i. Trattinnick, Leopold.
/rcl. Trelease, William.
Praul. Trautvetter, Ernest Rudolph.
Tnit. Tnmus, Karl Bernhard.
/nil. e-' Piipr. Tricius, Karl, and Ruprecht,
riictrrin. Tuckerman, F:dward
/"/re-. Turczaninow, Nicolaus.
/■' ,'7'''-,r .Un'lerwood, Lucien Marcus.
{;«///. Vaillant, Sebastien.
l-e// Velloso, Jose. Marianno de Conceicao
'/;'/• Ventenat, Klienne Pierre.
I III. Villars, Dominifiue.
II ahl. Wahlenberg, Georg
II, ,h//,. Wahlenberg, Pehr Friedricli.
KitMba1,-pa^f "'''"■' '■""= ■^''■"" ^■°"' ^"'^
fr";!' ■ •.y?"''"*''' '^'•'"•' Friedrich Wilhelm.
' "'A ,^«,'Pers, Wilhelm Gerhard.
// a//. Walter, Thomas.
vo!f' ^^"Senheim, Friedrich Adam Julius
"t"';'' '\S'i"^'- Watson, Sereno, and Coulter,
lohn Merle.
Il'fh. Weber, Friedrich.
Il'edd. Weddell, H. A.
II 'f inn. Weinmann.
ulTn/'' wY.!"?""*"' ^<^°'Se Wilhelm Franz.
II <-/nt. Wettstein, K. von.
,'^T; ^/?,I"'' J-'riedrich Heinrich.
II ifld. Willdenow, Carl Ludwig
II I mm. Wimmer, Friedrich.
Ilisli::. Wislizenus, A
H'llli. Withering, William.
// oI/l:. Wolfgang.
Il'ovdi: Woodville, William
{(/"■"'Lf Wormskiold, M. von.
II r. Wright, John.
ICulf. Wulfen, Franz Xavier.
Gkneral Key to thk Orders and Families.
Siihkingdoni PTlvRIDOPHYTA. i: 1-48.
Sporks i>i:vi.i.(ii'IN(; inkj ii.\r oit ikui;c,i i.ar i'hothai.i.ia, which hkak thk RiUMoimcrivn
(Ilil.ANS ' AMIII.KIIllA AMI ARCHKc ,()NI A > ; ri.<l\VI.RS AN1> SI.KDS NONIC.
1 . Spores produced in sporanges, which are borne on the back of a leaf, in spikes or panicles, or in special
conceptacles. Older i. I'ii.icai.ds.
■'■;- Spores all of one sort and size ' isosporous families '.
t VtMiiiiticiu erect or iiicliiinl; i-linranuis in spikts, or piitiieks, o|iLMiiiit{ by a ttiitisverse slit.
I'.ini. 1. Op!iiiii;liHSiiir.ii\ l: i.
t t Vt-niatinii coiled; sixmuiKcs reticulated, ii-ii;ill> provided with a riiiK (anmdus).
Sponiiifces opening vertically.
SporaiiKcs paiiicled, witii ,1 nidi iiieiilarvriiii;; iiiarsl, ferns. Fain. 2. Os»inii(/,i(YO,: i: (.
vSporaii^es sessile on a tilifonn receptacle; leaves filmy, translucent.
l''ani. V /fiiii(iiii/>/n //iii'rtir, i: 6.
hporannes ovoid, in panicles, or spikes, provided with an apical riiiir.
h'ain. 4 Srln'-tiriXiiir. 1:7.
hporanges openiny transversely, pr<ivided with a vertical ring; borne in sori on the back or niarifin
"'a leaf. T?i\m. ?.. r<'l_vr«'ili,ii,;ir. 1:8.
■^ -X- Spores of two sizes microspores and macrospores 1.
riants rootitiK in the tnud: leaves ) foliol.Ue, or filiform. l-ani. (.. .Vtirsi/r.ionr. I: t,i,.
Plants lloatiiiK; leaves entire, or j lobed. Ivini. -. .Sii/riiiiiinai: I; Vt-
2. Spores produced in sporanges, which are clustered underneath the scales of a terminal cone-like spike;
stems jointed, rush-like. Order 2. Iiuri.si:TAi,i;s.
One family. I'am. <S. /Ci/i<i.\</iiOiif. I:.i3.
3. Spores produced in spt anges, which are borne in the axils of scale-like or tubular leaves.
,, . , . Order ^. I.vuordDiAi.ics.
Spores all of one sort and size. l.\„n. 9. Lva'/^oiliiUfit,: i: m.
Spores ot two sizes (microspores and m.'icrnspores t.
Leaves scale-like. 4-maiiy ranked, on brancliiii); stems, Kam, 10. Srlcnihirllarrac. i; 44.
Leaves tubular, clustered on a conn like trunk; aquatic or mud plants.
Fam. II. /soiiairac: l:4,s
SiihkiiiRdom SPKRMAT(JPHVTA. i: 49.'
JIlCUdSI'ORK.S ll'ilLLi:.N--C.I<AINH) ni:\i:i.(ll'lN( , INTO A TrllVI.AR PKOTIIALI.tl'M f POLLRN-TrHB);
MACKllSl'OKlCS (ICMllRVO SAL) 1 i|-.Vl;i.l)PI\(i A MINTTi: PK. ) til ALLIl'M, AM), TOIllVrHliR WITH IT,
RliMAI.MNC, 1;nc!.(iSI:Ii IN TIIH MACKoSIM iKANdT. (oVl'Li;j WHICH RlPIiN.S INT') A .Slilil).
Class I. C.VMXO.SPIvRMAIi. Ovules not enclosed in an ovary. 1:40-61.
Fruit a cone, with several or numerous scales, sometimes berry like by their cohesion.
. . . I'am. I. Piiiiicrar. 1:49.
iTuit (in our (jenus) a fleshy integument neatly enclosing the seed. Fam. 2. Taxau-ae. i:')i.
Class 2. A\t;iOSrKRM.-\l>;. Ovules enclosed in an ovary. 1:61.
Subclass I. MoNocoTYi.EDOXES. I: 62-481.
EmHRVO with I CilTVI.KHON; STKM WITH Nl) DI.STINCTION INTO PITH, WOOD AND HARK; LEAVICS
MO.STLV P.\RALI.ICI,Vi:iNKl).
1 . Carpels r, or more, distinct ( united, at least partially, in Family 4, Scheuchzeriaceae, where they are
mostly united until maturity, and Family 6, Vallisneriaceae, aquatic herbs, with monoecious
or dioecijus flowers;; parts of the flowers mostly unequal in number.
•;■ Inflorescence various, not a true spadix.
t Flowers not in the axils of dry chaffy scales (glumes); our species aquatic or marsh plants.
t Undosperm mealy or fleshy; perianth of bristles or clialTy scales; flowers monoecious, spicate or
capitate. Order i. Pa.nda.nales.
Flowers spicate, terminal. Fam. i. ri'/)/;ar,y7,'. 1:62.
Flowers capitate, the heads axillary to leaf-like bracts. Fam. 2. Spaixantacidc. i: 63.
J I Endosperm none, or \ery little; perianth corolla-like, or herbaceous, or none.
Order 2. Nai.\I)ALEs {Fhiviah's).
Perianth, if present, inferior; carpels mostly distinct.
Perianth-segments, when present, heibaccous.
Carpels distinct; aquatic herbs. Fatn. 3. Naiadacrae. 1:65.
Carpels united until maturity; bog plants; flowers racemed or spiked.
. F'am. 4. Silii-Ui-li::iiiaifai\ 1:82.
Perianth of 2series of segments, the outer (sepals) green, the inner (pet.ils) mo.stly white.
Fam. 5. Alisinacrai: 1:84.
Penanth supenor; carpels united. Fam. 6. i'allisiiciiaceji: 1:92.
Vol.. III.]
gi;nek.\i< key to thi': okdI'RS and 1'AMii,ii:s.
IX
t + I'liiwds ill the axils nf dry clialTy scales (kIhuu's), ;iiraiii;ril in ■-)pik<H or spiki-lcts.
OkUt.V CiKA.MlNAI.I'.S [li'llllllijiollie).
I'liiil a carycjpsis (Rraiii); stfiiis i minis) iiKistly licjlldw in (jui spicifs. I'aiii 7. (,'inij/innii . i: 94.
I'ruil an aclicni; slciiis I iiilins) solid. I'ani. S cy/>i>aiiiii\ l: 2ji.
(Onlir 4, I'KiNCiri.s, inclmlinn; only tlic f.miily /'ii/iimci-.ir. I'.iliiis ami Onlcr 5, Svnamiias,
includiiiK only ilie family CvifiUilJuui iii\ aiv ncjt riiiirsLiilcd in our Irrnlory ;
■X* ^ Inflorcacence a fleshy spadix, with or without a spathe ; or plants minute, tloatintf free, the Howera
few or solitary on the nia-f{in or back of the thalluH.
Order (1 Akai.i;s (Sfin.'/iiy/orar).
I.aryt' liirbs, with normal foliage and uell divxlopi-d spadix. I'.im. c). Aiiiadi-. I; /x).
Minute lloaliiiK llmlloiil j>lants. I'ani. 10. I.i-mii.ici\ii-. i ,!'),';.
2. Carpels united into a compound ovary ; parts of the usually complete (lowers mostly in 3'8 or 6'8.
■X- Seeds with endosperm.
t I'lowcrs regular, or nearly so (coiolla irremil.ir in I'nyiiimlhia).
X ICndosperm mealy; ovary superior. Order 7. XvKniAi.i;s ( /'c/; ///h.k/^).
a. Ovary i-ctlltd.
A'lU.ilic moss-like U.ify herbs; flowers solilaiy. I'ain. ii. Jf<iyii,,i,,'ir. l: t,(^T.
Krect rush-like herbs; llowersiu terminal scaly headsorspikes. I'ani. 12. .\'\> idatdir. l:,ViH.
Jtud or aquatic herbs, the flowers subtended by s)iallies { tlili I'ln/lii 1,1 in I'ontcderiaeeae 1: ,171)).
b. Ovary 2 .veclled (except in some I'oiUederi.iceac).
I'lowcrs very small, Ictisely cai)ilate, monoecious or dioecious. I'.im. 1 \. En'iHaidatitir.
I'Unvers perfect.
ICi)iphytes; leaves scuify. I'aiii, 14. Jlroiiiiliacr.ir.
Terrestrial or .■i'|ii;itic herbs; leaves not scurfy.
rerianth cf 2 series (jf parts, the outer (sejials) green, the inner (petals) ccdored.
I''.ini 15 C<i>niiir/iniiti(i(\
Perianth 6parled. I'am. \(> /'iiii/i,/i>iaii-ai .
t I Kndosperm fleshy or horny; ovary superior or inferior. Onler -S. I.ii.iai,i:s.
a. Ovary superior (t xcept in .IA7;/t, in the I.iliaceae, and some species of /VfiUiliiius in the
Melantliaeeae).
Peri;iiith segments distinct, green or brown, not petal like; herbs with grass like Uaves ami sni.ill
llowers. Kam, 17. //n/ci/ov^ . i;.iSi.
Perianth segments distinct, or p irtly united, at least the inner pet.d like.
I'riiit a capsule (except in i'liccii /iiiKdfii, where it is large, fleshy and indehisceiit ).
Cai>-iUle mostly septicidal; jilants rarely bulbous. F.im. is. ,!/< /iiii//nii(ji\ I: ,i99.
Cai)sule locuticidal (seplicidal in tu/uc/ior/ii.s); plants mostly bnlbous.
I'.ini. 19. I,iliaci\i,\ I: 410.
I'ruit a fleshy berry.
ICrect herbs; tendrils none; flowers perfect. p'am. 20, I'njiyii/.'ni I'.ucai-. 1:427.
Vines, clinibiiig by tendrils, or r.irely erect; flowers dioecicnis, in axillarv umbels.
i'ani. 21. .Sill i/ii< (III . I; O**.
b Ovary inferior, wholly or in part.
Slamens 3. opposite the inner corolla-segments. Ivim. 22 //.;< ///.k/i'm/ca^c. 1:442.
Stamens 6 in our species.
Ivrect perennial herbs; flowers p.rfect. I'am. ^5. Aiiiiir\ili<laiciic. l:4|,t.
Twining vines; flowers dioeciotis. I'am. 2(. Didscon-airar. i: 44(1.
Stamens 3, opposite the outer corolla-segments. I'aiii. 2s. liitluciaf. i:.i(7.
t t I'lowers very irregular; ovary inferior. Order o. Slii'.vminai.ics.
One family represented in our territory. I'ain. 26. Maitnilanai: 1:454.
-;■;- -X- Seeds without endosperm, very numerous and minute ; ovary inferior.
Order 10. (Jkciiidai.IvS ( Micios/xriiini).
I'lowers regular; stem-leaves reduced to scales. Fain. 27. I!iiiiiiiiiiiti(ici\u\ i; }5,s.
I'lowers very irregular. Fain. 2.S, Oitliulincai-. i;4,S').
l:,37l.
JM7«.
Subclass 2. DicoTYLKDoNEs.
i: 482,
Hmdrvcj .nokmai.lv wrrii 2 cotvi.kdons; stkms i)ir.-Ki;Hi.;xTiArn:i) i.sro prni, wood a.vd is.xkk;
LEAVES MOSTLV XET-VKI-Nl;!).
I: 62.
;63.
lies).
1:65.
i:K2.
i: 84.
i: 92.
Series I. Cni)uiPicrAi,Aic. 1:482102:547.
Pi/a/s ilisliiiil lo III,- !his<\ or wanlhif; (exceptions noted Vol. i: 482).
A. Petals none, except in Portulacaceae and in most Caryoi)liyllaccae, which are herbs with leaves
nearly always opposite, the seeds with endosperm, and in the pistillate flowers of the walnuts
(Jui;liins).
I. Calyx none (except in the Juglandaceac, which are trees with odd pinnate leaves).
Marsh herbs with perfect flowers in nodding spikes. Order i. Pipkrai.IvS.
One family only. Fam. i. Siiuiiirmcac. 1:482.
Trees or shrubs; staminate flowers, and sometimes also the pistillate, in aments.
Leaves odd-pinnate; fruit a nut enclosed in a liu-k. Order 2 Jtclandalks.
One family only. Viww. 2. Jiif;laiidaiia,\ 1:483.
Leaves simple.
I'ruit i-seeded. Order 3. MvuiCALlxs.
Ovule erect, orthotropous. Fam. 3. Afyiicaccai-. 1:487.
Ovule laterally attached, ascending, ampliitropotis. V&m. ^. Lcihxriacrai: 1:4^9.
Fruit many-seeded; seeds with a tuft of hairs at one end. Order 4. Samcai.ks.
One family only. F'ain. 5. Sdlicaieac. 1:490.
X CENERAL KEV TO THE ORDERS AND FAMILIES.
2. Calyx present.
.;4. Flowers, at least the staminate ones, in aments. Order s. FAtl.VLE.'i.
Hotli staminate and jjistillate flowers in iiments. Fam. 6. Hiliilaciac. 1:506.
Pistillate flowers subtended by an involucre, which becomes a bur or a cup in fruit.
Fam. 7. J'affaccar. 1:513.
-^ 4f Flowers not in aments lin ament-Iike spikes in A/<trui), but variously clustered, rarely solitary,
a. I'lowers monoecious, dioecious or ])oIyKamou» (sometimes perfect in Uliiiiis)\
ovary superior, I -celled. Order 6. rRric.\LE.s.
Iruit not an achene: trees, shrubs or herbs; ovule pendulous.
Trees with alternate leaves, the sap not milky. I'am. .S. Ulmaciar. i: 523.
Trees with alternate leaves and milky sap; or opposite-leaved herbs or herbaceous vines.
Kam. 9. Mnraciar. i; 527.
Fruit an achene; herbs with small clustered greenish flowers; ovule erect or ascending.
Fam. 10. Urlicaceac. 1: 530.
(Order 7, I'KOTr.M.ES, extensively devehiped in the southern hemisphere, is not represented in
our area.)
b. Flowers dioecious, or perfect; ovary inferior, at least in part.
Ovary i-celled. Order 8. S.\ntal.\LES.
Tree-parasites, with opposite leaves or scales; fruit a berry. Fam. 11. Lornntliaccaf. 1:534.
Root-parasites, or shrubs; leaves alternate in our (jeneia; fruit a drupe, or nut.
l"ani. 12. SiDitalaciar. 1:536.
Ovary several- (usually 6-) celled; flowers perfect. Order 9. Aristoldchiales.
One family in our area. Fam. 13. Aristoliicluaccae. 1:537.
C. Flowers mostly perfect in our (fenera (dioecious in some .species of Rnmcx iti Polygonaceae,
monoecious or dioecious in some Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae); ovary superior.
t Embryo str-iight, or nearly so; fruit an achene. Order 10. Phlyconale-S.
One family. I'am. 14. Poh'ffiiiiaccui. 1:541.
t t Embryo coiled, curved, or annular; fruit not an achene.
Order 11. Che.noPudi.vles ( Ccnirosperntac).
Fruit a utricle (see also last genera of Caryophyllaceae ).
Flowers bractless, or, if bracted, the bracts not scarious; sepals green, or greenish.
Fam. 15. Chcnopodiactae. l: 569.
Flowers bracted, the bracts, and also the sepals mostly scarious.
Fam. 16. Amaranthacear. I: 5?6.
Fruit fleshy, enclosing several carpels; a berry. I'am. 17. Phylolaccaccac. 1:593.
Fruit an anthocarp, the persistent base of the corolla-like c.ilyx enclosing a utricle.
Fam. IS, yyclai^inaceae. \\ 594.
Fruit a capsule, dehiscent by valves,
of tlie Caryophyllaceae).
Capsule j-severaicelled; petals none.
Capsule I -celled; petals mostly present.
.Sepals 2. I''ani. 20. PorlHlacaceac. 2: i.
Sepals 5 or 4. distinct or united. I'am. 21. Ca>yoph\'llaCiai . 2: 6.
or teeth (utricular in Aiiycliia, Panmyc/iia and Sc/iraiit/ius
I'am. 19. Aizoaceac. 1:597.
B.
Petals present (wanting in Ceratophyllaceae — aciu.itic herbs with whorled dissected leaves; in.
many Ranunculaceae; in Ot/vinnir/^uiii — a dioecious vine of the Menisperniaceae; in Laura-
ceae — altenialeleaved aromatic trees and shrubs; in I'odostemaceae — aquatic herbs, the sim-
ple flowers involucrate: in Lh/iiniaiiihar — ,1 tree, with palmately-lobed leaves and capitate
flowers of the Hamanu-lidaceae; in Stnn;iiisi>rt)fi — herbs with pinnate leaves of the Rosaceae;
in .\'(i(;///iiri/»;«— trees with pinnate leaves of the Rutaceae; in Euphorbiaceae; in Callitrieh-
aceae, Kmpetraceae and lluxaceae; in sunie of the .Aceraceae and Rhamnaceac; in Thymele-
aceae, Elaeagnaceae, and in some species of Ludu ii;ia in Onagraceae and of \yssa in Cor-
n.'iceael.
I.
Ovary siipi rio)\/i , , from Ihr cnly.v (partly or wholly inferior in some Saxifragaceae,
in (irossulariaceae, Haniamelidaceae, I'oniaceae and Loasaceae).
I. Carpels sohtary, or several or distinct (united in some Nymphaeaceae); stamens mostly hypogynous
and more numerous than the sepals ; sepals mostly distinct. Order 12. R.\nales.
-X- Aquatic herbs ; floating leaves peltate, or with a basal sinus.
Carpels 3, or more; petals large; floating leaves not dissected. Fam. 22 yynif>litifacitii: 2:41.
Pistil I ; petals none; leaves whorled. all submersed and dissected. Fam. 23. Ceralof>liyl!iZCcat\ 2:46.
■K- *)t Land or marsh plants (some Ranunculaceae aquaticK
Stamens numerous; sepals distinct; petals present (except in some Ranunculaceae and in CalyiO-
cnrpiim of the Slenispermaceae).
Receptacle not hollow; leaves alternate (except in C/eiiin/ii).
Flowers perfect (except in some species of C/i malis and Tlialiclnini).
I'ruit aggregate, cone-like; trees; sepals and petals in 3 series, or more, of 3.
I'am. 24. Mai;i!oliaii'at\
I'ruit not aggregate, the carpels separate, at lest w.' ci mature.
Anthers not opening by valves; pistils usually mc re than i.
Sepals 3; petals (1; shrubs or trees. I'am. 25. Anonaccac.
Se])als 3-15; petals (when i)resent ) about-as many; our species herbs or vines
( .\V7«V//(>/;///c(; shrubby 1. ■ I'am. 26. Rainiiiciilactai.
Anthers opening by valves (except in P,Hlitpl.yllii)n 1; pistil i
I'am. 27. Berbiridaceai\
Dioecious climbing vines with simple leaves; fniit dnipaceous.
Fam. 2S. Hfiiiisptrmoccai-.
Receptacle hollow, enclosing the numerous pistils and iiohenes; opposite-leaved shrubs.
Fflin 29. Calyiiiiilhaciae.
Stamens 9 or 12, in 3 or 4 series of 3- anthers opening by valves; aromatic trees or shrubs with no
petals, more or less united sejials, and 1 pistil. I'am. 30. Laiiraceac. 2: 95.
2:47.
2:49.
vines
2:50.
2: S9.
2:93-
2:94.
■
2:41.
2: 46.
M/jiO-
2:47.
2:49-
r vines
2; 50.
2-
89.
2
93.
2
vitl
2
9*.
no
95.
GENERAL KEY TO THE ORDERS AND FAMILIES.
XI
2: 169.
2: 187.
2: 192
2: l.)4.
194.
2. Carpels 2 or more, united into a compaund ovary; stamens hypagynous; sepals mostly distinct.
^ Plants not insectivorous.
Order 13. P.M'.werales {Rlioeadali\).
Sei)iils 2 (very rarely 3 or 4! ; endosperm fleshy. Fam. 31. I'apaveractac. 2: 98,
St]) lis or calyx-s-cKnietits 4-.S; endosperm none.
Capsule 2cened by a I'lngitudinal parlilion, usually avalved, rarely inileliiscent; sepals and
petids 4. Fam. 32. Crucifciai\ 2: 10.8.
Capsule i-celled. of 2-0 earpels.
Sepals and petals 4, regular, or petals irregular; capsule of 2 carpels, 2valved.
I'am. 33. Ctippiiriiiaii-ae. 2: 154.
Sepals and petals 4-8, irregular; capsule of 3-6 carpels, 3-6-valved at the top; disk large.
Fam. 34. Kisidiici-ae. 2: 158.
4>r V- Insectivorous plants, secreting a viscid liquid, with basal leaves and scapose flowers.
Order 14 Sarkaci;niali;s.
Ovary 3-5-celled; leaves hollow. Fam. 35. Sanaiematiac. 2: i.sy.
Ovary i-celled; leaves circinate in unfolding, the blade flat. I'am. 36. DrDU'iiuear. 2:160.
3. Carpels solitary, or several and distinct, or sometimes united; stamens mostly perigynous or epigynous;
sepals mainly united or confluent with the concave receptacle. Order 15. Rosales.
^y- Small aquatic fleshy herbs, with a spathe-Iike involucre, and a 2-3-celled capsule; perianth none.
Fam. 37. I'oitoslfiiiaceac. 2: 163.
J.;. .;.;. Land or rarely swamp plants without an involucre.
t Eiiiiosperm prestnl, iisual/y copious and Jtcsliy.
Carpels as many as the calyx-segments; stamens as luany or twice as many; more or less fleshy
herbs. Fam. 38 Crassiilaciar. 2: 163.
Car])els fewer than the calyx-segments, mostly 2 (ovaty i celled in I'aiHussia).
Herbs, or opposite-leaved shrubs. I'"am. 39. Saxi/'ragacear.
Alternate-leaved shrubs or trees; styles 2.
Fruit a i -celled berry. I'ain 40. Grossiil nianai'.
Fruit a 2 celled woody or hard capsule. Fam. 41. Hainan.iliilaccai'.
^'\ Endosperm none, or z'ery Ullli' (co|)ious in Opulaslcr, shrub of the Rosaceae).
J Trees with broad leaves and small monoecious capitate flowers.
Fam. 42. Phitaiuiciar.
X X I'lowers perfect (dioecious in Arii>Hits:\\\y\ in species of Frn^aria of the Rosaceae ; in Gledilsta
and Gyninocladiis oi \.\\c Caesalpiniaceae, and rarely in some Papilionaceae).
a. Flowers regular.
Pistils usually several or numerous (one only in Cricoiarpiis and sometimes in species of Alchc-
nulla and Sanguisorha ).
Carpels distinct, sometimes adnale to the c;ilyx, ripening into follicles or aclienes.
Fam. 43. Kosacrat'.
Carpels united, enclosed by the ciilyxtnbe and adnate to it, the fruit a pome.
l'"am. 44. Poma<ear.
Pistil only i.
Ovary 2-ovuled; fruit a drupe; leaves simple. Fam. 45. Drnpaciar.
Ovary several-ovuled; fruit a legume; leaves 2-3-pinn.ate. l''am. 46. Miniosaccar.
b. Flowers irregular (nearly or quite regular in Chdilsia and Gyninmladns,
trees of the Caesalpiniaceae).
Fruit a legume; upper petal enclosed by the lateral ones in the bud; leaves compound, mostly stip-
ulate. I'am. 47. Oil salptni'ari III . 2: 256.
Fruit spiny, indehiscent; leaves simple, exstipulate. I'am. 48. fCramrriaiinr. 2: 261.
Fruit a legume or loment; upper petal enclosing the lateral ones in the bud; leaves compound
(soi.ietimes i-foliolate), stipulate. Fam. 49. Pnpilionaciar. 2:262.
4. Catpels united into a compound ovary; sepals mostly distinct.
■~ Stamens few, rarely more than twice as many as the sepals.
t Stamens as many as the sepals or fewer, and opposite them, or more numerous.
t Ovules pendulous, the rajihe toward the axis of tlie ovary. Order 16. Gkraxi ales.
Stamens more than one; land plants.
l-'lowers regular, or nearly so; petals i)resent, usually as many as the sepals.
Herbs, the leaves not punctate; flowers perfect.
Leaves not pinnately compcmnd.
Capsule at length splitting into its 5 carpels; leaves lobed or dissected.
Fam, 50. Geraniaci'ae. 2
Capsule 2-,s-celled. not splitting into its carpels.
Stamens 2-3 times as many as the petals; leaves 3-foliolate in our species.
Fam. 51. Oxalidaciae. 2
Stamens as many as the petals; leaves entire. Fam. 52. Linaceac. 2
Leaves pinnately compound. Fam. 53. ZytiOphyUaceae. 2
Our species trees of shrubs with compound leaves, often purictate; flowers dioecious or
polygamous.
Leaves punctate. Fam. ^\. Rutacear. 2: 352,
Leaves not punctate, but the bitter bark with oil-sacs. Fam. 55. Simaruhacraf. 2: 354.
Flowers very irregular; petals 3; stamens usually 8; low herbs. Fam. ,56. Polyaalacear. 2: 35,^.
I'lowers regular, often apetalous, small, monoecious or dioecious; carpels niost'v 3; herbs or
low shrubs, mostly with milky juice. Fam. ,57. Euphorhiac'car. 2:361.
Stamen only i; perianth none; styles 2; small aquatic or rarely terrestrial plants with opposite en-
tire leaves. Fam. 58. Callitrichaciac. 2: 381.
X X Ovules pendulous, with the raphe away from the axis of the ovary, or erect or ascending.
Order 17. Sapindales.
a. Flowers regular, or nearly so ( except in Hippocastanaceae, which are trees or shrubs
with digitately compound leaves).
Petals none (or 3 in Empetrum); flowers monoecious or dioecious; leaves evergreen.
Stamens mostly 3; low heath like shrubs. l.'am. 59. Empctraceae. 2: 383.
Stamens 4-7; our species an herb with broad leaves and spiked flowers.
Fam. 60. Buxaceae. 2: 384.
232.
246.
254-
:34o.
344.
348.
35'-
xu
GENERAL KEY TO THE ORDERS AM) FAMILIES.
2: 41*1.
2:4(12.
1404.
■V7-
Petals present; leaves' clcciduous, except in Cyrillaeiae and some Ilicaceae.
Low annual herbs, with i)iiinately ilivided leaves, the stamens twice as many as the petals.
I'am. (ji. LimnaHlluucac. 2. 3S5.
Trees or shnib", or rarely herbaceous vines.
Ovary 1 celled (in ours); fruit a small drupe. Fani. 62. Aiiaiaidiaceae. 2: 3,S5.
Ovary 2-scveralcelled.
Leaves siniiile, piunately veined.
Seeds not ariUed.
I'ruit <lry; flowers raceined, perfect. Tani. 63. Cyrillaifae. 2: .^''o
l'"rnit a small drupe; llowers not racemed, mostly polyKanu)-dioecious; ovules
pendulous. Kani. 6j. Ilicaceae. 2: 390.
Seeds atilled; ovules erect; capsule fleshy. Kam. 65. Celaslraceae. 2; 393.
Leaves simple ami ])alniately veined, or compound.
Leaves opposite.
l'"ruii a bladdery 3-lobed capsule. Tani. 66 Slafilirleaceae. 2. 306.
l-ruit of 2 wiuKed sanniras. l"am. 67. Acetaceae. 2: 396.
I'ruit a leathery capsule; flowers irregular; leaves dipitately compound.
Fam. fi.s IIi[tpocaslanacccn .
Leaves alternate; fruit various. I'am. ')q. Sapindaccae.
b. Flowers very irregular, the posterior sepal lart;e. saccate; succulent herbs, the capsule
elastically dehiscent. Fam. 70. Hnhaniinaciae. 2: 403.
t t Stamens as many as the sepals ami alternate with them, opposite the petals when
these are present; ovules erect. Order 18. Kh.vmnales.
Shrubs, small trees, or vines; ]ietals .( or 5, or U(jne; fruit a drupe or cap'^ule.
Kam 71. Rhaniiiaceae. 2:
Vines, climbing by tendrils, rarely shrubs; petals caducous; fruit a berry.
Fam. 72. I'ilaceae. 2:
^ '.'; Stamens usually very numerous 1 except in some Hypericaceae, in Elatinaceae, Violaceae
and PassiHoraceaci; disk inconspicuous or none,
t Sepals valvate; placentae united in llie axis of the capsule. Order ig. ILvLV.M.ES.
Stamens in several sets; anthers 2-celled: embryo straiglit. l"am. 73. Tiliaceac. 2:413.
Stamens monadelphous; anthers iceiltd; embryo curved. F.im. 74. Miilzaceae. 2; 415.
t t Sepals or calyx seRments imbricated or convolute ( except in Loasaceae, in which the calyx-tube
is adnate to the ovary); i)lacentae n\aiuly i)arielal, sometimes united in the axis.
Order 20. 1'ariet.\les.
Sepals distinct, mostly persistent.
Endosperm little or none.
Trees or shrubs with alternate leaves, and large solitary axill.iry flowers.
Fam. 75. Thcaceae. 2:426.
Herbs or low shrubs with opposite, rarely verticillate leaves.
Leaves |)unctale or black doited, exsiipulate. Fam. 76. IJvpeiicaceae. 2: 427.
Leaves stipulate; minute or small mar^h or acpiatic herbs with axillary flowers.
Fam. 77. ICIaliiiaccae. 2: 437.
Endosperm co))ioHS.
F'lowers regular, but the 2 outer sepals smaller; stamens numerous; ovules orthotropous.
Fam, 7.S. Cislaccae. 2: 439.
Flowers irregular, some often cleistogamous; stamens 5; ovules anatropons.
I'am. 79. I'lolaccae. 2: 445.
Sepals more or less united into a gamosep;ilous calyx.
A fringed crown in the throat of the calyx; our species vines: .stamens 5; ovary free from
the calyx. Fam. 80. t'assijloraceae. 2: 457.
No crown; our species herbs; stamens numerous; ovary adnate to the calyx.
Fam. .*i. Loasaceae. 2: 45S.
11. Oiai y iiiftiior, adiinle lo llie cah'.v, -ulioHv. or in pari (except in Lythraceae and our Melasto-
maceae, where it is usually merely enclosed by it, and in Thymeleaceae and Ulaeaguaceae,
which are shrubs or trees, with no corolla).
1. Fleshy spiny plants, with jointed stems, the leaves very small, or none; calyx-segments and
petals very numerous. Order 21. OrfNTiAi.ES.
One family. Fam. 82. Caclaceae. 2: 460.
2. Herbs, shrubs or trees, not fleshy nor spiny; calyx-segments and petals (when present) rarely
more than 5.
Petals none in our species; shrubs or trees; ovary i ovuled. Order 22. Tiivmele.\les.
Leaves green; seed pendulous. Fam. .S3. Thymeleaceae. 2:46,';.
Leaves silver-scurfy; seed erect. Fam. 84. Eiaeagnaccae. 2:466.
Pet: 's present (exce])t in some Ilaloragidaceae, which are small aquatic herbs).
Ovules several or numerous in each cavity of the ovary (except in Haloragidaccae and Trap-
aceae). Order 23. 'i-'[\KX.\\.vs(MyrliJlorac).
Land or marsh plants, or, if aquatic, submerged leaves not dissected.
Calyx tube merely enclosing the ovary, but free from it, except at the base. )
.■\nthers longitudinally dehiscent. Fam. 8,s. Lythraceae. 2: 468.
Anthers opening by a terminal pore. I'am. 86. Melaslomaceae. 2: 473,
Calyx-tube abnost wholly adnate to the ovary. Fam. 87. Onagraceae. 2: 475.
Aquatic or amphibious herbs, the submerged leaves dissected (except in Hippiiris, which
has whorled narrow leaves and only i stamen).
Petioles of the broad floating leaves inflated; flowers rather large, white.
Fam. 88. Trapaceae. 2: 500.
Leaves most sessile; petioles, if present, not inflated; flowers small, greenish; seeds
with I coat. F'ani, 89. Hc'oragtdaceae. 2: ^(k).
Ovules I in each cavity of the ovary. Order 24. Umbellales ( Umbelliflorac).
Stamens 5; styles 2-,s, rarely united; flowers umbellate or capitate.
Fruit a fleshy berry or drupe. Vvcvx. <f). Araliaceae, 2:505.
Fruit dry when mature, splitting into two mericarps. Fam. 91. Umbelliferae. 2:508.
Stamens 4; style i; stigma i; shrubs and trees; flowers not umbellate.
F-am. 92. Cornaceae. 2: 542.
I
i
'»
C.KNKRAL KUX TO THE ORDERS AND FAMILIES.
xin
2: 3^5-
■. 2:3''9-
s; ovules
'. 2: 390.
•• 2: 393.
2: 404.
2: 426.
:iUS.
2: 439.
2:445-
2; 460.
I rarely
2: 468.
2: 473-
2:475.
s, which
2: SCO.
h; seeds
2: 5<jo.
ifloiac).
2: 505-
2:508.
2: 542-
i
Series 2. OAMoi'i/rAl.AK. 2: 5.(8 to 3: 493.
/'rill I i iHoie or It sr. iini/nl. (See exceptions iioleJ on page si^^, Vol. 2. )
A. Ovary superior (except in Vaccini.iceae :incl .Symplocaceiie, in which it is partly or wholly
inferior. )
I. Stamens mostly free from the corolla, or adnate merely to its base (at the sinuses of the corolla
in Piiifiensia and I'yi idanllicia of the Diapensiaceae ), as many as the lobes and
alternate with them, or twice as in.iny. Order i, Kkicales,
Stamens free from the corolla, or m -rely adnate to its base, not united into a tube.
Ovary superior; fruit a capsule, or rarely drupaceous.
Corolla essentially poiypetalous.
Ovary 3-vclled; shrubs; leaves deciduous. Fam. i. CIrtlnaccaf. 2:51?.
Ovary 4-5 celled; low, mostly evergreen perennials. Fam. 2. I'yioliui .if. 2: ,i;49.
Corolla distinctly gamopetalous (except in .Utnio/ro/hi and //!'/'■ '/'/Vi.> of the Moiiotropaceae
and Ledum of the Kiicaceae).
Herbaceous saprophytes without green leaves. Fam. 3 .Moiio/ro/xiceae. 2: 5,i.(.
Shrubs with normal, often evergreen leaves. I'lmi 4. Kiicuceae. 2:556.
Ov.iry inferior, id.uite to the calyx, forming a many-seeded berry in fruit.
l"am. 5. I'ncciiiiaieae. 2:573.
Stamens borne at the sinuses of the corolla, or united in /i 10 lobid tube.
I'am. 0. Dwpoisitueac. 2: 5SJ.
II. Stamens borne on the corolla, as many as its lobes and opposite them or twice as many, or more.
Herbs.
.Style I ; fruit a capsule.
Styles s; fruit .\\\ acliene or utricle.
Shrubs or trees.
Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes.
Stamens twice as many as the coro11aloV)es, or more.
.Styles 2 S; flowers mostly monoecious or dioecious.
Style 1, simple or lobed; flowers mostly perfect.
Stamens in several series.
.Stani'.ns in i seiies.
III.
Order 2. Prtmi'Lali:s.
Fam. 7. Piimulaccaf. 2:584.
I''jtli. « /'III nihil i;iniicriif. 2; 594.
Orders. Uiiknai.i-;s.
Fam. 9. Sapolaceaf. 2: 595.
Fam. 10. Ebcimccac. 2: ^(ji'i.
Fam. II. Syniplocaceac. 2:597.
Fam. \2.' Slyiacaccac. 2; 59S.
Stamens borne on the corolla, as many .-is its lobes or fewer, .and alternate with them ( In our
species of J'm.iiiiiis and Adilia of the Oleaceae there is no corolla;.
* Corolla not sairious, nerved.
t Ovaries 2, distinct (except in some Logaiiiaccae. and in (ientianaceae and Menyanthaceae, in
which the ovary is comixiund. with 2 cavities, or rarely more, or with 1 cavity and 2
])lacentae); flowers regular; stamens mostly adnate to only the lower part
of the corolla; leaves mostly opposite.
Order 4. Gk.ntianales {Conlorlae).
a. Stamens (usually 2), fewer than the corolla-lobe.", or corolla none; our species
trees or shrubs. I'am. 13. Oleaceae. 2; 600.
b. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes; mostly herbs.
Stigmas distinct; juice not milky; ovary i, compound.
Ovary 2 celled; leaves stipulate, or their bases connected by a stipular line.
I'-ani. 14. Loganiaceae. 2:(j<i4.
Ovary i-celled: leaves not stipulate.
Leaves opposite or rarely verticillate; coroUa-lobe.s convolute or imbricated in the bud.
Fam. 15. Geiiliiiiiaeeae. 2; 606.
Leaves basal or alternate; corolla-lobes induplicate-valvate in the l)ud; marsh or aquatic
herbs. Fam. 10. Mtiiyaiilliaceae. 2:621.
Stigmas united: juice milky: ovaries 2 in our species.
Styles united; .^-tamens distinct; pollen of simple grains. Fam. 17. Apocynaceae. 3: i.
Styles distinct; stamens mostly monadelphous; pollen-grains united into waxy masses.
Fam. 18. Aselcpiadaceae. 3:4.
tt Ovary i, com])ound (2divided in Dicliondra of the Convolvulaceae; in Boraginaceae and Labi-
atae mostly deeply 4-lobed around the style) flowers regular or irregular; stamens mostly
adnate to the middle of the corolla-tube or beyond; leaves opposite or alternate.
Order 5. Poi.kmom.m.es ( Tiibijlorae).
a. Corolla regular (irregular in Echium oK the Boraginaceae).
Ovary not 4 lobed, th" carpels not separating as sepanite nutlets at maturity.
Ovary 2-celled, rarely 3-4-celled; style i, entire, 2-cleft, or 2-parted; mostly twining vines.
Leaves normal. Fam. 19. Convolvulaceae. 3: 19.
White or yellowish parasitic vines, the leaves reduced to minute scales.
Fam. 20. Cusciitaceae. 3: 27,
Ovary 3-celled; stigmas 3, linear; herbs, not twining. Fam. 21. Polemoniaceac. 3:31.
Ovary i-celled (2-celled in Nama); style i, 2-lobed, or 2-parted; herbs, not twining.
l''am. 22. Hydropliyllaceae. 3: 43.
Ovary deeply 4-lobed around the style, or not lobed (Hcliolropiuni): carpels separating as nutlets.
Fam, 23. Boraginaceae. 3: 50,
b. Corolla irregular, more or less 2-lipped (regular in Solanaceae, in Meiiiha and Lyco pit s ol the
Labiatae, and nearly or quite so in Verbena and Callicarpa of the Verbenaceae).
I. Carpels 1-2-seedcd.
Ovary not lobed, 2-4-celled, the style apical; carpels separating into l-sccded nutlets.
l"am. 24. Verbenaceae. 3: 69.
Ovary 4 lobed around the style, the lobes ripening into i-seeded nutlets.
Fam. 25. Labiatae. 3: 74.
•viv GENERAL KEY TO THE ORDERS AND I-AMILIES.
2. Carpels sevLTal-nmiiy-seecled (2 rieeded in some Acantliaccae )
: Fruit a berry, or more commonly a capsule which is i-j-celled, j-valved, circumscissile or irrezularlv
bursting, not elastically dehiscent. ^sui^ny
Placentae axile.
Ovary 2celled, or rarelj- 3-5-celled.
Flowers regular; fertile stamens 5 (4 in Petunia), fruit a berry or capsule.
Ti., 1 • ... Fain. 26. Sill a II ac ear. \. \2\
Flowers more or less irregular; fertile stamens 2 or 4 (5 in Vcibasnim): fruit a capsule.
3: 142.
/-> >, J . . Fam. 27
Uvary i-celled; marsh or aciuattc lierljs with flowers on scai)es.
Scrofihulariaceai'
Faui. 2S. Leii/ihulariaceai:
Placentae parietal
Herbs parasitic on the roots of other plants, the leaves reduced to scales, not green
i-celled. , , , , Fam. 20. OroliancluiLLUc.
Trees, vines, shrubs, or herbs, the foliage normal.
Trees, shrubs, or woody vines; capsule 2-celled; seeds winged in our genera.
/-, .» , J. , , Fam. xo. liiii'iioniaccar.
Opposite-leaved herbs: capsule i-celled in our genus; seeds wingless.
Fam. 31. Afar/yiiiauai
3. 188.
ovary
3: 194.
3: lyS.
, Capsule completely j-celled, elastically loculicidally dehiscent; opVosite'ieaved'her'bsrplacen^ae'^'
r, ., . ,, , . , °'"'*' Pam. ^2. Acaii//i,ur,ie. 3:201.
Ovary and fruit i celled with i erect orthotropous ovule and seed; herb with spicate flowers
and reflexed fruits. Fum. .^2. P/ininaceaf. 3:205.
^ i'- Coro//a sairioiis. HiTZ'iiess. Order 6. Plant.xgi.wlf.s
Herbs with small spicate or capitate flowers; one family. Fam.
B. Ovary inferior.
I. Anthers distinct.
33. Plantaginaceae. 3: 205.
Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes and alternate with them (one fewer in Unnaea of the Capri
foliaceae), or twice as many; ovary compound, with i ovule or more in each cavity leaves
Order 7. Rvuiales.
3: 211.
3; 227.
opposite, or verticillate
Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes.
Uaves always stipulate, usually blackening in drying. Fam. sj. Rnhiaaar
Leaves usually exstipulate, not blackening in drying. Fam. 35. tSapriMiao'ae
btamens twice as many as the corolla-lobes; low herb with ternately divided leaves.
Stamens^mostlyjewer.than the corolla-lobes; ovary l-celled with i ptndifouf ovu?e,Tr 3-celVed
Orders. V.^lerianalks {Aggrei^atae).
Fam. 37 " ■
Fatii.
with 2 of the cavities without ovules.
Ovary i-celled; flowers densely capitate, involucrate. Fatii. 38. L.fsacaccae. 3:247.
n. Anthers united (except in Campanula and Legouzia of the Campanulaceae, in Ambrosiaceae
. . and in A H/zH/a of the Compositae. Order 9. Camfaxulales (Ca«//>a«;</fl/ac)'
Flowers not in involucrate heads; juice mostly milky.
F.ndosperm none; flowers monoecious or dioecious; our species vines
Fio.i^'^KE^'iiS^^ '-- ^-'-^- FSiv^^^:/;f^=
Flowers all expanded into rays (ligulate); juice milky. Fam. 41. Cichoriaceac
flow-ers all tubular, or the outer expanded into rays; juice very rarely milkv
tt^Ill!"^ *^"VT,' °','"'"'>' ';"• ■ Fam. 42. Amiirosiacra,:
btamens united by their anthers into a tube around the style (except in Kuhnia).
Fam. 43. Compositae.
249.
252.
3: 261.
3: 292.
3:29s.
T
ILLUSTRATED FLORA.
VOL. Ill,
3:188.
3: 198.
3:211
3:227
3: 249-
3: 252.
3; 261.
3: 292.
3:29s.
Family 17. APOCYNACEAE Liiidl. Xat. Sy.st. Ed. 2, 299. 1836.
]Jo<;n.\NH l".\Mn,v.
Perennial lierb.s, shrubs, vines, or some tropical genera trees, mostly with an
acrid milky juice, with simple opposite alternate or verticillate exstipulate
leaves, and perfect regular 5 -parted cymose solitary or paniculate flowers.
Calyx inferior, persistent, the lobes imbricated in the bud. Corolla gamopeta-
lous, its lobes convolute in the bud and often twisted. Stamens as many as the
lobes of the corolla, alternate with them, inserted on the tube or throat; anthers
linear-oblong, or sagittate, 2-celled ; pollen-grains simple, often glutinous.
Ovary superior, or its ba.se adherent to the calyx, of 2 distinct carpels, or
1 -celled, with 2 parietal placentae, or 2-celled; ovules few or numerous, anatro-
pous or amphitropous; style simple, or 2-divided; stigma simple. Fruit usually
of 2 follicles or drupes. Seeds often appendaged by a coma; endo.sperm fleshy,
not copious; embrj-o straight; cotyledons flat or concave; radicle terete, usually
shorter than the cotyledons.
About i^ogencni and 11)50 species, very widely distributed, mostly in tropic.il regions.
Leaves alternate; erect herbs.
Leaves (jpposite; vines or herbs.
Flowers large, axillary, solitary.
Flowers small, cymose.
ICrect or dilTuse herbs; corolla cainpauulate.
High climbing vines; corolla funnelform.
1. A II I sunt a.
2. I'iiica.
Apocynum.
Trachelospenii u m .
I. AMSONIA Walt. Fl. Car. 98. 1788.
Perennial herbs, with alternate membranous leaves, and rather large blue or bluish flow-
ers, in terminal tliyrsoid or corymbose cymes. Calyx 5-parted, the segments narrow, acumi-
nate. Corolla mostly salver-form, the tube cylindric, hut somewhat dilated at the summit,
villous within, the lobes convolute in the bud. Stamens inserted on the throat of the corolla,
included; anthers ovate or oblong. Disk none. Ovarj-of 2 carpels, connected at the top by
the filiform style; ovules in 2 rows in each cavity, numerous; stigma appendaged by a re-
flexed membrane. Fruit of 2 erect cylindric several-seeded follicles. Seeds cylindric or ob-
long, obliquely truncate at each end, not appendaged. [Named for Charles Amson of South
Carolina.]
.\bout 8 species, natives of Nortli America and eastern Asia. liesides the following, ,=; others
occur in the southern and southwestern United States.
I. Amsonia Amsonia (L.) Britton.
Amsonia. (Fig. 2893.)
Tabernaemontana Amsonia L. Sp. PI. Fd. 2, ,308.
1762.
Amsonia Tabernaemoii/aiia W'aM.Vl. Car. ()A. 17S8.
.1. Amsonia liritton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 2*32. 1S94.
Glabrous or nearly so, simple, or branched
above, 2°-4° high. Leaves ovate, ovate-lanceo-
late or lanceolate, entire, acutninate at the apex,
narrowed at the base, sometimes pubescent be-
neath, 2'-5' long, ^i'-2' wide; petioles 2"-4"
long; flowers thyrsoid-cymose, numerous; pedi-
cels bracteolate at the base; calyx about 1"
long, its segments subulate; corolla it"-()" long,
beaked by the convolute limb in the bud, its
lobes linear and about as long as the tube; fol-
licles 2'-4' long, about 2" thick, attenuate at
the apex, glabrous; seeds papillose.
In moist soil, southern Pennsylvania to Illinois
and Kentucky, south to Florida, Missouri and
Texas. April-July.
APOCYNACEAE.
[Voi<. III.
2. VINCA L. Sp. PI. 209. 1753.
Erect or trailing herbs, some species slightly woody, with opposite leaves, and large soli-
tary blue i)ink or wliite axillary flowers. Calyx 5-parte(l, the segments narrow, acuminate.
Corolla salverform, the tube cylindric, or expanded above, pubescent within, the lobes con-
volute, at least in the bud, obli(iue. Stamens included. Disk of 2 glands, alternate with the
2 carpels. Ovules several in e.'ich carpel; style filiform; stigma annular, its apex penicillate.
I'ollicles 2, erect or spreading, cylindric, several-seeded. .Seeds oblong-cylindric, truncate
at each end, not appendaged. [The Latin name.]
About 12 species, one iialivc of tropical Atnerica>
occurrinu in Florida, the otliui , of the Old \V(m1(1.
I. Vinca minor T<. Periwinkle.
Myrtle. (Fig. 2^^^.)
I'iiica miiio)\.. .Sp. I'l. 21*}. 175,5.
Terennial, trailing, glabrous; stems '-2°
long. Leaves oblong to ovate, entire, firm,
green both sides, obtuse or acut'sh at the apex,
narrowed at the base, .short-petioled, i'-2>2'
long, ]2'-\' wide; flowers not numerous, solitary
in some of the axils, blue, 9"- 15" broad; pe-
duncles slender, Ji^~l}'i' long; calyx very
deeply parted, the segments subulate-lanceolate,
glabrous, about I'/i' long; corolla-tube expanded
above, as long as or slightly longer than the ob-
ovate, nearly truncate lobes; anther-sacs with a
broad connective; follicles few seeded.
Escaped from Kardcns to roadsides and woods, On-
tario to southern New York and New Jersey. Native
of Europe. Leaves shining. .\lso called Running
Myrtle. Feb.-May.
3. APOCYNUM L. Sp. PI. 213. 1753.
rerennial branching herbs, with opposite entire leaves, and small white or pink flowers
in terminal and sometimes axillary corymbed cymes. Calyx 5-parted, the segments acute.
Corolla campanulate, the tube bearing within 5 small triangular .appendages alternate with
the stamens, the limb globed. Stamens inserted on the base of tlie corolla; anthers sagit-
tate, coiinivent around the stigma and slightly adherent to it. Disk 5-lobed. Ovary of 2
carpels; ovules numerous in each carpel; stigma ovoid, obtuse, obscurely 2-lobed. Follicles
slender, elongated, terete. Seeds numerous, small, the apex tipped with a long coma.
[Greek, dog-bane.]
.Vbout h species, of the north temperate zone,
branches divergent: corolla-tube longer than thecilyx, its lobes levolute. i. .1. aiidrosaemifcliiim.
Uranclies erect or ascending; corolla-tube not longer than llie calyx, its lobes nearly erect.
Leaves and cymes glabrous or somewhat pubescent.
Leaves petioled, narrowed at base, or the lower obtuse or subcordate. 2. A. caniiahhiiini.
Leaves mostly cordate-clasping or obtuse attlie base, nearly sessile. ,?. A. Iiypcricifoliuvt.
Whole ])laiit, including the cymes, densely pubescent. 4- -'• p'ibescens.
I. Apocynum androsaemifolium ly.
Spreading Dogbane. Honey-bloom.
(Fig. 2895.)
Apocyiniw andtomemi/oliiim L. Sp. PI. 21,^. 175,5.
Rootstock horizontal; .stem i°-4° high; branches
broadly .spreading, mostly glabrous. Leaves
ovate or oval, acute or obtuse and mucronate at
the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base, gla-
brous above, pale and usually more or less pubes-
cent beneath, 2'-^' long, i''-2^'' wide; petioles
2"-4" long; cymes loose; pedicels 2"-y long,
subulate-bractcd at the base; flowers about 4"
broad; calyx-segments shorter than the tube of
the pinkish corolla; corolla-lobes revolute; fol-
licles about 4' long, narrowed at the apex.
In fields and thickets, Anticosti to British Colum-
bia, south to Georgia, Nebraska and Arizona. As-
cends to 3500 ft. in Virginia. Called also Bitter-root.
June-July.
Iv.
[inches
ycaves
liatc at
J. gla-
Dubes-
etioles
long,
jut 4"
libe of
fol-
toluni-
As-
Ir-root.
Vol.. III.] DOGIUNE FAMILY. 3
2. Apocynum cannabinum L. Indian Hemp. Amy-root. (Fig, 2896.)
Apotyniim cannabinum I,. Sp. I'l. i\\. 175,^
Root <lfep, vertical, soon branching. Stem ex-
tensively branched, the branches erect or ascend-
ing, glabrous or nearly so, more or less glaucous.
Leaves oblong, lanceolate-oblong or ovate-oblong,
acute or obtuse and mucronate at the apex, nar-
rowed or rounded at the base, glabrous above,
sometimes pubescent beneath, 2'-6' long, Yz'-^'
wide; petioles i"-6" long, or sometimes none;
cymes dense; pedicels short, bricteolate at the base;
flowers i]!"-},]!" broad; calyx-segments nearly
as long as the tube of t)ie greenish -white corolla;
corolla-lobes nearly erect; follicles similar to those
of the precedinr^ species.
In fitUb. and thickets. Aiiticosti to liritish Cuhnnbia,
Florida and Lower CaHfornia. ]une-Au(?.
Apocynum cannabinum glaberrimum DC. rrodr.8: 4^9. 1844.
(Tlabrous; leaves smaller, oblong lanceolate, acute at
each end, or sometimes rounded at the base, seldom
over 2fi' long and 10" wide, distinctly petioled. On
river shores and similar situations; range apparently
nearly of the type, but more abundant northward.
3. Apocynum hypericifolium Ait. Clasping-leaved Dogbane. (Fig. 2897.)
.Ipatyniini liyftericifoUnm Ait. Hort. Kew. i: ^04.
Apocjniini cannabinum var. Iiypfricijolitim A. Gray,
JIan. 3(j,s. iS4K.
Glabrous, often glaucous; stem i''-2° high, the
branches ascending. Leaves oblong, oblong-lan-
ceolate to oval, i'-2)' long, yi'-i%' wide, obtuse or
acutish at the apex, cordate-clasping, rounded,
tnmcate, or the upper narrowed at the base, very
sliort-petioled, or sessile, the primary venation
forming broad angles with the mid vein; cymes
many-flowered, dense to loo.se; pedicels mostly not
longer than the flowers, bracteolate; calyx-segments
about the length of the corolla-tube, lanceolate,
acute; corolla-lobes nearly erect; follicles 'i'-^yi'
long.
In dry soil, or along streams, Ontario to Hritish
Columbia, Ohio, Illinois and New Mexico. ]une-Aug.
4. Apocynum pubescens R. Br. Velvet
Dogbane. (Fig. 289S.)
Apocynum pubescens R. Br. Mem. Wern. Soc. i: 6S.
1811.
Apocynum cannabinum var. pubescens A. DC.
Prodr. 8: 4}o. 1844.
Whole plant, including the pedicels and calyx,
densely velvety-pubescent. Branches ascending;
leaves oval to elliptic, obtuse or acute at the apex,
strongly nmcronate, obtuse or obtusish at the
base, the veins impressed in the pubescence of
the lower surface; petioles \"-2" long; cymes
dense; calyx-seguients about as long as the tube
of the corolla, lanceolate, acute; corolla appar-
ently purple, its lobes erect; fruit not seen.
Original from "Virginia, herb. Mitchell." The
only specimen seen by us was collected by Dr. C. C.
Parry m Polk Co., Iowa, July, 1S67.
4 APOCYNACKAE. [Vol.. III.
4. TRACHELOSPERMUM Lemaire, Jard. Fleur. i; />/. f>i. 1851.
Twilling woody vines (some exotic species nearly erect shrubs), with opposite entire
deciduous leaves, and small yellow greenish or white flowers in terniinnl and axillary com-
pound cymes. Calyx small, deeply 5-parte<l, glandular within, the segments narrow. Cor-
olla funnelfonn or salverfoim, the lube nearly cylindric, expanded above, the lc')es convo-
lute, more or less twisted. Stamens included, or short exserted; anthers sagittate, acuminate,
connivent around the stigma and slightly adherent to it. Disk of 5 glandular lobes. (Ivary
of 2 carpels; ovules numerous in each carpel; style slender, its apex thickened below the
narrow ring of the ovoid stigma. I'ollicles iiuicli elongated, slender. Seeds linear, not
beaked, long-coniose at the apex. [Greek, neck-seed, but the seed is not beaked.]
^' -^ .\bout 6 Bi)icii.s, natives of castirn Asia and North
"~''~' Americ.i. The following is the only known North
.\nicrican species.
t. Trachelospermum difforme (Walt.)
A.Gray. Trachelosperinuin. (Fig. 2899.)
Kchilc^ iiil/Uriiiis Walt. V\. Car. (yS. 17S8.
Juiisleioina dilU'rmi<: \. DC. I'roilr. 8: i.C- 1844.
7". (iiff'iirme A. Gray, Syn. l'"l. 2: Part i, S,s. 1878.
A high-climbing vine, the stems ^^' in diameter
or more, the twigs pubescent or glabrous. Leaves
thin, ovate, oval or lanceolate, acuminate or acute
at the apex, narrowed or rarely rounded at the
base, I'/i'-i' long, '/i'-2' wide; petioles i''-\"
long; peduncles slender, shorter than the leaves;
pedicels and branches of thecjnie bracteolate at
the base; llowers yellow or cream-color, 4"-5"
long; lobes of the corolla ovate, spreading, shorter
than the tube; follicles very slender, s'-g' long,
scarcely 2" thick.
In inuist woods and along stre.iras, Delaware to
Florida, Texas and Mexico, mostly near the coast.
June-AUK-
Family iS. ASCLEPIADACEAE Lindl. Xat. Syst. Ed. 2, 302. 1836.*
Mii.KUEicn l".\Mn.v.
Perennial herbs, vines or shrubs, mostly with milky juice, with opposite
alternate or verticillate exstipulate leaves, and mostly umbellate perfect
regular flowers. Calyx inferior, its tube very short, or none, its .segments
imbricated or separate in the bud. Corolla campanulate, urceolate, rotate
or funnelform, 5-lobed or 5-clcft, the .segments commonly reflexed. A 5-lobed
or 5-parted crown (corona) between the corolla and the stamens and adnate to
one or the other. Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla, usually near its base;
filaments short, stout, mostly monadelphous, or distinct; anthers attached by
their bases to the filaments, introrsely 2-celled, connivent around the stigma, or
more or less united with each other; anther-sacs tipped with an inflexed or erect
scarious membrane, or unappendaged at the top, sometimes appendaged at the
base; pollen coherent into waxy or granular masses, one or rarely two such
masses in each sac, connected with the stigma in pairs or fours, by 5 glandular
corpuscles alternate with the anthers. Disk none. Ovary of 2 carpels; styles
2, short, connected at the summit by the peltate di.scoid stigma; ovules numerous
in each carpel, mostly anatropous, pendulous. Fruit of 2 several-many-seeded
follicles. Seeds compressed, usually apjiendaged by a long coma; endosperm
cartilaginous, mostly thin; embryo nearly as long as the seed; cotyledons flat.
About 220 genera and 19011 species of very wide geographic distribution, most abundant in
tropical or wariu-teniperate regions.
Erect or decumbent herbs.
Corona-hoods each with an incur\'ed horn within; leaves mostly opposite. i. Asclepias.
Corona-hoods prominently crested within; leaves alternate. 2. Asclepiodora.
Corona-hoods unappendaged or with a thickened crest like keel; leaves opposite or alternate.
3. Acetates.
Twining vines.
Corolla-lobes erect; corona-lobes 1-2-awned.
Corolla rotate.
Anthers tipped with a scarious membrane; pollen-masses pendulous. 5.
Anthers merely tipped; pollen-masses horizontal. 6.
*Text revised by Miss Anna Murray Vail.
4. Ampelanus.
Cynanchum.
Vincetoxicum.
III.
Vol. III.]
MILKWEED FAMILY.
)posite
perfect
meiits
rotate
1-lobed
ate to
base;
ed by
a, or
erect
t the
such
dular
styles
erous
jceded
sperm
flat.
Bant in
1^.
iora.
l-nate.
lum.
\icum.
X. ASCLEPIAS U vSp. PI. 214. 1753.
Pereniii.il erect or decunibent herbs, with opposite verticillate or rarely alternate entire
leaves, and middle-sized or small flowers in terminal or axillary umbels. Calyx 5-parted or
Sdivided, usually small, the segments or sepals acute, often glandular within. Corolla
deeply 5-parted, the segments mostly valvate, reflexed in anthesis. Corona-column gener-
ally present. Corona of 5 concave erect or spreading hoods, each bearing within a slender
or subulate incurved horn, either included or exserted. I'ilaments connate into a tube; anthers
tipped with an inflexed membrane, wiugel, the wings broadened below the middle; pollen-
masses solitary in each sac, pendulous on their caudicles. Stigma nearly flat, ,s-angled or
5-lobed. I'ollicles usually thick, acuminate. Seeds tomose in all but one species. [Dedi-
cated to AEsculapius.]
.\bont S5 species, mostly natives of tlie New World; besides the followinp; some 2,5 others occur
in soutlitrn and western North .America. Known as Milkweed, Silkweed, or Swallow-wort.
-:<- Corolla and corona orange ; leaves alternate or opposite.
Stem erect or ascen<lin({; leaves nearly .ill alternate. i. A. Iithentsa.
Stems reclining; leaves, at least the upper, opposite, oblong or oval. 2. A. decunweiis.
vr -A- Corolla bright red or purple ; leav >pposite.
Flowers 4"-6" broad; corona-hoods 2"-y' liiKh.
Leaves lanccol.ile or linear; hoods oblong, obtuse. 3.
Leaves ov.ite or ovate-lanceolate; hoods lanceolate. .(.
Leaves oblong, ovate or ovale-oblonK; hoods oblong, acutish. 5.
I'lowers 2"-,^" bro.id; corona hoods i"-i'.." liiBli.
Plant nearly or quite Klabrous; leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate. 6.
Plant pubescent; leaves oblong. 7.
A. lanceotala.
A. ruhia.
A. pui purascciis.
A. imarnala.
A. puUhra.
•/t -X- ■:•:■ Corolla greenish, purplish, yellowish or \vhite
Leaves ovate, oblong, ov.ite-lanceolate, obovate or orbicular.
Plants glabrous throughout, or minutely pubescent above.
Leaves sessile, clasping or very short petioled.
Peduncles of the solitary or several umbels short.
Leaves ovate oblong; hoods 2-auriculate at the base
Leaves nearly orbicular; hoods truncate.
Peduncle of the usually solitary umbel elongated.
Leaves cordate-clasping, wavy margined.
Leaves sessile, flat; horn not e.\ceednig the Ixjod.
Leaves manifestly petioled.
Corolla greenish; umbels loose, the pedicels drooping.
Corolla white; umbels dense.
Corolla pink; some of the leaves verticillate in 4's.
Plants, at least the lower surfaces of the leaves, cancscent or tomentose
p'oUicles tomentose, covered with soft spinose processes.
Corona-hoods obtuse, short.
Corona-hoods elongated, lanceolate.
Follicles with no spinose processes, glabrous or pubescent.
Leaves wavy margined; corolla-segments 4"-5" long.
Leaves flat; corolla-segments 2"-^" long.
Leaves lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or linear.
Leaves opposite, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate.
Leaves thick, shnrt-petioled; inflorescence woolly.
Leaves thin, slender-petioled; inflorescence dowiiy.
Leaves mostly verticillate in ,Vs-6's, narrowly linear.
Leaves scattered, densely crowded, filiform-linear.
I. Asclepias tuberosa L. Butterfly-
weed. Pleurisy-root. (Fig. 2900.)
Asclepias tuberosa L. Sp. PI. 217. 175;?.
Hirsute-pubescent; stems rather stout, simple,
or branched near the summit, ascending or
erect, very leafy, i°-2° high, the milky sap
scanty. Leaves usually all alternate, lanceo-
late or oblong, acute or sometimes obtuse at the
apex, narrowed, rounded or cordate at the base,
sessile or short-petioled, 2'-6' long, 2"-
12" wide; umbels cymo.se at the ends of the
stem or branches, many-flowered; peduncles
shorter than the leaves; pedicels pubescent,
}i'-i' long; corolla-segments oblong, obtuse,
about 3" long, greenish orange; corona-column
about yi" long; hoods erect, oblong, bright
orange, or rarely yellow, 2-3 times as long as the
stamens, slightly longer than the filiform horns;
fruiting pedicels decurved; follicles nearly erect,
finely pubescent, 4'-5' long.
In dry fields, Maine and Ontario to Minnesota,
Florida, Texas and .Arizona. June-Sept. Called
also Wind-root, Orange-root.
leaves opposite or verticillate.
S. A. Still ivanlii.
9. A. lalifolia.
10. A. obliisi/olia,
11. A. ^feadii.
12. A. eialtala.
\\ A, Valletta la.
14. A. quadiifolia.
15. A. Syriaca.
lO. A. speciosa.
I'. A. areiiaria.
i.S. A. ovalifolia.
K). A.hrachyslephana.
20. A, perennis.
21. A. verlicillala,
22. A. pnmila.
ASCLFJ'IADACEAE.
[Vol, III.
2. Asclepias decumbens L. Decum-
bent Hutlerfly-weed. (Fig. 2901. )
Asc/i'/iiiis (fc(iiiii/'ins I,. Sl>. V\. 2if). 175,1.
/■{st-/t/>ias luheiosii vai. iltiniiibciis I'ursli, PI. Am.
Sept. 1S4. IN| 1.
Ilirsutt-pubcscent; sU-ni.s decumbent, 2°-3°
lonjj, the ends asi'eiiditijj or erect. Leaves .sessile
or short-ijctioled, oblong or elliptic, obtuse at
the apex, narrowed and often ine(|uilntoral at
the ba.se, i'-^' long, 'i'-2'4' wide, the ujiper
opposite, the lower conimoidy alternate, the up-
])ermost very small; mnbels several or numerous,
many-flowered, racemose alonj; the branches,
one usually in each of the upper axils; pedun-
cles stout, short; pedicels slender, somewhat
pubescent, about '<' long; corolla-segments ob-
long, acutish, dark orange, about 3" long;
column about 'j" high, tlie hoods erect, ob-
long, orange, slightly longer than the subulate
horn; follicles more slender than in the last.
In dry fields, Illinois and Ohio to North Caro-
lina and Florida. June-Au({.
3. Asclepias lanceolata Walt. Few-
flowered Milkweed. (Fig. 2902.)
Asclepias lancfolala Walt. I'M. Car. 105. 1788.
A. panpercula Miclix. 1"1. Hor. Am. 1: iis. i8o,v
Nearly glabrous throughout; stem slender, usually
simple, naked above, 2°-4° high. Leaves opposite,
distant, linear or narrowly lanceolate, elongated,
acuminate, narrowed at the base, short-petioled,
4'-io' long, 2"-"]" wide, roughish on the margins,
the primary nerves widely spreading; umbels few-
flowered, solitary or 2-4 at the .summit; peduncles
about equalling the .slender puberulent pedicels;
corolla-segments oblong, 4"-,S" long, deep red;
column thick, about i" high; lioods obovate or ob-
long, obtuse, orange, 2-toothed near the base, nearly
twice the length of the anthers and longer than the
subulate incurved horn; anther-wings notched at
the base; fruiting pedicels decurved; follicles erect,
minutely puberulent, fusiform, about 4' long.
In swamps, .southern New Jersey to Florida and
Texas, mostly near the coast. Soulliern forms with
greatly elongated leaves may be distinct. June-.\ug.
4. Asclepias rubra L. Red Milkweed.
(Fig. 2903.)
Asclepias riibta I.. Sp. PI. 217. 175^.
.N'earlj' glabrous throughout; stem usually sim-
ple, i°-4° high. Leaves opposite, rather distant,
short-petioled, ovate, lanceolate or the lower some-
times oblong, rounded or subcordate at the base,
gradually' acuminate, rather firm, ^'-S' long, \'-
2' wide, the primary nerves wide-spreading; um-
bels 1-4, many -flowered; peduncles .shorter than
or e(]ualling the upper leaves; pedicels .slender,
downy, ]'i'-\' long; corolla-segments and lioods
lanceolate-oblong, purplish red, or the hoods
orange-red, 3"-4" long; horns of the hoods very
slender, nearly straight; fruiting pedicels deflexed,
the follicles erect, .spindle-shaped, glabrous, about
4' long.
In moist soil, New Jersey and Pennsylvania to
Florida, Louisiana and Texas. The plant of the south-
ern States {A. lauri/olia Miehx.), may be distinct.
June-July.
I
Vol.. III.]
MILKWEED FAMILY.
/
5. Asclepias purpuriscens T<. Purple
Milkweed. (Fiff- 2904,)
.\ulf(>ias /till pii>,is(i'>is I,. Sp. IM. Ji (. i7,s,v
.Stem stout, pulicnileiit or j;liil)roiis, \isually sim-
ple, 2°-4° liiK'ii Ifafy to tile top. Lcavi-s ovate,
elliptic or oMcuik, petioleil, acute or obtuse and
jiUKTouulate at the apex, narrowed or rounded at
the base, nearly ),'lal>rous above, finely tomentose
heiieath, .V-S' lonj.', i,'i'-3' wide, the primary
nerves very wide-spreading; inidiels many-llowered,
borne in several of the upjier axils, or sometimes soli-
tary; peduncles stout; pedicels slender, pubernlent,
I'-i 'i' long; corolla deep pur])le, its segments ob-
long, about y long; column very short and thick;
hoods oblong or ovate, nearly twice as long as the
anthers, pale red or purple, the 'loriis broad ut the
insertion, short-subulate and incurved at the apex;
fruiting pedicels deliexed, the downy follicles
nearly erect, 4'-,s' long.
In dry fields and thickets, tastcni Massachusetts to
VirKinia, west to soullierii ( Jiitario, Minnesota and Knii
sas, Ascends to 21 icKi ft. in the Calskills. June Auk.
6. Asclepias incarnata L.
Swamp Milkweed. (Fig. 2905.)
Asclepias iiuai iiala L. Sp. I'l. 215. i~Si-
Glabrous, or pubernlent above; .stem slender,
branched above, or rarely simple, 2°-.t° high,
leafy to the top. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate at the apex, narrowed,
obtuse or sometime.^ subcordate at the bn.se, 3'-6'
long, ]i'-i}i' wide, the jirimary nerves not
wide-spreading; petioles ."/'-f/' long; umbels
usually numerous, corymbed, many-flowered;
pedicels pubescent, 5"-lo" long; corolla red or
rose-purple, rarely white, its lobes oblong, about
2" long; column more than one-half as long as
the obtuse pink or purplish hoods; horns in-
curved, longer than the hoods; anther-wings
entire, or obscurely notched at the base; fruit-
ing pedicels erect or incurved ; follicles erect,
2'-3,'2' long, sparingly pubernlent.
In swamps, New Urunswick to the Northwest
Territory, TinnesBec, Kansas and Louisiana. As-
cends to 3000 ft. in West VirKinia. July-Sept.
7. Asclepias pulchra VMvh. Hairy
Milkweed. (Fig. 2906. )
Asclepias piilcliia Ivhrli. ; Willd. Sp. I'l. 1: 1267, I7()8.
A. incarnala var. pulchra I'ers. Syn. i: 270. 1805.
Similar to the preceding species and perhaps
intergrading with it where the two grow together;
stem stout, tomentose-pubescent, usually branch-
ed, 2°-3)2° high, leafy to the top. Leaves
broadly lanceolate, acute, acuminate or some of
them obtusish at the apex, subcordate, rounded,
or the upper narrowed at the base, pubernlent or
glabrous above, pubescent, at least on the veins
beneath, 3'-5' long, Yz'-'i' wide; petioles usually
stout and short; flowers siuiilar to those of A. in-
caitiala, but the corolla commonly lighter red or
pink, rarely white; peduncles and pedicels to-
mentose; fruiting pedicels erect or incurved; fol-
licles erect, finely and densely pubescent, 2 '-3'
long.
In moist fields and swamps, Maine to Minnesota, south to Georgia,
July-Sept.
ASCLIM'IADACKAK.
[Vi.r.. III.
8. Asclepias Sulliv&ntii luigelin. Siil-
livant's Milkweed. (FiR. 2907.)
,1. Sulliraiilii ICiikcIiu.; A. Cray, INIati yi6. i5<4S.
(ilal)r(iu.H tliroujjliout; stem stout, simple, or
sometimes brnnched atxive, 2^-4" liiK'') leafy to
the top. Leaves tliii'k, sessile, or on petioles
less tlinii i" loiiK, "bloiiR or ovate-ohlonyj, usu-
ally iibtuse and mucroiuilate at the apex, suh-
lordnte, rounded or sli^hlly i'laspinj» at the base,
.('-6' lonfj;, I'j'-,^' wiile, tlie primary nerves
very wide-spreadin;,'; umbels terminal and some-
times also in tlie upper axils, many-flowered;
peduncles shorter than the leaves; corolta-sef;-
meuts oval-olilouf,', $"-(i" loiij;, purplish; col-
umn very short anil thick; hoods oval, obtuse or
truncate, gibbous at each side near the base,
longer than the anthers and the sul)ulate in-
curved horn; follicles erect, glabrous, 3'-4' long,
usually with blunt processes near the apex.
Ill nioiat soil, Oliici t< Minnesota, Nebraska, Mis-
souri and Kansas, July-Sept,
9. Asclepias latifdlia(Torr.) Raf. Broad- ,_ _.,^ /"'
leaved Milkweed. (Fig. 2908.) — -^ ^ •--'.
Ascli'/>ias ohlusifi^lia v.ir. lali/'olhi Torr. Ami. I,^•c. X.
Y. a: 117, iS3<,,
Asile/iias lalifolia Raf. .\U Joiirn. 146, i8,i2-,i,?,
A. Jamciii Torr. Hot, Me.\. Hound. Surv. 162. ' iS^g.
Minutely puberulent when young, glabrous when
old; stem stout, usually simple, i°-2'i'' liigh, very
leafy. Leaves very thick, oval to orliiiular, sessile
or nearly so, commonly broadly emarginate and
uiucronulate at the apex an<l cordate or subcordate
at the ba.se, 4'-'i' long and nearly as wide, primary
nerves very wide-spreading; umbels 2-4, many-
flowered, short-peduncled in the upper axils or
rarely terminal; pedicels slender, canescent, nearly
1' long; corolla-segments ovate, acute, 4"-6" long,
greenish; column short and thick; hoods truncate,
about e(|ualling the anthers, the horn projecting
from a short crest over the edge of the stigma;
follicles erect on deflexed pedicels, ovoid, acutish,
2'-3' long, about i' thick.
On dry plains, Kansas to Colorado, Texas and Arizona. July-.Sept.
10. Asclepias obtusifolia Michx.
Blunt-leaved Milkweed. (Fig. 2909.)
A. c/i/iisi/olia Michx. Fl. l!or .Vm. i: 11,5. i?c\v
Nearly glabrous, pale green, somewhat glau-
cous; stem stout, erect or ascending, 2°-3° high.
Leaves sessi le or .short-petioled , oblong or ovate-
oblong, obtuse and mucronulate at the apex,
cordate-clasping at the base, 3'-5'long, i''-i>i''
wide; margins wavy-crisped; primary nerves
wide-spreading; umbel many-flowered, usu-
ally solitary on the long terminal peduncle,
rarely with a second shorter-peduncled one at
its base; pedicels .slender, downy, about l'
long; corolla-segments oblong, greenish-pur-
ple, about 4" long; column thick; hoods pink,
nearly truncate and toothed at the summit,
shorter than the subulate incurved horn, longer
than the anthers; follicles erect on the stout
decurved fruiting pedicels, downy, 4'-6' long.
In dry fields, mostly in sandy soil, Maine to
Florida, west to northern New York, Minnesota,
Kansas and Texas. Ascends to 3000 ft, in Virginia.
May-Aug.
Vol.. III.]
MII.KWEIvI) FAMILY
N'.V
•pur-
piiik,
iDiit,
iiiger
stout
ong.
to
sota,
II. Asclepias Meadii Torr. Mcad'.s Milk-
weed. ( Fijj. 2910. )
.1, .Vfad i i Turr, A. Cray, Mhti. IM. 2, Ail.l. 70). I'^Vi.
Nfiirly gliihr Ills throiigliciit, pnlo ^(reen or glaii-
cnusj stem simple, or rarely liraiiched above, i°-2"
liijili. I.enves opposite, sessile, Hat, mostly distant,
ovate, ovate-lniiceolate, laiioeolate or the lower ob-
long, acute or sometimes obtuse at the apex, the
margins scabrous; umbel solitary, terminal, several-
flowered, borne on a peduncle 3'-')' long; corolla-seg-
ments greeni.sh yellow, ovate, acute, 3"- 4" long; col-
umn very short, thicker than high; hoods ovate, pur-
plish, nearly twice as long as the anthers, rounded and
truncate at the suTumit, longer than the subulate in-
flexed horn, with a small tooth at each side on the
iinier infolded margin; follicles erect on decurveil
jiedicels, minutely puberuleiit, narrow, .\'-5' long.
In dry soil, southern Illinois to Iowa, June-Aug-.
12. Asclepias exaltata (L,.) Muhl.
Poke or Tall Milkweed. (Fig. 291 1.)
A. Syiinca var. c \allala I,. Sp. I'l. V.A. 2, v.V ^7('2.
Ascie/>ias eMillula Muhl. Cat. 2S. isiv '
A. />/ij/i>/aitoidrs I'ursli I'M. .'\m. Sept. iSn. 1814.
Nearly glabrous throughout, with two opposite
lines of pubescence on the usually simple stem,
,^°-6° high. Leaves opposite, thin or membranous,
oval, ovate or oblong, acuminate at both ends, 4'-y'
long, I'/i'-Y wide, the lower sometimes obovate,
obtuse, shorter; petioles '+'"'' '""K! peiluncles 1'-
3' long; umbels usually several; pedicels slender,
drooping or .spreading, i'-2' long, puberuleiit; cor-
olla green-purple, the segments ovate or oblong,
obtu.sish, 3"-4" long; column short; hoods white
or pink, slightly shorter than the anthei'i, much
.shorter than the subulate horn, at the summit trun-
cate and entire or erose, with i or 2 slender teeth on
each of the inner margins; follicles erect on the de-
flexed pedicels, downy, long-acuminate, 4'-6' long.
In thickets and woods, Maine to Minnesota, Georgia and Missouri. Ascends to 55110 ft. in North
Carolina. Juia-Auij.
13. Asclepias variegata L.
Asclepias :'an'ef;ala I,. Sp. PI. 217. 1753.
Stem glabrous below, pubescent above when
young, simple, i°-3° high. Leaves opposite,
thick, oval, ovate, oblong or the lower somewhat
obovate, obtuse and cuspidate or acutish at the
apex, narrowed or rounded at the base, dark
green above, pale beneath, 3'-6' long, i'-3' wide,
the middle ones sometimes verticillate in 4's;
petioles t,"-\i" long; umbels 1-4, terminal, or
rarely i or 2 in the upper axils, densely many-
flowered; peduncles i'-2'' long; pedicels %'-i%'
long, erect or ascending, usually densely puberu-
leiit; corolla-segments ovate or oval, about 3"
long, white, or purple near the ba.se; column
very short and thick, purplish; hoods globose-
obovoid, obtuse, spreading, longer than the an-
thers, about equalling the semi-lunate horizon-
tally pointed horn; follicles downy, erect on the
deflexed fruiting pedicels, 4'-5' long.
In dry woods or thickets, Connecticut, southern
New York to Illinois, south to Florida, Arkansas
and Louisiana. June-July.
White Milkweed. (Fig. 2912.)
ASCLF.riADACKAE.
[Vol,. Ill,
14. Asclepias quadrifdlia Jacq.
Four-leaved Milkweed. (Fig. 2913.)
.!. tiiiadn'/olia Jacq. Obs. Part 2, S. pi. jj. 1767.
Stem .slender, .simple, i '-2° liij,'li, usually leaf-
less below. Leaves thin, sparingly pubescent
on the veins beneath, ovate to lanceolate, 2'-6'
long, Yi'-ili' wide, acute or acuminate, nar-
rowed or rounded at the ba.se, f)r the lowe.st pair
much smaller, ohovate and obtuse, the upper
and lower opposite, the middle ones usually
verticillate in 4's; umbels 1-4, terminal, or
rarely in the upper a.xils; peduncles slender,
)'i'-2^'i' 'ong; pedicels about \' long; corolla
pink or nearly white, its lobes lanceolate-ob-
long, 2"-5" long; column short; hoods white,
obtuse at the ape.K, broadly 2-toothed above the
base, twice as long as the anthers and the
incurved horn; follicles erect on the erect fruit-
ing pedicels, 3'-5' long, glabrous.
Wodd-i anil thickets, Maine and Ontario to Min-
nesota, North Carolina and Arkansas. May-July.
15, Asclepias Syriaca L. Common
Milkweed. Silkweed. (Fig. 2914.)
Asclepias Syiiaca I,, Sp. I'l. 214. I75,v
Asclepias Co I nil I i Dec. in DC. I'nulr. 8: 564. i>(4.
Stem stout, usually simple, 3°-5° high, finely
pubescent at least above. Leaves oblong, oval or
ovate, den.sely pubescent beneath, soon glabrous
above, acute or obtuse and cuspidate at the apex,
obtuse, narrowed or subcordate at the base, 4'-9'
long, 2'-4/2'' wide, the primary nerves wide-
spreading; petioles stout, 3"-.S" long; umbels
several or numerous; peduncles pul)escent or
tomentose, lyi'-j'/i' long; pedicels i'-2' long;
corolla green-purple, its segments oblong-lanceo-
late, 3"-4" long; column short and thick, the
hoods ovate-lanceolate with a tooth on each side,
longer than the anthers and the incurved horn;
follicles 3'-5' long, erect on recurved pedicels,
tomentose and covered with short soft processes.
In fields and wa.ste places. New lirunswick to the
Northwest Territory, south to North Carolina and
Kansas. Leaves rarely lanceolate. Jnne-.\uK.
16. Asclepias speciosa Torr. Showy
Milkweed. (Fig. 2915.)
Asclepias specicsa Torr. .\nn. I.yc. N. Y 2: 21S. 1S26.
.'). Doiiglasii Hook, V\. Hor. .\\\\. 2: .s.i. pi. /■;.'. iS_^4.
White-tomentose or cancscent all over, or gla-
brate below, pale; stem simple, stout, l°-2>2°
high. Leaves thick, broadly ovate or oval, obtuse
and cuspidate or acute at the apex, subcordate,
rounded or narrowed at the base, petioled, 3'-8'
long, 2'-4' wide; peduncles 1 '-3' long; umbels
several or rarely solitary, many-flowered; pedicels
stout, 9"-iS" long; corolla purple-green, its seg-
ments oblong or ovate-oblong, 4"-6" long, tomen-
tose on the outer face; column very short or none;
hoods lanceolate, 5"-7" long, obtusish, expanded
and with 2 blunt teeth below, the apex ligulate,
5-7 times as long as the anthers; horn short, in-
flexed; follicles erect or spreading on the recurved
fruiting pedicels, 3'-4' long, densely woolly
and covered with soft spinose processes.
In moist soil, Minnesota to British Columbia, south
to Kansas, Utah and California. May-July.
^rA
m
■*. 1S26.
or gla-
il, obtuse
xirdate,
le.l, 3'-8'
umbels
pedicels
its seg-
;, totiien-
or none;
xpauded
ligulate,
ihort, in-
recurved
woolly
)ia, south
IMILKWKED FAMILY.
Asclepias arenaria Torr. Sand Milkweed
Hot. Mex. Boutul. Surv.
Vol.. III.]
17-
Asclefiiaa avenaria Torr,
I'lj. 1S59.
Densely tonientose-canescent all over, stems
simple, ascending or erect, stout, i''-2^ '''kI''
Leaves obovate or oval, wavy-margined, thick,
obtuse or retuse and cuspidate at the apex, trun-
cate, suhcordate, obtuse, or rarely some of them
narrowed at the base, i'--\' long, \%'-\' wide,
the angle of the primary nervation broad; um-
bels densely many-flowered, short -peduncled or
sessile; corolla greenish-white, its segments
oval-oblong, i,"-^" long; column \"-%" high;
hoods oblong, truncate at each end, oblique at
the apex, longer than the anthers, with a broad
tooth on each side within; horn semi-lunate with
an abruptly incurved subulate apex; follicles
puberulent, 4'-5' long, erect on the decurved
fruiting pedicels.
' On sand bars and liills along rivers, Nebraska and
Colorado to Mexico and New JIe\ieo. June-.Sept.
18.
II
Asclepias ovalifolia Dec. Oval-
leaved Milkwort. (Fig. 2917.)
Ascli'fiias oz'ali/olia Dec. in DC. Prodr. 8: ^G-. iS)(.
I''inely tomentose all over; stem simple, usually
slender, erect, io'-2° high. Leaves oval, ovate,
oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acut^' or obtuse and
mucronulate at the apex, rounded or narrowed at
the ba.se, 2'-3'' long, N'-i/'i' wide, short-petioled,
the upper surfaces becoming glabrate at maturity;
umbels solitary or few, many-llowered; peduncles
short; corolla greenish-white or purplish, its seg-
ments ovate-oblong, obtuse, 2"-^" long; column
very short; h(M)ds oval-oblong, nearly twice as
long as the anthers, bearing a large acute tooth on
each of the inner margins; horn subulate, in-
curved over tlie stigma; follicles ascending on the
reflexed fruiting pedicels, pubescent.
In woods and on prairies, Illinois to Minnesota,
Manitoba and the Northwest Territorj-. June July.
19. Asclepias brachystephana Engelm.
Short-crowned Milkweed. (Fig. 29 iS.)
Asi/r/>ias h/ar/iystefi/iaiia Engelni,; Torr, Hot. Mex.
Hound. Surv. 103. iS.sy.
Puberulent when young, soon glabrate; stems
clustered, often branched, spreading or ascend-
ing, 6'~i2' long. Leaves mostly opposite, lance-
olate or linear-lanceolate, thick, long-acuminate
at the apex, rounded, subcordate or narrowed at
the base, 2'-,s' long, 2"-6" wide, or the lowe.st
shorter; petioles i''-4" long; umbels several, ter-
minal and axillary, few-flowered; peduncles short;
pedicrls densely woolly, equalling or longer than
the peduncles; corolla greenish-purple, its seg-
ments about 2" long; column very short or none;
hoods ovate, obtu.se, shorter than the anthers, the
short erect-incurved horn slightly exserted; fol-
licles erect on the spreading or decurved fruiting
pedicels, downy or hoary, acuminate, 2'-3J.2'' long.
In dry soil. Kansas (according to H. B. Smyth),
Wyoming to Texas, .Vrizona and Mexico. June-Aug.
12
ASCLEPIADACEAE.
[Vol. III.
20. Asclepias per^nnis Walt. Thin-
leaved Milkweed. (Fig. 2919.)
Asdepias furennisViaW.. V\. Car. 107. 17SS.
I'uberulent above, ),'labrous below; stem slen-
der, simple or branched, erect, sometimes
slightly woody at the base, i°-3° high. Leaves
thin, opposite, lanceolate, oblong or ovate-
lanceolate, slender-petioled, acuminate or acute
at both ends, 2'-6' long, ^i'-\' wide, glabrous
or very nearly so; innbels solitarj', or several
and corymbose; peduncles i'-2' long; pedicels
very slender, }i'-i' long; flowers very small,
white; corolla-segments oblong, i^'-z" long;
column about }i" high; li' ods oval, erect, en-
tire, about as long as the anthers, shorter than
the subulate-filiform incurved horn; follicles
glabrous, erect on the erect fruiting pedicels;
seeds •,"-6" long, i'i"-4'/2" wide, very thin,
destitute' of coma.
On riversliores and in wet places, North Carolina
to southern Illinois and Missouri, .south to Florida
and Texas. May-.\ug.
21. Asclepias verticillata L,. Whorled
Milkweed. (Fig. 2920.)
Asclt'/^ias vcilicillala I.. Sp. ri. 317. 175,?.
Roots fascicled ; stem slender, .simple or branched,
pubescent in lines at lea.st above, very leafy, i°-
2, ''2° high. Leaves narrowly linear, sessile, verti-
cillate in 3's-7's or .some of them alternate, gla-
brous or very nearly so, their margins narrowly
revolute; umbels usually numerous, many-flow-
ered; peduncles slender, 'i'-i/s' long; pedicels
almo.st filiform, shorter than the peduncles; cor-
olla greenish white, its segments oblong, \%"-2"
long; column about "i" high; hoods white, ob-
long, entire, about equalling the anthers, much
shorter than the subulate incurved horn; follicles
erect on the erect fruiting pedicels, narrowly
spindle-shaped, glabrous, 2'-3' long.
In dry fields and on hills. JIaine and southern On-
tario to the Northwest Territory, south to Florida.
Mexico and New Me.xico. July-Sept.
22. Asclepias pumila (A. Gray) Vail.
Low Milkweed. (Fig. 2921.)
Asclefiias zerlicillala var. pumila \. Gray, Proc.
kwi. Acad. 12; 71. 1S76.
Stems 4'-io' high, tufted from a woody
root. Leaves very numerous, crowded, some-
times obscurely whorled, filiform-linear, I'-z'
long, smooth or minutely roughened, the mar-
gins revolute; umbels 2-several, short-pedun-
cled, few-flowered; pedicels filiform, puberu-
lent, 3"-4" long; corolla greenish white, its
segments oblong, i,'/2"-2" long; column short;
hoods white, erect, oblong, entire, equalling
the anthers, shorter than the slender incurved
horn; follicles erect on erect fruiting pedicels,
narrowly .spindle-shaped, i,''2'-2' long, finely
puberulent.
Dry plains, South Dakota to Arkansas, Colo-
rado and New Mexico.
Vol. III.]
MILKWEED FAMILY.
13
2. ASCLEPIODORA A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12: 66. 1876.
Krect or decuuibent perennial herbs, similar to .hclepias, with alternate or opposite en-
tire leaves, and rather large flowers in terniiiml solitary or corynibed umbels. vSepals
lanceolate. Corolla rotate, its segments spreading. Hoods oblong, inserted over the whole
of the very short corona-column, curved upward, obtuse, crested within, at least in the up-
per part, slightly longer than the anther; at the sinuses between the hoods a small lobe or
appendage, alternate with the anther-wings, simulating an inner crown. Anthers tipped
with a scarious membrane, their wings horny, narrowed below, sometimes angled above the
middle. I'ollen-masses pendulous, pyriform, longer than their caudicles. I'oUicIes ovoid
or oblong, acuminate, with or without soft spinose processes, erect or ascending on the de-
curved or twice bent fruiting pedicels. Seeds comose. [Greek, gift of AEsculapiu.s.]
KivL- or six species, natives of the southern United States and Mexico,
(.'ilabrous or nearly so; leaves oblong to ovate-lanceolate; umbels usually more than one, corymbose.
I. A. find IS.
Stem rouithpuberulent; leaves lanceolate or linear, acuminate; umbels solitary. ;. A. deci(»ihe>is.
I. Asclepiodora viridis (Walt.) A.Gr. Oblong-leaved Milkweed. (Fig. 2922.)
Asc!ef>ias viridis Walt. l-\. Car. U)7._ 17S.S.
.Isc/i'piodora
Acad. 12: 66.
'iridis
1 8-')
.v. Gray, Proc. Am.
Stem erect, glabrous or puberulent above,
rather stout, simple, i"-2° high. Leaves
oblong to ovate-lanceolate, rather thin, ob-
tuse and mucronu'ate or acute at the apex,
narrowed or rounded at the base, short-peti-
oled, 2'i'-5' long, Jz'-i'i' wide; umbels 2-
4, or sometimes solitary; peduncles l'j'-2'
long; pedicels slender, about li' long; co-
rolla globose ovoid in the bud, greenish, its
.segments, when expanded, oblong, obtuse or
acute, 4"-6''' long, 2-3 limes as long as the
purplish or violet entire-margined hoods;
anther- wings narrow, scarce!}' angled above;
fruiting pedicels twice bent; follicles ascend-
ing, puberulent, a'-j' long, sometimes with
.soft spinose projections.
In dry soil, Illinois and Kansas to Texas,
east to .South Carolina and Florida. May-July.
2. Asclepiodora decumbens
( Xutt. ) A. Gray. Decumbent Milk-
weed. (Fig. 2923.)
Aiiaiilhrixdecu»ibcns Xutt. Trans. \n\. Phil.
Sec. ai.)S: 2i'2- iS.U-."-
Asclepiodora decumbens A. Gray, Proc. .\m.
Acad, 12: 66. 1S76.
Stems decumbent or ascending, rough-
puberulent, rather stout, io'-2° long.
Leaves firm, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
glabrous above, puberulent, at least on the
veins, beneath, acuminate at the apex,
narrowed at the base, 3'-"' long, 2"-^"
wide; umbel solitary, many-flowered; pe-
duncle I '-5' long; pedicels rather ..out,
}4'-i' long; corolla depre.ssed-globose in
the bud, greenish, its segments, when ex-
panded, ovate or broadly oval, somewhat
longer than the hoods; hoods purple, ob-
tusely 3-lobed on the ventral margins,
about 3" long, their tips incurved; anther-wings broad, angled above; follicles nearly erect
on the recurved fruiting pedicels, 3'-4' long, puberulent, at least when young, with or
without soft projections.
In dry soil, Kansas, to Texas and Mexico, west to Utah and New Mexico. April-June.
14
ASCLEPIADACEAE.
[Vol,. III.
3, ACERATES Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. i: 316. 1817.
Pereiiiiial herbs, similar to .Isiifpias, with alternate or opposite thick leaves, and jjreeit
or purplish flowers in terminal or axillary and sliort-peduncled or sessile umbels. Calyx
5-parted or 5-divided, the segments acute, glandular within. Corolla deeply 5-cleft, the seg-
ments valvate, retle.xed in anthesis. Corona-column very short. Corona of 5 involute-con-
cave or somewhat pitcher-shaped hoods, neither horned nor crested within or in one species
having a small interior crest and usually a few small processes at the base of the anther-
wings, forming an obscure inner crown. Pollen-masses solitaiy in each sac, oblong, pendu-
lous. Stigma 5-lobed, [Greek, without horn, referring to the crown.]
.\boul 7 rpcrics, natives of North America.
Umbels sessile, or very nearly so, mostly axillary.
Leaves oval to linear; hoods entire at the ape.\.
I.taves narrowly linear; hoods 3 toothed.
I'nihels, aX least the lower, distinctly peduncled.
Plants glabrous, or nearly so; umbels usually several; leaves narrow.
Hoods (ibliise, entire; cohnnn 'i" long; stem rouRliish puberulent.
lloods einarRinate; colunni very slioit; stem glabrous.
Plant hirsute; umbel solitary, terminal; leaves ovate to oblong.
1. A. Z'ii idijlora.
2. .1. angiisli/olia.
3. .1. Floriilaiia.
4. .(. aun'cu/a/a.
5. .1. /anii,i;iitosa.
I. Acerates viridifldra (Raf. ) Katon.
Green Milkweed.
(Fig. 2924.)
Asclepias ziridifloia Raf. Med. Rep. ( II. ) 5: 360. 1S08.
Atftalfs viridijlota Ivaton, Man. lul. 5, 90. i.~>2y.
Puberulent or tomentulose, at least when young;
stems simple, reclined or ascending, rather stiff,
i°-3° hi,i;li. Leaves slightly rough, alternate or
opposite, thick, oval, oblong or ovate, i'-3' long,
,''2'-2' wide, short-petioled, the margins usually
undulate; umbels several, or rarely solitary, axil-
lary, densely many-flowered, se.ssile or very nearly
-so; pedicels very slender, tomentose, \"-^" long;
OvT^\^'^J^ X'/^ky xStl^liil \lffl flowers green; corolla-segments narrowly oblong,
■ ' A\ . / •, \l: - »;/ ill 2"-y," long; column very short or none; hoods
lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, minutely 2-auricled at
the base; mass of anthers longer than thick; an-
ther-wings tapering below, semi-rhomboid above;
follicles puberulent, I'-i,' long.
In dry, sandy or rocky soil, Massachusetts to south-
ern Ontario and the Northwest Territory, south to
Plorida and Texas. June-Sept.
A. viridiflora Ivesii Hritton. Mem.Torr.Club, 5: 2''),s i.'>n4.
Asdeftias lanccolala Ivcp, Am. Journ. Sci. x: 252.
1S19. Not Walt. 17S8.
Acciales viiidijloa var. lanccolala A. llray, Syn. Fl.
2: Part i, yq. 1S7S.
Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, a'-.s' long, \"-i" wide. Range of the type, often with it.
Acerates viridiflora lineari A. lUay, Syn. Fl. 2: Part, i, 99. 1.S78.
Leaves elongated linear; stem low; unUiels often solitary. Minnesota and Manitoba to the
Northwest Territory, Louisiana and New Mexico.
2. Acerates angustifdlia (Ntitt.) Dec.
Narrow-leaved Milkweed. (Fig. 2925.)
Polvolus anauslifolius Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.
Cl I.; 5:201. ii^ii-x;.
A. ani^uslifolia Dec. in DC. Prodr. 8:^22. 1844.
Asclepias slenopliytla A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 12:
72. 1876.
Stems mostly several together, erect, straight,
l°-2° high, puberident above, glabrate below.
Leaves opposite, or some of the lower alternate,
sessile, narrowly linear, 2'-$' long, glabrous, the
revolute margins and the thick midvein rough
beneath; umbels io-i5-flowered, short-pedun-
cled or subsessile, axillary, usually numerous;
pedicels puberulent; corolla-segments oblong,
greenish; hoods white, not exceeding the an-
thers, 3-toothed at the apex, the acute middle
tooth merely a prolongation of the thickened
crest-like midvein, shorter than the obtuse lat-
eral ones; anther- wings notched at about the mid-
dle; follicles slender, erect, about 3' long ormore.
On dry plains, Nebraska and Colorado to Texas.
Vol. III.]
MILKWEED FAMILY,
3. Acerates Florid^na (Lam.) Hitchc.
Florida Milkweed. (Fig. 2926.)
A^r/fpias rioiidiiiia I.aiii. ICiicycl. i: 284. 1783.
Aciiales lon^ifolia VA\. Hot. S. C. & Ga. l: 317.
1817.
Acerales Floiiiiana A. S. Hitchc. Trans. St.
r.ouis .\c.-i(l. 5: ,SikS. 1891.
Roufjh-puberulent; stetns slender, simple or
little branched, erect or ascending, l"-,^"^ I'igli.
Leaves linear or rarely linear-lanceolate, acute
or acuminate, short-petioled, 2'-S' long, i,'^"-
6" wide, commonly rough-ciliolate on the mar-
gins and midrib; mnbels several or .solitary,
peduncled, usually many-flowered; peduncles
3"-i3" long; pedicels slender, hirsute, J^'-i'
long; corolla greenish white, its segments nar-
rowly oblong, about 2" long; column short but
distinct; hoods oblong, obtuse, entire, sliorter
than the antliers; anther-wings narrowed to the
base; follicles densely puberulent, 4'-5' long.
In moist soil, Ohio to southern Ontario and Min-
nesota, south to North Carolina, I'loiida and Texas.
June-Sept.
4. Acerates auriculata Kngelin.
Auricled Milkweed. (Fig. 2927.)
Acerates ainiciilata I'higelni. Hot. Mex. Hound.
Surv. 161). 185c),
Asi/e/>ias an n'culala Holzinger, Hot. Gaz. 17:
125. lSg2.
Stem glabrous, often glaucous, sinuous
above, rarely branched below, usually stout,
i°-,^° high. Leaves narrowly linear, gla-
brous, short-petioled, ;/-8' long, Yz"-2yz"
wide, becoming leather)-, the rough mar-
gins not revolute; umbels conmionly .several,
den.sely many-flowered, peduncled; pedun-
cels 2"-i' long, pubescent; jiedicels slender,
pubescent ; flowers greenish white tinged with
dull purple; coiolla-segments oblong, 2"-
2j'2'"Iong; column short, but distinct; hoods
yellow, often with a purplish keel, entire, or
emarginately truncate at the apex, not ex-
ceeding the anthers, tlie involute margins
spreading at the base into broad auricles;
follicle.s 2'-3' long, curved.
In dry soil, Nebraska and Colorado to Texas
and New Jlexico, June-Sept.
5. Acerates lanugindsa (Niitt.) Dec.
Woolly Milkweed. (Fig. 2928.)
Asi/epias /iiiitijT-iiiosa 'Sutt. Gen. i: 16S. 1S18.
Acernles lanuginosa Dec. in DC. Proilr. 8: 523. 184 (.
Hirsute all over; stems erect, .slender, simple,
6'-iS' high. Leaves oblong, ovate-lanceolate
or lanceolate, obtuse at the apex, narrowed or
rounded at the ba.se, short-petioled, i'--\' long,
4"-i,5'" wide; umbel .solitary, terminal, densely
many-flowered, peduncled; peduncle stout,
densely hirsute, >^'-ij4' long; pedicels slender,
pubei dent or hirsute; corolla greenish, its seg-
ments oblong, about 2^" long; column none;
hoods purplish, oblong, obtuse, entire, with a flat
fold or auricle on the infolded lower ventral
margins, shorter than the atithers; anther-wings
broadest below the middle.
On prairies, northern Illinois to Minnesota and
Wyonungr. June-Aug.
i6
ASCLEPIADACEAE.
[Vol.. III.
1894.
4. AMPELANUS Raf.; Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, ai: 314.
[Ensi.kma Nutt. Gen. i; 164. iSiS. Not Raf. 1S17.]
Perennial twining herbaceous vines, with petioled opposite cordate thin leave.i, and small
■whitish flowers in axillary peduncled cymes. Calyx 5-parted, minutely glandular within,
the segments lanceolate. Corolla campanulate, deeply 5-cleft, the lobes slightly contorted,
nearly erect. Crown nearly sessile, of 5 membranous truncate lobes, each appendaged by a
simple or 2-cleft awn. Stamens inserted at the base of the corolla, the filaments connate
into a short tube; anthers terminated by an inflexed membrane; pollen-masses solitary in
each sac, ellipsoid, pendulous. Stigma conic, slightly 2-lobed. Follicles thick, acuminate.
Seeds comose. [Cireek, vine-like.]
Tliree species, natives of AniiTica. i^W
I. Ampelanus albidus (Nutt.) Britton.
Sand Vine. (Fig. 2929.)
Enslcitia albida Nutt. (U-n. i; 164. iSiS.
A. atbidus Britton. Dull. Torr. Club, Ji: ;,I4. 1804.
Stem sparingly puberulent, at least above, high-
climbing, slender. Leaves slender-petioled, ovate,
gradually acuminate, deeply cordate, palmately
veined, glabrous or very nearly so, entire, 3'-;'
long, ili'-h' wide; petioles I '-4' long; cymes
usually numerous, rather densely flowered; pe-
duncles stout, y-2' long; flowers 2''-y' long;
corolla-segments lanceolate, acute, about twice as
long as those of the calyx and slightly exceeding
the 2 cleft awns of the corona-lobes; follicles
erect on the ascending fruiting pedicels, 4'-6'
long, glabrous when mature.
Alonn river-banks anil in thickets, southern Penn-
sylvania to Illinois and Kansas, south to Florida and
Texas. Junc-Aug.
5. CYNANCHUM L. Sp. PI. 212. 1753.
[ViNCKToxicuM Moench, Meth. 717. 1794. Not \Valt. 17S.S. ]
Perennial twining herbaceous or slightly woody vines (some species erect herbs), with
opposite or rarely verticillate or alternate leaves, and sm.ill yellowish green or purplish flow-
ers in axillary cymes. Calyx 5-parted, minutely glandular within. Corolla rotate, deeply
5-cleft, the segments spreading, somewhat twisted. Crown cup-like, entire, 5-lobed or
5-parted, the lobes not appendaged. Stamens attached to the base of the corolla, their fda-
nients connate into a tube; anthers appendaged by an inflexed membrane. Pollen-masses
solitary in each sac, pendulous. Stigma flat or conic. Follicles acuminate, glabrous.
Seeds comose. [Greek, dog-strangling, alluding to its poisonous qualities.]
.■\bout 100 species, natives of warm and temperate
regions of bcth the Old World and the New. lie-
sides the following, 2 native species occur in the
southeastern I'nited States.
I. Cynanchum nigrum (L.) Pers.
Black Swallow-wort. (Fig. 2930.)
Asclepias nigra I.. Sp. PI. 216. 175^.
I'iiutloxiciiin iiigpiim Moench, Meth. ,^7. 1794.
Cjuanc/ium nigrum Pers. Syn. i: 274. 1805.
Twining, or at first erect, stem slightly puber-
ulent, slender, 2°-5° high. Leaves ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, entire, thin, acuminate at the
apex, rounded at the base, pinnately veined,
petioled, 2'-5' long, yi'-2^i' -wide, glabrous, or
puberulent beneath; petioles 2"-i2" long; ped-
icels il^''-^," long; flowers dark purple, about
2>2" broad; crown fleshy, 5-lobed; follicles on
nearly straight fruiting pedicels, about 2' long,
glabrous.
In waste places, escaped from gardens, Massa-
chusetts to Pennsylvania and Ohio. Introduced
from Europe. June-Sept.
Vol.. III.]
MILKWHHD FAMIIA'.
17
Pers.
f930.)
RI7- 1794-
t8o5.
Ily puber-
1 ovate or
|te at the
' veined,
Ibrous, or
Ing; ped-
lle, about
llicles on
2' long,
Massa-
Itroduced
^
6. VINCETOXICUM Walt. FI. Car. 104. 1788.
[GoNOLonus Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 119. 1S03.]
Twining or trailing perennial vines, with opposite usually cordate leaves, and rather
large purple brown white or greenish flowers in axill.iry umbel-like cymes or fascicles.
Calyx 5-parted or deeply 5-cleft, mostlj" s-glandular within. Corolla rotate, very deeply 5-
parted, the lube very short, the segments convolute in the bud. Corona (crown) annular
or cup-shaped, entire, lobcd or divided, adnatc to the corolla. Stamens inserted on the base
of the corolla, the filaments connate into a lube; anthers not appendagcd, merely tipped,
borne along or just under the margin of tlie flat-topped stigma, tlie sacs more or less trans-
versely deliiscent. Pollen-masses solitary in each sac, horizontal or nearly so. Follicles
thick, acuminate, smooth, angled or tubcrculate. Seeds comose. [Greek, subduing
poison.]
.\b(nit r.i species, natives of .America, licsidcs the folluwins, some 10 others occur in the
SduUR-ni iinil southwestern Inited .States.
Crown annular, locrenatc: follicles angled, not warty.
Corolla about twict' as lonR as the caly.N. i. f '. subiiosiim.
Corolla ,v( limes as long as the calyx. 2. /'. gonocarpos.
Crown Clip-shaped, about as hiKli as the anthers; follicles warty.
Flowers purple to dull yellow.
Coroilasegnients oblonsf, ,V'~.t" lonp. ,^. V. Iiirsulitni.
Corolla segments linear or linear-oblong, 5"-7" Uh't.
Crown merely crenate. 4. I', obliqutini.
Crown tootlieil or lobed.
Crown 5 lobed, with a subulate 2cleft tooth in each sinus,
Crown III toothed, tlie alternate teeth thinner and longer.
Flowers white.
f. Cuii^linense.
r. S/ior/ii.
I '. Ilahl.c hiiauiim.
-1
I. Vincetoxicum suberosum (L.) Britton. Coa.st Vhicetoxicum. (Fig. 2931.)
CyiujniiiHtii sii/ierosiim I,. .Sj). PI. 212. I75,v
(r. sii/>cro.s!/s R. Hr. in AH. Hort. Kew. Kd. 2: S2. iSii.
/ '. siihiTosiim liritton. Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 2')6. 1S94.
Stem pubescent or glabrous, slender, twining.
Leaves thin, i's' long, i'-3' wide, ovate or ovate-
oval, acute or abruptly acuminate at the apex, cor-
date at the ba.se, the sinus shallow, open; petioles
yi'-2' long; cymes commonly few-flowered; pe-
duncles '.i-'-i' long; pedicels Jj'-i' long, fleshy,
nearly glabrous; corolla brown-purple, broadly
conic in the bud, its segments lanceolate or ovate-
lanceolate, acute, pubescent or granulose within,
3"-4''' long, about tivicc as long as the calyx;
crown an annular flesh}- undulately lo-crcnate disk;
follicles glabrous, 3-5-ariglcd, when young fleshy,
when mature dry and spongy, 4'-6' long, i' in
diameter or more.
In thickets, Virginia to Vlorida, mainly near the
coast. May-July.
2. Vincetoxicum gonoc^rpos Walt.
Large-leaved Angle-pod. (Fig. 2932.)
I'incelo.xiciim gonr>carf>os\\'.\\X. I'l. Car. 1114. 17SS.
<7. macro/)/iy//ii.K Tilichx. VI. Dor. Am. i: 119. 1S03.
Gonolobus /afzis \ar. nviciophyllus .K. Gray, Syn. Fl.
3: Part i, 103. 1S7S.
Glabrous or pubescent, stems slender, climbing
high. Leaves broadly ovate, thin, 3'-S' long, 2'-6'
•wide, acuminate at the apex, deeply cordate at the
base, the sinus narrow or the rounded auricles over-
lapping; petioles 1'-^' long; cymes few- flowered;
peduncles i '-3' long; pedicels rather stout, glabrous
or nearly so; corolla conic in the bud, its segments
lanceolate, Y's" long, 3-4 times as long as the
calyx; crown a low obtusely undulate disk; follicles
glabrous, similar to those of the preceding species
but usually shorte
.\long rivers and moist thickets, Virginia to South
Carolina, west to Indiana, Missouri and Texas.
3
i8
ASCUU'IADACKAK.
[Vol,. III.
Vlncetoxicum gonocikrpos laivis (Michx.) llritton, Meiu. Torr. Hot. Club, 5: 266. 181^4,
Oonolohiis /aei'is Michx. Fl. Ilor. Am. l; iH). iSm.
UsHHlly glahrous; sinus of llii' Ifavcs open. Near WnshinKton, 1). C, Kansas (according to B.
n. Smyth), south to Mississippi and Tixas.
3. Vlncetoxicum hirsutum (Michx.) Brit-
ton. Hairy Vincetoxicum. (Fig. 2933.)
O'dno/tthiis /iir.'!ii/tis fiUchx. Fl. Hor. Am I: 119. 180,^.
/'. liirstiluiH Hritton, .Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 266. 1S94.
vSteni downy, slender, Leaves ovate, acuminate
at the apex, deeply cordate at the base, downy, 2'-^'
Ion),', i'-2!2' wide, the sinus narrow, or the lobes
sotnetinies overlapping; petioles slender, pubescent,
]i'-2' lonj;; peduncles usually about equalling the
petioles, .sometimes longer; umbels few-several-
llowered; corolla brown-purple to greenish yellow,
ovoid in the bud, its segments oblong, very obtuse,
3"-4" long, minutely puberuleut without, about 4
times as long as the densely puliesceut calyx; crown
cup-shaped, fleshy, about as high as the anthers,
the margin lo-crenate; follicles lanceolate, 3'-5'
long, muricatc, puberulent; seeds entire.
In thickets, Maryland to Florida, west to Tennessee.
]uly-.\uB.
4. Vincetoxicum obliquum (Jacq.) Britton
(Fig. 2934.)
Cvnanchum hhluiii I,. Sp. I'l. 212. ir.s,^?
Cvnancluim oh/ 1(/ 11 11 m hicq. Coll. i: 14S.' ly^U.
G. obliquiis R. Br.; R. & S. .Syst. 4: 64. 1,^20.
V. obliquum Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: v'A. 189).
Stem puberulent or hirsute, slender. Leaves
pubescent, broadly ovate, acuminate at the apex,
deeply cordate at the base with an open or
closed sinus, a'-S' long, i/2'-6' wide; petioles
rather stout, pubescent, i'-4'long; umbels slen-
der-peduncled, few-flowered; pedicels very slen-
der, i'-2' long; corolla narrowly conic in the
bud, red-purple within, greenish and minutely
pubescent without, its segments elongated-lin-
ear, obtuse, 6-7 times as long as the hirsute
calyx; crown cup-shaped, as high as the an-
thers, fleshy, its margin lo-crenulate, the inter-
mediate crenulations sometimes 2-dentate; fol-
licles ovoid-lanceolate, 2'-^' long, muricate.
In thickets, Pennsylvania to Ohio, south to Vir-
ginia and Kentucky. July-Aug.
Large- flowered Vincetoxicum.
5. Vincetoxicum Carolinense (Jacq.) Brit-
ton. Carolina Vincetoxicum. (Fig. 2935.)
Cynanchiim Cd'o/iiiciixr ]acq. Coll. 2: 228. 17S8.
G. Ciiio/iiieiisis R. Br.; R. & S. Syst. 6: 62. 1S20.
/'. Carolinense Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 265. 1894.
Stem hirsute. Leaves broadly ovate, acute or
short-acuminate at the apex, deeply cordate at the
base with a narrow or closed sinus, y-T' long,
i'S'/i' wide, pubescent, at least beneath; petioles
hirsute, i J^'-4''long; peduncles 2'-4' long; pedicels
very slender, i' long or more; corolla brown-pur-
ple, oblong-conic in the bud, puberulent without,
its segments linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, ob-
tusish, y-b" long, 5-6 times longer than the hir-
sute calyx; crown cup-shaped, scarcely fleshy, 5-
lobed, with a subulate longer 2-cleft erect tooth in
each sinus; follicles muricate.
In thickets, Virginia to Missouri, south to South
Carolina and Louisiana. May-July.
4*
I
Vol,. III.]
MILKWEED FAMILY.
19
Short's Vincetoxicum.
(l.)Brit-
12935-)
I17S8.
1820.
1894.
acute or
; at the
I7' long,
1 petioles
I pedicels
|wn-pur-
vithout,
!, ob-
J the hir-
■eshy, 5-
Itooth in
lo South
6. Vincetoxicum Shortii (A. Gray) Ikitton.
(t'ig- 2936.)
Goiiold/iiis oblii/inis v.ir. S/ior/ii A. Cray, Syn.
ri. 2: I'art I, ii>i. 187S.
(7. Slid) Hi A. Ciniy, loc. cit. VA. 2, 104. iSS'i.
;'. Slioilii Hritloii, Mfiii. Torr. Clul), 5; 2H^. 1S91.
Stein pubescent, or hirsute with sprendiiiK
Iiairs. Leaves downy, broadly ovate, acute or
short-acuminate at the apex, deeply cordate
at the base and wlien old witli a narrow or
closed sinus, 4'-7' lony, i, '4 '-5 ^'-2' wide; peti-
oles stout, pubescent, i>^'-3'long; peduncles
usually longer than the petioles; cymes sev-
eral-flowered; pedicels l' long or more; cor-
olla oblong-conic in the bud, dark criuison-
purple, its lobes linear, ^"-1" long, 5-7 times
as long as the hirsute calyx; crown cup-
shaped, fleshy, as high as the anthers, its
margin about lo-tootheci, the alternate teeth
thinner and longer, emarginatc or 2-parted,
the others broader, thicker, with an obscure
internal crest or ridge below the summit; fol-
licles warty.
Ill thickets, IViiiisylvania to easti-rn Kentucky
and Ck'orff ia. I-'lowiTs with the odor of the Straw-
berry-shrub. Juiie-Aug.
7. Vincetoxicum Baldwinianum (Sweet)
Britton. Baldwin's \'iiicetoxicuin.
(Fig. 2937.)
Gonnlobiix Hahluinianus Sweet; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 3:
Part I, 104. 1876
I'iiueloxiciim llald-cinianum Rritton, JFcm. Torr.
Chib, 5: 265. '894.
Stem pubescent, or hirsute. Leaves downy,
broadly ovate, acute, or short-acuminate at the
apex, deeply cordate at the base, 3'-6' long, or
more; petioles hirsute, i'-2' long; peduncles 6"-
12" long, usually longer than the pedicels; cymes
several-many-flowered; corolla white, or cream-
color, the lobes thin, oblong, or becoming spatulatc,
\"-h" long; crown thin, the 5 broader lobes quad-
rate, emarginate, or obscurely toothed; in their
sinuses a pair of very slender linear-subulate teeth
of more than double their length, much surpassing
the stigma.
Missouri and Arkansas to Georgia. May-June.
Family 19. CONVOLVULACEAE Vent. Tabl. 2: 394. 1799.
;Mornin(',-«',i,ury Famii.v.
Herbs, .some tropical species .shrubs or trees, the .stems twining, ascending,
trailing or erect, with alternate exstipulate entire dentate lobed or dissected
leaves, and regular perfect axillary cytnose or solitary flowers. Calyx inferior,
5-parted or 5-divided, usually persistent, the segments or .sepals imbricated.
Corolla gamopetalous, funnelform, salverform, campanulate, tubular or rarely
subrotate, the limb 5-angled, 5-lobed or entire. Stamens 5, inserted low down
on the tube of the corolla and alternate with its lobes, all anther-bearing, the
filaments filiform, or dilated at the base, equal or unequal; anthers 2-celled, the
sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Disk annular or none. Ovary superior, sessile,
2-3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cavity, or falsely 4-6-celled with a single ovule
in each cavity, entire or 2-4-divided; styles 1-3, terminal, or arising from be-
tween the ovary-divisions; ovules anatropous. Fruit a 2-4-valved capsule or of
2-4 distinct carpels, in our species. Seeds erect, the testa villous, pubescent or
glabrous; embryo plaited or crumpled; cotyledons foliaceous; endosperm fleshy
or cartilaginous, usually scanty.
About 40 genera and 900 species, of wide geographic distribution, most abundant in the tropics.
20
CONVOIA'fLACKAE.
[Vol,. Ill,
Ovary 2(livi<U'tl, llif oiirpt-ls 2 oyulcd; crecpiiiK herbs. i. Dichondia.
Ovary entire, -■- ( ct'llcil; style siniplc, ckft or ilividid.
Style 3 elf ft or j divided.
Style aeleft or .• parted. a. Breueiia.
Style .? dividi (1 tn the ovary, eaeh divisioTi 2 eleft. 3. /Cfolviilti.l.
Style entire up to the stlKina.
StiKiiiii or stiu'iias eapitate or globose.
Corolla salverforiii; stamens and style exscrted. 4. (hiatnoi/i/.
Corolla fiinnelforni or eain))anulale; .stamens and styU' included. 5. /fioiiicrii.
Stigmas 2, Id i form to oblong. 6. O'liZ'K/rii/iis.
1776.
1. DICHONDRA Forst. Char. V.cih PI. 31). />/. /o
Prostrate or creeping slender niitiual (soiiietinies perennial ?) silky-]nibe3ceiit or glabrous
herbs, with nearly orbicular cordate or reniforni petioltd entire leaves, and very small soli-
tary axillary pedunded flowers. Sepals nearly e(iual| obloiiJL; or spatulate. Corolla open-
canipaiinlate, deeply s-lobcd, the lobes induplicate in the bud. Stamens shorter than the
corolla; fdaments fdiforni Ovary villous, deeply 2parted, each lobe 2-celled; styles 2, sim-
ple, arisinj.; fro'.n the bases of the ovary-lobes; stij^mas capitate. Fruit of 2 pubescent 2-
valved or indehiscent i 2-sceded c.n])sulcs. [Greek,
two-Rrained, referring to the capsules.]
About ,s species, natives of warm and tropical reKions.
Besides the foUowinu, anollier occurs in the soulhwi st.
I. Dichondra evolvulacea (I/, f. ) Britton.
Dichondra. (Fip. 2938.)
Siblhnrpia r:ol:uliici\i I,. Suppl. jsg. 1781.
Dtchondta >epvti<i Korsl. I"l. Inst. .\nst. I'mdr. 2. 17S().
D. evolvuUicea liritton, Jlem. 'i'orr. Club, 5: 2(iS. 18(9.
Somewhat pubescent, or glabrous ; stems almost
filiform, creeping, rooting at the nodes, 6'-2° long.
Iveaves orbicular to renifortn, deeply cordate, '4'-! ,'i'
in diameter, palmately veined; petiole often much
longer than the blade; flowers i"-2" broad; peduncles
filiform; sepals obtuse, spatulate or obovatc; corolla
yellow to wliitc, shorter than the sepals, its lobes ovate
to oblong; capsule I'^liigh or less.
In moist or wet places. Virjfinia to Texas and Mexico.
near the coast. Widely distributed in South .\inerica and
in the Old World, especially in the southern hemisphere.
2. BREWERIA R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. HoU. i: 487. 1810.
Herbs, mostly perennial and procumbent, with entire short-petioled or sessile leaves, and
1-5-flowcred axillary peduncles; flowers white, purple, pink, or yellow. vSepals acute or
obtuse. Corolla campanulateor funnclform-campanulate; limb plaited, 5-angled or slightly
5-lobed. Stamens included; fdaments fdiform, or dilated at the base. Ovary 2-celled;
style 2-cleft or 2-parted; stigmas capitate. Capsule globose to ovoid, 2-celled, 2-4-valvcd.
Seeds 1-4, glabrous or pubescent. [Named for .Samuel Hrewer, a correspondent of Dillen.]
About .10 species, widely distributed in warm-temperate and tropical regions. Besides the
following, 2 or 3 others occur in Florida and i in Te.xas.
Sepals acute or acuminate; leaves oblong, elliptic or linear.
Corolla white; fdaments pubescent; plant pubescent or puberulcnt. i. H. humi<itiata.
Corolla purple; fdaments glabrous; plantsdkytomento.se. 2. II. aqualica.
},. H. Piclci inifii.
I. Breweria humistritta (Walt.) A. Gray.
Southern Breweria. (Fig. 2939.)
Cont'olz'iilus Inniiistraliis Walt. V\. Car. 94. 17S8.
Slyltsma humistrala Chapm. Fl. .S. States, 346. 1S60.
lionamia hnviislrala .\. Oray, Man. lid. ,■;, 376. 1867.
liieiceria humislrala A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2: Part i, 217. 1S7S.
Pubescent or puberulent; stems slender, i°-2° long,
simple, or with a few long branches. Leaves elliptic,
oblong-elliptic, or ovate-oblong, obtuse and mu-
cronulate or some of them emarginate at the apex,
subcordate, rounded or narrowed at the base, %'-i'
wide, i'-2' long; petioles x"-}/' long; peduncles
slender, longer than the leaves, i-y-flowered, minutely
bracted at the summit ; sepals glabrous or puberulent,
oblong, acuminate, 2"-^" long; corolla white, 6"-8"
long; filaments pubescent; style 2-cleft; capsule ovoid,
acute, glabrous, about as long as the calyx.
In dry pine barrens, Virginia to Florida and Louisi-
ana. May-Aug.
Sepals obtuse; leaves narrowly linear.
x^ 0/
Vol.. III.]
MORNINO-GI.ORY FAMILY.
Gray.
>S8.
1867.
pi7. 1878.
-2° long,
elliptic,
jnd mu-
Ibe apex,
|e, 'A'-i'
leduucles
linutely
)erulent,
i, 6"-8"
le ovoid,
2. BrewerJa aquatica (Walt.) A. Gray.
Water Breweria. (Fig. 2940.)
Coin'iil'.uliis a(/ua/i(iis Walt. I'l. Car. 9.). 17.SS.
Slylisniii at/ita/itii Cliapiii. l"l. S. States, ^ji). iSiki.
/{iinaima aiiiialita A. Ciray, Man. ICd. ,s. ^,-fi. 18(17.
Ilieuiiia aiinalica A. Gray, Syti. I'"l. J; I'art i, 217. 187S.
I'Miicly iiiid densely silky-tonicntose, brnnclied, the
branches long nnd sleiiiler. Leaves oliloti^, elliptic, or
oblong-lanceolate, obtuse at both ends, niucronate or
eniarj-inate at the apex, sometiincs snbcordate at the l)ase,
li'-l/i'lon^, 2" .'" wide; jiedundes i-^-flowered, longer
than the leaves, tnitiutely bracted at the summit ; sepals
densely tonmitose, oblong, acute or acuminate, about 2"
long; corolla purple or pink, ,s"-7" long; filaments gla-
brous; style 2-parted nearly to the base.
In wet .soil, especially in pine barrens, Missouri to Texas,
east to North Carolina and Horida. May- Aug.
Breweria Pickeringii (M. A. Curtis) A. Gray. Pickering'.s Hreweria.
(Fig. 2941.)
/vrj. Ci>ii:'fl:'ulii\ I'iikniiij^ii M. A. Curtis, Host. Journ. Nat.
^J/^ . Hist. 1:129. i**,*-.
W^"^ ,-\ / ./I .SVi//.tw/(i /Vc/r»/(/i,';;' A. dray, Man. ICd. 2. ,s,VS. iS.sfi.
''1 fS-V / / \ JliDiainia J'ifiiihigiiW. (Vray, Man. lid. ,s, ,\yl>. 1867.
Jtificii ill I'icki'i iiifiii .\. llray, Syii. Vl. 2. I'ait 1.217. 1878.
Stem pubescent or puberulent, very slender, simple
or branched, I "-2° long. Leaves puberulent or gla-
brous, narrowly linear, obtuse or acutish at the apex,
narrowed at the base, I'-aJi' long, y2"-2" wide; peti-
oles very short; peduncles slender, about as long as
the leaves, with i or 2 linear bracts at the summit
which arc usuall)- longer than the pedicels and calyx;
sepals pubescent or hirsute, ovate to oval, obtuse,
about 2" long; corolla white, about i' long; filaments
nearly glabrous; style 2-cleft; capsule ovoid, acute,
pubescent, longer tlian the calyx.
Ill dry pine barrens. New Jersey to Xnrth Carolina;
Illinois to Louisiana and Tc.vas. Junc-Aug.
3. EVOLVULUS L. Sp. PI. Kd. 2, 391. 1762.
Erect or diffuse branching, mostly silky-pubescent or pilose, annual or perennial kerbs,
with small usually entire leaves, and solitary axillary racemose or paniculate small blue
pink or white flowers. Sepals nearly equal, acute or obtuse. Corolla funnelform, canipan-
ulate or rotate, the limb plaited, s-atigled or 5-lobed. Stamens included, or exserted; fila-
ments filiform; anthers ovate or oblong. Ovary entire, 2-cellcd; style 2-divided to the
base, or near it, each division deeply 2-cleft ; stigmas linear-filiform. Capsule globose to
ovoid, 2-4-valved, 1-4-sceded. Seeds glabrous. [Latin, unrolling.]
About 85 species, natives of warm and tropical rc^J:ions. liesides the following, some 7 others
occur ill the soutliern tnited States. j,, ■!, >/
Evolvulus pilosus Xiitt.
(Fig. 2942.)
F.vol villus.
J'tnlz'iiliis aiS:Cn/('Hs I'ursli, Kl. Am. Sept. 1S7. 1S14.
Not R Hr. 1810.
Id'olz'itliis pilnsiis Nutt. Gen. 1: 174. iSiS.
Perennial, densely silky-pubescent or villous;
stems ascending or erect, 3'-9' high, very leafy.
Leaves sessile, oblong, lanceolate or spatulate, 3"-
9" long, i"-y wide, acute or obtuse at the apex,
narrowed at the base; flowers solitary in the axils;
peduncles 2-bractcd at the base, recurved in fruit,
l'''-2" long; sepals lanceolate, acute or acuminate;
corolla funuclform-catnpanulate, purple or blue,
y'-b" broad; capsule i>^"-2" in diameter, about
as long as the sepals.
On dry plains, Nebraska to Jlexico and Arizona.
May-July.
aa
CONVOIA'UI.ACKAR.
4. QUAMOCLIT Mociich, Meth. 453. 1794.
[Vol,. It I.
Twining lierl)ai'eons viiii's, witli pcliolcd entire lobed or piimntcly parted leaves, niul
cyniosc racemose or solitary peduiuleit axillary (lowers. Sepals 5, licrbateous, ecjual,
acuniitiatc, tiiiicroiiate or appciida){e<l. Corolla salverfortn (scarlet in the followinK species),
the tuhe narrow, somewhat dilated aliovc, shorter than the spreading s-lohed limb. Sta-
mens and style more or less exserted; stigma capitate; ovary 3-celled or falsely .(-celled,
4-ovule<l. I'rnit nsnally .i-celled and .(-seeded. [Creek, dwarf kidney-hean.]
About ios|uciis, i)f warm and tnipical ri'^ii'tis, mily tlu' IDllDwinB in North .XincriiM.
I.iBves pinniitily parted iiito very n.irri)W sckiihiUs. i. O. (iininindi/.
1,1'avts riir<lati', acuininati', tntiri- or aUKulati' Icibud. ]. (J. tiuciiua.
I. QuamoclitQuamoclit (L,.) IJritton. Cypress Vine. Indian Pink. (Fig. 2943.)
Ifiiiiiiorii Oiinniocli/ I,. Sp. I'l. 159. I7,S.?.
£>. Tiil,i:a>is Choisy in DC. I'rodr. 9: ,VV). 1^(5,
.\nnual, xlabr^us; stem slender, twiniuK to a
heij^ht of i()°-2o°. Leaves ovate in outline,
pctioled, or nearly sessile, a'-;' lonj;, pinnately
parteil nearly to the midvcin into n.irrowly
linear entire segments les.^ than 1" wide; pe-
duncles slender, commonly much longer than
the leaves, 1-6 flowered; pedicels i' long or
more, thickening in fruit; sepals oblong, obtuse,
usually tinicronulate, 2"-}," long; corolla scar-
let, salvcrform, I'-i^j' long, the tube expanded
above, the limb nearly flat, the lobes ovate,
acutish; stamens and style exserted; ovary 4-
celled; ovule i in each cell; capsule ovoicl, 4-
valvcd, about 5" high, twice as long as the sepals.
In waste and ciiltiv.atcd Kroiind, VirKinia to Flor-
ida, Kansas and Te.\as. .SpariiiKly escaped from
gardens lartlier north. Naturalized from tropical
Ameriea. July-(X't, Called also American Red
Hell-flower and Sweet William of the llarbadoes,
a. Quamoclit coccinea (L.) Moencli.
Small Red Morning-glory. (Fig. 2944.)
Jpomcea loccinea I,. Sp. I'l. iCxj. 17.S.V
QuaniDiii I coccinea Moencli, Meth. .15,5. I79(.
Annual, glabrous, or puberuleut, stem twin-
ing to a height of several feet or trailing.
Leaves ovate to orbicular, deeply cordate,
long-acuminate, 2'-6' long, entire or angulatc-
lobed, slendcr-petioled; peduncles few-several-
flowered, usually not longer than the leaves;
sepals oblong, obtuse, aboi/ 2" long, subulate-
appendaged; corolla sf.ver-form, lo'-'-ao"
long, the limb obscurely 5-lobed; stamens and
style slightly exserted; ovary .(-celled with i
ovule in each cell; capsule globose, 4-valvcd,
},"-i," in diameter.
Along river-banks and in waste places, southern
Pennsylvania to Florida, west to Oliio, Missouri,
Texas and Arizona. Naturalized from tropical
America, or native in the Southwest. A hybrid
of this species with the preceding is sometimes
cultivated. July-Oct.
5. IPOMOEA L. Sp. PI. 159. 1753-
Twining trailing ascending or rarely erect herbs, annual or perennial, with large showy
axillary solitary or cymose flowers. Sepals equal or unequal. Corolla funuelform or cam-
panulate, the limb entire, 5 angled or 5-lobed, the tube more or less plaited. Stamens equal
or unequal, included; fdaments filiform, or dilated at the base; anthers ovate, obloug, or
linear. Ovary entire, globose or ovoid, 2-4-celled, 4-6-ovuled; style filiform, included;
stigmas i or 2, capitate or globose. Capsule globose or ovoid, usually septifragally 2-4-valved,
2-4-seeded. [Greek, worm-like.]
About 350 species, of wide geographic distribution. Besides the following, some 25 others
occur in southern and western North America. Kno«-n as Morning-Glory or False Bindweed.
(
vot. in.]
MORNINCi-C.I.ORY I'AMILY.
23
Ovary 2 ctUnl (rarely ( I't-lliil); slinma ciitiri' or j-Iol>cil.
I.ciivcs loriliitc; slims trailing iir twining.
IVniiiiiiil from an iiKirmoiiH root; corolla j' V loiiK-
Animal; roots lilirous; t-orolla l"-<i" loti({, wliitc.
Annual; lorolla i' 1'/ loiin, jiink or puipk'.
I.cavts liiiL-ar; stfius ascitulint! or crfct.
(Ivary ,i ctllid; stigmas (; liaves ronlatf.
I.eavis iiilirr; cdtolta 2' j' ' Imilf.
I.iavis (litply ( lobi'il, corolla 1' i ' 1' lollgr.
t. fiandiiiiila.
I. i'aioliiiit.
I. Iepti'f>li_vll,i.
fill) pill ea.
lit ill I acia.
I. Ipomoea pandurskta (ly. ) Mtyer. Wild Potato Vine. (Fig, 2945.)
Coiiri'/rii/ii': /•iiiii/iiia/iis !,. Sp. I'l. i.s.t. i7.St-
y. paiidiiiiihi Miytr, I'ritn. I'l. I'Nsiii. 100. iMS,
rereiiiiial from an cnoniious fleshy root, >,'!«-
brous or puhcruleiit; stems trailing or fectjly
climbiiiKi i'-u" loiij;. Leaves broadly ovale, cor-
dutc, aciiniiiiatc at the apex, 2'-(>' loii^,', sletiilcr-
pctioled, entire, sometimes contracted in the miil-
dle, or some of the later ones rarely anfjulate-den-
tate or .vlobed; peduncles 1-5-flowered, much
elongated in fruit; sepals oblong, obtuse or aciit-
isli, 6"-S" loHK, k1''''"'0"SI corolla funnelform,
white, or with pinkisli ])urple stripes in the throat,
a'-3' lonn, the limb 5-lobed; ovary 2-cclled; cap-
sule ovoid, 2-valved, 2-4-seeded, the seeds densely
woolly on the margins and pubescent on the sides.
In dry soil, in fuUls or on hills, Ontario to Connec-
ticut and I'lorida, Michigan, Kansas and Texas. Oc-
curs rarely with double Mowers. Called also Man of-
the-l'lartirand Media Meek (Indian). May-Sept.
2. Ipomoea lacundsa L,.
vSinall- flowered White Morning-glory. (Fig. 2946.)
Ipomoea laiiiiiosa I,. Sp. I'l. i')i. I7,s.<.
Annual, pubescent or hirsute, rarely glabrous;
stem twining, 2°-i()° long. Leaves slcnder-
petioled, broadly ovate, cordate, acute or acum-
inate at the apex, entire, angled orj-lobcd, 2'-4'
long, the lobes acute; peduncles 1-3-flowcred,
shorter than the leaves; pedicels slender; sepals
oblong or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, pu-
bescent or ciliate, about 5" long; corolla fun-
nelform, 6"-\o" long, white, or the limb pur-
ple; ovary 2-celled; stigma capitate; capsule
globose, 2-valved, shorter than or about equal-
ling the sepals.
In moist soil, Pennsylvania to South Carolina,
west to Illinois, Missouri and Texas. July-Sept.
3. Ipomoea Carolina (L.) Pitrsh. Small-
flowered Pink Morning-glory. (Fig. 2947.)
Convolz'iiliis Caioliiiiis I,. Sp. PI. 1,14. 175,^
Ipomoea li ichocarpa V,\\. Hot. S. C. & Ga. i: 258.
Ipomoea commulala R. & S. Syst. 4: 228. 1S19.
Ipo - . - - -
1817.
Ipomoea Carolina Pursli, Fl. Am. Sept. 145. 1814.
Similar in habit to the preceding species, but the
leaves usually more lobcd; peduncles often longer
than the leaves, 1-3-flowered; sepals lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent or ciliate;
corolla I '-i/^' long, pink or purple; capsule gla-
brous or pubescent.
Kansas (accorditiK to Holzinger) to Texas, east to
South Carolina and Florida.
CONVOIvVULACEAE.
[Vol. III.
4. Ipomoea leptophylla Torr. Bush
Morning-glory. (Fig. 2948.)
Ipotnoea Irfilopiiylla Torr. in I'rciii. Kep. 95. 1S45.
rereiiiiial from an enormous root, which some-
times weighs 25 ll)s., glabrous throughout; stems
erect, asccndinj;; or reclining, rather stout, 2°-4°
long, much branched. Leaves narrowly linear,
entire, acute, 2'-5' long, i"-y wide; petioles
very short; peduncles stout, nearly erect, usually
shorter than the leaves, 1-4-flowcred; pedicels
shorter than the peduncles; sepals broadly ovate,
obtuse, 2i"-A" loi'K. or the outer shorter; corolla
funnelform, purple or pink, about 3' long, the limb
scarcely lobed; capsule ovoid, acute, S"-i2" long,
2-celled, much longer than the sepals; seeds pubes-
cent.
In dry soil, Nebraska and Wyoming, Sduth to Texas
and New Mexico. May-July.
5. Ipomoea purpiirea (L.) Roth.
Morning-glory. (Fig. 2949.)
Con7vl:i/his />!ir/>iiiens I,. Sp. PI. ICd. 2, ciq. 1762.
Jpomoea purpurea Roth, Hot. Abh. 27. 17S7.
.Annual, pubescent; stem rctrorsely hairy,
twining or trailing, 4°-io° long. Leaves broadly
ovate, deeply cordate, acute or acuminate, 2'-
4' wide, slender-pctioled; peduncles slender,
1-5-flowcred, often longer than the petioles; se-
pals lanceolate or obloug, acute, pubescent or
hirsute near the base, 6"-8" long; corolla fun-
nelform, blue, purple, pink, variegated 'r white,
2'-2,'2'' long; ovary 3-celled (rarely 2-celled);
stigmas 3 (rarely 21; capsule depressed-globose,
about 5" in diameter, .shorter than the sepals.
In waste places, commonly escapc<l fiuni jjardeiis,
Nova Scotia to I'Murida, west to Ontario. Nebraska
aud Tex s. There is a double-flowered lorin in
cultivation. Adveiitive or naturalized Irom tropical
America. July-Oct.
6. Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. Ivy- leaved Morning-glory. (Fig. 2950.)
Ipomoea liejeraeea Jaci|. Icon. Rar. pi. j6. 1781,
.\nnual, pubescent; stem twining or climbing to
a height of 2°-5°, slender, retrorsely hairy.
Leaves ovate-orbicular in outline, long-pctioled,
deeply 3-lobed, cordate at the base, 2'-$' long, the
lobes ovate, acuminate, entire, or the lateral ones
sometimes rcpand or dentate; peduncles 1-3-
(iowercd, much shorter than the petioles; flowers
opening in early morning, soon closing; sepals
lanceolate with long linear often recurved tips
densely hirsute below, sparingly so above, 8"-! 2"
long; corolla funnelform, the tube usually nearly
white, the limb light blue or purple, I'-iJj' long;
ovary 3-cclled; stigmas 3; capsule depressed-glo-
bose, 3-valved, about as long as the lanceolate
portion of the sepals.
In fields and waste places, I.onfr Island to Florida,
west to Pennsylvania, Nebraska and Mexico. Natu-
ralized or advenlivc from tropical .\merica. July-Oct.
■
Vol,. III.]
MORNING-GLORY FAMILY.
25
/ff
\
ibiiig to
hairy,
jctioled,
hijf, the
\a\ ones
1-3-
Iflowcrs
sepals
i tips
liicarly
r long;
id-glo-
feolate
|lurida,
Natu-
ly-Oct.
1. C. sepitim.
2. C. repens.
3. C. spilhaviaeus.
6. CONVOLVULUS L. Sp. PI. 153. 1753.
Herbs (the following species perennials with slender rootstocks) with trailing, twining
or erect steins. Leaves entire dentate or lobed, mostly cordate or sagittate and petioled.
Flowers axillary, solitary or clustered, large, pink, purple or white. Sepals nearly equal or
the outer larger, the calyx bractless or with a pair of bracts at its base. Corolla funnel-
form or campanulatc, the limb plaited, 5-angled, 5-lobed, or entire. Stamens inserted on
the tube of the corolla, included; filaments filiform, or dilated at the base. Ovary 1-2-
celled, 4-ovuled; style filiform; .stigmas 2, filiform, oblong, or ovoid. Capsule globose or
nearly so, i-4-':elled, 2-4-valved. .Seeds glabrous. [Latin, to roll together, or entwine.]
.\l)oiit 175 spccit'S, of wide distribution in tropical and temperate regions. Besides the follow-
ing, some 111 others occur in the soul hern and western I'nited Stales.
Calyx with 2 largo bracts aX the base, which enclose it. ((ienus Viil-VLT.ts Medic.)
Stems Hailing or climbing.
Stems ,v lo long; leaves hastate, the auricles often dentate.
.Stems \'' X' long; leaves sagittate, the auricles rounded, entire.
.Stem erect or ascending; (lowers white; bracts not cordate.
Calyx not bracted; pe<hnicle braeted at the summit.
(Uabrous or nearly so; leaves entire, auriculate. 4. C. aizcnsis.
Canescent; leaves witli 2-4 basal lobes. 5. C. iiicaiius.
I. Convolvulus sepium L,. Hedge
or Great Bindweed. Rutland
Beauty. (Fig. 2951.)
Coiiviih'tihis srpiinn I,. Sp. PI. I,s,v I7.S,V
Coiii'Klvuhis sfpiiim var. Ainericaniis Sims,
Hot. Mag. pi. -.'-'. I So).
Calvslei^ia srpitiii R. l!r. Prodr. V\. Nov. lloll,
i":4,\i. i.-'o.
Glabrous or pubescent; stems extensively
trailing or twining, ;i°-in° long. Leaves
slender-petioled, triangular in outline, has-
tate, 2'-^' long, acute or acumin.'ite at the
apex, the basal lobes divergent, usually
acute, angulatc dentate or entire; petioles
|i'-2' long; peduncles i-flowered, longer
than the leaves; flowers pink with white
stripes or white throughout, about 2' long;
bracts at the base if the corolla, large, ovate,
acute or obtuse, cordate; stigmas oblong.
In fields and thickets, usually in moist soil,
Nova Scotia to North Carolina, west to Minne-
sota, Utah and Nebraska. .\lso in liurope and
Asia. The plants of eastern North .Vnierica
])crhaps constitute several species. Junc-Aug.
Old nanus, liell-liind. Woodbind, I.ily bind,
Lady's Nightcap and Hedge Lily.
Convolvulus Japouicus Thunb. Kl. Jap. 85, i7S(, a species with narrow hastate leaves and smaller
pink flowers, cultivated in a donble-llowered form, has in this form escaped from cultiv.itiou from
southeastern New York to the District of Columbia and Missouri,
2. Convolvulus repens l^. Trailing
Bindweed. (Fig. 2952.)
CKiirnl-rti/us ri'peits L. .Sp. PI, 15,^ i7,s?.
Cal\'stei;ia scpiiim var. pubesceiis A. Grav, Man,
V.A. ,«;, y;b. 1867.
Coii:ol:iili(s sepiinn var. rt'peiis A. Cray, Syn. 1"1.
2; Part I, 215. 1.S7S.
Pubescent or tomentose; stem trailing or
twining, i°-3° long, simple, or sparingly
branched. Leaves ovate or oblong, petioled,
l'-2' long, obtuse, acute or abruptly acuminate
at the apex, sagittate or cordate at the base, en-
tire, the basal lobes rounded, scarcely or not at
all divergent; petioles }i'-i' long; peduncles i-
flowered, equalling or longer than the leaves;
flowers white (sometimes pink ',') about 2' long;
caly.x enclosed by 2 ovate acute or obtusish
slightly cordate bracts; stigmas oblong.
In drj- fields, Virginia to Florida, west to Dakota
and Texas, May-.\ug,
CONVOLVULACEAE.
[Vol,. III.
3. Convolvulus spithamaeus L. Up-
right Bindweed, (Fig. 2953.)
Coiizoliuhis sfiilliamaeiis I,. Sp. PI. 15S. 175,^.
Ca/vs/i'ffia spitliamaea Pursli, I'l. Am. Sept. 143.
Vohulu.' spilliamacu.'; Kuiitze, Ruv. Gen. PI. 447.
1891.
Pubescent, or glabrate; stem erect or ascend-
ing, straight, or the summit sometimes feebly
twining, 6'-i2' high. Leaves oval, short-
petioled or the uppermost sessile, usually ob-
tuse at both ends, sometimes acutish at the
apex and subcordate at the base, \'-2' long,
Vz'-iU' wide; peduncles i-flowered, longer
than the leaves; flowers white, nearly 2' long;
calj'x enclosed by 2 large oval acutish bracts
which are narrowed at both ends and not cor-
date at the base; stigmas oblong, thicW .
In dry sandy or rocky fields or on banks, Nova
Scotia to the Norllnvest Territory, south to I'lorida.
.\scends to 3500 ft. in VirKinia. May-Aug.
4. Convolvulus arvensis L. Small
Bindweed. (Fig. 2954.)
Con:-i<!:-Hlus aiz'i'iisis I.. Sp. PI. 153. 1753.
Glabrous, or nearly so; stems trailing or decum-
bent, very slender, i°-2j2° long, simple or
branched. Leaves slender-petioled, ovate or ob-
long, entire, obtusish and nuicroiiulate or acutish
at the apex, sagittate or somewhat hastate at the
base, i'-2' long, the basal lobes spreading, acute;
peduncles 1-4-flowcrcd (commonly 2-flowered),
shorter than the leaves; i-3-bractcd at the summit,
usually with another bract on one of the pedicels;
sepals oblong, obtuse, lyi" long; corolla pink or
nearly white, 8"- 12" broad; calyx not bracted at
the base; stigmas linear.
In fields and waste places. Nova Scotia to Ontario,
south to New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Kansas. Nat-
uralized from Kurope. Native also of .\sia. May-
Sept. Old names. Hedge-bells, liearbind, Corn-Lily,
Wind, Bellbine, Corn-bind, Lap-love, Sheep-bine.
5. Convolvulus incanus Vahl. Hoary
Bindweed. (Fig. 2955.)
Cotiz'olz'Uhis incanus Valil, Symb. Hot. 3: 23. 1794.
Finely and densely canescent, pale, or some-
times greener; stems procumbent or trailing,
usually branched, i°-3° long. Leaves rather
short-petioled, lanceolate, ovate to linear in out-
line, usually with 2-4 divergent lobes at the
base, or the lower pair of lobes reflexed, other-
wise entire or irregularly dentate, obtuse and
mucronulate at the apex, I '-2' long; peduncles
i-2-flowercd, as long as or longer than the
leaves, minutely bracted at the summit; pedi-
cels 3"-6" long; sepals oblong, obtuse or mu-
cronulate, about 3" long; corolla white to rose-
color; stigmas narrowly linear; capsule globose,
about as long as the sepals.
In waste places near Lincoln, Neb. (according
to Webber). In dry soil. Kansas and .\rkansas to
Arizona, Mexico and Texas. Also in southern
South America. April-Aug.
^
Hoary
1794-
or some-
railing,
rather
in out-
at the
other-
Ltse and
(hniclcs
lan the
; pedi-
or mu-
to rosc-
lobosc,
cordintf
insas to
lutherti
Vol. hi.]
DODDER FAMILY.
27
Family 20. CUSCUTACEAE Dumort, Anal. Fain. 20. 1829.
D()I)Di:k I".\mii.y.
White or yellow slender parasites, dextrorsely twining, the leaves reduced to
minute alternate .scales. Calyx inferior, 5-lobed or 5-parted (rarely 4-lobed or
4-parted), or of 5 distinct sepals. Corolla campanulate, ovoid, nrceolate or
cvlindric, 5-lobed (rarely 4-lobed), the lobes imbricated in the bud, the tube
bearing as many fimbriate or crenulate .scales as there are lobes and alternate
with tliem, or these sometimes obsolete. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes
and alternate with them, in.serted in the throat or .sinuses above the .scales, .short-
exserted or included; filaments .short or slender; anthers .short, ovate or oval,
obtuse, 2-celled, the .sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary globo.se to oblong,
2-celled; ovules 2 in each cavity; styles 2, terminal, separate, or rarely united
below; stigmas linear or capitate. Capsule globo.se or ovoid, circum.scissile,
irregularly bursting or indehi.scent, 1-4-seeded. Seeds glabrous, globose or
angular; embryo linear, terete, curved or spiral, its apex bearing 1-4 minute
alternate scales, endosperm fleshy; cotyledons none.
I. CUSCUTA L. Sp. PI. 124. 1753.
Characters of the family. The filiform twining stems are parasitic on herbs and shrubs
by numerous minute suckers. The seeds germinate in the soil and the plantlet attaches it-
self to its host, its root and lower portion soon perishing. The subsequent nutrition of the
parasite is apparently wholly through its suckers. Indications of a small amount of coloring
matter, possibly chloropliyll, have been observed in one species. [Name from the Arabic]
.\bout ii«) species, of wide K^oKraphic distribution, liesides the foUuwinif, some 15 others
occur in the soullicni and western parts of North .\inerica. Known as Dodder, or StraUKle-weed.
^ Corolla-scales crenulate ; stigmas slender; capsule circumscissile.
.Scales cicnulate al)Ove, not in.iirved. 1. C. K(>iliiiuin.
HcaKs crenulate all around, slrouifly incurved. 2. C l-.pilhymum.
vr -X- Corolla-scales fringed; stigmas capitate; capsule indehiscent.
Sepals united below into a (faniosepalous calyx.
Mowers very nearly sessile; corolla persistent at the base of the capside.
Comlla scales ovate, fringed all around; calyx-lobes obtuse. ,^. C. ar:ensis.
Corolla scales abortive, or of a few processes: calyx-lobes acutisli. 4. C. Polygonniiim,
riowers distinctly pedicelled; corolla enclosing or capping the capsule, or at length deciduous.
Tijis of the corolla lobes incurved or reflexed.
Scales ovate, fringed all around; capsule enclosed by the corolla. ,s. C. hidecora.
Scales abortive, or of a few slender processes; corolla capping the capsule.
6. ■ "
Corolla lobes s])reading or recurved.
Scales small, irregularly fringed; capsule depressed-globose.
Scales long, fringed mainly above; capsule pointed.
Corolla I ' ■" long; capsule globose, short-pointed.
I'Mowers 2"-,V' long; capsule oval, long-])ointed.
Sejjals separ.itc, subtended by similar br.icts,
I'lowers cyniose, pedicelled; scales short; bracts entire.
Flowers closely sessile in dense clusters; bracts serrulate,
liracts few, broad, appressed: styles as long as the ovary.
Hracts numerous, narrow, their tips recurved; styles longer than the ovary.
12. C. paiadoxa.
I. Cuscuta Epilinum Weihe. Flax
Dodder. (Fig. 2956.)
Cuscti/a I'/filiiuim Weilu. Arcliiv. .\potli. 8: 54, \'<2\.
Custii/a deiisijlura SoyerWilleni. Act. Soc. I.inn.
Paris, 4: 2S1. iSaft.
Stems very slender, yellow or red; flowers ses-
sile in dense clusters, yellowish white, about I'/i"
long. Calyx hemispheric, 5-lol)cd, the lobes
ovate, acute, as long as the corolla-tube; corolla
short, cylindtic, becoming urceolatc, ,s-lol)ed, the
lobes ovate, acutish, spreading, its scales .short,
erect, less thati one-half the length of the tube, a-
cleft or emarginate, crenulate above, the crenula-
tions not extending to the base; stigmas linear-fili-
form; capsule circumscissile, the withering corolla
borne on its summit.
On flax, Xova .Scotia to New Jersey and Pennsylva-
nia. Introduced from luirope. Native also of Asia.
]uly-Aug.
C. Coiyli.
C. Ccphalanthi.
C.
C.
Oroiiot'ti.
tos/iata.
C. cuspidal a.
C. compacla.
CUSCUTACEAE.
LVoi,. III.
2. Cuscuta Epithymum Murr. Thyme
Dodder. Lesser or Clover Dodder.
(Fig. 2957.)
Cttscula Ef>ilhymiim Murr. in I,. Syst. Ivd. 13, 140. 1774.
Cuscula Tri/olii Wah. I'liytol. i:.i67. iSjv
Stems filiform, red; flowers sessile in small
dense clusters, pinkish, about 1" long. Calyx
variable, 4-5-lobed, more than one-half the length
of the cylindric corolla-tube, the lobes acute ;
corolla 4-5-lobcd, the lobes erect, about one-half as
long as the tube, acute, its scales strongly incurved,
crenulatc nearly or cjuitc to the base; stigmas fili-
form; capsule circumscissile, capped by the wither-
ing corolla.
On clover, Ontario laccordiuK to Fowler); Alder
Lake, N. Y., on As/e>' lali ri/loiiis\ Sellursville. and
Susquehanna Co., I'a. Introduced from liurope, where
it occurs on tliynu-, clover and other low plants. July-
Scpt.
Field
3. Cuscuta arvensis Beyrich.
Dodder. (Fig. 2958.)
Cuscuta arvensis IJcyricli; Hook. 1*1. Hor. .\m.
2: 77. As synonym. iS,^4.
riant pale yellow; stems filiform, the
flowers nearly sessile in small clusters.
Caly.^ broad, 5-lobed, the lobes broad, obtuse;
corolla nearly campanulate, 5-lobed, the
lobes acute or acuminate, as long as the tube,
their tips rcflcxed, its scales large, ovate, as
long as or longer than the tube, densely
fringed all around with short irregular pro-
cesses; stamens not exserted; style shorter
than the ovary; stigmas capitate; capsule
depressed-globose, indehiscent, the wither-
ing corolla and usually the stamens per-
sistent at its base.
On various herbs and low slirubi^, Xew York
to Manitoba and the Norlhwist Territory, .south
to Florida, Texas, Mexico and California. .\lso
in South America. ]uly-Aug.
4. Cuscuta Polygonorum luigelni.
Smart- weed Dodder.
(Fig. 2959.)
.\m. Jourii. Sci.
Ciisciila Polvgonortim Jvnffilm.
43: .^42. pl./>. f. 2h-2<). |S|2.
C. clilormait^a ICuifelm.; .\. Cray, ^Fan. ,vsi>. 1^48.
riant orange-yellow ; stems slender but
rather coarse; flowers sessile or nearly so in
dense clusters. Calyx short, 4-5lobed, the
lobes ovate-oblong, acute or aculish; lobes
of the corolla 4 or 5, triangular-ovate, acute,
mostly as long as the tube, the scales usually
obsolete, wanting, or consisting of only 2 or 3
slender processes on each side of the attached
lower portion of the filament; filaments mostly
slender; styles shorter than the ovary; stigmas
capitate; capsule globose, the withering corolla
persistent at its base.
On Pol yi;o>ui III s a\\t\ other herbs, Minnesota to
Arkansas in the Mississippi Valley. Also in
rennsylvania and Delaware. Range probably
more extensive. July Sipt.
r
Vol.. III.]
DODDER FAMILY
5. Cuscuta indecdra Choisj-. Pretty
Dodder. (Fig. 2960.)
Cuscula iiidcci>ia Clioisy, Jltm. Soc. Cieti. 9:
2:S- /"'•..■■ /.•;. i"-M-
C. f^iihlini iina Scheclt', I.innaea. 21: 7511. 1S48.
Ciisntla ilcccra Clioisy; ICiiBclin. Trans. St.
I.ouis Acad, i: 501. iS,si>
Stems rather stout; flowers I 'j" lonj;,
pedicclled in loose cyiues, more or less
papillose. Calyx 5-lobe(l, the lobes ovale
to lanceolate, acute, mostly shorter than the
corolla-tulie; corolla campanulate, 5-lobed,
the lobes triangular, minutely crenulate,
spreading, nearly as long as the tube, their
tips inflexed; scales ovale, erect, irregularly
fringed with short processes all around; sta-
mens slightly exserted, or included; stigmas
capitate; capsule oblong, acute, enveloped
by the withering corolla.
On various herbs and low shrubs, Illinois to
Nebraska, south to I'Morida, Texas and Mexico,
in several forms. .Mso in tlic West Indies and
South .■Vinerica. Corolla white; Btijfmas often
yellow or purple. June Aur.
K^
6. Cuscuta Coryli Kngelin. Hazel
Dodder. (Fig. 2961.)
Cuscula Cotyli'En^QXm. Am. Journ. Sci. 43:337.
/. 7-1 1. 1842.
Cuscula inftcxa lingelm. Trans. St. I.ouis .Vcad.
1:502. 1859.
Stems coarse; flowers about \" long, pedi-
celled in loose, or rather dense cymes. Calyx
4-5-lobed, the lobes triangular or triangular-
lanceolate, acutisb, about as long as the
corolla-tube; corolla campanulate, 4-5-lobed,
the lobes minutely crenulate, nearly erect,
triangular, acute, about as long as the tube,
their tips inflexed; scales small, oval, obtuse,
often with only a few processes on each
side; stamens scarcely exserted; styles
shorter than the ovary; stigmas capitate;
capsule oblong, pointed, enveloped or at
length capped by the withering corolla.
On the hazels and other shrubs or tall herbs,
Connecticut to Virginia, west to Nebraska ami
Arkan.sas. July-Aug.
But-
7. Cuscuta Cephalanthi Kngeliu.
ton-bush Dodder. (Fig. 2962.)
Cuscula Ceftlialaiillii luiKclni. .\m. Journ. Sei. 43: 536.
pi. 6. f. 1-6. 1S42.
Cuscuta lenuijlora ICuKclin.; A. Cray, Man. 350. 1848.
riant yellow, stems rather coarse ; flowers about
\" long, short-pedicelled, clustered; calyx 5-lobed,
the lobes ovate, obtuse, shorter than the corolla-
tube; corolla cylindric-campanulate, its lobes ovate, N.-
obtuse and rounded, spreading, one-half the length \^
of the tube or less; scales about as long as the
lobes, fringed mainly toward the apex with ir-
regular processes; stamens included; styles slender,
about as long as the ovary, shorter than the ripe
capsule; stigmas capitate; capsule depressed-glo-
bose, xYi" in diameter, surrounded or cappetl by
the withering, at length deciduous corolla.
On shrubs and tall herbs, Pennsylvania to Minne-
sota and the Northwest Territory, south to Texas and
Arizona. July-Aug.
30
CUSCin'ACEAE.
[Vor,. III.
8. Cuscuta Grondvii Willd. Grono-
vius' Dodder. Love-vine. (Fig. 2963.)
C. Gionnzii Willd.: K. iS: S. Syst. 6: 205. isjo.
Ciisi Ilia ''iili;i:ai;a ICngelin. Am. Journ. Sci. 43:
3,;s. pi. 6' /. i.'-i'i. 18.(2.
Stems yellow to orange, slender, liigli-clinib-
ing; flowers usually short-pediccUed, num-
erous in dense cymes. Calyx not bractcd,
its lobes ovate, obtuse, shorter than
the corolla-tube; corolla cauipanulate, about
I /i" long, the lobes ovate, obtuse, rounded,
spreading, nearly as long as the tube, the
scales narrow, equalling or longer than the
tube, thickly fringed about the summit and
sparingly along the sides with long slender
processes; styles sleuder, not as long as the
ovary; stigmas capitate; capsule globose,
short-pointed or pointless, i%" m diameter,
enveloped or capped by the withering de-
ciduous corolla.
( )n herbs and low shrubs, Xova .Scotia to Man-
itoba, Florida and Texas. VariabK-. July~Aug.
9. Cuscuta rostrata Slmttlw. Beaked
Dodder, (Fig. 2964.)
Ciisiiilir ntshalii ShiittUv. ; UnRelni. liost. Journ.
Nat. Hist. 5; 225. 1S45.
Stems coarse, yellowish white; flowers
larger than in any of our other species,
loosely cymose, pcdicelled. CaU-x gamo-
sepalous, 5-lobcd, the lobes ovate-triangular,
shorter than the corolla-tube; corolla caui-
panulate, 2"-2," long, white, its lobes
broadly ovate, obtuse, about as long as the
calyx-lobes; scales narrow, sometimes spatu-
late, shorter than the tube, heavily fringed
at the summit and sparingly along the sides
with long slender processes; stamens in-
cluded; styles slender, about as long as the
flask-shaped ovary; stigmas capitate; cap-
sule oval, long-beaked.
On herbs and shrubs, Marj-land to South Car-
olina and Georgia in the AUeglianies. July-Sept.
10.
Cus-
Cuscuta cuspidata Kiigelin.
pidate Dodder. (Fig. 2965.)
Ciisciila ciispidala ICiigelin. Host. Journ. Nat. Hist.
5: 224. iSi5.
Plant yellowish; stems slender; flowers in
loose paniclcd cymes, about lyi" long. Calyx
of 5 distinct entire sepals, shorter than the
corolla-tube, with 2-4 similar bracts at its base
and often others on the pedicels; sepals orbicu-
lar to lanceolate, cuspidate, mucronate or acum-
inate; corolla nearly salverform, its lobes trian-
gular-lanceolate or oblong, acute or cuspidate,
spreading, about one-half the length of the tube;
scales narrow, usually less than one-half as long
as the tttbe, fringed all around with short irre-
gular processes; stamens not exserted; styles
very slender, longer than the ovary; stigmas
capitate; capsule bearing the withered corolla
on its summit.
On coarse herbs, Nebraska to Missouri and Texas.
July-Sept.
\0h. III.]
DODDER FAMILY.
9
Cus-
Hist.
trian-
Mdate,
I tube;
s long
t irre-
styles
iguias
lorolla
II. Cuscuta compdcta Jus.s. Compact
Dodder. (Fig. 2966.)
Cn.iciila compacia Juss. ; Clioisy, Mem. Soc. Gcii.
9:281. 1.4. f. 2. i8|i.
riant yellowish white, stems rather stout;
flowers about 2" long, closely sessile in dense
clusters. Calyx of 5 (rarely 4I ilistinct oval
crenulate obtuse sepals, subtended by ,^-5 sim-
ilar rhombic-orbicular apj)ressed serrulate
bracts; corolla salverforni, persistent, the tube
cylindric, its 5 (rarely 4 i lobes oblong or ovate,
obtuse, spreading, much shorter than the tube,
the scales narrow, one-half the length of the
tube, fringed with numerous long processes;
stamens included; styles slender, shorter than
or as long as the ovary; capsule oblong, envel-
oped or capped by the withering coiolla.
On shrubs, Ontario to southern Niw York and
Alabama, west to Kansas and Ttxas. July-Stpt.
12. Cuscuta paradoxa Raf. Glom-
erate Dodder. (Fig. 2967.)
Ciiscii la paradoxa Kaf. Ann. Nat. 13. 1S21).
Ciiscula ,i;lo)iiriala Clioisy, Mem. Sac. (Icn. 9:
iS). pi. 4. f. I. iS)i.
Lepidaiichc loiiipusilarum Rngclni. Am. Journ.
Sci. 43::vl-l- f-.t>K<> i!>42-
Plant yellowish white, stems slender; flow-
ers sessile, iJ2"long, exceedingly numerous
in dense confluent clusters covering portions
of the stem of the host-plant. Calyx of 5
distinct concave oblong obtuse scrnilate
sepals, subtended by .S-15 narrower serrulate
much imbricated bracts with recurved tips;
corolla tube oblong-cylindric, its lobes ob-
long-lanceolate or triangular-lanceolate, ob-
tuse, spreading or recurved, persistent; scales
co])iously fringed at the summit and sparingly
along the sides with numerous long pro-
cesses; styles 2-4 times as long as the ovary;
capsule capped by the withering corolla.
On tall liorhs, mainly Compositae, Ohio to
Minnusola, Missouri and Texas. July-Sept.
Family 21. POLEMONIACEAE DC. Fl. Franc. 3: 645. 1805.
PlILOX l''.\MII.N-.
Herbs, some species slightly woody, with alternate or opposite entire
lobed or dissected leaves. Flowers perfect, corymbose-capitate, cymose or
paniculate, regular, or nearly regular. Calyx inferior, tubular or campaiui-
late, 5-cleft, the lobes or teeth slightly imbricated. Corolla gamopetalous,
funnelform, saucer-shaped, campanulate or rotate, the limb 5-parted, the lobes
contorted. Stamens 5, inserted on the tube of the corolla and alternate with
its lobes; filaments slender or filiform; anthers ovate, oblong or linear, versa-
tile, 2-celled, the sacs longittidinally dehiscent. Ovary superior, mostly
3-celled; ovules 2-00 in each cavity, amphitropous; style simple, filiform;
stigmas 3, linear. Capsule mostly loculicidally 3-valved. Seeds various, some-
times winged, sometimes enveloped in mucilage and emitting spiral tubes when
wetted; endosperm present; embryo straight; cotyledons flat; radicle inferior.
About 10 genera and 2(X) species, most abundant in Western America, a few in temperate
l';uroi>e and Asia.
Ciilyx distended ami at length ruptured by the ripening capsule.
Corolla salverform; leaves opposite, entire. i. Phlox.
Corolla funnelform, tubular, salverform or campanulate; leaves alternate or opposite.
2. Cilia.
32
rOLKMONIACEAE.
[Vol.. III.
Calyx not distended nor ruptnrid l)y tlic cajjsulc; leaves altirnate.
Calyx-teeth lutbaceons, not spiniilost- tipped.
Stamens declined; leaves pinnate.
Stamens straiRlit and leaves entire in our species.
Caly.\ teeth spinulose lipped; leaves pitniatifid.
3. Poli'iiioiiium.
4. Collomia.
5. Naverielia.
I. PHLOX L. Sp. PI. 151. 17.53.
Perennial or rarely annual, erect or diffuse lierbs, with opposite entire leaves, or some of
the upper ones alternate, and larj;c blue purple red or white flowers, in terminal cymes or
cyniose panicles. Calyx tubular or tubular-campauulate, .s-ribbed, 5-cleft, the lobes acute or
acuminate, mostly scarious-inarj;ined and the sinuses commonly scarious. Corolla salver-
form, the tube narrow, the limb 5-lobed; lobes obovatc, orbicular or obcordate, spreading.
Stamens straight, short, unequally inserted on the corollatubc. Ovary oblong or ovoid, 3-
cclled; style usually slender; ovules 1-4 in each cavity. Capsule ovoid, 3-valved, at length
distending and rupturing the calyx-tube. Seeds ovoid, wingless or narrowly winged, not
emitting spiral threads when wetted, [(^rcek, flame.]
About \i) species, natives of North America and Kussian Asia. Besides the followius some
14 others occur in the southern and western [laits of North America.
Leaves flat, ovate, oblontf, lanceolate or linear.
Cymes panicled; flowers short pedicelUd or sessile.
Calyx teeth subulate; leaves oblong, oblonjflanceolate or ovate-lanceolate.
Calyx-teeth lanceolate, acute; leaves lanceolate or ovate, acuminate.
Cymes corymbose, simple, or flowers scattered.
I'l'iwering; stems erect or ascending, simple.
Plants glabrous or nearly so.
Leaves ovate or oblong; calyx-teeth acute.
Leaves lanceolate or linear; caly.x teeth subulate-lanceolate.
Plants pubescent, hirsute or villous.
Stems erect or ascending; no prostrate sterile shoots.
Leaves linear or lanceolate, acuminate, spreading.
Leaves linear-oblong, acute or obtuse, nearly erect.
Stems ascending or reclining; sterile slioots prostrate.
Lower leaves and those of tlie steriU' slioots oblong or ovate.
Lower leaves and those of the sterile shoots obovate.
Stems diffusely branched, usually creeping; leaves narrow.
Corolla-lobes cleft to or about the middle.
Corolla lobes cleft only at the apex.
Corolla-lobes rounded; western.
Leaves subul.ate, fascicled or crowded; jilants low.
Stems creeping or a.scending; flowers cyniose; eastern.
Densely tufted; flowers mostly solitary; western.
j_ Leaves densely white-woolly, i" long; plant moss-like.
Leaves less woolly or merely ciliate, 2"-6" long.
Corolla-tube shorter than or eciualliiig the calyx.
Corolla-tube longer than the calyx
P. paiiiculala.
P. maciilala.
P. Kvala.
P. glaberrima.
P. f>ilOMl.
P. amnena.
P. diiaricata.
P. rcfitans.
P. bifida.
P. SI ell aria.
P. Kelseyi.
P. subiilala.
P. biyoides.
P. Iloodii.
P. Doiiglasii.
I. Phlox paniculata \^. Garden
Phlox. (Fig. 2968.)
Phlox pauiculala L. Sp. PI. LSI. I7,s.v
Stem erect, stout or slender, simple or
branched above, glabrous or ptiberulent, 2°-
6° high. Leaves thin, sessile or short-petioled,
oblong, oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
acute or acuminate at the apex, narrowed at
the base, or the uppe inost subcordate, I'-b'
long, }i'-i;i' wide; flowers short-pedicelled
in compact paniculate cymules, the inflores-
cence often 12' long; calyx-teeth subulate,
glabrous, puberulent or glandular, more than
one-half as long as the tube; corolla pink,
purple or white, its lobes broadly obovate,
rounded, entire, shorter than its tube; capsule
oval, obtuse, slightly longer than the ruptured
calyx-tube.
In woods and thickets, Pennsylvania to Florida,
west to Illinois and Louisiana. Freely escaped
from gardens in the north and east. July-Sept.
Voh. III.]
PHLOX FAMILY
^ 2. Phlox maculata L. Wild Sweet-
William. (Fig. 2969. )
Plilox maculala I,. Sp. I'l. i^J. 1753.
Phlox suazeolois Wx.. llort. Kew. i: 2t/). 1789.
Stem sleti'l-r, erect, simple, or brancheil
al)Ovc, glabrous or puljcrulent, usually flecked
with purple, i.'.'°-3° liisli. Leaves lanceo-
late or the upper ovate-lanceolate, glabrous,
rather firm, long-acuminate, sessile, rounded
or subcordate at the base, 2'-5' long, wiilest
just above the base, the lowest sometimes
linear-lanceolate; (lowers short-pedicelled, the
compact cymules forming an elongated nar-
row thyrsoid panicle; calyx-teeth triangular-
lanceolate, acute, or acuminate, about one-
fourth the length of the tube; corolla pink or
purple, rarely white, its lobes rounded, shorter
than the tube; capsule similar to that of the
preceding species.
In nidist woods and alonfr stnanis, New Jersey
t(j I'Murida. west to Minnesota and Tennessee.
Occasionally escaped frmn gardens lurther north.
/'. iiiaciiltila var. iuinlicdi Miclix. (P. sii<i:r'<i/fi/s
Ait. ) is a form with wliite flowers and unspotted
stem, occurring with the type. Jiine-Aun.
3. Phlox ovata L,. Mountain Phlox.
(Fig. 2970.)
P/ilo.r (K'a/a L. Sp. PI. 152. 175,;.
Phlox Carolina t,. Sp. I'l. Kd. 2, 216. 1762.
Glabrous or nearlj' so throughout; stems sim-
ple, slender, ascending from a decumbent base,
i°-2° high. Leaves rather firm, the upper
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, sessile by a rounded
or subcordate base, acute at the apex, i'-2'
long, the lower and basal ones longer, oblong
or ovate-oblong, acute at both ends, narrowed
into slender often margined petioles; flowers
short-pedicelled in corymbed or sometimes sim-
ple cymes; calyx-teeth lanceolate or triangular-
lanceolate, acute, or acuminate, one-third to
one-half the length of the tube; corolla pink or
red, its lobes obovate, rounded, entire.
In woods. Pennsylvania to North Carolina and
Alabama, mostly in tlie mountains. May-Aug.
'lorida,
scaped
■Sept.
4. Phlox glaberrima L. Smooth Phlox.
(Fig. 2971.)
Phlox glaberrima L. Sp. PI. 152. 1753.
Glabrous or nearly so throughout; stem simple,
slender, erect or ascending, i°-2° high. Leaves
lanceolate or linear, rather firm, mostly i-nerved,
acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base, i]4'-A'
long, 2"-()" wide, sessile, or the lowest linear or ob-
long, obtusish, shorter, and short-petioled ; flowers
short-pedicelled, the cymules corymbetl; calyx-
teeth subulate-lanceolate, one-third to one-half the
length of the tube ; corolla commonly pink, its
lobes obovate, rounded, or obcordate, longer than
the tube.
_ In open woods and on prairies, Virginia to Wiscon-
sin, south to Florida and Kentucky. Ascends to 2200
ft. in Virginia. IJroad-lcaved southern forms approach
the preceding species. May-July.
34
POLEMONIACEAK.
[Vol,. III.
5. Phlox pildsa L. Downy Phlox.
(Fig. 2972.)
J'lilov piliisa I,. Sp. PI. 153. \-^i,.
Soft downy or liiiiry, often ulaiululnr; stem
erect or asceiidiiig, simple or branched, slen-
der, i°-2° high. Leaves linear or lanceolate,
spreading or divaricate, loiig-acuniinate, i'-t,'
long, i|^"-4" wide, sessile, the hase nar-
rowed or rounded; cynuiles corynihed; flow-
ers short-pedieelled; calyx glandular, viscid,
its teeth setaceous-subulate, longer than the
tube; corolla pink, purple, or white, its lobes
obovate, entire, the tube usually pubescent;
capsule shorter than the calyx.
In dry soil, Ontario to Manitoba, New Jersey,
Florida, Akansas and Texas, April-Junt.
6, Phlox amoena Sims. Hairy Phlox.
(Fig. 2973.)
/"///D.r awor^a Sims, Hot. Jlag. pl.i;a<. iSki.
Usually quite hairy; steins simple, slender, as-
cending, 6'-iS' high. Leaves linear-oblong, sessile,
acute or obtuse at the apex, luostly narrowed at the
base, nearly erect, Yi'-iyi' long, i/<'''-2;^" wide,
the lowest much shorter; flowers very nearly sessile
in a dense terminal simple or somewhat compound
cyme, which is subtended by the uppermost pair of
leaves; calyx hirsute, its teeth subulate, as long as
or shorter than the tube; corolla pink or white, its
lobes obovate, entire or rarely emarginatc, shorter
than the glabrous tube.
In dry soil, Virsrinia to Tennessee, Florida and
Georgia. April-June.
7. Phlox divaricata 1,. Wild Blue
Phlox. (Fig. 2974.)
Phlox divaricata h. Sp. PI. 152. 1753.
Finely viscid-pubescent; stems ascending or
diffuse, slender, producing creeping or ascend-
ing leafy shoots from the base. Leaves of the
sterile shoots oblong or ovate, obtuse, i'-2''
long, Uiose of the flowering stems lanceolate,
ovate-lanceolate, or oblong, mostly acute or
acutish; flowers pedicelled in open corymbed
cymules, faintly fragrant; calyx-teeth subu-
late, longer than the tube; corolla bluish, its
lobes obcordate, emarginate or ent'»-e, not
very much longer than the tube ; capsule
oblong-globose, about 2" high.
In moist woods, Ontario to Minnesota, south to
Pennsylvania, Florida, Louisiana and Arkansas.
Ascends to 3700 ft. in Virginia. Sometimes called
Wild Sweet William. April-June.
Vol.. III.]
ritl.OX FAMILY
8. Phlox reptans Michx. Crawling
Phlox. (Fig. 2975.)
riilox ), plans Michx. Fl. lien, Am. 1: i |i
i8<)V
Hirsute or pubescent; stems slender, dilTuse,
producing sterile creeping' leafy shoots from
the base. Leaves of tlie sterile shoots obovate,
obtuse at tlie ape.\, i'-^' lon^, narrowed at the
base into petioles; (lowering stems 4'-S' hiKh,
their leaves oblong or lanceolate, acute or ob-
tuse, smaller; flowers in a simple or barely com-
pound cyme, slender-pedicelled; calyx-teeth
linear-subulate, as long as the tube or longer;
corolla pink, purple, or violet, its lobes rounded,
mostly entire, about one-half the length of the
tube; capsule subglobose, I'/t" high.
Ill woods, Pciinsvlvania to Georgia and Ken
lucky, mainly in tlu- mountains. Ascends to iskj
ft. in Virginia. April June.
9. Phlox bifida Beck.
Cleft Phlox. (Fig. 2976.)
/'. hi/ulu licck, .Am. Jnurn. ,Sci. II: 170. \^2(i.
I'uberulent or pubescent; stems diffuse,
somewhat woody, much branched, slender,
often 1° long, the branches erect or asceiid-
i"J?. \'-'^' liigh. Leaves of sterile shoots
linear, sessile, I'-j' long, i"-2" wide,
acute, those of flowering branches linear-
oblong or lanceolate, much shorter; flowers
in simple cymes or solitary in the axils,
-slender-pedicelled; pedicels 3"-i2" long;
caly.\-tceth lanceolate-subulate, somewhat
longer than the tube; corolla pale purple,
its lobes shorter than the tube, cuueate, 2-3-
cleft to about the middle into linear or
oblong obtuse diverging segments; capsule
oblong-globose, i"-i;^" high.
Ill dry places, Indiana to Teniussee and
Michigan. .\pril-Juiie.
10. Phlox Stellaria A. Gray.
Chickweed Phlox. (Fig. 2977.)
P/ilox Slellaria \. Grav, I'roc. .\m. .Vcad. 8; ai"
1S70.
Glabrous or puberulent; stems difl"usc,
somewhat woody, much branched, the
branches nearly erect, 3'-S' high. Leaves
all linear, or linear-lanceolate, sessile, acute,
i'-2'long, i^-i^^'^wide; flowers in simple
cymes or solitary in the axils, slender-pedi-
celled; calyx-teeth subulate-lanceolate, short-
er than the tube; corolla pale blue or nearly
white, its lobes cuneate, alobed at the apex,
nearly as long as the tube.
On cliffs, southern Illinois and Kentucky.
April-May.
36
i'()ij;m(»niaci;.\k.
[Vor,. III.
II. Phlox Kelseyi Hritton.
Kdsey's rhlox. (Pi),'. 2978.)
l'hU>v Kihi'vi liiitlon, lliiU. Torr. Club, 19: 32S.
Miiny-stcimiic'il from a woody root, the
stems sijreadinf;, crci'i)iiiK. or nscelidiii},',
soiiictiiiR's S' loiif{, j;lal)rous, or sli^;litly pu-
liescent above, very lealy. Leaves obUmj;,
or litiear-oldonK, sessile, glabrous, or nearly
so, .^"-i2"lonK, i"-2"\vi(le, or the upper
longer and narrower, thick, ri^id, the apex
spinosc-nuicronate, the revolute margins cil-
iate; llowcrs sessile, or short-pedinulcd; pc-
dunelcs ami ealyx somewhat ulandnlar-
])ubescent, or ulabrons; calyx-teeth subulate,
as lonn ;is the tube, or longer; roroUa-tube
somewhat exi-eedinj; the calyx, the lind)
about S" broad, blue or lilac, the obovate-
cuneate lobes rounded or truncate.
North Dakota to Nebraska and Montana.
May Juni'.
12. Phlox subulata L. Ground or
Moss Pink. (Fig. 297<).)
riilo.r suhulala I,. Sp. I'l. I,s2. \'^,V
I'ubescent or becoininj.; glabrate, everj^rcen;
stems tufted, forininjj mats, diffuse, much
branched, the branches 2'-6' lonj;. Leaves
subulate-linear, linear-lanceolate or linear-ob-
long, acute or acuminate, .("-lo"lonj;, ,'."-l"
wide, spreading, ciliatc, rigid, commonly fasci-
cled at the nodes; flowers in simiilc cymes,
slcnder-pedicclled; calyx-teeth subulate from
a broader bijse, about as long as the tube;
corolla pink, purple or white, its lobes obcor-
date or entire, shorter than the tube; capsule
oblong, nearly 2" high.
In dry sandy or rocky soil, snutheni New Vurk
to IMorida, west to MicliiRan ,iiul Kiiituoky.
Ascends to 35e«j ft. in Wist Viininia. .Vpril-June.
Phlox bryoides Nutt.
(Fig. 2980.)
Plilov biyoides Nutt. Journ. .^cad. I'hila. (II.) i; 153.
1S4S.
Depressed, shrubby, moss-like, densely branched
from a deep woody root, forming compact tufts
2'-./ high. Leaves minute (about 1" long),
closely imbricated in 4 ranks, copiously white-
woolly, triangular-lanceolate, pale, acute, the mar-
gins iLfolded; flowers solitary and sessile at the
ends of the branches, about i'/z'' long; tube of the
corolla longer than the calyx, its lobes broadly
cuneate, entire.
On dry hills, western Nebraska and Wyomingf.
May-July.
Vol,. Ill
I'HI.oN FAMILY.
37
14.
/>/•
Phlox Hoddii Richards. Iluod'.s
Phlox. (FiK. 2ijSi.)
J'lil.n- Ifihulii Kiclianls. App. l''niiik. Journ. 7,1.1.
.-.V. l8j.(.
iJeiisfly turti'il mid branched from a woody root,
2'-.\' liinli. I.fiivcs iiiihriciited, erect, rijjid, subu-
late, imicroiiiitp, somewhat woolly or ciliatc, he-
coiiii:i>{ ubihrate, 2" '>" loiij.;; (lowers solitary and
sessile at the cuds of tlie liraiiclies, al)o\il 5" loiiff;
calyx teeth lanceolate, ncnniinalc, ri^^id, lonj;er
than the tube; tube of the corolla shorter than or
C(|uallinj; the calyx, its lobes obovatc, entire.
Ill dry satiily nr mckysdil, Manitobi to the Nortli-
wi st 'IVriJlorv, sdutli In western Nelii isUa and Wyo-
iiiitiK. >tay July.
15. Phlox Douglasii Hook. Dotiglas' • O;. L^^-<J> VV';^ ' ' /Xj^^^
Phlox. (Pig. 2yS2.) "^^^4 V''/.4?^ >#' CJ^
/■/,/,. r n.wgUisii Hook. n. nor. .\ni. 2: 7.,. pi. n.s\ .^JiV W/ !^^^ I ■• Vv' ^
Sii Inr to the precediii); species; leaves pu- y^ '^W^'^'^f^
bet.ce;,. or Klabrous, less imbricated, sometimes Vu k^i: T-^.
spreading, ri^id, usually fascicled at the nodes, ^Vll !_ V '' ■^'"''<l/'/'
4"-7'' loufj. Mowers solitary and sessile or y\\lj'- •^,. V -''■''/'
sliort-pedicelle<l at the ends of the branches, ^^> ,
5"-
acu
calyx, its lobes obovate, entire. ""'^^^^'H'll ' 3 f\}\
Pry soil. N. braska and Mdiitaiia to ftali, Call- ~~~vl ** ll''l
fornia and lititisli Cciliiiiibia. May July. " \/
Phlox Douglasii andicola I'.rittou. Mtiu. Torr. Club, 5: ;('«). i*9(.
r/i/ov Doii/rlasii li>iii;il'oliii .\. Cray, riuc. .\iu. .\cad. 8: j.^t. 1-^7.1. NdI /'. loiif;iJ\>!i\i Null.
Leaves louner, S"- 1 j" loiijt, less fascicled at tlie iiodis. KaiiKc of the type.
preadinj,', n^id, usually fascicled at the nodes, ^ ,yl\ '_ i^l ., ^^'u/P^-^' ',/ /'~\
"-7'' loufj. Mowers solitary and sessile or yVllj- •^, ■ V -''■'!// \\- iJ^\ )
hort-pedicelled at the ends of the branches, %^. . ^//r?^l/''''^V\ // /l^^
"-S'' long; calyx-teeth narrowly lanceolate, v^(\(i, ^%il 1^^ yj!'^~^^'^-:i^\\
cuininate, about etiuallinj; the tulie; tube of "i-JVVA'.x'f/ ')^j i^^—"^ i/'j\
he purple or white corolla longer than the ■v-^ 'ViK'''llJ**^?! , ^ ^^(M
2. GILIA R. cS: P. Prodr. Fl. Per. 25. />/. /. 1794.
Herbs with opposite or alternate, entire pinnatifid paltnatilid or dissected leaves. Flow-
ers small or large, solitary, cyniose, capitate, thyrsoid, or paniculate. Calyx campanulate
or tubular, 5. toothed or 5-cleft, the sinuses usually scarious. Corolla funnelfortn, tubular,
campanulate or rarely salverform, ,s-lobed, the lobes ovate, oblong, or obovatc. Stamens
equally or une(inally inserteil on the corolla, included or exscrted. Ovary oblong or ovoid,
.^-celled; ovules solitary or several in each cavity. Capsule ovoid or oblong, 3-cclled, at
length distending and rnpturinn the calyx. Seed-coat commonly mucilaginous when
wetted, in .some species emitting spiral thread-like tubes. [Named for Philip Gil, a Span-
ish botanist.]
.\bout 7,s species, natives of .Viuerioa. llesides tile followiiiK, some .(S otliers occur in the
soutliern and western parts of Nortli .\nierica.
Leaves entire.
Flowers paniculate, I. (7. f^iaiilis.
Flowers narrowly tlivrsoid spicate, 6. (A spicahi.
Leaves piimately divided, pinnatilid or palinatifid.
Leaves palmatifid into 5-7 rinid subulate segments.
Leaves pinnatifid or pinuately di\ ided, tile segments linear, not rigid.
Flowers tliyrscjid i)aniculatc or corymbose paniculate.
Corolla i'-2' long; plants 1-4 tall.
Flowers paniculate, white.
I'lowers narrowly thrysoid, red.
Corolla .,"-5" louR. violet or blue.
Flowers nariowly thyrsoid spicate.
Flowers in dense or capitate cymes, or heads.
F'lower clusters leafy-bracted.
Pereniual; corollatuhe not longer than the calyx. 7. G. connesla.
Annual; corolla-tube 2-^ times as Iouk as the calyx. 8. G. pmiiila.
Clusters bractless; condla campanulate. 9. (/. tricolor.
2. G. piingens.
T,. G. longiflora.
'.(. G. aff/ri-ffra/a.
5. G. pinnalifida.
6. G. spicala.
3S
rOLEMONIACEAR.
[Vol. III.
I. Gilia gracilis Hook, luitire-leaved
Oilia. (Fig. 2983.)
Cilui i^iiiiilis Jlook. Hot. JliiK. />/■ -''/-■/• i?3')-
0'//i'»iici i^itui/i.': Dounl. ill Hciitli. Hot. Kt'H- /"A /'>-'-".
.\iinual, pubescent, at Ictijith coryiiil)oselj' inucli
braiiclieil, 2'-6' liinh, the branches ascetulinj;.
Lower and basal leaves oblonj,' to spatulate, obtuse,
coniinonly opposite and nearly sessile, the upper
linear or lanceolate, sessile, ,'2'-'' lonK. i "-2" wide,
opposite or alternate, entire; cymes l-,s-ll"wered;
calyx-lobes linear-subulate, usually longer than the
tube; corolla 4"-6" long, the tube yellowish, nar-
row, etjuallinj; or slifjhtly Ioniser than the calyx, the
lobes purple or violet, short; t)vules 2-3 in each cav-
ity; cajjsule oblon^i;, obtuse, as lon>? as or lon^jer
than the calyx-tube; seeds niueilni;inous when wet.
In <lry nr moist soil, wisterr Nebraska, Colorado
and New Mexico to Ilritish Columbia and California.
April AiiR.
2. Gilia pungens (Torr.) Beiith. Sharp-
leaved Gilia. y^ig. 2984.)
Caiiliia />ii /1 1; I- IIS Torr. Aim. I.yc. X, Y. 2: y'l. iSj6.
i,i/ia f'linj^cii.s lUiitli. in DC. i'rodr. p: ,11(1. iS4,s.
Shrubby, rij;id, puberulent, Kl^ibrate, or somewhat
viscid, usually much branched, .('--S' hij^h. Leaves
alternate, or the lower opposite, sessile, 3"-6" lonjj,
paluialely divided into 3-7 subulate riyid awl-shaped
segments, often with smaller ones fascicled in their
.ixils, sometimes densely imbricated; flowers solitiry,
or 2-3 together, sessile at the ends of the branches,
8"-l2" long; calyx-lobes subulate, as long as the tube,
or shorter; corolla pink, or white, funnclforin, the tube
longer than the calyx, the limb ^s-lobed; ov\des S-10 in
,cach cell; seeds not mucilaginous when wetted.
In dry rooky soil, .\tizona to Colorado. \\ yoininjr, Cali
fornia and Ilritish Cohimbia. [Not lU rmitily known from
within our ana.] I'lant franraiit in drying. Jlay July.
GiUa pungens cacspitosa ( Niitl. 1 .\. C,r.\\. I'voc.
I.eploiiailylo)! ,\i,:-:f>i/:'siiiii Nult. Jourii. I'liil .Xcad. 1 II. 1 i:
I,ow, ilenscly tufted, 2' ,;' lii^;li; leaves much inilirii
Nebraska i Nuttal', Kyilberg 1. I'robably a ilisliiut species.
.■\m. .\cad. H: jo-*. i--;. 1.
i.sr- I'*!'*.
atcd; llowers snialU r. .Scott's liluH-
Gilia longiflora (Ton.) Don
White-llowered Oilia. (Kig. 29S5.)
Ciinliia /one: I //ill ij Torr. .Ann. I.yc. 2; .'21. 1817.
(^i/i(i /i>iii;i//oiii Don, liard. Diet. 4: .'(s. iS.iS.
Ci'l/oniiii /oiigiJ/iDu A. I'.r.iy, I'roe. .\ni. Acad. 8: 261.
1.S70.
Annual, glabrous, paniculately branched, i"-!"
high. Leaves all alternate, sessile, i'-2'j' long,
pinnately <livided into linear-hliforni segments or
the uppermost entire; flowers numerous, white,
paniculate, about j' Imig; calyx-teeth triangular-
lanceolate, ac\iininate, shorter than the tube; corolla
salvcrforin, its tube narrow, 4 or ,s times as long as
the orbicular or ovate, rounded or pointed, spread-
ing lobes; stamens unciinally inserted; ovi.les .S-12
in each cell; cajisule narrowly oblong, exceeding or
e<|ualling the calyx; seed-coat nincilaginous and
emitting spiral threads when wetted.
In dry ^oil, Nebraska and Colorailo to Texas and
Arizona. May Sept.
Gilia coronopifolia IVrs., a related species with less
spreadinvr corolla lobes, is coUHnotdy cultivated, and
rarely escapes from ifardetis.
Voi,. III.] PMI.OX FAMILY.
4. Gilia aggregata (Piirsh) vSpreng. Scarlet Gilia.
Caiihia (ii;\i;>fi^ij/a I'lirsli, I'l. Am. Sept. 1 17. iSi |.
Gilia I?.!,',!,'":'.''"'" SpieiiK. Syst. 1: 62(1. i,^2,s.
Itientiinl, piihesi-enl or piiberuleiif; stem sim-
ple or sparinj^ly branched, 2"-.i" liiuli, leafy at
least below. Leaves alternate, the basal often
tufted, mostly petioled, I '-3' loiij,', pinnately
parted into narrowly linear segments; inflores-
cence narrowly tliyrsoid-paniculate, often ij'
lonj,'* flowers sessile or very nearly so in small
pe('.unclcd clusters, .scarlet or red; corolla tubu-
la.'-funnelform, the tube I'-i'j' long, slightly
thicker upward, the limb cleft into ovate or
lanceolate acute or acinuinate spreading or re-
curved lobes; stamens unequally or about ccjually
inserted in the throat; ovules numerous; sceils
mucilaginous and emitting spiral threads when
wetted.
In dry soil, westirn Nebraska (according to
Ciiultiri to Tixas and Mcxiin, wisl to llritish
Cohnnbia and Califoiiiia. June .\u^;.
39
(Fig. 2986.)
5. Gilia pinnatiBda Xutt.
Small- flowered Gilia. (Fig. 2987.)
(7i/t(i pinnaliiida Nutt. ; A. drav, I'roc. Am. Acad.
8: :?;(). i.S;!).
Hieiinial or perennial from a deep root, much
branched, viscidglaiidular, b'-i" high. Leaves
thick, piiinalifid, the 1)asal tufted, l'-;,' long,
the segments linear-oblong, sometimes toothed,
obtuse oracutish, 2"-6" long, those of the stem
alternate, simiUer, the uppermost minute and
entire; flowers very numerous, small, ])anicu-
late, some se.ssile, some jietioled; calyx ,s-lobed,
the lobes lanceolate to ovate; corolla salverforni,
,i"-5'' long, the limb violet or blue, its white
tube longer than the calyx and its obovate lobes ;
stamens cxserted; .seeds not mucilaginous nor
einitling spiral threads when wetted.
In sandy soil, western Nebraska and Wyoniing
to New Mexico. I'erhaps inehides two species.
Has been mistaken for (.". iinoiispiiiia. Juue-.Viig;.
6. Gilia spicata Xutt. Spicate Gilia.
(Fig. 29S8.)
<;ili,i spiaila Nutt. Jouin. Aead. Nat. ,Sci. I'liila. (II.) I:
I5'i. lS.|.S.
rerennial, wooUy-tomentose; stems erect, rather
stout, simple, solitary, or 2-.} from the woody root,
6'-i,S' high. Leaves alternate, narrowly linear, entire,
or pinnately parted into 35 linear segments, i'-2'
long; flowers in an elongated narrow spicate thyrsus,
sessile in small clusters, purplish, .j"-6" long; tube
of the corolla somewhat exceeding the calyx, consider-
ably longer than the ovate-oblong lobes; calyx-lobes
acuminate; anthers c(iually inserted in the throat.
In dry soil, western Nebraska to WvoiniiiK and flab.
May-Aug.
40
rOLEMONIACEAE.
[Vol.. III.
7. Gilia cong^sta Hook. Round-
headed Gilia. (Fig. 2989.)
l7;lia totigcsia Hook. I'l. Bor. \m. 2: 75. 1S34.
Gilia iberidifolia liLiith. in Iluok. Ktw, jourii.
]!ol. 3: 2<>i. 1.S51.
Perennial by a deep root, woolly-touientose,
at least when youiifj, branched from the base or
also above, ^'-iS' high. Leaves mostly petioled,
)'2'-2' long, pinnately divided into 3-9 narrowly
linear sharp-pointed segments, or the up))crmost
entire; flowers white, densely capitate-clustered,
1"-}," long, the clusters bracted by the upper
leaves, 12'-!'' broad, sometimes corymbed; calyx-
lobes awn-like; corolla-tube about the length of
the calyx, slightly longer than the oval lobes;
filaments efjually inserted in or below the sinuses
of the corolla; ovules 1-4 in each cavity.
In dry soil, Nebraska and Colorado to California,
north to Montan.i and <)rc^;"n. May-.-\ujr.
^^^^^^
8. Gilia pumila Xutt. Low Gilia.
(Fig. 2990.)
Cilia fumila Nutt. Journ. Acad. Xat. Sci. I'liila.
(II.J 1:156. 1848.
Annual, branched from the base and some-
times also above, woolly at lea.st when young,
3'-S' high. Leaves alternate, tliick, ]'i'-\'
long, pinnately divided into linear mucronidaie
sometimes lobed segments, or the uppermost
entire; flowers in dense or at length looser sim-
ple or compound cymes, sessile; corolla y,"~\"
long, its tube about 3 times the length of the
lobes and twice as long as the calyx; calyx-
lobes awn-like; stamens inserted in or below
the sinuses of the corolla, somewhat exserted;
ovules 5 or 6 in each cavity.
In dry soil, western Nebraska to Texas, west to
Nevada and New SKxico. Aiiril -June.
9. Gilia tricolor Benth. Tricolored Gilia.
(Fig. 2991.)
Ciliii tricolor lienDi. Hot. Ketf. />/. /^.v. 1S33.
Annual, viscid-puberulent, at least above;
steins slender, commonly braiiclied, 6'-2° high.
Leaves alternate, slender-petioled, or the upper
sessile, 2-3-pinnately divided into narrowly linear
acute segments; lowest leaves sometimes t' !:>ng;
flowers short-pedicelled, 5"-7" long, in terniin,.!
pedunclcd simple cymes; calyx-lobes triangular-
lanceolate, acute or acuminate, often purple-mar-
gined; corolla campanulate-funnelform, 2-3 times
as long as the calyx, its tube yellowish, short, the
throat brown-purple, the oval to orbicular lobes lilac
or violet; stamens equally inserted at the sinuses;
ovules several in the cavities; seeds mucilaginous
and emitting spiral threads when wetted.
liscaped from icardens to roadsides at Lincoln, Neb.
(according to Webber I. Native of California. April-
May.
Vol. III.]
PHLOX FAMILY.
3. POLEMONIUM L. Sp. PI. 162. 1753.
Perennial or rarely annual herbs, with alternate pinnate membranous leaves, and mostly
large cymose-paniculate or thyrsoiil flowers. Calyx herbaceous, not angled nor ribbed,
campanulate, 5-cleft to about the middle, accrescent in fruit, the segments lanceolate or
ovate, entire, erect or connivcut over the capsule. Corolla tubular-canipanulatc or tubular-
fniiiielforni, rarely rotate, l)lue, white, or yellow, the limb 5-lobed. Stamens about equally
inserted near the base of the corolla, declined, the filaments slender, often j>ilose at the
base. Ovary ovoid; ovules few or several in each cavity. Capsule ovoid, obtuse, 3 valved.
Seeds wingless, or narrowly winged, mucilaginous and emitting spiral threads when wetted.
About 15 sptiies. nalivi's of the cookr piirts of the north ttinper.ite z(jne. Iksidcs the I'ollow-
inR, siiiiK- 1(1 others occur ill tlic western pints of Xortli .imirica.
.Vnthcrs (.■xsertid: flowers s"-i(i" broad; slrni rrect. i, P. I'an fli i/ii/iue.
.Viithers iiichuk'U; flowers 5" -6" broad; stiiii ricliiiing. 3. /'. rcplans.
I. Polemonium Van Bruntiae Britton.
American Jacob's Ladder. (l'*ig. 2992.)
Polfiiioiiium ineiuUum \.. Gray, Man. ICd. (, -App.
1^0,;. Not I.. I7,s,i.
Poliiiii'niiim I 'nil III itiiliae liritton, Hull. Torr. Club,
19: 224. pi. /J/. 1892.
Rootstock stout, horizontal, clothed witli fibrous
roots. Stems erect, glal)rous below, somewhat
glandular-pubescent above, i,'j°-2>2° hi^h, leafy
to the top; leaflets of the lower leaves 15-19,
short-stalked or sessile, ovate or lanceolate, acute,
yi'-iyi' long, those of the upper fewer, the upper-
most leaves 3-5- foliolate or simple; cymose clus-
ters paniclcd or solitary, rather loosely j-s-flow-
ered; pedicels 2"-4"long; flowers bluish-purple,
S"-lo" broad; corolla-lobes rouniled; calyx ,s-
lobed to about the middle, much enlarged in fruit,
the lobes acute; stamens exserted; ovules 3 or 4
in each cavity.
.^^/\-,
^'^r
1
■mmm.
In swamps and alonp streams, Vfrniont .uid tiorth-
urii N'l'W York to Maryland. DilTtrs from the ( ild
World /'. ton II /fit III I., in its stout rootstocks, more
leafy stem, exserted stamens, and roimdcd corolla-
lobes. May July.
2. Polemonium reptans L. Greek
Valerian. (Fig. 2993.)
Po/iiiioiiiiiiii itptaiis I,. Syst. Kd. 10, no. i. I7,=i<).
Glabrous or very nearly so throughout, usually
not more than 1° high; stems weak, slender, at
length reclining or diffuse, the rootstock short.
Leaflets oblong, ovate-oblong, or lanceolate-ob-
long, y2' -lYi' long, the uppertnost leaves 3-5-foli.
olate or simple; flowers blue, 5"-.S''' broad; calyx
5-loljcd, its lobes obtu.se or acute; stamens not
exserted; ovules 3 or 4 in each cavity.
In woods. New York to Minnesota, south to Georgia
and Missouri, .\scends to 22ih) ft. in Virginia. .April-
May.
4. COLLOMIA Xntt. Gen. i: 126. 1818.
Annual or rarely perennial herbs, with alternate mostly entire leaves, and purple white
or reddish capitate or cymose flowers. Calyx obpyraniidal or cup-shaped, 5-cleft, scarious in
the sinuses, accrescent in fruit, not distended by nor ruptured by the ripening capsule, its
42
rOLEMONIACEAE.
[Vot. III.
lolx;s lanceolate or triaiiRuliir, entire, erect, the sinuses often at length enlarjjed into a revo-
lute lobe. Corolla tiibular-funnelforni or salverforni, the limb 5-lobe(l, spreading, the lobes
obtuse. Stamens unequally inserted on the tutic of the corolla, mostly straight, the filaments
unequal. Ovules i or few in each cavity. Capsule oval to obovoid. ' Seeds of most species
mucilaginous and emitting spiral threads when wetted. [Greek, gluten, referring to the
glutinous seeds when wetted.]
Abdut Kisix'cios, natives of wosttrn Aiiu'rioa. Hcsidis the lOllDwiiiK, sonic 6 others occur in
the western I'liiUil .States and Uritish Cohnnbia.
I. Collomia linearis Niitt. Narrow-
leaved Collomia. (Fig. 2994.)
O'llomia linearis N'ult. Gen. i: 12(1. 1S18.
l-ih'a linearis A. Cimy, I'roc. Am. .Vcad. 17: 22,?. 1SH2.
Annual, viscid-puberulent; stem erect, leafy, sim-
ple or branched, slender, j'-lS' high. Leaves
linear-oblong, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, en-
tire, acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base,
sessile, or tlic lower short-petioled, I'-iyi' long,
I '^"-6" wide; flowers 5"-7" long, numerous in
terminal capitate leafy-bracted clusters; calyx-lobes
triangular-lanceolate, acute; corolla light purple or
nearly white, the tube very slender, longer than the
calyx, the lobes \"-2" long; capsule at maturity
about as long as the calyx.
In dry soil, Man'toba to Minnesota and Nebraska,
west t() Hrilish Columbia. Arizona and California.
Also in New Rrunswick. JIay-.\uK.
5. NAVARRETIA R. & P. Prodr. Fl. Per. 20. 1794.
.Xnnual glabrous or viscid-pubescent herbs, with alternate spino.se-pinnatifid leaves, or
the lowest entire, and numerous small flowers in dense terminal bracted clusters. Calyx
prismatic or obpyramidal, the tube 5-anglcd, 5-clcft, not accrescent in fruit, not distended by
nor ruptured by the ripening capsule, the sinuses scarious. the lobes mostly uneciual, erect or
spreading, spiny-tipped, entire, or often toothed. Corolla tubular-funiielform or salverform,
5-lobcd, the lobes oval or oblong. Stamens straight or dcclineil, equally inserted in or below
the throat of the corolla. Ovary 2-3-celled; ovules solitary, few or several in each cavity.
Capsule 1-3-celled, dehiscent or indehiscent. Sec<ls mostly mucilaginous and emitting spiral
threads when wetted. [In honor of Navarrete, a Spanish physician.]
About 2( species, natives of western America. Hesides the following, some 22 others occur in
the western t'liited States.
I. Navarretia minima Nutt. Small
Xavarrelia. (Fig. 2995.)
A'ii7(irir/ia minima Nutt. Journ. .\eail. Nat. Sci. Tliila.
\ II. ) I. 160. i8|S.
Cilia viinitna A. Cray, rroc. Am. .Acad, 8: 2f'»> 1S70.
Depressed, tufted, somewhat pubescent; stem
usually branched, 1'-,^' high. Leaves sessile, '/i'-
i' long, i-2-pinnatilld into almost fdiform rigiu
acicular segments; flowers about 2" long, white (?),
densely capitate; calyx-lobes awl-shaped, mostly
toothed, about as long as the tube and e(iualling
the corolla, the sinuses more or less white-pubes-
cent; calyx-tube about equalling the indehiscent
i-6-seeded capsule.
In ilry soil, Nebraska and South Dakota to Washing-
ton and Arizona. Summer.
Vol. III.]
WATER-LIvAl' FAMILY.
43
1836.
Family 22. HYDROPHYLLACEAE Lindl. Xat. Syst. l-:cl. 2, 271.
\V.\r 1';k-i.ka v F.\ m i t.v.
Herb.s, mostly hirsute, pubescent or scabrous, with alternate or basal, rarely
opposite leaves, and perfect regular 5-parted flowers, in scorpioid cymes, spikes
or racemes, or rarelv solitary. Calyx inferior, deeply cleft or divided, the
sinu.ses sometimes appendaged. Corolla gamopetalous, funnelfonn, .salverform,
campanulate, or rotate. Stamens 5, inserted on the tube or ba.se of the corolla,
and alternate with its lobes; fdaments fdiform; anthers ovate, oblong, or linear,
mostly versatile, 2-celled, the .sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Disk annular, or
none. Ovary superior, 2-celled, or i -celled with 2 placentae; styles 2, .separate,
or partly united; stigmas small, terminal; ovules few or numerous, anatropous
or amphitropous. Ca])sule 1-2-celled, mostly loculicidally 2-valved, rarely sep-
ticidally or irregularly dehi.scent. Seeds oblong, globose, or angular, usually
pitted, rugose or reticulated; endosperm fleshy or cartilaginous; embryo small;
cotyledons half-terete or plano-convex.
About 17 KtiiiTii 'IIkI I'l" sjK'cii'S, mostly nativos of western North .Xinerica.
Styles united below; ovary i-eelled; leaves mostly lobed or dentate.
Corolla lobes eonvohite in the bud; i)laeentae dilated.
Stamens exserted.
.Stamens not exserted.
.Sinuses of the ealyx appendaifed.
Calyx niueh enlarged in fruit, its sinuses not appendaged.
Corolla-lobes imbric.iled in the bud; placeiit.ie narrow.
Styles distiiut to the base; ovary 2 celled; leaves entire.
1. Hydrophylliim.
2. Xemofiliila.
,?. Jfdi idca/j'.i:
4. JVincrlia.
5. yania.
IT. J'iixhiiiiim.
11. niaciii/'liylliDil.
II. tiftf^iiitiiiultiliim.
II. Caiiaitoisc,
h^m f
I. HYDROPHYLLUM L. Sp. PI. 146. 1753.
I'erennial or biennial lierl)S, with larj;e lobed pintiatifid or pinnatcly divided leaves, and
rather large, white blue or purple 116wers, in terminal or lateral peduncled more or less
scorpioid cymes. Calyx deeply 5-parted, the scj^mciits lanceolate or subulate, the sinuses
naked or append.ijjed. Corolla tnbular-canipanulatc or campatuilatc. 5-lobed, the lobes con-
volute in the bud, each with a linear appendage within, which extends to the b.ise of the
corolla ami is incurved into a groove. Stamens ,'5, exserted; filaments pilose below or at the
base; anthers linear or oblong, versatile. Ovary i -celled, hispid-pubescent; placentae llesliy,
dilated so as to nearly fill the cavity, free from the ovary-wall except at the top and bottom,
each enclosing 2 ovules; styles united nearly to the summit. Capsule a-valvcd. Seeds i-^,
globose-ol)ovoid. [Greek, water- leaf, referring to the supposed cavity for water in each leaf.]
.-Vbout (\ species, natives of North America.
Leaves, at least the lower, pinnatifid or pinnately diviiled.
Calyx not appenilaKed in the sinuses or scarcely so.
I'laiit sparingly pubescent; leaf seKmenls acute. I.
I'lant villous-hirsnte; leaf sejiments blunt. 2.
Calyx with a ivllexcil appendage in each siiuis. 3.
Leaves palniately .So-lobeil. 4.
I. Hydrophyllum Virginicum L.
Virginia Water-leaf. (Fig. 2996.)
//. I'iiffuiicHiH h. ,Sp. I'l. 1)6. I75,v
Perennial by scaly rootstocks ; steins
slender, glabrous or nearly so, simple or
sparingly liranchcd, ascending or erect,
rather weak, 1° -3° long. Lower and basal
leaves long-petioled, 6'-ic)' long, pinnately
divided into 5-7 oblong ovate or ovate-
lanceolate acute or acutish sharply toothed
or incised segments i'-2' long, glabrous or
with few scattered hairs; upper leaves simi-
lar, short-petioled, smaller, with fewer seg-
ments; cymes slender-peduncled, simple or
forked, dense or at length open; fiowers
white or violet purple, darkest at high alti-
tudes, short-pedicelled; pedicels strigose-
pubescent; calyx-segments narrowly linear,
hispid, spreading, the sinuses not appen-
daged; corolla about 4" long; capsule glo-
bose, nearly 2" in diameter.
In woods, Quebec to .-Vlaska, south to South
Carolina. Kansas and WashiuKton. Ascends to
y«io ft. in North Carolina. May-.\uK.
44
HYDROPIIYI.IvACEAK.
[Vol.. III.
2. Hydrophy. : im macrophyllum Niitt.
Large-leaved Water-leaf. (Fig. 2997.)
Ilvdrot'hvl'inn maciofthyllxim Null. Jourii. I'hila.
Ac;nl. 7 IS,V).
rereiiniiil by scaly rootstocks, villous-hir-
sute all over; stem ratlicr stout, 2°-3° InKli-
Lower leaves loiif^-petioled, S'-i2' louj;, deeply
piniiatiful or piiiuately divided into 7-1,^ oval or
ovate ol)tusc coarsely dentate seKUieuts I '-3'
long; upper leaves similar, smaller, shorter-
pctioled and with fewer segments; cymes long-
peduncled, simple or forked, very dense; pe-
duncles stout; pedicels short; flowers nearly
white; calyx cleft to below the middle, its lobes
lanceolate, erect, white-hispid, the sinuses not
appendagcd; corolla 5"-6" long; anthers ob-
long; capsule globose, densely white-hispid,
about I '." in diameter, enclosed by the calyx.
Ill ricli woods, Ohio lo .\t,ibiiiiia, west to Illinois
and TciiiiL'SSff. Ascends to 4000 ft. in Virginia.
3. Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Michx.
Appendaged Water-leaf. (Fig. 299S. )
Jf\(ii opliyllinii iiftpfiuiiiiilaliiiii Sliclix. Fl. llor. .\iii.
':: i,u. ' iS),^.
Hiennial, rough-hairy all over; stems slender, sim-
ple or usually branched, weak, 1° 2° long, somewhat
viscid above. Lower and basal leaves long-petioled,
pinnatifid or pinnately divided into 5-7 ovate or
oval, acute or obtusish, irregularly dentate or in-
cised, nienibranous segments; upper leaves smaller
and shorter-petioled, ovate to orbicular, variously
lobed, the lobes acute and dentate; cymes loose,
branched, the slender pedicels Y'-\o" long; calyx
parted to near the base, enlarging in fruit, the seg-
ments triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, spreading,
with a short reilexed appendage in each sinus;
corolla violet or purple, 6"--" long; stamens little
cxsertcd; capsule about I, '2" in diameter.
In woods, Ontario to North Carolina, west to Minne-
sota and Kansas. May-June.
,^^^^^mn^^_
In woods, Massachusetts and southern New York to North C.irolina
to 4000 ft. in Virginia. June-.\ug.
4. Hydrophyllum Canadense L,.
Broad-leaved Water-leaf. (Fig. 2999.)
//. CiiiKu/ciisf I,. Syst. ];d. lo, no. i. 1751).
Perennial by scaly rootstocks; stems rather
slender, commonly simple, glabrous or nearly
so, i°-2'/i° high. Leaves nearly orl)icidar, cor-
date, sparingly pubescent, at least above, pal-
mately 5-9-lobed, the lower longpetiolcd, often
12' broad, occasionally with i or 2 pairs of
small segments on the petiole; upper leaves
smaller, but usually 4'-7' broad; lobes ovate,
acuminate, dentate; peduncles shorter than the
leaves; cymes dense or becoming loose, simple
or forked; pedicels short, nearly glabrous;
calyx cleft nearly to the b.t8e, its segments
linear-lanceolate, acute, nearly or (juite glabrous,
sometimes with a minute tooth in each sinus;
corolla campanulate-rotatc, white to purplish
anthers linear oblong; capsule 2" in diameter,
west to Illinois. Ascends
[Vol,. Ill,
Vol,. III.]
\\ AT !•: R - LI •: .\ !• I'.\ M I lA'.
45
2. NEMOPHILA Nutt. Joiirn. Phil, Acad. 2: 179. 1822.
Annual ilifTuse pubescent slcmler and frajjile lierl)s, with alternate or opposite mostly
pinnatitul or lol)C(l leaves. I'lowers white, blue, or varicKaled, solitary, pcilunded, lateral
or terminal. Calyx deeply 5-clcft or ,s-parted, with a rcflexed or spreading appendage in
each sinus. Corolla cainpanulate or rotate-canipanulatc, mostly longer than the calyx, us-
ually with 10 small appc!idages within at the base, tlic lobes convolute in the bud. Stamens
included; anthers ovate or oblong. Ovary l -celled with placentae similar to those of //)'(/;t>-
phyllmn; styles partly united; ovules 2-12 on each placenta. Capside 2-valvcd. Seeds 1-4
in our species. [Greek, grove-loving.]
About M spicics, natives of North .Xiiurica, mostly Califoniian.
I. Nemophilamicrocalyx (Nutt.)K. & M.
Small-tlowcrcd Ncmopliila. (Fig. 3cx)o, )
Ellisia iiii(i ocalyx y,\\\X. Traii.s. Am. I'liil. Soc. (II.)S:
Xcmofilnlii micivcalvx V. & M. Scrt. IVtrop. iS((i.
Stems very slender, diffuse, branched, ■i'-\^'
long. Leaves membranous, petioled, \'-2]i' long,
^ pinuatifid or pinnatcly divided into 3-5 obovate
(. C^\(~\' i' ( ) cuneate or obli(|ue obtuse 2-3-dentate or -lobed,
VS ^ % J ■'PP''"^'"'"te or conlluent segments, the upper all
Cj \/\ ^ )'•' aitcriKitc, the lowest ojiposite; peduncles slender.
4"-i2"long, opposite the leaves, shorter than or
equalling the petioles; flowers white or blue, 1%"-
2" long; appendages in the sinuses of the calyx
minute; calyx scarcely enlarged in fruit; ovules 2
on each placenta; corolla-appendages obsolete or
none; anthers oval; capsule about 1,12" in dia-
meter, much longer than the calyx, I-2-seeded.
In wooils, ViiKiiiia to I'loiida, wist to Arkansas and
Texas. .Xpril-Juno.
3. MACROCALYX Trew, Nov. Act. Xat. Ctir. 2: 330-332. //. 7. /', /. 1761,
[lll.Li.si.v I,. Sp. I'l. Kd. 2, 1662. 1763. Not Syst. Ed. 10. 1759.]
Annual hirsute or pubescent branching slender herbs, with opposite or alternate, pin-
natcly divided or 1-3-pinnatilid leaves, and solitary or racemose small white or bluish flow-
ers. Calyx 5-lobcd or 5-j)artcd, spreading, jnucli enlarged in fruit, destitute of appendages
in the sinuses. Corolla campanulate or nearly cylindric, shorter than or slightly exceeding
the calyx, usually with 5 minute appendages on the tube within, its lobes convolute in the
bud. .Stamens included; anthers oval or oblong. Ovary i-cellcd; styles united below;
ovules 2-4 on each of the jdacentac, which are similar to those of the two preceding genera,
[Greek, large calyx.]
.\l)out ,i spicics, natives of North .America.
I. Macrocalyx Nyctelea (L.) Kuntze.
Nyctclea. (Fig. 3001.)
Ipomoca Nyctdca I,. Sp. PI. nm. ir.s.v
Poli'DiDiiiiiiii (?) NycliUa I,. ,Sp. V\. Va\. 2, 2\i. I7(J2.
J\//i.sia A'lrA/iif I,. Sp. I'l. ICil. 2, inoj. i7'>,v
M. JVj'C/i/ca Kuntze, Rev. Gen. I'l. .(,u. 1891.
Sparingly hirsute-pubescent; stem several
times forked, 4'-l2' high. Leaves pinnatcly
divided, petioled, 2'-.^' long, ovate-oblong iu
outline, the upper alternate, the lower opposite,
the segments oblong or lanceolate, dcntao, en-
tire or lobed; peduncles slender, i-flowered, op-
posite the leaves; calyx in flower about 2"
long, about equalling the corolla, enlarging,
widely spreading and bccouiiog 8'''-i4" broad
in fruit, its lobes lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate; fruit at length pendulous; capsule
globose, a'^-a" in diameter.
In moist soil. New Jersey to Minnesota iind the
Northwest Territory, south to Virginia, Nebraska
and Missouri. Apnl-July.
46
HVOROrilYLLACEAE.
[Vol.. III.
4. PHACELIA Juss. Gen. PI. 127. 1789.
Annual or rarely perennial, mostly hirsute hispid or scabrous herbs, with alternate en-
tire dentate lol)cd pinnatilid or dissected leaves, the lowest rarely opposite, and blue purple
violet or white flowers in terminal scorpioid cymes or racemes. Calyx 5-lobed, somewhat
enlarxin^ in fruit; sinuses not appeudaned. Corolla cainpimulate, nearly rotate, tubular or
funnclform, the tube sometimes appendajjed within, opposite the lobes, the lobes imbricated
in the bud. Stamens exsertcd or included, attached near the base of the corolla; anthers
mostly ovate. Ovary 1 -celled, the 2 placentae narrow, allixcd to the walls; .styles united be-
low; ovules 2 or several on each placenta. Capsule l-cellcd, or falsely nearly 2-cellcd by
the intrusion of the placentae, 2 valvcd Seeds usually reticulated. [(Ireek, a cluster, re-
ferring to the clustered flowers of some species. ]
.Xbiiut Sii species, iiativis iif the New WurUl. Hesides the fullowiiiR, smne 50 others occur in
the western parts iif North .\nierica.
Corolla-lobes entire.
Corolla manifestly appetulaged within, between the staniehs.
Leaves entire. i.
Leaves creiiate dentiite. 2.
Leaves pinnately divided, or piiniatiful. the scRnients incised.
Kiieenies liuise; pedicels slender; iniUes 2 on e;icli placenta. v
Kacen\es dense; pedicels sliiiit; ovules numerons. 4.
Appendages of the corolla inconspicuous or none.
Filaments pubescent; e.dyx-lobes oblong.
I'uberulenl; flowers .4" -,i" broad. 5
Hirsute; flowers t'"-;" bro.id. 6,
Vilanients ({labrous; calyx-lobes linear. ~.
Corolla nearly rotate, its lobes limbriate.
Lobes of the leaves and caly.x acute. S.
Lobes of the leaves and calyx obtuse. 9.
/'. Inicofilivlla.
P. inlegi i/olia.
P. bifiinnali/ida.
I'. J''ra>ikli>iii.
P. d II hi a.
P. hiisiila.
P. Co: i I lei.
P. Piirsliii.
P. tiDibriala.
I. Phacelia leucophylla Torr
Pliacilia Inuophylla Torr. Freni. Rep. o;. i-^|,s.
Perennial by a stout rootstock, pale, densely silky-
pubescent, the hairs appressed or ascending. Stem
simple or branched, i°-l,'2^ high; leaves lanceo-
late to oblong, entire, pinnately veined, 2'-4' long,
4"-i2" wide, the lower long-pctioled, the upperses-
sile or nearly so; spike-like branches of the scorpioid
cymes very dense, nearly straight and I'-i' long
when expanded; flowers sessile, very numerous,
about 4" high; calyx-lobes hispid, oblong-lancco-
latc or linear, somewhat shorter than the white or
bluish, 5-lobed corolla; corolla-appendages conspicu-
ous, in pairs between the filaments; fdamcnts ex-
scrted glabrous; ovules 2 on each placenta; capsule
ovoid.
In dry soil. South Dakota to Id.dio and western Ne-
braska. May-Aus;. The species lias been taken for P.
/ic/frop/iil/a Pursh, of the far west, which has spreadinfr
brown hairs, some of the leaves usually pinnatilid, and
pilose fdanients.
Silky Phacelia. (Fig. 3002.)
2. Phacelia integrifolia Torr. Crenate-
loaved Phacelia. (Fig. 3003.)
/'. in/ixri/o/i(i Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2: 222. />/. ;. 1827.
.\unual or biennial; stem erect or a.scending,
rather stout, very leafy, commonly branched above,
viscid-hirsute, 6'-2° high. Leaves finely strigose-
pubesccnt, ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, irre-
gularly crenate-deutate, obtuse at the apex, rounded
or cordate at the base, i'-2,'2' long, petioled or
the uppermost sessile; spike-like branches of the
scorpioid cymes dense, 2'-4' long when expanded;
flowers sessile, about 4" long; calyx-segments ob-
long, acute; corolla tubular-campanulate, white or
blue, its tube longer then the calyx; filaments gla.
brous, exserted; ovules 2 on each placenta; capsule
ovoid, obtuse.
In saline soil, western Kansas (according to B. B.
Smyth), Colorado to Mexico, I'tah and Arizona. April-
Sept.
Vol.. III.]
3. Phacelia bipinnatiBda Michx.
PI. Hor. Am
\v.\ti:r -i.e.m" family,
I/iose- flowered Phacelia.
J'lutiilia Itif'iniialifidii Miclix
pi. I'). i8o,(.
Biennial, hirsute-pubescent; stem erect, usually
much brauched, glandular-viscid above, i°-2^
hiHh. Leaves slender-petioled, 2'- 5' lonj,'. pi"-
iiatcly divided or deeply pinnatiful into ,^-7 ovale
or oblou}; acute or acutisli, dentate or incise<l seg-
ments, or these again pinnatiful; flowers blue or
violet, 6"-S" broad, numerous, slender-pcdicclled
in loose racemes, the inflorescence only slightly
scorpioid; pedicels .("-in" long, recurved in fruit;
calyx-segments linear; appendages of the rota'.e-
campanulate corolla in pairs between the stamens,
conspicuous, villous on the margins; filaments
pilose, exserted; ovules 2 on each placenta; cap-
sule globose.
In moist lUickits and along streams, Ohio tn Illi-
nois, snulli to .Miib.inia. .\sccn1l9 to 4111)0 ft. in North
Carolina. .April Jiuu'.
4. Phacelia Franklinii (R. lir.) A.
(iray. Franklin'.'^ Phacelia. (Fig. 3005.)
/Cri/i',a I'miikh'uii R. Hr. App. I'rank. Journ. 51.
Pliiueliii I'laiikltiiii \. Gray, Man. I-.d. 2, 329. 1S56.
.Vnnual, villous-pubescent; stem erect, 6'-i8'
high, simple, or corymbosely branched at the
summit. Leaves I'j'-,^' long, pinnately parted
into 7-15 linear or linear-oblong acute entire
dentate or incised segments; flowers blue or
nearly white, short-pedicelled in dense scor-
pioid racemes; calyx-.segmcnts linear-lanceolate,
acute; longer than the tube of the rotate-cam-
panulate corolla; appendages of the corolla free
at the apex; anthers scarcely exserted; fda-
ments glabrous, or nearly so; styles united
nearly to the Runimit; ovules numerous on each
placenta; capsule ovoid, acute.
Western Ontario and Miiniesolato liritish Colum-
bia and Idalio. Summtr.
5. Phacelia dubia (L.) Small. Small-flowered Phacelia. (Fig. 3006.)
/'>/c»ii>iiiiini i/iihiiiiii I,. .Sp. I'l. I7,^,v
I'lniiiiia paii'itloia I'lirsli, I-'l. Am. Sipt. 140. I'^i).
Pliiutiia t/it/>ia Small. Hull. Torr. Club, 21:, ^o^. i'^94.
Annual, puberulent or glabrate, branched from
the base, the branches very slender, erect or as-
cending, 5'-i2' high. Lower and basal leaves peti-
oled, I '-2' long, piunatifld or pinnately divided into
3-5 oblong obtuse entire or dentate segments, or
rarely merely dentate, or even entire; upper leaves
much smaller, sessile, less divided; flowers light
blue or white, racemose, 4"-5" broad; racemes 5-
15-flowered, elongated in fruit; pedicels 3"-""
long; calyx-lobes oblong or oblong-lanceolate; co-
rolla rotate-cam panulate, the appendages obsolete;
filaments pubescent; anthers slightly exserted;
ovules 4-8 on each placenta; capsule globose, i yi " iu
diameter, 6-12-seeded; fruiting pedicels ascending.
In moist soil, Pennsylvania to Georgia, Kansas and
Texas. Ascends to 2000 ft. in Virginia. April-June.
48
IIYDROrilYI.LACKAE.
[Vol,. III.
6. Phacelia hirsuta Nutt, Hairy
Phacelia. (l-'ig. 3007.)
I'liacilia hiiiiita Null. Triitis. Am. I'liil. .Hoc. (II.)
5: i.ii. i\U C-
J'liiHilia /><ir:i/fora var. hiisula \. Cray, I'roc.
-Viii. .\iaJ. 10: (ji. 1S75.
Similar to the preceding species but usually
stouter and larger, hirsulc-p\il)csccnt. Leaves
petroled, pinnatifid or deeply pinnatcly diviiled
into 5-<) oblong obtuse usually entire segments,
or the upper 3-5-lobed or entire, sessile; ra-
cemes rather dense, scorpioid when unfolding;
lliiwers blue, 6"-;" broad; calyx-segments ob-
long-lanceolate, hirsute; corolla rotate-cam-
panulate, its appeiulagcs short; ovules 3-1 on
each placenta; stamens scarcely exserted; cap.
sulc globose, 4 Ssecded.
Ill dry siiil, VirKiiiia tn Cienrttia, wist to Missouri
anil Te,\as. April June.
7. Phacelia Covillei S. Wats.
Coville'.s Phacelia. O'ig. 300S.)
Phacilia 0>:illciS. Wats, in .\. Gray, Man. IM.
6, 36(1. i8</).
Annual, similar to the two preceding
species, branched from the base, pubescent;
branches very slender, weak, 6'-i2' long.
Leaves deeply pinnatifid or pinnntely di-
vided into 3-7 oblong or obovate, obtuse seg-
ments; racemes only i-5-flo\vered; pedicels
filiform, 6''-iS" long; calyx-segments linear,
elongating in fruit; corolla tubular-campanu-
late, about 3'' long and broad when ex-
panded; filaments glabrous; antheia not ex-
serted; appendages of the corolla obsolete;
capsule globose, iJ2"-2" i" diameter; fruit-
ing pedicels recurved.
Along the rutoinac River above Washington
D. C. April May.
Phacelia Purshii Biickl. Pursh's
Phacelia. (Fig. 3009.)
Phinelia PHishii liuckl. Am. Journ. Sei. 45: 171.
' is>3-
Annual, pubescent; stem erect, usually much
branched, 6''-iS' high. Lower and basal leaves
petioled, i J4''-3' long, pinnately parted or pin-
natifid into 9-15 oblong or lanceolate, acute or
obtusish, entire or sometimes incised segments;
upper leaves sessile, with fewer segments; ra-
cemes strongly i-sidcd, io-20-flowered, much
elongated iu fruit; pedicels 3"-i2"long; calyx-
segments lanceolate or linear-lanceolate; corolla
^"-b" broad, blue or white, nearly rotate, not
appeudaged within, its lobes fimbriate; filaments
slightly exceeding the corolla; ovules 2 on each
placenta; capsule globose-ovoid.
In moist woods or thickets, Pennsylvania to
Minnesota, south to North Carolina, Alabama and
Missouri. Ascends to 2000 ft. in Virginia. April-
June.
•^-'f,
Vol.. III.]
WATKRLKAI' FAMILY.
9. Phacelia Bmbriilta Michx. rringed or Mountain Phacelia. (Fig.
Phacetia fimbi lala Mielix. l-'l. Bor. Am. i: i.^t. '^"V ,TT^^4*r~X'.'TOl/u/ ■">!.
Annual, sparingly pubcsi'cnt; stems simple or
branclied, asceniling or dilTuse, 6'-2i>' lonj;. Hasal
and lower leaves sleiider-pelioled, 2'-4' lon^;, pin-
nately divided into 5-9 orbicular obovateor oblong
obtuse ilentatc or entire segments; upper leaves
sessile, their segments oblong or lanceolate, acute;
clusters loose, ^-izflowercd; pedicels 4"-l5"
long! (lowers 4"-5" liroail, white; calyx-segments
linear to spatulate, obtuse; corolla rotato-cam-
panulate, not appcndaged within, its lobes strongly
fimbriate; filaments pilose, al)out etiualling tlic
corolla; ovules 2 on each placenta ; capsule de-
pressed-globose, 2" in diameter.
49
3010.)
In uDDils, niountaitis of Virginia tn
May-June.
.Mabania.
5. NAMA L. Sp. PI. 226. 1753.
[HvDRor.K.v h. Sp. I'l. Kd. 2, ;,2.S. 17^2.]
Perennial herbs, some tropical species shrubby, with alternate entire leaves, sometimes
with spines in their axils, and blue cyniose-clustered or racemose flowers. Calyx-segments
distinct to the base, ovate or lanceolate. Corolla rotate-campaiiulate, not appendaged
within, 5-cleft, the lobes imbricated in the bud. Stamens inserted on the base of the corolla;
fdamenls filiform, dilated below; anthers sagittate. Ovary 2-celled (rarely ;,-cellcd 1; ovules
numerous in each cavity, on fleshy adherent placentae; styles 2, rarely 3, slcmler or filiform,
distinct to the base; stigma capitcllate. Capsule globose or ovoid, septicidally or irregularly
dehiscent. [C.reck, a stream, referring to the habitat.]
.Vlioiit IS spt'cirs, nalivt'S of warm and tropical ripidtis of both the Old World and tlu- N'ew.
liesides the folluwnig, another occur.'* in the southern I'liited Stales.
Leaves lanceolate; flowers mostly in axillary chislers.
Glabrous, or very nearly so, IhrouKhoul; sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate.
Villous, at least above, and on the calyx; sepals lanceolate.
I.eavesovate; flowers mostly in terminal clusters; sepals villous. ... .<
1. .V. affinis.
2. y. t/itai/iiz'alz'is.
,1. .V. ot'a/a.
1. Nama afTinis (A. Gray)
Kuntze. Smooth Nama.
(Fig. 301 1.)
Ilvdrolca affinis \. Gray, Man. VA. 3, 370.
'1S67.
yama affinis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 43,1. iSyi.
Glabrous or very nearly so throughout,
with or without slender spines in the
axils; stems ascending, i°-2}i° high-
Leaves oblong-lanceolate, petioled, acute
or acuminate at both ends, 2'-$' long,
4"-8" wide; flowers 6' '-7" broad, short-
pcdicelled, in rather dense pcduncled
leafy-bracted axillary clusters; sepals
ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acumi-
nate, about equalling the corolla; capsule
2" in diameter when mature, somewhat
longer than the styles, shorter than the
sepals.
In wet places, southern Illinois to Mis-
souri, Louisiana and Texas. June-Augf.
50
lIVDKorilYI.I.ACEAK.
[Vol.. iir.
Nama quadriv61vis (Walt.) Kuntze. Hairy Naina. (Fig. 3012.)
Ilydiolia qiiadi hHil:'is\\'s\\i. I'l.C.ir. no. 17.H8.
I/vdiitlea Cii 1(4 ill id nil Miclix. I'l. Hor. Am. l:
177. lS<M.
A'aiiid (/iiadi i:a/:f. Kmit/.c, Kiv. Ciiii. I'l. .(i.S-
l.H.jt.
Sitnili\r to tlic preceding species, but puhes-
cciit, at Icnsl iit)<)vc, and on the calyx, with
spreading; liiiirs, usii..''yl)uarin);. blender spines
in llie axils; sli-in ascndinj,', i"'-2" lii),'ll.
I.favcs lancfolatc, acute or acuminate, ^la-
l)rous, or sparin^jly pubescent, petioled, 2'-$'
loiiKi ,^"-S" wide; lower petioles jj'^lon),','or
more; flowers in axillary cliustcrs; sepals lan-
ceolate, or linear-lanceolate, acuminate, about
.'is louK as the corolla; capsule 2"-^" in diam-
eter, lon>;cr than the styles, about the length
of the sepals.
In wit wiil, sDUllicasterii Virginia to' IMorida
and Louisiana. Juni' -.Auk.
^^^-
3. Nama ovata (Xiitt.) Uritton.
Ovate-leaved Xania. (Imr. 3013.)
Hvdi'itea (K'litd Null. Trans. Am. I'liil. Sac.
'(II.; 5: K.jii. iSxi, .\7.
jV. ovalii 11- itlnn, Mem. Tovr. Club, 5: 272. iS(i4.
Stem erector nearly so, 1"-,^° high, usually
branched near the summit, ])uberulent, or
somewhat hirsute, at least above, usually
spine-bearing in most of the axils. Leaves
ovate, rarely ovate-lanceolate, puberulent, or
j^labrouR, sliort-])etioled, or the upper almost
sessile, i'-2'.' lonjj, ,'j'-i,'4' wiile, acute at
the apex, narrowed or rounded at the base;
flowers in terminal clusters, often l' broad,
I r more; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, very
villous, shorter than the corolla, longer than
the capsule; styles longer than the sejials.
Ill wi't Soil. C,vttX)i'\:\ to Slissouri, Louisiana
and Te.\as. Slay Sipt.
T^J
' ^-*
Family 23. BORAGINACEAE T.iiidl. Nat. Sy.st. VA. 2, 274. 1836,
liORAGi; I'AMlr.V.
Annual biennial or perennial herbs, .shrubs, or .some tropical species trees.
Leaves alternate, very rarely opposite dx verticillate, exstipulate, mostly entire
and hi.spid, pubescent, scabrous or setose. Flowers perfect, usually regular,
mostly blue, in one-sided .scorpioid spikes, racemes, cymes, or sometimes .scat-
tered. Calyx inferior, mostly 5-lobed, 5-cleft, or 5-parted, usually persistent.
Corolla gamopetalous, mostly regular and 5-lobed, sometimes crested or appen-
daged in the throat, rarely irregular, its lobes imbricated, convolute, plicate or
induplicate in the bud. Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes and alternate with
them, inserted on the tube or throat; filaments .slender or short; anthers 2 -celled,
the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Disk annular, entire, or 5-lobed, or none,
commonly inconspicuous. Ovary superior, of 2 2-ovuled carpels, entire, or the
carpels commonly deeply 2-lobed, making it appear as of 4 i-ovuled carpels;
style simple, entire or 2-cleft in our genera; ovules anatropous or amphitropous.
Fruit mostly of 4 i -seeded nutlets, or of 2 2-.seeded carpels. Endosperm fleshy,
Voi,. HI,]
IlORAdIv FAMILY.
51
copious, or none; embryo straij^ht or curved; cotyledons mostly flat or planj-
coiivcx; radicle short.
AI>out Sij uiiKf'' ami i,S'«> upecieH. of wide K'OKrnplilc ilistribiiticiti.
•X- Ovary entire or ]-4-Kruoved : ulyle terminnl. t. llflioliof'iHtn,
¥•• ■;<■ Ovary 4-ilivliled ur deeply 4-lobed, the atyle ariaiiiK from the center.
I'lowcrs ri'ijiiliir.
Nullity ariiii-(l with )>nrlii'il prickUs.
Niitlils Mprciuliiin or (livcrKctit, iDviricl by llif iirickUs. 2. Cyiioi;li>\siiin.
Nullils iriil or iiiiiirvrd, tin iiriikk" oti their liaiks or iiiarKiii'*. 3. Liipfmla.
Nulkls iitiiiniiid.
Nlitlits attarliiMl latrrnlly to tlic rci'i iilailf, soitutiims juht above Hair banes.
J''niiliii({ ialy\ not Kiially iiilarKid nor imiiibraiioiis.
Corolla small, usually whiti-; rcci-ptacl'.' conic or eli>iitfaliil.
Aiiiiiials; calyx nearly dosiil in fruit; indoriscciicc naked or brncteolatc.
Lowest leaves mostly opposite; calyx persistent. .(. .U/ndiiKi.
Leaves all alt(rniite; calyx at lentttli (leciilnoiis. s. It yfiliiii/lir.
I'ennnialH or biennials; calyx seKimtits more or less spreading in frnit; inllor-
esu nee leafy. o, ()> I'udlijil.
Corolla tnbiilarfniinelfoiin. mostly blue; receptacle flat or convex.
Maritime; nutlets (lesliy, smooth ami sliiiiiii({.
Not maritime; niilkts wrinkleil when mature ami dry.
I'mitiiiK calyx mncli cnlatvred, membranous, veiny.
Nutlets attached to llii receptacle by their very bases.
.Scar of attachment small, Hat.
Corolla salverform or fminelform. its lobes routidi d, spreading.
Kaciines n(;t biactid; coroll.i tube short.
Kaciiiies braet( d; corolla tube cylindrie, usually slender.
Corolla tubular, its lobes erect, acute.
Scar of attachment larxe, concave.
Coroll.i tubular, ,s toothed.
Conilla rol.ile; anthers erect in ,1 cone.
I'lowers irrepular.
.Slaiiuiis ineliulcd; throat of the corolla dosed by scales.
Stamens exserted, throat of the corolla dilated, open.
Piirii mill ill.
Afi I Ifii^iii.
.■\s(>r>u,i;ii.
10. .V|VlMl//f.
11. /.illii>\f>fi iiiiim.
I J. (fiiiismm/iiini.
Sviiif^liyhiiii.
tu hi II III.
1. //. I'.uiofiaeinii.
2. //. Ciiiiissa.iciiiii.
,5. //. leiiiiliiiii.
If. ciiir.olziilairiim.
}[. I mi i Clint.
I. HELIOTROPIUM L. Sp. PI. 130. 175;,.
Herbs or .shrubs, with alternate mostly entire aiul petioled leaves, and small blue or
white flowers, in scorpioid sjiikes, or scattered. Calyx-lobes or -segments lanceolate or lin-
ear. Corolla salverform or funnelforni, naked in the throat, its tube cylindrie, its lobes
imbricated, jilicate or indu])licate in the bud, spreadinj; in flower. .Stamens included; fila-
ments short, or none. Style terminal, short or slender; sti).(ma conic or annular. I'Vnit
2-.plol)ed, separating; into 4 i-seedcd nutlets, or into 2, 2-seeded carpels. Ovary entire, or
2-4-groovcd. |(ireck, sun-turnin>;, /. c, turiiinj; to or with the sun. |
About 1 15 siieeies, widely distributed in warm temperate and tropical renions. liesides the fol-
lowiinf, some o others occur in the southern and western parts of North America. The species are
c.dled Tnrusole.
I'niil (-lobed. each lobe becoming a i-seedcd nutlet.
I'lowers in scorpioid spikes.
Plant rouuli pnbi rulenl; Uavisovnl.
C.labrous, lleshy; leaves linear or spatulate.
I'Mowers solitary, terminatiuK short branches.
I'ruit 2-lobed, or of 2 carpels.
Style elonRated; flowers large, scattered, white.
.Style very short; flowers blue, in scorpioid spikes.
I. Heliotropium Europaeum L. Ivuropean
Heliotrope. (Fig. 3014.)
lIilioliot>iniii Kiiiopaeiiin \,. Sp. IM. i,v>. 'V.S.V
Aimual, much l)ranchcd, rough-puberulent, 6'-iS'
liiKh. Leaves oval, i'-2' lonj;, obtuse at the apex,
narrowed at the base, slender-pctioled, pinnatcly
veined; flowers white, i'"-2" broad, in dense i-sidcd
scorpioid, bractlcss spikes; terminal spikes in pairs,
the lateral ones commonly solitary, becoming I'-y
loiiK in fruit; calyx-segments lanceolate to linear-
lanceolate, shorter than the corolla-tube; anthers dis-
tinct, obtuse; stigma-tip long-conic; fruit depressed-
globose, pubescent, 4-lobed, at length separating into
4 nutlets.
In waste places, southern New York and Pennsylvania
to Florida. Adventivc or naturalized from Europe.
June-Oct.
I-
52
nORAGINACEAK.
[Vol.. III.
a. Heliotropium Curassavicum L. Sea-side Heliotrope. (Fig. 3015.)
lleUottopiiiDi Cuiiissavicnm I,. Sp. PI. i,v). i733-
Annual 1 or southward perennial ?), fleshy,
glabrous throughout, more or less glaucous,
hraiicheil, tlilTuse, tlic branches 6'-lS' long.
Leaves oblanccolate, linear, linear-oblong, or
spatulate, entire, very inconspiouously veined,
I '-2' long, lyi'^-i" wide, obtuse at the apex,
narrowed into petioles, or the upper sessile,
sometimes wilh smaller ones fascicled in the
axils; scorpioid spikes densely flowered, bract-
less, mostly in pairs; flowers about 2" broad;
calyx-scjnnents lanceolate, acute; corolla white
with a yellow eye or changing to blue; stigma
umbrclla-shapcd; anthers acuminate; fruit glo-
bose, at length separating into 4 nutlets.
On sandy seashores, VirRinia to Texas and Mex-
ico. In dry saline .soil from Manitoba and the
Norlluvisl Teriitory to Nebraska and 'IVxas. On
tile racilu- Coast from (iretfon to Me.xico. Widely
distributtd in salim and maritinR' soil in .South
.America and tin- Old World. In ballast about the
nortlitrn stajiorts. May-Sept.
3. Heliotropium tenellum (Xutt.) Torn
Slender Heliotrope. (Fig. 3016.)
Lilhosf'irinum tcuflln»t Nntt. Trans. Am. I'liil. Soc.
H. tenellum Torr. in Marcy's Rip. ,',o|. fl. i /. uSs^.
Annual, strigose-canesccnt; stem erect, slender,
paniculately branched, connnoidy leaHcss below,
6'-l8' high. Leaves linear, entire, }i'-\'/i' long,
\"-i" wide, narrowed at both ends, .sessile, or the
lower petioled; flowers white, about 2'j" long,
sessile at the ends of short lateral branches, bracted
by I or 2 leaves; calyx-segments unequal, the 2 or
3 larger ones about as long as the corolla; corolla-
tube canescent, slightly longer than the limb, its
lobes entire; anthers obtuse; stigma subulate-tipped;
fruit depressed, 4-lobed, strigose-pubcscent, separ-
ating into 4 I -seeded nutlets.
In dry soil, Kentucky to Kansas, south to Alabama,
Texas and New Mexico. April-AuK.
4. Heliotropium convolvulaceum (Xiitt.
(Fig. 301 ?•
Euploca lonvolviilacea Nutt. Trans. .\m. I'liil. Soc.
(II.)5:iS<». iS.vv.V-
Il.conz'olviitiiieiiDi .\ (",ray,MLMn.Am.Acad.6:4ov i8,S7.
Annual, strigose-canesceiit, usually much branch-
ed, 6''-i5' high, the branches ascending. Leaves
ob'ong, ovate, or lanceolate, entire, short-petiolcd,
obtu.-e or acnte at the apex, narrowed at the base,
/^'-i'i long; flowers numerous, fragrant, very
short-pe<luncitd, terminal and lateral, mostly
solitary and opposite ih»! leaves; calyx-segments
liinceolate, acuminate, equal; corolla white, stri-
gosc, 8"-io" long, about 6'' broad, its tube
narrowed at the throat, longer than the calyx
and the angulate-lol)cd limb; anthers inserted
on the tube of the corolla, slightly cohering by
their tips; style filiform; stigma with a tufl of
bristly hairs; fruit 3-lobcd, pubescent, each lobe
splitting into 2 i-seeded nutlets.
In dry sandy soil, Nebraska to Texas, I'tali, and
Mexico. July-Sept.
) A. Grav. Hindweed Heliotrope.
)
Voi<. III.]
HORACE FAMILY.
53
5. Heliotropium Indicum L. Indian Heliotrope. (Fig
Helioltofiium Indicxim I.. Sp. PI. 13). 175,!.
Annual, more or less hirsute or hispiil; stem
commonly branched, 1°-^° high. lyCaves ovate
or oval, obtuse or acute at the apex, obtuse
rounded or subcordatc at the base, 2' 6' long,
l'-3>^'' wide, repaud or undulate, borne on mar-
gined petioles %'-2yi' long; flowers l)lue, i"-},"
broad, sessile in terminal dense l)ractlcss usually
solitary scorpioid spikes which become ,V 6' long
in fruit; calyx-scgmcnts lanceolate, acute, shorter
than the strigose corolla-tube; style very short,
deciduous; fruit deeply 2-lobcd, glabrous, the lobes
divergent, each finally splitting into 2 nutlets,
each of which is ribbed on the back.
In waste placis, North Carolina to Illinois, south to
Florida and Texas. Natiirali/Ail from Indi.i Also in
ballast about the nortlKrn seaports. Wiilily distrib-
uted in warm regions as a wceil. May-Nov.
2. CYNOGLOSSUM L. Sp. PI. 134. 1753.
Hirsute or hispid (rarely glabrous! mostly tall herbs, with alternate entire leaves, the
ha.sal long-petioled, and purple blue or white (lowers in paiiicled, more or less scorpioid
racemes. Calyx s-cleft or 5-parted, enlarged and spreading or reflexed in fruit. Corolla
funr.elform or salvcrform. the lube short, tlii' throat closed by .S scales opposite the imbri-
cated rounded lobes. Stamens included; filaments short; anthers ovate or oblong. Ovary
deeply 4lobcd, separating into | diverging nutlets in fruit; style mostly slender. Nutlets
oblique, flat or convex above, attached laterally to the coiu'-x or conic receptacle, covered
with short barbed prickles. [Creek, dog's tongue.]
About 75 spi'iics ol wide (jcoKiapliic distribution. liesidcs the following, some ; others occur
in western North .\iiierica.
1. C. otfuinale.
2. (". i'irt;iiiicum.
Stem leafy to the top: (lowers reddish, purple or white; nutlets tlat.
Stem leafless above; llowers blue; nutlets convex.
I. Cynoglossum officinale L.
Hound' .s-tongiie. Gipsy Flower. (Fig. 3019. )
( j«();'/(itt;(H/ (tlficiiiillf I,. Sp. I'l. 1,<(. 17,5.?.
Hicnnial, pubescent; stem erect, Itafy
to the toj), .stout, usually branched, \%°-
,^° high. Hasal and lower leaves oblong
or oblong-lanceolate, slcnder-peliolcd,
sometimes obtuse, f>'-l2' long, i '-3' wide;
upper leaves lanceolate, acute or acumi-
nate, se.ssile, or the upiicrniost clasping;
racemes several or numerous, bractless or
s])aringly bracted, simple or branched,
much elongated in fruit; pedicels .^"-6"
long; calyx-segments ovate- lanceolate,
acute; corolla reddish-purple or rarely
white, about 4" broad; fruit pyramidal,
about 3" broad, each of the 4 nutlets form-
ing a side of the pyramid. Hat on their
upper faces, margined, splitting away at
maturity, but hanging attached to por-
tions of the subulate style.
In fields aiul waste places, (Juebec and On-
tario to Minnesota, south to North Carolina
and Kansas. ( ifteii a troublesome weed.
Naturalized from l';urope. Native also of
Asia. Called also Dogs-tongue, Rose Noble.
May Sept.
54
BORAOTNACKAE.
[Vol..
2. Cynoglossum Virginicum L.
Wild Cuinfrej'. (Fig. 3020.)
CvnoglossiDH I'll gill nil in I,. Sp. I'l. 134.
Perennial, hirsute; stem usually sim-
ple, leafless above, stout, i ]/t°-2%° liigli.
Kasal anil lower leaves oval or obloiifj,
4'-l2' long, obtuse at the apex, nar-
rowed into petioles; upper leaves ob-
long, or ovate-laiiccolalc, sessile and
clasping by a cordate base, acute, nearly
as large, or the one or two uppermost
quite small; racemes 2 6, corymbose,
bractless, long-peduncleil; flowers blue,
abouts" broad; calyx-segments obloug-
lanccolate, obtuse; fruit depressed, 4"
broad, the nutlets convex ou the upper
face, not margined, separating and fall-
ing away at maturity.
In woods, New Brunswick to western
Ontario, south to I'Morida. Louisiana and
Kansas. Ascends to 2501 ft. in Virginia.
April-May.
3. LAPPULA MoetK-h, Meth. 416. 1794.
[EciiiNOSPKRMiM Sw.; Leiim. Aspcrif. 113. 181.S.]
Annual or perennial rough-pubescent or canescent erect branching herbs, with alternate
narrow entire leaves, and small or minute blue or white flowers, in terminal bracted or
bractless racemes. Calyx deeply ,s-cleft or 5-parted, the segments narrow. Corolla salver-
form or funnelform, the tube very short, the throat closed by 5 scales, the ' ibes obtuse,
spreading, indjricated in t!:^' bud. vStamens included; fdamcnts very short. U\ary 4-lobcd;
style short. Nutlets 4, erect or incurved, laterally attached to the receptacle, at length
separating, the margins or backs armed with stout often flattened barbed prickles, the sides
usually papillose or tuberculate. [niniinutive ot the Latin lappa, a bur.]
About 411 species, mostly natives of the nortli temperate zone. Besides the fi)lIowingf, several
others occur in western North America.
Racemes bracted; fruiliuK pedicels not deflcxcd.
k Prickles in 2 rows on the uiarKins of tlie nutlets, distinct.
' * Prickles in i row on the uiarRins, nu)re or less cuiilluent.
Racemes Uracted only at the base; fruitiufr pedicels dellexid.
Stem leaves ovate-oblong, the basal cordate; fruit globose. 3. /,. I'irginiana.
Leaves oblong, oblong lanceolate or linear; fruit pyramidal.
I'lowcrs 3"-,s" broad; fruit ahcnit ,V' bmad. 4.
Flowers i"-2" broad; frtiit about j" broad. 5.
L. I.appula.
L. Ttwaiia.
I., floiibiiiida.
I,. Ainei icaiia.
I. Lappula Lappula (Iv.) Karst. European Stickseed. Burseed. (Fig. 3021.)
Afyosolis I.apt>ula I,. Sp. I'l. 131. 17.S3.
I.appula Afyosolu Moeiieh, Meth. 417. 1794.
I'.chiiiospei tituin l.appiila I.ehni. .Asperif. 121. 181S.
Lappula l.appiila Karst. Deutseh. FI.979. 1S80-83.
Annual, pale, leafy, hispid or appressed-pubcs-
ceiit, branched, i°-2° high, the branches erect.
Leaves linear, linear-oblong or the lowest spatu-
late, sessile or the lower narrowed into petioles,
ascending or erect, obtuse or obtusish at the
apex, yi'-iyi' \oi\^\ racemes leafy -bracted, more
or less I -sided; pedicels very short, stout, not de-
flexed in fruit; calyx-segments lanceolate, be-
coming une(|ual and spreading; corolla blue,
about i" broad; fruit globose-oval, l*^" in diam-
eter; the nutlets papillose ou the back, the mar-
gins.arnicd with 2 rows of slender distinct prickles.
In waste places. Nova Scotia to British Columbia,
south to New Jersey and Nebraska. Naturalized
from ICurope. Native also of Asia. May-Sept.
Vol.. III.]
boragp: family.
55
2. Lappula Texana (Scheele) Britton.
Hairy Sticksced. (Fig. 3022.)
Cy>ioi;lossum pi/nsiim Null. Geii. i. 114. 1818. Not
K. iS: P. I7()|.
/■'. 7V' tvj (/;/«/ Sclici'lc, I.iiitiaea, 25: 260. iSs2
J'.ihiiiosfii) mum Kfiinu'skii var. < iipulaliim X. Cray
ill llrcwer & Wals. lidt. Cal. i: SV)- '876.
/.apf>iila I'd ana MrWXow, Mum. Torn Club, 5: 27.^. 1894.
Annual, similar to the preceding species, 6'-2°
high, ])aniculately branched, the branches ascend-
ing or erect. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, mostly
obtuse, the lower narrowed into petioles; racemes
leafy-bracted; pedicels short, not dcflexed in fruit;
flowers about 1" broad; nutlets papillosc-tubercn-
late on the Inick, the margins armed with a single
row of flat, usually more or less confluent bristles,
or these united into a cup.
In dry soil, JIanitoba and the Northwest Territory to
Britisli Cohimbia, south to Nebraska, Texas and .Vri-
zotia. Nutlets with nearly distinct bristles and otiiers
with bristles united into a cup sonietinies occur on the
same fruit, .\pril Aus-
3. Lappula Virginiana (ly.) Greene. Virginia Stickseed. (Fig. 3023.)
Afyosolh I'iixiiiiana L. Sp. I'l. 1,^1. 175,5.
Cvni'i^/ossuiii Mi>risoni DC. I'rodr. 10: 155. 1846.
IC. I'irffiiticiim Lelnu. Asperif. 120. 1.S18.
Lappula VitxtniaHa Greene, Pittonia, 2: 1S2. 1S91.
Biennial, pubescent; stem pjiniculately branched,
2°-4° high, the branches slender, spreading. Basal
leaves (seldom present at flowering time) ovate or
nearly orbicular, cordate, long-petioled, mostly
obtuse; stem leaves ovate-oblong or oval, acute or
acuminate at the ape.^c, narrowed to the base,
petiolcd, 3'-8' long, I '-4' wide, the uppermost
smaller, sessile; racemes very slender, divergent,
bracted at the base, the bracts similar to the upper
leaves; pedicels slender, short, recurved in fruit;
corolla nearly white, about \" broad; fruit glo-
bose, nearly 2" in diameter; nutlets covered on
the margins and usually also on the back by the
slender distinct flattened barbed prickles, the backs
commonly also more or less papillose.
I In dry woods and thickets. New Brunswick to west-
fern Ontario and Minnesota, Al.ib.ima, Louisiana and
Nebraska. Called Beggar's-tieks or lice. June-Sept.
4. Lappula floribunda (Lelim.) Greene.
Large-flowered Stickseed. (Fig. 3024.)
r:,liiiiosf>e> mum Jloiihiindum Lehm. in Hook. V\.
Bor. Am, 2: 84, />/. if:/. 18^,
Lappula Jhiiihuiida Greene, Pittonia, 2: 1S2. \'><.)\.
Biennial or perennial, rough-pubescent;
stem stout, paniculately branched, 2° 5° high,
the branches nearly erect. Leaves oblong, ob-
long-lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, 2'-4' long,
a"-i(>" wide, sessile, acute or obtuse at the
ape.x, or the lower narrowed into petioles; ra-
cemes numerous, erect or nearly so, very densely
flowered, bracted at the base, many of them in
pairs; pedicels 2'''-4''' long, reflexcd in fruit;
flowers blue, 3"-s" broad; fruit pyramidal,
about y" broad; nutlets keeled, papillose-
tuberculate on the back, the margins armed
with a single row of flat prickles, which are
sometimes confluent at the base.
Western Ontario and Minnesota to British Colum-
bia, south to New Mexico and Calit'ornia. June -Aug.
56 HORAGINACKAIv. [Vol.. Ill,
5. Lappula Americ£lna ^... Gray) Rydberg. Nodding Stickseed. (Fig. 3025.)
I'.chinospermum deflexum var.
(Iray, I'mc. Am. Aciul. 17: 22).
Amciicaiium
l8,H2.
iMppula Ameiiiaiia Kydberg, Bull. Torr. Club, 24:
Annual, rouKli-puberulcnt; stem slender, erect,
paniculately branched, i"-,^"^ high, the branches
spreading or ascending. Leaves oblong or ob-
long-lanceolate, mostly narrowed at both ends,
2''Y long, 2;^"-6" wide, the lower petioled,
the upper sessile; racemes slender, many-flow-
ered; pedicels slender, 2" 4" long, deflexed in
fruit; corolla white or bluish, about 1" broad;
fruit pyramidal, about 2" broad; nutlets keeled,
papillosc-tuberculate on the back, rarely with a
few prickles on the keel, the margins armed
with a single row of flat prickles.
Ill tliickils, Manitoba and N'nrtli Hakotatd British
Culuinbia. Also in ICuropi and Asia. May-.\UK-
4. ALLOCaRYA Greene, Pittonia, i: 12. 1887.
Mostly annual low herbs, with linear entire leaves, the lowest often opposite, and small
flowers in terminal spikes or racemes. Pedicels tliickened at the summit, persistent. Calyx
5-divided, persistent, the segments narrow. Corolla salverform, white, yellow in the throat.
Stamens included. Ovary 4-divided; style short. Nutlets crustaceous, smooth, or rough,
attached at their base or below the middle to the receptacle, the scar of attachment concave
or raised. IGreek, diflcrent nuts.] ^^ /"^"V k
About 25 spLcics, natives of western North ,.^j^^^ E^OA
Ametica. '■* ^ ' ^ -Si
I. Allocarya scopulorum Greene.
Mountain Allocarya. (Fig. 3026.)
Erilrichiutti Califoi nicuni var. subjih'chidialitm
\. (iray, Hot. Cal. i: ,sj6. In p;irt. 1S76.
Allocarya .scupulm iitii C.rei lie, Pittonia, i: i(>. 1887.
Somewhat succulent jnibescent, with scat-
tered stiff appressed hairs, branched, the slen-
der spreading branches I'-S' long. Leaves 6"-
iS" long, I'^-i's" wide, sessile or very short-
petioled, flowers about i" broad, distant, borne
in most of the axils, very short-pedicelled;
floral bracts similar to the leaves, but shorter;
calyx segments linear-lanceolate; nutlets reticu-
late on the back, lightly grooved on the ventral
side.
Western Nebraska to Montana, Wyoming and
Colorado. June-Sept.
5. CRYPTANTHE Lelim, Sent. Ilort. Ilatnbttrg. 1832.
[Krvnitzki.\ 1'. & M. Ind. Sem. Hort. I'etrop. 7: 5.1. 1S41.]
Low antmal setose or hispid branched herbs, with narrow alternate entire leaves, and
small mostly white flowers, in scorpioid bractlcss or bracteolate spikes. Calyx s-parted or
5-cleft, iit length deciduous from the spike, the lobes or segments erect, mostly connivent in
fruit. Corolla smalf fuiinelform, usually with 5 scales closing the throat, the lobes imbri-
cated in the bud. .Stamens included; fllanients short. Ovary 4- divided; style short; stigma
capitellatc. Nutlets erect, rounded on the back, not keeled, the margins obtuse, acute or
wing-margined, attached laterally to t'.e conic or elongated receptacle, the scar of ittach-
mcnt mostly longer than broad. [Grjek, hidden-flowered.]
About 50 species, natives of N<irtli .nid .South America, mostly of the western I'nited Slates.
Nutlets, at least some of them, with short processes. I. C. ciaxsisepala.
All four nutlets smooth and shining. 2. C. h'endleri.
Vol.. III.]
HORACE FAMILY,
57
Cryptanthe crassisepala (T. & G. ) Greene.
(Fig. 3027.)
Thick-sepaled Cryptanthe.
J-'.i ill iihiiim cntssisrfialHiii T. & G. I'ac. R.
K. Kc|). 2. 171. iSv).
A'nni/ziiii t iassistf>tilti A. (Iray, Pruc. Atn.
Arad. 20: 2(kS. 1SS5.
O Yplauthe crassisepala Orii'iic, I'ittunia, i:
112. 1887.
Densely hispid, at length much launch-
ed, 3'-6' hiKh. Leaves linear, or liiiear-
spatulate, }j' l}i' long, sessile, or llie
lower narrowed into petioles; spikes very
densely flowere<l; (lowers about 2" broad,
sessile, bracteolate, the bractlets slightly
longer than the calyx; fruiting calyx 3"
long, closing over the fruit, its segments
linear, obtusish, their midribs much
thickened; fruit of 3 finely niuricate nut-
lets, and I larger smooth and shining nut-
let about l" long, attached to the recep-
tacle from the base to near the middle.
In dry soil, Ncirtluvest Terrilnrj- to Ne-
braska, Kansas, Texas and New Mexico.
Jiuu .\ug.
2. Cryptanthe Fendleri (A. Gray)
Greene. Fendler's Cryptanthe.
(Fig. 3028.)
K'rvnilzkia Fendiei i \. Cray, True. Atn. Acad.
20: 26S. 1S85.
Ci vfianllif I'endleri (ireene, I'iltonia, i: 1211.
i^^7.
ICrect, hispid; stem slender, panicnlntely
branched, 6'-i5' high. Leaves linear, or the
lowest linear-spalulate, 1' 2 ti' long; spikes
slender, bracteolate only at tlie base; flow-
ers sessile, 1" 2" broad; fruiting caly.>:
nearly closed, its segments linear, leaf like,
herbaceous, about 2" long; nutlets 4, all
alike, brown, smooth and shining, less than
\" long, attached to the receptacle from the
base to about the middle.
In dry snil, Nurtliwest Territory to Washing-
ton, south to Neljrfiska and .\ri/ima. June -Auk
6. OREOCARYA Greene, Pittonia, 1:57. 1887.
Perennial or biennial hispid or strigose-pnbescent herbs, mostly with thick woody roots,
alternate or basal narrow leaves, and small white racemose-paniculate or densely thyrsoid
flowers. Calyx very deeply 5-parted or 5-divided, the segments lanceolate, more or less
.spreading or recurved in fruit. Corolla fimnelform or salverforin, mostly crested in the
throat, 5-lobed. Stamens included. Ovary 4-diviiled; style mostly short. Nutlets 4, later-
ally attached to the receptacle, not keeled, their margins acute or winged. [Greek, moun-
tain nut.]
About 9 species, natives of western North .\merica and Mexico.
Inflorescence racemose paniculate: nutlets smooth. I. O. stiffi iilicosa.
Indorescence thyrsoid or thyrsoid Klonicrate; nutlets rough.
Corolla-tube not lonKerthan the calyx, little longer than the lobes.
Densely roUBli-hairy, f)'-i8' liiKh- 2- O- plumetala.
Silvery appressed-puhesceiit, ,V^)' hiK''. ,i. (>. seriiea.
Corolla-tube longer than the calyx, 2 or 3 times as long as the lobes. 4. ( '. fiih'Oiaiirsceiis.
58
BORAGINACEAE.
[Voi<. III.
1. Oreocarya suffruticdsa (Torn) Greene. Shrubby Oreocarya. (Fig. 3029.)
V. 2: 22,i
2<H.
"10:
2. Oreocarya glomerata (Pursli)
Greene. Clustered Oreocarya.
(Fig. 3030.)
Cyiioglossum glomeraliini Pursli, I'l. Am. Sept.
720. 181.).
El iliicliiiim qlmncralum DC. Prodr. lO: i\\.
18.(6.
K'l viiil-kia j^lnmera/a .\. Gniy, Proc. .\iu. .\c.ul.
20: 279. iss/j.
O. gliDHCiala Cufiif, Pittimi.i, i; 58. 18S7.
rercnnial or biennial, den.sely hispid; stem
erect, stout, .simple or branched, 6'-iS' high.
Leaves spatulate or the upper linear, obtuse,
I'-iYz' long, the basal comuiouly tufted; in-
florescence of thyrsoid clusters, the short dense
lateral spike-like clusters mostly longer than
the subtending bracts; calyx densely bristly;
corolla a'^-.s" broad; fruit pyramidal, the nut-
lets triangular-ovate, acute, acutely margined,
papillose on the back.
In dry soil, Matiitciba to the Northwest Terri-
tory, south to Nebraska, New Me.vico and I'tah.
May-Sept.
J\f}'os(}/is suff'ni/icdsa Torr. .\nn. I.yc. N.
1827.
K) ih ichiiim /aniesii Torr. in Marey's Kep.
■8.S.V
Jviynitzkia fainesii \. Ciray, Proc. .Vni. .Vcad.
27S. 1885.
Orei'iaiya siiffiulici'sa tirienc, Piltonia, l; 57. 18K7.
Perennial, rather stout, branched from the
base and sometimes also above, strigose-pubcs-
cent or somewhat hirsute, 5'-i2' high. I'pper
leaves linear, Ji'-i' long, the lower oblanceo-
late, somewhat longer, obtuse or acute; racemes
slender, panicled ; pedicels about i" long;
calyx canescent and somewhat hispid, the seg-
ments slightly spreading, or erect in fruit;
bractlets longer than the fruiting calyx; corolla
i/'i"-3" broad; its tube about equalling the
calyx; nutlets smooth, nearly 1" long, shining,
closely fitting together, triangular, acute-mar-
gined, nearly as wide as high.
In dry soil, western Nebr.-iska and Wyoming to
Te.xas and .\ri/.ona. May-.\uif.
3. Oreocarya sericea (A. Gray) Greene.
Low Oreocarya. (F"ig. 3031.)
Kriliichium fflonieraliim var. luninle A. (Iray,
Proc. .\m. .\ead. I0:6i. 1S7). Not I'. hiiinilpMC
A'l yiii/:Aia seiicca A. Cray, Proc. .\m. Acad. 20:
279. lSS,5.
Oiiocarya sericea Greene, Pittonia, i: .sS. i."^S7.
Perennial, low, tufted from the woody root;
stems usually simple, 3'-6' high, silvery ap-
pressed-pubescent, or hirsute above. Leaves
linear-spatulate, yi'-i' long, \"-\yi" wide, ob-
tuse or acutish, imbricated on the sliort sterile
shoots and at the bases of the flowering stems;
inflorescence thyrsoid or glomerate, usually
short; calyx densely hispid; corolia 2"-3"
broad, its tube not longer than the calyx; style
short; nutlets acutely margined, acute, papillose
on the back.
In dry soil. Northwest Territory to Nebraska and
flail, May-Sept.
BORAGE FAMILY.
59
4. Oreocarya fulvocanescens (A. Gray)
Greene. Tawny Oreocarya. (Fig. 3032.)
J'.i ill i, Ilium fulvocanescens A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
10: ()|. 1M74.
I'.iilricliiuvi i;l(imeialum var. (?) fulvocanescens S.
Wats. Hot. KiiiK's ICxp. 2|,i. fil. .;,: f y. iH-i.
(heocii) III fnlrociiniscensVihunv, I'lttniiia. 1:50. 1887.
rcreiinial, tufted, similar to the preceding species
but ileiisely strigo.se or hirsute. Leaves sputulate,
or oManceohitc, ohtusc, the lower and basal ones
I'-i'A' long; inflorescence of thyrsoid clusters;
calyx densely setose with yellowish hairs; corolla
about 2" broad, its tube longer than the calyx, 2 or
3 times the length of the lobes; style filiform; nut-
lets acutely margined, tul)erculate on the back.
In dry soil, westtrn Nebraska (accordiuK to Wtb-
bcr), Wyoming to Nevada and New Mexico. May-.\u({.
7. PNEUMARIA Hill, Veg. Syst. 7: 40. />/. jy. 1764.
A perennial fleshy glabrous glaucous diffusely branched herb, with alternate entire
leaves, aiul small blue pinkish or white flowers in loose terminal leafy-bracted racemes.
Calyx-lobes triangular -vatc or lanceolate, somewhat enlarging in fruit. Corolla tubular-
campanulate, crested in e throat, 5-lobed, the lobes imbricated in the bud, slightly spread-
ing, rilanients scarcely xscrtcd. Ovary 4divided; style slender. Nutlets erect, fleshy,
attached juist above their bases to the somewhat elevated receptacle, smooth, shining,
acutish-niargiued, becoming utricle-like when mature.
.V nioi'.otypii' tjcnus of seabe;iclies of tlie nortli
temperate zone.
X. Pneumaria maritima (Ty.) Hill. vSea
Linigwort. Sea Buglo.s.s. Oyster
Plant. (Fig. 3033.)
Puhnonaiia mari/inia I.. Sp I'l. 1,^6. 175.?.
I'neuinaria mariliina Hill, Veg. Syst. .(o. pi- 37- f. ^
176.).
Mertensta inarilinta S. F. dray, Nat. .\rr. Brit. PI. -^s^.
1821.
Pale green, the branches spreading or ascending,
3'-i5' long. Leaves thick, ovate, obovate, or oblong,
I '-4' long, acute or obtuse at the apex, narrowed at
the base, the lower and basal ones contracted into
margined petioles, the uppermost smaller; flow-
ers blue or nearly white, about 3" long, all pedi-
celled; pedicels very slender, 5"-iS" long; calyx
shorter than the corolla-tube; corolla with a crest
in the throat opposite each lobe; nutlets about as
long as the calyx-lobes when mature.
■^Oii seii-beaches, Long Island (?), Massachusetts to
Newfoundland and Greenland, Oregon to .\Iaska.
Also on the co.ists of ICurope and .Vsia. May-.Sei)t.
8. MERTENSIA Roth, Catal. Bot. i: 34. 1797.
Perennial glabrous or pubescent herbs, with alternate sometimes punctate leaves, and
rather large blue purple or white flowers, in panicles, cymes, or racemes. Calyx-lobes lan-
ceolate or linear, little enlarged in fruit. Corolla tubular-funnelform or trumpet-shaped,
crested or unappendagcd in the throat, its lobes obtuse, imbricated, little spreading. Stamens
inserted on the tube of the corolla, included, or scarcely cxsertcd; filaments flattened, or fili-
form; anthers oblong or linear, obtuse. Ovary 4(livided; style filiform. Nutlets erect,
coriaceous, wrinkled when mature, attached above their bases to the convex or nearly Bat re-
ceptacle. [In honor of Prof. C. F. Mcrtcns, a German botanist.]
.\bout 14 species, natives of the northern hemisphere, liesides the following, .•? others occur
in the western part of North .\merica. The species are called Smooth Lungwort.
Corolla trumpet-shaped, not crested in the throat, the limb barely .'Jlobcd. i. ^^. Virginica.
Corolla funnelform-campanulate, crested in the throat, the limb manifestly 5-lobcd.
Stem-leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. 2. AT. paniculata.
Stem-leaves oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or acute. 3. M. lanceolata.
nORAGINACRAE.
[Vol,. III.
I. Mertensia Virginica (L,.) DC. Vir-
ginia Cowslip. Tree Lungwort.
Blue-bells. (Fig. 3034.)
J'uhiionai ia Vhginica L. Sj). I'l. i,Vi- 175,1.
Merleinia I'iixhiica DC. I'rodr. lo: SS. ii<.\(>.
Glabrous; stem erect, or ascending, simple or
sometimes branched, i°-2" high, rather stout.
Leaves oblong, oval, or obovatc, pinnatcly
veined, obtuse at the apex, 2'-$' long, the up-
permost sessile, the lower narrowed into mar-
gined petioles; racemes short, corymb-like; ped-
icels 2"-6" long; flowers blue-purple, very
showy, about I'long; calyx-lobes oblong-lanceo-
late, obtusish, 1" long or less; corolla trumpet-
shaped or nearly salvcrform, its tube cylindric,
a little expanded above, longer than the 5-lobcd
plaited limb, pubescent at the base within, not
crested in the throat; clisk with two opposite lin-
ear lobes; filaments tiliform, much longer than
the anthers; nutlets not shining, rounded.
In low niiadows and along stnanis, souHiftn On-
tario to New Jersey and South Carolina, Mitniesota, Nebraska and Kansas. Mardi-May.
2. Mertensia panicul^ta (Ait.) Don. Tall Lungwort. (Fig. 3035.)
p. paniculala \'\i. Hort. Kt-w. i: iSi. 17S9,
Mertensia pamculala Don, Gen. Sysl. 4: ,518. i8,v*<.
Roughish-pubescent, dark green; stem erect,
branched above, iM°-3° high, the branches
slender. Leaves thin, pinnatcly veined, those
of the stem ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acumi-
nate at the apex, narrowed at the base, 2'-$'
long, the lower narrowed into sleniler petioles;
basal leaves ovate, rounded or cordate at the
base; racemes several-flowered, panicled; pedi-
cels filiform, 4'''-lo" long; flowers purple-blue,
g//_y// long; calyx-lobes lanceolate, acute; cor-
olla tubular-campauulate, crested in the throat,
the tube about twice as long as the calyx and
exceeding thes-lobed limb; fllaments flattened,
slightly longer than the anthers; style filiform,
usually somewhat exserted; nutlets rounded.
In woods or thickets, Hudson Bay to Alaska,
south to Michigan, Nebraska, and in the Kocky
Mountains to Colorado and Utah. ]uly-AuK.
3. Mertensia lanceolata (Pursh) DC.
Lance-leaved Lungwort. (Fig. 3036.)
/'. lanceolala Pursh, Kl. .\in. Sept. 729. i,'^i4.
Merlonia lanceolala HC. Prodr. lo: 88. 1846.
Glabrous or somewhat hirsute; stem simple or
branched, slender, 6'-l8' high. Leaves papil-
lose, indistinctly veined, light green, the upper
lanceolate, acute, sessile or slightly clasping at
the base, the lower oblong or oblanceolate,
obtuse, 3'-4' long, narrowed into margined peti-
oles; r.icemes few- flowered, usually panicled;
flowers blue, ^"-b" long; pedicels 3"-7" long;
calyx-lobes lanceolate, obtuse, or acutish; cor-
olla tubular-campanulate, the tube longer than
the calyx and longer than the 5-lobed limb, hairy
at the base within, the throat crested; filaments
a little longer than the anthers; style filiform,
scarcely exserted.
In thickets, western Nebraska to Manitoba,
Wyoming and New Mexico, June-Aug.
Vol. III.]
BORAGE I'AMILY.
6l
DC.
■)
\0^
g. ASPERUGO L. Sp. PI. 138. 1753.
An annual rouj;h-liispi(l procuml)cnt herb, with alternate entire leaves, of the upper-
most sometimes opposite, and small blue or nearly white flowers, short-pe(licelle<l and 1-3
together in the upper axils. Calyx campanulatc, unequally 5-cleft, much enlarged and
folded together in fruit, the lobes incised-dentate. Corolla tubular-canipanulate, 5-lobcd,
the lobes imbricated. Stamens 5, included, inserted on the corolla-tube; filaments very
short. Ovary 4-dividcd; style short; stigma capitate. Nutlets 4, ovoid, erect, granular-tnber-
culate, keelc.l, laterally attached above the middle
to the elongatcil-contc receptacle. [Latin, rough,
referring to the leaves.]
A nioiiotypic Kitius of Ivunipc and Asia.
1. Asperugo procumbens L,. German
Madwort. Catchweed. (Fig. 3037.)
Aifierui^o fudcuuihens h. Sp. PI. 138. 175.V
Stems slender, branched, diffusely procumbent,
6'-i.S' long, very rough with stiff bristly hairs.
Leaves oblong, lanceolate, or the lower spatulate,
obtuse or acutish at the apex, >^'-i>i' long, the
lower narrowed into margined petioles; flowers
very short-pe<licelled, about i" broad, blue, the
pedicels recurved in fruit; fruiting calyx dry and
membranous, strongly veined, J["-f>" broad; nut-
lets obliquely ovoid.
Ill wasli- j)lat-es and ballast, soutlKTti N'ew York,
Nuw Jtrsrv. Dc'laware and rtiiiisylvania. Also in Mill-
ni'siiiii. A(lvintivi- from Iviiropc. CalUd a'sn .Small
Wild HukIoss and liiiat CoosL-Krass. May-A iff.
10. MYOSOTIS L. Sp. PI, 131. 1753.
Low annual biennial or perennial, more or less pubescent, branching, diffuse or erect
herbs, with alternate entire leaves, and small blue pink or white flowers in many-flowered
elongated bractless more or less i -sided racemes, or these sometimes leafy at the base.
Calyx ,s-cleft, the lobes narrow, spreading or erect in fruit. Corolla salverform, the limb
5-lobcd, the lobes convolute in the bud, rounded, the throat crested. Stamens 5, included,
inserted on the corolla-tube; filaments fdiforni; anthers obtuse. Ovary 4-divided, style fili-
form. Nutlets erect, glabrous or pilose, attached by their bases to the receptacle, the scar of
attachment small, flat. [Greek, mouse-ear.]
About ,v=5 species of wide Keopiapliic distribution. licsidcs tlie following, i or 2 others occur in
the southern and western i)arts of North .\iiierica. Called I'orKet nie-iiot and Scorpion-Krass.
Hairs of the calyx all straijflit; perennial -waiiin or brook plants.
Calyx lobes shorter than llie tube; eoroUa .^ '-)" broad.
C.ilyx lobes as Iouk as the tube; corolla 2"-,^" broad.
Hairs of the calyx, or some of tlieni, with hooked tips; annuals or biennials.
Fruiting pedicels longer than the calyx.
i'ruitiiiK pedicels njt louKcr than the calyx.
Calyx lobes equal; corolla yellowish, changing to blue. 4. AT. -ersicolor.
Calyx lobes une(iual; corolla white. 5. ,1/. Virginica.
^n I. Myosotispalustris (ly.) Lam. Forget-me-
^^i^^^^'^^'^^") "°*" ^lou^e-ear Scorpion-grass. (Fig. 3038).
"'^^^^ - ^ ,^ ^fyosolissci>r(>ioidiS\",\r. paluslrisl, Sp. PI. 1,51. 175,^.
Jft'oso/is paliislris I,am. Fl. I'r. 2: 283. 1778.
Appressed-pubescent, perennial, with slender
rootstocks or stolons; stems slender, decumbent,
rooting at the lower nodes, 6'-i8'' long. Leaves
oblong, oblanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse,
narrowed at the base, i'~y long, i"-(i" wide,
those of the stem sessile or very nearly so, or the
lower petioled; racemes loosely luany-flowered;
pedicels longer than the calyx; calyx with straight
apprcssed hairs, it lobes equal, triangular-ovate,
acute, shorter than the tube, spreading in fruit;
corolla blue with a yellow eye, the limb flat, },"-\"
broad ; nutlets angled and keeled on the inner side.
In brooks and marshes. Nova Scotia to southern
New York and Pennsylvania. Escaped frori cultiva-
tion. Native of Kurope and Asia. Called also Marsh
Scorpion-grass, Snake-grass and Love-rae. May-July.
1. M. pal II at lis.
2. Jf. laxa.
3. AT. a>:ensis.
BORAGINACKAE.
2. Myosotis laxa Lehm
Forget-me-not. (Fig.
[Vol.. II [.
Smaller
3039- )
Afyosc/i.': la.ia I.cliin. A-iprrif. 8.v i8is.
A/foso/is palusliis var. lata .\. Orav, Man. VA. 5,
■,V)5- 186;.
rcrcnnial, nppressecl-pubcsceiit, similar to the
preceding; species; stems decumbent, sprcadiii):;,
rooliiig at the nodes, b'-io' long. Leaves ob-
long, obloMg-lanceolate or spatulate, obtuse;
racemes very loosely many-flowered; pedicels
spreading, much longer than the fruiting calyx;
hairs of the calyx straiglit, appressed, its lobes
ecjual, ovate-lanceolate, acutish, sjireadiiig in
fruit, (|uite as long as the tube; corolla blue with
a yellow eye, its limb concave, about 2" broad;
nutlets conve.t on both Ihc inner and outer sides.
Ill wit muddy p^ui"*. NewrnuuJlaiul to Oiitarin,
south t(i Virjtiiiia and 'iVniiCisct . .\lso in liiirdix-.
.\sctiKls to vS'ii) fl- in Virginia. May July.
.;i .... ,>
3. Myosotis arvensis (L. ) Lam. Field
Scorpion-grass, or Mouse-ear. (Fig. 3040. j
Afyaso/is Sioi pioit/r< var. nityiisit J,. Sp. I'l i ;i. 175,!.
Mjosii/is ui-L'insis I.atn. I'l. Fr. 2: 285. 1778.
.Vnnual or biennial, hirsute-pubescent; stem
erect, branched, 6'-i3' high, liasal and lower
leaves oblanceolate, obtuse, pctioled or sessile;
stem leaves mostly oblong or oblonglanceolale,
obtuse or acutish at the apex, narrowed to the
sessile base, '/<'-\}i' long, 2"-4" wide; racemes
loosely flowered; fruiting pedicels longer than the
calyx; hairs of the calyx, or some of them, with
mimitely hooked tips, the lobes eciual, erect, or con-
nivent in fruit, triangular-lanceolate, acute, about
as long as the tube; corolla blue or white, the
limb concave, i"-l,'^" broad; nutlets convex on
the outer side, somewhat keeled on the inner.
In fields, N'lW Brunswick to western Ontario and
Minnesota, south to Wrsl Virjriiiia. I'erliaps not
indigenous. Also in Kuropi-. Jiiik-.\uk.
4. Myosotis versicolor (Pers.) Reichenb. Yellow and Bltie Scorpion-grass.
(Fig. 3041.)
.1/. (?r:r«,t/.t var, P) rr;.t;V'iA)r I'lrs. ,Syii. i: 156. iSo.S-
Mjosniis rrrsiiii/or Keiclu lib, I'l, IJxc. I: 541. iS^o.
.Smith, Knul. Hot. /. ./\'/
Annual, hirsute-pubescent, often much branch-
ed from the base, and sometimes also above;
stems slender, erect or ascending, 4'- 12' high.
Leaves oblong, obtuse or obtusish, sessile, or
the lower spatulate and narrowed into mar-
gined petioles; racemes slender, sometimes
bracted at the base; pedicels shorter than the
fruiting calyx, erect; calyx equally 5-cleft, the
lobes equal, linear-lanceolate, erect or connivent
in fruit, longer than or equalling the tube, tlic
hairs or some of them with minutely hooked
tips; corolla pale yellow changing to violet or
blue, its limb about 1" broad; nutlets convex on
the outer, slightly keeled ou the inner side.
In fields and alon^^ roadsides, southern New York
to Delaware. Naturalized from Kurope. May-July.
Vol.. III.]
BORAGE FAMILY.
5. Myosotis Virginica ( h. ) B.S. P. Spring
or Ivarly Scorpion-grass. (Hig. 3042.)
/.ycopsis l'irf,'i>iitii t.. Sp. I'l. i,vi I7,s,i.
Mynmlh ifiini Nutt. ficii. 2; .■Vdil. iH|S.
A/ji>su/is riij;i>iiiu II. S. V. rrcl. Cat. N. Y. ,^7. iSSS
Anminl or hieiinial, liirsule-pubesceiit or hispid,
erect, hraticbcii, .^'-15' liigli, tlie bninclics erect.
Leaves oblong or liiieur-ohloii};, sessile, 3" -12"
loiij;, obtuse, or the lower spatulate and narrowed
into short petioles; racemes nsually l)racted at the
base, strict; j)ciliccls asccndinj.; or erect, or slightly
spreading at tlie apex, shorter than the fruiting
calyx; calyx somewhat 2-lippcd, iinetiually .s-i'lcft,
the lobes lanceolate, acute, lonj;cr than tlie tube,
connivent in fruit, very hispid, the hairs, or most
of them, with minutely liooked lijis; corolla white,
the limb ijz" broad or less; nutlets convex on the
back, sli),'litly keeled and maigincd on the inner
side.
On ihy hills and banks, Maine and southern ( )ntarii
to Minncsiita, south to Florida and Te.ias. .Vpril-June
II. LITHOSPERMUM L. Sp. PI. 132. 1753.
Annual or perennial, erect branchin)^ or rarely simple, jnibcscent hirsute or hispid herbs,
with alternate entire leaves, and small or lar^e, white yellow or blue flowers in leafy-bractcd
spikes or racemes. Calyx 5-partc<l or 5-cleft, the scj;iiiciits or lobes narrow. Corolla fun-
nclform or salverform, 5-lobe(l, naked, pubescent or crested in the throat, the lobes entire or
erose-denticnlate, the tube sometimes pubescent at the liase within. Stamens 5, included,
inserted on the throat of the corolla; filaments short. Ovary 4-divided; style slender, or fili-
form; stigma cai)itate, or 2-lobed. Nutlets 4, or fewer, erect, white, smooth and shining, or
brown and wrinkled, attached by their bases to the nearly flat recei>tacle, the scar of attach-
ment not concave. [Greek, slonc-seed, from the hard nutlets.]
About |o spec its, natives iif tile iiDithi rn lRinis]ilu n , a I'l w in Snutli .Xnicrica and .\frica. He-
sidi sthi InlliiwiiiK:. sonic 7 (illii rsmcur in thi siiiitlicrn anil snutliwestirii jjartsnf tin t'nitod .States.
CmoUa wliitc nr yi llowisli. its tube sluittcr tliaii or r(|UalliiiK llu calyx; Ilowcrs distant.
NiitUts brown, wriiikU-d ami pitted; aniuial or biiiiiiial.
NutUls wliitr. sniootli and shining; pi n iinials.
I.iavi s lanceolate, aciili ; nutlrt>i ovoid.
Leaves ov.itc, aciiniinati-; nutlets globose iivoid.
Corolla ilull yellow, its tub; longer than tlie caly.\; leavis lanceulati-; flowers dense.
Corolla brigiit y( How. its tube nuicli longer tli.ui the calyx; (lowers dense.
Corolla-lobes (.mire; flowers all complete.
Hispid puheseeiit; corolhi tube bearded at tlu base within.
Hirsute, somewhat cam scent; corolla tube not hearded at the base within, (t.
Corolla-lobes erose-deuticul.ite; later Ilowcrs cleistoBanious
I. Lithospermum arvense L. Bastard
Alkanet. Corn Groinwell. (Fig. 3043.)
I.ilhi>.if>e) mum a rzense I,. .Sp. I'l. 152. 1753.
Annual or biennial, appres.sed-pubescent; stem
erect, usually branched, 6'-2o' high. Leaves
bri^jht green, lanceolate, linear or linear-oblong,
sessile or the lowest short-petioled, mostly ap-
presscd, obtuse or acutish at the apex, narrowed
at the base, indistinctly veined, li'-ij^' long,
'i"~i" wide, the uppermost smaller; flowers
sessile or very ttearly so in the spikes, becom-
ing distant, white, about 3" long; calyx-seg-
ments linear-lanceolate, longer than or equal-
ling the corolla-tube; corolla funnclform, puber-
ulcut in the throat; nutlets brown, wrinkled
and pitted, glabrous, about i" high, convex on
the back, keeled on the inner side, one-third to
one-half the length of the calyx-segments
In waste places and fields, Quebec to Ontario and
Michigan, south to Georgia and Kansas. Natural-
ized from Europe. Native also of Asia. Called
also Pearl-plant and Salfern-stoneseed. May-Aug.
I. /.. ill I'eiise.
I.. ojHihiale.
/,. lali/nlimn.
/.. pHositni.
L. Oi'ielini.
A. canrsiiiis,
I.. iiHi;ii.\/i/o/iiim.
64 nORAGINACKAH. [Vol. III.
a. Lithospermum officinale L. Groimvcll. ( Imj?. .^044. )
/.ilhospennum i>fti(hiiile I,. Sp. I'l. t,(.'. \~Si.
reri'iinial, finely piit)criilent; stem usiinlly
iinicli brniiched, 2°-4° liiK'i. leafy. Leaves lan-
ceolate or oliloiiK-lanceolatc, acute at the apex,
narrowed at tlie hase, few-veined, sessile, 1)2'-
4' loiiKi .■^"-li" wi<lc, the upper surface lough;
(lowers yellowish-white, ahout 2" lou).;, sessile;
calyx-sej^nients linear-laiiceolate, about ccpial-
linn the corolla tube; corolla funnelforin, crested
in the throat; style about as louj; as the stamens;
nutlets, when mature, white, smooth, shining,
about i,'i'' higli, ovoid, obtuse, more than one-
half as long as the calyx-segments, seldom all
ripening.
In fiilils and waste places, Ontario tn southern
New Yuik, west to Mitimsota. Plant grayish. Nat
urabic<l Irciiii Ivuropc. Native also of Asia. CalUd
alsn Cravtnilc, I.itllcwale and IVarlplant. Sl.iy-
AUK.
3. Lithospermum latifdlium Michx.
American Groinwc'll. ( Hi^. 3045. j
J.illiosftriniuin lali/olium Jliohx. I'"l. lior. .\ni. l:
I'ercnnial, rough-pubernlent; stem branched,
2°-3° high, the I'ranches long and slender.
Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate nt
tlie apex, pinnately veined, 2'-,s' long, l'-2'
wide, or the uppermost smaller; llowers yellow-
ish white or pale yellow, 2"~3" long, few, soli-
tary, distant; calyx-segments linear-lanceolate,
about as long as tlie corolla; corolla funnelforin,
crested in the throat; style shorter than the
stamens; nutlets white, shining, globose-ovoid,
about 2" long, more than one-half as long as
the calyx-segments.
In dry thickets and fields, Oiitarii) and western
New York to .Minnesota, south to Virginia and
Arkansas. May.
Lithospermum
Woolly Groniwell.
pilosum Xutt.
(Kig. 3046.)
IJlhoapermnm piUnuni Niitt. Juurn. Phil. .\cad. 7:
43- i^Vt-
I.tlhospti >num Toiicyi Nutt. loc. cit. 44. 1834.
rereunial from thick roots, hirsute, rather pale
green; stems usually stout and clustered, very
leafy, .S'-iS' high. Leaves lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate, 2'-4' lotig, 2"-5" wide, gradually acu-
minate to the apex, narrowed at the base, sessile,
indistinctly veined; flowers dull yellow, very
numerous and crowded in a terminal leafy thyr-
sus; calyx-segments densely hirsute, shorter than
the cylindric corolla-tube; corolla-salverform, the
throat pubcrulent below each lolic; style longer
than the filaments; nutlets ovoid, acute, white,
shining, about i" long.
Western Nebraska (according to Williams), Mon-
tana to the Northwest Territory, British Columbia
and California. May-July.
aitt.
.)
Acad. 7:
i.'<l,
34-
her pale
very
linear-
lly acu-
scssile,
very
Py thyr-
cr than
rtn, the
longer
white,
i), Mon-
ilumbia
Vol.. Ill J
IIORACH I'AMn.V.
6$
5. Lithospermum Gmelini ( Michx. ) A. vS. Hitchcock. Hairy or Gtudiii's
I'uccoon. ( I'iv;. 3047. )
inilsi hill Ciiiii/iiifiisis Ciiul SvHi. 2 I'iiil I, <i5. I7i>i.
Not /.i//iii\/>i I iiiiini (in III in it nil III I.iiiii. l^'^l.
Jliil\,liiii (iiiiclini .Miilix I'l. IIdi. Am, l: I V'. I">",V
J.illiii\f>i I tniini liiiliiiii l.ilim As|nril" V'i. i'*i!^
A, ti'iiiiiiiii \. S. Ililclu-. S|iiiiitf I'M. Maiili. V'. iHgj.
rcremiial, hispid i)iil)i'>ci'iit, or scaliroiis; sti-iiis
usually clustcrfd, ratlier stout, siiupK-, or brauclicd
al)ove, I "-2' Iiik''. very loafy. Leaves laiu'folnte,
sessile, obtuse or aeule at tlie apex, narrowed at
the base, 2'-j' loiijj, the lowest cuniiiioiily reduced
to apjircssed scales, the uppermost oljlotif;; tlowcrs ,_ Ss:V\'
6"-.S" lotiK, ill ilense short tenniiial leafy racemes, — "^ y\ »!
dimorphous: pedicels l"-3" loiif;; calyx-seamen
linear-lanceolate, shorter than the tube of the
orange-yellow salverform corolla; corolla-lobes en-
lire, rounded, the throat crested, the tube bearded
at the base within liy 10 hirsute teeth; nutlets
white, shinitiK, about 2" hij;h, ovoid, very much
sliorter than the calyx-segments.
In dry woods, western New \urk Id I'lorida, Miinie-
sota, Colorado and New Mexico. April Jiuie.
l^^/-
Lithospermum canescens (Michx
Hoary Piiccooii. ( Kip. 3048. )
ii'iii Micli.\. l'"l. Ilor. .\ni. l: l.^o. />/.
) Lehin.
Jliil^iliiii caiic\
It. 180V
l.ilhiiipei iiiMiii canescrns l<eliin. Asperif. 305. 1818.
Perennial, hirsute, somewhat canescent, at
least when young; stems solitary or clustc
simple or often branched, 6'-iS' high. Leaves
oblong, linear-oblong, or linear, obtuse or acu-
tish at the apex, sessile by a narrowed base,
'-•'-' /j' long, 2"-5" wide, the lowest often re-
duced to apprcssed scales; flowers about 6"
long, sessile, numerous in dense short leafy
racemes, dimorphous; calyx-segments linear-
lanceolate, shorter than the tube of the orange-
yellow salverform corolla; corolla crested in the
throat, its lobes rounded, entire, itstid)e glandu-
lar Init not bearded at the base within; nutlets
white, smooth, shining, acutish, much shorter
than the calyx-segments.
Ill dry Soil, Ontario to wisttru New Jersey and
.■\laban\a. west to the Northwest Territory, Kansas
and .\rizona. April-June.
7. Lithospermum angustifdlium Michx.
Narrow-leaved Pticcoon. (Fig. 3049.)
/,. aiigiisli/oliiim Michx. 1"1. Ilor. \m. i; Ijo- i"*o.i-
Perennial by a deep root, strigose-pubescent
and scabrous; stem branched, 6'-2'' high, the
branches erect or asceiuling. Leaves linear, sessile,
acute or acutish, ,'^'-2' long, i,'i"-2^i" w'de; flow-
ers of two kinds, in terminal leafy raceun-^; corolla
of the earlier ones salverform, about l' long, bright
yellow, the tube 3-5 times as long as the linear-lan-
ceolate calyx-segments, the lobes erose-denticulate,
the throat crested, the base of the tube not bearded
within; later flowers (sometimes all of theni) much
smaller, pale yellow, cleistogamous, abundantly fer-
tile, their pedicels recurved in fruit; nutlets white,
smooth, shining, ovoid, i|^'''-2" high, more or less
pitted, keeled on the inner side.
In dry soil, especially on prairies, Manitoba to Illi-
nois, Kansas and Texas, west to British Cuhuubia, Utah
and Arizona. April-July.
66
nORACINACICAl-;.
[Vol.. III.
12. ONOSMODIUM Michx. 1-1. IJor. Am. i: i.V- 1H03.
lVrtiiiii:il stout liis)iiil or liirsiilc liraiicliin^ lurl>s, with alliTii.ili- fiiliri- slronnly vfiiifil
li'iivfs, iiiid nillior siinll \ i-llouisli or ^ri'ciii.sli white iiniliMdj^ynons llowcrs, in Icriniiiiil Iriify-
liractcd scorpioiil spiki'S or rn-i'iiics. Cilyx deeply s-piirtL'd, the se^jiiieiits narrow. I'orollii
tidiular or tidiular-riuinelloiiii, ,s lol'ed, the loins ereit, the throat not .'i|ipenila^e<1, the sin-
lises: slightly iiiflixed, the tnhe with a (.;landidar lo-loliecl haml within at the Iiase. St.iniens
5, inserted on the tnhe or thmat of the eoroll.i, inclnded; lilanients shoit. Ov.iry l paited;
style lilil'orin, exserldl. Nnllets .(, or eoninionly only I or 2 perteelin);, ovoid, sometimes
spiirinj^ly pitted, shining, sniooih, while, attaehcd liy the hase to the nearly Hat reecptaele,
the sear of att.iehment sm.ill, Hat. |(ireek, like ii;/()\///,;, or ass-smell. |
Ahont Ti speeies, naliv<'s if North Aiiieiie.i find .Mc.\ieo. Ili sidi s the I'nlluw hiK, -' <)llurs mcui
ill the sonlliwe.slerii I'liilei! Stalls.
Leaves acute; stem liirsuti-.
Plant >;n en; liaim loiiy and slia^'^y; niitlels ovoid, i' " Icmv;. i. (). Ciiioliiiiiiiiiiin.
Plant pale; liaiis 'ImiI li i and ^oll, mitUts ovoid nlnliiive. •" loilK. -'. ' '■ iih'llr.
Leaves oliUlse; stini apple-i^-ed hispid. (. ('. I'it y,i iiiiliiiiiii .
I. Onosmodium Carolinianum (
( 1' iK-
J.UIiosfifi iiiiiiii < 'ii rot i Ili •mil III I, am. 'I'ahl. l^n
eyel i; V.7. |-,i|i.
()iin\iii,i,/iiiiii ('ill fliiiiiiiiinii DC. I'iikIi. 10:70.
l.S|(,.
Spreading; hirsnie with ron^h hristly hairs;
stem slont, nsn.dly mneh hranehed, 1" ,V'
hi^h, the liraiiehes asceiidini;. Leaves lan-
ceolate, ovatcdaneeolate or oMonj;, acnle or
aoiiininate at the aiiex, narroweil to the ses-
sile hase, 5 9-rilihcd, 2' .\'i' Ion;;, Ji' !'•'
wide; llowcrs very nnmerons and crowded;
pedicels 1" 2" lon)^ in frnit ; calyx se^nienls
linear, ncnlc, scnnewhat shorter lliaii the
corollatuhc; corolla ycUowish-wliitc, puhcs-
cciil outside, about ,s" loiii;, its lohrs trianj;n-
lar lanceolate, acute, ahinil one half as lonj;
ns the tidie; nntlels ohtnse, idiont i,'j" lon.i;.
In <hv liclil'i (rr lliiik< ts, m on b.niks, Onl.irio
anil wcvtiin N'lw \iiik lo Minmsnt 1, sonlli lo
<'.eoiv;ia anil Tixas. .Asernds lo .i.i«i tt. -.i
Virninia. M.iy Jnly.
I.aiii.) DC. ohaKKV l''alse (lioiiiwcll.
2. Onosmodium molle Michx.
vSolt-li.iiry l-'al.sc ( irmmvL'll.
Oiio\iii,:,liii III III, ill,' .Miili.v. I'l. liiM. Am. I. \ \\.
I'l.i,. I.S.J.
OiioMiiiHliiiiii ( ,11 III ill ill II II III var. iiiulle A.
C.t.iy, .Syii. I-"I. i. I'iiit 1, .'.<i. 1.S7S.
Similar to the preceding; species, lint nsii
ally lower, i' j" lii^li, canescent, at least
when voniij;, ]):dc J^rein, the pnhescelice soft
and shorter, that of the leaves appressed.
Leaves smaller, ovaii 'iancr(d.ite, / .' j' lon^;,
sessile; coiulla-Iolies usually less than one-
half the length ol the ..ilie; nutlets larger,
^lohose ovoid, fnily 2" liij;ll.
On piairiis. Miinilnha .nid llie NoMliwest
'rrtriliiry In Illinuis, Kansas, T..xas and I'lali.
Ally July.
:h\.
least
If soft
ISSCll.
1<"'K.
Dllf-
llWl'Sl
Mali.
■MUACl' I'AMII.V
67
3. Onosinodium Virginianum (I,.) 1>C.
\ii^;iiii:i l''iilsc Ciroiiuvcll. (Fi^. 3')52.)
I illio\f>(-i miKti I 'hi; hill mini I, S|>. I'l. I,<2. 1751-
(hii'\iiii',ltiiin l'i>f;iiiiiiiiiif)i DC. I'lixl'. 10:71). iS|(i.
Di-iisclv iipiJicsscd-Iiisiiiil with sliK' liairs; stem
r.illiur sli'iiilir, usiiiiUy biJiiii'licil iiliovi-, 1" 2'."
lii);li. I.tii\i'Sii))l(Hi^;, iiviil, oroliloiij^-laiicfolalc, <il)-
llisc, sissilf, 1' i' loll!;, or tlir lowrr iililiilui-olali-,
ai'iilisli anil iiai idwimI iiilo petioles; caly \-su).;iiieiits
lincar-Iaiu'eolalc, aciiiiiiiiate; corolla ijliiiiliic or
neatly so, yellowisli-wliile, alionl .\" lon^;, tlic loljesi
laneeolate, aiMiiniinile, tii'iirly as lollK as tlic tnlie,
stri).;<isc witlioiit; luillels ovoiil, ohtnve or oMnsisli,
1" I "j" lon^.
Ill iliv lliiiliil-. ni 1)11 liillsiilcs, New ICiiKlaml to I'ln!
ill. I, I'lniisylvaiiia. Kmii-.:is ami Texas, .\^e^ mis lu n^ n
n. ill X'lmiiiia. May July.
13. SYMPHYTUM I<. Si>. I'l. i.v.. 1753.
iMeel coarse ronj^li liany ]ieieniiial luaiieliiiiK lieilis, willi thick nim'ila).;iMons rimls, ,il-
lernale iiitiii- leaves, tliiise of the stfiii ninsllv claspinj;, the li|);ieniiost tenilitl^.; to la- op-
JHisite, the lower Ioii);|ieliohc|. Mouers yellow, hliie, or purple, in temiitial simple or
I'orkeil seoi|iioii| lai eiiu ■ . (."ahx ilee)ily s-clell. Corolla tiilinlar, slif^litly ililaleil aliove,
S-lolied, the lohes slioil, 'he Ihro.il uith 5 ctesls hclow the lohes. Slaineits 5, itlelinleil, iii-
serteil on the coiolla title; hhinniils slemler. Ovary .|-i\iviileil; style lilifornt. Nutlets .),
oliliipielv ovoiil, sli;;hlly mciii viil, \\ 1 ink hi I, inset ti'il liy their liases on lite Hat reeepl.ide, the
sc.ir 111 the altaehineii' hroail, eoncave, ileiil.ile. [C.ieek, nrow-to;.;elher, lioni ils siipposeil
licaliiij.; vi Uies. |
AliiMil i,s s|)i iii-<, iial;M-. of till olil Woilil.
I. Synii>hytum oniciiiitlc \,. CniiiriLV.
I kalill).; !lil ll. ( V'\i\. _v ',5.1- •
.Svii:/'/n /"III •■//!, iiiii.'r 1,. .Sp I'l, I -.ii. I7s,i.
Koiits thick, ileiji; stent erect, liraiicheil, 2 '-
X' liiKh. I.e.ives lanceolate, nvalelanceolate,
or the lower ovale, jiiniialeh- viine.l, \' u/
ll
\^.
or the lower ovale, jnniialeh- veineil, \' u/ ^»^^'-->l'\ t'-M' / j y'/^it\y'''-- t '
loii^;, acute or iieiini'. late at the :i|i( \, ii.inouiil /.^ ,''/]'^\ I '%//// /f.V''^^^''-'^-'C
into iii.ir^oneil petioles, or llie iipperniost /' '*^ >. ; I < V S \ a'A '/ / A *
smaller .mil sessile, ileciirreiit on the stem; / ' * I \ \ f ''Vj .A'
petioles of Ihe liasal leaves sometimes 1 j' loiij;; / , I \ \/-\ / ' ' i/^' /I
lliiwers nnmeroiis, in ileiise raerini r. or clusters; \ ~-i.t •
peilicels 2" \" lonv;; ialyxse^;nients ovate or "'^
oviilelaneeiilale, aeiile or acuminate, nincli /
shoiler th.in the corolla; corolla yellowish or
purplish, 0" in" Ion j;; nut Ids la o\\ 11, shin it ij;,
sli;;htly wiinkleil, i." hinli- \
In wa-le places, NrwfiMMiillaMil In Miinicula,
siiiilli tu .M.iiyl.iiiil. Nat\ii;ili/i ll m aiUriiti\e truiii
l{iiiii;ii .N.ilive alsiior Asia. June \\\v.- C'alleil
.ilsn I'.H k or lllack Willi, IliuiseA'oit, Knit hack,
llMlll-., t,
14 BORAGO I,. .Sp. IM. 137. 175.V
lliisiile 111 hispiil .■iiimial 01 liieiinial lii.inchinj,' hcrlis, with alti'inati entire h .ives, .ami
showy liliie llowcis, in teriiiinal loose leafy r.lcemes. Caly\ ileeply .S-elell or spartcil.
I'oroll.i rotate, the tube very shoit, the throat closeil liv scales, tlie liinh ,s IoIhiI, the lolies
iniliricaleil, .iciiti-. .Slaiiieiis ,s, iiiseileil on the corolla tlilie; filanu ills ililatcil l)<low, nar-
loweil aliove into a slcn.li r appeiiilaj;e; .anthers linear, erect, .mil eonnivent into a cone.
Ovary | iliviileil; style lililniin. Niillels .}, o\oiiI, ereel, attaclieil liy their liases to the Hit
receptacle, the sea of attachiiietit l.irj;e, concave. [Middle l.iilin, luiriii, roiijjh hair, alliid-
in^^ to the f.illane. I
'I'liiie spi lie-., n. lives of tin- Meililii 1.1111 an tcKiuii.
68
HORACINACl'AH. [Vol.. III.
I. Borago officinalis I<. Borage.
(I'lK- 3'''54-)
/iiint^d o//iii>iti/i\ I,. Sj). I'l. I,;;. 17,S.V
Stein erect, l)iaiiche(l, i"-2'i" lii^li, tlie
hraiiclics spreading or asci'iidiii^;. Leaves
obloiij; to obovate, acute or obtuse at the
apex, 2'-5' loiif^, uarroweil into inarj^jineil
petioles, or the upper smaller, ovate-lanceo-
late, sessile or partly claspin>;; flowers S"-
lo" broad, pedicels rather stout, i '2'-2'
loiij,', sprcadinj; or recurving; calyx-seg-
ments lanceolate, nearly erect in fruit;
corolla bri};ht blue, the lobes ovate-lanceo-
late; the cone of anthers darker, about 3"
lonj.;; nutlets 2" liiK'i-
In wasti jilaccs, tsiapcd rniin yardiiis, Nova
Sidtia lip Ontario ami riiin>-ylvania. Native of
sout'.RTn lUiropc. J\nK-,St]il.
15. LYCOPSIS L. Sp. PI. i.vS. 1753.
Annual bristly-hisj)id branched erect or dilfuse herbs, with alternate leaves, and small
bine or bluish flowers, in dense leafv-bracted terminal s]>ike-like scorpioid racemes. Calyx
5-parted. Corolla slij,ditly irregular, salverform, the tube curved, the limb somewhat un-
equally 5-lobed, the lol)es obtuse, imbricated, the throat closeil by hispid scales. Stamens
5, included, inserted on the tube of the corolla; fdamcnts short; antliL-rs obtuse at each end.
Ovary .j-dividcd; style fdiform. Nutlets ,4, wrinkled, erect, attached by '.heir bases to the
flat rece])tacle, the sciir of attachment concave. [Creek, wolf-face.]
Aliout I -iH'cics, natives cf tin- Old World,
vte"
I. Lycopsis arvensis L. Small
liugloSS. I iMK. ,"1055.)
I.ynif>sis a>: i-ii\is I,. .S|>. I'l. 1 vi- i7.S,v
Stetn erect or ascending, at length divergently
or dilfusely branched, 1-2' high, the branches
becoming procumbent. Leaves lanceolate, nar-
rowly oblong or the lower oblaneeolate, obtuse,
I '-2' long, undulate or dentate, sessile, or the
lower narrowed into ])etioles, the upper much
smaller and acute or acntisli; flowers numerous,
crowded, 2"-,\" broad, very short-pedicclled;
calyx-segments lanceolate, acute, nearly as long
as the curved corolla-lube; nutlets shoiter than
the calyx.
Ill fields and wasU plans. Nova Scotia to Onta
rio, I'ctiMsylv.iiiia and Vir^iinia. .NaUirali/i d or
adviiitivc IKiiii ICiimpf .Native aNo ul .\>ia. Juni-
Sept
16, ECHIUM I,. Sp. PI. 139. 1753.
Hicmiial or perennial mostly biisily-hirsute branching herbs, with alternate leaves, and
rather large blue violet or rarely while flowers, in Icafy-bracted scorpioid sjiikes. Calyx
S-partcd, the segments mirrow. Corolla tubular-funnelforni, irregular, the lind) une(|iially
,S-lobed, the lobes munded, sjireading, the throat not appenilaged. .St imer.s 5, inserted low
down on the tube of the corolla, unc(jiial, at least the longer ones exscrled; fdamcnts slen-
der, dilated at the base; anthers ovate or oblong. Ovary 1 divided; style flliform, 2-cleft at
the summit. Nutlets 4, erect, ovoid, rugose, attaihed by their bases to the flat receptacle,
tlie scar of !ittacliment not concave. |('ireek, a viper.]
.\lnail ,^1 species, natives nl the Old World.
res, mill
Calyx
iciiually
toil low
its slc'ii-
cleft 111
cptack',
Vol.. III.] I'.OKAC.lv FAMI
I. Echium vulgare L. VipL-r's lUij^loss.
IJlueweed. (Imk- 3o5<J)
I'.rhiiiin rii/:^iiii- I,, Sp. I'l. i,)(). 175.5.
Ilrislly-liairy, liicnnial; stem crei-l, at k-iij^lh iiiucli
liraiiclicd, i"-2|2° lii^^li. Leaves ohlonn, liiiear-ob-
lotij;, or liiiear-laiiceolate, (il)tiisc or acute, entire, 2'
W loiin, sessile, or the lower anil basal ones nar-
rowed into petioles; flowers liri^lil blue, varyiiifj to
violet purple, s"-u'" loii^j, mimeroi'.s in sliort 1-
siileil spikes, I'oriiiinj; a narrow thyrsus; ealyx-scK-
nients iiiueh shorter than the corolla; liinl) of the
corolla ohliipie, the lubes very nnei|ual.
In fields and waste plaees. New linin'.wiek In \'ir
ninia, west to Oiitarii) ,iiid N'lliraska. A truiihli -iiiiie
weid ill sniiir seiliuiis nf tin- Nnrlli. Naliualizid fioin
iMiiiplie, Native alsii (if Asia. Juiii-Jiily. C.illed aKo
Viper's lierl). Viper's ^;rass, Snake lluwrr, lllnetlii-tle.
I Si I ::.
Riiiiily 2.|. VERBENACEAE j. Si. llil. ICxi-ns. Ivuii. i: 2 15.
\'i;rv.\in 1"amii.v.
Herlis, slinih.s nr some tropical <.^c'iicra trees, witli opposite vc-rlicillate or
rarely allernalc leaves, and pert'eel more or less irrej^iilar, or .sometiiius re^^tilar
flowers, in terminal or axillary si>ikes, raeemes, cymes or panicles. Cal>'.K in-
ferior, mostly persistent, nsnally 4-5-lo1)e(l or 4-5-clel't. Corolla jjaniopetalons,
re^tilar, or 2-lippe(l, the tnlie iistialh' CNlimlric anil the limb .^ -5-e'Ieft. Stamens
4, (liilynamons, r.arely only 2, or as inan\- as the corolla-lobes, inserted on the
corolla and alternate with its lobes; anthers 2celled, the sacs longitudinally de-
hiscent. ( )vary siijierior, 2-4-celled f rarely S-io-celled ), composed of 2 carpels,
each carpel with 2 analropoiis or amjihitropons ovules, thtis in 4-celled ovaries
I ovide in each cavity; style terminal, sin:ple; stigmas i or 2. I'niit dry, se])-
aratinij at maturity into 2-4 niulets, or a drupe containinjjj the 2-4 nutlets.
Ivndospenn little or none, or rarely lleshy; embryo straij;ht.
Al)i)iil7(iKi neraaiid laix) species, of wide KeoK'ipliicdistri tint inn in letnperateand warm i((»ii'ii''.
l'"li)weis ill heads nr spikes; ov.iry 2 ( eel'ed; Irnil nf .' ur .( erect iiiilli Is; ours lierl)>^.
CiiniUa limb s-ldbrd, re^iilui iM nearly --ii; nutlets i. i. I'li hi-iiit.
Ciiiiilla limb ( lolud, 2-lipped: millet- 2. -'. I.if</>i(i.
J'liiwi rs in .ixillaiy ( vine s; slinibs; Irnit diiipai eniis. t,. Oi/hini />ii.
I. VERBENA r.. Sp. PI. i8. 1753.
Herbs fsoiiie exotic species shrubby), mostly with opposite leaves, and variously colored
bracted llowers, in terminal solitary corynibcd or p.'inicled spikes. Calyx usually tubular,
.S-annled, more or less uiiei|ually 5-tootlied. Corolla salverform or fuiinelforiii, the tube
straight or suiiicwhat curved, the limb spreadiiij», ,s-l"l)cd, sli).;litly alippeil or regular.
Stamens .), didvnamous, or very rarely only 2, included; connective of the anthers uiiappeii-
"inil. ( ivary 1-celled; ovule 1 in each cavity; st>le
iliif^ed, or sometimes provided with a ^I . .
usually short, 2-lolied at the sunmiit, one of the lobes stij{nialic. I'ruit dry, mostly enclosed
crustaceous snioolli
iirtii(iii> Diiiri L, ^'ii^Ki;'! >ii iii\. :.ii iii ill i L, iiii^ tii iiii. i>fi>i.n .-.ti^iiini iv . i iiiil iii
by the calyx, at lelij^th separatinj; into .), isccded linear or linear-oblong c
])apill')Se or nigosc nutlets. [I.atiti name of « sacred herb.]
.\bniit loci spiciis, natives nf .\iiKric,i, nrasiiiKle mie iiidim iiniis in tin- Miilitiri.ini mm Il■^;i^
Desides the lulbivviiiK:, sdiiu- i \ otliers occur in llie smitlMrn am! we-tern parts of Nuitli .America
I'lowers 2" 5" loiiK, ill narrow spikes; antluis unappendajjed.
Spikes lilifiiiin or slender; bracts slioitir than tin lluwers.
.Spikes lilifinii; fiuit sc.ittired; corolla usually white.
Leaves iiii i-^cd <ir piiiniUiliil; diMii-.<- animal; Iriiit "^Imrt,
Leaves senate i.iiely inciMil 1; c veil peuniiial; ftiiit nbloiiir.
Spikes slendir; Iruits deiisi ly imbricated, cnrnlla blue.
Plants ulabidiis or spariii^'ly roiiuli pubescent; corolla 2"-,;" lotin
Leaves laiui olate, acuminate, pi tioleil,
Le.ives linear or sp.itulate laiicenl.ite. iimstly obtnviainl ses-iik
riatits cleii--elv soil pubescent, corolla (" 5" Iniiif.
I.ii'l- ,1l,«1.j(>' l.t-'l.'t.; t..ll(f.,l' tll.ltt llkj. Ili.l>.l.t-U
C. (iffuinii/n.
/'. urlui/olia.
;■ li,isl,ila.
I ■ (I II i; II \l I fill in.
/'. ^1 1 ilia.
C III iielei>\ii.
I'lains cieii--eiv sou piiDisccm. corona \ 5 emu. s ' . ^I'liiii.
Spikes thick, deie-e; bracts lunger tliati llu- llowers. (1. ('. htitflemii.
I''liiwi -s -" 1 J ' lun^f. ill short dense elounat inn spiki s; c(inneeti\e nl the Icmuer stalllensappemlaued
Coinlla limb »i" III" hiiiad; biacts mostly shorter than the caly\. 7. / '. C'liinidi'iiMs.
CoioUa limb \" s" broad, bracts ei|nalliii(; or exceeiliiiK: the cilyx. .S. /' /ii/>iii>iii/i/iilii
VERnEXACEAE.
[Vor,. Ill,
X. Verbena oiTicinSlis T^. luiropean
Vervain. Ilcrh-of-the-Cross. lier-
bine. (Imk'. 3057-)
I'nhena olliiiiialis I„ Sj). IM. zo, 175^.
Aiimial; stem 4 sided.sletider.glabroiis or near-
ly so, ascciuliiij^ or spreading, diirtnely Iirandied,
l°-_^° liigli. Leaves jiiinutcly pul .•eiit, the
lower deeply incised or 1-2 jiinnatiiid, ovate, ob-
long, or otiovate in outline, I'-.^'long, narrowed
into margined petioles, tlie tcetli acute; upper
leaves linear or lanceolate, acute, entire, sessile;
spikes several or numerous, filiform, ;it length
.j'-S' long; fruits less tliaii i" high, scattered
along the spikes, not at all imbricated; bracts
ovate, acuminate, shorter than the 5-tootlied
calyx; corolla purplish or white, tlie limb i"-2"
)road.
In wa'ite and cultivated nr"und, M line to I'lorida
and 'IVxas. Also on the Pacific Coa-^t. Naturalized
from tin- Old World. Smnctinics a tniubksouic
weed. Called Iloly-licrb, luiclianter's-plant, Juno's-
tcars, I'igcon'surass, Sinii)lcr's Joy. June Sept,
White or Nettle-leaved Vervain.
I75,?.
(Fig. 3058.)
2. Verbena urticifolia L
I'eibnui urliiifoUa I,. Sp. I'l. 20.
rercnnial, usually pubescent; stem slender, strict,
erect, 4 sided, paniculately branched above, ,i°-5°
high, the branches upright. Leaves ovate, oldong,
or oblong-lanceolate, all petioled, or the upper-
most sessile, serrate-dentate all around, thin, acute
or acuminate, mostly rounded at the base, i,'j'-5'
long; spikes numerous, filiform, erect, or spreading,
at length 4'-6' long; fruits oblong, scattered, not
at all imbricated, about l" high; bracts ovate, acu-
minate, shorter than the calyx; corolla white or
pale purple, its limb about \" bro;id.
In fields and waste places, New Ilrunswick to
Minnesota, Kliirida and Texas. Ilybridi/es with /'.
hiaclC'^sa, I', hiislala nw\ I'. slri,lii. June-Sept.
Verbena urticifoha riparia 1 Raf. ) liritton, Jlein. Torr.
Club, 5 2-6. i8c)(.
Tcihe)ia riparia Kaf. ; Small & Heller, Jlcni. 'forr.
Club, 3: 12. i!S92.
Leaves incise<l. sometimes vcleft nearllie base; flow-
ers blue. Kiver-b.mks, New Jersey to North Caroliua.
3. Verbena hastata L.
Wild Hyssop. (I'ig.
Verbena liaslata I,. Sj). IM. 20. 175V
fcrhena paniiulala I..atu. I^iicycl. 8: 5tS. iSoS.
I'erenni.il, rouyhish-puberulent ; stem erect,
strict, 4-sided, usually branched above, 3°~7° high.
Leaves oblong lanceolate or lanceolate, ])etiolcd,
acute or acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the
base, serrate or incised-dcntate w ith acute teeth,
3'-6' long, the lower sometimes hastately 3-lobed
at the base; spikes numerous, panicled, slender,
usually pednncled, 2'-6' long; fruits densely
imbricated on the spikes, l"-ij^'''' high; bracts
ovate, acuminate, shorter than the calyx; corolla
blue, its limb about 1I2'' broad.
In moist fields, meadows and in waste pl.iccs,
Nova Scotia to liritish Columbia, south to I'lorida,
Nebraska and New Mexico. Hybridizes with /'.
sliicta &n<X I', bradcosa. June-Sept.
Verbena hast&ta pinnatifida (Lam.) Urittoti, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 276. 1891.
I'erbena fiittnalifida Lam. Tabl. Kncyel. i: 57. 171)1.
Leaves deeply incised or pinuatifid. Occasional in the range of the type.
Klne \'ervain.
3059- )
Vol. III.]
VERVAIN FAMILY.
4. Verbena angustifdlia Michx.
Xarrow-leaved Vervain. (Fig. 3060.)
ycihena anguslifoUa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 3: 14.
180,?.
Perennial, roughish-puberulent or pubes-
cent; stem slender, simple or branched, 4-siile(l
above, i°-2° high. Leaves linear, spatulate
or lanceolate, obtuse or subacute at the apex,
cuncate at the base and tapering into short
petioles, serrate or serrulate, veiny, I'/i'-i'
long, 2"-5" wide; spikes mostly solitary at
the ends of the branches, usually pedunclcd,
slender, dense, 2'-$' long; fruits overlapping
or the lower somewhat distant, i^" high;
bracts lanceolate, acuminate, equalling or
shorter than the calyx; corolla purple or blue,
about 3" long, its limb about as broad, the
lobes obovate or oblong.
In (Irj- fields, JIassacliusetts to Florida, west
to Minnesota. Illinois and Arkansas. Hybridizes
with /'. s/ric/a and I', bracleosa. Jutie-AuR.
6. Verbena bractedsa Michx.
Large-bracted Vervain. (Fig. 3062.)
/'. htacteosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 13. 1803.
Perennial, hirsute-pubescent; stem 4-sided,
much branched from the base, the branches
decumbent or ascending, slender, 6'-i5'
long. Leaves ovate, oval, or obovate in out-
line, pinnately incised or pinnatifid, i'-3'
long, more or less cuneatc at the base and
narrowed into short petioles, the lobes mostly
dentate; spikes sessile, stout, dense, becom-
ing 4'-6' long in fruit; bracts conspicuous,
linear-lanceolate, rather rigid, longer than
the flowers and fruits, the lower ones often
incised; corolla purplish blue, about 2" long.
On prairies and in wiiste places, Minnesota and
Illinois to Alabama and Florida, west to British
Columbia, Arizona and California. Hybridizes
with K. Canadensis. May-Aug.
5. Verbena stricta Vent. Hoary or
MtiUen-leaved Vervain. ( Fig. 306 1 . )
I'erhcna stricla Vent. Descr. PI. Jard. Cels.
pl.x^. 1800.
I'eibena pigens Slichx. Fl. Bor. Ant. 2: 14. 1803.
Perennial, densely soft-pubescent all over;
stem stout, obtusely 4 angled, simple, or
branched above, strict, very leafy, i°-2)4°
high. Leaves ovate, oval, or oblong, very
short-petioled, acute or obtuse at the apex,
narrowed at the base, prominently veined,
incised-serrateor laciniatc, i'-4' long; spikes
solitary, or several, mostly sessile, dense,
stout, becoming 6'-i2'' long in fruit; fruits
much imbricated, 2"-2}i" high; bracts lan-
ceolate-subulate, nearly as long as the calyx;
corolla purplish blue, 4"-5''' long, its limb
nearly as broad.
In dry soil, Ohio to Minne.sota, Nebraska and
Wyoming, south to Tennessee, Texas and New
Mexico. Naturalized as a weed furtlier east.
Hybridizes witli I '. bi ailcosa. June-Sept.
"V-. —
A.
•US
72 vi;rhi<:naci';ah. [voi.. hi.
7. Verbena Canadensis ( L. ) liritton. Lnrpe- flowered Verbena. (I-ig. ;,i)63. )
liiiiliiina I'iDiiiiliiish \,. 'SVmW nS. i~('7.
I'l-ihiiiit Aiihh-hii Jaci|. Iloit. \'iiul. 2: S;. />/.
/,-/). 1772.
(7/iiii(/ii/ai ill Caro/iiiriisis J. {.'•. r.iiicl, Syst.
2: >i.'(i. I7iyi.
I'll hunt Oiiiai/iiisis IliittoTi, Mem. Tmr.
C'llil), 5: 276. iSi)(.
IViL'tinial, pul)escciit or j,'1al>r;itc; sti'iii
sleiuler, usually brancliod, .S'-is' liiuli, tlic
braiicliL'sasi'ciKliii^;. I<eaves mciiibranous,
ovate ill outline, petiolcd, I'-j' lou),', trun-
cate or broadly cuncate at the base, irre-
gularly piniiatcly incised, often ;,-cleft, the
lobes dentate; spikes pedundcd, solitary
at the ends of the branches, dense, short
and capitate when in early flower, beconi-
ini; 2'- 1' Ion),' in fruit; bracts linear-snliu-
late, mostly shorter than the calyx; calyx-
teeth filiforiu-subulatc; corolla in".i2"
lonjj, blue, purple, white or in cultivation
variegated, its limb 6"-i()" bmad, the
lobes oblong or obovate. eniarginate or ob-
cordate; fruit i'l'^-i" high.
In di y Sdil, Illinois to Tciuiessce and IHur
ida, west t(i Kansas. Mexico and New Mexico.
'I'liis and tin next the source ol" many (;aiiKn
and oilier hybrids. May AtiR.
<?^^\-5,
8. Verbena bipinnatifida Nutt.
Siiiall-nowered \'erbena. (l-'ig. 3064.)
I'fr/ifiiii bit^innatifulu Nutt. Juurii. Acad
riiila. 2: ij;. 1S21.
GliJiidiilaiia hif>i>i>mli/iilii Nutt. Trans. Am.
I'hil. Soc. ill.) 5: 1S4.' i>.ri-,i7.
rcreunial, prochicing suckers, hirsute or
hispid; stems rather stout, mostly branched,
erect, 6'-iS' high. Leaves firm, petiolcd
or the uppermost sessile, broadly ovate in
outline, deeply i-a-piniiatifid into linear ir
linear-oblong, obtuse or subacute lobes and
segments; spikes peduiicled or se.ssile,
solitary at the ends of the branches, thick,
dense, at llrst short and capitate, becoming
2'-.)' long in fruit; bracts linear-subulate,
mostly shorter than the calyx; calyx-teeth
filifonn-subulate; corolla 6"-9" long, pur-
ple or lilac, the limb .\"-5" broad, the lobes
eiiiarginate or obconlate; fruit i'2"-2"
high.
On dry ])lains and |)rairics, Nebraska to
Texas and Cliiluialma, west to Colorado and
Arizona. May Scjit.
2. LIPPIA L. Sp. PI. 633. 1753.
rcreunial herbs, or shrubs, with opposite, sometimes verticillatc, or rarely alternate
leaves, and small bracted Hower.s, in axillary or terminal, mostly peduiicled spikes or heads.
Calyx small, membranous, ovoid, catnpanulate or compressed and 2-winged, 2- (-toothed or
2-4-cleft. Corolla-tube straight or incurved, cyliudric, the limb obli(iue, spreading, some-
what 2-lipped, .(-cleft, the lobes broad, often retuse or erodcil. Stamens .(, didyiiamous, in-
cluded or exscrted; antlicrs ovate, not appendaiied, the sacs nearly parallel. t)vary 2 celled;
ovules r in each cavity; style short; stigma oblique or recurved. I'ruit dry, with a mem-
branous cxocarp, at length separating iulo 4 nutlets. [Named in honor of Augustc Lippi,
167S-1703, a I'reiich naturalist.]
.About iiHi siiecies, most abundant in troi)ical ami snl)tro()ical .Vimrica, a few .African. Iksides
the following, alvout 6 others occur in the soutlurn and soutlnvcsKrn Initcd .States.
Leavi. s siiatulaU-, 2-8 toothed above; ])(dniules little exceediiiK the leaves. i. A. t iiiit'f/'olia.
Leaves siiari)ly serrate; i)eduncles much longer than the leaves.
Leaves oblong or lanceolate, mostly acute. 2. /-. lanciolala.
Leaves s|)atiiiate or obovate, mostly obtuse. 3. A. nmti flout.
or
b:
.sil
wi
ra
.sli
he
6'
fro
tei
Vol.. III.]
VKKWM.N FAMILY
I. Lippia cuneifolia ( Torr. ) Steiul.
VVedKc-leavetl FoK-friiit. C^'iR- >V>65)
/apaiiia ciinei/olia Tiirr. Aim. I.yc. N. Y. 2: 2\\.
Tort, ill Marcy's Kij).
1^27.
Lipl^ia cinieifolia Stciul.
29,^ /'/. /,-.' iS.s.v
I'.ilc, minutely piibcrulent with forked hairs
or f-lahrous, didusely braiiclii-d from llic wocxly
base; branches terete, slender, riHid, procnni-
hent, somewhat zig/aj;, with short erect branch-
lets at the n(Mles. Leaves lincar-cuncate, ses-
.silc, obscurely veined, rigid, I'-i 'j' long, 2"-},"
wide, with 2-S sharp teeth above the middle or
rarely entire, acutish at the ai)ex; ])eduncles
shorter than or somewhat exceeding the leaves;
head at first globose, beiotning cylindtic and
6"-.S" long; bracts cuneate, abruptly acuminate
from the truncate or reluse summit; cdyx (lat-
tencd, 2-cleft, the lobes 2 toothed i>r emargin.itc;
corolla-tube longer than the caly x ; fruit oblong.
On plains, .Nebraska and Coluradii to Te.\as.
Mexico and .\ri/.iina. May .\ug.
9
1m
2. Lippia lanceolata Michx.
frtiit. O'it^' 3066.)
/,. hiii,-,-i<!atii Michx. V\. lior. .■\m. 2: i.i. 180;,.
Green, glabrous, or very sparingly pubes-
cent with forked hairs; stems slender, weak,
procumbent or ascending, sometimes rooting
at the nodes, simple, or little branched, l°-2°
long. Leaves thin, oblong, ovate, or oblong-
l.'inceolate, pmnately veined, short-petioled,
acute or subacute at the apex, sharply serrate
to below the middle, narrowed to the some-
what cuneate base, r-3' long, ;/' i.s"wide;
peduncles slender, some or all of them longer
than the leaves; heads at first globose, be-
coming cylin<lric ami about ',<' long in fruit;
bracts ,'icute; caly.x fiattciied, 2-cleft; corolla
pale blue, scarcely longer than the calyx;
fruit globose.
In moist Soil, Xiw Jersey to Illinois an<l Kan-
sas, soiilli to I'lorida, Texas and northern Mexico.
.Also in Calil'ortiia. June Aug;.
3. Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. .S|ut-
ulate-leavecl lM)j:[-frtiit. {Vh\. 3067.)
t'ri /'fiiii iii'ililloia I,. Sp. I'l. 20. ir.SV
/,//'/)/ii iiiHli/lorii Miclix. in. lior. Am. 2: i,s. i.'^o.v
Minutely and rather ilensely pulierulciit
witli short appressed hairs, crcc]>ing, or some
of the branches ascending, i°-3 long. Leaves
thickish, spatulatc, oblaiiceolatc, or obovate,
U"-2]i' long, 3"-i2'' wide, mostly obtuse at
the apex, narrowed into a long or short cune-
ate entire b.ise, sharply serrate above the mid-
dle ; iiedundes slender, i'-6' long, much
longer than the leaves; heads at length cylin-
dric and 5"-i2'' long, 2,"-\" thick; calyx
fiattened, 2cleft; corolla jHirple to wdiite.
In wet or moist soil, (".corgia to southern Mis-
souri, I'lorida and Texas. Also in California,
(."onlral America, the West Indies, and appaieiitly
the same species in the warmer regions of the
Old World May .Sept.
74
vr;RnENAcr;AK.
3. CALLICARPA h. Sp. PI. iii.
[Vol. III.
1753-
Shrubs or trees, with opposite leaves, nnil small blue purple or white flowers in .iNillary
cymes. Calyx short, campnmilatc, 4-toollieil (rarely ,s-toutlieil), or truncate. Corolla-tube
sliort, expanded above, the limb spreadinj;, i-clcft (rarely 5-cleft), the lobes equal, imbri-
cated in the bud. Stamens 4, ecpial, exserted; anthers ovate or oval, tlieir sacs parallel.
Ovary incompletely a-collcd; ovules 2 in each cavity, laterally attached, amphitropons; style
slender; stigma - ipitatc, or 2-lobed. I'mit a berry-like drupe, much longer than thecaljx,
containing' 1-4 nutlets, [tircek, handsome fruit.]
About ,15 species, the following nf soutlicaslcni North .\nierica, the Dthcrs Asiatic, African and
of tropical America.
1. Callicarpa Americana L. French
Mulberry. (Fig. 3068.)
Callii-arf>a Ameticana L. Sp. I'l. iii. 1753.
A shrub, 2°-5° high, the twigs, petioles and
young leaves stellate-scurfy, the mature leaves
glabrous or nearly so, and glandular-dotted.
Twigs terete ; leaves thin, ovate, pinnately
veined, sleuder-petioled, acute or acuminate
at the apex, crenate-dentatc nearly to the
entire base, 3'-6' long, i,,'^'-^' wide; cymes
many-flowered, short-pcduncled; pedicels very
short; calyx-teeth much shorter than tlie tube;
corolla pale blue, about i,!^"long; fruit violet-
blue, globose, lyi" in diameter, very conspicu-
ous in autumn.
In moist thicket'*, Virginia to Florida, Alabama,
Arkansas and Texas. June-July.
Family 25. LABIATAE B. Jii.s.s, Hort. Trian. 1759.
Mi. NT F.^Mii.Y.
Aromatic punctate herbs, or .shrubs (a few tropical .species trees), ino.stly with
4-.sided stems and simple opposite leaves; stipules none. Flowers irregular,
perfect, variou.sly clustered, the inflorescence typically cymose, usually bracteo-
late. Calyx inferior, per.'^istetit, regular or 2-lii)ped, 5-toothed or 5-lobed (rarely
4-toothed), mostly nerved. Corolla with a short or lotig tube, the limb 4-5-
lobed, mostly 2-lipped, regular in a few genera; upper lip 2-lobed, or sometimes
entire; lower lip mostly 3-lobed. Stamens borne on the corolla-tube, typically
4 and didynamous, .sometimes 2 with or without staminodia, rarely eciual; fila-
ments .separate, mostlj' slender, alternate with the corolla-lobes; anthers 2-celled,
introrse, or confluently i -celled, or sometimes of a single sac. Di.sk usually
present, fleshy. Ov.iry 4-lobed, or 4-parted, superior, each lobe or division with
I mostly anatropous ovule; style ari.sin.g from the centre of the lobed or parted
ovarj', 2-U)bed at the summit. F'ruit of 4 i-seeded nutlets. Seed erect (trans-
verse in Sni/il/iin'ti); endospernt scanty, or usually none; embryo mostly
straight; radicle short, inferior.
About 160 (fenera and ,5ixxi species, of wide distribulion in teniper.itc and tropical regions. The
family is also Itnown as I,AMl.\cii.\i;. The foliage abounds in volatile oils.
A. Ovary 4-lobed, the style not basal ; nutlets laterally attached.
Corolla-limb vcrj' irregular, apparently i-lipped, or the other lip very short; stamens exserted.
t'pper lip of corolla short, truncate. i.
t'pper lip of corolla 2 lohed, or all the lobes united into the lower lip. 2,
Corolla-limb nearly e<iu.illy 5 lobed.
Corolla-lobes spreading; stamens sliort-cxscrted. 3.
Corolla-lobes declined; stamens long-exserted. 4.
'I'ciicriiim.
Isa nihil. <:.
Tiiiliosleiiia.
B. Ovary 4-parted, the style basal ; nutlets basally attached.
•X- Calyx with a protuberance on the upper side. 5, Scutellaria.
^ -X- Calyx not gibbous on the upper side.
Stamens and style very short, included in the corolla-tube. 6. Marrubium.
[Vol.. III.
ill axillary
orolla-tube
iial, itiil)ri-
L-9 parallel,
•pons; style
I the calyx,
African and
French
'753-
ictioles and
^tiire leaves
;ilar-dotte(l.
, piiiiiately
acuminate
rly to the
Ide; cynics
cdicelsvery
nil the tube:
fruit violet-
ry couspicu-
da, Alabama,
stly with
irregular,
bracteo-
led (rarely
limb 4-5-
lonietinies
typically
lual; fila-
2-celled,
k usually
ision with
or parted
ct (trans-
u mostly
gions. The
■cscrtcd.
;a.
riiim.
thus.
Iinslema.
'I! art a.
nibiiim.
Vol. III.]
lillNT FAMIIA'.
75
7-
8.
Ai:a^/ar/ir.
Mttliiiiiia.
9-
Xi-pc/a.
Id.
11.
Glcci'iiia.
Dnicoccfilialum
12.
Pmiiflla.
I.).
Pli)'soslfs;ia.
Synam/ni.
1 5.
Phlomis.
16.
Galcof)sis.
18.
17-
iMniiuni.
Leonurus.
19. Ballota.
Stamens longer, not include-d in the corollatiibe.
t Corolla strongly .'-tifif>itt : lifi<: unlike, the upfer concave.
(a. . AiitliL'r-bfariiiK stanicns 4.
I'dslirior I upptri pair of statiuns IntiRcr than the antiriur.
Anllursiit's piiriillcl or nearly so.
Tall creel luths; posterior stamens di dined, anterior a«ci intr.
Trailing lierl>; st.iinens all asceiuliiiK under upper lip of corolla.
Antliersaes diverifeiit.
Calyx tubular, nearly eipially ,s toothed, not 2 lipped; plant erect.
Caly.\ distinctly 2 lipped, or uiK<|u;il!y 5 toothed.
Trailintr lierl); calyx iitu-qually 5-loothed,
Jiteet licrbs; calyx 2 lipped.
Posterior pair of stamens sliorter than tlie anterior.
Calyx distinctly 2 lipped, closed in fruit.
Calyx .(-lo-toothcd, not distinctly 2 lip])ed, open in fruit.
Calyx meinhranous, inilatcd in fruit, faintly nerved.
Calyx nearly ciiually s toothed, or ,S"lobed.
Calyx globed.
Calyx not membranous, not inflated in fruit, distinctly ,s-io-nervcd.
.Slyli -branehes very uiiecjual.
Style-br.uiclu s e(iual, or nearly so.
Anther-sacs transversely 2va!ved.
Anther-sacs not transversely 2-valved, parallel or divcrKent.
Nutlets 3-sidi(l, truncate.
Calyx-teeth not spiny-tipped.
Calyx-teeth spiny tipped.
Nutlets ovoid, rounded above.
Calyx with a spreading .s-toothed limb.
Calyx linil) not spreadinu.
Corolla-tube not longer than the calyx; anther-sacs divergent.
20. Stiichys.
Corolla-tube exserted; lower petioles very long; anther-sacs parallel.
21. Uclouica.
(b. 1 Anther beariuK stamens 2.
Connective of the anther very long, bearing a perfect sac at one end, and a rudimentary one, or
none, at the other. 22. Salvia.
Connective very short, the anthcrsncs conduent.
Calyx tubular, i.s nerved, eiiually .s-toothed. 2,1. ^fonar(ta.
Calyx ovoid-tubular, i.^-ncrved, 2-lipped. 2.). IHcphilia.
t t Corolla 2-lipped. or regular; upper lip, ulien present, ftal, or only slightly concair.
(a. ) Flowers in axillary whorls or clusters, or these forming terminal spikes.
Corolla 2-lipped.
Stamens cuiTed, often converging, or ascending under the upper lip of the corolla.
Anther bearing stamens 2. 25.
Anther-hearing stamens \.
Corolla tidie upwardly curved, exserted. 26.
Corolla-tube straight.
Calyx 10 nerved, c.impanulate, about equally s-toothed. 27.
Calyx mostly 13 nerved, tubular, 2 lipped. 2S.
.Stamens straight, often diverging.
C: lyx i.i-nerved.
Calyx lo-i vnerved.
Anther-bearing stamens t-
Anther-sacs divergent.
Calyx equally 5-tootlicd; erect herbs. 311.
Calyx 2-lipped; creeping herbs. 32.
Anther-sacs parallel. ,V.
Anther-bearing stamens 2. 33.
Corolla regular, 4-,s-lobed.
Anther hearing stamens 2; plants not aromatic. ,34.
.\iitlier-bcaring stamens 4; aromatic fragrant herbs. 35.
Ilcdeoma.
Melissa.
Salureia.
CluiopoJium.
29. Hyssopus.
Origanum,
'nivmus.
Koellia.
Cimila,
I.vcnpus.
Mentha.
(b. ) Flowers in terminal panicled racemes or spikes; corolla 2-lipped.
.\iitlier-bearing stamens 2; lower lip of corolla long, fimbriate; native. 3O. Collinsonia.
Antlier bearing stamens 4; lower lip of corolla not fimbriate; introduced.
I'lowers riiceinose. 37. Perilla.
Flowers densely spiked. 38. Elsholtzia.
X. AJUGA L. Sp. PI. 561. 1753.
Annual or perennial, often stolonifcrous herbs, mostly with dentate leaves, and rather
large verticillate-clustered flowers in terminal spikes, or in the upper axils. Calyx ovoid or
campanulate, lo-maiiy-nerved, 5 toothed or 5-lobed, the teeth or lobes nearly equal. Corolla-
liiiib 2-lipped, the upper lip short, truncate or enuirginate, the lower spreading, with 2 small
lateral lobes and a much larger en-.irginate or 2-clcft middle one. Stamens 4, didynamous,
somewhat exserted beyond the upper lip of the corolla, the anterior pair the longer; anther-
76
I.AIlIATAi:.
[Vol.. III.
SiU's iliviTuciit, only sli^jlitly conriiiLMit at the base. Ovary not clceply 4-lot)f(l. Nutlets cib-
ovoid, ninosi'-retioulate. [(Ireck, witliout a yoke; from the st'Ciuiiig abseiu'c of the upper
lip of the corolla.]
Alxiut lo spfiicH, lUilivcs of tlir Old Wulld.
1. Ajuga reptans L. lUigle.
(Fig. 3069.)
AJu,i;a iifilaiis I,. Sp. IM. ,s('ii. 175.1.
rcrenniiil, ajjariugly jnibesccut or glabrous,
producinj,' slender creeping; stolons some-
times 1" \nn^\ stem erect, rather stout, 6'~i5'
tall. Hasal leaves tufled, obovnte, rounded
at the apex, crenatc or undulate, l'-,^' lonj;,
tapcrinjj into marj^ined petioles; leaves of
tlie stem oblonj; or oblanccolate, much
smaller, sessile or nearly so, those of the
stolons mostly petioled; upper flower-clus-
ters, often forniinj,' a short spike, the lower
commonly distant and axillary; corolla blue
or nearly white, .about ,'2' long.
In fuliis. Oiitbtc iiiul Maine to snutlurn N'ew
York, looiiliy uaturali/cd fnmi liuKipi. Old
names, lirowii liUKle. Middle Cuinfrey, Carpen
ter's Herb, Sieklewort. May-June.
2. TEUCRIUM L. Sp. PI. 56.-. 1753.
Herbs or shrubs, %vith dentate entire or laciniate leaves, and rather small pink white or
purplish flowers, in terminal bracted spikes or he.ids, or verticillate in the upper axils.
Calyx tutnilar-campanulate, lo-nerved, etpially or uue(|nally 5-toothed. Corolla-tube short.
the limb irregularly ,5-lobed, the 2 short upper lobes oblong, declined or erect, the lateral
lobe declined, more or less united with the upper ones, the lower lobe broader, also declined,
Stamens 4, didynamous, exserted between the 2 upper lobes of the corolla, the anterior pair
the longer; anther-sacs divergent, confluent at the l)ase. f)vary 4-lobed; style 2-cleft at the
summit. Nutlets obovoid, rugose-reticidated. [Named from the Trojan king, Teucer.]
Over HUP si)eeies, of wide dislribution in temperate and tropical regions, llesidcs the follow-
ing', 2 others occur in the scutliern and soutlnveslern Cniled Stales.
I. 7". CaiKii/iiisi:
Calyx cancsceiit, its upper teeth obtuse.
Calyx villous, its upper leelli acutisli.
2. 7'. miii/fii/a/i:
I. Teucrium Canadense ly.
American C.crinnnder or Wood Sage.
(Fig. 3070.)
'/'/•iicriiiin ('aiiadrnse I,. Sp. I'l. 564. 175.V
Tiuciium ri)!:^iiiiiinn \„ Sp. I'l. 564. i75,V
Perennial, pubescent or canesccnt; stem
stiff, erect, simple or somewhat branched,
rather sleiuler, i°-2° tall. Leaves lanceolate,
oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acumi-
nate at the apex, irregularly dentate, tnostly
narrowed at the base, short-petiolcd, !%'-•,'
long, Ji'-2'wi<le; spike usually dense, becom-
ing 6'- 1 2' long in fruit, its lower bracts some-
times foliaceous; upper bracts commonly not
longer than the calyx; flowers 6"-io" long,
very short-pedicelled; calyx canesceiit or
short i)ubesccut, about 3" long in fruit, its
three upper teeth obtuse or subacute.
In moist thickets or alouK marshes, New Ilruns
wick to Ontario ami Minnesota, south to I"londa,
Kansas. Texas and northern Mexico, .\seends ti>
2600 ft. in VirRinia. June-Sept.
Vol,. Ill]
MINT I'AMII.Y.
77
•w IJnins-
I"li>ri(la,
sceiuls to
a. Teucrium occidentale A. Gray.
Hairy (lermaiuler. {ViK- 3071.)
'/'run iiim initlinhili A. driiy, Svii. IM. J I'.irl i, t,\i).
rtTCMiniHl, villous or jiuln-sccnt; stem erect,
rather stout, usiiflUy inuih tiniiK-lietl, i ,^' Iiik''.
the branches asceuilitiK. Ia'hvcs liinceolate or
ovate-l.iuceolate, tliiii, acute or acimiiuule at the
apex, sharply (lelitiitc, mostly rouiidcrl at the
liasc, usually sletuler-petioled, I'-.'^'i' '""(4. 'i'-
\}i' wide; spikes dense, hecoiiiinj; 3'-8' long in
fruit; bracts lanceolate-subulate or the lower some-
times larger; calyx and axis of the spike villous-
pul)escent, the 3 upper calyx-teeth acute or acutish;
corolla i"-'i" long.
In iiinist sipjl, Ontario tueasttiii rcniisylvania, Wis-
iiiiisin. .Nebraska. New Mcxicu .inil CiililDiliia. Appa
ntitlv inti rKi.Kks with the pniciliiiif specie-.. July-
Si pt.
3. ISANTHUS Michx. Fl. IJor. Am. 2: 3. pi. jn. 1803.
An annual erect linely viscid-pulicscent much-branched herb, with narrow entire or few-
toothed leaves, and snnill blue flowers in loose axillary cymes. Calyx broadly canipanulate,
lo-ncrvcd, nearly ccpially 5-t()Otlied, the teeth lanceolate. Corolla-tube not longer than the
calyx, enlarged into the throat, the limb nearly e(iually 5-cleft into obovate somewhat spread-
ing lobes. Stamens .), didynanious, incurvcd-ascending, not longer than the corolla, the
anterior pair slightly the longer; anther-sacs divergent at maturity. Ovary ilecply ;-lobed;
style minutely 2-clcft at the summit. Nutlets rugose-reticulated. [Greek, equal-llower, the
corolla-lobes being nearly eijual.] v ,\ \
.\ luondtypic genus of eastern North .America '^'
I. Isanthus brachiatus(L.) B.S.P.
False Pennyroyal. ( l'"i>(. ,^1072. )
7'; iihosli-ma l>>,uliiiih(iii \,. .Sp. I'l. ,iyS. I7,s,v
Isiiiilliiis ciu'i ulcus Mieh.x. 1"1. Ilor. .\ni. 2: |.
/>/. ,•■>. 1S.,(.
/. iiiafhiiiliis ll.S.r. I'rel. Cat. N. Y. tl- >~^*'^-
Stem .slender, much branched, 6'-2i>'
tall, the branches spreading. Leaves ob-
long or elliptic-lanceolate, acute at each
end, entire, or with a few sharp teeth,
.vnerved, short-petiolcd,i'-2' long, 2"-(>"
wide; axillary cymes l-^-flowcrcd; pedi-
cels very slender, some of them as long
as the fruiting calyx; calyx-lobes acute or
acuminate, longer than or ccpialling the
tube; corolla 2"-;s" 'o'lgi tl"^ fruiting
caly.x 3" long.
In saiuly soil, especially along streams,
Ijuebec and ( liUario to Minnesota, south to
('■eorgia and Texas. July .Sept.
4. TRICHOSTEMA 1,. vSp. PI. 598. 1753.
■ Annual or perennial erect branching herbs, some western species shrubby, with lanceo-
late oblong or linear entire or slightly repand leaves. I'lowers small, or middle-sized, pink,
blue, purple, or white, paniculate, or in axillary loose or dense cymes. Calyx canipanulate,
very unetjually ,s-lobed in our species, the lobes ovate or lanceolate. Corolla-tube slender,
exserted or included, the limb somewhat oblique and deeply 5-cleft into oblong more or less
declined segments. Stamens 4, didynanious, ascending, curved, the anterior pair the longer,
the .'ilaments filiform, spirally coiled in the hud, long-exserted; anther-sacs divaricate, more
or less confluent at the base. Ovary deeply 4-lobed; style 2-cleft at the summit. Nutlets
oliovoid, reticulated. [Greek, hair-stanicu, referring to the slender filaments.]
About 8 species, n.atives of North America.
T<oaves oblong or lanceolate; plant minutely visciclpubesceiit. i. 7". dulntloiiiitm.
Leaves linear; plant puhcrulent or glabrous. 2. 7'. lineare.
IMAGE EVALUATION
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Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y 14580
(716) 872-4503
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78
LABIATAE.
[Vol. III.
I. Trichostema dichotomum L,. Blue Curls. Bastard Pennyroyal. (Fig. 3073.)
Trichoslenia dichotomum I,. Sp. PI. 598. 1753.
Aunual, minutely viscid- pubescent; stem slen-
der, rather stiff, much branched, 6'-2° high,
the branches spreading or ascending. Leaves
oblong or obloug-lauccolatc, membranous, ob-
tuse or subacute at the apex, narrowed at the
base into short petioles, I'-j' long, 2,"-\o" wide,
the upper gradually smaller; flowers paniculate,
k"-()" long, borne 1-3 together on 2-bractco-
late peduncles; calyx oblique, very unequally 5-
lobed, the 3 upper loljes much longer and more
united than the 2 lower ones; corolla blue, pink
or rarely nearly white, the limb longer than the
tube; stamens blue or violet.
Ill dry fiL-lds, Miiiiic to Klcirida, west to Peniisyl-
vaniii, Kuntucky and Texas, 'flic Intcral ilcwer.s be-
come invcittd by torsion of the podicels. July-Ocl.
2. Trichostema lineare Nutt. Xarrow-
leaved Blue Curls. (Fig. 3074.)
T. bracliialKm I.ani. Encycl. 8: 84. 1S08. Not L. 1753.
Triclioslema lineare Xutt. Gen. 2: 39. 1818.
Puberulent or glabrous, not viscid or scarcely so;
stem very slender, at length widely branched, 6'-
iS' high, the branches ascending. Leaves linear,
obtuse or subacute, sessile or very sliort-petioled,
Yz'-'i.' long, \"-2" wide, sometimes with smaller
ones or short leafy branches in their axil ; flowers
very similar to those of the preceding species,
sometimes larger.
In sandy fields and dry pine barrens, Connecticut and
I.oiiK Island to Georgia and Louisi.ina, mostly near the
coast. Slightly, but apparently constantly dilTcrent
from the preceding. July-Aiig.
5. SCUTELLARIA L. Sp. PI. 598. * 1753.
Annual or perennial bitter herbs, some species shrubby. I'lowers blue to violet, in
terminal or axillary bracted mostly sccund spike-like racemes, or solitary or 2-3 together iu
t'lc axils. Calyx campanulate, gibbous, 2-lipped, the lips entire, the upper one with a crest or
protuberance upon its back and often deciduous in fruit, the lower one persistent. Corolla
much c.xserted, recurved-ascending, dilated above into the throat, glabrous within, the limb
2-lipped; upper lip arched, entire or emarginate; lower lip spreading or deflcxed, its lateral
lobes small and somewhat connected with the upper, its middle lobe broad, sometimes emar-
ginate, the margins mostly recurved. Stamens .|, didynamous, all anther-bearing, ascending
under the upper lip, the upper pair somewhat the shorter, their anthers 2-celled, ciliate;
anthers of the lower pair of stamens i-celled, also ciliate. Style uneijnally 2-cleft at the
apex; ovary deeply 4-parted. Nutlets subglobose or depressed, papillose or tuberculatc, borne
on a short or elongated gynobase. [Latin, a dish, from the appendage to the fruiting calyx.]
About iim species of wide geographic distribution. liesides tlio following, some 11 others oc-
cur in the southern and western parts of North America, all known as .Skullcap, or Helmet llower.
•.\- Nutlets wingless, very slightly elevated on the short gynobase.
Flowers 3"-,s" long, in axillary and sometimes terminal racemes. i. 5. lalei ijlora.
Flowers 6"-is" long, in terminal often panicled racemes.
riant glabrous or very nearly so; leaves broad. 2. 5. seriala.
Plants pubescent, puberulent or pilose.
Leaves all except the floral crenatc or dentate, broad.
Canescent, not glandular; corolla eanescent. 3. S. incnna.
DLiisely glandular-pubescent; corolla puberulent. 4. 5. cordifolia.
Pubescent below, glandular above; corolla nearly glabrous. ,5. S. f>ilosa.
Leaves all except the lowest entire, narrow. 6. S. inlcgrtfolia.
Flowers solitary ' i the axils or sometimes also in terminal bracted racemes.
Annual, villous, branched from the base. 7. 5. Drutiimondii.
Perennial from a thick woody root. 8. S. resinosa.
liJH,
Vol. III.]
MINT FAMILY.
79
Fibrous-rooted; perennial by rootstocks or stolons.
Mowers 2"-4" long.
Plant glabrous, or slightly pubescent.
Plant densely pubescent all over.
Flowers 8"-iV' long. . .
Minutely and densely glandular-pubescent, resiniferous.
Glabrov.j or merely slightly puberulent.
I.e.ives ovate, slender-petioled, cordate, obtuse.
Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, nearly sessile, acute.
9. 5. parviila.
10. 6". campcstris.
11.5. Driltonii.
-X- -X-
12. 5. saxalilis.
1,5. S. galericulala.
Nutlets membranous-winged, elevated on the slender gynobase; flowers axillary. \\. S. nervosa.
I. Scutellaria lateriflora L. Mad-dog
Skullcap. (Fig. 3075-)
Sailellaria lateriflora L. Sp. PI. 59^. 1753-
Perennial by slender stolons, glabrous through-
out or puberulent above; stem slender, leafy, erect
or asceiuling, cointnonly branched, 8'-2° high.
Leaves ovate, ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate,
thin, slender-petioled, acute or acuminate at the
apex, coarsely dentate-serrate, obtuse, rounded or
subcordate at the base, l'-3' long, the upper grad-
ually sniallcr, the uppermost sometimes entire;
racemes narrow, secnnd, axillary or often also termi-
nal and leafy-bracted, several-niany-flowcred; flow-
ers 3'/-5" long; calyx short; corolla blue, varying to
nearly white, its lips about equal, one-fifth as long
as the tube; nutlets borne on a very short gynobase.
In wet places, Newfoundland to Ontario and British
Columbia, south to Florida, New JNIcxico and Washing-
ton. July-Sept. Called also JIadweed or Hoodwort.
Scutellaria serrata Andr. Showy Skullcap. (Fig. 3076.)
Sculellaria serrala .\ndr. Bot. Rep. />/. 49-f- I'V)-
5. laevigala Aiken; Eaton, Jlan. Fd. 6, 333. 183,3.
Perennial, glabrous, or puberulent above; stem
slender, erect, simple or branched, i°-2° high.
Leaves ovate or elliptic, slender-petioled, acute at
the apex, narrowed, or the lowest rounded or sub-
cordate at the base, creuate or dentate, 2'-4' long,
tlie uppermost reduced to small floral bracts;
racemes almost always simple and ten inal,
loosely flowered, the flowers opposite; fruiting
calyx about 3" long; corolla i' long, blue, min-
utely puberulent, its tube narrow, gradually ex-
panded above into the throat, its rather narrow
upper lip shorter than the lower; nutlets borne on
a short gynobase.
In woods, southern New York and Pennsylvania to
North Carolina, west to Illinois and Kentucky. One
of the handsomest of the .\tnerican species, .\scends
to 3000 ft. in Virginia. May-June.
3. Scutellaria incana Muhl.
Skullcap. (Fig. 3077.)
Seiilellaria iiuaiia Muhl. Cat. ^Ci. 1S13.
Siiilellana laiiescciis Nutt. Gen. 2: 3S. 1818,
5. .5<v rrt/a Spreng. Syst. 2: 703. 1S2.S. N
Downy
j;!i'A.,dr. .809. "(^i^^ ^^W5^
Perennial, finely and densely whitish downy, or \1^!q •KXX J\/'^^
the upper surfaces of the leaves glabrous; stem
rather strict, erect, usually nmch branched above,
2°-4° high. Leaves ovate, oval, or oblong, rather
firm, slender-petioled, acute at the apex, creiiate-
dcntate, narrowed, rounded or the lower subcor-
date at the base, ^'--Wi' long; racemes terminal,
usually numerous and p.micled, several-many-ilow
ered; fruiting calyx l,'2'-2' long; corolla i)"-io'
long, canescent; upper lip of the corolla slightly
longer tlian the lower; gynobase very short.
In moist wool's ;iil thickets, Ontario to Illinois,
south to Nortli Carolina and Alabama. June-.\ug.
LABIATAE.
[Vol,. III.
4. Scutellaria cordifolia Mulil. Heart-
leaved vSkullcap. (Fig. 3078.)
.Si tt/f//a I ia cordifolia Jliihl. Cat. 56. 181.^.
Sciilelliii ia :■£■/. v/co,'.);- Null. I'lcn. 2:38. iSiS.
I'eremiial, densely glaiulular-pubescent; stem
erect, usually stout, i°-3° liiKli, often simple.
I.,eavcs prominently veined, slender-pctioled,
broadly ovate, crenate-dentate all around, 2'-^'
lonff, all but the uppermost cordate at the base;
racemes terminal, narrow, solitary or panicled;
bracts ovate, mostly entire, commonly longer than
the pedicels; fruiting calyx nearly ^" long; cor-
olla puberulent, io"-i2" long, blue with the
lower side lighter or white, its tube narrow, its
throat moderately dilated, its lateral lobes about
as long as the upper lip; gynobase short,
In woods and tliickitu, especially along streams,
Pinnsylvania to I'lorida, west to Wisconsin, .Arkansas
and Texas. June-.\up.
5. Scutellaria pilosa Michx.
Sciilcllaria pilosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 11. 1803.
Sculella) ia oralifolia Pers. Syn. 2: 136. 1S07.
Perennial, stem slender, simple or branched,
hairy or downy below, glaudular-pubesceut
above, i°-2j4° high. Leaves ovate, oval, or
oblong, petiolcd, obtuse, or the upper subacute
at the apex, crcnate, i'-3' long, narrowed or
rounded at the base or the lower subcordate;
racemes terminal, solitary or panicled, some-
times also in the upper axils; bracts oblong or
spatulate, entire, longer than the pedicels;
fruiting calyx about 3" long; corolla blue, 6"-
S" long, minutely puberulent or glabrous, its
lower lip and lateral lobes somewhat shorter [Na-
than the arched upper one; gynobase short.
In dry sandy woods and thickets, southern New
York and Pennsylvania to Michigan, Florida and
Texas. Ascends to 4(xjo ft. in North Carolina.
May-July.
Scutellaria pilosa hirsuta (Short) .\. Gray, Syn. Fl.
2: Part I, ,S79. 1S78.
5. hirsula Short, Transyl. Journ. Med. 8: 5S2. 1836.
Stouter, sometimes' 3° hiirli, hirsute; leaves
larger, coarsely crenate. Virginia and Kentucky.
Hairy Skullcap. (Fig. 3079.)
6. Scutellaria integrifolia L,. Larger
or Hyssop Skullcap. (Fig. 3080.)
Sculcllaiia inleffrifolia I,. Sp. PI. ,S9<> i75.^.
Sculellaiia hyxsopi/olia I,. Sp. PI. 599. 175,3.
Perennial, hoary with a minute down; stem
slender, erect, rather strict, simple or branched,
6'-2° high. Leaves thin, linear to oblong, pct-
ioled, or the upper sessile, obtuse at the apex,
entire, i''-2'' long, 2"-(>" wide, or the lower
ovate, lanceolate or nearly orbicular, ohtnse and
sometimes subcordate at the base, often crenate-
dentate or incised; racemes solitary or several,
terminal; bracts Hnear-oldong, subacute, longer
than the pedicels; fruiting calyx 2"-3" long;
corolla blue or whitish underneath, k/'-is"
long, its large lips nearly etjual; gynobase short.
In fields, woods and thickets, Connecticut and
Rhode Island to West Virifinia, south to Florida,
Louisiana and Texas. Variable. May-Aug.
Vot. III.] MINT FAMILY.
7. Scutellaria Drummondii Benth.
Drunimond's Skullcap. (Fig. 308 1 . )
Sdilfllaria Dnnnmondii lUiitli. I.ab. Gen. &
Sp. 441. iH\-
Annual, or perhaps biennial, from a rather
deep straight root, villous-pubcrulent or pu-
bescent, the branches 3'-.S' long. Leaves
ovate, oblong, or obovatc, entire, or the lower
sparingly crenulate, 4"-l2" long, obtuse or
acutish, narrowed at the base, the upper ses-
sile, the lower petioleil, the uppermost gradu-
ally smaller; flowers solitary iu the axils,
short-peduncled ; fruiting calyx about 2" long;
corolla blue, or the tube nearly white, A"-S"
long, pubescent, the lower lip violet, spotted,
longer than the upper; gynobase short.
Kansas (according to Smyth), Texas and Mex-
ico. April-June.
81
8. Scutellaria resinosa Torr. Resin-
ous Skullcap. (Fig. 3o><2.)
Sctilellaria rcsiiwsa Torr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. 2: 232.
1S27.
Sciilellaria U'lighlii A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 8:
370. 1S72.
I'erennial from a thick woody root, minutely
canescent or puberulent and usually resiniferous;
stems rather slender, rigid, tufted, leafy, ascend-
ing, 6'-io' high. Leaves ovate, oval, or oblong,
sessile, or the lower short-pctioled, entire, obtuse
at the apex, mostly narrowed at the base, 3"-6"
long; flowers solitary iu the axils; fruiting calyx
nearly 3" long; corolla violet or nearly white,
very pubescent, 6"-8" long, its tube narrow and
lips nearly equal; gynobase short.
On dry plains, Nebraska and Kansas to Texas.
May~.\uK.
9, Scutellaria parvula Michx.
Small Skullcap. (Fig. 3083.)
Sciilellaiia parvula Michx, Fl. Hor. Am. 2: 11.
I."vi3.
Sciilellaria ambigua Null. Gen. 2: 37. iSiS.
Glabrous, or sparingly puberulent, some-
tijies slightly glandular, perennial by slen-
der tuberous-thickened rootstocks; stems
erect or ascending, very slender, usually
branched, 3'-! 2' tall. Leaves ovate, oval or
lanceolate, or the lower nearly orbicular, en-
tire and sessile, or the lower sparingly den-
tate and petiolcd, 3'''-i2" long; flowers soli-
tary in the axils; fruiting calyx about 2"
long; corolla 2"-4" long, violet, pubescent;
gynobase short.
In moist sandy soil, Quebec to Ontario and
Minnesota, south to New Jersey, Florida, Ne
braska and Texas. April-July.
82
l.AHIATAE.
[Vol.. III.
10. Scutellaria campestris Brittou.
Prairie Skullcap. (Fig. 3084.)
Sculfllaria parx'iila var. mollis A. Gray, Syii. Fl. 2:
I'art I, ,^Si). i,S7,S. Not S. mollis R. Hr.
Scutellaria campestris Britlon, JIciii. Torr. Club, 5:
I'ubescent, often densely .so, perennial by
tuberous thickened rootstocks. Stetns difTusc,
or ascending, branched, 4'-! 2' long, rather
stouter than those of the preceding species.
Leaves ovate, or the lower almost orbicul.ir, en-
tire, or dentate, 5'''-i()" long, obtuse at the
apex, rounded or truncate at the base, the lower
sliort-pctioled, the upper sessile; flowers solitary
in the axils; corolla 3"-5" long, violet or pur-
ple, pubescent; gynobase short.
In dry sandy or gravelly soil, North Carolina to-
Illinois, Iowa and the Indian Territory. April-July.
II. Scutellaria Brittdnii Porter.
Britton's Skullcap. ( Fig. 30S5 . )
Scutellaria resinosa A. (Jray, Syn. Fl. 2: Part i,
381. iS;y. Not Torr. 1S27.
Scutellaria Ilrittonii Porter, Hull. Torr. Club, 21:
177. 1S94.
Perennial by tuberous-thickened rootstocks,
viscidly glandular, pubescent or puljcrulcnt,
branched from the base; stems erect, 4'-S' high,
leafy. Leaves oblong or oval, sessile and entire
or the lowest short-pctiolcd and slightly crenu-
latc, obtuse at the apex, rather prominently
veined on the lower surface, 6''''-i2" long, the
upper scarcely .smaller; flowers solitary in the
axils; pedicels mostly shorter llian the calyx;
corolla pubescent, blue, lo'^-ia" long, the tube
narrow below, enlarged above into the throat;
gynobase short.
Nebraska (accordinjr to Coulter), Colorado and
Wyoming. June-July.
12. Scutellaria saxatilis Riddell.
Rock Skullcap. (Fig. 3086.)
Siiitellaria sa.ratitis Riddv.ll, Suppl. Cat. PI.
Ohio, 11. 1S36.
Perennial by filiform stolons, glabratc or
sparingly pubcrulent; stem slender, weak,
ascending or reclining, simple or branched,
6'- 1 2' long. Leaves ovate, slender-petioled,
thin, coarsely crenate, obtuse at the apex,
cordate at the base, i'-2' long, or the lower
nearly orbicular, and the upper lanceolate,
subacute and entire; flowers solitary in the
upper axils, or clustered in a terminal leafy-
bracted loose raceme; bracts longer than the
pedicels; fruiting calyx about 2" long; corolla
light blue, very nearly glabrous, 8"- 10"
long; gynobase short.
On moist banks and in thickets, ndaware to
southern Virginia, west to Ohio and Tennesspf
Asi;cnds to ^000 ft. in Virginia. May -July.
-A,-
1
Vol. III.]
MINT I'AMILY.
83
13. Scutellaria galericul^ta L.
Hooded Willow-herb, Marsh Skullcap.
(Fig. 3087.)
Scutellaria galiticulala I,. Sp. PI. 599. 1753.
Perennial by filiform stolons, not tuber-
bearing, puberulcnt or pubescent; stem erect,
usually branched, i°-3°hiKli. Leavesobloug-
lauceolatc to ovate-oblong, thin, sliort-petioled,
or the upper sessile, acute at the apex, dentate
with low teeth or the upper entire, subcordate
or rounded at the base, i'-2>^' long, the up-
permost usually uuich smaller and bract-like;
flowers solitary in the axils; peduncles shorter
than the calyx; corolla blue, pubcrulent,
nearly or cjuitc i' long, with a slender tube
and slightly enlarged throat; gynobase short.
In sw.iiiiiii and alonp streams, Newfoundland
to Alaska, south to New Jersey, the mountains of
North Carolina. Ohio, Nebraska, Arizona and
Washinifton. Also in Uurope and Asia. June-Sept.
14. Scutellaria nervdsa Pursh. Veined Skullcap. (Fig. 3088.)
Sculellaiia nervosa Pursh, I'l. .\m. Sept. 412.
1814.
Scutellaria teucrii/olia J. ]•;. Smilli in Rees'
Cycl. 32: no. 15. iSif).
Perennial by filiform stolons; stem glabrous
or sparingly pubescent, erect, slender, simple
or sometimes branched, 8'-2° high. Leaves
thin, glabrous, or sometimes decidedly pu-
bescent, the lower slcnder-pettoled, nearly
orbicular, crenate, often subcordate at the
base, the middle ones larger, ovate, i''-2'
long, sessile or nearly so, obtuse or acute,
coarsely dentate or crenate, the upper lan-
ceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, commonly
entire; flowers solitary in the axils; fruiting
calyx about 2" long; corolla blue, ■\"-$"
long, puberulent, the lower lip longer than
the concave upper one; nutlets membranous-
winged, borne on a slender gynobase.
In moist woods and thickets. New York and
New Jersey to Illinois, south to North Carolina
and jilissouri. Ascends to 3000 ft. in Virginia.
May-.\UK.
6. MARRUBIUM L. Sp. PI. 582. 1753.
Perennial brandling niostlj' woolly herbs, with petiolcd dentate rugose leaves, and
small white or purplish flowers in dense axillary clusters. Calyx tubular, 5-10-nerved,
regularly 5-i(itootlied, the teeth nearly equal, or the alternate ones shorter, acute or aristate,
spreading or recurved in fruit. Corolla-limb 2-lipped, the upper lip erect, entire or emar-
ginate, the lower spreading, 3-cleft, its broader middle lobe commonly emarginate. Stamens
4, didynamous, included, the posterior pair the shorter; anthers 2-celled, the sacs divergent.
Style 2-cleft at the summit, the lobes short. t)vary deeply 4-lobed. Nutlets ovoid, smooth.
[Name Middle Latin, its meaning uncertain.]
About 40 species, natives of the Old World.
84
I.AHIATAJv
[Vol.. lil.
I. Marrubium vulgare L. White
Hoarhound. (I'ig. 3089.)
^fai inhium :ulga>e I,. Sp. I'l .s^.v 175,^
Stem erect, stout, woolly, especially be-
low, i°-3° high, the branches ascending.
Leaves oval, broadly ovale or nearly orbicu-
lar, rugose-veined, obtuse at the ape.s, cren-
atc-dciitate, rounded, narrowed or subcor-
daic at the base, I'-i' long, rough, whitish
above, woolly beneath; petioles \i'-\' long,
usually exceeding the flowers; clusters all ax-
illary, densely many-flowered; flowers whit-
ish; calyx-teeth usually 10, subulate, more or
less recurved, glabrous above, woolly below.
Ill waste places, Maine and ( iiitario to Minne-
sota and I'.ritisli Cohinibia, North Carolina, Ten
iiessee, Texas and Mexico. Naturalized from
ICurope. Native also of Asia. Old naines,
Iloundbene, Marrube, Marvel.
AGASTACHE Clayt. ; Gron. Fl. Virg. 88. 1762.
[Vi.i:cKi.\ Raf. Med. Rep. HI.) 5: 30S. 180S.]
[Loi'ii.\NTiirs Rcnth. IJot. Reg. 15: under />/. uSj. 1S29. Not Adans. 1763.]
Tall erect perennial herbs, with .serrate, mainly ovate, petiolcd leaves, an<l yellowish pur-
plish or blue flowers, verticillate-clustered in thick dense or interrupted bracted terminal
spikes. Calyx narrowly campanulate, somewhat oblique, slightly 2-lipped, 5-toothed, the
teeth of the upper lip somewhat larger than those of the lower, or all about erjual. Corolla
strongly 2-lipped, the tube as long as the calyx; upper lip erect, 2-lobed; lower lip spreading,
3-lobcd, its tniddle lobe broader than the lateral ones and crenulatc. Stamens 4, all anther-
bearing, didynamous, the upper pair the longer; anthers 2-celled, their sacs nearly parallel.
Ovary deeply 4-parted; style 2-cleft at the summit. Nutlets ovoid, smooth. [Greek, many
spikes.]
About 4 species, natives of North .\tnerica. Hesides the following, another occurs in the western
part of the I'nited States.
Glabrous or very nearly so, stout; corolla greenish yellow. i. A. tiepeloidrs.
Pubescent, stout; corolla purplisli; leaves green both sides. 2. A. scroplnilariaefolia.
Glabrousor slightly pubescent, slender; corolla blue; leaves pale beneath. 3. A. anclliiodora.
I. Agastache nepetoides (L.)
Kuntze. Catnep Giant-Hyssop.
(Fig. 3090.)
Ilyssopiis nepcloide-i I,. Sp. I'l. 569. i7,i.S.
Lofthanllitis »ef>cloides lientli. Hot. Reg.
under /'/. 12S:;. 1S29.
Meckia nefeloidc% Kaf. Fl. Tell. 3; 89. 1836.
A. nepeloides Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 511. 1891.
Glabrous, or slightly puberulent; stem
stout, 2°-5° high, branched, at least above.
Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, acuminate or
acute at the apex, rounded, cordate or the
upper narrowed at the base, mostly thin,
coarsely dentate, 2'-6' long; spikes 3'-i8'
long, usually very dense; petioles of the
lowest leaves often 2' long; bracts ovate,
acute or acuminate; calyx-teeth oblong or
ovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute, some-
times purplish; corolla greenish yellow,
about 4" long, scarcely exceeding the
calyx.
In woods and thickets, Vermont and On-
tario to Wisconsin, south to Georgia and
Kentucky. July-Sept.
^Tt
Vol.. III. J
MINT I'AMII.V.
X.S
2. Agastache scrophulariaefolia
(WilUl. ) Kutitzc I-'igwort Giant-
Hyssop. ( Fig. 3091.)
//fs.;o/>u\ striifilinliiriarfiilius Willd. Sp. I'l.
3: .|S. 180T.
Li<l^lianlliu% scrofilinlariar/itliiis lU nth. Hot.
Kt(t. undir />/. 1."'-'. iSjo.
I'hikia SI Kifilnilanai/'i'lia K:if. I'M. Tell. ,v
Ai;asliiclie st rdftliiilai iaf/olia Kiintzc, Kev.
C'leti. I'l. 511. iNji.
Similar to the prccediiifj species, but
commonly taller, the stem, petioles and
lower surfaces of the leaves more or less
pubescent. I.,eaves nearly identical with
those of /'. iifpiioiilc! in size anil outline;
spike sometimes interrupted, ;,'-iS' lon^l
bracts broadly ovate, abruptly .icuminate;
calyx-teeth lanceolate or ovatc-lanccolate,
very acute or sometimes acuminate, whit-
ish or purplish; corolla purplish, 5" -6"
long, considerably exceeding the calyx.
In woods and tliickits. Coiiniclicut to
Wisconsin, south to North C.nolina and
Kentucky. I'lant strong scented. July-Oet.
3. Agastache anethiodora
(Nutt.) Britton. Fragrant Giaiit-
Hy.ssop. (Fig. 3092.)
ffyssofjusaurlliiodoriisXwn. Kras. Cat. iSr^.
//vssoptis atlisaliis Nult. Cien. a: 27. 1S18.
Lofihanlhtis anisaliis Henlli. Bot. Kej^.
under /. 12SJ 1S29.
VIeckia anisala Raf. Kl. Tell. 3; 89. |S^6.
yieckia anelhiodora Greene, Mem. Torr.
Club, 5, 282. i«94.
Glabrous, or minutely puberulent; stem
rather slender, leafy, usually branched,
2°-^° high. Leaves ovate or triangular-
ovate, firm, mostly short-pctioted, acute
or acuminate at the apex, truncate, ob-
tuse or sometimes subcordate at the base,
sharply serrate, green above, pale and
appearing glaucous lieneath, 2'-^ lo"gi
anise-scented; spikes dense or interrupted,
seldom 6' long; bracts broadly ovate,
abruptly acuminate; calyx-teeth ovate to
lanceolate, acute, purple; corolla blue, 4"-
5" long, somewhat exceeding the calyx.
On prairies and plains, Minnesota to the
Northwest Territory, south to Illinois and
Nebraska. July-Sept.
8. MEEHANIA Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, 21: 32. 1894.
A low pubescent spreading or decumbent herb, with long-petioled cordate leaves, trail-
ing leafy stolons, and large blue flowers in terminal sccund bracted spikes. Calyx campau-
ulale, I5nerved, slightly 2-lipped, its teeth all lanceolate, acute, the 3 upper longer than the
2 lower. Corolla much exscrted, puberulent without, pubescent within, the tube narrow at
the base, gradually widely amplia'.e into the throat, the limb 2-lipped; upper lip 2-lobed,
arched, the lobes ovate, obtuse; lower lip about equalling the upper, spreading, 3-lobed, the
middle lobe emarginate, broader than the lateral ones. Stamens 4, didynamous, all anther-
bearing, included, ascending under the upper lip, the upper pair longer than the lower;
anthers 2-celled, the sacs nearly parallel. Ovary deeply 4-lobed; style ctiually 2-cleft at the
summit. Nutlets oblong, smooth. [Named for Thomas Mcehan, of Philadelphia, botanist
and horticulturist]
A nionotypic genus of eastern North America.
— — ■ —
86
LAUIATAi:.
[Vol. III.
X. Meehania cordata (Nutt.) Britton.
Meehania. (I'ig. 3093.)
PiiKinrf^liiiliini cm ilahiin Nutt. Oeii. J; t,s. iSiS.
I'l'iliiiiii-tla (III data Ik'iitli. I.iili. 5112. iS((,
Meehania eoidala Ilritloii, Hull. Torr. Club, Ji:
l''loweriiig stems ascending, .^'-S' high;
stolons very slender, leafy tlironghout, aonie-
tinics a° long. Leaves all broadly ovate or
ovate-orbicular, thin, obtuse or sul)aoute at the
apex, crenate all around, cordate at the base,
sparingly pubescent with scattered hairs on
both surfiices, or nearly glabrous beneath,
green on both sides, i'-2' long, the basal sinus
broad; spikes \'-.\' long; bracts ovate or ob-
long, acute, nienibranous, the lower sometimes
crenulate and surpassing the calyx; bractlets
small, lanceolate; calyx about 5" long, puber-
ulent, its longer teeth about one-half the
length of the tube; corolla I'-i '+' long, showy.
In rich moist woods and thickets, soutliwestcrn
Peinisylvania to Tennessee and North Carolina.
May-July.
9. NEPETA L. Sp. PI. 570. 1753.
Herbs, with dentate or incised leaves, and mostly white or blue rather small flowers in
verticiltate clusters, usually crowded in tcrmiuHl spikes, or axillary and cyniose. Calyx
tubular, somewhat obliciue at the moutli, i,s-iicrved, usually incurved, 5-toothed, scarcely
2-lipped, but the upper teeth usually longer than the lower. Corolla-tube enlarged above,
the limb strongly 2-lippcd; upper lip erect, entire, cmarginate or 2-lobed; lower lip spread-
iiK. 3-lobed, the middle lobe larger than the lateral ones. vStameus 4, all anther hearing,
didynamous, ascending under the upper lip, the lower pair the shorter; anthers 2-celled, the
sics divaricate. Ovary deeply 4-parted; style 2-cleft at the summit Nutlets ovoid, com-
pressed, smooth. [Ancient Latin name of catnep.]
About 150 species, natives of ICurope and Asia.
I. Nepeta Catena L. Catmint. Cat-
nep. Nep. (Fig. 3094.)
Nepeta Calaria L. Sp. PI. 570. i;,i3.
Perennial, densely tomentulose-canescent,
pale green; stem rather stout, erect, branched,
2°-3° high, thr branches straight, ascending.
Leaves ovate ic oblong, petioled, acute at the
apex, coarsely crenatc-dentate, mostly cordate
at the base, i '-3' long, greener above than be-
neath; flower-clusters spiked at the ends of the
stem and branches, the spikes I'-s' long; bracts
small, foliaccous; bractlets subulate; calyx
densely pubcrulent, its teeth subulate, the upper
about one-half the length of the tube; corolla
nearly white, or pale purple, dark-dotted, puber-
ulent without, s"-(i" long, its tube a little
longer than the calyx, the broad middle lobe of
its lower lip crenulate.
In waste places. New Brunswick and Quebec to
Minnesota, south to Virf;iniaand Kansas. Natural-
ized from Kurope. Native also of Asia. July-Nov.
10. GLECOMA Iv. Sp. PI. 578. 1753.
Low diffuse creeping herbs, with long-petioled nearly orbicular or rentform crenate
leaves, and rather large blue or violet flowers in small axillary verticillate clusters. Calyx
oblong-tubular, 15-nerved, oblique at the throat, not 2-lipped, unequally 5-toothed. Cor-
olla-tube exserted, enlarged above, the limb 2-lipped; upper lip erect, 2-lobed or emarginate;
the lower lip spreading, 3-lobe<l, the middle lobe broad, emarginate, the side lobes small.
Stamens 4, didynamous, all anther-bearing, ascending under the upper lip of the corolla,
iiL
Vol.. III.]
JIINV I'WMII.Y.
87
Ovary deeply 4parte(l.
not exserted, the upper pair the louder; aiithcr-sacsi divergent.
Nutlets ovoid, sniootli. [Cireek iiiiinc for tliynie, or pennyroyal.]
About fi species iif I';ur(>l)t' and Asia.
1. Glecoma hederacea !<, Ground
Ivy. Ciill-over-thtj-Groiincl.
Field Halm. (Fig. 3095.)
CtefDina liedeiocea I,. Si). I'l. 578. I7.s,v
y.aieclioina Hcntli. I.ab.l'.eii.iS: ,Sp. 4S5. \>>.t,\.
.v. h,-(t,ia<tii D.S.I'. \'xv\. Cat. N. Y. |,v i-^SS.
Perennial, pul)rsccnt,tlie crecpinj; stems
leafy, sometimes iH' louf;. the branch-
es ascending. Lower petioles commonly
longer than the leaves; leaves green both
sides, Yz'-iYt' in diameter; clusters few-
flowered, the flowers ~i"-\o" long, short-
pedicclled; bractlets subulate, shorter than
the calyx; calyx puberulent, its teeth
acute or lanccolateacuminatc, about one-
third as long as the tube; corolla-tube 2-,^
times as long as the calyx; upper pair of
stamens much longer than the lower.
In waste places, woods and thickets, New-
foundliuid to Ontario and Mitniesota, soulli
to Ceortfia and Kansas. Old names, .Me-
hoof, Cats-foot, {'.ill, Gill-ale, Cill-go by-tlie-
ground, Hayliofe, Hayniaids, Hove, Tun-
hoof, Creepintf Charlie. March-May.
II. DRACOCEPHALUM L. Sp. PI. 594. 1753.
Perennial herbs, with dentate entire or incised leaves, and blue or purple flowers in
axillary and terminal bracted clusters, the bracts pectinate in our species. Calyx tubular,
15-nerved, straight or incurved, 5-toothed, the upper tooth much larger than the others, or
2-lipped with the 3 upper teeth more or less united. Corolla expanded above, its limb
2-lippcd; upper lip erect, cmarginate; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, the middle lobe larger
than the lateral ones, sometimes 2-cleft. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending under the upper
lip, the upper pair longer than the lower; anthers 2-cclled, the sacs divaricate; style 2-clcfl
at the summit; ovary deeply 4-parted. Nutlets ovoid, smooth. [Greek, dragon-head.]
About 35 species, natives of the northern hemisphere. Only the following are known in North
America.
Corolla scarcely exceeding Hie calyx; clusters mostly terminal, dense
Corolla 2-3 times as long as the caiyx; clusters mostly axillary.
1. D. parz'iflorum.
2. D. .Ifolilavica.
I. Dracocephalum parvifldrum
Nutt. American Dragon-head.
(Fig. 3096.)
IJ. parviflorum Nutt. C.en. 2: .-^s. 1818.
.Vnnual or biennial, somewhat pubes-
cent, or glabrous; stem rather .stout, usu-
ally branched, 6'-2° high. Leaves lan-
ceolate, ovate, or oblong, slender petiolcd,
serrate, or the lower incised, acute or ob-
tuse at the apex, rounded or narrowed at
the base, thin, I'-xf long; clusters dense,
many-flowered, crowded indense terminal
spikes, and sometimes also in the upper
axils; bracts ovate to oblong, pectinate
with awn-pointed teeth, shorter than or
equalling the calyx; pedicels \"-2" long;
upper tooth of the calyx ovate-oblong,
longer than the narrower lower and lateral
ones, all acuminate; corolla light blue,
scarcely longer than the calyx.
In dry gravelly or rocky soil, northern
New York and Ontario to Minnesota and
Alaska, south in the Rocky Mountains to
Arizona and New Mexico. May-Aug.
.UIATAK.
[Vol,, in.
2. Dracocephalum Moldavica
L. Moldavian nraj^on-hcad.
{V\g. 3097. )
/hdicrr/i/ia/iiiii ,lAi/(/(/,'/V.; f, Sp. I'l.siiS.
Annual, pubcriilciit; stem crcrt,
iisuiilly widely linmclied, l°-2 'i° liiK'i.
Lcavts ol)loiij» or linear-olilonj;, di'n-
tntf i)r somewhat incisfd, obtuse at the
aj)ex, usually narrowed at tbe liase,
I '-2' lou),', 2"-6''' wide; clusters loose,
ffw-nowcred, eommoiily numerous,
mostly axillary; bracts narrowly ob-
long, usually shorter than the calyx,
deeply pectinate with aristatc teeth;
pedicels 2"-\" lon^; calyx slightly
curved, the '2 lower teeth somewhat
shorter than the ,^ broader cijual upper
cues; corolla 2-,^ times as long as the
calyx.
Ill a canon noar Spring View, Neb.
Also in northern ^kxico. Inlroduct.il
from eiiitral l^nropc. June .Vu(f.
12. PRUNELLA L. Sp. PI. 600. 1753.
rerennial simple or sometimes branched herbs, with petioled leaves, and rather small clus-
tered purple or white flowers, in terminal and sometimes also axillary dense bracted spikes
or heads. Calyx oblong, reticulate-veined, about lo-nerved, deeply 2-lipped, closed in fruit;
upper lip nearly truncate, or with 3 short teeth j lower lip 2cleft. its teeth lanceolate. Corolla-
tube inflated, slightly narrowed at the mouth, its limb strongly 2lippcd; upper lip entire,
arched; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending under the upper
lip of the corolla, the lower pair the longer; filaments of the longer stamens 2-toothed at
the summit, one of the teeth bearing the anther, the other sterile; anthers 2cellcd, the sacs
divergent or divaricate. Ovary deeply 4-parted. Nutlets ovoid, smooth. [Origin of name
doubtful; often spelled Bntiiella, the pre-Linnaean form.]
About 5 species, of wide geographic distribution. Only the following occur in North America.
I.eaves entire or crenate. i. /'. ziilgarh.
I.eaves pimiatifid or deeply incised. 2. J\ laciniala.
I. Prunella vulgElris L,. Self-heal.
Heal-all. (Fig. 3098.)
Prunella fiilgatis I,. Sp. PI. 600. 1753.
Pubescent or nearly glabrous; stem slen-
der, procumbent or ascending or erect, usu-
ally simple, but sometimes considerably
branched, 2'-2° high. Leaves ovate, oblong
or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or subacute at
the apex, usually narrowed at the base, rather
thin, entire or crenate, i'-4'long, the lowest
commonly shorter and sometimes subcor-
date; spikes terminal, sessile or short-pedun-
cled, very dense, '/z'-i' long in flower, be-
coming 2'-4' long in fruit; bracts broadly
ovate-orbicular, cuspidate, more or less cili-
ate; corolla violet, purple, or sometimes
white, ^"-d" long, about twice as long as
the purplish or green calyx; calyx-teeth
often ciliate.
In fields, woods and waste places throughout
nearly the whole of North America. Natural-
ized from Kurope. Native also of Asia. Pos-
sibly native in northern British America. Other
names are Thimtjie- flower, All-heal, Brown-
wort, Carpentcr's-hcrb. Ilook-heal, Heartof-
the-earth, Sicklewort, i'tecurls. Mav-Oct.
Vol.. III.]
3. Prunella lacini^ta L.
MINT I'AMII.Y.
leaved vSclf-hoal,
Cut-
!**««• 3099-)
Piuiirtla :iil);aiis var. Iii,iitiala I,. Sp. I'l. Iho.
I'niiiclla laiinidia I,. Sp. I'l. 1C<1. :;. ^(7. \yf>S.
Ill iiiiilla :ri/i;ari.i var. />iiiii<i/i7i(/a liiiilli. in
DC. I'rodr, IJ: (ii. iH.tS.
Simitar to tlic lucccdiiiff species, hut the
sti'iii If.ives piiinatifKl, lohcil, or incised, tho
Imsnl ones often entire or merely crenul.ite.
Vicinity of WasliiiiRtiPti, I). C. .V-lvcnlivc or
fujtilive fmm Ivtiropi-. KiKardid liy many iUi
ttiors as a variety iif /'. :i(/i;ii) is. l)Ht the pinna-
tifid leaves appear to be a constant character.
Suninier.
13. PHYSOSTEGIA Benth. I.ab.
Gen. & Sp. 504. 1834.
I'lrcct perennial glabrous or pul)erulent
herbs, with serrate dentate or entire leaves,
and larj^e or niiddlc-si/.ed bracled purple violet, pink or white flowers in terminal spikes,
or spike-like racemes. Calyx cani])anulate or oblouj;, membranous, swollen an<l remaining
open in fruit, faintly reticulate-veined and Kj-nerved, ecjually 5-toothed. Corolla much
longer than the calyx, its tube gradually much enlarged upward, its limb strongly 2 lippe<l;
upper lip concave, rounded, entire; lower lip sprea<ling, 3-lobcd, the middle lobe commonly
cniarginate. Stamens .(, didynamous, ascending under the upper lip of the corolla, the
lower pair the longer; fdanients pubescent; anthers all alike, 2-celled, the sacs nearly par-
allel, the margins of their valves commonly spinulosc or denticulate. Ovary .(parted. Nut-
lets ovoid-tri([uetrous, smooth. [Greek, bellows-covering, from the inflated fruiting calyx.]
About ,s species, natives of North America, known as I'alse Pragon-head or I.ion's-heart.
I'lowers i' long, or more; leaves firm.
Spike dense, many-flowered; leaf serrations very acute. i. /'. I'ii,iriiiiaiia.
Spike loose, few llowered; leaf-serrations blunt. 2. P, ileiiliculala.
Flowers s' ~~" lontt; leaves •liin.
,V P. iiilermedia.
4. P. parviflora.
.Spike loose; .('-8' lonK; leaves few and distant.
Spike dense, r-4' lont{; stem leafy.
Physostegia Virginiana (L.) Benth. False Dragon-hearl. Obedient
Plant. Lion's Heart. (Fig. 3100. )
/•'. firgiiiiaiiitm I,. Sp. I'l. 594. 1753.
DracoceplialuiH spfcinsiini Sweet, Brit. V\.
Card. pi. i/i. 1825.
P. I 'iixiuiaiiii lientli. I.ab.Gen. & Sp. .S114. 1854.
Stem erect or ascending, rather stout,
simple or branched above, i°-4° tall.
Leaves firm, lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate,
or linear-lanceolate, acuminate at the apex,
sharply serrate or serrulate, narrowed at the
base, the upper all sessile, 2'-,s' long, 2"-7"
wide, the lowest petioled; bracts lanceolate,
shorter than the calyx; spikes dense, becom-
ing 4'-,S' long in fruit, many-flowered; flow-
ering calyx campanulate or somewhat turbi-
nate, its teeth ovate, acute, iibout one-half as
long as the tube; fruiting calyx oblong, 4"-
5" long, the teeth much shorter than the
tube; corolla pale purple or rose, l' long or
more, often variegated with white, tempo-
rarily remaining in whatever position it is
placed.
In moist soil, (Quebec to the Northwest Ter-
ritory, south to Florida, Louisiana and Texas.
Perhaps escaped from gardens eastward.
July-Sept.
'-■-— **i.^«i.*i<i > r«1*»»
90
LAaiATAE.
2. Physostegia denticul^ta (Ait.) Britton.
(Fig. 3101.)
[Vol,. III.
Few-flowered Lion's Heart.
Prasiiim pinpiiieum Walt. Fl. Car. 166. 178S?
Dracoccfihalum dcniiculatum Ait. Hort. Kew. 2: 317.
1789.
Phvsostre^ta I'lifrinnina var. deii/tciilala A. Gray, Syti.
FI. 2: Part I. 3S.V i8;8.
Plivsostegia denticulala Britton Mem. Torr. Club, g:
28.1. 1S94.
Stem slender, ascending or erect, simple, or
little branched, i°-2° high. Leaves firm or rather
thin, oblong, linear-oblong, or oblanceolate, obtuse
or acute at the apex, narrowed at the base, crenu-
late, obtusely dentate, or entire, I'-j' long, 2"-6"
wide, the upper sessile, the lower slender-petiolcd;
spike loosely few-several-flowercd; bracts lanceo-
late, little longer than the fruiting pedicels; flower-
ing calyx oval-campanulate, its teeth acute,
about one-third as long as the tube; fruiting calyx
oblong, 3"-4" long; corolla rose-pink, neatly or
quite l' long.
In moist soil, Virginia to Florida and Texas. June-
Auff.
3. Physostegia intermedia (Nutt.) A.
Gray. Slender Lion's Heart. (Fig. 3102.)
Dracocephalum iiilermedium Nutt. Trans. Am.
Phil. Soc. (II.) 5: 187. 1831-37.
Plivsostegia intermedia A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
8: 3ri- '^72-
Stem very slender, usually quite simple, i°-3°
high. Leaves usually few pairs, remote, thin,
mostly shorter than the internodes, narrowly
lanceolate or linear, acute or acuminate at the
apex, repand-denliculatc, little narrowed at the
base, all sessile, or the lowest petioled, 1'-}/
long, 2"-4''' wide; spikes very slende." remotely
many-flowered, 4'-8' long in fruit; lower bracts
often nearly as long as the canipanulate calyx;
calyx-teeth acute, shorter than the tube; fruit-
ing calyx broadly oval, 2"-2;^" long; corolla
much dilated above, s"-?" long.
On prairies, western Kentucky (accordinff to
Gray), Louisiana, Arkansas and Texas. May-July.
4. Physostegia parvifldra Nutt. Purple
or Western Lion's Heart. (Fig. 3103.)
Physostegia parviflora Nutt.; llenth. in DC. Prodr.
12: 434. As synonym. 1848.
Stem rather stout, usually simple, i°-3° high,
Leaves lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or ovate-
lanceolate, acute, acuminate or the lower ob-
tuse at the apex, sharply serrate or dentate,
somewhat narrowed at the base, all sessile or
the lowest petioled, ■s'-\' long, 3"-io" wide;
spikes densely several-many-flowered, i''-4'
long; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute,
shorter than the calyx; flowering calyx cani-
panulate, its teeth ovate, obtuse or subacute,
about one-third as long as the tube; fruiting
calyx globose-oblong, 2"-3" long; corolla pur-
ple, 6" long.
In moist soil, Minnesota to Nebraska, west to
Hritish Columbia and Oregon. June-Au(f.
W'
Vol.. III.]
MINT FAMILY.
9'
-4'
14. SYNANDRA Nutt. Gen. 2: 29. 1818.
An anuual or biennial, somewhat hirsute, simple or little branched herb, with long-peti-
olcd ovate cordate crenate leaves, and large white flowers in a terminal leafy-bractcd spike.
Calyx campanulateoblong, membranous, deeply 4cleft, inflated in fruit, faintly and irregu-
larly veined, the lobes narrowly lanceolate, the two upper shorter than the lower. Corolla
inuch longer than the calyx, its tube narrow below, much expanded above, 2-lipped; upper
lip concave, entire; lower lip spreading, ,vlobed. Stamens 4, didynanious, ascending under
the upper lip of the corolla; iilamcuts villous; anthers glabrous, 2-cellcd, the sacs divaricate,
the contiguous ones of the upper pair of stamens sterile and connate. Ovary deeply 4-lobed;
stylo unequally 2-cleft at the summit. Nutlets ovoid, smooth, sharply angled. [Greek,
stamens-together.]
A nionotypic genus of southeastern North America.
I. Synandra hispidula (Miclix.) Britton.
Synaiidra. (Fig. 3104.)
I.amium hispidulum Miclix. Fl. l!or. Am. 2: 4. 1803.
Sviiandra grand ijli»a Nutt. Gen. 2: 29. 1818.
Torreva f;> and i flora Raf. Am. Month. Mag. 3:356. 1818.
6'. hispidula Hritton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 283. 1S94.
Stem rather slender, erect or a.sceuding, weak,
l°-2'A° long, striate. Leaves thin, the lower and
basal ones broadly ovate, or nearly orbicular, pal-
niately veined, acute or obtuse at the apex, deeply
cordate at the base, the blade 2'-4' long, and com-
monly shorter than the petiole; floral leaves ses-
sile, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
the flowers solitary in their axils, the uppermost
leaves very small; calyx hirsute, its lobes about as
long as the tube; corolla i'~i'/i' long, showy, the
lower lip with purple lines.
Along streams and in wet woods, Ohio and Illinois to
southwestern Virginia and Tennessee. Ascends to
3500 ft. in Virginia. May-June.
15. PHLOMIS L. Sp. PI. 584. 1753.
Tall perennial herbs, or shrubs. Calyx tubular or tubular-campanulate, 5-10-nerved,
the limb mostly equally 5-toothed. Corolla-tube usually with a woolly ring within, shorter
than or exceeding the calyx, the limb strongly 2-lippcd; upper lip erect, concave, arched or
sometimes keeled, entire or emargiuate; lower lip spreading, ^-cleft. Stamens 4, didyna-
nious, ascending under the upper lip of the corolla, the anterior pair the longer and their
filaments with hooked appendages at the base; anther-sacs divergent. Ovary deeply
4-lobed; style subulate, 2-clcft at the summit, one of the lobes smaller than the other.
Nutlets ovoid, glabrous, or pubescent above. [Greek, muUcn, in allusiou to the thick
woolly lea.es of some species.]
About 50 species, natives of the Old World.
1. Phlomis tuberdsa I,. Jerusalem Sage.
(Fig. 3105.)
Plilomis tuberosa L. Sp. PI. 586. 1753.
Herbaceous from a thickened root; stem stout,
purplish, glabrous or loosely pubescent above, usu-
ally much branched, 3°-6° tall, the branches nearly
erect. Lower leaves triangular-ovate, long-pctioled,
acuminate or acute at the apex, coarsely dentate or
incised-dentate, rather thick, deeply cordate at the
base, strongly veined, 5'-io' long, 3'-6' wide; upper
leaves lanceolate, short-petiolcd or sessile, truncate
or sometimes narrowed at the base, the uppermost
(floral) very small; clusters densely many-flowered;
bractlets subulate, ciliate-hirsute or nearly glabrous;
calyx ^"-d" long, its teeth setaceous with a broader
base, spreading; corolla io"-i2''' long, paie purple
or white, twice as long as the calyx, densely pu-
bescent, and the margins of its upper lip fringed
with long hairs.
In waste places, south shore of Lake Ontario. Nat-
uralized from southern Europe. June-Sept.
92
LABIATAE.
[Vol. III.
16. GALEOPSIS L. Sp. PI. 579. 1753.
Erect annual branching herbs, with l)road or narrow leaves, and rather small yellow red
purple or mottled verticillate-clustcrcd flowers in the upper axils, or forming terminal dense
or interrupted spikes. Calyx canipanulatc or tubular-campanulate, .s-io-nerved, 5-tootlied,
the teeth nearly equal, spinulose. Corolla-tube narrow, the throat expanded, the limb
strongly 2-lipped; upper lip erect, concave, entire; lower lip spreading, 3-clcft, the middle
lobe obcordate or emarginate. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending under the upper lip of the
corolla, the anterior pair the longer; anthers 2-celled, the sacs transversely 2-valved, tlie
inner valve ciliate, the outer smooth, larger. Ovary deeply 4-parted; style 2-cleft at the
summit. Nutlets ovoid, slightly flattened, smooth. [Greek, weasel-like.]
About 6 spi'cies, natives of Huropi' and .X.sia.
Plant puberulent; leaves linear or lanceolate. i. (7. I.ndaiitim.
Plant iiispid; leaves ovale.
2. G. Ttlrahit.
I. Galeopsis Ladanum L. Red Hemp-
Nettle. Ironwort. (Fig. 3106.)
Galeopsis Ladanum I,. Sp. PI. 579. 175.V
Puberulent ; stem slender, erect, much
branched, 6'-iS'' high, the branches ascend-
ing. Leaves linear, oblong, or lanceolate,
mostly short-petiolcd, acute at both ends,
dentate, or nearly entire, i'-2' long, 2"-.S"
wide; flower-clusters mainly axillary, distant;
calyx-teeth subulate-lanceolate, shorter than
or ecjuallirg the tube; corolla 6"-S" long, red
or purple to white and variegated, twice the
length of the calyx.
In waste places and on ballast. New lirunswick
to KIiehif;an and New Jersey. Adventive or natn-
ralized from ICutope. Native also of .\sia. July-
Oct.
2. Galeopsis Tetrahit L. Hemp-Nettle.
Hemp Dead Nettle. (Fig. 3107.)
Galeopsis Tcliahit I,. Sp. PI. 579. I7,s,v
A coarse and rough-hairy herb, the stem rather
stout, branched, i°-3° high, swollen under the
joints. Leaves ovate, membranous, slender-peti-
oled, acuminate at the apex, rounded or narrowed
at the base, coarsely dentate, 1'-^' long, Yi'-iyi'
■wide; flower-clusters axillary, dense, or in a short
leafy-bracted spike; calyx-teeth needle-pointed,
bristly, as long as or longer than the tube; corolla
8"- 1 2" long, pink or pale purple variegated with
white, about twice the length of the calyx.
In waste places, Newfoundland to British Columbia
and Alaska, south to North Carolina and Michigan.
Naturalized from ICurope. Native also of Asia. Old
names, Hee-, I)o({ , or Rlindnettle, StiuKing Nettle,
Nettle-, Wild-, or liastard-hei.ip. June-Sept.
17. LEONURUS L. Sp. PI. 584. i75,V
Tall erect herbs, with palmately cleft, parted or dentate leaves, and small white or pink
flowers verlicillatc in dense axillary clusters. Calyx tubular canipanulate, 5-nerved, nearly
regular and e(iually 5-toothed, the teeth rigid, sul)ulate or aristate. Tube of the corolla in-
cluded or slightly exscrted, its limb 2-lipped; upper lip erect, concave or nearly flat, entire;
lower lip spreading or deflcxed, 3-lobed, the middle lobe browl, obcordate or cmaiginate.
Stamens 4, didynamous, the anterior pair the longer, ascending under the upper lip of the
corolla; anthers 2-celled, the sacs mostly parallel. Ovary deeply 4 parted; style 2cleft at
the summit. Nutlets 3-sided, smooth. [Greek, lion's-tail.]
About 10 species, natives of Kurope and .\sia.
Lower leaves palmately 2-5cleft, the upper ,5-eleft. i. /.. Ciidiaca.
Leaves deeply j parted, the segments cleft and incised. 2. A. Sihiricus.
Leaves coarsely dentate or incised-dentate. 3. L. Ma> rubiashiim.
Vor,. III.]
MINT FAMILY.
93
I. Leonurus Cardiaca L,. Mother-
wort. (Fig. 3108.)
Leonurus Cardiaca I,. Sp. PI. 5S4, 1753.
Perennial, puberuleut; stem rather stout,
strict, conmiouly branched, 2°-5° tall, the
branches straight and ascending. Leaves
nienibranous, slender-petioled, the lower
nearly orbicular, palmately 3-5-clcft, 2'-4''
broad, the lobes acuminate, incised or dentate;
upper (floral) leaves narrower, oblong-lanceo-
late or rhombic, deleft, or the uppermost
merely 3-tootlied; flower-clusters numerous,
exceeded by the petioles; calyx-teeth lanceo-
late, subulate, somewhat spreiuling, nearly as
long as the tube; corolla pink, purple or white,
,//_.// long, its tube with an oblitiuc ring of
hairs within, its upper lip slightly concave,
densely white-woolly without, the lower lip
mottled; anther-sacs parallel.
In waste places, especially about dwellinRs,
Nova Scotia to North Carolina, Miinicsota and
Nebraska. Naluralizt-d from ICurope. Native al-
so of Asia. Also called Cowthwort. June-.Sept.
2. Leonurus Sibiricus L. Siberian
Motherwort or Lion'. s-taiL (Fig. 3109.)
Leonurus Sibiricus I,. .Sp. PI. 5L4. I7,S.V
liiennial, puberulent or glabratc; stem stout,
branched, 2°-6° high, the branches slender.
Leaves long-petioled, deeply 3-parted into ovate
or lanceolate, more or less cuneate, acute or
acuminate deeply cleff and incised segments,
the lobes lanceolate or linear, acute; lower
leaves sometimes 6' wide, the uppermost linear
or lanceolate, slightly toothed or entire; clus-
ters numerous, dense, usually all axillary;
calyx campanulate, 3" long, glabrous or mi-
nutely puberulent, its bristle-shaped teeth
slightly spreading, shorter than the tube; cor-
olla purple or red, densely puberulent without,
.\"-6" long, its tube naked within, the upper
lip arched; anther-sacs divergent.
In waste and cultivated soil, soiuliern Pennsylva-
nia and Delaware. Naturalized from eastern .^sia.
Widely distributed in tropical America as a weed.
May-Sept.
17.S,?-
3, Leonurus Marrubiastrum
Hoarhound Motherwort or
Uon's-tail. (Fig. 31 10.)
Leonurus Marrubiastrum L. Sp. PI. 584.
liiennial, puberulent or pubescent; stem
stout, branched, 2°-5° high. Leaves pcti-
oled, ovate or ovate oblong, acute or >I uise
at the apex, narrowed at the base, coarsely
crenate or incised-dentate, i'-3' long, J^'-
lYi' wide, the upper narrower; flower-clus-
ters dense, numerous, axillary; calyx finely
puberulent or glabra te, its bristle-shaped
somewhat spreading teeth mostly shorter
than the tube; corolla nearly white, glabratc,
about 4" long, its tube scarcely exceeding the
calyx, naked within, its lower lip ascending.
In waste places, New Jersey (according to S.
Watson), southern Pennsylvania and Delaware.
Naturalized from ICurope. •^' ••-- ■'-- ■'
]une-Sept.
Native also of Asia.
.".»'*PfiF,'-V
94
LABIATAE.
[Vol.. III.
i8. LAMIUM L. Sp. PI. 579- 1753-
Annual or perennial m.s.ly diffuse herbs, with crenale dentate or incised, usually cordate
leaves, and rather small flowers, verticillate in axillary and terminal clusters. Calyx tubular-
campanulate, about 5- nerved, 5-toothed, the teeth equal or the upper ones longer. Tube of
the corolla mostly longer than the calyx, its limb 2-lippcd; upper lip concave, erect, usually
entire, narrowed at the base; lower lip spreading, 3-cleft, the middle lobe eniarginate, con-
tracted at the base, the lateral ones sometimes each with a tooth-like appendage. Stamens
4, didynamous, ascending under the upper lip of the corolla, the anterior pair the longer;
anthers 2-celled, the sacs divaricate, often hirsute on the back. Ovary deeply 4-parted;
style 2-cleft at the summit. Nutlets smooth or tuberculate. [Greek, throat, from the rin-
gent corolla.]
About 40 species, natives of the Old World, known as Dcad-Nettle or HedRc Dend-Nettle.
l';''f,cr leaves sessile or clasping. i. /,. amplexicaule.
V'aves all petioled.
Flowers red or purple.
Corolla 6"-9" long; leaves not blotched. 2.
Corolla io"-i2" long; leaves commonly blotched. ,•5.
Flowers white. 4.
Lamium amplexicaule L.
Nettle.
L. f>urpureum.
L. macula/ urn.
/,. album.
Henbit. Greater Henbit. Henbit Dead-
(Fig. 31 II-)
Lamium amplexicaule I.. Sp. PI. 579. 175,^
Biennial or annual, sparingly pubescent;
stems slender, weak, branched from the
base or also from the lower axils, slender,
ascending or decumbent, 6'-i8'' long.
Leaves orbicular or nearly so, coarsely cren-
ate, '/I'-iYz' wide, rounded at the apex, the
lower slender petioled, mostly cordate at
the base, the upper sessile and more or less
clasping; flowers rather few in axillary and
terminal clusters; calyx pubescent, its teeth
erect, nearly as long as the tube; corolla
purplish or red, 6"-8''' long, its tube very
slender, the lateral lobes of its lower lip
very small, the middle one spott d; upper
lip somewhat pubescent.
In waste and cultivated ground, New Bruns-
wick to Ontario and Minnesota, south to Flor-
ida and Arkansas. Naturalized from Furope.
Native also of .\sia. Feb.-Oct.
2. Lamium purpureum L. Red
Dead Nettle. (Fig. 3112.)
Lamium puiputeum I<. Sp. PI. 579. 175,^.
Annual, slightly pubescent, branched
from the base and sometimes also above;
stems stout or slender, decumbent, 6'-i8'
long. Leaves crenate or crenulate, the
lower orbicular or broadly ovate, slender-
petioled, rounded at the apex, cordate at
the base, the upper ovate, short-petioled,
sometimes acute at the apex, yi'-i}i'
long; flowers in axillary and terminal
clusters; calyx teeth narrowly lanceolate,
acuminate, slightly longer than the tube,
spreading, at least in fruit; corolla pur-
ple-red, rarely exceeding yi' long, its tube
rather stout, the lateral lobes of its lower
lip reduced to I or 2 short teeth, its middle
lobe spotted; upper lip very pubescent.
In waste and cultivated soil, Rhode Island to Pennsylvania. Also in ballast about the northern
.seaports. Naturalized or adventive from Kurope. Native also of Asia. Old names, Red or Sweet
Archangel, Day-, Dog-, French-, or Deaf-nettle, Rabbit-meat. April-Uct.
, |i|i|iiiir<ii|iy»f (j*>'^«uii.i^j^« y m. «}^J
Vol. III.]
MINT FAMILY.
95
3. Lamium macul^tum L. Spotted Dead Nettle. Variegated Dead Nettle.
(Fig. 31 '3-)
Lamium ntaculalitm L. Sp. PI. Hd. 2, Sog.
Perennial, somewhat pubescent; stems
mostly slender, commonly branched, de-
cumbent or ascending, fS'-iy^" long.
Leaves crenate or incised-crcnate, all
petioled, usually longitudinally blotched
along the midrib, broadly ovate or trian-
gular-ovate, acute or obtuse, truncate or
cordat. at the base, i''-2' long, or some of
the lower ones much smaller and nearly
orbicular; clusters few- flowered, mainly
axillary; calyx-teeth lanceolate-subulate,
as long as or longer than the tube, spread-
ing; corolla io"-i2''' long, purple-red, its
tube short, contracted near the base, with
a transverse ring of hairs within, the lat-
eral lobes of its lower lip very small.
Alonfj roadsides, escaped from gardens,
Maine to Virginia. Native of Ivurope and
Asia. May-Oct.
Lamium album Iv. White Dead Nettle. (Fig. 31 14.)
Lamium album L. •5p. PI. 579. 1753.
Perennial, pubescent; stems decumbent
or ascending, rather stout, simple or
branched, i°-i|^° long. Leaves ovate,
crenate, dentate or incised, all petioled,
acute or acuminate at the apex, cordate or
truncate at the base, i'-3' long, or the
lower shorter and obtuse; clusters mostly
axillary; calyx-teeth very slender, subu-
late, spreading, usually longer than the
tube; corolla white, about i' long, its tube
short, stout, contracted near the base, with
an oblique ring of hairs within, the lateral
lobes of its lower lip each with a slender
tooth.
In waste places, Ontario to Virginia. Also
in ballast about the northern seaports. Natu-
ralized or.idventive from Ivurope. Old names,
White Archangel, Day-, Blind-, Dumb-, or
Bee-nettle, Snake-flower, Suck-bottle. April-
Get.
19. BALLOTA L. Sp. PI. 582. 1753.
Perennial pubescent or tomentose herbs, some species shrubby, with dentate or crenate
leaves, and small bracted flowers in axillary clusters. Calyx tubular-funnelform, lo-nerved,
5-10-toothed, the teeth dilated at the base, or sometimes connate into a spreading limb.
Corolla-tube about as long as the calyx, provided with a ring of hairs within, the limb
strongly 2-lipped; upper lip erect, concave, eniarginate, lower lip spreading, 3-lobcd, the
middle lobe eniarginate or obcordate. Stamens 4, didynanious, ascending under the upper lip
of the corolla, the anterior pair the longer; anther-sacs divergent at maturity. Ovary deeply
4-lobed; style 2-cle(t at the summit. Nutlets ovoid, smooth. [The Greek name.]
About 30 species, natives of the Old World, most numerous in the Mediterranean region.
96
LAHIATAE.
[Vol,. III.
I. Ballota nigra L. Black or Fetid Hoar-
hound. (Fig. 31 15.)
liallola nig: I a L. Sp. I'l. 582. 1753.
Herbaceous, pul)erulent or pubescent, ill-scented;
stem usually branched, erect, i^^°-3° liigli, its hairs
mostly rcflexed. Leaves slender-pctioled, ovate, or
the lower nearly orbicular, acute or obtuse at the
apex, coarsely dentate, thin, narrowed, truncate or
subcordatc at the base, I'-z'long; clusters numer-
ous, several-flowered, dense; bractlets subulate,
somewhat sliorter than the calyx; calyx about 4"
long, its teeth lanceolate, sharp bristle-pointed,
spreading in fruit; corolla 6"-9" long, reddish-pur-
ple to whitish, its upper lip pubescent on both sides;
nutlets shining.
Ill waste places, eastern Massncliusetts to Pennsylva-
nia. Naturalized from liurope. Tune-Sept. Old iiaincs.
Black Archangel, Ilairhouiid, llenbit
20. STACHYS L. v3p. PI. 580. 1753.
Annual or perennial glabrous pubescent or ui.sute herbs, with small or rather large pur-
ple yellow red or white flowers, loosely verticillate-":lustered in terminal dense or interrupted
spikes, or also in the upper axils. Calyx mostly campanulate, 5-10-nerved, 5-toothed, the
teeth nearly equal in our species. Corolla purple in our species, its tube narrow, not exceed-
ing the calyx, the limb strongly 2-lipped; upper lip erect, concave, entire or emarginate; lower
lip spreading, 3-cleft, the middle lobe broader than the lateral ones, sometimes 2-lobed. Sta-
mens 4, didynanious, ascending under the upper lip of the corolla, the anterior pair the longer,
sometimes deflexed or twisted after anthesis; anthers contiguous in pairs, 2-celled, the sacs
mostly divergent. Ovary deeply 4-lobed; style 2-cleft at the summit into subulate lobes.
Nutlets ovoid or oblong. [Greek, a spike, from the spicatc inflorescence.]
About 150 species, of wide Reograpliic dislribution in the north temperate zone, a few in South
America and South .Africa, liesides the following, some 12 others occur in the southern and
southwestern United Slates.
Leaves narrowed at the base, linear to lanceolate.
Stem glabrous; leaves entire, or nearly so. i.
Stem retrorsely hirsute; leaves .serrulate.
Leaves cordate or truncate at the base, lanceolate to ovate.
Stem glabrous or very nearly so,
Stem liirsute.
Leaves all very short-petioled, lanceolate. 4.
Leaves, at least tlie lowei, slender-petioled.
Leaves lanceolate or ovate, acute or acuminate.
Plant dark green; leaves firm; petioles ,V'-iS" long. 5. 5. aspera.
Plant light green; leaves membranous; petioles '^'-2' long. 6. S. coidala.
Leaves ovate, obtuse; diffuse annual. 7. 5. aryensis.
I. Stachys hyssopifolia Michx.
Hyssop Hedge Nettle. (Fig. 31 16.)
S. />a/iis/ris\\'ah. Kl. Car 1O2. 1788. Not L. I75,?-
5. Iiyssopi/olia Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: .(. 1803.
. Perennial, glabrous or very nearly so
throughout, sometimes slightly hirsute at
the nodes; stem slender, usually branched,
erect or diffuse, i°-ij2° long. Leaves thin,
linear or linear-oblong, acute at both ends, or
the uppermost rounded at the base, short-
petioled or sessile, entire, or sparingly den-
ticulate with low teeth, i'-2' long, 1%"-^"
wide, the uppermost reduced to short floral
bracts; clusters few-several- flowered, forming
an interrupted spike; calyx glabrous or
slightly hirsute, 2"-'s" long, its teeth lanceo-
late-subulate, nearly as long as the tube; co-
rolla about 7" long, light purple, glabrous.
In moi.st fields and thickets, Massachusetts to
Florida, west to Michigan and Virginia. July-
Sept.
S. hyssopifolia.
2. 5. ambigua.
3. S. Iciittifolia.
S. paluslris.
J
"T
■s
vol,. III.]
MINT FAMILY,
2. Stachys ambigua (A. Gray) Britton.
Dense- flowered Hedge Nettle. (Fig. 31 17.)
SlacUvx hyssopifolia var. ambigua A. Gray, Syii. Fl.
2: Part I, 3S7. 187.S.
5'. ambigua Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 2S5. 189,1.
Perennial; stem slender, erect, retrorsely his-
pid, at least below, simple or sparingly branched,
i°-2° high. Leaves oblong, oblong-lanceolate,
or linear, pubescent or glabrate, acuminate or
acute at the apex, narrowed at the base, z'^-io"
wide, I'-y long, serrulate; clusters in a terminal
rather dense spike, and usually also in the upper
axils; calyx more or less hirsute, 2)4" long, its
lanceolate-subulate teeth more than one-half as
long as the tube; corolla as in the preceding.
In moist soil, eastern Pennsylvania to Georgfia,
west to Illinois and Kentucky. ]uly-Aug.
3. Stachys tenuifdlia Willd. Sriooth
Hedge Nettle. ( Fig. 31-^-)
Stachys lenuifolia Willd. Sp. PI. 3: >oo. 1801.
S. glabra Ridd. Suppl. Cat. Ohio PI. 16. 1836.
5. 0««««a/f»."iKuntze,Rev.Gen.Pl. 531. 1891?
Perennial; stem quite smooth, or slightly
scabrous on the angles, slender, erect or as-
cending, usually branched, \°-2Yi° high.
Leaves lanceolate, oblong, or ovate-lanceo-
late, sleuder-petioled, thin, acuminate at the
apex, obtuse or subcordate at the base, sharp-
ly dentate or denticulate, dark green, a'-s'
long, yi'-i' wide; clusters several or numer-
ous in terminal spikes, or also in the upper
axils; calyx glabrous, or sparingly hirsute, 2"
long, its teeth triangular-ovate to lanceolate,
acute, one-half as long as the tube or more;
corolla about6"-8''' long, pale red and purple.
In moist fields and thickets, New York to Illi-
nois, North Carolina and Louisiana. Ascends to
400(j ft. in North Carolina. June-Aug.
4. Stachys palustris L. Hedge Nettle. Marsh or Clown's Woundwort.
(Fig. 3119.)
Stachys palustris L. Sp. PI. 580. 1753-
Perennial, hirsute or pubescent all over;
stem erect, strict, simple or somewhat branch-
ed, commonly slender, and retrorse-hispid on
the angles, i°-4° high. Leaves firm, lanceo-
late, oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, sessile, or
very short-petioled, acuminate or acute at the
apex, truncate, cordate or subcordate at the
base, 2'-^' long, %'-i' wide, crenulate or
dentate; flower-clusters forming an elongated
interrupted spike, sometimes also in the upper
axils; flowers 6-10 in a whorl; calyx pubescent,
its subulate teeth more than one-half as long
as the tube; corolla purplish to pale red, purple
spotted, 6"-8" long, its upper lip pubescent.
^* In moist soil, Newfoundland to the Northwest
Territory and Oregon, south to southern New
York, Illinois, Michigan, and in the Rocky Moun-
tains to New Mexico. Also in Europe and Asia.
June-Sept. Old names. Clown's Heal or All-heal,
Cock-head, Dead Nettle, Rough Weed. June-Sept.
98
IvAItlATAK.
5
[Vol,. III.
Stachys aspera Miclix. Rough Hedge
Nettle or Woundwort. ( Fig. 3120.)
S/ai/irs as/>rra Miclix. I'M. lior. Am. 2: ,s. iSii^
Slaclivs hisf'iiia riirsli, Kl. Am. Sfpt. 407. i8i.(.
i". paliiilris v;w. asf>eia A. Gray, Jlaii. \'A. 2, 317. 1856.
Perennial, rough h.iiry; stem erect or ascendinj;,
simple or branched, 2°-4° high, cotntnonly retrorsc-
liispid on the angles. Leaves firm, oblong, oblong-
lanceolate.or ovate-oblong.crenate-dentatc, acute or
acuminate at the apex, truncate, rounded or cor-
date at the base, 2''-6'' long, ^'-2^2' wide, the lower
slcnder-petioled, the upper short-petioled; spike
terminal, mostly interrupted; clusters soraethnes
also in the upper axils; calyx about 3" long, hirsute
or glabrate, its teeth triangular-lanceolate, acumi-
nate, about one-half as long as the tube; corolla
red-purple, about %' long, its upper lip pubescent.
In moist Sdil, Ontario to I'lorida, Sliiniesota and
Louisiana. Ascends to 531 oft. in Virginia. June-Sept.
Stachys cord£lta Riddell. Light-green Hedge Nettle.
Stachys cordala Riddell, Siippl. Cat. Oliio PI. 15. iS -/>.
Stachys Nutlallii Sliutlw.; Bentli. in DC. I'rodr. 12:
469. 1848.
Stachys f>alustris var. coidala A. Gray, Man. IJd. 2,
317. 1856.
Perennial, hirsute, pale green; stem slender,
weak, mostly simple, ascending or reclining, 2°-3°
long. Leaves membranous, flaccid, ovate, oblong
or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, acute or the lowest
obtuse at the apex, nearly all of them cordate at
the base, dentate or crenate all around, long-peti-
oled, 3'-6' long, i'-3' wide, the lowest petioles
nearly as long as the blades; spike interrupted;
calyx-teeth subulate-lanceolate, about half the
length of the tube; corolla purplish, pubescent or
puberulent, about 5" long.
In woods and thickets, Ohio to North Carolina and
Tennessee. Ascends to 2100 ft. in Virginia. ]uly-Aug.
7. Stachys arvensis I,. Corn or Field
Woundwort. (Fig. 3122.)
stachys arvensis L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 814. 1763.
Annual, hirsute; stem very slender, diffusely
branched, decumbent or ascending, t,'-2° long.
Leaves ovate or ovate-oblong, thin, long-petioled,
obtuse at the apex, crenate all around, cordate or
the upper rounded at the base, about i' long; lower
petioles commonly as long as the blades; clusters
4-6-flowered, borne in the upper axils and in short
terminal spikes; calyx about 3" long, its teeth lan-
ceolate, acuminate, nearly as long as the tube;
corolla purplish, ^"-s" long.
In waste places, Maine, Massachusetts, and in bal-
last about the eastern seaports. Naturalized from
Europe. July-Oct.
ai. BETONICA L. Sp. PI. 582. 1753.
Annual or perennial herbs, similar to Stachys. Lower leaves very long-petioled. Verti-
cils many-flowered, in terminal spikes. Calyx nearly equally 5-tootbed, s-io-nerved.
Corolla purple, the tube exceeding the calyx, the limb strongly 2-lipped; upper lip concave;
Vol,. III.]
MINT FAMILY.
99
",
lower 3-cleft, spreading. vStamens and pistil as in Stachys, but the anther-sacs parallel in
some species. Nutlets ovoid, rounded above. [The
classical Latin name of Wood Hetouy.]
Ten species, cir more, natives of Uurop^ ami Asia.
I. Betonica officinMis L. Betony. Wood ( '^\
Hetony. (Fig. 3123.)
nelonica ofticinalis I„ Sp. I'l. 57.5. ^^S^■
Slachys lUlonica lientli. l,ab. Gen. S: Sp. 5,V. i**,U.
Perennial, pilose or glabrate, deep j»rceu; stem !
der, erect, usually simple, i°-3° tall. Leaves oblong
or ovale, obtuse at the apex, crenate all around, firm,
cordate or truncate at the base, the basal and lower
ones very long-petioled, the blades 3'-6' long, the
the upper distant, short-petioled or nearly se.ssilc;
lower petioles i^'2-4 times as loug as the blades; spike
short, dense; bracts ovate, mucronate, about as long
as the calyx; calyx-teeth acicular, half as long as the
tube or more; corolla-tube exserted.
In a thicket at Newton, Mass. Fugitive from Knropc.
Also called Bishop's wort and Wild Hop. July-Scpt.
22. SALVIA I.. Sp. PI. 23. 1753.
Herbs, or some species shrubs, with clustered usually showy flowers, the clusters mot,tly
spiked, racemed, or panicled. Calyx ovoid, tubular or campanulate, mostly naked in the
throat, 2-lipped; upper lip entire or 3-toolhed; lower lip 2-cleft or 2-toothed. Corolla
strongly 2-lipped; upper lip usually concave, sometimes arched, entire, emarginate or
2-lobed; lower lip spreading, 3-eleft or 3-lobed. Anther-bearing ' imens 2 (the posterior
pair wanting or rudimentary); fdaments usually short; connective of the anthers transverse,
linear or filiform, bearing a perfect anther-sac on its upper end, its lower end dilated, capi-
tate or sometimes bearing a small or rudimentary one. Ovary deeply 4-partcd; style 2-cleft
at the summit. Nutlets smooth, usually developing mucilage and spiral tubes when wetted.
[Latin, salvus, safe, from its healing virtues.]
About 500 species, of wide distribution in temperate and tropical regions,
ing, some 25 others occur in southern and western North America.
Leaves mostly basal, only 1-3 pairs on the stem.
Leaves lyrate-pinnatiful or repand; upper corolla-lip short.
Leaves crenulate; upper lip arched, longer than the lower.
Stem leafy, bearing several pairs of leaves.
Leaves narrowly oblong, or lanceolate.
Corolla io"-i5" long, its tube exserted.
Corolla 4" -6" long, its tube not exserted.
I<eaves ovate, or broadly oval.
Upper corolla-lip short, not exceeding the lower.
Leaves merely crenate or crenulate; fruiting calyx spreading.
Leaves pinnatifid, sinuate or incised; fruiting calyx deflexed.
Upper lip of corolla arched, longer than the lower.
I. Salvia lyr^ta L. Lyre-leaved Sage,
(Fig. 3124.)
Salvia lyrata L. Sp. PI. 23. 1753.
Perennial or biennial, hirsute or pubescent;
stem slender, simple, or sparingly branched,
erect, i°-3° high, bearing i or 2 distant pairs of
small leaves (rarely leafless), and several rather
distant whorls of large violet flowers. Basal
leaves tufted, long-petioled, obovate or broadly
oblong, lyrate-pinnatifid or repand-dentate, thin,
3'-8' long; stem-leaves simitar, or narrower and
entire, sessile, or short-petioled; clusters about
6-flowered; calyx campanulate, the teeth of its
upper lip subulate, those of the lower longer,
aristulate; corolla about i' long, the tube very
narrow below, the upper lip much smaller than
the lower; filaments slender; anther-sacs borne
on both the upper and lower ends of the con-
nective, the lower one often smaller.
In dry, mostly sandy woods and thickets. New
Jersey to Florida, west to Illinois, Arkansas and
Texas. Corolla rarely undeveloped. May-July.
Besides the follow-
5. lyrata.
S. pialen.'is.
S. Pitcheri.
S. laiiccolala.
S. Hrlici/olia.
S. verbcnaca.
S. Sclarca.
-TT
loo
I^AniATAE.
[Vor,. III.
3. Salvia Pitcheri Torr,
Sage. (Fig, 3126.)
Salvia Pilclieii ton.; Heiitli. I,ab. 251. 1833.
Sah'ia a:uiea var. niandiflora lifnth. 111 DC.
I'rodr. la: 302. 1848.
Perennial, downy; stem stout, branched or
simple, erect, 2°-5° high; branches nearly erect.
Leaves linear or linear-oblong, dentate to en-
tire, sessile, or narrowed at the base into short
petioles, firm, 2'-^' long, 2"-S''' wide, the up-
permost reduced to small bracts; clusters in
long dense terminal spikes, or the lower ones
distant; calyx oblong-campanulate, densely
and finely woolly, about 3" long, its upper lip
entire, obtuse, the lower with 2 ovate acute
teeth; corolla blue, finely pubescent without, \'
long, its lower lip broad, sinuatcly 3-lobed,
longer than the concave upper one; lower ends
of the connectives dilated, often adherent to
each other, destitute of anther- sacs.
On dry plains, Missouri, Kansas and Colorado to
Texas. Introduced into Illinois. July-Sept.
2. Salvia pratensis ly. Meadow Sage.
(Fig. 3125.)
Salvia pratensis I,. Sp. I'l, 25. 1753.
Perennial, pubescent or puberulcnt; stem
erect, rather stout, simple or little branched,
sparingly leafy. Basal leaves long-pctio!ed,
ovate, oblong, or ovate-lanceolate, irregularly
crenulate, obtuse at the apex, rounded or cor-
date at the base, thick, rugose, 2'-7' long;
stem leaves much smaller, narrower, commonly
acute, sessile or nearly so; clusters spicate, the
spike elongated, interrupted; calyx campanu-
late, glandular-pubescent, the teeth of the up-
per lip minute, those of the lower long, subulate;
corolla purple, minutely glandular, its upper
lip strongly arched, mostly longer than the
lower; lower end of the connective with a
small or imperfect anther-sac.
Atlantic Co., N. J. Fugitive or adventive from
Hurope. May-July.
Pitcher's i;^
4. Salvia lanceol^ta Willd. Lance-leaved
Sage. (Fig. 3127,)
Salvia lanceolala Willd. Enum. 37. 1809.
Annual, pubcrulent or glabrous; stem leafy, usually
much branched, erect or diffuse, e'-iS' high. Leaves
oblong, Hnear-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, petiolcd,
mostly obtuse at the apex and narrowed at the base,
crenulate-dentatc or entire, i'-2' long, 2'^-^" wide,
the upper reduced to lanceolate-subulate, rather per-
sistent bracts; flowers mostly opposite, but sometimes
3-4 together in the terminal spike-like racemes; pedi-
cels shorter than the campauulatc calyx; calyx 2"-^
long, its upper lip ovate, entire, the lower 2-cleft, the
teeth ovate, mucronatc; corolla blue (?) about 4"
long, its lower lip narrow, twice as long as the upper;
lower ends of the connectives dilated.
On plains, Nebraska and Colorado to Texas, Arizona
and Mexico. May-Sept.
Vol,. III.]
MINT
5. Salvia urticifdlia L. Nettle-leaved
Sage. (Fig. 3 '28.)
Sal: lit ur/iii/dlia I,. Sp. I'l. zj. i75,v
rereiiiiial, putiesceiit, puberulent or nearly
glabrous; stem Klandular above, rather slender,
ascendin>; or erect, \°-2° high. Leaves thin,
ovate, 3'-4' lonn, irregularly dentate or crenate-
dentate, usually acute at the apex, abruptly
contracted below into margined petiolcsj clus-
ters several flowered, in terminal interrupted
spikes; bracts early deciduous; calyx oblong-
canipanulate, about 3" long, the upper lip mi-
nutely 3-toothed, the lower 2-cleft, its teeth
triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, spreading in
fruit; corolla puberulent without, 6"-S" long,
blue and white, the lower lip broad, 3-lobcd,
twice as long as the upper; lower ends of the
connectives dilated.
In woods and thicki'ts, Marylatiu to Kentucky,
south to Georgia and Louisiana. Ajjril-Juuf.
.;/ .
6. Salvia verben^ca L. Wild Sage.
Wild Clary. (Fig. 3129.)
Salvia verbenaca L. Sp. PI. 25. 175,^.
Perennial; stem glandular-pubescent, erect,
simple or sparingly branched, i °-2° high. Leaves
ovate, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, coarsely and
irregularly incised-dentatc or pinDatifid,petioled,
or the uppermost sessile, the lower 3''-8' long,
obtuse at the apex, cordate at the base, nearly
glabrous, the upper acute, much smaller; floral
bracts broadly ovate, short; clusters several-
flowered in elongated terminal interrupted
spikes; pedicels shorter than the calyx; calyx
deflexed in fruit, 2>"-\" long, its upper lip re-
curved-spreading, with 3 minute connivent teeth,
the lower one with 2 lanceolate acuminate
nmcrouate teeth; corolla blue, about 4" long,
its upper lip nearly straight, scarcely longer than
the lower; lower ends of the connectives dilated
and adnate to each other.
Ill waste places, Ohio to South Carolina. Natural-
ized from ICurope. Native also of Asia. June-Aujf.
7. Salvia Scl£trea I,. Clary. Clear-
eye. See-bright. (Fig. 3130.)
Salvia Sclarea \^. Sp. PI. 27. 1753.
Biennial or annual, glandular-pubescent;
stem stout, erect, 2°-3>^° high. Leaves
broadly ovate, rugose, acute or obtuse at the
apex, cordate at the base, irregularly dentate-
crenate or denticulate, the lower long-petiolcd,
6'-8' long, the upper small, short-petioled or
sessile; clusters several-flowered, numerous in
terminal spikes; bracts broad, ovate, acumin-
ate, commonly longer than the calyx, pink or
white; calyx campanulate, deflexcd-sprcading
in fruit, \"-'=)" long, its lips about equal, the
teeth all subulate-acicular; corolla blue and
■white, about \' long; upper lip arched, laterally
compressed, longer than the lower one; lower
portions of the connectives dilated.
In fields, Pennsylvania, escaped from gardens,
Naturalized from Europe. The mucilage of the
seeds used to clear specks from the eye. June-Aug.
I03
LAIilATAI-
[Vol.. III.
23. MONARDA L. S]). PI. 22. 175.V
Perenninl or ntimi.il or'-cl aroiniitii- lii-rlm, willi ilfiitiitc or nL-rralc li-avcs, nnd rather
lar^e white ri-il jnirple yellowish or iiiottleil llowiTS, in ileiiso capitate ilusters, mostly liract-
cate mill bractcolatf, tenniiial aiitl sotiirtiines also axillary, the liracts sotnetitiieH liri^htly
colored. Calyx tulmlar, narrow, i.siierved, nearly or c|uite eciually 5-tootlied, mostly villouft
in the throat. Corolla Klabrou!) within, usually piilieruleiit or K''><<<1'dar witliout, the tuhe
slightly ilil.itcd ahove, the limb 2-lippeil; upper lip erect or archeil, emar).;itiati> or entire;
lower lij) spreadinK, .vlolicd, the middle lolie larger or longer than the othcrH. .\ntlier-
heariuK stamens 2, asceiidiuf;, usually exserted, the posterior pair (staminodiai rudimentary
or wanting?; anthers linear, versatile, 2-eelleil, tlie sacs divaricate, more or less confluent at
thel)ase. Ovary deeply .|-])arted; style 2-clefl at 1 he apex; nutletsovoid, smooth. [In honor
of Nicolas Monardcs, n Spanish physician and botanist of the sixteenth century.]
Aliiiut 10 species, natives of Noitli Atiicriea ami Mexico.
Klower chistiTs solitary, terminal (r.iii ly also in the iipperniost axils).
Leaves manilestly petiiiled. tile petiules enmiiKiiily slender.
('oroUa scarlet, 1 ' ' 2' Imin; liracts red. 1. .1/. Jittjiiia.
Corolla white, pink, or purple. I'-i '/ loiiif-
Leaves iiiemhraiious; corolla slinhtly puticsceiit, 10" ij" lon^. 2. .1/. Clinnpodia.
Leaves thin or linn; eoiolla puluseent, 1' 1 ' ' lon^.
I'uliesceiice spreading; leavis tliiii.
Corolla cream color, jiitik. or (lurplish.
Corolla or bracts deep jmriile or purple red.
Pubescence short, canesceiit; leaves linn, pale.
I.e.ives sessile, or very short pctiolcd.
Flower clusters both axillary and terminal.
Calyx teelli triaiiKularlaneeolate; corolla yellowish, mottled.
Calyx teeth subulate aristate; corolla wliili' or purple, not mottled.
;1A fisliilKsa.
M. ntfiiia.
ilA scahid.
M. Ihadburiana.
Af. punctata.
M. ciiriodoia.
X. Monarda didyma
L. Oswego Tea
American Bee Balm. (Fig. 3131.)
AfoiiaiJa ilidynia I,. ,Sp. I'l. 22. 17,53.
Perennial; stem stout, simple or branched,
villous pubescent, at least at the nodes, or gla-
brate, 2°-,{° high. Leaves thin, ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, petioled, dark green, usually with
some villous pubescence beneath and short scat-
tered hairs above, acuminate at apex, rounded or
narrowed at the base, sharply serrate, 3'-6' long,
1 '-3' wide; lower petioles often i' long; flower-
clusters almost always solitary, terminal; bracts
commonly red; calyx incurved, nearly or quite
glabrous without, slightly hirsute in the throat,
its teeth subulate, nearly erect, about as long as
thediameterof the tube; corolla scarlet, iVi'-a'
long, sparingly puberulent; stamens exserted.
In moist soil, especially aXowK streams. New
lirunswick (?) to Ontario and MichiKin, south to
Georgia. Ascends to 521x1 ft. in North Carolina.
Called also Fragrant Kalni, Mountain Mint and In-
dian's Plume. July-Sept.
2. Monarda Clinopddia I.,. Basal Balin.
(Fig. 3132,)
Monarda Clinopodia I,. Sp. PI. 22. 17,53.
Pycnanlhemum Monardella Michx. Fl. Dor. Am. 3:
8. pl.s4- 1803.
Perennial; stem slender, simple, or with few long
ascending branches, glabrous or slightly villous,
i°-3° high. Leaves lanceolate, ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, membranous, bright green, mostly slen-
der-petioled, more or less villous on the veins be-
neath and puberulent above, acuminate at the
apex, rounded, narrowed or rarely subcordate at
the base, sharply serrate, 2'-\' long, Yi'-i' wide;
clusters solitary, terminal; bracts pale or white;
calyx curved, nearly glabrous without, somewhat
hirsute in the throat, its teeth subulate, slightly
spreading, about as long as the diameter of the
tube; corolla yellowish-pink, slightly pubescent,
\o"-\i" long; stamens exserted.
In woods and thickets, Ontario to Georgia and Ken-
tucky. Ascends to 5000 ft. in North Carolina. June-Aug,
Vol,. III.]
MINT rAMILV.
103
3. Monarda fistuldsa I.. Wild Uciga-
inot. (Via. ,^i,VV)
Afiiiiiiitia /islii/ii\,i I,. Sj). IM. J.', I-SV
AfoiKinla niti//h I,. Ainncii. Aiail. 3 vi'i. I7,S1
Afiiiiiti://! Ji^/ii/nut var, inii//i.\ lliiilli. I.ali. ('iiii. N:
Sp. ,(17. Ill part. jHv;.
rtrcimial, villoiis-pubi-aecnt or f{l->'>rntc; stciii
sli'iidfr, usually l)raiiclii;(l, J"-^" liiRli. I.cavt'si
thin l)ilt not tni'iiiliraiiou!), Krt'L'ti, iiKiially slen-
der pttioled, laiutolate, ovate or ovati'-laiicco.
late, nctiininate at tlie apex, serrate, roundt'il,
narrowed or sometimes cordate at the liase, I 'i '-
4' loiiK, '•'-!' 1' wide; clusters solitary and
terminal, or rarely also in the nppermost axils;
limits whitish or purplish; calyx puberuleiit or
fflabrous, densely villons in the throat, its sulni-
latc teeth rarely lonxL'r than the diameter of the
tuhe; corolla puhescent, especially on the upper
lip, yellowish-pink or purplish, i'-i>j' long;
stamens exserted.
On dry hills and in thiikets. Maine and Onta-
rio ti) Minnesota, south to I'lorida ami Louisiana.
Aseeiuls to 2500 It. in Virginia. Jiiiit-Sepl.
4. Monarda media Willd. Purple
Bergamot. (Fig. 3134.)
.Tfniiaxia lufiiia Willd. ICnuni. .12. iSoq.
Afi>)iaida /isliilosii var. nihra A. Gray, Syii. I'l.
a: I'atl 1, 37(. 1878.
M. Jis/iilo.sa var. ireilia A. dray, loc. cit. i.''7H.
rcrennial, sparingly Imiry or glabrale;
stem stout, commonly branched, 2°-i%°
high. Leaves thin, hut not membranous,
dark green, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, or
the uppermost lanceolate, slender-petioled,
acuminate at the apex, sharply toothed, us-
ually rounded at the base, ,^'-5' long, i'-3'
wide; flower-clusters terminal, solitary, large;
bracts deep purple, very conspicuous; calyx
curved, glabrous, or very nearly so, slightly
villous in the throat, teeth slightly spreading;
corolla purple or purple-red, about lyi' lojig,
its upper lip pubescent; stamens exserted.
In moist thickets, Maine tu Pennsylvitnia and
Virginia, along the mountains. June-Aug.
5. Monarda scEtbra Beck. Pale Wild
Bergamot. (Fig. 3135,)
Monarda sculua Ikck, Am. Journ. ,Sci. lo: 260. 1826.
Monarda Oslulaa var. mollis Benth. I<ab. Gen, &
Sp, 317. In part. 1883.
Perennial; stem slender, puberulent at least
above, usually branched, i°-2>2° high. Leaves
thick or firm, pale, usually short-petiolcd, acum-
inate or acute at the apex, rounded, narrowed
or cordate at the base, sharply or sparingly ser-
rate, cancscent or puberulent, rarely nearly gla-
brous, sometimes with a few scattered spiead-
ing hairs on the veins or petiole, i'-i)i' long,
yi'-i' wide; flower- clusters terminal, solitary;
bracts green or slightly piak, calyx puberulent,
often hairy at the summit, densely villous in
the throat, its short subulate teeth nearly erect;
corolla yellowish or pink, about i J4 ' long, pubes-
cent, sometimes glandular; stamens exserted.
On prairies and plains, mostly in dry soil. North-
west Territory and British Columbia to Nebraska,
Missouri, Texas and Arizona, June-Aug,
'-*:f7fi<c ^f.-w^ijTf-^
104
LABIATAE.
[Vol,. III.
6. Monarda Bradburi^na Beck.
Bradburj''s Monarda. (Fig. 3136.)
Monarda liradhui iaiia Heck Am. Jourii. Sci.
10: 2(10. 1S26.
Perennial, sparingly villous or glabrate;
stem slender, often simple, i°-2° liigli.
Leaves rather thin, bright green, ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, sessile, or very nearly so, or
partly clasping by the cordate or siibcordate
base, acuminate at the apex, serrate, 2'-3>i''
long; flower-clusters solitary and terminal;
bracts green or purplish; calyx glabrous out-
side, hirsute vithin and narrowed at the
throat, its teeth long, bristle-pointed, diver-
gent, longer than the diameter of the tube;
corolla pink or nearly white, about i' long, its
upper lip pubescent or puberulent, the lower
commonly purple-spotted; stamens cxserted.
On dry hills or in thickets, Illinois to Ala-
bama, west to Missouri and Kansas. JIay-July.
"*1-^
7. Monarda punctata L. Horse-mint.
(Fig- 3137-)
Monarda punctata L. Sp. V\. 22. 1753.
Perennial, usually rather densely pubescent or
downy ; stem usually much branched, 2°-3° high.
Leaves lanceolate, linear-lanceolate or narrowly
oblong, serrate with low teeth, or nearly entire,
usually acute at both ends, green, manifestly pet-
ioled, I'-'s' long, i"-";" wide, often with smaller
ones fascicled in their axils; flower-clusters axil-
lary and terminal, numerous; bracts white or
purplish, conspicuous, acute; calyx puberulent,
villous in the throat, its teeth short, triangular-
lanceolate, acute, not longer than the diameter
of the tube; corolla yellowish, purple-spotted,
about \' long, the stamens equalling or slightly
surpassing its pubescent upper lip.
In dry fields, southern New York to Florida, west
to Wisconsin and Texas. July-Oct.
8.
Monarda citrioddra Cerv.
Monarda. (Fig. 3138.)
Lemon
M. citriodora Cerv.; Lag. Nov. Gen. & Sp. 2. 1816.
Monarda aristata Niitt. Trans. Am. Pliil. Soc. ( II. )
5: 186. iS,,,,-37.
Annual, puberulent; stem stout, simple or
branched, i°-2° high. Leaves lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate, mostly sharply serrate or
serrulate, acute at the apex, narrowed at the
base, l''-3' long, 2"-()" wide; flower-clusters
axillary and terminal, several or numerous;
bracts white or purple, conspicijous, awncd at
the tip, the awns becoming recurved; calyx-
tube nearly glabrous, the throat densely villous,
the teeth bristle-pointed, barbed, divergent or
spreading, nearly half as long as the tube ;
corolla pink or nearly white, not spotted, nearly
or quite glabrous, 10' '-12''' long; stamens not
exserted.
On dry plains, Nebraska and Colorado to Mis-
.souri, Texas and Arizona. Naturalized in Tennes-
see (according to Gray). June-Sept.
Monarda clinopodioides A. Gray, a related Texan species, with a slender stem, green or greenish
bracts, and hirsute calyx with erect broader teeth, may occur in southern Kansas.
Voi<. III.]
MINT FAMILY.
105
24. BLEPHILIA Raf. Journ. Phys. 89: gS. 18 19.
rerennial hirsute or pubescent erect herbs, with axillary and terminal dense glomcrulps
of rather small purplish or bluish flowers, or the glon;erules in terminal more or less inter-
rupted spikes. Calyx tubular, 13-ncrvcd, not villous in the throat, 2-lipped, the upper lip
3-tootheil, the lower 2-toothed, the teeth all aristate or those of the lower lip subulate.
Corolla glabrous within, the tube expanded above, the limb 2-Hpped; upper lip erect, entire;
lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe narrower than tlie lateral ones. Anther-bearing (anterior)
stamens 2, ascending, exserted or included; posterior stamens reduced to filiform staminodia,
or none; anthers 2-celled, the sacs divaricjite, somewhat confluent at the base. Ovary
deeply 4-parted; style 2-cleft at the apex. Nutlets ovoid, smooth. [Greek, eyelash, from
the fringed calyx-teeth.]
Two species, natives of eastern North Aintrica.
Pubescence short; upper letives lanceolate or obloup, sliKhtly serrate. i. H. ciliala.
I'libescence villous; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, sharply serrate. 2. B. hirsula.
I. Blephilia cilidta (I,.) Raf. Downy
Blepliilia. (Fig. 3139.)
Monarda ciliala I<. Sp. PI. 2V I7,S5.
lilepliilia ciliala Raf. Journ. Phys. 89: 9S. iSig.
Stem pubcrulcnt, or with some short-villous
pubescence above, commonly simple, i°-2° high.
Lower leaves and those of sterile shoots ovate or
oval, slender-pctiolcd, crenate-denticulate, i'-2'
long, the upper lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
short-petioled or sessile, mostly acute, longer and
narrower, nearly entire; flower-clusters in a term-
inal spike and in the uppermost axils; outer bracts
ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, usually purplish,
pinnately veined, ciliatc; calyx hirsute, the teeth
of the upper lip about one-third longer than those
of the lower; corolla purple, villouspubescent,
5'''-6" long; stamens exserted or included.
In dry woods and thickets, Massachusetts to Michi-
gan and Wisconsin, south to Georgia and Missouri.
June-Aug.
2. Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Torr.
Hairy Blephilia. (Fig. 3140.)
Afoiiarda hirsula Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 19. 1814.
Illephilia nepeloides Raf. Journ. Phys. 89: 98. 1819.
Blephilia hirsula Torr. Fl. U. S. 27. 182^.
Stem villous-pubescent, usually branched, i^i°-3°
high. Leaves membranous, ovate or ovate-lanceo-
late, acuminate at the apex, rounded or narrowed
at the base, sharply serrate, slender-petioled, 2'-4'
long, or the lower shorter and broader; flower-
dusters axillary, or in a short terminal spike;
outer bracts lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, long-
acuminate, hirsute; calyx-tube nearly glabrous, its
teeth very villous, those of the upper lip much ex-
ceeding the lower; corolla pubescent, pale purple,
rather conspicuously darker-spotted, \"-^" long.
In woods and thickets, Vermont to Wisconsin, south
to (leorgia and Texas. Ascends to 4000 ft in North
Carolina. June-Sept.
25. HEDEOMA Pers. Syii. 2: 131. 1807.
Annual or perennial, strongly aromatic and pungent herbs, with small entire or crenu-
late leaves, and small blue or purple flowers in axillary clusters, these crowded into terminal
spikes or racemes. Calyx tubular, 13-nerved, villous in the throat, the mouth mostly con-
tracted in fruit, gibbous on the lower side at the base, or nearly terete, 2-lippcd, or nearly
equally 5-toothcd, the upper lip 3-toothed, the lower 2-cleft. Corolla-limb 2-lippe<l, the upper
lip erect, entire, cmargiuate or 2-lobed, the lower spreading, 3-cleft. Terfect stamens 2, as-
cending under the upper lip, their anthers 2-celled, the sacs divergent or divaricate. Sterile
stamens (staminodia) J, minute, or none, very rarely anther-bearing. Ovary deeply 4-parted;
style 2-clcft at the summit, glabrous. Nutlets ovoid, smooth. [Greek, sweet smell.]
lo6
I.ABIATAE.
[Vol,. III.
About 15 species, natives of America. Besides the follr)\ving, some 8 t-thers occur in the south-
ern and soutliwestern States. Sometimes called Mock Pennyroyal.
Teeth of the upper lip of the calyx triangular; leaves serrate. i. H. pulegioides.
Teeth of both lips of the calyx subulate; leaves entire.
Calyx-teeth all nearly eiiual; annual. 2. H. hispiJa.
Teeth of the lower lip nearly twice as long as the upper; perennial. 3. //. DruDiinondii.
I. Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. American Pennyroyal. (Fig. 3141.)
Melissa pulegioides I,. Sp. I'l. ,S9,V 1753.
Cniiila pulegioides I,. ,Sp. PI. lid. 2, 30. 1762.
Hedeoma pulegioides Pers. Syn. 2; 131. 1807.
Annual; stem very slender, erect, much branched,
finely soft-pubescent, 6'-i8' hijjh, the branches as-
cending. Leaves ovate to obovate-ohlong, petioled,
sparingly serrate, mostly obtuse at the apex and nar-
rowed at the base, glabrous, or sparingly pubescent,
thin, Yz'-iyi' long, 2"-S" wide, the upper smaller;
clusters lew-flowered, axillary, rather loose; pedicels
pubescent, shorter than or equalling the calyx; calyx
pubescent, gibbous, oblong-ovoid in fruit, its 3 upper
teeth triangular, acute, not exceeding the 2 subu-
late hispid lower ones; corolla purple, about 3" long;
rudimentary stamens manifest, capitate at the sum-
mit, or rarely anther-hearing.
In dry fields, Cape Breton Island to Ontario and Min-
nesota, south to Florida and Nebraska. Also called
>^~ Tick-weed and Squaw-mint. July-Sept.
2. Hedeoma hispida Pursh. Rough Pennyroyal. (Fig. 3142.)
Hedeomo, hispida Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 414.
Hedeoma hirla Nutt. Gen. i: 16. 1818.
1814.
Annual; stem erect, branched, slender, 3'-'S'
high, pubescent, the branches erect-ascending, very
leafy and copiously flowered. Leaves linear, entire,
firm, sessile, or the lower short-petioled, blunt or
subacute at the apex, narrowed at the base, more or
less hispid-ciliate but otherwise mostly glabrous,
Yi'-x' long, about \" wide, the lower much shorter
and smaller; clusters axillary, numerous, crowded,
several-flowered; pedicels pubescent, shorter than
the calyx; bracts subulate, very hispid, about
equalling the calyx; calyx oblong, gibbous, hispid,
its teeth all subulate, nearly equal in length, up-
wardly curved in fruit, about one-half as long as
the tube, the 2 lower ones somewhat narrower and
more hispid than the upper; corolla about 3" long,
bluish-purple; sterile stamens rudimentary or none.
On drv plains, Illinois to the Northwest Territory,
Louisiana, Arkansas and Colorado. May-Aug.
3. Hedeoma Drumm6ndii Benth. Drum-
mond's Pennyroyal. (Fig. 3143.)
//. Dyummondii Benth. I.ab. Gen. & Sp. -568. 1814.
H. ciliata Nutt. Journ. Acad. Pliila. (II.) i: 183. 1847.
Perennial from a woody base, with an ashy down
nearly all over; stems much branched, slender, erect,
6'-i8' high, the branches ascending. Leaves oblong
or linear, entire short-petioled or sessile, obtuse at
the apex, narrowed at the base, ^"-10" long, i"-!^"
wide, the lowest shorter; clusters axillary, loosely
few-flowered; pedicels puberulent, about one-half as
long as the calyx and equalling or longer than the
subulate bracts; calyx cylindric oblong, hirsute,
slightly gibbous, its teeth all subulate, upwardly
curved and connivent in fruit, the 2 lower nearly
twice as long as the 3 upper; corolla purple, \"-fi"
long; sterile stamens rudimentary or none.
In dry soil, Nebraska and Colorado to Texas, Arizona
and northern Mexico. April-Aug.
Vor,. III.]
MINT FAMILY.
107
26. MELISSA L. Sp. PI. 592. 1753.
Leafy branching herbs, with broad dentate leaves, and rather small white or yellowish
axillary clustered somewhat secund flowers. Calyx oblong-canipanulate, deflexed in fruit,
15-nerved, nearly naked in the throat, 2-lipped; upper lip flat, 3-toothed, the lower a-parted.
Corolla exserted, its tube curved-ascending, enlarged above, naked within, the limb 2-lippcd;
upper lip erect, eniarginate; lower lip 3-cleft, spreading. Stamens 4, didynamous, connivent
and, ascending under the upper lip of the corolla; anthers 2-celled, their sacs divaricate.
/v -i^^ iJ'^^^'^J^ Ovary deeply 4-parted; style 2-cleft at the sum-
^\\fA^<^A \w^/r /O '"'t, the lobes subulate. Nutlets ovoid, smooth.
\\\<//,--'^ V,,l\ 11 /':^ [Greek, bee.]
About 4 species, natives of Europe and western
Asia,
I. Melissa officinalis I^. Garden or
Lemon Balm. Bee-balm. (Fig. 3144.)
Melissa officinalis I<. Sp. PI. 592. 1753.
Perennial, pubescent; stem rather stout, erect
or asceudir.g, i°-2/4° high. Leaves ovate,
petioled, mostly obtuse at both ends, sometimes
cordate, pinnately veined, coarsely dentate or
crenate-deutate, i'-2'/i' long. Flowers several
in the axillary clusters; pedicel shorter than
the calyx; calyx about 3" long, the teeth of its
lower lip slightly exceeding those of the upper;
corolla white, ^"-Y' long.
In waste places, thickets and woods, Maine to
Georgia and West VirRinia. Naturalized from Eu-
rope. Plant lemon-scented. Called also Balm-leaf,
Honey-plant, I'imentary, Balm-mint. June-Aug.
27. SATUREIA L. Sp. PI. 567. 1753.
Herbs or shrubs, with small entire leaves, sometimes with smaller ones fascicled in their
axils, and bracted purple flowers in dense terminal or axillary clusters. Calyx campanulate,
mostly lo-ncrved, 5-toothed, naked or rarely villous in the throat. Corolla-limb alipped,
the upper lip erect, flat, entire or emargiuate, the lower spreading, 3-cleft. Stamens 4, con-
nivent under the upper lip of the corolla; anthers 2-celled, the sacs parallel or divaricate.
Ovary deeply 4-parted; style 2-cleft at the summit. Nutlets oblong or oval. [The classical
Latin name of the plant,]
About 18 species, the following' introduced as
a garden herb from Europe, one of doubtful
affinity in Florida, the others of the Mediterran-
ean region,
I. Satureia hortensis L. Savory.
Summer Savory. (Fig. 3145.)
Satureia horlensis L, Sp, PI. 568, 1753,
Annual, puberulent; stems erect, slender,
much branched, 6'-i8' high. Leaves linear
or linear-oblong, short-petioled, entire, acute
at both ends, Yz'-iyi' long, \"-2" wide; clus-
ters 3"-5" in diameter, terminal and in many
of the upper axils; bracts linear, small, minute,
or wanting; calyx about equalling the corolla-
tube, somewhat pubescent, its teeth subulate,
about as long as the tube, ciliate; corolla little
longer than the calyx; stamens scarcely ex-
serted.
In waste places. New Brunswick and Ontario to
Pennsylvania, west to Nevada. Naturalized or ad-
ventive from Europe. July-Sept.
a8. CLINOPODIUM L. Sp. PI. 587. 1753.
[Cai.amintha Moencli, Meth. 408. 1794.]
Herbs, or low shrubs, with entire or sparingly dentate leaves, and rather large flowers
variously clustered. Calyx tubular or oblong, mostly gibbous at the base, about 13-nerved,
io8
LABIATAE.
[Vol.. III.
a-lipped, naked or villous in the throat, the upper lip 3-toothed, the lower 2-cleft. Corolla
usually expanded at the throat, the tube straight, mostly longer than the calyx, the limb
2-lipped', upper lip erect, entire or eniarginatc; lower lip spreading, 3-clcft. Stamens 4, all
anther-bearing, didynamous, ascending under the upper lip of the corolla, somewhat con-
nivent in pairs, the longer mostly exscrtcd; anthers 2-celled, the sacs divergent or divaricate.
Ovary deeply 4-parted; style glabrous, 2-cleft at the summit. Nutlets ovoid, smooth.
[Greek, bed-foot, the flowers likened to a bed-castor.]
.\bout 50 species, natives of the north temperate zone. Resides the followinfr, 3 others occur
in the southeastern United States and in California. Tlie genus lias recently been included in
Salureia by Uriiiuet (Hnfjler & Prantl, Nat. I'd. I'am. 4: Abt. 3a, 296).
-X- Flower-clusters dense, axillary and terminal, setaceous-bracted. I. C. I'Ulgaie.
•A- -X- Flower-clusters loose, axillary, or forming terminal thyrses; bracts small.
Plants pubescent; introd'.iced species.
Clusters peduncled; >'alyx not gibbous; upper leaves very small; perennials.
Leaves S'-i' long; corolla somewhat exceeding the calyx. 2. C. Xepeta.
Leaves \' -2' long: corolla at least twice as long as the calyx. ,v C. Calaminlha.
Clusters sessile; calyt very gibbous; plant leafy, annual. 4. C. Actnos.
Plants glabrous; native .species.
Leaves linear or the lower spatulate, entire; corolla .^" long. 5. C. glabrum
Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, serrate; corolla 6"-7" long.
6. C. glahelliim.
I. Clinopodium vulg^re L. Field or Wild Basil. Basil-weed. (Fig. 3146.)
Clinopodium x'lil^are L. Sp. I'l. 587. 17,^3.
Melissa Clinopodium Bentli. Lab. Gen. & Sp. .^93. 1S34.
Calaminlha Clinopodium Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12:233.
1S4S.
Perennial by short creeping stolons, hirsute;
stem slender, erect from an ascending base, usually
branched, sometimes simple, i°-2° high. Leaves
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, petioled, obtuse or acut-
ish, entire, undulate or crenate- dentate, rounded,
truncate or sometimes narrowed at the base, thin,
i'-2}4' long; flowers in dense axillary and terminal
capitate clusters about i' in diameter; bracts seta-
ceous, hirsute-ciliate, usually as long as the calyx-
tube; calyx pubescent, somewhat gibbous, the
setaceous teeth of its lower lip rather longer than
the broader ones of the upper; corolla purple, pink,
or white, little exceeding the calyx-teeth.
In woods and thickets, Nova Scotia to West Virginia,
Minnesota and Manitoba, south in tlie Rocky Moun-
tains to Colorado. Ascends to 4000 ft. in Virginia. Per-
haps introduced eastward. Native of Europe and Asia.
Called Stone Basil, Bed'sfoot, Horse Thyme. June-Oct.
Clinopodium Nepeta (L.) Kuntze. Field Balm.
(Fig. 3147.)
Lesser Calamint.
."^elissa Nepeta L. Sp. PI. 593. 1753.
Calaminlha Nepeta Link & Iloffmansg. Fl. Port. l: 14.
l8oq.
Clinopodium Nepeta Kuntze, Rev. Gon. PI. 515. 1891.
Perennial from a woody root and short rootstocks,
villous or pubescent; stem rather stout, at length
much branched, the branches nearly straight,
ascending. Leaves broadly ovate, petioled, obtuse
or acute, crenulate with few low teelh, rounded
or narrowed at the base, the lower ^'j'-i' long, the
upper much smaller and bract-like; flowers few in
the numerous loose peduncled axillary cymes,
forming an almost naked elongated thyrsus; bracts
very small, linear; c.ilyx not gibbous, villous in
the throat, about lyi" long, the teeth of its lower
lip twice as long as those of the upper; corolla
light purple or almost white, about 4" long.
In fields and waste places. Maryland to North Caro-
lina, west to Kentucky and .\rkansas. Naturalized
from Europe. Native also of Asia. Junc-Scpt.
.^iwiwu»MiiW9»#'ri|^!!?T*^-*F''^!?.'^-5^^7'^
;, ;|
Voi,. III.]
MINT FAMILY.
109
3. Clinopodium Calamintha (L.) Kuntze. Calamint. Calamint Balm.
Capmint. (Fig. 3148.)
^^rlissa Calaminiha L. Sp. PI. 593- '75.V
Calami nlhaoH'icinalii Moeucli, Metli. .^19. 1794.
Clinopodiiim Calaminiha Kuntze, Rev. Gen.
PI. 5i,i- iXg''
Perennial by creeping rootstocks, pubes-
cent or hirsute; stem .slender, branched, i°-
2>^° high. Leaves broadly ovate, petioled,
obtuse at both ends or subacute at the apex,
dentate or crcnate-deutatc, i'-2' long and
nearly as wide; inflorescence as in the pre-
ceding species, but commonly more leafy;
peduncles of the lower flower-clusters usually
longer than the petioles; calyx not gibbous,
villous in the throat, 2"-}," long, the teeth
of the lower lip twice as long as those of the
upper; corolla purplish, W-'j" long.
" Inclined to escape from cultiv.ition in a few
places " (according to Gray). Native of Europe
and Asia. Mountain Mint. June-Aug.
4. Clinopodium Acinos (L.) Kuiitze.
Basil Thyme. Basil Balm. (Fig. 3149.)
:59i
■75.S-
5. Clinopodium glabrum (Nutt.) Kuntze
(Fig. 3150-)
Hedeoma s^lahra Nutt. Gen. i; 16. 1S18.
Cal. Nullallii Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12: 2;,o. :848.
Calaminiha glabella var. Nullallii .\. Gray, Man.
ICd. 2. 307. 1856.
Clin, glabrum Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 515. 1891.
Perennial, glabrous, stoloniferous; stem very
slender, at length much branched, erect or as-
cending, 4'-l2'' high. Leaves of tlie flowering
branches linear, entire, very short-petiolcd or
sessile, mostly obtuse at the apex, obscurely
veined, 4"-9" long, y'i"-\" wide, the margins
slightly revolute; lower leaves and those of the
stolons shorter and broader, distinctly petioled;
flowers 1-4 in the axils; bracts minute; pedicels
filiform, mostly longer than the calyx; calyx
not gibbous, its throat pubescent in a ring
within, its lower teeth somewhat longer than
the upper; corolla purple, about 4" long.
On rocks and banks, western New York and
southern Ontario to Illinois and Minnesota, south
to M isouri and Texas. May-.Vug.
Thymus Acinos L. Sp. PI.
Melissa Acinos lienth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 389. 1834.
Cal. Acinos Benth. in DC Prodr. 12: 230. 1S48.
Clin. Acinos Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 513. 1S91.
Annual, pubescent; stems branched from the
base, very slender, 6'-8' high. Leaves oblong
or ovate-oblong, petioled, acutish at both ends
or the lower obtuse, crenulate or entire, 4''-8"
long; flowers about 6 in the axils, the clusters
sessile; bracts shorter than the pedicels; calyx
gibbous on the lower side, rough-hairy, longer
than its pedicel, contracted at the throat, its
subulate teeth somewhat unequal in length; co-
rolla purplish, iyz-2 times as long as the calyx.
In waste places, New York and New Jersey. Ad-
ventive from Kurope. Called also Mother-of-thyme,
Polly Mountain. May-Aug.
Low Calamint or Bed's-foot.
no
LABIATAE.
[VOT,. II.
6. Clinopodium glabellum (Miclix.) Kuntze. Slender Calaniint or Bed's-
foot. (Kig. 315 1.)
Ciinila f;labella Michx. Fl. llor. Am. i: 1,3. iSo,v
Calaminlha s;lahella Hctitli. in DC. Prodr. 12:
2,(0. 1848.
Clinopodium glabellum Kuntze, Rev. Ckii. PI.
515. 1891.
I'erennial, stoloniferous, glabrous; stems
weak, spreading or (lecunibetit, at length
freely branched, elongated, slender, S'-2°
long. Leaves membranous, oblong, short-
petioled, obtuse or the uppermost subacute
at the apex, narrowed to a cuneate base, dis-
tinctly serrate with low teeth, i'-2' long,
2"-%" wide, the lowest and those of the
stolons sometimes proportionately broader
and shorter; axils 2-5-flowered; pedicels fdi-
form, commonly twice as long as the calyx;
bracts minute; calyx not gibbous, its throat
pubescent in a ring within, its teeth nearly
equal; corolla purplish, W-"i" long.
On river banks, Kentucky and Tennessee.
Rare and local. JIay-July.
29. HYSSOPUS L. Sp. PI. 569. 1753.
A perennial erect herb, the stem somewhat woody at the base, with narrow, entire leaves,
and small bracted purple or blue flowers, in dense clusters in the upper axils, and forming
elongated terminal more or less interrupted spikes. Calyx tubular, 15-nerved, about equally
5-toothed, not hairy in the throat. Corolla-limb 2-lipped, the upper lip erect, emarginate,
the lower spreading, 3-cleft. Stamens 4, didynamous, the 2 longer ones exserted, divergent;
anthers 2-celled, the sacs divaricate. Ovary deeply 4-parted; style 2-cleft at the summit.
Nutlets ovoid, somewhat 3-sided, nearly
smooth. [Greek, an aromatic herb.]
A monotypic genus of Europe and Asia.
1. Hyssopus officin£tlis L. Hyssop.
(Fig. 3152.)
Hyssopus officinalis L. Sp. PI. 569. 1753.
Stems usually several together from the
woody base, slender, strict, puberulent, simple
or branched, i°-3° high, the branches upright
or ascending. Leaves linear to oblong, sessile
or very nearly so, firm, acute at both ends or
the lower obtuse at the apex, puberulent or
glabrate, faintly veined, lyi'-z' long, V-^,"
wide, sometimes with smaller ones or short
leafy branches in their axils; spike sometimes
i-sided, dense, Yi'-x' broad; pedicels short,
puberulent; outer bracts as long as the calyx;
calyx-teeth, lanceolate, acute, one-fourth to
one-third as long as the tube; corolla i,"-^"
long, its tube exceeding the calyx.
Along roadsides and in waste places, Ontario
and Maine to North Carolina, and on the Pacific
Coast. Naturalized from Europe. June-Sept.
30. ORIGANUM L. Sp. PI. 588. 1753.
Perennial branching herbs, some species shrubby, with rather small crenate-dentate or
entire leaves, and small bracted pink or purple flowers, in dense terminal glomerules. Calyx
ovoid or campanulate, villous in the throat, about 13-ncrved, 5-toothed or more or less
2-lipped. Corolla-limb 2-lipped, the upper lip erect, emarginate or 2-lobcd, the lower longer,
spreading, 3-clefit. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending; anthers 2-celled, the sacs divergent.
Style 2-clef1t at the summit; ovary deeply 4-parted. Nutlets ovoid or oblong, smooth.
[Greek, mountain-joy.]
About 30 species, natives of the Old World.
Vol.. III.]
MINT FAMILY.
Wild Marjoram.
3153.)
17.S.5
^\..^r r].-„ > 111
I. Origanum vulgare I^.
Organy. (Fig.
On\'anum 7'u/x'air I<. Sp. I'l. ,si)o.
Perennial from nearly hori/ontal rootstocks, villous
or liirsule; stem erect, slender, i°-2 Ji° high. Leaves
ovate, petioled, obtuse or subacute at the apex,
rouniled or subcordate at the base, crcnatc or entire,
I'-i'/i' long, often with smaller ones, or short leafy
branches, in their axils; flower-clusters often 2' broad;
bracts purplish, ovate or oval, about c(|Uaninp the
nearly regularly s-tootlied calyx; corolla pink, purple
or nearly white, longer than the calyx, the upper lobe
broad; all four stamens, or the two longer, exserted.
In fields and waste plares, ( »ntario to New Jersey and
Pennsylvania. Naturalized from ICurope. Native also of
Asia. Called also Organs, Pot Marjoram. July-Sept.
31. KOELLIA Moench, Meth. 407. 1794.
[Rraciivsthmon and PvcNANTincMUM Jlichx. I''!. Uor. Am. 2: 5, 7. 1803.]
Perennial erect, mostly branched, glabrous cinereous canescent or pubescent herbs, with
small white or purple-dotted flowers, in terminal or sometimes also axillary capitate glom-
crules or cymose clusters. Calyx ovoid, oblong or tubular, io-13-nerved, equally or more or
less unequally 5-toothed, not villous in the throat, the 2 upper teeth sometimes united be-
low. Corolla 2-lippcd, the upper lip emarginate or entire, the lower 3-cleft. Stamens 4,
didynamous, nearly e(iual, or the lower pair a little longer; anther-sacs parallel. Ovary
deeply 4-parted; style slender. Nutlets smooth, pubescent, or roughened. [Named for J. L.
C. Koelle, a German botanist of the eighteenth century.]
About 14 species, natives of North America. Besides the following, i occurs in California and
1 or 2 in the southern States. The species apparently intergrade, and are thus difTicult of discrimi-
nation. Mostly very fragrant. Sometimes called liasil, the proper name of Calamintli or Ocynuim.
vv- Leaves prevailingly linear, linear-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate.
Calyx-teeth ovate-triangular, acute, one-fourth as long as the tube. 2. K. yirginiana.
Calyx-teeth subulate, lance-subulate or bristle-tipped.
Leaves linear or lanceolate; calyx-teeth subulate or lanceolate.
Leaves linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate, entire. i. A', flextwsa.
Leaves lanceolate, entire, or usually serrate.
Bracts appressed, erect; clusters dense.
Hirsute or pilose; leaves m.ainly entire.
Puberulent or glabrate; leaves mostly denticulate
Bracts spreading; clusters loose.
Leaves oblong to linear-oblong, obtuse or subacute; calyx-teeth awn-like. 6. A', hyssupifulia
-X- * Leaves prevailingly ovate, ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate,
Calyx-teeth bristle-tipped or subulate.
Bracts appres.sed; clusters dense; calyx-teeth bristle-pointed
Bracts spreading; clusters loose; calyx-teeth subulate.
Calyx-teeth about one-half as long as the tube.
Calyx-teeth as long as the tube.
Calyx-teeth triangular, triangular-lanceolate or lanceolate.
Bracts spreading; clusters loose; calyx -teeth short. 10. A', albescens.
Bracts appressed; clusters dense.
Bracts canescent; leaves firm, acute. 11. K. mulica.
Bracts ciliate or villous; leaves membranous, acuminate. 12. A', monlana.
I. Koelliaflexudsa (Walt.) MacM. Narrow-leaved Mountain-Mint. (Fig. 3154.)
Saliircja Thymus Virginicus L. Mant. 2: 409. 1771. Not
5. yirginica L. 1753.
Origanum _fie.vuosttm Walt. I'l. Car. 165. 1788.
Pvcnanllicmum linifoUum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 409, 1814.
Koellia flcxuosa MacM. Met. Minn. 452. 1892.
Stem slender, stiff, nearly glabrous throughout, i>^°-
2>^° high. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, entire,
glabrous or the uppermost puberulent, sessile, or the
lower very short-petioled, \'-i' long, Yz^'-iyi" wide,
rather firm, often with short leafy branches in their
axils; glomerules dense, terminal, cymose, i"-5'^
broad, canescent; bracts appressed, acuminate, or subu-
late-tipped, not longer than the clusters; calyx cylin-
draceous, canescent, its teeth subulate and rigid, equal or
nearly so, 3-4 times longer than broad, about one-third
as long as the tube; corolla pubescent or nearly glabrous,
its tube longer than the calyx.
In fields and thickets, Massachusetts to Florida, Ontario,
Minnesota and Texas. Little fragrant. July-Sept.
A', pilosa.
A', ver/icillala.
A'. cHnopodioides.
K. arista la.
A', incana.
A', pycnanlliemoidcs.
113
LAHIATAE.
[Voi,. III.
2. KoelUa Virginiikna (L.) MacM. Virginia Mountain- Mint. (Fig. 3155.)
Saliiiria I'iixiiiiana I,. Sp. I'l. 567. 1753.
/'. laiucolaltim riirsli. I'l. Am. Supt. 409. 1814.
Koellia Mrc^iniana MacM. Met. Minn. 452. i8f)».
Stem strict, rather stout, kIhItous or pubescent,
i°-3° liigli. Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceo-
late, fragrant, very short-pctiolcd or sessile, firm,
entire, acuminate at the apex, rounded or nar-
rowed at the base, glabrous, or somewhat puberu-
lent beneath, or the uppermost densely canes-
cent, i'-2' long, 2"-^" wide,often with short leafy
branches in their axils; glomerules dense, 4"-6"
in diameter, terminal, cymosc, canescent; bracts
appressed, rigid, acute, acuminate or subulate-
tipped, not exceeding the clusters; calyx cylin-
draceous, or expanded above, canescent, its teeth
triangular-ovate, equal or nearly so, acute, little
longer than wide, about one-fourth as long as the
tube; corolla pubescent without, purple-spotted,
its tube longer than the calyx.
In dry fields and thickets, yui-bec and Ontario to
Minnesota, south to CeorRia, Alabama and Nebraska.
Virginia Thyme, I'rairie Hyssop. July-Sept.
3. Koellia pilosa (Nutt.) Britton. Hairy Mountain-Mint.
3I56-)
i
Pycnanllieiinivt pilosuiii Nutt. Gen. 2: 33. t8i8.
I'ycnanthcmtiin muliciim var. pilosuin A. Gray, Syn.
Fl. 2; Part I, 355- 1878.
Koellia pilosa Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 279. 1S94.
Pubescent, at least above, i°-2}4° high. Leaves
lanceolate, very short-petioled or sessile, entire or
very sparingly denticulate, i'-2' long, ^/'-d" wide,
firm, acuminate at the apex, mostly narrowed at
the base, commonly with smaller ones, or short
leafy shoots in their axils; glomerules dense, num-
erous, terminal, cymose, villous or hirsute-canes-
cent, about 4" in diameter; bracts lanceolate,
acuminate, equalling or exceeding the clusters;
calyx cylindraceous, narrow, canescent, its teeth
lanceolate-subulate, equal, about 3 times as long as
wide and one-fourth to one-third the length of the
tube ; corolla pubescent, its tube little longer than
the calyx.
On prairies and in dry woods, Ohio to Georgia, west
to Missouri and Arkansas. July-Sept.
4. Koellia verticillata (Michx.) Kuntze. Torrey's Mountain-Mint. (Fig. 3157.)
Brachyslemon veilicillalum Mich.v. Fl. Uor. Am.
,,, S' i il (I 2: 6. pi. ?/. 1803.
W^Mh''>- Wxn !"■ Torreyi Bentli. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 329. 1834.
.»f..v,^.t., ,. uw» A'(W//a zr///V///a/a Kuntze, Rev. Gen. I'l. 520. 1891.
Puberulent, glabrate or pubescent; stem slen-
der, i°~2^° high. Leaves lanceolate, oblong-
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate (rarely ovate-lan-
ceolate), short-petioled or sessile, serrulate or
entire, acute or acuminate at the apex, rounded
or narrowed at the base, i '-3' long, t,"-io" wide,
the uppermo.st sometimes canescent; flower-clus-
ters dense, canescent, 5"-6''' broad, terminal, cy-
niose and commonly also in some of the upper
axils; bracts appressed, lanceolate, acuminate,
equalling or longer than the clusters; calyx ca-
nescent, its teeth subulate or lance-subulate, 2-3
times as long as wide, one-fourth to one-third as
long as the tube; corolla pubescent, its tube
rather exceeding the calyx.
In dry fields and thickets, Rhode Island to Vir-
ginia, west to Missouri. July-Sept.
Voi<. III.]
MINT FAMILY.
"3
5, Koellia clinopodioides (T. &G.)
Kuiit/e. Hasil Mountain-Mint. (Fig. 3158.)
Pycnaiilheiiiinii cliiiopcdinidfs T. iS: ("■.; A. Gray, Am.
Jimni. .Sci. 42: IS. i><12.
k'iniliu i/iiii'/>i)i/ioidex Kuiitzc, Rev. Glmi. I'l. ,520. 1S91.
rubcsrciit or puberulent; stem slender, i"-2>^°
high. Leaves Innceohite or obloiig-laneeolate,
rather thin, short-petiolcil, sharply serrate, or the
upper entire, i}4'-3' long, 5"-i2''' wide, none of
them canesecnt; flower-clusters loose, terminal and
axillary, about i' broad; bracts lincar-acuminatc or
subulate-tipped, not exceeding the clusters, some or
all of them spreading; calyx finely cancscentor gla-
brate, its teeth subulate, sometimes with a few long
hairs, sliglitly unccpial, about one-fourth the length
of the tube; corolla-tube longer than the calyx.
Ill (Irysdil, southern New York and Pennsylvania to
eastern Tennessee. .Vsccnds to 51FU0 ft. in Virginia.
Anif. -Sept.
6. Koellia hyssopifolia (Bentli.) Britt. Hyssop Mountain-Mint. (Fig. 3159.)
/'. hyi$of>ifnliuin Hentli. Lab. Ccn. iS: Sp. ,-^29. iS.u.
jyciianlliemum arislaliiDt van ln'sxof>i/oliiim A.
Gray, Syn. I'!. 2: Part 1, 35.(. 1S7S.
A'. /iysstif>i/olia Britton, ^tcnl.Torr.Club, 5: 279. 1894.
ruberulcnt or glabrate; stem slender, stiff,
i°-3° high. Leaves oblong, linear-oblong, or
lanceolate-oblong, .short-petioled, or the upper
sessile, obtuse or subacute at the apex, nar-
rowed at the base, entire or denticuLite, ^i'-iyi^
long, 2"-6" wide, glabrous or minutely canes-
cent; flower-clusters dense, minutely canescent,
not at all villous, terminal and cymose, and
usually also in the upper axils, often 1' broad;
bracts linear-oblong, tiarrowed at each end,
terminated by an awn almost as long as the
body; calyx cylindraceous, glabrous or very
nearly so, prominently nerved, its teeth bristle-
pointed, slightly widened below, nearly as long
as the tube; corolla-tube not longer than calyx.
In dry soil, Virginia to Florida. June-Aug.
7. Koellia aristata (Miclix.) Kuntze.
Awned Mountain-Mint. (Fig. 3160.)
Pyciianlliemiitn artslaliini Michx. Fl. lior,
Koellia aristata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 520.
Vm. 2: 8.
1 891.
Similar to the preceding species; stem slender,
stifle, minutely canescent, i}-i°-2;,i° high. Leaves
ovate, or some of them ovate-lanceolate, short-
petioled, sharply serrate, serrulate, or the upper
entire, acute at the apex, rounded at the base,
I '-2' long, 4"-! 2" wide, the uppermost usually
minutely canescent; inflorescence as in the pre-
ceding species; bracts longawncd, appressed, the
awn about one-third the length of the body; calyx
canescent, its teeth equal, bristle-pointed, widened
below, one-third to one-half as long as the tube;
corolla-tube about equalling the calyx.
In dry pine barrens, New Jersey to Florida and
Louisiana, mostly near the coast. July-Sept.
w^i^m^7».m.mfu
114
8.
LAltlATAE.
[Vol,, itr.
Koellia incckna (L.) Kunt/.e. Hoary M( untaiii-Mint. (Fig. ^iCu.)
Cliiiohihliiim iiiCi.Hiim I,. Sn. i'l. ,sS8. I7,s,v
•••• - I'l.Ilor.A
/'vciia)illifniuni i.tcnniini Miclix
Kiifllia iiiiiina Kuiitzc, Kev. Gen
111. a; 7. 1803.
1S91.
PI. 5211,
Stein pubescent, or glabrous lielow, stout, i>j°-3°
high. Leaves thin, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, peti-
oled, acute at the apex, sharply serrate or serrulate,
wliite-canescent beneath, puberulcnt or glabrous
abotre, I, '4 '-3' long, %'-iyi' wide, or the upper-
most smaller and sometimes canescent on both
sides; clusters loose, terminal and in the upper
axils, I'-i yi' broad, canescent, the flowers some-
times secund on their branches; bracts linear, or
the outer broader, canescent or slightly villous,
spreading, mostly shorter than the clusters-; calyx
canescent, slightly 2-lipped, its teeth subulate,
somewhat unequal, the longer one-fourtii to one-
half as long as the tube, rarely villous; corolla-
tube equalling or longer than the calyx.
Dry Ihicki'ts and hillsides, Maine to Ontario, Ohio
and Florida. Also called Wild Basil. Aug. -Oct.
9. Koellia pycnanthemoides (Leavetnv.) Kunt/.e
Mint. (Fig. 3162.)
Tullia ftyfiianlhenioidcs Le.ivenw. Am. Journ. Sci.
20; ,^43. pi. i. i.S(o.
P. Til Ilia Benlh. I.ab. Oen. & Sp. .^aS. iS,u.
K. pycnanlhevioides. Kuntze, Kev. ('iCii. PI. ,S2o. 1891.
Stem rather stout, pubescent nearly to the base,
2°-3° high. Leaves membranous, petiolcd, mostly
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate or acute at the apex,
narrowed at the base, sharply serrate, pubescent
beneath, puberulent or glabrate above, I'/i'-iJi'
long, yi'-iyi' wide, the lower green, the upper
smaller and white-cauescenton both sides; clusters
loose, villous and canescent, terminal and axil-
lary, I '-2' broad, the flowers often secund; bracts
linear-oblong, acuminate or subulate-tipped,
spreading, mostly shorter than the mature clus-
ters; calyx-teeth very unequal, subulate, densely
villous, the longer about equalling the tube;
corolla-tube not exceeding the caly.^.
Southern Mountain-
Tenii
In dry woods and on hills, Virginia to Georgia and
innessee. Ascends to 3000 ft. in Virginia. Tnly-Sept.
10. Koellia albescens (T. &G.) Kuntze.
White-leaved Mountain-Mint. (Fig. 3163.)
P.albescensT.Si.C, ;A. Gray, Am Journ. Sci. 42:45. 1842.
Koellia albescens Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 520. 1891.
Stem slender, soft-pubescent nearly to the base,
J °-2° high. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, peti-
oled, acute or subacuminate at the apex, narrowed
or sometimes rounded at the base, sharply serrate
or nearly entire, I'-iyi' long, Yz'-i^' wide, white-
canescent beneath, green above, or the upper canes-
cent ou both sides; clusters loose, terminal «nd
axillary, densely canescent, not at all villous, at
length about 1' broad; bracts linear, or the outer
broader, spreading, sometimes exceeding the clus-
ters; calyx densely canescent, its teeth triangular,
obtuse or acute, slightly unequal, one-fifth to one-
fourth as long as the tube; corolla-tube longer than
the calyx.
In dry woods and thickets, southern Virginia to
Missouri and Arkansas, south to Florida and Texas.
July-Sept.
III.
Vol.. Ill]
MINT FAMILY.
i'5
II. Koellia mutica(Michx.)Britt. Short-toothed Mouiitain-Miiit. (Fig. 3164.)
/IraclivslemoH tun/hum Miclix. Fl. Bor. Am. J: (>. /)/. ,v.
i8<).(.
Koellia miilica Uritton, Mriii. Torr. Club, 4: i (,s. 1 Vt-
Stem stiff, puberuleiit, or Klal)ruiis below, i°-2'/i°
high, l.cnves short-petiolcd or sessile, ovnte or ovate-
lanceolate, firm, Hcute at the njicx, rounded or sonic-
titties subcordiite at the base, sharply serrate or serru-
late, I'/i'-y lonff, li'-iYj' wide, the lower mostly
glabrous, the uppermost white-cancsccnt on bolli
sides, much smaller; (lower-cliisters capitate, dense,
terminal, cyniose, often also in the upper axils, pubes-
cent or cancscent, 4'''-6" broad; bracts appressed, lan-
ceolate-subulate or the outer broader; calyx pubescent,
its teeth nearly ccjual, triangular-ovate or triangular-
lanceolate, not much longer than wide, about onc-fifth
as long as the tube; corolla-tube exceeding the calyx.
In siindy soil, Maine t<i Virginia and Florida, west tu
Missouri. July .Sept.
Ml/' L J
Thill-
In woods, mountains '
12. Koellia montana (Michx.) Kunt/.e.
leaved Mountain- Mint. (Fig. 3165.)
Pvcnanllieminn monlanum Miclix. Fl. Bor. .\tn. 3:8. 1303.
SlonanlelUi iiiiiii/niiu Henlli. I.ab. (icn. iV Sp. .i.v. 1834.
Kofllia iiioiilaiia Kunt/c, Key. den. I'l. ,'520. VH91.
Stem slender, glabrous or nearly so througliout, 2°-^°
high. Leaves distinctly petioled, membranous, glabrous,
ovatelancc^olate or the upper lanceolate, long-acuminate
'^, at the apex, usually narrowed at the base, sharply ser-
rate, 2'--,' long, '/i'-2' wide, none of them canescent;
flower-clusters rather dense, terminal and in the upper
'(, axils, '/i'-i' broad; bracts appressed, lanceolate or linear-
■ lanceolate, acuminate, not exceeding the fully developed
y clusters, bearded more or less with long hairs; calyx tu-
'/^ bular, glabrous or pubcrulcnt, or villous above, its tectli
triangular-subulate, equal, one-fifth to one-fourth as long
as the tube; corolla-tube longer than tlic calyx,
f southern Virginia to Georgia, IVniicssic anil Alabama. July-Sept.
32. THYMUS L. Sp. PI. 590. 1753.
Terennial herbs, or low shrubby creeping plants, with small mostly entire leaves, and
small purple flowers clustered in terminal glomerules, or in the axils of the leaves. Calyx
ovoid, villous in the throat, io-13-uervcd, 2-lipped, the upper lip erect-spreading, 3-toothed,
the lower 2-toothed, its teeth long and slender. Corolla-limb 2-lipped, the upper lip erect,
emarginate, the lower spreading, 3-cleft. Stamens 4, more or less didy nan io us, tnostly ex-
serted; anthers 2-celled, the sacs parallel*or divergent. Ovary deeply 4-parted; style 2-cleft
at~the summit. Nutlets ovoid or oblong, smooth. [Greek, incense.]
About 50 species, natives of the Old World, mostly liuroptan.
I. Thymus Serpyllum L. Wild or Creeping
Thyme. Mother of Thyme. (Fig. 3166. )
Thymus Serpyllum I,. Sp. PI. 5qo. 1753.
Stems more or less pubescent in lines, very slender,
procumbent, tough, much branched, 4''-i2' long, com-
monly forming dense mats. Leaves oblong or ovate-
oblong, petioled, obtuse at the apex, usually narrowed
pt the base, entire, glabrous, or sometimes ciliate,
2"-^" long; bracts similar to the leaves, but smaller;
flowers numerous in verticillate clusters crowded in
dense short terminal spikes, or also in the upper axils;
calyx distinctly 2-lipped, the tube usually pubescent
and the teeth ciliate; corolla longer than the calyx.
In thickets, woods, and along roadsides. Nova Scotia to
southern New York and Pennsylvania. Naturalized from
Europe. Native also o Asia. June-Sept. Old English
names, Brotherwort, Hillwort, Penny Mountain, Shep-
herd's Thyme.
Il6
I.AIUATAK.
[Vol,. III.
33. CUNIL.4 I<. vSyst. lul. 10, 1359. 1750.
I'erctininI brancliiiijj licrln, or low !tliriil)H, witli dciitiitL' or entire loaves, aiitl riitlier
Biiinll purple or wliitc llowers. Ciilvx tubiilar-ovoiil, lo-i.viiervcd, villous in the throat,
eciiially 5-toothcit. Corolla ^-Hppeil, l()ii>{cr than the calyx, the upper lip erect, cinar^'iuate,
the lower spreading, .vcleft. Autlier-heariiin stauietis 2, loiin-exserteil, straight, the poster-
ior pair rudimentary, or wantitiK; anther-sacs parallel. Ovary deeply ,|-partcd; style slender,
a-cleft at the suiniiiit. Nutlets smooth; scar or attachment hasal an<l small. [Latin name of
some plant.]
AI)i)Ut 15 spt cU'M, natives nf America. Tlic iDHowiiiK: is llic only unc known in North .\nicrica.
I. Cunila origanoides ( ly. ) Ihittoii. vStdiie
Mint. Sweet I Ior.se- Mint. American
Dittany. ( l''iK- 3J^'7-)
,Sii/ii>Yiti I'l ii;iiihiiilf^ I,. Sp. ri. ,S"'^. 175,1.
Ciiiii/u A/ii)iiiiiii I,. Syst. Ivd. 10, i,i59. I7,s<).
y/(i/|.ii)«i)( 11/ /i,'i///i)/(/( V Kutltzi', Kfv. Ccn. I'l. ,<ii(). lSc)l.
Cuiiilii oi igaiKudcs llritloii, .Mtin. Toir. Chib, 5: 27S. iSi||.
Stem slender, stilT, branched, xl'i'ifoiis, or pubes-
cent at the nodes, erect, S'-2ii' high, the branches as-
cending;. Leaves ovate, sessile or very short-petioled,
acute at the ajxix, sharply serrate, rounded, truncate
or subcordatc at the base, 'j'-l 'j' long, densely i>nnc-
tale; flowers nearly Yt' long, numerous in terminal
loose cymose clusters; corolla purple-pink, one-half as
louK as the stamens; posterior pair of stamens usually
rudimentary.
Ill dry woods anil tliickets.soulhcrn N'uw York to I'lorida,
west to Ohio and Gcori.'ia. Plant very aromatic. .\ii|i .Sept.
'%
.'^m^
34. LYCOPUS L. Sp. PI. 21. 1753.
Herbs, perennial by slender stolons or suckers, with erect or diffuse stems, petioled or
sessile leaves, and small white or purple flowers, bracted and verticillnte in dense axillary
clusters. Calyx campanulate, regular or nearly so, 4-s-tootlicd, not bearded in the throat,
the teeth obtuse or acute. Corolla funnclfortn-campannlate to cylindric, equalling or longer
than the calyx, the limb nearly equally 4-cleft, or one of the lobes broader and einarginate.
I'erfect stamens 2, anterior, the posterior pair rndimcntary, or altogether wanting; anther-
sacs parallel. Ovary deeply 4-parted; style slender, 2-clcft at the summit. Nutlets truncate
at the summit, narrowed below, trigonous, smooth. [Crreek, wolf-foot.]
.\b()ut lo species of the north temperate zone. Only the following known in North .Vmerica.
Calyx teeth mostly 4, ovate, shorter than the nutlets. i. /,. I'irifiiiuns.
Calyx teeth mostly 5, lanceolate or subulate. loiiRcr than the nutlets.
Bracts minute; corolla twice as long as the calyx.
Leaves sessile. 2. A. sessilifolilis.
Leaves narrowed into a manifest petiole. 3. /,. rubellus.
Bracts lanceolate or subulate; corolla not twice as long as the calyx.
Leas'es pinnatifid or deeply incised. 4. A. Amri icaniis.
Leaves merely coarsely dentate or serrate (lower rarely incised).
Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, serrate. .s. A. Iiiiidiis.
Leaves ovate, coarsely dentate. 6. A. litiropaeus.
I. Lycopus Virginicus ly. Iktgle-weed.
Bugle -wort. (Fig. 3168.)
/.j'tofiiis I'iytiiniciis \,. Sp. I'l. 21. 175,^.
I'erennial by long filiform leafy sometimes tuber-
bearing stolons, glabrous or puberulent; stem slender,
erect or ascending, simple or branched, 6'-2° high.
Leaves oblong, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acumin-
ate at the apex, sharply dentate, narrowed or cuneate
at the base, petioled, or the upper sessile, 1^2 '-3' long,
yi'-iyi' wide; bracts short, oblong; calyx-teeth 4, or
sometimes 5, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or sub-
acute; corolla about I "broad, nearly twice as long as the
calyx, or longer; rudimentary po.sterior stamens minute;
nutlets longer than or about equalling the calyx.
In wet soil, Labrador to British Columbia, south to rior-
ida, Alabama, Missouri and Nebraska. Sometimes called
Wood Betony. Leaves often purple. Stem usually thick-
ened at the base. Variable. Probably includes several
species. July-Sept.
Vol,. III.l
MINT I'AMII.Y
a. Lycopus sessilifdlius A. (irny.
Sessik'-lcavcd Wattr lloarhuuiul.
l.yciipHS /■'inofittni'i viir. \CK<iU/i>liii\ A. Ciray, Man.
A. •'■rny, I'loc. Am. Acad. 8;
y(«pm ICiit
m- .s. .U.S. i><".
I.Vd>f>ifi srsuli/nlius
'aHv 187.1.
('ilal)roiH, or puberuU'iit ii))Ove, perennial l)y
stolons mill gtickcra; stem simple, or at length
l)rancllecl, erect, i"-i' liinli. Leaves ovate-laii-
oeolntc or obloMK-limceolate, closely sessile, acute
or ncumiiiate at the apex, sharply serrate, some-
what narrowed at the liase, l'-2' loiif-; bracts
very small, aciitc; calyx-teeth usually s, subuliite,
rigid, nearly as loiiK as the tube; corolla twice as
loiigns tlie calyx; rudimentary posterior stamens
oval; nutlets shorter than the calyx.
Itliiul, N. Y., to I'lorida, near
III wit
the const.
oil, I.ii-
Auk. t.
4. Lycopus Americ^nus Muhl. Cut-
leaved Water rioarhouud. ( Fig. 3 1 7 1 . )
A. Aiiifricanus Mulil.; Hart. I'M. Phil. I'rodr. i.s.
iHi.s.
I.ya<f>iis shiiiahis IvU. Hot. S. C. iS: (la. i: 2(1. 1S17.
l.YCofiacus luirofiacHS var. siiiuuliis A. Gray, Man.
I'ubenilent or j;labrous, perennial by suckers;
stem stiff, erect, simple or branched, r -2° liiKh.
Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate in outline,
petioled, acuminate at the apex, incised, pinnati-
fid or the uppermoht merely serrate, 2'-\' long;
bracts subulate, the outer ones sometimes ex-
ceedinjf the calyx; calyx-teetli tiianf;ular-subu-
late, cuspidate, rigid; corolla little exceeding
the calyx; rudimentary posterior stamens thick-
ened at their tips; nutlets nujch shorter than
the caly x.
In wet soil, Newfoundland to liritish Columbia,
south to I'lorida, Texas, I'tali and California.
June-Oct.
3. Lycopus rubellus Mociich. Stalked
Water Iloarhound. {,\''\v.. 3170.)
/.yro/iiis nibflliis Moiiicli, Mi th. Suppl. i.i'i. iSni.
I.vtopiit /■lii>i>f>iiiiu var. iiiligi i/iiliii\ \. (Irav,
Man. VA. 5. ,u<>. i**<^'7.
Cilabrous or minutely ptibcrulent, perennial
by leafy stolons; stem erect or ascending, sim-
ple or at length freely brnnclied, i°-3° high.
Leaves ovale to oblong-lanceolate, or narrower,
ncuininate at the apex, sharply dentate, nar-
rowed or cuneate at the ba^e, 2'-^' long, y^'-
iji' wide, usually ta])ering into a conspicu-
ous petiole; brads minute, acute or acuminale;
calyx- teeth triangular-subulate, herbaceous, one-
half as long as the tube or nu re; corolla longer
than the calyx; rndimentary posterior stamt ns
oval or oblong; nutlets much shorter than the
calyx.
In wet soil, soutlii rn New York to I'lorida, Ohio,
Arkansas and Louisiana. July-Dit.
\\1 ■ ■■
Ii8
I.ABIATAE.
[Voi<. III.
5. Lycopus lucidus Turcz.
\ .1
14 <\iw.
Western Water Hoarhound. (Fig. 3172.)
/,. /ncidiisTmc?..- Eoiitli. in DC. Prodr. 12: 178. 1848.
Ljropiis liiiiiins var. Americaniis A. Gray, Proc. Ara.
Acad. 8: 286. 1S70.
Pubescent or glabrate, perennial by stolons; stem
usually stout, erect, strict, leafy, simple, or some-
times branched, i°-3° high. Leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate, acute at the apex, narrowed or rounded at
the base, sessile, or very short-pctioled, 2'-6' long,
li'-iyi' wide, sharply serrate with acute ascending
teeth; bracts ovate or lanceolate, acuminate-subu-
late, the outer ones often as long as the flowers;
calyx-teeth 5, subulate-lanceolate, nearly as long as
the tube; corolla little longer than the calyx; rudi-
mentary stamens slender, thickened at the tips;
uutlets much shorter than the calyx.
In wet soil, Minnesota to Kansas, west to British Co-
lumbia, California and Arizona. Also in northern Asia.
July-Sept.
6. Lycopus Europaeus l^. Water or
Marsh Hoa'rhound. Gip.sy-wort.
Gipsy-herb. (Fig. 3173.)
I.ycopKS JuiiD/iaciis L. Sp. PI. 21. i;5j.
Puberulent or pubescent, perennial by suck-
ers; stems stout, at length widely branched,
i°-2%° high. Leaves ovate, ovate-oblong, or
oblong-lanceolate, short-petiolcd, or the upper
sometimes sessile, coarsely dentate, or the lower
incised at the base, i'-;/ long, ^i'-i' wide;
bracts subulate-lanceolate, the outer shorter
than or efjualling the (lowers; calyx-teeth snbu-
late-spinulosc; corolla scarcely longer than the
calyx; rudimentary posterior stamens obsolete;
nutlets shorter than the calyx.
In waste yilaces, soutliern Xew York to Virginia.
Naturalised I'lom Kurope. July-Sept.
35. MENTHA I,. Sp. PI. 576. 1753.
I'lrect or diffuse odorous herbs, with simple sessile or petioled mostly punctate leaves,
and small whorlcd purple pink or white flowers, the whorls axillary or in terminal dense or
interrupted spikes. Calyx campanulate to tubular, lo-nerved, regular, or slightly 2 lipped,
5-toothcd. Corolla-tube shorter than the calyx, the limb 4-cleft, somewhat irregular, the
posterior lobe usually somewhat broader than the others, entire or emarginate. Stamens 4,
e(iual, erect, included or exserted, sometimes imperfect; filaments glabrous; anthers 2 celled,
the sacs parallel. Ovary 4-parted; style 2-clcft at the summit. Nutlets ovoid, smooth.
[N inie used by Tlieophrastus; from the nymph Minthe.]
.\1)out ,30 species, nali ves of the north tern i)erate zone. The more or less ch.iracteristie odors of the
spceies eliaiiKe during llic progress of the life of the plant. The following occur in North .\nieriea.
•X- Whorls of flowers in terminal spikes, or some in the upper axils.
Plants glabrous i>v very nearly so.
Spikes slim, narrow, mostly interrupted; leaves sessile, or nearly .so. 1. M. .if>iia/<i.
•Spikes thick, mostly dense, at first short; leaves petioled.
Leaves lanceolate or oblong, acute.
Leaves ovate, obtuse, or the upper acute, subcordate.
Plants villous, hirsute or canescent, at least at the nodes.
.Spikes slim or narrow, often interrupted.
I.e.ives lanceolate or ovate-laneeolatc, acute.
Leaves elliptic or ovate oblong, obtuse, reticulated beneath.
Spikes thick (6" ). dense, elongated or short.
Leaves sessile; spikes I'-j long; plai\t canescent.
Leaves distinctly petioled, or the uppennost .sessile; spikes short.
Leaves simply serrate.
Leaves mostly incised, the margins crisped and wavy.
->;- K- Whorls of flowers all axillary.
Leaves crenatcdentate; calyx teeth triangular, short. 9. .lA aiz'cnsis.
Af. pipcrila.
M. liliala.
M. loiic^i/olid.
M. loliiudifolia.
6. AT. ali'piruroidcs.
AT. aqualUa.
AT. cris/ia.
Vol. III.]
MINT FAMILY.
ug
10. A/, genlilis.
11. Af. saliva.
12. Af. Canadensis.
Leaves sharply serrate; calyx-teeth subulate.
Caly.\-tecth ciliate, the tube glabrous; leaves ovate.
Calyx densely or sparsely pubeseent all over.
Leaves ovate, pubescent on both sides; hairs of the stem reflexed.
Leaves oblong or ovate oiilong, nearly or ijuite glabrous.
1. Mentha spicata L. Spearmint. Our
Lady's Mint. (Fig. 3174.)
Mentha spicala L. Sp. I'l. 576. 1753.
Mentha spicata var. firiJis L. loc. cit. 175J.
Mentha viiidis L. Sp. PI. Kd. 2, 804. 1763.
Glabrous, perennial by leafy stolons; stem erect,
branched, i°-i}'i° liigb. Leaves lanceolate, ses-
sile or sbori-petioled, sharply serrate, acute or
acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base, the
largest about 2^i' long; whorls of flowers in ter-
minal narrow acute usually interrupted spikes,
which become 2'-4' long in fruit, the one terminat-
ing the stem surpassing the lateral ones; bracts
subulate-lanceolate, ciliate, some of them usually
longer than the flowers; calyx campauulate, its
teeth hirsute or glabrate, subulate, nearly as long
as the tube; corolla glabrous.
In moist fields or waste places, Nova Scotia to Onta-
rio, Minnesota and Utah, south to Florida and Kansas.
Naturalized from Hurope. Niitive also of Asia. Othe
nanus are (iarden-, Hrown- or Slackerel-JI'ut, Sag
Belhlelicm. July-Sept.
n. Mentha piperita L. Peppermint. (Fig. 3175.)
Mentha piperita L. Sp. PI. 576. 1753.
rercnnial by subterranean suckers; stems gla-
brous, mostly erect, branched, i°-3° high. Leaves
lanceolate, petioled, dark gn\;n, acute at the apex,
rounded or iiarroweil at the base, rather firm,
sharply serrate, glabrous on both sides, or pubes-
cent on t'.ii: veins beneath, the larger lYi'-},' long,
i'-l!i' vide; whorls of flowers in terminal dense
or interrupted spikes, which are thick and obtuse,
and become I '-3' long in fruit, the middle one at
length overtopped by the lateral ones; bracts lance-
olate, acuminate, not longer than the flowers, or the
lower occasionally foliaceous; calyx tiibular-caiu-
panulate, glabrous below, its teeth subulate, usu-
ally ciliate, oue-half as long as the tube or more;
corolla glabrous; style occasionally 3-cleft.
In wet soil, Nova Scotia to Ontario and Minnesota,
south to I'lorida and Tennessee. Naturalized from
ICuiope. Lamb- or Hrandy Jliiit. July-Sept.
3-
Mentha citr^ta IChrli. Bergainot
Mint. (Fig. 3176.)
Mentlia citrata lihrh. Heilr. 7; 150. 1792.
Perennial by leafy stolons, glabrous throughout;
stem weak, branched, decumbent or ascending, l°-
2° long. Leaves petioled, thin, ovate or ovate-or-
bicular, obtuse or the upper acute at the apex,
rounded or subcordatc at the base, sharply serrate
with low teeth, the larger about 2' long, l'-i>2' [^
wide; whorls of flowers in terminal dense thick ob- |^
tuse spikes, and commonly also in the uppermost
axils; spikes scarcely more than i' long in fruit;
calyx glabrous, its teeth subulate, one-half as long
as the lube, or longer; corolla glabrous.
In wet soil, Staten Island. N. Y., and Ohio. Advcn-
tive from Ivurope. July Sept.
\".
!l
I20
LAIUATAE.
[Vol. III.
4. Mentha longifdlia (L.) Huds.
Horse Mint. (Fig. 3177.)
Mentha sfyicala var. loiii^i/olia I,. Sp. PI. 576. 1753.
Mi-nlha loiigifolia Ilnds. 1"1. AiirI. 221. 1762.
Meniha sylz'eslris I.. Sp. I'l. Ud. 2, >So4. 176,5.
rerentiial by suckers, cancsccnt or puberulent
nearly all over; stems mostly erect, brauclieil, or
simple, i°-2,!4° high. I<eaves lanceolate, ovate-
lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, sessile, or very
sliort-petioled, acute at the apex, usually
rounded at the base, sharply serrate, i'-^' long,
li'-i]^' wide, sometimes glabrous above; whorls
of flowers in terminal narrow dense or inter-
rupted acute spikes, which become 2'-$' Itngin
fruit; bracts lanceolate-subulate, the lower equal-
ling or longer than the flowers; calyx toinentosc
or canescent, its teeth subulate, one-half as long
as the campanulate tube; corolla puberulent.
In waste places, Pemmylvania and New Jersey.
N.-iturali.'.cd from liurope. Called also Hrook- or
I'isli Hint, and fiirmerly Water-JIiiit. Juty-Oct.
5. Mentha rotundifdlia (L.) Hud.s
Mriiiha spirala var. rolundifolia \,. Sp. PI.
Mentha roliindi/olia Huds. Fl. Angl. 221. 1762.
Perennial by leafy stolons, canescent or
tonienlose-pubcrulcnt, somewhat viscid;
stems ascending or erect, simple or branch-
ed, usually slender, i/^°-2/-^° high. Leaves
elliptic, or ovate-oblong, short-petiolcd, or
sessile and somewhat clasping y the sub-
cordate or rounded base, obtuse at the apex,
crenate-serrate with low teeth, i'-2' long,
9"-i5" wide, more or less rugose-reticu-
lated beneath; whorls of flowers in terminal
dense or interrupted spikes which elongate
to 2'-4' in fiuit; bracts lanceolate, acumin-
ate, commonly shorter than the flowers;
calyx-teeth setaceous, usually about one-
half as long as the tube; corolla puberident.
In waste places, Maine to North Carolina,
Texas and Mexico. Called also .Vpple Mint,
Horse Mint, Wild Mint. July-Sept.
Round- leaved Mint.
(Fig. 3178
6. Mentha alopecurcides Hull. Woolly-
Mint. (Fig. 3179.)
Mfullia aloficciii oidcs Hull. Itrit. PI. 221. 1799.
I'eretuiial by suckers, white-woollj-; stem
stout, leafy, erect or ascending, simple or branch-
ed, lj2°-5° high. Leaves broadly oval, sessile,
or partly clasping by a subcordate or rarely
rounded base, obtuse at the apex, sharply i:nd
rather coarsely serrate, pinnately-vcined, the
lower i'-}/ long, I'/i'-i' wide; spikes ratlicr
thick, den.se, stout, obtuse, 2'-^' long in fruit;
bracts lanceolate, shorter than the flowers; calyx-
teeth setaceous, one- half as long as the campan-
ulate tube, or more; corolla pubescent.
AlouK roadsidis, soiillurn New York. New Jersey
.niid Pennsylvania l(i
ICurope. July Oct.
Missouri. Naturalized from
Vol. hi.]
MINT FAMILY.
121
7. Mentha aquatica h. Water Mint.
Fish Mint. (Fig. 3180.)
Mentha aquatica I,. Sp. PI. 576. 1753.
Perennial by suckers, hirsute or pubescent,
rarely glabratc; stem stout, erect, leafy, usually
branched, i</2°-2yi° high, its hairs reflexed.
Leaves broadly ovate, pctioled, acute, subacute
or the lower obtuse at the apex, rounded, subcor-
date or rarely narrowed at the base, sharply ser-
rate, the larger I'/^-y long and nearly as wide;
whoris of flowers in terminal dense short thick
rounded spikes, and usually also in the upper
axils; spikes seldom more than i' long in fruit;
bracts lanceolate, shorter than the flowers; calyx
hirsute, its teeth lanceolate-subulate or triangular-
lanceolate, one-third to one-half as long as the
nearly cylindric tube; corolla sparingly pubescent.
In wet places, Nova Scotia to Pennsylviuiia and
Georgia. Naturalized from Kurope. .\ug.-Oct.
8
9. Mentha arvensis L. Corn Mint.
Field Mint. (Fig. 3182.)
Afrii/tia arT'eiisis L. Sp. I'l. ,S77. 175,^.
I'erennial by suckers, pubescent or gla-
brate; stems erect or ascending, simple or
branched, 6'-2= high, slender. Leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, oval or ovate, petioled, acute
at the apex or the lower obtuse, crenatc-ser-
rate witli bluntish teeth, mostly narrowed at
the base, i'-2}4' long, |i'-i' wide, the upper
not much smaller than the owcr; whorls of
flowers all axillary, usually about eiiualliiig
the petioles; calyx pubescent, canipanulate,
its teeth triangular, about as long as the
width of their l)asc, acute or sometimes ob-
tuse, one-third as long as the tube.
Ill dry waste places, New Brunswick, iiortli
cm New York to New Jersey, Pennsylvania aiul
I'Morida. Also in California and Mexico. Niit-
uralized from I-lunipe. Called also I.anib's-
tongue and Wild Pennyroyal. July-Sept.
Mentha crispa L. Cri.sped-leaved,
Cnrled or Cros.s Mint. (Fig. 3 1 8 1 . )
Mcnllia crispa L. Sp. PI. 57(3. 175.^
Mi'iillia aqualica var. crispa Benlii. Lab. Gen.
cV ,Sp. 177. 1S33.
Sparingly pilose pubescent at least at the
nodes, petioles and veins of the lower surfaces
of the leaves; stem rather weak, usually much
branched, i;4°-3° long. Leaves distinctly
petioled, or the uppermost sessile, ovate in
outline, mostly acute at the apex, rounded,
truncate or subcordate at the base, their
margins crisped, wavy and incised, or the
uppermost niereh' sharply serrate; whorls of
flowers in dense thick rounded terminal
spikes, which become I'-iJ-j' long in fruit;
calyx sparingly pubescent or glabrous, its
teeth subulate, more than one-half as long
as the canipanulate tube; corolla glabrous.
In .swamps and roadside ditches, southern
New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
.\utf.-Oct.
123
LABIATAE.
[Vol,. III.
10. Mentha gentilis L,.
Creeping or Downy Whorled Mint. (iMg. 3183.)
Menllia gcnlilis I,. Sp. PI. 577. 1753.
Perennial by suckers; stem rather stout, as-
cending or erect, branched, puberulent with
short reflcxed hairs, i°-2° high. Leaves ovate
or oval, short-petioled, sparingly pubescent with
scattered hairs on both surfaces, often blotched,
pinnately veined, acute at both ends, sharply
serrate, the larger \l4'-2' long, the upper
sometimes much smaller than the lower; whorls
of flowers all axillary; pedicels glabrous; calyx
campanulatc, glabrous below, its teeth subulate,
ciliate, one-half as long as the tube; corolla
glabrous.
In waste places and along .streams, Maine to
northern New York, New Jersey and Penusjlvaiiia.
NaluraU/.ed from liurope. Aug.-Oet.
II. Mentha saliva L. Maish Whorled
Mint. (Fig. 3184.)
Mcnllia saliz'a I,. Sp. I'l. Ivd. 2, So.s. ird.V
Perennial by suckers; stem ascending, usu-
ally widclj' branched, densely pubescent with
sometimes rcflexed hairs, i°-3° long. Leaves
ovate, short-petioled, pubescent on both sides,
acute at the apex, mostly rounded at the base,
sharply serrate, the larger I'-a' long, the upper
sometimes much smaller; whorls of flowers all
axillary, coumionly surpassing the petioles;
calyx campanulate, pubescent all over, its tri-
angular-subulate teeth one-half as long as the
tube; pedicels pubescent or glabrous.
In waste places, Nova Scotia to Pennsylvania.
Naturalized from Kurope. July-Sept.
12. Mentha Canadensis L. American
Wild Mint. (Fig. 3185.)
AFnilha Canadensis I„ Sp. PI. 577. 175,?.
Menllia hoiealis Miclix. I'l. lior. .^in. 2: 2. 1803.
Mcnilia Canadensis var. ^hibtala lienth. in DC.
Prodr. 12: 173. i84N.
I'erennial by suckers; stem more or less pu-
bescent with spreading or scarcely reflexcd
hairs, or glabrate, erect, simple, or branched,
usually slender, 6'-2^° high. Leaves obloug
or ovate-oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, slender-
petioled, acute at the apex, or the lower obtuse,
sharply serrate, narrowed to a somewhat cuneate
acute or obtuse base, glabrous or very sparingly
pubescent, the larger 2'-},' long, yi'-i' wide;
whorls of flowers all axillary, often shorter than
the petioles; calyx obloug-canipanulatc, densely
or sparingly pubescent all over, its teeth one-
fourth to one-third as long as the tube.
In moist .soil, New Rrunswick to the Northwest
Territory and liritisli Columbia, soutli to VirRinia,
Nebraska, New Mexico and Nevada. Variable.
Odor like Pennyroyal. July-Oct.
^
Vol,. III.]
MINT FAMILY.
"3
36. COLLINSONIA L. Sp. PI. 28. 1753.
Tall perennial aromatic herbs, with large niembrauons petioled leaves, and terminal
loose panicled racemes of small yellowish mostly opposite flowers. Calyx campanulate,
short, lo-nerved, 2-lipped, declined in fruit, usually pubescent in the throat; upper lip
3-toothed; lower 2-cleft. Corolla much longer than the calyx, obliquely campanulate,
5-lobcd, 4 of the lobes nearly equal, the 5th pendent or declined, fimbriate or lacerate, much
larger, appearing like a lower lip. Anther-bearing stamens 2, not declined, much exsertcd,
coiled before aiithesis; bases of the filaments connected by a woolly ring; anthers 2-celled,
or the sacs at length partially confluent. Ovary deeply 4-parted. Nutlets smooth, globose.
[Named for Peter Collinson, 1693-1768, an English botanist, and correspondent of Linnaeus.]
Two or ,^ species, nativfs of eastern North Anieric.i.
CoUinsonia Canadensis
Horse-balm
Citronella. Rich-weed.
(Fig. 3186.)
CoUinsonia Canadensis I,. Sp. I'l. 2S. 1753.
Stem stout, erect or ascending, branch-
ed, 2°-5° high, glabrous, or glandular-
pubescent above. Leaves ovate or ovatc-
oblong, acuminate at the apex, narrowed,
obtuse or sometimes cordate at the base,
the lower slcnder-pctioled, 6'-io' long,
the upper nearly sessile, much smaller,
all coarsely dentate; racemes numerous,
in terminal panicles sometimes 1° long;
pedicels ascending, y-6" long in fruit,
snbulatc-bracteolate at the base; flowers
lemon-scented; calyx-teeth subulate, those
of the lower lip much longer than those
of the upper; corolla light yellow, if'-'i"
long; anther-bearing stamens 2, the upper
pair rudimentary; fruiting calyx promi-
nently ribbed, 2t"-\" long.
In moist woods. Maine and Ontario to Wis-
consin, south to IHorida and Kansas. Root
lait?c, thick, woody. Called also Ilorsc-wced
and Stoni-mot. July-Oct.
37. PERiLLA Ard.; L. Gen. PI. Md. 6, Add. 578. 1764.
.\nnual herbs, with petioled purple or discolored leaves, and small flowers in loose
bracted racemes. Calyx campanulate, lo-nerved, 5 cleft, nearly regular in flower, enlarging,
declined and becoming 2-lipped in fruit, the upper lip 3-tootlied, the lower 2-cleft, the throat
not bearded. Corolla-tube not longer than the calyx, the throat obliquely campanulate, the
limb 5-cleft, the lower lobe slightly the larger. .Stamens 4, nearly equal, or the posterior
])air shorter, erect, divergent; anthers 2-cclled. Style deeply 2-clert; ovary 4-partcd. Nut-
lets globose, reticulated. [The native name in India.]
One or 2 species, natives of Asia.
I. Perilla frutescens (L. ) Britton.
Perilla. (Fig. 3187.)
Ocimnm frutescens \,. Sp. 1*1. ,597. 175.3.
J'erilla ocinioides I,. C.cti. ICd. 6, Add. ,S7.s. i-(>\.
J'eiilla J'rulescens Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5:
277. .894-
Purple or purple-green, sparingly pubes-
cent; stem stout, erect, much branched,
1O--0 high, leafy. Leaves long-petioled,
broadly ovate, acuminate at the apex, nar
rowed at the base, coarsely dentate, s'-f/
long and nearly as wide; racemes terminal
and axillary, many-flowered, 3'-6' long;
pedicels spreading, 1)1" -2/' long in fruit;
calyx minute in flower, nmch enlarged,
gibbous at the base and densely pilose-pu-
l)escent in fruit; corolla purple or white,
1)2" long, with a woolly ring within.
In waste places, escaped from tjaraens, south-
ern New York to Illinois. Native of India.
July Oct.
124
LABIATAE.
[Vol,. III.
Perilla frutesccns Nankinensis (I,our. ) liritloii. Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 277. 1894.
Denlidia Xankiiieiish I.our. I'l. Cncliin lid. WilUl. .).(!<. 1711,1.
Pel ilia ocinididrs var. (iis/>a Heiitli. in I)C. I'rodr. 12: ifi). iS(H.
1,1'iivfS crisped and incised. Escaped from jjardeiis, New Jersey to West Virginia.
38. ELSHOLTZIA Willcl. in Roem. & Ust. Mag. Bot. 11 : 3. 1790.
Herbs, with thin mostly petioled leaves, and small or minute clustered flowers, in ter-
minal bracted spikes. Calyx canipannlate or ovoid, lo-ncrved, scarcely oblique, enlarging
in fruit, not bearded in the throat, ,5-toothed, the teeth nearly equal. Corolla-tube little
longer than the calyx, straight, or a little curved, the limb oblique, or slightly 2-lipped,
4-lobed; upper lobe erect, concave, emarginate, the 3 others spreading. Stamens 4, diver-
gent, didynamous, ascending, exserted, the upper pair shorter; anthers 2celled, or the sacs
more or less confluent. Style 2-cleft at the summit. Ovary 4-parted. Nutlets ovoid or ob-
long, tuberculate, or nearly smooth. [Named in
honor of J. S. lUsholtz, a Prussian botanist.]
About 20 species, natives of Asia.
I. Elsholtzia Patrinii (Lepech.) Kunt/e.
Ivlsholt/.ia. (Fig. 3188.)
Meiilha Pa I n' II i i \,<\ivc\\. Nov. Act. I'etrop. I3:.y6. 1802.
E. nislala Willd. in Koeni. & 1st. Ma;;. Hot. li: 3. i7<)o.
/■y.s/io//~ia J'alriiiii Kuiitze, k( v. Gen. PI. 517. 1891.
Annual, glabrous or nearly so; stems weak, erect
or ascending, at lengtli widely branched, \°-2°
high. I.eavcs long-pcliolcd, ovate or oblong, acute
or acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base,
crenate dentate, I'-j' long; spikes terminal, very
dense, i'-;,' high, about '/z' thick; flowers sieveral
in the axils of each of the l>roadly ovate membran-
ous green reticulated tnucronate bracts; calyx hir-
sute, sliorter than the bract; corolla 1" long,
pale purple.
Notre Dame du I,ac. Teniiscouata Co., (Juebec.
Naturalized from Asia. July-.\uif.
Family 26. SOLANACEAE Pcrs, Syii. i: 214. 1805.
I'or.xTo r.\Mii.v.
Herbs, shrubs, vines, or some tropical species trees, with alternate or rarely
opposite, exstipulate entire dentate lolied or di.ssected leaves, and perfect regnlar
or nearly regular cyino.se flowers. Calyx inferior, gaino.sepaloiis, mostly 5-lobed.
Corolla gamopetaloiis, rotate, campanulate, fiiinielform, .salverform or tubular,
mostly 5-lobed, the lobes induplicate-valvate or plicate in the bud. Stamens as
many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with them, inserted on the tube,
all equal and perfect in the following genera, except in J'diniiii, where 4 are
didynamous and the fifth smaller or ob.solete; anthers 2-celled, apically or longi-
tudinally dehiscent. Disk present, or none. Ovary entire, superior, 2-celled
(rarely 3-5-celled); ovules numerous on the axile placentae, anatrojwus or
amphitropous; style .slender, .simple; .stigma terminal; fruit a berry or capsule.
Seeds numerous, the testa sometimes roughened; embryo terete, spiral, curved,
or nearly straight; endosperm fleshy; cotyledons semiterete.
About 70 ({cnera and \Gx> species, widely distributed, most .ibundant in tropical regions.
-;;- Fruit a pulpy berry; corolla plicate, its lobes generally induplicate.
Anthers unconnected, destitute of terminal pores, dehiscent.
Fruitiiiff calyx blad<Urv iiillated.
I'ruiting calyx jangled and de( ply ,s |)arled; ovary ,l-,s celled, i. Pliyxalodrs.
Fruiting calyx ,s lobcd, not parted, lo-ribbid, often .siu angled, reticulated, wholly enclosing
the berry: ovary 2celled.
Corolla opencanipanulale, yellowish or whitish, often with a daik center; seeds with a
thin margin, finely pitte<l. 2. /'Iiysalis.
Corolla llat-rntale, violet or purple: seeds thick, rugose tuberculate. 3 Oiiiiniila.
Fruiting calyx somewhat enlarged, but closely fitted to the fruit, thin, obscurely veiny, open at
the mouth.
Corolla rotate, whitish: lobes of fruiting calyx much exceeding the hurry. 4. l.eiicofihvialis.
Corolla rotate, whitish, sometimes tinged with purple; fruiting calyx not exceeding the
berry. 5. Chamaesai aclia.
Anthers connivent or slightly connate; fruiting calyx not eidargid.
.\ntliers short or oblong, opening by a terminal jiore or short slit in our species. 6. So/a until.
Anthers long, tapering from base to summit, lougiludiiuilly dehiscent. 7. I.y(i>f<risicoii.
¥: -X- Fruit a nearly dry berry; corolla campanulate, little or not at all plicate, its lobes imbricated.
S. Lycium.
Vol.. III.]
I'OTATO FAMILY.
125
9. /fyosfyaniiis.
Id. J'ti/iini.
11. Xicotiaiia.
12. Petunia.
-A- ■:■;- •:;■ Fruit a capsule; corolla runnelform.
Capsule ciicutiiscissiU' toward the lop, which sipar.iUs as a lid; corolla irrcuiilar.
Capsule opiiiiuK liy valves.
Capsule ueuerally priekty.
CapsuU' not prickly.
I'lnwevs paniculate or racemose; stamens nearly uniform in leiiKlli.
I'lowi rs solitary; stamens very une(iual.
I, PHYSALODES Boehni. in Liidwig, Def. 42. 1760.
[Nic.\Ni)U.\ Adaiis. I'aiii. IM. 2: 219. 17^13.]
.\ii annual erect branching glabrous herb, with alleniate petiolcd thin sinuate-dentate or
lobcd leaves, and large light blue peduncled nodding flowers, solitary in the axils. Calyx
5-partcd, ,s-angled, much inflated in fruit, its segments ovate, coiinivent, cordate or sagittate
at the base, strongly reticulated. Corolla broadly cainpanulate, plicate in the bud, slightly
5-lobed. Stamens 5, included, inserted on the corolla near its base; filanients filiform, di-
lated and pilose below; anthers oblong, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary 3-5-
cclleil; style slender; stigma 3-5-lobed. IJerry globose, nearly dry, enclosed in the calyx.
[Greek, Thysalis-like.] ^yi
\ iiioiiotypic Peruvian genus.
I. Physalodes physalodes (L. ) Brit-
ton. Apple-of-Peru. (Fig. 3189.)
Ahopa pliysaliHli-s I,. Sp I'l. i8i. i7,sv
/'/lysiihn/rs I'fi iii'iaiium Kuiil/e, Kev. Gen. I'l. .(52,
iSqi.
]'. pliysaloitis Hiitton, Mem. Torr. Club. 5: 287. 1894,
Stem angled, 2'^ -5' high. Leaves ovate or
oblong, acuminate but blunt pointed, narrowed
at the bi.se, 3'-S' long, l'-.\' wide; petioles
longer than the peduncles; flowers I'-i^'a' long
and broad; corolla-limb almost entire; fruiting
calyx I'-lJi' long and thick, its segments acute
at the apex, their basal auricles acute or cuspi-
date; berry about J<' in diameter, loosely sur-
rounded by the calyx.
Ill waste places, escaped from gardens, Nova Sco-
tia to Ontario, south to Florida, .\dventivc from
Peru, riant with the aspect of a larf;e /V/)v<;//\.
Leaves similar to those iA\S/>ami>iiiinii. July Sept.
2. PHYSALIS I,. Sp. PI. 182. i:
Annual or perennial herbs, sometimes a little woody below, with entire or sinuately
toothed leaves. Peduncles slender, in ours solitary from the axils of the leaves. Calyx
campanulatc, 5-toothed, in fruit enlarged and bladdery-inflated, membranous, 5-angled, or
proininently m-ribbcd and reticulate, wholly inclosing the pulpy berry, its teeth mostly
coiinivent. Corolla yellowish or whitish, often with a darker brownish or purplish center,
opeu-campanulate, or rarely campanulate-rotate, plicate. Stamens inserted near the base of
the corolla; anthers oblong, opening by a longitudinal slit. Style slender, somewhat bent;
stigma minutely 2-cleft. Seeds numerous, kidney-shaped, flattened, with a thin edge, finely
pitted. [C.reek, bladder, referring to the inflated calyx.]
The mimbcr of recognized species is about ,so. Tlie actual number is, however, much larger.
Two species are of liiiropean origin, and about half a do/en are natives of India and .Vustralia,
the rest arc American; 34 occur in the fnitcd States.
->;- Annuals with branched fibrous roots.
t riaiits more or less pubescent (except /'. Jliirhadeiisis obsnira).
Fruiting calyx sharply 5-aiigled, more or less acuininate at the summit and sunken at the base;
calyx-lobes i at iloweriiig time) lanceolate or acuminate, as long as the tube or longer.
Leaves ov:itc, obliiiue, acute or acuininate, subeiitire at the base; upper part lepaiid or subeil-
tire; fruiting calyx small and short; stem slender, dilTuse, sharply angled, i. P. piihrscens.
Leaves cordate, obliipic, strongly sinuate to the base; stem stout, obtusely angled; fruiting
calyx rounded. 2. P. pniinosa.
Leaves cordate, scarcely obliipie, more or less abruptly acuminate, acutely repand dentate;
stem tall, acutely angled; fruiting calyx larger, long-acuminate. t,. P. /Ici inudi'nsts.
limiting calyx obtusely or iiulislinclly s-io-anglcd; calyx-lobes (at flowering time) triangular,
generally shorter than the tube. 4. /'. Lagascae.
t 1 Plants glabrous, or the upper part sparingly beset with short hairs, or a little puberulent when
young; fruiting calyx obtusely s-io-angled, not sunken at the base.
Corolla yellow, sometimes with the center a little darker but never brown or purple.
Peduncle, trencrally much longer than the fruiting calyx; leaves sinuately toothed or subeiitire.
5. /'. lanccifolia.
Peduncles scarcely exceeding the fruiting calyx; leaves sharply dentate. 6. P. angiilala.
*Text contributed by Mr. P. A. Rvdhkrg.
126
SOLANACEAK.
[Vol,. Ill,
Corolla yellow, with a lirown or purple centre.
redum-les short, scarcely as long as the flowers, which arc 5"-.S" in diameter; calyx-lobes
iMDadly triiuiKular. 7. I', i vocarfia.
Peduncles lonner than the (lowers, which are 8"-i2" in diameter; calyx-loltes lanceolate-trian-
Kular. S. /'. Philadelf>liica.
-X- ■?(• Perennial by rootatocka.
t Pubescence not stellate (altlioUKh in /'. pumita of branched hairs).
Pubescence on the leaves none, on the upper part of the stem and the calyx sparse and short, if any.
I'ruitinK calyx ovoid, nearly filled by the berry, scarcely sunken at the base.
Leaves oviite lanceolate to broadly ovate, iisually thin. 8. /■. Philadelpliica.
Leaves lanceolate, oblanceolate, or linear. q. /'. loiif;i/oliit.
Fruiting calyx pyramidal, very much inflated and deeply sunken at the base; leaves broadly
ovate, usually coarsely dentate. 10. /'. macrof>h\sa.
Pubescence sparse, consisting of flat, sometimes jointed, and in P. pumiia branched hairs; in
P. X'ir^iniana sometimes a little viscid.
FruitiuK c.ilyx ovoid, scarcely angled and scarcely sunken at the base; leaves tliick, obovate or
spatulate to rhomboid, subentire.
Leaves obovate or spatulate; hairs all simple. 11. P. lanceolala.
Leaves broader, often rhomboid; hairs on tlic lower surface branched. 12. P. pumiia.
Fruiting; calyx pyramidal, more or less 5 angled and deeply sunkei\ at the base; leaves ovate to
lanceolate, generally more or less dentate. i,^. /'. Virgiiiiana.
Pubescence dense, short, more or less viscid or glandular, often mixed with long flat jointed hairs.
Leaves large; blade generally over 2' long and more or less cordate. 14. P. Iicleropliylla.
Leaves less than 2' long, rounded ovate or rhombic, scarcely nt all cordate at the base; calyx,
peduncles and yotinger branches with long white flat and jointed hairs. 15. P. coma/a.
Leaves small. I'-i-,' in diameter, nearly orbicular, sometimes a little cordate at the b.ise, not
coarsely toothed ; stem dilTuse or prostrate. 16. P. rolumlal(t.
t t Pubescence dense, cinereous, beautifully stellate. 17. P. z'iscosa.
I. Physalis pubescens ly. Low Hairy
Ground-Cherry. (Fig. 3190.)
Pliysalis pnhesccns \,. vSp. PI. 183. 175^.
Stem generally diitusc or spreading, niucli
branched, angled, often a little swollen at the
nodes, villous-puhescetit or sometimes nearly
glabrous; leaves thin, i'-2>2' long, ovate, acute
or acuminate, at the base oblique, slightly cor-
date and generally entire, upward repand-den-
ticulate or entire, pubescent, sonietinies becom-
ing nearly glabrous exce])t along the veins;
peduncles short, i"-2''' long, or in fruit about
5"; calyx-lobes narrow but not with a subulate
tip; corolla y's" in diameter, yellow with
dark centre; anthers usually purplish; fruiting
calyx membranous, lo'^-is" long, pyramidal,
ovoid-acuminate, more or less retuse at the base.
In .sandy soil, Penn.sylvania to Florida and Cali-
fornia; also in Mexico, Central and .South America
and India. Called also Dwarf Cape Gooseberry and
Strawberry Tomato. July-Sept.
2. Physalis pruinosa L. Tall Hairy
Ground-Cherry, (Fig. 3191.)
Physalis pruinosa L. Sp. 184. 1753.
P. pubescens Dunal, in DC. Prod. 13: part i, 446.
1852. Also American authors in p.irt.
Stout, generally erect, and • re hairy
than the preceding and the I ,vo following
species; stem obtusely angled, finely villous
or somewhat viscid; leaves firm, I'/i'-V
long, finely pubescent, ovate, cordate, gen-
erally very oblique at the base, and deeply
sinuately toothed with broad and often ob-
tuse teeth; peduncles i"-2" long, in fruit
about 5"; calyx villous or viscid; lobes as
long as the tube, narrow but not subulate-
tipped; corolla 2"-\" in diameter; anthers
yellow, or tinged with purple; fruiting calyx
a little firmer and more pubescent than in
the preceding, reticulate, lo'^-is" long,
ovoid, cordate; berry yellow or green.
In cultivated soil, Mas.sachusetts to Iowa,
Missouri and Florida. July-Sept.
Voi<. III.]
POTATO FAMILY.
127
3. Physalis Barbadensis Jacq. Barbadoes Ground-Cherry. (Fig. 3192.)
Pliysalis /larbaiiensis ]i\\:i\. Misc. 2: 359. 17S1.
Stem stouter tlinn in /'. puhcsccm:, tall and erect or
widely spreading, acutely 3-4anKled, pubescent,
viscid, or sotnetinies nearly glabrous; leaves 1)2'-
2^' l<"i>f> ovate or lieart-sliapcd, acute, or abruptly
acuminate, sharply rci)and-dcntate, pubescent with
short hairs; peduncles short, iyt"-2" long, but in
fruit sometimes 10"; calyx generally densely viscid-
hirsute, lobes lanceolate, acuminate, but not subu-
late-tipped; corolla 7'/^"-^" in diameter; anthers
generally purplish; fruiting calyx longer than in
the two preceding species, I'-i^' long, acuminate
and reticulate, retuse at the base.
Sandy soil, "..iirth Carolina, aoutht-rn Illinois and
Mfxico, tlif Wtst Indies and South America. July-Sept.
Physalis Barbadensis obscura (Michx.) Rydl>erg, Mem.
Torr. Clul). 4: ,127. 1896.
Physalis ohsciira Mielix. 1"1. Dor. Am. 1: 149. 1803.
Greener; perfectly gliibrous, or sometimes minutely
pubescent, wlien it tfrades into /', /larbailensis \>xo\tcx.
The distribution is about the same as tli.'it of the species.
4. Physalis Lagascae R. & S. Sniall-
flowered Groutid-Cherry. (Fig. 3193.)
JViysalis l.ac^ascae R. «: S. Syst. \'cg-. 4: '''79. i8iq.
y. minima koxb. Tl. Ind. I: 563. 1820. Not I,. 1753.
Stem spreading, often zigzag, branched, stri-
ate, or slightly angled, villous with short hairs.
Leaves ^■^'-3,'i' long, ovate, oblinuc and cuneate,
obtuse, or cordate at the base, acute but not
acuminate, repandorsinuately dentate, hairy, at
least on the veins; peduncles Ji'^-Z/i" long,
erect, in fruit 2j4"-5" reflexed, shorter than the
fruiting calyx; calyx villous, lobes shorter than
the tube, triangular; corolla i'/z'^-a" in dia-
meter, yellow, generally with a dark centre, an-
thers generally yellow; fruiting calyx 7"-io"
long, round-ovoid, nearly filled by the berry,
scarcely sunken or commonly rounded at the
base.
Native of Mexico, the West and F.ast Indies; per-
haps only introduced in the United States. Jlis-
souri atul Kansas to Arkansas and Indian Territory.
July-Sept.
5. Physalis lanceifolia Nees. I^ance-
leaved Ground-Cherry. (Fig. 3194.)
Physalis lanceifolia Nees, Uimaea, 6: 473. 1831.
P.'an^ulata Ruiz & I'av. I'l. Peruv. 2: 43. 17(^9. Not
L- 1753-
Erect, generally \)^° high, branched; stem angled,
glabrous; leaves in the typical form lanceolate, sub-
entire or slightly toothed; calyx cylindrical-cam-
panulate, its lobes broadly triangular, shorter than
the tube; peduncles filiform, about i ' long, erect
with nodding flower, in fruit \)i'-i' long and re-
flexed; corolla 3"-4" in diameter, campanulate,
yellow, without a dark spot; anthers yellow, more
or less tinged with purple; fruiting calyx about 10"
long, rounded ovoid, indistinctly lo-angled and
purple veined, nearly filled by the berry.
Illinois to Texas, California and southward. .\lso in
Mexico and Peru. In tlie eastern plant the leaves are
broader than in the typical form, and sometimes with
sharper teeth. July-Sept.
128
.SOI.ANACEAE.
[Vol.. III.
6. Physalis angulata L.
Cut-leaved Ground-Cherry. (Kij;. 3195.)
Pliyuitis an);iilala I,. Sp. I'l. 183. 1753.
IJrect, i]i^-T,° \\\\!)\, \!,\a\nQ\\»\ stem niijjular;
leaves ovate, with inure or less cuiicatc base,
soiiie-vliat simiaU'ly toothed with loiiK-acuiiii-
iiate teeth; blades 2' -2',i' Ioiik, 011 slender peti-
oles I'-a' loii),', thill, tlie veins not prominent;
pe<luncles slender, io"-i5" lonj;, erect, in frnit
often rcflcxed Iiut seldom exceeding tlie fruiting
calyx in length; calyx smooth, lobes triangular
to lanceolate, generally shorter than the tube;
corolla 2!4"-5" iu diameter; anthers more or
less purplish tinged; fruiting calyx about I'X'
long, ovoid, not prominently 5-10-angled,
sometimes purple-veined and at last nearly
filled by the yellow berry.
In rich soil, North Camliiia to Illinnis. tlic Indian
Territory, Texas, Ctnlral Atui'rica, Hra/il and llie
Wist Indies. .Mso in India. July Sept.
7. Physalis ixocarpa Hrot. Toinatillo.
Mexican Ground-Cherry. Straw-
berry Tomato. (Fig. 3196.)
/'/ifsa/is iiiiciii/>ti I!r(jl.; Ilorneinan, Ilort. Ilafn.
.Suppl. 2f<. 1S19.
r. iieijiiala Jac(i. f . ; Nces, I.iniiaLa, 6: 4711. 1S31.
At first erect, later widely spreading, much
branched; stem angled, glabrous, or the younger
parts sparingly hairy; leaves from cordate to
ovate, with a cuncatc base which is somewhat
oblique, sinuately dentate or entire, I'-zJ'i'
long; peduncles short, i"-2|^" long; calyx
sparingly hairy, its lobes short, broadly triangu-
lar, shorter than the tube; corolla bright yellow
with purple throat, ^"-T" (sometimes nearly
10") in diameter; fruiting calyx round-ovoid,
obscurely lo-angled, often purple-veined, at last
often filled by the purple berry, which some-
times bursts it.
Native of Mexico. It is often cultivated for its fruit and frequently escapes from cultivation.
8. Physalis Philadelphica Lam. Philadelphia Ground-Cherry. (Fig.3197.)
Physalis IViiladelpliica I.ani. Uiicycl. 2: 101. 1786.
Annual, or perennial from a deep rootstock, tall,
erect, 2>2°-5° high; stem angled, dichotomously
branched, glabrous, or sometimes .slightly pubes-
cent with sparse and short hairs on the upper parts;
blades ovate to ovate-lam.'colate, often very oblique
at the base and more or less acuminate, entire or
repand-denticulate, 2j2'-4' long, on petioles ly'z'-
2/-^' long, often in pairs; peduncles slender, 5"-io'''
long, generally longer than the flower; calyx gla-
brous, or minutely ciliolate, lobes ovate-lanceolate
or triangular, sometimes broadly ovate and un-
equal, generally equalling the tube; corolla yellow
or greenish yellow with purplish tliroat, ,^.^'-i'in
diameter; anthers tinged with purple; fruiting
calyx at first somewhat 10 angled and sunken at
the base, at last often filled with or even burst by
the large red or purple berry.
Rhode Island to Georfjia, Texas and Nebraska.
July-Sept. Formerly cultivated for its fruit.
Vor,. III.]
POTATO FAMILY.
129
9. Physalis longifdlia Nutt. Long-leaved GrouiKl Cherry. (Fig. 3198
JVivsiilh loin^ifclia Null. Trims. .\iii. Pliil. Sue. (II.) 5:
/'/ivsa/i\ Idiiifulii/,! viir. lacvigtUa A. Ciriiy, I'roc. .\m.
Acad. 10: (),S. iS;4.
IVrennial from a thick rootstock; sti-iii in tlie
coiiiiiion form stout and tall, 1 '.." 3'' lii^'li, slijjliliy
angled, hraiiclied above, the branches strict, j^la-
brous. Leaves lanceohite, oblaiiccolate, or linear,
taporitiK into a short stout petiole 5"-i()" lonj;,
subentire or repand; peduncles 5"-io" long, in
fruit often recurved; calyx generally glabrous, its
lobes triangular-lanceolate, about the length of the
tube; corolla 6"-io" in diameter, yellow with a
dark, commonly brownish center; anthers yellow,
tinged with purple; fruiting calyx ovoid, about i '4 '
long, not sunken at tlie bast-; berry yellow, the
lower portion and the stipe glutinous.
In rich soil, Iowa lo Arkansas, I'liili and Mexico.
July-Sfpl.
10. Physalis macrophysa Rydb. Lar^e-
bladder Ground-Cherry. (Fig. 3199.)
p. )iiar>(t/>/nui Kydbeiif, Hull. Torr. Club, 22: 308. 1895.
rerenriial; root somewhat thick and fle.shy; stem
erect, l.'z^-.i" high, comparatively slender, an.i,ded,
perfectly glabrous, or the upper parts sparingly pu-
bescent with very short hairs. Leaves large, thin,
i'.!'-3,'2' long, i'-2' wide, the lower obtuse, the
upper acute or acuminate; petioles slender, 10"-
2(i" long; peduncles 5"-.S" long, erect, in fruit re-
llexed; calyx smooth, its lobes ovate-triangular or
broadly lanceolate, generally a little shorter than
the tube; corolla yellow with a dark center, about
10" in diameter; anthers generally yellow, some-
times tinged with purple; fruiting c.ilyx large,
I'i'-iyi' long, I'-iV' ill diameter, pyramidal to
ovoid-conic, indistinctly ro-angled, deeply sunken
at the base; berry small, in the center of the calyx.
In rich soil, Texas lo Kansas and Arkansas. May-
July. Rare.
II. Physalis lanceolata Michx. Prairie Ground-Cherry. (Fig. 3200.)
/'/nstu'is /aiiceo/ci/u Miclix. I'l. Hur. Am. 1: 1(9. 1S.1;.
Pliv^alis Pcnii.'ivlz'aiiha var. htnceohila A. Gray, Man.
!•>!. 5, ,^82. 1S67.
I'erennial; rootstock apparently as a rule slender
and creeping; stem about i'^" high, first erect,
later .spreading or diiTuse, only slightly angled,
sparingly hirsute with flat hairs. Leaves broadly ob-
lanceolate or spatulate, tapering into the petiole,
acute or obtuse, ' early always entire, rarely wavy,
but never siniiately toothed, thickish, sparingly
hairy with short hairs; peduncles .s^'-io" long, in
fruit reflexed; calyx strigose or villous, rarely gla-
brous, its lobes triangular-lanceolate;' corolla dullish
yellow with a brownish center, about 8" in diam-
eter; fruiting calyx round-ovoid, not sunken at the
base, indistinctly lo-angled; berry yellow or green-
ish yellow.
On dry prairies, common west of the Missouri River,
extending eastward lo Illinois and the Carolinas. July-
Sept.
9
:
I30 S()i,.\naci:.m;.
12. Physalis pumila Nutt.
[Vot,. iir.
I,o\v Ground-Cherry. (Fi^. 3201.)
I'livuilis fiiiniihi Nutt. Tniiis, Am. I'liil. Soc. i 11. I 5:
I'M. \Xm.
J'hv-itlh liDhCKUila var. Iiiilit .\. diiiy, I'roc. .Am.
.Aiiul. 10: (.M. IS-|.
ri'H'iini:il from a sloiuler forjtstiK'k, 1 '.. V liin'i;
sttlii <pl>«ui\'lyiiiinli'(l. 1,1'avi'stliick, liroailly ovale
to ol)lipii;.;, Ri'uti' at liolli i'ikK and smni'wli.it rlioni-
l)oiil, llie lower oftfii olitii.se and oliovale, gener-
ally niueli larger tlian in tlie j)reie(lin>{; hlades
a'-4' loiif^, entire or seliloni sinuate, on jielioles
10"- 15" lotij^, strijjose with niany-lirnnehed hairs
es]H'eialIy on the lower suil'aee; pt"(lunrles ,s"-iii"
lotijj, in fr\iit rellexed and I '2'- 2' lonj,'; ealyx
densely hirsute, not stellatc-pnbesient, its lobes tii-
iinnul.ir, generally a little shorter tlian the lulie;
eoroUa yellow with hrown center, S" lo" in dinin-
eter; fruiting i'nly.\ usually more elongated than
in the jireeediuj;, 1 'j' 2' lonj.;, ohlonj^ ovoid, a
little sunken at the base, indistinitly mangled.
rl.iins, Missouri to Colov.ulo and Texas. July-Scpt.
13. Physalis Virgini^na Mill. Virginia Ground-Cherry.
J'hvsalis I'iiiiiiiiaiia Mill. Card Diet, i;<l. .s, no. .|, I7i>.s.
/'Jiyui/is /,tii,i'i</,i/,i KcKin. iV Sell. ,Syst. Vt tr. 4; o;,?, and
.\nuricau autlinrs mainly. Not Miclix. iso,^.
JVivsiilis i'linisylvaiiuii A. Cifay. Man. lid. 5, ,('*J. 1H67.
Not I,. I7,s,5. ■
rerennial; root.stock thick atul sotncwhat (lesliy;
stem l'2°-3° high, erect, dicliotoinously branched,
somewhat angular, more or less strigose-hairy with
flat hairs, sometimes a little glandular, or in some 4
forms nearly glabrous. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, tn- j
pering to both ends, i '2 '-2,' i' long, generally more
or less sinuately dentate, often yellowish green; pe-
duncles -,"--10" long, generally erect, in fruit cmved
but .scarcely rellexed; calyx strigose, hirsute, or at
lea.st puberuleut, its lobes triangular or broadly lan-
ceolate, nearly eciualling the tube; corolla sulphur-
yellow with purplish spots, -' I'-i ' in diameter; anthers
yellow; fruiting calyx pyramidal-ovoid, s-angled,
sunken at the base; berry reddish.
Kicli soil, especially in (jpen places, New York lO Mani-
toba, I'lorida and Louisiana. July-.Sept. Very variable.
Physalis Virginiana intermedia Kydherg, JK m Torr. Club, 4: ^115. 181/).
Leaves very tliin and subinlin-, gradually t.iperinj; into wiuK'd petioles; ])ul)ts('ence in the
young plant .■*omewli.it viscid. Perhaps a distinct species. Indiana to Al.ibama and Texas.
Physalis heteroph^lla Xees. Clammy Ground-Cherry, (Fig. 320;,.)
IVivsalis z'isio.sa I'ursli, I'l. Am. Sept. 157. 1S14. Nut
L. 175,^.
Physalis hi-leroftliyUa Nees. I.innaea, 6; .)6v i8,si.
I'liYsalis I'iixiiiiana \. t'.rav, ,Svn. I'l. 1: I'art i, 2 is.
1878. Not'Mill. 176.S.
rerennial from a slender creeping rootstock,
1 1 jO-^o tall, at first erect, later generally decumbent
and spreading, viscid and glandular, and villous
with long spreading jointed Hat hairs; leaves large,
blade generally over 2' long, usually broadly cordate,
often acute but very rarely with an acundnation,
thick, more or less sinuately toothed, or sometimes
subentire; calyx long-villous, lobes triangular, gen-
erally shorter than the tube; corolla 8"-io" in diam-
eter, greenish yellow with a brownish or purplish
center; anthers mostly yellow; berry yellow.
In rich soil, e.-^pecially where the surface has been
disturbed, New Brunswick to Saskatchewan, Florida,
Colorado iiiul Texas. The most common of our species,
and extremely variable, perhaps includes several dis-
tinct species.
Vol.. III.]
I'OTATO lAMII.Y.
»3«
Phyialii heterophylla ambigua i A. Cray i Kyillxiij:. Mi'in. Tun. Clul), 4: ,U'< >S96.
/V/|va//t r/».i,'"""' viir. ii«//i/V'((i .\. Cray, Vuiv. \m. \oiil 10; 'p.s. iH;).
/'/iisa/is riiirifiiiiiiii v.ir. <i»i/>i,i;iiii \. Criiy, .Syii. I'l. ] I'atl 1, .'(v 1X7S.
y'Al \it/i\ iiiiihii;iiii llrilliiii, Mtin. Turr. Cluti, 5; JS;. iHi)^.
Tall .111(1 Ki'tiirally uprinlit. vrry loiiK villoiit, ncaricly at nil viscid, flowcfH cnmmunly larKi'r;
atitlic rt moHlly piirpli.ili. \'i'riiii>til to Idwn nixl TcnneMiic-c.
Phydalia heterophylla nycta^inea 1 Diinnli '.-(ytllurK; CIiiipiii 111, IM. S. Stalls, I'M. ,?, ,v'|. i.****;.
,"liy\iilh iif'u-ii'ii Ti)rr. I'M. N \ M. r. S. 2,(,v isj). Not Mitli.x. iSo.j.
/'/ij.uilix M ir/i/.c'"''" "mini iti I>C. I'milr. 13: I'art i, 440. iSja,
I.eavfs UHimlly ilark (frecn and <if a firm ttxtiirr, more or Ic«s aiuiniiiali' at llir apt'x. ofli'ti -iiil)
eiUirt', and inilKsctiit mainly on tlu' VLlnsof tilt- lower Hurfnci-. Kliode Island to Iowaa:id I.onisiana.
Physalis Peruviana I,.. .1 nati\i- of Soulli Aniirica, is lulliv.itid fur its fruit in -11 warm and
lilli])! iat( ri'Kions, and olttii tsiapis It rist iiililis /'. /ir/rin/i/iil/ii, Imt dilltrs in tlif U avis, which
liavi' II lonif <li«tinct aciitninalion, ,ind in the imln sci nic, which is sliorti r, denser, and not at .ill
viscid. Known «h Cape Cooscberiy, Strawhcrry Tomato, I'eriivian tjround Cherry and Husk
Tiiinato.
i
Physalis i >. Akta Ryilberg. Hillside Groimd-Cherry. (I-'ig. 3204.)
i'ln null's toiiKiIti Kydherif. Hull. Torr. Clul>, 22: 306.
IS. 15.
I'eronnial, erect, about i 'j° hi).;''; pubescence
fine and short, that on the calyx, peduncles and
uppi r brandies tnixeil with Imi^ white Hat jointed
hairs. Like P. hctciophylla Nees ( /'. I 'irxi>iitiii,i
(iray, not Mill. 1, but leaves snialler, blade tiot over
2' I'liij;, round-ovate, scarcely at all cordate at tlie
base, about 2' lonjj, thin, somewhat repand-dentate,
or nearly entire; jietioles as lotij,' as the leaves;
peduncles as hiu^ as the fruititi).; calyx, or longer;
corolla ;,'reeiiish yellow, with brown center, 6"-ln"
in diameter; fruitinj^ calyx of thin texture, round-
ovoid, somewhat lo-anj^led, .scarcely sunken at the
ba.se.
Hillsides of Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado and Texas,
Rare.
in the
16. Physalis rotundata Kydberg. Ri)tind-leavcd Grotmd-Chfrry,
(Fig. 3205.)
IVtVialh hciiciaefi'lia Hol/.iiiKcr, Cunt. I'. S. Nat.
Heib. I: 212. 1892. Not Cray.
Phvsalis lolinnlala Kvdberp, Mem. Torr. Club. 4:
,iS2. I«q6.
DilTu.se niid spreading, zigzag, generally dicho-
toniou.sly much branched, from a perennial
rootstock, densely and finely viscid-pubescent,
usually more glandular than the preceding.
I,enves nearly orbicular with more or less cordate
base, I'-l-'i' in diameter, with small teeth; peti-
oles short, more or less winged; peduncles short,
in fruit scarcely more than half the length of the
calyx; corolla 8" in diameter, greenish yellow
with a brownish center; fruiting calyx ovoid,
slightly angled, scarcely sunken at the base.
Dry plains. South Dakota to Texas and New Mex-
ico. July-Sept.
132
SOLANACKAi:.
[Vol,. III.
17. Physalis viscdsa I.,. Stellate Groniul-
Cherry. (Fig. 3206.)
Physnlis t'isiosa I,. Si>. I'l. 18,5. 175.?.
Pliyiiilis'J'eniisyli'anica I,. Sp. PI. VA. 2, 1670. \'(\\.
rerciiii'al from a sleiukT cifopinj; lootstock ; stilus
sleiuk-r, croepiiif;, with a ileiise ashy stellate jnilies-
ceiu'e, or in age rarely glahrate. Leaves elliptie,
oval or ovate, obtuse, thiiiish, entire or undulate,
in the typical South American form often cordate at
the base, but rarely so in our plant; peduncles ,'i'-
1 ' long; calyx stellate-pubescent, its lobes triangular,
generally shorter than the tube; corolla greenish yel-
low with a darker center, S"-io''' in diameter; fruit-
ing lalyx io"-l5" long, round-ovoid, scarcely
sunken iit the base; berry orange or yellow.
On sea beaches, or in sand near tlic coast. VirKinia
(?l; North Carolina to the .\rnentitU' Kepublic.
Physalis Alkekengi I,., Strawberry Tomato, Winter Clierry. is a nati- r of luirope ami Asia, ofti 11
cultivated for its fruit ami someliiius eseaptd from euUivaliun. Tlie llowi is are whilisli, limt)
more distinctly ,^ lobed; leaves broadly deltoid, acute at both emis, lepand or aiiKuUUely tootlud,
3. QUINCULA Raf. All. Joiirn. 1^5. 1832.
.\ low and diffuse somewhat .scurfy herb, with a stout perennial root. Leaves from sinu-
ate to pinnatifid, somewhat fleshy, reduncles most commoidy in jjairs from the axils .)f the
leaves, sometimes solitary, or in fascicles of 3-5. Calyx campaindatc, ,s-toolhed, in fr\iil in-
flated, sharply ,s-angular and reticulate, enclosing tae fruit, the lobes connivent. Ci>rolla
flat-rotate, pentagonal in tnitline, vein}-, violet or purplish. .Vnthers opening by a longitud-
inal slit. Seeds comparatively few, kidney-shaped, somewhat flattened, with thick margins,
rugose-tuberculale. [Name unexjilained.]
.\ monotypic kcuus of central North .\mcrica.
I. Quincula lobata (^Torr.) Raf. Piirple-
flowercd Cirotiiid-Chcrry. (Fig. 3207.)
Pliynilis /dlhita Torr. .\nii. I.yc. N. V. 2. 220. 1S27.
Qliiiuula loha/a Raf, .Ml. Journ, i.|,s. iSj2.
I'erennial, low, spreading or prostrate, more or
less scurfy pubendcnt; stem obtusely angled and
striate, much branched. Leaves oblanceolate or
spalidate to oblon.g, sinuately toothed, ur pinnatitid
w ith rounded lobes, or rarely subcntire, cuneate at
the base, thickish and veiny, tapering into margin-
ed petioles; peduncles i'-2' long, in fruit rellexed;
calyx-lobes triangular, acute, sho't,;- than the tube;
corolla purplish, i(i"-i5" in <liameter; anthers yel-
low, tinged with purple; fruiting calyx about as
wide as long, sharply 5-aiigled, sunken at the base.
On IiIkIi pi. Otis. Kansas to California ami Mexico.
May Sept.
4. LEUCOPHYSALIS Rydbcrg, Mem. Torr. Club, 4: 365. 1S96.
.\ tall erect viscid and villous annual, with entire leaves, the blade decnrrent on the
petiole. Peduncles generally in fa.seides of 2-4 in the axils. Calyx campamdale, ,S-lobed,
at first a little inflated, but soon filled by and closely fitted to the berry, thin, neither an-
gled nor ribbed, faintly veiny, open at the mouth, the lobes exceeding the fruit. Corolla
rotate, white, sometimes tinged with purple and generally creamy or yellow in the center,
the limb plicate. Stamens in.serted near the base of the corolla; lilaments long anil slender;
anthers oblong, opening by a longitudinal slit. Style and stigma as in IViysalis. Seeds kid-
ney-shaped, flattened, punctate. [Greek, white /'/nsa/is.]
A uionotypie Kemis of northern North America.
Vol.. III.]
TdTATO I'AMILV.
^i3
I. Leucophysalis grandiflora ( IIoDk.") Rydhjip. Large White flowered
Orouiul-Cherry. ( Kig. 320S.)
P/nsalis i^ran</(/fi>i,t Hook. I'l. Hor. .\m. 2:
00. iS.U-
/.,iiii</>lnsii/is xKi >"/(// '"'ii Ryilbrrj;, SIi 111.
Ton. Clul), 4- .',('6. i8ii<i.
Krect, tall, i,'." 3° liigli; stem soiiie-
wliat angled, .>;triate, more or k'S.s villou.s.
Leaves large, .4' S' loiij;, ovate to lanceo-
late-ovate, ^'ciierally acute aiitl entire,
sonicNvliat ilecurretit on the petiole, more
or les.s villous and viscid, especially on the
veil's of the lower surface; peduncles sev-
eral from each nxil, short, '-:i '-':,' long,
villous; calvx villous; lohes lanceolate,
eciualliuj; tl\e tuhe; corolla lar};e, I '4 '-
I,'.' in diameter, rotate, white with a
more or less j-ellowi.sh center; filaments
slender; anthers short, yel'ow, often
tinged with purple; fruitini; calvx ovoid,
early tilled l>y the l)erry.
I.ake Clriinplaiu ami tin- St. I.awnncc val-
ley to Saskatciiewaii and Miniu^ota; accord-
ing; lo tirav, " spritiKinR up in new clearinKS. "
May July!
5. CHAMAESARACHA A. Gray, Bot. Cal. i: 540. 1S76.
IVrenniaLs, with entire to piniintilid leaves, tlie l)lade decurrent on the petiole. I'edun-
eles solitary, or in fascicles of 2-| in the axils. Calyx campannlate, 5 lohed, in fruit some-
what enlarged, hnt not l)l.iddery-inllateil, close-litling to the berry, thin, not anj^led nor
ribbed, and faintly if at all veiny, open at the mouth, not exceedinj.; the berry. Corolla
rotate, white or creani-colored, often tinged with i)urple, the limb plicate. Stamens inserted
near the base of the corolla; lilaments long and slender; anthers ohloiijj, opening by lonji;itn-
diiial slits; style and .stigma as in /'/nsii/is. Seeds kidney -shaped, (lalteiied, rugose-favose
or punctate. [Ciround-.Vi;; Ji//./, tlie latter a ^enus namecl in honor of Isidore .Saracha, a
Spanish Itenedictine hot;inist.]
An Aniericaii Renus, consisting of half a dozen species, natives of Jle.xico and the sontlnvest
em I'nited Stales.
l'ul)cscence dense, puherulent and l.irsute. i. C. rix/Zo/'i/cv.
I'utiescenee sparse, pnlicrnleut or stellate, hirsute ( if at all ) only on the calyx. 2. C. diroiio/tiis.
I. Chamaesaracha conioides ( Moricatul)
Hriltoii. Hairy Chainae.saraeha. (I'ig. 3201;.)
Dunal in DC. I'rodr. 13: I'art
"^ . ' y/ Si>l(iiiin/i ii>iii(ii<ti-s "Mor'ic.
' ^ • I. <'(. 1S52.
C/iiiiiiiit:<iii,n/iit soidiitii \, dray, Hot. Cal. i: ,S4o. \'^-(i.
Chaiiiiifsai iicIki coiiiiUiles Ilritton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5:
28;. 1805.
Mudi branched from a perennial base, .at lirst up-
right, at lenjjth spreading, cinereous-pnbernkMit with
slnnt branched somewhat glutinous or viscid hairs,
generally also viscidl y hirsute or villous with long ami
branched hairs, especially on the calyx; leaves ob-
lanceolate to obovate-rhombic, usually acutish and
tapering into a sliort petiole, generally deeply lobed,
but varying from subentire to pinnatilid; calyx lobes
triangular, generally acutish; corolla about 'i' in
diameter, white or (ichroleucous, or sometimes violet-
purplish; berry 2'i"-4" in diameter.
In dry clayey .soil, sontliern Kniisas to California aiul
Mexico. May-Sept.
Ill IIIIII JIIIIII^^
SOLANACEAE.
tVor.. III.
2. Chamaesaracha Coronopus
(Dunal) A. Gray. Sinoothish Chamae-
saracha. (Kig. 3210.)
Solaiium Cdionopiis Duii.il in DC. I'rodr. 13: Part
1,64. TS52.
C. Coionopii.\ A. Cray, Hot. Cal. i: 540. 1876.
Hraiiched and diffuse from a perennial base;
stem obtusely angled ; pubescence on the stem
and leaves more or less roughisli pruinose or
stellate, often scarcelj' any; on the calyx stellate
or sometimes hirsute. Leaves linear or lanceo-
late, tapering at the base, more or less sinuately
lobed, occasionally subentire, sometimes pin-
nalifid; calyx-lobes triangular, acute; corolla
white or ochroleucons, the appendages of the
tliroat often protuberant; berry 2y2"-.\" in
diameter, nearly white.
Ill clayey soil, Kansas to Utah, Califjrnia micl
Mexico. Variable. May -Sept.
6. SOLAN UM L. Sp. PI. 1S4. 1753.
Herbs or shrubs, often stellate-pubescent, sometimes climbing. l''lo\vers cvmose, uinbel-
liform, paniculate, or racemose, white, blue, purple, or yellow. Calyx campanulate or rotate,
mostly 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Corolla rotate, the limb plaited, 5-angled or 5-lobed, the tube
very short. vStamens in.serted on the throat of the corolla; fdaments short; anthers lintiror
oblong, acute or acuminate, connate or connivent into a cone, the cells dehiscent by a term-
inal pore, or sometimes by a short introrse terminal slit, 0/ .sometimes also longituilinally.
Ovary usually 2-celled; stigma small. lierry mostly globose, the calyx either persistent at
its base or enclo.sing it. [Name, according to Wettstein, from solaiinn, (juietuig.]
.About c)oo species, of wide ReoKrapliic distribution, most abundant in tropical .\nierica. liesides
the following, some 1,5 others occur in the soulliern and western liiiled Slates.
-X- Glabrous or pubescent herbs, not p-ickly.
Plants green; pubescence simple, or sonic of it .stellate; flowers white.
Leaves repand nr entire; ripe berries black.
Leaves deeply pinnalifid; rijie berries Kreen.
Plant silvery stellate-canescent; flowers violet.
S. iiii,^) h:ii.
S. /i i/fonim.
•X -X- Stellate-pubescent and prickly herbs.
Berry not enclosed by the calyx; perennials.
Hirsute; leaves ovate or oblong, sinuate or pinnatifid.
Densely silvcry-canesccnt; leaves linear or oblong, repand or entire.
Pubescent ; leaves ovate, ,s-7-lobed.
Berry invested by the spiny calyx; ainuials.
Plant densely stellale-puhescenl; corolla yellow.
Plant glandular-pubescent, with few stellate hairs; corolla violet.
-X- -X- ^ Climbing vine, not prickly; leaves hastate or 3-lobed
I. Solanum nigrum 1,. Black or Garden
Nightshade. Morel. (Fig. 321 1.)
Sohiiium nigrum L. Sp, PI. i86. 175.V
Annual, glabrous, or somewhat pubescent with
simple hairs, green; stem erect, branched, i°-a^^''
high. Leaves ovate, petioled, more or less inequi-
lateral, l'-3'long, entire, undulate, or dentate, thin,
acute, acuminate or acutish at the apex, narrowed
or rounded at the base; peduncles lateral, unibel-
lately 3-10-flowered, >2'-i>i' long; pedicels j"-;"
long; flowers white, 4"-5" broad; calyx-lobes ob-
long, obtuse, spreading, nnich shorter than the
corolla, persistent at the base of the berry; fdaments
somewhat pubescent; anthers obtuse; berries black
when ripe, smooth and glabrous, globo.se, 4"-5" in
diameter, on nodding peduncles.
In w.aste places, commonly in cultiv.ated soil, Nova
Scotia to the Northwest Territory, south to p"loridaand
Texas. Widely distributed in nearly all countries as a
weed. Called also Duscle, Houiid's-berry. July-Oct.
3. S. Ctiro/iiinisg.
4. .V. claeugiii/olhiin.
5. 6'. Titrieyi.
6. .9. roslraliim.
7. .S". helciihloxum.
8. .S. Diihamara.
Vol. III.]
POTATO FAMILY.
2. Solanum triflorum Nutt. Cut-
leaved Nightshade. (Fig. 3212.)
Solanum liifloriim Nult. Cieii, i: 128. i-viS.
.Viimial, sparingly pubescent witli simple hair.s,
or glabrous; stem branched, 1°-,?° Iiigli. Leaves
pinuatifid, or some of them pinnatelj' lobcd,
acute at the apex, petioled, 2'-4' long, the lobes
triangular-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, entire or
dentate, the sinuses rounded; peduncles lateral,
i-i-flowered, Yz'-i' long; pedicels 2>"-l" l""g.
refle.ved in fruit; calyx-segments lanceolate,
shorter than the corolla, persistent at the base of
the berry; corolla white, .\"-}," broad; anthers
obtuse; berries green when mature, globose,
smooth and glabrous, about 5" in diameter.
On prairies and in waste places, western Ontario
to tlie Xorlhwesl Territory, smith to Nebraska and
Arizona. Slay-Oct.
Solanum Carolinense !.,.
4. Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.
Silver-leaved Nightshade, (Fig. 3214.)
•V. clacas;nifolium Cav. Icon. 3: 22. pi. 2f}. 1704.
rereniiial, densely and finely stellate-pubes-
cent, silvery-canescent all over; stem branched,
i°-3° high, armed with very slender sharp prick-
les, or these wanting. Leaves lanceolate, ob-
long, or linear, petioled, I '-4' long, 3"-! 2"
wide, mostly obtuse at the apex, narrowed or
rounded at the base, repand-dentate or entire;
flowers cymose, S"-i2" broad, violet or blue;
peduncles short and stout, appearing terminal,
but soon evidently lateral; calyx-lobes lanceo-
late or linear-lanceolate, acute; anthers linear;
ovary white- tonienlose; berries globose, yellow
or darker, smooth and glabrous, 4"-6" in diam-
eter.
On dry plains and prairies, Kansas to Texas and
Arizona. May-Sept.
Honse-Nettle. (Fig. 3213.)
Solanum Carolinense h. Sp. PI. 184. 1753.
Perennial, green, finely stellate-pubescent
with 4-8-rayed hairs; stem erect, branched,
i°-.(° high, the branches, petioles, mid veins
and sometimes the lateral veins of the leaves
armed with straight subulate yellow prickles.
Leaves oblong or ovate, repand, lobed, or pin-
uatifid, 2'-6' long, the lobes obtuse or acutish;
petioles 3"-io" long; flowers cymose-race-
mose, appearing terminal, but really lateral,
as is manifest in fruit; pedicels i"-~" long,
recurved in fruit; calyx-lobes lanceolate,
acuminate, about one-half the length of the
corolla, persistent at the base of the berry;
corolla-lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute; anthers
elongated; berries orange- yellow, smooth and
glabrous, 8"- 10" in diameter.
Ill dry fields and in waste places, soiitliern On-
tario to Connecticut and Ploridi, west to Illinois,
Nebraska and Texas. Called also .\pple of
Sodom. JIay-.Sept.
1.
SOLAXACKAi;.
[Vol.. III.
5. Solanum Torreyi A. Gray.
Torrey's Nightshade. (Fig. .1215.)
S. 'I'oneyi A. Gray, Troc. Am. Acad. 6: H. i,S(i2.
reremiial, hoary with a steUalf put)escence of
S-i2-raye<l hairs, more or less armed with small
subulate priikles. Leaves ovate in outline, 3'-
6' lonj;, sinuJitely s-'-lobed, the lobes entire or
undulate, obtuse; cymes appearing terminal,
soon evidently lateral, branched, loosely several-
flowered; flowers showy, larj.;e; caly.x-lobes
ovate, abruptly long-acuminate, persistent at the
base of the berry; corolla violet, I'-l'j' broad,
its lobes ovale, acute; berry globose, .smooth and
glabroiis, i' or more in diameter, yellow when
ripe.
On dry plains and prairies, Kansas lo 'i'cjas.
6. Solanum rostratum Dunal.
Sand Bur. Beaked Nightshade.
(Fig. :,2i6.)
Solanum loslraliim Dunal, Sol. 23}. pi. J). 1813.
Solanum tieleiandntm I'ursh, l-'l. Am. Sept. 156.
pi. 7. 1S14.
Annual, densely stellate-pubescent with
5-8-rayed hairs, usually copiously armed with
yellow subulate prickles; stem erect, branch-
ed, l°-2}i° high. Leaves ovate or oval in
outline, irregularly pinnately 5-7-lobed or
l-2-pinnatifid, 2'-=,' long, pelioled, the lobes
mostly oblong, obtuse; flowers racemose,
yellow, about i' broad; racemes lateral; pedi-
cels stout, 3"-6" long, erect both in flower
and fruit; calyx densely prickh-, surround-
ing and wholly enclosing the berry, the
prickles becoming as long as the fruit, or
longer; calyx-lobes lanceolate, acuminate;
corolla about i' broad, .slightly irregular, its lobes ovate, acute; stamens and style de-
clined, the lowest .stamen longer with an incurved beak; fruit, including its prickles, i' in
diameter or more.
On prairies, Xtbraska to Texas and Me.\ico. ( )ccasional in waste places as a weed, Ontario to New
Jersey, advenlive from the west. 5Iay-Sept. The original food of the Colorado beetle or potatobuK-
7. Solanum heterodoxum Dunal.
Melon-leaved Nightshad.e. (Fig. 3217.)
Solanum liflrioilotinn Dunal. Sol. 235. />/. Ji.
.Solanum Li/iulli/hliniii liraun, Iiid. Sem. I'ril).
1S13.
* ^3^1%^
Annual, glandular-pubescent, or a few 4-,5-rayed
hairs on the leaves, copiously armed with slender
yelhjw subulate prickles, diffusely branched, l°-3°
high. Leaves irregularly bipinnatifid, resembling
in outline those of the watermelon, 2'-6' long;
racemes lateral, several-flowered; flowers I'-iyi'
broad, violet; stamens and style declined; lowest
anther violet, larger than the four other yellow-
ones; corolla somewhat irregular, its lobes ovate,
acuminate; fruit similar to that of the preceding
•Species.
In dry soil, Kansas (according to Smyth), to Texas,
Mexico and New Mexico. July-Sept.
Vol.. III.]
POTATO FAMILY.
137
8. Solanum Dulcamara L,. Nightshade. Blue Bindweed. Fellomvort.
Bittersweet. (Fig. 3218.)
Sulaniiin Dulcamara I,. ,Sp. PI. 185. 175,^.
rerennial, pubescent with simple hairs or gla-
brate, stem chmbiiig or straggHng, somewhat
woody below, branched, 2°-S° long. IrCaves
petioled, ovate or hastate in outline, l'-\' long,
I'-a'j' wide, acute or acuminate at the apex,
usually slightly cordate at the base, some of
them entire, some with a lobe on one side near
the base, some deeply 3-lobed or 3-divided, with
the terminal segment mucli the largest; cymes
compound, lateral; pedicels slender, articulated
at the base, spreading or drooping; flowers blue,
purple, or white, 5"-7" broad; calyx-lobes sliort,
oblong, obtuse, persistent at the base of the
berry; corolla deeply 5-cleft, its lobes triangular-
lanceolate, acuminate; berry oval or globose, red.
In waste pl.iccs or in nioisl tliickcts, sometimes
apiK-ariuKas if indiKLiioiis. New Hruiiswick to Jlin-
nesota, south to Nuw Jersey. Peinisylvania and
Kansas. llay-Scpl. ( tUl names are Woody Nitfht-
sliade. Poison (lower. Poison- or .Siiakelierry. Nat-
uralized from IJurope. Native also of Asia.
Solanum triquetrum Cav.. a Texan and Mexican nearly (jiabrous lierb, scarcely climbingf, with
somewhat ridged .stems, 3-lobed deltoid cordate or hast.ate leaves, lateral few-flowered cymes and
globose red berries, is reportid from Kansas.
7. LYCOPERSICON Mill. Card. Diet. Ed. 7. 1759.
.Annual, or rarely perennial, coarse branching or feebly climbing herbs, with i-2-pinnately
divided leaves, and lateral irregular raceme-like cymes of small yellowish flowers opposite
the leaves. Calyx 5-parled, or rarely 6-parted, the segments linear or lanceolate. Corolla
rotate, the tube very short, the limb ,s-cleft or rarely 6-cleft, plicate. Stamens 5 1 rarely 6),
inserted on the throat of the corolla; lilaments very short; anthers elongated, connate or
connivent, introrsely longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary 2-3-celletl; .style simple; stigma small,
capitate, lierry in the wild plants globose or pyriform, much modified in cultivation, the calyx
persistent at its base. [( '.reek, wolf-peach.]
About 4 species, natives of South .Vnurica'
1. Lycopersicon Lycopersicon
(L,. )Kar.st. Tomato. Love Apple.
Cherry Tomato. (Fig. 3219. )
Solatium Lvcopei sicuiit I,. Sp. PI. 1S5. 17=;?.
/,. esculenliim Mill. Card. Diet. Ivd. 8. 176.S.
Lycof>ersuum Lycopeisicum Karst. Deutsch.
V\. <.)bC>. 1S80-8J.
Viscid-pubescent, much branched, i°-
3° high, the branches spreading. Leaves
petioled, pinnately divided, 6'-lS' long,
the segments stalked, the larger 7-9, ovate
or ovate-lanceolate, mostly acute, dentate,
lobed or again divided, 2'-\' long, with
several or numerous smaller, sometimes
very small ones interspersed; clusters sev-
eral-fl<.)wered; peduncles i'-3' long; flow-
ers S^'-S" bro.-id; calyx-segment?i about
equalling the corolla; berry the well-
known tomato or love-apple.
Ivseaped from cultivation and occ.isionally
.spontaneous from soulliern New York and
Pennsylvania southward. June-Sept.
8. LYCIUM L. Sp. PI. 191. 1753.
Shrubs, or woody vines, often spiny, with small alternate entire leaves, commonly with
smaller ones fascicled in their axils, and white greenish or purple, axillary or terminal, soli-
'il^
138
SOLANACKAE.
[Vol.. III.
tary or clustered flowers. Calyx caiupanulate, ^-s-lobed or -toothed, not enlarged in fruit,
persistent at the base of the berry. Corolla fiinnelforni, salverforni, or canipanulate, the tube
short or slender, the limb 5-lobed (rarely 4-lobe(l), the lobes obtuse. Stamens 5 ( rarely 4),
exserted, or included; filaments filiform, sometimes dilated at the base; anther sacs longi-
tudinally dehiscent. Ovary 2-celled; style filiform; stigma capitate or a-lobed. Berry glo-
bose, ovoid, or oblong. [Named from the country Lycia.]
.■\bout ",s sj)fcies, widely distributed in temperate aiul warm regions. Besides the following,
introduced from Kurope, some 17 native species occur in tlie western parts of North .Vmerica.
I. Lycium vulgare (Ait. f. ) Duiial. Matrimony Vii Box-thorn. (Fig. 3220.)
Lvchini llarhanim var. Z'u!i;aie .\it. f. Ilort. Kew. Ud.
2, 2: 3. iSir.
Lycium vuli^ai 'anal in DC. I'rodr. 13: Part i, 509. 1S52.
Glabrous, .spiny or unarmed; stems slender, climb-
ing or trailing, branched, 6°-25° long, the branches
somewhat angled, the .spines, when present, slender,
about yi' long. Leaves lanceolate, oblong, or spatu-
late, acute or obtuse at the apex, narrowed into .short
petioles, firm, li'-iYi' long, 2"-^," wide; flowers
2-5 together in the axils, or solitary; peduncles fdi-
form, .spreading, 6"-l2" long; calyx-lobes ovate,
acute, or obtuse, I ]i" long; corolla funnelform, pur-
plish changing to greenish, 4"-6" broad, its lobes
ovate-oldong; stamens slightlj* exserted; berry oval,
orange-red.
In thickets and waste places, cscape<l from Katdens,
Ontario to Virginia, west to Minmsota and Kansas.
Introduced from lUirope. May-.\ug.
9. HYOSCYAMUS L. Sp. PI. 179. 175,^ .
ICrect coarse viscid-pnbescent narcotic annual biennial or perennial herbs, with alternate
mostly lobed or pinnatilid leaves, and large nearly regular flowers, the lower .solitary in the
axils, the upper in a more or less l-sided spike or raceme. Calj-x urn-shaped or narrowly
canipanulate, 5-cleft, striate, enlarged and enclosing the capsule in fruit. Corolla funnel-
form, the lind} somewhat oblique, 5-cleft, the lobes more or less niie(|nal, spreading. Stamens
declined, mo.stly exserted; filaments fdiform; anthers oblong or ovate, their .sacs longitudi-
nally dehiscent. Ovary 2-celled; style slender; stigtna capitate. Capsule 2-celled, circuni-
seissile above the middle, [(ireek, hog-bean.]
About 1,5 species, natives of the Mediter-
ranean region.
I. Hyoscyamus niger \^. Black
Henbane. Hog's-bean.
(Fig. 3221.)
Hyoscyamus iiiger I„ Sp. I'l. 179. 1753.
Annual or biennial, villous and viscid,
of an ill odor; stem stout, i°-2,'2'° high.
Leaves ovate, lanceolate, or oblong in out-
line, 3'-7' long, acute or acuminate at the
apex, sessile, or the upper clasping the
stem, irregularly lobed, cleft or pinnatilid;
flowers very short-pedicelled, i'-2' broad;
calyx-lobes triangular-ovate, acute; corolla
greenish-yellow, strongly reticulated with
purple veins, its lobes ovate, obtusish;
capsule globose-oblong, about 5" high.
In wa,ste places. Nova Scotia to Ontario,
New York and Michigan. Naturalized fnjin
Europe. Called also Fetid Nightshade, lu-
sane-root, Belene, Chenile. June-Sept.
iir.
Vol,. III.]
POTATO FAMILY.
'39
10. DATURA h. Sp. PI. 179.
I753.
Annnal or perennial erect tall bram-liiiij,' ii.ircotic herbs, some tropical species .shrubs or
trees, with alternate petioleil entire sinuate-dentate or lobeil leaves, and larjje s:)litary erect
short-iieduncled white purple or violet flowers. Calyx elongated-tubular or prismatic, its
apex .s-deft or spatlie-like, in tlie following species circuinscissle near the base which is per-
.sistent and subtends the ^jlolKwe cvoid prickly capsule. Corolla futinelform, the limb
plaited, .s-lobed, the lobes broad, .icnniinate. Stanicfis iTuluded or little exserteil; fdanients
fdiform, very Iouk, inserted at or below tlie midille of the corolla-tube. Ovarv 2-celled, or
falsely .(-celled; style filiform; stigma slightly 2-lobed. Capsule 4-valved fron'i the top, or
bursting irregularly. [Tlie Hindoo name, dhatura.]
About 12 species, of widt KeoKrapliic distribution. The followin),^ art- introduced weeds.
Glabrous or very sparingly pulicsccnt; leaves lobrd, calyx prismatic.
.Stfin Krecii; flowers white: lower prickles of the fruit shorter. i. /). Shamniihim.
Stem ))urplf; flowers lavender or violet; prickks about e(|ual. 2 /) '/'alula
Finely If hnulular-pubcscent; leaves entire; calyx tubular. •;. 1). Mclcl.
I. Datura Stramonium L. Stramonium. Jame.stown or Jimsoti-weed.
Thorn- Apple. (Fig. 3222.)
Ihjiiira SI ra mo II ill III I,. Sp. PI. 179. 175^
Annual, glabrous or the young parts spar-
ingly pubescent; stem green, stout, I°-5°
high. Leaves thin, ovale in outline, acute
or acuminate at the apex, mostly narrowed
at the base, ;/-S' long, irregularly sinuate-
lobed, the lobes acute; petioles i'-4' long;
flowers white, about 4' high, the limb iK'-
2' broad; calyx prismatic, less than one-half
the length of the corolla; capsule ovoid,
densely prickly, about 2' high, the lower
prickles commonly sliorter than the upper.
In fields and waste places, Nova Scotia to
Florida, west to Minnesota and Texas. Natur-
alized from tropical reRions, iimbably from
Asia. June-.Sept. Called also Fire-weed, and
IJewtry.
2. Datura Tatula L. Purple Thorn-
Apple. Purple Stramonium.
(Fig. 3223.)
Ihiltira Taliila I,. Sp. PI. VA. 2, 256. 1762.
Similar to the preceding species but us-
ually a little more pubescent; stem com-
monly more .slender, i°-5° high, purple;
leaves almo.st like those of /-). Slraiiioniiiiu,
but rather darker green or with a tinge of
purple; flowers about 4' high, the limb
about 2' broad, lavender colored or viokt, or
the tube nearly white; capsule densely
prickly, all the longer prickles about equal.
In fields and waste places, Ontario to Min-
nesota, south to southern New York, Florida
and Texas. Naturalized from tropical America.
May-Sept.
mm
■I .
SOLANACI'AK. [Vol. III.
-^V^ 3. Datura Metel I,. Ijitire-leaved
(^'■' \. Thorn-Apple. (Kig. 3224.)
V
naliira Melel I,. Sp. V\. 179. 17.S.V
Annual, densely niul finely },'lan(lular-pu-
best-ent; stem stout, much branclied, 4°-.S''
liij,'li. Leaves broadly ovate, acute at tlie
apex, ine<iuilateral, roumled or subcordale at
the base, 4'-io' lonfj, entire or merely undu-
late; petioles l'-,^' lon^; flowers wliite, 6'-7'
hij;h, the liml) 3' 4' liroad; calyx tulndar,
about one-half as long as the corolla; capsule
Hlobose or ovoid-globose, obtuse, prickly and
pubescent, I'-l^i' in diameter.
Ii\ waste places, escaped from Kardcns, Rhode
Island to I'lorida. Native uf troi)ical America.
July Sept.
II. NICOTIANA L. Sp. PI. iSo.
'/Jo-
Annual or perennial viscid-pubescent acrid narcotic herbs or shrubs, with large alternate
entire or slightly undulate leaves, and rather large white yellow greenish or purplish flowers,
in terminal, often bracted, racemes or panicles. Calyx tubular-campanulate or ovoid, 5-cleft.
Corolla funnelform, salverfonn, or nearly tubular, the tube usually longer than the limb,
5-lobed, the lobes spreading. Stamens 5, inserted on the tube of the corolla; fdaments fili-
form; anthers ovate or oblong, their sacs longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary 2 celled (rarely 4-
celled); style .slender; .stigma capitate. Capsule 2-valved, or sometimes 4-valved at the sum-
mit. Seeds very numerous, small. [Named for John Nicot, French ambassador to Portugal,
vho sent some species to Catherine de ^ledici, about 1560.]
.\bout 50 species, mostly natives of America.
the southern and western I'tiiled States.
Besides the following, some 10 others occur in
Corolla i' long:, the tube cylindric; caly.x lobes triaiiRular.
Corolla 4' -6' long, the tube very slender; calyx-lohes linear.
I. Nicotiana rustica I,. Wild
Tobacco. (Fig. 3225.)
Nicotiana luslica L. Sp. I'l. iSo. 1753,
Annual; stem rather .slender, 2°-4° high.
Leaves broadly ovate, thin, entire, slen-
der-petioled, 2'-8' long, i'-6' wide; peti-
oles ^i'syi' long; flowers greenish-yel-
low, about 1' long, panicled; petlicels
3"-6'" long, rather stout; calyx lobes
broadly triangular, acute, shorter than
the tube; corolla-tube cylindric, some-
what enlarged above, the lobes short, ob-
tuse, slightly spreading; capsule globose,
glabrous, about 5" in diameter, 2-valved,
longer than the calyx.
In fields and waste places, escaped from
gardens,Untarioto Minnesota, south to south-
em New York and Florida. Cultivated by
the Indians. Leaves greenish when dry.
June-Sept.
A'.
.y.
nislica.
longijlora.
!
Vol. hi.]
POTATO FAMILY.
141
}V
3. Nicotiana longifldra Cav. Long- flowered Tol)acco. (Fig. 3226.)
A'ki'/idiia /('iigij/ora Cav. Dtscr. I'l. ii 6. i8o2.
Annual, minutely rougli-puberulent and viscid;
stem erect, slender, branched, i}4°-^° liigh. Hasal
leaves ovate-lanceolate (or broadly oblanceolate), ob-
tuse, f)'-i()' long, I'-y wide, tapering into slender
winged petioles; stem leaves linear or lanceolate, ses-
sile, 2'-4' long; flowers in terminal racemes, short-pedi-
celled, 4'-6' long; calyx oblong, pubescent, its narrow-
lobes nearly as long as the tube; corolla white or pur-
plish, viscid, the tube slender, i"-i^'i" in diameter,
expanding above, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute;
capsule oblong, about ei|ualling the calyx-lobej.
Near Harrisburtf and l^aston, I'a. Hscaped from gar-
dens. Native (if SduiIi AiuiTica. Aug.-(»ct.
12. PETUNIA Jiiss. Ann. Miis. Paris, 2:
215. />/. 77. 180.V
X'iscid-pubescent annual or perennial brandling
herbs, with entire leaves, and axillary ortermiual soli-
tary white violet or purple flowers (in cultivation sometimes variegated 1. Calyx deeply
5-cleft or 5 parted, the segments narrow. Corolla funnelform or salverform, the limb
plicate, spreading, slightly irregular. .Stamens 5, inserted on the throat of the corolla, 4 of
them didynamous, perfect, the fifth smaller or obsolete; filaments slender; anthers ovoid, 2-
lobed. Disk fleshy. Ovary 2-celled; ovules numerous in each cavity; style filiform; stigma
2-laniellate. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved, the valves entire. Seeds small, the testa rugose.
[Pftiiii, an Indian name of tobacco.]
About 12 siiecies, natives of South America.
Corolla white, its tube eylindric. i. /'. aril/aris.
Corolla violet-purple, its tube campanulatc. 2. /'. violacea.
1. Petunia axillaris (Lam.) B.S. P. White Petunia. (Fig. 3227.)
.Vito/iaiia ax illai is Lam. Kncycl. 4: 4811. 1797.
Pelunia nyclaniniflora Juss. Ann. Mus. Paris, 2: 215. pi.
17. f. J. 1S03.
I'clunia axillaris li.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 38. 1888,
Very viscid; stem stout, about 1° high. Leaves ovate
toobovate, obtuse or blunt- pointed at the apex, sessile,
or the lower narrowed into short margined petioles, 3'-
4' long, I '-2' wide; peduncles slender, 2'-4'long, often
longer than the leaves; calyx-segments linear-oblong,
obtuse; corolla white, its tube eylindric, slightly en-
larged above, l'-l|4' long, 3-4 times as long as the
calyx, its limb abruptly spreading, about 2' broad, the
lobes rounded.
In waste places, escaped from gardens, southern New
York and Pennsylvania. Native of southern Brazil. July-
•Sept.
2. Petunia violacea Lindl. Violet
Petunia. (Fig. .^228.)
Petunia violacea I.indl. Dot. Reg. pi. 1626. 1833.
Similar to the preceding species, but usually
rather lower, and the stem slender. Leaves
ovate orobovate, all but the uppermo.stpetioled,
mostly obtuse, i'-2'2' long; peduncles slender,
l'-2' long; calyx-segments linear, subacute, or
obtuse; corolla violet-purple, its tube campanu-
late, 9"-i5" long, the limb le.ss abruptly .spread-
ing, I'-iyi' broad, the lobes subacute.
In waste places, escaped from gardens, southern
New York and Pennsylvania. Native of southern
Bra;2il and Paraguay, June-Sept.
Petunia parviflora Juss., a prostrate pubescent an-
nual, with small linear to spatulate leaves, and a
funneU'orm corolla 4"-5" long, is abundant on bal-
last about the eastern seaports.
Ma
Family 27.
SCROrilUI.ARIACHAK.
[Vot. III.
1826.
2. i'f HI fill hi I ill.
J'laliiii'i'lfs,
I.! Hill ill.
Aiilii liiiiiinii.
SCROPHULARIACEAE I.iiull. Nat. Syst. lul. 2, 288
I'li'.WdKT I'AMll.V.
Herbs, shrubs or trees, with opposite or alternate cxslipulate leaves, and
perfect mostly complete and irregular flowers (corolla wanting in one species of
Svnt/iyris). Calyx inferior, persistent, 4-5-toothed, -cleft, or -divided, or some-
times split on tile lower side, or on botli sides, the lobes or segments valvate,
imbricate or distinct in the bud. Corolla ganiopetalous, the limb 2-lipped, or
nearly regular. Stamens 2, 4 or 5, didynanious, or nearly ecjual, inserted on the
corolla and alternate with its lobes; anthers 2-celled, the sacs equal, or unequal,
or sometimes conllnent into one. Disk present or obsolete. Pistil i, entire or
2-lobed; ovary superior, 2-celled, or rarely i-celled; ovules mostly numerous,
rarely few, anatropous or amphitropous, borne on axile placentae; .style slender,
.simple; stigma entire, 2-h)bed or 2-lamellate. Fruit mostly capsular and sepli-
cidally or loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds mostly numerous, the testa reticulated,
pitted, striate, ribl)etl, or nearly smooth; endosperm fleshy; embryo small,
straight or sligiitly cur\ed; cotyledotis little broader than the radicle.
About Kii ijeiicra iincl 230 ) spi'cifs, widely (listril>iitc(l, most alxiiuliint in ttinpfriite letfioiis.
I. Anther-bearing st.tmens 5 ; corolla rotate ; leaves alternate. i. I'eiluisciim.
3. Anther-bearing stamens 2 or 4 ; leaves opposite, verticillate or alternate.
-::- Corolla spurred, saccate or gibbous on the lower side at the base.
Corolla spurred at the base.
I.cave.s ))aluialily ,^-5 viiiicd.
Leaves pitinately veined.
Flnwers solitary in the .ixils. t,.
Flowers in terminal racemes. .\.
Corolla saccate or gibbous at tin- base. 5
V: X- Corolla neither spurred, saccate nor gibbous on the lower side.
t Aniliii hiariiii; slaiiii'iis /, llie fi/lli sleiilc or > iiiiiiiwiilniv.
Sterile .stamen a seale adnate to the nppi r side of the corolla. G. Scroftlnilaria.
Sterile stamen elongated, longer or shorter the than others.
Corolla tubular, 2 lii)ped, the lobes of the lower lip flat.
Sterile stamen shorter than the others; seeds wiuRed, 7. Cheloiie.
Sterile stamen about equalling the others; seeds wingless. S. Peiilslemon.
Corolla 2-cleft, declined; middle lobe of the lower lip conduplieate. 9. Collinsia.
I t Slaniens ./, all aiillierbcarinff, or j slerilr, in- j oiilv.
a. .Stamens 4, all anther bearing; large .\siatie tree. 10. Paiilouiiia.
b. .''>tamens4, all anther-bearing; herbs; corollas lii)ped; st.imens not enclosed in upper lip of corolla
C.aly.x prismatic, 5 angled. 5 toothed. 11. Miniuliis.
Calyx 5 patted, not prismatic.
Calyx-segments t(|ual; leaves pinnatifid in our species. !_>. Coiiobea.
Calyx segments unecjual, the upper one the largest. \\. JfunHieia.
C. .Stamens 4, 2 anther bearing and 2 sterile, or 2 only; corolla obviously 2 li)>ped.
Calyx ,5 parted; uppir lip of corolla present.
Sterile fdanients short or none. 14.
.Sterile filaments slender, 2 lobed. i.S.
Calyx 4-tootlied; upper lip of corolla obsolete; low mud plant. H).
d. Stamens 4, all anther- bearing; corolla nearly regular; flowers on ; capes. 17.
e. Stamens 2 only; corolla rotate, salverform, tubular, or none.
Leaves alternate; (lowers spicate; corolla 2- y lobed or none. iS. H'til/enia
Leaves, at least the lower, opposite or verticillate; corolla 4-lobed.
Corolla rotate; capsule obcordale or cniarginate, compressed. ig.
Corolla tubular funnelform; capsule ovoid, not compressed. 20.
f. Stamens 4, all anther-bearing; corolla canipanul.ite, salverform or funnelform, scarcely 2-lipped.
Leaves alternate; flowers in 1 sided racemes. 21. /'i_i;i/ii/is.
Leaves, at least the lower, opposite.
Corolla salverform; (lowers in a long spike. 22. Ilitchnera.
Corolla campanulate or funnelform.
Stamens nearly etpi.-il; calyx-lobes as long as the tube. 2.?. Af:elia.
Stamens strongly didynanious, nne(|ual; caly.x-teetli shorter than the tui)e.
Anthers awned .It the b.i.se ; corolla yellow. 24. Dasysloiiia.
Anthers awnless; corolla purple, |>ink or rarely white. 25. Ocnirdia.
g. .Stamens 4, all anther-bearing, ascending under the upper lip of the corolla.
Ovules several or numenms; capsule many-.seeded.
Anther-sacs dissimilar, the inner one pendulous by its ap.x; leaves mostly alternate.
I'pper lip of the corolla much longer than the lower. 26. Castilleja.
Upper lip of the corolla scarcely longer than the lower. 27. Ortliocarftiis.
Anther-sacs similar and pa diel; leaves mostly opposite.
Calyx 2-bracteolate at " base, 5-tootlied. 2S. Schualbca.
Calyx not bracteolate, . -,-,-tootlied, or cleft or split.
Upper lip of the corolla 2-lobed, its margins recurved; calyx 4-cleft. 29. Euphrasia.
Margins of the upper lip of the corolla not recurved.
Calyx scarcely or not .it all inflated in fruit; galea entire.
Calyx 4-toothed or 4-cleft; capsule straight.
Seeds spreading, numerous. 30. Barlsia.
Graliola.
Ilvsaiillirs.
Mil riiiillumiiHi.
LimoscUa.
Veronica.
I.epiandra.
Vot. III.]
riGWORT FAMILY.
«43
Seeds pendiiluuN, few.
Calyx split mi the lower side oi on both sidi s; capsule (il)li(|iu
Calyx <ivoi(l, imieh inllated and veiny in frnil.
Ovttles only l or 2 in each cell of the ovary; capsule i- ( seeiled; leaves opposite.
31. Oiioiililes.
. (2. I'lUlli Uhll if.
,!,!■ h'hiiiitiillius.
,V|. Aftiiini/iji urn.
X. VERBASCUM L. Sp. PI. 177. 1753.
nietiiiial or rarely perennial, tnn.slly tall and erect herbs, with alternntc dentate j)innnti-
fid or entire leaves, anil rather lar^e yellow iniri)le red or white flowers, in terminal spikes,
racemes or panicles. Calyx deeply s-cleft or .s- parted. Corolla flat-rotate or slightly con-
cave, .s-lohed, the lobes a little uiiccjual, the upjier exterior, at least in the bud, Statiiens 5,
inserte<l on the base of the corolla, une(|unl, all anther-bearing; fdanients of the .^ upper
stamens, or of all 5, pilose; anther-.sacs confluent into one. Ovules numerous; style dilated
and flattened at the summit. Capside globose to oblong, septicidally 2-valved, many-seeded,
the valves usually j-cleft at the apex. Seeds rugose, not winged. [The Latin name of the
great mulleii; used by I'litiy.]
.\liout 125 spicies, natives uf the did World. liesides the following, another is naturalized in
the western I'liited States.
Plants densely woolly; flowers in dense ti rtninal spikes, or spike like racemes.
Leaves stroiiKly decurreiit on the stem. i.
Leaves not decurrent, or but slightly so. 2.
Leaves whiletotnetitose litneath; lloweis in larjje terminal panicles, 3.
riant glabrous or .si)arinKl) glandular; (lowers racemose. .).
'fliaftiiis.
ftlilnDiiiules.
/.li/iiii/is.
liliillaiia.
I. Verbascum Thapsus Iv. Great Mullen. Velvet or Mullen Dock. (Fig. 3229.)
I'eibasnim 'J'liiif>SH^ L. Sp. I'l. 177, 17,^3.
Ivrect, stout, simple or with .some erect
branches, densely woolly nil over with branched
hairs; stem 2 '--" high, wing-angled by the bases
of tlie decurrent leaves. Leaves oblong, thick,
acute, narrowed at the base, dentate or den-
ticulate, .j'- 12' long, the basal ones borne on mar-
gined petioles; flowers yellow, iS" 12" broad,
sessile, numerous in dense clongatetl spikes
rarely branched above: stamens uucijual, the
three upper shorter with while hairy lilaments
and short anthers, the two lower glabrous or
nearly so with larger anthers; capside alxuit 3"
high, slightly longer than the woolly calyx.
In fields and w.-isle places. Nova .Scotia to Minne-
sota, I'Moridaand Kans.is. Often a troublesome weed.
Naturalized from ICurope. N.itive also of Asia.
Anuing some |o Lnijlish names are Hedge , Hig or
High taper, Candlewick, Cow's Lungwort, .Aaron's-
rod or -llannel, l'"eltwort. Hare'sbiard, Jacob's-,
Jupiter's- or Peter's stalT, Ice leaf. Torches, I'lannel-
or Ulanket leaf, Woolen, /. c, -Mullen. June Sept.
2. Verbascum phlomoides L.
Clasping-leaved Mullen. (Fig. 3?30.')
I'ethascHiii f>hlomoulfs I,. Sp. PI. i lo.(. 1733.
Stem rather .stout, usually simple, i''-4°
high. Leaves oblong to ovate-lanceolate,
crenate, crenulate, or entire, woolly-tomeii-
tose on both sides, ses.sile or .somewluit
("laspitig, or slightly decurrent on the stem,
or the lower often petioled with truncate
or subcordate bases; flowers yellow, or
cream-color, i' broad or more, usually in a
solitary elongated touientose spike-like ra-
ceme; pedicels clustered, shorter than the
calyx; stamens as in I'. 'J'/utpsiis ; capsule
4"-5'' long.exceeding the tomentose calyx.
Kastern Massachusetts. Adventive or fugi-
tive from Kurope or eastern Asia. June-Aug.
SCROl'MULARIACKAIC.
[Vol, III.
3. Vcrbascum Lychnitis L. White
Mullen. (Imk. .i,2T,i. )
I'lihituiim l.Mhiiilis I,, Sp. ri, \--. X'SS-
Slcin aiij^lcil, nitluT stout, piiiiii'uliiti'ly hraiK-licd
ulxivf, 2"-4!i" liiKli, ili'iist'ly i-ovrrcd, as well as
the lower surliui'sof tin- li'avi's, witli a wliiti' caiii's-
, rent nearly sti-llato pulifsi'ciuo. I.cavi's ohloii^',
;/ ovati- or ol)loi)({-laiu'i-olate, I'ri-nati'-di'iitatc, a' 7'
/ loll),', tlic iippi-r ai'iiti', si'ssilf, l)ut not ilciiirrfiil 011
y till- stem, the lower ohtuse or ai'ute at tlie apex ami
' iinrrowcii intoliiarf,'iiK'(l ])etioli's; flowers in a larv;^
tcrtninal panicle, raeetnosu on its brandies, white
or iTcani-color, 5" 6" hroad, nearly sessile; pilose
hairs of the .^ shorter fdatncnts while; capsule
about -'" hixh, eijualliuK or exctedinj; the calyx.
Ill fulds aiul wiisli- places, ( (iitarii) U> New Jersey and
rciiiisylvaiiia. Kepc)rle<l rrcnii Katisiis. Nalurali/id
fiiitii I'liiropc. Native alsci of A-ia. Juiu Sept. II.h
down once used for liglitinif, hence /.u/nii/is, lamp.
4. Verbascum Blatt^ria I«. Muth
Mullen. (FiR. .^2;,2.)
I'ciliiiuiiiii i:ltillan\i I,. ,Sp. I'l. 178. I7,si.
Stem erect, .strict, sleiuler, terete, jjlahrous or
sparinj^ly gland'.ilar-puhescent, usually (|uite sim-
ple, 2" 6° hi)»h. Leaves oblong;, ovate or lan-
ceolate, dentate, laciniate, or pimiatilid, acute or
acuminate, the upper 'j'-2j4' h>"Ki truncate or
cordateclaspinj; at the ba.se, the lower and basal
ones sessile or somewhat petioled, soinetitnes i"
long, seldom present at flowering time; raceme
I°-2° long, loose; pedicels spreading, }i'-\' long,
bracted at llie base; corolla yellow or white, about
l' broad, with brown marks on the back; fdanient.s
all jjilose with violet hairs; 'lapsule <le])re.ssed-glo-
bose, y in diameter, longer than the calyx.
In fields anil waste places, nuthee to I'lorida, west
to Minnesota and Kansas. Natural'/cd from lC\iriipu.
Native also of Asia. June-Nov. Said to repel the
cockroach illlalla), wluiice the name lllnlliti ia .• frequented by moths, hence Moth Mullen.
2. CYMBALARIA Medic. Phil. Bot. 2:
70.
1791.
Perennial creeping or .spreading herbs, with long-petioled, mostly lobed, palmately veined
leaves, and solitary a.xillary white to violet llowers. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla irregular, 2-
lippeil, short-spurred; upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip ;,-lobed; throat nearly or cpiite closed by
the palate. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending, included, the filaments lilil'orni. Style very
slender. Capsule dehiscent by 2 terminal 3-tootlied pores. Seeds numerous, small, [h'rom
the dreek for cymbal.]
About 9 species, natives of the Old World.
I. Cymbalaria Cymbalaria (L.) Wettst.
Kenihvorth or Coli.seuni Ivy. (Fig. 2,"v^3.)
Aiilii rliiiniiii Cymhala) ia I,. Sp. I'l. (112. I7,S.V
Liiiai ia Cymbalaria Mill. Card. Did. i;d. S, no. 17. 1768.
cymbalaria Cymbalaria Wettst. in ICngl. ft: I'rantl. Nat.
I'd. I'am. 4:'Abt. 3b, 5S. 1S91.
I'erennial, glabrous; .stem trailing, branched, often
rooting at the nodes, 3' 12' long. ],eavesslender-peti-
oled, reniforui-orbicular, palmately ,3-5-veiiicd, 3-5-
lobed, ,'4'-!'' in diameter, the lobes broad and obtuse;
petioles usually as long as the blade; flowers axillary,
solitary, blue or lilac, 4"-=," long; peduncles slender,
recurved, shorter than the petioles; calyx-segments
lanceolate, acute; palate yellowish; capsule globose,
several-seeded; seeds rugose, wingless.
Waste places and roadsides, adventive from Uurope,New
York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, .and in seaport ballast.
Other Rnglish names are Ivy-leaved Toadflax, Ivy-weed,
Climbing or Roving Sailor, .\aron's-beard, Wandering Jew,
Mother-of-tljousands,Oxford-weed, Pennywort. June-Aug.
Vol.. III.]
I'lOWORT I'AMIIA',
'45
1708.
. Nat.
3. ELATINOIDES \\\n>u in I'li^l. .V I'rantl, \at. I'll. F.im. 4: Aht. p,h,
.SH. iSyi.
I I'li.xTiNi', Mopiu'll, Mi'tli. SJ). i;i)). N'"t '.• '"r^l
Mi)stly aiiiiiial sprciiiliii^; or I'mpiiiiL; licrli>-, willi pimialely vuiticil, .sliort-pfliok'il ciilire
toolhi'il or lolifd leaves, and solitary axillary while yellow or viifienated (lowirn. Calyx
.S-partccl. Corolla irregular, spurred, ^dipped, llie throat i losed hy the p.il.ite. Stniiiciis .(,
didynaiiiotH, incduled; tilaineiitH liliforin. Capsule siih^loliosr, or ov<iiil. opvtiin^ l>y i or 2
tfriniiial hlits, pores, or valves. .Seeds mmierous, ovoid, mostly roiijjh or tubenled. [Creek,
resemliliiin /■'Jiiliin\'\
Almiit JS spi Ties, natives of the Kid Worlil.
I.eavi"* (iv.ili mhicular, cordate or romultd .it llii Ij.ise. i. f'. sfitin'tt.
I.e.ives lia-.t,ite. j. A". I'.laliiii:
1. Elatinoidts spuria ( L.) Weltst. Koiiiul-kavcd Timd-l'l.ix. (Fi>j. 3234.)
Aiilii rliiiiiim ^f^iininn I, S|i. I'l 'ii ( l7St-
/.Diiiiiii \/>iiiiii Mill ("■ ird |)i(t I'M s, im. ji^. i^ds,
J-:i,tlniiiiilrs \/>ii)i,i Wetlst, in ICiikI. «; I'rantl, Nat. I'll.
I'ain 4: Aht. (h. si. ii'ii.
.\iinnal, pubeseeiit all over; stems prostrate, braiicli-
cd or sitn|)le, ,V-J° lo"K' Leaves shortpctioled,
ovale-orhicnlar, entire, or sonietinies dentate, iiiii-
cronulate at the apex, cordate or ronndeil at the base,
'4'- 1 ' in diameter; petioles i"-2" long; flowers soli-
tary in the axils, small; pednncles filiform, very
pnbesoent, oAen mnch longer than the leaves; calyx-
sc^ments ovate, aeute at the apex, cordate or ronnded
at the base, onedialf as lon^ as the corolla; corolla
yellowish with a purple upper lip, the spur curved,
about as Unm as the tube; capsule sid)>;l<)bosc, shorter
th.in the calyx; seeds rugose, not win^jcd.
Ill waste places and ballast, soutlierii New York to
Norlli Ciirolina. .Adventive from ICurope. This and the
nixt called also Cancerworl and Kcmale I'lucUin. Juiie-
Sc|)t.
2. Elatinoides Elatine(L. ) Wettst. vSharp-
poiiUed Fliielliii or Toad- I'lax. ( I-'ig. 3235. )
All /in /linn III /C/a/inr I,. Sii. PI. 613. I7.S.5.
J.iiuuia EUitina .Mill. Card Hid. VA. S. iio. 16. i7(iH.
I'.ltiliiioide^ l-:iatiur Wrttst. in IviikI. iS: I'rantl, Nat. I'll.
I'ani. 4: .\l)t. ,^1) si i.ii^i.
Annual, pubi:,cent; stems prostrate, usually
branched, slender, 6'- 2° lou),'. Leaves short-peli-
oleil. ovate, 'i'-i' lonj;, acute or acutish at the apex,
triangular, hastate, truncate, or subcordate at the
b.ise, the basal auricles diverj.;eut, acute; petioles 1 "-
y Umn; flowers solitary in the axils, about .^" louf;;
peduncles filiform, glabrous, or somewhat hairy, usu-
ally longer than the leaves; calyx-segments narrow-
ly lanceolate, acute; corolla yellowish, purplish be-
neath, its spur slender, straight, declined; capsule
subglobose, shorter than the calyx; seeds wingless.
In sandy waste places, Canadi; New York to North
Carolina. Naturalized from I'Uimpe. Native also of .\sia.
4. LIN ARIA Jtiss. Gen. PI. 120. 1789.
Herbs, some exotic species shrubby, with alternate enti.e dcntite or lobed leaves, or the
lower and those of sterile shoots opposite or verticillate, .ind yellow white blue purple or
variegated flowers, in terminal bracted racemes or spikes. Calyx 5-parted, the segments
imbricated. Corolla irregular, spurreil at the ba-c. or the spur rarely obsolete, 2-lipped, the
upper lip erect, 2-loIx!d, covering the lower in the bnd, the lower spreading, 3 lobed, its base
produced into a palate often nearly closing the throat. Stamens 4, didyn.imous, ascending,
included; fdamcnts and style fdiform. Capsule ovoid or globose, opening by I or more
mostly 3-toothcd pores or slits below the summit. Seeds numerous, wingless or winged,
angled or rugose. [Latin, liniiin, flax, which some species resemble.]
About 150 species, of wide KcoKraphic distribution, most abundant in the Old World. Besides
the foUowintf. another occurs in southern Florida. The corolla, especially the tcrniiual one of the
raceme, occasionally has 5 spurs and is regularly 5-lobed, and is then said to be in the I'eloria state.
10
Called also C inkcrroot. June .Sept.
146
SCROrHlLARIACKAU,
[Vol,. III.
Flowers ytUow. S"-i,s" Utna.
Iamvcs linear; flowt-rs 12" 15" long; sccils winpcd.
l.viivts laiKcotntf; llowi-rs S" Ui" lonn; sitils wiiiKlfSS.
I'lowtrs l)liu- to wliiti', ,V'" " lo'iK-
Spur of corolla lilirorni, curved; native s]Hcii«.
Spur of corolla short, conic; I^iiropcan advcutivc species.
1. /. /.ilia rill.
2. L. ,^r>n.\htifo!iii.
\ /.. ( 'aiituinifis.
^
I. Linaria Linaria (L.) K:\vs\.. Ranstcad.
Biitter-ancl-IvRK^- Vellow Toad-Flax.
( Fig. 3236. )
Aiilh I liiiiiiDi l.hiaiia I,. Sp. IM. u\u. 1753.
I.iiiaiia tiilgiiris Jlill. Card. I>ict. ICd. S. no. i. 1768.
l.iiiiiiiti l.inaiiii Karsl. Dcutscli. I'l. 11)7. isSo-S;.
Perennial !>)• short rootstocks, pale >;reen and
slif;l)tly );lancons; stems slender, erect, very leal y, j^la-
brous, or sparingly glandidar-pubi-scent above, siin])lc
or with few erect branches, r^-,',° lii^h. Leaves linear,
sessile, entire, acntc at both ends, mostly aUcrnatc,
'I'-i'/i' Ion},', }"-l)i" wide; (lowers densely race-
mose, lij;ht yellow, I'-i '4' '""K- *''*^ spur of tlic erect
corolla soMewhat darker, the palate oranj;c-colorcil;
pedicels 2" -4" lonj;, nearly erect; calyx-sc};ments ob-
long, acutish, about I'i" long; spur subulate, nearly
as long as the body of the corolla; middle lobe of the
lower lip shorter than the other two; capsnle ovoid,
the seeds rngose, winged.
III liilds and wasti' places, Nova Scotia to XIanitoh.i,
soiitli to Virginia and .Neliiaska. Naturalized Iroin ICu
rope. Native also of .\sia. June Oct. Called also liride-
weed, I'Maxweed. and IlBKsand liacon. Widely di>tributcd
in teniiierate regions as a weed.
2. Linaria genistaefolia (L.) Mill. Broom-
leaved Toad-Flax. (Fig. 3237.)
Anlirihiinini geiiitlaifi<h'iiiii I.. Sp. PI. ()i6. 1753
Linaria gcnislarj'i<lia ilill. ('.ar<l. Diet. VA. S, no. 1 ). 176S,
Similar to the preceding species but more glancous
and usually paniculately branched; stem rather stout,
l°-3° high; leaves lanceolate, sessile, l'-3'.<' long,
2"-i>" wide, acute or acuminate at the apex; (lowers
yellow, loosely racemose, 8" 10" long; pedicels short;
spur of the corolla nearly as long as the tube; capsule
ovoid; seeds wingless.
Spariajtly established on the northern part of New York
Island; station now nearly or <|uite obliterated. Natural-
ized or adventive from continental Europe. Jutie-.\UK.
3. Linaria Canadensis (I,.) Dntnoiit.
Hltie or Wild Toad-Flax. (.Fig. 3238. )
Aiilir) hiiiiini Caiiaiiiii^r I.. Sp. I'l. MS. 17.S.V
A/Hi;/7a ("ilHrt(/('/i;'.v Duiiiont, Hot. Cult. 2:i|ii. 1S02.
liiennial or annual, glabrous, green, sometimes
fleshy; flowering steins erect or ascending, very
slender, simple, or branched, 4'-2,'j° higli, the
sterile shoots spreading or procumbent, very
leafy. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, 4"-i5"
long, l'2"-i" wide, entire, sessile, those of the
sterile shoots, or some of them, usually opposite;
(lovers 3"-4" long, in slender long racemes;
pedicels 2"-3" long, erect and appressed in fruit,
ui'iiutely bracted at the base; calyx-.scgments
lanceolate, acute, or acuminate, about as long as
the capsule; spur of the corolla filiform, curved,
as long as the tube or longer; palate a white
convex a-ridged projection; capsule opening by 2
apical valves, each valve becoming 3-toollied;
seeds angled, wingless.
In dry soil, Nova Scotia to Florida, west to Minnesota,'()reKon, Texas and California. Also in
Central and South America. .\ dwarf form with no coroUa'.is freiiuent. May-Sept.
Vol,. III.]
I'IGWORT FAMILY.
147
4. Linaria repens {h.) Mill. Pale-
blue Toad-Flax. (I'ig. 3239.)
Aiilinhinum rff>fi)s I,. Sp. PI. 614, i7,s.i.
Linaria repens Mill. I'.aril. Diet. ICd. S.
no. 6. 1 70S.
Linaria striata DC. Kl. France, 3: ,iS6.
C'.labrous, perennial by a horizontal
or creeping rootstock; stem erect, or
the base decuinbcnt, S'-^o' \n\^\\, iisn-
ally branched, the branches slender.
T^eaves linear, entire, short-petiolcd or
sessile, ,'j'-2' long, l"-2" wide, nar-
rowed to both ends, the lower crowded,
sometimes whorled, the nppei more
scattered; flowers in slender terminal
elonj-ating racemes; pedicels 2"-^"
long; bracts narrowly linear, acute;
corolla nearly white, bnt striped with
blue or purple, about (>" long; spur
short, conic; capsule sul)globose; seeds
wrinkled, wingless.
Newrmindland, and in ballast aliDUt the
Atlantic seaports. Adventivc from ICuvope.
Suniiuer.
^r
ut
^'^M;
ml.
limes
very
the
vcrv
l.S''
Df the
)osite;
:emes;
fruit,
ments
jug as
urvcd,
white
g by 2
Dthed ;
Vlso in
5. ANTIRRHINUM I.. Sp. PI. f.i2. 1753.
Annual or perennial herbs, with alternate leaves, or the lower and those of steiile shoots
opposite, and mo.stly large red purple yellow or white flowers, in terminal racemes, or soli-
tary in the upper axils. Calyx 5-parted, the segments imbricateil. Corolla irregular, gib-
lious, or saccate, but not spurrcil at the base, 2-lipped, the upper lip erect, 2lobed, the lower
spreading, ,vlobed, its base produced into a palate nearly or (|uite closing the throat. Sta-
mens 4, <lidynainons, included; filaments filiform, or dilated at the summit. St>lc filiform.
Capsule ovoid or globose, opening by chinks or pores below the summit. Seeds numerous,
oblong, truncate, rugose or smooth, not winged, [dr.-ek, nose-like ]
About 4i> species, natives of luirope, .Asia and western North .\iiierica. llesides the following
introduced species, some 18 others inhabit the western I'liited States.
1, .1. mains.
2. A. Orontiiim.
Flowers I'-i '.' long; calyx-segnieiits ovate, iiiiich shorter than the eoioUa.
Flowers 5 -7 ' Ioiik; caly.\-segiiienls linear, as Ioiik as the corolla.
T Antirrhinum majus L. OreatSiiap-
dragou. IJon's-niouth. (Fig. 3240. )
Aniii rliinum niajiis I,. Sp. I'l. 617. '7,S,1.
Perennial, glabrous below, usually more or
less glandular-pubescent above; stem branched
or simple, 1°-,^° high. Leaves lanceolate, lin-
ear or oblong-lanceolate, entire, short-peti-
oled, acute at both ends, rather firm, glabrous,
I'-y long, i"-5" wide; flowers racemose, pur-
plish-red (of a variety of colors in cultivated
forms), I'-i'^'long; pedicels rather stout, 3"-
6" long, erect in fruit; calyx-segments oval to
ovate, obtuse, 2"-3" long; capsule obli(iuely
ovoid, ^"-$" high, opening by 2 pores just be-
low the summit or at length apically 2-valvcd,
much longer than the calyx.
In waste places, sparingly escaped from gar-
dens ill tile Atlantic States. Adventivc from ICu-
rope. Other ICnglish names are Kabbit's Mouth,
Honny Rabbits, Calf-snout, Dragon's- Tiger's-
Dog's- or Toad's-mouth, lUiUdogs. June-Sept.
148 SCROPIU'LARIACKAH. [Vol.. III.
2. Antirrhinum Orontium I,.
Lesser Snapdragon. (Fig. 3241.)
Aniirtliiiium Oionliiint I,. Sp. PI. 617. 175,^.
Annual, glabrous or pubescent; stem erect,
simple, or branched, slender, about 1° high.
Leaves narrowly linear, or the lower liticar-
spatulatc, almost sessile, narrowed at both
ends, i'-2' long, i"-2" wide; flowers soli-
tary in the upper axils, purple, mostly dis-
tant, 5''-7" long; peduncles shorter than the
flowers; calyx-segments linear, somewhat
unequal, as long as the corolla, elongated
in fruit so as much to exceed the pubescent
capsule.
In fields and w.iste places, New ICn^rland and
New York. \\»o on Vancouver Island. Ad-
ventive from ICurope. Native also of Asia.
June-AUR.
6. SCROPHULARIA L. Sp. PI. 619. 1753.
Perennial strong-smelling herbs, some exotic species shrubby, with mostly opposite
large leaves, and small purple greenish or yellow proterogyuous flowers, in terminal pani-
cled cymes or thyrses. Calyx 5-parted or 5-cleft, the segments or lobes mostly obtuse.
Corolla irregular, the tube globose to oblong, not gibbous nor spurred at the base, the limb
5-lobed, the 2 upper lobes longer, erect, the lateral ones ascending, the lower spreading or
reflexed. Stamens 5, 4 of them anther-bearing and didynamous, declined, mostly included,
their anther-sacs confluent into one, the fifth sterile, reduced to a scale on the roof of the
corolla tube. Style filiform; stigma capitate or truncate. Capsule ovoid, septicidally dehis-
cent. Seeds rugose, not winged. [Named for its repute as a remedy for .scrofula.]
About 120 species, natives of the northern lieniisphtTe, most abundant in southern Uurope.
Ucsides the following, 2 or ,\ others occur in the western fniled States.
Corolla dull outside; sterile stamen deep purple. i. .?. .Ifaiy/aiidi'ia.
Corolla shining outside: sterile stamen (jreenish yellow. 2. S. li'poreUa.
X. Scrophularia Marylandica L. Maryland Figwort, lieu. 11 or Pilewort.
(Fig. 3242.)
S(ri>f>liulai ia ^faiyliindica I,. Sp. I'l. fiig. 175,^
Siiiif'liularia iiniiosa var. .tfiiri/aiKfiCti A. Gray,
Syn. I'l. 2: Part i, 2,iS. 1878.
Glabrous below, somewhat glandular-pu-
bescent above; stem slender, 4-anglcd with
grooved sides, usually widely branched,
erect, 3''-io° high. Leaves membranous,
slender- pctioled, usually pubernleut beneath,
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at the
apex, sharplj' serrate, narrowed, truncate or
subcordate at the base, ,^'-12' long; flowers
greenish-purple, 3"-4" long, very numerous
in the nearly leafless thyrses; bractlets mostly
opposite, peiliccls slender, ascending, 4"-I2"
long; calyx-lobes broadly ovate, obtuse, about
the length of the tube; corolla green, dull
without, brownish purple and shining with-
in, little contracted at the throat, the two
lateral lobes slightly spreading, the upper lip
erect, its lobes short, rounded; capsule sub-
globose, with a slender tip; sterile stamen
deep purple.
In woods and thickets. New York to Kansas, North Carolina and Tennessee. Ascends to 4000
ft. in North Carolina. The ranges of this and the following species are not yet definitely deter-
mined. July-Sept.
riGWORT FAMILY.
149
Ml#
Vol.. III.J
2. Scrophularia leporella liicknell.
Hare Figwort, (Hig. 3243.)
Sciofih Jaria leftorella liicknell, Hull. Torr. Club,
23; ,V/. 1H96.
Stem puberulcnt below, visciil-Klaiulular
above, sharply 4-an(ile(l with flat sides, 3°-S° tall,
simple, or somewhat branched. Leaves short-
petioled, ovate to lanceolate, acuminate at the
apex, mostly narrowed at the base, but some-
times subcordate, jjlabrous on both sides when
mature, usually inciscd-dentate, 2'-io' lonj?;
flowers \"-~," Ion;;, in clonj;atcd narrow thyrses;
bractlets mostly alternate; caly.x-Iobes ovate,
obtuse, or acute; corolla contracted at the throat,
green to purple and shining without, dull
within, the two lateral lobes erect; lobes of the
upper lip often narrowly oblong; sterile stamen
greenish yellow; capsule ovoid-conic.
In woods and alouK roadsides, Cuniicctiout to
Minnesota, \irginia and Ni-braska. Ascends to
3500 ft. in Virginia. May July.
7. CHELONE I,. Sp. PI. 6ir. 1753.
Perennial, mostlj' glabrous branched or simple herbs, with opposite serrate petioled leaves,
and large white red or purple flowers, in terminal and axillary dense spikes. Caly.x 5-parted,
bracted at the base, the segments ovate or lanceolate. Corolla irregular, the tube elongated,
enlarged above, the limb 2-lipped; upper lip concave, cmarginate or entire, exterior in the
bud; lower lip spreading, woolly within, 3-lobed, its lateral lobes sometimes longer than the
middle one. Stamens 5, included, 4 of them anthetiferous, dirlyiuinious, the fifth sterile,
smaller; filaments slender, woolly; anthers woolly, cordate. Style fdiform; stigma small,
capitate. Capsule ovoid, sepliciilally dehiscent. .Sce<ls numerous, compressed, winged,
[{jreek, tortoise, the head of which the corolla resembles.]
Three species, natives of eastern North AuK-rica.
Corolla white; bracts not cilioliite.
ConiUa red or rose purple: l)racts ciliohitc.
Leaves oblong or lancenlale.
Leaves ovate, acuminate; mountain plant.
C. glabra.
C. ohliqua.
C. l.yoiii.
a 4000
deter-
I. Chelone glabra L. Snake-
lieacL Turtle-head.
(I'iR- 3244-)
Clieloiif i;lahi-,i I,. Sp. I'l. 61 1. 1753.
Stem slender, erect, obtusely 4-sided,
simple or sometimes branched, strict, i°-
3° high, the branches erect. Leaves lan-
ceolate, sharply serrate with low ap-
prcssed teeth, acuminate at the apex, nar-
rowed at the base, shortpetioled, 3'-6'
long, ]i'~\]i' wide, the principal veins
about loon each side of themidvein; flow-
ers white or faintly pink, about 1' long;
bracts glabrous, not ciliolate; calyx-scg-
mentsovatc-oblong, obtuse; capsule ovoid,
obtuse, about |i' high, twice as long as
the calyx.
In swamps and along streams. Newfound-
laud to I'Uirida, west to Manitoba and Kansas.
.\scends to ,vkjo ft. in the Adirondacks.
Called also Shell flower. Cod head, Hitter-
heiband lialtnony. Lower leaves fometinit 9
broadly oval July-Sept.
I
f
Mr
15°
SCROl'HLil.ARIACEAE.
[Voi<. III.
2. Chelone obliqua h. Red Turtle-head.
(Fig. 3245.)
Clielonf obliiiua I,. Syst. lid. 11, no. .(. 1767.
Stem slender, ascending, i°-2° hi>;li, usually
branched, tlie branches spreading or ascending.
Leaves oblong, or l)roadly lanceolate, acuminate at
the apex, narrowed at the base, petioled, sharply
serrate witli somewhat spreading teeth, or laciniate,
2'-6' long, >2'-2j^' wide; petioles 2"-6" long;
principal veins about 10 oh each .side; flowers red
or rosc-purple, about i' long; bracts and calyx-seg-
ments eiliolatc and usually puberulent; capsule
similar to that of the preceding species.
In wet thickets and alotiii: streams, Virginia to Illi-
nois, south to Florida. July-Sept.
3. Chelone Lyoni Pur.sh. Lyon's Turtle-
head. (Fig. ,3246.)
Chelone l.yoni Pursh, Kl. .\ni. Sept. 737. 1S14.
Stem slender, erect or nearly so, simple or
branched, l°-3° high. Leaves ovate, acuminate at
the apex, rounded, truncate or subcordate at the
base; 3'-7' long, I '-4' wide, usually slender-petioled,
sharply serrate with divergent teeth, the principal
veins 8-10 on each side; flowers red or rose-purple,
about l' long; bracts and caly.x-segments eiliolatc
and puberulent.
In swamps and wet thickets, mountains of Virginia (?);
North Carolina and Tennessee to Georgia, July-Sept.
8. PENTSTEMON Soland. in Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 511. 1789.
Perennial herbs, mostly branched from the base only, with opposite or rarely verticillate
leaves, or the upper occasionally alternate, and large, usually showy, blue purple red or white
flowers, in terminal thyrscs, panicles, or racemes. Calyx 5-parted, the segments imbricated.
Corolla irregular, the tube elongated, more or less enlarged above, the limb 2lipped; upper
lip 2-lobed; lower lip 3-lobeil. .Stamens 5, included, 4 of them antheriferous and didynam-
ons, the 5th sterile, as long as or shorter than the others; anther-sacs divergent orconnivent.
Style filiform; stigma capitate. Capsule ovoid, oblong, or globose, scpticidally dehiscent.
Seeds numerous, angled or even, wingless. [Creek, five stamens.]
About imi species, ii.itives of North .\nicrica and Mexico.
-:v More or less pubescent or glandular, at least the calyx and pedicels.
Corolla Vi' -W' Iomr: leavi's entire, serrate, or denticulate.
Stem pubescent or puberulent nearly or i|uile to the base.
Thyrsus open, piinicle-like.
Corolla densely bearded in the throat: stem leaves lanceolate.
Corolla scarcely bearded in the iliro.it; stem leaves ovale.
Thyrsus narrow, raceme-like or si)ike-like.
CoroUatulie abruptly enlarged: sleriU' filament densely woolly.
Coiolla lube grailuilly eiihirged: sterile fdametit slightly bearded.
Only the inflorescence, or jiedieels, or caly.x pubescent.
Thyrsus open, jiaiiicle-lilie.
.Stem leaves oblong, i>vate, or lanceolate.
Corolla white, abruptly enlarged, I'-l'i' long.
Corolla purplish, t;radiially enlarged, S"-io" lo,i<f.
Stem leaves linear laiieeolate.
Thyrsus narrow, interrupted: calyx viscid.
Corolla 2' long, the tube much enlarged above; leaves dentate.
->:• •': Completely glabrous throughout, mostly glaucous.
Leaves lanceolate, oblong, ovale, ohovate, or orbicular.
.Stem leaves rounded, cla>ipiiig; flowers 2' long.
Stem leaves acute or acuminate: flowers 9"-ls" long.
Corolla o" 10" long; stem leaves lanceolate.
Corolla i' I ' •' long: stem leaves mostly oblong.
Leaves linear or linearlanceol.ite: flower-i densely tliyrsoid.
Hracts lanceolate, small: flower-* o'-S" long.
Uracls ovate, aeumin.ate, large; flowers i' long or more.
hhsiihi!;.
laiiescens.
eris/a/tis.
alhittus.
/'eiilsleiiion.
i; inii7t.i.
Ii(bifli>nis.
Cohaea.
II.
12.
/'. giandiflorus.
I', aruminaliis.
/'. glaher.
I', aiii^iisli/dlius.
I', llaydeni.
Vol,. HI.]
I'lGWORT FAMILY.
151
I. Pentstemon hirsutus (I<.) Willd.
Hairy lieard-tongue. (Fig. 3247.)
ChfUine hirsula I,. Sp. PI. 6ii. I7,S,V
/'. puhescfus Solaiid. in Ait llort. Kew. 3: ,^6o. 1789.
J'cnisli-nion In) stilus WilUl. Sp. PI. 3: 227. 180I.
Stem slender, erect, downy iieiirly or quite
to the base, 1°-;,° liigli. Leaves pubcrulent
or glabrous, denticulate or the uppermost
entire, the basal oblong or ovate, obtusish at
the apex, 2'-A]i' long, >^'-2' wide, narrowed
into petioles, the upper sessile, lanceolate,
moslly acuminate, sessile or slightly clasping;
inflorescence tliyrsoid, rather loose, glandular-
pubescent; pedicels mostly short; corolla pur-
plish or violet, the tubegradually dilated above,
2-grooved on the lower side, about 10" long,
the throat nearly closed by the villous palate
at the l)ase of the lower lip; stenle filament
densely bearded for about one-half its length.
In dry woods and thickets, Maine to Ontario
and Manitol>a. south to Florida, Minnesota and
Texas. May- July.
2. Pentstemon canescens Britton.
Gray Beard-tongue. (Tig. 3248.)
Pt'Hlslemon laevigalu.i var. canescens Uritton,
Mcni. Torr. Club, 2: 30. 1890.
P. canescens Uritton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 291. 1894.
Densely and finely canesccnt or puberulcnt,
or the leaves sometimes nearly glabrous; stem
rather stout, i "-3" high. Leaves denticulate,
the lower and basal ones oval, obtuse, nar-
rowed into long margined petioles, the next
I or 2 pairs contracted below the nmldle and
somewhat fidvUe- shaped, 3'-6' long, the upper
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, clasping;
thyrsus elongated, open, glandular-pubescent,
leafy -bracted below; pedicels very short; calyx-
segments lanceolate, acuminate; corolla purple
or nearly white, about i' long, slightly or not
at all bearded in the throat; sterile filament
slightly bearded for about one-third its length;
capsule ovoid, glabrous, longer than the calyx.
In dry woods, Virginia, West Virginia and North
Carolina, in and near the mountains. May-June.
3. Pentstemon cristatus Xutt.
Crested Beard-tongtie. (Fig. 3249,)
J'en/s/emon ciislalus Nutt. Gen. 2: ,S2. 1818.
Pubernlent below, glandular-villous and vis-
cid above; stem rather stout, leafy, 6'-i.S' high.
Leaves firm, entire or repand, the lower and basal
ones oldong or spatulate, obtuse or acutish, 2 '-4'
long, narrowed into margined petioles, the upper
sessile or somewhat clasping, acute or acuminate;
tliyrsus dense, narrow, leafy -bracted; flowers
almost sessile; calyx-segments linear-lanceolate,
acuminate, villous when young; corolla about l'
long, rather abruptly dilated above, red or pur-
ple, its lower lip villous within; sterile filament
densely long-bearded.
On plains, Manitoba and the North WLSlTerritory
to Nebraska and Nevada. May July.
M^P
I
%
■ \
I
m
SCROI'IIULARIACKAK.
[Vol.. HI.
4. Pentstemon albidus Nutt. White-
flowered Heard-toiiguc. (Kig. 3250. )
^^ \ AA ,,' /V;;/,\7cW('« (;//i/(/H.t Nutt. C'icn. 2: ,iv i8iS.
i\y Y' / Stem piiljcrulL'iit I)eIov,', densely Hlnii'liilar pubes-
cent above, rather stout, 6'- 10' hij^li. Basal and
lower leaves spatulate or oblonjj, obtusisli, mostly
entire, the upper lanceolate or oblou),', sessile, den-
ticulate, acute or acuminate, l,'i'-2^'>' long, '^"-W
wide; thyrsus narrow, raceme-like, leaty-bractcd,
interrupted; calyx-segments lanceolate, acuniinate,
visciil, one-half as long as the coroUa-tulie; corolla
white or nearly so, S"-io" long, funnelforni, the
tube gradually dilated ujiward, the limb nearly
e(iually 5-lobed, the lobes spreading; sterile fila-
ment slightly bearded with short hairs.
On dry plains, South Dakota to Colorado, Nebraska
and Texas. June-.\ug.
. Pentstemon Digitalis (Sweet) Nutt.
Foxglove Bearcl-toiigiie. (Kig. 3251.)
ri. Card. 2: pL 120.
Trans. .\ni. I'liil. Soc.
Cray, Syn.
ChiUnic !ligilalis Sweit, Hrit
182,5-27.
Pcnislpiiion lUi^ilalis Null
(II.) 5: iSi. ■ lS,vv-,^7.
PciilsliiHdii hit-.'ienlits Viir. I'>is;ilalis .\
KI. 2: Part i, 2G^. 1S7S.
Glabrous, except the glandular-pubescent in-
florescence; stem rather stout, 2^-5^ bigh. Lower
and basal leaves oblong or oval, obtuse or acut-
ish, entire or repand, 2'-7' long, narroweil into
margined petioles; upper leaves ovate, lanceo-
late or ovate-lanceolate, sessile and more or less
cordate-clasping at the base, acuminate, sharply
denticulate; thyrsus open, many-flowered; pedi-
cels i"-,i" long; calyx-segments lanceolate;
corolla white, i'-\}i' long, the tube abruptly
dilated, the limb moderately 2-lippe(l, the throat
open; sterile filament bearded above.
In fields and thickets, Maine and New \mk to
Illinois
south to Virginia
.May July.
DouUtltss escai)td from cultivation in its norllica^t<-Hi raiijji.'
6. Pentstemon Pentstemon (I.,.) Britt. Smooth Ueatd-toiigue
and Arkansas.
(I'ig. 3252.)
s
.-'SO.
Ait.
176,^.
Iloit.
( '/ir/diic l\iilsleiiinii I,. Sp. IM. l';d.
J'i'ii/.\/i'i>ioii /aevii;atiis Soland. in
Kew. 2: y.»i. 1789.
1'i-iils.lcnioii J'oilsleiiioit Hritton, Mem. Torr.
Club. 5; 291. iS()|.
Glabrous, except the somewhat glandular-
pubescent inflorescence; stem slender, 2°-3°
hi).di. liasal and lower leaves oblong or
oval, obtuse, 3'-5' long, narrowed into mar-
gined petioles, denticulate; upper leaves ses-
sile or slightly clasping, acute, obloug, or
lanceolate, denticulate; thyr.siis open, usually
many-flowered; flowers nearly sessile; calyx-
segments lanceolate, acute, short; corolla
purple or purplish, .S"-lo" long, the tube
gradually enlarged above, the throat wide
open, scarcely or not at all bearded; sterile
fil iment thinly beardcil for about one-half its
length, or more den.sely beardetl above.
In woods and thickets, Pennsylvania to I'lor-
ida, west to Kentucky and Louisiana. Occa-
sionally escaped from cultivation further east.
May -July.
1-
Voi,. iir.]
riC.WORT FAMILY.
153
7. Pentstemon gracilis Nutt.
I'l'nlslfmon firaciti.s Null. (im. 2: 52. iSiS
Glabrous or very nearly so up to tlic j;lati(lu-
lur-puhesi-eiit innorfsccucf; stum slcinler, strict,
6'-i.S' high. Hasal anil lower leaves liuear-o))-
loDg or spatulate, mostly olitusc, denticulate, or
entire, I'-j' long, narrowed into margined peti-
oles; upper leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate or
the uppermost lanceolate, acuminate, ilenticu-
late; thyrsuso])en, several-many-llowered; pedi-
cels 2"-.\" long; calyx-segmenls lanceolate,
acute or acuminate; corolla purple, 9" 12"
long, its tuhc gradually eidarged above, its
throat wide open; sterile filament bearded for
about oncdialf its length; capsule one-third
longer than the calyx.
On moiht prairii's. Manitoba to Sliiinrsota
to till- Noilliwtst Tcrritoiv
July-
Slender Heard-tougne.
Missouri,
Colorado.
wist
M,.y
ind
ind
8. Pentstemon tubifldrus Xiitt. P'lin-
iielforni Ueard-tongue. ( V'\^. 3254. )
I'lii/slimoii /iilii/li"'iis Nutt. Trans. .\ni. Pliil. Soc.
(II.) 5: LSI. \\\y^-.
Cilabrous, except the viscid-pubescent calyx
and pedicels; stem slender, strict, 2°-.i!j° high,
leafless above. Leaves oblong, ovate, or lanceo-
late, i'-.\' long, obtusish or acute, the basal
narrowed into broad margined petioles, the
ujiper sessile or clasping, entire or merely un-
didate; thyrsus narrow, interrupted, the clusters
several dowered; pedicels \"-i" long, calyx-
segments ovate, acuminate, short, striate-nerved;
corolla nearly funuelform, white or purplish,
less than i' long, nearly as broad when ex-
panded, its tube gradually enlarged, the limb
nearly C(|ually five-lobed, the lobes spreading;
sterile fdament short bearded above; capsule
ovoid, acute, about twice as long as the calyx,
ouri and Kansas to Arkansas. May-July.
In moist soil, Jli
9, Pentstemon Cobaea Nutt. Cobaea
Heard-tongitc. ( l-'ig. .^255.)
I'oihUnion Cohat'a Nutt. Trans. .\in. I'liil. Soc.
(II)5:iS<2. i.S,v,-,37-
Stem stout, densely and finely pubescent be-
low, glandular pubescent above, \°-2° high.
Leaves oblong to ovate, firm, 3'-5' long, den-
tate, the lower mostly glabrous and narrowed
into margined petioles, the upper sessile or
cordate-clasi)ing, usually ])ubcscent; thyrsus
short, several-many-flowered, open; flowers
about 2' long; calyx- segments lanceolate,
acuminate, ,s"-7" long; corolla purple, puber-
ulcnt without, glabrous within, its tube narrow-
up to the top of the calyx, then abruptly di-
laled and campanulate, the limb obscurely 2-
lipped, the lobes short, rounded, spreading;
sterile fdament sparingly bearded; capsule
ovoid, acute, pubescent, reticulate-veined, as
long as the calyx.
On dry prairies, Kansas to Te.v.is. May July.
'54
SCROl'in'I.ARIAClvAH.
[Vol.. III.
10. Pentstemon grandifldrus Xutt. LarKC-flowcred Heard-toiij:;iie. (Fig. 3256.)
/' gmiiilitloi IIS N'litt. ill I'r.\s. Cat. i8i ).
Citalirous iititl aoiiiewhal ^laucnus; stem
stout, 2° 4° IukIi. Leaves nil entire and ob-
tuse, the basal ones oliovate, narrowed into
broad petioles, those of the lower part of the
stem sessile, oblon^j or oval, l'-2,'i' long, the
upper nearly orbicular, cordntc-rlaspinff,
shorter; thyrsus open, leafy -bracted, the
bracts orbicular, conlate; jicdicels 2"-6"
loiijr; flowers nearly 2' long; calyx-seKinents
lanceolate, acute, y"-A" long; corolla laven-
der-blue, the tube rather abruptly dilated
above the calyx, the limb somewhat 2-lipped;
sterile fdanient incurved, villous and capitate
at the summit; capsule acute, 8"-i()" hinh,
three times as long as the calyx.
On prairii's, Illinois to Miinicsota and South
Dakota, soutli to Kansas. Jniie-.\UK.
^-ir
n. Pentstemon acuminsLtus Dotigl.
Sharp-leaved Beard-tongue. (Fig. 3257.)
Penlslenioii anniiiiialiis Dongl.; I.indl. Hot. Retf.
pi. ijS_^. 1829.
Glabrous and glaucous; stem rather stout,
strict, 6'-2° high, leafy. Leaves firm, entire,
the lower and basal ones oblong or spatnlate,
obtuse or acute, narrowed into petioles, the upper
sessile or clasping, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,
2'-3' long; thyrsus narrow, sometimes i-sided,
usually leafy-bractcd below; pedicels becoming
4" -S" long in fruit; calyx-segments lanceolate,
acute, 2"~y long; corolla blue, 9"-io" long, its
tul)c rather gradually dilated, the limb 2-lipped;
sterile fil irient bearded along the dilated sum-
mit; capsule acute, twice as long as the calyx.
In dry soil, Ni)rtli\vest Territory to Nebraska and
Texas, west to OrcRon and N\w Mexico. May~.\iiK.
12. Pentstemon glaber Piir.sh.
Large Smooth Beard-tongue. (Fig. 3258.)
Penlslenioii fflaber Pmah, Fl. Am. Sept. 7,^8. 1814.
Glabrous, somewhat glaucous; stem ascenil-
ing or erect, rather stout, leafy, i^-z" high.
Leaves entire, firm, the basal and lower ones
narrowed into petioles, the middle ones ob-
long or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, sessile,
the upper lanceolate, acuminate, sessile,
scarcely clasping; thyrsus narrow, elongated,
densely many- flowered; pedicels y,"-'!" long
in fruit; calyx segments ovate-lanceolate, scari-
ous margined, abruptly acuminate, 's"-i," lo"K.
their margins commonly eroded; corolla blue
or purple, I'-i^' long, rather abruptly ex-
panded above the calyx, the limb somewhat 2-
lippcd, the lobes rouiulcd; sterile filament
bearded at the slightly enlarged summit; cap-
sule narrowly ovoid, acute, about twice as long
as the calyx.
In moist soi'i, 'iou"i Dakota to Nebraska and
Arizona, west to Oregon aii'' California. May-.\ug.
Vor,. in.]
I'KIWORT FAMILY.
•55
1814.
bccnd-
|hi);l).
ones
ts ob-
jssile,
;ssilc,
;ated,
long
I scar i-
1 long,
blue
ex-
tiat 2-
iiiient
cap-
long
la and
Aug.
13. Pentstemon angustifdlius
Pursh. Pale-blue Heard-toiij;ue.
(IMJJ. 3259-)
Peiilslrtiion aiiQin/i/o/ia I'nrsli, I'l. .\in. Sept.
7,,S. 1S14. ■
Pfiilsli'niO)i run ii/iii.t Niitt. Cien. 3: 52. 181H.
(ilabroits and glaucous; stem slender,
erect, leafy, 6'-i,s' liigli. Leaves all linear,
or linear-lanceolate, entire, tlie lower nar-
ro\vc<l into jietioles, obtusisli at tlieapex.tlie
upper sessile, acute, llj'-J^i' long, i,!j"-2"
wide; tbyrsus narrow, spikc-likc, mostly
dense; bracts lanceolate, ncuniinate; pedi-
cels very short; calyx-segments linear-lan-
ceolate, acuminate, i"-}," long; corolla
blue, or nearly white, S"-io''' long, the
tube uradnally enlarged, the limb some-
what 2-lippeil; sterile fdanieut lx;arded at
the summit.
In dry sdil, western Nebraska to North
Dakota and Montana. May-July.
14. Pentstemon Hatydeni S. Wats.
Haydeii's Heard-tongue.
(Fig. 3260.)
Peiilsleinon llaydfiii S. Wats. Hot. Ca/. 16: ^ii.
Glabrous, not at all glaucous or slightly so;
stem decumbent, simple or branched, leafy,
i°-2° high. Leaves linear or elongated-lan-
ceolate, entire, sessile and slij.;htly clasping,
acute, acuminate, or the lowest obtiisish at the
apex, 2'-5' long, i"-5" wide; thyrsus nar-
row, dense; bracts ovate or ovalc-lanccolate,
lar^c, cordate-clasping, acute, or acuminate;
fruiting pedicels 2"-3'" long; calyx segments
lanceolate, striate-nerved, acuminate, t,"-S"
long; corolla blue, i' long or more, the tube
l)roadly dilated above the calyx, the limb
nearly equally s-lobed; capsule acute, twice
as long as the calyx.
In moist soil, Nebraska, Kansas and Wyoniinp;.
9. COLLINSIA Xiitt. Joiirn. Acad. Phil, i: 190, //. y. 1817.
Wintcr-ainiual herbs, with opposite or verticillatc leaves, and blue jiink white or varie-
gated flowers, verticillatc, or so.ilary in the axils. Calyx canipanulate, 5-clcft. Corolla
irregular, the tube short, the limb 2-lip])ed; upper lip 2-clcft, the lobes erect or recurved;
lower lip Iar);er, 3-lobcd, the lateral lobes sprradiiig or droopiiii;, flat, the middle one con-
duplicate, keel-like, enclosing the 4 declined stamens and the fdiform stvle. Stamens didy-
uamous. Corolla with a gland on the upper side of the tube near the base. I'lliments fdi-
form; anther-sacs confluent at the apex. Stigma small, capitate or 2-lo!)ed. Capsule ovoid
or globose, scptiridally 2-valved, the valves 2-cleft. Seeds few, large, peltate concave on
the inner side. [Named for Zaccheus Collins, botanist, of Philadelphia, 1764-1831.]
About 15 species, natives of North .\nicrica.
Corolla 5" -8" long, the throat shorter than tlic limb.
Leaves, at least the lower, ovati- or oblong; corolla-lobes notched. i. C. I'eriia.
Leaves Umceolate; coroUa-lobis obcordate. 2. C. :'iolai-ea.
Corolla 2"-.V' long, the throat longer tlian the limb. 5. C. paixnjjoia.
I
156 SCROI'HrK.ARIACIvAi;.
I. Collinsia verna Nult. Hlue-eyed Mary. Innocence.
Collin>^ia. (Imr. 32()i.)
[Vol.. HI.
Hruad-lcaved
C. iriihi Null Jdllili Af.id I'liil. l: r^'i. /"/v. i**!;.
Cl.iliri)U;i or piilicnilfnt; »teiii sk-iider, wcuk,
U'-i" Idii),', simple or l)rniu-liiMl. Leaves tliiii,
(i])])()sitc, llie lower liroadly ov.ilu or orbicular,
ol)luse at the opfx, rouiidcil, iiarrowi'd or sul)-
cordate at tlie l)nsc, crcnate or entire, sleiider-
pctioled; miildlc leaves sessile or cordatc-i'lasp-
in^, ovate or ohloitj;, obtuse, dentate, I'-j'loiij^,
lloral le ivis ovate to spatulate, mostly aeule,
dentate or entire; upper whorls | 'itlowered;
eoroUa ()" s'' loiijr, its throat e(|ualliii)4 or
shorler than the ealyx, its lower lip blue, the
ujijiei puride or neatly white, the lobes emargi-
nate or triini-ate; eapsule globose, 2'j"-,'," in
diameter, shorter tluin the linear calyxdobes.
In niui'*! wikuIs aiiil tliirkits, western Ni w York
tip Wi^eiin-iii. sniitli to I'linisylvania, KentiK ky and
till- Indian Tcnilury. .Vpril June.
a. Collinsia violacea Xtitt. \iolcl or
Xarrow-leaved ColliiiMa. ( I'lff. ,•^262. )
Collinsia violmeii Nutt. 'ri.iiis Am I'liil. Sue. 1 IM
Similar to the prci-ediiiL; species, stem sleiuler,
erect, usually bratiched, f)'-i5' hinh I,eaves
lanceolate or oblonji-lauceol.ite, rather thick, en-
tire or denticulite, obtuse or obtusish, the lower
t)p])ositc, pctioled, the mi<ldle similar, sessile, i'-
2' long, 3"-,s" wide, the floral linear or linear-
lanceolate, op])osilc or verticillale; upper whorls
2 ,s-llowered; corolla ,s"-6" lon^;, violet, its lobes
obcordate or emarKimite; capsule j^lobosc, about
2" ill diameter, shorter than the lanceolate acute
calyx-lobes.
Kansas (according to llolzingiri and Arkansas.
3. Collinsia parvifldra Donf^l.
Siiiall-nowcrcd Collinsia.
(Kig. 3263.)
Ciilliii.\ia fiar-ifloiii DoukI.; I.indl. Hot.
V.isi. />/. /.'V.'. ■ \S2-.
I'uberulent, at lenj;th dilfusely branch-
ed; stems very sleinler, },' i,s' lonjj.
Leaves oblong or lanceolate, mostly ob-
tuse at the apex and narrowed at the base,
/4'-'' lonff, entire, or sparinj^ly toothed,
the lower opposite, petioled, the (loral ses-
sile, opposite or verticillale; upper whorls
2-6 llowered; pedicels commonly longer
than the flowers; corolla 2"-3" long,
about twice as long as the calyx, blue or
whitish, the throat longer than the limb;
capsule globose, l"-i;^" in diameter, lit-
tle shorter than the lanceolate calyx-lol)CS.
In moist places, Ontario to liritish Colum-
bia, south to MicliiKan, Colorado, Ari/.ona
and Utah. .\pril-June.
}
v«)i„ in ]
I'lCWtiRT I'AMII.Y.
157
Hcil.
ob-
base,
thed,
1 ses-
horls
otixer
long,
ue or
limb;
r, lit-
lo1)CS.
oliini-
rizona
xo. PAULOWNIA Siel). iS: Zucc. l-'l. Jap. i: 25. />/. /". 18.^5.
A iBr^e tree, with tin- iispi-i-t of ( \ilitlf<ii, with brosil opiiosiiM entire or .■^-lobi'ij, petioleil
pubescfiit IcHVi's, nnii liirxc violet nf)wers in tertniniil ]):iiiiflt's. Calyx ili't-ply ,s cli-fl, tlic
liitiis short. Corolla irri-^juliir, the tiihe elonfjnleil, ciilart^fd .ibove, the 5 lobes s])reH(liiit;,
somewhat une<|iial. Stamens 4, iliilynainoiis, inchuU'iJ; nnthcr-sics divarii-ate. Style
slender, slightly tliii-kened toward the snnitnit, stJHniatio on the inner side. Ca])-iule coria-
ceous, ovoid, aente, locnlicidally dehiscent. Seeds nutnerouD, Rtriatc, winded, {''lowers cx-
jjandinn before the leaves appear. [Named lor Anna
Taulowna, daughter of the C/.ar I'aul I.]
\ nKiiiolypic Japanese Henns.
1. Paulownia tomentdsa (Thunb. ) Haill.
I'.alowiiia. (Fig. 3264.)
Hi); mm id /oiinii/oui Thiuili. I'l. jap. 2,S2. 17^4.
I'liiiliiu iiiii hiipi I Ill/is Siel). iS: Zucc. I'l. Jap. 1: 27. i8<,s.
I'aul, lu Ilia loiiieiitosa Ilaill. Hist. I'l. 9: |,vt. '•'*«^-
A tree with thin flaky bark, reachinK a maximum
height of abont 70° and a trunk diameter of 4°, the
liranchcs stont, .spreading. Leaves broailly ovale, i^'-
\-i' lonjj, 4'-,S' wide, lonK-pelioled, eanescent on both
sides when younj;, glabratc above when olil, the peti-
oles terete; flowers abont 2|4' lonj;. numerons in large
erect terminal panicles; pedicels stout, densely tomen-
tose; calyx 5-lobcd, the lobes thick, lomentose; co-
rolla sligiitly irrexular, puberulent without; capsule 2'
hinh, 1' in diameter.
ICscaped from cultivation in southern New York and
New Jersey and in Ihe soutliern States. May-July.
II. MIMULUS L. Sp. PI. 634. 1753.
Erect or decumbent herbs, with opposite mostly dentate leaves. Flowers axillary, soli-
tary, peduncled, jiink, violet, or yellow, usually showy. Calyx prismatic, s-an^led, .s-toothed,
tlie upper tooth usually the largest. Corolla irregular, its tube cylindric with a pair of
tiilxes on the lower side within, its limb 2-lippcd; upper lip erect or rellcxed, 2dobcd; lower
lip spreatlin^, 3-lobed, the lobes rounded. Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted on the corolla-
tube; anther-sacs divergent, or sometimes confluent at the summit. Style filiform; stigma
2-lamellate. Capsule oblong or linear, loculiridally dehiscent, many-seeded, enclosed by
the calyx. [Diminutive of iiiiiiiiis, a mimic actor.]
.\l)c)ut .^o species, natives of America. Hesides the following, sonic 2n others occur in the
western I'nited Slates and Ilritisli Columbia.
Coriilla violet, or rarely white; eastern species.
Leaves sessde, clasijiuK: peduncles iDM^er tlian the c.ilyx.
Leaves pelioled; peduncles sliiirler than the calyx.
Corolla yellow; western; two species advenlive in the llast.
I'larits glabrous or (jlalirate.
ICveet; hranelies s|)re.ulinK; leaves ov.ite; flowers i' long.
DilTuse; leaves nearly orbicular; flowers about (V long.
Plant villous and viscid, dilTuse, musk scented.
1. .If. riiigrns.
2. .U. alalus.
T,. .tf. is^ullatiia.
4. .'/. Jaiiii'sii.
5. ^f. iinisiiialiis
I. Mimulus ringens L. .Square-.siemtiied
Monkey-flower. (I'ig. ,1265.)
Jfiiiiii/iis I iiij;fii\ L. .Sp. IM. bT,\. 1753.
Glabrous, perennial by roolstocks; stem erect, 4-
sided or somewhat 4-winged, usually much branch-
ed, i°-3° high. Leaves oblong, lanceolate, or ob-
long-lanceolate, pinnalely veined, acuminate or
acute at apex, serrate, auriculale-clasping at the
base, or the lower merely sessile, 2'-4' long, 'i'-l'
wide ; peduncles slender, i'-2' long in fruit, 2-4
limes as long as the calyx; calyx-teeth lanccolate-
. subulate; corolla violet, rarely white, about i' long,
the throat narrow, cxceediii;; the calyx, the lower
lip puberulent within at Ihc base; fruiting calyx ob-
long, 6"-S" long; seeds obloag, minute, slightly
reticulated.
In swamps and along streams. Nova Scotia to Vir-
ginia, Tennessee, Manitoba, Nebraska and Texas. As-
cends to vioo ft. in Virginia. June-Sept.
I
■■I
scRorin i.ARiAci'Ai':
[Vor,, III.
3, Mimulus guttatus DC Yellow
Monkey- llower. ( Imk- 3*''7-)
Mimulus eulliitns DC. C:il. llort. SIdiisJ).
127. 181.S.
rereniUHl l)y stolons, gliil)rous or pu1)cr-
uletit; stem rutlier stout, simple or liraiicli-
ed; l)rimchcs spreiuliiij;. I<cnves ovate to
obovate, ilcntate or dentii'iilate, obtuse ftt
the apex, rounded, narrowed or cordate at
the base, 1'-;/ Ion).;, ilie lower shortpeli-
oled, the upper smaller, sessile orclaspiuj;;
peduncles shorter than or equallinj^ the
flowers; calyx ol)li(|ue; corolla yellow, l'-
2' Ion),', the lower lip bearded at the base,
often blotched with red or purple; fruiting
calyx about '/i' long; seeds longitudinally
striate.
In wet meadows, Norfolk. Ciinii. and soutli-
em New York. Introduced from California.
Summer.
3. Mimulus alatus Solami. Slmrp-
winntd .Monkey lldwtr. ( l-'i^. .V''6' )
Miitiiilii^ (i/,i/n^ .Suland. in .\il. llntl, Kew. 1:361.
Similar to the piecedin^ s|)eiic>i, ulibrous;
stem sharply .l-an>;led, the annles more or less
winged. Leaves ovate, ovate lanceolate, or «>b-
long, acute or acuminate at the apex, dentate-
serrate, narrowed at the base, prtioled. j'- .s'
long, (»" i.S" wide; petioles ,'4' 1' long, nar-
rowly nuirgined; peduncles stout, shorter than
the calyx; corolla violet, about 1' long; calyx-
teeth short, broad, abruptly mucronulate; seeds
smooth.
In swamps, C"iimcticiit to Illiunis, south to
t'ltiiiKia and Tt xas. Juiu- Sept.
c>n
4. Mimulus Jamesii T. & G. James'
Mimulii.s. (Fig. 3268.)
Afimulus faniesii T. iS: G.; Bintli. in DC. Prodr. 10:
371, 1846.
Perennial by stolons, glabrous or nearly so;
stems slender, creeping, dillusely branched, root-
ing at tht node.s, 6'-i8' long. Leaves broadly
ovate, orbicular or broader, very obtuse, denticu-
late or entire, mcmbranous,trnncatc, subcordate,
or rarely narrowed at the base, palniatcly veined,
short-pctioled or the upper sessile, ]^'-i' in di-
ameter; peduncles slender, longer than the calyx
in fruit; calyx oblitjue, scarcely toothed, i"-^"
long at maturity; corolla yellow, 4"-6" long,
the lower lip bearded at the base within, the
throat broad; seeds nearly smooth.
In brooks and swamps, Ontario to Nebraska and
Mexico, west to Montana and Arizona. May per-
haps include two species. June-Sept.
T
III.
Vol.. III.
I'IC.WORT lA.MILY.
«59
./''/
:alyx
long,
the
. and
■ per-
Mitnulus mosch^tus Doii^t
Mu^k-llowtr. Mii?-k-plain. ( Fi^;. ,^2^)9.)
iil,)u/iii/ii\ |1(HH(1 ; I.JtiiU. licit. l<i« />f. lllS.
Ml III III II
IVrcniiiiit, villoiH-|)iil)e!<ciMit, vinciil, nuiHk-<*ccnlv(l;
»tcnis cri-PiiiiiK mid iiHcvinlinK, lirancliiMl, sli'iidcr, '1'
1 i' loiiK- I.eavi's ovali' or ohloii;;, slii)rtj)etii li-d, ai'ute
or oUliisp at llic api'.x, tifiiticiilatr. roumlfd nr rmIh or-
(lalf at llie \r\*v, \' -2' ImiK, s"-ii" wide; pcduii '• .h
blender, loiini-r tliaii tlie cal., .<; Ilowcrs 1 ' long cir lots;
calvx-lcctli latiri-olalc, amminatf; corolla \cllow, '-3
tiiiii'H as long as tliv calyx.
Fil wit liliiccs, I.niust V:ill<y, I.diiK Isliiiid: Middli-
C.iiiVi, .S.iratui^a C" , N V.; Alma, N II 1 aiciircliuu to
M.niitin). .Vdvitilivr licitii till.' Paiilii- Coast. June St'ia.
12. CONOBEA Auhl. IM. Cuiaii. 2. (.39.
M -b-'V. 1775-
lleilw, with opjjosite pinnately parlcil piiinatind
incised or strrate Icavts, and small blue or wliite
pi'duncled flowers, solitary or two together in the axils. Calyx s-parted, the segments
narrow, ecpial. Ccroll" irregular, the tnlie c>lindric, the lim'i ^dipped; upper lip emar-
ginate or jdotied; lower lip.^dohed. Stamens 4, <1idynatnous, ascending, included; (ilainents
filiforni; anther-sacs parallel, not continent. Style incurved at the summit; stigma i-'uiinel-
late. Capsule gloliose, ohlong or linear, seplicidally dehiscent, the valves entire r 2-clcft.
Seeds numerous, ohlong, striate, [(fuiana name. J
.AliiiiitS species, natives of .Vnitrica. Itesides the I'oUuiving, nnullier occurs in the soiUluvestein
I'nited Slates.
1. Conobea multifida (Miclix.) IJeiitli.
Coiiobea. (Fig. ^,270. )
Cnf'iai in iiiiillifida Michx. l-'l. llnr. Am. 2: 22. f>l. ,s-.
Il-o,?
Coiiohia iiiiillifiilii Iltntli. in DC. I'mdi. 10:391. 1.H46.
Annual, linely viscid-puhescent; stem at length
diirusely hranched, .\'-h' high, very leafy. Leaves
pelitded, ]i'-i' long, pinnately parted into 3-7
linear or linear-ohlong obtuse entire or incised seg-
ments; flowers greenish- white, 2"-2l2" long,
mostly solitary in the opposite axils, abont as long
as their tilirorin peduncles; calyx-segments linear-
subulate, slightly shorter than the corolla; capsule
narrowly ovoid, glabrous, about equalling the
calyx; seeds longitudinally striate.
AlotiK streams and rivers, Ohio to Iowa and Kansas,
south to Kentucky and Tcias. Introduced aloiij; the
Delaware below I'hiladelphia. June Sept.
13. MONNIERA P. Ik. Civ. & Nat. Hi.st. Jam. 269. />/. jS. /. j. 1755,
[HiiKi'KSTi.s Oacrtn. Kruct. & Scin. 3: 1.S6. />/. .'/./. 1S05. J
Erect diffuse or prostrate herbs, with opposite entire serrate, or, in some aquatic species,
dissected leaves, and small yellow blue white or variegated pedunclcd flowers, mostly soli-
tary in the axils. Calyx 5-parted, the ujiper segment the broadest. Corolla irregular or
nearly regular, the tube cylindric, the lind) more or less alipped; upper lip 2-lobed; lower
lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, included; anther-sacs parallel or divergent. vStyle
slender; stigma capitate, or 2-loljcd. Capsule globose or ovoid, seplicidally or loculicidally
dehiscent. Seeds numerous. [Named for Louis Guillaume Ic Monnier, 1713-1799, professor
of botany in the Jardin du Roi, Paris.]
About 60 species, natives of warm and tro])ical region <. In addition to the followinff, 2 others
occur in the southern I'nited St.ates.
Corolla almost regular, 5-lobed; leaves spatulate. 1. M. Monnicra.
Corolla manifestly 2-lipped.
Stem erect; leaves serrate, not cl.asping, black in drying. 2. M. acuminata.
Stem creeping or ascending; leaves eiUire or crenulate, clasping.
Leaves ovate, punctate. 3. Sf. Caroliniana.
Leaves obovate or orbicular, not punctate. 4. ^f. rolundifolia.
•
i6o
SCROI'IIl'LARIACIiAi:.
[Vol.. III.
I. Monniera Monniera (L,. ) Britton
Monnier's Hedge-Hyssop, (l-ig. 3271.)
(,'ialiolii Mtiiiitiiiii I.. Cent. I'l. J: 175')
l.i»ws<-lla mlychia I'orsk l'"l .\\\\i Aral). 112. 1775.
Jli I ftiwlisdiiiii/i'lia I'ursli. I'l. .\iii Si pt. 41S. 1M4.
lift pislis Mini nil 111 H U.K. Niiv (kii. 2:.i()6. 1K17.
M, A/i'iiiiiiiti liritlon, Mini.Torr. Club, 5; :?t)2. iS<i(.
IVrcnnial, glabrous, (It.sliy; stem creeping,
rooting at the nodes, htaiiched, 6'-iS' long.
Leaves spatnlate or cuneate-oljcordale, sessile,
rounded at the apex, entire, or sparingly den-
ticulate, 3"-io" long, i"-2'2" wide; peduncles
mainly in alternate axils, slender, 2-l)ractcolate
at the summit, in fruit I'/Uger than the leaves;
flowers pale blue, about 5" long; upper caly.x-
scgment ovale, acute; corolla obscurely 2-
lipped; stamens nearly ecpial; stigma slightly
2-lol)cd; capsule ovoid, acute, shorter than the
calyx.
On shores, near the coast, Maryland to Florida,
Texas and Mexico, Widely distributed in tr<)i)ical
reuions of both the Old World and the New, June-
(.)ct.
2. Monniera acuminata (Walt. ) Kunt'.e. Purple Hedge- Hyssop. (Fig. 3272.)
Grnliola aiiniiiiialn Walt. Fl. Car. 6i, 1788,
.Ifii/oiirea iiii;ifsifiis ^cnth, Comp. Dot. Mag. i.
17,1- i.^iS.'
Ileipisln iiisiieiceiis licnth, Comp. Bot. Mag, 2: 56,
1836.
M. acuminata Kuntzc, R v. Gen, PI, 463. 1891,
Perennial, flabrons; stem erect, branched
above, i°-2° high, very leafy. Leaves oblong or
oblong lanceolate, sc.rate, at least above the
middle, short-pelioled or sessile, obtuse or acute
at the apex, narrowed or somewhat cuncate at
the base, i '-2' long, faintly veined; peduncles
in alternate and opposite axils, ascending, in
fruit longer than the leaves, not bracteolate at
the summit; flowers 5"-6" long, purple; upper
calyx-segment lanceolate, acute; corolla 2-
lipped, the lower 'ip longer than the upper; sta-
mens approximate in pairs; capsule oblong, 4-
valved, j"-4" high, about eqiialling the calyx.
In wi'l siiil, Maryland to Florida and Texas, near
the coist, IMaTit blackening in drying, Junc-.Sc])!,
3. Monniera Caroliniana (Walt,) Ktiiitze.
Hltio Hedge-Hys.sop. (Fig. 3273,)
Ohi<laria Caioliiiiaiiii Walt Fl. Car. \«^. I7.><S,
Af. aiii/>/i-ui\iii/is ^lich . I'l. Hor. .\ni 2; 22. 1S03.
///•I /tntiuiiii/i/i > itaii/isVxn^h. I'l. Am. Sept. 418. 1814.
il/. Cm 0/1 Ilia nil Kunt/e, Rev. Cien, I'l. 4(13. iSiii,
Perennial by stolons, more or less pubescent,
fleshy; stems creeping and ascending, rooting at
the lower nodes, 6'-2° long, simple, or sparingly
branched, leafy. Leaves ovate to oval, sessile and
clasping by a snbcordate base, obtuse at the apex,
parallel-veined, punctate, entire, the margins cilio-
late or naked; peduncles shorter than the leaves;
usually shorter than the calyx; upper calyx-seg-
ment ovate, coroate; flowers bine, 4"-5" long, eph-
emeral; disk io-12-toothed; stamens approxim .te
in pairs.
In wet pine b,-"ctis, New Jersey to I'lnrida and
Louisiana.
<^^''^i
Vol. III.]
FIGWORT FAMILY.
i6l
4. Monniera rotundifdlia Miclix. Rouiul-leaved Hedge-Hyssop. (Fig. 3274.)
Mitiiiiieia loluiidifolia Miclix. Fl. Ilor. Am. a:
22. iSo_5.
Ifii fteslii lolundifolia 1 ursli, Fl. Am. Sent. 418.
iSi.,.
rcrennial by stolons, succulent; stems
creeping and spreading, branched or simple,
villous-pubesceiit, i°-2° long. Leaves obo-
vate or orbicular, palmately veined, entire,
or slightly un<lulate. narrowed to a sessile or
clasping base, Ji'-'' "road, glabrous, not
punctate; peduncles -tout, shorter than the
leaves, solitary or 2 tcgether in the axils,
longer than the (lowers; flowers blue, 3"-4"
long; upper caly.\-segmcnt oval; corolla 2-
lipped, longer than the calyx; stamens ap-
proximate in pairs; stigma 2-lobed; disk ob-
solete; capsule oblong, obtuse, I'j" high,
at length 4-valvcd, shorter than the calyx.
On nuuldy slum-';, Illinois lo N'lliraska, south
ti) Tennessee and Texas. Also in Calilornia (?)
June- St pt.
14. GRATIOLA L. Sp. PI. 17.
:753-
G. J'ii i;iiiiaiia.
(/. splmt-ioiiirpa.
I'Irect or dilTuse glabrous gl.mdular-pnbcscent or hirsute herbs, with opjiosite entire or
dentate leaves, and yellow or wbilisli peduncled llowcrs solitary in the axils. I'cduncles
2-bracteolate at the suiinnit in the fdUnwing species. Calyx ,spartcd, the .scgnicnts narrow,
slightly une(|iial. CoroU.i irregular, its tube cylindric, its limb more or less 2-lippcd; upper
lip entire, emarginate, or 2-clert; lower lip ,^-lobed. I'crlect stamens 2, the anterior pair
wanting, or represented by rudiments; lll.imeiits hliform; anther-sacs distinct, transverse
aiul separated by a broad connective, or |)arallel and contiguous. Style lllifoim; stigma di-
lated, slightly 2-lol)ed. Capsule locnlici lally and seiiticidally dehiscent, ovoid or globose,
4-valvcd. Seeds numerous, lonyituiliually ami transversely striate. [Latin, grace oi favor,
from its reputed healing properties.]
.\b()\il 2,i species, of wide ^jeottrapliii' distrilmtinn in ti tnpcralc and waiiu riKioiis. Hosides the
followitiif. some 7 ntliers occur in soiulurn and western Nutlli .America.
Plants glabrous or jrlatulular; anllier-sacs transverse, separated.
.Sterile lilaments minute or none.
("■lanilular puberulenl; (lowers |"-,V' b'Utf; capsule ovoid.
Clabrous; (lowers 7" lonjf; e.ipsule nlobo-ie.
Sterile filaments 2, slvmler, c.ipitale at tlie siimmtt.
Leaves lanceolate, entire or remotely denticulate.
Leaves ovate or oblong, sharply serrate.
Plant hirsute; anther-sacs parallel, contiguous.
I. Gratiola Virginiana L,. Claniiny
Hedge- Hyssop. (Kig. 3275.)
<7ia/itt/<t riii;iiiiitiia I,. ,Sp. IM. 17. 17?.;.
Aininal; stem erect, at length widely branch-
ed, glandular imbernlent, at least above, ,V-\2'
high. J, eaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, ses-
sile, narrowed to both ends, denticulate, i'-2'
long, 2"-5" wide, glabrous or iiearlj- so; peMlnii-
cles slender, glandular, shorter than orctpi.-dling
the leaves; flowers 4"-5" long; braetlctsaslong
as the calyx, or longer; calyx about one-half as
long as the yellowish corolla-tube; limb of the
corolla short, white; sterile filaments minute or
none; anthcr-sars transverse, separated by a
broad connective; capsule broadly ovoid, 2"
liigh, as long as the calyx.
In vvet places, yuebec to Hritish Columbia, south
to Florida, Texas and California. .Ascends to ,vxkj
ft. in Virginia. May-Oct.
It
■^ J. -.■ptj^w^w If iw^V^ii-!-^*" '***''■■■■''•, '^^^"^^^
SCROPHULARIAClvAE.
[Vot. III.
2. Gratiola sphaerocarpa VM. Round-
fruited Hedge Hyssop. (Fig. 3276.)
Graliiila sphaoocaipa liU. Hot. S. C. & da. i: 14.
1816.
Annual, glabrous; stem ascending, or erect,
rntlier stout, simple, or branched, b'-\2' high.
Leaves oblong or obovate-oblong, sessile, den-
tate or denticulate, 3-5-nervcd, acute or obtusisli
at the apex, narrowed at the base, i'-2'long, 3"-
S" wide; peduncles stout, little or not at all lon-
ger than the calyx; bractlets about etiualling the
calyx; calyx-lobes linear; calyx nearly one-
half as long as the corolla; flowers about 7" lon^ ;
corolla-tube yellow, the limb paler; auther-sacs
broad, transverse; sterile filaments wanting; cap-
sule globose, 3" in diameter.
In wet places, southern New Jersey to Florida,
west to Illinois, Texas and Mexico. June-Sept.
3. Gratiola aijrea Muhl. Goldenpert.
Golden Hedge-Hyssop. (Fig. 3277. )
Gratiola aurea Muhl. Cat. 2.
iSi.v
Annual, glandular- puberulent.above, orgla-
brate; stems decumbent, creeping or ascend-
ing, simple or branched, 4'-i2' long, some-
what 4-sided. Leaves lanceolate, Yz'-i' long.
\"-i," wide, sparingly denticulate, scarcely
narrowed to the sessile and somewhat clasp-
ing base; peduncles filiform, in fruit equalling
or longer than the calyx; corolla bright yel-
low, i>"-~" long, 3 times as long as the calyx;
sterile filaments 2, capitate at the summit; an-
ther-sacs of the fertile stamens broad, trans-
verse; capsule globose-ovoid, shorter than or
equalling the calyx.
In sandy wet places, Quebec and Ontario to
New Jersey ;i.id Florida. June Sept.
4. Gratiola viscosa Sclnvein. Viscid
Hedge-Hyssop. (Fig. 3278.)
Gralwla zisrosa Schwein.; LeConte, Ann. Lye.
N. Y. l; i(i6. 1S23.
Annual; stem weak, finely viscid-pubescent,
slender, commonly simple, 6'-iS'' long.
Leaves ovale, ovate-oblong, or ovate-lanceolate,
sharply serrate, acute at the apex, sessile, cor-
date-claspii!g at the base, yi'-i' long; pedun-
cles slender, shorter than or exceeding the
leaves; bractlets and calyx-segments foliaceous,
entire or dentate, one-third to one-half as long
as the yellow or purplish corolla; flowers 5"-
6" long; sterile filaments 2, capitate at the sum-
mit; anther-sacs of the fertile stamens trans-
verse, separated by the broad connective; cap-
sule subglobose, shorter than the calyx.
Ill brooks and swamps, Kentucky to CiCorRia
and Nortli Carolina, in and near the mountains.
May-Sept.
FIGWORT FAMILY
163
5. Gratiola pildsa Michx. Hairy
I ledge- Hyssop. (Fig. 3279.)
Graliola pilosa Miclix. I'l. Bor. Am. i: 7.
1803.
rereni.ial (?), hirsute; stems slender, erect,
strict, simple, or branched, 6'-2° high. Leaves
ovate or ovflte-lanceolatc, dentate or denticulate,
sessile, acute or obtusish at the apex, rounded,
truncate or subcordate at the base, yi'-i' long;
flowers nearly or quite sessile, commonly nu-
merous, about 4" long; corolla purplish or
white, slightly longer than the caljx and bract-
lets; sterile filaments 2, capitate at the summit;
anther-sacs of the fertile stamens parallel, con-
tiguous; capsule oblong-conic, acuminate, about
the length of the calyx, or shorter.
In dry soil, southern New Jcrst-y to Arkansas and
Texas. JIay-Aug.
15. ILYSANTHES Raf. Ann. Xat. 13. 1820.
Annual or biennial glabrous slender branching herbs, with opposite, mostly dentate and
sessile leaves, and small purplish pcduncled flowers solitary in the axils. Peduncles not
bracteolate. Calyx 5-parted, the segments linear. Corolla irregular, the tube somewhat ex-
panded above, the limb 2-Hpped; upper lip 2-cleft, erect; lower lip larger, 3-lobed, spread-
ing. Fertile stamens 2, included, their anther-sacs divergent; sterile stamens 2, 2-lobed,
one of the lobes capitate, glandular, the other glabrous, shorter. Style slender; stigma
slightly 2-lobed. Capsule oblong or ovoid, septicidally dehiscent. Seeds numerous,
■wrinkled. [Greek, nuul-flower. ]
About ID species, of wide frengraphic distribution. Besides the followingf, 2 or 3 others occur
in the southeastern I'nited St.ites.
Peduncles lonpcr llian the leaves; calyx seRments shorter than the capsule. i. /. jjralioloides.
Peduncles shorter than the leaves; caiyx-segnients mostly as long as the capsule, or longer.
2. /. alien iiala.
I. Ilysanthes gratioloides (L.) Benth. Long-stalked False Pimpernel.
(Fig. 3280.)
Cafiiariii gialiohiides I...Sp. PI. Kd.2, S;6. 1763.
I/j'sanl/irx >-i/>aria Kaf. .^nn. Nat. 13. 1820.
Ilysanlliesffralioloidfs Bentli. in DC. Prodr. 10:
419. iS.|6.
Stem slender, mostly erect, at length dif-
fusely branched, s'-S' long. Leaves ovate,
ovate-oblong, or the lower obovate, sessile,
or slightly clasping at the base, remotely
denticulate or entire, obtuse or acutish at
the apex, thickish, 3-7-nerved, ^^'-I'long,
the upper ones commonly much smaller;
peduncles slender, considerably exceeding
the leaves; flowers y'-^" long; calyx-scg-
mcnts linear, about one-half the length of
the corolla, shorter than the capsule; cap-
sule narrowly ovoid-oblong, bluntish,2"-3'''
high; seeds i" long, reddish, the ends usu-
ally truncate.
In wet places. New Kngland to Florida, west
to Ontario, Minnesota and Texas. Also on the
Pacific Coast. Said to occur in northeastern
Asia, in South America, and to be naturalized
in ICurope. Lower leaves souietinics short peti-
oled. July-Sept.
I
■> 1 "'■.W.-»^V>»^W
vSCROl'IUKARIACHAE.
[Vol. III.
2. Ilysanthes attenuata (Miihl.) Siimll.
Short-stalked I''alse Pimpernel.
(I'iK. 3281.)
I.indonia allfininia Miilil. Cat. ,<jO- 'Si.l-
//\\iiii//ifs i;i(ilioliiidfs (iirliptdiiellala Hush, Hull.
Torr. Clrb, 21 .191. iS<)(.
/. allenuala Siiiall, Hull. Torr. Club, 23: 297. 1896.
.Stfiii erect or asccndiiin;, 3'- 16' lotiK, the
Iiraiiclies spreading. I.eave.s oMoiig to ovate, or
soiiietinies ohovate, yi'-i'/i' long, thiiinish, ob-
tuse, serrate with a few low teeth, ^-s-nerved, nar-
rowed into short j)etioles, or sessile; peduncles
shorter than the leaves; calyx-segments linear-
suhulate, as Ion}{ as the capsule, or lonfjer; cor-
olla 2" 6" loufj; capsule narrowly ovoid, about
2" loiifj, pointed; seeds slij;htly curved, i/2"-2'''
long, yellowish brown, the ends usually rounded.
Ill wit places, Maine and Ontario to Wisconsin,
south lo I'lorid.i ami Missouri. Ascends to 2oi*> ft.
in Virginia. May I )cl.
16. MICRANTHEMUM Michx. Fl. IJor. Am. i: 10. />/. rj. 1S03.
Creeping or ascendin;.;, branched small leafy annual gl.ibrous herbs, with opposite obo-
vate oval or orbicular sessile < 'tire leaves, and minute white or purjilish short-pedniuled
flowers, solitary in the a.vils. Caly.x 4-5 lobed or 4-5-parlcd. Corolla very irregular, the
lube short, the upper li|) shorter than the lower, or wanting, the lower .^-lobed, sprea<lingor
a.scendiiig, the middle lobe the largest. Slameiis 2, anterior; filaments short, somewhat
dil.ateil or appendaged at the base; anthers small, their sacs distinct, ])arallel, or slightly
divergent. St\le short; stigma 2lobcil. Capsule globose, 2-cclled by a membranous parti-
tion or becoming i-celled. .Seeds numerons, minute. [Creek, small llowcr.]
About 16 species, natives of America. Iksidcs the foUowinj;. another occurs in the sonlhcril
I'liitcd States.
I. Micranthemum micranthemoides (Xutt.) Wettst. Xiittall'.s Micran-
tlieimim. ( Fi^. 3^^^-.)
/ffmi(iii//iii.si>ii(ia>i//ieiiii>ii/tsS\M. Jotirn. .Acad. I'hil.
I: 119 />/. 6. 1S17.
Miciaiillinnuni .\'H//(;////.\.Ciray,M 111 l/l. s. .lU- 1^07.
Atiiraiillirniinii iiiii laiit/u-nmiiti-i Wettst. in iCntjl. >t
I'rantl. .Nat. I'd. I'ani. 4: Abt. .^b. 77. iS()i.
Sotiiewliat fleshy; stem filiform, creeping, the
branches ascending, '/;'-2'i' high. Leaves obo-
vate to oval, obtuse, l"-2|2" long; flowers about
'/i" long, borne on peduncles of about the same
length; calyx cani))anulate in flower, obovoid in
fruit, 4-lobed, usually split along one side; pedun-
cles recurved in fruit; upper lip of the corolla
nearly obsolete; middle lobes ol the lower lip
longer than the lateral ones; appendages at the
bases of the stamens ncaily as long as the fila-
ments; stigma of ;■ subulate lobes; capsule obo-
void-globose, J4" in diameter, as long as the calyx.
In tidal mud. New Jersey to I'lorida. Also in Cuba.
Aug.-Oct.
17. LIMOSELLA L. Sp. PI. 63 1. 1753.
Low glabrous succulent floating or creeping, tufted annual herbs(or perennial by stolons?),
with flliforni stems rooting at their nodes, basal slen<lerj)ctioled entire lca«'es, and filiform
l-flowcred scape-like pe<luncles, the flowers small, white, pink, o' purple. Cal>x campanu-
late, S-lobed. Corolla nearly regular, open-campanulate, the tube short, the limb 5-cleft.
Stamens 4, inserted on the corolla-tube, scarcely exserted; filaments short; anther-sacs con-
fluent. Style .short; stigma capitate. Ovary 2-celled at the base, i-celled above. Capsule
globose or oblong, becoming i-celle<l, many-seeded. [Greek, mud seated.]
About 6 species, of wide geoKraphic distribution.
Leaves expanded above into iin oblong or linear-obloni; blade. 1. /.,. aqnalica.
Ijcaves fdiform-linear, with little or no distinction between blade and petiole. 2. /,. Icnuifolia.
Vol.. III.]
riGVVORT FAMILY.
>65
US?),
form
anu-
;left.
con-
jsule
tea.
''olia.
I. Limosella aquStica 1,. Mudweetl. Miidwort. (Fig. 3283.)
Litiiosflla aiiiialha I,. Sp. I'l. 631. i/S.v
Leaves l'-,s' lot))!;, the blade oblong,
liiienr-oblong, or spatulate, olituse, one-
foiirtli or one-third as long as the filirorm
petiole. Peduncles shorter than the
leaves, arising with the petioles from the
base of the plant or from Jiodt-s of the
creei)ingor floating stem; corolla pink or
white, about l" broad, scarcely longer
than the calyx; calyx lobes ovate, acute
or acutish, al)Out the length of the tube;
stiiincns inserted high upon the corolla-
tube; fdanieuts son)cwhat longer than the
(iiUhers; capsule globose or oblong-glo-
bose, obtuse, I'/z" high, longer than the
calyx.
Oil tiiiulily shiires and in brooks, I.iibrador
ami Hudson liavtotlii' Noitluvisl Tirritoty,
soiilli ill llic Kocky >b»iiilailis to Colorado,
ami ill till- Siirra .N'lvada to Caliloniia. Also
ill i;iiid]u', Australia and .Soulli America.
June Aug.
2. Limosella tenuifolia HoITtii.
Narrow- leavc'il .Miuhvort.
(Fij,'. 32S4.)
l.iniosflla loiui/alia IIolTiii Diiitscli. I'M. 29. I*(i(.
Limosella atislralis k. llr. I'idilr. I'l. Nov. IIoU. i:
44.5. 1810.
Similar to the preceding species, but usually
smaller, the leaves seldoni over xH' high, lincar-
filiform, with no disliiiclion between blade and
petiole, or scinelimes slightly expanded toward
the apex.
In brackisli mud, Labrador to N'cw Jersey. Also
in ICurope, Australia and .Soulli .\meric.i The-
plant is very closely related to llie iiieeudiiig si)e
cies, and is regarded by many autliors a>* a varii ty
of it. Hilt its local geo(;ri,|)liic di^'ril)ntion is
consideiably different, and the leaf eli iraeleis as
given above appear to be eoiislanl. Summer.
18. WULFENIA Jacq. Misc. 2: 60. />/. S. ifSi.
ISv.NTllVKis lienth. in DC. I'rodr. 10: 4,=; t. 1.S46.]
Perennial herbs, with thick rootsto. ks, simple erect stems, large petioled basal leaves,
those of the stem much smaller, alternate, sessile, or clasping, bractlikc. I'lowers small, pink
or purple, in terminal den.se elongated spikes or racemes. Calyx 4-5-parted, the segments
oblong or linear. Corolla oblong or canip.uiiilatc, 2-4-lobed, or parteil, or wanting, the
lateral lobes, when present, exterior in the bud. Stamens 2 (occasionally 4), posterior, in-
serted on the corolla, or on the outer side of the hyjiogynous disk, exserted; filaments slen-
der; anther sacs parallel or divergent, not confluent. Ovary 2-cclled or rarely 3-celled;
style filiform; stigma capitate. Capsule compressed, obtuse, or emarginate, many-seeded,
loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds Hat, oval, or orbicular. [Named for Rev. Francis Xavicr
Wulfen, botanical author, died 1804.]
About 10 species, natives of North America and ICuroiic.
Corolla present, usually 2-lobed.
Corolla none.
1. fK ffouf^/i/oriiaiia.
2. M^ rubra.
1 66
SCROPIIULARIACRAR.
[Vol..
X. Wulfenia Houghtoni^na ( Heiith. ) Greene.
Houghton's Wulfenia. (Fig. 3:1^5.)
Svuthvris Ifout^hloiiiana Hoiitli. in DC. I'rudr. lo: .(5}.
' iH|6.
]l'iil/'rnia lIoi(f;liloniaiia Greene, JCrytliea, J: 85. 1^9).
Pubescent; stem stout, \°-3'/i° hijjli. Basal leaves
ovate or orbicular, rounded at the ape.\, truncate, cor-
date or rcniforni at the base, crcnulate all around, i's'
loiiK, 5-7-nervcd, petioled, the petiole usually shorter
than the blade; stem leaves small, li'-i' long, sessile
or slightly clasping, creuulate, obtuse, or acute, pass-
ing gradually into the bracts of the dense spike; flowers
greenish yellow, 1"-}," long; corolla present, variously
2-4-lobed (comnionly 2-lobed), somewhat longer than
the calyx, its lobes obtuse, the stamens inserted on its
base; spike much elongated in fruit; capsule einargin-
ate, slightly exceeding the calyx.
On dry prairies, Indiana ti) Minnesota, Michigan anri
Iowa. May-July.
2. Wulfenia rubra (Hook.) Greene. Western
Wulfenia. (Fig. 3286.)
Gvmiiandra itibta Hook. I'l. Bor. Anier. 3: 103. pi. lys.
Svnilivlis iiihia Uenth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 455. 1846.
U'lil/i'nia rubra (Ireenc, Ivrythea, 1: 83. 1S94.
Similar to the preceding species but lower, pube.s-
cent or tomeutose, seldom over 1° high. Basal leaves
ovate or oblong, obtuse or acute at the apex, narrowed,
truncate or cordate at the ba.se, I'/i'-i' long, crennlatc,
petioled, indistinctly nerved; stem leaves ovate or
lanccolHtc, acute, sessile, creuulate, or entire, '4'-^'
long; spike very dense, i'-2' long in flower, 2'-5' long
in fruit, its bracts purplish; corolla none; stamens in-
serted on the outer side of the hypogynous disk; cap-
sule little compressed, emarginate, slightly longer than
the calyx.
In dry soil. Northwest Territory to Nebraska, west to
liritish Columbia and I'tali. May-June.
19. VERONICA L. Sp. PI. 9. 1753.
Annual or perennial herbs (some exotic species shrubs or trees), with opposite and alter-
nate, rarely verlicillale leaves, and mostly small blue purple pink or white flowers, terminal
or axillary, racemose, spicate, or solitary. Cal\ x mostly 4-parted, sometimes 5parted, the
segments olilong or ovate. Corolla rotate, its tube very short, deeply and more or less un-
equally 4-lobcd (rarely 5-lobed) the lower lobe commonly the narrowest. Stamens 2, diver-
gent, inserted on either side aad at the base of the upper corolla-lobe; anthers obtuse, their
sacs couflucnt at the summit; iilaments slender. Ovary 2-celled; style slender; stigma
capitate; ovules few or numerous in each cavity. Capsule more or less compressed, some-
times very flat, emarginate, obcordate, or 2-k)bed, loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds smooth or
rough, flat, plano-convex, or excavated on tlie inner side. [Named for St. Veronica.]
About 200 species, of wide geographic distribution. Besides the following, 3 others occur in
northwest .\nieriea.
•/• Flowers racemose in the axils of the leaves, bracteolate.
Glabrous, or minutely glandular above ( No. 3 rarely hairy ) ; brook or swamp plants.
I<eaves ovate, oval, oblong, or oblong-laneeol.ite: capsule compressed.
Stem leaves sessile, partly clasping, serrulate or entire. 1. I
All the leaves petioled, serrate.
Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate; capsule very flat.
Pubescent, dry soil plants; leaves crenale or dent.ite.
Leaves oval or obovate, petioled; pedicels shorter than the calyx.
Leaves ov.'ite, nearly or quite .sessile; pedicels longer than tlie calyx.
.1 iias:allisaiitiatiia.
2. /'. Aiiti'n'cdna.
3. I', sciilellala.
4. /'. qlficiiialis.
5. I'. Clianiaedrys.
V; -X- Flowers in terminal spikes or racemes, or solitary in the axils.
Flowers in terminal spikes.
Leaves all sessile; capsule elliptic, emarginate. 6. V. a/phia.
Lower leaves petioled; capsule orbicular, obcordate. 7. K scrpylli/olia.
Flowers solitary in most of the axils; peduncles shorter than the leaves.
IJrect; glabrous or glandular; capsule emarginate. 8. V. peregrina.
DilTuse; pubescent; capsule obcordate. 9. V. arvensis.
Vol,. III.]
I'lGWORT FAMII.,Y.
167
10 /'. Its' res/is.
11. /'. Ilv:anlina.
12. / '. hedetaefolia.
Water Pimpernel.
Flowers solitary in Ihc axils; jK'diinclts as li)ii(f as the leaver, i>r longer.
Leaves ovatr or obloiiK. cri'iiatf or (U ntate.
Corolla not loniifr than tlii' calyx; capsnle narrowly eniar);inatc.
Corolla longer than the ealy\; cai)SHle broadly cniarginate.
Leaves orbicular, or broader, v.Sb'bed or crenate.
I. Veronica Anagallis-aquatica L. Water Speedwell.
(Fig. 3287.)
I 'i' 10 III 111 Anagallisa<iiialiia I,. Sp. I'l. iz. 175,5.
Perennial by stolons or leafy shoots developed in
nutiinin; stem rather stout, glabrous, or nlfiwilular-
puberulcnt above, erect or decumbent, often root-
ing at the lower nodes, usually branched, l°-3°
hi>»h. Leaves of sterile autumn shoots orbicular
to obovate, obtuse, serrulate, narrowed into mar-
gined petioles, those of the flowering stems ovate,
oblong, or lanceolate, sessile and more or less clasp-
ing or the lowest short- petioled, serrulate or en-
tire, I ^-^'-4' long, ,'+'-2' wide; racemes peduncled,
borne in most of the axils, 2'-^' long; bractlets
shorter than or exceeding the pedicels; flowers
blue, or purplish striped, 2" broad; capsule com-
pressed, not very flat, nearly orbicular, 2-lobed,
emarginate, i)4"high; seeds flat.
In brooks and fwainps, Nova .Scotia to British Co-
lumbia, south to eastern VirKiiiia, Nebraska and New Mexico. Also in ICurope and Asia. The
plant of the Atlantic Coast appears as if introduced, .\scends to (000 ft. in Virtfinia. May-Sept.
2. Veronica Americana Schwein. American Brookliiiie. (Fig. 3288.)
I'eronica Americana .Schwein.; Bentb. in DC. Prodr. 10:
4»'>S. isjf).
Similar to the preceding species, perennial by sto-
lons or leafy shoots, glabrous throughout; stem de-
cumbent, usually branched, rooting at the lower nodes,
6'-3° long. Leaves oblong, ovate or oblong-lanceo-
late, all distinctly petioled, sharply serrate, truncate,
rounded, or subcordate at the base, obtuse or ncutish
at the apex, l'-3' long, ]^'-l' wide; racemes pedun-
cled, borne in most of the axils, loose, elongated,
sometimes 6' long; bractlets shorter than the pedi-
cels; flower bine or nearly white, usually striped with
purple, 2" broad; capsule nearly orbicular, compressed,
but not very flat, emarginate, 1)4" high; seeds flat.
In brooks and swamps, .\nticosti to Alaska, south to
rennsylvania. Nebraska, New Mexico and California.
Ascends to 2(*» It. in the Catskills. April-Sept.
3. Veronica scutellata L. Marsh or Skull-
cap vSpecd well. (Fig. 3289).
I'i'ioiiica sciilflliila I,. Sp. I'l. 12. ^~^^■
Glabrous, or very sparingly pubescent, rarely (piite
hairy, perennial by leafy shoots or stolons; stems slen-
der, decumbent, or ascending, Icafy.siinple or branched,
commonly rooting at the lower nodes, 6'-2° high.
Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, sessile and slightly
clasping, remotely denticulate, acute, I '-3' long, l"-
3" wide; racemes borne in nearly all the axils, or only
in the alternate ones, equalling or longer than the
leaves; bractlets much shorter than the filiform spread-
ing pedicels; flowers blue, 2"-3" broad; capsule broad- \/f^,
cr than high, very flat, deeply emarginate at the sum- '^\
uiit, slightly so at the base, 2"'-2>^" broad; seeds flat.
In swamps, Labrador to British Columbia, south to
southern New York, Minnesota and California. Also in
Kurope and Asia. May Sept.
SCROI'HULARIACICAK.
[Vol,. III.
4. Veronica officinsklis L. Common Speed-
well. Fluelliii. (Fig. 3290.)
Veiitnica officinalis h. Sp. V\. 11. 175.V
rereniiiul bv stolons, pubescent all over; stem as-
cending, 3'-io' liij;b. Leaves oblong, oval, or ol)0-
vate, petioleil, ','-2' lon)^, obtuse at llic apex, serrate,
narrowetl into the petioles; racemes spikelike,narrow,
dense, eloii>>atcd, often borne only in alternate axils,
much longer than the leaves; subulate bractlets and
tliccalvx loiij^cr than the pedicels; flowers pale l)luc,
2"-;," broad; capsule obovate-cnneatc, compressed,
broadly emarginatc, 2" high, iji" broad; seeds
numerous, fli.t.
In dry fiilds and wnods, Nova Scutia to Ontario and
IMirliltiaii, south In Noilh Carolina and Ti iimssie. As-
i( lids lo -,!»«) II in \ir>;inia. Also in linvopt- and Asia.
.Aplirars, in luo-t plaits, as if inlroihici'il. Calkil also
I'anl's lUloiiy, I'lronnil licluand IplandSpCfdwcll. May -
•Aug.
5. Veronica Chamaedrys I,. Cicrmander Siieedwell. (Fig. 3291.)
I'riouiia i'luiiiiiicdi \\ I,. Sp. I'l.
1 r.\v
Perennial; sleni ascending, siin]dc or branch-
ed, slt-ndur, pubescent in two lines, .['-12'
high. Leaves ovale, sessile, or very nearly
80, pubescent, truncate, rounded or cordate
at the base, incised-dentate, obtuse at the
apex, Iz'-x^i' long; racemes borne in oppo-
site or alternate axils, pedunclcd, more or
less pubescent, loose, 2'-6' long; jiedicels
fdiform, longer that the Ci-.lyx an<l usually
longer than the bractlets; flowers light blue,
3"-4" broad; cajisulc obcordatc, narrowed at
the base; seeds numerous, flaltish.
In I'lclds and waste i>laccs, Nov.i Scotia and
Quebec to southirn Ni w York and I'cnnsylvaiiia.
Naturalized from Ivniope. Other ICtmlisii nanus
are lilue I'^ye, ICyebriKlit. Ansel's ICyes, Hod's
Kye, liird's ICye, Cat's ICye, liase Vervain, I'oVKet
nie-not. May July.
6. Veronica alpina I^. Alpine Speed-
well. (Fig. 3292.)
reioiiica al/>iiia L. Sp. I'l. 11. 17,^,^.
Perennial, pubescent or nearly glabrous; stems
ascending or erect, slender, usually simple, 2'-i2'
high. Leaves oblong, ovate, or elliptic, sessile,
mostly rounded at both ends, crenulate or entire,
yi'-\' long; flowers in a short narrow raceme at
the end of the stem, light blue, 1"-}," broad;
pedicels shorter than the calyx in flower, much
shorter than the bractlets, i"-}," long iu fruit;
capsule ellipsoid or slightly obovoid, moderately
compressed, emarginatc, 2"-^" high; seeds nu-
merous, flattish.
Labrador; mountains of Quebec and New Ivn^land
to Alaska, south in the Kocky Mountains to Colorado
and in the Sierra Nevada to Nevada. Summer.
Vor,. III.]
7-
I'KIWORT FAMILY.
Veronica serpyllifdlia I,. Thymc-
IcavL'd vSiKjcdwell. (I'ig. 3293.)
I'frotiiiit se> fiyllifvlia I,. Sji. I'l. \2. 175,5.
i'rreiinial , pul)criilent or nliil)rous; stems slcniler,
•lecutnlKMit, hraiicheil, the liniiu'lits HSCcndiiiK or
erect, 2'- 10' hij^li. Leaves all oppDsite and petiolecL
or tlif uppirinosl sessile, i>l>Ioiin, oval, or ovate,
)i'-)i' loiiff, cretiiiliitc or entire; (lowers in slioit
spicatc racemes at the end of tlie stem anil liraiiclies;
pedicels e(|ualliii|; or lon).;er tliaii the calyx, usu-
ally shorter than the hractlets; corolla pale liluc
with darker stripes,somelimcs\vliite,al)()Ut 2" broad;
capsule hroailcr Ihuii hi>;h, liroiidly ohcordate or
cinar^iuate at the summit, ahont \" 1oM}{, ahout
e(iuaUiiig the calyx; seeds Hat, niimerou.s.
Iti fitlils and tliiiktts, I.ahrailur to .\laska, south to
CiKHcia. New Mtxii'o ;incl C:ilifoinia. Also in ICiirojic,
Asia :iml Soutli .\nuiiia. Ascends to 2600 ft. in the
Catskills. .\|)iil .\iiK.
8. Veronica peregrina L. I'lir.slatie vSi>eecl-
wdl. Neckweed. (Im^. 32(j4. )
I'fioiiiiii ftiiixi ilia L. Sp. V\. i 1. 175 f.
.Annual, j^lahrous, or nlaudular-i)nl)erulcnt; stem
erect or ascen<lin),', simple or branched, 3'-i2' high.
Leaves oblonjr oval, linear or sli).;htly spatulate,
y -H)" loiiK, obtuse or acutish, tlie lowest opposite,
shortpetioled, or sessile, broader than the ujijier and
usually <lenticulate, the upjier alternate, sessile, mostly
entire, each with n shortpedic died flower in its axil;
flowers nearly white, about 1" broad; peilicels much
shorter than the calyx; capsule nearly orbicular, oh-
cordate, usually a little shorter than the calyx, i"-
i/'j" 1''k''> many-seeded, the seeds flat.
In nuiist i)laces, and common as a weed in cultivated
soil, Nova Scotia to Drilish Columbia, south to I'lorida,
Mexico and California. .Mso in Centr.il and South .\nier-
ua, and distributed as a weed in the Old World. Jlay-
( )ct.
9. Veronica arvensis Tv. Corn or
Wall Speedwell. (I^'ig. 3295.)
I'etonira ai zYiiiis I,. Sp. I'l. ij. 175,5.
Annual, pubescent; stem slender, at first sim-
ple and erect, at length much branched and
din"use, 3'-io' long. Lower leaves ovate or
oval, opposite, obtuse at both ends, crenate or
crenulate, j'^-^i" long, the lowest petioled;
upper leaves sessile, alternate, ovate or lanceo-
late, acute or acutish, commonly entire, each
with a short pcdicelled minute flower iu its
axil; pedicels shorter than the calyx; corolla
blue, or nearly white, 1" broad or less; capsule
broadly obovate, obcordate, 1" high.
In fields, woods and waste places and in culti-
vated soil, Nova Scotia toOntaiioand Minnesota,
south to Florida, Kansas and Texas. Also in Ber-
muda. Naturalized from Uurope. Native also of
Asia. March-Sept.
I
170
SCROrini.AUIACHAH.
[Vol,. III.
10. Veronica agrestis I,. I'r()cii!n1)ent,
iMclil or Garden SpeL'dwell. ( I'iK- ,i2'jC>.)
I'ttdiiNd ii);ifsli\ I,. Sp. rl. IV 17s I.
Aiiniml, piihescciit; stems creeping «>r procum-
bent, very slender, bnmrlicil, 3'-S' long, the
branches ascendinKorspreailiiiK, Leaves broadly
ovate or ovnl, obtnse at the apex, rounded, truncate
or snbcordatc at the base, crenatc, nil sliort-peli-
oled, or the uppermost sessile, the lowest opposite,
the upper alternate and each with a slendcr-pe-
dutirled smalt blue flower iti its axil; peduncles
eijuallinK or longer than the leaves; corolla not
excecdiuK the calyx; capsule broader than high,
compressed, l)ut not very flat, narrowly cmarginate
at the summit, i" high, 2" broad; seeds few, hol-
lowed out on the inner side.
In lielils and waste places, Nova Scotia to New Jer-
sey and Louisiana. Naturalized from ICuropc. Native
also of Asia. Otiirr IvnKlish names arc Germander
Cliickwccd and Winter weed. May-Sept.
XI. Veronica Byzantina (vSihth. i*t Smith) H.vS P.
Byzantine Speedwell. (I'ifi. ,1297.
I'l-roniraai^rfs/isvnr. Hvsanlina Sibtli. iS: Smith,
l'"l. C.raec. l: />/. .V. iS(i*).
/'. /;«.r/'n//w//7Ten()re, I'l. Nap. i: 7. />/./. iSii.
»'. l!y:aHlina U.S. P. I'rel. Cat. N. Y. 40. 1888.
Annual, pubescent; stems din"uscly branched,
spreading or ascending, 6'-i5' long. leaves
ovate or oval, short-petioled, obtuse or acut-
ish, sometimes narrowed at the base, crenate-
dentate or somewhat incised, 4"- 12" long, the
lowest opposite, the upper all alternate and
each with a sicnder-peduncled rather large
blue flower in its axil; peduncles filiform,
as long as the leaves or longer; corolla exceed-
ing the calyx, 3"-4" broad; capsule twice as
broad as high, 3" broad, with a wide and shallow
emargination at the summit; seeds few or sev-
eral, hollowed out on the inner side.
In waste places. Nova Scotia to soulliern New
York. Adventive or naturalized from lUirope.
Native also of .Xsi.i. Also calleil Hird's Ivye and
Cat's ICye. .May Sept.
lUtxbauin's Speedwell.
12. Veronica hederaefolia \^.
Ivy-leaved Speedwell. (Fig. 3298.)
I'eronica hedrraefolia I,. Sp. I'l. 13. 175.1.
Annual, pubescent; stems slender, diffusely
branched, 3'-iS' long. Leaves orbicular or
broader, truncate or subcordate at the base,
3-5-lobed or 3-5-crenate, petioled, ]i'-\' in
diameter, the lower opposite, the upper all
alternate and with slender peduncled small
blue flowers in their axils; peduncles filiform,
often longer than the leaves; corolla 2"
broad, scarcely longer than the calyx; capsule
little compressed, 2-lobed, broader than high,
shorter than the densely ciliate sepals, 2-4-
seeded; seeds excavated on the iuucr side.
In thickets, fields and waste places, soulliern
New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Nat-
uralized from ICurope. Native also of Asia.
April-Oct. Other names are Ivy-Chickweed,
Motherof-Wheat, Small Henbit, Winter-weed,
and Murgeline.
Vol.. HI.]
I'm WORT FAMII.V.
171
ao. LEPTANDRA Nutt. Cell. I: 7. 1818.
Tall stout crert pt-reiiniiil lierlx, with verticitl.ite or opposite leaves, and small minutely
brai-ted white* or him.- flowers, in <lense pcdunclcil spike-like rarcmes, terminal, or in the
upper axils. Calyx 4-parteil, short. Corolla tubular, or salverforni, nearly regular, 4-lol)e<l,
the tube cylinilric, lonxer than the lohes. Stamens 2, exserteil, inserted low down on the
corolla-tnlie; filaments filirorm; anthers obtuse, short. Style about as long as the stamens,
stigma minute. Capsule narrowly ovoid, scarcely compressed, not einarginatc nor obcor-
date, 4valved at the apex. Seeds numerous, oval, minutely reticulated. [Greek, slender
stamens, rcferrin>{ to the filaments.]
Two spfcies, I native of casttrii Nortli .Vtiierii a, tlic other of nortlieastcrn Asia,
X. Leptandra Virginica (L.) Nutt.
Culver's-root. ( Fig. 3299. )
I'fiiiitiia I'iririiiiiii I,. Sp. PI. g. 1753,
J.ef>laiiit>a I'ir^'hiha Nutt, Gen, 1:7, 1818.
Stem glabrous, or very nearly so, simple, strict, 2°-
7° high. Leaves verticillatc in ,^'s-9's or some of the
uppermost opposite, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
short-petioled, long-acuminate at the apex, sharply
serrulate, narrowed at the base, pinnately veined, gla-
brous both sides,or pubescent beneath, 3'-6' long, |4'-
i 'wide; spike like racemes several or rarely solitary, •^'-
;>'long, very dense, the terminal one first developing;
])edicels and bractlets about as long as the calyx; calyx-
segments ovate-lanceolate, acute; corolla tubular, white
or bluish, 2" long; capsule ovoid-oblong, i"-i>^"
lon){, 3'3 times as long as the calyx.
Ill iiuadows, moist woods and thickets, Nova Scotia to
Ilritish Columliin, south to Alabama, Missouri, and Ne-
braska. .Ascends to lyixy ft. in VirRinia. Called also
lilack-root and Culver's I'hysic. June-Sept.
ai. DIGITALIS L. vSp. PI. 621. 1753.
Tall biennial or perennial herbs, the stems simple, or branched at the base, with alter-
nate dentate or entire leaves, and lar^e showy purple yellowish or white flowers, in long ter-
minal commonly i-sided racemes. Calyx sparted, the segments imbricate<l. Corolla de-
clined, somewhat irregular, the tube contracted above the ovary, then rather abruptly
expanded, longer than the 4-5-lobed slightly 2-lipped limb; upper lip broadly emarginate or
2-cleft; lower lip 3-lobed, the middle lobe largest, the lateral ones exterior in the bud.
Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending, mo.stly included; anthers approximate in pairs. Style
slender; stigma 2lobed. Capsule ovoid, septicidally dehiscent. Seeds numerous, rugose.
[Latin, digilatt', the finger of a glove, which the flowers resemble.]
About 20 species, natives of ICurope and Asia.
1. Digitalis purpurea I,. Purple Fox-
glove. Thimbles. Fairy Cap. (Fig. 3300.)
Digilalis t>urpHiea I,. Sp. I'l. 6ji. 175,5.
Usually biennial, pubescent; stem stout, erect,
2°-5° high. Dasal and lower leaves ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, 6'-io' long, slender pctioled,
acute at the apex, narrowed at the base, dentate;
upper leaves similar, smaller, sessile; racemes 1°
long or more, dense, 1 -sided; flowers purple,
i'/i'-2' long, drooping; upper calyx-segment
narrower than the four other foliaceous ones;
corolla spotted within.
Cape Hretoii Island, apparently naturalized from
ICurope (according^ to Jtacoun); sparingly escaped
from cultivation. June-AuR. Among some 60 linjf-
lish names are Folk's-Rlove [by corruption Fox-
fjlovc], /. e., Fairy 's-glove, F'airytliimbles, -finders,
■weed, Fairy Hells, I'op-dock or -Rlove, Kabbit's-
llower. Cottagers, I.ion's Mimtli, Scotcli Mercury,
Throatwort, Lady-fingers, glove, -thimble.
: J4
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(716) 872-4503
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SCROPHULARIACEAE.
[Vol, III.
22. BUCHNERA L. Sp. PI. 630. 1753.
Erect, perennial or biennial, simple or branched, strict hispid or scabrous herbs, black-
ening in drying, the lower leaves opposite, the upper sometimes alternate. Elowers rather
large, white, blue, or purple, in dense termiual bracted spikes, the lower commonly distant.
Calyx tubular, or oblong, 5-10-ucrvcd, 5-tootlied. Corolla salverform, its tube cylindric,
somewhat curved, its limb deeply and nearly equally 5-cleft, spreading, the lateral lobes ex-
terior in the bud. Stamens 4, didynanious; anther-sacs conHuent into i. Style slender,
thickened or chibshapcd above; stigma small, entire or emarginate. Capsule oblong or
ovoid, loculicidally dchi.scent. Seeds numerous, reticulated. [Named for J. G. Buchncr.]
About 30 species, natives of warm and tenipcr.itc rcRions. Besides the following, another oc-
curs in the .southern United Slates.
I. Buchnera Americana L,. Blue-hearts.
(^'ig- 3301.)
Buchnera Americana I<. Sp. PI. (i^o. 175.?.
Hispid and rough; stem slender, stiff, i°-2,!2° high.
Leaves usually all opposite, prominently veined, the
lowest obovate or oblong, obtuse, narrowed into very
short petioles, the middle ones oblong or oblong-lan-
ceolate, dentate, obtuse or acute at the apex, narrowed
at the base, sessile, the ujjper lanceolate or liuear-laii-
ceolatc, entire or nearly so; spike peduncled, d'-xo"
long in fruit, the flowers mostly opposite, nearly i'
long; bractlets shorter than the calyx; calyx strigose;
corolla purple, its lobes obovate, obtuse, },"-\" broad;
capsule ovoid, slightly oblique, 4" high, a little longer
than the calvx.
In sandy or gravelly soil, New Jersey to western New
York and Minnesota, south to Virginia, Louisiana and Ar-
kansas. June-Sept.
23-
1796.
(f:'l
AFZELIA J. G. Gmel. Sy.st. Nat. 2: 927.
[Skymkria Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 736. 1814.]
Erect stout branched annual or perennial herbs, mostly with opposite leaves, at least the
lower i-2-pinnately parted or dissected, aud yellow flowers solitary in tlic axils, or in ter-
minal bracted spikes or racemes. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft or 5-parted. Corolla slightly
irregular, campanulate or rotate, the tube short, broad, the limb 5-lobed, the lower lobe ex-
terior in the bud. Stamens 4, slightly unequal, scarcely or not at all exserted; filaments
short, villous, at least near the base; anthers 2-cclled, the sacs parallel, distinct. vStyle short
or sletuler. Capsule globose or ovoid, acute and more or less compressed at the summit.
Seeds numerous, reticulated. [Named for .\dani .'Vf/.elius, 1750-1S12, botanical professor at
Upsala. ]
About 10 species, natives of North America, Mexico aud JIadagascar. Besides the fono\.'ing,
4 others inhabit the southern I'nited States.
1. Afzelia macrophylla (Nutt.) Kuntze. Mullen Foxglove. (Fig. 3302.)
Si'vnieria macrophyUa Nutt. Gen. 2; 49. 181S.
(,'irardia macrophyUa Benth. Coinp. Bot. Mag. i:
205. iS3,S-
./. macrophylla Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 457. 1S91.
Annual (?), puberulent or glabrate; stem
sparingly branched, or simple, 4°-6° high.
Lower leaves long-pctioled, pinnatcly parted,
6'-i5' long, their segments lanceolate, coarsely
dentate, irregularly incised, or pinnatifid; upper
leaves short-petioled or sessile, oblong or lanceo-
late, i'-3' long, entire, obtuse or acutish at the
apex, narrowed at the base, each with a sessile
flower in its axil; flowers ^"-^" long; calyx-
lobes lanceolate or ovate, acute, about as long as
the tube; corolla light yellow, 2-3 times as long
as the calyx, woolly in the throat; style short,
club-shaped; capsule globose-ovoid, 2,"-\" high,
twice as long as the calyx.
In moist thickets and iilong streams, Ohio to
Iowa and Nebraska, south to Kentucky and Texas.
Aug.-Oct.
i '.uniit!
Vol.. III.]
FIGWORT FAMILY.
173
24. DASYSTOMA Raf. Journ. Phys. 89: 99. 1819.
Larjje erect simple or branched, glaiulular-puherulent, pubescent or glabrous, annual
or perennial lierbs, partly parasitic on the roots of other plants, with opposite or some
alternate leaves, and large showy yellow flowers, in terminal mostly leafy-bracted racemes
or panicles. Calyx canipanulate or turbinate, 5-lobed, the lobes longer than or equalling
the tube, sometimes foliaceous. Corolla slightly irregular, funnelform, or campanulate-
funnelform, the tube villous or pubescent within, the limb spreading, 5-lobed. Stamens
4, didynamous, included, villous or pubescent; filaments slender; anthers all alike, their sacs
distinct, parallel, awncd at the base. Style filiform. Capsule oblong, acute, loculicidally
dehiscent, many-seeded, longer than the calyx. [Greek, thick or hairy mouth, referring
to the corolla.]
Six species, natives of eastern North America.
Plant Klandular-pubLSCLnl; corolla pubescent without. i. D. Pcdkularia.
Puberuknt, cinereous or glabrous; corolla glabrous without.
Cinereous puberulent.
leaves entire, dentiite, or some of the lower pinnatiful, firm. 2. D.flava.
Leaves all pinnatifid, lliiu. 3. D. graitdijloia.
Glabrous or very nearly so tliroupliout.
Leaves entire, or the lowest dentate or incised. 4. D. lari'if^ala.
Leaves, at least all but the ui)permosl, piiuiatifid. 5. U. i'iri;!iiica.
I. Dasystoma Pedicularia (L,. ) Benth. Fern-leaved or Lotisewort P'alse
Foxglove. (Fig. 3303.)
Geiardia Pedicularia I,. .Sp. PI, fin. 1753.
Dasysloma Pedicularia Hetitli. in DC. Prodr.
16:521. 1^46.
.\nnnal or biennial, glamlular-pubes-
ccnt, viscid, and with some longer hairs;
stem rather slender, much branched,
leafy, l°-4° high. Leaves sessile, or the
lower pctiolcd, i-2-pinnatifi(l, ovate or
ovate-lanceolate in oulflinc, usually broad-
est at the base, I'-x,' lo"Ki the segments
incised or crenate-dcntatc; pedicels slen-
der, ascending, mostly longer than the
calyx, i'-2' long in fruit; calyx-lolies ob-
long, foliaceous, usually incised or pin-
natilid, 's"-^" long, corolla I'-i'i' long,
pubescent without, the limb about i'
broad; capsule pubescent, 5"-6''' long, its
beak flat.
In dry woods and thickets, Maine and On-
tario to Minnesota, south to Florida and
Missouri. Aug. -Sept.
2. Dasystoma flstva (I^.) Wood.
Downy Fal.se Foxglove. (Fig. 3304.)
Gcraidia fla^a L. Sp. PI. 610. 175,?.
D. puhescens Benth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 520. 18.(6.
Dasystoma Jlaza Wood, Bol. & I'lor. 230. 1S73.
Perennial, downy, grayish; stem strict, erect,
simple, or with a few nearly erect branches, 2°-
4° high. Leaves oblong, lanceolate or ovate-
lanccolatc, firm, entire, or the lower sinuate-
dentate or sometimes pinuatifid, 3'-6' long,
short petioled, the lobes obtuse; the upper much
smaller and sessile, passing into the bracts of the
raceme; pedicels stout, usually shorter than the
calyx even in fruit; calyx-lobes lanceolate, en-
tire, about as long as the tube; corolla I'/i'-i'
long, glabrous outside, its tube much expanded
above; capsule S'^-io" long, pubescent, twice as
long as the calyx.
In dry woods and thickets, eastern Massachusetts
to Gnl.irio and Wisconsm, south to southern New
York, Georgia and Mississippi. July-Aug.
'
•'9v-*^r..y' "g^j u'vr™
^f^-
^74
SCROrilULARIACEAE.
[Vol.. III.
3. Dasystoma grandiflora (Beiith. ) Wood.
Western False Foxglove. (Fig. 3305.)
fitnudiagraiidijlora Ik-nth. Conip. Hot. Jlaif. i- 206
O. Dnimmondii Heiith. in DC. I'lddr. lo: 520.
D.SrainiiJIora Wood, Hot. & Flor. 231. 1873.
:8.46.
Perennial, cinereous-puberulent and roiighisli;
stem much branched, very leafy to tlie top, 2°-3°
lii^h, tlic branches ascending or spreading.
Leaves short-petioled, thin, ovate or ovate-lanceo-
late in outline, all pinnalifid or dce])ly incised, 2'-
4' long, the lobes acute or obtuse, serrate, or nearly
entire; upper leaves smaller, sessile; pedicels,
even in fruit, shorter than the calyx; calyx-lobes
oblong or ovate, dentate or entire, about as long
as the tube; corolla i li'-i' long, glabrous without,
its tube much expanded above.
In dry woods andjthickcts, Miinitsota and Wiscon-
sin to Tennessee and Ttxas. July-.\ug.
4. Dasystoma laevigata Raf. Jvntire-
leaved False Foxglove. (Fig. 3306.)
Geiardia laeriffda Raf. Ann. Nat. 13. 1820.
Dasvslonia qucicifcilia var. i>ileg>ifolia Ik-nth.
in DC. Prodr. ib: 520. 1846.
Dasvsloma laevie;ata Raf.; Chapni. Fl. S. States,
VA. 2, 636. 1883.
Perennial, glabrous or very nearly so. not
glaucous; stem strict, simple, or sparingly
branched, i "-3° high, the branches ascending.
Leaves usually all petioled, lanceolate or
ovate-lanceolate, lyi'-V long, entire, or the
lowest dentate or incised; pedicels shorter
than the calyx, or in fruit longer; calyx-lobes
ovate-lanceolate, equalling or shorter than
the tube; corolla glabrous without, I'-i'j'
long, the limb fully as broad, the tube much
expanded above; capsule glabrous, twice as
long as the calyx.
In dry thickets, Pennsylvania to Michigan,
soixth to Georgia. July-Aug.
5. Dasystoma Virginica (L.) Britton.
Smooth False Foxglove. (Fif . 3307. )
J^liinantlitis Virffiiiicus I,. Sp. PI. 603. 1753.
Goardia quetcifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. Set)t. 425
pi. 10. 1814.
/'. qiieirifolia Beiith. in DC. Prodr. lo: 52.). 1846.
I). ^7;5'-»H/Va Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 295. 1894.
Perennial, glabrous and glaucous; stem strict,
rather stout, usually branched, 3°-6° high, the
branches ascending. Leaves usually all peti-
oled, ovate or ovate-lanceolate in outline, the
lower i-2-pinnatifid, 4'-6' long, the upper pin-
natifid or deeply incised, the lobes lanceolate or
oblong, acute, entire, or dentate; fruiting pedi-
cels longer than the calyx; calyx-lobes ovate
or ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire, about equal-
ling the tube; corolla xVi'-z' long, glabrous
outside, its tube not widely expanded above;
capsule glabrous, twice as long as the calyx.
In dry or moist woods, Maine to Minnesota,
south to Florida and Illinois. July-Sept.
Vol.. III.]
FIGVVORT FAMILY.
175
25. GERARDIA I^. Sp. PI. 610. 1753.
Erect branching annual or perennial herbs, some South American species shrubby,
niaiuly with opposite and sessile leaves. I'lowers showy, usually larj;e, purple, violet, yel-
low, red, or rarely white, racemose, or paniculate, or solitary and axillary. Calyx campanu-
late, 5-toothed, or s-lobod. Corolla somewhat irretjular, caii'panulate, or fuunelform, the
tube broad, short, or elongated, the limb 5-lobed, slightly 2-lipped, the lower lobes exterior
in the bud. Stamens 4, didynamous, included; filaments more or less pubescent; anthers
2-celled, their sacs obtuse or mucronatc at the base, style filiform. Capsule globose or
ovoid, loculicidally dehiscent, many-seeded. Seeds numerous, mostly angled. [Named for
Jcl'.n Gerarde, surgeon and botanist, author of the Herbal (1597) died 1612. ]
About 40 species, natives of America. Iksides tlie following, some lo others occur in the
southern United Slates. Most of the species blacken in drying,
->r Flowers pedicelled ; anthers all alike.
Pedicels in flower shorter than the caly.x, or but 1-2 times us long.
Corolla i()"-i,V' lotiff.
Caly-x-teetli minute; root perennial. i. G. liiii/olia.
Calyx-teelli triauKiilar, lanceolate or obloii)?, acute; annuals.
Leaves very scabrous, filiform; capsule oblong. 2.
Leaves slightly scabrous, linear; capsule globose. 3.
Corolla 5"-8" long.
Caly.\teelli trianifular-sulmlate, acute. 4.
Caly.xteetli broad, short, obtuse. 5.
Pedicels in flower 2-() times as long as the calyx.
Leaves linear, spreading or ascending; capsule globo.se.
Leaves li"-i" wide, .'j'-ili' long; pedicels spreading. 6.
Leaves i"-2" wide, iIj-.V long; pedicels ascending. 7.
Leaves subulate, short, nearly erect; capsule oblong. 8
■X- -X- Flowers sessile; anthers of the shorter stamens smaller.
Leaves lanceolate or ovate laueeol.ite, entire or nearly so. 9.
G. asfitra.
G. purpurea.
G. pauperctila.
G. mai iliiiia.
G. lenuifolia.
G. Hcssejana.
G. Skinneriana.
Leaves piunately divided into 3-
linear-segnienls.
G. auriculala.
10. G. densiJJora.
I. Gerardia linifolia Nutt. Flax-leaved
Gerardia. (Fig. 330S.)
Gerardia Ihn/olia Nutt. Gen. 2:47. 1818.
Perennial, glabrous and smooth; stem branched, 2°-3°
high. Leaves narrowly linear, i'-2'' long, i"-!^^" wide,
erect, the upper much smaller and subulate; pedicels
erect, in flower equalling era little longcr than the calyx,
longer in fruit; calyx campauulate, truncate, its teeth
minute; corolla purple, about 1' long, narrower than that
of the two following species, villous within, the lobes
ciliate; filaments and anthers densely villous; anther-sacs
mucronatc at the base; capsule globose, i"--}," in diam-
eter, but little longer than the calyx.
In moist pine barrens, Delaware to Florida. Also in Cuba.
Aug.-Sept.
2. Gerardia aspera Dougl. Rough Purple
Gerardia. (Fig. 3309.)
G. aspera Dougl.; lienth. in DC. Prodr. 10: 517. i8|().
Annual, i°-2° high, hispidulous-scabrous with
rough stiff short whitish hairs, branched, the branches
nearly erect. Leaves narrow y linear, i'-ij<' long,
less than 1" wide, erect or ascending; pedicels equal-
ling or becoming longer than the turbinate calyx;
calyx-teeth triangular-ovate or triangular- lanceolate,
acute, one-fourth to one-third as long as the tube;
corolla deep purple, about i' long, nearly or quite
glabrous within, very pubescent without, the lobes
ciliate; filaments villous; anthers all alike, obtuse at
the base; capsule oblong, y-\" high, considerably
longer than the calyx.
On dry plains and prairies, Indiana to South Dakota, south to Missouri and .\rkansas.
.\ug.-Oct.
176
SCROI'HULARIACKAE.
[Vol,. III.
Gerardia purpurea h.
Oct.
4. Gerardia paupercula (A. Ciray) Britton.
(I'ik;. 331 1-)
Gerariliti fiuif^iirfa VAX. piiiif>riru!a A. (iiay, Syii.
2: I'arl i, 2u,\. 1S7S,
Gerardia mlerniedia Porter; A. Ciray, loc. cit. As
synonym. i,S7S,
C. paiipiriiihi Hritton, Mcni.Torr.Club, 5: 295. iSq(.
Annual, glabrous anil smooth or very nearly
so; stems strict, braneheil above, 6'-iS' lii^li,
the branches nearly erect. Leaves narrowly
linear, Yi'-V lonf,', Yz"-!" wide, spreailinj,' or
ascending; pedicels equalling the calyx, or
longer in fruit; calyx canipauulate, its teeth
about one-half the length of the tube, triangular-
lanceolate, acute, or acuminate; corolla 6"-io"
long, rose purple, its limb about as broad, some-
what villous in the throat within, the lobes cili-
ate; stamens very villous; anther-sacs mucronu-
late at the base; capsule globose-oblong, 3"
high, longer than the calyx.
In boRsand low meadows. (Quebec to New Jersey,
west to Manitoba and Wisconsin. July-Sept.
Large Purple Gerardia. i.Fip. 3310.)
(irrarrlia pnr/itirra I,. Sp. PI. 610. 1753.
Annual, glabrous, smooth, or roughish; stem
slender, branched, i°-2,'2° high, the branches
spreading or ascending. Leaves narrowly lin-
ear, usually widely spreading, I'-i^'j' long,
about i" wide, sometimes with smaller ones fas-
cicled in Iheir axils; llowers racemose on the
branches, purple (rarely white), about l' long
and broad; pedicels shorter than or but little
longer than the canipauulate calyx, even ir>
fruit; calyx-teeth triangular-lanceolate or ovate-
oblong, acute, one-third to one-half the length of
the tube; corolla much expanded above, villous
or nearly glabrous within, the lobes ciliolate; an-
thers all alike, the sacs mucronulate at the base;
filaments villous; capsule globose, 2"-}," in
diameter, longer than the calyx.
In moist fields and meadows, Maine and south-
ern Ontario to p'lorida, mostly near tin:
Auk.
coast.
Siuall-nowerecl Gerardia.
5. Gerardia maritima Raf. Sea-side or
Salt-marsh Gerardia. (Fig. 3312.)
Gerardia marilima Raf. Med. Rep. (II) 5: 361. 1808.
Annual, smooth and glabrous, fleshy; stem erect,
usually branched, \'-\(i' high, the branches as-
cending. Leaves linear, thick, Yi'-i' long, i" wide
or less, obtuse, spreading, the uppermost very small
and subulate, scarcely longer than the pedicels;
pedicels in flower shorter than or equalling the
calyx, abot twice as long in fruit; calyx-teeth
broad, short, obtuse; corolla rose-purple, 5"-9"
long, glabrous, '.u limb about as broad; anther-sacs
mucronulate at the base, capsule globose-oblong,
2"-i" high.
In salt marshes, Maine to Florida and Louisiana.
July-Aug. The southern plant has larger flowers than
the northern, l-'lowers before the upland species.
I>;i
Vor. III.]
FIGWORT I'AMIIA'.
177
6. Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl. Slender Gerardia
<-i^raidia lenuifolia V;ilil, Syiub. Hot. 3: 79. 170I.
Annual, glabrous; stem very slender, panicu-
lately branclied, W-2\' \\\\:\\, tlie branches
spreailinf; or ascending. Leaves very narrowly
linear, acute, Yi'-i '4' long, ]i"-\" wide, spread-
ing; pedicels mostly equalling or longer than
the flowers; calyx canipanulate, its teeth verj'
short, pointed; corolla light purple, spotted,
rarely white, G'^-g" long, vertically compressed
when fully expanded, minutely puberulcnt, or
glabrous; anther-sacs mucroiiate at the base;
capsule globose or slightly obovoid, 2'''-2|^" in
diameter, longer than the calyx.
In dry woods and thickets, Queluc to (U'orRia,
west to western Ontario, Illinois and Louisiana.
AiiK.-Oct.
Gerardia tenuifolia asperula .\. Oray, Hot. Gaz. 4: 155.
■.M'%->^ 1S79.
Leaves scabrous on the upper surface, linear-fili-
form; corolla not conii)resscd. On <lry hills and
banks. Ontario to Indiana and Missouri.
(Fig- 3313-)
8.
1847.
i860.
Gerardia Skinneriana Wood,
tier's Gerardia. (Fig. 3315.)
<it'iardia Skintieriana Wood, Classbook, 40S.
ticrardia parvifolia Cliapni. Fl. S. States, 300.
Annual, roughish; stem strict, striate, branched,
or sometitnes simple, 6'-i.S' high, very slender, the
branches erect or ascending. Leaves setaceous, as-
cending or commonly erect and apprcsscd, yi'~\'
long, ^2" wide or less, the uppermost minute; pedi-
cels longer than the calyx, scarcely longer than the
flowers, 2-4 times the length of the capsule; calyx- \
feeth minute; corolla light purple, ^"-k" long and ^
about as broad, glabrous without, its lobes ciliolate;
capsule oblong, 2"-}," high, considerably longer
than the calyx.
In dry sandy "woods and thickets, eastern'Massachu-
setts to Florida,'west to Minnesota, Iowa and Louisiana.
Aug.-Oet.
ta
7. Gerardia Besseyana Britten.
Be.ssey'.s Gerardia. (Fig. 3314.)
(!rt ardia lenuifolia var. macropliylla lienth.Coinp.
Hot. Mapf. 1:2.19. iS^.i- Not (r. W(7f/o/i/;j'//a Hentii.
lierardia /?«it'i'a«a liritton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5:
295. 1S94.
Annual; stem glabrous, rather stout, strict,
branched, i°-2° high, the branches ascending or
nearly erect. Leaves linear, 1 '-2' long, \"-2"
wide, scabrous, acute, ascending; pedicels as-
cending, longer than the flowers; calyx cani-
panulate, its t'-eth triangular-subulate, one-third
to one-half tue length of the tube; corolla pur-
ple, 5"-6" long; capsule globose, 2"--^" in di-
ameter, exceeding the calyx.
On dry hills and prairies, Iowa to Nebr.iska and
Colorado, south to Louisiana and Kansas. July-
Sept.
Skin-
178
SCROI'HULAKIACRAE.
[Vol.. III.
Gerardia auriculata Miclix.
; 111;!
i ;::
11
Auricled Gerardia. (Fig. 3316.)
(7. am iiulala Miclix. I'l. Bor. .^m. i: 20. i8ii,^.
Annual, scabrous; stem slender, simple, or
branched above, hirsute, i°-2° high. Leaves
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate at the
apex, sessile, mostly rounded and 2-lobed at
the base, or quite entire, i''-2' long, the basal
lobes oblong or lanceolate, obtusish, short;
flowers solitary in the upper axils, sessile,
purple, S'^-io" long; calyx 5-cleft, its lobes
lanceolate, acute, slightly unequal, as long as
or longer than the tube; corolla densely pu-
berulent outside, glabrous within; filaments
glabrous; anthers of the shorter stamens smaller
than those of the longer; anther-sacs obtuse at
the base; capsule ovid-oblong, about li' high,
a little shorter than the calyx.
In moist open soil. IViiiisylvania to Minnesota,
south to North Caroliti.i niul Kansas. Adventive
at VVoodbridgc, N. J. July Sept.
10. Gerardia densiflora Benth. Cut-
leaved Gerardia. (Fig. 3317.)
G. demiflota Rentli. Conip. Hot. Mag;, i: 206. 1S35.
Annual, scabrous and short-hispid; stems stiff,
erect, branched, or simple, i°-2yi° high, very
leafy. Leaves sessile, ovate in outline, ascend-
ing, about l' long, pinnately parted nearly to
the midvein into 3-7 narrowly linear acme
rigid segments less than 1" wide; flowers i'-
i}4' long, rose-purple, sessile in the upper axils;
calyx 5-cleft, its lobes linear, acuminate, ciliatc,
about as long as the tube; corolla glabrous both
outside and within; filaments glabrous or vil-
lous; anthers of the shorter stamens smaller
than those of the longer; capsule about ,'+ ' high,
shorter than the calyx.
On dry prairies, Kansas to Texas. Au^.-Oct.
26. CASTILLEJA Mutis; L. f. Siippl. 47. 1781.
Herbs, parasitic on the roots of other plants, with alternate leaves, and red yellow purple
or white flowers, in dense leafy-bracted spikes, the bracts often brightly colored and larger
than the flowers. Calyx tubular, laterally compressed, cleft at the summit on the upper side,
or also on the lower, the lobes entire or 2-toothed. Corolla very irregular, its tube not longer
than the calyx, its limb 2-lipped; upper lip (galea) arched, elongated, concave or keeled,
laterally compressed, entire, enclosing the 4 didynamous stamens; lower lip short, 3-lobed.
Anther-sacs oblong or linear, unequal, the outer one attaclied to the filament by its middle,
the inner one pendulous from its apex. Style filiform; stigma entire or 2-lobed. Capsule
ovoid or oblong, loculicidally dehiscent, many-seeded. Seeds reticulated. [Named for Cas-
tillejo, a Spanish botanist.]
About 40 species, mostly natives of the New World. In addition to the following, about 31
others occur in the western parts of North America.
-X- Plants villous-pubescent.
Bracts broad, dilated, lobed, or entire.
Stem leaves deeply and irregularly cleft into narrow scKUients. i. C. coccinea.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, or rarely with a few lobes. 2. C. indivisa.
Bracts linear or linear-lanceolate, entire. 3. C. minor.
^ {<- Plants glabrous, woolly at the summit, or cinereous-puberulent.
Glabrous, or tomentose at the summit; leaves lanceolate, mostly entire. 4. C. acuminata.
Cinereous-puberulent, pale; stem leaves cleft. 5. C. sessiliflora.
SU^
Vol,. III.]
riGWORT FAMILY.
'79
4
3Ut 31
tuala.
lora.
1. Castilleja coccinea (L,.) SpreiiR. vScarlet Painted-cup. Indian Paint-
brush. (Fig. 3318.)
/far/si'a cocchwn I<. Sp. I'l. 602. ir.i.V
Caslill<;\i loiiiiiia Sprciig. Syst. 2:775. I'JS.
AniuiHl or biennial, villou.s-puhcscent; stem
rather sk'mler.siinple.or with few erect braiichci,
I°-2° liigli. I, eavea sessile, parallel-vciiied, the
basal oblong, obovate, or linear, tufied, mostly
entire, I'-j' long, those of the stem deeply
3-5-t'left into linear obtusisli segments, the
bracts broaiicr and shorter, 3-5-lobed or cleft,
bright red or scarlet, conspicuons; flowers ses-
sile, io"-i2" long, usnally not exceeding the
bracts; calyx cleft both above and below into 2
dilated entire or retuse oblong and obtuse lobes,
sometimes scarlet; corolla greenish-yellow, its
tube shorter than the calyx, its upper lip much
longer than the lower; capsule oblong, acute,
5"-6" long.
In meadows and moist thickets, Maine and Onta-
rio to Manitoba, south to Virginia, 'IVnncsscr, Kan-
sas and 'IVxas. .\sccnds to (ooo ft in XMiginia.
liracts and calyx rarely yellow. May July.
2. Castilleja indivisa luigelm. luitire-
leaved Painted-cup. (Fig. 3319.)
Castilleja hidi-c'isa ( Ivngelin. ) Rngelm. & Gray, Bost.
Journ. Nat. Hist. 5: 255. 1S45.
Winter-annual; stem villous pubescent, usually
simple, .S'-iS' high. Leaves sessile, parallel-
veined, linear to linear-lanceolate, i'-4' long,
\yi"-2i" wide, entire, or rarely with 2-4 lateral
lobes; no tuft of basal leaves; bracts dilated, obo-
vate to spatnlate, bright red; flowers sessile, about
I ' long or less, not longer than the bracts; calyx cleft
as in the preceding species, and corolla similar.
In .sandy soil, Kansas to Texas. Spring.
3. Castilleja minor A. Gray. Sniall-
flowered Painted-cup. (F'ig. 3320.)
Caslillija affntis var. minor A. Oiay, Hot JIcx.
Hound. Surv. 119. 1S59.
Castilltja minor A. Gray, in Brew. & Wats. Bot.
Cal. i:57,v 1876.
Annual, villous-pubesccnt; stem slender, strict,
simple, or with i or 2 erect branches, i°-2yi°
high. Leaves all linear-lanceolate and entire,
parallel-veined, sessile, acuminate, 2'-3' long,
the bracts similar, smaller, red or red-tipped;
very narrow, equalling or longer than theshort-
pedicelled flowers; calyx green, cleft on both
sides to about the middle, the lobes lanceolate,
acute, entire, or 2-toothed; corolla yellow, 6"-
10'' long, its upper lip much longer than the
small lower one; capsule oblong, acute, 6'''-S"
long.
In moist .soil, Montana and western Nebraska to New Mexico, west to Nevada and Ari/.ona.
May-July.
^1 }}
ji
'\^'
§
' A~
i8o
SCROPIIUI.ARIACKAK.
[Vor,. III.
4. Castilleja acuminata (Pursh) Spreng. lyance-leaved Painted-cup.
(Fig. 3321.)
/liir/.u'a iiiiniiinalii I'lirsli, I'M. Am. Sept. 429, 1814.
Castilleja atiimiiiala Sprctit;. Sysl. 2: 77s. 1S25.
Castilleja sc[>lt-nl) iniuili'i I.iiuU. lint. Kc^c. />/. 9-'i.
1825.
Ciislillcja jiiittiila viir. ■icj'InilridnaHs A. tir.iy, in
Ilrcw. X: Watrt. Hot. Cal. I: 575. 1876.
Perennial, glabrous, or loosely toitientose
above; steins slender, commonly clustered, 6'-2" |
hij;li, nsually simple. Leaves sessile, ^-.s-nerved, v
mostly (luitc entire, tile lower linear, the npper
lanceolate, acuminate or acute at tlie apex, some-
what narrowed at the base, 2'-4' long; bracts
oblong, oval, or obovate, obtuse, dentate, or en-
tire, yellowish, greenish-while or purple, as long
as the sessile flowers; calyx cleft on both sides to
about the middle, the lobes lanceolate, usually
again 2-cleft; corolla 6"-8" long, its u])per lip
2-4 times as long as the lower; capsule oblong,
b"-V," high.
In moist soil, I.iibrailor to Alaska, the mountains
of New Ivupland, Ontario, Jliiniesota, the lllack
Hills, in the Rocky Mountains to Colora<lo and lo
British Columbia. Junc-Aug.
5. Castilleja sessilifldra Pursh.
Downy Painted-cup. (Fig. 3322.)
Castilleja sessilijlora Pursh, .\iu. Sept. 738. 1814.
Perennial, cinerous-puberulent all over;
stems stoUi, simple, or branched from near
the base, f- 15' high, densely leafy. Leaves
sessile, i'-2' long, the lowest commonly
linear, obtuse and entire, the others laciniate
into narrow, entire or cleft segments; bracts
green, similar to the upper leaves, shorter
than the sessile flowers; calyx deeper cleft
on the lower side than on the upper, its lobes
linear-lanceolate, acute; corolla yellowish,
lYi' long, the upper lip about twice as long
as the lower, the lobes of the latter linear;
capsule oblong-lanceolate, acute, 6"-^" long.
On dry prairies, Manitoba to the Northwest
Territory, south to Illinois, Nebraska, Wyoming
and Texas. May-July.
27. ORTHOCARPUS Nutt. Gen. 2: 56. 1818.
Annual or rarely perennial herbs, mostly with alternate leaves, and yellow white or pur-
plish flowers, in bracted usually dense spikes, the bracts sometimes brightly colored. Calyx
tubular or tubular-campanulate, 4-clcft, or sometimes split down both sides. Corolla very
irregular, the tube slender, the limb 2-lipped; upper lip little if any longer than the 3-lobed
1-3-saccate lower one. vStamens 4, didynamous, ascending under the upper lip; anther-sacs
dissimilar, the outer one afiixed by its middle, the inner pendulous from its upper end, com-
monly smaller. Style filiform; stigma entire. Capsule oblong, loculicidally dehiscent,
many-seeded. Seeds reticulated. [Greek, erect-fruit.]
About 30 species, natives of America, mostly of the western United States, i or 2 Andean.
Vol.. III.]
I'IGWOKT FAMII,'..
IHI
pur-
talyx
I very
lobed
l-sacs
com-
cent,
1. Orthocarpus luteus \iitl. Yellow
Orthocarpii.s. (Fig. 3323.)
Oi IhocatpHs hileus Null. (kii. 2:^,57. '818.
Annual, rougli-pulicsociit or pul)erulciit; .stem strict,
erect, branched aliove, or sinii)lc, '/-iS' hi^;li, densely
leafy. Leaves erect or asc< 'clin;,', linear or lanceolate,
entire, or sometimes 3-cleft, \'-\]i' Iotij.,', \" 2" wide,
sessile, lonK-acuminate; bracts of the dense spike lan-
ceolate, broader and shorter than the leaves, entire or
3-cleft, acute, ureen, mostly lonf;er than the (lowers;
flowers brij;ht yellow, 4"-5" loiij,'; calyx-teeth acute,
shorter than the tube; corolla about twice as long as
the calyx, puberulent without, its ui)pcr lip ovate, ob-
tuse, about as long as the saccate 3-toothed lower
one; capsule about as long as the caly.x-tube.
On dry plains and prairies, Manitoba lo Minnesota and
Nebraska, west tn liritisli CoUnnbia and Cabrurnia. July
Sept.
28. SCHWALBEA I.. Sp. PI. 606. 1753.
A perennial erect finely pubescent and minutely glandular, simple or sparingly branched,
leafy herb, with sessile entire 3-nerved leaves, and rather large yellowish-purple flowers in a
terminal bracted spike. Calyx tubular, somewhat oblique, ic>-i2-ribl)cd, abracteolate at the
base, 5-toothcd, the upper tooth much the smallest, the 2 lower ones partly connate; corolla
very irregular, the tube cylindric, the limb 2-lipped; upper lip arched, concave, entire; lower
lip somewhat shorter, 3-lobcd, 2-plaited. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending within Hk" upper
lip of the corolla; auther-.sacs equal. Style filiform. Capsule oblong, many-seeded. Seeds
linear, with a loose reticulated testa. [Named for C. G. Sclnvalbe, of Holland, who wrote
(1719) on Farther India.]
A nionotypic genus of eastern North America.
1. Schwalbea Americana L. Chaff-
seed. (Fig. 3324.)
Sclnvalbea Americana I,. Sp. PI. 6<i6. 1753,
Stem slender, strict, i°-2° high. Leaves ob-
long or ovate-oblong, entire, acute at both ends,
I'-i'/i' long, 2"-S" wide, the upper gradually
smaller and passing into the bracts of the rather
loose spike; flowers very nearly sessile, i'-i/4'
long, longer than the bracts; bractlets at the base
of the calyx hnear, shorter than its tube; corolla-
tube slightly exceeding the lower lobes of the
calyx, these connate to near their apices; capsule
enclosed by the calyx.
In wet sandy soil, eastern Massachusetts to
Florida and Louisiana, near the coast. May-July.
29. EUPHRASIA L. Sp. PI, 604. 1753.
Annual or perennial low mostly branched herbs, parasitic on other plants, with opposite
dentate or incised leaves, and small blue yellow or white flowers in terminal leafy-bracted
spikes. Calyx not bracteolate at the base, campanulate or tubular, 4-cleft (rarely 5-cleft
with one of the lobes much smaller than the others). Corolla very irregular, 2-lipped, the
upper lip erect, scarcely concave, 2-lobed, its margins recurved; lower lip larger, 3-lobed,
spreading, its lobes either eniarginate or obtuse. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending under
the upper lip of the corolla; anther-sacs e-;Mal and parallel, mucronate at the base. Cap-
sule oblong, loculicidally dehiscent, u- . ieeded. Seeds oblong, longitudinally ribbed.
[Greek, delight.]
About 1 10 species, natives of temperate and cold leRions of both the northern and southern
hemispheres. Dcsides the following, another occurs in northwestern North America.
M
I82
SCROPHUIvARIACHAR.
Ilracts, nnd iisiiiUy llir Icavf!. (tlaiuliiUir.
Ncitlur brads nor Iciivis irl.iiiiUilur, but iisiiiiUy l)iil)i'Sociit.
Spikes elDUtfaliil; liracls sharply li»>tlHil; plant .(' lo' liiKh.
Spike Hliort, capitate; bracts bluntly toutlicd; plant i'- 2' liigh.
[Vol. III.
J, /•;. lali/olia.
2. J'.. Aiiiri icana.
3. E. Oakesii.
1. Euphrasia latifdlia Pursh. Olandular
l';ycl)right. (Pig. 3,^25.)
Etifilnasia lali/olia I'lirsli, 1"1. Am. Sipt. 430. 1814.
.\iiniial; stem erect, simple, or with n few erect
brunclies from near tlie base, pubescent with ciispcd
liair.s, 2'-7' hi^;h. I.,eavcs ovate to obovatc, obtuse,
2-5-toollie(l on each side, the teeth sharp or bhint;
spike I '-4' long, the bracts imbricated, at least
above, broadly oval to orbicular, cuncatc at the
base, sharply toothtd, glandul.irputitscenl beneath
or al-io on tlie margins; calyx-teeth acute; corolla
3"-4" long, lilac, or variegated; capsule oblong-
elliptic, ciliate on the margins, and more or less
pubescent or pilose, about as long as the calyx.
Cricnland to Hudson I5ay and Xew lirunswiek.
Also in uoitlierii luiropc. .Summer.
2. Euphrasia Americana Wettst. Hairy
Eyebright. (Fig. 3326.)
Hiiphfasia AmericaHu Wettst. Mon. ICuph. 127. 1896.
Annual, pubescent with crisped hairs; stem often
at length nmch branched, 4'-io'' high. Leaves
sessile, ovate to oval, obtuse or acutish at the apex,
3-Stoothed on each side, 3"-6" long, iyi"-.\'/2"
wide, the teeth acute; bracts cuncatc or obtuse at
the base, dentate, pubescent, not glandular, slightly
shorter than the flowers; calyx-teeth lanceolate,
acuminate; corolla 3"-4''' long. pur])lish or nearly
white, its lobes emarginate; capsule narrow, cune-
ate, 2"-2i" high, about equalling the calyx.
In fu'Uls nnd on hills, JIaine and Xew Brunswick to
Newluundland, western Ontario and Michigan, perhaps
extetidiuff further west. .Summer.
Euphrasia officinalis
.'\nierica.
I<. is not known from North
3. Euphrasia Oakesii Wettst. Oakes' Eyebright.
(Hig. 3327.)
Euphrasia Ociiw/V' Wettst. Mon. lUipli. 142.- 1S96.
Stem erect or ascending, very slender or filiform, simple,
I '-2' high, somewhat pubescent. Stem leaves 2 or 3 pairs.
Bracts and leaves orbicular or broadly oval.narroweil or nearly
truncate at the base, 2"-x," long, obtuse, pubescent, not glan-
dular, with 2-5 blunt teeth on each side; spike short, capitate,
only 2)"~5" long the bracts densely imbricated; calyx-teeth
triangular-lanceolate, short; corolla i><"-2''' long, jnirplish;
capsule oblong-elliptic, ciliate, longer than the calyx.
White Mountains of New Hampshire.
Vot,. III.j inOWcRT I'AMILY. 183
30. BARTSIA h. Sp. PI. 602. 175.V
Annual or perennial herbs, partly parasitic on tlie roots of other plants, with opposite
leaves, ami purple pink red or yellow flowers, in terminal Icafy-bracted spikes. Calyx cam-
panulate or tnljiilar, .i-toothed or 4-cleft. Corolla very irregular, the tube straight or re-
curved, the limb j-lijiped; upper lip erect, concave, entire, the margins not recurved; lower
lip spreadiuK, .v'obed. Stamens .(, didynainous, ascending under tlie ui)])cr lip of the
corolla; anther-sacs similar, parallel. Capsule jjlobose, oblong;, or ovoid, loculicidally dehis-
cent, several-many-seeded. Seeds hori/.ontal, striate, or ril)bed. [Named for John liartsch,
n I'russian botanist, died i;,^S.]
About 6 species of tlic norlhern luinisphcre. Only the followiuK is known to occur in Nortli
America.
I. Bartsia alpina L. Alpine Hartsia.
(Kig. 3328.)
JIailxia alfyina I,. ,Sp. I'l. (mi. 1753.
Perennial by short rootstocks, pubescent; stem
erect, leafy, simple, or rarely with i or 2 •'hort
branches, ,\'-\(>' high. Ivcavcs sessile, ovate, or ovate-
oblong, crenalc-dentate, obtuse or acutisli, rounded
and sometimes slightly clasping at the base, yi'-i'
long; bracts similar, smaller, mostly shorter than the
flowers; spike i'-2' long; flowers H'^-io" long, some-
times borne also in the upper axils; calyx 4cleft nearly
to the middle; corolla purple, its tube much longer
than the calyx; anthers pubescent, at least on the
back; capsule ovoid-oblong, equalling or longer than
the calyx.
Labrador to Greenland and the Arctic Sea. Also in
Europe. Summer.
31. ODONTITES Gmel. Fl. Sib. 3: 213. 1768.
Annual erect herbs, half parasitic on the roots of other plants, with small opposite leaves,
and yellow or red flowers in terminal bractcd spikes or racemes. Calyx 4-toolhed. Corolla
with a narrow tul)e and a strongly 2-lipped limb, the upper lip concave, entire, or 2-lohed,
the lower 3-lobed, spreading. Stamens 4, didynainous, ascending; anther-sacs .similar. Cap-
sule mostly subglobose, loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds few, pendulous. [Cireek, referring
to its supposed value as a cure for toothache.]
About 20 species, mostly natives of the Mediterranean region.
Odontites Odontites (L.) Wettst. Red Bartsia.
(Fig. 3329.)
Red Kyebriglit.
F.uphraiia Odoitliles I,. ,Sp. PI. (J04. 175V
llai'sia Ddiiiililfs Huds. I'l. .XiirI. ICd. 2268. 1778.
OdoiiO/fs Oilonlilfs Wettst. in Ivngl & I'raiitl, Nat. Pfl.
I'ani, 4: Abt. 3b, 102. 1S91.
Annual, appressed-pubescent, roughish ; stem
slender, at length much branched, 6'-i5' high, the
branches erect or ascending. Leaves sessile, lati-
ceolate, or oblong lanceolate, acute or acuminate at
the apex, serrate with low distant teetli, sliglitly nar-
rowed at the base, '/i'-i yi' long, i"-3"wide; spikes
slender, becoming 2'-$' long in fruit, somewhat
1-sided; bracts similar to the leaves, but smaller;
flowers numerous, 4'''-5''' long; calyx 4-nleft; cor-
olla red or pink, its lube somewhat longer than the
calyx; anthers slightly pubescent; capsule oblong,
shorter than the calyx.
In fields and wa.sfe places, coast of Maine to Nova
Scotia. Naturalized from Europe. Native also of
Asia. June-Sept.
iP
i
1 84
SCROl'IIlI.ARIAClvAlC
[Vol. III.
32. PEDICULARIS L. Sp. PI. 603. 1753.
Herbs, with allernate opposite or rarely vcrlicillate, piiiiiately lobed cleft or piniialirul
leaves, aiid yellow red ])urple or white flowers, in terminal spikes or spike-like racemes. Caly.K
tubular, cleft on the lower side or sametimes also on the upper, or 2-,s-toothcd. Corolla
strongly 2-lipped, the tube cylindric, the upper lip ()j;alea) laterally compressed, concave or
conduplicate, sometimes beaked; lower lip erect or ascending, 3-lobed, the lobes spreading
or reflexed, the middle one the smallest. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending within the
upper lip of the corolla; anthers approximate in pairs, their sacs transverse, eciual, parallel,
obtuse or rarely mucronate at the base. Capsule compressed, oblique or curved, beaked >
inauy-seeded, loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds reticulate, pitted, striate or ribbed. [Latin,
pertaining to lice, long supposed to breed lice in sheep that feed on these plants.]
Abcml 125 species, iiKi-itly natives of ilie iiortlKrii lu inisplicre. In addition to the foUowini;,
sonic 25 others inhabit the western parts of North .America. Jlostly known as I.ouscwort; a few
red-flowered species are called Red Kaltle.
^- Galea produced into a filiform beak 6"-8" long. I. 1\ Gii'iiilaiidini.
-;;- •;•;- Galea short-beaked or beakless.
lieak of the Ralia conic, dccurvcd, i" long. 2. /'. J,iiftf>i>iiua.
lieak of the galea very slinrl, or none.
Annuals or biennials; stems leafy, frcclj brandling; northern.
I'nberuknt; upper leaves crenulate, lower piiiiiatilid.
Cilabrous or very nearly so; leaves all piiinatifid.
I'erennials; stems leafy, simple (rarely branched in No. 6).
Corolla yellow, or the galea red; plants (V-3'' high; eastern species.
Leaves piniiately lobed; capsule ovate, scarcely longer than the calyx.
5. /'. laiid'olala.
Leaves pinnately parted; cajisule lanceolate, 3 times as long as the calyx.
6. /'. Canadensis.
7. /'. Jni) bishiar.
8. P.Jlamniea.
/'. iiif>//rasioiitts.
P. pai-.'ijlora.
Lower leaves pinnately divided; capsule ovate.
Galea erimson or purple; plant 1-4' high; arctic.
Perennial; stem scapose, or 1 leaved; lloweis capitate; arctic. 9. P. raf>i/a/a.
I. Pedicularis Groenlandica Retz. Long-
beaked Pediciilari.s. (Fig. 3330. )
p. Giot'iilaiidica Retz. V\. .Scand, ICd. 2, 14,=;. 1795.
Perennial, glabrous; stem simple, erect, i°-i/-2°
high. Leaves alternate, lanceolate in outline, acute
or acuminate, pinnately parted or the lower pinnately
divided into lanceolate acute crenulate or incised
segments, the upper sessile, the lower slender-pcti-
oled, 2'-6' long; spike l'-6' long, very dense; calyx
5-toothed, nearly as longas the corolla-tube, the teeth
short, acutish; corolla red or purple, the galea pro-
duced into a filifornj beak 6"-8" long, which is de-
curved against the lower lip and upwardly recurved
beyond it; body of thecorolla 2]'2"-i" long; capsule
obliquely ovate, about 3" long.
In wet soil, Labrador, Greenland and Ilndson Hay to
the Northwest Territory and Hritish Columbia, south in
the Rocky Mountains to New Mexico, and in the Sierra
Nevada to California. Summer.
2. Pedicularis Lapponica L,. Lapland
Pedicularis. (Fig. 3331.)
Peduiilaiis Lapponica L. Sp. PI. 609. 1753.
Perennial, puberulent; stems simple, or sparingly
branched, leafy, 4'-S' high. Leaves sessile, or very
short-petioled, alternate or the lowest opposite, lanceo-
late or linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acutish at the apex,
yi'-i^' long, pinnately incised into numerous ap-
proximate oblong serrulate lobes; spike short, the
flowers almost capitate, light yellow, (i"-Y' long;
calyx cleft on the lower side, a-toothed on the upper;
galea erect, arched, tipped by an abruptly spreading or
recurved conic beak about \" long.
In open places, Labrador and Greenland to the Arctic
Sea. Also in Arctic Kurope and Asia. Summer.
Pedicularis pedicellikta Bunge, an .\laskan species is re-
corded by Kunge from Labrador. It is distinguished from
the above by its scapose stem, deeply pinnatifid leaves and
pedicellate lower flowers. We have not seen specimens
from the eastern side of the continent.
Vol.. III.]
I'lCWDRT FAMILY.
185
Pedicularis.
3. Pedicularis euphrasioides Steph. Kyebright
p. euphrasioides Stcpli.; Willd. Sp. I'l. 3: 204. iSoi.
Biennial or annual, puberulcnt; stem branched,
(i'-\^' high, the branches ascendin}^. Lower leaves
petiolcd, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate in outline,
2'-.}' long, 4'''-S" wide, pinnatifid into oblong ob-
tuse crcnate-dentate segments; upper leaves sessile, _
linear or linear-oblong, smaller, merely crenulale;
flowers in a short terminal spike and solitary in the
upper axils; calyx cleft on the lower side, 2-3-
toothed on the upper, shorter than the corolla-tube;
corolla yellow, or the galea purplish, about 6" long;
galea as long as the tube, tipped with a very short
truncate beak, minutely 2-toothed on the lower side
at the apex; capsule apparently shorter than the
calyx.
Labrador to (irceiiland, the Arctic Sua, Alaska and
Uritish Columbia. Also in nortliLrn Asia. Summer.
Pedicularis parviflora J. K. Smith. Purple Pedicularis. (Fig. 3333.)
p. par- iflora J. IC. Smith in Rees' CycUi;). 1814.
Pt'itii.iiaris Wlassoviana Stev. Mem. Soc. Nal.
IMosc. 6: 29. pi. 9. ./! /. iSs.v
Pedicularis paluslris var. Wlassoviana Bunge;
Ledeb. Kl. Ross. 3: 283. 1S47-.19.
nienuial or annual, glabrous throughout, or
the petiole-bases ciliate; stem erect, much
branched, i°-2° high. Leaves i'-2' long,
alternate, or some of them opposite, oblou?;-
lauccolate in outline, all pinnatifid into ob-
long crenate or incised segments; flowers in
terminal rather loose spikes and .solitary in the
upper axils, 7"-8" long; calyx 2-cleft, the
lobes with an incised crested border; corolla
purple, its tube twice as long as the calyx, the
lip nmch shorter, the galea arched at the top,
not beaked, blunt, bearing a pair of minute
teeth below its summit; capside obliquely
ovate, twice as long as the calyx when mature.
Labrador to .Vlaska, south to Quebtc, tlic North-
west Territory and Oregon. Summer.
Pedicularis paliisttis I,., which dilTers fmm this in its larger flowers and apiculale tralea, is re-
ported from Newfoundland and Labrador; it is widely distributed in liuropeand Asia. It is known
as Red Rattle, Cows-wort and Marsh Louscwort.
5. Pedicularis lanceolata Michx. Swamp
Loitsewort. (Fig. 3334.)
Pedicularis lanccolala Michx. Fl. Hor. Am. 2' iS. 1803.
Pedicularis auriculala Smith in Rees' Cyclop. 1814.
Perennial, glabrous or very nearly so throughout;
.stem stout, simple, or branched above, i°-3° high,
the branches erect. Leaves alternate and opposite,
lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, 2'-^' long, pinnately
lol)cd, the lower petioled, the upper sessile, the lobes
oblong, obtuse, short, creuate-dentate, the margins
cartilaginous; spikes short; calyx 2-lobed, the lobes
with foliaceous margins; corolla yellow, 8"-io'''' long,
the galea arched, terminated by a very short truncate
beak, the lower lip erect-ascending; capsule ovate,
little exceeding the calyx, about 5" high.
In swamps, Ontario to Connecticut and Virginia, west
to Manitoba, Mimiesota, Ohio, Michigan, and Nebraska
(according to Williams). Aug. -Oct.
il
^11
i86
vSCKOPIIULARIACEAE.
[Vol,. III.
6. Pedicularis Canadensis 1,. Wood Betony. Lousewort. (Fig, 3335.)
Pill i 1 11 1 a lis Canadensis I,. Mant. 86. 1767.
Perennial, hirsute, pubescent, orglabratc be-
low; stems commonly tufted, ascending or
erect, 6'-iS' high, simple. Leaves alternate or
some of them opposite, oblong- lanceolate, 3'-
5' long, all but the uppermost slcnder-petioled,
pinnatcly parted into oblong obtuse incised or
dentate lobes; flowers spicate, the spike short
in flower, s'-S' long in fruit, the lower bracts
usually foliaceous, the others small; calyx cleft
on the lower side; 2-3-creuate on the upper,
oblique; corolla yellow, or reddish (rarely white)
'"-\o" long, the tube much longer than the
calyx, the galea arched, incurved, not beaked,
minutely 2-toothed below the apex; capsule
lanceolate, oblique, 7'''-S" long, 2" wide, about
3 times as long as the calyx.
In dry woods and thickets, Nova Scotia to Mani-
toba, south lo Florida, Kansas, Colorado and North
Mexico. .Xsctnds to 30(X) ft. in Virginia. Called
also HiKli Heal all, Ikefsleak plant. April-June.
7. Pedicularis Furbishiae S. Wats. Miss
Fiirbish's Pedicularis. (Fig. 3336.)
Pedicularis Fiiibishiae S. Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. 17:
375. 1SS2.
Perennial, pubescent, at least above; stem strict,
simple, 2°-3° high. I.,eaves lanceolate, alternate,
or some of them opposite, the lower long-petioled,
4'-6' long, pinnately divided into ovate or oblong,
pinnatifid or incised segments, the upper sessile,
pinnately parted or lobcd; calyx s-lobed, the lobes
entire or dentate; narrow, somewhat unequal; cor-
olla yellow, "]"-<)" long, the galea arched, trun-
cate, not beaked, 2-cuspidate at the apex; capsule
ovate.
In .swamps and along streams, JIaine and New
llrunswick. July-Sept.
8. Pedicularis flammea \^. Red-
tipped Pedicularis. (Fig. 3337.)
Pedicularis flammea I<. Sp. PI. Coi). 175,^
Perennial, glabrous or somewhat woolly;
stem simple, 2'-4' high, with several linear-ob-
long, pinnately parted leaves. Hasal and
lower leaves slender-petiolcd, I'-i'j' long,
the uppermost sessile, the lobes ovate or ob-
long, incisedserrate; flowers about 6" long,
pedicelled in a short spike-like raceme, longer
than the narrow bracts; calyx 5-toolhed, the
teeth lanceolate, acute, unequal; corolla-tube
and the lower lip greenish yellow, the galea
slightly arched, very blunt, much longer than
the lower lip, its summit crimson or pnrple;
capsule'ladceolate, 6"-S" long, 2-3 times as long as the calyx; fruiting pedicels 3"-,=;" long.
Labrador to Greenland, west to Alaska. Also in arctic and alpine ICurope. SumiTu r.
Vol,. III.]
FIOWOKT FAMILY. 1 87
g. Pedicularis capitata Adams. Capitate
Pedicularis. (Fig. 3338.)
Pedicularis capitata Adams, Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 5: 100. 1817.
rereniiial, pubescent or glabrous; stem scapose, leafless, or
I -leaved, I'-s' higb. Leaves slender- petioled, often shorter
than the scape, pinnately divided, the sr tnents ovate or ob-
long, incised; flowers several in a capitate cluster at the end
of the scape, i'-l>^' long; calyx 5-cleft, the lobes foliaceous,
incised or crenate; corolla described as white; galea scarcely
broadened above, slightly curved, very obtuse, twice as long
as the lower lip; capsule oblong, a little longer than the
calyx, beaked on the outer side near the summit.
Hudson Bay to Alaska. Summer.
oolly;
ar-ob-
and
long,
or ob-
long,
ongcr
d, the
a-tube
galea
• than
nrplc;
long.
33. RHINANTHUS L. Sp. PI. 603. 1753.
Annual erect mostly branched herbs, with opposite leavis, and yellow blue violet or
variegated flowers, in terminal l-sided leafy-bracted spikes, or solitary in the upper axils.
Calyx compressed, 4toothed, much inflate 1, membranous and conspicuously veiny in fruit.
Corolla very irregular, 2 lipped, the upper lip (galea) compressed, arched, minutely 2toothed
below the entire apex, the lower lip 3-lob3d, shorter, the lobes spreading. Stamens 4, didy-
namous, asccn<ling under the galea; anthers pili se, the sacs obtuse at the base, transverse,
distinct. Capsule orbicular, flat, loculicidally dehiscent, several-seeded. Seeds nearly or-
bicular, winged. [Greek, nose-flower, from the beaked corolla.]
About 3 species, natives of the northern hemisphere.
Rattle. Rattle-box. Yellow or Penny
(Fig- 3339)
I. Rhinanthus Crista-Galli I,.
Rattle.
Rliinantlius Crisla-fralli I,. Sp. PI. 603. 1753.
J\liiiia)illiiis minor IClirli. Heitr. 6: 44. 1791.
Gfebrous, or pubescent above; stem slender, usu-
ally branched, 6'-iS' high, the branches erect or
ascending. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
sessile, coarsely serrate-dentate, acute or obtuse,
\'~2' long, 2"-4" wide; bracts broader, ovate, or
ovate-lanceolate, incised dentate, the teeth acu-
minate or subulate-tipped; tlowers yellow, 6"-8"
long; corolla-tube longer than the calyx, commonly
■with a purple spot on one or both lips; ruiling
calyx ovate orbicular, /["-(>" in diameter; capsule
orbicular, or broader, nearly as broad as the calyx,
very flat, not oblique.
Newfoundland .Tiid Labrador to Alaska and OreRon,
south In Ouibio, the Wliite Mount lins of New Hamp-
shire, Ontario and in the Kocky Mimiilaiiis to New
Mexico; on the Atlantic Coast from Kliodo Island to
New Hrutiswick. Common in noillieiii ICurope and
.\sia. Called also Kattle-bags, IVniiynrass. Jnne-.Vug.
34. MELAMPYRUM I,. Sp. PI. 605. 1753.
.Annual branching herbs, with opposite leaves, and stnall white yellow violet or variegated
flowers, solitary in the upper axils, or in terminil hraelcd spikes. Cal».x 4-tootlieil, the 2
upper teeth somewhat the longer. Corolla irregular, 2 lipped, the tube nariow, gradually
enlarged above, the upper lip compressed, obtuse or emarginate with a groove behind the
margins, or these recurved or with a tooth on each side; lower lip spreading or ascending,
3-tootlicd. 2-grooved beneath. Slainens 4, didynamous, ascending under the npfier lip; an-
Ihcrsacs distinet, jiarallel, obtuse or mucronul.ite at the base. Capsule flat, obli(|ue, loculi-
cidally dehiscent, 2-4-sccded. Seeds smooth, strophiolatc. [Greek, black wheat ]
About 10 species, all of the northern hemisphere. Only the following are known in North
America.
Leaves lancer>latc or linear-lanceolate, the floral 2-4-tootlied at the base. i. .lA. liiieare.
Leaves ovate, all entire. 2 ^T. latifoUum.
1 88
SCROrilULARIACEAE.
[Vor,. III.
I. Melampyrum lineare L,am. Narrow-leaved Cow-Wheat
Mrla»if>yruni Unfair I.arii. ICncycl. 4: 22. 1797-
M. Amei icanuin Miclix. I'l. Hor. Am. 2: 16. 1803.
Piilierulent; stem slender, obscurely 4-sicled
above, at lenj;th widely branched, 6'-iyi° high.
Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, short-
petioled, acuminate or acute at the apex, nar-
rowed, obtuse, or the upper truncate at the base,
i'-2yi' long, i|i"-6" wide, the lower all en-
tire, the upper floral ones ovate or lanceolate,
with 2-6 bristle-pointed teeth near the biise;
flowers short-peduncled, ^"-f>" long; calyx
about one-third the length of the corolla, its
subulate teeth longer than its tube; corolla white
or whitish, puberulent, the lower lip yellow;
capsule 4"-5" long, about 2" wide, twice as
long as the calyx.
In dry woods and thickets, Nova Scotia to Rritish
Columbia, south to North Carolina, Kentucky and
Aliniu sola. Ascends .VS'"' ft- '" Virginia. May-Aug.
/t--^
2. Melampyrum latifolium Muhl.
leaved Cow-Wheat. (Fig. 3341.
Mc'lamftynim lali/oliiim Mulil. Cat. 57. 181 j.
Broad-
Similar to the preceding, widely branched, i°-i]i°
high; but the leaves all entire, sliortpetiolcd, the
lowest small, spatulate, obtuse, the middle ones lan-
ceolate or ovate, acuminate, narrowed at the base,
2'-2)' long, the floral ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
shorter, acute, mostly rounded at the base; corolla
purple, veiny.
Ill dry woods, Delaware (according to MiiUloiiberg"i;
Virjfinia to Georgia and Tennessee. June-.\ug.
Family 28. LENTIBULARIACEAE Lindl. Vcg. Kingd. 686. 1847.*
]!l,.\DI3KRW()RT FAMII.V.
Aquatic plants, or terrestrial on moist ground, with the leaves basal and
tufted, or borne on floating branching stems, or redttced to minute scales. Scapes
erect. Flowers solitary or racemose, perfect, irregular, the pedicels bracteolate.
Calyx inferior, 2-5-parted. Corolla 2-lipped, the upper lip tisually erect, con-
cave, or the sides plicate, entire, or 2-lobed, interior in the btid; lower lip larger,
spreading or reflexed, 3-lobed, with a palate projecting into the throat and a
nectariferous spur beneath. Stamens 2; anther-sacs confluent into i. Ovary
superior, ovoid or globose, i-celled; ovtiles numerous; style short, or none;
stigma 2-lamellate. F'ruit a capsule, irregularly bursting, or dehi-scent by valves.
Seeds anatropous, rugo.se, reticulated, or bristle-bearing; endosperm none.
.\bout 4 genera and i8o species, widely distributed in warm am! temperate regions, both of the
Old World and the New.
Aquatic or bog plants; foliage often dissected and bladder-bearing. i. Ulriciilnria,
Terrestrial; leaves basal, tufted, entire. 2. Pinguicttla.
1. UTRICULARIA L. Sp. PI. 18. 1753.
Herbs floating free in the water, or rooting in the mud, the aquatic species with stems
usually bearing finely divided leaves and covered with minute bladders; marsh species with
a few bladder-bearing leaves or rootlets under ground. liladders contracted at the mouth,
closed by an operculum and furnished with a few projecting bristles. T'lowcrs racemose or
solitary at the summits of slender scapes, the pedicels 2-bractcolate. Calyx deeply 2-lobed,
•Text contributed by the late Ri;v. TnoM.\s Mordnc.
Vol.. III.]
HLADDKRWORT FAMILY.
189
the lobes eciual or nearly so. Corolla 2-lippetl, the upper lip usually erect and entire, the
lower larger, .^-loljed, spurred at the base and with a proniineut palate, coniniouly bearded
ill the throat. Capsule many-seeded. [Latin, iitriculus, a bag, or little bladder.]
About 150 species, of wide jjeographic distribution. Besides tlie following, 3 others occur in
the soutlicrn I'nitid States.
-X- Scapes rooting in the mud; leaves entire; bladders usually few or none.
Scapes stout, strict, i-io-nowcrcd; (lowers yellow, 4"-io" bro.id.
Flowers .S"-ic)" broad; spuro" lonif.
Flowers 4"-s" broad; spur 1," Ioiik-
Scipe liliforui, 2-l)racted above; llower solitary, purple.
Scape filifoiin, the raceme zig zag; flowert' i-io, yellow.
Scape filiform; flowers minute, clpistoRanious.
I. ff. coniuta.
1. I I. jiiitcca.
,?. U. icstipinata.
4. V. siibulala.
5. IJ. liehlogama.
•X- *)f Branches and finely divided leaves floating, or creeping on the mud, bladder-bearing.
I Scai)e bearing a whorl of leaves with inflated petioles. 6. U. inflala.
t 1 .'^cape leafless, or with a few minute scales.
Leaves vcnicillate; corolla purple.
Leaves crowded, 2-3 pinnately divided; corolla j'ellow, large.
Leaves scattered, dicliolomously divided.
Cleistogamous flowers among the leaves.
No cleistogamous flowers.
Bladders mainly or entirely on leafless branches.
Leaf-segments linear, flat.
Leaf-,segments capillar j-.
Bladders among the leaves.
Flowers 2-8; spur usually reduced to a short protuberance.
Flowers 1-2; spur shorter than the lower lip, cimic, gibbous.
Flowers 1-3; spur oblo. g, as long as the lower lip.
7. U. purpurea.
8. U. vulgaris,
(J. U. dandestina.
10. U. intermedia.
11. U. fibrosa.
12. U. minor.
1,5. I'.gibha.
14. U. bijiora.
berg^;
and
con-
ilvcs.
of the
laria.
iciila.
Stems
; with
outh,
)se or
obed,
1. Utricularia cornuta Michx. Horned
Bladderwort. (Fig. 3342.)
I'Iricularia cornula Mich.x. Fl. Bor. Am. l- 12. i.Soj.
Scape stout, strict, ,3'-i4' high, with or without a
few scattered scales, rooting in the mud. .Stems and
branches root-like, sometimes with a few entire leaves
and few bladders, or several; flowers 1-6, yellow, fra-
grant; pedicels \"-i" long; corolla S'^-io" broad when
expanded; lower lip large, somewhat galeate, the sides
strongly rcflcxcd, with a prominent palate \vhich pro-
jects inwardly and is pubescent at the throat; upper
lip smaller, obovatc; spur Yz' long, acute, curved;
sce<ls black, rugosely pitted.
On borders of ponds, or in bogs, Ncwfouiidlaiid to On-
tario and Minnesota, south to F'lorida and Texas. Juiie-
Aug.
2. Utricularia juncea Vahl. Rush Bladder-
wort. (Fig. 3343.)
utricularia fuiicea Vahl, ICuum. i: 202. 1805.
Scape rather stout, strict,6'-i6' high, rooting in the mud,
bearing few or several minute scales. Leaves not seen;
flowers 3-10, bright yellow; pedicels 1" long, or less; cor-
olla 4'''-5" broad when expanded, the lower lip obovate,
pointed, mainly composed of the palate, the upper little
smaller, obovate, emarginate; spur linear-subulate,
slightly curved, or straight, about 3" long.
In bogs, southeastern Virginia to Florida and Texas, mostly
near the coast. Also in the West Indies and South America.
July-Aug.
lyo
IvENTIHULARIACKAE.
[Vor,. III.
M.:
m
ft--
3. Utricularia resupinata B. D. Greene.
Reversed Bladderwort. (Fig. 3344.)
i'/n'iii/aria resupinala 13. I). Greene; Higel. FI. Host. Kd. 3,
10. 1840,
Scape filiform, 2'-7' high, 2-bractC(l near the flower,
arising from creeping rooting shoots which rise I'-a'
above the ground and bear a few branches and bladders.
Flower solitary, purple, resting transversely upon the
summit of the scape and so appearing resupinate; cor-
olla i"-s" long, the limb deeply 2-purted, remote from
the conic spur.
In sandy bo^ts .ind borders of ponds, Maine to Florida,
wcht to Michigan. I'.are and local. July-.\uMr-
4, Utricularia subul£tta L. Tiny or Zig-zag
Bladderwort. (Fig. 3345-)
utricularia subttla/a L. Sp. PI. iS. 1753.
Utricularia setacea Miclix. Fl. l!or. Am. i: 12. 1803.
Scape filiform, i'-8' high, the racemes zig-zag. Leaves
few, entire, they and the bladders seldom found; pedicels
2"-6" long, slender; flowers i-io, yellow; corolla 2"-},"
broad, the lower lip 3-lobed, the upper smaller, ovate;
spur conic, appressed to the lower lip and equalling it iu
length, or shorter.
In wet, sandy soil, Nantucket to Florida, west to Texas,
Mexico and Arjcansas. Also in Cuba. Marcli-.\UK.
■-?
5. Utricularia cleistogama (A. Gray) Britton.
Closed Bladderwort. (Fig. 3346.)
I'lricularia sttbiiltila van cicisloifama A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 3:
Part I, 317. 1S7S.
I', claiidesliiia Uritton, Trans. X. Y. Acad. Sci. 9: 12. 1889.
Scape hair-like, i'-3' high, 1-2-nowcred. Stems root-
like, sparse, sending a few minute simple shoots above
ground; bladders minute, seldom seen; flowers on short
bracted pedicels; corolla ^K'"-!''' broad, strictly cleistoga-
mous, spurless, the lips nearly equal, the lower varying
from purplish to yellow, the upper white; seeds dark ru-
gosely pitted, scarcely )i" in diameter; capsule globose.
In wet soil, cistern Massnchusetts and in the pine-barrens
of New Jersey, .\unusl.
6. Utricularia inflata Walt. Swollen Bladder-
wort. (Fig. 3347.)
Utricularia inflata Walt. Fl. Car. 64. 17^8.
Utricularia ceratopliylla Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1:12. 1803.
Scapes stout, 3'-2o' high, bearing a whorl of 5-9
leaves at about the middle. Branches long, floating,
crowded with dichotomously divided leaves and cov-
ered with bladders; leaves of the scape finely dissected,
their petioles cylindric, inflated, dilated upward, y'l'-
2' long; flowers 2-10, yellow, about 9" broad; upper
lip of the corolla broadly ovate, obscurely lobed or
crenate, the lower 3lobcd; spur conic, emarginate, ap-
pressed to the lower lip and about one-half its length;
capsule nodding in fruit.
In ponds, Canada (according to Pursli); Maine to Florida
and Texas, near tlte coast. March-Aug.
Vol. III.]
BLADDERWORT FAMILY.
7. Utricularia purpurea Walt. Pur-
ple Blaclderwort. (I''ig. 3,^48.)
IJIriculaiia purf>uiea Walt. Kl. Car. 64. 1788.
I'Iricularia saccala I'M. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2. 21.
1816.
Scape i'-6' higli, naked, or bearing a few
scales, i-4-flowerc(l. Branches floating, long,
with uutncrous dichotonious capillary leaves
ii; verticils of 4's and 5's and many large
l)ladilers; corolla violet-purple, 3"-S''' broad,
the Irwcr lip 3-lobed, the lateral lobes sac-
cate ; upper lip truncate, emarginate; spur
uearl> conic, apprcssed to the lower lip and
one-half its length, or more.
In pond.s, Maine to Florida, near the coast;
also in Indian.i. May-Aug.
8. Utricularia vulgaris L. Greater
Bladder wort. Hooded Water-Mil-
foil. Pop-weed. (Fig. 3349.)
I'hicularia ••ulgarh I<. Sp. PI. 18. 1753.
I'triculai ia macio>hi:a I.e Conte, Ann. I.yc.
N. Y. i: 7,i. 1824.
Scapes stout, naked, or with a few broad
scales, },'-\i,' high. Leaves 2-3-pinnately
divided, usually much crowded, the seg-
ments setaceous; branches floating, some-
times 1° long, the leaves sometimes (>"-■;"
long with numerous bladders; flowers 3-20,
racemose, yellow; pedicels 4"-S" long, re-
curved in fruit; corolla yi' broad or more,
the sides of the lips rcflexed; palate promi-
nent; upper lip nearly entire, the lower
slightly 3-lobed and longer than the conic
blunt or acutish, somewhat curved spur.
In brooks and ponds, Newfoundland to Florida, west to British Columbia and California,
tlirouRliout nearly the whole of North Anit'rica.
Also in ICurope, Asia, Cuba and Mexico. June-Aupf.
The plant, like others of the genus, is often prop-
agated by winter buds.
9. Utricularia clandestina Nutt. Hid-
den-fruited Bladderwort. (Fig. 3350.)
I', clandeslina Nutt.; .\. Gray, Man. 287. 1848.
Ulriculdiia sirin/a Tuckerm. Am. Journ. Sci. 45:
29. 1843. Not I.e Conte, 1824.
Scape slender, a'-s' high, arising from long
floating branches. Leaves scattered, repeatedly
forked, the divisions capillary, bearing numerous
bladders. Flowers of two kinds; those of the
scape 3-5, complete, those among the leaves
strictly cleistogamous, numerous, their pedicels
reflexcd in fruit; corolla of the upper complete
flowers yellow, spreading, 4"-5''' broad when
expanded, the lips nearly equal in length, the
lower broader and 3-lobed; spur shorter than the
lower lip, thick, obtuse, approximate to it.
In shallow ponds, New Brunswick to New Jersey,
near the coast. July.
192
LF.NTIBULARIACKAK.
[Vol,. III.
lo. Utricularia intermedia Hayne.
Flat-leaved IJlacUlcrwort. (.Fig. 3351.)
I'/i idiliii ia iiilfi iiiidia llayiie in Sclirad. Jourii.
Hot. i: 18. iS(K).
vScape capillary, 2'-io' liinh, naked, or with a
few scales. Hratichr « noatinjj;, a'-b' loiij;;
leaves W-Yz' loii^, more or less scattered, 2-
raiikcd, rejicatedly dichotonious, the segments
linear, ilat, ]^" wide or less, the margins bristly-
serrulate. Uladders, ^vith rare exceptions, home
on leafless branches; flowers 1-5, yellow; corolla
Yi' broad, its lower lip broad with a large palate
and exceeding the npper; spur conic, sub acute,
nearly as long as the lip, to which it is appresscd.
In shallow watir alonp the tnargins of pools and
ponds, Cape Hreton to liritisli Columbia, south to
New Jersey, Minnesota and California. Also in
Kurope. Tlie plant is eominonly propagated by
the velvely-lookinn winter buds, which arc buried
in the mud at its base. June-.Vug.
II. Utricularia fibrosa Walt. Fibrous Bladdeiwort. (F'ig. 3352.)
lUticula) ill fibrosa Walt. I'M. Car. (\\. 17SS.
Utricularia sli iaia I,e Conte, Ann. l.yc. N.
Y. i: 75. i82.(.
Utricularia hipartita Chapm. Fl. S. States,
283. 1S60.
Scape slender, naked, or with very few-
minute scales, 3'-i2' high. Leaves scat-
tered, dichotomously divided, small or
sometimes scarcely any, the segments cap-
illary; bladders often on leafless branches,
sometimes none; flowers 1-6, yellow; cor-
olla 4"-6" broad, the lips nearly equal,
broad, the upper undulate or 3-lobed, the
middle lobe striate; spur nearly linear, ob-
tuse, ascending, nearly equalling or some-
times exceeding the lower lip.
In shallow ponds and swamjis, I.ontr Island
to Florida and Louisiana, mostly in pine
barrens. June-July.
12. Utricularia minor L. Lesser
Bladdervvort. (Fig. 3353.)
utricularia minor 'L,. Sp. PI. 18. 1753.
Scapes slender, 2'-7' high. Branches floating,
short; leaves much scattered, dichotomously
divided, the divisions few and setaceous; blad-
ders borne among the leaves, few, often none,
the largest not over 1" long; flowers i-io, pale
yellow, racemose; corolla 2"-2," broad, ringent,
the upper lip smaller than the lower; spur usu-
ally reduced to a blunt broad protuberance,
shorter than the lips; pedicels rcflexed in fruit.
In shallow ponds and in bogs, Greenland and
Labrador to British Columbia, south to New Jersey,
.\rkansas, Utah and California. Also in Kurope.
June-July.
Vol,. III.]
nivADDERWORT FAMILY.
193
13. Utricularia gibba L. Humped Bladderwort. (Fig. 3354.)
I'liicularia f^ibha I,. Sp. I'l. 18. 1753.
r.foinicata I,c Coiile, Ann. I.yc. N. Y. i: 7(1. 1S24.
/'. >«;'«i)r Torr. V\. N.Y.J: 21. iS)}. Nut I,. 175,1.
Scapes riliforin. I'-.s' liigli, arising from sparing-
ly leafy, floating or creeping brandies. Leaves
root-like, in the mud or just above it, usually ileli-
cate, the divisions often only i or 2, capillary;
liladders few .ind minute, borne among the leaves,
the largest ahoi.t "j" long, or often none; flowers
I or 2, yellow; corolla },"-\" broad, its lips round-
ed, broad, entire, or undulate, about equal; spur
thick, conic, ascending, gibbous at the base, ob-
tuse, shorter than the lips.
Ill shallow water, or in nuul on tlu' borders of ponds
and pools. Ontario to Michittan, south to Alabainaand
Illinois. July-Au|^.
14. Utricularia biflora Lam. Two-flowered
Bladderwort. (Fig. 3355.)
Utricularia biftora I/iin. III. i: 50. 171)1.
Ulriciilaria ioii^iros/ris Le Coiite, Ann. I<yc. N. Y. l:
76. 1824. _
Scapes filiform, 2'-$' high, arising from long float-
ing branches. Leaves scattered, their divisions few,
finely capillary, often copiously bladder-bearing;
flowers I -,^, yellow; corolla 4"-6" broad, the lips
rounded, nearly equal; spur narrowly oblong, blunt,
curved upward, equalling the lower lip.
In shallow w.itir on the tuart;iiis of i)ond9, IJastern
JIassacluisetts and Kliode Island to Illinois, south to
Louisiana and Te.vas.
■•>■
-f
esser
loating,
bmously
Is; blad-
In none,
1 10, pale
lingent,
lur usu-
lerance,
In fruit.
Ind and
[Jersey,
IJuropc.
2. PINGUICULA L. Sp. PI. 17. 1753.
Acaulescent herbs, with fibrous roots, naked Ji-flowered circinate scapes, and basal
tufted entire leaves, the upper surface covered with a viscid secretion to which insects ad-
here, and arc captured by the involution of the sensitive leaf-margins. Calyx 4-5-parted, or
2-lipped, the lower lip 3-partcd, the upper 2-parted. Corolla 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-cleft,
the lower 3-cleft; base of the corolla saccate and contracted into a nectariferous spur. Cap-
sule 2-valvcd or 4-valvcd. Seeds oblong, wrinkled or reticulated. [Latin, piiigitis, fat,
the leaves seeming greasy to the touch.]
.Vb.iut ,50 species, of wide jjoosfr.ipliie distribution, cliielly in temperate and cold regions. He-
sides the following;, 4 otiiers are found in the soul'.iern United States.
Scapes villous, i'-2' high; leaves oval, ,V'-6" long. i. P. z'iHosa.
Scapes glabrous or minutely downy; leaves ovate or elliptic, i'-2' long. 2. P. z'lili^aris.
I. Pinguicula villosa I,. Hairy Butterwort.
(Fig. 3356.)
Piiigtiicida villosa L.'Sp. I'l. 17. 1753.
Pinguicula aculi/olia Michx. Fl. Bor. .Vm. I: 11. 1803.
Scapes slender, villous, i'-2' high. Leaves 3 or 4, oval,
obtuse, 2)"-(>" 'ung, i"-}/' wide, sessile, or petioled; petioles
short, villous; flowers ' broad; corolla pale violet with a
yellowish-striped throa 2-lipped, the upper lip 2-partcd,
the ower arger, 3-parted, the tube abruptly contracted into
a straight linear or oblong bluut spur i;^"-2" long,
and Hudson Day to Alaska. Also in Greenland.
Labrador
Summer.
13
mm
194
LENTIHUIvARIACIvAR.
[Vol. III.
Pinguicula alpina I., is n-ported to have bttn colk'
cited. It may be known by its reeurvtd 1
the corolla.
2. Pinguicula vulgikris L. But-
terwort. Hog or Marsh Violet.
(Fig- 3357-)
Pi)if;ui(Ula viilgaiis I,. S)). PI 17. I7,S.V
Scapes jjlnbrous, or niiinitely puberii-
Icnt, 2'-6' liigli. Leaves 3-7 in a rosette
at the base of the scape, greasy to the
touch on the upper surface, ovate to
lanceolate, obtuse, l'-2' long, ^"-lo"
wide, short-jx!tioled, or sessile; corolla
violet-purple, ,^"-4" broad when expand-
ed, 2 lipped, the upper lip 2-lobed, the
lower 3-lobed, larger, the tube gradually
contracted into an acute or obtuse nearly
straight spur 2"-^" long; capsule glo-
bose ovoid, longer than the caly.x.
On wit rocks or in Rravelly rivulit beds,
N'lwfoundliMid and I.iibrador to Alaska,
south to Vermont, nortlurn New York,
Aliiimsota and Hritish Columbia. -Mso in
(irceiiland, liurope and northern Asia.
Other ICnulish names are lUanweed, York-
.■iliire Saniele, Slice]) root or -rot, Kot urass,
Slueii weed, and Steep- or liarninK Krass,
from its use in eurdlinn milk. luly-.\UK.
led in Labrador but not sullicie.ciy authenti-
ibtuse conic spur, not one-lialf as loiijr as the lower lip of
1S36.
Family 29. OROBANCHACEAE Liiull. Nat. Sy.st. Kd. 2, 287.
HKOOM-R.M'IC 1',\mii,y.
Erect, sii:iple or branched, brown yello\vi.sh purplish or nearly white root-
parasites, the leaves reduced to alternate appre.s.sed scales, the flowers perfect,
irregular (rarely cleistogamous), .sessile in temiinal bracted spikes, or .solitary
and peduncled in the axils of the scales. Calyx inferior, gaino.sepalous, 4-5-
toothed, 4-5-cleft, or .split nearly or quite to the base on one or both sides.
Corolla gamopetalous, more or less oblique, the tube cylindric, or expanded
above, the limb 2-lipped, 5-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, in.serted on the
tube of the corolla and alternate with its lobes, a fifth rudimentary one occasion-
ally present; filaments slender; anthers 2-celled, the sacs parallel, equal.
Ovary superior, i -celled, the four placentae parietal; ovules numerous, anatrop-
ous; .style .slender; .stigma discoid, 2-lobed, or .sometimes 4-lobed. Capsule
I -celled, 2-valved. Seeds numerous, reticulated, wrinkled or striate; embryo
minute; cotyledons scarcely differentiated.
.Vbout II genera and 200 species of wide geographic distril.utitn, nu slly in the nortlicin I'.imis-
phere.
Flowers all complete and perfect.
Calyx 2-5-tootlicd.
Calyx about equally 5 cleft; no bracis on pedicels nor calyx. I. Thali'sia.
Calyx une(|ually toothed, or split on both sides; flowers bracted. 2. Oinhaiiclie.
C.ilyx spatliclike, split on the lower side, 3- (toothed on the upper. 3. Coiiop/io/is.
Lower (lowers cleistogamous, fertile; upper comiilele, mostly sterile. 4. Leplaiiiiiiiim.
I. THALESIA Raf. Am. Month. Mag. 2: 267. 1818.
[ANorr.AN-THis Kndl. Icon. Gen. PI. 12. f)l. J2. 1S3S.]
[Ai-nvi<r,oN A. Gray, ^lan. 290. 1S48.]
Glandular or viscid-pubescent simple-stemmed herbs, parasitic on the roots of various
plants, with scattered scales, and loiig-peduncled yellowish white or violet, complete and per-
fect bractlcss flowers. Calyx campanulate or hemispheric, nearly equally 5-cleft, the lobes
acute or acuminate. Corolla oblique, the tube elongated, curved, the limb slightly 2-lipped,
the upper lip erect-spreading, 2-lolx?d, the lower spreading, 3-lobed, the lobes all nearly
equal. Stamens included; anther-sacs mucrouate at the base. Ovary ovoid; placentae
equidistant, or contiguous in pairs; style slender, deciduous; stigma peltate, or transversely
2-lamcllate. [Dedicated to Thales.]
About 3 species, natives of North America.
Stem very short; peduncles i-|, erect; calyx-lobes lanceolate, acuminate. i. T. uniflora.
Stem erect, 2'-5' high; peduncles several; calyx-lobes broad, acutt. 2. T.fasciculala.
Vou. III.]
liROOM-R.VPE FAMILY.
'95
inous
1(1 per-
] lobes
Ipped,
liearly
lentae
trsely
Ira.
\i/a/a.
Naked
Hroniii-
335«J
rape.
icDIl. Cell. I'l. 12
I. Thalesia unifldra (L.) Hrittoti. Pale or
One- flowered Broom-rape. Caiicer-root.
Oiohaiulir inii/lma h. Sp. I'l. Cl^^. I75.i
AiiDplanllius niii/li'ins Hiull
fl. 7-'. iS,1«.
AphvltoH iinifloiiim T. ftfl,; A. C.riiy, Man. ago.
lt*,iS.
'/'. Hiiijiora lirittoii, Mum. Torr. Club, 5: S").'^. 189.}.
Stem usually less thau i' louj;. nearly sub-
turraiieati, bearing several ovate-oljlong scales
and r-.^ sletnler erect scape-like glamUilar-
puberulent naked 1 -flowered peduncles ,^'-8'
liigli. Calyx canipanulate, pubescent, glandu-
lar, 4"-5" high, less than one-half the length
of the corolla, its lobes as long as the tube or
longer, lanceolate, acuminate; corolla white
or violet, jniberulent without, >\"-\2" long,
the curved tube about ;, times as long as the
limb, the short lobes oval or obovate, obtuse;
placentae nearly C(iuidtstant; capsule ovoid,
longer than the calyx.
In woods and tliicktts, piirasilic on the nidtsof
various herbs, N( wfouiulland to liritisli Culuinbia,
Virginia, Ohio, Tcxasand California. .Vpril -June.
2. Thalesia fasciculata (Xtttt.)
Hrittoii. Cltistered or Yellow Cancer-
root. (Fig. 3359.)
Orobaiiclie/asciciilalatixM. ('.en. 2: ;^9. 1S18.
Aiuiplaullius /ii.uicii/a/ii.i \\'a\\). Kep. 3: |So.
AfilivlloH /asciiiilahitit A. Gray, Syn. I'l. 2:
I'arl I, 312. 1S7S.
Thalesia faschiilala liritton, Mem. Torr. Club.
5: 29S. 1S94.
Stem erect, 2'-4' high, densely glandular-
pubescent, bearing several scales and ,,-15
naked i-flowercd peduncles l'-4' long.
Calyx glandular, broadly campanulatc, 3"-
5" high, about one-third the length of the
corolla, its lobes triangular-lanceolate or tri-
angular-ovate, acute, equalling or shorter
than the tube; corolla nearly r' long, pur-
plish-yellow, puberulcnt without, the curved
tube ,s times as long as the limb, the lobes
oblong, obtuse, the limb more manifestly
2-lipped than in the preceding species; cap-
sule ovoid to globose.
Ill siindv soil, parasitic on the roots of various plants, luirthern Indiana to the Northwest Territory
and liritish Columbia, south to Nebraska, Arizona and California. .Vpril-.AuK.
Thalesia fasciculata liitea ( Parry) liritton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 29S. i-'>9t.
Phelihara lulea Parry. Ainer. Nat. 8: 214. i.''7.|.
Apliyllon /a.ui(i//a/iiiii var. Inleuni A. Cray, Syn. V\. 2: Part i, 312. 187S.
Whole plant HrIU yellow. Western Nebraska and Wyomiii(>:.
2. OROBANCHE L. Sp. PI. 632. 1753.
Glandular-pubescent, erect simple or branched, reddish yellowish violet or nearly white
herbs, parasitic on the roots of various plants, with scattered scales, and spicate or racemose,
complete and perfect, bracted and sometimes bracteolate flowers. Calyx split both above
and below, nearly or quite to the base, the divisions 2.cleft or rarely entire, or tnore or less
unequally 2-5-toothcd. Corolla oblique, strongly 2-lipped; upper lip erect, emarginate or
alobed; lower lip spreading, 3-lcbed. Stamens included; anther-sacs mostly niucronate
at the base. Placentae equidistant, or approxituate in pairs. .Style slender, commonly per-
sistent until after the dehiscence of the capsule; stigma peltate to funnelform, entire, or later-
ally adamellatc. [Greek, Choke-Vetch.]
About 90 species, natives of the Old World and western .\merica, Besides the following some 6
others occur in the western parts of North America.
'
196
OROIIANCHACEAE.
[Vol.. III.
Calyx 4 tootliffl; Bteiim moHtly brnnclii'd.
Calyx split iiti liolli sides; slcm siiiipk',
C:ilyx .sclift, stem simple.
.?
I. O. lamout.
J. O. minor.
T,. (). l.iidoz'iciaiia.
I. Orobanche ramdsa L. Ilcnip or
Hranched Hrooin-rapc. (iMg. 3360.)
OiolhiHche rainosa I,. Sp. I'l. 6ij. I75,v
Plant yellowish; stem rather slender, branched,
or rarely simple, 3'-i5' hiKh, tlie scales few and
distant, 2"-^" loun. Spike loosely many-llowered,
denser above than l)elow, the lowest flowers short-
pcdicelled; bracts usually 3, the longest about equal-
linj; the calyx; calyx 4-toothed, the teetli triangular-
ovate, acute, or acuminate, about as long as the
tube; corolla 5"-9" long, the tube yellow, slightly
constricted above the ovary, the limb bluish.
■ Parasitic im till- nxilsof liiinpati(Ui)l)acco, Ki'iitucky.
Adventtvi.' or naturalized from l';uiopf. SumiiRT.
2. Otobanche minor J. ]•'. Smith.
lycsser or Clover Broom-rape. Ilerb-
batie. (Fig. 3361.)
O. minor], IC. Smith, ICurI. Hot. />/. ./.'-''. 1797.
Plant yellowish brown; stem rather stout, sim-
ple, .('-20' high; lower scales mimcrous, ovate-
oblong, the upper lanceolate, acute, scattered,
3"- 10" long. Spike dense, or the lower flowers
separated, j'-S' long; bracts lanceolate, equal-
ling or longer than the flowers; flowers 5"-9"
long; calyx split both above and below, each of
the lateral segments 2-clcft, the teeth lanceolate-
subulate; corolla-tube yellowish, scarcely con-
stricted above the ovary, the limb bluish.
Parasitic on the roots of clover, New Jersey to
V'irKiuia. Natur.ili/.ed from lviinj]ie. Called also
IJevil's-rool and Hell-root. May-July.
3. Orobanche Ludoviciana Nutt. I^oiiis-
iana Broom-rape. (Fig. 3362.)
Orohanche Lmioiu'ciaiia Nutt. ('.en. 2: 58. iSiS.
Aphvllon Lndovicianum A. Gray, Hot. Cal. i: 585.
1S76.
.Stems stout, simple, solitary or clustered, viscid-
puberulent, 4'-i2' high, scaly. Flowers 6"-S" long,
very numerous in dense terminal spiki..-*, 1-2-bractcd
under the calyx; calyx 5-clcft, the lobes somewhat
unequal, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, longer than
the corolla-tube, or shorter; corolla 2-lipped, pur-
plish, its tube narrow, about twice as long as the
limb; anthers woolly; capsule ovoid-oblong, shorter
than the calyx.
In sandy soil, Illinois to the Northwest Territory, south
to Texas, Arizona and California. June-Aug.
3. CONOPHOLIS Wallr. Orobanch. 78. 1825.
An erect stout simple glabrous, densely scaly, light brown herb, parasitic on the roots of
trees, with yellowish flowers 2-bracteolate under the calyx, in a thick dense bracted spike, the
Vol.. III.]
BROOM-RAIM-; FAMIIA'.
197
585-
viscid-
l" long,
Ibractcd
iiewhat
tr than
[A, pur-
aa the
Ishorter
ly, south
toots of
Ike, the
briicts similar to tiie scales of the stem. Calyx ohlir|uc, deeply split 011 the lower side, ,-^-4*
tootlieil on the upper. Corolla strongly a-lipped, the lube slightly curved, the upper lip
concave, nearly erect, cmarginatc, the lower spreading, .^-lohed. Stamens exserted; anther-
sacs bristly jiubesccnt, I'liccntac about ecjuidistant; stigma capitate, obscurely 2-lamcllale.
Capsule ovoid-globose. [Greek, signifying a scaly cone.]
Two known s)iiriis, one of eastern North
Anaricn, the oilier Mixican.
1. Conopholis Americana (L. f. )
Wallr. Squiuv-root. (i''iK- 33^'3- )
On'hiDiihr Ainri iiana I,, f. .Stippl. «S. 1767.
Co no f> ho I is Anu'iicaiia Wallr. Orubnticli. 78.
1825.
I'lauts 3'-io' high from a thickened base,
light brown, usually clustered, covered all
over with slifTimbricated scales. I'pper scales
lanceolate or ovate, acute, 6"- 10" long, the
lowest much shorter; flowers about ,'i' long,
exceedingly numerous in the dense spike
which is ()"-\o" thick; corolla pale yellow,
somewhat exceeding the calyx; anthers sagit-
tate; capsule ovoid-globosc, ^"-~," high.
In rich woods at bases of tms (Candida?); Maine
to MicliiKan. siailh to I'lorida. Called also Can-
cer-root and ICarth Club. April- Auk.
4. LEPTAMNIUM Rat. Am. Month. Mag. 2: 267. Feb. 1818.
[Ki'ii-AC.is Nutt. Gen. 2; 60. i.SiS.]
An erect slender glabrous, purplish or yellowish, rather stilT branching herb, parasitic on
the roots of the beech, with few small scattered scales, and sessile dimorphous flowers, dis-
tantly spicate on the branches, the lower cleistogamous, abundantly fertile, the upper com-
plete but mostly sterile. Calyx short, nearly efinally 5-toothed. Corolla of the upper (lowers
cyliudric, slightly flattened laterally, the tul)e much longer than the 4-lobed liml), the upper
lobe concave, larger than the ;, lower ones; stamens not exserted; anther-sacs mucronulale
at the base; style filiform, 2.1obed; ovary with an adnate gland on the upper side near the
base. Corolla of the lower flowers minute, not unfolding, borne like a hood on the summit
of the ovoid ovary; style very short; placentae contiguouB in pairs; capsuleat length J-valved
at the summit, [dreek, referring to the small cal)x.]
A nionotypic genus of eastern North .\nierica.
I. Leptamnium Virginianum (L.)
Raf. Beech-drops. (Fig. 3364.)
Oro/iaiic/ie I'lnriniaiia I,. Sp. PI. 633. 175,5.
/■:/>i/<li,nis Ameiicaiin Nutt. Gen. 2: 60, 1818.
Kpiphf^us I'irginiana Bart. Conip. I'l. Phil.
2: so. 1818.
LefilamuiiDii I'irffiniaiiuin Raf.; A. Gmy, Syn.
i'l. 2: Part i, 31.). 187.S. As synonym.
Plant 6'-?° high from a thick scaly base,
the roots ijrittlc, fdjrous. Stem paniculately
branched, the brancnes straight, ascending;
scales very few and small; corolla of the
upper flowers ^"-z" long and i" thick,
striped with purple and white, the limb not
at all spreading; stamens about as long as
the corolla; style slightly exserted; lower
flowers ij^" long, the corolla resembling the
calyptra of a moss; capsule 3" high, some-
what oblique and compressed, many-seeded.
In beech woods, New Brunswick to Florida,
west to Ontario, Michigan, Missouri and Louisi-
ana. Called also Cancer-root. Aug.-Oe'i..
"^^F
4 %\
1 98
lUCNONIACKAE.
[Vol.. III.
Family 30. BIGNONIACEAE Pcrs. Syii. 2: 168. 1807.
Tur.Mi'i;'!' ckKKi'i.R 1'amii.v.
Trees, shrubs or woody vines, a few exotic species herbs, with opposite
(rarely alternate) conipoiuul or simple leaves, and mostly larja^e and .show}', clus-
tered terminal or axillary, more or less irregular flowers. Calyx inferior, gamo-
sepalons. Corolla gamopetalous, funnelform, canipanulate, or tubular, 5-lobed,
.somewhat 2-lij)ped, at least in the bud. Anther-bearing stamens 2 or 4, in-
serted on the tube of the corolla and alternate with its lobes; anthers 2-celled,
the sacs longitudinally dehjscent. Disk atmular or cup-like. Ovary sessile or
stalked, mostly 2-celled; placentae parietal, or on the partition-wall of the ovary;
ovules very numerous, horizontal, anatropmis; style slender; stigma terminal,
2-lobed. Capsule 2-valved, loculicidally, septifragally or septicidally dehiscent.
Seeds llat, transverse, winged in our genera; endosperm none; cotyledons broad
and flat, eniarginate 01 2-lobed; radicle short, straight.
Abinitiin (>L'iR'r,i ami 500 species of \vi<le iJiooKraiiluc ilislributiou ill Iropical rcKioiis, <t. few in the
iiorUi and soutli Uiiiperale zones.
Leaves coiniinuiul ; atitlier-l)iariii«' slanu-lis i; oiir species vines.
Calyx-linil) niuhilale; capsnle llatleiied parallel witli its partition-wall. i. /Iii;iti>iiia.
Calyx 5 tootlieil; capsule eoinpresseil at riiiflil anj^les to its partition wall. 2. Tecoina.
Leaves simple; aiitlier-beariiifr stamens mostly 2; trees. 3. Calalpa.
I. BIGNONIA L. Sp. PI. 633. 1753.
Woody vines, with o])|)osite j-vfoliolale leaves, the terminal leaflet usually reduced to a
leutlril (some tropical species with decompound <h- even simple leaves), and larj^e flowers iu
axillary cymes or terminal p iiiiclcs. Calyx cauipaiinlatc, the limh merely undulate, truncate
or sli.nhtlv 5-toothed. Tube of the corolla much expanded above the calyx, the limb some-
what 2-lipped, 5-l<il)ed, the lobes rounded. .•\nllier-bearingstamens.4, didynamous, included,
inserted near the base of the corolla; .inther-sacs ghibrous, divergent. Capsule linear, flat-
tened ])arallcl with the thin ]iarliU(in, septifragally dehiscent, the margins of the valves more
or less thickened. Seeds in i or 2 rows on both margins of the partition, \viiigc<l, much
broailer than high, the wing entire, or erose at the end. [Named after the .\bbe liignon,
1662-1745, libraiian to I.onis X\'.]
About 150 species, natives of .America. The followinjf.is tlie only one known in tlie I'liiled States.
I. Bignonia crucigera L. Tendrillcd
Trum])L't-llower. Cross-vine. (Fig. o3''5-)
l!ii;iiiun'a (i iiiit;ria I.. .Sp. PI. t)2|. 1755.
JliiiiiKiiiti i\if>i fiiliila I.. Inc. cit. 175.V
A glabrous woody vine, oflcii climbing to the
height of 40^-60=, the steins sometimes 4' iu diam-
eter, exhibiting a conspicuous cross iu the trans-
verse section. Leaves petioled, commonly with
small simple stipule-like ones in their axils, 2-folio-
late, terminated by a branched tendril; leaflets
stalked, oblong or ovate, entire, acute or acuminate
at the apex, cordate at the base, pinnatcly veined,
3'-7' long; c\iiics numerous, short-peduucled, 2-5-
flowercd; pedicels i'-2' long; calyx membranous;
corolla 2' long, orange and pnberuleiit without,
yellow within; capsule s'-~' long, H"-io'''' broad,
very llat, each valve longitudinally iiierved; seeds
broadly wingcfl laterally, narrowly winged above
and below, i '2' broad.
In ill .ist woods, Viijjinia to I'lorida and Louisiana,
north to Oliio and soiitliern Illilloi^.. Called also Ouar-
ler \'iiie. .April June.
2. TECOMA Juss. Gen. 139. i7»y.
Climbing woody vines with aerial rootlets, or] erect shrubs, with opposite pinnately
compound or sometimes simple leaves, and large sliowy red or orange flowers, in terminal
corymbs, racemes, or panicles. Calyx tubular-campanulate, somewhat unequally s-toothed.
Corolla-tube elongated, cnlarge<l above the calyx, narrowly canipanulate, the limb slightly
2-lippcd, ,s-lobed, the lobes spreading. .Vntherbearing stamens 4, didynamous, ascending
under the upper lip; auther-.sacs divergent, glabrous or slightly pubescent. Capsule
elongated, slightly compressed at right-angles to the partition, loculicidally and septicidally
dehiscent, .Seeds in 1,2 or several rows on each side of the margins of the partition,
winged, the wing translucent. [I'roni the Aztec name TccotnaxochitL]
Vor,. III.]
TRUMPET-CREErER FAMILY.
199
)
liiately
rinitiiil
lothed.
inhtly
gilding
ipsule
liilly
Itilion,
Aliout So species, njitivcs of warm and temperate rcfcions of both the Old World and the New.
Besides the following, another occurs in the southern United States.
I. Tecoma radicans (L.) DC. Trumpet-flower. Trumpet-creeper.
(Fig. 3366.)
Jliffiioiiia radicans L. Sp. PI. 624. 175^
Tecoma lai/icans DC. I'rodr. 9: 223. iS.(5.
A woody vine, climbing to the height of 20°-40°,.
or ])rostrate if meeting no snpport. I,eaves petiolcd,
odd-pinnate, not tendril-bearing, S'-l.s' long; leaf-
lets 7-1 r, ovate to lanceolate, short-stalked, sharply
serrate, reticiilate-veined, glabrous, or pubescent
on the veins beneath, acute or acuminate at the apex,
narrowed at the base, i^ '-3' long; flowers corym-
bose, short-pedicelled; corymbs 2-9-flowercd; calyx
coriaceous, about l' long; corolla .scarlet, 2)i' long,
the lube veined within, 3 times as long as the limb;
anther-sacs glabrous; stigma spatulate; cajjsule
stalked, 4'-6' long, 10" in diameter, narrowed at
both ends, little (lattened, ridged Jibove and below
by the margins of the valves: seeds in several rows
on each sutface of the partition, broadly winged
laterally, the wing eroded.
In moist woods and thickets, soiitlurn New Jersey
and Pennsylvania to I'lorida and Texas, north to Illi-
nois. ICsc'iipeil from cultivation f\irtlier north. Called
also Trumpet-vine and Trnnipet Asli. ,\UK.-Sept.
I. CATALPA Scop. lutrod. 170. 1771.
Trees, or some exotic species shrubs, with opposite or rarely verticillate .simple petioled
leaves, and large showy white or mottled flowers in terminal panicles or corymbs. Calyx
closed in the bud, splitting irregularly or into 2 lips in ojiening. Corolla-tube campanulate
or obconic, olilique, expanded above, 2-lippe(l, 5-lobed, the lobes all spreading, their mar-
gins crisped. Anther-bearing stamens 2, ascending under the upper lip of the corolla; an-
ther-sacs glabrous, linear or oblong, divergent; sterile stamens (staminodi,") 3, short (or oc-
casionally 4 perfect didyuainous stamens and I staininodiuin'i. Disk obsolete. Ovary sessile,
2-cclIe(l; ovules in 2several rows on the sides of the jjartition. Caps\de elongated-linear,
terete, loculicidally dehiscent. Seeds flat, the large lateral wings dissected into capillary
processes. [The .American Indian name of the first species below.]
.'\bout 7 species, the followinsj in eastern Nortli America, 2 in eastern .Vsia, 2 or 3 in the West
Indies.
Corolla tliiekly spotted within, I'-i ';' lonn. the lower lobt- entire. 1. C. Calalpa
Corolla little spotted, 2' long, the lower lobe emarginate. 2. C. speciosa.
I. Catalpa Catalpa (L.) Karst. Catalpa.
Indian Bean. Candle-tree. 15ean-tree.
(Fig- 33t'7-)
Jiii;)ioii>a Catalfta I,. ,Sp. I'l. 622. I7,S3.
Cd/a//>a In'i; 110)1 ioidrs Walt. 1"1. Car. 61'. 17S8.
Colalfa Catalpa Karst. Deutseh. I'l. 927. 1880-83.
.\ tree, with thin llaky bark, reaching a maximum
height of about 60" and a trunk diameter of 4°, the
branches spreading. Leaves strong-scented, broadly
ovate, entire, or 3-lobed, acute or acuminate at the
apex, densely pubescent beneath, becoming gla-
brous above, obtuse at the base, 6'-i2' long, the
lobes, when present, acuminate; petioles stout,
nearly as long as the blade; flowers white.numerous,
mottled with yellow and purple within, I'-l'/i'
long, in large terminal erect panicles; corolla-tube
campanulate, the lower lobe entire; capsules lo'-l3'
long, 4"-s" thick, thin-walled, drooping.
In woods in the Gulf States. JCscaped from cultiva-
tion northward as fir as Pennsylvania niid southern
New York. Wood brown, soft, weak, durable in eon-
tact with the soil. Weight per cubic foot 28 lbs.
June-Jidy.
200
BIGNONIACEAE.
[Vol.. III.
2. Catalpa speciosa Warder.
Catawba Tree. Larger Indian Bean.'
(Fig. 3368.)
Catalpa speciosa Warder; Kiigelm.' Coult. Hot.
r.az. 5: I. 18S0.
Catalpa cvrdifotia Duliam. Nouvtaii, a;'//. 5.
1S02. Not Moenrli, 1794.
A tree, with thick rough bark, reaching a
niaxiuiuni height of 120° and a diameter
trunk of4^°, siniilartotheprecedingspecies.
Leaves not unpleasantly scented, broadly
ovate.coninionly entire.long-acuniinate at the
apex; panicles few-flowered; corolla faintly
mottled within, the tube obconic, the limb
only slightly oblique, the lower lobe eniar-
giiiate; capsule thick-walled, lo'-2o' long,
nearly 10" in diameter.
In wdiids, soutlicrn Illinoisto Tennessee, west
to Missouri and Arkansas. Wood brown, soft,
weak, durable. Weight per cubic foot 26 lbs.
5Iaj--Juue.
Family 31. MARTYNIACEAE Unk, Ilandb. i: 504. 1829.
U N ICO R N-r r, A.N T 1' A M 1 1. Y.
Herbs, with opposite leaves, or the upper sometimes alternate, and perfect
irregular flowers, racemose in our species. Calyx inferior, 4-5-cleft or 4-5-
parted or sometimes .split to the base on the lower side. Corolla gamopetalous,
irregular, the tube oblique, often decurved, the limb slightly 2-lipped, 5-lobed,
the lobes nearly equal, the 2 upper ones exterior in the bud. Anther-bearing
stamens 4, didynamous, or the posterior pair sterile; anthers 2-celled, the sacs
longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary i -celled, with 2 parietal placentae expanded
into broad surfaces, or 2-4-celled by the intrusion of the placentae or by false
partitions; ovules numerous or few in each cavity of the ovary, anatropous;
style slender; stigma 2-lobed or 2-lamellate. Fruit various in the different
genera. Seeds oblong or orbicular, compre.s.sed, wingless or narrowly winged;
endosperm none; embryo large; cotyledons fleshy, flat; radicle short and straight.
Three genera and lo species, mainly tropical.
I. MARTYNIA L. Sp. PI. 618. 1753.
Coarse diffusely branched glandular-pubescent and viscid strong-scented herbs, with oppo-
site or alternate long-petioled leaves, and large violet purple whitish or mottled flowers in
short terminal racemes. Calyx l-2-bracteolate at the base, campanulate, inflated, unequally
5-cleft, deciduous. Corolla funuelform-campanulate, obliiiue, decurved, the 5 lobes nearly
equal, spreading. Stamens 4 in our species; anthers gland-tipped, their sacs divergent.
Ovary i-celled, the 2' parietal placentae intruded and expanded in the center of the cavity
into broad surfaces bearing the ovules in i or 2 rows. Fruit an incurved beaked loculicidally
2-valved capsule, the exocarp somewhat fleshy, the eiidocarp fibrous, woody, crested below
or also above, 4-cellcd by the extension of the placentae. Seeds numerous, tuberculate.
[Named for John Martyn, 1693-1768, professor of botany at Cambridge, England.]
.\bout 8 species, natives of .\merica. Besides the following, 2"others occur^in the southwesi-
ern United States.
Vol. III.]
UXIC()RN-PI..\NT FAMILY.
20I
I. Martynia Louisiana Mill. Unicorn- Plant. Klephant's Trunk.
Double-claw. (Fig. 3369.)
Rr. Louisiana Mill. Clard. Diet. lid. 8, no. 3. 1768.
jird) /j/nia piv/wscidca G\ox. Obs. 14. ij'io-
Auuual, densely glandular-pubescent all over;
stem stout, much branched, the branches pros-
trate or ascending, i°-3° long. Leaves broadly
ovate to orbicular, rounded at the apex, cordate
at the base, rcpand, undulate or entire, y-J2' in
diameter, the petiole stout, mostly longer than
the blade; bractlcts at the base of the calyx ob-
long or linear, deciduous; calyx somewhat cleft
ou the lower side; racemes several-flowered;
pedicels slender; corolla whitish or yellowish,
mottled with purple or yellow within, I ^'-2'
long, the limb nearly as broad, the lobes obtuse;
stamens all anther-bearing; fruit strongly
curved, 4'-6' long when tnature, the beak longer
than the body, splitting into 2 elastically di-
verging segments, the endocarp crested ou the
under side only.
In waste placLS, escnptd from gardLiis, Jlaine
to Xiw JcrsLV and Nortli Carolina. Native in the
Mississippi Valky from Iowa and Illinois south-
ward. July-Si.pt.
1S05.
ise
illy
rly
ut.
itv
lly
ow
te.
Family 32. ACANTHACEAE J. St. Hil. Expos. Fam. i: 236.
AC.\NTIUS r\\MILV.
Herbs, or .some tropical genera shrubs or small trees, with opposite simple
exstipulate leaves, and irregular or nearly regular perfect flowers. Calyx in-
ferior, persistent, 4-5-parted or 4-5-cleft, the sepals or segments imbricated,
equal or unequal. Corolla gamopetalous, nearly regularly 5-lobed with the
lobes convolute in the bud, or con.spicuously 2-lipped. Aiither-benring stamens
4, didynamous, or 2 only; anthers mostly 2-celled, the sacs longitudinally de-
hiscent. Disk annular, or cup-like. Ovary 2-celled; ovules 2-10 in each cavity,
anatropous or amphitropous; style filiform, simple; stigmas i or 2. Capsule
dry, 2-celled, loculicidally elastically 2-valved. Seeds globose or orbicular, not
winged, borne on curved projections (retinacula) from the placentae, the testa
close, mostly roughened, often developing .spiral threads and mucilage when
wetted. luulosperm in the following genera none; cotyledons flat, commonly
cordate.
About 175 genera and iSoo species, natives of temperate and tropical regions of the Old World
and the New.
Corolla convolute in the bud, nearly regular; stamens 4.
Ovules 2 in each cavity; capsule 2-4seeded.
Ovules ,^-io in each cavity; capsule 6-20seeded.
Corolla imbricated in the bud, strongly 2-lipped; stamens 2.
Lower lij) of the corolla vdeft; flowers hracted, not invoUicrate.
Lower lip of the corolla entire or 3-toothed; flowers involucrate.
1. Calophanes.
2. RiicUia.
3. Ih'a)illiera.
4. Diapi'dium.
I. CALOPHANES Don ; Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. (II). //. rSr. 1833.
Erect or procuml>etit perennial herbs or shrubs, with entire leaves (smaller ones some-
times fascicled in their axils), and blue or purple, rather large, bracted flowers, axillary, soli-
tary or clustered. Calyx deeply 5-cleft, the lobes setaceou.-. Corolla futinelform, the tube
slightly curved, enlarged above, or cylindraceous, the limb spreading, 5-lobed, somewhat
2-lipped, the lobes rounded, sinistrorsely convolute in the bud. Stamens 4, didynamous, in-
cluded, all anther-bearing in our species; anther-sacs uiucronatc at the base. Ovules 2 in
each cell of the ovary; summit of the style recurved; stigma simple, or of 2 unequal lobes.
Capsule oblong, linear, narrowed at the base, 2-4-seeded. Seeds flat, orbicular, attached by
their edges to the retinacula. [Greek, beautiful appearance.]
About 30 species, of wide distribution in warm and tropical regions. Besides the following, 4
others occiir in the southern and southwestern United States.
202
ACANTHACEAE.
[Vor,. III.
I. Calophanes oblongifolia (Michx.)
Don. Calophanes. (Fig. 3370. )
Kuellia bifloia I.. Sp. PI. 635. I7,S3 ?
Ji. ohloiiirj/oliii Michx. I"l. Hon Am. 2: 23. 1803.
Ca/(>/>/itiiu.s oA/o/zf/'/o//!/ Don; Swctt, llrit. I'l.
Gard. (ID />/. /S/. i,S,vv
Jh'/>ffiaiant/iiis bijlonis Neus, Liiiiiaca, 16: 294.
1 8.) 2.
Rootstocks liori/ontal, slender. Stems
slender, erect, simple, or branched below,
pubescent or jjuberulcnt, obtusely .(-angled,
6'-i5' liiKli, rather stiff. Leaves ascending
or erect, ol)loiij,'or oval, rounded at the apex,
somewhat narrowed at the base, very short-
pelioled, or sessile, pubescent or glabrate,
S'^-is" long; flowers commonly solitary in
the axils; cilyxsegmcnts filiform, hirsute,
exceeding the oblong obtuse bractlcts; cor-
olla blue, or mottled with purple, S"-i2"
long, slightly 2-lipped, its tnl>e enlarged
above; capsule oblong, about one-half the
Icngtli of the calyx; anther-sacs mncrouate-
aristate at the base.
Ill sandy pine barrens, VirRiiiia to I'Uirida,
mainly near the coast. Junt-Scpt.
2. RUELLIA L. Sp. PL 634. 1753.
Perennial herbs, or shrubs, mostly pubescent, with entire or rarely dentate leaves, and
large violet blue white or yellow flowers, solitary or clustered in the axils, or cymose in tcr-
tniiial panicles. Calyx 5-cleft, or s-partcd, the segments narrow. Corolla fnnnelform or
salvcrform, the tube usually narrow, slightly enlarged above, the limb spreading, 5 lobed,
the lobes obtuse, mostly neatly e(inal, sinistrorscly convolute in the bud. Stamens 4, in-
cluded or cxserted; anther-sacs not mncronate at the base. Ovules ,^-io in each cavity of the
ovary; apex of '.iie style recurved; stigma simple, or of 2 unecjual lobes. Capsule oblong
or club shaped compresFcd or terete, 6-20-seeded. Seeds compressed, ovate or orbicular, at-
tached by their edges to the retinacula. [Named for I. Riiel or de la Ruelle, 1474-1537, an
early I'rench herbalist.]
About 200 species, mainly of tropical .\nierica. a few in .\frica, Asia ami Australia. Desides
the following:, some 5 others occur in the southern and sonlliwestern I'nited States.
Flowers sessile or nearly so.
Calyxsefrmeiils linear-lanceolate, scarcely cxeeedinpf the cai)sule. i. R. s/ir/iciis.
Calyxsesfineiils lllifornrlinear, iiinch exceeding; the capsule. 2. A', n'/in.sa.
I'lowers ped-ncled; peduncle with two large bracts at the snintnit. 3. Jf. pediiiiciilala.
I. Ruellia strepens L,. Smooth Ruellia. (Fig. 3371.)
Rucllia alrcfeits I.. .Sp. PI. 6,5;. 175,5.
Cilabrate, or somewhat pubescent; stem
erect, .slender, simple, or branched, 4-side<l,
i°-4° high, the branches ascending. Leaves
oblong, oval, or ovate, petiolcd, acute or sub-
acute at the apex, narrowed at the ba.sc, o'-6'
long; petioles 2"-u/'long; flowers solitary or
several together in the axils; calyx-segments
linear-lanceolate, shorter than the corolla-
tube, slightly pubescent or ciliate, S"-i2"
long, /<"-!" wide; corolla blue, I li '-2' long,
the limb nearly as broad, the tube about as
long as the throat and limb; capsule club-
shaped, longer than or equalling the calyx.
In dry woods, Pennsylvania to Wisconsin,
south to Florida and Texas. JIay-July.
Ruellia strepens micrantha (Engelm. & Gray)
liritton.
J)il>leracaiillnts micraiilhus Ivngelm. & Gray,
Host. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5: 257. 1845.
Ruellia atrcpciis var. cleislantha A. Gray, Syn.
PI. 2; Part I, 327. 1S78.
Flowers mostly cleistogamous; leaves often
narrower. Range of the type.
Vol,. III.]
ACANTHUS FAMILY.
203
2. Ruellia cilidsa Piirsli.
Hairy Ruellia. (Fig. 3372.)
Kuellia ciliosa Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 420. iSt4.
vSiinilar to the preceding species, but hir-
sute or pubescent, at least above; stem erect,
or ascciuling, rather slout, l°-2)'^° high.
Leaves hairy, ciliate oblong, oval, or ovatCi
sessile or short-petioled, obtuse or subacute
at the apex, narrowed at the base, 'ili'-'s'
long; flowers clustered or solitary in the
axils, sometimes cleislogamous; calyx-seg-
ments filiform, hirsute, \n"-i2" long, about
'4 " wide; corolla blue, 1^-2 '-2' long, the tube
e()ualling or longer than the obcouic throat
and nearly regular limb; capsule shorter than
the calyx.
In dry si>il, southern New Jcrsiy and Pennsyl-
vania, to l'"lot ida, west lo MidiiKaii, Nebraska and
Louisiana. Perliaps includes several species.
Jinie-Si-pt.
Ruellia ciliosa parviflora (Nets) Britton.
/)i/>/<-i aian//iii.s cUiosus var. paivijloius Nees,
l.innaca, 16; 29). 18)2.
Ruellia ciliosa var aiiiltigiia A. Gray, Syn. Fl.
2: Part i, 326. 1S7S.
Clabfdus or nearly so throUKbout. or the caly.t
pnlHSoent; leaves often manifestly pelioled.
Virginia to .Mabama.
3. Ruellia pedunculata Torr.
Stalked Ruellia. (Fig. 3373.)
Ruellia pediiiir.ulala'torr.; \. Gray, Syn. Fl.
2; Part I, 326. 187S.
I'inely pubescent; stem erect, i°-2^i°
tall, the branches spreading. Leaves
ovate to oblong-lanceolate, acute or acum-
inate at the ape.x, narrowed at the base,
short-pctioled, the larger 2'-3' long; pe-
duncles slender, spreading, i'-;/ long,
with 2 leaf-like bracts at the summit
which subtend a solitary flower, or 2 or 3
slender-pedicelled ones with pedicels
similarly bracted; calyx-segments awn-
like, eiiualling the narrow corolla-tube, or
shorter; corolla funnclform, \\i'-2' long;
capsule about i(3"long, puberulent, longer
than the calyx.
In dry soil, Jlissouri to Arkansas and
Louisiana. Jnne-Sc])t.
3. DIANTHERA L. Sp. PI. 27. 1753.
Herbs, mostly perennial, with entire or rarely dentate leaves, and small or large very ir-
regular flowers, variously clustered or solitary in the axils. Calyx deeply 4-5-partcd, the
segments narrow. Corolla-tube slender, short or elongated, curved or nearly straight, the
limb conspicuously 2-lippcd; upper lip interior in the bud, erect or ascending, concave, entire,
or 2-deutale; lower lip spreading, .ycleft. Stamens 2, inserted on the throat of the corolla, not
exceeding the upper lip; anther-sacs ovate or oblong, slightly divcrgent,not mucronate,separa-
tcd by a rather broad connective. Ovules 2 in each cavity of the ovary; style slender; stigma
entire, or 2-lobed. Capsule contracted at the base into a long stipe, about 4-seeded. Seeds flat,
orbicular or ovate, the placentae not separating from the walls of the capsule. [Greek, double
anthers.]
About 100 species, native of tropical .\nierica, a few in tropical Asia and Africa. Besides the
following, 4 others occur in the southern and soutliweslern United States.
I'lowers capitate, the heads dense, at length oblong. i. /7 Americana.
Flowers in loose spikes, 2, I), oz'ala.
304
ACANTIIACEAE.
[Vol. III.
I. Dianthera Americana L.
Dense -flowered Water Willow.
(I-'ig- 3374-)
Dianlhcra Americana I,. Sp. PI. 27. I7,S,1.
Perennial, glabrous; stem erect, grooved
and angled, slender, usually simple, l°-3°
high. Leaves lanceolate or lineardanceo-
late, gradually acuminate, 3'-6' long, 3"-
S" wide, entire, narrowed at the base into
short petioles, or sessile; flowers violet, or
nearly white, capitatc-spicate at the ends of
slender axillary peduncles which are shorter
than or equal the leaves; bractlets linear-
subulate, shorter than the flowers; corolla
5"-6" long, its tube shorter than the lips,
the base of the lower lip rough and palate-
like; capsule 6" long, exceeding the calyx,
its stipe about the length of the slightly
compressed body.
In wati^r and wet places, Ontario and Miclii
gan to Georgia and Texas. May-.\ug.
2. Dianthera ovata Walt. Loose-flowered Water Willow. (Fig. 3375.)
Dianlhcra ovala Walt. ri. Car. 63. 17S8.
Dianthera humilis Iviigehn. iS: Cray, Host.
Journ. Nat. Hist. 5: 2jo. Name only. iS|,5.
Perennial, glabrous; stem ascending or
erect from a horizontal base, slender, 6'-2o'
high, simple, or sparingly branched. Leaves
short-petioled, or sessile, ovate, oblong, oval,
lanceolate, or linear, i '-3' long, 2'''-iS''' wide;
flowers in loose slender-pedunclcd axillary
spikes, which become i'-3' long; peduncles
shorter than or but little exceeding the
leaves; calyx-segments narrowly linear, nmch
longer than the bracts and bractlets; corolla
pale purple, /^"-^" long; capsule about 6"
long.
In wet soil, especially along streams, southern
Virginia to Florida, west to Arkansas and Texas.
June-Aug.
4. D APEDIUM Konig; Kotiig & Sims, Ann. Bot. 2: 189. 1806.
[DlCLlPTKRA Juss. Ann. Mus. Paris, 9: 267. 1807.]
Erect or diffuse branched pubescent or glabrous herbs, with entire petioled leaves, and
blue red or violet flowers, subtended by involucres of 2-4 distinct or connate bracts, the in-
florescence mostly cymose or spicate, the involucres subtending i flower or several. Calyx
4-S-cleft, the lobes linear or subulate. Corolla-tube slender, slightly enlarged above, the
limb conspicuously 2-lipped; upper lip erect.concave, interior in the bud, entire or 2-3-toothed ;
lower lip spreading, entire or 3-toothed. vStaniens 2; anther-sacs parallel, sometimes unequal,
separated by a narrow connective. Style filiform; ovules 2 in each cavity of the ovary.
Capsule flattened, ovate or suborbicular, sessile or stipitate, 2-4-seedcd. Placentae separat-
ing elastically from the walls of the capsule. Seeds compressed, nearly orbicular.
About 60 species, natives of warm and tropical regions. liesides the following, 4 others occur
in the southern and southwestern United States.
Vol. III.]
ACANTHUS FAMILY.
205
Is, aud
Ihe in-
Icalyx
|e, the
3thefl;
equal,
jvary.
Iparat-
X. Diapedium brachisltum (Pursh) Kunt/.e. Diaiieclium. (Fig. 3376.)
/usiifia hiachiala Pursh, V\. Am. Sept. 13. 1S14.
nicliplera biachiala .SpreiiB. Syst. i: 86. 1825.
Diapedintn brachialuin KuiU/.o, Rev. ('.en. PI.
485. 1S91.
Annual (?), glabratc, or pubescent; stem
slender, 6-j;roovcd, erect, much branched, i°-
2° high. Leaves ovate, tuenibranous, long,
petioled, acuminate or acute at the apex, nar-
rowed or rounded at the base, ^'-6' long, I'-i'
wide; inflorescence paniculate, the involucres
1-4-flowered, each of 2 oblong or obovate,
obtuse or mucronate, opposite bracts; corolla
S"-i2''' long, pink or purple, the lips about
as long as the slender tube; upper lip 2-3-
toothcd, the lower entire; capsule oblong,2'''-
3" high, a little longer than the involucre,
the valves slightly divergent in dehiscence,
the placentae curving upward and remaining
attached to their summits.
In moist thickits, Kiiiisas (according to
Smyth); Indian Territory to Te.\as, Florida and
North Carolina. July-Oct.
Family 32. PHRYMACEAE Scliauer in DC. Prodr. 11: 520. 1847.
I.oi'.SKKi) Family.
All erect perennial herb with divaricate branches, opposite membranous
simple leaves, and small irregular purplish flowers, distant in slender elongated
spikes. Calyx cylindric, 2-lipped; upper lip 2-cleft, the teeth setaceous; lower
lip nuich shorter, 3-toothed, the teeth sulnilate. Corolla-tube cylindric, the limb
2-lipped; upper lip erect, concave, emarginate; lower lip larger, spreading, con-
vex, 3-lobed, the lobes obtuse. Stamens 4, didynamons, incltidcd. Ovary ob-
lique, i-celled; ovule i , orthotropous, ascending; style slender; stigma 2-lobed.
Calyx reflexed in fruit, enclosing the dry achene, becoming prominently ribbed,
closed and its teeth hooked at the ends. Cotyledons convolute; radicle superior.
Consists of the fcjlUiwiiig:
I. PHRYMA U Sp. PI. 6ot. 1753.
X monolypic Rcmis of eastern North America, east-
ern and eeiitnil Asia.
1. Phryma Leptostachya L,. Lopseed.
(Fig. 3377-)
I'Inyiiia I.efito^lachya I,. Sp. PI. (ioi. 1753.
Pubcrulent; stem somewhat 4-sided, sometimes
constricted above tlie nodes, branched above, the
branches slender, elongated, divergent. Leaves
ovate, acute or acuminate at the apex, obtuse or
narrowed at the base, very thin, coarsely dentate,
2'-6' long, the lower petioled, the upper often nearly
sessile; spikes very narrow, 3'-6' long; flowers
about 3" long, mostly opposite, distant, borne on
very short nunutely 2-bractcolate pedicels, at first
erect, soon spreading, the calyx, after flowering,
abruptly reflexed against the axis of the spike.
In woods and thickets, Canada to Minnesota, south
to P'lorida and Kans.as. June-Aug.
Family ZZ- PLANTAGINACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. Ed. 2, 267. 1836.
Plantain Family.
Annual or perennial, mostly acaulescent or short-stemmed, rarely stolonifer-
ous herbs, with basal, or, in the caulescent species, opposite or alternate leaves,
and small perfect polygamous or monoecious flowers, bracteolate in den.se ter-
minal long-scaped spikes or heads, or rarely .solitary. Calyx 4-parted, inferior,
persistent, the segments imbricated. Corolla hypogynous, scarious or mem-
2o6
pIvAntaginaci<;ah.
[Vol,, in.
braiious, mostly niarcesceiit, 4lohc'(l. Stamens 4 or 2 (only i in an Andean
genus), inserted on the tube or throat of the corolla; filaments filiform, exscrted
or included; anthers versatile, 2-celled, the .sacs longitudinally dehi.sccnt.
Ovary sessile, superior, i-2-celled, or falsely ,^-4celled. Style filiform, simple,
mostly longitudinally stigniatic. Ovules i-several in each cavity of the ovary,
peltate, amphitropous. I'Vuit a pyxis, circumsci.ssile at or below the middle, or
an indehiscent nutlet. Seeds i several in each cavity of the fruit; endosperm
fleshy; cotyledons narrow; radicle short, mostly straight.
Tliree KLMicni and iivcr 200 species, of wide Keonraphic distritnitioti.
IMowers ill teriiiinnl spikes or heads; fruit a pyxis. i. P!aiila!;o.
I'lowers inoiiDeciDUS, llic staliiinalc solitary, pediinelcd, the pistillate sessile amonp the linear leaves;
fruit itidchiseent. 2. I.illoiella.
I. PLANTAGO I,. Sp. PI. 112. 1753.
Acaulescent or short -stcinincd herl)s, the scapes arisiiif; from the axils of the basal or al-
ternate leaves, bearing terminal spikes or heads of small greenish or purplish flowers (flowers
solitary in a few exotic species). Calyx-segments eriual, or two of them larger. Corolla
salverform, the tube cyliiidric, or constricted at the throat, the limb spreading in aiUhesis,
erect, spreading or rcflvxed in fruit, 4-lo!)ed or 4-parted. Stamens 4 or 2. Ovary 2-celIed, or
falsely 3-4-celled; ovules i -several in each cavity. I-'ruit a membranous pyxis, mostly 2-celled.
Seeds various, sometimes hollowed out on the inner side. [The I/itin name.]
Over 200 si)ecies, of wide tteoRraphie distribution. liesides tlic followiutf, some T) others occur
in the western and southwestern parts of Norlli .America. Known as Plantain, Kibw<irt or Road weed.
•X' Stem acaulescent; flowers spicate or capitate at the ends of scapes.
Corolla-lobes spreadiuK or refie.xc d in fruit, not elosed over the top of the py,\is.
Leaves ovate, lanee<ilate or ohlmijr.
See<ls several or many in each pyxis.
Pyxis ovoid, eircumscissile at about the mi<UUe. i. P. viajor.
Pyxis obloutf, eircumscissile much l)elow the middle. 2. P. Riii;elii.
Seeds 2-4 in each pyxis.
Leaves all narrowed at the base, parallel-ribbed.
.Seeds excavated on the inner side. 3,
Seeds Hal or but slisfhtly concave on the inner side.
Capsule e(|iialUn« or a little louKii' than the calyx.
Spike very di-iise; loaves ])uiiesceut. 4.
Lower flowers scittered ; leaves glabrous or very nearly so. ,s. /'. epiof>oila.
Capsule twice as lon^r as the calyx.
Leaves, or souie of Ihein, cordate; veins startiiiK from the midrib.
Leaves linear or liliform.
Leaves llesliy; jilant maritime.
Leaves not llesliy; plants not maritime.
Spike densely tomeutose; bractsusnally not longer than calyx.
I'lanl (treen and K'abrati-; bracts much longer than the calyx.
Corolla-lobes erect atul closed over the tot) of the pyxis.
Leaves si)aliilate to obovate; stamens 4.
Leaves liuear-fdiform; stamens 2.
Capsule about 4-see(led, sliKhtly cxceedinjj tlu' calyx.
Capsule ,H 2(i-seeded, twice as loiiff as the calyx.
-;;■ -;■;- stem erect, leafy; flowers capitate at the ends of axillary peduncles.
1. Plantago major L,. Common, or Greater Plantain. (Fig. 3378.
Plaiilago major L. Sp. I'l. 112. 7' 175,).
Perennial, glabrous or somewhat pubescent;
rootslock short, thick, erect; scapes longer than
the leaves. Leaves spreading or ascending,
long-petioled, mostly ovate, obtuse or acutish,
narrowed, rounded or cord.tte at the base, entire,
or coarsely dentate, I'-io' long, ^-ii-ribbed;
scapes 2'-3° high: spike linear-cylindric, us-
ually very dense, ■"eiiinonly blunt at the sum-
mit, 2'-Ky long, j" \'' thick; flowers perfect,
proterogynous; sepals broadly ovate to obovate,
scarious on the margins, one-half to two-thirds
as long as the ovoid obtuse or subacute, 5-16-
seeded pyxis, which is circum.scissile at about
the middle; corolla-lobes spreading or reflexed
ou the summit of the pyxis; stamens 4.
In waste places, nearly throughout N'ortli .Amer-
ica. Naturalized from IJurope, or perhaps indige-
nous in the far North and on salt meadows. Smal'
leaves are occasionally borne near the bases of the
spikes, and the spikes .are rarely branched. The salt
meadow pliint may be distinct. May-.Sept. Old
names, Hird-sced, Broad-leaf, Hen-plant, Lamb's-foot, Waybread, Ilealing-bladc, Dooryard Plantain.
/'. lanccolala.
P. media.
P. eriopod
(•>. P. spar.'iirldra.
7. /'. coi data.
8. P. maiitima.
11
/'. Piiishii.
P. arista til.
P. I'irgiiiiia.
12.
eloiii^ala.
hi-tcrnfilivUa.
arenaria.
III.
Vol.. III.]
I'LANTAIN KAMI I V
207
1 1 1(1.
lii.
r \
2. Plantago Rugelii Dec. Kugel's
Plantain. { I-'ig. 3379. )
Planliii^o lKiif;ilii in DC. I'nulr. 13: I'art i, 7i«i. iSs?.
.Similar to the prccedinj; species, the spikes less
dense, at least toward the base, usually long-at-
tenuate at tile summit, sometimes 5" thick. Sepals
ohlonj.;, prominently keeled on the back, the ma'-
gins j;rcen or scarious; pyxis oblotig-cjlindtic, 2"-
3" lonj{, twice as louf; as the sepals, circuinscissilc
much below the middle and entirely within the
calyx, .(-losecded; corolla-lohcs spreaditif; or rc-
flexe<l on the summit of the p)xis; stamens .\.
In Hclds, Wdods and \v;isle ])l;iocs, Maim and ( Intariii
to Minnesota, simtli to I'Motida, Kansas and Texas.
I'elioU s cDMiinotdy pnrpli- ^il tlu- base. Isually biii;lit
er ((reen and with thinner leaves llian /'. tiuijoi. This
species, or tlic preceding; one, was known to the In
June-Sept.
Ribwort.
dians as " White Man's I'oot.'
3. Plantago lanceolata \^
Kih-grass. Juiglish Plantain.
Snake Plantain. (Fig. 3380. )
Platita^o lanccolala I,. ,Sp. I'l. 113. I75,v
f'A^AsiiVW /\\\ I I I I I rcrcnnial or biennial, more or less pul)esrcnt;
^ii 'i\\\ / 1 \\ I I rootstock short, erect, with tufts of brown hairs
V-Q^S' W \ ilW U\ n at the bases of the leaves. Leaves narrowly ob-
^^t^A\\\ Y\ 1 1 \\ (j I / ' / / 1 ^ long-lanceolate, mostly erect, shorter than the
scajies, entire, acute or acuminate at the apex,
gradually narrowed into petioles, ,^-5-ribbed, 2'-
12' long, 3"- 1 2" wide; scapes slender, chan-
nelled, sometimes 2^2° tall; spikes very dense, at
first short and ovoid, becoming cylindric, blunt
and ,'"'-4' long in fruit, ii"-b" thick; flowers
perfect, protcrogynous; sepals ovate, with a nar-
row green midrib and broad scarious margins,
the two lower ones commonly united; corolla
glabrous, its tube very short; filaments white;
pyxis oblong, very obtuse, 2-seeded, slightly
longer than the calyx, circuinscissile at about
the middle; seeds deeply excavated on the face.
In fields and was.e places. New lirunswick to the
Northwest Territory and liritish Columbia, south to
Florida and Kansas. Naturalized from ICurope;
native al.so of Asia. Sep.Tls rarely metaniorphosed into small leaves. April-Nov. Old names,
Hlaokjaeks, Jack straws, DoK's-rib, Cocks, Kemps, I.eechwort, Kam's-toiiKUe, Kattail, Windles,
Long I'lantain, Kipplc grass, Kempseed, Headsman, Hen-plant, Clock, Chimneysweeps.
luitain.
4. Plantago media L
rhiiil(iL;o nitclia I,. Sp. I'l. 113. 175.?.
Perennial, intermediate in aspect between /'.
;;/(7/6>/-aiid /'. lana'olatii, the short rootstock clothed
with brown hairs among the bases of the leaves.
I<eaves spreading, ovate, broadly oblong or elliptic,
obtuse or acute at the apex, entire, or repand-den-
tate, densely and finely canescent, 5-7-ribbcd, nar-
rowed at the base into margined, usually short
petioles; scapes slender, much longer than the
leaves, i°-2° tall; spikes very dense, cylindric and
I '-3' long in fruit, about 3" thick; flowers perfect,
white; sepals all distinct, oblong, with a narrow
green midrib and broad scarious margins; corolla
glabrous; stamens pink or purple; pyxis oblong, ob-
tuse, about as long as the calyx, 2-4-seeded, the
seeds merely concave on the face; stamens 4.
In waste places, Elaine, Rhode Island, Ontario and
New York, .'\dvcntive from liurope. N.ative also of
Asia. JIay-.Stpt. Old names. Fire -leaves, I'Mie-weed,
Lamb's Lettuce, Lamb's Tongue, Healing Herb.
Hoary Plantain.
2o8
I'LANTAOINACKAK.
[Vol. m.
Plantago eriopoda Torr. Saline Plantain. (Fig. 3;,8:;.)
Phiiiliii^o Khrhni Nutt. Cvn. i. i.io. 1818^
l'liiiiliii;i> f) iiifioi/ii Tiirr. Ann. I.yc. N. Y. 2; 237. 1827.
I'lTeimiiil, succulent; rootstock loiij;, usually
(liMisfly covered with loiifj; brown hairs iiinoii^ the
l)ascsof the leaves. Leaves ohlonj;, ohloiijj-lanceo-
late, or olOanceolate, entire, or repauil-dcntate,
acute at the apex, narrowed into petioles, .s-grih-
l)cd, i'-l2' 'oiiK, yi'-iyi' wide, jjlabrous or very
nearly so; scapes stout, more or less pubescent,
longer than the leaves, 6'-iS' high; spikes I '-5'
lon^;, dense above, the lower flowers scattered;
flowers i)erfect; sepals distinct, oblonjj-obovate with
a narrow ^recn midrib and broad scarious margins;
corolla glabrous, its lobes spreading or reflexed;
pyxis ovoid-oblonj;, very obtuse, one-third longer
than the cnlyx, 2-.|-seeded, circumscissilc below the
middle; seeds nearly flat.
In ni.iritinu' or saliiir soil. Nova Scotia to >[iniiesota,
Calil'oiiii:i ami the Novtluvtst Ti iritory. June Sept.
6. Plantago sparsiflora Michx. South-
ern Plantain. (Fig. 3383.)
Plantago sparsijhtia Michx. V\. Hor. .\ni. i: 91.
1803.
I'erennial, pubescent, or glabrate; scapes very
slender, sometimes 2° tall, much longer than the
leaves. Leaves thin, oblong-lanceolate, 3'-io'
long, y'l'-l' wide, 5-7-ribbed, acute or acuminate
at the apex, entire, narrowed into slightly mar-
gined petioles; spikes loosely flowered, .sometimes
1° long; flowers perfect; sepals oblong or oval,
rather rigid, with a broad green midrib and nar-
row scarious margins; corolla glabrous, its lobes
not erect over the fruit; pyxis oblong, 2,'2'" long,
twice as long as the Ciilyx, 2-seeded; seeds convex
on the b.ick, slightly concave on the face.
In sandy dry soil, North C.irolina to Tlorida and
in soullurn Illinois,
7. Plantago cordata Lam. Heart-leaved
Plantain. Water Plantain. (Fig. 3384.)
I'laiilago cordala Lain. Tal)l. Encyct. 1: 338. 1791.
Perennial, glabrous, purple-green; rootstock
short, very stout. Leaves broadly ovate or nearly
orbicular, pinnately veined, obtuse or acute at
the apex, entire or dentate, rounded, abruptly
narrowed, or cordate at the base, often 10' long;
petioles stout, margined above; scapes stout, lon-
ger than the leaves; spikes loosely flowered,
sometimes 1° long, with interrupted clusters;
flowers perfect; sepals ovate to obovate, obtuse,
green; corolla-lobes .spreading; pyxis ovoid-
globose, obtuse, circumscissile at or slightly
below the middle, 1-4-seeded; seeds not exca-
vated on the face.
In swamps and along streams. New York to Ala-
bama, west to Missouri and Louisiana. March-July.
i"9«-
|)otstock
■ nearly
Icutc at
Ibruptly
y long;
lut, lon-
t)wered,
llusters;
lobtuse,
ovoid-
klightly
it exca-
to Ala-
lli-July.
Vol.. III.]
PLANTAIN FAMILY.
209
8. Plantago maritima L. Sea or Sea.side Plantain. (.I'lR. 3385.)
/'/iiii/iixi' mupilhiir I,. .Sji. I'l. ii(. 175,1.
/•/,in/a.i!ii(/i(ifiinii llariitutul, .Moii. IM.iiitaK. i'l iH.tS.
.\iiiui;il, liifiinial, nr perennial, (U'sliy; mol-
stdik stout or slender, sometimes with tufts of
\vliitisli liairs unumg the ba.scs of the leaves.
Leaves linear, glabrous, very obsi'urely nerved,
sessile, or narrowed into short margined petioles,
2'-lo' long, entire, or with a very few snudl teeth,
i"-2 I ," wide; seapes slender, more or less ptibes-
eent, longer than or ecpialling the leaves; spikes
dense, linear-cylindrie, blunt, l' 5' long; (lowers
perlect; sepals ovate-lanceolate to nearly orbicular,
green, somewliat keeled; corolla pubescent with-
out, its lobes spreading; pyxis ovoid-oblong, ob-
tuse, 2-4-.seeded, circumscissile at about the mid-
dle, nearly I ivice as long us the calyx; seeds nearly
fiat on the face.
Ill salt inarslii's and on seashores, Labrador to New
Jersey, ami on tlie I'acific Coast from Alaska to Califor-
nia. .\lso on tlie coasts of ICiiiopo anil .Asia. Called
also liucksliiiiii, (iibbals, Sea Ki-nips. June .Sept.
9. Plantago Purshii R. iS: S.
Pnrsh's Plantain, (l-'is. .1.186.)
I'liiiilimo /'iirs/iii K. iV .S. Syst. 3: u-o. 1818.
/'/tiii/iii.'-ii i;ii<i/>/m/ti<i(/rs Niitt. (".en. i: ifx). iSiS.
J'hiH/iiiio /'a/ai,'iiiii((i var. j^im/'/ui/ioii/rs .\. Ciiay,
Man. ICil. 2, iCf). 1>^S^'.
.\nnual, woolly or silky all over, pale green;
.scapes slender, 2'-i$' tall, longer than the
leaves. Leaves ascending, line.ir, acute or
acuminate at the ape.x, narrowe<l into margined
petioles, 1-3-nerved, !,'■" -t" wide, entire, or
very rarely with a few small teeth; spikes very
dense, cylindric, t)btuse, I'-.s' long, about 3"
in diameter, exceedingly woolly; bracts rigid,
eiiualling or slightly exceeding the llowers;
(lii'vers perfect but heterogoiious, many of them
cleistogamous; sepals oblong, obtuse, scarious-
margiiied; corolla-lobes broadly ovate, spread-
ing; stamens 4; pyxis oblong, obtuse, 1 '/" long,
little exceeding the calyx, 2-seeded, circumscis-
sile at about the middle; see<ls convex on the
back, deeply concave on the face.
On dry plains and pniiries, Illinois and western
Ontario to llritisli Cohiinbia, south to Texas and
nortlieni Slexieo. JIay-.\uK.
10. Plantago aristata Michx. I.,arge-
bracted Plantain. (Pig. 3387.)
rianhif^o ai ishila Jliclix. 1>"1. Hoi. .\ni. 1:95. 1803.
J'/aii/iii;o l'al(ii;ii)iica var. arislala A. Ciray, Man. Kd.
2. 2fK), 1,856.
.\nnual, dark green, villous, or glabrate; scapes
-stout, erect, 6'-iS' tall, exceeding the leaves.
Leaves linear, acuminate at the apex, entire, nar-
rowed into .slender petioles, sometimes prominently
3-ribbed, i 'i'''-4" wide; spikes very dense, cyliii-
«lric, I '-6' long, pubescent but not woolly; br.acts
puberulent, linear, elongated, a.scending, the lower
often 10 times as long as the flowers; flowers very
similar to those of the preceding species; pyxis 2-
seeded; the seeds concave on the face.
On dry plains <ind prairies, Illinois to Louisiana .and
Tcx.is, west to British Columbiaaiid New Mexico. .•Vlso
widely adveiitive as a weed in the eastern States from
Maine to GeorRia, its eastern natural limits now difli-
cult to determine. May-Oct.
14
2tO
ri.ANTAC.INACHAK.
[Vor,. III.
IX. Plantago Virginica L.
Dwarf or White Dwarf I'lantaiii. (Fig. 3388.)
I'lanhii,'!' rii,i,'iiii((i I,. Sji. ri. ii.v 17s.).
Annual <ir l)ietininl, pubescent or villous; scapes
erect, slender, I'-iS' lii^jli, niui'li lotij^er than tile
leaves. I.eavesspatulateorohovate.olitusedracu-
tisli, tliin, entire, (ir repand-dentiiuUte, tiarri)\ved
into margined petioles, or almost sessile, vnryiiiK
greatly in size, ^ 5-nerved,ascendinf; or spreading;
spikes very dense, or the lower (lowers scaUere<l,
linear-iylindric, obtuse, 3"-4" thick, usually i'-.\'
lonK, but in dwiirf forms redm ed to a-fi flowers;
flowers imperfectly dioecious, corolla-lobes of the
fertile plants ercitan<l cciiniventon thetopof the
pyxis, those of the sterile widely spreading; sta-
mens 4; pyxis ohlonff, about as lon^ as the calyx,
appearinn beaked by the coiniivent corolla-lobes,
2-4-seedcd.
In dry sdil, Connecticut to I'lorida. west to Illinois,
Missouri, Ari-^onaniul iKirlliirn Mexico. Marcli-July.
Plants go oceidentalis Die. '/'. riixiiiica var. /(Diffi
fiilia .\. dray I, of the .Soutliwcsl, with larnir leaves,
longer spikes and larger flowers may be sptcilically distinct. It is lepiprti-d from Missouri.
12. Plantago elongata Ptirsh. Slender
Plantain. (Fig. 3389.)
J'laiilcii^ii eli'n,i;(ila I'lnsli, V\. .\in. Sept. 720. 1814.
J'laiihii;(i pusillti Nutt. Grn. i: 100. 1818. '
Annual, puberuleiit; scapes filiform, 2'--' biKh,
lon^'er than the linear-filiform, mostly entire, blunt-
pointed obscurely l-nerved leaves. Leaves about
'/i" wide; spikes slemler, linear, rather loosely
flowered, H'-y long, j^'j"-2''' thick; flowers im-
perfectly dioecious, or polygamous; sepals oblong,
obtuse, about as long as the bract, scarious-mar-
gined; corolla-lobes of the more fertile plants be-
coming erect over the pyxis; stamens 2; pyxis
ovoid-oblong, obtuse, one-fourth to one-third longer
than the calyx, about 4-seeded, circum.scissile at
about the middle; seeds nearly flat on both sides.
In dry sandy soil, soutliern New York to Vir({iiiia
and Louisiana, wist to Illinois, Oregon, Utah and
Te.\as. April-Ausj.
13. Plantago heterophylla Nutt. Many-
.seeded Plantain. (Fig. 3390.)
rianlaiioheleiophyUa Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II.)
5: '77- i«,l?-.S7-
Annual, similar to the preceding species, but
glabrous or .slightly puberulent; scapes ascending or
spreading, equalling or exceeding the leaves, 2'-io'
long. Leaves narrowly linear or filiform, the larger
about 2" wide, entire or often with several distant
small teeth or linear lobes; spikes loose, linear,
Yi'-^ long; sepals oblong, obtuse, scarious-mar-
gined, mostly shorter than the bract; corolla-lobes
in the more fertile plants becoming erect over the
pyxis; stamens 2; pyxis oblong, subacute, about
twice as long as the calyx, 7-30-seeded, circumscis-
sile rather below the middle; seeds somewhat
angled, scarcely concave on the face.
In moist soil, New Jersey to KIorida.'westlto'Ala-
bama, Texas and southern California. April-July.
Vot, III.l
ri.ANTAIN FAMILY.
211
l)C.(II.)
but
Iding ur
I. 2'-!"'
! larger
Idistant
linear,
lis-mar-
la-lobes
|ver the
about
Iimscis-
liewliat
Ito'Ala-
lily.
14. Plantago aren^ria W. 6c K.
riaiuain. ( l'i>;. ,^391.)
Satul
J'/dil/iii;
l«02.
lairmiiid \V. iV K. I'l. Kar. Ilutig. i;,si. /•/..I/.
Aniuml, pubescent, soniewlint viscid; stem siiiiple,
or i-otnnionly becoming niucli bnmclicd, leafy, j^'-ts'
liigli. Leaves opposite, or wliorleil, narrowly linear,
entire, sessile, i'-,^' long, about i" wide; peduncles
axillary, often umbellate at the ends of the stem ai:d
branches, slender, as long as the 'leaves or longer;
heads of flowers conic, oval, or subglobose, 5" -in"
long, about 5" thick; lower bracts acute or acumi-
nate; calyx-lobes une([ual: corolla-lobes ovate to lan-
ceolate, acute; capsule 2-seeded.
Dayton, Oliio. Advcntive or fUKitive fiiiin central
liumpc. Suinnur.
2. LITTORELLA L. Mant. 2: 295. 1771.
A low perennial succulent herb, with linear entire basal leaves and monoecious flowers,
the staminate solitary or two together at tlie summits of slender scapes, the pistillate sessile
among the leaves. Sepals 4. Corolla of the staminate flowers w itli a somewhat urceolate
tube, and a spreading 4-lobed limb. Corolla of the pistillate flowers urn-shaped, 3-4-loothed.
Staminate flowers witli 4 long-exserted stamens, their fdaments fdiform, the anthers ovate.
Pistillate flowers with a single ovary and a long-exserted filiform style. I'ruit an indehiscent
i-seeded nutlet. [Latin, shore.]
A monotypic genus of Europe and nortliern North .Vtnerica.
I. Littorella unifldra (L.) Rtisby. Plan-
tain Shore-weed. Shore-gra.ss.
(Fig- 3392.)
Planlai^o unijioia L. Sp. PI. 115. 175,1.
I.illoicUa laciislris I,. Mant. 2: 295. 1771.
Lilloiclla uniflora Kusby, Mem. Torr. Club, 5:3111. 1S94.
Tufted, usually growing in mats; leaves bright
green, i'-3' long, \i"-\" wide, spreading or a.s-
cending, mostly longer than the scapes of the stam-
inate flowers, which bear a small bract at about the
middle; sepals lanceolate, mostly obtuse, with a
dark green midrib and lighter margins, sometimes
only 3 in the fertile flowers; stamens con.spicuous,
\"-fi" long; corolla-lobes ovate, subacute; pistil-
late flowers very small; nutlet about \" long.
Borders of lakes and ponds, Maiiiu and Vermont to
Nova Scotia and Ontario. July-.\ug.
Family 34. RUBIACEAE 15. Jii.s.s. Hoit. Trian. 1759.
M.vuDi'.it Family.
Herb.s, shrub.s, or trees, with simple, opposite or sometimes verticillate,
mo.stly .stipulate leaves, and perfect, often dimorphous or trimorphous, regular
and nearly symmetrical flowers. Calyx-ttibe adnate to the ovary, its limb var-
ious. Corolla gamopetalous, funnelform, club-shaped, campanulate, or rotate,
4-5-lobed, often pubescent within. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla
and alternate with them, inserted on its tube or throat; anthers mostly linear-
oblong. Ovary i-io-celled; style short or elongated, simple or lobed; ovules
i-oo in each cavity. Fruit a capsule, berry, or drupe. Seeds various; seed-
coat membranous or crustaceous; endosperm fleshy or horny (wanting in some
exotic genera); cotyledons ovate, cordate, or foliaceous.
212
RnilACl'.Vl'
[Vol.. III.
A1k)uI ,^.s,S Koiura ami .ssim siKoies (if vfry wide Rrograpliic (lisliilmliiin
tropical ivp;ions. Kiiinvii as MadikrHiirts.
■A- Leaves opposite, stipulate (sometimes verticillate in No. 31
OviiUs luiincioiis ill facli cavity of tlif ovary; luibs.
Top of tlio c.ipsiiU' frt'c I'voiii llif ovary; seiils (v\v, pi'ltatc.
Capsule wholly acliiato to the ovary; .seeds tiiinute, aii(;iilar.
Ovules 1 in each cavity of the ovary.
Shrubs; llowers in dense nlohuiar lieads.
I.ow everttrecn herbs; llowers 2 tOKethi'r. their ovaries united.
llerb>; llowers axillary, nearly sessile, distinct.
Cajisnle separaliuM: into 2 ilehiscent carpels.
Capsule scparatint; into 2 (oi ,0 iudeliisccut carpels.
-A- -K- Leaves appearing verticillate; herbs 1 some of the leaves rarely oppo
Corolla rotate: caly.x teeth niiuule or none.
Corolla fnnuclforin.
I'Mowers in involucrate heads.
I'lowers in panicles.
uiost abundant in
().
site i
f/c'iis/ciiiit.
Oldcnliiiitiiit.
C'r/i/ia/tiii//tii.s.
Mihlii-lla.
Sfii'i niiUfhi:
Pioilia.
n No. 71.
Galiiiiii.
Sliemrdia.
Asftenila.
I. HOUSTONIA L. vSp. PI. 105. 175;,.
]>ect or ililTuse, usually tufted lierljs, with opposite entire often ciliatc leaves, and small
hhie purple or white, mostly dimorphous (lowers. Calyx-tube j;lobo.se or ovoid, 4-lobed, the
lobes distant. Corolla fuiinelfonn or salverforin, .(-lobed, the lobes valvale, the throat gla-
brous or pubescent. Stamens .(, inscrtcl on the tube or throat of the corolla; anthers linear
or oblonj:;. Ovary 2-celleil. Style slender; ovules luimerous in each cavity; stigmas 2, linear.
Capsule partly inferior, its summit free from the calyx, globose-diilymous, or emarginate
at the apex, loculicidally dehiscent above. Seeds few or several in each cavity, ])eltate,
more or less concave, not angled. Seed-coat reticulate or roughened; endosperm horny;
embryo club-shaped. [Named in honor of l>r. William Houston, l)otanist and ct)llector in
South .\merica, died 1733.]
.Vboul 25 species, natives of North .Xuien'ca and Mexico.
-;<- Plants i'-?' hi^h: peduncles i-flowered.
I rcdimcles liliforin, i' 2'.' long,
Hrect; leaves obovate or spatulate, narrowed into petioles.
DilTuse or spreadinn; leaves nearly orbicular.
I I I'cduuclcs ,^" -iS" loUK, stouter.
Calyx-lobes navow, about equalliuR the capsule.
Calyx-lobes broad, much exceeiliiiK the capside,
-A- ■;;■ HIants 4'-i8' hi^h ; flowers cyniose.
Leaves bro^.d, ovati-. or ovate 'auceolate.
Leaves obloui; or spatulate, ciliatc.
Leaves linear lanceolate or oblanceolate, not ciliatc.
Leaves liliforin or narrowly linear.
I'lowers loosely lymose on liliforin pedicels ; leaves not fascicled. S.
Flowers densely cymose on very short pedicels; leaves usually f.iscicled. <i
l{. lOfllllfil.
If. s,-rpy!li/olia.
II. »ii>ii'>\
II. Diniiniit.
.S. II. piii pHiia.
fi. //. liliolalii.
~. II. loiigi/oltn.
II. /rinii folia.
II. iiiii^n.s/i/ti/ia.
Houst^nia coeriilea I.,.
liiiioceiice. {I'^K- 3,i9,v ^
IIoii.\/,t>iia iOf) iiica I,. Sp. I'l. 105. 1755.
Ili'iiyohs (lu-i iilea Hook. IM. lior. .\ni. i: 286.
OUiriiliiiidid coci iiica .\. C.rav, Man. IaI. 2,
174- i«5f'-
Ivrect, 3'-7'high, glabrous, or nearly .so,
]iereniiial by slender rootslocks and form-
ing den.se tufts. Lower and basal leaves
spatid.ile or oblanceolate, about 6" long;
sometimes hirsute or ciliatc, narrowed
into a petiole, the upper oblong, .sessile;
flowers solitary on riliform terminal and
axillary peduncles; corolla saUerfonn,
violet, blue, or white with a yellow center,
4"-6" broad, its tube sletuler and about
the length of the lobes; capsule didy-
iiioiis, compressed, alxuit 2" broad and
broader than l"ng, the upper half free
from the calyx and shorter than its lobes.
In open Kfassy places, or on wet rocks,
Nova .Scotia to (Juebec, New York and
Michigan, south io CieorRia and Alabama.
April-July, or produciiiR a few llowers
through the suminer. Calle<l also Uuaker
Ladies, (Juaker bonnets, Venus' I'ride.
MADDHR FAMILY.
learly so,
|i(I foriii-
k-avcs
," long;
arrowed
sessile;
[lull ami
•erforni,
oenter,
1(1 about
|o (liily-
ail ami
alf free
ts lobes,
Jt nicks,
|)rk ami
llabiima.
llowirs
J Oiiaktr
lie.
Vol.. 11 1. 1
2. Houstonia serpyllifolia Michx.
Thyiiic-leavcd Bluets.
(I'i^'. :vV;4-)
Ifi'iisloiiia ser/t]'l/ifi>/iti JiUcUk. I"1. llor. Am.
1. S_s. iSdV '
ir>\1vt>lis u-rpvUi/'olia T. vV C".. l'"l. X. A. 2:
,V> iS.H.
IVTeimial; stems prostrate or dilTuse,
slender, jjlabrous, .('-lo' long. Leaves or-
bicular or broadly oval, abru]>tly petioled,
T,"-.\" long, .sometimes bispidulous; or
tliose of tbe flowering stems narrower,
<listant; llowers on terminal and axillary
liliform peduncles; corolla usually deep
blue, .\"-(>'' broad, its tube rather shorter
than the lobes; capsule similar to that of
the preceding species but usually slightly
larger, nearly as long as the calyx.
\1'\k\\ lunuiUains of Virprinia and West
X'irniiiia to Sou'lIi Carolina and east Teinies-
ste. May.
Houstonia minor (Michx.) Hritlon.
21.^
C^l^tv-<#tlKi
vSmall Hhic-ts
(l-ii;-. 3.195-)
luiiiiir Jliclix. I'M.
S. C. iS: Oa. i:
Ton-. Chib,
Houstonia minima Heck.
(^*iR- 3396.)
I,ea.st Hlufts
Ifoiisliiiiia I.iiiiKifi vui.
lior. Am. I: ,vs. l!^o,^.
Jloiisloiiiii paUiis I'M. hot.
lliuisfoiiia minor liritton, Mem.
5: 302. iS<i|.
.\niiual, glabrous or nearly so, branched
from the base, I'-G' high. Lower and
basal leaves oval or ovate, 5"-6" long,
narrowed into petioles often of their own
length, the upiier narrower and sessile;
peduncles axillary and terininal, diver-
gent, 3" iS" long, i-flowered; corolla
violet-blue or purple, 3"-4" broad, its
tube about etpialling the lobes; capsule
compressed, tlidyinous, 2,'i"-3" broad,
its upper part free from the calyx and
about eciualling or exceeding the subulate
lobes.
In dry soil. Virginia to l"lori<la, Arkansas
and Texas. March April.
Ifoiisloniii iiiiiihnn licck, Am. Journ. Sci. 10: 262. 1826.
//n/yn/is III hi I in (I T. iV (,. in. N. .\. 2: ,\>>,. In jiart. 18(1.
Olitinlaiulia miniiiid .\. Ciray, Man. ICd. 2, 173. iS,s(').
.Xnuual, -spreading or diffuse, I'-iyi' high, ronghi.sh.
Lower and basal leaves oval or ovate, with petioles shorter
than or e<iualling the blade, the upper oblong, sessile; pe-
duncles axillary ami teriniiml, rather stout, y-12" long;
flowers 4"-,s" broad; corolla vii)let or purple, the ttibe
longer than the lobes; capsule didynious, ct)iiipressed, about
.V broad, its upper j)art free from the calyx and considerably
exceeded by the lanceolate foliaceous lobes.
In dry soil, Missouri land Illinois?) to Arkansas an<l Texas.
March .Xiiril.
214
RIHIACHAE.
[Vol,. III.
5. Houstonia purpurea L.
|>'M
6. Houstonia ciliolata Torr. Fringed
Houstonia. (Fig. 3398.)
//oiis/oiiia ciliolala Torr. IM. X. I,'. S. i: 17,?. 1S24.
/foiis/Dniii f'lnpKiea v.ir. ciliolala A. (Iray, JIaii. ICil.
,S, 212. 1S67.
I'ereiniial, tuftefl, erect or aseemliiiff, 4'-?' liigh.
Lowefaiul basal leaves petioled, thick, i-nerved, obo-
vate'or oblaiiceolate, obtuse, 6"-io" long, their mar-
gins conspicuously ciliate; stem leaves oblong or ob-
lanceolate, sessile or nearly so; flowers in corynibed
cymes; pedicels filiform, i "-4" long; corolla funnel-
form, lilac or pale purple, about 3" long, the lobes
about one-third the length of the tube; capsule little
compressed, obscurely didynious, \%" wide, over-
topped l)y the linear-lanceolate calyx lobes.
On nicks and sIidvi-s, M;iine (?), Ontario to Michigan
south to IVnnsylvaiiia. West Virginia, Kentucky aim
Arkansas.
Large Houstonia, (Fig. 3.^97.)
//onsliuiia /lurpiiira I,. Sp. IM. los. I7.5V
Jlfdyolis pill (itiiia T. iV O. Fl. N. A. 2: .|o. i8(I.
Oldeiilandia purpurea .\. (iray, Man. ICd. 3, 17,?. 1856.
I'ereiniial, stout, erect, tufted, branched or simple,
glabrous or .sotnewhat pube.scent, 4'-iH' high. l,eaves
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, sessile, or the lower ones
short-petioled, 3-5-nerved and pinnately veiiie'', ob-
tuse or acute, '/i'-2' long, .^"-15" wide, the margins
often ciliate; floweis in terminal cymose clusters; pedi-
cels i'''-4"long; corolla purple or lilac, funiielform,
3"-4" long, the tube at lea.st twice as longas the lobes;
capsule compressed-globose, ili" broad, somewhat
didymous, its upper half free and con.siderably shorter
than the subulate-linear c'lyx-lobes.
In open places, Maryland to Kentucky, Oeorgia and
Alabama, (.'specially in the I'lOuntaiiis. JIay-Sept.
Houstonia purpiirea pube=c<;ns liritlon Jleni. Torr. Club, 4:
125. 1.891.
Whole plant densely pubescent. Virginia.
Houstonia purpiitea calycosa A. Oray, Syn. I'lor. i: Part 2,
26. 1,878.
Leaves lanceolate or narrower, firm; caly.\-lobes subu-
late, 2"-4" long. Nortli Carolina to Georgia, Alabama
and Missouri. Perhaps sjiecifically distinct.
7. Houstonia longifolia Gaertn, Long-
leaved Houstonia. (Fig. 3399.)
I/,iusl()iiia loiiiiifolia Gaertn. I'ruct. i: 226. pi. 49./. S.
17SS.
IliiusUniia purpurea var. longifolia X. G.ray, Man. lid.
5, 212. 1868.
I'erennial, usually tufted, erect, glabrous, s'-io'
high, liasal leaves .spatulate or oblanceolate, ob-
tuse, not ciliate, very short-petioled; stem leaves
linear or linear-oblong, acute or obtuse, i-nerved,
6"-- 1 2" long, I "-2 ,'2" wide; flowers in corymbed
cymes; corolla pale purple or nearly white, 2;^"-
y," long, its lobes about one-third the length of the
tube; capsule little compressed, globose-ovoid,
about i" in diameter, its upper half free and much
exceeded by the subulate calyx-lobes.
In dry open j>liicis, Maine and Ontario to Manitoba,
south to Georgia and Missouri. May-Sept.
Vol,. III.]
MADDER I'AMILV.
215
8. Houstonia tenuifolia Nutt. Slender-
leaved Houstonia. (Fig. 3400.)
Jfoitsloiiia leniiifolia NiiU. CiCti. i: 95. 1818.
Jfotts/oiiia fiHipui ca var. leniii/olia A. Gray, Syii. I'Mor.
i: Part 2, 26. 1878.
Perennial, soniewliat tufted, very slemler and
widely branching, erect, glabrous, 6'-l° liiKli, souie-
tinie.s finely pubescent below. Basal and lowest stem
leaves ovate or oval, obtuse, petioled, 4"-6" long;
upper leaves narrowly linear or filiform, blunt-
pointed, 6"-i5" long, y2"~l]i" wide; flowers in
loose corymbose cymes; pedicels filiform, 2"-6" long;
corolla purple, narrow, 2"-y long, its lobes short;
capsule compressed -glolwse, didymous, about i" in
diameter, its upper half free and only sliglitly ex-
ceeded by tlie subulate calyx-lobes.
In dry soil, Virginia to Ohio, North Carolina and Ten
nessoc. 5Iay~July.
9. Houstonia angustifolia Miclix. Nar-
row-leaved Houstonia. (.Fig. 3401.)
iriuisloiiiii aii,c;iiili folia Miclix. l-'l. ]?or. Am. 1:85. 1803.
Ohlnilaiidia a 11 1; 11. si //o/ in .\. Gray, I'l. \Vrij;lit. 2: 6.S.
185,3.
I'erennial by a deep root, erect, stiff, glabrous,
usually branched, l°-2° high. Leaves linear, 6"-
iS" long, i"-2" wide, or the lowest narrowly spatu-
late, usually with lunnerous smaller ones fascicled in
the axils, or on short axillary branches; flowers in
terminal dense cyniose clusters; pedicels .short; cor-
olla white or purplish, l)etween funneu'orm and sal-
verform, about 2" long, its lobes shorter than the
tul)e; capsule conipre.ssed-obovoid, i 'j" wide, its sum-
mit free and scarcely exceeded by the calyx-lobes.
In dry open places, Illinois to K.insas and Texas, cast
Tennessee and Florida. May-July.
2. OLDENLANDIA L. Sp. PI. 119. 1753.
I'^rect or diffuse slender herbs, witii opposite leaves, and small axillary or termiTial, soli-
tary or clustered, white or pink flowers. Calyx-tube obovoid or subglobose, the limb .1-
toothed. Corolla rotate or salverform, .(-lobecl. Stamens 4, inserted on the throat of the
corolla; anthers oblong. Ovary 2-celled; ovules [numerous in each cavity; .style slender,
2-li)bed. Capsule small, ovoid, top-shaped, or liemisplieric, wholly adnate to the calyx-tube,
loculicidally dehiscent at the summit, several or nuiny-seeded. Seeds angular, not peltate;
endosperm fleshy; embryo club-sliaped. [N'amed[for;lI. 15. Oldenland, a Danish botanist.]
.\l)oul 1 75 species, nmstly of tropical distribution, most abundant in .Vsia. Uesides the following,
2 others occur in the southern States and i in Now Mexico. (^ -^
I. Oldenlandia uniflora L. Clustered Bluets.
(Fig. 3402.)
Oldeiihiiiiliti tniifhua I,. Sp. 1*1. iiq. 175.^.
Oliicniandid glanirpala Miclix. I'l. Hor. Am. i: S3. iSo.v
Weak, usually tufted, more or less hirsute-pubescent,
dilTusc or ascending; stems I'-is' long. Leaves short-
petioled or sessile, mostly thin, entire, ,^-5-nerved,
ovate, olilong, or oval, acute at the apex, narrowed at
the base, 'i'-l' long; flowers sessile or nearly so, white,
about l" broad, terminal and axillary, clustered or sol-
itary; calyx-hirsute, hemispheric in fruit, the ovate or
oval lobes erect and nearly eipialling the tube.
In lowKrniiiKls. southern New York to I'lorida and Texas.
Also ill Cuba. Root annual. Juiu' .Sept.
2l6
RiniACEAR.
[Vou III.
i
ri.
3. CEPHALANTHUS L. Sp. PI. 95. 175;,.
Shrubs, or some tropical species small trees, with opposite or verticillatc short-petioieil
entire leaves, and terminal or axillary, densely capitate, bracteolate small wliite or yellow
flowers. Calyx tube obpyraniidal, its limb with 4 obtuse lobes. Corolla tiibular-funnelform,
with 4 short erect or spreading lobes. Stamens .(, inserted on the throat of tlie corolla, fda-
nients very short; anthers oblong, acuspidate at the base. Ovary 2-celled; ovules .solitary
in each cavity, pendulous; .style fdiform, exserted; stigma capitate. I'ruit dry, obpyranii-
dal, i-2-seeded. ICndosperni cartilaginous; cotyledons linear-oblong, [(ireek, head-flower.]
.■\boul 6 spciiis, natives of .Xnierica and Asia. The foHuwiuK is the only one known to occur
in Norlli .VuRMici, unless the south western and M.xican plant i)roveH
listinct.
I. Cephalanthus occidentalis h.
Button-bush. Button-tree. Honey-
balls. Globe-flower. (Fiji^. 3403.)
CfpliahiiilliKS OiCiilciiliilis I,. Sp. PI. ii.s. 175.^
A shrub ;,°-i2° high, with opposite or verti-
cillatc leaves and branches, glabrous, or
somewhat pubescent. Leaves petioled, ovate
or oval, entire, acuminate or acute at the
apex, rounded or narrosved at the base, ^'-fi'
long, l'-2,'i' wide; peduncles i'-.^' long;
heads globose, alwut 1' in diameter, the re-
ceptacle pubescent; flowers sessile, white,
^"-6" long; style very slender, about twice
the length of the corolla; calyx-tube pro-
longed beyond the ovary.
In swiunps.and lowKroniids.N'ew Brunswick to
western Ontario and California, south to I'lorida,
Texas and .Vrizoua. .Mso in Cuba. .\lso called
Pond Dogwood, Uultonwood .Shrub. June-Sept.
4. MITCHELLA L. Sp. PI. in. 1753.
Creeping herbs, with opposite petioled, entire or ninlnlate, evergreen leaves, and white
axillary or terminal peduncled geminate dimorphous flowers, their ovaries united. Calyx-
tube ovoid, the limb ;,-6-lobed (usually 4-lobed). Corolla fnnnelform, usually 4-lol)ed, the
lobes recurved, bearded on the inner side. Statiiens as many as the lobes of the corolla and
inserted on its throat; filaments .short and style exserted, or filaments exserted and style .short.
Ovary 4-celled ; stigmas 4, short, filiform; ovules i in each cavity, erect, anatropons. Fruit
composied of 2 united drupes usually containing 8 roundish nutlets. Seed erect; cotyledons
short, obtu.se; embryo minute. [Named after Dr. John Mitchell, botanist and correspondent
of Linnaeus in Virginia.]
Two species, one North .Vmerican, the other Japanese.
I. Mitchella repens L. Partridge-berry. Twin-berry. (Fig. 3404.)
Milchella repetia I,. Sp. PI. in. 1753.
Stems slender, trailing, rooting at the
nodes, 6'- 12' long, branching, glabrous, or
very slightly pubescent. Leaves ovate-or-
bicular, petioled, obttise at the apex,
rounded 01 somewhat cordate at the base,
3"-io" long, pinnately veined, dark
green, .shining; peduncles shorter than
the leaves, bearing 2 sessile white flowers
at the -summit; corolla ^"-b" long; drupes
red (rarely white), broader than high, 1"-
4" in diameter, persi.stent through the
winter, edible.
In woods, Nova Scotia to Kloridii, west to
western Ontario, Minnesota, .\rkansas and
Texas. April-June, sonieliines lloweriuK
a second time in the autntnn. Called
also Hive- or ,S<iuaw vine, Checker berry.
Deer-berry, Hox or Hox-berry, Partridse-
vine and Winter Clover. Leaves often whit-
ish veined, flower-buds pink. Ascends sixxj
ft. in Virginia.
Vol,. III.]
MADDKR FAMILY.
217
5. SPERMACOCE I,. Sp. PI. 102. 175;,.
Herbs, with 4-si(le(l stems, opposite piiinately veined stipulate leaves, atitl small white
flowers, in dense axillary and terminal clusters. Calyx-tuhe obovoid or ohconic, its limb 4-
toothed. Corolla funnelform, 4-lol)ed. Stamens 4, inserted on the tube of the corolla;
anthers oblong or linear. Ovary 2-celled; ovules i in each cavity; style slender; stigma
capitate, or slightly 2-lol)ed. Capsule coriaceous, didymous, of 2 dehiscent carpels, or one
dehiscent, the other indehiscent. .Seeds oblong, convex on the l)ack; endosperm horny;
embryo central; cotyledons foliaccous. [Greek, seed-point, from the sharp calyx-teeth sur-
mounting the carpels.]
Two species, natives of America.
I. Spermacoce glabra Michx. Smooth
Buttoti-weed. (Kig. 3405.)
Sfieimafihe glabra Michx. I'"l. Ilor. Am. i: Si'. 1803.
Glabrous, decumbent or ascending, rather stout; .stems
lo'-2o' long. Leaves lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate,
petioled, or the uppermost se'.sile, i'-3' long, 4"-! 2"
wide, acute at each end, the margins rough; corolla
pubescent in the throat, about i U" long, scarcely exceed-
ing the ovate-lanceolate acute calyx teeth; stamens and
style included; capsule obovoid, about 2" long, glabrous;
seeds black, punctate.
On river banks and in wet .soil, soufliern Ohio and Ken-
lucky to I'lorida and Texas. Also in trojiical America.
June-Sept.
6. DIODIA L. Sp. PI. 104.
Pecumbent or ascending brandling herbs, with opposite, mostly sessile, entire conspicu-
ously stipulate leaves, and small axillary white lilac or purple tlower.s. Calyx tube obconic
or obovoi<l, the limb 2-4-lobed (sometimes i-6-lobed), often with minute teeth between the
lobes. Corolla funnelform or salverforni, mostly 4-lobed. Stamens usually 4, inserted on
the throat of the corolla; lilaments slender; anthers versatile, oblong-linear, exserted.
Ovary 2-celled (rarely 3-4-celled); ovules i in each cavity; style fdiform, simple, or 2-cleft;
stigmas 2. I'ruit crustaceous or somewhat fleshy, oblong, obovoid, or subglobose, 2-celled,
finally separating into 2 indehiscent carpels. Seed oblong, convex on the back; endosperm
horny; cotyledons foliaccous; embryo straight. [Greek, thoroughfare, where the species
are frequently found.]
About 3,s species, mostly American. Uisides the following, anollier occurs in the southern States.
lA'avcs hnear-lauceolate; style entire; sticinas capitate. i. I), teres.
Leaves lanceolate ot oval; style acleft; stigmas lili form. 2. P. yirginia/ta.
1753-
llark
[hail
Ivers
lipes
I2"-
1 the
ht to
;in<l
iiiK
llled
Ihit-
■SIHX)
I. Diodia teres Walt. Rough Button-weed.
(Fig. 3406.)
Diodia teres Walt. V\. C.ir. 87. 178S.
Spei iiiacoce dioJina Michx. I'l. Bor. Am.
1S03.
Rigid, usually rough, much branched from near the
base, the branches prostrate or ascending, 4-sided
above, Y-y>' long- Leaves linear or linear-lanceo-
late, very rough, }i'-i'/i' long, I ^"-3" wide, acute,
the margins revolute when dry; flowers lilac or pur-
ple, 2"-y long, usually solitary in the axils; style
entire; .stigmas capitate; fruit obovoid or top-shaped,
hi.spid, about 2" high, the usually 4 persistent calyx-
lobes ovate to lanceolate.
In dry or sandy soil, Connecticut to Florida, west to
Illinois, Missouri, Texas, New Mexico and Souoia.
July-Sept.
RL'IUACI'AI';.
u-
[Vol.. III.
2. Diodia Virginiana L. Larger
Button-weed. (Fig. 3i07.)
Diinlin I'iiffhiiana I,. Sp. 1*1. 104. 175.?.
Hispid-pubescent or glabrate, much
branched from near the base, the branches
procumbent or ascendinR, l°-2° long.
I<eaves lanceolate to Jiarrowly oval, nar-
rowed at tlie base, acute, or the lowest ob-
tuse at the apex, i'-,,' long; flowers i or a
in eadi axil, aljout 6" long, the corolla-tube
very slender; fruit somewhat fleshy, but
becoming dry, hirsute or glabrous, oval,
3"-4" high, furrowed, crowned with the 2
or 3 persistent lanceolate calyx-lobes.
Ill moist soil, southern Xcw Jersey to Flor-
ida, wist 111 Arkansas and Texas. June-.\ug.
7. GALIUM L. Sp. ri. 10,5. 1753.
.\nnual or perennial herbs, with 4-angled slender stems and branches, fipparently verti-
cillate leaves, and small wliite green yellow or purple flowers, mostly in axillary or termi-
nal cymes or panicles, the pedicels usually jointed with the calyx. Flowers perfect, or in
.some species dioecious. Calyx-tube ovoid or globose, the limb minutely toothed, or none.
Corolla rotate, 4-lobed (rarely 3-lobed). Stamens 4, rarely ;,; fdaments short; anthers ex-
serted. Ovary 2-celled; ovules i in eacli cavity. Styles 2, short; stigmas capitate. Fruit
didymous, dry or fleshy, smooth, tuberculate, or hispid, separating into 2 indehiscent car-
pels, or sometimes only I of the carpels maturing. Seeil convex on the back, concave on
the face, or spherical anil hollow; endosperm horny; embryo curved; cotyledons foliaceous.
[Greek, milk, from the use of (7, vciiiin for curdling.]
About 22.5 species, of wide Keo^raphic ilisttil)iitioii. H'"iides the followinpf, about 27 others
occur ill the southern and wosleni p irts of .North Viuerici. The leaves are really o))posite, tlie in-
tervening members of the verticils beiiif; stipules.
•X- Fruit dry, smooth, hispid or roughened.
t Anniicila. (exctpt No. i. 1
I. I'lowers yellow; leaves narrowly linear. i. G. zt'iiini.
2. Flowers wlrte or Rrieiiish while.
a. I'ruit sniDoth ami glabrous. 2. G. Afnlliigi'.
b. I"niit bristly, tubt-rcli d or papillose.
Flowers in axillary eymules, or paiiichil.
I'mit granular or tuberckil, not bristly.
I''ruit slightly gr.iiuilar, or smooth, \i
Btcili very slender.
Fruit granular lubi.rele(l, I'i" broad
bro.id; pedicels not recurved;
,V G. /'ill I'sieiise.
finiting pedicels recurved; stem stout.
4. G. Ii hoi lie.
9. G. laiiceolatum.
I'ruit densely bristly-hispid.
Cymes few llowend; leaves I'-.V louj; fruit fully 2" broad. ,s. G. A/>arine.
Cymes mostly several-llowered; leaves '2' 1' long; fruit smaller. (>. G. sfiurium.
I'lowers solitary in llie axils, subtended by 2 foliaceous br.iets; fruit bristly. 7. (i. viii;alum.
t t ]'i I initials.
I. Fruit bristly hispid (or becoming glabrous in no. 12).
a. I.eavis in 4's, iiurved. 8. G. pi/osiiin.
b. Leaves in 4's, ^-lurved.
I.eavcs lanceolate, oval, or ovate; flowers in optii cymes.
Ipper leaves lanceolate to ovate-lauceolati'. acuuiiuate.
I'pper leaves ovate, oblong, oval, ovate-lanceolate or obovatc, obtuse.
Corolla usually hirsute; jilant mostly pubescent; leaves oblong to ovate-lanceolate.
10. G. cniae:aii.';
Corolla glabrous; plant little pubescent; some leaves obovate
Leaves linear to lanceolate; flowers in terminal panicles.
C. Leaves in 6's.
2. Fruit smooth and glabrous (warty in no. 15).
a. Flowers brown purple.
Leaves lanceolate, 3-nerved; fruit suiootli. 14. G. lali/olhim.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, i-nerved; fruit warty. 15. G. Aikaiisaiium.
b. Flowers white, yellowish, or greeni.sli.
Fiudosperm of seed annular in ci iss-section.
Corolla 4-parted, its lobes acute; stems smooth, or nearly so.
Corolla mostly 3-parted, its lobes obtuse; steins minutely retrorse-liispid
Pedicels slender, rough; leaves luoslly in 4's. 17. G. Iiifidiiiil.
Pedicels rather stout, smooth; leaves mostly in .i's and 6's. iH. G. Clayloiii.
II.
12.
1.3-
G. k'aiiilsilialicuin.
G. boiTiile.
G. ti ifloium.
ifi. G. lincloiiiim.
Vol. III.]
M.\nnER FAMILY.
219
ICiulospcrn of seed Uiniite in cross-si'ction.
Leaves obtuse.
Leaves acute, or cuspidate.
Stem nearly or ([uite smooth.
Stem strongly retrorse liisKid.
•A- vv Fruit fleshy, resembling a double berry.
19. (7. fialiislre.
20. (r. coiiciiiitnni
21. O. tisfitelliim.
22. G. Iii<:pidulum.
ticum.
1. Galium verum L. Yellow Bed.straw.
Lady's Bedstraw. (I'*ig. 340S.)
Gtiliinii :fi Kill L. Sp. I'l. 107. 17.S.V
Perennial from a somewhat woody base, erect or
ascendiiij?, simple or branched, 6' -2J2° high. Stems
smooth or minutely roughened; leaves in 6'sor 8's,
narrowly linear, .\"~i2" long, about J^" wide,
rough on the mart;ins, at length defloxetl; flowers
yellow, the cymes in dense narrow panicles; fruit
usually glabrous, less than i " broad.
In waste places and fields, Ontario, e.istcrn New
ICuRland, southern New York and Newjersey. .Adveii-
live or naturalized from Hurojie. Native also of Asia.
May-Sept. Called also Cheese-reiniel, Curdwort, lied-
flower, l-'Ieawort, Maids' Hair and Yellow Cleavers.
2. Galium Mollugo L. Wild Madder.
White, or Great Hedge Redslraw.
(Fig. 3409.)
Cell ill III .tfol/ii!;,! L. Sp. PI. 107. 1753.
Glabrous or nearly so throughout. .Stems erect, or
diffusely branched, i°-^° long; leaves in 6'sor 8's,
oblanceolate or linear, cuspidate at the apex, 6"-i5"
long, I "-2" wide, sometimes roughish on the mar-
gins; flowers small, white, very numerous in terminal
j)anicled cymes; pedicels filiform; fruit smooth and
glabrous, nearly i" broad.
In fields and waste places, Newfoundland to Vermont,
New York, I'ennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware. Ad-
ventive or n.ituraiized from ICurope. Called also Wliip-
tougue. ^Lly-,Sept.
3. Galium Parisiense L. Wall Bedstraw.
(Fig. 3410.)
tUilium piiiisiiirw L. Sp. PI. luS. 1753.
tialiiim Aiig!i<iiiii lluds. I'M. AukI. Jul. 2, (19. 177S.
.\nnual, erect or ascending, very slender, much branch-
ed; stem rough on tlie angles, 6'-i2' high. Leaves in
verticils of about 6 (4-7), linear or linear-lanceolate,
cuspidate, minutely scabrous on the margins and mid-
rib, 2''-J^" long; cymes .several-llowercd, axillary and
terminal on filiform peduncles; flowers minute, greenish-
white; fruit glabrous, finely granular, less than yi" wide.
Along roadsides, Virginia,
from luirupe. June-.Vug.
.\dvcnlive or naturalized
220
Rl'UIACEAE.
4. Galium tricorne vStokes.
Corn Hedstraw.
[Vor-. Ill,
RouKh-fruited
(Fig. 341 !•)
(•'(j/iuiii ///<-(>;•«(■ Slokcs; With. Hot. Arr, llrit. V\. VA. 3, i;
Rather stout, <IecuinI)eiit or asceiuliug, 6'-i2' liigli,
siiiipk', or little branched. Stem rough with reflexed
prickles; leaves in 6's or 8's, linear or narrowly ob-
lanceolate, i' long or less, i, '^"-2" wide, rough on
the margins and midrib; peduncles axillary, shorter
than the leaves; pedicels thickened and curved down-
ward in fruit; cymes axillary, usually 3- ( 1-3- 1 flow-
ered; fruit tuberculate or granular, not hispid, 4" 5"
broad.
Ill waste places (ir cultivated fields, eastward (accnrd-
iiiK to t~,rayi; Ontario, and in ballast about llie eastern
seaports. May-.\ug
5. Galium Aparine ly. Cleavers. Goo.se-
grass. Cleaver-wort. (Fig. 3412.)
(','a/iiiiu A/'ai hir I,. .Sp. PI. laS. 175.1.
.Vnnual, weak, scrambling over bushes, 2°-s° long,
the stems retrorsely hispid on the angles. Leaves in
6'sor.S's, oblanceolate to linear, cuspidate at the apex.
\'-T,' long, 2"-5" wide, the margins and midrib very
rough; flowers in 1-3 flowered cyniesintheupper axils;
peduncles 5'''-i2" long; fruiting pedicels straight;
fruit 2"-3" broad, densely covered with short hooked
bristles.
In various situations, New lirunswick to Ontario, south
to Florida, Missouri and Texas. .Xpparently naturalized
from liurope. Widely distributed in temperate reffions
as a weed. May-Sept. Among some 70 other Iui«lish
names are Catchweed, Beggar lice, lUirhead, Clover-grass,
Cling-rascal, Scratch-grass, Wild I ledge-burs, Ilairif or
Airif,Stick-a-back or Stickle-back, Oosling grass, Gosling-
weed, Turkey-grass, Pigtail, CiriporGrip-gra.ss, I.oveman.
Sweethearts.
6. Galium spurium L,. Les.ser-Goose-
gras.s or Cleavers. (Fig. 3413.)
Call urn sf>u rill III L. Sp. PI. 106. 1753.
Galium raillaiilii IK. Fl. F'rance. 4: 263. l8o,s.
Galium Aparine var. Raillaiilii Koch, Fl. (5erm. 330
1S37.
Similar to the preceding species but smaller, the
.stem equally rough-angled. Leaves smaller, i' in length
or less, linear-oblong or slightly oblanceolate, cuspi-
date-pointed, rough on the margins and midrib; cymes
2-9-flowered; fruit i"-iy2" broad, usually less hispid,
sometimes smooth, or nearly so.
In low grounds, Ontario to British Columbia, south in
the Rocky Mountains to .Vrizoua and to California. .Mso in
ICurope. or the .\nicrican plant may be distinct from the
i;uropean. Called also Smooth-fruited Corn Bcdslraw.
May-Aug.
Vol.. III.]
M.\DI)ER r.\MILY.
221
7. Galium virgatum Nutt. Southwest-
ern Bed.straw. (Fig. 3414.)
ise-
h"- 33'>
tr, the
llengtli
\ cuspi-
Icyines
liispid,
luth in
Ivlsoin
Im the
Istraw.
GaliiDii ziif^a/iiin Null.;
1841.
T. cS: C. I'M. X. A. 2; 20.
Annual, 4'-i2' hij,'h, usually hispid, sonie-
tinjes nearly glabrous; -stem very .slender, 4-an-
gled, branched from the ba.se, or simple. Leaves
in 4's, oblong or linear-oblong, i'/i"-^" long,
l" wide, or less, obtuse or acutish; peduncles
axillary, l-flo\vered, less than I " long, recurved
in fruit; flower white, subtended by 2 large ob-
long to lanceolate bracts which closely resemble
the leaves; fruit about 1" in diameter, covered
with slender barbed bristles.
t'lrcenc Co , Mo., i)riil)al)ly iulroduced from the
soullr, .Arkansas to Louisiana anil Texas. .\])ril -
June.
8. Galium pilosum Ait.
Hairy Bedstraw. (Fig. 3415.)
(,'ci/iiiin f>Uosiii)i Ait. Hort. Kcw. i: 145. 1789.
O'aliiun Jtei mmifitsi' 1.. Sp. 1*1. 105. 1753?
Perennial, more or less hirsute-pubescent;
stems ascending, branched, i°-2/i° long.
I<eaves in 4's, oval or oval-ovate, punctate, i-
nerved, obtuse, or obscurely 3-nerved at the
base, niucronulate,6'''-i2" long, ^''-S" wide,
the lower usually smaller; pedmicles axillary
and ttrininal; cymes numerous but few-flow-
ered; pedicel.s 1 "-6" long, (lowers yellowish-
purple; fruit dry, densely hispid, nearly 2"
in diameter.
In dry or sandy soil, lastern Massachusetts to
Indiana, south to Florida and Texas. June-Aug.
Galium pilosum puncticulosum (Michx.) T. & G.
m. N. A. 2: 24. 1841.
Galium puiic/icii/osuin Michx. VI. lior. .\ni. i:
So. 1.803.
("dahrous or nearly so; leaves sni.iUer, ciliate.
.Southern .New Jersey to Florida and Texas.
I'L-rliaps a distinct species.
9. Galium lanceol^tum Torr. Tor-
rev '.s Wild Liquorice. (Fig. 3416.)
Galiiimcircae:ans\:ix. lanceolahnn Torr. Cat. I'l.
X. Y. 23. iSiQ.
Ga/tinii lanccolaliim Torr. Fl. V. S. iijS. 1824.
Galium Torieyi liigel. Fl. Host. lid. 2, 56. iS2|.
I'erennial, glabrous or nearly .so, tlie .stems
minutely roughened, simple or often branched,
l°-2^ high. Leaves in 4's, lanceolate or ovate-
lanceolate, acutish or acuminate, 3-nerved,
more or less ciliate on the margins and nerves,
l'-2,'j' long, a"-!!'" wide, the lower smaller
and obtuse or obtu.si.sh; cymes rather few-
flowered, loose, widely branched; flowers ses-
sile or very nearly so; corolla glabrous, yellow-
ish green to purple, its lobes acuminate; fruit
dry, hispid with long h.iirs, 2"-2j4" broad.
In dry woods, yuebec and Ontario to Minnesota,
south to New Jersey, Peinisylvania and Michigan.
.Vscends to 4i«)0 ft. in Virginia. June-.\ug.
222
RUniACKAE.
[Vol,. III.
lo. Galium circaezans Miclix.
Wild Lifiiiorice. Cross-Cleavers.
(FiK. ^■^^■)
<;. ci I cae:ansy\\c\\\. V\. Hor. Am. i: So. iSo,).
IVTcnnial, tnore or les.s putiesi-ent, liraiicli-
ed, l°-2° litKli. Leaves in 4's, oval, oval-
lani'eolate or ovate, obtuse or ohtusisli al
the apex, ^-nerved, 6"-iS" lonj;, 4"-.S''
wide, usually .soiiiewliat pubescent on both
surfaces, the lower smaller; cymes divari-
cately branched; flowers sessile or nearly
.so, f^reeiiish; corolla hirsute without, its
lolies acute; fruit hispid, similar to that of
tlie preceding species, at leufjth deflexed.
Ill (liy woods, Oui'becand Ontario to Slitinc-
sota, I'lorida, Kansas and Ti-xas. May- July.
Galium circaezans glabelluin Krittoii, Mem. Torn
Chib, 5: V'v I"*')!.
I'oliaKP niiirly or quite glabrous; corolla gla-
brous. Ni \v York.
XI. Galium Kamtschaticum Steller.
Northern Wild Liquorice. (Fig. 3418.)
Galium h'aiithclialiciim Steller; R. & S. Maiit. 3:
186. 1827.
Galium /.ii/f/iiiOakva, Hovuy's Ma(r. 7: 170. 1S41.
Ciiliiim ciic(ii:<iiis var. mou/iiniim '['. t<. C. I'l. N.
A. 2; 24. 1H41.
Similar to the preceding species, but weak,
smaller, stems 4'- 15' lon^j. Leaves in 4's, broadly
oval, orbicular, or obovate, thin, 3-nerved, ob-
tuse, mucronulate, 6'''-i8" long, 4'''-i2''' wide,
glabrate, or pubescent with short scattered hairs
on the upper surface and on the nerves beneath,
sometimes ciliate; flowers few, all on pedicels
2'"-6" long; corolla glabrous, yellowish-green,
its lobes acutish; fruit hispid, 2" broad.
In mountainous rtKii'iis, <Jutbt'c, nortliern Xiw
England and noitlurn New York. .\lso in nortli
eastern Asia. Summer.
12. Galium boreskle L,. Northern
Bed.straw. (Fig. 3419.)
Galium boreale I,. Sp. PI. loS. 175,^
Galium seplcniiionalc R. & S. .Syst. 3: 253.
1818.
I-;rect, perennial, smooth and glabrous,
strict, simple, or branched, leafy, i°-2yi°
high. Leaves in 4's, lanceolate or linear,
3-nerved, obtuse or acute, l'-2'/4' long,
I "-3" wide, the margins sometimes ciliate;
panicles terminal, dense, many-flowered,
the flowers white in small compact cymes;
fruit hispid, at lea.st when young, some-
times becoming glabrate when m.iture,
about i" broad.
In rocky soil or along streams, Quebec to
Alaska, south to New Jersey, I'eunsylvania,
Michigan, Nebraska, New Mexico and Cali-
fornia. .Vlso in IJurope and northern .\sia.
May- Aug.
^^
t^^'.
3: 2,S.v
ibrous,
linear,
long,
iliate;
ivered,
ymes;
some-
ature,
bee to
vania,
; Cali-
Aaia.
Vol. in.]
.MADDI'R IWMILY.
223
»3
Galium trifldrum Miclix. vSwcet-
sccMited or Fragrant liecLstraw.
(Fig. 3420.)
(iiiliiim li ifho iitii Mklix, I'l. Kor. Am. i: 80. if<i),(.
IVrcnnial, ilitTuse, procumbent, or ascenilinj,',
glabrou.s or nearly so, shining, fragrant in dry-
ing, the stems .iiul nutrgins of the leaves some-
times a little rongheneii. Leaves in 6's, nar-
rowly oval or slightly oblanceolate, i -nerved,
cuspidate at the apex, narrowed at the liase,
''-,V'i' loi'Ki 2"-6" wide; peduncles slender,
terminal and axillary, often exceeding tlie
leaves, j-Aowered or l)ranche(l into 3 pedicels
which are 1-3-flowered; flowers greenish; fruit
1 1^"-2'/ hroad, hi.spid witli hooked hairs; seed
almost .spherical, the groove obsolete.
In woods, Nova Scotia to .\laska, south to .\Ia
batiia, Louisiana, the Indian Territory, Colorado
anil California. .Mso in northern Ivurope, Japan
and the Himalayas. June-Aug.
''W w
15. Galium Arkansanum A. Gray.
Arkansas Bedstraw. (Fig. 3422. j
(,'alium A I til ii\a II II III X. dray. I'roc. .\m. .\cad.
19: So. iSS.i.
Similar to the preceding species but usually
lower, the leaves linear-lanceolate, 6"-i2"
long, I "-3" wide, the lateral nerves obscure
or none, the midrib sometimes pubescent be-
neath, and the margins ciliate; fruiting pedi-
cels roughish, 3"-i2" long; flowers brown-
purple, the numerous cymes loosely several-
many-flowered; fruit glabrous, warty, some-
what fleshy, each carpel i"-i J2'' in diameter.
Soutlicin Missouri and .Arkansas. Jinii-July.
14. Galium latifolium Michx.
Purple Hedstraw. (Fig. 3421.)
(iaiiiiin lali/oliuiii Sliclix. 1"1. lior. Am. i: 79,
l8o,v
I'erennial, erect, smooth and glabrous,
branched, i°-2°higli. I,eaves in 4's, lanceo-
late, 3-nerved, acuminate at the apex.narrow-
ed or rounded at the base, i'-2' long, 4"-S"
wide, the midrib .sometimes pubescent be-
neath, the margins minutely roughened, the
lower smaller and sometimes opposite; pe-
duncles axillary and terminal, slender, but
usually shorter than the leaves; flowers pur-'
pie; cymes loosely many-flowered, the pedi-
cels slender, 2"-6" long, smooth or very
nearly so; fruit smooth, slightly llesliy, 2"
broad, usually only one of the carpels devel-
oping.
In dry woods in mountainous riKions, rcnn-
sylvania to r.rorgia. May ,\ug.
-224 RriUACKAK. [Vol,. Ill-
16. Galium tinctdrium I,. Stiff Marsh Ikdstraw. Wild MatUier.
(I' IK- 3^2.V)
lliiliiiin liiifliii iiDii r,. St) I'l. io(), I7,s,i.
Oiiliiiin liifiitum var. lati/olitiin 'I'orr. I'l. N. i^ Mi<l.
States, 7s. iSjd,
(niliiiin iililiisiim lli({cl<i\v, IM. Host. I'M. i, ,SS. lHJ4.
rcreiiiiial; stoiii crt'ct, h'-\^' IiIk''. rallier stiff,
hraiu'lied almost to tlic base, the braiu'lies coiii-
liioiily solitary, strict (not irrc).;iilnrly diiTuse),
several times forked; .stem .>-aii(.;Ifd, nearly gla-
brous; leaves eomnioiily in 4's, linear to lanceo-
late, >i' I'loiifj; liroatlest below the middle, ob-
tuse, inineate at the base, dark green and dull, not
papillose, 1 -nerved, the margins and midrib rotigli-
ish; (lowers terminal in clusters of 2or,i; pedicels
V'yt \^ ns^, I //' slender, not much divaricate in fruit; corolla
' \ fi^'4^'^ K white, large, l"'\\" broad, (-parted, its lobes
oblong, acute; disk large; fruit smooth; seed
y spherical, hollow, annular in cross-section.
Damp sliiuly plnci s, wit nitadows and swamps,
Canada to North Carolina and Titnusstc, west to
MichiBnii, Nebraska and Arizona. May-Jidy.
Galium tinctdrium filifolium Wieitand, Hull. Torr. Club, 24: y)7. 1S07.
More slender than the type ami ol'len more dilTuse; leaves almost liliform, i" wide or less, not
broader below the middle, strongly eellidar-papillose; inllorescence more open; pedi -els slender;
bracts minute; flowers in 2's or <,'•.; corolla iart;er. Sandy places in swamps, Virginia to I'lorida,
alonK tile co.ist.
Galium tinctorium Labradoricum Wieuand, bull. Toir. Club, 24: y.?,. 1897.
r,ow and strictly elect, 2' -10' liigh; branches few, ascenilinjf, mostly from the upper T1<>.1.-.
stem as in tlie type; leavi s small, ,V' \" lotur, linear, rellexed; flowers large. In sphaunous i. jK'
Coiniccticut, .New inrk and Wisconsin to Labrador.
17. Galium trifidum L,. Small Bed.stra\v.
Small Cleavers. (Fig. 3424.)
(ialiiiiii IrifniiiiH I,. Sp. I'l. io,s. I7,S,V
(/. 1 11 till II III var. f<ii sill inn X. Ciray, Man. ICd. ,5, 21K). 1S67.
rerennial by slender rootstocks, very slender and
weak; stem ascending, 16' long or less, much branched
and intertangled; stem sharply .(-angled, rough; branches
comnioidy in 2's; leaves in 4's, linear-spatulate, llz"-!"
long.obtuse, cuneateatthebase, i-nerved, dark green and
dull on both surfaces, scarcely papillose, the margins
and midrib retrorse-scabrous; flowers small, on lateral
or terminal pedicels which are capillary and much longer
than the leaves, commonly two at each node or three
terminal; corolla very small, white, '+'" long, trifid, its
lobes broadly oval, very obtuse; fruit glabrous; seed
spherical and hollow, annular in cross section.
S[)liaKnous l)o(;s and cold swamps, Maine to southern New
York, t)liio, Nebraska, Colorado) and northward. Sunnner.
18. Galium Claytoni Mich.K. Clayton's Bed.straw.
(I'liliiiin r/rtj/o;;/ Miclix. I'M. Hor. Am. i; 78. 1803.
lUiliuin lincloiiiiin Higelow, 1"1. bost. VA. 2, ,s(. 1824.
Perennial; stem erect or ascending, nuire diffuse
■when old, (I'-i^ high; stem slender or sometimes
(juite stout, sharply 4-angled, more or less rough, the
(lifTuse branches in 2'8; leaves of medium si/.e, 4"-S"
long, commonly in 5's or 6's, linear-spatulate or spatu-
late-oblong, obtuse, cuneately narrowed into a .short
petiole, rather firm in texture, scabrous on the mar-
gin and midrib, dark green and dull above, not papil-
lose, discolored in drying; flowers in clu.sters of 2's or
3's, terminal, provided with I or 2 minute bracts;
pedicels .straight, in fruit strongly divaricate, glabrous
and rather stout; corolla minute, white, 3-parted,
the lobes broadly oval, obtuse; fruit glabrous; seed
spherical and hollow, annular in cross-section.
Swamps, Massachusetts and New York to North Caro-
lina, MichiRan, Missouri and Texas. May-July.
Vol.. HI.
MAnnrm f.vmily.
225
I Sat.
IdifTuse
leliines
\h, the
-s"
I spatu-
short
niar-
I papil-
2'sor
Jiracts;
abrou.s
parted,
seed
Caro-
19. Galium palvistre I,
C'li/i'inn fiii/in/if I,. Sp. I'l, lo.v 175,1.
1,'ii/iniii /li'idiiin v;ir. hi/nliinn .Muicmii, Cat. Can.
I'latits. .<u.\ is.S| '
rcrciinial, stem cri-ot and rii'lit-r slciiiU-r,
iit)()iit !()' liiK'li; iiileriiodi's vfi V ImiK Miiiildlo
uiif 2 '.-'-3' loiinj; short hraiii'lii-s tiioslly in 2's.
Sli'Ul sliarplv .|-aiij;li.'d, Kl't'i^Kiis or a little
ri)Uj;li; leaves in lypicil si)ecinifiis ralluT
sin/ilI, in 2'.s to '^I's. liiuar-clliptie to spatnlate,
rnneatc at the base, olitiisc, .i"-^" loii).;, l"-
2" wide, the rather llrni niarj/ins and tlie
tnidrili sli).;htly si-.ihrons, not p.-ipillosc; flowers
nutneroiis in terminal .md lateral cymes; hrac-
te(des in the inlloreseener niimiti'; jiediiels in
(lower .-iseendinK, l'.'"--V'.." lonn, in frnit
strongly divarieate; eorolla larj^c, white, i"-
I '4 " hroad, .l-|):irted, the lohcs ohlonj;, aenle;
disk almost ohsolete; fruit ^Inhrous; endosperm
of the seed grooved on the inner faee, in cross-
section lunate.
In datiip sliady or open places along roadsides
and ditclii s, 'ir in the margins cif swamps. New-
rmnidl.ind. I'linee IMward Island and tjuehei-,
to M.issaeliusi tts and New Voik. .\lsiiin ivunipe.
Mai-.sh Ucdslraw.
-.A
(I'iK. :,4;r).)
20. Galium concinnum Torn &
Gray. vSliiniiij^^ iJudstruw.
fl-iji. 34:17. )
Cialium fxinijloi iiiit Kal'. Mi il. Kip. (11) 5:
< iiiliiiiil ton, iiniinii'l'. >V d. I'M. N. .\. 2 25. |S(I.
Perennial, glabrous, shining, usually much
hraiiclied, the angles of tlie stem and edges
of the leaves ndunlely scabrous. Leaves usu-
ally all in 6's, linear or sometimes Ijroader
above the ndddle, narrowed at the base,
blunt-pointed, or n\iuutcly cuspidate, 4"-6"
long, :"-I^'2" wide, green in drying; pedun-
cles fdiform; pedicels short; flowers minute,
white, n\inierous in open cymes; frnit small,
glabrous; en<losperin deeply grooved.
Ill dry woodlands, w< stem New Jersey to Vir-
Rinia, west to Mintiesol.i aii<l .\rkaiisas. June-
Auk.
21. Galium asprellum Michx. Rough
IJedstraw. (Fig. 3428.)
(7a/iiim iis/trcZ/iini Micli\. I'l. lior. Am. 1:78. i?o,^.
Perennial, weak, much branched and reclining
on bushes, or sometimes erect; stem retrorsely
hispid, 2°-6° long. Leaves in 6's or ,s's, or those
of the branches rarely in 4's, narrowly oval or
slightly oblanceolate, cuspidate at the apex, nar-
rowed at the base, sometimes so much so as to ap-
pear petioled, 4"-S" long, \"-2" wide, their
margins and midribs rough; cymes terminal and
a.xillary, several-many-flowered; flowers white;
fruit smooth] and glabrous, about \" broad; cndo-
sperm ^with a'shallowfgroove. ; _: '
.III moist soil, .Newfoundland to western 'Ontario,
south to North Carolina, Illinois, Wisconsin and
Nebraska. Called also Pointed Cleavers. Ascends
to ,-5,500 ft. in the Adirandaeks. June-.\ug.
15
226
RUBIACKAE.
[Vor,. III.
22. Galium hispidulum Michx.
Coast Bedstraw. (I'ig. 3429.)
Galium liispiduIiiDi Miclix. I'l. lUir. Am. i: 79.
1803.
Perennial, much branched, hirsute, hi.spi'l
or nearly glabrous, i°-2° high. Leaves in
4's, i-nerved, oval, nuicronate, rather thick,
3"-lo" loni;, I, '2 "-4" wiile, the margins
more or less revolute in drying;; (lowers few,
terminating; the branclilels, white; pedicels
3"-4" long, rather stout, becoming detlexcd
in fruit; fruit fleshy, minutely pubescent,
about 2" broad.
In dry or sandy soil, southern New Jersey to
I'lorida and Gfornia. ilay-Aug.
8. SHERARDIA L. Sp. PI. 102. 1753.
Slender annual procumbent or dilfiise herbs, with vcrticillate spiny-pointed leaves, and
small ncarl)' sessile pink or blue flowers, in terminal and axillary iuvolucrate heads. Calyx-
tube ovoid, its limb 4-6-lobed, the lobes lanceolate, persistent. Corolla funnelform, 4-5-
lobed, the tube as long as the li,>bes or longer. Stamens 4 or 5, inserted on the tube of the
corolla; filaments slender; anthers linear-oblong, exscrted. Ovary 2-celled; style 2-cleft at
the summit; ovules i in each cavity. I'ruit didymous, the carpels indchiscent. Seed erect.
[Nanittl for Dr. Wni. Slierard, 1659-1728, patron of Dlllcnius.]
A nionotypic gemi^ of the Old World.
...^'
I. Sherardia arv6nsis !<. Blue Field
Madder. Herb Sherard. Spurwort.
(Fig. 3430.)
Sheiaiilia ar:eiisis I,. Sp. I'l. 102. 1753.
Tufted, roughish, stems numerous, prostrate,
ascending, or decumbent, 3'-io' long. Leaves
in 4's, 5"s or 6's, the ujjper linear or lanceolate,
acute and sharp-pointed, rough-ciliate on the
margins, ^''-S" long, i"-2" wide, the lower
often obovate, niucronatc; flowers in slcnder-
peduncled iuvolucrate heads, the involucre
deeply 6-S-Iobed, the lobes lanceolate, sharp-
pointed; corolla-lobes spreading; fruit crowned
with the 4-6 lanceolate calyx-teeth.
In waste places, Ontario and eastern Massachu-
setts. Also in Herinuda. Adventive from ICurope.
June-July.
9. ASPERULA L. Sp. PI. 103. 1753.
Erect or ascending branching perennial herbs, with 4-angled stems, vcrticillate leaves,
and small white pink or blue flowers in terminal or axillary, mostly cyniose clusters. Calyx-
tube somewhat didymous, the limb obsolete. Corolla funnelform, 4-lobed. Stamens .(, in-
serted on the tube or throat of the corolla; anthers linear or oblong. Ovary 2-celled; ovules
I in each cavity; style 2-cleft. Fruit globosc-didymous, the carpels indchiscent. Seed ad-
herent to the pericarp; endosperm fleshy; embryo curved. [Latin diminutive of aaper,
rough, referring to the leaves. ]
About 80 species, natives of the Old World.
Vol,, in.]
MADDER I'AMILY.
227
kachu-
iiroiH-.
baves,
lalyx-
I4, in-
Ivulcs
1.1 a.l-
I. Asperula odorata L. Sweet
WoutlrufT. (Imk. 3431 •)
Asfifi nld oilm iilii I.. Sp. I'l. in^. I7,s,i.
Steins erect, sleiuler, stnoolli. Leaves usually
in Ss (()'s-i)'si, thin, oMonjj-lanreolatc, acuteor
olitnsc, iniiiTonate, i ncrvcil, roujjliish oti tlie
margins, 6"-iS" lonjj, the lower smaller, often
ohovatc oroblanocolate; peduncles terminal and
axillary, slender; cynics several-flowered; (low-
ers white or pinkish, i N" lonj;; pedicels \"-2"
Iouk; fruit very hispid, about i" broad.
In waste jil;ic<s. Nrw lininswiik, N. ]. l'ii(;ilive
friMii Iliircipf. Otliii ICiinli-h names are Hay plant,
Munwil (II MuKK>l, Knekweed, Swii t IlairliDcif.
Wcimlvip, Wiidilruwcl, Starnias>i, and Sweet K'ass.
May Jul .
Asperula arvensis I,, .iiKillirr ICiiropeaii speeii s,
with terminal lapilatc llciwits, and linear ohtii'-e
leaves, has heen found in waste places on Staten
Island.
I'aiiiily 35.
CAPRIFOLIACEAE Wiit. Tal)I. 2: 593. 1799.
IIoNl.VStCKI.I-; 1 A.MII.V.
Slinil)s, trees, vines, or j)erennial herhs, with opposite siiii])le or pinnate
leaves, aiul jierfeet, regtilaror irregular, mostly eynio.se (lowers. Sliptiles none,
or somelinies present. Calyx-tnhe adnate to the ovary, its limb ^-.s-loothed or
3-5-lo1)e(l. Corolla gamopetalous, rotate, eampannlate, t'tnmelforni. nrn-shaped,
or tulnilar, the ttibe often gibbous at the base, the limb 5-lobed, .sometimes 2-
lipped. .Stamens 5 (very rarely 4) , in.serted on the tube of the eorolla and alter-
nate with its lobes; anthers oblong or linear, versatile. Ovarx' inferior, 1-6-
celied; style slender; stigma eapitate, or 2-5-lobe(l, the lobes stigmalic at the
summit; ovules anatropous, i or several in eaeh eavity. l-'ruit a i-6-celled
berry, drupe, or eapstile. Seeds ol)long, globose, or angular; seed-eoat mem-
branous or erustaceous, .smooth or caneellate; embryo usually small, jjlaeed
near the hilum; radicle terete; cotyledons ovate.
.•\hiiut 10 (jenera and >'0o species, mostly natives of the northern heinisi>hetc, a few in .South
.\merica and .\ustralia.
Corolla rotate or urn shapeil; (lowers in compound cymes; style deeply 2 s-Iolied: shrubs or trees
I,iaves.i)innate; drui)e v.sseeded. i. .Smu/uit ii'i.
Leaves simple; drui)e i-eedid. '■'■
Corolla tubular or eampannlate, often 3 lippi <1; style slender.
I'.reet perennial herbs; leaves connate.
Creepin;;, somewhat woody herb; (lowers long-peduncled, Keminale.
Shrubs or vines.
I'ruit a few seeded berry.
Cf>roIla short, canipaiiulate, retfular, or nearly so.
Corolla more or less irrenular, tubular or eampannlate.
I'ruit a 2 celled capsule; corolla fnnnelform.
J. I'ihiirnutn.
.}. I.innaca.
,S. Symfi/ioi iiaifios.
6. /.ouicfiti.
7. Die>:'illa.
I. SAMBUCUS I.. Sp. PI. 2f)9. 1753.
Shrubs or trees (or some exotic species perennial herbs), with opposite pinnate leaves,
.serrate or laeiniate leaflets, and small white or pinkish flowers in compoitnd depressed or
thyrsoid cymes. Calyx-tube ovoid or turbinate, 3-5-tootlicd or ;,-5-lobed. Corolla rotate or
slij;litly eampannlate, regular, 3-5-lobed. Stamens 5, inserted at the base of the corolla;
lllamcnts slender; anthers oblong. Ovary ,^-5-cclled; style short, 3-partcd; ovules i in each
cavity, pendulous. Drupe berry-like, containinj; 3-5, i-seeded nutlets. iCndosperm fleshy;
embryo nearly as long as the seed. [Latin name of the elder. |
About 20 species, of wide Keo({raphic distribution. In addition to the following;, 3 others occur
in west* rn North .\merica.
Cyme convex; fruit purplish black. i. S. Ciinadeiins,
Cyme thyrsoid-paniculale, longer than broad; fruit red. 2. S. pithens.
228
CAl'KIl'OIJACKAI';.
[Vor.. III.
1
1\
I. Sambucus Canadensis ly.
American I'lkler. Sweet Ivlder.
(Ki);. ,U32.)
Saxibuciis Ciiii(Ulrii\i\ I,. Sp. I'l. 2Ipo. 1753.
A shrub, 4° -U)" liiuli, )^l;ibroiis or very
iienrly so tlirouglinut, tlic stems but lit-
tle wooily, the youiijjcr ones with large
while jiilli. Lcallcts 5-11, usually 7,
ovate or oval, acuminate or acute at the
apex, short- stalkeil, glabrous above,
sometimes slightly pubescent on the
veins l)eneath, 2'-5' long, sharply ser-
rate, sometimes stipellate; cymes con-
vex, broader than high; flowers white,
about jyi" broad; drupe deep purple
or black, nearly 3'' in diameter; nutlets
roughened.
In moist soil. Now liiuiiswick and Nova
Scotia to I'loriila.wcst to Slaiiitobu, Kansas,
Texas and Arizona. Ascends to .(hhi ft. in
North Car ilina. Called also lUilcr blow,
ICliler-licrry. The llowers and fruit liave
strong nu'dicinal iiropcities. Leaves heavy-
scented when crushed, those of young
shoots often stipulate. June-July.
2. Sambucus pubens Michx.
Red-berried Ivlder. (Fig. 3433.)
Sdiiihtiiiis pnhtvis Jlichx. 1"1. Hor. Am. 1:
iSi, iSo,(.
A shrub, 2°-i2° high, the twigs and
leaves commonly j)ubescent; stems
woody, the younger with reddish-brown
pith. Leaflets 5-7, ovate-lanceolate or
oval, acuminate at the apex, often narrow-
ed and usually inequilateral at the base,
2'-5' long, not stipellate, sharply serrate;
cymes thyrsoid, longer than broad; flow-
ers whitish, turning brown in drying;
drupe scarlet or red, 2"-^" in diameter;
nutlets very minutely rongheued.
In rocky places, New Uninswick to Brit-
ish Colf.iubia, Ceorgia, Colorado ami Cali-
fornia. I'ruit r.irely white. April-May.
Called also Mountain lUder. Ascends io
.Sooo ft. in \'irginia.
Sambucus piibens dissecta liritton, Mem.
Torr. Club, 5: ,^o.i. iSy).
Leaflets laciniate. I.ake Superior and
Pennsylvania.
Sambucus nigra laciniata (Mill.) DC., a
cut-leaved variety of the related Ivuropean
species, has b;iti found at Cape May, N. J.,
perhapH escaped from cultivation.
2. VIBURNUM T.. Sp. PI. r"^7. 1753.
Shrubs or trees, with entire dentate or lobcd, sotnetimcs stipulate leaves, and white or
rarely pink flowers in compound cymes, the outer flowers sometimes radiant and neutral.
Calyx-tube ovoid or turbinate, its limb short, 5-toothed. Corolla rotate or short-campanu-
late in our species, regular, 5-lobed, Stamens 5, inserted on the tube of the corolla; an-
thers oblong, cxserted. Ovary 1-3-ccned; style short, 3-lobed or 3-parted; ovules solitary in
each cavity, pendulous. Drupe ovoid or globose, sometimes flattened, i -seeded. Seed com-
pressed; endosperm fleshy; embryo minute. [The ancient Latin name.]
About 100 species, of wide geographic distribution. Resides the following, .about 5 others
occur in the southern and western parts of North America.
•A- Outer flowers of the cyme large, radiant; drupe red.
Leaves doubly serr.ite, pinnately veined. i. V. alnifolium.
l.,eaves 3-lobed, p.almatcly veined. 2. V. Opiilus.
V,- %{- None of tlie flowers radiant; drupe blue or black (red in no. 3).
I. Leaves palniately veined, or 3 ribbed.
Cymes !;i'-r broad, the rays short; drupe red. 3. V. pauciflorum.
111.
Vol.. III.]
IIONKYSrCKMC I-WMIIA'.
229
liite or
eutral.
npanu-
la; an-
tary in
d coni-
others
Cymes i,'j'-2,'j' bmad, llu- lays sliiultT; drupt- marly l)l'ck. 4. I', iicci ijoliuiii.
2. I.fiivfs ]>iiiiialily veiiiid.
a. I.iavis I'oaisfly ileiilaU . tin- veins iJidiniiKiil liiiicalli.
r.eavi"* very short pcliolfil, pubescent. ,S I'. t>iibe.tre)is.
I'eticiles \' -20" li)ti({.
Leaves glabrous, or with tufts of hairs In the axils beneath. 6. I', dcnialiiiit.
Leaves pubescent bineath, the pubescence more or less stellate.
Drujje tilobiise (ivciid; eastern. 7. I', motlc.
Drupe obloiin, twice as lonn as thick; western. ,s. / '. Ihiiiiirii'iiis.
b. Leaves entire, crennl.ite, or serrulate, the veins nut prominent.
Cymes in.mifc stly peihiucled.
I'ednnck' shorter thai\ the cyme; leaves crenulalo. o. /'. k; iiiii'i</cs.
I'eiluiule eiiuallint; or longer than the cyme; leaves mostly entire. 10. /'. iiiiiliiiii.
Cymes sessile, or nearly so.
Leaves sleiuler i)etioled, l.irKe.
Leaves prominently acuminate. 11. / '. /.iii/ii,i,'i).
Leaves obtuse, or merely acute.
Leaves and scarcely winj. d pctiohs (jlabrouR, or nearly so. 12. / '. firuiii/'olhiiii.
Veins of lower leaf surfaces and wiuned petioles tomentose. iv /' nifctuDirii/osiiiii.
Leaves nearly sessile, obovale. small. I). I'. ohoi'iiliDH.
I. Viburnum alnifolium Marsh. Hobblo-busli. American Warfariiig Tree.
(t'iR- 3434-) ,-. /"\
/'. i;/(///;i//hw/ Marsh. .\rb.-\m. if)?. 1785.
I'ihiii iiiim laiiliDioidfs Michx. I'l. Dor.
.\ni. i: 170. i8o,v
A shrill), with smooth iiurplisli bark,
sotiiclinies reaching a lieif^ht t)f 10°,
widely and irregularly branching, the
branches often procumbent, the younj;-
cst twigs scurfy. Leaves orbicular,
or very broadly ovate, strongly pin-
ii.ntely veined, sbortacutninate or
acute at the apex, usually cordate at
the base, finely stellate-pubescent, or
at length glabrous above, scurfy with
stellate pubescence or. the veins be-
neath, finely serrate all around, ,i'-fi'
broad; petioles 'j'-l^'j' long; cynics
sessile, },'-$' broad, the exterior flow-
ers usually radiant and neutral, aliout
l' broad; drupes red, becoming purple,
ovoid-oblong, ,s"-6''' long; stone 3-
grooved on one side, i -grooved on the
other.
In low woods, New Hrunswick to North
Carolina, western New York and Michi-
pau. I.e.ives of shoots from cut stumps
thin, ovate, coarsely toothed. May-June.
Vr'/j I
^i,^vv*^*-*»-v-v>t-1U-,,t. V-* •
2. Viburnum Opulus I.,. Cran-
berry-tree. Wild Guelder-rose.
High Hush-cranberrj'. (Fig. 3435.)
I'l/iiirinini O/iii/i/s L. .Sp. I'l. j6,s. I7,s,^.
f. Inloluon Marsh. .\rb. .Vni. i6j. 1785.
A shrub sometimes 12° high, with nearly
erect smooth branches. Leaves broadly
ovate, sometimes broader than long, gla-
brous, or with scattered hairs above, more
or less pubescent on the veins beneath,
rather deeply 3-lobcd, rounded or trun-
cate and 3-ribl)ed at the basr '.ic lobes
divergent, acuminate, coarsely dentate;
petioles yi'-l' long, glandular above;
cymes peduncled, 3'-.)' in diameter, the
exterior flowers radiant, neutral, '•'-!'
broad; drupes globose, or ov;d, 4"-,s" in
diameter, red, very acid, translucent; stone
orbicular, flat, not grooved.
In low Rrounds, New Hrun.swick to lirit-
isli Columbia, south to New Jer.sey, Miclii-
Ran and OrcKou. Also in ICurope and Asia.
Among many ICnRlish names are Marsh ,
Rose-, or Water-elder, White DorwoocI, Whit-
ten-tree, DoK Rowan-tree, Gaitcr-tree or Gat-
230
CAI'RirOIJACKAK.
[Vol.. III.
teti, Clirrrywood, May Rose, Sciuaw-busli, Cranipbark.
4. Viburnum acerifolium L.
Maple-leaved Arrow-wood.
Dockinakie. (Fija^. 3437.)
/'. acci ifdlium I,. Si>. I'l. 26S. 1753.
A sliriil), 3^-6^ h>Kl'> "i'li smooth
i^ray slender branches, ami somewhat
pubescent twigs and petioles. Leaves
ovate, orbicxdar, or broader than long,
cordate or truncate at the base, pubes-
cent on both sides, or beconiinji; j^la-
brate, 2'-5' broad, mostly rather deeply
3lobcd, coarsely dentate, the lobes acute
oracuniinate; petioles ^-'-I'lonj^; cynics
long-pcdunclcd, i 'i'-,^' broad; flowers
all perfect, 2" -3" broad; drupe nearly
black, ,'i"-4" lonjj, the stone lenticular,
faintly 2-ridKed on one side and 2-
grooved on the other.
In dry (iv mcky woods, New lirunswick
to North C^irolitia. west to Ontario, Michi-
gan and Minnesota. May-June.
-idS^/l^
In cultivation, tlu' Stiuwhall. June-July.
3. Viburnum pauciflorum Pylaie.
Fcw-llowered Craiiberry-tree.
(Fig. 34.^C^-)
I'ihiiriitiiii fya lie itli> ruin I'vlaic; T. N: li. I'l.
N. A. 2: 17. iS|i.
I'ihiii iiiiiii i>/iii/iis var. I'liiitiiiliiin Oakes,
Iloviy's MaK- 7: i^'v i.">ii.
A siraggliiig shrub, 2°-()° hijjh, with twigs
and petnles glabrous or nearly so. Leaves
broadly o ,al, obovate, or bro.adcr than long,
5-ribbed, 'runcate or somewhat cordate at
the base, in istly w ith 3 rather shallow lobes
above the n\iddle, coarsely and uneiiually
dentate, glab.ous above, more or less pu-
bescent on the voins beneath, i J^'-^' broad;
cymes peduncled short-rayed. ,'i'-i'broad;
flowers all perfect an<l small; drupes glo-
bose to ovoid, light red, acid, X''-^" long;
stone flat, orbicular, scarcely grooved.
In cold mountain woods, Newfoundland to
Alaska, south to Maine, New Ilauipshirc, Ver-
mont. IVuusylvauia, in the Kocky Mountains
to Colorado, and to Wasliiugtou. June-July.
.... ,. J
f.'V
1 \^-.
>>
5. Viburnum pubescens (Ait.) Pursh.
Downy-leaved Arrow-wood.
(Fig. 3438.)
I'ihuiiiiim dfiilalinii var. piihesci-ns .\it. Ilort.
Kew. 1: 372. 17S11.
f '. piihesceiis I'ursh, l'"l. Am. .Sept. 202. 1H14.
A branching shrub, 2°~5'' high with straight
and slender gray branches. Leaves sessile, or
on petioles less than 3" long, oyate or oval,
rounded or slightly cordate at the base, acute
or acuminate at the apex, co.irsely dentate,
I'A'-y long, densely velvety-pubescent be-
neath, glabrous, or with scattered hairs above,
or rarely glabrate on both surfaces; cymes pe-
duncled, lyi'-l'/i' broad, the flowers all per-
fect; drupes oval, nearly black, about 4" long;
stone slightly 2-grooved on both faces.
In rocky woods, (juebec and Ontario to Mani-
toba, south, especially alonif the AUi'ifhanies to
Cieorgiaand to Illinois, Iowa and MichiKan. June-
July. .V form of this species, or a related plant,
with petioles ).-' long or more, occurs in Missouri.
N,
Vol,. III.l
HONKYSrCKLn FAMIIvY.
231
JMaiii-
les to
luiie-
bl.iiit,
Louri.
6. Viburnum dentatum L.
I'ihitiiiinii dntlaliim I,. Sl>. I'l. 2(iS. 175,!.
A shrill) with slender k'"'"'">'s K'-'^V
branches, soinelinies re.ichin>i a hcij^hl
of 15°. Twi^sand petioles glal)roiis; pet-
ioles ,^"-12" long; leaves ovate, broadly
oval or orbicular, rounded or slijjhtly cor-
date at the base, acute or short-acunii-
nale at the apex, proniinetitly pinnatcly
veined, corrsely dentate all around, 1 '.'-
3' broad, jjlabrous on both sides, or some-
times pubescent with simple hairs in the
axils of the veins beneath; cymes lonj^-
pcduncled, 2'-},' broad; flowers all per-
fect; drupe globose-ovoid, about 3" in
diameter, blue, becoming nearly black;
stone rather deeply grooved on one side,
rounded on the other.
In moist soil, New liruiiswick to Ontario,
south along: the mouiilains to Ceorpia and to
wisttrn New York, Micliijr.iu.ind Minnesota.
Called also Mealy tree. JIay-June.
Arrow-wood. (Fig. 3439.)
7. Viburnum molle Michx. Soft-
leaved Arrow-wood. (Fig. 3440.)
I'ihin num violli' Miclix. I'l. lior. Am. i: i8o.
180,,.
Similar to the 'preceding species but the
twigs, petioles, rays of the cyme and lower
surfaces of the leaves more or less dcn.sely
stellate-pubescent; petioles short and stouter;
leaves usually larger, crenatc or dentate, com-
monly somewhat pubescent above; drupe glo-
bose-ovoid, blue, 4" in diameter, its stone
similar to that of V. dentatum.
IC.istcrn Massachusetts to Nlw Jersey, near
the coast, south to IHorida and Texas. Said to
bloom later than I', denlalum.
8. Virburnum Dernetrionis Deane
& Robinson. Detnetrio's Viburnum.
(Fig. 3441 •)
I'ihiirnuvi llemelrionis Deanc & F "''uson,
Hot. C.iiz. 22: 167. />/. S. iSy6.
A shrub about 12° high, the older twigs ash
gray, or at length grayish black and rough
with leiiticels, the bark exfoliating. Ihid-
scales acutish, ciliolate; leaves broadly ovate
or nearly orbicular, short-acuminate at the
apex, cordate or truncate at the base, 3'-5'
long, coarsely dentate, glabrous and bright
green above, soft-pubescent and paler be-
neath, some of the pubescence stellate; peti-
oles S'^-zo" long, channeled; stipules linear-
filiform, 2"-$" long; cymes terminal, pcdun-
cled, 4-7-rayed, glandular-pubcrulent; calyx-
teeth ciliatc; drupe oblong, obtuse at both
ends, about 5" long and 2,'-^" broad, much
flattened, with 2 grooves when dry.
ItlulTs, Henton Co., Missouri. Flowers not seen nor]described.
232 CArRIl'OLIACl'AIv.
9. Viburnum cassinoidet I<. Withe-rod.
[Vol,. III.
\l>palacliiaii Tea. ( l'"ig. 3442.)
I 'i/mriittm (ViAv/Hi)/(/c,t I,. Sp. I'l. IM.
liuu's rounded al the l>asc, acute
or lilunt-ai'uiuinatc at tlic apex,
i'-y loiik'. ni'tiorally i-riMuilate,
rarely entire, j^l.ihrous or very
nearly so on liolli sides; pedun-
cle shorter than or eiiuallinj; the
CMUC; drupe pink, beconiin;^ dark
blue, >;liil)(ise to ovoid, ,>" ,s" long;
stone rounil or oval, tlattened.
In swamps and wit sciil. Ni w
ronndlaiiil i'< M:iiiito1>a and Mintit-
snl.i. New Jirsry and llie nioniitains
of Ncrtli Carolina. June-July.
Viburnum
Withe-rod
nudum L. Larger
(I'iS- .>443-)
I'ibiirnuvi iit/dtnii I,. Sp. I'l. 2().s. I7,s,i.
Vlhiirinnn /iiii/iini var. cVui /u;//T. iS: (',. V\. \.
A. 2: i.(. is(i.
Similar to the preceding; species, but usu-
ally a larj^er shrub, sometimes 15° high.
Leaves oval, oval-lanceolate, or obovate, en-
tire or obscurely crenulate, mostly larger
(sometimes 9' long), narrowed at the base,
acute or obtuse at the ape.x, more promi-
nently veined, sometimes scurfy on the ujiper
surface; peduncle ecjualling or exceeding the
cyme.
In swamps. I,on)f Island (o I'lorida, wist to
Kentucky and Louisiana. lilounis a little later
than the precediiiK species.
II. Viburnum Lentago t,.
Nanny-berry. Sheep-berry. Sweet
Viburmun. (Fig. 3444.)
I'ibionuni I.cnlaf;« I.. Sp. PI. 268. 1753.
A shrub, or often a small tree, some-
times 30° high, and with a trunk di-
ameter of 10'. Winter buds acuminate,
bic foot. I'ruil sweet, edible. JIay.
broad; drupes oval, bluish-black with a
bloom, $"-6" long; stone very flat, circu-
lar or oval.
In rich soil, Hudson l!ay to Manitoba, south
to New Jersey, aloUK the AUeKlianies to Geor-
K:ia, and to Indiana and Missouri. Wood
orange-brown, hard; weinht 45 lbs. to the cu-
Fruit ripeju'Oetober. Called also Nanny-lnibh, Ulaek Thorn.
lS3.
poine-
ili-
Siiate,
in-ate,
kiuiite
Is on
lucent
I often
-12'
U'-.s'
lith a
fcircu-
pouth
r>for-
l^ood
|e cii-
llioru.
Vor,. III.] IIONI'YSrCKLI'; I'AMII.Y.
12. Viburnum prunifolium L. ]51ack H;uv. vStag-bush
I'ihiDiuiiii priiiiit\>liiim I,. Sp. I'l. 26.S. 1753.
A shrill) or small tree somewhat similar to
the prccciling species; hut the winter buds
snialliT, less acute, olleii rciUlisli-iuibescent.
Leaves shortcrpclioled, ovale or broadly
oval, obtuse or acutish but not acuminate at
the apex, narrowed or roundeil at the base,
l'-3'lonn, finely serrulate, ^I'lbrous or nearly
so; petioles rarely margined; cyme sessile,
several-rayed, 2' -4' br()a<l; dru])e oval, blu-
ish-black and glaucous, .("-.s" lonj^; stone
very flat on one side, slightly convex on the
other, oval.
In dry si)il, Conncctieiit In I'lurida, wi -t to
MicliiKati, Kansas and Texas. WcukI li:iid, ud-
disli brouii; Wfittlil prr cubir I'diil S-' His. Aptil-
Jinii-. I'ruilripi- in Sepuinlu r. swrct anil cdibU-.
Viburnum prunifolium globosum N',i-.|i, Hull. Turr.
Clul), 20: 70. I.S,;.
Drupe Kl'ibosc, about ,V >n (liainitet; cymes
snialK r; fli>wers expanding bcfdic llic leaves.
New Jersey and eastern reniisylvania.
.,/.
£A
13. Viburnum rufotomentosum vSmall.
Southern Black Haw. (Fig. 3446.)
I '1 hill II II III fiiiini folium var. /'iii iii^iiiiiiin T. vS:
('.. I'l. N. .\. 2: 15. ih.(i. Not I'./ei I Illinium
Kal'. iS_5S.
I'iliiii iiiiiii rii/(i/ii>ii/'ii/i>stim Small, Hull. Torr.
Club, 23: 410. iS(/i.
A small tree, becoming 20° liiKh. Leaves
elliptic to obovate, mostly obtuse at the apex,
finely and sharply serrate or serrulate, narrowed
or obtuse at the base, the veins brown-tonien-
tose beneath; petioles ,^"-,S" long, winged,
brown-tonientose; cymes large, sessile, or verj-
short-peduncled, the principal rays 3-5, mostly
"V v,w Iv V 'M V V\ \^'-— I orown-iomeuiose; cymes large, sessiic, or verj'
V. \ l\ f I i'/ >-J^^'n >■ short-peduncled, the principal rays 3-5, mostly
\ Alljr ' /| •'^'•y '" H flowers 3"-3,'." broad; drupe oval, 5'''-7"
kA \)f.M'V Y ' — "^''l' " long, blue with a bloom; seed nearly orbicular,
^'^'^a^ \l'''\^ >' \Vl^-*vi'*''/rf?i''wV<'''- '" wiiods and lliiekets, Virniiiia t<i Illinois,
....^^ \| ^VJ,V^\',;T«l?'',JTtlr;,, I'lotida and Teviis. Ascends l.> ,vs.»i fl. in \'ir-
^.'"''-- __^\| "^i^ I ] K, \ w/'' ■ '-"i' ginia. .\pril-May. I'mil ripe .Vut;. Sept.
'f F.
14.
Viburnum obovatum Walt.
Viburnum. (I'ig. 3447.)
vSmall
I'ihuniiiin ohovaliiiii Walt. I'M. Car. iiii. 17SS.
A shrnb, 2°-S° high, the twigs, petioles and
rays of the cyme slightly pubescent, or at length
glabrate. Leaves obovate, oblanceolate or spat-
ulate, obtuse or rctuse at the apex, - lort-peti-
oled, glabrous or very nearly so on both sides,
entire, or obscurely crenatc toward the apex,
small, yi'~\yi' long; cymes sessile, ^-.s-rayed,
i'-2' broad; drupe oval, black, 3"-4" long;
stoue lenticular, slightly furrowed on both sides.
Ill .swamps and along streams, Virginia (accord-
ing to Gray ) to Florida near the coast. .\pril-May.
334
CM'RIl'OIJACKAi;.
[V()I<. III.
3. TRIOSTEUM h. Sp. PI. 176. 175;,.
Perentiinl licrl)s, witli simple ItTfte stems aiul opposite coiiiiatc-perfoliate or sessile leaves
narrowed below the middle. I'lowers axillary, perfect, solitary or clustered, sessile, yellow-
ish, Kreen, or ])urplish, 2-l)racted. Calyx-luhe ovoid, its limb .s-lohed, the lohes eloiiKated,
persistent and soiiietiines foliaccous in our species. (JoroUatuhe narrow or campanulate,
gibbous at the has;-, the limb obliipie, uneipially lobed. Stamens 5. inserted on the corolla-
tube; fdaniciits very short; anthers linear, inclndeil. Ovary .v 5-celled; ovules i in each
cavity; style filiform; stijjnia 3-5 lobed. I)ru])e coriaceous, oranjjc or red, enclosinj; 2-3
(tarely .^-5) i-seeilcd nutlets. I'lndospcrni fleshy; embryo miiuiic. [Cireek, Ihree-boiic,
from the 3 bony nutlets.]
I'ivi- known species, tile fiiUowiiiKof easterti Nurtli .\nicrica, two Japanese, one Himalayan.
Leaves ovate or oval; llowers pini)lisii, I. T. ptifolialiim.
Leaves lanceolate or oval-lanceolate; flowers yellowish. 2. /". aiii;iislt/itliiim.
I. Triosteum perfoliatum L. IVver-wort. IIorse-Gentiaii. (Fig. 3448. )
7'i iii^lriiiii pofiiliiiliini I,. .Sp. IM. 176. 17,S,?.
Stem erect, stout, finely j^landular-pubes-
cent, or sometimes hirsute, 2°-4° hijjli.
Leaves ovate to broadly oval, 4'-9' loiijj, 2'-
4' wide, acute or acuminate at the ape.\, ab-
ruptly or gradually narrowed at the base,
sessile, or connate-perfoliate, soft-pubescent
beneath, somewhat hairy above, the niarj^iiis
entire or sinuate; bracts linear; corolla pur-
plish-brown, 6"- 10'' lonj,', viscid-pubescent,
about the length of thecalyxiobcs; fdaments
bearded; drupe 4"-6" long, obovoid-globose,
orange-red, densely and finely pubescent;
nutlets usually 3.
In rich soil, Ouebccand Onliiriolo Miiniesota,
soulli to .Maljania, Kenluckv and Kansas.
CalUd also I'Vver root. Wild or Wood Ipecac. Tin-
kers-weed, Wild ColTee, Horse ( "tin sen ir. While
,^i-, Ckiitian. .\scends3iiiKil'i, in Xiritinia. May July.
2. Triosteum angustifolium L.
Yellow or Narrow-leaved Horse-
Gentian. (Fig. 3449.)
T> iosleiini aiif^usli/olitini L. Sp. I'l.
>753-
Resembling the preceding species, but the
stem slender and hirsute-pubescent, i°-3°
hi . Leaves lanceolate or oval-lanceolate,
acute or acuminate at the apex, 3'-5' long,
yi'-xYz' wide, rough-pubescent, tapering to
the sessile base, or the lower smaller, obtuse
and spatulate; corolla yellowish, k"--" long;
flowers commonly solitary in the axils.
In rich soil. Connecticut and Long Island, to
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, .Mabama,
Illinois and Louisiana. May-.Aug.
4. LINNAEA L. Sp. PI. 631. 1753.
Creeping, somewhat woody herbs, with opposite evergreen petioled obovate or orbicular
leaves, and perfect pink or purplish flowers borne in pairs at the summit of elongated ter-
minal peduncles. Calyx-tube ovoid, the limb 5-lobed. Corolla tubular-campanulate, regu-
lar, 5-lobcd, the lobes imbricate. Stamens 4, in.serted near the base of the corolla-tube, didy-
namous, included. Ovary 3-celled, 2 of the cavities with several abortive ovules, the other
with I perfect pendulous ovule. I'ruit nearly globose, 3-celled, 2 of the cells empty, '.he
other with a single oblong seed. Kndosperm fleshy; embryo cylindric. [Named by Grouo-
viusfor Linn;uus, with whom the plant was a favorite.]
A nioaotypic genus of the north te nperate /.one.
Vor.. III.]
nONHVSUCKLK I'AMII.Y.
J
A.
//■
Irliicular
ktcd ter-
|e, rcgu-
le, (lidy-
le oilier
bly, Uie
iGroiio-
I, Linnaea bore^lis I.,. Twin-flower.
Ground-vine. (Kig. ,,450.)
l.itiiiaca hn rails I,. S|i. I'l. 6,v.
17,S,!-
Itraiiclit's slender, slinlilly pii'>escent, trailitiKi
6'-2° long. Petioles \"-i" long; leaves ob-
scurely creiiate, thick, ;,"-!()" wide, sometimes
wider than long; ))eduiicles slender, erect, 2-
hracted at the suniniit, z-llowered (or rarely
prolifcrously .i-llowered 1; pedicels fditorm, 3"-
10" long, 2-l)ractcolate at the summit; flowers
nodding, \"-W long, fragrant; ovary suhtended
hy a pair of ovate glandular scales which are
conni vent over the fruit or adnate to it.
Tn cnUl woods, mountains of Maryland, New Jcr-
sty, I.onn Island, north to Niwfoiinilland, wust
throujjli lirilish Anicri' a to .\laska and Vancouver,
south to .MirhiKan, in the Rocky Moiuitains to Colo-
rado and in tin- Siena Neva<la to California. Also
in norllicrn Ivuropc and .\sia. Junc-Auj;.
5. SYMPHORICARPOS Jus.s. Gen. 211. 1789.
Shrubs, with opposite deciduous short-petioled simple leaves, and small white or pink,
perfect (lowers, in axillary or terminal clusters. Calyx-tube nearly globular, the limb 4-5-
toothed. Corolla cam])anulate or salverform, regular, or sometimes gibbons at the base, 4-
5-lobed, glabrous or pilo.se in the throat; stamens 4 or 5, inserted on the corolla. Ovary
4celled, 2 of the cavities containing several abortive ovules, the other two each with a single
suspended ovule; style fdiforni; stigma capitate, or 2-lobed. l"rnit an ovoid or globose 4-
celled 2sceded berry. Seeds oblong; endosperm fleshy; embryo minute. [Greek, fruit
borne together, from the clustered berries.]
.\l)out 10 species, natives of North America and the mountains of Mexico. Known as ,St.
I'etcr's wort.
I'ruit white; style Rlabrous.
Stamens and style included; clusters usually few flowered.
IJrect shnd); leaves i'-2' Ioiir; clusters several-flowered. i.
Ditfuse shrub; leaves '•' i' Ioiik; clusters i 2-llowered. 2.
Stamens and style souiewliat exserted; clusters many llowered. ,v
I'ruitred; style bearded. \\.
S. rarcinouis.
S. paiiciJJorus.
S. occidfiilalis.
S. Symplioi icarpns.
I, Symphoricarpos racemosus Miclix.
Snowberry. (Fig. 3451.)
Svmf>liorirarf>os
Kl. Jior. Am. i:
raceiiiosiis Michx.
107. 1S1J3.
planted and sometimes escaped from cultivation.
Sept.
An erect shrub, °-4° high, gla-
brous or nearly so, the branches
slender. Petioles about 2" long;
leaves oval, obtuse at each end,
sometimes a little pubescent be-
neath, I '-2' long, entire, undulate,
or those of young shoots sometimes
dentate; axillary clusters few-flow-
ered, the terminal one mostly in-
terruptedly spicatc; corolla cam-
panulate, about 3" long, slightly
gibbous at the base, bearded with-
in; style glabrous; stamens and
style included; berry snow-white,
globose, loosely cellular, y-5"
in diameter.
In rocky places and on river shores.
Nova Scotia to British Coluuibia.south
o Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Minne-
sota and in California. Commonly
Called also Snowdrop-berry, U);g-plant. June-
lACJ'AH.
[Vol,. III.
2. Symphoricarpos pauci-
florus ( Kohliiiis) liriltiiii. I.i\v
Snowlicrry. (I'Ik- ,U52. )
Siiii/>/hi) inn />ii\ nicn>insii\ var. fiitiiti-
iliiins KiiMiiiis; .\, ('iriiy, 5Ian. ICd. 5.
Si »if>/ii'ii<(ii /'ii'i ft,iiici/lo> m liiilton,
Ml-iu. Tnir, Cliil>, 5; ;os. i^^t\.
A low sprfiiilitin tltlVuscly hritiicliud
slinil), 6'-i(]' liij;li. I.i-aves liroiully
oval to orl)irulate, eiilirt', softly pu-
l)fscciit, especially aloii).; the vi-iiiri,
lit'ueatli, 6" 12" loiijj; llowcrs 2"-3"
loiijj, solitary in the tippur axils and
2 or ;, ill tile terminal spike; corolla
oaiii])amilatc, ,s-lobeil, iK-anled within ;
stamens and j»lal)rous style included;
herry oval when yoiiii).;, becoiniiif;
globose, white, 2"-;," in iliaineter.
Ill roiky jilaci s, ( mtario and Wriinmt
towi'stirii New York and IN nii>-ylvaiiia.
wist to Si ■mil Dakota, liritisli Coluinbia.
south in tlu' Uoiky Mountains to Colo-
rado. June-July.
3. Symphoricarpos occidentalis
Hook. Wolf berry. (Fig. 3453.)
Hook. V\. lior.
Syt>if'liorii(iif>os occidfiilali.s
Am. i: 2S5. 1833.
Similar to .S". ramiiosiis but stouter,
■with larj^er leaves i'-,i' lonj;, more or less
pubescent beneath, entire, or often nndu-
late-crenate; petioles 2"-;," lon>,'; axil-
lary clusters spicatc, many-flowered, 6"-
12" lon^;; corolla campanulatc, ;/' long,
lobcd to beyond the mi<ldlc; stamens and
glabrous style somewhat cxsertcd; berry
nearly globular,white, ^"-5" in diameter.
Michigan and Mitincsota to liritish Colum-
bia, Kansas and Colorado. Juni-July.
t^i)
1794-
Fl. lior.
MacM.
4. Symphoricarpos Symphori-
carpos (Iv.)MacM. Coral-berry. In-
dian Currant. (Fig. 3454.)
I.oniceta Symphoricarpos I,. Sp. PI. 17,5.
"75.V
5. orhiiutala Mocncli, Metli. 503.
Symphoricarpos ■<'iil};arts Slichx.
Am, 1: K16. 1S03.
Symplioricarpos Symphoricarpos
' Hull. Torn Club, 19: 15. 1892.
A shrub, 2°-$° high, the branches erect
or ascending, purplish, usually pubescent.
Petioles 1 "-2" long; leaves oval or ovate,
entire or undulate, mostly obtuse at each
end, glabrous or nearly so above, usually
soft-pubescent beneath, i'-i|^' long; clus-
ters dense, inany-flowered, at length spi-
cate, shorter than the leaves; corolla
campanulate, sparingly pubescent within,
pinkish, about 2" long; style bearded; sta-
mens included; berry purplish red, ovoid-globose, i|4'"-2" long.
.\long rivers and in rooky places, banks of the Delaware in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, west
to western New York and Dakota, and south to Georgia and Texas. Also sparingly escaped from
cultivation farther east. Fruit persistent after the leaves have fallen. July.
Vol.. III.]
'\. lior.
SlacM.
hs erect
Icscent.
• ovate,
kt each
jiisually
chis-
Jtb spi-
IcoroUa
vithin,
ed ; sta-
Sa, west
bd from
HONIvYSrCKI,!-: rAMII.Y.
6. LONl'CERA L. Sp. PI. 173. 175;,.
237
ICrect or clitiibiiiK shrubs, with opposite mostly entire leaves; flowers spiratc, capitate
or neiiiiiiatc, usually soinewhat irregular. Calyx-tube ovoid or ui'arly ^;Iobular, the limb
sliiilitly s-toothed. Corolla tubular, funnelform, or cainpatiulute, often j^ibbous at the base,
the limb globed, inorc or less obli(iue, or J lipped. Stamens 5, inserted on the tube of tlie
corolla; anthers linear or obloiifj. (Jvary .'-^celled; ovules numerous in each cavity, pen-
dulous; style slender; stigma capitate. Rerry fleshy, 2-,^-celled or rarely l-celled, fe'"-
seeded. Seeds ovoid or oblonj; with lleshy endosperm and a terete embryo. [Named for
Adam I.otiit/.er, l52S-i5Sr), a Cernuin botanist.]
About icH) spii'iis, natives of the north temperate /one, a few in trnpic.il reyions, besides the
following', some >S dlhi rs dcciii in the western parts (il Ninth .\mcriea.
:!- Chnibing or trailing vineii; flowers in heads, or interrupted spilces; upper leaves connate-perfoliate.
Ciircilla -'lipped, the upper lip 4 lobed, the lower entire.
Corcilla (flibidus within. 1. f.. Ciif>>i/i>liii»i .
Ciitiilla puheseent witliin.
Leaves |iiil)esei lit, .It least beneath; eiirnlla yellow.
I.erves pubeseiiit iiii both sides, at least when youiip, eiliate; corolla sli(;htly Ribbous
at base. j. A. Iiii^iilti.
Leaves ulabrous above, pubescent beneath; corolla tube strongly jjilibdus at the liase,
.(. A. i;liiinfsit'ns.
Leaves glabrous on both sides, very glaucuus beni ath.
Corolla jjreeliish yellow, the tube sciinewhal niblious.
Corolla tube i," ,s" hmv.'; filaments hirsute at the base. \. I., ilioica.
Corolla tilbi ,s" 7" lonn; lilameiits nearly Klabrous 5. I.. Siillii'anlii.
Corolla bright y< How or oraiitre, its slender lube not Kiblious, o. /,. fl,t:t].
Coidlla tubular, the short limb nearly e<iu;illy 5-lolii.d, 7, A. s: iii/irrtin'it.s.
'X- -!-'- Climbing vines; flowers in pairs on short axillary peduncles.
S. A. laf'Kiiiia.
■','.■ ■',! -X- Shrubs; flowers in pairs on axillary bracted peduncles.
braets (if the peduncle subulate, linear, minute, or none.
Leaves r.irely eiirdate. mure or less pubeseent. or eiliate.
Leaves pale, or Klaucoiis, thiek. stroajfly reticulate veined,
reduncles shorter than the Mowers; fruit blue; leaves eili.ate.
IVduneles eiiualliuK the (liiwirs; fruit red; leaves not eiliate.
Leaves briRlit Kieen, thin, ciliati, not strongly reticulate; fruit reil.
Leaves jiale, densely pubeseent beneath, even when old.
Leaves eordati;, glabrous,
bracts of the peduncle broad, foliaccous.
9. A. Citii ii/ra.
III. A. ohlmii^i/i'lia.
II. /,. ( ilidla.
1 1. I.. XvUnleum.
i,V /.. Talaiica.
14. /.. inioliicrala.
1. Lonicera Caprifolium L. Italian, or Perfoli,ite Honeysuckle. (Fig. ,^455.)
].. Cafi) ifolium L. Sp. PL I7,v I7S,V
Lonicna t;iata .Ait. Hort. Kew. i:
2,V. 1789.
Ciipi i/nliiim i^'ia/tim Pursh, IM. Am,
Sept, 161. '1814.
Climbing high, jilabrous and some-
what glaucous. Upper one to three
pairs of leaves connhle-perfoliate,
glaucous beneath, the others sessile
or short-petiolcd, oval or obovate,
all rounded at the base, entire;
flowers in terminal capitate sessile
clusters; corolla glabrous within,
I '-1/4' long, purple without, the
limb white within, strongly 2-
lipped; upper lip 4-lobed, the lower
one narrow, reflexed; tube slightly
curved, not gibbous; stamens and
style much cxserted; berries red.
Thickets, southern New York, New
Jersey and Pennsylvania to Michigan
and in the southern States. Escaped
from ■■•vation and naturalized. Na-
tive 1 irope. Called also American,
or Ft ^ .nt Woodbine. May-June.
I
838
CArRIl'OI.IACI'Ai:.
[V.ii,. III.
cera hirsuta liatoii.
Hairy IIoiicysiKklc. (l''i>;. 345f>. )
/. hiisiitii i;alnti, Mall. VA. j, jc.;. imS.
Twilling, llu- liriimiu's liirsuti'-piilics-
cent. rp]iiT (iiic <ir two pairs ol ItJives
comiali'-pcrfiiliati', Ihi; otlicrs oval or
ovati.', sliort-pi'tiolnl or sfH^ilc, sollly pu-
l)csi'ciit liciRMlli. ilaik nrrcii aliil apprcss-
cd pnl)esi-etil aliovf, cilialf, ulilusf or
olitiisisli at llii'apcx, roiimli'd or iiarrowcil
at llic li.isi-, 3' },'<' loiin; llowiTS vi-r-
ticillatc ill short tcriniiial iiilcniipti-il
spikes; comlla piiUi'src-iit within, almnt
1' \onii, viscicl-piihfscont witlioul, oraiine-
\clh)\v, the tiihc slfiKhr. sotiii'wlial v;ih-
hous at tho hase. tlif limb slroiinly 2-lip-
jii'd, alioulas hm;; as Ihf tiilic; stamens ainl
style exscrti'd. lil.iiiifuts hirstiti- hidow.
Ill wiKidlaiiiN, \'riiM(i|it and lliitaiio to
Matiitoha, rtiiiisvlvaiiia. ( ihiciatid Mii liii;an.
Called alsn Kimuli Wiindbiiu-. June July.
3. Lonicera glaucescens Rydl).
Doii).;la.s' Iloiieystickle. (ViK- M57-)
/.(iiiiii/ii /'.'Hi,'/(;v// lIcKik. I'M. I!i>r. Ani. I: jSj.
|8,^!. Si>li\i/ti i/,i/iiiin/),iiij^lii\ii l.uu\. iSjo.
Lonuent glautencnis Rydb. Hull. Torr. Club,
Similar to the ])reecdin}» species, the
branches glabrous. Leaves glabrous above,
pubescent, at least on the veins, beneath,
iyi'-2' long, cliartaceons-niargined, not cil-
iatc, usually only the upper pair connate-
perfoliate; flowers verticillate in a short
terminal interrupted spike; corolla yellow,
changing to reddish, pubescent or puberu-
lent without, pubescent within, 1' long, or
less, the tube rather strongly gibbous at
the base, the 2- lipped limb shorter than the
tube; stamens nearly glabrous, or somewhat
puljcscent; style hirsute; both exserted.
Ontario to Saskatchewan, Penn.sylvania,
Ohio and Nebraska. May-June.
tains to
leaves o
North Carolina, and to Ohio and Michigan
f young shoots are sometimes connate-perfoliate
4. Lonicera didica I,. Smooth-
^ leaved or Glaucous Honeysuckle.
(Fig. 3458.)
Lonicera dioica I,. Syst. l''d. 12, 165. \~(^~.
/.. glauca Hill, Ilort. Kew. 446. />/. iS. 1769.
I., parviflora I,am. Ivncycl. i: 72S. i7S,v
Glabrons throughout, twining or shrub-
by, 3°-io° long. Leaves very glaucous
Ijcncath, lYi'-},' long, the upper connate-
perfoliate, oval, obtuse, the lower sessile
or short-petioled, narrower; flowers sev-
eral ill a terminal cluster, yellowish green
and tinged with purple, glabrous without,
pubescent within, the tube :s"-V lo"K,
gibbous at the base, scarcely longer than
the 2-lipped limb; stamens hirsute telow,
exserted with the style; berries red, 3"-
4" in diameter.
In rocky and usually dry situations, Quebec
to Manitoba, south, especially alongthemoun-
Ascends to 3,500 ft. in North Carolina. All the
Small Vellow Honeysuckle. May-June.
Vol.. HI.]
HONKYSl'CK I, i; I'A M I I<V.
»39
5. Loniccra Sullivantii A. dray.
SulUvaiit's IIoiK'ysuckle.
(I'lK- 3459.)
botli-
de.
1767.
1 1769.
r.v
lirub-
Icous
Biate-
Issile
I sev-
Ireen
liout,
loug,
Ithan
|lo\v,
I"-
lebec
loun-
II tlie
lune.
l.oiiicein SulUiiinlii A.
AiMcl. 19: 76. lH.Sj.
Ciniy, rriic. Atiiir.
Simitar to tlie pri'cc'iliiijj species, vt-ry
(glaucous. I.i'iivcs oval or oliovato, ulau-
coiis and cotniiioiily i)iiliisi'i-iit liciiiMtli,
ol)tusf; llowtTS larger tliaii Ihosu of lliu
pri.'i'»'iliin{ species, the tul>e S"-"" loiij{,
slij,'Iilly exceeilillK tlie liilll), pale jellow ;
stamens usually nearly j;lal)rous; fruit
yellow, 3" in diameter.
Ill wiMidlands, Tiiimssi'e, Ohio and west-
ern (iiitario I '; to Wisconsin ami M.inituliu.
May June.
6.
■W h
Lonicera fl^va Sims. Yellow Iloiiey-
.stickle. ( \'\s^. 3460. )
/.I'lii'teni r/ii:ii S\m^. I!ot. Mat;. />/. 'i'^- if^u>.
Twining to a lieJglit of several feet, or trailing,
glabrous. Leaves broadly oval, or cllipti( , entire,
obtuse at the apex, narroweil or rounded at the
base, short-petioled, or the upper sessile, ^ree'.i
above, j^laucons beneath, the pairs siibteiulin)^ (low-
ers coiinatc-perfoliate; (lowers bright orange-yel-
low, fragrant, in a terminal interrupted spike;
corolla I'-i^'j' long, the slender tube puliesceiil
above within, not gibbous at the bise, the linil'
strongly 2 lipped, about half as lon^; as li:- tu.':,
filaments and style glabrous, cxserted; fruit ahu,;t
3" in diameter.
North Carolina to Kentucky, Ocorgia and .MaUania.
April May.
7. Lonicera sempervirens L.
Trumpet or Coral Hotiey.suckle.
(Fig. 3461.)
/.onicera sentfirn'hriis T.. Up. PI. 173. 1753.
Glabrous, high climbing, evergreen in the
South. Leaves oval, obtuse, a'-,^' Iohk, or the
lower ones smaller, narrower and acutish, the up-
per pairs connate-perfoliolale, all conspicuously
glaucous and sometimes slightly pubescent be-
neath, dark green above; flowers verticillate iu
terminal interrupted spikes; corolla scarlet or
yellow, I'-il'i' long, j,'labrou9, the tube narrow,
slightly expanded above, the limb short and
nearly regular; stamens and style scarcely ex-
serted; berries scarlet, about 3" in diameter.
In low grrounds, or on hillsides, Connecticut to
Florida, west to Nebraska and Texas. April-Sept.
240
CAPRIFOIJACRAi;.
[VoK. III.
8. Lonicera Japonica Thiinl).
Japanese or Chinese Honeysuckle.
(FiK- :,4^'2- )
J.itiiitrra Jafioiiiia Tluitili. I'l. Jaj) S.i. 17:^1.
I'lihesceiit, cliiiiliiiif^ liinli or trailiiij;.
Leaves all sliort-putiolcil, ovate, entire, i '-
'1' loiij;, acute at the apex, roiitided at the
base, (lark green and },'Iat)rous above, pale
and usiially sparingly pubescent beneath;
flowers in pairs from the upper axils, pe-
duticlcd, leafy-bracteil at the base, white or
])ilik, fading to yellow, jmbesi'ent without,
the tube nearly 1' long, longer than the
strongly 2-lippcd limb; stamens and style
cxscrtcd; berries black,;, "-4" in diameter.
I'reely t-scaped frnin cultivatinn, smitlurn
Niw York ami I'l iiiisy!vaiiia tn NdUli Caro-
biia and Wl-sI \'iri;iiii... .Natiirali/nl from
caslLMU A>ia. Junt -.\UK.
9. Lonicera coerulea L. IJhie or
Mountain Fly-lioneysnekle.
(Fig. 3463.)
Lo)ii,iia coerulea I,. .Sp. I'l. 174. 175.1.
l:rcct, shrubby, i"-,;° high, the twigs some-
times slightly pubescent. I<eaves oval or
obovatc, \''\)2 long, very obtuse at the
apex, rounded or narrowed at the base, thick,
conspicuously reticulate veined, pale .lud
more or less pubescent beneath, glabrous
above, at least when mature, ciliate on the
margins; flowers in pairs in the axils, short-
pediincled, subulatc-bracted, yellow, 6"-S"
long, corolla pubescent, or glabrate, the tube
gibbous at the base, the liml) nearly regular,
its lobes oblong, equalling or slightly" exceed-
ing the tube; ovaries of the two flowers be-
coming united and forming an obloiig or
nearly globose, bluish-black 2-eyed berry,
about 2]z" in diameter.
In low grounds. NVwI'oundlaiul to .Maska, south to Rhode Island, rcnnsylvatii.i, Wisconsin and
California. .-Mso in IJurope and .Vsia. June.
10. Lonicera oblongifdlia
(Goldie) Hook. Swamp F'ly-
Honey suckle. (F'ig. 3464. i
.XvlKslciim «hli<iif;i/,>liii»i (■■oldie. ICdinb.
riiil. Journ. 6: ,52^ IS:?2.
/.("iiiriii ohIoiiQi/iilia Hook. l"l. Hor.
.\in. I: 28.J. />/. nw. \^i},.
Similar to the preceding species.
Leaves oval-oblong, l'-2' long, rcticii-
late-veined, glabrous or nearly so on
both sides when mature, downy-pu-
bescent when young, not ciliate; flow-
ers in pairs on long slender peduncles;
corolla yellow, or purplish within, S"-
y" long, gibbous at the base, deeply
3-lipped; bracts at the sunnnit of the
peduncle minute or none; ovaries re-
maining distinct, or bcconiing more or
less united, the berries red or crimson.
In swamps, yuebcc to Manitoba, south
to Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania and
Michigan, May-June.
Vol,. III.]
HONRVSrCKM' FAMILY.
241
F
f
^64. )
, icaiiib.
I'M. Uor.
I species.
i, rclicu-
lly SO on
Iwny-pu-
tte; flow-
jdunclcs;
Ihin, S"
ilceply
Lit of Ihc
hiries rc-
inore or
Icriinson.
Iba. south
Iraiiiii ami
Lonicera ciliata Muhl. American Fly Honeysuckle.
V 1. 1 75,v Not
1M.5.
Shrubby, 3"-5° hi};h, tlic t"iKS glabrous.
II.
I 'a cri II ill III nlhiim I„ Sp. IM.
A. alba I,.
I.oniceia ciliala Muhl. Cat. j',.
(HiR. 34f'5-)
I'ctioles 2"~y lon}5, very slender; leaves
thin, bri^^lit .tjrcen on both sides, ovate or
sonictiines oval, acute or acutisli at the apex,
rounded or cordate at the base, villous-pu-
bescent beneath when youuj;, glabrous or
nearly so when mature, but the margins
strongly ciliate; (lowers in pairs from the
axils, about S" long; peduncles long-filiform;
bracts very small, subulate; corolla-limb
nearly regular, its lobes sliort; berries sepa-
rate, ovoid, liglit red, about ;," in diameter.
In niciisl woixls, Nova Scotia and New Ilruns-
wick to Manitoba, south to Connecticut, riiin
sylvaiiia and .MicliiRau. .Vsccud'* to Jixw ft. in
the Citskills. Miiy.
13. Lonicera Tatarica L.
Tartarian Hnsh-IIoneysuckle.
(I'ig. 346 7.)
l.oiiicvia I'ataiica I,. Sp. I'l. 17,1. I7,s.5.
A glabrous shrub, .s'-to" high. Leaves
ovale, rather thin, not conspicuously rclic-
idate-veiued, I'-j' long, acute or obtusish at
the apex, cordate at the base, not ciliate;
\ tlowers in pairs on .slender axillary pedun-
cles; corolla pink to white, ""-S" long.the
lube gibbous at the base, the limb irregu-
larly and deeply 5-lobed, somewhat 2-lipped;
peduncles \' long; bracts linear, sometimes
as long as the corolla-tube; stamens and style
scarcely exserted; berries separate, red.
ICscapid fr<Mn cultivation, Ontario and Ver-
mont to southern New York, Now Jersey and
Kentucky. May. Native of Asia.
12. Lonicera Xylosteum L. Tly
Honeysuckle. ( I""i^. 3466.)
/."iiiceia .\y/(><:/iiiiii I,. Sp. I'!. 174. 175.;
.\ shrub, 3^-7"" high, the foliage densely ap-
pressed-pubescent when young. Leaves ovate,
oval, or obovatc, entire, short-petiolcd, rather
pale green, obtuse, or the up])er acute at the
apex, obtuse, subcordate or narrowed at the
base, glabrous above when mature persistently
pubescent beneath, i '-3' long; j>ctioles 2"-4"
long; peduncles axillary, .^flowered, 4"-S"
long, about as long as the flowers, or longer;
flowers yellowish white; bracts linear-subulate;
berries scarlet.
ICsc.ipid fro-u iiiltivaliou in New York. Na-
tive of ICiiiopi iiiul .\sia. May June.
242
CAl'RIFOLIACEAE.
14. Lonicera involucrata (Richards.) Banks.
(Fig. 3+6S.)
[Vol,. III.
Iiivolucred Fly- Honeysuckle.
Xvlosleuin inz'oliicialuin Richards. . Vpp. Vraiik.
Jourii. ICd. 2, 6. 1S23.
I.iiiiuera involticrala Hanks; Kich.irils. !oc. cil.
J 823.
A j^labrale or pubescent shrub, 3°-lo° hij;li.
Leaves sbort-petioled, ovate, oval, or obovate,
2'-6' long, acute or acutiiinale at the apex,
narrowed or rounded at the base, more or less
pubescent, at least when young; peduncles
axillary, l'-2'long, 2-3-flowered; bracts folia-
ceous, ovate or oval, often cordate; bractlcts
also large, at length surrounding the fruit;
flowers yellow; corolla pubescent, funnel-
form, the limb nearly etjually 5-lobed; lobes
short, little spreading; stamens and style
slightly cxsertcd; berries separate, globose, or
oval, nearly black, about 4" in diameter.
In woodlands, Ouebcc to western Ontario and
5Iicliij;an, wist to Urilish Columbia and Alaska,
south to Arizona, Utah and California. June-
July.
7. DIERVILLA Moench, Metli. 492. 1794.
Shrubs, with opposite leaves, and yellow axillary and terminal cyniose or solitary flow-
ers. Calyx-tube slender, elongated, narrowed below, the limb with 5 linear persistent lobes.
Corolla narrowly funuelt'orni, the tube slightly gibbous at the base, the limb nearly regular,
5-lobcd. Stamens 5, inserted on the corolla; anthers linear. Ovary 2-eclled; ovules numer-
ous in each cavity; style 61iform; stigma capitate. Fruit a liuear-obloiig capsule, narrowed
or beaked at the sunmiit, scpticidally 2-valved, many-seeded. Seed coat minutely reticu-
lated; enilosperm fleshy; embryo minute. [Named for Dr. Dicrville, who brought the plant
to Tournefort.]
Two si)ccics, till- foUowiuK and oni' in the mountains of the southern .States. The Japanese and
Chinese //V/;'('/iJj, often referred to this giMUis, are here regarded as distinct.
I. Diervilla Diervilla (I,.) MacM.
Bii.sh Honeysuckle. (Fig. 3469.)
f.oitici'ra Pic'i:ilhi I.. Sp. I'l. 175. 1753.
Dieirilla liii'ida Mnuncli, Meth. .(92. 1701.
n. Oiciz'illa MacM., Hull. Torn Club, 19: 15. 1802.
\ shrub, 2°-.p' high, glabrous or nearly so
throughout, with terete branches. Leaves
short-petioled, ovate or oval, acuminate at the
apex, usually rounded at the base, 2'-$' long,
irregularly crenulate and often slightly ciliate
on the margins; peduncles terminal, or in the
upper axils, slender, 1-5-flowered; flowers about
9" long; corolla more or less pubescent both
without and within, regular or slightly irregu-
lar, 3 of its lobes somewhat united; capsule gla-
brous, linear-oblong, slender, beaked, crowned
with the persistent calyx-lobes.
In drj- or rocky woodhinils. Xewfouiidland to tlie
Northwest Territory, south to North Carolina and
Michigan. Called also Gravel weed. May-June.
Family 36. ADOXACEAE Frilscli; Iviigl. & Prantl, Nat. Pfl. Fain. 4:
Al)t. 4, 170. 1891.
MosciiATKi, Family.
Gla1)rous slender herbs, with scaly or tuberiferous rootstocks, basal and op-
posite ternately conipotnul leaves, and small green flowers in terminal capitate
clusters. Cah'x-tube hemispheric, atlnate to the ovary, its limb 2-3-toothed.
Corolla rotate, regular, 4-6-lobed. Stamens twice as many as the lobes of the
corolla, inserted in pairs on its tube; fdaments short; anthers peltate, i-celled.
Ovary 3-5-celled; style 3-5-parted; ovules i in each cavity, pendulous. Fruit
a small drupe with 3-5-nutlets. Ivndo.sperm cartilaginous.
The family contains only the foUowiiiK nionotypic genus of the north temperate zone.
Vol.. in.]
MOSCIIATKIv FAMILY.
243
• !ind
i
1. ADOXA L. Sp. PI. 367. 1753.
Characters of the family. [Greek, without glory, /. <•., iusigtiificaiit.]
I. Adoxa Moschatellina L. Miisk-
root. Hollow-root. Moschatel.
(Fig. 3470.)
Ai/oxa Jfosilialellina I,. S)). IM. 367. 175,?.
Stems simple, weak, erect, 3'-6' high,
bearing a pair of opposite teriiaie leaves usu-
ally above the middle. Rasal leaves 1-4,
long-petioled, teriiately compound, the seg-
ments broadly ovate or orbicular, obtuse,
thin, 3-cleft or 3-parted, the lobes obtuse and
mucronulate; head 3,''-^" in diameter, com-
posed of 3-6 flowers; corolla of the terminal
flower 4-5 lobed, those of the others usually
5-6-lobcd, drupe green, bearing the persist-
ent calyx-lobes above the middle.
In shaded rocky places, Arctic .Vnicrica,
south to Iowa and Wisconsin and in the Rocky
Mountains to Colorado. .Mso in northern ICu-
rope and Asia. Other IviikHsIi nanus are Hnl-
bous l''uniit(iry, Glory-less, Musk Crowfoot or
Wood Crowfoot. Odor nuisky. May.
Family t,-;. VALERIANACEAE Batscli, Tabl. All 227. 1802.
Vai.i;ki.\n I'amii.v.
Hcrh.s witli opposite leaves, no stipules, and usually sin;iU perfect or poly-
gatno-dioecious flowers, in coryinbed panicled or capitate cymes. Calyx-tuhe
adnate to the ovary, its limb inconspicuous or none in flower, often becoming
liromiiient in fruit. Corolla gamopetalou.s, epigynous, somewhat irregular, its
tulje narrowed, and .sometimes gibbous or spurred at the l)ase, its limb s])rcad-
ing, mostly 5-lol)ed. Stamens 1-4, inserted on the corolla and alternate with its
lol)es, usuallj' exserted. Ovary inferior, i-,^-celled, one of the cavities contain-
ing a single anatropons ovide, the others empty. Fruit indehiscent, drj', con-
taining a single suspended .seed. Kndo.sperm little or none; embryo straight;
cotyledons oblong.
AboutqKeneraand 275 species of wide distribntion, most ahun<laiu in the tu. them hetni sphere.
Vrnit I celled; persistent calyx-lobes l)eenniin(f awn-like; tall herbs. 1. I'alfi iiimi.
Fruit , (Celled; calyx-lobes niiiuite or none; low heibs. 2. I'lilei iaiiitla.
bn. 4:
Ind op-
lipitate
lothed.
lof the
celled.
Fruit
I. VALERIANA h. Sp. PI. 31. 1753.
Perennial strong-sincUing mostly tall herbs, the leaves mainly basal ainl the cymose
flowers paniculate in our species. Calyx-limb of 5-15 bristle-like plumose teeth, short and
inrolled in flower, but elongated, rolled outwanl and conspicuous in fruit. Corolla funnel-
form or tubular, usually more or less gibbous at the base, the limb nearly e(iually ,s-lobcd.
Stamens commonly 3. Style entire, or minutely 2-3-lobeil at the summit. Fruit com-
pressed, I -celled, I -nerved on the back, 3-nerved on the front. [Name Middle Latin, from
vali'ir, to be strong.]
About I7,s species, mostly in the temperate and colder parts of the north temperate zone and
"" ■ ■ ■ )ecur in southern and western North
the Andes of SoiUli .\merica.
.\nieriea
Hi sides the followinif, 5 others
Corolla-tube very sleniler, u" 10" long; basal leaves cordate. i.
Corolla tube 1 "-3" Iour; basal leaves not cordate.
Leaves tliick, |)araiicl veined, entire, or the seKinents not dentate. 2.
Leaves thin, relienlale-veined, the segments deiUate.
Lower leaves spatul.ite, often entire; plant Rlabrous. 3.
All the leaves pinnalely divided; plant pubescent, especially » the nodes. 4.
/'. pane (flora.
r. ediili.t.
f. syi'valira.
y. i<lficinalis.
244
VALl'RIANACHAK.
[Vol.. III.
Valeriana pauciflora Miclix.
m,
Large- flowered \'alerian. (Fig. 3471.)
r. />a II (■(/!(! laTilichx. V\. Dor. Am. i: iS. i8o,v
Rootstocks slciuler, usually hori/.ontal.
Stem glabrous, erect or ascending, i°-3°
- liigli, often sending out runners from the
base; leaves thin, the basal ones slender-
petioled, simple, or sometimes with a pair
of small leaflets on the petiole, broadly
ovate, cordate, acute at the apex, the mar-
gins creiiate or dentate; stem leaves pin-
nately 3-7-divided, the terminal segment
larger than the others; cymes terminal,
clustered; flowers few or numerous; co-
rolla pink, its tube very slender, 6"-io"
long; bracts linear; fruit obloug or oblong-
lanceolate, about 3" long, glabrous or
pubernlent; bristles of the calyx at length
elongated and plumose.
In moist soil. I'oniisylvatiia to West Vir-
ginia, Illinois, Kentucky and Missouri. Call-
ed also .\mcricanWild Valerian. May June.
2. Valeriana edulis Xutt. Ivdihle
Valerian. Tobacco-root. (Fig. 3472.)
y. edulis NuU. in T. & (i. Fl. N. A. 2: 48. 1841.
Erect, i°-4° high, from a deep fusiform car-
rot-shaped root. Stem glabrous, or nearly
so, the young leavc3 commonly more or
less pubescent and the older ones finely cil-
iate, sometimes glabrous; basal leaves spat-
iilate or oblanceolatc, thick, 3'- 12' long,
2"-io" wide, obtuse at the apex, narrowed
into a margined petiole, parallel-veined, en-
lire or with a few obtuse entire lobes; stem
leaves few, sessile, pinnately-parted into
linear or lanceolate segments; flowers yel-
lowish-white, small {2") polj-gamo-dioe-
cious, paniculate, the inflorescence at length
widely branching; bracts lanceolate, short;
fruit narrowly ovate, glabrous or nearly so,
2" long, at length exceeded by the plumose calyx-teeth.
Ill wet open places, Ontario to liritisli Columbia, south to Ohio, Wisconsin,
tains to Arizona and Xcw Mexico. Called also Oregon Tobacco: the root cooked for food.
3. Valeriana sylvatica Baiik.s. Wood or Swamp Valerian. (Fig
Mi?&
uid in the Rocky Mount-
llay-Aus:.
3473-)
I'aleiiana svlfa/ica Banks; Richards. App.
Frank. Journ. I'M. 2, 2. 1823.
Valeriana ilioica I'ursli, Fl. Am. Sejit, 727.
1S14. Not I,. 17,^3.
Erect, glabrous or very nearly so through-
out, 8'-2>i° high. Rootstocks creeping or
ascending; basal leaves thin, petioled, oblong
or spatulate, obtuse, entire, or with a few-
obtuse lobes, reticulate-veined, a'-io' long,
3"-iS" wide; stem leaves 2-4 pairs, petioled,
pinnately parted into 3-13 ovate to lanceo-
late, dentate or rarely entire, acute or obtuse
segments; inflorescence cymosepaniculate,
at length loosely branched; flowers pink or
iiearly white, 3"-4" long; bracts linear-lau-
ceolate; fruit ovate, glabrous, lyi" loug.
In wet soil, Newfoundland to liritisli Colum-
bia, south to Vermont, Ne* .York, Ontario,
Michigan and in the Rocky Jlountains to New
Mexico and Arizona. Also in northeastern Asia,
Called also American Wild Valerian. May-Augr.
.
Vol.. III.]
V.M.KRI.VN F.\MILY.
4. Valeriana officinalis I,.
Garden or Great Wild \'alerian.
Vandal-root. (Fig. .3474.)
Valeriana (ifficinalis I<. S]). I'l. ,ji. 17s.}.
Erect, 2°-5° hij<b, more or less piibes-
cent, especially at the nodes. Leaves
all piiiuatcly parted into 7-25 thin
reticulate-veined lanceolate acute or
acuminate se^nents, sharply dentate,
or those of the upper leaves entire, usu-
ally with some scattered hairs beneath;
flowers pink or nearly white, about 2"
lonjj; inflorescence of several rather
compact corymbed cymes; liracts linear-
lanceolate, rather large; fruit glabrous,
ovate, about I,' 2" long.
ICscaped from frardctis to roadsides in
New York and Now Jersey. Native of lui-
rope and .Asia. Old names Cats' \'aleriiin,
Setwell, Cut-heal, .\ll-heal. June-.-\uK.
2. VALERIANELLA Poll. Hist. PI. Palat. i: 29. 1776.
Annual dichotomously branched herbs, the basal leave- tufted, entire, those of the stem
sessile, often dentate, the flowers in terminal, compact or capitate, in our species corymbed
or panicled cymes. Corolla small, white, blue, or pink, nearly regular. Caly.\-limb short
or obsolete in flower, in fruit various, not divided into filiform plumose segments, often none.
Corolla-tube narrowed at the base, the limb spreading, 5-lobed. Stamens 3; style minutely
3-lobcd at the summit. Fruit ^-celled, 2 of the cells empty, and in our species about as large
as the fertile one. [Name a diminutive of Valerian.]
.■\hout 50 species, natives of the northern hemisphere, most abundant in the Mediterranean
region. liesides the followinff, S otlicrs occur in the western parts of North America.
Corolla funnelform, the short tube not longer than the limb or about eiiualling it.
Fruit flattened, twice as broad as tliick.
I'ruit triangular-pyramidal.
Kruit oblong-tetragoniil or ovoid-tetragonal, grooved.
Groove of the fruit broad and shallow.
Groove of the fruit narrow.
Fruit globose or saucer-shaped.
Corolla salverform. the slender tube nuich longer than the limli.
I '. Lociisla.
2. V. chenopodifoUa.
3. X'. radiala.
4. J', sicuocaipa.
5. /'. ll'oddsiana.
6. V. loiigijlora.
ount-
•Aug.
'3-)
App.
727-
ough-
ng or
blong
few-
long,
ioled,
mceo-
)btuse
ulate,
nk or
ir-lau-
g-
:oluin-
iitario,
I New
|i Asia.
-Augr-
Valerianella Locusta (L,.) Bettke. Kiiropean Corn Salad. (Fig. 3475.)
rii/m'aiia l.ocKsta and var. oliloria I,.
.Sp. ri. ,v,. 1753.
; 'alfi iiuiella oliloria Poll. Hist. PI. Palat.
l: ;,o. 177<''-
I'alf/ iaiit'iiu /.ociisla llcttke. Anini.Val.
10. 1S26.
Glabrous, or pubescent at the
nodes, 6'-l2' high, usually branched
from the base and repeatedly forked.
Basal leaves spatulate or oblanceolate,
rounded and obtuse at the apex, J%'~
2' long, 3"-5" wide, entire; upper
stem leaves oblong-lanceolate, usually
dentate; peduncles short; cymes y-
6" broad, almost capitate; bracts lin-
ear or linear-oblong; corolla blue,
about 1" long; fruit flattened, rounded
on the edges, i" long, glabrous, twice
as broad as thick, depressed-orbicular
in outline, the two empty cavities
smaller than the fertile one, which has
a corky mass at its back.
In waste places, New York. New Jersey, and Peinisylvania to Virginia and Louisiana. Natur.ilized
from Furo|)e. The leaves arc cultivated and used for salad inuler the name of Fetticus. Called
also White Pot Ilerb, Lamb's Lettuce, Milk Gr.i.ss. April-July.
246
VAIJ'RIANACl'AIv.
[V^oi.. III.
2. Valerianella chenopodifolia (I'lirsh) ])C. Goose-foot Corn Salad.
(I'-'g- 3476.)
I'cdiacheiuit'odifolia I'lirsli, Fl. Am. Sept. -2^.
181 |. '
I'alfi iunrlla chenofoJi/olia DC. I'rodr. 4: 620.
I'luiia Fagopyiiim T. & (i. Kl. N. A. 2: 51.
1841.
Glabrous, I °-2° high. Leaves entire.or the
basal anil lower ones rcpaiid, spatnlate, ob-
tuse; upper stem leaves oblong or lanceo-
late, i'-3' long; cymes dense, e'-'-S" broad,
at length slcnder-pedunclcd; bracts lanceo-
late or oblong-lanceolate; corolla white,
al)OUt \" long; fruit triangular-pyramidal,
a" long, 1" thick, glabrous or minutely
pubescent, the two empty cavities narrower
than the fertile one but about as deep.
In moist soil, western New York to VirRliiia,
west to Wisconsin and Kentucky. May-July.
3. Valerianella radiata (L.) Dtifr.
Beaked Corn Salad. (Fig. 3477.)
l'a/f)iana l.ocusia var. radtala I.. Sp. PI. 34. i;";^.
J'edia radiala Jliclix. Kl. lior. Am. i: 118. i8oi.
Valeiianella ladiala IJufr. Hist. Val. 5;. 1811!
Glabrous, or minutely pubescent below, 6'-
18' high, nasal and lower leaves spatnlate,
obtuse, entire, the upper lanceolate, usually
den.ate; cymes 4"-6" broad, dense; bracts
small, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate; corolla
white, 1" long; fruit narrowly ovate-tetragonal,
finely pubescent or sometimcsglabrous, i " long,
Yi" thick, the empty cavities as thick as or
thicker than the beaked fertile one and separa-
ted from each other by a broad shallow groove.
In moist soil, New York to riorida, west to
MicliiKan, Missouri and Texas. Called also I.amb's
I<ettuce. May-July.
4. Valerianella stenocarpa
(Engelni.) Krok. Narrow-celled
Corn Salad.. (Fig. 3478.)
Fedia ilowcarpa I^ngclni. Host. Journ.
Nat. Hist. 6: 216. 1857.
V'aleriauella stenocarpa Krok, Kongl.
vSvensk. Akad. Ilandl. 5: 64. 1866.
vSimilar to the preceding spe^jies and
perhaps better regarded as a variety ot
it. Fruit oblong-tetragonal, slightly
smaller, glabrous or sometimes pubes-
cent; sterile cavities not as thick as
the oblong seed-bearing one, and
separated from each other by a narrow
groove.
Kansas and Missouri to Texa.s.
June.
March-
Vol.. III.]
VALERIAN I'AMILY.
247
Woods' Corn Salad.
5. Valerianella Woodsiana (T, & G. ) Walp
(Fig. 3479. )
Pedia U'onrlsiana T. & C. V\. N. A. 2: S-'. 1X41.
Valerianella ll'onduaiia Walp. Rep. 2: 527. i^\>,-
Usually larger llian any of the preceding
species, sometimes 3° liig''' glabrous or very
nearly so tlirougliout. Hasal and lower leaves
spatulale, obtuse, entire; upper leaves lanceo-
late or linear-oblong, usually dentate; cynics
j/'-d" broad, few-flowered; bracts compara-
tively large, lanceolate; corolla white, abo\it
\" long; fruit glabrous, nearly globular, abo\it
\" in diameter, the empty cavities inflated, in-
trorse with a depression or concavity between
them, as broad as the fertile one.
In moist soil. New York, I'cnnsylvania and
Ohio to Tt-nntssee and Te.xas. M.i}--July.
Valerianella Woodsi&na umbilicata (Siilliv.)
A Cniy, I'roc. .\ni. Acid, in: .H2. 1S83.
F. umbilicata Sulliv. Aiu. Jourii. .Sci. 42: 50. i,S |2.
ICnii.ty colls of the fruit bladcU'ry-inflali'd,
curved iigether at the ends, forming a deep con-
cavity. Same rantfe.
Valerianella Woodsiana patellaria (Sulliv.) \. Cray, I'roc. Am. .\cad. 19: 82. iS8j.
Fedia t>atellaria'n\\\\\\.\ .\. Cray, Man. 1H3. iS.(S.
ICmpty cells divement, the fruit becoiniiijf saucer-shaped. Ohio and Pennsylvania,
variety and the preceding one are probably but forms of the species.
This
6. Valerianella longiflora (T.&G.)
Walp. Lens;- flowered Corn Salad.
(Fig. 3480.)
Fedia Ionian' flora T. iS: G. I'l. N. .V. 2: 51. 1S41.
Valerianella loiifii/lora Walp. Kep. 2: 527. 1843
Glabrous; stem usually several times
'brked, 6'-i2' high. Leaves very obtuse,
the basal ones spatulate, \'-2]i' long, .("-8"
wide, those of the stem oblong or spatulate-
oblong, smaller, somewhat clasping; cymes
dense, corymbed, commonly numerous, sev-
cral-maiiy-flowered; corolla salverform, pink
or purplish, about 6" long, the almost fili-
form tube 3-4 times as long as the somewhat
irregular 5-parted limb, the lobes linear-ob-
long; bracts with small gland-tipped teeth;
fruit broadly ovate or nearly orbicular in out-
line, the emptj' cavities divergent, larger
than the oblong seed bearing one.
In moist rocky si .ions, Missouri and .\r-
kansas. April-May
Family 38. DIPSACACEAE Lindl. Vcg. Kingd. 699. 1847.
Ti:.\si:i< I'amii.v.
Perennial biennial or annual herbs, with oppo.site or rarely verticillate leaves,
and perfect gamopetalou.s flowers in dense involucrate heads. Stipules none.
F'lowers borne on an elongated or globose receptacle, bracted and involucellate.
Calyx-tulie adnate to the ovary, its limb cup-.shaped, disk-shaped, or divided
into spreading bristles. Corolla epigynous, the tube usually enlarged at the
throat, the limb 2-5-lobed. vStamens 2-4, inserted on the tube of the corolla
and alternate with its lobes ; filaments distinct ; anthers versatile, longitudin-
ally dehiscent. Ovary inferior, i-celled, style filiform; stigma undivided,
terminal, or obliciue and lateral; ovule i, anatropous. Fruit an achene, its apex
crowned with the persistent calyx-lobes. Seed-coat membranous; endosperm
fleshy; embryo straight.
About 7 genera and i4os))ecies, natives of the Old World.
Scales of the elongated receptacle prickly pointed. i. Dif'sactis.
Scales of the receptacle not prickly, herbaceous, capillary, or none. 2. Scahiosa.
I. DIPSACUS I,. Sp. PI. 97. 1753.
Rough-hairy or prickl> tall erect biennial or perennial herbs, with opposite dentate en-
tire or pinnatifid, usually large leaves, and blue or lilac flowers in dense terminal peduncled
248
nir.SACACKAR.
[Voi<. Ill,
oblong liencis in our species. Bracts of the involucre and scales of the receptacle rigid or
spiny pointed. Involucels 4->S-ribl)ed with a somewhat spreading border. IJin)) of the
calyx cup-shaped, 4toothed or 4-lol)ed. Corolla oblique or 2-lipped, 4-lo1)cd. Stamens 4.
Stigma oblique or lateral. .Achene free from or adnate to the iuvoluccl, [Clreek, to thirst,
the leaves of some species holding water.] .
.\b()Ut 15 spicirs, ii.itivcs of tlic Old World.
Scales of the rtci platk' straiKht poiiiti-d. i. /'. sylvr.Uiis.
Scales of the receptacle hooked at the apex. 2. 1>. fiitloiiinii.
X. Dipsacus sylvestris lliuls
Wild, Comtnon or Card Teasel.
JUfisaiiis/iilloniim L. ,Sp. I'l.
lUpsaiiis sj/:vs/) is Iliids. I'l.
i)~. In part.
AiiKl. (9. 176
Fig. 3481.)
"75J-
Biennial, stout, with numerous short prickles
on the stem, branches, peduncles, midribs of the
leaves and involucre, otherwise glabrous or
nearly so, 3°-6'' high. Leaves sessile, or the
upper ones connatc-perfoliate, lanceolate or ob-
long, the upper acuminate and generally entire,
the lower obtuse or obtusish, crenate or some-
times pinnatilid at the base, often 1° long; heads
at first ovoid, becoming cylindric, at length .;'-
4' long; flowers lilac, Y'-fi'^ long; leaves of the
involucre linear, curved upward, as long as the
head or longer; scales of the receptacle ovate,
tipped with a long straight subulate barbed awn,
usually exceeding the flowers.
Ill waste places, Maine and Ontario to Virginia,
west to JlichiRan. Naturalized froni liurope and na-
tive also of .Asia. July- Sept. Other I^nslish nanus
ate Venus' Hath, \'enus' Cup, Wood- or Church-
brooms, Shepherds' SlalT, Card or Water Thistle,
Cipsy Combs, Ilutton-weed.
^.^^^
2. Dipsacus fullonum L. Kiiller'.s
Tea.sel. Fuller's Thistle.
(Fig. 3482.)
Dipsacus fullaiiuni L. Sp. I'l. 97. I7,s,v
Dipsacus fulhtniim var. salii'US I,. Sp. PI. ICd. 2,
1677. 1763.
Similar to the preceding species. Leaves of
the involucre, or some of them, shorter than
the heads, spreading or at length rcflexed ; scales
of the receptacle with hooked tips, about equal-
ling the flowers, which are usually paler than in
D. sylvesliis.
Abotit wool mills, Ivastern and Middle .States,
rare. KuKitive from Kurope. Other linglish names
are Clothiers' lirush, Venus' liath, or Cup, Drapers'
Teasel. Generally regarded as probably a eulti vated
variety of the preceding si)ecies, ,is it is not found
wild, except as an evident escape.
2. SCABIOSA L. Sp. PI. 98. 1753.
Herbs, with opposite leaves, no prickles, and blue pink or white flowers in peduncled
involucrate heads. Bracts of the involucre herbaceous, separate, or slightly united at the
base. Scales of the receptacle small, capillary, or none, not sharp-pointed nor hooked. In-
voluccls 2-8-ribbed, the margins 4-toothed or expanded. Calyx-linib 5-toothed. Limb of
the corolla 4-5-cleft, oblique or 2-lipped. Stamens 4 (rarely 2). Stigma oblique or lateral.
Acliene more or less adnate to the involncel, crowned with the persistent calyx. [Latin,
scale, from its repute as a remedy for scaly eruptions.]
About HO species, n.itives of the Old World.
Leaves, or nonie of them, pinnatifid; receptacle hairy, not scaly. i. S. arvensis.
Leaves entire, or toothed; receptacle scaly. 2. S. aiislralis.
Vol,. HI.]
THASKL FAMILY.
249
:led
the
Iii-
of
ral.
tiu,
its.
tlis.
1. Scabiosa arvensis L. Field
Scabious. ( Kig. 3483.)
5'((7/i/o.r(7 rf» rr«w'? I,. Sp, I'l. t;<i. 175,).
Knaiilia aiieiish CoiiU. Dips. 29. 1S2,?.
Perennial, pubescent, simple or little brancli-
eil, l°-3° Imk''. Hasnl and lower leaves petiolcd,
lanceolate, acute or acuminate, entire, lohed,
or pinnatifid, ,^'-S' lonj;; upper leaves sessile,
often dee])ly pinnatind; heads lon^-pedunclcd,
depresscdglolH)se, 1 '-!,'•' hroad; flowers lilac-
purple, ahout 6" lon^; receptacle depressed-
hemispheric, not scaly, covered witli hairs be-
tween the (lowers; achcne angled, crowned with
the S or 10 linear-subulate calyx-teeth.
In cuUivatcd fiiUls and waste i)lacrs, Massacliii-
sitts. Vcnniiiit, N'lw York atid I'linisylviiniii. .\il-
vcnlive from ICiirdpc. Otiur ICiiKlish iiatiRs au-
Hhie Ituttims, r.liic Caps, Cipsy nr i;(;ypliaii Rose,
I'incusliidii. June Sipl.
2. Scabiosa australis Wiilf.
Southern Scabioii.s. (Fig, 3484.)
Scabiosa aiislralis Wulf. in Rocm. Arch. 3: Part 3,
J16. iSo.v
Succisa aiislralis Reicheneb. ri. Germ. Ivxcurs.
i()6. 18,50.
I'erennial, pubcrulent, at least above; stem
slender, branched, l/4°-3° high. Basal leaves
oblanceolate to oblong, mostly obtuse, 4'- 12'
long, the petiole often as long as the blade, or
onger; stem leaves distant, lanceolate or ol)-
long-lanceolate, entire, or toothed, short-peti-
oled, or the upper sessile, acute or acuminate;
heads of purple flowers long-peduncled, rather
less than i' in diameter, oblong-ovoid in fruit;
receptacle scaly, the scales about as long as the
involucels or longer; achene crowned with 5
calyx-teeth,
N.ituralizi'd from Kurope in central New York anil
Massachusetts. I'inciishion -flower. Siininiir.
Family 39.
1759-
CUCURBITACEAE R. Jii.s.s, Ilort. Triau.
UuL'Ki) Family.
Climbing or trailing, herbaceous viiie.s, usually with tendrils. Leaves alter-
nate, petioled, generally palinately lobed or dis.-iected. Flowers solitary or race-
mo.se, monoecious or dioecious. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, its limb cam-
panulate or tubular, usually 5-lobed, the lobes imbricated. Petals usually 5,
in.serted on the limb of the calyx, separate, or united into a gamopetalous cor-
olla. Stamens mostly 3 (sometimes i), 2 of them with 2-celled anthers, the other
with a I -celled anther; filaments short, often somewhat monadelphous. Ovary 1-
3-celled; style terminal, simple, or lobed; ovides few or numerous, anatropous.
Fruit a pcpo, indehiscent, or rarely dehiscent at the summit, or bursting irregu-
larly; or sometimes dry and membranous. Seeds usually flat; endosperm none.
About 90 genera and 650 species, mainly natives of tropical regions, a few in the temperate
zones.
Klowirs large, yellow; prostr.ite vine.
Flowers small, white or greenish; climbinsr vines.
Fruit glabrous; seeds numerous, horizontal.
Fruit prickly; seeds 1 or few, erect or pendulous.
Fruit dehiscent at the apex or bursting irregularly; several-seeded.
Leaves ,3-7 lobed; anthers 3.
Leaves (ligitately connKUind; anther i.
Fruit indehiscent, i -seeded.
1. Cucurbila.
2. Melolhiia.
,V Micianif)clis.
4. Cnlanllteta.
5. Sityos.
250 CICrRIlITAClvAlv. [Vol,. III.
1. CUCURBITA h. Sp. PI. loio. 1753.
Roiij»li prostrate vines, rooting at tlic nodes, with l)ranche(l tcndriln, usually lobed leaves
mostly cordate at the base, and lar^e yellow axillary monoecious flowers. Calyx-tube cain-
panulate, usually .sdobed. Corolla canipanulatc, ,s-lobed to about the middle, the lobes re-
curving. Staniiiiate (lowers with three stamens, the anthers linear, more or less united and
no pistil. Pistillate llowcrs with l pistd; ovary oblonj; with ^5 many-ovulcd placentae;
style short, thick; sti>,'nias 3-5, each jlobcd, papillose; staniinoilia ,v I'ruit lar^e, fleshy,
with a thick rind, many-scc<led, iiulehisceiit. [The I.atin name of the K'>i'nl. )
About 10 spicies, natives of Amiiici, Asia ami Africa. Ik'sidis tlie folU'vitig, some (i others
occur in the soulliern ami soutluvcstciii ruiU-d States.
I. Cucurbita foetidissima II.B.K. Mis.sotiri Gourd. Calaba/.illa. Wild
Piiiiipkiii. (Fi^. ,^485.)
Ciiciiibila /iie/idissinia II. U.K. Nov. (.icn. 2: 12?.
1817.
Cucnuiis />erfiiiifs}:\me>i in Long's IJxp. a: so. 182 v
Ciiciirhila f'eieiiiii.'i \. dray, Host. Joiirn. Nat. Hist.
6: lov 1S50.
Stem stout, rough, hirsute, t r.iilinj; to a length
of l,s°-25°. Root large, carrot-shaped, reticles
stout, 3'-.S' lonjf, verv rough; leaves ovate-tri-
angular, thick and somewhat fleshy, cordate or
truncate at the base, acute at the apex, 4'-i2'
long, usually slightly ;,-s-lobed, denticulate,
rough above, canescent beneath; peduncles l'-
2' long; flowers mostly solitary; corolla 2 '.'-4'
long; pepo globose or globosc-ovoiil, 2'-},' in
diameter, smooth, its pulp fibrous and bitter.
Dry soil, Nebraska to Texas and Mexico, west to
southern California. May-Sept.
Cucurbita P4po I,., the runijjkin, is found occa-
sionally in waste places.
Citrullus Citrtillus ( I,. > K.irst., tin- Watermelon, is
found escaped from cultivation alont; river shores
in Virginia and West Virginia.
" )■-•
2. MELOTHRIA L. Sp. PI. 35. 1753.
Slender, mostly climbing vines, with simple or rarely bifid tendrils, lobed or entire thin
leaves, and small white or yellow monoecious flowers, the staminate clustered, the pistillate
often solitary. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Corolla catnpanulalc, deeply 5-parted.
Stamens 3 in the staminate flowers, the anthers distinct or slightly united, the pistil want-
ing or rudimentary. Pertile flowers with i pistil; ovary ovoid, constricted below the corolla;
placentae 3; ovules unnicrous; style short; stigmas 3, linear. l'"ruit small, bcrry-likc, pulpy,
many-seeded. [I'rom the Greek for .some vine, probably llryonia Cretica.^
.About 64 s])ecies, natives of warm and tropic.il regions, most abundant in the Old World. Only
the following occurs in the Cnited States.
I. Melothria pendula L. Creeping Cucumber.
(Fig. 3486.)
Melolhria pendula I,. Sp. PI. 35. 1753.
Root perennial. Stem slender, climbing to a height
of 3°-.5°, branched, glabrous, grooved; petioles y2'-2%'
long; leaves nearly orbicular in outline, finely pubescent
or scabrous on both sides, cordate at the base, 5- lobed or
5-angled, denticulate or dentate; tendrils puberulent;
staminate flowers 4-7, racemose, borne on a peduncle
^'2'-!'' long; fertile flowers solitary, slcnder-peduncled;
corolla greenish while, about 2" broad; fruit smooth,
ovoid, green, 4"-6" long.
In thickets, Pennsylvania (Schwcinitz, according to Cog-
niaux); Virginia to Florida, west to Indiana, Kentucky,
Louisiana and northern Mexico. June-Sept.
Only
o Cog-
tucky,
Vor-. HI.]
OOl'RI) FAMILY.
251
3. MICRAMPELIS Raf. Med. Rep. (II.) 5: 350. 1808.
[I'CiiiNdCYSTis T. & C. 1"1. N. A. 1: 542. iH4<)]
^lostly iiiinual clitiiliin); hcHis, with branclieil tendrils, lohcd or angled leaves, and small
while monoecious flowers. Calyx-tube canipatiulate, 5-6-lot)ed. Corolla very deeply 5-6-
partcd. Stamens ,^ in the staniinate flowers, the anthers more or less coherent. I'islillate
flowers with a 2-celled ovary; ovules 3 in each cavity; style very short; sti){ma hemispheric
or lol)ed. I'ruit fleshy or dry at maturity, densely spiny, 1-2-cclled, usually with 2 seeds in
each cavity, dehiscent at the summit. Testa of tlie seed roughened, [dreek, small-vine.]
Alidut 2.S species, tialivisof America. Itesidcs tlu- fjlluwiiin, ahuut ii> otlicrs nccur in the west-
ern I'liitiil Stntrs.
X. Micrampelis lobata ( Miclix. ) Greene.
(Fig. 3487. J
Wild Bal.sain Apple.
Mock Apple.
.lA>w/<'»v//V.7^rA;«(J/<i Muhl. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. \jM^'~', v^>'M V. ,i:\ 'v
3: iSii. N.-inic only. 1791. '^^ /t\ /T^^^y >' -AV/^V f' I (^^
.S7,r.»W.)^;/(( Mich.x. I'l. U.ir. Am. 2: 217. iS-i.V --' //I R\iV '>:VV /■-■'(/ *r ^ P \
/fr///«.irn//,v A-fta/.j T. iSiC. l''l.N. A. l: ,S42. lS|o. J vd] VV. S~ ' / T ■)'/ - "y. 1
.J//r;<iH//)f/».5/(>i')(//<jGicenc, l'ittoniii,2: ii'iS. iS()<i, 1 ( 5?^ r<i, f" ^>L:^ \ ,>--^-'.'- •»■■> r^ 'v
' V\l \'.h If- •)'«~^V'T>>. '^ "y, C tj
.Stem nearly glabrous, angular and grooved
branching, climbing to a height of i5''-25',
sometimes villous-pubcscent at the nodes.
Petioles i'-,V long; leaves thin, roughish on
both sides, deeply cordate at the base, 3-7-
lobed to about the middle, the lobes triangu-
lar-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the mar-
gins remotely serrulate; staminate flowers very
numerous in narrow compound racemes; pistil-
late flowers solitary, or rarely 2 together; fruit
ovoid, green, about 2' long, armed with slen-
der spines.
.Vlonp rivers, and in waste places, Maine to
Minnesota ami Ontario, soiitli to Vii((inia (accord-
ins; to Cogniaux), Pennsylvania, Kentucky, Kan-
sas and Te.xas. ICastward, mostly occurring; as
an introduced plant. Jnly-Sept.
4. CYCLANTHERA Sclirad. Iiid. Seni. llort. Goett. 1831.
Clind)ing, annual or perennial, mostly glabrous vines, with forked or simple tendrils, usu-
ally digitately compound leaves and small white or greenish monoecious flowers.' Calyx
cup-shaped, 5-tootlied. Corolla rotate, deeply 5-parled. vStaminate flowers racemose or pani-
cled, the stamens united into a central column; anther i, annular in our species. Pistillate
flowers .solitary; ovary obliquely ovoid, beaked, 1-3-cclled, with 2 ovules in each cavity;
style short; stigma large, hemispheric. P'ruit spiny, obliquely ovoid, beaked, at length
irregulaily dehiscent, few-seeded. [Greek, circle-anther.]
About 40 species, natives of America.
I. Cyclanthera dissecta (T. & G.) Arn,
Ciit-leaved Cyclanthera. (Fig. 3488.)
Dhianllii-ra di.tsrcla T. & G. I-'l. X. k. i: 697. 1840.
Cjclaiilliera dissecia Arn. in Hook. Journ. Hot. 3: 2S0.
1S41.
Annual; stem grooved and angular, glabrous,
branching, climbing to a height of 3°-4°, or strag-
ling. Petioles i'-2' long; leaves digitately 3-7-
foliolate, the leaflets oval or oblong, usually acute at
each end, >^'-2' long, rough on both sides, den-
tate, or somewhat lobed; staminate flowers race-
mose, borne on a peduncle Yi'-'^' long; pistillate
flowers solitary, very short-peduncled; fruit nar-
rowed at the base, slightly oblique, about i' long,
armed with slender spines.
Thickets, Kan.sas to Texas, Louisiana and northern
Mexico. July-Sept.
252
ci'ciRmTAci'Ai-;.
[Vol,, in.
5. SICYOS L. Sp. PI. loi.v 1753.
Aiiiuial clitiil)iiiK viiu-s, witli liraiichcd tendrils, atiKlctl or lohcd leaves, and hiiinll wliiti-
or Kft^t'" monoecious flowers. Calyx-tutje I'aiiipaiiiilatf or cupsliaped, ^-toothed. Corolla
cntnpanidate or rotate, ,s-parted nearly to the base. Staininate flowers I'orymbose or racemose,
with 3 stamens, the tilninents iniited into a short column, the anthers coherent; pistil want-
ing. I'istillate llowers several together in capitate lonK-peilunded clusters, with no stamens;
ovary olilonj; or fusiform, i-celled; ovule 1, (icmhilous; style sliort, slender; stigmas usually ,\.
I-'ruit spiny, iiulchiscent, l-seeded. [•■reek, a cucumber or gourd.]
Alxiiit (i spi cits, natives nf Aniirici iiiul .\iislralasia. llisitles the roUowinK, a ulliers occur
in the »^luthw^■^lc^u stales.
I, Sicyos angulatus I.,, One-secckd Htir-
Ciicuml)tr, Star Ciicuiuher. (Fig. 3489.)
SiiVos iiiiffulaliis \, Sj). ri. \o\\. i7,s,i.
Stem angled, more or less viscid-pubescent,
climbing to a height of i.s"^ 2y , or trailing, reti-
cles stout, I '-4' long, pubescent; leaves nearly or-
bicular, rough on both sides, rather thin, deeply
cordate at the base, 5-angled or 5-lobed, the lolics
acute or acuminate, the margins denticulate; stani-
jnate flowers loosely corymbose or racemose, borne
on elongated peduncles; fertile flowers capitate,
their peduncles shorter; Iruits sessile, 3-10 tf)gethcr,
yellowish, about '/j' long, pubescent, armed with
slender rough spines.
AIduk river banks .uiil in moist placts, Outbcc and
Ontario to I'Morida, wist to Mimiesola, Kansas and
Ti\as, Nauirali/.td in lasUrii Iviirope. C.illvd also
Nimble Kate. Leaves siinictimi;s lu across. June-
Sept.
Family 40. CAMPANULACEAE Jti.ss, Oeii, 163. 1789,
HlU.I.-l'I.OWlCK I'AMir.V.
Herbs Csoiiie tropical species shnib.s or even trees), with alternate exstipu-
late entire dentate or rarely lobed leaves, acrid and tisually milky jnice, and
racenio.se spicate paniculate or .solitary perfect flowers. Calyx-tube adnatc to
the ovary, its limb mosL.y 5-lobed or ^-parted, the lobe.s equal or slij^htly uii-
eiiual, valvate or imbricate in the bud, commotdy persistent. Corolla Katno-
petalous, rej;ular or irregular, inserted at the line where the calyx becomes
free from the ovary, its tube entire, or deeply cleft on one side, its limb 5-lobed,
regular, or more (jr less 2-lipped, or corolla rarely divided into separate j)etals.
Stamens 5, alternate with the corolla-lobes, inserted with the corolla; filaments
.scjiarate or coimate; anthers 2-celled, introrse, .separate, or united into a ring or
tube. Ovary 2-5-celled (rarely 6-io-celledi, with the placentae projecting from
the axis, or i-celled with two parietal placentae ; style simple ; stigma mostly
2-5-lobed, pilo.se by a tuft or ring of hairs, or glabrous; ovules anatropous.
Fruit a capsule or berry. Seeds very numerous and small; embryo minute,
straight ; endosperm fleshy.
About (X) (fenera and 1510 species, of wide geoRrapliic distribution.
Corolla regular, campanulate or rotate; anthers se])arate.
Corolla c.impaiiulatc. rarely rotate; flowers all complete. i. Oi in f>ci )i n !a .
Corolla rotate; earlier flowers cleisto(janious. 2. /.ixoiizia.
Corolla irregular; autliers connate around the style. 3. f.ohelia.
I. CAMPANULA L. Sp. PI. 163. 1753.
Perennial or annual herbs, with alternate or basal leaves. I'lowcrs large or small, soli-
tary, racemose, paniculate, or glomerate, regular, complete, Idue, violet, or white. Calyx-
tube hemispheric, turbinate, obovoid, or prismatic, adnatc to the ovary, the limb deeply 5-
lobed or ^-parted (rarely 3-4-parte<l). Corolla catnpanulate or rotate, 5-lobed or 5-parted,
Stamens 5, free from the corolla; filaments usually dilated at the base; anthers separate.
Ovary inferior, 3-5-celled; stigma 3-5-lobcd. Capsule wholly or partly inferior, crowned by
the persistent calyx-lobes, opening on the sides, either near the top, middle or bottom by
3-5 small valves or perforations, or tending to Ix; indehiscent in some species. [Diminutive
of the Latin atuipatia, a bell.]
About 250 species, natives of the northern hcniispliere. Besides the following, some 8 others
occur in the southern and western parts of North America; .-dl known as llell-flower.
(inula.
:ni.
111.
1, soli-
'alyx-
?ply S-
irled.
mrate.
ed by
itii by
inttivc
I others
Vor,. III.)
Ili;i,I,l'I.(»\Vi;k I'AMII.Y.
253
I'Mowi
C.
iiiiifl iia.
)iiliiiidi/i>lia.
3. C iDliiiidi/nlia.
iii/'iiiii iitiiii/e.i.
i;/iitnri It/a.
C. 'i/>'ii iiKiiila.
C. it i: 11 1 till til.
:',■ Corolla ompanulate; nowera aolitary, racemoae, glomarata, or paniclcd.
r !<oUtiiry nl llii- i ml nf tin siini; arilic ami alpiiir plaiils.
in)lla (" u" l.iiiK. > aiiMili- ip|)rniiii{« 111 ar tin- -itmmil. I. (\
iioll.i'i' I.'" |iii)»{; lapHiilf cipiniiit!'* lual tlif liasf. 3 C.
t> iai'( iiiDsr, Kli'Olt'latc, iir paiii> iilati
imlla -" \s" I'liiK
sum Itavis liiirar. tin liasal iiiliiciil.ir. iiiD-illy ennlaliv
I.cavrs all (ivatr to laiii'i olatt- plants piilit ^iiTtlt nt mmImuuh.
l''Ui\vii> pi ilin lltil ill I siilid rairmis. 3. C.
l''li)\vi IS srssik' ill trniiiii il and axillary clustt'r». 4. C'.
iriilla .'"- S ' liiiiL'.
I'laiil mimli ; styU- lliit '•xstTti il $■
I'lant miioolli, glabrous, slinlitly visiiil. slyli loiiK ixm itid. 6.
■K- •:■;■ Corolla rotate; flowers spicule. -. C. Ainri ii iliia.
I, Campanula unifldra L. Arctic Harebell or
HellllowLT. (I'ig. 3490.)
Ca infill II 11 /ii iiiiilhua I.. Sp. I'l. Kij. 175,^. >
rcreiiiiial, ({labrotts or nearly so; sltin siiiipk-, i-flow-
ered, \' h' Iiijjli. Leaves linear or liiicar-obloiiK, acute,
sessile, tliickisli, entire or sparin),'ly detitatc, i)"-lS" loii^,
or the lower and basal ones spatulate, obtuse and nar-
rowed into ])ctioles; llowcr ereel; calyx-ttibe turbinate,
glabrous or pubescent, shorter than or etjualliii}; the lobes;
corolla cainpanulate, 4"-6'" long, blue; capsule cylindric
or club-shaped, about (1" long, erect, opening by valves
near tlie suiuinit.
I.alirailiir and Antic Aitiericato Alaska, soiitli in the Km-ky
Miiuntaiiis to Colnrailo. Also in niirtliern ICurope and Asia.
Sliinmel.
2. Campanula rotundifolia L.
I larcbcil. liliie Bells of Scotland.
(Fig. 3491.)
Cum fill nil I a rulundiiolin I,. .Sp. I'l. 1'),;. 175,^.
Perennial by slender rootstocks, glabrous
or nearly so; stems erect or dilTuse, often sev-
eral from tlie same root, simple or branched,
6'-3° high. Hasal leaves nearly orbicular or
broadly ovate, usually cordate, slender-peti-
oled, S'-l' wide, dentate or entire, often
wanting at flowering time; stem leaves linear
or linear-oblong, acute, mostly entire, sessile,
or the lower narrowed into short petioles and
somewhat spatulate; flowers several or nu-
merous, racemose (rarely solitary), drooping
or spreading, slender-pedicelled; calyx-lobes
subulate,spreading, longer than the short-tur-
binate tube; corolla blue, campanulate, 7"-
1 2" long; capsule obconicorovoid, pendulous,
ribbed, opening by short clefts near the base.
On moist rocks and in meadows, Labrador to Alaska, south to New Jersey, reiinsylvania, Illi-
nois, Nebraska, in the Rocky Mountains to Arizona and in the Sierra Nevada to California. Also
in ICurope and Asia. Other Unglish names are Thimbles, Lady's Thimble, Heath or Witches' Hells,
Round-leaved IJelldower. June-Sept.
Campanula rotundifolia Langsdorfilina (A. DC.) Brilton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 309. 1S94.
C- liiiifolia var. /.angsdorfiana A. PC. Prodr. 7: 471. 1831).
C. rotundifolia var. alpina Tuekerm. Amer. Journ. Sei. 45; 27. 1843.
U Flower commonly solitary, erect, nearly or quite i' loug; ealyxlobes nearly rdiform, spreading
or deflexed. Summits of the White Alountains of New Hampshire; Quebec to Labrador and Arctic
America.
Campanula totundifdlia veliitina DC. Fl. France, 6: 432. 1815.
Stem and leaves pubescent or canescent. Sand hills, Burt Lake, Michigan (according to Gray).
254
CAMl'ANTLACKAK.
fVoi.. III.
3. Campanula rapunculoides L.
Creeping or luiroiK-an Hellllower.
(Fig. 3492.)
Campanula rafiiiiiciili iilts I,. Sp. IM. iTis. ir.s.v
I'crciinial by slctidor rootstoiks; su-ii' i;lii-
brous or pubescent, simpk' or rarely brain, iieil,
leafy, erect, rather stout, l°-3° liiK'i. Leaves
pubescent or pubcrulent, crenalc-dcntirulate,
ovate or ovate lanceolate, acute or acuminate,
the lower and basal ones mostly cordate, },'-h'
louK, I '-2' wide, slender-petioled, the upper
shortpetioled or sessile, smaller; flowers
short- pedicelled, drooi)in>;, I'-i V' lo"K '" ""
elongated bractcd i-sided raceme; corolla
cainpnnulate, liluc to violet, rather deeply ,s-
lohed, much lon^;er than the linear spreading
calyx-lobes; csipsule globose, nodding, about
t" in diameter; opening near the base.
In fiilils ami aUmtf roadsides. New llrunswick
to Ontario, sduthfrii New Viirk. I'ennsylv.miaand
I iliio. Naliirali/cd Ironi liiinipc. July .Si])l.
4. Campanula glomerata L. Clii.s-
tcred IJellllower. Dane'.s Wood.
(I'iK- ,U9:v)
Caiiipainitii i:lo»ii-ialii I.. Sp. PI. Hid. 17,=; ;.
I'erennial by short rootstocks; stem stout,
simple, erect, pubescent, leafy, i°-2° high.
I<eaves pubescent on both sides, crennlate,
the lower and basal ones oblong or ovate,
mostly obtuse, sometimes cordate, slender-
petiolcil, 2'-.|' long, the upper lanceolate or
ovate-lanceolate, acute, sessile or clasping,
smaller; flowers about i' long, sessile, erect
and .spreading in terminal and axillarj- glom-
erules; corolla campanulate, blue, nither
deeply ,s-lobed; calyx-lobes lanceolate, acutii-
inate; capsule ovoid or oblong, erect, about
3" high, opening near the base.
In fields and alon^ niadsidL'S, (.'astern Massa-
cliusiUs NatiiralizKl from luiroiio. Some-
times c.ilk'il Canliibury lulls, a name tiiorc
proptrl .■ belouKinK to C". ill iii in 111 n\nl C. Tiiu/i-
eliiiin. June-A'iK.
5^ o.
i
\)
yi^
v^cli^.,
5. Campanula aparinoides Pur.sh.
Marsh or Hed.straw Bellflower. (.Fig. 349.1. ;
Caiiifiiunilii iif<tn iiioiJis I'ursli I'M. .\m. .Sept. l,s<>. iSi ).
I'erennial; stems very slender or filiform, weak,
reclining or dilTuse, rough with short rctrorse bris-
tles, similar to those of (itiliiiiii as/iniiuiii, leafy,
paniculatcly branched, 6'-2° long. Leaves lanceo-
late, or linear-lanceolate, sessile, sparingly dentate
with low teeth, or entire, rough on the margins and
midrib, acute at both ends, ]i'-iyi' long, i"-,^"
wide; flowers pale blue o" white, paniculate, 2'i"-
4" long; pedicels filifoi.r., buds drooping; corolla
open-campanulate, deeply ,s-cleft, its tube eiiual-
ling or longer than the triangular-lnuceolate acute
calyx-lobes; style included; capsule subglobose,
opening near the base.
In grassy swatni>s, New liruiiswick to the Northwest
Territory, south to CiCorKiii, Ktutiicky, Nibniska and
Colorado. Called also Slender Hellllower. June-Auif.
;*■;
VO! III.]
IU:i,I,II,0\VI-;i< FAMILY.
255
(Fip- 3495-)
Ithwest
iw and
-AUR.
6. Campanula divaricata Michx. Paniclcil Ik'lltlower.
CampiXtnila divai icnta Miclix. I'l. IJor. .\m. i:
Iiic). lS(i(.
Camf^aiiuliifleMiosa Miilix. loc. cit. iSn.^ ?
Perennial, glaUroiis but soniewhal viscid;
stem crert, paniculately branched, slender,
1°-;,° bigli. Leaves lanceolate, ovate or
oblong-lanceolate, the uppermost sometimes
linear, sliarply serrate, acuminate at the
apex, narrowed to the base, the upper ses-
sile, the lower petioled, 2'-;/ lonj;, ,',"-12"
wide, or the lowest commonly shorter and
broader; (lowers very numerous in com-
pound panicles, drooping, sleuder-peili-
cellcd; corolla light blue, campanulate,
about 3" long; caly x-lobcs lanceolate, acute,
scarcely spreading, often dentate ; style long-
exserted; capsule turbinate, about 2' •"
long, opening near the middle.
On rocky banks, mountains of VirKinia and
West Virginia tolicortfia and 'IVnncssii'. As-
cends to 2,si«) ft. in North Caroliii.i. June Sept.
7. Campanula Americana I,.
Tall Hcllflower. (Fig. 3496.)
Ca III ftii 1114 111 Aiiiii icaiia I,. Sp. IM. i^'i- '7.= '-
Annual or biennial, more or less pubes-
cent; stem erector nearly so, rather slen-
der, simple or rarely willi a few long
branches, 2°-(->^ I'igb. Leaves thin, ovate,
oblong, or lanceolate, serrate, acuminate
at the apex, narrowed at the base, peti-
oled, or the up])er sessile, .>'-'>' long, the
lowest sometimes cordate; flowers in a
loose or dense terminal sometimes leafy
spike, which is often i^-a" long; lower
bracts foliaceous, the upper subulate;
corolla rotate, blue, or nearly white, about
1' broad, deeply 5-cleft; calyx-lobes lin-
ear-subulate, spreading, style declined
and curved upward, long-exserted; cap-
sule narrowly turbinate, ribbed, erect,
4"-5" long, opening near the summit.
In uiuisl lliickiN and woods. New limns-
wick tu( )nt:irinand Mintitsola. sci\illi to l"loi-
ida, Kiiitui ky .uid .Arkansas Kan- nt ir llu'
coast in tlic Middle Stales anil New MiiKlaiul.
.\scends to V""' ft- i" West Vir^'inia. uly-
Sept.
2. LEGOUZIA Diuaiul, V\. Boiirg. 2: 26. 17S2.
[Sphcii,ari.\ Heist.; A. DC. Mon. Camp. ;vii. iS;,ci,]
Annual herbs, with alternate toothed or entire leaves, the stem and branches long, slen-
der. Mowers axillary, sessile or nearly so, 2-bracted, or the upper panided in some exotic
species, the earlier (flower) ones small, cleistogamous, the later with a blue or purple nearly
rotate corolla. Calyx-tube narrow, the lobes in the earlier flowers _^ or 4, in the later 4 or 5.
Corolla 5-lol/ed or 5-parted, the lobes imbricated in the bud. I'ilaments Hat; anthers sepa-
rate, linear. Ovary 5-cclled (rarely 2- or 4-ceUed ) ; ovules iiui. rous; stigma usually ,^-lobed.
Capsule prismatic, oylindric, or narrowly obconic, opening b_, lateral valves. Seeds ovoid,
oblong, or lenticular.? [Name unexplained.]
About 10 species, natives of the uortlurn hemisphere, one extending^ into S'liitli America.
Capsule narr iwly oblouR.
Leaves sessile; capsule valves near tlio top. 1. A. hijloni.
Leaves cor lateclaspitifr; capsule-valves at about the middle. 2. /,. f>''.t'>liala.
Capsule linear-cylindrlc; leaves sessile; western. 3. t.. Icplocai fa.
CAMl'ANn.ACIvAi;.
[Vol,. III.
I. Legouzia bifldra ( R. & P.) Hritton.
Small Venus' Looking-glass. (Pig. 3497.)
Oiiiifiiiiiuhj hifloia R. i"^ 1'. Kl. I'er. 2: 55. pi. -W,/. 6.
Gray, I'roc. Am. Ai-ad. 11:
Torr. Clul), 5:
.^w.)-
2. Legouzia perfoliata (L. ) Britten
Venus' Looking-glass. (Fig. 349H.)
Camf>aiiuln f>rr/'o/ia/a L. Sp. PI. 16.5.
Spitiilaiia bifloia
1876.
Legouzia biflota Brittoii, Mciii.
1894.
Glabrous, or nearly so; stem simple or branched,
very slender, roiiKhish on tlie angles, 6'-2° high.
Leaves ovate, ohlong, or the upper lanceolate, ses-
sile, acute or obtuse at the apex, crenate with a few
tcctli, or entire, .("-lo" long, or the upper smaller;
earlier (lowers with 3 or 4 ovate to lanceolate calyx-
lobes, those of the later flowers 4 or 5, lanceolate-sul)-
ulate, longer; capsule obloug-cylindric, .V'-.S" long,
opening by valves close under the calyx-teeth.
In dry soil, VirKinia to Tcnnesstc. Kansas, I'lorida
and Texas. .Mso Iti California and South Anurica.
April-July.
i'\
17.S.V
Canipan.
3.SI-
Sprciiliiria f>ei /'oliala .\. IJC. Mon.
I ;S,;o.
L. pfifoUala Hritton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: ,v>9. >'^9t.
More or less pubescent; stem densely leafy,
simple or branched from near the base, slender,
rather weak, sometimes prostrate, retrorse-his-
pid on the angles, or nearlj' smooth, 6'-24' long.
Leaves orbicular or broadly ovate, stiongly cor-
date-clasping or the lower merely sessile, cre-
nate-dentate or sometimes entire, )j,'-\' wide;
flowers solitarj' or 2-;, together in the axils, ses-
sile, the later (upper) ones with 5 (rarely 4 )
triangular-lanceolate acuminate rigid calyx-
lobes, and a rotate blue or violet corolla s'^-ki"
broad, the earlier ones with 3-1 shorter calyx-
lobes longer than the rudimentary corolla; cap-
sule oblong, or narrowly turbinate, 2"-3" long,
finally opening at about thi; middle; seeds len-
ticular.
In dry woods, Maine ,ind Ontario to liritisli Columbia, south to Florida, Louisiana. Mexico
and Oregon. Called also Clasping Uellflower. May -Sept.
I 'tab
3. Legouzia leptocarpa (Xutt.) Brit-
ton. Western Venus' Looking-glass.
(Fig. 3499.)
Ciimpylocera leplofai fia Nutt. Trans. .\m. I'liil. Soc.
I II 18: 257. 1843.
Spfiitlaiia Icpliharfia A.Gray, I'roc. Am. .\cad. 11 : 82.
1^7 .
L. Ifplocarpa I'ritton. Mem, Torr. Club, 5; ,v»i. i^9(.
Hirsute, or nearly glabrous; stem slender, simple,
or br iched from the ba.sc, 6'-i5' high. Leaves
linear-lauceolate to oblong, sessile, not clasping,
acute at both ends, or the lowest obtuse at the ai)ex,
entire or sparingly denticulate, |i'-i' long, \"-2"
wide; flowers sessile and usually solitary in the
axils, the later ones with .;-5 subulate calyx-lobes
and a rotate corolla s'^-g" broad, the earlier ones
witli y shorter calyx-lobes and rudimentary corolla;
capsule liucar-cylindric, 4"-S" long, less than i"
thick; the upper at length opening near the sum-
mit; seeds oblong.
In dry soil, western Missouri and Kansas to Montana
atul Texas. May-.\UK.
Vol. III.]
HELLKLOWHR FAMILY.
^57
S2.
"m
rtah
SdO.
h: 82.
jnple,
caves
ipiHg.
ipex,
-2"
the
hobes
I ones
rolla;
^n I"
litatia
3. LOBELIA h. Sp. PI. 929. 1753.
Herbs (some tropical species shrubs), with alternate or basal leaves, and racemose spi-
cate or paniculate, often leafy bracted, red yellow blue or white flowers. Calyx-tube turbi-
nate, hemispheric or ovoid, adnatc to the ovary. Corolla-tube straight, oblique, or incurved,
divided to the base on one side, 2-lipped in our species, the lobe on each side of the cleft
erect or recurved, turned away from the other three which are somewhat united, the sinuses
inclining to extend to the base of the corolla at maturity so as to divide it into 5 petals.
Stamens free from the corolla-tul)c, monadclphous, at least above, two or all the 5 anthers
witli a tuft of hairs at the tips, three of them usually larger than the other two, all united
into a tube or ring around the style. Ovary 2-celled, the 2 placentae many-ovuled; stigma
2-lobed or 2-cleft. Capsule loculicidally 2-valved. [Named after Matthias de L'Obel, 153S-
1616, a riemish liotatiist. ]
About 22,s species of wi<U- Kfographic tlistribution. Itesides the foUowinK, some 1 2 others occur
in the southern and western I'ntti'd Stales.
'X* Aquatic; stems simple, nearly naked; flowers light blue.
Leaves terete, hollow, obtuse, all tufted at the base.
Leaves flat, linear oblonK or spatidate, entire or plandutar denticulate.
•::• •;■:■ Terrestrial plants of wet or dry soil; stems leafy.
I. CoroUa-lube 5"-i2" loti(f.
I'lowers briRht sc.irkt (rarely while); corolla-tube io"-i2" long.
I'lowcrs blue, white, or blue and white; corolla-tube 5" 7" long.
Leaves ovale, lanceolate, or the lower ones obovate.
Leaves ({labrous or sparingly ])ul)escenl.
Calyx-lobes hirsute; sinuses with large deflexcd auricles.
Calyx-lobes glabrous or glandular, usually without auricles.
Leaves densely puberulent; calyx hirsute; auricles small.
Leaves elongatcd-iitiear, strongly glandular denticulate.
2. Corolla-tube only 2"-4" long.
Stems mostly simple: flowers in terminal spike-like racemes.
Sinuses of the calyx without auricles.
Sinuses of tlie calyx with reflexed subulate auricles.
Stems mostly paniculately branched; flowers in loose racemes.
Stem stout, pubescent; leaves ovate or oblong, dentate. 1
Stems slender, gl.-ibrous; stem -leaves narrow, the basal wider.
Pedicels mo-tly longer than Mowers, 2-bracteolate near the middle. 1
Pedicels not longer than flowers, not hracteolate, or only so at the base.
Corolla 2'.'"-,V ■" long; calyx-tube hemispheric in fiuit. 12.
Corolla 4,'2" 5'-" long; calyx tube turbinate. 13.
/.. />o) hiiainia.
I., f'ahiiiiua.
3. /.. cat tlinalis
I., sypliilitiin.
L. anioriia.
I., piihei Ilia.
/,. ,i;/audtwsii.
Kfiira/a.
leploslacliys.
I., iiifla'a.
A. Kalmii.
A. XiiltaUii.
A. Canhyi.
I. Lobelia Dortmanna I^. Water Lobelia.
Water Gladiole. ( I''ig. 3500. )
Lobelia Doilmaniia L. Sp. I'l. ii2y. i~^^.
Perennial, atiuatic, glabrous throughout, somewhat
fleshy; roots numerous, white, tibrous; stem slender, sim-
ple, erect, hollow, minutely .scaly, 6'-i8' high. Leaves all
submersed and tufted at the ba.se of the stem, terete, hol-
low, obtuse, longitudinally divided by a partition, i'-2'
long, .-ibout 2" thick; flowers in a loose terminal raceme,
blue, 6"-S"long; pedicels tiliform, sliorter than or equal-
ling the flowers; calyx-lobes subulate or lanceolate, the
sinuses usually not at all appendaged; corolla-tube 3'"-4"
long, its lower lip glabrous or nearly so.
liorders of ponds, usually in saiuly soil, sometimes wholly
emcrsedwhen the water is low, New Jersey and Pennsylvania
to Nova .Scotia, New Urunswick an<l the Northwest Territory.
Also in IvUTope. July-Sept.
2.
s
Lobelia paluddsa Ntitt. Swamp Lobelia.
(Fig. 3501.)
Lobelia [taliuiosa Nutt. Cicn. 2: 75. IMS.
Perennial, aquatic, glabrous throughout; roots few and
thick; stem nearly naked, siender, simple, or branched
above, i°-4'^ high. Leaves flat, narrowly oblong or
spatulate, emersed, obtuse or acutish, entire or rcpand-
denticulatc and glandular, those of the stem few, small
and sessile, the basal ones 2'-9' long, 2"-4" wide, nar-
rowed into petioles; flowers pale blue, racemose, 5"-6"
long; calyx-lobes narrowly lanceolate, the sinuses com-
monly not at all appendaged; corolla-tube 3"-4" long,
its lower lip pubescent at the base.
In swamps and ponds, Delaware to I'lorida and Louisiana,
mostly near the coast. May-July.
»7
.
i
;;, I
CAMPANULACEAE.
[Voi,. Ill;
3. Lobelia cardinalis L. Cardinal-flower.
Red I/)belia. (Fig. 3502.)
I.ohrlia tardinalh I,. Sp. PI. 931). 175.1.
Perennial by offsets; stem slightly pubescent, or
glabrous, leafy, simple or rarely branched, 2°-4J'^°
high. Leaves oblong, oval, ovatc-lanccolale, or
lanceolate, thin, glal)rous or sparingly pubescent,
2'-6' long, 'i'-i'A' wide, acuminate or acute at
both ends, crcnulatc or denticulate, the upper ses-
sile, the lower petioled; flowers racemose, com-
monly numerous, bright scarlet or red (rarely
white), I'-i^'i' long; bracts usually glandular;
calyx glabrous or pubescent, its lobes linear, elon-
gated, acute; corolhi-tube nearly or quite i' long;
larger anthers glabrous.
In moist soil, Now Hrunswick to Vlorida, west to the
Nortluvi'sl Tcrriliiry, Kinusas and Texas. July-Scpl.
4. Lobelia syphilitica L. Great Lobelia.
Blue Cardinal-flower. (Fig. 3503.)
I.obelia sy/t/ii/i/iia I.. Sp. I'l. 9,^1. 175,^
Perennial by sliort otfsels; stem sparingly pubes-
cent, rather stout, very leafy, usually simple, i°-,i°
high. I<caves thin, green, glabrous or sparingly
puberulent, 2'-6' long, >^'-2' wide, oval, oblong, or
lanceolate, acute or acuminate at the apex, nar-
rowed at the base, rcpanil-denticuiatc, or irregularly
crenate-dcntate, sessile, or the lower obovate, obtuse
and narrowed into petioles; flowers bright blue, or
occasionally white, io"-i2" long, densely race-
mose, leafy-bracted; calyx-lobes lanceolate, acumi-
nate, pubescent or ciliatc, the sinuses appendiiged
by large deflexcd auricles; corolla-tube 5"-6" long,
about 2" thick, the lobes of its larger lip oblong-
oval, obtuse, glabrous; larger anthers glabrous.
In moist soil, Maine and Ontario to Minnesota and
Dakota, south to Georfria, Louisiana and Kansas. Said
to hybridi/e with the preci-dinK species. July-Oot.
Lobelia syphilitica Ludoviciana .\. DC. Prodr. 7: ,177. 18,59.
Glabrous or very nearly so; le.ives thick, palo green, oblong or lanceolate, nearly entire, the
lower obtuse and spatulate: calyx-lobes sparingly pubescent; lobes of the larger lip of the corolla
aeutish. Nebraska to Louisiana.
5. Lobelia amoena Miclix. Southern Lobelia.
(Fig. 3504.)
Lobelia amoi-iia Michx. Kl. Uor. Am. 2: 152. 1803.
Nearly glabrous throughout, perennial; stem simple,
slender, leafy, i°-4° high. Leaves thin, oblongdanceo-
late, narrowly oblong, or oval, repand-dentate or denticu-
late, the lower petioled and mostly obtuse, 2'-6' long,
the upper sessile, acute or aeutish, smaller; flowers blue,
racemose, nearly i' long; bracts narrow and small, or the
lower foliaceous, glandular; pedicels \"-2]/2" long;
calyx-lobes linear-subulate, acmninate, glabrous, elon-
gated, the sinuses usually not auricled; corolla-tube 5"-
7" long, iy2"-2" hick; larger anthers glabrous, or pu-
berulent at the tip; lobes of the larger lip of the corolla
broadly ovate to oval, obtuse, glabrous.
In swanins. North Carolina to Florida; probably within
our iirea, ti gh not reported. July-Scpt.
Lobelia amoina glandulifera A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2: Part i, 4. 1878.
Smaller, stem very slender; leaves I'-j' long, mostly obtuse, glandular-dentate; bracts small,
very glandular; raceme som..'what secund; sinuses of the calyx sometimes slightly auricled, the
lobes commonly glandular. Southern Delaware and Virginia to Florida and Alabama.
Vol. III.]
BELLFLOWER FAMILY,
Jiiple,
liceo-
Iticu-
Jong,
plue.
the
long;
Ijlon-
[5"-
pu-
IroUa
kthiti
11878.
|iial1,
the
6. Lobelia puberula Miclix. Downy Lobelia.
(Fig. 3505-)
Lobelia piibei Ilia Slichx. I'l. Itor. Am. 1: 15^. 1803.
I'erennial, densely and finely pulierulent all over,
slightly viscid; stem simple, or rarely with a few
branches, stout or slender, leafy, i°-3° high. Leaves
oval, obloiiu, ovate, orobovalc, rather thick, the lower
pctiolcd, all obtuse or the uppermost acute, denticu-
late or crenatcdentate, the teeth often f;landular;
flowers blue, S"-i<)" lonjj, in lonj; spike-like racemes;
lower bracts, or sometimes all of them, foliaceous,
glandular; pedicels very short; calyx hirsute or pubes-
cent, its lobes narrowly lanceolate, elon>;atcd, usually
with small short rounded auricles at the sinuses; cor-
olla-tube about 5" long, i"-!^-^" thick, the lobes of
its larger lip broadly ovate, glabrous; larger anthers
minutely bearded.
In moist sandy soil, sontliirn New Jersey to Florida, west
to Illinois, Kansas and Texas. .\sci luls to 35i)ofl. in North
Carolina. .Aug.-Ocl.
7. Lobelia glandulosa Walt. Glandular
Lobelia. (Fig. 3506.)
Label in glandulosa Walt. FI. Car. 218. 178S.
I'erennial; stem slender, leafy below, nearly naked
above, simple, glabrous, or sparingly pubescent, i°-4°
high. Leaves elongated-linear to narrowly lanceolate,
thick, glabrous, strongly glandular-dentate, the lower
petioled, obtuse, often 7' long and 4" wide, the upper
sessile, acutish, shorter; flowers racemose-spicate, secund,
often few and distant, blue, nearly i' long; bracts nar-
row, glandular; peduncles very .short, sometimes with a
pair of glands near the base; calyx-tube often densely
liirsute, its lobes subulate, the sinu.ses not appendaged;
corolla-tube 5"-6" long, i"-ij-^" thick, about twice as
long as the calyx-lobes; larger lip of the corolla pubes-
cent within at the base, its lobes ovate, acutish; anthers
all bearded at the tip.
In swar.ips near the coast, southern Virginia to Florida.
July-Sept.
8. Lobelia spicata Latn. Pale Spiked
Lobelia. (Fig. 3507.)
Lobelia spicata I.ani. Kiicycl. 3: 587. 1789.
Perennial or biennial, pubcrulent; stem strict, sim-
ple, leafy, i°-4° high. Leaves thickish, pale green,
repand-dcntate, crenulate, or entire, the basal ones
commonly tufted, broadly oblong, oval, or obovate,
very obtuse, narrowed into short petioles, I'-^yi'
long; i'-2' wide; stem leaves sessile, oblong, lanceo-
late, or spatulate, obtuse, the uppermost gradually
smaller and acutish; flowers pale blue, 4"-s" long,
densely or distantly racemose-spicate, the inflores-
cence sometimes 2° long; bracts linear, entire; pedi-
cels very short, a.scending; calyx-tube turbinate, usu-
ally glabrous, shorter than its subulate spreading
lobes, the sinuses usually not at all appendaged; cor-
olla-tube about 2%" long and 1" thick.
In dry, mostly sandy soil, or in me.idows, Ontario to the
Northwest Territory, south to North Carolina, Louisiana
and Arkansas, .\scends to 25c» ft. in Virginia. June-Aug.
Lobelia spic&ta hirtella A.t(5ray, Syn. Fl.
Rough or roughish; bracts and caly.x-lobes hirsute or ciliato.
Territory, south to Michigan and Kansas.
Lobelia spic&ta parviflora A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 2: Part 1, 6. 1878.
Glabrous or nearly so; stem low, very slender; flowers only about 3" long; calyxlobes broadly
subulate. In a swamp at Lancaster, Pa.
Part I, C. 1878.
Manitoba to the Northwest
26o
CAMPAMI.ACKAR.
[Vol. III.
9. Lobelia leptostachys A. DC. Spiked
Lobelia. (Fig. 3508.)
I.obilia /i/</c>s/ac/ijs .A. nC. I'nKlr. T ,^76. 1S39.
Siiniliir to the preceding species; stem usunlly
stouter, pubcrulent or glabrous, 2°~.\" high. Hasal
leaves oval or obovatc, obtuse; sietn leaves spatu-
lato, oblong, or lanceolate, obtu.se, sometimes
slightly scabrous, denticulate or entire, or the up-
permost narrower and acute; spikc-likc raceme
elongated, usually dense; bracts linear, glabrous;
pedicels very short; calyx-lobes linear-subulate,
nearly as long as the corolla-tube, the sinuses with
subulate deflexcd auricles; flowers blue, 4"-5"
long.
Virprinia to Oliio and Illinois, deorgia
Jum-Aii|;.
Ill dry sciil,
imi Kansas,
10. Lobelia inflata L. Iiidinn
Tobacco. Wild Tobacco. (Fig. 3509. )
f.ohelia inflala I.. Sp. I'l. <i,v. 175.V
Annual, pubescent or hirsute, very acrid;
stem leafy, commonly paniculately branched,
i°-3° high. Leaves thin, repand-dentate or
denticulate, the lower oval or obovate, ob-
tuse, I '-2,'^' long, narrowed into short peti-
oles, the upper sessile, oval, oblong, ovate, or
ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, or the uppermost
acute; flowers light blue, a"-^" long, usu-
ally distant in somewhat spike-like racemes;
lower bracts foliaceous, the upper subulate;
pedicels 2" 5" long in fruit; calyx glabrous
or nearly so, its subulate lobes about as long
as the corolla; capsule inflated, 3"-4" long,
finelj' transversely veined between the ribs.
In fields and thickets, usually in dry st)il, Labra-
dor to the Northwest Territory,! leorKia, Nebraska
and .Vrkiiiisas. Called also Can-root, I'uke weed, .\stliina-weedaiul Bladder pod I.obelia. July-Nov.
II. Lobelia K^lmii L. Brook or
Kalni'.s Lobelia. (Fig. 3510.)
/.I'hi'lia A'lilmii I,. Sj). I'l. 930. 17,5,?.
Perennial by short offsets, glabrous through-
out, or sparingly pulniscent below; stem leafy,
erect, paniculately branched, rarely simple,
slender, 6'-2o' high. Lower and basal leaves
spatulate, obtuse, narrowed into short petioles,
sparingly repand-denticulate, or entire, e^'-ia"
long, ili'-^l'i' wide; upper leaves sessile, usu-
ally longer and narrower, linear, linear-oblong,
or narrowly spatulate, the uppermost acute;
flowers light blue, 4"-5" long,in loose racemes;
lower bracts linear-lanceolate, the upper subu-
late; pedicels nearly filiform, 4"-i2" long,
usually 2-glandular or 2-bracteolate near the
middle; calyx-lobes lanceolate subulate, longer
than the turbinate tube, the sinuses not appcn-
daged; capsule wholly inferior, not inflated,
ca.npanulate or subglobose, about 2" long.
On wet banks, and in wet meadows, Nova Scotia
to New Jersey, west to Ontario, the Northwest Ter-
ritory, Ohio and Michigan. July-Sept.
Vol.. III.]
HEI.Ll'LOWKR FAMILY.
261
(Fig. 351 1.)
rough-
leafy,
li tuple,
1 leaves
kioles,
|//_12"
usu-
Iblong,
] acute;
:emes;
subu-
lotig,
IT the
fonger
Ippcn-
[flated,
"g-
I Scotia
1st Ter-
12. Lobelia Nuttslllii R. & S. Nuttall's Lobelia
/.obelia f^tatilis Nutt. Ocn. 1: 77. 1818. Not Audr.
J.obelia Aiillallii K. &. H. Syst. 5: ,v>. 1819.
Annual, or perhaps biennial, glabrous throughout,
or pubcruleut below; stem weak, usually reclining,
very slender, loosely branched, at least when old, 1 "-3"
long. liasal leives spatulatc to oval, obtuse, mostly
petioled, 6" 12" long, slightly repand, or entire; stem
leaves distant, linear, linear-oblong, or slightly spatu-
late, longer and narrower, entire or sparingly glan-
dular-denticulate; flowers 2',i"-\" long, pale l)luc,
loosely racemose; bracts linear or the upper subulate;
pedicels filiform, 2''-.\" long, nuked, or minutely 2-
bracteolate near the base; calyx-lol)CS subulate, longer
than the depressed-hemispheric strongly ribbed lube,
the sinuses unappendaged; cip^ule depressed-globose,
half-inferior, about l" long.
In sandy soil. New Jersey and Pennsylvania to I-'lorida
and Georgia. June-Sept.
13. Lobelia Canbyi A. Gray. Caiiby's
Lobelia. (Fig. 3512.)
I obeli a Canbyi \. Cray, Man. l-;d. ,S, 284. |S()7.
.•\nnual, slightly puberulcnt, usually glabrous; stem
erect, slender, paniculately branched, or sim|)le, 2°-3'^
high. Stem leaves linear or linear-oblong, ^i '-!,'. 'long,
)i"~\}'i" wide, the lower obtuse, sometimes slightly
repand-denticulatc, the upper acute, narrower, entire;
flowers racemose, blue, 4"-5'2"long; lower bracts lin-
ear, the upper subulate; pedicels erect or ascending,
naked, filiform, l"-3" long; calyx-lobes liuear-sub-
ulatc, glandular-denticulate, equalling or somewhat
longer than the narrowly turbinate tube, mostly shorter
than the tube of the corolla; capsule oblong-turbinate,
2" long, shorter than the calyx-tube.
Swamps, New Jersey to South Carolina. July Sept.
Family 41. CICHORIACEAE Reichcnb. Fl. Kxciirs. 248. 1831.
ClIIL'ORN' 1'"aMII,V.
Herbs (two Pacific Island genera trees), almost always with milky, acrid or
bitter juice, alternate or basal leaves, and yellow, rarely pink, blue pnrple or
white flowers in involiicrate heads (anthodia). Bracts of the involucre in i to
several .series. Receptacle of the head flat or flattish, naked, scaly (paleaceous)
snKXJth, pitted, or honeycombed. F'lowers all alike (heads homogamous),
perfect. Calyx-tube completely adnate to the ovary, its limb (jjappus) of
.scales, or simple or pltimose bristles, or both, or wanting. Corolla gamopetal-
ous, with a .short or long tube, and a strap-shaped (ligulate) usually 5-toothed
liml) (ray). Anthers connate into a tube around the style, the sacs sagittate or
auricled at the base, not tailed, usually appendaged at the summit, tlie simple
pollen-grains tisually 12-sided. Ovary i -celled; ovule i, anatropous; style very
slender, 2-cleft, or 2-lobed, the lobes minutely papillose. Fruit an achene.
Seed erect; endosperm none; radicle narrower than the cotyledons.
About 6^ ffenera and 1400 species, of wide (teoKrapliic distributioti.
as Ligim.iklor.m:, and is often rcKarded as a tribe of the Co.mimisi r.\i;.
-Iv Pappus of scales, or of scales and bristles, or nunc see No. 18
Flowers blue or white; pappus of blunt scales.
I'lowers yellow.
Bracts of the involucre membranous, or herbaceous.
Pappus none; acheiies 20 30 nerved.
Pappus none; achenes H-io ribbed.
Pappus of rounded scales, with or without an inner series of bristles.
Bracts of the involucre thickened and keeled after floweriuK; pappus none
■X- ■:-;- Pappus, at least some of it, of plumose IJristles.
Receptacle chalTy.
Receptitcle naked.
Plume-branches of the pappus not interwebbed.
I'Mowers yellow; plants scapose, the leaves basal.
Flowers yellow; plants leafy-steninied.
The family is also known
Ciilioi iiiiii.
/.af)saini.
Seriiiiii.
Adopoiion.
A rnoseris.
6. Hyfiochaeris.
S.
I.eoiilodon.
I'icris.
262
CICHORIACKAR.
[Vol,. III.
ClioHil) ilia.
7 II nixiu II III.
Smif/iiis.
/.tir/iua.
.Ii;nsfii'<.
A'ti/lioialais.
.S';7///n(.
Ciffiis.
I'lciwcrs pink. 9. Pliloiia,
^luIm•■braIU■lle^' of till' |>api)us ititcrwulilH'd, in. Tiii);i>f<i>i;i>n
.V. .V. .;.;. Pappus of simple bristles lof soft white scales with or without bristles in No. 181.
t Receptacle uilli a fi-.i (let idiioiis hiistli"^: floireis yellow. n. Afalacolhi i \
ft A'err/>/aile naked.
I. .^chiiR's spitiulosc. i>r with short processes near the suiiiniit.
Heads few- (615) (lowered, yellow; stem l)raiuhiiiK. 12.
Heads niaiiy-llowered, yellow, solitary 011 scai)es. 1,5.
2. .\cheiies smooth, or i)apillosc, not spintilose toward the suiiiinit.
(a) Acheiies flattened.
Aclieiies truncate, not heakitl; (lowers yellow. I |.
.Vchen^s narrowed at the summit, or l)eaked; (lowers blue or yellow. 15.
(b) Achenes cylindric, or prismatic,
.Vchcnes terete, not narrowed either at the I) ise or summit; (lowers pink or purple. iTi, f.yi;otlesiiiia
Achenes narrowed at the bise, narrowed or beaked at the summit; (lowers yellow.
.Vchenes slender beaked.
rapimsbristli s not surrounded by a villous rinj; at base.
I'lijipus of sleiidir simi)le bristles. 17.
I'.ippus of narrow soft sc.des, with or without some slender bri.stles. is.
Pappus bristles surrounded by a villous white rinj; at base. nj.
Achenes merely narrowed above, not beaked. 20.
.\clienes narrowed at the base, otherwise columnar, truncate 1 except in 2 species of /fii'iaeiiiill)
I'lowers yellow, oraiiRe, or red. 21. llieiaeium.
I'lowers white, cream-color, or purple. 22. .Xahalii.',.
I. CICHORIUM L. Sp. PI. 813. 175.V
ICrecl braiu-hinj; lierb.s, with alternate and basal leaves, those of the stem ami branches
usually very small and bract-like, ami birj;e heads of blue purple pink or white flowers,
peduucled, or in sessile clusters alon.^ tlie l)ranclies. Involucre of 2 series of herbaceous
l)racts, the outer somewhat spreading, the inner erect and subtending, or partly enclosing,
the outer achcties. Receptacle flat, naked, or slightly finibrillate. Rays truncate and 5-
toothed at the apex. .Xnthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches slender, obtusisli.
.Vcheues 5-angled or 5-ribbcd, truncate, not beaked. Pappus of 2 or 3 scries of short blunt
scales. [I'roni the .Vrabic name.]
About S species, natives of the Old World.
I. Cichorium Intybus L. Chicory. Wild
Succory. HI tie Sailors. Btiiik. (Fig. 3513. )
Ciclioi iiim fnlyhiis I,. Sp. 1*1. 81 ;. I7,s,i.
Perennial from a long deej) tap-root; stems slightly
hispid, stiff, much branched, l°-3° high. Hasal leaves
spreading on the ground, runcinate-pinnatifid, sjiatuhite
in outline, 3'-6' long, narrowed into long petioles; up-
per leaves much smaller, lanceolate or oblong, lobed or
entire, clasping and auricled at the base; heads numer-
ous, I'-i'/i' broad, 1-4 together in sessile clusters on the
nearly naked or bracted branches; inner bracts of the in-
volucre about 8; flowers bright blue, or sometimes white.
Roadsides, fields and waste places. Nova Scotia to Minne-
sota, North Carolina, Nebraska and Missouri. Abundant
eastward. The (;romid-u]) root is used as a substitute or adul-
terant for colTee. Flowers usually closed by noon. July -Oct.
Cichorium Intybus divaricatum DC. I'rodr. 7: 84. iS-^S.
Some or all the heads on stout spreadintf peihiiiclcs \' -\'
lotifr. I're(|uent with the type.
2. LAPSANA L.
PI. 811
ovate, repand-deiitate, obtuse, thin
.'\nnnal erect branching herbs, with alternate dentate
or pinnatifid lcaves,and small panicled slender-pedunclcd
heads of yellow flowers. Involucre nearly cylindric, its
principal bracts in 1 series, nearly equal, with a few ex-
terior small ones at the base. Receptacle flat, naked.
Rays truncate and 5-toothed at the apex. Anthers sagit-
tate at the base. Style-branches slender. Achenes obo-
vate-oblong, 20-30-nerved, somewhat flattened, narrowed
below, rounded at the summit. Pappus none. [Greek,
Inmpsaiia, the name of a crucifer.]
.^bout ') species, natives of the Old World.
I. Lapsana communis L. Nipplewort.
Succory Dock-cress. (Fig. 3514.)
I.apsana cn»imuni.<i I,. Sp. PI. 811. 175.V
Stem paniculatcly branched, glabrous above, more or
less hispid-pubescent below, . -3^4° bigh. Lower leaves
pubescent, or glabratc, pctioled, 2'-4'' long, often with
Vor,. III.]
CHICORY FAMIKY.
263
2-6 lobes oil the petiole, the iipperiiinst ol)loiij; or lanceolate, sessile, acute, much smaller,
mostly entire; heads very numerous, y,"-W' broad; involucre jblon(»-cylindric, 2" }," high,
of about 8 linear (glaucous princi]>al bracts and several very small outer ones.
.\lon>f roadsidis and in wastf places, yiii-bi'c ami Ontario In NfW Jersey and Pennsylvania. Also
on llie Pacific Coast. .\alnrali/ed from ICnropc. Called also ISol^an leaves, llalloKan. Jnne-Sept.
3, SERINIA Raf. Fl. I.iuUn. 149. 1817.
[.Xi-ocoN- V.W. Hot. S. C. i\: C.a. 2: 267. 1H24 1
Low ulaucescent brancliinj; annual herbs, with alternate clasping entire or lobed leaves,
or those of the stem .sometimes appcarinj; as if opposite, and few small long-pedunelcd heads
of yellow flowers. Invfdiicre broadly canipaiiulatc, its bracts about S, ecpial, membranous,
becoming concave after floweritif;. Keceptaclc flat, naked. Rays truncate and 5-toothcd at
the apex. Anthers .sagittate at the base. Style-branches slender. .Achenes obovoid, S-io-
ribbed, contracted at the base, rounded at the summit. I'appus none, or a mere vestige,
[(ireek, small chicory.]
Three known species, natives of the soutlurn Initid Stales.
I. Serinia oppositifolia (Raf.) Kunt/.e.
Serinia. (Fig. .^515.)
AOvX'/" <l/>^l.v////;<//'(^ Kaf. I'l. I.iidov. 57. I'^ir-
Apoi^on hiinnlis V.W. Hot. .S. C \ Ga. 2: 2U-. 1824.
Seiiiiia oppo.si/ifoha Kuntze, Rev. ("■en. PI. ,564. 1891.
Glabrous throughout, or slightly glandular-pubesccnt
along the ends of the peduncles, branched from the base,
4'-io' high. Hasal and lower leaves petiolcd, oblong-lan-
ceolate or spatulate in outline, acute or ol)tuse, entire,
lobed or ])iniiatifid, ,^'-5' long, 2"-6" wide; upper leaves
mainly .sessile, clasping, alternate, or appearing as if oppo-
site, u.sually entire, smaller; i)eduncles very slender, some-
times 4' long; heads 1 H"-!" broad; bracts of the involucre
acute or acumiuate, about the length of the rays.
In fields, Missouri (aceonlinu to Tracy 1; Kansas to Te.\as, east
to .South Carolina and Florida. March-May.
4. ADOPOGON Xcck. IClem. i; 55. 1790.
[Kkic.i.\ Sclireb. C.en. I'l. ,s;,2, 1791.]
Annual or perennial herbs, with scapose or leafy steins, basal or alternate, entire sinuate-
dentate or pinnaliful leaves, and small or middlc-si/ed heads of yellow or orange flowers,
solitary at the cud of the scape or its branches. Involucre campanulate, its herbaceous bracts
in 1 or 2 scries, with no exterior shorter ones. Receptacle flat, naked. Rays truncate and 5-
toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches slender, obtusish.
Achenes turbinate or oblong, 1,5-20-ribhed, truncate. Pappus in i or 2 series, the outer of
thin broad rounded scales, the inner of slender naked bristles, or these sometimes wanting
in the southwestern .'/. iHriiicnlale. [Greek, a pleasing beard.]
Five known species, natives of North .Vmcrica.
Stem i-lcaved and branched above, bearing 2-6 heads. i. A. I'hginicnni.
Scape naked, monoceplialons.
Head about 1' broad; pappus bristles 12-20; perennial. 2. .1. Dandelion.
Head .s"-?" broad; paj)])us-bristles 5-7; annuals.
lir.acts of the involucre ,s-8. remaining erect, firm, keeled. 3. .(. occidenlale.
Uracts of the involucre S-kS, at length rellexed, thin. 4. .1. Carolinian urn.
I. Adopogon Virginicum (L,.) Kuntze.
Cynthia. Virginia Goatsbeard. (Fig. 3516.)
'J'lat^o/ioffon /7;;(^;«/V«»; I,. Sp. PI. 7Sq. 17,S3.
A'l if^ia amplevuaiilis Nutt. Gen. 2; 127. 181S.
Cviilliia I'iri^inira Don, lidinb. Phil. J(mrn. 12; 309. 1S29.
Adofio);on I'iiginicuni Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 304. 1891.
Perennial, glabrous and glaucous; stem l°-2'^ high,
l-leaved and branched above, bearing 2-6 long-pedun-
clcd heads at its summit and an oblong clasping leaf
below the middle. Hasal leaves tufted, runciuate, sin-
uate, denticulate, or entire, 2'-7' long, narrowed into
margined petioles; heads about i^^' broad; involucre
of 9-15 lanceolate nerveless bracts 3"-4" long; achenes
nearly oblong; pappus of 10-15 small oblong scales
and an equal or greater number of capillary bristles;
flowers orange to reddish orange.
In moist woods and meadows, Massacliu.setts to southern
Ontario and Manitoba, GeorKia, Kentucky, Missouri and
Kansas. Ascends to 4000 ft. in \'irginia. May-Oct.
il
ciciK)Ri.\ci;.\i';
/fir''
[Vol. hi.
■ 3. Adopogon Dandelion (I<.)
Kntit/e. Dwarf Dniidelion or
Goalsl)ear<l. (I'lR. 3517- )
Traf,'(>^<ii;i'n /hnuliliou I,. S|). IM. IJd. 2, 11 11.
'7'',V
A >;,(,"(' /><i>iiie/i(iit Null, (li'ii. 2: 127. iSiM.
CvHihia Ihimleliiiii DC. I'rixlr. 7: H<), iS_(S.
.\(iiif>ogoii Pandflion Kuiit/e, Rev. Gin. PI. 104.
I8<)i.
rcrcnniul, iicaulescctit, ^tahrous and some-
what glaucous; scape h'-iS' lii>;li, slender,
lealless, with a single head. Stolons filiforni,
t)cartng globose tubers; leavesall basal, tufted,
linear-lanceolate tospatulate, entire, dcntiL-u-
late, sinuate, or pinnatifid, narrowed at the
base, 3'-6' long, j" -5" wide; head about 1'
broad; involucre nearly '-j' high; pappus sim-
ilar to that of the preceding species.
In moist soil, Maryland to I'lorida, west to Kan-
sas and Tfxas. April-June.
3. Adopogon occidentale (Nutt.)
Kuntze. Western Dwarf Damlelion.
(Fig. 3518.)
A'l iff/a ottidfiilali.s Nutt.Journ. Acad. I'hila. 7: 101.
•S34.
Aaopoifon occuleiilale Kutitze, Ktv. C.cn. I'l. i(>t.
1891'.
Annual, acaulesccnt; scapes tufted, 2'-S' high,
usually glandular, at least above, bearing a sin-
gle head $"~in" broad. Leaves basal, lanceo-
late to obovate, entire to pinuatilid, mostly
shorter than the scapes; involucre 2"-;," high,
its bracts 5-S, lanceolate, becoming ovate-lan-
ceolate to ovate, firm and keeled at maturity,
remaining crec*,; achenes turbinate, transversely
wrinkled; pappus of 5 obovate scales and usu-
ally 5 alternating bristles.
I'rairies, soulliern Missouri to 'IVx.is.
4. Adopogon Carolinianum (Walt.)
Brittoii. Caroliiiia Dwarf Datulelion.
Krigia. (Fig. 3519.)
I/liisffis I'hginua I,. Sp. PI. 8<k). 175,^ Not
Tia^opt>);oH I'l'ri; inn nm \,. 1753.
Jfvoseri.s Caid/iiiiaiia Walt. I'l. Car. i(>(. 17^8.
Krifria I'hgiiiicaW'WM. .S)). I'l. 3; ifiiS. 1804.
A'n'x'ia Caniliniana Null. (Jen. 2: 126. i8i^.
.\ilof>(ii;oii Carol inianiim Hrittou, Mem. Torr. Club,
5: 346. 1894.
.Vnnual, acaulcscent; scapes usually several
from the same root, very slender, glabrous or
hispidulous, nionoccphalous, I'-is' high, sim-
ple or sotnetimes branched at or near the base.
l.,eavcs commonly all basal, tufted, spatulate,
lanceolate or linear, pinnatifid, sinuate, lobcd,
dentate or rarely entire, \'~b' long, narrowed at
the base into usually margined petioles; hea<l
?i"-~" broad; involucre of 9-1S linear-lanceo-
late bracts, reflexed after the fall of the nar-
rowly turbinate somewhat 5-angled achenes;
pappus usually of 5 round short scales and 5-10
long capillary bristles.
In dry, sandy soil, Maine to Ontario and Minne-
sota, I'lorida and Texas. April-Aug.
Vol,. III.]
CHICORY FAMILY.
265
or
|iin-
|»sc.
lite,
led,
|ut
Erail
leo-
|ar-
Jcs;
-10
5. ARNOSERIS Oaertn. Fr. it Sein. a: 355. />/. 1^7. 1791.
.■\ low niitiual si'apose herb, glabrous, or nearly so, with tufted basal dentnte or nearly
entire leaves. Scapes several or numerous, simple or branched, upwanUy thickened below
the solitary heads of yellow flowers. Involucre canipaiiulate, its bracts in 1 series, narrow,
equal, thickened and keeled on the back after flowering, larely with a few outer minute
ones. Receptacle flat, pitted, not chaffy. Anthers sagittate. Style-branches obtuse.
Achenes oval, .S-io-ribbed, narrowe<l below, truncate, or with a denticulate margin. Pappus
none. [Creek, lamb-succory.]
A monotypic genus of western ICurope.
I. Arnoseris minima (L.) Diitnurt.
Lamb Sticcory. (Fig. 3520.)
Ifyosrih minima I,. S|). I'l. S;^. 1755.
.li HDsfi is />ii.u//(i CiiUTtn. I'r. iV Siiu. 3: VS.S. 1791.
Ani('\eris minima Duiuort. I'l. Htlif. 6v 1827.
vScapcs slender, .I'-ia' high, leafless, simple,
or with 1-4 branches mostly above the middle,
gradually thickened and hollow upward for a
space of an inch or more below the heads.
Leaves oblanceolate, obovate, or oblong, I'-j'
long, ,^"- 10" wide, usually coarsely and sharply
toothed, narrowed into margined petioles; heads
.S" broad, or less; bracts of the involucre linear-
lanceolate, acuminate, strongly keeled after
flowering, 2"-.|"long, curving over the achenes.
Mount Distrt Island, Maine. KuKitive from
Ivuropc. Also called Dwarf .Swine's- or Hog's Suc-
cory, Dwarf Nipplewort. Summer.
6. HYPOCHAERIS L. Sp. PI. 810. 1753.
Mostly perennial herbs, with scapose, often branched stems and mostly basal tufled
leaves, pinnatifid to entire, those of the scapes few, scale like, very small, or none. Heads
mostly large, long-pedunclcd. Flowers yellow. Involucre oblong-cylindric to campanulate,
its bracts herbaceous, imbricateil in several scries, appresseil, the outer smaller. Receptacle
flat, chaffy, .\nthers sagittate. Style-branches slender, obtusish. Achenes oblong to
linear, ii)-ribbed, somewhat narrowed below, contracted above into a long or short beak, or
the outer tnnicate. Pappus of I row of plumose bristles, sometimes with some shorter
simple ones. [Greek, for pigs, which ate fond of its roots.]
About 50 species, natives of ICurope, Asia and .South .\nierica.
I. Hypochaeris radic^ta L. Long-
rooted Cat'.s-ear. Gosmore.
(Fig. 3521.)
tfyfxhliaeiis ladicala I,. Sp. PI. Sii. 1753,
Perennial; stems several together, glabrous,
slender, i°-2" high, bracted, or rarely simple,
bearing a few scales. Leaves spreading on
the ground, oblanceolate to obovate in out-
line, pinnatifid-lobed to dentate, 2'-W long,
hirsute on both sides; involucre oblong-cyl-
indric, about \' high, its bracts glabrous, or
sparingly pubescent; heads i' broad or more;
chaff of the receptacle of narrow soft pointed
scales; achenes rough, all with very slender
beaks longer than the body; flowers longer
than the involucre.
In waste places, southern New Jersey. Also
in California. Adventive or naturalize<l froiu
Kurope. Native also of Asia. May-Oct.
Hypochaeris glabra I,., llie smooth Cats-ear, a
sni.nller species, with nearly or quite Rlabrous
leaves, fl-jwcrs scarcely longer than the involucre, and the outer achenes truncate, has been found as
a wail' in Maine, and is naturalized or adventive ou the Pacific coast.
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266
CICHORIACEAE.
[Voi,. III.
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Isij .1
7. LEONTODON L. Sp. PI. 798. 1753.
Perennial scapose berbs, with tufted basal, mostly pinnatifiJ leaves, branched and
-scaly, or simple and naked scapes, and large heads of yellow flowers, solitary at the end
of the scape or of its branches. Involucre ovoid or oblong, its principal bracts in i or 2
series, nearly equal, with several series of short outer ones. Receptacle flat, fimbrillate, vil-
lous, or somewhat honeycombed. Rays truncate and 5-toothed at the apex. Anthers sagit-
tate at the base. Style-branches slender. Achenes oblong or linear, finely striate, contract-
ed or beaked at the summit. Pappus of i or 2 scries of plumose persistent brownish bristles,
somewhat broadened at the base, or the outer scnle-like and simple. [Greek, lion's tooth.]
About 45 species, natives of the Old World.
Plant nearly (flabrous; .scape commonly branched; pappus-bristles all plum.:>se. i. L. aulumnale.
Plant somewhat hirsute: scape simple; outer pappus of outer achenes simple. 2. L. nudicaule.
I. Leontodon autumnikle L. Fall
Dandelion. Autumnal Hawkbit.
Lion's- tooth. (Fig. 3522.)
Leontodon aulumnale L. Sp. PI. 798. 1753.
Apargia autumnalis HofTm. Deutsch. Fl. V,A. 2, 1:
113. 1800.
Plant glabrous or very nearly so throughout;
scape slender, usually branched and scaly,
6'-2° high. Leaves narrowly oblong to linear-
lanceolate, pinnatifid into narrow lobes, or some
of them coarsely dentate, s'-S' long, 3"- 12"
wide, acuminate at the apex, narrowed into
rather short petioles; heads several, rarely soli-
tary, about i2"-»5" broad; involucre oblong,
glabrous or slightly pubescent; achenes tapering
into a short beak, or the outer ones nearly terete;
pappus-bristles all plumose.
In fields and along^ roadsides, Newfoundland and
Ontario to New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Ohio. Nat-
uralized from Europe. Native also of Asia. June-
Nov.
3. Leontodon nudicaille (I,.) Porter.
Rough or Hairy Hawkbit.
(Fig. 3523-)
Crepis nudicaulis L. Sp. PI. 805. 1753.
Leontodon Uirtum h. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 1123. 1763.
Leontodon nudicaule Porter, Mem. Terr. Club, 5:
348. 1894.
Plant more or less hirsute; scape simple,
slender, 4'-i2' high, minutely scaly, or naked.
Leaves linear-oblong to narrowly spatulate,
acute or obtuse, not acuminate, nearly entire,
coarsely sinuate-dentate or sometimes pinnati-
fid, 2'-5' long, y-8" wide, narrowed into peti-
oles; head solitary at the end of the scape, 5"-
10" broad; involucre canescent or pubescent;
outer achenes with an outer pappus of simple nar-
row scales and an inner one of plumose bristles.
In ballast and waste places about the eastern sea-
ports. Also at Seidersville, Penn. (Bechdoldt), and
on Vancouver Island (Macoun). Adventive from
Europe. June-Get
8. PICRIS I,, sp. PI. 792. 1753.
Erect hispid, mostly branching, leafy herbs, with alternate leaves (in our species), and
rather large, usually corymbose or paniculate heads of yellow flowers. Involucre campanu-
late or cup-shaped, its principal bracts in i series, nearly equal, with 2-3 series of small or
large exterior spreading ones. Receptacle flat, short-fimbrillate. Rays truncate and 5-
toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches slender. Achenes linear
or oblong, somewhat incurved, terete or angled, s-io-ribbed and transversely wrinkled, nar-
rowed at the base and summit, or beaked in some species. Pappus of i or 2 series of slender
plumose bristles. [Greek, bitter.]
About 35 species, natives of the Old World, one perhaps indig^enous in Alaska.
Outer involucral bracts linear; achenes not beaked. i. P. hieracioides.
Outer involucral bracts ovate, foliaceous; achenes short-beaked. a. P. ecMoides.
m
Vol,. III.]
CHICORY FAMILY.
267
I. Picris hieracioides L.
Hawkweed Picris.
(Fig. 3524.)
Picris hieracioides L. Sp. PI. 792. 1753.
Biennial, more or less hispid, much
branched, i°-3° high. Leaves lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate, dentate, or nearly
entire, the basal narrowed into petioles,
acute, often 6' long, those of the stem
mostly sessile and smaller; heads numer-
ous, %'-i' broad; involucre ^"-6" high,
its outer bracts linear, subulate, spread-
ing, the inner linear-lanceolate, acumi-
nate; pappus copious, nearly white.
In waste places, Illinois, Pennsylvania,
New Jersey, and in ballast about the seaports.
Adventive from Europe. Native also of Asia.
Very bitter. June-Sept. Old name Langde-
beef.
2. Picris echioides L. Bristly
Ox-tongue. (Fig. 3525-)
Picris echioides L. Sp. PI. 792. 1753.
Helmintha echioides Gaertn. Pruct. & Sem. a:
368. 1802.
Annual or biennial, branched, hispid; stem
about 2%° high. Basal and lower leaves
spatulate or oblong, obtuse, repand-dentate,
2'-6' long, narrowed into petioles; upper
leaves sessile and clasping, oblong or lanceo-
late, smaller, the uppermost mainly acute
and entire; heads numerous, rather crowded,
short- peduncled, about }4' broad; outer
bracts of the involucre 4 or 5, foliaceous,
ovate, acute, hispid-ciliate, the inner ones
lanceolate, membranous; achenes beaked.
In waste places. Nova Scotia and Ontario, and
in ballast about the seaports. Fngitive from
Europe. July-Sept. Called also Bugloss and
Bugloss Picris.
9. PTILORIA Raf. Atl. Journ. 145. 1832.
[Stephanomkria Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (II) 7: 427. 1841.]
Annual or perennial, mostly glabrous, often glaucous herbs, with erect, simple or branched,
usually rigid stems, alternate or basal, entire dentate or runcinate-pinnatifid leaves, those of
the stem and branches often reduced to subulate scales, and small erect heads of pink flow-
ers, paniculate, or solitary at the ends of the branches, opening in the morning. Involucre
cylindric or oblong, its principal bracts few, equal, scarious-margined, slightly united at the
base, with numerous short exterior ones and sometimes a few cf intermediate length. Re-
ceptacle flat, naked. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches slender. Achenes ob-
long or linear, terete or columnar, s-ribbed, truncate or beaked at the summit, the ribs
«mooth or rugose. Pappus of i series of rather rigid plumose bristles. [Greek, referring to
the feathery pappus. ]
About 16 species, natives of western and central North America.
Involucre about 5" high; pappus brownish, plumose to near the base. i. P. pauciflora.
Involucre about 4" high; pappus white, plumose quite to the base. 2. P. tenut/olia.
268
CICHORIACEAE.
[Voi,. Ill,
2. Ptiloria tenuifdlia (Torr.)
Raf. White-plumed Ptiloria
(Fig. 3527.)
Prenanthes f tenuifolia Torr. Ann. Lye. a:
210. 1828.
Ptiloria tenuifolia Raf. Atl. Joum. 145, 1832.
Lygodesmic minor Hook. Fl. Bor.Am. i: 205.
pi. loj A. 1833.
Stephanomeria »«»«or Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil.
Soc, (II) 7: 427. 1841.
Similar to the preceding species, but
commonly lower, bushy-branched, the
branches ascending. Basal leaves runci-
nate-pinnatiSd, those of the stem linear
or filiform, entire, or sometimes runcinate-
dentate, the uppermost reduced to small
scales; heads numerous, usually solitary
at the ends of the branchlets; involucre
about \" high ; pappus bright white, very
plumose to the base.
Plains and dry, rocky soil, Northwest Terri-
tory to western Nebraska and Texas to Brit-
ish Columbia, Arizona and California. May -
Aug.
I. Ptiloria paucifldra (Torr.)
Raf. Brown-plumed Ptiloria.
(Fig. 3526.)
Prenanthes? pauciflora Torr. Ann. I,yc. N.
Y. 3: 210. 1827.
Ptiloria pauciflora Raf. Atl. Joum. 145. 1832.
Stephanomeria runcinata Nutt. Trans. Am.
Phil. Soc. (11)7:427. 1841.
Perennial; stem rather stout, striate,
rigid, divergently branched, i°-2° high.
Basal and lower leaves runcinate-pinnati-
fid, \'-2%' long, },"-(>" wide, the upper
all short and narrowly linear or reduced
to scales; heads somewhat racemose-pan-
iculate along the branches, usually about
5-flowered; involucre A,"-h" bigh; rays
\"-2" long; pappus brownish, plumose
to near the base.
Plains, Nebraska and Wyoming to Texas
and California. Summer.
xo. TRAGOPOGON L. Sp. PI. 789, 1753.
Biennial or perennial, erect usually branched, somewhat succulent herbs, with slender
fleshy tap-roots, alternate entire linear-lanceolate long-acuminate leaves, clasping at the
base, and long-peduncled large heads of yellow or purple flowers, opening in the early
morning, usually closed by noon. Involucre cylindric or narrowly campanulate, its bracts
in I series, nearly equal, acuminate, united at the base. Rays truncate and 5 toothed at the
apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches slender. Achenes linear, terete, or
5-angled, 5-10-ribbed, terminated by slender beaks, or the outermost beakless. Pappus-
bristles in I series, plumose, connate at the base, the plume-branches interwebbed. [Greek,
goats-beard.]
About 35 species, natives of the Old World.
Flowers yellow; involucral bracts equalling^ or shorter than the rays. i. T. pratensis.
Flowers purple; involucral bracts much longer than the rays. 2. T. porrifolius.
Voi,. III.]
CHICORY FAMILY,
X. Tragopogon pratdnsis L. Yellow
Goat's-beard. Meadow Salsify.
(Fig. 3528-)
Tragopogon pralensis L. Sp. PI. 789. 1753.
Stem branched, i^°-3° high. Leaves
keeled, tapering from the broad, more or less
clasping base to a very long acuminate tip,
the lower sometimes 10' long and \' wide;
peduncles thickened at the top; heads 1'-
1^^' broad; bracts of the involucre about 8,
lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than or equal-
ling (rarely exceeding) the yellow rays;
marginal achenes striate, smooth or rough-
ened.
In fields and waste places, New Brunswick to
New Jersey, Ontario, Ohio and Manitoba. Nat-
uralized from Europe. June-Oct. Called also
Buck's-beard, Noon-flower, Star of Jerusalem,
Noontide, Joseph's flower, Go-to-bed-at-noon.
2. Tragopogon porrifdiius L.
Oyster Plant. Salsify. Purple Goat's
Beard. (Fig. 3529O
Tragopogon porri/olius L. Sp. PI. 789. «753'
Taller, sometimes 4^° high. Peduncles
very much thickened and hollow for i to 3
inches below the heads; heads 3^-4' broad,
very showy; bracts of the involucre linear-
lanceolate, acuminate, usually much longer
than the purple rays; achenes sometimes 2'
long, the outer ones covered with scale-like
tubercles, especially on the ribs below.
In fields and waste places, Ontario to New
Jersey, west to Minnesota and Nebraska, mostly
escaped from gardens, where it is common.
Native of Europe. Called also Vegetable Oyster,
Jerusalem Star, Nap-at-noon, Oyster-root. Nat-
uralized as a weed on the Pacific Coast. The
root is the familiar vegetable known as Oyster
Plant. An apparent hybrid between this and
the preceding species has been noticed at New
Brunswick, N. J. June-Oct.
XI. MALACOTHRIXDC. Prodr. 7: 192. 1838.
Annual or perennial, branching or scapose herbs, with alternate or basal, mostly pinnat-
ifid leaves, and long-peduncled panicled or solitary heads of yellow or rarely white flowers.
Involucre campanulate, its principal bracts in i or 2 series, equal or nearly so, with sev-
eral series of shorter exterior ones. Receptacle flat, naked or bristly. Rays traucate and
5-toothed at the apex. Atthers sagitUte at the base. Style-branches alender. Achenes
oblong or linear, glabrous, io-15-ribbed, 4 or 5 of the riba usually more prominent than the
others, truncate, or margined and 4-5-toothed at the summit. Pappus-bristles in 2 series,
the inner naked or minutely serrulate, slender, coherent at the base and deciduous in a ring,
the outer few (i-S), more persistent, or all deciduous in our species. [Greek, soft-hair, in
allusion to the soft pappus.]
About 15 species, natives of the western and southwestern United States and lower California.
CICHORIACEAE. [Vol.. III.
J. Malacothrix sonchoides (NuttOI"- &.G.
Malacothrix. (Fig. 3530.)
Leploseris sonchoides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II) 7:
439. 1841.
Malacothrix sonchoides T. & G. Fl. N. A. a: 486. 1843.
Annual, glabrous throughout, or slightly glandular;
stem branched, 6'-i2' high. Leaves somewhat fleshy,
oblong or linear-oblong in outline, pinnatifid and the
lobes dentate with mucronate-pointed teeth, the basal
ones i%'-i' long, narrowed into short broad petioles,
those of the stem smaller, sessile; heads several or
numerous, 8"-i3''' broad; principal bracts of the in-
volucre linear, acute, scarious-margined, the outer
short, oblong, obtuse, or acutish; achenes linear-ob-
long, margined at the ,9ummit by a 15-denticulate
white border; pappus-bristles all deciduous.
On dry plAins, western Nebraska and Kansas to Cali-
fornia and New Mexico. May-Aug.
12. CHONDRIlLA L. Sp. PI. 796. 1753.
Perennial herbs, with stiff divaricately branched stems, the basal leaves large and mostly
pinnatifid, those of the stem small, narrow, alternate, and few middle sized heads of yellow
flowers mostly solitary at the ends of the branches. Involucre cylindric, several-flowered,
its inner bracts in i or 2 series, nearly equal, with several series of small or minute outer
ones. Receptacle flat, naked. Rays truncate and 5-toothed at the summit. Anthers sagit-
tate at the base. Style-branches slender. Achenes oblong or linear, 4-5-angled, many-
ribbed, more or less spiny near the summit, abruptly contracted into a beak. Pappus of
copious soft white simple bristles. [Greek, lump, from the gummy matter borne on the stems
of some species.]
About 18 species, natives of the Old World.
X. Chondrilla juncea L. Gum Succory.
(Fig- 3531.)
Chondrilla juncea X,. Sp. PI. 796. 1753.
Stem rush-like, hirsute at the base, glabrous
above, much branched, i°-3° high. Basal leaves
runcinate-pinnatifid, those of the stem linear or
linear-lanceolate, acute, dentate or entire, ses-
sile, yi'-iyi' long, yi'''-i}i' wide; heads termi-
nal and lateral on the branches, short-pedun-
cled or sessile, \"-(i" broad; involucre glabrous
or nearly so, about ^" high, its inner bracts nar-
rowly linear; achenes muricate and spiny near
the summit, slightly shorter than the filiform
beak.
In dry fields and waste places, Maryland and Vir-
ifinia. Naturalized from Continental Europe. July-
Aug. Called also Naked-weed, Skeleton-weed.
13. TARAXACUM Hall. Stirp. Helv. x: 23. 1768.
Perennial acftulesceut herbs, with twsal tufted pinnatifid or sinuate-dentate leaves, and
larjfe heads of yellow flowers, solitary, or very rarely a or 3 together at the ends of naked
hollow scapes. Involucre oblong or campanulate, its inner bracts in i series, nearly equal,
slightly united at the base, the outer of several series of shorter somewhat eading ones,
often reflezed at maturity. Receptacle flat, naked. Rays truncate and 5-tootued at the sum-
mit. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches slender, obtusish. Achenes r^Moiig or
linear-fusiform, 4-5-angled, 5-io-nerved, roughened or spinulose, at least above, tapering into
a very iilender beak. Pappus of numerous filiform unequal simple persistent bristles.
[Name of some wild succory, probably of Arabic or Persian origin.]
About ao species, natives of the northern hemisphere and southern South America.
Outer involucral bracts reflexed; achenes greenish brown, the beak 2-3 times their length.
I. T. Taraxacum.
Outer involucral bracts spreading or ascending; achenes red, the beak not more than twice their
length. 2. 7". erythrospermum.
Vol. III.]
CHICORY FAMILY.
271
I. Taraxacum Taraxacum (L.) Karst. Dandelion. Blowball. (Fig. 3532.)
Leontodon Taraxacum L. Sp. PI. 798. 1753.
officinale Weber, Prim. PI. Hoist. 56. 1780.
T. Dens-leonis Desf.
T.of,
i4x>!
1 1 38.
their
trmum.
Hcinale Weber, Prim. PI. Hoist. 56.
' Fl. Atlant. a- 228.
T. Taraxacum Karat. Deutsch. Fl.
1880-83.
Root thick, deep, often 10' long, bitter.
Leaves oblong to spatulate in outline,
usually pubescent, at least when young,
acute or obtuse, pinnatifid, sinuate-dentate
or rarely nearly entire, rather succulent,
3'-io' long, ^''-2>i' wide, narrowed into
petioles; scape erect, 2'-i8' high; head
I'-a' broad; containing very numerous
golden-yellow flowers (150-200), inner
bracts of the involucre linear or linear-
lanceolate, the outer similar, shorter, not
glaucous, reflexed, all acute; achenes
greenish-brown, fusiform, spinulose above,
narrowed into a filiform beak 2-3-times
their length, which support the copious
white pappus, the fruiting mass of whi h>
becomes globose when ripe.
In fields and waste places. Perhaps indi-
genous northward, southward naturalized as a weed from Europe. Also in Asia and distributed as
a weed in all civilized parts of the world. Jan.-Dec. Called also Lion's-tooth, Cankerwort, Milk-,
Witch-, or Yellow-Gowan, Irish Daisy, Monk's-head, Priest's Crown, Puff-ball.
Taraxacum Tar^bcacum alplnum (Koch) Porter, Mem. Torn Club, 5: 349. 1894.
Taraxacum officinale var. alpinum Koch, Fl. Germ. & Helv. 428. 1837.
Outer bracts of the involucre spreading, ovate or ovate-lanceolate. Labrador to British Co-
lumbia, south in the Rocky Mountains to Utah and Colorado and in the Sierra Nevada to California.
Also in Europe. Probably a distinct species, and indigenous.
a. Taraxacum crythrospirmum Andrz.
Red-seeded Dandelion. (Fig. 3533.)
Taraxacum erythrospermum Andrz. in Bess. Enum.
PI. Volh. 75. 1821.
Similar to the preceding species, the leaves gla-
brous, very deeply runcinate-pinnatifid or pin-
nately divided into narrower triangular-lanceolate
usually long-pointed segments; scapes glabrous,
or pubescent above; heads rarely more than i'
broad, 70-90. flowered; bracts of the involucre
glaucous, the outer lanceolate, spreading or as-
cending, the inner linear, longer, each usually
with an appendage just below the tip; flowers
sulphur-yellow, the outer rays purplish without;
achenes narrower, bright red, or red-brown, spin-
ulose above, the filiform beak not more than twice
their length; pappus dirty white.
In fields and woods, Maine to southern New York
and Pennsylvania, and probably much more widely
distributed. Naturalized from Europe ? April-June.
14. SONCHUS L. Sp. PI. 793. 1753.
Annual or perennial succulent herbs, with alternate, mostly auriculate-clasping, entire
dentate lobed or pinnatifid, prickly-margined leaves, and large or middle-sized, peduncled
corymbose or paniculate heads of yellow flowers. Involucre ovoid or campanulate, usually
becoming thickened and more or leas conic at the base when old, its bracts herbaceous or
membranous, imbricated ia several series, the outer successively smaller. Receptacle flat,
naked. Rays truncate and 5-toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-
branches slender. Achenes oval, oblong, or linear, more or less flattened, io-20-ribbed, some-
what narrowed at the base, truncate. Pappus of very copious soft white simple capillary
bristles, usually falling away connected, nometimes with i or 2 stouter ones which fall sepa-
rately. [The Greek name of the Sow-thistle.]
About 45 species, natives of the Old World. Besides the following, another occurs on the Pa-
cific Coast.
37a
CICHORIACEAE.
tVoi<. III.
Involucre glandular-pubescent: heads nearly i' high. i. 5. arvensis.
Involucre glabrous; heads 6"-8" high.
Auricles of the leaves acute; achenes striate and transversely wrinkled. a. S. oUraceus.
Auricles rounded; achenes ri'jbed, not transversely wrinkled. 3. S. asper.
I. Sonchus arv6nsis L. Corn Sow-
Thistle. Milk Thistle. (Fig. 3534.)
Sonchus arvensis I,. Sp. PI. 793. 1753.
Perennial by deep roots and creeping rootstocks,
glabrous; stem leafy below, patiiculately branched
and nearly naked above, 2°-i\° high. Lower and
basal leaves runcinate-pinnatiAd, often 13' long,
spinulose-dentate, narrowed into short petioles,
the upper pinnatifid or entire, lanceolate, clasping;
heads several or numerous, corymbose-paniculate,
i'-2' broad, bright yellow, very showy; involucre
nearly i' high, its bracts a4 also the peduncles
glandular-bristly; achenes oblong, compressed,
with about to rugose longitudinal ribs.
In low grounds along salt meadows and streams, New
Jersey to Quebec and at Great Salt Uike, Utah, and in
fields and along roadsides, Newfoundland to Minnesota.
Naturalized from Europe. Native also of Asia. July-
Oct. Called also Dindle, Gutweed, Swine Thistle,
Tree Sow-Thistle.
a. Sonchus olerikceus L. Annual
Sow-Thistle. Hare's I^ettuce.
(Fig- 3535.)
Sonchus oUraceus L. Sp. PI. 794. 1753.
Annual, with fibrous roots; stem leafy be-
low, nearly simple, i°-io'' high. Basal and
lower leaves petioled, lyrate-pinnatifid, 4'-
ic/ long, the terminal segment commonly
large and triangular, the margins denticulate
with mucronate or scarcely spiny teeth; up-
per leaves pinnatifid, clasping by an auricled
or sagittate base, the auricles acute or acum-
inate; uppermost leaves often lanceolate and
entire; heads several or numerous, pale yel-
low, ^"-15" broad; involucre glabrous, (/'-
%" high; achenes flat, longitudinally ribbed
and transversely rugose.
In fields and waste places, a common weed in
most cultivated parts of the globe except the ex-
treme north. Also in Central and South Amer-
ica. Naturalized from Europe. Called also Hare's Colewort or Thfstle, Milk-weed, Milk Thistle,
Milky Tassel, Swinies. The leaves used as a salad
and as a pot herb. May-Nov.
3. Sonchus &sper (L. ) All. Spiny or
Sharp-fringed Sow-Thistle. (Fig. 3536.)
Sonchus oleraceusvax. asper. L. Sp. PI. 794. 1753.
Sonchus asper W\. Fl. Ped. i: 222. 1785.
Annual, similar to the preceding species; leaves
undivided, lobed or sometimes pinnatifid, spinu-
lose-dentate to spinulose-denticulate, the lower
and basal ones obovate or spatulate, petioled, the
upper oblong or lanceolate, clasping by an auri-
cled base, the auricles rounded; heads several or
numerous, 1' broad or less; flowers pale yellow;
involucre glabrous, about 6" high; achenes flat,
longitudinally ribbed.
In waste places throughout most of our area and
in tropical and South America. Widely distributed
as a weed in nearly all cultivated parts of the earth.
Naturalized from Europe. May-Nov.
1.1;.
Vor,. III.]
CHICORY FAMILY.
^73
15. LACTUCA L. Sp. PI. 795. 1753.
Tall leafy herbs, with small panicled heads of yellow white or blue flowers, and alter-
nate leaves. Involucre cyliadric, its bracts imbricated in several scries, the outer shorter, or
of I or 1: series of principal nearly equal inner bracts, and several rows of short outer ones.
Receptacle flat, naked. Rays truncate and 5-toothed at the summit. Anthers sagittate at
the base. Style-branches mostly slender. Achcnes oval, oblong or linear, flat, 3-s-ribbed
on each face, narrowed above or contracted into a narrow beak, which is somewhat expanded
at the summit into a small disk bearing the copious soft capillary white or brown pappus-
bristles. [The Ancient Latin name, from lac, milk, referring to the milky juice.]
About 95 species, natives of the northern hemisphere.
-M- Pappus bright white.
I. Leaves spiny-margined and often with spiny or hispid midribs; Powers yellow.
Heads 6-ia-flowered: involucre very narrow, 4"-6" high. i. L. Scariola.
Heads iJ-20-flowered; involucre broader.
Involucre 8"-g" high; achene about as lonp as its beak. a. L. Ludoviciana.
Involucre 4"-6" high; achene longer than Us beak. 5. L. sagitti/olia.
2. Leaves neither spiny-margiiied nor with spiny midribs.
(a) Achenes very thin, flat, contracted into filiform or tapering beaks,
Outer involucral bracts abruptly shorter than the inner; heads 4"-7" high; flowers yellow.
Leaves, or some of them, pinnatifid.
Plant glabrous throughout. 3°-io° high. 3.
Leaves, at least their midribs, hirsute; plant i°-6° high. 4.
Leaves entire or dentate, none of them pinnatifid.
Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate; achene longer than the beak. 5.
Leaves lanceolate; achene about equalling the beak. 3.
Outer bracts gradually shorter; heads 8"-io" high; flowers blue. 6.
(b) Achenes beakless or with short necks,'thickish; flowers blue.
Leaves oblong to ovate, acuminate, dentate. 7, L. villosa.
Leaves pinnatifid, the terminal segment commonly triangular. 8. /.. Floridana.
# -X- Pappus brown; flowers blue. 9. L. spica/a.
I. Lactuca Scariola L. Prickly
Lettuce. (Fig. 3537-)
Lactuca Scariola L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 11 19. 1763.
Biennial, green and glaucous; stem stiff, leafy,
usually paniculately branched, glabrous through-
out, or hirsute at the base, 2''-^° high. Leaves
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, spinulose-mar-
^ined, denticulate or pinnatifid, sessile or auricu-
late-clasping, the lowest sometimes 10' long and
3' wide, the upper much smaller; midrib spinu-
lose or hispid; heads 2"-4" broad, 6-i2-flowercd;
very numerous in an open panicle; involucre cyl-
indric, \"-\}^" thick, its outer bracts about
one-third the length of the inner; rays yellow;
achenes obovate-oblong, about as long as the
filiform beak; pappus white.
In fields and waste places, New York and Penn-
sylvania to Minnesota and Missouri. A trouble-
some weed. Naturalized from Europe. Aug-Sept.
/.. Canadensis.
L. hirsula.
L. sagilti/olia.
I.. Canadensis,
pulchella.
3. Lactuca Ludovici&na (Nutt.) DC.
Western Lettuce. (Fig. 3538.)
Sonchus Ludovicianus Nutt. Gen. a: 125. 1818.
J.actiica Ludoviciana DC. Prodr. 7; 141. 1838.
Biennial, glabrous throughout, leafy up to inflor-
escence, paniculately branched, a'-g" high. Leaves
oblong to ovate-oblong, acute or acutish, 2'-/^' long,
auriculate-clasping, spinulose-denticulate, sinuate-
lobed, or pinnatifid with spinulose segments; heads
i"-S" broad, numerous in an open panicle, their
peduncles bracteolate; involucre cylindric or ovoid-
cylindric, glabrous, W-f^" high, its bracts success-
ively shorter and broader, the lower ones ovate;
rays yellow; achenes oval to obovatc, flat, about the
length of their filiform beak; pappus white.
Plains and banks, Iowa, Minnesota and Dakota to
Kansas and Texas. July-Sept.
18
^74
CICHORIACEAE.
[Voi,. IIIv
3. Lactuca Canadensis L. Wild or Tall
Lettuce. Wild Opium, (Fig. 3539.)
I.acluca Canadensis L. Sp. PI. 796. 1753.
Lactuca elongalatA\x\\\.\ Willd.Sp. PI. 3; 1525. 1804.
Biennial Oi- annual, glabrous throughout,
-|ji|fc,afejU«^;»-» '5J&^/ i// (/\\\/-j somewhat glaucous; stem leafy up to the inflor-
^^Wl NfWlt W^f'i \\\ X<S\\1 escence, 3°-io° high, branching above into a
A'XA ^J\i/m\ir~^ \\V\ narrow panicle. Leaves, or some of them, sin-
V ''X \/r^if J^ M^~^^ \V\ uate-pinnatifid, those of the stem sessile or
auriculate-clasping, 2'-8' long, the uppermost
smaller, often lanceolate, acuminate and entire,
the basal often 12' long, narrowed into petioles;
heads numerous, i"-j," broad; involucre cylin-
dric, 4"-6'" high, its outer bracts shorter than
the inner; rays yellow; acbenes oval, flat, about
as long as the filiform beak; pappus while.
In moist, open places, Nova Scotia to the North-
west Territory south to Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana
and Arkansas. Called also Trurapetweed, Trumpet
Milkweed, Trumpets and Fire-weed. ]une-Nov.
Lactuca Canadensis mont&na Britton.
Plant i°-4° hiifh; leaves all lanceolate and entire;
bracts of the involucre purple or purplish. Pocono
Mountain, Pcnn., and Catskill Mountains, N. Y.
4. Lactuca hirsiita Muhl. Hairy or
Red Wood-Lettuce. (Fig. 3540.)
Lactuca Itirsuta Muhl. Cat. 69. 1813.
Lactuca sangtiinea Bigel. Fl. Host. Ed. 2, 287. 1824.
Lactuca elongata var. sanguinea T. & G. Fl. N. A.
a; 496. 1843-
Similar to the preceding species, but com-
monly smaller and less leafy; stem i°-6° high,
naked and pauiculately branched above, usu-
ally hirsute, at least below. Leaves, or most of
them, sinuate-pinnatifid, pubescent on both
sides, or on the midrib beneath, those of the
stem mostly sessile or auriculate-clasping, :>,'-^'
long, the uppermost sometimes lanceolate and
entire, the basal petioled; heads numerous, 2"-
3" broad; involucre glabrous, 5"-9''' high; outer
bracts shorter than the inner; rays reddish-yel-
low or paler; achenes oblong-oval, flat, about the
length of the beak; pappus white.
In dry soil, Maine to Ontario, Minnesota, Ala-
bama and Texas. Stem, peduncles and involucre
often red or purple. July-Sept.
5. Lictuca sagittifdlia Ell. Arrow-
leaved Lettuce. (Fig. 3541.)
L. sagittifolia EU. Hot. S. C. & Ga. a: 253. 1821-24.
Lactuca inlescrifolia Bigel. Fl. Bost. Ed. 2, 287.
1824. Not Nutt. 1818.
L. elongata var. inleg. T. & G. Fl. N. A. a: 496. 1843.
Biennial; stem glabrous throughout, or hir-
sute below, leafy nearly up to the usually pan-
iculate inflorescence, 2°-6° high. Leaves ob-
long, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, acumi-
nate or acute, entire or denticulate, the lower
rarely pinnatifid, sometimes spinulose on the
margins, those of the stem sessile or sagittate-
clasping, 3'-6' long, }i'-i}i' wide, the basal
and lower ones petioled; heads commonly very
numerous, 2"-^" broad; involucre cylindric,
j//-y// high, the outer bracts shorter than the
inner; rays yellow or reddish; achenes oval, flat,
longer than their filiform beaks; pappus white.
In dry, open soil. New Bninswick and Ontario to-
Georgia, Idaho and Nebraska. Called also Devil's-
Iron Weed. July-Sept.
Vou III.]
CHICORY FAMILY.
i8Ji-a4.
2, 287.
6. Lactuca pulchilla (Pursh) DC. I.arge-flowered Blue lycttuce.
Sonclius pulchellus Pursh, Fl. Am. S«pt. .■)03' 1814.
*1i
(Fig. 3542.)
I.acliica inlegrifolia Null. Oen. a:
Lactuca puUhetla DC. Prodr. 7: I.-54.
134. 1818.
1838.
Perennial, glabrous throughout, somewhat
glaucous; stem rather slender, leafy up to the
corymbose-paniculate inflorescence, i°-3° high.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, lanceolate or oblong,
acute, entire, dentate, lobed or pinnatifid, those
of the stem sessile or partly clasping, a'-S' long;
7"-iy wide, the lowest and basal ones some-
times pctioled; heads mostly numerous, 6"- 10"
broad; branches and peduncles scaly; involucre
well imbricated, 8"-io" high, its outer bracts
successively shorter, ovate-lanceolate; rays
bright blue or violet; achencs oblong-lanceo-
late, flat, twice as long as their tapering beaks;
pappus white.
In moist soil, westeni Ontario to the Northwest
Territory and British Columbia, south to Michifj^an,
Kansas, New Mexico and California. June-.Sept.
7. Lactuca villdsa Jacq. Hairy-
veined Blue Lettuce. (Fig. 3543.)
/.. villosa Jacq. Hort. Schoen. 3: 62. //. J67. 1798.
Sonchvs acuminalus Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1521. 1804.
Mulgedium acuminatum DC. Prodr. 7: 249. 1838.
/.. acuminata A. Gray. Proc. Am.Acad. 19: 73. 1883.
Annual or biennial; stem glabrous, leafy up
to the paniculate inflorescence, 2°-6° high.
Leaves oblong, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate,
acutely dentate or the teeth mucronate-tipped,
glabrous above, pubescent with short stiff hairs
on the veins beneath, sessile and slightly clasp-
ing at the base, or petioled, 4'-6' long, i'-2yi'
wide, the lowest sometimes lobed at the base;
heads numerous, 2,"-^" broad; peduncles usu-
ally minutely scaly; rays blue; invoLjcre
about ^" high, its outer bracts much shorter
than the inner, some or all of them obtuse;
achenes thick, oblong, little flattened, nar-
rowed above; pappus white.
In thickets, New York to Illinois, south to
Florida, Georgia and Kentucky. July-Sept.
8. Lactuca Florid^na (L.) Gaertn.
False or Florida Lettuce. (Fig. 3544.)
Sonchus Floridanus L. Sp. PI. 794. 1753.
Lactuca Floridana Gaertn. Fruct. & Sem. a: 362. 1791.
Mulgedium Ftoridanum DC. Prodr. 7: 349. 1791.
Annual or biennial; stem glabrous, rather stout,
leafy up to the large, paniculate inflorescence,
3°-7° high. Leaves deeply lyrate-pinnatifid, ses-
sile or petioled, 4^-12' long, glabrous above, pubes-
cent on the veins beneath, the terminal segment
usually broad, triangular, acute or acuminate, the
lateral ones lanceolate to oval, acute, all usually
dentate, or the leaves irregularly lobed; beads
numerous, s"-s'^ broad; peduncles commonly
scaly; rays blue; involucre about 6" high, its
outer bracts much smaller than the inner; achenes
thick, somewhat compressed, narrowed above into
■hort necks; pappus white.
In moist, open nlaces, southern New York and Penn-
sylvania to Illinots and Nebraska (according to Web-
ber), south to Florida and Louisiana. July-Sept.
276
CICHORIACEAE.
[Vol. III.
or some of the lower ones pinnatifid. North
g. Lactuca spic^ta (I,ani.) Hitchc.
Tall Blue Lettuce. (Fig. 3545.)
SoHcfius sfiicaius I.nr:i. Rncycl. 3- 401. 1789.
Mulgedium leucophaeum DC. Prodr. 7: 250.
1838.
Lactuca lencophara A. Gr.iy, Proc. Am. Acad.
19:73. 18)^3. Not Sibth. 1840.
Annual or biennial; stem usually stout,
glabrous, 3°-i2° high, leafy up to the
large, rather dense panicle. Leaves deeply
pinnatifid or lobcd, sharply dentate with
mucronate-pointed teeth, sessile, or the
lower narrowed into margined petioles,
glabrous on both sides, or pubescent on the
veins beneath, 5'-i2' long, 2'-6' wide;
heads very numerous, about 2" broad;
peduncles minutely scaly; rays blue;
achenes oblong, compressed, narrowed
above into a short neck; pappus brown.
In moist soil, Newfoundland to Manitoba, '
south to North Carolina, Tennessee and Iowa.
Ascends to 20C0 ft. in North Carolina. July-Oct.
Lactuca spic&ta integrifdlia (A. Gray) Britton,
Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 350. i8>j.
Lactuca Icncophaea var. integrifolia A. Gray,
Syn. Fl. I : Part 2, 444. 1884.
Leaves oblong, sharply denticulate, undivided
Carolina to Michigan.
16. LYGODESMIAD. Don, Edinb. Phil. Journ. 6: 311. 1829.
Perennial or annual glabrous'rigid branching herbs, with linear leaves, or the basal and
lower ones sometimes broader andipinnatifid, those of the stem very narrow and entire or
reduced to linear scales, and middle-sized 3-12 flowered heads of pink or purple flowers,
solitary and erect at the ends of the stem and branches, or sometimes racemose. Involucre
cylindric, its principal bracts 5-8, linear, scarious-margined, equal, slightly united at the
base, with several very short outer ones. Receptacle flat, naked. Rays truncate and
S-toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches slender. Achenes lin-
ear, smooth or striate. Pappus of copious somewhat unequal simple bristles. ' [Greek, twig-
bundle, from the numerous branches.]
Abont 6 species, natives of western and southern North America.
Heads solitary at the ends of the branches; leaves linear or subulate. i. L.juncea.
Heads racemose along the branches; leaves elongated-linear. 2. L.rosirata.
I. Lygodesmia juncea (Pursh)
D. Don. Rush-like Lygodesmia.
(Fig- 3546.)
Prenanthes jv.ncea Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 498.
1814.
Lygodesmia juncea D. Don, Edinb, Phil.
Journ. 6: 311. 1829.
Perennial by a thick woody root; stems
stiflF, striate, much branched, 8'-i8' high,
the branches erect Lower leaves linear-
lanceolate, rigid, entire, acute, or acumi-
nate, yi'-2' long, }i"-i%" wide, the
upper similar but smaller, or reduced to
subulate scales; heads (>"-%" broad,
mostly 5-flowered, solitary at the ends of
the branches; involucre 6"-8" high;
achenes narrowly columnar or slightly
tapering, truncate at the summit, about
8-nerved or ribbed, 2^ ''-3^'' long; pap-
pus light brown.
Plains, Minnesota to Montana, Missouri,
Nebraska and New Mexico. Often infested
by a globose gall 2"-5" in diameter. June-
Aug.
Voi„ HI.]
CHICORY FAMILY.
277
a. Lygodesmia rostr&ta A. Gray.
Beaked Lygodesmia.
(Fig- 3547-)
L. juHcea var. ro^lrata A. Gray, Proc. Phil.
Acad. 1863: 69. 1863.
Lygodesmia ros/rata A. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 9: 317. 18/4.
Annual, less rigid; stem striate, leafy,
paniculately branched, i"-3° high. Leaves
elongated-linear, acuminate, entire, 3-
nerved, the lower 3'-7' long, i"-i'/i^'
wide, the uppermost very small and sub-
ulate; heads numerous, 7-10-flowered,
about }4' broad, racemose along the
branches on scaly short erect peduncles;
involucre 5"-7" high; achenes narrowly
fusiform, narrowed or somewhat beaked at
the summit, 5-8-ribbed or -striate, 4''-5"
long, longer than the whitish pappus.
Western Nebraska (according to Webber)
to the Northwest Territory, Colorado and
Wyoming. Aug.-Sept.
17. AGOSERIS Raf. Fl. Ludov. 58. 181 7.
[Troximon Nutt. Fras. Cat. 1813. Not Gaertn. 1791.]
Perennial or annual herbs, mostly acaulescent, with tufted usually sessile basal leaves,
and solitary heads of yellow or rarely purple flowers at the end of a naked or bracted scape.
Involucre campanulate or oblong, its bracts imbricated in several rows, apprcssed, or with
spreading tips, membranous or herbaceous, not thickened after flowering, the outer ones
gradually shorter and broadci-. Receptacle flat, naked or foveolate. Rays truncate and $•
toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches slender. Achenes ob-
long, obovate, or linear, lo-ribbed, not flattened, beaked at the summit. Pappus of copious
slender simple white bristles. [Greek, head- or chief-succory.]
About 25 species, natives of western and southern North America and southern South America.
Besides the following^, some 20 others occur in the western parts of the United States.
Head I'-a' broad, achene» 5"-6" long. i. A. glauca.
Head i' broad or less; achenes about 3" long. 2. A. parzHJiora.
I. Agoseris gliiuca (Pursh) Greene.
Large-flowered Agoseris,
(Fig. 3548.)
T. glaucum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 505. 1814.
Agoseris glauca Greene, Pittonia, a: 176. 1H91.
Perennial, pale or glaucous, glabrous
throughout or a little woolly below. Leaves
linear, lanceolate, or oblong, entire, dentate
or pinnatifid, a'-io' long, a'^-io" wide,
acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base,
sometimes into margined petioles; scapes
stout, glabrous or slightly pubescent, longer
than the leaves, often \%° high; head i'-2'
broad; involucre oblong-campanulate, or
broader in fruit, commonly quite {;labrou8,
its bracts lanceolate, acuminate, often hya-
line-margined; achenes conspicuously beak-
ed, 5'''-6" long, when mature longer than
the copious pappus of rather rigid scabrous
or denticulate bristles.
South Dakota to the Northwest Territory, south to Kansas (according to Smyth), Colorado and
Utah. May-July.
CICHORIACEAK.
[Vot. HI.
a. Agoseris parvifldra (Nutt.) Greene.
Small-flowered Agoseris. (Fig. 3549.)
Troximon parviflorum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.
7:434. 1841.
Troxtmon glaucum var. parviflorum A. Gray, Syn.
Fl. i: Parts, i,v;. 1884.
Agoseris parviflora Greene, Pittonia, a: 176. 1891.
Pereiinial, glabrous throughout; scape slender,
much longer than the leaves, 5'-i5' high.
Leaves narrowly linear, acuminate, entire, 3' -8'
long, i'''-2^" wide; head i' broad or less; invo-
lucre cblong-ovoid, becoming nearly hemispheric
in fruit, (>"-%" high, glabrous, its bracts lanceo-
late, acuminate; achcnes conspicuously beaked,
about 4" "ong; pappus of numerous unequal very
slender bristles.
Plains, wetitern Nebraska to Manitoba, Idaho and
New Mexico. Called l'Iso False Dandelion. May-
July.
18. NOTHOCALAIS Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. (II) a: 54. 1886.
Perennial herbs, with basal tufted narrow undulate or crisped, tomeutose-margined leaves,
and large heads of yellow ilowers solitary at the ends of simple naked scapes. Involucre
oblong'Campanulate, its bracts in 2-4 series, lanceolate, acute, or acuminate, appressed, nearly
equal, the margins hyaline. Receptacle flat, alveolate. Rays truncate and 5-toothed at the
apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. Achenes fusiform, contracted or beaked at the sum-
mit, lo-ribbed or lostriate. Pappus of 10-30 white soft unequal narrow scabrous scales,
with or without some capillary bristles. [Greek, false Calais.]
Three known species, natives of western and central North America.
I. Nothocalais cuspid^ta (Pursh)
Greene. False Calais. (Fig. 3550.)
Troximon cuspidatum Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 742.
1814.
Troximon marginatum Nutt. Gen. a: 128. :8i8.
Nothocalais cuspidata Greene, Bull. Cal. Acad. ( II )
a: 55. 1886.
Leaves linear, long-acuminate, thick, pubes-
cent or glabrate, 4'-8' long, 1"-^" wide, some-
what conduplicate, their margins conspicuously
white-tomentose and crisped, or entire. Scape
stout, tomentose, at least above, shorter than or
equalling the leaves; head \'-2' broad; involu-
cre usually quite glabrous, nearly \' high;
achenes slightly contracted at the summit;
about 3''' long; pappus of 40-50 unequal scales
and bristles. '
In dry soil, on prairies and rocky hills, Illinois
to the Northwest Territory, south to Nebraska and
Kansas. Called also False Dandelion. April-June.
19. SITILIAS Raf. New Fl. N. A. 4: 85. 1836.
[Pyrrhopappus DC. Prodr. 7: 144. 1838.]
Perennial herbs (some species annual?), with alternate or basal leaves, and mostly large,
solitary or few heads of yellow flowers, borne on long, usually bracted peduncles. Involucre
oblong or campanulatc, its principal bracts in I series, nearly equal, slightly united at the
base, with several series of smaller outer ones. Rays truncate and 5-toothed at the summit.
Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches short, obtusish. Achenes oblong or fusiform,
mostly 5-ribbed, roughened or hirsute, abruptly narrowed into a long filiform beak. Pappus
of numerous soft simple brownish somewhat unequal bristles, surrounded at the base by a
villous white ring. [Name unexplained.]
Six known species, natives of North America and Mexico. Besides the following, a others
occur in the southwestern United States.
Vol.. III.]
CHICORY FAMILY.
279
•Stem leafy, usually branched; plant glabrous, or nearly so.
:Scape naked, monocephalous; plant hirsute, or pubescent.
I. S. Caroliniana.
a. S. grandijlora.
Sitilias Carolini^lna (Walt.) Raf. Leafy Stemmed False Dandelion.
(Fig. 3551.)
Leontodon CarolinianumWa.\t. Kl. Car. 192. 1788.
6'. Caro/t««a»ia Raf. New PI. N. A. Part4,85. 1836.
jyrrhopappus Carolinianus DC. Prodr. 7; 144. 1838,
Glabrous or nearly so; stem leafy, usually
branched, r'-5° high. Basal leaves oblong or
oblong-lanceolate, pinnatifid, lobed, coarsely
dentate or some of them entire, acute, acumi-
nate, or obtusisb, j,'-%' long, %'-iyi^ wide,
narrowed into margined petioles; stem leaves
sessile or partly clasping, the upper usually
lanceolate, entire and acuminate; peduncles
usually puberulent; heads i or several, I'-i'/i'
broad; involucre commonly puberulent or pu-
bescent, about i' high, its outer bracts setaceous
or subulate, spreading, the inner corniculate at
the apex; acbcnes 1"-^" long, tipped with a fili-
form beak of about three times their length.
In dry fields, Delaware to Florida, M'ssouri, Lou-
isiana and Texas. April-July.
2. Sitilias grandifldra (Nutt.) Greene.
Rough False Dandelion. (Fig. 3552.)
Barkhausia grandiflora Nutt. Joum. Phila. Acad.
7:69. 1834.
Pyrrhopappus scaposus DC. Prodr. 7: 144. 1838.
Sitilias grandiflora Greene, Pittonia, a: 180. 1891.
Hirsute or pubescent. Root tuberous-thick-
ened; leaves all basal, oblong or spatulate in
outline, deeply pinnatifid, 3'-;' long, \'-\)i'
wide, narrowed into margined petioles; scape
naked or sometimes with a small leaf near its
base; he ;d solitary, I'-a' broad; outer bracts of
the involucre small, short, subulate, the inner
•ones obscurely corniculate at the tip.
On prairies, Kansas to Texas. April-June.
ao. CREPIS L. Sp. PI. 805. 1753.
Perennial or annual herbs, with alternate or basal, mostly toothed or pinnatifid leaves,
and small or middle-sized heads, usually paniculate or corymbose, of yellow or orange flow-
ers. Involucre cylindric, campanr'ate or swollen at the base, its principal bracts in i series,
equal, with a number of exterior smaller ones. Receptacle mostly flat, naked or short-fim-
brillate. Rays truncate and 5-toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-
branches slender. Achenes linear-oblong, io-20-ribbed or nerved, not transversely rugose,
narrowed at the base and apex, beakless in our species. Pappus copious, of very slender white
bristles. [Greek, sandal; application not explained.]
About 180 species, natives of the northern hemisphere. Besides the following-, about 10 others
•occur in western North America.
Involucre glabrous
Involucre cylindric; plant pubescent below: introduced.
Involucre campanulate: plant glaucous; native, western.
Involucre pubescent, glandular, or canescent.
Foliage not canescent nor scurfy, sometimes hirsute.
Stem naked, or with i or 2 small leaves; western, native.
Stems leafy; introduced annuals or biennials.
Stem leaves narrow, revolute-margined, sessile.
Stem leaves lanceolate, clasping, not revolute-margined.
Involucre 3"-4" high; achenes lo-striate.
Involucre 4" -6" high; achenes 13'Striate.
Foliage cinereous, canescent, or scurfy, sometimes also hirsute.
Inner bracts of the involucre 5-8; flowers 5-8.
Inner bracts of the involucre 9-2}; flowers 10-30.
1. C. pulchra.
2. C.glatua.
3. C. runcinata,
4. C. tectorum.
C. virens.
C. biennis.
C. intermedia.
C. occidental is'
38o
CICHORIACEAE.
[Vol.. III.
I. Crepis pulchra L, Small-flowered
Hawksbeard. (Fig. 3553.)
Crepis pulchra L,. Sp. PI. 806. 1753.
Annual; stem 2°-4}4° high, leafy and pubes-
cent below, mostly glabrous, naked and panicu-
lately branched above. Stem leaves oblong or
oblong-lanceolate, dentate, clasping by an auri-
cled base or truncate, pubescent, y-4' long, acute
or obtuse, or the uppermost lanceolate, acuminate
and entire; basal leaves runcinate, narrowed into-
petioles; heads very numerous, about 3" broad,
in a large naked panicle; involucre narrow, cyl-
indric, glabrous, about 5'' high, its principal
bracts 12-15, linear, acuminate, the outer ones
very short, ovate, appressed; achenes linear,
faintly lo-nerved, slightly narrowed above.
Along railroad near Culpepper, Virginia, very
abundant in 1890. Naturalized or adventive from
Continental Europe. May-July.
2. Crepis glSuca (Nutt.) T. & G.
Glaucous Hawksbeard. (Fig. 3554.)
Crepidium glaucum Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. See.
(11)7:436. i84t.
Crepis glauca T. & G. Fl. N. A. a: 488. 1843.
Perennial; scapose, or rarely with i or 2 leaves
on the stem, i°-3)^° high, glabrous and glau-
cous throughout. Basal leaves spatulate, oblan-
ceolate, or obovate, acute or obtuse at the apex,
gradually narrowed into margined petioles, en-
tire, dentate, or pinnatiiid, 2'-6' long, yi'-i'
wide; heads not numerous, long-peduncled, 6"-
12^'' broad; peduncles glabrous; involucre cam-
panulate, its principal bracts lanceolate, acute,
the outer ones very short, ovate, appressed;
achenes oblong-cylindric, slightly narrowed
above, strongly lo-ribbed.
In moist and saline soil, Nebraska to the North-
west Territory, Nevada and Utah. July-Aug.
3. Crepis runcinllta (James; T. &. G.
Naked Stemmed Hawksbeard.
(FJg-3555-)
Hieracium runcinalum James in Long's Exp. i: 453-
1823.
Crepts runcinata T. &. G. Fl. N. A. a: 487. 1843.
Perennial, similar to the preceding species but
not glaucous or scarcely so, often pubescent be-
low; stem leafless or with i or 2 small leaves, i°-
3° high. Basal leaves spatulate, obovate, or ob-
long, obtuse or acute, entire, repand, dentate, or
rarely runcinate-pinuatifid, 2'-6' long, %'-i}i^
wide; heads several, long-peduncled, nearly i'
broad;peduncle8glabrous or glandular-pubescent;
involucre campanulate, pubescent or glandular,
its principal bracts linear-lanceolate, acute, outer
ones short, lanceolate, appressed; achenes linear-
oblong, somewhat narrowed above, lo-ribbed.
In moist soil, Iowa to Manitoba, west to Utah and
Montana. June-July.
Vol,. III.]
CHICORY FAMILY.
281
4. Crepis tectdrum L. Narrow-leaved
Hawk.sbeard. (Fig. 3556.)
Crepis tectorum I,. Sp. PI. 80/. 1753.
Annual; stem sleader, puberulent or pubescent,
leafy, branched, i°-2° high. Basal leaves lanceo-
late, dentate, or runcinate-pinnatifid, 4'-6' long;
stem leaves sessile, sometimes slightly sagittate at
the base, linear, entire, dentate, or lobed, their mar
gins revolute; heads numerous, corymbose, (i"-\o"
broad; involucre narrowly campanulate, canesccnt
or pubescent, S^'-s" high, its principal bracts lan-
ceolate, acuminate, downy within, the exterior ones
linear, spreading; peduncles usually canescent;
achenes lo-ribbed, narrowed above into a short
beak, the ribs minutely scabrous.
In waste places and on ballast, New York and New
Jersey to Michigan and Nebraska. June -July.
5. Crepis virens L. Smooth
Hawksbeard. (Fig. 3557.)
Crepis virens L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 1134. 1763.
Crepis polymorpha Wallr. Sciied. Crit. 426. 1822.
Annual; stem stout or slender, leafy, corym-
bosely branched above, glabrous or somewhat
hirsute below, i°-2>i° high. Basal leaves spat-
ulate, pinnatifid, or dentate, sometimes 8'' long
and 2' wide, narrowed into petioles; stem leaves
lanceolate or oblong, clasping by a sagittate
base, flat, the upper mostly very small and usu-
ally entire; heads numerous, s'^-S" broad,
slender-peduncled; peduncles glabrous or glan-
dular; involucre oblong, more or less pubescent
or glandular, T/'-i," high, its principal bracts
lanceolate, glabrous within, the outer mostly
appressed; achenes lo-ribbed, smooth, slightly
narrowed at both ends.
In fields and waste places, southern New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and in ballast
about the seaports. Also on the Pacific Coast. Adventive from Europe. Very variable. July-Sept.
6. Crepis biennis L,. Rough
Hawksbeard. (Fig. 3558.)
Crepis biennis L. Sp. PI. 807. 1753.
_ Biennial, or sometimes annual; stem pubes-
cent or hirsute, leafy, at least below, branched
above, 2°-3° high. Leaves runcin:^le-pinnati6d,
usually hirsute, 2''-6' long, obloiig or spatulate,
the lower and basal ones narrowed into petioles
and sometimes merely dentate, the uppermost
lanceolate, clasping, their margins not revolute;
heads several, subcorymbose, \'-\%' broad; in-
volucre canescent or pubescent, \"-if' high, its
principal bracts linear-lanceolate, downy within,
the outer ones linear-oblong or lanceolate,
spreading; achenes oblong, slightly narrowed
above, i3-8triate, glabrous.
In waste places, Vermont, Pennsylvania, and in
ballast about the seaports. Naturalized or advent-
ive from Europe. June-Aug.
a83
CICHORIACEAE.
[Vol,. III.
Gray. Small-flowered Gray Hawksbeard.
(Pig- 3559-)
Crepis intermedia A. Gray, Syn. Kl. i: Part 2, 43a. 1884.
Perennial, cinereous-puberulent or scurfy; stem
rather slender, 1-3-leaved, i°-3° high, naked and
branched above. Basal leaves lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, laciniate-pinnatifid, long acuminate at the
apex, narrowed at the base, /^'S' long; stem leaves
lanceolate, sessile, less divided; heads several, 6"-q"
broad, 5-8-flowered; involucre oblong-campanulate, its
principal bracts 5-8, lanceolate or linear-oblong, canes-
cent,acutisb, somewhat keeled by the thickened midrib
when old, the outer ones few and short; achenes ob-
long, narrowed above, not beaked, strongly lo-ribbed.
In dry soil, western Nebraska (according to Williams)
and Colorado to California and British Columbia. May-
Sept.
3. Crepis occident&lis Nutt. Large-flow-
ered Gray Hawksbeard. (Fig. 3560.)
Crepis occidentalis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phil. 7: 29. 1834.
Perennial, scurfy and canescent, sometimes also hir-
sute; stem rather stout, leafy, branched, 6'-i8' high.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate or oblong in outline, lacini-
Ate-pinnatifid, acute or acuminate, the lower and basal
ones 6'-io' long, narrowed into petioles, the upper
sessile and slightly clasping; heads few or several,
corymbose, stout-pcduncled, about i' broad, 10-30-
flowered; involucre oblong-campanulate, canescent,
its principal bracts 9-34, linear, acute; achenes oblong,
sharply lo-ribbed, glabrous.
Plains, western Nebraska (according to Gray) and Colo-
rado to California, north to the Northwest Territory and British Columbia.
21. HIERACIUM L. Sp. PI. 799. 1753.
Perennial hispid scabrous glandular or glabrous herbs, with alternate or basal leaves,
and small middle sized or large, solitary corymbose or paniculate heads of yellow orange or
red flowers. Involucre cyliudric, campanulate, or nearly hemispheric, its principal bracts
in 1-3 series, the outer either regularly and gradually smaller or abruptly much smaller,
none of them much thickened at the base afler flowering. Receptacle flat, naked or short-
fimbrillate. Rays truncate and 5-toothed at the apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-
branches slender. Achenes oblong, columnar, or fusiform, not beaked, lo-is-ribbed, terete
or 4-5-angled. Pappus copious, or 1-2 rows of simple rather stiff persistent brown or brown-
ish bristles. [Greek, hawk.]
Not fewer than 300 species, natix'es of the north temperate zone and the Andes of South Amer-
ica. Besides the following, some 15 others occur in western North America. Known as Hawkweed,
Hawk-bit, or Speerhawk.
-X- Flowering item leafleu, or with 1-5 leavei.
(a) Stem scapose, with a single head only; introduced.
(b) Heads corymbose or paniculate.
I,eaves coarsely dentate; introduced species.
Leaves cordate or subcordate.
Leaves narrowed at both ends.
Leaves denticulate or entire.
Leaves mostly entire, spatulate to oblong; heads corymbose; introduced species.
Heads 8"-i 2" broad; flowers red or orange. 4.
Heads 5"-9" broad; flowers yellow.
Glaucous, slightly hispid. 5. H. praealtum.
Den.iely hirsute. 0. H. pralense.
Leaves, at least some of them, denticulate, mostly obovate or oval; heads corymbose-paniculate;
natives.
Principal bracts of the involucre glabrous, or nearly so.
Stem glabrous, or nearly so; leaves usually purple-veined. 7.
Stem pilose below; leaves green. 8.
Involucre and peduncles densely hirsute and glandular. 9
May-July.
1. H. Pilosella.
2. f/. murorum.
3. H. vulgatum.
H. aurantiacut%.
H. venosum,
H. Mariannm.
H. Greenii.
u
¥r *
Flowering stem abundantly leafy, at leaet below
) Principal bracts o? the involucre in a-4 series; heads corymbose
Leaves sessile, not clasping; involucre glabrous,
Leaves, at least the upper, clasping; involucre pubescent.
10.
II.
H. umbellalum.
H. Canadense.
Vol.. III.]
CHICORY FAMILY.
283
(b) Principal bracts in i series; heads small, paniculate or racemose.
I . Achenes columnar at maturity, truncate.
Plant nearly or quite glabrous; heads i5-2oflowered. 13. H. paniculalum.
Plants scabrous or glandular; heads i.s-so-flowered.
Peduncles stout, spreading; no tuft of basal leaves at flowering time. 13. H. scabrum.
Peduncles slooder, ascending; basal leaves present at flowering time. 8. H. Afartanutn.
2. Achenes spindle-shaped, or with a tapering summit at maturity.
Leaves and lower part of the stem pilose.
leaves and stem densely clothed with very long brown hairs.
14. //. Gronovii.
15. H. lottgipilum.
X. Hieracium Pilos611a L,.
Hieracium Pilosella L. Sp. PI. 800. 1753.
Stoloniferous, pilose-pubescent throughout; stolons
leafy, rooting, slender, 3''i-i2'' long. Scape slender,
erect, 4'-io' high, leafless, with a single head; leaves
oblong or spatulate, entire, obtuse or acutish at the
apex, narrowed into petioles, often white-tomentose
beneath, i%'-i' long, 4"-8" wide; head i' broad
or more; flower? yellow; principal bracts of the in-
volucre in I or 2 series, linear, acuminate, pubescent,
usually with i or 2 exterior ones; achenes oblong,
truncate; pappus a single row of slender bristles.
Dooryards and fields, Ontario, New York, Pennsylva-
nia and Michigan. Adventive from Europe. Called also
Ling Gowans, Pelon-herb, Mouse Bloodwort. May-Sept.
Hieracium Pilosella Peleteriinum Mer. Nouv. PI. Paris,
Ed. 2, 330. 1821.
Stolons shorter, thick; plant silky-pubescent. Fields
and roadsides, Prince Edward Island. Naturalized from
Europe.
Mouse-ear Hawkweed. (Fig. 3561.)
a. Hieracium murdrum I^. Wall
Hawkweed. (Fig. 3562.)
Hieracium murorum 1,. Sp. PI. 802. 1753.
Stem pubescent or glabrate, simple, or with i or
2 branches, i°-2}4° high. Basal leaves thin, ovate
or oblong, obtuse or acute, cordate or truncate at
the base, or abruptly narrowed into petioles,
coarsely dentate or laciniate, at least near the base,
2'-4' long, I'-a' wide, the petioles villous; stem
leaves i or 2 (sometimes none), short-petioled or
sessile; heads 2-several, corymbose, about i' broad;
peduncles ascending, usually glandular; involucre
^"-$" high, its bracts linear-lanceolate, acute,
glandular-pubescent, imbricated in 2 or 3 scries;
achenes columnar, truncate; pappus of slender
nearly white bristles.
Woodlands near Brooklyn, N. Y.; about Quebec.
Adventive or fugitive from Europe. Called also
French or Golden Lungwort. June-Aug.
3. Hieracium vulgMum Fries. Hawkweed.
(Fig. 3563.)
H. tnolle Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 503. 1814. Not Jacq. 1774.
H. vulgalum Fries, Fl. Hall. 128. 1817-18.
Similar to the preceding species, sometimes taller
and slightly glaucous; stem 2-5-leaved, pubescent or
glabrate. Basal leaves oblong or lanceolate, acute at
both ends, or some of them obtuse at the apex,
coarsely dentate or denticulate, petioled, 2'-5' long,
^'-i ^i' wide, stem leaves similar, short-petioled or
sessile; petioles more or less pubescent; heads several,
corymbose, smaller than thoso of H, murorum or as
large; peduncles mostly glandular, straight; bracts of
the involucre imbricated in 2 or 3 series, linear, acum-
inate, mostly glandular; achenes columnar, truncate;
pappus copious.
Labrador and Newfoundand to Quebec, and in southern
New York and New Jersey. Probably introduced. Also
in Greenland, northern Europe and Asia. July-Sept.
284
CICHORIACEAE.
[Voi,. III..
i'
4. Hieracium aurantlacum L.
Orange or Tawny Hawkweed. Golden
Mouse- Ear Hawkweed. (Fig, 3564.)
Hieracium atiranliacum L. Sp. PI. 8oi. 1753.
Stoloniferoufl, or stolons wantiug; stem leaf-
less or rarely with I or a small sestilc leaves,,
hirsute, slender, 6'-2o' high. Basal leaves hir-
sute, tufted, spatulatc or oblong, obtuse, nar-
rowed at the base, entire, or sometimes slightly
denticulate, a'-s' lonj;, %'-\' wide; heads sev-
eral, short-peduncled, corymbose, i"-\2" broad;
peduncles glandular-pubescent; involucre i,"-
^" high, its bracts linear-lanceolate, acuminate,
imbricated in a or 3 series, hirsute and some-
times glandular; flowers orange or red; achenes
oblong, truncate; pappus a single row of slen-
der brownish bristles.
In fields, woods and along roadsides, New Bruns-
wick and Ontario to New York, New Jersey and
Pennsylvania. Naturalized from Europe. Has
been thouffht to be native, but the evidence of this
is not satisfactory. Called also Grim the Collier,
Devil's Paint-Brush. June-Sept.
5. Hieracium praedltum Vill. King-
devil. (Fig. 3565.)
Hieracium praealtum Vill. Fl. Dauph. 3: 100. 1789.
Stoloniferous or stolons wanting; stem gla-
brous, or somewhat hispid, glaucous, slender,
i%°-2,° high, bearing 1-3 leaves near the base.
Basal leaves tufted, narrowly oblong, lanceolate,
or spatulate, entire, obtuse or acute at the apex,
narrowed below into margined petioles, hirsute
with stiff hairs, 1'-^' long, 3"-7" wide; heads
several or numerous, corymbose, \"-ii" broad;
peduncles mostly short, pilose and glandular;
involucre about 3" high, its bracts linear, acute
or acuminate, pilose and somewhat glandular,
imbricated in about 2 series; flowers yellow;
achenes oblong, truncate; pappus a row of slen-
der brownish bristles.
In fields, meadows and along roadsides, in north-
central New York; locally a troublesome weed.
Naturalized from Europe. June-Sept.
6. Hieracium prat6nse Tausch. Field"
Hawkweed. (Fig. 3566.)
H. pralense Tausch, Flora, 11: Part i, Erg. 56. i82&.
Stoloniferous, hirsute or pilose with long
hairs, those of the stem blackish. Stem scapose,
simple, i°-i° high, bearing 1 or a leaves below
the middle; basal leaves numerous, tufted, light
green, oblanccolate to oblong, obtuse, a'-s' long,
5"-io" wide, narrowed into margined petioles,
or to a sessile base, entire, or with few distant
minute glandular teeth; heads several or nu-
merous, corymbose- paniculate, 10" wide, or less;
flowers yellow; peduncles >;landular and often
tomentose; bracts of the involucre linear-
lanceolate, acuminate, glandular and pilose;
achenes columnar, truncate.
Dongan Hills, Staten Island, N. Y. Naturalized
or adventive from Europe.
Vol.. Ill,]
CHICORY FAMILY.
Field
7. Hieracium vendsum L. Rattlesnake-
weed. Poor Robin's Plantain. (Fig. 3567.)
Hieracium venosum L. Sp. PI. 800. 1753.
Stems solitary or several from the same root, slender,
glabrous, or with a few hispid hairs near the base, or
also above, leafless or with 1-3 leaves, paniculatcly
branched above, i°-2,° high. Basal leave.i tufted,
spreading on the ground, obovatc, oval or obloug-spatu-
late, mostly obtuse, narrowed at the base, sessile or
petioled, I'-Y long, %'-iyi' wide, usually purple-
veined, more or less hirsute, r jme or all of them glan-
dular-denticulate; heads comuionly numerous, 5"-%"'
broad, 15-40'floweredi slender-peduncled; peduncles
glabrous.orslightlyglandular; involucre about 3" high,
its principal bracts in I series, glabrous or nearly so,
with a few short outer ones; acheues columnar, trun-
cate; pappus brown, not copious.
Dry woods and thickets, Maine to Ontario and Manitoba,
south to Georgia, Kentucky and Nebraska. Ascends to 4200
ft. in North Carolina. Called also Early or Vein-leaf
Hawkweed, Striped Bloodwort, Snake Plantain and Hawkbit.
May-Oct.
8. Hieracium Marilknum Willd.
Maryland Hawkweed. (Fig. 3568.)
H. Marianum Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1572. 1804.
Stems usually solitary, slender, pilose-pu-
bescent, at least below, {>auiculately branched
above, 2°-3° high, bearing 2-7 leaves. Basal
leaves obovate or oblong, ascending or erect,
obtuse, narrowed at the base, sessile or peti-
oled, villous or hirsute, glandular-denticulate,
2'-S' long, I'-a' wide, not purple-veined,
those of the stem similar, smaller; heads
commonly numerous, corymbose-paniculate,
()"-\o" broad, 15-40-flowered, slender-pedun-
cled; peduncles more or less glandular and
sometimes canescent; involucre about 4'^ high,
its principal bracts in I series.linear-lanceolate,
acute, or acuminate, glabrous or nearly so, with
a few short outer ones; acbenes columnar.trun-
cate: pappus brown, not copious.
In dry woods and thickets, Rhode Island to
southern New York, Pennsylvania, Kentucky,
Alabama and Florida. May-July.
9. Hieracium Grednii Porter and Britton.
Green's Hawkweed. (Fig, 3565.)
Pilosella spalhulata Sch. Hip. Flora, 45: 439. 1862.
Not Hieracium spalhulatum Scheele, 1863.
Hieracium Marianum var. spathulatum A. Gray, Syn.
Fl. i: Part 2, 446. 1886.
H. Greenii Porter and Britton, Bull. Terr. Club, ao: 120.
1893.
Stem entirely glabrous up to the branches,
rather slender, leafless or rarely with i or 3 leaves.
i}i°-2}i° high. Basal leaves tufted, ascending,
spatulate, oblong, or obovate, obtuse, narrowed at
the base, mostly petioled, glandular-denticulate or
entire, villous-pubescent or somewhat hispid, 4^-7'
loog) }i'-^' wide; heads corymbose-paniculate, sev-
eral or numerous, 30-40-flowered, slender-pedun-
cled, 8''-io" broad; peduncles and branches canes-
cent-tomentose and glandular; involucre 5" high,
its principal bracts in i series, linear, acute, densely
pilose-glandular; flowers bright yellow; achenes
columnar, truncate; pappus brownish, not copious.
In dry soil, mountains of Pennsylvania to Virginia
and West Virginia. May-June.
286
CICHORIACEAE.
[Vol,. III.
10. Hieracium umbell&tum 1,. Nar-
row-leaved Hawkweed. (Fig. 3570.)
Hieracium umbellalum L. Sp. PI. 804. 1753.
Stem rather slender, glabrous or puberulcntr
sometimes hispid below, usually very leafy
nearly or quite up to the inflorescence, usual!/
simple, i°-2^i°high. Leaves lanceolate or lin-
ear-lanceolate or the lowest spatulate, entire,
denticulate or8ometimcslaciniate-dentatc,acute
or acuminate, narrowed to a sessile base, I'-y
long, 2"-6" wide, glabrous above, mostly
somewhat pubescent beneath, the margins com-
monly ciliolate; no tuft of basal leaves at
flowering time ; heads few or several, corymbose,
about i' broad; peduncles rather stout, canes-
cent; involucres s'^-y" high, glabrous or
nzz.x\" so, its bracts imbricated in a-3 series, the
outer spreading; flowers bright yellow; achenes
columnar, truncate; pappus copious, brownish.
Lower St. I^awrence River to Ontario, Minne-
sota, Nebraska, British Columbia and Oregon.
Also in northern Europe and Asia. June-Aug.
II. Hierarium Canad^nse Michx.
Canada Kawkweed. (Fig. 3571.)
JI. Canademe Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. a: 86. 1803.
Stem evfct,flrm,glabrate or pubescent, leafy,
i°-5° hiij'h. Leaves numerous, oblong-lan-
ceolate ovate-oblong, or lanceolate, acute or
acumiTiate at the apex, rounded, sessile,
and, r.t least the upper ones, clasping at the
base, i'-3' long, 3"-ia" wide, serrate or
inc'.sed, the margins sometimes ciliolate,
gl.ibrous or pubescent beneath, the lowest
somewhat spatulate and pctioled; no tuft of
basal leaves at flowering time; heads usually
numerous, corymbose-paniculate, about I'
broad; involucre about 6" high, pubescent or
pubcrulent, its bracts imbricated in a-3 series,
the outer spreading; flowers yellow; achenes
columnar, truncate; pappus copious, brown.
In dry woods and thickets. Nova Scotia to
Ontario and the Northwest Territory, south to
New Jersey and Michigan. July-Sept.
13. Hieracium panicuUtum I,, Pan-
icled Hawkweed. (Fig. 3572.)
Hieracium panicnlatum L. Sp. PI. 803. 1753.
Glabrous throughout, or somewhat pilose-pu-
bescent below, stem paniculately branched above,
leafy, slender, i°-3'' high. Leaves thin, lanceo-
late or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate at
the apex, narrowed to a sessile base, or the lowest
into petioles, denticulate or dentate, 3'-6' long,
3"-ij" wide; no tuft of basal leaves at flowering
time; heads i"-Y' broad, commonly numerous,
corymbose-paniculate, 13-20-flowered, peduncles
slender, often drooping; peduncles quite glabrous
or sometimes glandular; involucre about 3'' high,
glabrous or nearly so, its principal bracts in I se-
ries, linear, acute with a few very small outer ones
at the base; flowers yellow; achenes columnar,
truncate; pappus brown, not very copious.
Indry woods.Maine, Quebec and Ontario to Geor^a,
Alabama and Kentucky. Ascends to 4600 ft. in Vir-
ginia. July-Sept.
Vol. III.]
CHICORY FAMILY
13. Hieracium scllbrum Michx.
Rough Hawkweed. (Fig. 3573.)
Jlieruriam scabntm Miclix. Fl. Bor. Am. a: 86.
1803.
Stem stout, leafy, densely hirsute or hispid be-
low and glandular-pubescent above, strict, i°-
4° high. Leaves hirsute, obovate, oblong, or
broadly spatulate, 2'-^' long, i'-2' 'vide, obtuse
at the apex, narrowed to the sessile base or the
lowest into margined petioles, denticulate; no
tuft of basal leaves at flviwering time; heads usu-
ally numerous, 6"-9," broad, racemose-panicu-
late; peduncles stout, densely glandular; invo-
lucre 4"-s" high, glandular, its principal bracts
in I series, linear, acute with a few very small
outer ones; flowers yellow; achencs columnar,
truncate; pappus brown.
In dry woods and clearings, Nova Scotia to Min-
nesota, Georgia, Nebraska and Kansas. July-Sept.
14. Hieracium Grondvii I,. Grotio-
vius' Hawkweed. Hairy Hawkweed.
(Fig- 3574-)
Hieracium Gronovii L. Sp. PI. 802. 1753.
Stem stiff, mostly slender, leafy and villous
or hirsute, at least below, sometimes nearly leaf-
less, i°-3° high. Leaves villous or hirsute,
the basal and lower ones obovate or spatulate,
denticulate or entire, obtuse, 2'-6' long, usu-
ally narrowed into petioles; stem leaves mostly
sessile, oblong or oval, obtuse or acute, nar-
rowed or broad at the base, the upper gradu-
ally smaller; heads numerous, racemose-pan-
iculate, 5"-8" broad; peduncles glandular and
canescent, slender; involucre about ^" high,
somewhat canescent, its principal bracts in I
series, linear-lanceolate, acute, with several
very small outer ones; flowers yellow; achenes
spindle-shaped, with a tapering summit; pap-
pus brown.
In dry soil, Massachusetts to Ontario, Illinois, Florida and Louisiana. July-Sept.
15. Hieracium longipilum Torr. Long-bearded Hawkweed. (Fig. 3575.)
H. longipilum Torr. ; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 1 : 298. 1833. ^\\
Hieracium barbatum Nutt. Joum. Phil. Acad. 7: 70. -•■ -^ -*^ - ' '
1834. NotTausch. 1828.
Stem, at least its lower portion, and leaves
densely covered .with long brown rather rigid
bristly hairs yi^-i' long, arising from papillae.
Stem very leafy below, stiff, simple, 2°-^,%°
high; basal and lower leaves spatulate or oblong,
obtuse, mostly entire, 4'-8' long, narrowed into
margrined petioles, the upper lanceolate or spatu-
late, mostly sessile, the uppermost small and
bract-like; heads not very numerous, racemose
or racemose-paniculate, 8"-io" broad; pedun-
cles short, stout, tomentose and glandular; invo-
lucre 4"-5" Wgh. its principal bracts in i series,
linear-lanceolate, acuminate, with several short
subulate outer ones; flowers yellow; achenes fusi-
form with a slightly tapering summit; pappus
brown.
Prairies and dry woods, Ontario to Minnesota, Illi-
nois, Kansas and Texas. July-Sept.
a88 CICHORIACEAE. [Vol.. III.
aa. NABALUS Cass. Diet. Sci. Nat. 34: 94. 1825.
Perennial, herbs with alternate, mostly petioled, dentate lobcd or pinnatifid leaves, or the
upper auriculate and clasping, and numerous small heads of Ululate white yellowish or
purplish flowers in open or spike-like terminal panicles, or also in axillary clusters, usually
drooping. Involucre cylindric, usually narrow, its principal bracts in I or a series, nearly equal,
with a few smaller exterior ones at the base. Receptacle flat, naked. Rays truncate and
5 toothed at the summit. Style-branches slender. Achenes oblong or narrowly columnar,
truncate, terete or 4-5-angled, mostly lo-ribbed. Pappus of copious rather rigid simple white
to reddish-brown bristles. [Modern Latin, from an Indian name for Rattlesnake-root,]
About 20 species, natives of America and Asia. Besides the followinK, another occurs in north-
west America. Known by the general name of Rattlesnake-root or Drop-flower, The European
and African genus Prenanthes L., is distinct from this.
Mr Bract! of the involucre glabrous, or with a few acattered haira.
Heads 5-7-flowered; involucre very narrow, light green, i" thick; pappus light straw-color.
I. N. aUissimus.
Heads 8-i6-flowered; involucre broader, green, purple or glaucous, i%"~3" tbick.
I^eaves, or some of them, lobed, divided, or pinnatifid; involucre about iH" thick.
Pappus deep cinnamon-brown. 3. A^. albus.
Pappus straw-color or light brown.
Inflorescence paniculate.
Involucral Dracts with some stiff hairs, obviously shorter than the pappus; panicle-
branches divergent. 3. A^. serfienlarius.
Involucral bracts glabrous, equalling the pappus; panicle-branches a scending, or
upcurved. 4. A^. tri/oliolalus.
Inflorescence thyrsoid or glomerate.
Leaves palmately lobed or divided ; northern. 5. N. nanus.
Leaves pinnately lobed or pinnatifid: southern. 6. N.virgatus.
Leaves irregularly dentate or denticulate, oblong^; plant tall. 3. A'', serpentarius.
Leaves entire or denticulate; plant low, alpine; involucre 3%"-^" thick. 7. A''. Booltii.
4(. # Bracts of tlie involucre hiraute-pubeacent.
Inflorescence narrowly thyrsoid; heads 8-i6-flowered.
Leaves and stem rough-puberulent or scabrous. 8. A'', asper.
Leaves and stem glabrous, glaucous. 9. A^. racemosus.
Inflorescence corymbose-paniculate; heads 20-35- flowered. >o. A'', crepidineus.
I. Nabalus altissimus (L.) Hook. Tall White Lettuce, (Fig. 3576.)
Prenanthes altissima L. Sp. PI. 797. 1753.
Nabalus altissimus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 294.
1833-
Glabrous, or sparingly hispidulous, not
glaucous; stem slender, 3°-?° high, green,
or sometimes purplish. Leaves thin, has-
tate, cordate, ovate,or the uppermost lanceo-
late, entire.denticulate, dentate or palmately
lobed or divided, most of them long- petioled ,
the larger sometimes 6' long; heads very
numerous, in a narrow panicle, and often in
axillary clusters, 5-7-flowered, pendulous,
about 3''' broad; inflorescence often narrow;
involucre narrowly cylindric, 5''-f>" long,
about i'' thick, green, glabrous, its principal
bracts about 5; flowers greenish or yellow-
ish white; pappus light straw-color.
In woods and thickets, Newfoundland to
Manitotm, south to Georgia and Tennessee.
A plant from Missouri has bright brovm pap-
pus. Called also Lion's-foot, Rattlesnake-root.
Ascends to 3500 ft. in the Catskills. July-Oct.
Vol.. HI]
CHICORY FAMILY,
'.)
a. Nabalus 41bu8 (L.) Hook. Rattle-
snake-root. White Lettuce. (Fig. 3577.)
Prenanlhes alba I,. Sp. PI. 798. 1753.
Nabalus atbus Hook. PI. liur. Am. i: 394.
■833.
Glabrous and glaucous; stem conimonly pur.
pie, a°-5° high. Leaves hastate, ovate, cordate,
denticulate, dentate, lobed, or paltnately di-
vided, or the upper lanceolate.entire, thicker than
those of the preceding species, the larger some-
times 8' long; heads numerous, pendulous, 8-15-
flowered, about 3" broad, paniculate, or thyr-
soid, and often in axillary clusters; involucre
glabrous, or with a few scattered hairs, glaucous,
5"-7" high, about 1%" thick, its principal
bracts about 8, purplish, with several minute
outer ones; flowers greenish or yellowish white,
fragrant; pappus dark cinnamon-brown.
In woods, Maine and Ontario to Manitoba, south
to Georgfia and Kentucky Called also I,ion's-foot
and White Cankerweed. Aug-Sept.
3. Nabalus serpentdrius (Pursh)
Hook. lyion's-foot. Gall-of-the-Earth.
(Fig. 3578-)
Prenanthes serpentaria Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 499.
pi. 24. 1 814.
Nabalus serpentarius Hook. PI. Bor.Ani. i: 394. 1833.
Nabalus Fraseri DC. Prodr. 7: 241. 1838.
Glabrous or sparingly pubescent, green; stem
stout or slender, not glaucous, i°-4° high. Leaves
rather firm, similar to those of the preceding spe-
cies, equally variable in outline, often pinnatifid
or pinnately lobed, or palmately divided; inflores-
cence paniculate, the branches divaricate, up-
curved; heads numerous, about ■>/' broad, 8-13-
flowered, pendulous, paniculate, and commonly
also in axillary clusters; involucre more or less
bristly-hispid, rarely glabrous, green or purplish,
about I }i" thick, 5"-j" long, its principal bracts
about 8, shorter than the pappus, with several
minute lanceolate outer ones; flowers whitish or
cream-color, rarely yellow; achenes about 3" long; pappus light brown or straw-color.
In fields and thickets, Ontario to southern New York, Florida, Alabama and Kentucky. Called
also Canker-weed, Rattlesnake-root, White Lettuce and Snake Gentian. July-Oct.
Nabalus serpentirias iotegrifdlius (Cass.) Britten.
Nabalus integrifolius Cass. Diet. Sci. Nat. 34: 95. 1825.
Leaves oblong to oval, irregularly dentate, denticulate or entire. Long Island to North Carolina.
4. Nabalus trifolioldtus Cass. Tall
Rattlesnake- root. (Fig. 3579.)
Nabalus trifoliolatus Cass. Diet. Sci. Nat. 34: 95. 1825.
Glabrous throughout'; stem usually stout, 3°-9°
high. Leaves thinnish, the lower long-petioled,
usually 3-divided with the divisions stalked or ses-
sile, the upper short-petioled or sessile, all com-
monly lobed or dentate, but the upper sometimes
lanceolate, acuminate and entire; inflorescence
paniculate, the panicle-branches ascending, or
nearly erect; heads few in the clusters, drooping,
7- 1 2-flowered ; involucre pale green or purplish, gla-
brous, about i\i'' thick and 6" long, its principal
bracts 6-8, equalling the pappus, the short outer
ones ovate to lanceolate; flowers whitish or pale
yellow; achenes 2"-3" long; pappus light brown.
In woods and thickets, Maine to Pennsylvania, and
probably much more widely distributed. Aug. -Oct.
19
S90
CICHOXIACKAK.
[Vol. HI.
Prenanlhes I'iri^ata Michx. Fl.
Nabalus virgatus DC. Prodr. 7:
5. Nabalus nJknus (Bigel.) DC. Low Kattlesnake-root, or Lion's-foot.
(Fig. 3580.);;^=;
Ptenanlhes alba var. nana Bigel. Fl. BoBt. Kd. 2,
386. 1834.
Nabalus nanus T)C. Prodr. 7: 3^1. 1838.
Prenanlhes serpenlaria var. nana A. Gray, Syn. Fl.
i: Part 3, 4.vt. 1884.
Glabroui throughout; stem simple, erect, 4'-
16' high. Hasal md lower leaves slender-peti-
oled, 3-divided, or sometimes broadly hastate,
the divisions variously lobed, toothed, or entire,
usually .se8sile,ocCR8ionally stalked; upper leaves
much smaller, entire, toothed, or lobed, sessile,
or short-petioled ; inflorescence thy rsoid, glomer-
nte-spicate or racemose, rarely with i or 2 short
ascending branches; involucre dark purple-brown
or nearly black, glabrous, 4"-6" long, its inner
bracts 6-8, slightly ciliate at the apex, about as
long as the usually bright brownish pappus; outer
bracts lanceolate to ovate -lanceolate.
Alpine Hummits of the Adirondack* and the
mountains of New Uneland ; Nova Scotia to Labra-
dor and Newfoundland. Aug.-Sept.
6. Nabalus virg&tus (Michx.) DC.
Slender Rattlesnake-root. ( Fig. 3581.)
Bor. Am. a: 8a. 1803.
; 342. 1838.
Glabrous, somewhat glaucous; stem strict, mostly
simple, 2°-4° high. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, the basal and lower ones sinuate-pin-
natiiid or pinnately parted, petioled, often 10' long,
the lobes entire or dentate, distant; upper leaves all
sessile, pinnately lobed, or the uppermost entire,
very small and bract-like; heads very numerous,
pendulous, about 2" broad, in a narrow, simple or
branched, terminal thyrsus, often unilateral; invo-
lucre purplish, about i^" thick and 5" long, its
principal bracts about 8, with several minute outer
ones; flowers white or pinkish ; pappus straw-color.
In moist sandy soil, New Jersey to Florida, near the
coast. Called also De Witt's Snakeroot. Sept. -Oct.
7. Nabalus Bodttii DC. Boott's
Rattlesnake-root. (Fig. 3582.)
Nabalus Boottii DC. Prodr. 7: 241- 1838.
Prenanlhes Boottii A. Gray, Syn. Fl. i: Part 2, 435.
1884.
Glabrous below, commonly pubescent above;
stem simple, 4''-i2'' high. Leaves thickish, the
basal and lower ones ovate, hastate, or deltoid,
petioled, mostly obtuse, entire, or denticulate,
\' -2' long, thf upper ovate or oblong, tisually
entire, short-petitled or sessile, much smaller;
heads several or numerous, io-i8-flowered, erect,
spreading, or some of them pendulous, racemose
or somewhat thyrsoid, Y'S" broad; involucre
campanulate-obIong,3^''' 3'' thlck,4''-7'''' long,
dark purplish-green, its principal bracts 8-10,
obtuse or obtusish, with several shorter outer
ones; flowers whitish, odorous; pappus brownish.
Alpine suramits of the mountains of northern
New Bngland and New York. July-Aug.
..«".
Vol. III.]
CHICORY FAMILY,
--}" long,
8. NabaluB Asper (Michx.) T. & G.
Rough White-lettuce. (Fig. 3583.)
Prenanlhes a%pera Mlchx. I'l. l>or. Am. a: 83. 1803.
Sabalui asper T. & G. Fl. N. A. a: 483. 1843.
Scabrous cr rough-puberulent; stem virgate, simple,
a°-4'' high. Leaves firm, oval, oblong, or oblanceolate,
those of the stem all closely sessile, acute or acutish,
dentate, denticulate, or the uppermost entire, the lower
sometimes clasping, I'-j' long, %'-\' wide, the basal
tapering into winged petioles, commonly obtuse; heads
very numerous, erect, spreading, or slightly drooping,
3"-4" broad, la i6-flowered, in a long narrow thyrsus;
involucre oblong, ■i"-i%" thick, 5"-7" high, very
hirsute, its principal bracts 8-10, with several short
outer ones; flowers light yellow; pappus straw-color.
On dry prairies, Ohio to Minnesota and Nebraska, south
to Kentucky, Louisiana and Kansas. Aug. -Sept.
9. Nabalus racemdsus (Michx.) DC.
Glaucous White- lettuce. (Fig. 3584.)
Prenanlhes racemoia Michx. Bor. Fl. Am. a: 83. 1803.
Nabalus racemosus DC. Prodr. 7: 242. 1838.
Stem virgate, rather stout, glabrous and some-
what glaucor V stem striate, 2°-&' high. Leaves
thickish, glabrous and glaucou.s,the lower and basal
ones oval, oblong, oblanceolate, orobovate, dentate
or denticulate, 4'-8' long, mostly obtuse, tapering
into long margined petioles; upper leaves sessile,
smaller and partly clasping, lanceolate to ovate-lan-
ceolate, denticulate or entire, mostly acute; heads
very numerous, erect, spreading, or slightly droop-
ing, i-i6-flowered, 2"-3" broad, in a long narrow
thyrsus; involucre oblong-cylindric, hirsute, 5"-
6" Ic.ig, iyi"-i%" thick, longer than the hirsute
peduncle, its principal bracts 8-in, with several small
outer ones; flowers purplish; pappus straw-color.
In racist open places, New Brunswick and Anticosti
to the Northwest Territory, south to southern New York, New Jersey, Missouri and Colorado.
Aug.-Sept.
Nabalus racem6sus pinnatifldus (A. Gray) Britton.
Prenanlhes racemosa var. pinnalifida A. Gray, Syn. Fl. i; Part 2, 433. 1884.
Leaves pinnatifid or pinnately lobed. Hackensack mrtrshes, N. J.; near Mt. Vernon, N. V.
Prenanthes Maininsis A. Gray, Syn. PI. i: Part 2, 433, (rum northern Maine, is probably a hybrid
between A', racemosus and N. tri/oliolalus.
10. Nabalus crepidineus (Michx.) DC.
(Fig- 3585.)
Prenanlhes crepidineatSXchx Fl. Bor. Am. a: 84. 1803.
Nabalus crepidineus DC. Prodr. 7; 242. 1838.
Stem glabrous or very nearly so below, coryni-
bosely branched and sometimes puberulent above,
stout, 5°-9° high. Leaves thin, the basal and lower
ones hastate, ovate, oblong, or deltoid, sharply den-
tate, lobed, or incised, sometimes ic/ long, usually
■with broadly winged petioles; the upper much
smaller, sessile or short-petioled, narrowed at ths
base, not clasping, ovate, deltoid, or lanceolate,
acute; heads numerous, pendulous, short-peduncled,
corymbose-paniculate, 4'"-6" broad, ao-35-flowered;
involucre oblong or oblong-campanulate, hirsute,
S"-8" long, about 3" thick, dark green or purplish,
its principal bracts 12-15, with several very short
outer ones; flowers cream color; pappus brown.
In fields and thickets, western Pennsylvania and New
York to Kentucky, west to Minnesota and Kansas.
Aug.-Oct. .
Corymbed Rattlesnake-root.
393 AMBROSIACEAE. [Vol,. III.
Family 42. AMBROSIACEAE Reichetib. Consp. 112. 1828.
Ragweed Family.
Annual or perennial herbs, monoecious, or sometimes dioecious, many of them
weeds, rarely shrubby, with alternate leaves, or the lower opposite, and small
heads of greenish or white flowers subtended by an involucre of few, separate or
united bracts, the pistillate heads sometimes larger and nut-like or bur-like.
Staminate and pistillate flowers in the same heads, or in separate heads. Re-
ceptacle chaffy. Pistillate flowers with no corolla, or this reduced to a short
tube or ring; calyx adnate to the i-celleu ovary, its limb none, or a mere
border; style 2-cleft. Staminate flowers with a funnelform tubular or obconic
4-5-lobed corolla; stamens mostly 5, separate, or their anthers merely conni-
vent, not truly syngenes'.ous, with short inflexed appendages; ovary rudimen-
tary; .summit of the style often hairy or penicillate.
Eight genera and about 55 species, mostly natives of America, a few only of the Old World.
.Staminate and pistillate flowers in the same heads; involucre of a few rounded bracts, i. h'a.
Staminate and pistillate flowers in separate heads, the staminate mostly uppermost; involucre of
the pistillate heads bur-like or nut-like.
Involucral bracts of the staminate heads united.
Involucre of the pistillate heads with several tubercles or prickles in a single series.
2. Ambrosia.
Involucre of the pistillate heads with numerous prickles in several series. 3. Gaerlneria.
Involucral bracts of the staminate heads separate; involucre of pistillate heads an oblong bur.
4. Xantltium.
IVA
Iv. Sp. PI. 988. 1753.
Puberulent or scabrous harbs, with thick opposite leaves, or the upper alternate, and small
nodding, axillary a'ld solitary, spicate racemose or paniculate heads of greenish flowers. In-
volucre hemispheric or cup shaped, its bracts few, rounded. Receptacle chaffy, the linear or
spaiulate chaff enveloping the flowers. Marginal flowers i-6, pistillate, fertile, their corollas
short, tubular or none Disk-flowers perfect, sterile, their corollas funnelform, s-lobed, their
styles undivided, dilated at the apex, .\nthers entire at the base, yellow, scarcely coherent
with each other, tipped with macronate appendages. Achenescompressed, obovoid, glabrous.
Pappus none. [Nam; d after Ajuga Iva, from its similar smell.]
About 12 species, natives of America. Besides the following, 6 others occur in the southern
and western United States.
lieads spicate or racemose, cacli subtended by a linear or oblong leaf.
Heads solitary, pedicelled.
Bracts of the involucre 4-5; heads \\i"-i" high.
Leaves serrate, oval or oblong; eastern
Leaves entire or nearly so, obovate or ublong; western.
Bracts of the involucre 6-9; heads 3"-.^" high; southeastern.
Heads spicate-paniculate; leaves dentate.
Heads spicate-paniculate, not subtended by leaves.
/, frulescens.
I. axillaris,
I. imbricaia.
I. ciliata.
I. xanthiifolia.
X. Iva fruttscens L,. Marsh Elder.
High-water Shrub. (Fig. 3586.)
/?'(j frulescens L. Sp, PI. 989. 1753.
Perennial, shrubby or herbaceous, somewhat
fleshy; stem paniculately branched above, mi-
,/" nutely pubescent, or sometimes glabrous below,
3°-i2° high. Leaves oval, oblong, or oblong-
lanceolate, all the lower ones opposite, short-
petioled, 3-nerved, acute or obtusish,serrate, nar-
r^ rowed at the base, the lower 4 '-6' long, 1 '-2' wide,
the upper smaller and narrower, passing gradu-
ally into those of the racemose inflorescence
which are much longer than the short-pedi-
celled heads; involucre depressed-hemispheric,
its bracts about 5,orbicular-obovate,separate; fer-
tile flowers about 5, their corollas tubular.
Alc.tii: ^alt marshes and on muddy sea-shores,
Masstciii fietts to Florida and Texas, the northern
plant uaiiily broader-leaved and less shrubby than
the southe;!!. July-Sept.
^^^^^"—""imm
Vot,. III.]
RAGWEED FAMILY.
293
a. Iva axillaris Pursh. Small-flowered
Marsh Elder. (Fig. 3587.)
Iva axillaris Pursh, Fl. Am. .Sept. 74,v 1814.
Perennial by woody roots; stems herbaceous,a.sceiid-
ing, glabrous or sparingly pubescent, simple or branch-
ed, i°-2° high. Leaves sessile, entire or very nearly
so, obtuse, faintly 3-nerved, obovate, oblong, or linear-
oblong, %'-\.y%' long, t hick, somewhat fleshy, glabrous
or pubescent, the lower opposite, the upper alternate
and smaller, passing gradually into those of the
inflorescence; heads mostly solitary in the axils of the
leaves, a'''-3" broad, short-peduncled; involucre hem-
ispheric, about i%" high; its bracts about 5, connate
at the base, or united nearly to the summit; pistillate (^
flowers 4 or 5, their corollas tubular.
In saline or alkaline soil, Northwest Territory to west-
em Nebraska, New Mexico, British Columbia and Cali-
fornia. May-Sept.
3. Iva imbricitta Walt. Sea-coast Marsh
Elder. (Fig. 3588.)
Iva imbricata Walt. PI. Car. 232. 1788.
Perennial by woody roots, glabrous or nearly so
throughout, fleshy; stem i°-2° higb, simple, or
sparingly branched. Leaves all but the lowest al-
ternate, sessile, oblong-spatulate, or lanceolate, ob-
tusish, mucronulate, entire, or rarely serrate, ob-
scurely 3-nerved, the larger I'-a' long, 3'''-5''' wide;
heads about 4" broad, short-peduncled or nearly
sessile, the upper ones longer than their subtending
leaves; involucre broadly campanulate, its bracts
6-9, not united, somewhat imbricated in 2 series;
fertile flowers 2-4, their corollas tubular, the stam-
inate ones much more numerous; chaff of the re-
ceptacle spatulate.
On sandy sea-shores, Virginia (according toGray), and
North Carolina to Florida and Louisiana. July-Oct.
4. Iva
ciliata Willd.
Elder. (Fig.
Rough Marsh
3589.)
/fa annwa Michx.Fl. Bor. Am. a: 184. 1803. Notl.?
Iva cilia/a Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 4386. 1804.
Annual, hispid-pubescent; stem simple, or
branched, 2°-6° high. Leaves nearly all opposite,
ovate, petioled, scarcely fleshy, puberulent be-
neath, acuminate at the apex, abruptly or gradu-
ally narrowed at the base, coarsely and irregularly
dentate, 3-nerved, the lower 4''-5' long; heads
spicate-paniculate, about ■'" broad; spikes dense
or interrupted, erect, a'--8' long; upper leaves lin-
ear-lanceolate, hispid, squarrose, much longer
than the heads; bracts of the involucre 3-5, dis-
tinct or united below, hispid; fertile flowers 3-5,
their corollas slender; staminate flowers 10-15.
In moist soil, Illinois to Nebraska, south to Louisi-
ana and New Mexico. Plant with the aspect of
Ambrosia. Aug. -Oct.
..
Burweed Marsh Elder.
394 AMBROSIACEAE. [Vol. III.
5. Iva xanthiifdlia (Fresen.) Nutt
(Fig- 3590.)
Cyclachaena xanthii/olia Fresen. Ind. Sem.
Hort. Franc. 4. 1836.
Iva xanthii/olia Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.
(11)7:347- 1841.
Annual; stem much branched, pubescent
or puberulent above, glabrous below, 3°-6°
high. Leaves nearly all opposite, broadly
ovate, long-petioled, acuminate at the apex,
abruptly or gradually contracted at the base,
coarsely and irregularly dentate, pale and
canescent or puberulent beneath, roughish
at)Ove, 3-ribbed, the lower often 6' long and
wide; inflorescence spicate-paniculate, termi-
nal and axillary, ample, naked; heads sessile
or minutely peduncled, less than i" broad;
bracts of the involucre in a series of 5, the
outer ovate, the inner obovate or truncate.con-
cave, subtending the usually 5 achenes; corol-
las of the fertile flowers rudimentary or none;
staminate flowers io-i5,their corolla.s obconic.
In moist soil, or sometimes in waste places,
Michig^an to Northwest Territory, south to Wis-
consin, Nebraska, New Mexico and Utah. Plant
with the aspect of a Chenopodium. July-Sept.
2. AMBROSIA L. Sp. PI. 987. 1753.
Monoecious (rarely dioecious) branching herbs, with alternate or opposite, mostly lobed
or divided leaves, and small heads of green flowers, the staminate spicate or racemose, the
pistillate solitary or clustered in the upper axils. Involucre of the pistillate heads globose-
ovoid or top shaped, closed, i-flowered, usually armed with 4-8 tubercles or spines; corolla
none; stamens none; style-branches filiform; achenes ovoid or obovoid; pappus none. In-
volucre of the staminate heads mostly hemispheric or saucer-shaped, 5-12-lobed, open, many-
flowered; receptacle nearly flat, naked or with filiform chaff; corolla funnelform, 5-toothed;
anthers scarcely coherent, mucronate-tipped; style undivided, penicillate at the summit.
[The ancient classical name. ]
About 12 species, mostly natives of America. Besides the following^, some 5 others occur in
the southern and western United States.
Sterile hea''^ dessile; a lanceolate hispid lobe on inner border of involucre, i. A. bidentala.
Sterile heitds short-pedicelled, involucre depressed-hemispheric.
Leaves opposite, palmately 3-5-lobed, or undiviJc j; receptacle naked, a. A. trifida.
I<eaves opposite and alternate, 1-2-pinnatifid; re?eptacle chaffy.
Annual; leai'ssthin; fruiting involucre spiny. 3.
Perennial; leaves thick; fruiting involucre naked or tubercled. 4.
A. arlemisiaefolia.
A. psilostachya.
I. Ambrosia bident&ta Michx.
Lance-leaved Ragweed. (Fig. 3591.)
Ambrosia bidentala Michx. PI. Bor. Am. a: 182.
1803.
Annual, hirsute, usually much branched, very
leafy, i°-3° high. Leaves lanceolate, mainly
alternate, sessile and somewhat cordate-clasping
at the base, acuminate at the apex, i-nerved,
I '-3' long, a"-4" wide, usually with i or 2 sharp
lobei at the base and a few minute sharp teeth
above, or the upper ones quite entire, rough and
hirsute or ciliate; spikes of staminate heads
denie, 3'-7' long, their involucres turbinate,
bearing a long lanceolate hispid reflexed lobe
appearing like a bract on the inner border,
their receptacles chaffy; fertile heads solitary,
or clustered, oblong, 4-angled, 3"-4" long, bear-
ing 4 sharp spines.
Prairies, Illinois to Missouri, south to Louisiana
and Texas. July-Sept.
Vol.. HI.]
RAGWEED FAMILY.
295
a. Ambrosia trifidaL. Horse-cane. Bit-
ter-weed. Great Ragweed. (Fig. 3592.)
Ambrosia trifida L. Sp. PI. 987. 1753.
Annual, scabrous or hispid, or nearly glabrous,
branched, s"-!?" high. Leaves all opposite, peti-
oled, 3-nerved, deeply 3-5-lobed, the lobes lanceo-
late or ovate, sharply serrate, acute or acuminate;
lower leaves often 1° wide, the upper sometimes
ovate and undivided; racemes of sterile heads 3'-
10' long, their involucres saucer-shaped, 3-ribbed
on the outer side, crenate- margined or truncate,
their receptacles naked; fertile heads usually clus-
tered in the axils of the upper bract-like leaves, tur-
binate to obovoid, 5-7-ribbed, conic-beaked, i"-^"
long, each rib bearing a tubercle near the summit.
In moi'^t soil, Quebec to Florida, west to the North-
west TerritorT, Nebraska, Colorado and Arkansas.
Also called Tall Ambrosia, Richweed, Wild Hemp.
July-Oct.
Ambrosia triflda integiifdUa (Muhl.) T. & G. Fl. N. A.
3: 390. 1841.
A. inlegri/olia Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 375. 1805.
Leaves ovate or oblong^- lanceolate, not lobed; plant
usually lower. Frequent with the type.
3. Ambrosia artemisiaefdlia I^. Rag-
weed. Roman Wormwood. Hogweed.
Wild Tansy. (Fig. 3593.)
Ambrosia artemisiae/olia L. Sp. PI. 987. 1753.
Annual, pubescent, puberulent or hirsute, pan-
iculately branched, i°-6° high. Leaves thin, i-
2-pinnatifid, petioled, 2'-4' long, the upper alter-
nate, the lower mostly opposite, pale or canescent
beneath, the lobes oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or
acute; uppermost leaves of the branches some-
times linear-lanceolate and entire; racemes of
sterile heads very numerous, i'-(t' long, the
involucres hemispheric, crenate, the receptacle
chaffy; fertile heads obovoid or subglobose, mostly
clustered, I >i "-2" long, short-beaked, 4-6-spined
near the summit, sparingly pubescent.
In dry soil, often a pernicious weed in cultivated
fields, Nova Scotia to Florida, west to British Colum-
bia and Mexico. Also in the Weit Indies and South
America, and introduced into Europe as a weed.
Also called Bitterweed, Stickweed, Stammerwort,
Carrot-weed. July-Oct.
4. Ambrosia psilostilchya DC. Western
Ragweed. (Fig. 3594.)
Ambrosia psilostachya DC. Prodr. 5; 526. 1836. ^
Similar to the preceding species, but perennial,
the leaves thick, the pubescence strigose or hifpid.
Stems usually much branched, 2°-6° high, rather
stout; leaves 1-3 pinnatifid, 2'-^' long, the lobes
acutish; racemes of sterile heads several or numer-
ous, s'-d' long, the involucres campanulate, the
receptacles chaffy; fertile heads mostly solitary,
ovoid or obovoid, reticulated, short-pointed, un-
armed, or with about 4 short tubercles, pubescent,
i^/'-2" long.
In moist open soil, Illinois to the Northwest Terri-
tory, south to Texas, Mexico and California. July-Oct.
••""flMBBMW
296
AMBROSIACBAB.
[VOI,. III.
3. GAERTNERIA Med. Act. Pal. 3: 244. 1785.
[Franshria Cav. Icon, a: 78. pi. 200. 1793.]
Hispid or tomentose branching herbs, with the aspect of Ambrosias, sometimes woody at
the base, with mostly alternate lobed or divided leaves, and small monoecious greenish heads
of discoid flowers, the staminate in terminal spikes or racemes, the pistillate solitary or clus-
tered in the upper axils. Involucre of the pistillate heads ovoid or globose, closed, 1-4-
celled, 1-4-beaked, armed with several rows of spines and forming a bur in fruit; corolla
none or rudimentary; style deeply bifid, its branches exserted; stamens none; achenesobo-
void, thick, solitary in the cells; pappus none. Staminate heads sessile, or short-peduncled,
their involucres broadly hemispheric, open, s-ia-lobed; receptacle chaiTy; corolla regular, the
tube short, the limb 5-lobed; style undivided; anthers scarcely coherent; mucronate-tipped.
[In honor of Joseph Gaertner, 1732-1791, German botanist.]
About 15 dpecies, natives of America. In addition to the following^, some 8 othets occur in the
western and southwestern United States.
Plant hirsute; annual; spines of the fruiting involucre long, flat.
leaves densely white-tomentose beneath; spines short, conic; perennials.
Leaves bipinnatifid.
lieaves pinnately divided, the terminal segment large.
1. G. acanlhicarpa,
2. G. discolor.
3. G. tomenlosa.
z. Gaertneria acanthic§irpa (Hook.)
Britton. Hooker's Gaertneria.
(Fig- 3595-)
Ambrosia acanlhicarpa Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i:
.^09. 1833.
Franseria Hookeriana Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil.
800.(11)7:345. 1841.
Gaertneria acanlhicarpa Britton, Mem. Terr.
Club, 5: 332. 1894.
Annual, erect or diffuse, paniculately
branched, i°-2° high; stem hirsute or hispid,
l/ower and basal leaves slender-petioled, bi-
pinnatifid, 3^-4' long, the upper short-petioled
or sessile, ouce pinnatifid, or merely lobed;
racemes of sterile heads usually numerous,
\'-}/ long; fruiting involucres clustered in
the axils, j/'-\" long, commonly i-flowered,
armed with numerous long ilatstraight spines.
In moist soil. Northwest Territory to western
Nebraska and Texas, west to British Columbia
and California. July-Sept.
a. Gaertneria discolor (Nutt.) Kuntze.
White-leaved Gaertneria.
(Fig- 3596.)
Franseria discolor Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.
(11)7:345. 1841.
Gaerlneria rfwo/or Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 339. 1891.
Erect or ascending from perennial rootstocks,
branched, about 1° high. Leaves nearly all bi-
pinnatifid, petioled, densely white-tomentose
beneath, g^een and pubescent or glabrate above,
i'-f/ long; sterile racemes narrow, commonly
solitary, I'-s'long; fruiting involucres clustered
in the axils, finely canescent, about 2" long,
mostly 3-flowered, armed with short sharp conic
spines.
In dry soil, Nebraska to Wyoming, Colorado
and New Mexico. Aug. -Sept.
Vol.. III.]
RAGWEED FAMILY.
297
Woolly Gaertneria.
3. Gaertneria tomentdsa (A. Gray) Kuntze.
(Fig. 3597-)
Franseria tomentosa k. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad.
4: 80. 1849.
Gaertneria tomentosa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 3^
1891.
Erect from a deep perennial root, usually
branched at the base, i°-3° high. L,eave8 pin-
nately lobed or divided, finely and densely to-
mentose on both sides, or ashy above, the ter-
minal segment lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
acuminate, serrulate or entire, very much larg^er
than the 2-6 rather distant narrow lateral ones;
sterile racemes solitary, 2'-4' long; fruiting in-
volucres solitary, or 2-3 together in the upper
axils, ovoid, finely canescent or glabrate, 2-
flowered, about i" long, armed with subulate-
conic, very acute, sometimes curved spines.
On rich prairies and alongf rivers, western Ne-
braska, Kansas and Colorado. Aug.-Sept.
4. XANTHIUM L. Sp. PI. 987. 1753.
Monoecious annual branching coarse rough or spiny herbs, with alternate lobed or den-
tate leaves, and rather small heads of greenish discoid flowers, the staminate ones capitate-
clustered at the ends of the branches, the pistillate axillary. Staminate heads with a short
involucre of i to 3 series of distinct bracts; receptacle cylindric, chaffy; corollas tubular, 5-
toothed; anthers not coherent, mucronate at the apex; filaments monadelphous; style slen-
der, undivided. Pistillate heads of an ovoid or oblong, closed involucre, covered with hooked
spines, 1-2-beaked, a-celled, each cavity containing one obovoid or oblong achene; corolla
none; pappus none; style 2-cleft, its branches exserted. [Greek, yellow, from its yielding
a yellow hair-dye.]
About s species (more according to some authors), of wide greographic distribution.
Leaves lanceolate, not cordate; axils be<iring 3-divided spines. i. A', spinosum.
Leaves orbicular or broadly ovate, cordate, or truncate; axils not spiny.
Bur6"-9" long, usually nearly glabrous; beaks nearly straight; introduced. 3. X. slrumarium.
I3ur9"-i2" long, hispid-pubescent; beaks hooked or incurved; native. 3. X. Canadense.
I. Xanthium spindsum L. Spiny
or Thorny Clotbur, Clotweed
or Burweed. (Fig. 3598.)
Xanthium spinosum L. Sp. PI. 987. 1753.
Stem pubescent or puberulent, much
branched, ascending or erect, i°-3° high.
Leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolale, acute
or acuminate, lobed, or the upper entire,
narrowed at the base, short-petioled, white-
canescent beneath and on the whitish veins
of the upper surface, 2'-^' long; axils each
with a short-stalked 3-pronged yellow spine
neatly i' long; ripe fertile involucre (bur)
oblong-cylindric, 4"-6" long, about 2" in
diameter, pubescent, armed with short
subulate rather inconspicuous beaks, and
numerous glabrous spines about i" long.
In waste grounds, Ontario to Florida, west to
Illinois, West Virginia, Missouri and Texas.
Widely distributed as a weed in western and
tropiral America. Naturalized from Burope
or Asia. Aug, -Nov.
AMBROSIACEAE.
[Vol.. III.
a. Xanthium strutnilrium I^.
Broad Cocklebur or Burweed.
(Fig. 3599.)
Xanthium strumarium L. Sp. PI. 987. 1753.
Rough, i°-6%° high. Leaves slender-
petioled, broadly ovate to orbicular, 3-ribbed
and cordate or cordate-reniform at the base,
the lower often 10^ wide, the margins den-
tate, or more or less 3-5-lobed, both surfaces
roughish and green; bur oblong, glabrous or
puberulent, 6"-9" long, about 3" in diame-
ter, its 3 sharp conical-subulate 2 tcx>thed
beaks straight or nearly so, equalling or
slightly longer than the numerous, nearly
glabrous or pubescent spines.
In waste places, New Bng^land and New York
to Nebraska, south to Florida and Mexico.
Naturalized from Europe or Asia. Called also
Ditch-, Sheep- or Clot-bur, Button Bur, Small or
I^esser Burdock, Sea Burdock and Bur-thistle.
Aug. -Oct.
103. 1763.
3. Xanthium Canad^nse Mill.
American Cocklebur. Sea Burdock.
Hedgehog Burweed. (Fig. 3600.)
X. CanadensetlliW.GarA. Diet. Ed. 8, No. 2. 1768.
Xanthium echinatum Murr. Comm. Goett. 6:
32. pl. 4- 1783-
Similar to the preceding species, usually
stouter, the branches ae: sending or diffuse.
Leaves similar and roughish and commonly
thicker; stem often brown-spotted; bur ob-
long, usually densely hispid, 9"-! 2" long,
Y'-(>" in diameter, the two stout beaks
hooked or incurved at the apex, longer than
or equalling the more or less hispid stout or
slender hooked spines.
Along rivers and sea-beaches and in waste
places, Nova Scotia to North Carolina, west to
the Northwest Territorjr, Nevada, Texas and
Mexico. Not common in the interior region
east of the Mississippi. Aug. -Oct.
Family 43. COBfPOSITAE Adans. Fam.
Thistle Famii:,y.
Herbs, rarely shrubs (some tropical forms trees), with watery or resinous
(rarely milky) sap, and opposite alternate or basal exstipulate leaves. Flowers
perfect, pistillate, or neutral, or sometimes monoecious or dioecious, borne on a
common receptacle, forming heads,subtended by an involucre of few to many bracts
arranged in one or more series. Receptacle naked, or with chaffy scales subtend-
ing the flowers, smooth, or variously pitted or honeycombed. Calyx-tube com-
pletely adnate to the ovary, the limb (pappus) of bristles, awns, te< th, scales,
or crown-like, or cup-like, or wanting. Corolla tubular, usually 5-lobed or 5-cleft,
the lobes valvate, or that of the marginal flowers of the head expanded into a
ligule (ray); when the ray- flowers are absent the head is said to be discoid;
when present, radiate; the tubular flowers form the disk. Stamens usually 5,
borce on the corolla and alternate with its lobes, their anthers united into a tube
(syngenesious), often appendaged at the apex, sometimes sagittate or tailed at
the base; pollen-grains globose, often rough or prickly. Ovary i -celled; ovule
I, anatropous; style of fertile flowers 2-cleft, its branches variously appendaged,
or unappcndaged; stigmas marginal; style of sterile flowers commonly undivided.
Fruit an achene. Seed erect ; endosperm none ; embryo straight ; hy pocoty 1 inferior.
About 760 genera and not less than 10,000 species, of wide geographic distribution. The family
is also known as Carduaceae, Aggregatae, and by the English name of Asterworls. In Kuhnia,
the anthers are distinct, or nearly so.
Vol.. III.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
299
^ Antheri not tailed at the baae ; (tigmatic line* of the atyle-branchea only at the bate, or not extending
beyond the middle ; flowers all tubular and perfeC , never yellow ; raya none.
Style-branches filiform or subulate, hispidulous; receptacle naked. Tribe 1. Vernonikar.
Style-branches thickened upward, obtuse, papillose. Tribe a. Bupatorieab.
^ -H- Anthers tailed at the baae, unappendagsd at the tip; heada small; raya none (except in Inula
where they are larse, yellow). Tribe 4. INULKAB.
'H' 'M' -X- Anthers not tailed at the baae ; stigmatie lines of the atyle-branrhea in the perfect flowera
extending to the summit ; flowers tubular only, or tubular and radiate, often yellow.
I. Receptacle naked (see also Nos. 79, 80, 81 and 83 of Tribe 7.)
a. Bracts of the involucre usually well imbricated.
Style-branches of the perfect flowers flattened, with terminal appendages. Tribe 3. Astereae.
Style-branches truncate, or with hairy tips. Tribe 6. Hblenieae.
b. Bracts little imbricated, or not at all; pappus of soft bristles. Tribe 8. Sbnecionbab.
2. Receptacle chaffy (except in Nos. 79, 80, 81 and 8a).
Bracts of the involucre herbaceous or foliaceous; not scarious. Tribe 5. Hbliantiieab.
Bracts of the involucre dry, scarious. Tribe 7. Anthsmideae.
'J<- # -X- 4(' Anthers long-tailed at the base, with elongated appendagea at the tip; heads large; raya none,
(in Centaurea often with enlarged marginal flcwera) ; bracts imoricated. Tribe 9. Cvnareae.
Tribe I. Vkrnonieae.
Pappus double, the inner of rough capillary bristles, the oute/ of scales, or short bristles; heads
not glomerate. i. Vernonia.
Pappus a single series of bristles; heads glomerate, subtended by sessile bracts. 3. EUphantopus.
Tribe 2. Eupatoribap.
f; Achenes 3-s-angled, not ribbc \.
Pappus of 5 broad obtuse scales; aquatic herb with linear whorled leaves,
Pappus of numerous capillary bristles.
Involucre of more than 4 bracts; erect herbs.
Involucre of 4 bracts; twining herbaceous vines.
X- -X- Achenea 8-io-ribbed, or B-io-atriate.
I . Bracts of the involucre in several series, the outer successive
Bracts of the involucre strongly striate-nefved; heads panicled orcormybed
Pappus-bristless rough or serrate; involucral bracts numerous.
Pappus-bristles plumose; involucral bracts few.
Bracts of the involucre faintly striate, if at all; heads spiked or racemed.
2. Bracts of the involucre in only 2 or 3 series; all nearly equal
3. Sclerolepii.
4. Eiipatorium.
5. Willughbaeya.
ly shorter,
in our species.
6. CoUosanlhus.
7. Kuhnia.
8. Lacinaria.
. 9. Trilisa.
Tribe 3. Asterkae.
A. Ray-flowers yellow (white in one species of Solidago), or wanting; plants not dioecious.
fr Pappua of scales, or awns, or wanting, never of numeroua capillary bristles.
Heads small, not over 2" high; leaves narrowly linear, entire. ,
Perennial herbs, or shrubs; all the flowers fertile, 10. Gutierrezia.
.\nnual herb; disk-flowers sterile. ii. Amphiachyris.
Heads large, showy; leaves oblong to lanceolate, spinulose-dentate. 13. Grindelia.
■k -:{- Pappus of either the radiate or tubular flowera, or both, of numerous capillary briatlea, with or
without an outer aeries of shorter ones, or of scales.
t Pappus, at least of the disk-floivers, double, an tuner series of capillary bristles, and an outer
one 0/ scales or short bristles; heads large.
.\chenes of the ray-flowers thick, the pappus obsolete, or of a few caducous bristles; achenes of
the disk-flowers flat. 13. Helerotheca.
Achenes of both ray-flowers and disk-flowers flattened. 14. Chrysopsis.
1 1 Pappus wholly 0/ capillary bristles.
I . Heads wholly of disk-flowers (in our species); rays none; leaves narrowly linear.
a. Perennial herbsi; style-tips not exserted; eastern. 15. Chondrophora.
b. Shrubs; style -tips mostly exserted; western.
Involucral bracts gradually narrowed to the tip, keeled, chartaceous. 16. Chrysothamnus.
Involucral bracts cuspidate, flat, herbaceous. 17. Oonopsis.
2. Heads with both ray-flowers and disk-flowers (in our species),
a. None of the leaves cordate ; pappus mostly as long as the achene, or longer.
Leaves bristly-serrate or pinnatifld.
Achenes glabrous; pappus-bristles deciduous. 18. Prionopsis.
.\chenes white-tomentose; pappus-bristles persistent. 19. Eriocarpum.
Leaves entire, or toothed, not bristly-serrate.
Leaves narrow, coriaceous, evergreen, entire; low western undershrubs. 90. Stenolus.
Annual or perennial herbs; leaves not evergreen.
Pappus-bristles unequal ; heads loosely panicled; annual. 31. Isopappus.
Pappus-bristles equal; heads variously clustered; perennial herbs.
Receptacle alveolate; rays mostly not more numerous than the disk-flowers.
33. Solidago.
Receptacle fimbrillate; rays more numerous than the disk-flowers; heads corymbose-
paniculate. 33. Eulhamta.
b. Lower and basal leaves cordate; pappus-bristles shorter than the achene. 34. Brachychaeta.
B. Ray-flowers prasent, not yellow in any of our species.
jf Pappus a me: rown, or of a few awns or bristles, or wanting, never of numerous capillary brlatles.
I. Receptacle conic.
Outer bracts or .e involucre shorter than the inner; achenes prismatic. 35. Abhanosiiphus.
Bracts of the involucre all about equal; acjene» flattened. 36. Bellis.
2. Receptacle flat, or somewhat convex.
Achenes of the disk-flowers comprcrsed, of the ray-flowers 3-angled; perennial herbs witl. large
heads. 37. Townsendiik.
300
COMPOSITAE.
[Vol.. III.
Achenes fusiform, terete; annual herbs with small heads. 38. Chaelopappa.
Achenes obovate, flattened, with thickened or win((ed marf(lns; perennials. 39. Bollonia.
^ 'M' Pappus of numerous capillary bristles.
I. Pappus a single series of capillary bristles; sometimes with an outer series of shorter ones,
a. Bracts of the involucre in a.to many series.
Bracts mostly in 2-5 series; teeth or lobes of the leaves not bristle tipped.
Involucre narrow, its bracts firm; rays feV, white. 30. Sfricocarpus.
Involucre turbinate to hemispheric, bracts mostly thin; rays usually numerous, white to purple.
Disk-flowers tumiug red, purple, or brown. 31. Aster.
Disk-flowers permanently white; leaves subulate to spatulate, crowded, rigid.
3a. Leucelene.
Involucre turbinate; rays not exceeding the mature ;pappus, or none. 33. Brachyactis.
Bracts in many series j teeth or lobes of the leaves bristle-tipped in our species. 34. Machaeranthera.
b. Bracts of the involucre in only i or 3 series, very narrow; heads mostly long-peduncled.
Rays longer than the diameter of the di»k. 35. Erigeron.
Rays not longer than the diameter of the disk; heads very small, panicled. 36. Lepiilon.
2. Pappus distinctly double, the inner bristles long, the outer snorter.
I^eaves lanceolate, ovate, or obovate; rays white. 37. Doellingeria,
I^eaves narrowly linear; rays violet. 38. lanaclis.
C. Ray-floweis none ; dioecious shruba ; pappua capillary. 39. Baccharis.
Tribe 4. Inuleae.
-if Heads small, t^ys none ; flowers white, or whitish.
1 . Receptacle chaffy.
Receptacle convex ; pappus none. 40. Filat;o.
Receptacle subulate; pappus of the inner flowers of rough capillary bristles. 41. Gifola.
2. Receptacle naked.
a. Pappus, at least that of pistillate flowers, of capillary bristles.
Bractsof theinvolucre notscarious; plants pubescent or glabrous, not woolly. 42. Pluchea.
Bracts of the involucre scarious, mostly white or pink; plants woolly.
Plants dioecious, or polygamo-dioecious.
Pappu.s- bristles of stamfnate flowers thickened above. 43. Antennaria.
Pappus-bristles not thickened; stem leafy. 44. Anaphalis.
Plants not dioecious; flowers all fertile. 45. Gnaphalium.
b. Pappus none; leaves broad, alternate, woolly beneath. 46. Adenocaulon.
^ -K- Heads large; ray-flowers yellow. 47. Inula.
Tribe 5. Heuantheae.
A. Diak-flowera perfect, but ateiile.
Achenes thick, short, not flattened; pappus none.
Achenes merely subtended by the inner involucral bracts.
Achenes embraced and enclosed by the inner involucral bracts.
Achenes flattened.
Ray-iiowers in 3 or 3 series; achenes falling away free. 50. Silphium.
Ray-flowers in i series; achenes adnate to 2 or 3 scales of the receptacle, falling away with them.
Rays large, yellow.
Leaves opposite and basal.
Leaves alternate.
Pappus none, or of 3 caducous awns.
Pappus a persistent irregularly cleft crown.
Rays small, the heads appearing discoid.
B. Diak-flowera fertile.
^ Ray-flowers persistent upon the achenes.
Achenes compressed, or 3-angled; leaves entire.
Achenes short, thick; leaves toothed.
^ ifr Ray-flowers deciduous, or none.'
t Pappus aatp, or crozvn, or of a few teeth, awns, or bristles.
1. Achenes, at least those of disk-flowers, not compressed (except in Ratibida and Verbesina);
scales of the receptacle mostly concave, or clasping.
Scales of the receptacle small, awn-like or bristles-like; rays white, short.
Scales of the receptacle bioad, larger.
Involucre of 4 large somewhat united bracts.
Involucre of several or numerous separate bracts.
Receptacle conic, or columnar.
Ray-flowers fertile, or wanting; leaves opposite.
Ray-flowers sterile, or neutral; leaves mostly opposite.
Rays yellow.
Achenes 4-angled.
Achenes compressed, winged.
Rays rose-purple.
Receptacle flat, or convex (low-conic in species of Nos. 64 and 65.)
Low fleshy sea-coast shrubs.
Tall herbs, not fleshy.
Achenes not much flattened, not winged, nor margined.
Achenes of disk-flowers flattened and margined, or winged.
2. Achenes very flat; scales of the receptacle flat, or but slightly concave,
a. Bracts of the involucre all separate.
Pappus of a short teeth or awns, or a mere border, or none. 66. Coreopsis.
Pappus of 3-6 awns or teeth, upwardly or downwardly barbed or hispid. 67. Bidens.
b. Inner bracts of the involucre united to about the middle. 68. Thelespemta.
1 1 Pappus of numerous scales.
Leaves opposite, toothed; ray-flowers fertile; rays small. 69. Galinsoga.
Leaves alternate, entire.
48. Polymnia.
49. Melampodium.
51. Chrysogoniim.
52.
54-
t
.57-
58.
Berlandiera.
Engelmannia
Parthenium.
Crassina.
Heliopsis.
Eclipta.
Tetragonotheca.
59. Spilanthes.
60. Rudbeckia.
61. Ratibida.
62. Brauneria.
63. Borrichia.
64. Helianthus.
65. Verbesina.
.
Vol. III.
THISTLE FAMILY.
301
Rays large, neutral; receptacle deeply honeycombed.
Rays none; scaleti of the receptacle narrow, riffid.
70. Actinosf>ermum.
71, Marsholtia,
73. Psilostrophe.
Bahia.
Picradenia.
HeltKium.
Galltardia.
Tribe 6. Helenieak.
A. Ray-flowers penlttrat on the achenea, falling away with them, papery.
B. Ray-floweis deciduous, or wanting.
'.': Plants not dotted with oil-glands. ,
a. Pappus none. 7^$. Flaveria.
b. Pappus present (in all our species), of separate scales or bristles.
1. Bracts of the involucre petal-like, colored, their marg^ins and apices scarious.
Leaves, at least the lower, pinnately parted, or pinnatifid; rays none; corolla-lobes of disk-flowers
ovate. 74. Hymenopappus.
Leaves entire; rays present, or none; corolla-lobes of disk-flowers linear. 75. Polypteris.
2. Bracts of the involucre herbaceous, not scarious-tipped, nor petal-like, appressed, or spreading.
Receptacle naked.
Bracts of the involucre appressed.
Achenes 4-anKled, linear or oblonK. 76.
Achenes 5-10-ribbed or 5-10 angled, top-shaped. 77.
Bracts of the involucre spreading, or reflexed at maturity. 78.
Receptacle with bristle-like chaff. 79.
^ -X- Plants dotted with oil-glands, especially the leaves and Involucre.
Involucral bracts more or less united; style-branches of the disk-flowers elongated.
Involucral bracts united at the base. 80. Dviodia.
Invohicral bracts united high up into a cup. 81. Thymophylla.
Involucral bracts separate; style branches of the disk-flowers very short. 83. Pedis.
Tribe 7. Anthemideae.
^ Receptacle chaffy.
Achenes flattened; involucre obovoid to campanulate; heads small.
Achenes terete; involucre hemispheric; hepfli'arge.
-X- * Receptacle no* '■^afl'y, na!(e>i, ■:.!• aoni'-'.> -1*../
I. Ray-flowers usually present, sometimes wanting; rays large
Receptacle flat to hemispheric; bracis of the involucre in several series. 8;
Receptacle conic to ovoid; bracts in few series; rays white or none.
2. Ray flowers none ; heads small.
Heads corymbed; pappus a short crown : flowers yellow. 87.
Heads rav.'emose, spicave or panicltd; pai.;-» ^^. 88.
Tribe 8. Senecioneae.
Leaves all basal; hea^is .•':i -c.pes.
Head solitary; flowers yellow.
Heads corymbed ; flowers white or purple.
Leaves opposite ; rays yellow.
Leaves alternate.
Flowers white, whitish or pinkish; rays none.
Marginal flowers pisiiliaie; ui^vli ir-'v, ..i' pLiioct.
Flowers all perfect.
Involucre of about s bracts; sap milky.
Involucre of about 13 bracts and several smaller outer ones.
Flowers yellow; ray-flowers mostly present.
83.
11:
Achillea.
Anthemis.
Chrysanthemum.
Matricaria.
Tanacetum.
Artemisia.
89. Tussilago.
90. Petasites.
91. Arnica.
93. Erechtiles.
93. Mesadenia.
94. Hynosma,
95. Senecio.
Tribe 9. Cynareae.
^ Achenes inserted on the receptacle by their bases, not oblique.
Recejjtacle densely bristly. '
Filaments separate.
Involucral bracts hooked at the tip; leaves not bristly. 96. Arctium.
Involucral bracts not hooked; leaves bristly. 97. Carduus.
Filaments united below. 98. Mariana.
Receptacle fleshy, not bristly. 99. Onopordon.
¥: ^ Achenes obliquely inserted on the receptacle.
Heads not subtended by bristl}r leaves; involucral bracts often bristly. 100. Centaurea,
Heads sessile, subtended by bristly leaves. loi. Cnicus.
I. VERNONIA Schreb. Gen. PI. 2: 541. 1791.
Erect branching perennial faerbs, or some tropical species shrubby, with alternate (very
rarely opposite), in our species sessile leaves, and discoid cymose-paniculate heads of purple
pink or white tubular flowers. Involucre hemispheric, campanulate or oblong-cylindric, its
bracts imbricated in several or many series. Receptacle flat, naked. Corolla regular, 5-cleft.
Anthers sagittate at the base, not caudate. Style-branches subulate, bispidulous their whole
length. Achenes &-io-ribbed, truncate. Pappus of our species in 2 aeries, the inner of nu-
merous roughened capillary bristles, the outer of much shorter small scales or stout bristles.
[Named after William Vernon, English botanist.]
About 475 itpecies, of wide distribution in warm-temperate regions, most abundant in South
America. Besides the following, a others occur in the southern and southwestern United States.
Bracts of the hemispheric involucre, or some of them, with subulate or filiform tips.
Involucre 3"-s" broad, its bracts shorter than the head. i. K Noveboracensis.
Involucre 9"-ia" broad, its bracts as long as the head. a. K crinila.
Bracts ot the involucre merely acute, obtuse, or truncate.
Leaves lanceolate to oval, pinnately veined.
Bracts of the involucre with squarrose reflexed tips. 3. V. Baldwinii.
308
COMPOSITAE.
[Vol.. III.
Bracts of the involucre wholly appressed.
Leaves glabrous or very nearly so on both surfaces.
Leaves thin, pale beneath, the lower oval, coarsely serrate.
I/:aves thin, green beneath, lanceolate, finely serrate.
Leaves thick, narrowly lanceolate, finely serrate.
Leaves
Leaves densely tomentose-pubescent beneath, lanceolate,
narrowly linear, i-nerved, a '-3" wide, dentate.
V. glauea.
f^- giganlea.
y./asciculala.
y. Drtimmondii.
y. marginala.
I. Vernonia Noveborac6nsis (L.)
Willd. New York Iron-weed. Flat
Top. (Fig. 3601.)
Serralula Noveborarensis L. Sp. PI. 818. 17S3.
y. Noveboracensis WiUd. Sp. PI. 3: i6,?a. 1804.
C. Noveboracensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 323. 1891.
Koughish pubescent or glabrate, i°-^° high.
Leaves lanceolate or narrowly oblong, serrulate,
3'-io' long, 5"-ia" wide, acuminate or acute
at the apex; heads peduncled; involucre hemis-
pheric, 20-30- flowered, 4"-5" in diameter; bracts
brownish-purple.ovate or ovate-lancsolate, tipped
with subulate spreading awns usually of twice or
three times their own length.or some of the lower
linear subulate, the upper sometimes merely
acute: flowers deep purple, rarely white; achenes
hispidulous on the ribs.
In moist soil, Massachusetts to Minnesota, south
to Georgia and Missouri. July-Sept.
Vernonia Noveboracinsis tomentdsa (Walt.) Britton,
Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 311. 1894.
Chrysocoma tomenlosa Walt. Fl. Car. 196. 1788.
Leaves densely puberulent beneath, broader; involucre purple, some scales sometimes merely
acute. In dry soil, Virginia to North Carolina.
3. Vernonia crinita Raf. Great
Iron-weed. (Fig. 3602.)
y. crinita Raf. New Flora N. A. 4: 77. 1836.
yernonia Arkansana DC. Prodr. 7: 264. 1838.
C. Arkansana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 969. 1891.
Stout, glabrate or finely rough-pubescent,
8°-i2'* high. Leaves narrowly lanceolate,
finely denticulate, acuminate, 4'-i2' long, 3"-
12" wide; heads stout-peduncled, the pedun-
cles thickened above; involucre hemispheric,
9"-i2''' broad, 50-70-flowered ; bracts green,
or the upper reddish, very squarrose,all filiform-
subulate from a broader base and equalling the
head, the inner ones somewhat wider below;
achenes hispidulous on the ribs.
On prairies and along streams, Missouri to
Texas. Aug.-Oct.
3. Vernonia Baldwinii Torr. Bald-
win's Iron-weed. (Fig. 3603.)
y. lialdwiniiTon. Ann. Lye N. Y. 2: an. 1827.
Cacalia Baldwtnii Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 969-
1891.
Stout, 2°-5%° high, finely and densely to-
nientose-pubescent. Leaves lanceolate or ob-
long-lanceolate, acuminate or acute at the
apex, sharply serrate, 4'-8' long, %'-2' wide,
scabrate above, densely tomentulose beneath;
heads stout-peduncled, 15-30-flowered; invo-
lucre hemispheric, 3"-4" broad; bracts ovate,
the acute tips recurved or spreading.
In dry soil, Missouri and Nebraska to Texas.
July-Sept.
Genus i.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
303
4. Vernonia gUuca (L.) Britton.
Broad-leaved Iron-weed.
(Fig. 3604.)
Serralula glauca L. Sp. PI. 818. 1753.
Vernonia Noveboraeensis var. lalt/olia A.
Gray, Syn. PI. i: Part 3, Sq. 1884.
yernonia glauca Britton, Mem. Torr. Club,
5: 311. 1894.
Slender, glabrous or finely puberulent,
a°-5° high. Leaves thin, the lower broadly
oval or slightly obovate, sharply serrate,
acute or acuminate, 4'-?' long, \'-i'A'
wide, the upper narrower and more Anely
toothed; inflorescence loosely branched;
heads slender- peduncled, io-20-flowered;
involucre campanulate, 2"-^^" broad;
bracts ovate, acute, or mucronate, or the
upper ones obtuse, all appressed; achenes
minutely hispidulous.
In woods, Pennsylvania and Maryland to
Ohio, south to Florida and Louisiana. Aug.-
Sept.
Texas.
6. Vernonia fasciculiita Michx.
Western Iron-weed. (Fig. 3606.)
Vernonia fascicutata Michx. PI. Bor. Am.
a: 94. 1803.
Cacalia /asciculala Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI.
970. 1891.
Glabrous, or puberulent above, z^-fiP
high. Leaves firm, lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate, long-acuminate, 3'-6' long, a"
-15'' wide, glabrous or nearly so on both
surfaces; inflorescence usually compact;
heads short-peduncled,or some of them ses-
sile; involucre campanulate, 2"-^" broad,
20-30-80 wered; bracts all appressed, ovate
or oval, acute, ciliate, or sometimes pubes-
cent; achenes glabrous, or a little pubes-
cent.
In moist soil or on prairies, Ohio to Minne-
sota and Dakota, south to Kentucky and
Texas. July-Sept.
5. Vernonia gigantda (Walt.)
Britton. Tall Iron-weed.
(Fig. 3605.)
Chrysocoma jrifranlea Walt. Fl. Car. 196. 1788.
Vernonia allisstma Nult. Gen. a: 134. 1818.
Cacalia giganlea Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 324.
1891.
Vernonia giganlea Britton; Kearney, Bull.
Torr. Club, ao; 485. 1893.
Glabrous or nearly so, s'-io" high.
Leaves thin, lanceolate, sometimes broadly
so, usually long-acuminate, finely serrate,
4'-i2' long, yi'-i yi' wide, usually glabrous
on both surfaces; inflorescence at length
loosely branched and open; heads short-
peduncled or some of them sessile; invo-
lucre campanulate or turbinate, 2"-^"
broad, 15-30- flowered; bracts obtuse or
mucronate, more or less ciliate, appressed;
achenes slightly hispidulous.
In mpiHt soil, Pennsylvania to Florida,
west to Illinois, Kentucky and Louisiana.
July-Sept.
304 COMPOSITAB. [Voi„ 111.
7. Vernonia Druinm6ndii Sbuttlw. Drumtnond's Iron-weed. (Fig. 3607.)
yemonia allissima var. grandiflora A.
Gray, Syn. PI. i: Part a, 90. 1884. Not
y. grand ijlora lx»». i8jt.
I'ernonia Drummondii Sliuttlw ; Wer-
ner, Jnurn. Cine. 80c. Nat. Hilt. 16:
171. 1894.
Stout, densely tonientoseij"-?" high.
Leaves lanceolate to narrowly obk ng,
acuminate, finely serrate, 3' o' long,
yi'-i^' wide, scabrous above, densely
pubescent beneath; inflorescence usu-
ally compart; heads short-peduncled;
involucre hemispheric or short-cylin-
dric, a"-6" in diameter, i5-5o-flow-
ered; bracts purplish, appressed, ovate,
acute, or mucronate, more or less floc-
cose- pubescent or ciliate; achenes gla-
brous or a little pubescent.
Prairies. Illinois and Kentucky to Mis-
souri and Texas, Autumn.
8. Vernonia margindta (Torr.)
Britton. James' Iron-weed.
(Fig. 3608.)
yernonia allissima var. marginataton. Ann.
Lye. N. Y. a: aio. 1817.
yernoHiaJamesit T. & O. Fl. N. A. a: 58. 1841.
Cacalia marginala Kuntze, Rev. Gen, PI. 968.
1891.
yernonia marginala Britton, Mem.Torr.Club,
5; 311. 1894-
Glabrous or very nearly so, i°-3° high.
Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, minutely
denticulate, i-nerved, firm, punctate, a'-s'
long, \%"-'s" wide, acuminate; inflores-
cence rather loose ; beads slender-peduncled ;
involucre campanulate or turbinate, 15-30-
flowered, ^"-d" broad; bracts ovate or oval,
acute, mucronate or obtusish, purplish,some-
what pubescent, appressed; achenes nearly
glabrous, or somewhat pubescent.
Praiites, Nebraska to Texas and New Mex-
ico. Autuinn.
a. ELEPHANTOPUS L. Sp. PI. 814. 1753.
Perennial rigid pubescent herbs, with alternate or basal, simple pinnately-veined leaves,
and in our species glomerate bracted heads of blue or purple flowers in branching corymbs.
Heads discoid, a-s-flowered. Involucre compressed, oblong, its chaffy bracts imbricated in
about 3 series, the 4 outer bracts shorter. Bractsof the glocierules large, foliareous. Recep-
tacle small, naked. Corolla nearly regular, s-lobed, but a little deeper cleft on the inner
side. Achenes lo-ribbed, truncate. Pappus of rigid persistent awn-like scales or bristles in
I or a rows. [GreeL, ivory, or Elephant's-foot.]
About 14 species, natives of tropical or warm regions. Only the following are known to occur
^n the United SUtes.
Stem and branches usually I'^aiy
Stem scapiform, naked, r with 1 or a leaves.
Leaves oblong or obtanceolate, 9"-a' wide; heads a" long.
I,t.aves ovate, oval, or obovate, a' -4' wic t\ heads 6 long.
I. E. Carolinianus.
a. E. nudatui.
3. E. lomenlosus
Gkni's a.]
THISTLE FAMILY,
:o occur
I. Elephantopus CaroliniAnus
Willd. Carolina Elephaul's-foot.
(Fig. 3609.)
Elfl>hanlopus Carolinianus Wllld, Sp.
I'l. 3: J.v/j, 1804.
Hrect, hiraute-pubescent, or glabratc
above, branched above, i°-3° bigh.
Leaves oval, ovale, or obovate, thin, the
lower rather abruptly narrowed into
margined petioles, obtuse, crenate-den-
tate, 3'-8' long, 2'-4' wide, the upper
smaller, narrower and sessile; glom-
erules, including the bracts, nearly i'
broad; scales of the pappus lanceolate-
subulate, gradually narrowed into a long
slender awn.
In dry woodH, southern New Jersey and
PciinHylvania to Florida, west to Kansas
and Texas. Aug.-Sept.
3. Elephantopus tomentdsus
L. Woolly Elephant's-foot.
Tobacco-weed. (Fig. 361 1.)
Elephantopus lomenlosus 1,. Sp. PI. 814.
1753-
Erect, villous-pubescent, or some-
times glabrate, i°-3° high, the stem
branching above, leafless or with i or 3
leaves. Basal leavesovate, oval, oblong,
or obovate, obtuse, sessile, narrowed at
the base, usually silky-pubescent be-
neath, crenate- dentate, 4'-9' long, 2'-^
wide; glomerules i'-i>j'' broad; heads
about ()" long; scales of the pappus tri-
angular-subulate, gradually narrowed
into the awn.
In moist soil, Virgrinia to Florida, west
to Kentucky, Arkansas and Louisiana.
Called also Devil's Grandmother. Aug.-
Sept.
a. Elephantopus nudittus A.
Gray. Smoothish Elephant's-foot.
(Fig. 3610.)
Elephantopus nudalus A. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 15: 47. 1880.
Erect, rather stout, appressed-pubes-
cent, or glabrate, i°-3° high. Leaves ob-
long or oblanceolate, obtuse at the apex,
gradually narrowed at the base, crenate or
repand, a'-io' long, 9"-2' wide, the basal
ones usually much larger than those of
the stem and branches, or these usually
few and bract-like; glomerules 6"-9"
broad; heads about 4'' long; scales of the
pappus ovate-triangular, abruptly nar-
rowed into the awn.
In sand; croods, Delaware to Florida, west
to Arkansas and Louisiana. Aug.-Sept.
3o6
COMPOSITAE.
[Voi„ III.
3. SCLEROLEPIS Cass. Bull. Soc. Philom. 1816: 198. 1816.
Slender aquatic herbs, with linear entire verticillate leaves, and solitary (rarely 2-4) dis-
coid peduncled terminal heads of small purplish flowers. Involucre broadly campanulate or
h« mispheric. Bracts imbricated in about'z series. Receptacle conic, naked. Corolla regu-
lar, its tube short, its limb campanulate, s-lobed. Anthers obtuse at the base. Style-
branches slender, obtuse. Pappus of 5 broad cartilaginous obtuse scales. Achenes 5-angled.
[Greek, hard scale, referring to the pappus.]
A monotypic treuus of eastern North America.
I. Sclerolepis unifldra (Walt.) Pcrler.
Sclerolepis. (Fig. 3612.)
AEIhulia untflora Walt. Fl. Car. 195. J788.
Sparganophorus verticillalus Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. a:
98. 1803.
Sclerolepis verticillala Cass. Diet. 48; 155. 1827.
Sclerolepis unijtora Porter, Mem. Torr. Club, $: 311.
1894.
Perennial; stem simple, decumbent at the base,
erect or ascending, glabrous or slightly pubescent,
i°-2° long, leafy. Leaves sessile, verticillate in
4'3-6's, linear, i-nerved, 4"-! 2" long, }^"-i"
wide, or the submerged ones iiliform; head about
5'' broad; bracts of the involucre linear-oblong,
acutisb, usually puberulent.
In shallow ponds and streams, pine-barrens of New
Jersey to Florida. July-Sept.
4. EUPATORIUM L. Sp. PI. 836. 1753.
Erect, mostly branching, perennia' herbs, with opposite or verticillate, or sometimes
alternate, often punctate leaves, and in our species cymose-pauiculate discoid heads of
-white blue or purple flowers. Involucre oblong, ovoid, campanulate, or hemispheric, the
bracts imbricated in 2-several series. Receptacle flat, convex, or conic, naked. Corolla reg-
ular, its tube slender, its limb 5-lobed or 5-toothed. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base,
appendiculate at the apex. Style-branches elongated, flattened, or thickened above, stig-
matic at he base. Achenes 5-angled, truncate. Pappus of numerous capillary usually sca-
brous bristles arranged in i row. [Named for Mithridates Eufialor, t. ^., of a noble father.]
About 475 species, mostly of warm or tropical rejrions. Besides the following, some 30 other*
occur in the southern and western parts of North America.
-X- Leaves alternate, pinnatifid into filiform segments, i. /;, capilli/olium,
^ ^ Leaves petioled, verticillate in 3's-6's, or the upper opposite.
Leaves thick, rugose, pubescent; inflorescence depressed. 2. E. tnacnla/um.
Leaves thin, nearly glabrous; inflorescence pyramidal. 3. /i. purpureum.
^- ^ -X- Leaves opposite (rarely in 3's), or the uppermost alternate,
t Involucral bracts imbricated in 2 or more series, the outer shorter.
I. Leaves, at least the lower, slender-petioled. 4. E. serotinum.
2. Leaves all sessile, short-petioled or coiinate-perfoliate.
a. Leaves not clasping nor connate- perfoliate.
jJ Leaves narrowed at the base.
Bracts of the involucre acute or cuspidate.
^eaves linear-lanceolate, sparingly toothed, 2" -6" wide. 5. E. leucolepis.
eaves oblong or lanceolate, coarsely toothed, M'-i5i' wide. 6. E. album.
Bracts of the involucre obture.
Leaves linear, crowded, usually entire, obtuse.
Leaves lanceolate, oval, or oblong, usually dentate.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, dentate. 8.
Leaves oblong to oval, sharpjv dentate, obtusish or acute. 9.
Leaves lanceolate, sparingly dentate, long-acuminate. 10.
'i 'i Leaves rounded, obtuse or truncate at the base.
Plant glabrous; leaves lanceolate, long-acuminate.
Plants pubescent; leaves ovate or oblong, acute or obtuse.
Leaves ovate-oblong, rounded at the base, usually obtuse.
Leaves broadly ovate, crenate-dentate, mostly truncate at the base, obtusish.
13. E.
Leaves ovate, dentate, acute. i4. E.
b. Leaves clasping or connate-perfoliate at the base.
Leaves connate-perfoliate; involucral bracts acute. 15. E.
Leaves merely clasping; involucral bricts obtuse. 16. E.
t t involucral brads in i or 2 series, all equal or nearly so.
Receptacle Rat; flowers white.
Leaves thin, 3' -5' long, sharply dentate, acuminate. 17. E. ageratoides.
7. E. hyssopi/olium.
E. Torreyanum.
E. semiserratum.
E. altissimum.
E. sessilifoliwm.
E. verbenae/olium.
rotundi/olium.
. pubescens.
. per/olialum.
resinosum.
Genus 4.]
THISTLE FAMILY,
307
18. E. aromaticum.
19. E. coelestinum.
Dog- fennel. Hog- weed.
Uum.
int.
ndes.
Leaves thickish, i'-2' longr, blunt-toothed, acute or obtusish.
Receptacle conic; flowers blue or violet; leaves petioled.
I. Eupatorium capillifdlium (Lam.) Small.
(Fig. 3613.)
Artemisia capilli/olia Lam. Encycl. i: 267. 1783.
Eupatorium JbeniculoidesVfaXt. Fl. Car. igq. 1788.
E. foeniculaceum Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1750. 1804.
E. capilli/olium Small, Mem. Torr.Club, 5:311. 1894.
Erect, paniculately much branched, with the
aspect of an Artemisia^ the stem finely pubes-
cent, 4°-io° high. Leaves crowded, glabrous or
nearly so, alternate, pinnatifid into filiform seg-
ments, the lower petioled, the upper sessile;
heads very numerous, about \yi" high, short-
pedicelled, racemose-paniculate, 3-6-flowered;
bracts of the involucre in about 2 series, linear,
cuspidate, narrowly scarious-margined, gla-
brous; flowers greenish white.
In fields, Virginia to Florida. Also in the West
Indies. Sept.
2. Eupatorium maculMum L,.
Spotted Joe-Pye Weed. (Fig. 3614,)
E. maculatum L .'Vmoen. Aca-.l. 4: 288. 1755.
Eupatorium purpureum vrr. maculatum
Darl Fl. Cest. 453. 1837.
Similar to the following species, but sca-
brous or pubescent, often densely so, a°-6°
high. Pten: usually striate, often rough and
spottec with purple; leaves thick, ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, coarsely dentate, verticil-
late in 3's-5's, or the upper ones opposite;
inflorescence depressed, cymose-panicu-
late; pedicels and outer scales of the invo-
lucre pubescent; flowers pink or purple.
In moist soil, New York to Kentucky,Minne-
sota, British Columbia, Kansas and New Mex-
ico. Called also Spotted Boneset. Aug. -Sept.
Eupatorium macuUtum amoinum (Pursli) Brit-
ton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 312. 1894.
E. amoenum Pursh, Fl. .\m. Sept. 514. 1814.
Leaves opposite, or in 3's or 4's, ovate or
oblong; heads smaller and fewer; plant low. In dryer places, Virginia to New York.
3. Eupatorium purpircum L. Joe-Pye or Trumpet-weed. Gravel-root.
Tall or Purple Boneset. (Fig. 3615.)
Eupatorium tri/oliatum L. Sp. PI. 837. 1753. ?
Eupatorium purpureum L. Sp. PI. 838. 1753.
Glabrous or sparingly pubescent, simple, or
branched at the summit,3° -10° high. Stem green
or purple,terete or striate, usually smooth; leaves
thin, verticillate in 3'8-6'8, ovate, oval, or ovate-
lanceolate, petioled, acuminate, serrate \'~i%'
long, i'-3' wide, glabrous or slightly pubescent
along the veins on the lower surface; inflores-
cence usually elongated; heads very numerous;
involucre cylindric, its bracts pink, oblong, ob-
tuse, imbricated in 4 or 5 series, the outer ahorter;
flowers pink or purple, occasionally white.
In moist soil, New Brunswick to Manitoba, Florida
and Texas. Called also Kidney-root, Queen of the
Meadow. Aug.-Sept.
Eapatoiiom purpuntum falc^tum (Michx. ) Bntton,
Mem. Torr. Cli ^ 312. 1894.
E. falcatum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. a: 99. 1803.
Eupatorium purpureum vat. angusti/oliumT. &
G. Fl. N. A. a: 82. 1841.
I.«ave8 narrower, linear, lanceolate, or linear-
oblong, 6"-i5" wide. With the type.
COMPOSITAE.
[Voi,. III.
5. Eupatorium leuc61epis T. & G.
White-bracted Thoroughwort.
Justice-weed. (Fig. 3617.)
E. leucolepis T. &. G. Fl. N. A. a: 84. 1841.
Slender, puberulent, branched above, i°-
3° high. Leaves opposite, sessile, linear,
oblong or oblong-lanceolate,glaucous green,
rough, thick, blunt-pointed, sparingly ser-
rate, or the upper entire, I'-s' long, 2"-5"
wide, obscurely 3-nerved and narrowed at
the base; inflorescence cymose-paniculate;
heads 2>"-\" h'gb, about 5-flowered; bracts
of the narrow involucre imbricated in about
3 series, white, lanceolate, acute, densely
canescent, the outer shorter; flowers white.
In moist places, pine-barrens of New Jersey
to Florida, Georgia and Louisiana. Aug. -Sept
4. Eupatorium ser6tinum Michx.
I,ate-flowering Thoroughwort.
(Fig. 3616.)
E. serotinum Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. a: 100. 1803.
Much branched, finely and densely pubes-
cent, or glabrate below, 4°-8° high. Leaves
all slender-petioled, lanceolate or ovate-lan-
ceolate, acuminate, sharply serrate, j'-S'
long, j^'-a' wide, 5-nerved at the base, the
lower opposite, the upper alternate; heads
very numerous, the inflorescence broadly
cymose; heads 7- 15-flowered, 2"-^" high;
involucre campanulate, its bracts pubescent,
linear-oblong, obtuse or truncate, imbricated
in 2 or 3 series, the outer shorter; flowers white.
In moist soil, Maryland to Florida, west to
Iowa, Kansas and Texas. Sept. -Nov.
involucre gfreenish. Eastern Long Island and New Jersey.
6. Eupatorium 61bum L. White
Thoroughwort. (Fig. 3618.)
Eupatorium album L. Mant. in. 1767.
Eupalorium glandulostim Michx. Fl. Bor, Am.
a: 98. 1803.
Pubescent with spreading hairs, branched
above, i°-3° high. Leaves opposite, sessile
or nearly so, oblong or oblong-lanceolate,
obtuse, obtusish or the upper acute at the
apex, narrowed at the base, coarsely serrate,
i'-4' long, }i'-i' wide, rather thick, mi-
nutely scabrous above, more or less pubes-
cent beneath; inflorescence cymose-pani-
culate; heads numerous, A,"-^" long, 5-7-
flowersd; involucre narrow, its bracts bright
white, linear, cuspidate, imbricated in 3-4
series, the outer short and usually pubescent,
the inner much longer, glabrous and shining;
flowers white.
In sandy soil, Long Island to Florida, west to
Louisiana. Ascendsto3oooft, in Virginia, Aug.-
Sept
Eupatoiium Album subvenisum A. Gray, Syn.
Fl. I. Part 2, 98. 1884.
Leaves I'-a' long, acute, less coarsely serrate,
prominently 3-nerved at the base; bracts of the
Genus 4.]
THISTLE FAMILY
7-
west to
L. Aug.-
Eupatorium hyssopifdlium L.
Hyssop-leaved Thoroughwort.
(Fig. 3619.)
'753-
Eupalorium hyssopifolium L. Sp. PI. 836.
^. linea rifoHum Walt. Fl. Car. 199. 1788.
Ro'*.-»hish-puberulent, densely corymbosely
branched above, bushy, i°-a° high. Leaves
linear, opposite, and fascicled in the axils of the
stem, or on short axillary branches, entire or
very nearly so, yi'-i' long, \"-i" wide, firm,
obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base; in-
florescence densely cymose-paniculate; heads
3"-4" long, about 5-flowered; involucre cam-
panulate, its bracts linear or linear-oblong, ob-
tuse or truncate, sometimes apiculate, puberu-
lent, imbricated in about 3 series, the outer
shorter; flowers white.
In dry fields, Massachusetts to Florida and
Texas. Called also Justice-weed. Leaf-margins
usually revolute. Aug.-Sept. A plant from the
coast of Maryland with very narrow leaves, closely
approaches Eupalorium lecheae/olium Greene,
from Florida.
8. Eupatorium Torreylknum Short.
Torrey's Thoroughwort. (Fig. 3620,)
Eupalorium Torreyanum Short, and Suppl. Cat.
PI. Ky. 5. 1836.
Eupalorium hyssopifolinm var. lacinialum A.
Gray, Syn. Fl. i: Part 2, g8. 1884.
Rootstoclc tuberous-thickened; stem usually
densely puberulent, mostly branched above,
i}i°-3° high. Leaves opposite, or sometimes
in 3's, commonly with short leafy branches in
their axils, often drooping, lanceolate, acute
at the apex, narrowed at the base, sessile, i'-
3' long, 7."-(t" wide, usually distinctly 3-
nerved, distantly serrate, the upp>er and those
of the branches much smaller, linear, entire;
inflorescence mostly loose; heads about 3"
high, generally 5-flowered; bracts of thecam-
panulate involucre linear-oblong, obtuse,
pubescent, or puberulent, imbricated in about
3 series, the outer shorter; flowers white.
In dry soil, Pennsylvania to North Carolina,
Kentucky, Florida and Texas. July-Sept.
9. Eupatorium semiserr&tum DC.
Small-flowered Thoroughwort.
(Fig. 3621.)
Eupalorium ambiguum Hook. Comp. Bot.
Mag. i: 96. In part. 1835.
E. semiserratum DC. Prodr. 5: 177. 1836.
Pubescent or puberulent, loosely branched
above, a°-3° high. Leaves rather thin, short-
petioled,oblong-lanceolate to spatnlate, acute
or obtusish at the apex, narrowed at the base,
sharply serrate, at least above the middle, 2'-
i,' long, s'-'-ia" wide, 3-nerved, usually with
short branches in their axils; inflorescence
cymose-paniculate; heads 2"-y high, about
S-flowered; involucre campanulate, its bracts
linear-oblong,obtu8e,canescent,imbricatedin
2 or 3 series, the outer shorter; flowers white.
In dry soil, Virginia to Florida, Texas and
Arkansas. Aug.-Sept.
3IO
COMPOSITAE.
[Vox,. III.
II. Eupatorium sessilifdlium L. Up-
land or Bastard Boneset. (Fig. 3623.)
Eupatorium sessili/olium h. Sp. PI. 837. 1753.
Glabrous throughout, or pubescent above,
branched near the summit, 2°-6° high. I.eaves
opposite, or the lower rarely in 3's, closely ses-
sile, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, long-acumi-
nate, thin, sharply serrate, 3'-6' long, '/i'-iyi'
wide, inflorescence cymose-paniculate; heads
^"S" high, about 5-flowered; involucre cam-
pauulate, its bracts hnear-oblong, imbricated in
about 3 series, the inner obtuse, the outer acut-
ish, shorter; flowers white.
In dry woods, Masiachusetts to Pennsylvania,
Illinois and Alabama. Aug.-Oct.
Kupatorlum sessilifdlium Brittoniknum Porter,
Bull. Torr. Club, 19: 129. 1892.
Leaves ovate or oblong-ovate, sparingly and finely
serrate, firm, rounded at the base, acute, the upper
i'-2' long, 6"-<)" wide, pinnately veined, dark
ffteen; cymes dense, their branches puberulent.
Budd's Lake, N. J. Perhaps a distinct species.
10. Eupatorium altissimum L.
Tall Thoroughwort . ( Fig. 362 2 . )
Eupalorium allissimum L. Sp. PI. 837. 1753.
Densely and finely pubescent, corym-
bosely much-branched above, 4°-8° high.
Leaves lanceolate, acuminate at the apexi
tapering below into a short petiole, rough-
ish, rather thick, sparingly dentate above
the middle.or some of them entire,strongly
3- ribbed, a'-s' long, $"-ii" wide; inflor-
escence densely cymose-paniculate; heads
about 5-flowered, 2,"-^," high; involucre
campanulate, its bracts oblong, obtuse, or
truncate, densely pubescent, imbricated
in about 3 series, the outer shorter; flow-
ers white.
In dry open places, Pennsylvania to North
Carolina and Alabama, west to Iowa, Ne-
braska and Texas. Sept. -Oct.
12. Eupatorium verbenaefdlium
Michx. Rough or Vervain Thorough-
wort. (Fig. 3624.)
Eupa/oHtimptlosnm'WM.'Pl.Ca.T.K)!). 1788. ?
Eupalotium verbenaefolinm Michx. Fl. Bor.
Am. a- 98. 1803.
E. teucriifolium Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 175.V i8o.j.
Rough-pubescent, slender, 3°-8° high,
branched at the summit. Leaves opposite,
or occasionally in 3's, ovate-oblong, usually
obtuse or blunt-pointed, closely sessile or
rarely short-petioled, rounded at the base,
more or less crenate-dentate, a'-4' long, %'-
I '' wide, the upper pairs distant and smal 1 ; in-
florescence cymose-paniculate; heads 5-flow-
ered, about 3" high; involucre campanulate,
its bracts linear-lanceolate, acute, imbricated
in about 3 series, densely pubescent, the
outer shorter; flowers white.
In moist soil, Massachusetts to Pennsylvania,
south to Florida and Louisiana, Called also
Wild Hoarhound. July-Sept.
Genus 4]
THISTLE FAMILY
13. Eupatorium rotundifdlium I^.
Round-leaved Thoroughwort.
Wild Hoarhound. (Fig. 3625.)
E. rolnndi/olium L. Sp. PI. 837. 1753.
Rough-pubescent, branched at the sum-
mit, i°-3° high. Leaves opposite, sessile,
broadly ovate, often as wide as long, acut-
ish or obtuse, truncate to subcordate at the
base, coarsely dentate-crenate, i'-2' long,
ascending; inflorescence cymose-panicu-
late; heads about j-flowered, 2"-y high;
involucre campanulate, its bracts linear-ob-
long, acute, densely pubescent, imbricated
in about 3 rows, the outer shorter; flowers
white.
In dry soil, southern New York to Worida,
Kentucky and Texas. Reported from Canada,
but doubtful. July-Sept.
14. Eupatorium pub6scens Muhl.
Hairy Thoroughwort. (Fig. 3626.)
E. pubescens Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1755. 1804.
Eupatorium rolundi/olium var. ovatum Torr.;
DC. Prodr. $: 178. 1836.
Puberulent or pubescent, branched above,
usually taller than the preceding species.
Leaves opposite, ovate, sessile, often twice as
long as wide, acute at the apex, rounded or
truncate at the base, coarsely dentate with
acute or acutish teeth, or the lower incised-
dentate; inflorescence cymose-paniculate,
sometimes lo' broad; heads 5-8-fiowered,
2'/_j// high; involucre campanulate, its
linear-oblong bracts in 2 or 3 series, the outer
shorter; flowers white.
In dry soil, Massachusetts to Pennsylvania
West Virginia and Florida. Ascends to 3000 ft.
in Virginia. July-Sept.
15. Eupatorium perfoli^tum L.
Common Thoroughwort. Bone-
set. Indian Sage. (Fig. 3627.)
E. per/oliatum L. Sp. PI. 838. 1753.
Pubescent, stout, branched above,
2°-5° high. Leaves opposite, or rarely
in 3's, connate-perfoltate, divaricate,
lanceolate, long-acuminate with a slen-
der apex, finely crenate-serrate, rugose
and pubescent beneath, 4''-8' long, i'-
i}i' wide; heads crowded, io-i6-flow-
ered, 2"-j," high; in volucre campanu-
late, its bracts lanceol&te, acutiph, im-
bricated in 3 or 3 series, pubescent,
the outer shorter; flowers white, rarely
blue.
In wet places, New Brunswick to Mani-
toba, Florida, Nebraska and Texas.
Called also Ague-weed, Cross-wort.
Wild Sage, Thorough-wax. July-Sept.
Eupatorium pert oUitum truncitum ( Muhl. )
A. Gray, Syn. Fl. i: Part a. 99. 1804.
Eupatorium truncatum Muhl.; Willd.
Sp. PI. 3: 1751. 1804.
Leaves separated and truncate, or somewhat rounded at the base.
Occasional with the type.
312
COMPOSITAE.
[Vot. III.
I?
17. Eupatorium ageratoides L. f.
White Snake-root. White Sanicle.
Deerwort Boneset. (Fig. 3629.)
E. ageratotdes h. f. Suppl. 355, 1781.
Glabrous or nearly so, much branched,
i°-4° high. Leaves opposite, thin, acu-
minate at apex, rounded, truncate or cor-
date at the base, or abruptly narrowed into
the slender petiole, coarsely and usually
sharply dentate-serrate, sometimes cre-
nate, 3'-6' long, I'-i' wide, 3- nerved and
veiny; petioles >^'-2j^' long; inflorescence
rather loose, ample; heads io-30-flowered;
receptacle flat; involucre narrowly cam-
panulate, about 2" high, its bracts linear,
acute or acuminate, in i or 3 series, equal
or nearly so; flowers bright white.
In rich woods. New Brunswick to western
Georgia, Ontario, Nebraska, the Indian Terri-
tory and I^ouisiana. Indian Sanicle. July-Nov.
Eupatorium perfoUitum cuneitum ( Bngel. ) A.Gray,
loc. cit. 100, with leaves smaller, narrowed and sepa-
rated at the base, occurrinfif in Arkansas and Mis-
souri, is regarded by collectors as a hybrid with E.
serolinum.
16. Eupatorium resindsum Torr.
Resin Boneset. (Fig. 3628.)
E. resinosum Torr. DC. Prodr. 5: 176. 1836.
Slender, resinous-pubescent, 2''-3° high,
branched at the summit, the inflorescence com-
paratively small, 3'-4' broad. Leaves opposite,
closely sessile, clasping, or slightly connate-per-
foliate at the base, linear-lanceolate, long-acu-
minate, sharply serrate, 3'-6' long, 3"-6" wide,
roughish above, canescent beneath; heads 10-
15-flowered; involucre campanulate, about 2"
high, its bracts oblong, obtuse, imbricated in 3
or 3 series, the outer shorter; flowers white.
In wet places, pine-barrens of New Jersey. Aug.-
Sept.
18. Eupatorium aromiticum L,.
Smaller White Snake-root.
(Fig. 3630.)
Eupatorium aromaticum L. Sp. PI. 839. 1753.
Puberulent or glabrate, slender, branched
at the summit, i°-2° high. Leaves opposite,
petioled, firm, obtuse or acutish at the apex,
rounded, cordate or sometimes narrowed at the
base, crenate-dentate, i^i'-s'long, 9"-i8" wide,
3-nerved and veiny; petioles ^"-8" long; inflor-
escence usually compact; heads 40--25-tlowered;
receptacle flac; involucre campanulate; i^'"-2"
high, its bracts linear, generally obtuse, in i or
3 series; flowers white.
In dry soil, Massachusetts to Florida. Blooms
rather later than the preceding species when ihe
two grow together. Called also Poolroot, Poo: ort,
and Wild Hoarhound. Aiig.-Oct.
Gbnus 5.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
3'3
ig. Eupatorium coelestinum L,.
Mist-flower. (Fig. 3631.)
Eupatorium coelestinum L. Sp
DC.
PI. 8
Pro^
838.
idr.
1753-
S- 135-
Conoclinium coelestinum
1836,
Pubescent or puberuleat, branched, i°-i°
high. Leaves opposite, petioled, ovate, ob-
tuse or acute at the apex, truncate at the
base, or abruptly contracted into the petiolei
crenate-dentate, i}i'-i' long, g'^-iS'" wide;
inflorescence cymose-corymbose, rather com-
pact; heads .."-;/' high; involucre broadly
campanulate, its bracts linear-tanceolate,
acuminate, equal or nearly so, in I or 2
series; receptacle conic; flowers blue or vio-
let.
In moist soil, New jersey to Florida, west to
Illinois, Kansas, Arkansas and Texus. Also in
Cuba. Aug. -Oct.
5. WILLUGHBAEA Neck. Elem. i: 82. 1790.
[MiKANiA Willd. Sip. Pi. 3: 1742. 1804.]
Herbaceous twining vines, or some tropical :)pecies erect shrubs, with opposite, petioled
leaves, and discoid, mostly cymose-paniculate heads of whitish flowers. Heads 4-flowered.
Involucre oblong, of 4 slightly unequal narrow bracts. Receptacle small, naked. Corolla
regular, its tube slender, the limb campanulate, 5-clefl. Anthers entire and obtuse at the
base. Style-branches elongated, acutish. Achenes truncate, 5-angled. Pappus of numerous
capillary roughish bristles in i or 3 series. [Probably named in honor of Francis Wil-
loughby, 1635-1673, English naturalist, but the name spelled by Necker as above.]] st
About 150 species, natives of America. Besides the following another occurs in the southern
United States.
I. Willughbaea sc&ndens
(ly.) Kuntze. Climbing Hemp-
weed or Boneset. (Fig. 3632.)
E. scandensh-Sp.VX.i^. 1753.
Miiania scandens Willd. Sp. Pi. 3: 1743.
1804.
Wiltoughbya scandens Kuntze, Rev. C.en.
PI. 371. 1891.
Glabrous or nearly so, twining over
bushes, 5°- 1 5° long. Leaves ovate or
hastate, deeply cordate at the base
with the lobes rounded or truncate,
acuminate at the apex, repand or ob-
tusely dentate, 2'-4' long, I'-i' wide;
petioles slender, shorter than the
blades; heads in compound clusters
borne at the ends of the branches; invo-
lucre about 3" long, its bracts lanceo-
late, acuminate or apiculate; flowers
white or pink; achenes resinous.
In swamps and moist soil, filassachu-
setts to western Ontario and Indiana,
Florida and Texas. Also in the West
Indies and South America. July-Sepc.
6. COLEOSANTHUS Cass. Diet. 10: 36. 1817.
[BRiCKStLiA Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. a: 390. 1834.]
Herbs or shrubs, with opposite or alternate leaves, and discoid heads of white yello<rish
or pink flowers, in panicles or cymes, or rarely soli'tary. Involucre campanulate or obi 3ng,
its bracts striate, imbricated in several series, the exterior ones successively smaller. Re-
ceptacle flat or convex, naked. Corolla regular, 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse at the uane.
3M
COMPOSITAE.
[Vol,. III.
Large-flowered
Style-branches long, obtuse. Acbenes lo-striate or lo-ribbed. Pappus a single row of nu-
merous rough or serrate bristles. [Oreek, sheath- flower]
A genus of about 60 species. Besides the following some 40 others occur in the southern and
western United States.
I. Coleosanthus grandifldrus (Hook.) Kuntze.
Thoroughwort. (Fig. 3633.)
Eupatorium grandiflorutn Hook.
Fl. Bor. \m. a: j6. 1834.
Brickellia grandifiora Nutt. Trans.
Am. Phil. Soc. (11)7:287. 1841.
Coleosanthus graudiflorus Kuntze,
Rev. Gen. Pi; 328. 1891.
Erect, glabrous or puberulent,
much branched, 2''-3° high. Leaves
slender-petiolcd, deltoid-ovate, cor-
date at the base, acuminate at the
apex, coarsely crenate-dentate, 2'-
4' long, i'-2'wide; petioles shorter
than the leaves; inflorescence cy-
mose-paniculate; heads short-ped-
iincled, i)"-"}'' long; peduncles pu-
bescent; involucre campanulate,3o-
45-flowered, the outer bracts ovate,
pubescent, usually abruptly acumi-
nate or subulate-tipped, the inner
linear, glabrous, striate, obtuse or
acute; bristles of the pappus sca-
brous.
Montana to southern Missouri and
New Mexico, west to Oregon and
Arizona. Aug. -Sept.
7. KUHNIA L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 1662. 1763.
Perennial herbs, with alternate punctate resinous dotted leaves, and discoid heads of
white or purplish flowers in terminal cymose corymbs. Involucre turbinatecampanulate,
its bracts striate, imbricated in several series, the outer shorter. Corolla regular, the tube
slender, the limb 5-lobcd. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base, nearly or quite separate.
Style-branches slender, obtusish. Achencs lo-striatc. Pappus a single row of numerous
very plumose bristles. [Named for Dr. Adam Kuhn, of Philadelphia, a pupil of Linnaeus.]
About 8 species, native of North America and Mexico.
Puberulent; leaves sparingly dentate, or entire; heads loosely clustered, 4"-5" high.
I. K. eupatorioides.
Pubescent or tomentulose; leaves sharply serrate; heads densely clustered, 6"-8" high.
2. K. glulinosa.
I. Kuhnia eupatorioldes I,.
False Boneset. (Fig. 3634.)
Kuhnia eupatorioides L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, i66a.
1763-
Eupatortum allernt/olium Ard. Spec. Bot. a:
40. pi. 2o. 1764.
Erect, puberulent and resinous, i°-j,''
high, branched above. Leaves lanceolate or
linear-lanceolate, acute or obtusish at the
apex, narrowed at the base, sparingly den-
tate, or entire, the upper sessile, the lower
usually short-pctioled ; heads several or nu-
merous, peduncled, 4"-$" high, loosely
clustered; outer bracts of the involucre lan-
ceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, the
inner much longer, linear, cuspidate; pap-
pus tawny, or sometimes nearly white.
In dry soil, New Jersey to Georgia, Ohio,
West Virginia and Texas. Ascends to 3300 ft.
in West Virginia. Aug.-Sept.
Gknus 8.]
THISTLE FAMILY,
2. Kuhnia glutindsa Kll. Prairie
False Boneset. (Fig. 3635.)
Kultnia gtulinosa Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. a: 292.
1821-7,.
Kuhnia stiaveolens Vresen. Ind. Sem. Prancf. 1838.
Kuhnia eupalorioides var. corymbu/osa T. &. G.
Kl. N. A. 3:78. 1841.
Stouter and often taller than the preceding
species, corymbosely or paniculately branched,
pubescent or tonientulose, somewhat viscid.
Leaves all sessile, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate,
usually sharply serrate with distinct teeth,
veiny, I'-y long, y'-jo" wide; or those of the
branches linear-lanceolate and entire; beads
numerous, 6"-S'' high, densely cluster xi in llic
cymes, their peduncles mostly short; inner
bracts of the involucre lanceolate, acuminate;
pappus tawny or brown.
In dry soil, Illinois to South Dakota, Alabama
and Texas. Aug.-Oct.
8.
LACINARIA Hill, Veg. Syst. 4: 49.//. 46. 1762.
[LiATRis Schreb. Gen. PI. 542. 1791.]
Erect perennial herbs, usually from a globular tuber, simple or little branched, with
alternate entire narrow 1-5-nervcd leaves, and spicate or racemose disco-d heads of rose-
purple or white flowers. Involucre oblong, ovoid or subhemispheric, its bracts imbricated in
several series, the outer shorter. Receptacle flat, or slightly convex, naked. Corolla regu-
lar, its tube slender, its limb 5 lobed or 5-cleft. Anthers obtuse at the base. Style-branches
elongated, obtuse or flattened at the apex. Achenus 10 ribbed, slender, tfpcring to the ba9i\
Pappus of I or 3 series of slender barbellate or pluo^ose bristles. [Latin, fringed, from the
appearance of the heads.]
.About 16 species, natives of eastern and central North America, known as Blazing Siar, or Button
Snakeroot from the globular tubers.
^ Bract* of the involucre acute, acuminate or mucronate.
Involucre cylindric, or turbinate, 15-60-flowered, its base rounded.
Bracts with lanceolate spreading riirid tips.
Bracts mucronate, closely appressed.
Involucre oblong, or narrowly campanulate, 3-6-flowered.
Inner bracts with prolonged petaloid lips. 3. L. elegans.
Bracts all acute, mucronate or acuminate.
Bracts appressed; pappus-bristles very plumose.
Leaves i"-2" wide; spike usually leafy below.
Leaves less than i" wide; spike mostly naked.
L. squarrosa.
L. cylindracea.
Tips of the bracts spreading: pappus-bristles barbellate.
-If ¥r Bracts or the involucre rounded or obtuse.
L. punctata.
L. acidota.
L. pycnoslachya.
Involucre hemispheric, %'-\' broad, 15-45-flowered; heads peduncled. 7. L. scariosa.
Involucre oblong, 2"-4" broad, 5-15-flowered.
Involucreroundedatbase;bract8iiaually not punctate; heads mostly sessile. 8. /.. spicaia.
Involucre narrowed at base; bractsusually very punctate; heads peduncled. 9. /-. gratnini/olia.
I. Lacinaria squarrdsa (L.) Hill. Scaly
Blazing Star. Colic-root. (Fig. 3636.)
Serratula squarrosa L. Sp. PI. 818. 1753.
Lacinaria squarrosa Hill, Veg. Syst. 4: 49. 1762.
Liatris squarrosa Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1634. 1804.
Usually stout, yi°-2° high, pubescent or glabrous.
Leaves narrowly linear, rigid, sparingly punctate,
3'-6' long, i"-2 54" wide; heads sessile or short-pe-
duncted, i5-6oflowered, usually few, or sometimes
solitary, %'-\'/i' long, 4"-8''' thick; bracts of the
involucre imbricated in 5-7 series, lanceolate, rigid,
acuminate, glabrous or pubescent, their tips spread-
ing; flowers bright purple; pappus very plumose.
In dry soil, western Ontario to Kentucky and Plorida,
west to MtnnesotH, Nebraska and Tesas. Called also
Kattlesnake-master. June-Sept.
3i6
COMPOSITAK.
[Vol.. III.
h
w
fir
;a
[!r*'
LacinarU iquart&aa Intermidia (Lindl.) Porter, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 314.
LialHs intermedia Lindl. Bot. Reg. />/. 1)48. 1825.
Liatris squarro^a var. intermedia DC. Prodr. 5; 129. 1836.
Heads narrower; tips of the bracts less spreadinK- With the type.
1894.
3. Lacinaria 61egans (Walt.) Kuntze.
Handsome Blazing Star. (Fig. 3638.)
Stoepelina elegans Walt. Fl. Car. so2. 1788.
Liatris elegans Willd. Sp. PI. 3: i6,-5S. 1804.
Lacinaria elegans Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. .^49. 1891 .
Densely and finely pubescent, rarely glabrate,
2°-3° high. Leaves linear, very punctate, I'-s'
long, i"-i" wide, the upper much smaller than
the lower and soon reflexed; heads 4-5-flowered,
6'/_7" high, narrowly canipanulate, very
numerous in a dense spike or raceme sometimes
a foot long; bracts of the involucre in a or 3
series, the inner ones linear, dilated above into
oblong or lanceolate acutniuatc rose-colored
petaloid tips, or sometime vhite; pappus very -«**
plumose; flowers purple.
In dry soil, Virginia to Florida, Alabama and
Texas. Aug. -Oct.
a. Lacinaria cylindr&cea (Michx.)
Kuntze. Cylindric Blazing Star.
(Fig- 3637-)
Liatris cylindracea Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. a: 93.
1803.
Liatris gramini/olia Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 16 ^6.
1804.
Lactnaria cylindracea Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI.
,H9' '891.
Glabrous or nearly so, stout, i°-\%'' high,
sometimes branched above. Leaves narrowly
linear, rigid, scarcely punctate, i'-^' long,
I "-a" wide; heads several or numerous«
pcduncled, or the lower sessile, turbinate-
cylindric, l^'-i' high, 4"-6" thick, 15-60-
flowered; bracts of the involucre imbricated
in 5 or 6 series, broadly oval, appressed, ab-
ruptly acuminate at the apex; flowers purple;
pappus very plumose.
In dry soil, western Ontario to Minnesota.south
to Illinois and Missouri. July-Sept.
k
A
4, Lacinaria punctata (Hook.) Kuntze.
Dotted Button -Snakeroot. (Fig, 3639.)
Liatris punctata Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 306. pt. 5$.
1833-
Lacinarta punctata Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 349. 1891.
Glabrous, or sparingly pubescent, 6'-3o' high;
rootstock stout, branching, or globose. Leaves
linear, rigid, very punctate, 2'-(t' long, about l"
wide, or the lower 2", the upper gradually shorter,
all erect or ascending; heads 3-6-flowered, 6"-8"
long, sessile, crowded into a dense spike; spike
commonly leafy below; involucre narrowly cam-
panulate, acute or acutish at the base, its bracts ob-
long, cuspidate or acuminate, often ciliate on the
margins, sometimes woolly, imbricated in 4 or 5
series; flowers purple; pappus very plumose.
In dry soil. Minnesota and Manitoba to Montana,south
to Missouri, Texas, New Mexico andSonora. Aug. -Oct.
J-
Gkni-9 8.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
3'7
Slender Button-Snakeroot.
5. Lacinaria aciddta (Engelin. &Gray) Kunt/e.
(Fig. 3640.)
Lialrisaeidola Bngelm.&Cray, Host. Journ. Nnt. Hist. 5:
218. 1847.
Lacinaria acidola KunUe, Kev. Gen. PI, 349. 1891.
vSitnilar to the preceding species, but usually gla-
brous throughout, the rootstock globose, or elonga-
ting. Stem 2° high, or less, slender. Leaves narrowly
linear, ^i"-^" wide, or the lower wider, slightly
punctate, i'-4' long, the upper gradually shorter;
spike slender, naked, or sparingly leafy at the base,
4'- 10' long; heads 3-5-flowered, 6"-9" long; involucre
narrowly oblong-campanulate, its bracts oblong to
ovate-lanceolate, more or less punctate, abruptly or
gradually acuminate; glabrous or sparingly ciliate;
flowers purple; pappus plumose.
Prairie!!, Kansas (and Missouri, according^ to Bush) to
Texas. Aug. -Oct.
6. Lacinaria pycnostlichya (Michx.)
Kuntze. Prairie or Hairy Button-
Snakeroot. (Fig. 3641.)
Liatfis Pycnoslachya Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 91. 1801.
Lacinaria pycnosiachya Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 349. 1891.
Hirsute-pubescent above, usually glabrous below,
2°-5° high, very leafy. Lower leaves linear-lanceolate,
narrowed below the middle into a slender margined
petiole, acuminate at the apex, often 1° long and %'
wide, the upper much smaller, linear-subulate, rigid,
punctate; spikes very dense, 6'-i8' long; heads 4"-6"
long, 3-6-flowered; involucre oblong or cylindric, its
bractsobloug, pubescent and ciliate with acute, slightly
spreading, colored tips; flowers purple; pappus barbel-
late or roughened, not plumose.
On prairies, Illinois and Minnesota to Nebraska, south
to Kentucky, Louisiana and Texas. Aug. -Sept.
7. Lacinaria scaridsa (L.) Hill. Large Button-Snakeroot. (Fig. 3642.)
Serralula scariosa L. Sp. PI. 818. 1753.
Lacinaria scariosa Hill, Veg. Syst. 4: 49. 1762.
Lialris scariosa Willd. Sp. PI. 3: "635. 1804.
Finely pubescent, at least above, i°-6°
high. Lower leaves oblanceolate, spatulate
or oblong-lanceolate, narrowed into a mar-
gined petiole, acute or obtusish at the apex,
often 1° long and I'/i' wide; upper leaves
linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, or some-
times very obtuse, much smaller, all densely
punctate; heads hemispheric, %'-i' broad,
i5-45-flowered,on stout peduncles 2"--2'long,
or sometimes sessile; bracts of the involucre
imbricated in 5 or 6 series, spatulate-linear,
oblanceolate or obovate, rounded at the apex,
appressed, their tips dry andscarious,often col-
ored; flowers bluish purple; jtappusbarbellate.
In dry soil, Maine to Florida, west to Minne-
sota, western Ontario, Manitoba, Nebraska and
Texas. Called also Blue Blazing Star, Gay
Feather, Kattlesnake-master. .\ug.-Sept.
Ladnaria 8caii6sa squamildsa (Michx.) Small, Mem. Torr. Club, 4: 138. 1894.
Liatris squarrulosa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 92. 1803.
Lialris scariosa var. squarrulosa A. Gray, Syn. Fl. i: Part 2, no. 1884.
Heads smaller, V'-?" broad, turbinate-heraispheric. D-y woods, Virginia to Florida and Texas-
Ascends to 3300 ft. m West Virginia. Perhaps a distinct species.
COMPOSITAE.
[Vol.. III.
8. Lacinaria spic&ta(L.) Kunt/e.
Dense lJutto»-S»akeroot. Gay
Feather. Devil'.s Bit. (Fig. 3643.)
Si rmlata spiiala I,. Sp. PI. 8ii». 175V
l.ialris sf>icala Willd. Sp. PI. 3: i6,i6. 1804.
A. spicala Kuntzv, Rev. Cicn. PI. ,vto. 1891.
(•labrous or nearly «o, j°-6° liigli.
Lower leaves linear-lanceolate or linear-
oblong, usually blunt-pointed, sotnetinieii
1° long and 5" wide, the upper linear or
even subulate, Honiewhat or obscurely
punctate; spike generally dense, 4'-i5'
long; heads short-oblong or cylindric,
5-i,vflowered, %"-\" broad, mostly
sessile; involucre rounded or obtuse at
the base, its bracts appressed, oblong, ob-
tuse and scarious-niargined at the apex,
obscurely punctate, imbricated in 4-6
series; flowers blue-purple, occasionally
white; pappus roughened or barbellate.
In moiHtsoil.MasDHchuscttsto Florida, west
toWisconsin, Kentucky, I.ouisianaand Arkan-
sas. Called also Rough ur Backnche-root,
Throat-woit, Prairie Pine, Colic-root. Aug.-Oct.
Lacinaria spiciita pumlla ( I<odd. ) Porter, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 314. 1894.
I.iatris pitmila Lodd. Hot. Cab. pt. /,'/. i8ai.
l.ialris spicdia var. monlana A. Gray, Syn. Ft. 1: Part a, iii. 1884.
I.,ow, stout, \°-2° high. Lower leavcH broader and shorter, obtuse; spike shorter; heads larger.
g. Lacinaria graminifdlia (Walt.)
Kuntze. Loose-flowered Buttoii-
Snakeroot. (Fig. 3644,)
Anonymus gramini/otius iValt. Fl. Car.
197. 1788.
/Jain's gramini/olia Pursh, FI. Am. Sept.
a: 508. 1814. Not Willd. 1804.
Lacinaria gramini/olia Kuntze, Rev. Gen.
PI. 349- '89«.
Glabrous, or sparingly pubescent, i°-3°
high. Leaves similar to those of the pre-
ceding species, but more conspicuously
punctate, usually somewhat ciliate near
the base and acute or acutish at the apex;
heads spicatc or racemose, mostly pedun-
cled; involucre narrowed or acute at
the base, 2"-^" broad, its bracts distinctly
punctate, appressed, rounded and scarcely
margined at the apex, thick; flowers pur-
ple; pappus barbellate; achenes hairy.
In dry soil, Virginia to Florida and Georgia.
Ascends to 4200 ft. in North Carolina. Called
also Fine-leaved Blazing Star. Aug. -Sept.
Lacinaria graminlfdlia pil6sa (Ait. ) Britton,
Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 314. 1894.
Serrulala pilosa Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 138. 1789.
Liatris gramini/olia var. dubia A. Gray,
Leaves usually prominently ciliate; heaa.s larger, spicate, racemose, or even paniculate; bracts of
Man.
a, 185. 1856.
the involucre linear-oblong or spatulate, narrowly scarious-niargined,
to Florida and Alabama.
In sandy soil. New Jersey
9. TRILISA Cass, Bull. Soc. Philom. 1818: 140. 1818.
Erect perennial herbs, with fibrous roots and alternate simple leaves; those of the stem
sessile or clasping, tk e basal ones narrowed into petioles. Heads small, discoid, of 5-10 purple
or white flowers, in terminal thyrsoid or corymbose panicles. Involucre campanulate, its
bracts imbricated in 2 or 3 series, the outer scarcely shorter than the inner. Receptacle flat,
naked. Corolla regular, its limb 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base. Achenes
nearly terete, lo-ribbed. Style-branches slender, obtuse. Pappus of i or 2 series of elon-
gated, barbed bristles. [Anagram of LtaMs.']
Two known species, native of the southeastern United States.
Stem glabroub; heads corymbose-paniculate. t. T. odoralissinia.
Stem viscid-pubescent; heads thyrsoid-paniculate. 3. T. panictilata.
OBNUS IO.J
THISTLE FAMILY.
3'9
I. Trilisa odoratissima (Walt.)
Cass. Vanilla-leaf. Vanilla-plant.
Dog's-ton • •". Carolina Vanilla.
' ig. 3645-)
AHOHvmos odotaliuima Walt. I'l. Cur. iqH.
178ft.
l.ialrh odoralissima Miclix. Fl. Bor. Am. 3:
Trilisa udoralixsima Can*. Bull. Soc.
riiilom. 1818: 14U. 1818.
Rather stout, glabrous, 2°-i° high.
Leaves thick. entire, or sometimes dentate,
the lower oblanceolate, ohlong or spatu-
late, obtuse, 4'-io' loin;, i'-i>i' wide,
those of the stem gradually smaller, ob-
long, ovate or oval, the uppermost bract-
like; heads corymbose-paniculate, about
i" high; bracts of thrf involucre obloiig,
obtusish; acheucs glandular-pubescent.
In pine-barrens, VifKiniat according toWat-
son and Coulter) to Florida and Louisiana.
Called also Deer's-tonKue and Hound's-
•■)ngue. Aug. -Sept.
3. Trilisa panicuUta (Walt.)
Cass. Hairy Trilisa. (Fig. 3646.)
Anonymos paniculalus Walt. Fl. Car. 198.
Lialris paniculata Mlchx. Fl. Bor. Am. a:
93. 1803.
Trilisa panicula/aCoBB. Bull. Soc. Philom-
1818: 140. 1818.
Stem viscid-pubescent, i°-3° high.
Leaves entire, the basal ones lanceolate
or narrowly oblong, acute or obtusish, 3'-
10' long, }^'-^ )4' wide, those of the stem
much smaller, lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate; heads thyrsoid-paniculate,
about i" high; bracts of the involucre
oblong, obtusish; achenes finely pubes-
cent.
In pine barrens, Virginia to Florida and
Georgia. Sept. -Oct.
10. GUTIERREZIA Lag. Gen. & Sp. Nov. 30. 1816.
Erect branching, usually glabrous and often glutinous herbs, or shrubs, with linear en<
tire alternate leaves, and small heads of both tubular and radiate yellow flowers, corym-
bosely paniculate in our species. Radiate flowers few, pistillate. Disk-flowers regular,
mostly perfect, or some of them only staminate, thu corolla-limb 5-lobed. Involucre ovoid
or narrowly campanulate, its bracts coriaceous, imbricated in few series. Receptacle flat,
convex or conic, commonly foveolate. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base. Style-
branches narrow, flattened, their appendages slender. Achenes terete, ribbed or s-angled.
Pappus of several scales, those of the ray-flowers shorter than or equalling those of the
disk. [Named from Gutierrez, a noble Spanish family.]
About 30 species, natives of western North America, Mexico and western South America. Be-
sides the following 4 others occur in the southwestern United States.
3ao
COM POSIT AE.
[Vol. III.
X. Gutierrezia Sardthrae (Pursh) Britt.
and Rusby. Gutierrezia. (Fig. 3647.)
Solidago Sarolhrae Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 540. 1814.
Gutierrezia Euthamiae T. & G. Fl. N. A. 2: 193.
1841.
Gutierrezia Sarothrae Britton & Rusby, Trans. N.
Y. Acad. Sci. 7: 10. 1887.
Glabrous or minutely pubescent, bushy, ^°-a°
high, the branches rigid, ascending. Leaves
linear, yi'-xyi' long, >i"-i''' wide, acute; heads
oblong, \yi"-2" high, few-flowered, usually in
clusters of 2-5 at the ends of the numerous
branches; rays 1-6, scarcely \" long; scales of
the pappus linear-oblong, subulate or acuminate;
achenes pubescent.
In dry or rocky soil, Minnesota and Manitoba to
western Nebraska, Texas and Sonera, west to
Nevada, Arizona and California. Au^.-Sept.
II. AMPHIACHYRIS DC. Not. PI. Rar. Jard. Gen. 7: \. pi. i. 1835.
Erect, much branched, glabrous herbs, with small alternate entire leaves, and very nu-
merous small heads of both tubulat and radiate yellow flowers, solitary or clustered at the
ends of the branches. Involucre ovoid or hemispheric, its bracts coriaceous, imbricated in
few series. Receptacle naked. Ray-flowers pistillate. Disk-flowers perfect, but sterile,
or staminate. Pappus of the ray-flowers obsolete or coroniform, that of the disk-flowers of
5-20 subulate scales or bristles somewhat united at the base. Achenes pu)i>escent, [Greek,
chafl'-around.]
Two known species, natives of the south-central United States. The genus is closely related to
the preceding one.
I. Amphiachyris dracunculoides
(DC.) Nutt. Amphiachyris.
(Fig. 3648.)
Brachyris dracunculoides DC. Mem. Soc. Phys.
Gen. 7: Part 2, 265. pi. i. 1836.
Amphiachyris dracunculoides Nutt. Trans. .\m.
Phil. Soc. (11)7:313. 1841.
Annual, slender, much branched, 6'-i8'' high,
the branches ascending. Leaves linear, S"-i^"
long, I "-2" wide, acutish, the uppermost al-
most filiform; heads solitary at the ends of short
branches, io-30-flowered, about 2" high; invo-
lucre hemispheric, its bracts oval, obtuse; rays
5-10, about as long as the involucre; disk-flow-
ers mostly staminate, their ovaries abortive,
their pappus of 5-8 subulate aristate scales,
united into a short cup at the base.
In dry soil, Missouri and Kansas to Texas, Found
adventive at Easton, Penna. Sept.-Oct,
xa. GRINDELIA Willd, Gesell. Nat. Fr. Berl. Mag. i: 260. 1807.
Perennial herbs, sometimes woody at the base, with alternate sessile or clasping leaves,
usually spinulose-dentate, and rather large heads of both discoid and radiate yellow flowers,
solitary at the ends of the branches (rays rarely wanting). Involucre hemispheric or de-
pressed, its bracts imbricated in several or many series, usually subulate-tipped. Receptacle
flat or convex, naked, foveolnte. Ray-flowers fertile. Disk-flowers perfect, or sometimes
only staminate. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base Style-branches narrow, flattened,
their appendages linear or lenceolate. Achenes shor.:, thick, sometimes compressed, gla-
brous, 4-5ribbed. Pappus of 2-8 soon deciduous awns or bristles. [Named for Prof. H.
Grindel, of Riga, 1776-1836.]
Genus 13.]
THISTLE FAMIIvY.
321
About 25 species, natives of western North America, Peru and Chili. Besides the following,
some 9 others occur in the western and southwestern parts of North America. Known as Gum-
plant or Tar-weed.
Leaves spatulate or oblonif, obtuse or obtusish ; achenes truncate. i. G. squarrosa.
2. G. lanceolata.
Broad-leaved Gum-plant.
Leaves linear or linear-oblong, acute; achenes 2-toothed.
I. Grindelia squarrdsa (Pursh) Dunal
(Fig. 3649.)
Donia squarrosa Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 559.
1814.
Grindelia squarrosa Dunal in DC. Prodr. 5:
315. iS.ij.
Glabrous, erect or ascending, branched,
io'-2° 'jigh. Leaves oblong or oblong-
spatulate, obtuse, more or less clasping at
the ba^e, sharply spinulose-dentate, some-
times laciniate, >i'-i >£' long, j/'S" wide;
beads lo'^-is" broad, very glutinous;
bracts of the involucre linear-lai -^eo-
late, subulate-tipped, strongly squarrose;
achenes truncate, those of the outer flow-
ers usually thicker than those of the in-
ner; pappus of 2 or 3 awns.
In dry soil, Illinois and Minnesota to Mani-
.toba, south to Missouri, Texas, Nevada t>nd
Mexico. Adventive in southern New Jersej .
June-Sept.
Giindelia squarrdsa nuda (Wood) A. Gray,
Syn. Fl. 1: Part 2. 118. 1884.
Grindelia nuda Wood. Bot. Gaz. 3: 50. 1878.
Rays wanting. Missouri and westward
with the type.
2. Grindelia lanceolilta Nutt.
Narrow-leaved Gum-plant.
(Fig. 3650.)
Grindelia lanceolata Nutt. Joum. Acad.
Phil. 7: 73. 1834.
Slender, erect, glabrous, branched, about
3° high. Leaves lanceolate or linear,
acute at the apex, sessile or clasping at
the base, spinulose-dentate, laciniate, or
the upper entire, i''-2' long, 1"-^" wide;
heads nearly as large as those of the pre-
ceding species; bracts of the involucre
linear-subulate, the inner erect, the outer
spreading; achenes 3-toothed; pappus of
I or 2 awns.
In dry soil, Tennessee to Kansas, Louisiana
and Texas. July-Sept.
13. HETEROTHECA Cass. Bull. Soc. Philom, 1817: 137. 1817.
Erect, hirsute or pubescent, branching herbs, with alternate, mostly dentate leaves, and
rather large heads of both discoid and radiate yellow flowers, generally solitary at the ends
of the branches. Involucre hemispheric or broadly campanulate, its bracts imbricated in
several series, the outer shorter. Receptacle flat, alveolate. Ray-flowers pistillate. Disk-
flowers perfect, or some of them only staminate. Style-branches flat, their appendages
lanceolate or triangular. Achenes pubescent, obtuse, those of the ray- flowers thick, those
of the disk- flowers flattened. Pappus of the ray- flowers obsolete or of a few caducous bristles,
that of the disk-flowers of an inner row of numerous capillary rough bristles, and an outer
row of shorter stouter bristles or scales. [Greek, different-case, from the dissimilar achenes. ]
Five or 6 species natives of the southern United States and Mexico.
ai
333
COMPOSITAE.
[Voi,. III.
I. Heterotheca subaxill&ris (Ivam.) Britt.
& Rusby. Heterotheca. (Fig. 3651.)
Inula sitbaxillaris Lam. Encycl. 3: 259. 1799.
Heterotheca Lamarckii Cas8. Diet. Sci. Nat. ai: 131.
1831.
Heterotheca subaxillaris Britt. & Rusby, Trans. N. Y.
Acad. Sci. 7: 10. 1887.
Biennial or sometimes annual, i°-3° high. Basal
and lower leaves petioled, ovate or oblong, 2'-3'
long, the upper ones oblong, sessile or clasping,
smaller, all acutisb or obtuse, dentate; heads
rather numerous, 6"-9" broad; involucre nearly
hemispheric, i"-5" high, its bracts linear, or
slightly dilated above, the inner with scarious mar-
gins; rays 10-25; inner bristles of the pappus of the
disk-flowers about 2" long.
In dry soil, Delaware to Florida, I<ouisiana, Kansas,
Arizona and Mexico. July-Sept.
14. CHRYSOPSIS Nutt. Gen. a: 150. 1818.
[DiPtOGON Raf. Amer. Month. Mag. a: 268. 1818. Not Poiret, 1811.]
Perennial branching herbs, with alternate sessile entire leaves, or the basal oaes dentate,
and large many-flowered heads of both tubular and radiate yellow flowers (rays wanting in
some western species), loosely corymbose, or solitary at the ends of the branches. Invo-
lucre campanulate to hemispheric, its bracts narrow, imbricated in several series, the outer
shorter. Receptacle usually flat, more or less foveolate. Ray-flowers pistillate. Disk-
flowers mostly all perfect. Pappus double in both the disk and ray-flowers, the inner of
numerous rough capillary bristles, the outer of smaller or minute scales or bristles. Achenes
flattened, oblong-linear or obovate. Style-branches narrow, somewhat flattened, their ap-
pendages linear or subulate. [Greek, of golden aspect.]
About 20 species, natives of North America and Mexico. Besides the following, about 8 others
occur in the southern and western United States.
Leaves elongated-linear, parallel-veined; achenes linear; involucre campanulate.
i°-3° high, silvery-puDescent; leaves grass-like, 3'-i2' long. i. C. graminifolia.
4'-lo' high, woolly-pubescent; leaves rigid, i'-\ long. 2. C. falcata.
Leaves oblong, lanceolate, or linear, pinnately veined; achenes obovate, or oval; involucre hemis-
pheric.
Plant densely woolly-pubescent. 3.
Plants hirsute, or villous-pubescent.
Heads numerous, corj-mbose-paniculate; eastern species. 4.
Heads fewer, corymbose, or terminating the branches; western species.
Villous-pubescent; leaves oblanceolate, oblong, or lanceolate,
leaves acute.
Leaves obtuse.
Hirsute-pubescent.
Leaves linear, acutish, short,
leaves spatulRte, obtuse.
Pilose-pubescent; leaves oblong-lanceolate.
C. pilosa.
C. Mariana.
5. C. camporum.
6. C. villosa.
7. C. stenophylla.
8. C. hispida.
9. C. Nuttallii.
X. Chrysopsis graminifdlia (Michx.)
Nutt. Grass-leaved Golden Aster.
(Fig- 3652.)
Inula graminifolia Michx. Fl. Bor. A'.u. "': 122.
1803.
Chrysopsis graminifolia Nutt. Gen. a: 151. 1018.
Slender, corymbosely branched above, very
silvery-pubescent, i°-3° high. Leaves linear,
soft, grass-like, 3-5-nerved, shining, the basal
ones 4'-ia' long, 2"-$" wide, the upper much
smaller, and the uppermost subulate and erect;
heads several or numerous, about ^' broad,
solitary at the ends of the branches; involucre
campanulate, its bracts glabrate; achenes linear-
fusiform.
In dry soil, Delaware to Florida, west to Ohio
(Cooper in Torrey Herbarium) and Texas. Called
also Silver-grass, Scurvy-grass. Aug-Oct.
Genus 14.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
323
3. Chrysopsis falcikta (Pursh) Kll.
Sickle-leaved Golden Aster. (Fig. 3653.)
Inula falcala Pursh, Fl. Atn. Sept. 53a. 1814.
Chrysopsis falcala Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. a: 336. 1824.
Corymbosely branched above, rather stiff, \'-ii'
high, leafy to the top, very woolly- pubescent, at
least when young, or becoming glabrate. Leaves
linear, rigid, spreading, sometimes slightly curved,
\'-\' long, i"-2," wide, obscurely parallel-nerved;
heads rather few, 3"-5" broad, terminating the
branches; involucre campanulate, its bracts slightly
pubescent; achenes linear.
In sandy soil, eastern Massachusetts to New Jersey.
July-Augf.
to Ohio
Called
In pine-barrens, Virginia (according to Watson and
4. Chrysopsis Mariana (L.)
Nutt. Maryland Golden
Aster. (Fig. 3655.)
Inula Mariana L. Sp. PI. Bd. 3, 1340.
>763-
C. Atariana Nutt. Gen. a: 151. 1818.
Stout, i''-2>i'' high,loosely villous-
pubescent with silky haits when
young, at length nearly glabrous,
corymbosely branched at the sum-
mit. Upper leaves oblong or lanceo-
late, acutish or obtuse, sessile, I'-a'
long, the lower oblcnceolate or
spatulate aud narrowed into a petiole,
generally obtuse, 2'-^' long and
sometimes i' wide; heads commonly
numerous, <)"-ii" broad, on glandu-
lar peduncles; involucre hemii-
pheric, its bracts glandular, acute,
viscid -pubescent; achenes obovate.
In dry soil, southern New York and
PennsTi vania to Florida and Louisiana.
Aug.-Sept.
3. Chrysopsis pildsa (Walt.)
Britton. Cottony Golden
Aster. (Fig. 3654.)
Erigeron pilosum Walt. Fl. Car. 206.
1788.
Inula gossypina Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. a:
123. 1803.
C. gossypina Nutt. Gen. a: 150. 1818.
Chrysopsis pilosa Britton, Mem. Tort.
Club, 5:316. 1894.
Stout, i°-2° high, branched above,
densely woolly-pubescent all over.
Leaves spatulate or oblong, obtuse, the
lower and basal ones i'-3' long, j/'-f,"
wide, the uppermost much stnaller;
heads usually nearly \' broad, termina-
ting the branches, bright yellow; invo-
lucre hemispheric, its bracts densely
pubescent when young, becoming
glabrate; achenes obovate.
Coulter) to Florida and Alabama. Autumn.
COMPOSITAE.
[Voi,. III.
6. Chrysopsis villdsa (Pursh)
Nutt. Hairy Golden Aster.
(Fig. 3657.)
Amellus villosus Pursh, Fl. Atn. Sept. 564.
18:4.
Chrysopsis villosa Nutt. Gen. a: 151. 1818.
Stem villous or strif^rose-pubescetit, i°-
7" high. Leaves oblong, lanceolate, or
oblanceolate, obtuse, I'-a' long, 2"-^"
wide, the upper sessile, the lower nar-
rowed into a petiole, pale, persistently
canescent with appressed hairs; heads
rather few, i' broad or more, terminating
the short branches; rays oblong-linear,
golden yellow; involucre hemispheric, its
bracts 4"-5''' high, linear-subulate, pubes-
cent and often ciliate; achenes obovate.
In dry soil, Minnesota and Illinois to Ala-
bama, west to Manitoba, British Columbia
and Nebraska. July-Aug.
5. Chrysopsis campdrum Greene.
Prairie Gplden Aster. (Fig. 3656.)
Chrysopsis camporum Greene, Pittonia, 3: 88. 1897.
Stem villous-pubescent, erect, often branched,
i°-2%° high, leafy up to the inflorescence.
Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, entire,
or with a few low distant teeth, acuic, sessile,
or the lower narrowed into petioles, appi*sscd-
pnbescent with short hairs, ciliate, at least near
the base, i'-3' long, 2"-$" wide; heads s<:>'eral
or solitary at the ends of the branches, i -i,^'
broad, showy; peduncles i'-4' long; involucre
nearly hemispheric, }i' high, its bracts lanceo-
late, acuminate, pubescent; outer pappus-bristles
subulate.
On prairies, Illinois and Kentucky to Missouri.
July-Sept.
7. Chrysopsis stenoph^lla
(A. Gray) Greene. Stiff-leaved
Golden Aster. (Fig, 3658.)
Chrysopsis villosa var. stenophylla A. Gray,
Syn. Fl. i: Part 2, 123. 1884.
Chrysopsis stenophylla Greene, Erythea, a:
96. 1894.
Low, slender, hirsute or rough-pu-
bescent, 6'- 10' high. Leaves linear or
slightly broadened above, densely canes-
cent and ciliate, acutish, ^"-15" long,
\"-2" wide, the margins revolute in dry-
ing; involucre hemispheric or broadly
campanulate, its bracts pubescent or the
outer densely ciliate; heads few, 6"-\o"
broad.
In dry soil, Nebraska to Arkansas and
Texas. Aug. -Sept.
Gbnus 15.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
325
8. Chrysopsis hispida (Hook.) Nutt.
Hispid Golden Aster. (Fig. 3659.)
Dipiopappus hispidus Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. a: sa. 1834.
Chrysopsis hispida Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (fl)
7:316. 1841.
Chrysopsis villosa var. hispida A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1:
Part 2, 123. 1884.
Lower than C. villosa, stem rarely over 1° high,
with spreading hirsute or hispid pubescence. Leaves
spatulate to oblong, entire, spreading, 9"-i8''
long, obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the basei
often into petioles half as long as the blade or
more; heads smaller, often more numerous; invo-
lucre not over ^" high, its bracts lanceolate, hirsute.
In dry soil, Manitoba to Idaho, Kansas and Texas.
July-Sept.
g. Chrysopsis Nutt^Uii Britton.
Nuttall's Golden Aster. (Fig. 3660.)
Chrysopsis pilosa Nutt. Joum. Acad. Nat. Sci. Ph-'la. 7:
66. 1834. Not Erigeron pilosum Walt. 1788.
C. Nultallti Britton, Mem. Terr. Club, 5: 316. 1894.
Pilose-pubescent with soft hairs and minutely
glandular, i°-2° high, branched above. Leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, mostly acute, i'-2|i'' long, 2"-^"
wide, entire, or the lower serrate or even incised;
heads few, %"-\2" broad, terminating the branches;
involucre hemispheric, its bracts glandular- viscid;
achenes obovate.
In dry soil, Kansas to Louisiana, Arkansas and Texas.
July-Sept.
15. CHONDROPHORA Raf. New Fl. N. A. 4: 79. 1836.
[BiGEi,owiA DC Mem. Comp. //. 5. 1833. Not Bigelovia Spreng. 1821.]
Perennial stiff herbs, with alternate entire leaves, and corymbose-paniculate discoid
heads of yellow flowers. Involucre oblong or campanulate, its bracts rigid and glutinous,
imbricated in several series. Receptacle flat, generally foveolate, naked. Corolla regular,
tubular, the limb 5-cleft Anthers obtuse at the base. Style-branches flattened, their
appendages lanceolate. Achenes oblong, somewhat compressed, i-2-ribbed on each side.
Pappus of I or 2 series of numerous capillary unequal bristles. [Greek, cartilage-bearing.]
One, or perhaps two species, nativ? of eastern North America.
I. Chondrophora nudilta (Michx.) Britton
(Fig. 3661.)
Chrysocoma nudata Michx. Fl. Bor.Am. a: loi. 1803.
Bigelo2i'ia nudata DC. Prodr. 5: 329. 1836.
C. nudata Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 317. 1894.
Glabrous, erect, simple, i°-2>i''high. Lower
and basal leaves spatulate, obtuse, or obtusish,
3'-6' long, 3"-6" wide, attenuate into a mar-
gined petiole; stem leaves distant, small, linear
or subulate; heads numerous, 2"-j," high,
crowded in a compound terminal corymbose
cyme; involucre narrowly campanulate, acute
at the base, its bracts coriaceous, appressed,
linear-oblong, imbricated in 3 or 4 series, the
outer much smaller than the inner; achenes
short-turbinate; pappus-bristles rigid; edges of
the depressions in the receptacle prolonged into
subulate teeth.
In moist pine-barrens, New Jersey to Florida and
Texas. Aug. -Oct.
Rayless Golden-r
326
COMPOSITAE.
[Vox,. III.
Chondiophora nudiU virgiU (Nutt.) Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, $: 317. 1894.
Chrysocoma virgala Nutt. Gen. a; 137. 1818.
liigelovia nudala var. virgala T. & G. Fl. N. A. a: 832. (r.
Chondrophora virgala Greene, Erythea, 3: 91. 1895.
Lower leaves linear, shorter, or the basal onep Iir*» -spatulate. Perhaps specifically distinct.
With the type, southward, not (certainly known fio . .ithin our territory.
lb. CHRYSOTHA/VINUS Nutt. I'luns. Au. Phil. Soc. 629. 7: 323. 1840.
r '.wshruhs, with equrb .,' leafy branches, bard wood, linear leaves, and discoid heads
<>. yellow perfect flow-s. Heads narrow, 5-7-flowered. Involucre oblong to narrowly
I. .n-pH-iulate, its bracts more or less keeled, thin, or papery, imbricated in several series,
often so I ■ to form 5 vertical rows. Corolla 5-toothed. Anthers obtuse at the base. Style-
branches exserted, their appendages subulate to filiform. Achenes narrow, mostly pubes-
cent. Pappus of copious capillary roughened bristles. [Greek, golden-bush.]
About 25 species, natives of webtem North America.
Heads about 6" high; involucral bracts obtuse or mucronulate. i. C. nauseosa.
Heads 7"-io" high; involucral bracts subulate-tipped. 2. C. Howardi.
I. Chrysothamnus nausedsus
(Pursh) Britton. Fetid Ray less
Golden-rod. (Fig. 3662.)
C. nauseosa Pursh, PI. Am. Sept.517. 1814.
C. graveolens Nutt. Gen. a: 136. 1818.
Bigeloi'ia graveolens A. Gray, Proc. Am.
Acad. 8: 644. 1873.
Chondrophora nauseosa Britton, Mem. Torr.
Club, 5: 317. 1894.
Densely white-tomentose, at least when
young, much branched, very leafy, i''-6''
hi(>h, odorous. Leaves linear, or slightly
spatulate, I'-a' long, \"-i" wide; heads
S'^-S" high, very numerous and crowded
in terminal compound corymbose cymes,
rays none; involucre narrowly campanu-
late, acute at the base, its bracts oblong
or linear-oblong, acutisb, puberulent,
imbricated in about 4 series; achenes
linear; pappus-bristles soft, copious.
In sterile, especially alkaline soil. North-
west Territory to western Nebraska (?) and
New Mexico, west to British Columbia and
southern California. Aug. -Oct.
a. Chrysothamnus H6wardi
(Parry) Greene. Howard's Ray-
less Golden-rod. (Fig. 3663.)
Linosyris Hoxvardi Parry; A. Gray, Proc.
Am. Acad. 6: 541. 1865.
Bigelovia Hozcardi A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad.
8; 641. 1873.
Chrysolhamnus Howardi Greene, Erythea,
3: 113. 1895.
Similar to the preceding species, densely
white-tomentose when young, glabrous or
nearly so when old, tufted, much branch-
ed, 6'-io' high. Leaves narrowly linear,
entire, I'-a' long, about \" wide; heads
•j'f-iQf' long, narrow, 5-flowered, more or
less glomerate, usually surpassed by the
upper leaves; rays none; involucre slightly
pubescent, or glabrous, its bracts lanceo-
late, thin, acuminate or subulate-tipped;
achenes nearly linear, pubescent.
In dry soil, western Nebraska, Colorado
and Utah to New Mexico. July-Sept.
Genus 17.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
327
17. OONOPSIS Greene, Pittonia, 3: 45, 1896.
Perennial herbs, the following species glabrous, mostly '.ufted, with woody roots, the
stems leafy to the top. Leaves entire, linear to lanceolate. Heads cymose at the end of
the stem or branches. Involucre campanulate to ovoid, its bracts flat, imbricated in severa
scries, herbaceous, cuspidate, appressed and erect, or the outer spreading. Disk-flowers with
a nearly cylindric 5- toothed corolla. Stamens and style included or scarcely exserted. Ray-
flowers present or wanting, pistillate. Style-appendar,'es ovate to subulate. Achenes gla-
brous, or somewhat pubescent. Pappus-bristles coarse, rigid. [Greek, resembling an egg,
referring to the ovoid involucre.]
Four known species, natives of central North America.
X. Oonopsis Engelm&nni (A. Gray) Greene. Engelmann's Oonopsis.
(Fig. 3664.)
Bigelovia Engelmanni A. Gray, Proc. A»i. Acad.
11: 75. 1876.
Oonopsis Engelmanni Greene, Pittouia, 3; 45.
1896.
Perennial by a deep woody root, glabrous
throughout; stems stiff, about S' high, densely
leafy. Leaves narrowly linear, sessile, 9"-i8"
long, less than \" wide, brittle when dry; heads
clustered, or sometimes solitary at the ends of
the branches, %' wide or less, sessile among the
upper leaves; involucre oblong-campanulate,
its bracts in about 4 series, oblong to spatulate,
short-acuminate or mucronate, appressed; ray-
flowers none; disk-flowers about as long as the
rather rigid capillary pappus-bristles; acbeues
linear-oblong, narrowed at the base, many-
striatc.
Western Kansas and Nebraska. Sept.-Oct.
18. PRIONOPSIS Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II) 7: 329. 1841.
A glabrous annual or biennial herb, leafy to the top, with sessile spinulose-dentate leaves,
and large heads of yellow radiate and tubular flowers. Involucre broadly hemispheric, its
bracts imbricated in several series, lanceolate, acuminate, the outer more or less spreading.
Receptacle naked. Disk-flowers perfect, their corollas 5-toothed. Ray-flowers very numer-
ous, pistillate. Achenes glabrous, those of the ray-flowers broader than those of the disk;
pappus of a few deciduous rigid unequal bristles, the outer very short. [Greek, resembling
a saw, referring to the leaf-margins.]
A monotypic genus of south-central United States.
1. Prionopsis ciliilta Nutt. Prionop.sis.
(Fig. 3665.)
Donia ciliata Nutt. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Fhila. a: ti8.
1821.
AplopappHS ciliatus DC. Prodr. 5: 346. i8,-56.
Prionopsis ciliata Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II) 7:
329. 1841.
Stem erect, stout, branched, very leafy, a°-5"
high. Leaves sessile, oval or the lower obovate,
obtuse, conspicuoi y veined, i'-3' long, )i'-xyi'
wide, sharply senate with bristle-pointed teeth;
heads few, clustered, stalked or nearly sessile, i'-
\)i' broad; involucre depressed-hemispheric, its
bracts glabrous; achenes of the ray-flowers ellip-
soid, those of the disk-flowers oblong, the central
sterile; pappus-bristles rigid, the inner ones rough
or ciliate.
On hillsides and river-banks, Missouri and Kansas to
Texas. Aug.-Sept.
3a8 COMPOSITAE. [Voi,. III.
19. ERIOCARPUM Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II) 7: 320. 1841.
Perennial or annual herbs or shrubs with alternate spinulose-dentate or lobed leaves and
many-flowered heads of tubular or of both tubular and radiate yellow flowers (beads
rarely without rays). Involucre hemispheric to campanulate, its bracts imbricated in several
aeries, the outer ones gradunlly smaller. Receptacle flat or convex, generally foveolate,
naked. Ray-flowers fertile. Disk-flowers usually perfect. Anthers obtuse and entire at the
base. Style-branches flattened, their appendages short, lanceolate. Achenes oblong or
obovoid, obtuse, white-tomentose, or canescent, usually 8-io-nerved. Pappus of 1-.^ series of
numerous capillary persistent more or less unequal bristles. [Greek, woolly fruit.]
About 10 species, natives of America. Besides the following:, about 6 others occur in the west-
ern parts of the United States.
Rays none; leaves dentnte.
Rays present.
Leaves dentate; annual.
Leaves pinnatifid; perennial.
1. E. grindflioides.
a. E. rubigi)iosutn.
3. E. spinulostiiii.
1. Eriocarpum grindelioides Nutt.
Ray less Ericx:arpum. (Fig. 3666.)
Eriocarpum grindelioides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.
(11)7.321. 1841.
Apiopappus Nuitallii T. & G. Fl. N. A. a: 240. 1842.
Perennial by a deep woody root, finely pubescent;
stems tufted, simple, erect, ^'-\.i' high. Leaves
oblong-lanceolate to spatulate, sessile, or the lower
petioled, ^'-i' long, firm, acute or obtusish,
spinulose-dentate; heads several or solitary, termi-
nating the stem or branches; peduncles i' long, or
less; involucre campauulate, its bracts linear, acute,
puberulent, their tips somewhat spreading, the outer
shorter than the inner; achenes densely silky to-
mentose.
In dry soil, Northwest Territory to South Dakota,
Nebraska, Utah and Arizona. July.-Aug.
a. Eriocarpum rubigindsum (T. & G.) Britton
(Fig. 3667.)
Apiopappus rubiginosus T. &. G. Fl. N. A. a:
240. 1 841.
Eriocarpum rubiginosum Britton, Mem. Torr.
Club, 5: 316. 1894.
Viscid, glandular-pubescent, erect, an-
nual, branched near the summit, i°-3°high.
Leaves sessile, or the lowest narrowed into
short petioles, oblong, lanceolate, or
oblanceolate, conspicuously dentate with
distant awn-pointed teeth, acute or obtusish
at the apex, \]i'-i)i' long, ^"-d" wide;
heads several, cymose-paniculate, W-\^"
broad; involucre hemispheric, its bracts
linear-subulate with spreading tips; rays
large; pappus bristles rigid, very unequal;
achenes villous-canescent, turbinate, not
compressed.
Nebraska and Colorado to Texas. Autumn.
Viscid Eriocarpum.
i.
GSNUS 30.]
THISTLE FAMILY,
3. Eriocarpum spinuldsum
(Nutt.) Greene. Cut- leaved Eriocar-
pum. (Fig. 3668.)
A melius spinulosus Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. a: 564.
1814.
Afitopa/tpus ipinulosui DC. Prodr. 5: 347. 18,36.
Kriocarpum spinutosum Greene, Erythea/a:
108. 1894.
Canescent or glabrate, much branched at
the baae, perennial from thick woody roots,
ft'-m' high. Leaves pinnatifid, seuile,
linear to ovate in outline, %'-!%' long,
i"-a/4" wide, the lobes with bristle-pointed
teeth; heads several or numerous (rarely
solitary), 6"-\2" broad; involucre hemis-
pheric, its bracts linear, acute, appressed;
rays narrow; achenes pubescent, narrowed
below; pappus soft and capillary.
In dry soil, Northwest Territory and North
Dakota to Nebraska and Texas, west to Colo-
rado, Arizona and Mexica March-Sept.
ao. STENOTUS Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II) 7: 334. 1841.
Low undershrubs, with coriaceous nsrrow entire evergreen leaves, scapose or leafy stems,
and rather large heads of both radiate and tubular yellow flowers. Involucre mostly hemis-
pheric, its bracts imbricated in several series, appressed, ovate to lanceolate. Receptacle
alveolate. Disk-flowers perfect, their corollas tubular, usually somewhat enlarged upward,
deeply 5-toothed. Ray-flowers fertile. Anthers obtuse at the base. Appendages of the
style-branches short, lanceolate. Achenes white-villous. Pappus of soft white capillary
bristles. [Greek, narrow, referring to the leaves.]
About 18 species, natives of western North America.
Stenotus armerioides Nutt. Narrow-leaved Stenotus. (Fig. 3669. )
Stenolus armerioides Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (II)
7: 335. >84i.
Aplopappus armerioides A. Gray, Syn. Fl. x: Part a,
132. 1884.
Perennial, tufted from a branched woody caudex,
glabrous throughout; flowering stems slender,
naked above, or quite leafless, \'-9>' high. Basal
leaves numerous, narrowly spatulate or linear,
acute or acutish, firm, I'-i' long, \"-%" wide, en-
tire, narrowed below; stem leaves usually 1-3,
sessile, linear, sometimes none; head commonly
solitary, about i' broad; involucre campanulate,
^"-d" high, its bracts broadly oval, green, ap-
pressed, obtuse or retuse, scarious-margined, or the
inner ovate-oblong and acutish; rays 8-10; achenes
canescent or villous; pappus bristles soft, white.
In dry, mostly rocky soil, western Nebraska to
VkTyominK, Utah and New Mexico. June-July.
ai. ISOPAPPUS T. & G. Fl. N. A. a: 239. 1841.
Rough-hairy annual or biennial herbs, loosely paniculately branched, with alternate linear
to lanceolate i-nerved entire or somewhat toothed leaves, and small slender-peduucled heads
of radiate and tubular yellow flowers. Involucre campanulate-cylindric, its appressed
lanceolate or subulate bracts in a or 3 series. Receptacle alveolate. Ray-flowers 5-ia,
pistillate. Disk-flowers lo-ao, perfect. Anthers not sagittate. Style-appendages narrow,
hirsute. Achenes terete, narrowed below, silky-villous. Pappus a single series of vough
capillary bristles, nearly equal in length. [Greek, equal pappus.]
Two known species, natives of the southern United States.
330
COMPOSITAE.
[Vot. III.
^ . 1 \iJ '
X. Isopappus divaric&tuB (Nutt.)
T. & G. Isopappus. (Fig. 3670.)
Inula divaricala Nutt. Oeii. a: 152. 1818.
Aplofiappus divaricaliis A. Gray, Syn. Kl. i : Part i, 130.
1H84.
Isopappus divaricatus T. & G. PI. N. A. a: 3,19. 1841.
Annual or biennial, erect, paniculately much
branched, slender, rough-pubescent or glandular,
1 0-3° high. Leaves linear, linear-lanceolate, or the
lowest linear-spatulate, acute or cuspidate, dentate
with distant teeth, or sometimes entire, i'-j,' long,
i"-i" wide, the uppermost much smaller, subu-
late or bract-like; heads numerous, 3''-5" broad;
involucre campanulate, its bracts linear-lanceolate,
subulate-tipped, pubescent, peduncles very slender
or filiform.
In dry soil, Kansas to Texas, east to Georgia and
Florida. Aug. -Oct.
aa. SOLIDAGO L. Sp. PI. 878. 1753.
Perennial erect herbs, sometimes woody at the base, simple, or little branched, with
alternate simple toothed or entire leaves, and small heads of both tubular and radiate,
yellow or rarely white flowers, in terminal or axillary panicles, thyrsi, or cymose-corymbose
or capitate clusters. Involucre oblong or narrowly campanulate, its bracts imbricated in
several scries, the outer successively shorter. Receptacle small, flat, or somewhat convex,
generally alveolate. Ray-flowers in one series, pistillate. Disk-flowers mostly all Jierfect,
their corollas tubular or narrowly campanulate, 5-cleft or 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse and entire
at the base. Style-branches flattened, their appendages lanceolate. Achenes terete or
angled, usually ribbed. Pappus of numerous capillary rough nearly equal bristles in i or 3
series. [Greek, to make whole.]
About 85 species, mostly of North America, 2 or 3 in Europe, a few in Mexico and South
America.
A. Tips of the involucral bracts, or some of them spreading or recurved.
Leaves glabrous orglabrate, 4'-io' long. i. S. squarrosa.
Leaves rough-ciliate, I'-a' long. 2. i". petiolaris.
B. Tips of the involucral bracts all erect and appressed.
'K' Heads in axillary clutter*, or alio in a terminal spike-like, sometimes branched thyrsua.
I. Heads 2"-3" high, chiefly in axillary clusters; achenes pubescent.
Stem and branches terete; leaves lanceolate to oblong. 3. .S. caesia.
Stem and branches grooved or angled.
Leaves broadly oval, contracted into margined petioles. 4. S. flexicaulis.
Leaves lanceolate, sessile. 5. 5. Curlisii.
2. Heads 2"-3" high, chiefly in a terminal spike-like thyrsus; achenes glabrous, or nearly so.
6. 5. bicolor.
7. S. hispida.
8. S. erecta.
9. S. monlicola.
10. 5. macrophylla.
Rays white; stem pubescent
Rays yellow; stem densely pubescent.
Rays yellow; stem glabrr Ay or sparingly pubescent.
Leaves thick, not acv late, dentate, or the upper entire.
Leaves thin, acuminate, sharply serrate.
3. Heads 5" -6" high; bracts elongated, acute; leaves ovate
'Sf Heada in a terminal simple or branched thyrsus, not at all aecund on its brinchca, or scarcely so.
I . Bracts of the involucre acute.
High northern; leaves spatulate, glabrous. 44. 5. multxradiala.
Eastern; stem minutely puberulent or glabrous; heads 2M"-3" high. 11. 5. puberula.
Western; stem and leaves scabrous or rough-pubescent. 12. S. Lindheimeriana.
2. Bracts of the involucre obtuse (or the inner acutish in No. 13).
(a) Upper leaves abruptly smaller than the lower, appressed. 13. .S. slricta.
(b) Leaves gradually smaller upward, spreading or ascending.
■f Loiver leaves large, oblong or oval, acule or obtusish,
X At least the lowest leaves dentate; plants 2°-6'' high.
Lower leaves oblong-lanceolate ; branches of the thyrsus appressed. 14. 5. uliginosa.
Lower leaves ovate or broadly oval; branches of the thyrsus ascending. 15. S. speciosa.
X X Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, entire, I'-s' long. 16. S. rigidiuscula,
t t Basal leaves narroii'ly spatulate. 17. S. Purshii.
t t t Basal leaves obovale, oblanceolate,Qr broadly spatulate.
Plant 3'-ia' high, on alpine summits; stem angular. 18. 5. aipestris.
Plant i°-3° high, not alpine; heads 3"-4" high. 19. 5. yirgaurea.
M: V: ¥: Heads in a terminal, usually large panicle, aecund on its spreading or recurved branches.
X Plant maritime; leaves thick, fleshy, entire. 20. 5. sempervirens.
XX Plants not maritime ; leaves not fleshy.
1. Leaves pinnately- veined, not triple-nerved.
(a) Leaves all entire, thin and glabrous. 31. S. odora.
Genus aa.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
33 «
rugosa.
fislulosa.
u/mi/olia.
Hoollii.
a8. v. Elliollii.
'ligh; racemes short;
5. nfglecta.
(b) Leaves, at least the lower, more or less dentate or serrate.
t Leaves linear or linear-oblong, t'-y long, scabrous. at. S. torli/olia.
t t Leaves broader, lanceolate, oblong, or ovate, J-io' long.
X stem densely pubescent; leaves more or less so.
Leaves rugose-veiuy beneath, sharply serrate. 33. S.
Leaves not rugose, sparingly dentate or entirr, 34, S.
X X stem glabrous, or merely puberulent above.
Leaves very rough on the upper surface, sernilnte. 25. S. patula.
Leaves smooth, or minutely roughened on the upper surface.
Kacemes few, widely divergent, very slender.
Lower leaves oblong, coarsely .serrate. 26. 5.
Lower leaves ovate or lanceolate, rather finely serrate. 27. S.
Kacemes numerous, spreading, recurved or ascending.
Leaves all oblong or oblong-lanceolate, sessile.
At least the lower leaves petiolcd, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate.
Leaves firm, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate; heads about 3'
rays several. 29.
Leaves firm, narrowly lanceolate; heads about a" high; racemes fnw, short; rays 1-3,
30. S. uniligutata.
Leaves firm, lanceolate or oval-lanceolate; heads i'A"-a" high; racemes numerous,
slender. 31. 5. juncea.
Leaves thin, the lower broadly ovate, short-acuminate; heads 2%"-\W high; racemes
numerous. 32. S. arguta.
2. Leaves triple-nerved, /. e., with a pair of lateral veins much stronger than the others.
Stem glabrous; bracts of the involucre obtuse.
Leaves, and bracts of the involucre thin.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, entire or sparingly serrate. 33.
I^eaves lanceolate, sharply serrate. 34.
Leaves, and bracts of the involucre thick, somewhat rigid.
leaves linear-lanceolate or lanceolate; achenes glabrous, 35.
Leaves oblong-lanceolate; achenes silky-pubescent. 36.
Basal leaves oblanceolate, upper bract-like, 37.
Stem pubescent or scabrous.
Leaves lanceolate, sharply serrate or entire, rough above.
Leaves oblanceolate, spatulate, oblong, or ovate, the lower crenate
Minutely rough-pubescent, grayish; lower leaves oblanceolate; heads 2" high.
39. S. nemoralis,
Canescent and pale; leaves oblong or ovate; heads 3" high. 40. S. mollis.
Very scabrous, green, not grayish, nor canescent. 41. S. radula.
Leaves broadly ovate-oval, sharply serrate, finely pubescent. 42. S. Drummondii.
'K' -X- -:^ -!f Headsinaterminal,corymbiform,sometiinesthyiioidcyme,formingaflat-toppedinflore(cenca,
Leaves ovate, oblong, or oval, very rough on both sides. 43. S. rigida.
Leaves lanceolate, linear, oblong, or oblanceolate, glabrous or nearly so.
Leaves, at least the lower, oblanceolate; high northern. 44. 5. multiradiata.
Leaves not oblanceolate nor spatulate.
Lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrulate. 45. S. Ohioensis.
Leaves all lanceolate or linear, entire.
Stout; leaves lanceolate, the basal 8'-i2' long. 46. S. Riddeltii.
Slender; leaves linear, the basal 4' -5' long. 47. 5. Houghtoni.
I. Solidago squarrdsa Muhl. Stout Ragged Golden-rod. (Fig. 3671.)
5. rupestris.
S. serolina.
S. Afissouriensis.
S. Shortii.
S. Gattingeri,
38. S. Canadensis,
Solidago squarrosa Muhl. Cat. 76. 1813,
Stem stout, simple, or rarely branched
above, glabrous or puberulent, 2°-5° high.
Upper leaves oblong, acute, entire or nearly
so, sessile; lower and basal leaves obovate,
ova!, or broadly spatulate, acute or obtuse,
4'-io' long, I'-y wide, sharply dentate,
often narrowed into a margined petiole, all
glabrous, or sometimes slightly pubescent;
heads i5-25-flowered, a"-5" high, numerous
in a terminal narrow often leafy thyrsus some-
times \2' in length; rays 10-15, showy, 2"-
y long; tips of the involucral bracts green,
acute or obtuse, rarely some of them erect,
all usually strongly recurved, giving the
heads a ragged appearance; achenes glabrous.
In rocky soil. New Br. /ick and Ontario,
south to Virginia and Ohio. Ascends to 2000
ft. in the Catskills. Lower branches of the in-
florescence sometimes elongated. Aug.-Oct.
COMPOSITAE.
[Vol. III.
a. Solidago petioUris Ait. Downy Ragged
Golden-rod. (Fig. 3672.)
Solidago peliotaris Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: ai6. 1789.
Stem rather slender, pubescent or puberulent, i°-.i''
high, simple, or branched above. Leaves sessile, or
very sbort-petioled, oblorg to oval, acute, obtuse or
mucronate, enti'"* or dentate, yi'-y long, rough or
ciliatc on the margins; heads 3"-4" high, in a termi-
nal narrow more or le»s compound thyrsus; iuvolucral
bracts with green acute to acuminate tips, the outer
spreading, the inner appressed; achenes glabrous or
nearly so.
In dry soil, Illinnis to Kansas and Texas, east to Korth
Carolina and Florida. Variable, or perhaps includes sev-
eral species. Sept.-Oct
3. Solidago cassia L. Blue-
stemmed or Wreath Golden-rod.
(Fig- 3673.)
Solidago caeaia L. Sp. PI. 879. 175,1.
S. gracilis Poir. in Lam. Encycl. 8: 476. 1808.
Stem glabrous, slender, often glaucous,
usually bluish or purple, branched or sim-
ple, terete, i''-3° high. Leaves lanceolate
or oblong-lanceolate, sessile, acuminate at
the apex, narrowed at the base, glabrous,
sharply serrate, a'-s' long, 3"-i5" wide;
beads i"-2,'' high, in axillary clusters
or racemes, or occasionally with some in a
short terminal thyrsus; bracts of the invo-
cre obtuse, appressed; achenes pubescent.
In woods and thickets, Maine and Ontario
to Minnesota Florida, Arkansas and Texas.
Called also Woodland Golden-rod. Aug;.-Oct.
Solidago caisia axllUris ( Pursh ) A. Gray, Proc.
Am. Acad. 17: 189. 1882.
5. axillaris Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 542. 1814.
Heads few, in dense short axillary clusters, much exceeded by the long thin leaves
leaves often entire. Nova Scotia to Ontario and New Jersey,
; upper
4. Solidago flexiclkulis L. Zig ■^ag or
Broad-leaved Golden-rod. (Fig. 3674.)
Solidago flexicaulis L. Sp. PI. 879. 1753.
Solidago latifolia L. loc. cit. 1753.
Stem glabrous, angled, usually simple, zig-zag,
i°-3° high. Leaves thin, ovate, acuminate at
the apex, abruptly narrowed at the base into a
margined petiole, somewhat pubescen*, or gla-
brous beneath, sharply serrate, a'-y' long, \'-i,'
wide, the uppermost sometimes lanceolate and
entire or nearly so; heads about ■>," high, in
short axillary racemose clusters, and rarely also
in a narrow terminal thyrsus; bracts of the in-
volucre obtuse to acutish, appressed; achenes
hirsute-pubescent.
In rich woods. New Brunswick to Georgia, west
to Minnesota and Missouri. Ascends to 2300 ft. in
the Catskills. July-Sept.
GSNUS 32.]
THISTLE FAMILY,
5. Solidago Curtisii T. & O.
Curtis' Golden-rod. (Fig. 3675.)
Soliiiago Curtisii T. & G. Kl. N. A. a: stx).
1841.
Stem glabrous or sparingly pubescent,
simple or branched, slender, i^^'-s" high,
angled and grooved. Leaves thin, sessile,
elongated-lanceolate or sometimes broader
above the middle, long-acuminate, nar-
rowed below into an entire base, sharply
serrate, 3'-6' long, ^"-n" wide, glabrous
or nearly so; heads 2"-y high, in rather
loose axillary clusters and sometimes also
iu a narrow terminal thyrsus; bracts of the
involucre few, obtuse.
In mountain woodii, Virginia and West
Virginia to Georgia, Aug.-Sept.
6. Solidago bicolor L. White
Golden-rod. Silver-rod.
(Fig. 3676.)
Solidago bicolor h. Mant. 114. 1767.
Stem rather stout, hirsute- pubes-
cent, or nearly glabrous, f>'-^° high,
simple or branched. Basal and lower
leaves obovate or broadly oblong,
mostly obtuse, 2'-^' long, I'-a' wide,
narrowed into long margined petioles,
dentate or crenate-dentate, mote or
less pubescent; upper leaves smaller
and narrower, oblong or sometimes
lanceolate, obtusisb or acute, sessile or
nearly so, often entire; heads a"-3"
high, crowded in a terminal narrow
thyrsus 2'-^' long, and sometimes also
clustered in the upper axils; rays
white; bracts of the involucre obtuse; acbenes glabrous.
In dry soil, New Brunswick to Georgia, west to Ontario, Minnesota and Missouri. Ascends to 6300
ft. in North Carolina. July-Sept.
7. Solidago hispida Muhl.
Hairy Golden-rod. (Fig. 3677.)
5. hiipida Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2063. "804.
Solidago hirsula Nutt. Journ. Phil. Acad. 7;
103. 1834.
Solidago bicolor vox. concolor T. & G. Fl. N.
A. 2: 197. 1841.
Stout, stem densely pubescent or hir-
sute, simple, or sometimes branched,
I Vi'-'S" high. Lower leaves oval, acute,
or obtuse, petioled, pubescent on both
sides, usually dentate, a'-s' long, i'-2'
wide; upper leaves oblong, sessile,
acute, dentate or entire, smaller, sessile;
heads about j/' high, crowded in a dense
narrow terminal thyrsus and also often in
racemose clusters in the upper axils; rays
yellow; involucral bracts obtuse; achenes
with a few appressed hairs, or glabrous.
In dry soil, Nova Scotia to western Ontario
and Minnesota, south to Pennsylvania,
Georgia and W'sconsin. More abundant
northward than the preceding species. As-
cends to 20OO ft. in the Catskills. Aug. -Oct.
\^
334
COMPOSITAE.
[Vol,. III.
Ife-;
9. Solidago monticola T. & G.
Mountain Golden-rod.
(Fig. 3679.)
Solidago Curitsii var. monlicolaT.&G.
Fl. N. A. a: 200. 1841.
Solidago ntonlicola T. & G.; Chapm. Fl.
S. SUtes, 209. i860.
Slender, glabrous or nearly so, 1°-^°
high. Stem leaves ovate-obloug, or
oblong-lanceolate, "jin, acuminate at
the apex, narrowed at the base, sharply
and sparingly serrate, or the upper en-
tire, i'-6'long,4"-i>4' wide, the upper
sessile, the lower petioled; basal leaves
broadly oblong, obtuse, with slender
petioles; heads about 2" high; in a
terminal spike-like simple or branched
thyrsus; bracts of the involucre acut-
ish or obtuse ; achenes glabrous.
Tn mountain woods, Pennsylvania and
Maryland to Georgia and Alabama.
8. Solidago er^cta Pursh.
Slender Ciolden-rod. (Fig. 3678.)
Solidago electa Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 542.
1814.
Solidago s/>eciosa var. anguslala T. &. G.
Fl. N. A. a: 205. 1841.
Stem slender, glabrous, or pubcrulcnt
above, 2°-3° high, simple or rarely
branched. Leaves firm, nearly glabrous
on both sides, ciliolate ou the margins,
the lower and basal ones broadly oblong
or oval, obtuse or obtusish, crenale-
d<;utate, the upper lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, acute, usually quite entire;
hei^ds 2"-3" high in a very narrow
terminal thyrsus, rarely also with a few
clustered in the upper axils; bracts of
the involucre obtuse; achenes glabrous.
In dry soil, New Jersey and Pennsyl-
vania to GeofKia and North Carolina.
Aug.-Sept.
Solidago
1814.
Solidago thyrsoidea E
10. Solidago macroph^lla Pursh.
Large-leaved Golden-rod. (Fig. 3680,)
macrophylla Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 542.
Meyer, PI. I<ab. 63. 1830.
Stem striate, glabrous or sparingly pubescent,
stout. (6'-4° high. Leaves thin, ovate, acumi-
nate, or the basal ones obtuse, sharply serrate,
glabrous, or sparingly pubescent beneath, a'-s'
long, i'-2%' wide, abruptly contracted into
margined petioles, or the uppermost lanceolate,
entire, 3cssile; heads 5"-6" high in a terminal
compact or loose thyrsus and usually also in
axillary clusters; bracts of the involucre linear,
acute; rays 8-10, linear-oblong, conspicuous;
achenes glabrous or nearly so.
In rocky woods, Catskill Mountains, N. Y. to
Labrador and Hudson Bay, west to Lake Superior.
Ascends to 4000 ft, in the Adirondacks. July-Sept.
Genus 22.]
THISTLE FAMILY,
IX. Solidago pub6rula Nutt.
Downy Golden-rod. (Fig. 3681.)
Solidago puberula Nutt. Gen. a: 162. 1818.
Minutely puberulent, or glabrous, usu-
ally simple, rather slender, i%°-^° high,
leafy. Stem leaves oblong-lanceolate,
acute, sparingly serrate or entire, i'-2'
long, sessile, or the lower petioled, basal
leaves 9 id sometimes the lowest ones
of the litem spatulate, obtuse, sharply
serrat' , 2'-^' long, narrowed into mar-
gined petioles; heads 2*/i"-2," high,
in a terminal, often leafy thyrsus, the
branches of which are spreading or as-
cending; bracts of the involucre subu-
late, very acute; achenes glabrous; heads
rarely a little secund.
In sandy soil, New Brunswick to Florida
and Mississippi, near the coast and on sand-
stone rocks in the Appalachian mountain
system. Aug. -Sept.
12. Solidago Lindheimeri^inaScheele.
Ijindheimer's Golden-rod. (Fig. 3682.)
Solidago Lindheimetiana Scheele, Linnaea, 3i :
599. 1848.
Scabrous, simple, i}i°-2,° high, leafy, rather
stout and rigid. Leaves oblong, oblong-
lanceolate or oval, acute or acutish at the
apex, narrowed or rounded at the base, all
entire, tbickish, rough on both surfaces,
sessile or the iiwest petioled; heads about 3"
high in a terminal, often short thyrsus; bracts
of the involucre acute or the outer obtuse,
puberulent; achenes nearly glabrous.
Southern Kansas (according to Watson and
Coulter) to Texas, Arizona and northern Mexico.
Augr.-Nov.
Solidago Bigeldvli A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. x6: 80,
another southwesteni species, which is rouKher
than this one, and with oval or oblong leaves ob-
tuse or obtusish at both ends, is reported from
Kansas.
13. Solidago stricta Ait. Wand-like
or Willow-leaf Golden-rod.
(Fig. 3683.)
Solidago stnc/a Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 216. 1789.
5. virgala Michx. Fl. Bor. Am, a: 117. 1803.
Glabrous throughout, slender, erect, simple,
2°-8° high. Basal and lowest stem leaves
oblong, or somewhat spatulate, with few lat-
eral veins, obtuse, entire, or very sparingly
dentate, 3'-8' long, %'-i' wide, narrowed
into long petioles; upper stem leaves ab-
ruptly smaller, narrowly obloog, spatulate
or linear, appressed, the uppermost very
small and bract-like;beads about i" high in a
dense simple, or sometimes branched, naked
thyrsus; bracts of the involucre oblong, ob-
tuse, or the inner acutish; achenes glabrous,
or sparingly pubescent.
In wet sandy pine-barrens, New Jersey to Plor-
ida and I/)uisiana. Also in Cuba. AuR.-Oct.
COMPOSITAE.
[Vol.. Hi.
14. Solidago uligindsa Nutt. Bog
Golden-rod. (Fig. 3684.)
Solidago uUginosa Nutt. Journ. Phil. Acsd. 7:
loi. 1834.
Stem glabrous, rather atout, simple, 2°~4°
high. Leaves oblong lanceolate or lanceo-
late, glabrous, firm, wore or kas ciliolate or
scabrous on the margins, fcw-vcined, acute
or acuminate, the lower and basal ones 4'-9'
long, )^'-\ \i' wide, more or less serrate and
narrowed into petioles, the upper smaller,
mostly sessile and entire; heads 2"-y high
in a terminal oblong dense thyrsus, its
branches apprcssed; bracts of the involucre
linear-oblong, obtuse; achenes glabrous.
In swamps and bofrs, Newfoundland to nortli-
em New Jersey and Pennsylvania, west to west-
em Ontario, Minnesota and Wiscon.sin. Aug.-
Sept.
15. Solidago specidsa Nutt. Showy
or Noble Golden-rod. (Fig. 3685.)
Solidago speciosa Nutt. Gen. 3: 160. 1818.
Stem stout, glabrous below, often rough
above, usually simple, 3°-?° high. Leaves
glabrous, firm, the lower and basal ovate, or
broadly oval, 4'-io' long, i'-4' wide, dentate
or crenate, pinnately veined aoute or obtuse
at the apex, long petioled; upper leaves
smaller, oblong or oval, acute at each end,
crenatc-dentate, or entire, sessile or short-
petloled, rough-margined; heads 3"-4"
high in a large terminal thyrsus, the
branches of which are ascending and often
leafy; bracts of the involucre oblong, very
obtuse; achenes glabrous or nearly so.
In rich soil, Nova Scotia to North Carolina,
west to Minnesota, Kentucky, Arkansas and Ne-
braska (according to J, M. Bates). Augf.-Oct.
Solidago apecldsa^illida Porter, Bull. Torr. Club, 19: 130. 1892.
Leaves ovate or oblong, coriaceous, prominently veined, pale green; stems stout, tufted, i°-2''
high, densely pubescent above. On the rocky summit of Mt. Mackay, western Ontario.
16. Solidago rigidiuscula (T. &
G. ) Porter. Slender Showy Golden-
rod. (Fig. 3686.)
Solidago aperiosa var. rigidiuscula T. & G.
Fl. N. A. 2:205. 1841.
Solidaiio speciosa var. anguslata A. Gray,
Syni Kl. 1: Part 2, 152. In part. 1884.
Solidago rigidiuscula Porter, Mem. Torr.
Club, 5: 319. 1894.
Stem rather slender, usually glabrous
below, rough-pubescent above, simple,
3°-4° high. Leaves lanceolate or obloug-
lanceolate, entire, or the basal ones some-
times crenate, strongly ciliolate on the
margins, i'-5' long, 3"-! a" wide, the
upper sessile, the lower sometime* nar-
rowed into petioles; heads similar to
those of the preceding species; thyrsus
generally narrow, dense, simple or rarely
branched.
In dry soil, mostly on prairies, Ohio to Ala-
bama, west to Minnesota, Nebraska, Louisi-
ana and Texas. Aug. -Oct.
I
GKNUS 22.]
THISTLE FAMILY,
high
I T. & G.
17. Solidago Purshii Porter. River-bank
Golden-rod. (Fig. 3687.)
Solidasco humilis Pursli, V\. Am. Sept. 543' >8i4.
Not Mill.
Solidago Purshii Voxier, Bull. Torr. Club, ai:3U. 1894.
5. racemosa Greene, Pittonia, 3: 160. 1397.
Glabrous or nearly so; stems simple, usually
-somewhat glutinous, S'-iS' high. Lower and basal
leaves oblanceolate, obtuse or acutish, dentate, or
crenate, 2'-6' long, yi'-i' wide, narrowed into
slightly margined petioles; stem leaves sessile, lan-
ceolate, oblong or linear, numerous, crenate or
•entire, mostly acute, smaller; heads 3"-4" high in
a terminal simple or branched thyrsus; bracts of
the involucre linear-oblong, obtuse, or the inner
acutish; achenes striate, pubescent.
On rocky river banks, Newfoundland to northern
New York, Vermont and Virginia. July-Sept.
18. Solidago alpistris Wald. & Kit.
Alpine Golden-rod. (Fig. 3688.)
Solidago aipestris Wald. & Kit. PI. Rar. Hung. 3.
pi. ioS. i8ia.
Solidago yirgaurea var. aipina Bigel. PI. Host. Ed. 7,
307. 1824.
Glabrous, or somewhat pubescent; stems simple,
often tufted, y-\2' high, ascending, or erect, an-
gular. Basal leaves obovate, or broadly spatulate,
serrate with low sharp or blunt teeth, at least above
the middle, obtuse, or acute, 2'-/^' long, narrowed
into petioles; stem leaves oblanceolate, spatulate,
or obli'Ug, sessile, or the lower petioled, mostly
distant; inflorescence a short raceme or thyrsns,
with clusters of heads in the axils of the leaves;
heads j,"-i," high; bracts of the involucre obtuse
or acute; achenes pubescent.
Alpine summits of the motintains of Maine, New
Hampshire and northern New York, mostly above tim-
ber line. Also in Europe. Aug. -Sept.
19. Solidago Virgiurea L. European
Golden-rod. (Fig. 3689.)
Solidago Virgaurea L. Sp. PI. 880. 1753.
Somewhat pubescent, at least above; stem usually
simple, rather stout, i°-2° high. Basal leaves oblan-
ceolate, broadly spatulate, or obovate, 3'-5' long, i'
■wide, or less, obtuse or acute, mostly dentate, nar-
rowed into margined petioles; stem leaves sessile, or
the lower petioled, oblong-lanceolate to spatulate,
acute; heads ^"-i," high, in a narrow, dense or inter-
rupted, rarely branched thyrsus which is often 10'
long; bracts of the involucre obtuse or acute; achenes
more or less pubescent.
Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont and northern New
York, mostly at middle altitudes. Also in Europe. Called
also Aaron's-rod, Woundwort. Aug. -Sept.
SoUdago Virgjiurea RAndli Porter, Bull. Toit. Club, ao: 3o8-
«893.
More or less glutinous; sten; stout, often dark purple;
heads in a large paniculately branched thyrsus. Maine,
I^ew Hampshire and Vermont.
Solidago Virgiurea Dianei Porter, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 330. 1894.
Solidago Virgaurea var. monticola Porter, Bull. Torr. Club, ao: 209. 1893. Not 5. monticola T.
&G. 1841.
Stem only 3'-i2' high, often slender; thyrsus short, a' -4' long; heads i ^^"-3" high. Mountains,
Maine, Vermont and New Hampshire.
SoUdago VirgJiurea RedflMdli Porter, Bull. Torr. Club, ao: 300. 1893.
Very glutinous; stem i^-\M° high; leaves thick; thyrsus paniculately oranched, large, the strict
branches erect-ascending. Mt. Desert Island, Maine, and Indian Pass, Adirondacks, N. Y,
aa
,
338
COMTOSITAE.
[Vol. in.
Solidago Viigiutea Gillmani (A, Gray) Porter, Bull. Torr. Club, 30: 209. 1H93.
Solidago humilis var. Gillmani A. Gray, I'roc. Am. Acad. 17: 191. 1882.
Stout, I ^°-3° high; thyrsus paniculately branched ; basal leaves very large, sometimes 10' lone;,
sharply serrate. Sand liills, southern shore of I^ke Superior. Perhaps not referable to this species.
20. Solidago sempdrvirens L.
Sea-side Golden-rod. (Fig. 3690.)
Solidago sempervirena I,. Sp. PI. 878. 1753.
Stem stout, leafy, usually sitnple, 2°-8'*
bigli, glabrous, or slightly puberulent above.
Leaves thick, fleshy, entire, with a-5 pairs of
lateral veins, the lower and basal ones oblong,
spatulate or lanceolate, mostly obtuse, some-
times 1° long, narrowed into long petioles;
upper leaves sessile, lanceolate to oblong-
lanceolate, acute; heads 's"-^" high in secund
racemes of a large terminal often leafy pani-
cle; rays 8-10, showy ; bracts of the involucre
lanceolate, acute.
On salt marshes, sea-beaches, along tidal
rivers and in sandy soil near the sea. New Bruns-
wick to Florida and Mexico. Also in Bermuda.
Called also Salt-marsh Golden-rod. Aug.-Dec.
ai. Solidago oddra Ait. Sweet or
Anise-scented Golden-rod.
(Fig. 3691.)
Solidago odora Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 214. 1789.
Slender; stem simple, glabrous, or minutely
pubescent above, 2°-4° high. Leaves punc-
tate, anise-scented when bruised, lanceolate,
quite entire, acute or acuminate, 2^-4' long,
3"-8" wide, sessile, or the lowermost peti-
oled; heads 2"-2>i" high, secund on the
spreading racemes of the termiinal, usually
ample panicle; rays 3 or 4, i"-'s" long; bracts
of the involucre oblong-lanceolate, acute.
In dry soil. Nova Scotia (according to Som-
mers); Massachusetts to Florida, west to New
York, Kentucky and Texas. Called also Blue
Mountain Tea. July-Sept.
Solidago od6ra inodira A. Gray, Man. Ed. 5, 244.
1867.
I^eaves not punctate, scentless when bruised.
Probably a mere form.
vx. Solidago tortifdlia KU. Twisted-
leaf Golden-rod. (Fig. 3692.)
Solidago relrorsa Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 5,39. 1814.
Not Michx. 1803.
Solidago tortifolxa Ell. Hot. S. C. & Ga. a: 377.
1834.
Stem slender, rough-pubescent or puberu-
lent, ^''-■s° high, simple. Leaves linear or
linear-oblong, often twisted, scabrous, sessile,
acute, I'-a' long, i>»"-3" wide, obscurely
veined but with a distinct midrib, the lower
serrate, the upper entire; heads about 2" high,
secund on the usually recurved branches of
the terminal panicle; rays 3-5, short; bracts of
the involucre linear, obtuse or obtusisb.
In dry sandy soil, Virginia to Florida and
Texas, mostly near the coast. Autumn.
GBNUS 33.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
339
18.4.
■ ill-
23. Solidago rugdsa Mill. Wrinkle-
leaved, or Tall Hairy Golden-rod.
Bitter-weed. (Fig. 3693.)
5'. rugosa Mill. Card. Diet. Ed. 8, No. 25. 1768.
Soliaagoallissima Ait. Hoit. Kew. 3: 31 a. 1789.
Stem hirsute, usually stout, i°-7>^° high,
simple, or branched at the summit. Leaves
rather thin, more or less pubescent or sca-
brous, oval or oblong-lanceolate, acute or
acuminate (rarely obtusish) at the apex, nar-
rowed at the base, rugosely veined on the
lower surface, sharply serrate, i'-^' long,
4"-i8"wide, sessile, or the lowest sometimes
tapering into petioles; heads 1;^ '"-2'^ high,
secund on the spreading or recurving, often
leafy branches of the usually large and com-
pound panicle; bracts of the involucre linear,
obtuse or obtusish.
Usually in dry soil, in fields and along road-
sides, Newfoundland to western Ontario, south
to Florida and Texas. Very variable. July-
Nov.
34. Solidago iistuldsa Mill. Pine
Barren Golden-rod. (Fig, 3694.)
Solidago fislutosa Mill. Card. Diet. Ed. 8, No.
19. 1768.
Sohdago pilosa Walt. Fl. Car. 207. 1788. Not
Mill. 1768.
Stem rather stout, simple, or branched
above, 3°-7° high, hirsute. Leaves numer-
ous, sessile, ovate-oblong, oblong-lanceolate,
or sometimes lanceolate, thick, rough or
hirsute on the margins and mid-rib beneath,
the upper small, obtuse or obtusish, entire,
the lower sparingly serrate, obtuse or acute,
i'-4' long with a broad base; heads about 3''
high, secund on the spreading or recurving
branches of the panicle; rays 7-10, small;
bracts of the involucre, at least the outer,
acute.
In moist pine-barrens, New Jersey to Florida
and Louisiana. Aug. -Oct.
25. Solidago p6tula Muhl. Rough- \V
leaved or Spreading Golden-rod.
(Fig. 3695.)
Solidatfo tiatula Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2059.
1804.
Stem stout, rather rigid, usually simple,
glabrous, or sometimes pnberulent above, 3°-
7° high. Leaves thick, glabrous below, ex-
ceedingly rough above, pinnately veined, the
lower and basal ones very large, 3''-i6' long,
^yi'S' wide, oval or elliptic, narrowed into
margined petioles, the upper smaller, oval or
oblong, aeasile, acute, finely serrate, or the
uppermost entire; heada j,"-A'' hlgbi Kcund
on the widely spreading and recurving
branches of the loose panicle; rays small;
bracts of the involucre llnear-oblong,obtn8e.
In swamps, Maine and Ontario to Minnesota,
south to Georgia, Missouri and Texas. Ascends
to sooo ft. in North Carolina. Stem strongly
angled, at least below. Aug. -Oct.
k
340
COMPOSITAE.
[Vol.. III.
26. Solidago ulmifdlia Muhl. Elm-
37. Solidago Bodttii Hook.
Boon's Golden-rod. (Fig. 3697.)
5. Boottii Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i: 97. 1835.
Stem glabrous, or puberulent above, slen-
der, usually branched near the summit, a°-
5° high. I^eaves firm, pinnately and finely
reticulatc-veiued, the lower and basal ones
ovate or oblong-lanceolate, narrowed into
margined, sometimes ciliate petioles, acumi-
nate at the apex, sharply and rather coarsely
semtte, 3'-6' long, the upper smaller, entire,
or finely serrate, sessile; heads i"-j," high,
'secund on the elongated, spreading or re-
'curving branches of the usually ample pani-
cle; rays few, small; bracts of the involucre
linear-oblong, obtuse; achenes pubescent.
In dry woods, Virginia to Florida and Texas.
Ascends to 3000 ft. in Virginia. July-Sept.
leaved Golden-rod. (Fig. 3696.)
Solidago ulmi/olia Muhl.; Willd. Sp. PI. 3:
3060. 1804.
Stem slender, glabrous, or puberulent
at the summit, 2°-^° high, simple, or
branched above, the arched branches
puberulent or pubescent. Leaves thin,
oblong, acute or acuminate at the apex
and base, coarsely and sharply serrate,
pinnately veined, glabrous or sparingly
pubescent, the lower and basal ones
wider, 3'-5' long, i'-i>i' wide, narrowed
into margined petioles, the upper smaller,
sessile; heads 2"-3" high, secund on the
usually few and elongated, usually leafy
racemose branches of the panicle; rays
small, deep yellow; bracts of the invo-
lucre oblong-lanceolate, obtusish.
In woods and copses, Maine to Georgia,
west to Minnesota, Missouri and Texas.
Ascends to 2100 ft. in Virginia. July-Sept.
A2ft*^
a8. Solidago Ellidttii T. & G.
Elliott's Golden-rod. (Fig. 3698.)
Solidago Elliolliit. &.G. Fl. N.A. 2: 218. 1841.
Solidago elHptica Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. a: 376.
1824. Not Ait. 1789.
Stem glabrous, or minutely puberulent
above, stout, j^-b° high, simple, or branch-
ed at the inflorescence. Leaves firm, ob-
long or oblong- lanceolate, rafeiy ovate-ob-
long, acute or acuminate, sessile by a
broad base, or sometimes narrowed below,
finely serrate, crenate-serrate, or the upper
entire, rough on the margins, pinnately
veined, glabrous on both sides, or puberu-
lent on the veins beneath, I'-s' long, 4"-
la" wid ; heads about 3" high, more or
less secund on the short, spreading or re-
curving branches of the narrow panicle;
bracta of the involucre linear-obloag, ob-
tuse; rays 6-12, short; achenes pubescent.
In swamps, Massachusetts to North Carolina
and Georgia, mainly near the coast Sept. -Oct.
GKNUS 22.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
ag. Solidago negl6cta T. & G.
Swamp Golden-rod. (Fig. 3699.)
Solidago neglecla t. & G. PI. N. A. a: 213. 1841.
Solidago Terrae-Novae T. & G. loc. cit. 306. 1841?
Stem glabrous, or slightly rough above, sim-
ple, rather stout, 2°-4° high. Leaves firm, the
basal and lower ones lanceolate or oblong-lan-
ceolate, large, sometimes 12' long, acute or ob-
tusish, serrate or serrulate, tapering into mar-
gined petioles, rough on the margins; upper
leaves smaller, lanceolate, acute, sessile, serrate
or nearly entire; heads ly^"-'^" high, more or
less secund on the short branches of the thyr-
soid panicle; rays 3-8, small; bracts of the in-
volucre linear-oblong, obtuse; achenes glabrous,
or nearly so.
In swamps, New Brunswick to Wisconsin, south
to Maryland and Illinois. Forms with the heads
little secund resemble .S. uliginosa. Augr--Sept.
30. Solidago uniligulitta (DC.) Porter.
Few-rayed Golden-rod. (Fig. 3700.)
Bigelovia (?) unitigulala DC. Prodr. 5: 129. 18.^6.
Solidago linoides T. & G. PI. N. A. a: 216. 1841.
Not Soland.
Solidago neglecla var. linoides A. Gray, Syn. PI. i:
Part 2. 154- >884-
Solidago uniligulata Porter, Mem. Torr. Club, 5:
320. 1894.
Stem simple, slender, i}4''-2/4° high, gla-
brous, or slightly pubescent above. Leaves
firm, obscurely pinnately veined, lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate, finely and sharply serrate,
acute or acuminate, the lower long-petioled,
4'-9' long, 4'^-g" wide, the upper sessile, the
uppermost very small and erect; heads about 2"
high, densely secund on the short spreading
or recurving branches of the small naked pani-
cle; rays 1-4; bracts of i.he involucre linear-ob-
long, obtuse; achenes glabrous.
In swamps, Maine to New York and New Jersey.
Aug.-Scpt.
31. Solidago juncea Ait. Early or
Sharp-toothed (k)lden-rod. (Fig. 3701.)
Solidago juncea Ait. Hort. Kew. 3; 213. 1789.
Solidago arguta T. & G. PI. N. A. a: 214. 1841.
Not Ait. 1789.
Stem glabrous, or very nearly so throughout,
rigid, rather stout, simple, or branched at the
inflorescence, \l4°-4'' high. Leaves firm, gla-
brous, lanceolate or oval-lanceolate, acute or
acuminate, serrate, serrulate, or nearly entire,
the lower large, sometimes 12' long and 3' wide,
long-petioled, the upper smaller, sessile; heads
i^'
high, secund on the recurved
branches of the usually ample spreading pani'
cle; rays 7-12, stuall; bracts of the involucre
oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse or acute;
achenes glabrous or spariogly pubescent.
In dry or rocky soil, New Brunswick to Hudson
Bay and Manitoba, North Carolina and Missouri.
One of the earliest flowering species. Called also
Yellow-top, Plume Golden-rod. June-Nov.
SoUdago jiiacea scabrMla (T. & G.) A. Gray, Syn.
Fl. a: Part a, 155. 18S4.
S.argula var. scabrella T. & G. PI. N. A. a: 214. 1841.
Leaves rljld, scabrous, especially on the margins.
Illinois to Wisconsin and Kentucky.
342
COMPOSITAE.
[Vol,. III.
Solidago jiincea rambu Porter and Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, 18: 368. 1891.
Much branched at the summit, the branches slender, erect, slightly curved, the heads in short
small racemes, Maine to Western New Jersey, West Virginia and Ohio.
3a. Solidago argOta Ait. Cut-
leaved Golden-rod. (Fig. 3702.)
Solidae:o arguta Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 313. 1789.
5. MuhlenberKiit. & G. Fl. N. A. a: 214. 1841 .
Stem simple, rather stout, glabrous, or
sparingly pubescent above, a°-4° high.
Leaves thin, pinnately veined, the lower
and basal ones broadly ovate or oval, short-
acuminate, 3'- 16' long, i'-5'wide, narrow-
ed into margined petioles, sharply and
coarsely serrate; upper leaves sessile, ovate
to oblong, acute or acuminate, more or less
serrate, smalle'; heads a>^"-3Ji''' high,
secund on the lateral racemose branches
of the terminal, often leafy panicle; rays
5-7, large; bracts of the involucre oblong,
obtuse; achenes glabrous or nearly so.
In rich woods, Ontario and New Kngland
to Ohio, south to Virginia. Ascends to 2700
ft. in the Adirondacks. July-Oct.
33. Solidago rup^stris Raf. Rock
Golden-Rod. (Fig. 3703.)
Solidago rupesiris Raf. Ann. Nat. 14. 1820.
Stem slender, glabrous, or minutely pubes-
cent above, a°-3° high. Leaves thiu, triple-
nerved, linear-lanceolate, a'-s' long, i"-5"
wide, entire, or sparingly serrate with some-
what appressed teeth, acuminate at the apex,
narrowed at the base, sessile, or the lowest pet-
ioled, glabrous; ^isads small, i}^" high, secund
on the short spreading branches of the small
panicle; rays 4-6, shoit; bracts of the involucre
thin, linear; achenes small, nearly glabrous.
Rocky banks of streams, Pennsylvania to West
Virginia, Tennessee and Indiana. Aug. -Sept.
34. Solidago serdtina Ait. L,ate
Golden-rod. (Fig, 3704.)
Solidago serolina Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 211. 1789.
S. gigantea Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 2056. 1804. Not Ait.
1789- . ■*».. ^
Stem stout, 3°-8° high, glabrous, sometimes
glaucons. Leaves lanceolate or oblong- lanceo-
late, thin, triple-nerved, sharply serrate, or
rarely nearly entire, sessile, or the lowest peti-
oled, glabrons on both sides but more or less
rough-margined, 3'-6' long, a"-ia" wide,
acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base;
heads 2}i"-i%" high, crowded on the spread-
ing or recurving branches of the usually large
and often leafy panicle, which are sometimes
pubemlent; bracts of the involacre oblong,
thin, obtnse; rays 7-15, rather large; achenes
finely pubescent.
In moist soil, Newfoundland to British Columbia,
Ascends to 2300 ft. in Virginia. Aug.-Oct.
south to Georgia, Texas, Nevada and Oregon.
Gbnus 2i.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
343
With the type.
Solidago serbtina glgantia (Ait. ) A. Gray, Proc. Am. .\cad. 17: i8n. 1883.
Solidago gigaiilfa Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: aii. 1789.
Leaves hispid or pubescent on the lower surface, at least on its prominent veins,
35. Solidago Missouridnsis Nutt.
Missouri Golden-rod. (Fig. 3705.)
Solidago Missouriensis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7;
^■i■ i«34-
Stem glabrous, rather slender, 3°-,s° high.
Leaves firm or thick, those of the stem linear-
lanceolate and sessile, acuminate at the apex,
narrowed at the base, a'-4' long, very rough-
margined, triple-nerved, entire, or sparingly ser-
rate with low sharp teeth, the basal and lowest
ones larger, spatulate, petioled; heads 2%"-^"
high, secund on the spreading or recurving
branches of the short and broad, usually naked
panicle; bracts of the iuvolucre oblong, greenish-
tipped, obtuse, or the inner acute, thick; rays
6-13, short; achcnes nearly glabrous.
On dry prairies, Manitoba and Minneiota to Ten-
nessee, west to Xebruska, Washington, Missouri and
Texas, .\utunin.
36. Solidago Sh6rtii T. & G.
Short's Golden-rod. (Fig. 3706.)
Solidago Shortii T. & G. Fl. N. A. a; 222. 1841.
Stem slender, glabrous below, minutely
pubescent above, ■2*'-4° high. Leaves firm,
oblong-lauceolate, sessile (the lowest peti-
oled?), triple-nerved, acute or acuminate at
the apex, glabrous on both sides, the larger
2'-4' long, 5"-6" wide, sharply serrate with
rather small and distant teeth, the upper
gradually smaller, sparingly serrate, or en-
tire; heads about y high, secund on the
usually recurved branches of the com-
monly large puberulent panicle; involucre
narrowly campanulatc, its bracts linear-ob-
long, obtuse; rays 5-7, rather small; achenes
silky-pubescent.
On rocks at the Palls of the Ohio river and
in northwestern Arkansas. July-Aug.
37. Solidago Gattiinger Chapm.
Gattinger's Goldeu-rod. (Fig. 3707.)
Solidago Gatlint^eri Chapm.; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. i;
Part 2, 156. 1884.
Stem slender, 2°-3° high, branched at the
inflorescence, glabrous throughout. Leaves firm,
glabrous beneath, rough above, ciliolate, the
lower and basal ones oblanceolate or spatulate,
acutish, 3'-6' long, 6"-io" wide, serrate with
low distant teeth, narrowed into margined
petioles; upper leaves abruptly smaller, linear-
oblong or oblanceolate, bract-like, entire, ses-sile ;
heads 3''''-2>^'''' high, somewhat secund on the
spreading, often very slender and elongated
branches of the panicle; bracts of the involucre
oblong, very obtuse; rays 6-10; achenes puberu-
lent, or glabrous below.
In dry soil, Tennessee^and Missouri.^ July-Aug.
344
COMPOSITAE.
[Vol. III.
38. Solidago Canadensis L. Canada
Golden-rod. (Fig. 3708.)
Solidago Canadensis h. Sp. PI. 878. 1753.
Solidago allissima I,, loc. cit. 1753.
Stem stout, puberuletit, pubescent, or hirsute, 3°-<S°
high. Leaves lanceolate, triple-uervcd, acute at each
end, the lower ones sharply serrate and petiolcd,
3'-6' long, ^"-\2" wide, the upper smiiller, en-
tire, sessile; heads ly'/'-i" high, very numerous,
secund on the spreading or recurving branches of
the usually large and dense panicle; brncts of the
involucre linear, obtuse or acntish; rayS9-i5; achenes
glabrous or somewhat pubescent.
Ilflually in dry soil, New Brunswick to the Northwest
Territory and Ilritish Cohimbia, south to Florida iitid
Arizona. Cn"cd also Yellow weed. Aug. -Nov.
Solidago Canadinils pt6cera (Ait. ) T. & G. Fl. N. A? 3:*
224. 1841.
S. procera Ait. Hort. Kew. 3; 211. 1789.
I^eavcs less serrate, sometinips all entire, cinereouH-
pubescent with short appressed hairs. With the type.
Solidago Canadensis glabrita Porter, Bull. Torr. Club, ai: 310. 1894.
Stems 2°-4° high, glabrous or nearly so below, puberulent above; leaves narrowly lanceolate,
smooth above, pubiescent on the vein.s beneath; panicles and heads smaller than in the type.
Maine to northern New York and Pennsylvania.
Solidago Canadensis scabriiiscula Porter, Mem. Torr. Club, $: 318. 1894.
Solidago Canadenstsw!. scabra'i.Si.G.VX.'H. K.'i-.iii,. 1841. Not S. icaAra Willd. 1801.
Leaves shorter, sparingly serrate or entire, rough above, rugose beneath; heads mostly larger
than in the type. New York and Pennsylvania to Florida and Texas.
Solidago Canadensis gilvoscanescens Rydberg, Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: 162. 1895.
A foot high, or less, Itafy, cancscent, yellowish; leaves remotely serrate above the middle, or
entire; inflorescence dense; heads smaller than in the type. Minnesota to Montana and Kan.sas.
39. Solidago nemor&lis Ait. Gray or Field
Golden-rod. Dyer's Weed. (Fig. 3709.)
Solidago nemoralis Ait. Hort. Kew. 3; 213. 1789.
Slender, ashy-gray, 6'-a° high, finely and densely
pubescent. Leaves thick, roughish, the basal and
the lower stem leaves oblanceolate or spatulate,
petioled, obscurely triple-nerved, obtuse or acutisb,
crenate-dentate, 3'-6' long, 4"-! a" wide; nppev
leaves gradually smaller, oblanceolate or linear-ob-
long, acute or acutish, entire; heads 2"--x>' high,
secund on the spreading or recurving branches of
the terminal, usually one-sided panicle; bracts of the
involucre linear-oblong; rays 5-9; achenes pubescent.
In dry soil, Quebec to the Northwest Territory, Flor-
ida, Texas and Arizona. July-Nov.
Solidago nemorilis arenfcola Burgess
Depresfed, or prostrate, about 6' high; inflorescence
dense, flattened, composing most of the plant. Sand
hills, Cape Cod to Long Island.
40. Solidago ni611is Bartl. Velvety
Golden-rod, (Fig. 3710.)
Solidago mollis Bartl. Ind. Sem. Goett. 5. 1836.
Solidago incana T. & G. Fl. N. A. a: 221. 1841.
Solidago nemoralis var. incana A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad>
17: 197. 1882.
Stem rigid, stout, low, cancscent or slightly scabrous,
6'-i2' high. Leaves pale, canescent or rough, entire
or dentate, strongly 3-nerved, oblong, ovate or oblan-
ceolate, the lower petioled, 2'-3' long, 3"-! 2" wide,
very obtuse, the upper sessile, smaller; heads 2"-i"
high, somewhat or scarcely secund on the short
branches of the erect, not one-sided, dense thyrsoid
panicle; bracts of the involucre oblong, obtuse or
acutish; rays 5-9; achenes pubescent.
Dry plains, Minnesota to the Northwest Territory, soutH
to Texas and Mexico. July-Sept
•e '4
i
GBNUS 32.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
345
41. Solidago R&dula Nutt. Western
Rough Golden-rod. (Fig. 371 1.)
Solidago Radula Nutt. Journ. Acad. Pliila. 7: lua. 1834.
Stem rougb-pubescent, ratber •lender, i°-3° high.
Leaves thick, green, rou){b on both nides, the lower
oblanceolate or spatulate, dentate-crenate, obtuse or
acutish, petiolcd, 3'-8' long, 6"-ao''' wide, obscurely
3-nerved, the upper smaller, oblanceolate, entire or
nearly so, sessile, distinctly 3-nerved, the upper-
most very small; heads 2"-}," high, secund on the
short, usually somewhat recurved branches of the
dense, often one-sided panicle; bracts of the invo-
lucre oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse; rays 3-7,
very short; achenes minutely pubescent.
In dry soil, Illinois to Missouri, Louisiana and
Texas, Aug.-Scpt.
43. Solidago rigida L. Stiff or
Hard-leaved Ck)lden-rod. (Fig, 37 13. )
Solidago rigida L. Sp. PI. 880. 1753.
Stem stout, simple, or branched above,
densely and finely rough-pubesceut,hoary,i°-
5° high. Leaves thick, rigid, ovate to oblong,
pinnat'ly veined, often obtuse.rough on both
sides, the upper sessile, clasping, and rounded
or sometimes narrowed at the base, I'^-a'
long, mostly entire ; lower and basal leaves
long-petioled, sometimes 1° long and 3^ wide,
entire or serrulate; heads 4"-5" high, many-
flowered, in a terminal dense corymbose
cyme, the clusters sometimes slightly secund;
involucre broadly campanulate, its bracts ob-
long, obtuse, the outer pubescent; rays 6-10,
large; achenes glabrous, io-15-nerved.
In dry sandy, gravelly or rocky soil, Ontario
to the Northwest Territory, south to Georgia,
Texas and Colorado. Aug. -Oct.
43. Solidago Drummdndii T. & G.
Dtummond's Golden-rod. (Fig. 3712.)
Solidago Drummoiidii T. & G. Fl. N. A. a: 217.
1841.
Stem rather slender, i°-3° high, finely sofl-
pubeacent. Leaves rather thiu, broadly ovate
or oval, glabrous or nearly so above, finely,
but sometimes sparingly pubescent, or rough-
ish beneath, sharply serrate, acute at the
apex, narrowed at the base, 3-nerved and pin-
nately veined, petioled, or the upper sessile,
the larger 3^-4' long, i^'-a' wide; heads a"-
2}i" high, secund on the usually few, spread-
ing or recurving branches of the panicle; bract-
like upper leaves obtuse, or acute, entire; rays
4-6, conspicuous ; bracts of the involucre ob-
long-lanceolate, obtuse; achenes puticscent.
In rocky soil, Illinois to Louisiana and Mis-
souri. Sept.-Oct.
346
COMPOSITAE.
[\ou. III.
45. Solidago Ohio6nsis Kiddell.
Ohio Golden-rod. (Fig. 3715.)
Solidago Ohioeiisis Riddell, Syn. Fl. West.
States, 57. 1835.
Very smooth throughout ; stem rather
slender, simple, 3°-3° high. Leaves firm,
the basal and lower ones elongated-lanceo-
late or oblong-lanceolate., obtuse, long-
petioled, serrulate toward the eud, or
sometimes entire, often 1° long; upper
leaves sessile, lanceolate, entire, gradually
smaller and those of the inflorescence
bract-like; heads 2%"-2," high, numer-
ous in a terminal compound cyme, 15-25-
flowered; rays 6-9, small; bracts of the
narrowly campanulate involucre oblong,
very obtuse, glabrous; achenes glabrous,
5-nerved.
r In moist soil, western New York to Illi-
nois. Augr.-Sept.
44. Solidago multiradiita Ait.
Northern Golden-rod. (Fig. 3714.)
Solidago multiradiala Ait. Hort. Kew. 3; 218. 1789.
Stem glabrous or somewhat pubescent above,
rather slender, 6'-i5' high. Leaves firm, gla-
brous or very nearly so, the basal and lower ones
spatulate or oblanceolate, entire, or sparingly
serrate, obtuse, finely reticulate-veined, j'-s'
long, 3"-9" wide, the upper smaller, narrower,
sessile, entire; heads about ^" high, usually
few in a terminal rather compact, corymbose
cyme, but the inflorescence sometimes elongated
and thyrsoid ; bracts of the involucre thin, linear-
lanceolate, acute; glabrous; rays 8-15, promi-
nent, linear, achenes pubescent.
Lftbrador and Hudson Bay to British Columbia,
south in the Rocky Mountains to Colorado. July-
Augr.
46. Solidago Ridd^llii Frank.
Riddell's Golden-rod. (Fig. 3716.)
Solidago Riddellii Prank; Riddell, Syn. PI.
West. States, 57. 1835.
Stem stout, glabrous, or slightly pube8ceu^
above, i°-2,° high. Leaves numerous, thick,
glabrous on both sides, entire, acute at each
end, the lower and basal ones long-petioled,
elongated, lanceolate, somewhat triple-
nerved, often 1° long, \"-\&' wide, the up-
per smaller, similar, sessile and clasping at
the base, conduplicate, somewhat falcate;
heads j,"-i," high, 20-30-flowered, very
numerous in a dense corymlM>8e cyme; invo-
lucre oblong-campanulate, its bracts broadly
oblong, obtuse; rays 7-9, narrow; achenes 5-
nerved, glabrons.
On moist prairies, Ohio to Minnesota and
Missouri. Also at Portress Monroe, Va. Aug.-
Sept.
CiKNI'S JJ.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
347
47. Solidago Ho^ghtonii T. & G.
Houghton's Golden-ro(l.
(Fig- 37' 7-)
Sotidago HotighUmii T. & G. ; A. Gray, Man.
311. 1848.
Ktem Blender, glabrous below, sparingly
pubescent above, i°-3° high. Leaves
linear, the basal and lower ones petioled,
4'-5' long, 2"-4" wide, .-^-nerved, en-
tire, acute at each end, the upper
smaller, sessile, slightly conduplicate,
otherwise similar, the uppermost small
and bract-like; heads about ■)/' high, few,
in » small corymbose cyme, 20-30-
flowered; involucre broadly campanulate,
its bract J oblong, obtuse; achenes gla-
brous, 4-5-nerved.
In Hwamps, north Hhorea of l,akca Superior
and Huron, and in Genesee Co., N. Y.
Autumn.
23. EUTHAMIA Nutt. Gen. a: 162. 1818.
Erect, paniculately-branched herbs, perennial by long rootstocks, with linear or linear-
lanceolate entire sessile 1-5-nerTed punctate leaves, and very numerous small heads of both
tubular and radiate yellow flowers, clustered in the large cymose, convex or nearly flat-topped
inflorescence. Bracts of the involucre obtuse, imbricated in several series, appressed, some-
what glutinous. Receptacle flattisb, flmbiillate, or pilose. Ray-flowerg pistillate, usually
more numerous than the disk-flowers, the rays small. Disk-flowers perfect. Anthers obtuse
at the base. Style-branches with lanceolate appendages. Achenes top-shaped or oblong,
villous-pubescent. [Greek, referring to the clustered heads.]
Four known species, the following, and one of western North America.
Leaves distinctly .vs-nerved; ray-flowers 12-20.
Leaves i -nerved, or with a pair of indistinct lateral nerves; ray-flowers 5-10.
Stem-leaves 2"-3" wide: disk-flowers 3 or 4.
Leaves H"-i W" wide; disk-flowers 5 or 6.
I. E. graminifolia.
a. E. leplocephata.
3. E. Caroliniana.
>ta and
Aug.-
1. Euthamia graminifdlia (ly.) Nutt. Bushy or Fragrant Golden-rod.
(Fig. 3718.)
Chr^socoma gramini/olia L. Sp. PI. 841. 1753.
Sohdago lanceolala L. Mant. 114. 1767.
Euthamia gramini/olia Nutt. Gen, a: 169.
1818.
Solidago gramini/olia EU. Bot. S. C. & Ga. a:
391. 1824.
Stem paniculately much branched, or
rarely simple, glabrous but sometimes
slightly rough above, 2°-4° high. Leaves
numerous, linear-lanceolate, acuminate or
acute at each end, i'-5' long, 2"-4" wide,
3-5-nervcd, minutely rough-pnbescent on
the margins and nerves of the lower surface;
I resinous dots few; beads 3'^-3'^ higL, sessile
in capitate clusters arranged in a flat-topped
corymbose cyme; involucre ovoid- campanu-
late, its bracts oblong or oblong-lanceolate,
slightly viscid; rays 12-20; disk- flowers 3- 13.
In moist soil, fields and roadsides.New Bruns-
wick to the Northwest Territory, south to
Florida, Nebraska and Missouri. Fragrant
July-Sept.
348
COMPOSITAE.
[Vol. III.
2. Euthamia leptoc6phala (T. &
G.) Greene. Western Bushy
Golden-rod. (Fig. 3719.)
Solidago leplocephala T. & O. Fl. N. A. 2:
226. 184 1.
Euthamia Irptocephala Greene, Mem. Torr.
Club, S: 321. 1894.
Stem m uch branched, smooth , I ^ °-2 ^ °
high. Leaves linear to linear-lanceolate,
acuminate or acute at each end, i-nerved,
or with a pair of indistinct lateral nerves,
re ^h-margined, those of the stem usually
2'-3' long, 2"-y wide; heads 2"-},"
high, rather narrower than those of the
preceding species, sessile in the clusters
of the flat-topped inflorescence; bracts of
the involucre linear-oblong; disk-flowers
3 or 4; ray-flowers 7-10.
In moist soil, Missouri to Louisiana and
Texas. Aug. -Oct.
Euthamia Caroliniilna (L.) Greene. Slender Fragrant Golden-rod.
(Fig. 3720.)
Carolinianum L. Sp. PI. 863.
Am. Sept.
Erigeron
1753-
Solidago lenui/olia Parsh, Fl,
540. 1814.
Euthamia Caroliniana Greene, Mem. Torr.
Club, S: 321. 1894.
Resembles the preceding species but is
smaller, glebrous and somewhat resinous,
seldom over i^° high. Leaves narrowly
linear, entire, acuminate, sessile, narrowef".
at the base, i-nerved or with an additional
pair of faint lateral nerves, i'-^' long,
\"~2" wide, punctate, often with smaller
ones clustered in the axils, the resinous
dots minute; heads about \)/i" high, very
numerous and crowded in the dense
corymbose cyme; involucre oblong-cani-
panulate, its bracU oblong; rays 6-12;
disk- flowers 4-6.
In dry sandy soil, eastern Massachusetts
to Illinois, Plurida, Louisiana and Text-s,
mainly near the coast. Aug.-Oct.
24. BRACHYCHAETA T. & G. Fl. N. A. 2: 194. 1841.
An erect, perennial herb, with .e a'pect of a Golden-rod. Leaves alternate, the lower
and basal ones large, cordate, long-petioled, the upper ovate, shorf-petioled or sessile. , Heads
composed of both tubular and radiate flowers, in a terminal narrow spike-like thyrsus.'' Invo-
lucre narrowly campanulate, its bracts coriaceous, imbricated in '' w series, the outer suc-
cessively S'^'^ller. Receptacle small, naked. Rays small, yellow, pistillate. Dir.k-flowcrs
perfect, their corollas tubular, somewhat expanded above, s-cleft. Anthers obtuse and en-
tire at the base. Style-branches flattened, their appendages lanceolate. Acheues 8-10-
ribbed. Pappus a single row of scale-like bristles, shoiter than the achene. [Greek, short-
brisUe, referring 1 the pappus.]
A monotypic genus of eastern North Americc.
Genus 24.]
THISVi^E FAMILY
I. Brachychaeta sphaceUta (Raf.)
Britton. False Golden-rod. (Fig. 3721.)
Solidago sphacelala Raf. Ann. Nat. 14. 1820.
S. cnrdaia Sho<-t. Trans. Journ. Med. 7: 599. 1834.
Hrachychaela .\.,dala T. & O. Fl. N. A. a: 194. 1841.
B. sphacelala Britton; Kearney, Bull. Torr. Club, ao:
484. 1893.
Stem erect, pubescent, simple, or branched
above, 2°-4° high. Basal and lower leaves
broadly ovate, cordate or truncate at the base,
acute at the apex, pinnately veined, sharply ser-
rate, 3'-6' long, the slender petioles $'-9' long,
stem leaves gradually smaller and shorter-peti-
oled, the uppermost very small and sessile; heads
about lyi" high, racemose-secund or densely
clustered on the short branches of the narrow
elongated terminal thyrsus; braclu of the invo-
lucre oblong or linear-oblong, ob;use or acutish;
rays and disk-flowers each about 5.
In dry wood.s, western Virginia to Indiana, south
to North Carolina and Georgia. Aui;.-Sept.
as. APHANOSTEPHUS DC. Prodr, 5: 310. 1836.
Erect or ascending canescent branching herbs, with alternate leaves, and rather large
heads of both tubular and radiate flowers, solitary at the ends of the branches. Involucre
hemispheric, its bracts lanceolate or linear, scarious-margined, imbricated in a few series, the
outer smaller. Receptacle convex or conic, naked. Ray-flowers pistillate, white or purplish.
Disk-flowers perfect,yellow, their corollas tubular, the limb expanded above,5-dentate. Anthers
obtuse and entire at the base. Style-branches flattened, their appendages short, obtuse.
Achenes many-ribbed. Pappus a short dentate crown. [Greek, faint-crown.]
.\bout 5 species, natives of the southwestern United States and Mexico.
t. Aphanostephus skirrdbasis (DC.)
Trelease. Aphanostephus (Fig. 3722.)
Keerlia skirrobasis DC. Prodr. $: 310. 1836.
Leucopsidium Arkansanum DC. Prodr. 6:43. 1837.
Aphanostephus At kansanus A. Gray, PI. Wright, i:
93. 1852.
Aphanostephus skirrobasis'tre\cMC\ Coville & Bran-
ner. Rep. Geol. Surv. Ark. 1884: Part 4, 191. 1891.
Erect, or diffusely branched, densely canescent,
6'-2° high. Basal and lower leaves spatul^ce, ob-
tuse, 1'-^' long, somewhat dentate, laciniate or
entire, narrowed into marg: -ed petioles; upper
leaves lanceolate, oblong or oblanceolate, obtuse or
acute, mostly sessile, smaller; heads 8"-! 2'' broad,
i"-5" high; rays numerous, narrow, entire;
achenes ribbed and angled; pappus a lobcd or den*
tatc crown.
In dry soil, Kansas to Texas. Also in Florida.
May-Aug.
26. BELLIS L. Sp. PI. 886. 1753
Tufled herbs, with branching orscepose stems, alternate or basal leaves, and rather large
heads of both t'tbular and radiate flowers, solitary at the ends of the branches, or of the mono-
cephalouB scape. Involucre hemispheric or broadly campanulate, its bract/^ herbaceous, im-
bricated in I or 2 scries, nearly equal. Receptacle convex or conic, naked. Ray-flowera
white or pink, pistillate. Disk-flowers yellow, perfect, their corollas tubular, the limb 4-
S-toothed. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base. Style-branches flattened, iheir appen-
dages short, triangular. Achenes flattened, nerved near the margins. Pappus none, or a
ring of minute bristles. [Latin, pretty.]
About 9 species, natives of the northern hemisphere. Only the following are known to occur
in North America, but 2 others are found in Mexico.
I. B. integrifolia,
a. B. perennis.
Stem branched, 6'-tj' high; involucral bracts acute.
Scapes monocepbalous, I'-y' high; involucral bract- obtuse.
35°
COMPOSITAE.
[Vol.. III.
i
I. Bellis integrifdlia Michx. Western Dai.sy.
(Fig- 3723-)
Jiellis inlegri/otia Miclix. FI. Bor. Am. a: 131. 1803,
Slander, diffusely branched, pubescent, 6'-i5' high.
Leaves thin, entire, obtuse, the lower and basal ones
spatulatc, I'-i' long, narrowed into margined petioles,
the upper smaller, oblong, oblauceolate or linear; heads
(^"-fS" broad; bracts of the involucre acute or acuminate,
scarious-margined, glabrous or nearly so; rays usually
violet, oblong-linear; peduncles terminating the branches,
2'-Y long.
Ill moist soil, Kentucky and Tennessee to .\rkansa8 and
'I'exas. May-July.
a. Bellis perinnis L. European or
Garden Daisy. (Fig. 3724.)
Bellis perennis L. Sp. PI. 886. 1753.
Perennial, tufted. Leaves all basal, obovate, ob-
tuse, slightly dentate, \'-2' long, narrowed into
margined petioles, pubescent and ciliate; scapes
naked, i'-~' high, usually several from the same
root, pubescent; heads 6"-i2'" broad; rays numer-
ous, linear, white, pink, or purple; bracts of the
involucre oblong, obtuse, usually purple.
In waste places.or occasionally spontaneous on lawns,
southern New York and eastern PennsylvHnia to Nova
Scotia and Ontario. FuRitive from burope. Native
also of Asia. Naturalized in California and Hritish Co-
lumbia. Other Knglish names are Herb Margaret, Bwe-
or May-Kowan, Childing Daisy, Bone- or Bruise-wort,
Bone-Hower, March Daisy, Rairn-wort. April-Nov.
27. TOWNSENDIA Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. a: 16. 1834.
Tufted Bcapose or branching herbs, with alternate entire linear or sp^ntulate leaves, and
large heads of both tubular and radiate flowers. Involucre hemispheric or broadly campanu-
late; bracts imbricated in several series, the outer shorter. Feceptacle nearly flat, naked or
fimbrillate. Ray-flowers pink or white, pistillate. Disk-fluwers tubular, mostly perfect,
their corollas regular, 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base. Style-branches flat-
tened, their appendages lanceolate. Achenes of the disk-flowers compressed, those of the
rays commonly jangled. Pappus a single series of rigid bristles or short scales. [Named
for David Townsend, botanist, of Philadelphia.]
About 17 species, natives of western North America.
Branching from the base; heads terminal. i. T. grandiflora.
Acaulescent, or nearly so; heads sessile aniongr the leaves. 2. T. exscapa.
I. Townsendia grandifldra Nutt. Large-
flowered Townsendia. (Fig. 3725.)
Toivnsendia grandiflora Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc.
(U)7:3"6. 1841.
Perennial from a long woody root, branching at
the base end sometimes also above, pubescent, or
at length glabrate, 2'-8' high. Leaves linear or
liuear-spatulate, I'-j,' long, i%"-i'' wide, canes-
cent; heads i'-i>^^ broad, solitary at the ends of
the branches; involucre hemispheric, its bracts
scarious-margined, lanceolate, conspicuously acu-
minate; rays violet or purple; pappus of the
ray-flower 1 a crown of short scales, that of the disk-
flowers of rigid bristles longer than the achene,
which is pubescent with 3-toothed hairs.
In dry soil, western Nebraska to Wyoraingr and New
Mexico. May-Aug.
Gbnus 27.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
351
Silky or Low Townsendia.
2. Townsendia exsc&pa (Richards) Porter.
(Fig. 3726.)
Asler (?) exscapus Richards. .\pp. Frank. Joum. ^2.
1823.
Townsendia sericea Hook. Fl. Bor. .\m. a: 16. pi. iti).
1834.
Townsendia exscapa Porter, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 321.
1894.
Acaulescent, or nearly ao, from a deep woody
root, tufted, i'-3' high. Leaves all clustered at
the base, narrowly linear or slightly spatulate, \'-i'
long, i."-2%" wide; heads closely sessile, \'-i\i'
broad, equalled or surpassed by the leaves; invo-
lucre broadly campanulate, its bracts lanceolate,
acute, the inner scarious-margined; rays white or
purplish; pappus of both ray and disk-flowers a
row of rigid bristles, those of the rays shorter and
smaller.
In dry soil, Northwest Territory to Nebraska, Arizona
and New Mexico. Often silky-pubescent. April-July.
a8. CHAETOPAPPA DC. Prodr. 5: 301. 1836.
Annual slender much branched herbs, >ith small alternate entire leaves, and small long-
peduncled heads of both tubular and radiate flowers. Involucre narrowly campanulate, its
bracts lanceolate, acute or acuminate, imbricated in few series, the outer slightly shorter.
Receptacle small, naked. Ray-flowers in i row, pistillate. Disk-flowers perfect, or the cen-
tral ones staminate, their corollas 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base. Style-
branches narrow, flattened, their appendages short, obtuse. Achenes nearly terete, fusiform,
or linear, 5-ribbed. Pappus usually of 5 rigid awn-like scabrous bristles, alternating with
as many short scales or more. [Greek, bristle-pappus.]
Two known species, natives of the southwestern United States. The genus Disiasis DC. ( Cliae-
topappa modesta A. Gray), is liere regarded as distinct.
I. Chaetopappa asteroides DC.
Cbaetopappa. (Fig. 3727.)
Chaetopappa asteroides DC. Prodr. 5: 301. 1836.
Annual, pubescent, erect, 2'-! a' high, the branches
filiform. Lower and basal leaves spatulate, ob-
tuse, yi'-i' long, petioled, the upper linear, much
smaller and bract-like, sessile; heads about t/' broad;
involucre about i" high, its bracts scarious-margined,
glabrous or nearly so; rays 5-12, raised on slender
tubes; central sterile flowers usually awnless; shorter
scales of the pappus of the fertile flowers hyaline,
sometimes lacerate.
In dry soil, Missouri to Texas and northern Mexico.
April-July.
ag. BOLTONIA L'Her. Sert. Angl. 27. 1788.
Perennial glabrous branching herbs, with striate or angled stems, alternate entire sessile
or clasping leaves, and numerous rather large heads of both tubular and radiate flowers,
paniculate, or solitary at the ends of the branches. Involucre hemispheric or broadly cam-
panulate, its bracts scarious-margrined, imbricated in few series, the outer slightly shorter.
Receptacle convex or conic, foveolate. Ray-flowers pistillate. Disk-flowers perfect, their
corollas elongated, 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base. Style-branches flattened,
their appendages short, lanceolate. Achenes flattened, obovate, their margins thickened or
narrowly winged, glabrous or nearly so. Pappus a series of short scales, usually with 3-4
slender rigir'. bristles. [Named for James Bolton, an English botanist of the i8th century.]
As here limited, the genus consists of the 4 following species, with perhaps a fifth in Oregon.
353
COMPOSITAE.
f
DJHk about 2" broad; leaven linear.
Disk 3"-6" broad; leaves lanceolate.
Leaves narrowed at the base, sessile, not decurrent on the stem.
Involucre-bracts lanceolate, acute.
Involucre bracts spatulate, obtuse, or mucronate.
Stem leaves, and sometimes those of the branches decurrent, sagittate.
[Vol.. III.
I. B. diffusa.
a. II. asleroides.
3. H. lalisqiiama.
4. //. decurrens.
X. Boltonia difTiksa KlI. Panicled
Boltonia. (Fig. 3728.)
/lollonia diffusa RU. Bot. S. C. & Ga. a: 400. 18*4.
Paniculately much branched, 2°-^° high, the
branches very slender or filiform. Leaves linear, or
the lower linear-lanceolate, acutish, the larger I'-i'
long, \yi"-2" wide, those of the branches very small
and subulate; heads about 2" high; disk about 2"
broad; rays usually white, \"-2" long; involucre
broadly campanulate, its bracts oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, acutish or obtuse; acbenes obovate, nar-
rowly winged; pappus of several short scales and 2
subulate bristles shorter than the achene.
In dry soil, southern Illinois to Texas, east to South
Carolina and Florida. Aug. -Oct.
a. Boltonia asteroides (ly.) ly'Her.
Aster-like Boltonia. (Fig, 3729.)
Matricaria asleroides L. Mant. 116. 1767.
Matricaria glastifolia Hill,Hort. Kew. 19. pl.3. 1769.
Boltonia asteroides L'Her. Sert. Angl. 27. 1788.
Rather stout, 2°-8° high, somewhat cjmosely
paniculate. Leaves lanceolate, to oblanceolate,
sessile, a'-s' long, ^"-12" wide, the upper linear-
lanceolate, smaller; heads 2"-^" high; disk 3"-6"
wide ; rays white, pink or purple, ^"-b" long; invo-
lucre hemispheric, its bracts lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, acute or acuminatie; pappus of setose
scales, with or without a-4 slender bristles nearly
as long as the obovate or oval achene.
In moist soil, New Jersey to Florida, west to Min-
nesota, Nebraska and Louisiana. July-Sept.
3. Boltonia latisqui^ma A. Gray.
Broad-scaled Boltonia. (Fig. 3730.)
Boltonia latisouama A. Gray, Am. Joum. Sci. (II)
33; 238. 1862.
Similar to the preceding species and perhaps
a variety or form of it. Leaves lanceolate, acute,
sessile; heads rather larger; rays blue-violet ;
bracts of the involucre oblong-spatulate, obtuse
or mucronate; papprs of numr us small short
broad scales and a long bristles.
Western Missouri, eastern Kansas and Arkansas.
Autumn.
Gknus 30.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
353
4. Boltonia decurrens (T. & G.)
Wood. Clasping-leaved Boltonia.
(Fig- 3731 •)
Kolloiiia glasli/olia var. (?) decurrens T. & G. Fl.
N. A. a: 188. 1841.
Jlolloiiia decurrens Wood, Bot. & Flor. t66. 1870.
liolionia asleroides vnr. decurrens Engelm. ; A Gray,
Syn. Fl. 1: Part a, 166. 1884.
Stout, 3°-6° high, branched above. Leaves ob-
long-lanceolate or elongated lanceolate, mucron-
ate at the apex, those of the stem decurrent and
sagittate at the base, 3'-6' long, 6"-8" wide,
those of the branches smaller and merely sessile
or some of them also decurrent; heads 2}^"-^"
high; involucre hemispheric; rays about 3''' long,
violet or purple; pappus of several or numerous
short scales and 2 very slender bristles.
In wet prairies, Illinois and Missouri. Aug. -Sept.
30. SERICOCARPUS Nees, Gen. & Sp. Ast. 148. 1833.
Erect perennial herbs, with alternate leaves, and middle-sized heads of both tubular and
radiate flowers, in terminal cymose panicles. Involucre ovoid, oblong, or campanulate, its
bracts coriaceous, with herbaceous or squarrose tips, imbricated in several series, the outer
shorter. Receptacle small, foveolate. Ray-flowers white, pistillate. Disk-flowers mostly
perfect, their corollas tubular, narrow, yellowish or purplish, 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse and
entire at the base. Style-branches with lanceolate-subulate appendages. Achenes slightly
-compressed, linear-oblong, i-nerved on each side, pubescent. Pappus of numerous capillary
scabrous bristles, the outer usually shorter. [Greek, silky fruit, referring to the achenes. ]
Four known species, natives of North America. Besides the following, another occurs on the
northwestern coast of North America.
Leaves entire, linear, spatulate, or obovate, rigid.
Glabrous, or nearly so; leaves linear or linear-spatulate. i. 5. lini/olius.
Puberulent or scabrous; leaves obovate. a. 5. bi/olialus.
Leaves dentate, oblong, or obovate, thin. 3. 5. asleroides.
I. Sericocarpus linifdlius (L.) B.S.P. Narrow-leaved White-topped Aster.
(Fig- 3732-)
Conyza linifolia L. Sp, PI. 861. 1753.
Sericocarpus solidagineus Nees, Gen. & Sp.
Ast. 149. 183a.
Sericocarpus lini/olius B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y.
a6. 1888.
Glabrous or very nearly so throughout;
stem rather slender, striate, i°-2'/i° high.
Leaves linear or linear-spatulate, spreading,
faintly 3-nerved, thick, entire, obtuse at the
apex, narrowed at the baae, I'-a' long, i>i"-
3" wide, sessile, or the lowest on short mar-
gined petioles, their margins scabrous; beads
about j,"-t," high, clustered in a'8-6'8 at the
ends of the cymose branches; involucre ob*
long-campannlate, its bracts oblong, obtuse,
the outer with somewhat spreading or
reflexed green tips, the inner scarious and
often lacerate or ciliate at the apex; rays 4
or 5, about \"-l" long; pappus white.
In dry, usually sandy soil, Canada (accordiajr
to Gray), Vermont to Ohio, Georgia and Louisi-
ana, June-Sept.
354
COMPOSITAE.
[Voi,. III.
3. Sericocarpus bifolidtus (Walt.)
Porter. Rough White-topped Aster.
(Fig- 3733-)
Conysa bi/oliala Walt. FI. Car. 304. 1788.
Asler tortifolius Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. a: 109. 1803.
.S". lortifolius Nees, Gen. & Sp. Ast. 151. 1832.
5. bi/oliatus Porter, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 322. 1894.
Densely puberulent or scabrous, about 3°
high, the stem terete, or slightly angled. Leaves
sessile, obscurely veined, obovate or broadly
spatulate, thick, obtuse, ascending or erect by a
twist at the base, }^'~i' long, 4"-8" wide, en-
tire, mucronulate, densely appressed-puberulent
on both sides, the upper mostly oblong, much
smaller; heads ^"s" high, cymoscpaniculate;
involucre narrowly campanulate, its bracts ob-
long or the inner linear, pubescent, their tips
somewhat spreading; rays short; pappus white.
In dry soil, Virginia to Florida and Louisiana,
mainly near the coast. Called also Rattlesnake-
master. July-Sept.
3. Sericocarpus asterdides (L.)
B.S.P. Toothed White-topped A.ster.
(Fig- 3734-)
Cony::a asteroides I.,. Sp. PI. 861. 1753.
S. couyzoides Nees, Gen. & Sp. Ast. 150. 1832.
S. asteroides B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 26. 1888.
Stem pubescent, orglabrate, slightly angled,
i°-2° high. Leaves thin, pubescent or gla-
brous, ciliate, pinnately veined and faintly
3-uerved, the basal and lower ones obovate or
spatulate, dentate or rarelj entire, 2'-4' long,
i'-i>i' wide, narrowed into margined petioles;
upper leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, en-
tire or dentate, acute or obtuse, smaller; heads
$"-(>" high, densely clustered; involucre
campanulate, its bracts oblong, ciliate or
pubescent, the outer with green reflexed tips;
pappus brown or white.
In dry woods, Maine to Florida, west to Ohio,
Kentucky and Alabama. July-Sept.
31. ASTER L. Sp. PI. 872. 1753.*
Perennial or rarely annual, mostly branching herbs, with alternate leaves, and corym-
bose or paniculate (rarely racemose or solitary) heads of both tubular and radiate flowers.
Involucre hemispheric, campanulate or turbinate, its bracts various, imbricated in several
series, the exterior ones usually smaller and shorter. Receptacle flat or convex, generally
foveolate. Ray-flowers white, pink, purple, blue, or violet, pistillate. Disk-flowers tubular,
perfect, their corollas 5-lobed, usually yellow and changing to ted, brown, or purple.
Anthers obtuse and entire at the base. Style-branches flattened, their appendages subulate,
lanceolate or ovate, acute. Pappus-bristles slender, numerous, scabrous or denticulate, usu-
ally in I series, sometimes in a series. Achenes mostly flattened and nerved. [Greek, star.]
A genus of not less than 250 species, most abundant in North America, where, in addition to-
the following, about 70 others occur beyond our limits. Known as Asters or Starworts.
A. Basal and lower leaves, or some of them, cordate and slender-petioled. (See No. 50.)
I . None of the stem-leaves cordate-clasping.
^f' Rays white, violet, or rose.
il Rays white, or rarely rose, usually 2-toothed; plants not glandular.
t Involucre ovoid, campanulate or turbinate, its bracts mostly obtuse or rounded; basal leaves few
and small, or commonly none (except in No. 5).
(a) Leaves membranous or thin, smootli, or nearly so.
Heads shrrt-peduncled, 9" broad or less, the disk turning crimson ; leaves acute or short-acuminate.
I. A. carmesinus.
Heads long-peduncled, 9" broad or more, the disk turning brown or reddish brown; leaves long-
acuminate.
Heads' <' broad or more; leaves of the branches large, long, lanceolate, acuminate.
i. A. lenebrosus.
Head^ 9"-t2" broad; leaves of the branches small, obtuse, or acute. 3. A. divaricatus.
^ Text '.n .oared with the assistance of Prof. Edward S. Burgess.
Genus 31.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
355
4. A. furcatui.
16.
I?.
18.
19.
21.
32
15. A. anotnalus.
A. Sliorlii.
A. azureus.
cordifolius.
l.ourieanus.
Lindleyanus.
Drummondii.
sagilli/oliiis.
(b) Leaves thick, firm, rough.
Heads 6"-8" hifh; inflorescence forkinfr-
Heads 4"-,s" high; inflorescence paniculate or glomerate.
Leaves acute, or shortacuniinate, pilose beneath; inflorescence glomerate. 5. A. glomeralus.
leaves long-acuminate, not pilose beneath; inflorescence open-paniculate. 6. A. Clayloni.
t t Involucre cylindric, its bracts tapering to an obtuse apex; basal leaves large, tufted.
Bracts of the involucre pale, scarious, usually without herbaceous tips. 7. .-), curvescens.
Bracts of the involucre broader, with herbaceous tips. 8. A. Schrtberi.
'i ^ Rays violet, usually j-toothed; plants glandular.
t Predominant glands large, capitate; leaves thick, coarse, heavy.
Sinus broad; glands chiefly confined to the inflorescence; plant usually harsh. 9. A. macrophyllus.
Sinus narrow: glands abundant on the leaves and stem; growing plant clammy. 10. A. roscidus.
t t Predominant glands minute, scarcely capitate; leaves usually thin.
(a) Inflorescence rather regular, flat, or convex-topped; plants usually less than a'/i" tall.
Sinus broad, shallow.
Broader leaves orbicular-cordate, their teeth and the inflorescence-leaves inconspicuous.
11. A. ianthinus.
Broader leaves reniform, sharply incised; some inflorescence-leaves conspicuous.
12. A. violaris.
Sinus rather deep and narrow; broader leaves ovate-cordate, sharply serrate. 13. A. mulliformis.
(b) Inflorescence very irregular, paniculate-corymbose; plants often 4°-;° high; broader leaves
large, cordate, acute. .14. A. nobilis.
-X- -X- Rays blue or purple; plant* not glandular.
• t Bractsof the involucre spreading or recurved; rays3o-.t5.
t t Bracts of the involucre appressed, or erect; rays 8-20.
(a) Leaves all entire, or nearly so, thick, or Arm,
Leaves nearly or quite glabrous above.
Leaves rough-puberulcnt on both sides, the upper bract-like.
(b) Leaves nearly all sharply serrate, thin.
Heads 2"-^' high, numerous; bracts obtuse or obtusish.
Leaves roujh: petioles not wing-margined; bracts appressed.
Leaves smooth, or nearly so; petioles, or some of them, wing-margined.
Heads 4"-5" high, u.sually few; bracts acute or acuminate.
Heads 3"-5" high, numerous; bracts acute or acuminate.
Stem densely and finely pubescent.
Stem glabrous or nearly so; bract-tips spreading.
2. Stem leaves, or some of them, cordate-clasping; plant rough ivhen dry.
23. A. undulalus.
B. No cordate and petioled leavei; those of the atem, or some of them, with more or less cordate or auticled
clasping bases.
I . Stem rough, or hirsute-pubescent,
'/c Leaves entire, oblong, linear, or lanceolate.
^ Heads i'-3' broad; leaves sessile, strongly cordate-clasping,
t Stem rough; leaves oblong to lanceolate; involucre turbinate.
Leaves thick, firm, very rough, oblong to oval. 24. A. patens.
Leaves thin, roughish, oblong-lanceolate. 2,5.
t t Stem hirsute; leaves lanceolate; involucre hemispheric. 26.
\ \ Heads Vi'-i' broad; leaves but slightly clasping.
Involucre hemispheric, its bracts glandular. 37.
Involucre turbinate, its bracts hispid. 28.
-X- 4: Leaves, at least the lower, serrate.
Stems usually pilose; bracts very glandular. 29.
Stem hispid-pubescent; bracts glabrous, or ciliate. 30,
2. Stem glabrous, or only sparingly pubescent above.
'X Leaves sharply serrate.
^ Leaves tapering to the base.
Outer bracts of the involucre foliaceous. 31. A. tardijlorus.
Bracts of the involucre narrow, not foliaceous.
Leaves lanceolate, to oblong-lanceolate, sessile. 30. A. puniceus.
Leaves oval to ovate, the lower often petioled. 32. A. patulus.
'i 'i Leaves abruptly contracted into margined petioles, often enlarged near the base.
33. A. prenanthoides.
i ^. i Leaves strongly cordate-clasping; bracts green-tipped. 34. A. laevis.
'X- -X Leaves entire, or very nearly so.
}, Involucre campanulate, its bracts appressed, green-tipped.
t Bracts of the involucre with rhomboid green tips.
Stem leaves oblong, lanceolate, or oval-lanceolate. 34. A. laevis.
Stem leaves elongated-lanceolate. ,35. A. concinnus.
t t Bracts of the involucre linear, the tips narrower, lanceolate; stem leaves linear or narrowly
lanceolate. 36. A. purpuratus.
(J 'i. Involucre hemispheric.
t Bracts of the involucre narrow, not foliaceous.
(a) Bracts in several series unequal.
Bracts linear-subulate; leaves narrowly linear.
Bracts lanceolate, linear, or spatulate; leaves lanceolate to linear.
Western dry soil plant, 1-2° tall; leaves I'-V long.
Eastern swamp plant, 2°-5° tall; leaves 2' -6 long.
(b) Bracts in only 1 or 2 series; leaves linear to lanceolate.
t t Bractsof the involucre green, foliaceous; western. 41. A./oliaceus'.
C. Leaves sessile, or petioled, not at all clasping, or scarcely so.
I . Leaves silky, silvery or canescent on both sides, entire.
Heads corymbose-paniculate; bracts oblong; achenes glabrous. 42. A. sericeus.
Heads in a narrow raceme; bract:> linear; achenes silky. 43. A. concolor.
A . phlogifolius.
A. Noi'ae-Angliat.
A.
A.
oblongi/olius.
amelhystinus.
A. major.
A. puniceus.
37. A.junceus.
A. adscendens.
A. Novi-Belgii.
40. A. longi/olius.
3S6
COMPOSITAE.
[Vol. 111.
A. FendUri..
45. A. grandiftotus.
46.
47.
A. s/>eclabilis.
A. surctilosHs.
A. gracilis.
Herveyi.
. turbinellus.
2. Leaves neither silky, silvery nor canesceni, often toothed.
^ Rayi normally purple, blue, pink, or violet ; not white,
J Leaves bristly ciliate, linear, rigid; western species. 44.
i, i Leaves not bristly-ciliatc.
t Tips of tiie involucral bracts stronsly squarrose.
Leaves linear to linear-oblong, rigid, obtuse, entire; heads a' oroad.
Leaves lanceolate to oblong, at least the lower dentate.
Involncre hemispheric, or nearly so; heads i' broad or more,
liracts of the involucre glandular.
Bracts of the involucre ciliate, or glabrous.
Involncre turbinate; heads 6"-9" broad.
t t Tips of the involucral bracts appressed, or erect (except in forms of No. jo).
( ) Bracts of the involucre coriaceous or herbaceous, oblong, lanceolate, or spatulate.
Bracts of the involucre coriaceous, obtuse.
Involucre hemispheric; leaves oblong, sharply serrate; stem smooth. 49. A. Radula.
Involucre turbinate.
Leaves ovate-oblong, the lower dentate; stem rough. 50. A.
Leaves linear-oblong, entire, ciliolate. 51. A.
Bracts of the involucre her&ceous, foliaceous, acute; leaves oblong, very rough.
52. A. Nebraskensis.
Bracts of the involucre rigid, lanceolate, large, acute; leaves linear. 53. A. paludosus.
(b) Bracts of the involucre linear-subulate, membranous, acute. 54. A. nemoralis,
^ ^ Rays mostly white or nearly so (often pink or purple in Noi. 55, 57, 58 and 59).
(! Heads corymbose, io"-20 broad.
Leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, sharply serrate; bracts linear-subulate. 55. A. aciiminatus.
Leaves linear, entire, or nearly so; bracts oblong, obtuse. 56. A. ptarmicoides.
i 'i Heads solitarjr at the ends of slender branchlets. 57. A. diimosus,
'i, 'i ^, Heads paniculate, or racemose, 4"-io" broad.
t Bracts of the involucre acute to obtusish; plants glabrous or pubescent.
(■) Heads paniculate, not in i-sided racemes.
Stem-leaves lanceolate, serrate or entire.
Heads S"-io" broad.
Plants glabrous, or sparingly pubescent above.
Leaves firm, roughish or rough; rays often bluish.
Leaves thin, smoothish: rays chiefly white.
Plant puberulent all over.
Heads 6" -8" broad; stem-leaves narrowly lanceolate.
Stem-leaves linear-lanceolate to subulate, mostly entire.
Heads scattered, 6"-g" broad; upper leaves linear.
Heads numerous, 4"-7" broad; upper leaves subulate.
Paniculately branched, bushy.
Simple, or with ascending slender branches; northern.
(b) Heads racemose and i -sided on the branches.
Stem-leaves oval, oblong, ot lanceolate, serrate, or chiefly so.
Stem pubescent or glabrate. 65. A. laterijtorus.
Stem villous; leaves narrowly lanceolate, thin. 60. A. hirsulicaulis.
Stem-leaves linear-lanceolate to linear, nearly entire; stem glabrate. 67. A. vimineus.
t t Bracts of the involucre, at least the outer; obtu.se; plants very rough.
Heads 3"-4" broad, very numerous, densely clustered. 68. A. multi/lorus.
Heads 6"-8" broad, rather loosely clustered; western. 69. A. incanopilosus.
D. Leaves fleshy, narrow, entire; plants of salt marshes or saline soil (No. 71 sometimes in non-saline
situations).
Perennial; heads 6"-l2" broad; involucral bracts lanceolate, acuminate. 70. A. tenuifolius.
Annuals; heads 3"-5" broad; involucral bracts linear-subulate.
Involucre campanulate; disk-flowers more numerous than the rays; rays about 2" long.
yi. A. exilis.
Involucre cylindraceous; disk-flowers fewer than the very short rays. 72. A. subulatus.
58.
61.
A. salici/olius.
A. paniculatus.
A. aTissotiriensis,
A. Tradescanti.
6a. A. Faxoni.
64.
A. ericoides.
A. Pringlei.
I. Aster carmeslnus
Burgess. Crimson-disk Aster. (Fig. 3735.)
Stems erect, delicate, closely tufted, i^-a" high,
glabrous, reddish brown, terete. Leaves all peti-
oled, glabrate, very thin, but firm and crisp, the
lower and basal ones oval, rounded, or with a small
deep and rounded sinus at the base, bluntly acute
or short-acuminate at the apex, crenate-serrate, the
upper ones sometimes ovate-lanceolate, the upper-
most short-elliptic; petioles slender, the uppermost
aometimes winged; inflorescence 5' broad, or less,
usually of about 5 convex glomerules, each often
of 10-15 short- pedunclcd heads, its branches spread-
^*1K> 3' long, or less; rays chiefly 6, white ; disk at first
golden yellow, finally deep purplish crimson; florets
broadly bell-shaped; outer bracts obtuse, ciliate,
pale, with a green tip; achenes glabrous.
On f haded rocks, near Yonkers, N. Y. Peculiar in
its denM giomerules subtended by large short-elliptic
leaves, ^ptember.
Genus 31.]
THISTLE FAMILY
a. Aster tenebrdsus Burgess.
Long-leaved Wood Aster. (Fig. 3736.)
Stems Bolitary or scattered, glabrate, striate,
about 3° high. Leaves very thin aud sniootb,
slender-petioled, broadly oblong, coarsely
toothed with remote acuminate teeth, abruptly
long-acuminate at the apex, the basal sinus
broad, rounded, shsllow, except in the lowest
ones; leaves of the inflorescence lanceolate,
subcntire, sessile, sometimes 4' long; inflores-
cence broadly corymbose, heads about \" high,
often \%' broad; rays usually 9-12; disk pale
yellow, becoming purplish brown, the florets
funnelform with a long slender tube; outer
bracts chiefly elongated-triangular, acute, green,
the others linear, obtusish, the green tip lance-
linear; achenes generally glabrous.
In moist dark woodlanr^s, New York to Virgnnin.
Peculiar in its large dark leaves with coarser teeth
than in the next species. Aug.-Sept.
3. Aster divaric&tus L. White
Wood Aster. (Fig. 3737.)
Aster divaricatus L. Sp. PI. 873. 1753.
Aster corymbosus Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 207. 1789.
Stems tufted, assurgent, flexuous, brittle,
terete, i%°-i° high, glabrate at maturity.
Leaves thin, snioothish, slender petioled,
ovate-lanceolate, closely dentate with sharp
teeth, or the small basal ones coarsely serrate,
acute to acuminate, the basal sinus moder-
ate; leaves of the inflorescence small, short,
ovate and acute to orbicular, subentire;
corymb broad, flattish, repeatedly forked,
the slender branches long, divergent; heads
9"-i2" broad; rays chiefly 6-9, linear,
white; disk turning brown; bracts of the in-
volucre broad, ciliate, the rounded tip with
an inconspicuous green spot.
In open woo<'.land8 and thickets, in rather dry
soil. Canada to Manitoba, Georgia and Tennessee.
Variable; rays rarely rose-purple. Sept.-Oct.
Alter divaiicitus cymuldsus Burgess.
Smaller, bearing a single dense corymb about 4' broad, or several smaller ones; the branches
short, suberect; acumination of the leaves, sinus, and teeth conspicuous; upper leaves much re-
duced; rays short, broad, chiefly 3"-4" long, sometimes laciniate. In grassy openings in woods,
often in dense patches, New England and New York to Virginia.
Aster divariclitus curtifdlius Burgess.
Stem erect, reddish, smooth, sometimes glaucous; ieavessniall, duUgreen, firm, ovate and orbicu-
lar to reniforra, the sinus broad, rounded, the apex obtuse or apiculate: inflorescence loose, flattish;
disks turning purple; rays about 5" long; green tips of the involucral bracts conspicuous. In
moist woods. New York to Virginia.
Aster divaiicitus deltoideus Burgess.
Delicate, i W high or less; lower '-eaves triangular, cordate with a broad sinus or subtruncate,
the apex incurved-acuminate; the teeth large, sharp; petioles often all filiform; veins directed for-
ward; heads n'sarly as in the preceding variety. In moist shaded places. New England to New
York, Virginia and Tennessee.
Alter divaiicitui penjilieiia Burgess.
Stems virgate, 2^° high, or less; leaves extremely thin, firm, chiefly lanceolate-acuminate, long
and narrow, the teeth very slender, salient or recurved, the lowest ovate with a small narrow sinus;
disk maroon. In deep shade. New England and New York to Virginia and Kentucky.
Alter divaricitui fontln&lii Burgess,
Plants solitary; basal leaves often numerous, tufted, thin, snioothish, sharply serrate or den-
tate, 6' long by 4M' broad, or smaller, broadly oval, acute, the base subcordate or rounded; inflor-
escence usually ample, the long virgate branches with numerous small oval-oblong leaves ; involucre
turbinate, its bracts with definite green tips. In springy places and grassy ditches in open sunny
situations. New England and New York to Virginia.
Alter viridis Nees, remarkable for its coarse rough basal leaves, and large oval rhomboid rameal
ones, occasional from New Yo'k and Pennsylvania to Virginia, may prove to be a hybrid between
the preceding ?.nd A. macrop„yllus L.
r
COMPOSITAE.
[Vot. III.
4. Aster furcdtus Burgess. Forking
Aster. (Fig. 3738.)
Stem leafy, i ^° high, or less, loosely forked above.
IvCaves hispid al>ovc, bispidulous beneath, firm, sa-
liently cut-toothed, the lower ovate, ihort-petioled,
with a small or shallow sinus, the upper sessile, with
broad laciniate winged bases, often 5'' long by a)i'
wide, the uppermost elliptic-oblong, often 3>j' long;
teeth long and low, sharp; heads few (5-20), slender-
peduuclcd; involucre turbinate to campanulate, with
a truncate or rounded base; rays 3-toothed; disk
turning brown, the florets funnclform with rather
broad lobes; pappus long, straight; achenes pubes-
cent, subangular, not constricted at the summit.
In woods, eapecially on xhuded cliffs, Illinois and
Missouri. .\ugr.-()ct.
5. Aster glomerMus (Nees) Bernh.
Bernhardi's Aster. (Fig. 3739.)
Asler gli>mei-a!us Bernh. in Nees, Ast. 139. 1832.
Eurybia glomerala Nees, (len. & Sp. Ast. 139.
1 83 J.
Loosely clustered, dull green. Leaves not
large, mostly short-pilose beneath, thickish,
rough above; basal leaves present, these and the
lower stem-leaves cordate with a deep narrow
sinus, the teeth sharp, rather close and small;
petioles slender, ciliatc; upper leaves much
smaller, ovate, truncate with a short broadly
winged base, or the uppermost ovate to lanceo-
late, sessile, entire; inflorescence compact, of
many glomerate clusters, round-topped; heads
about 4" high; bracts pubescent, obtuse, green,
the inner twice as long as the outer; rays about
6, cream-white, short, soon deciduous; disk
turning brown.
In moist thickets or swamps, especially in ravines
New York and Pennsylvania. July.
6. Aster Cl&ytoni Burgess. Clayton's
Aster. (Fig. 3740.)
Similar to A. divaricattts, stems red, tough.
Leaves chiefly ovate-lanceolate, not large, rough,
thick, slender- petioled, coarsely serrate, pale, or
dull, the apex incurved-acuminate, the upper
spreading or deflexed, sessile by a broad base,
lanceolate- triangular, serrulate; inflorescence
high, with pcrcurrent axis, the long suberect
branches each bearing a small umbelliform clus-
ter of heads; peduncles filiform, as long as the
heads, 3"-4'''long; bracts pale; rays short, nar-
row, chiefly 6, snow-white; disks at first golden-
yellow, finally sienna-brown; florets about ao,
achenes densely short-hairy.
In sunny or sliifht'.y shaded rocky places, New
York to the mountains of Virginia. Sept.
Aster CliytOEi crispicans Burgess.
Basal leaves often not cordate, deeply incised;
those of the stem long-acuminate or even caudate;
sharply serrate with large acute close teeth, some of
which are suberect; chief bracts of the involucre
acute. On rocky banks, solitary or in small clusters,
Maine to New York and New Jersey.
OBNUS31.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
359
7. Aster curviscens Burgess.
Dome-topped Aster. (Fig. 3741.)
Dark green, chiefly glabrous; rooUtocka often
10' long; 8teni pale green, striate, delicate, i^°-a°
high. Basal leaves tufted, conspicuous, these and
the lowest stem leaves with a broad shallow sinus ta-
peling into a petiole 1-3 times as long as the blade,
abruptly incurved-acuminate; middle leaves ovate,
short-petiolcd, rounded at the base, the upper
lanceolate, slenderly acuminate, often falcate;
leaves firm, snioothish; the teeth broad, curved;
inflorescence small, convex, 3'-5' broad, its short
filiform naked branches widely ascending; heads
4"-5" high; lower bracts short, obtuse, the others
longer, nearly uniform, acarious, shining, linear,
often acute, usually glabrous; rays about 8, cream-
white, about ^" long; disk becoming purple-brown;
pappus early reddening; achenes slender, glabrous.
In loose moist shaded soil. New England and New
York to Virginia. Aug.-Sept.
Aster curviscens umbelUfdrmis Burgess.
Stem very smooth, deep red, robust, straight, some-
times y.i° tall; leaves apple-green, .smooth when dry,
sparingly toothed; inflorescence symmetrically umbelliform, decompound; sinus of the lower
leaves rather deep and narrow. In grassy woods and thickets, Connecticut and to Virginia.
Aster cunrescens ovlfdrmiu Burgess.
Stem about 2!^° high, leafy; leaves dull green, not acuminate, very thin but rough, ovate, cor-
date with a deep narrow sinus, 8' long by 4K' wide, or smaller; some of the bracts broader and
green-tipped; inflorescence smaller and less branched. Range of the preceding.
8.
Aster Schr6beri Nees. Schreber's
Asler. (Fig. 3742.)
Aster Schteberi Nees, Syn. Ast. 16. 1818.
Stem stout, 2°-3° high, with long internodes.
Basal leaves often in extensive colonies, thin, dull
green, firm, rough above, with scattered slender ap*
pressed bristles, pubescent beneath on the veins,
reuiform -cordate or cordate-triangular, often 7' long
by 5' wide, the basal sinus when well developed rect-
angular, 2' across and 1' deep; upper leaves ovate-
oblong to lanceolate, with a short broad basal wing,
or sessile; petioles of the lower leaves long, conspic-
uously ciliate when young; inflorescence decom-
pound, flatfish, or irregularly convex, S'-ii' broad;
heads about s" high ; bracts greenish, mostly obtuse,
ribs and midrib dark green, oiliate; rays usually la
In borders of woods, and along fence rows in partial
shade, New York to Michigan and Virginia. July-Aug.
9. Aster macroph^Uus L. Large-
leaved Aster. (Fig. 3743.)
Aster macrophyllus L. Sp. PI. Ed. 2, 1232. 1763.
Rough; rootstocks long, thick; stem reddish,
angular, 2°-3'^ high. Basal leaves forming large
colonies, 3 or 4 to each stem, broad, cordate with
a large irregular sinus, rough above, harsh, thick,
the teeth broad, curved, pointed, the petioles
long, narrow; upper stem leaves oblong with
short broadly winged petioles, the uppermost
sessile, acute; inflorescence strigose and glandu-
lar, broadly corymbose, irregular; heads 5' '-6"
high; peduncles rigid, thickish; rays about 16,
S"-l" long, chiefly lavender, sometimes violet,
rarely pale; bracts conspicuously green-tipped,
the lower acute, the inner oblong, obtuse; disk
turning reddish brown; florets short-lobed.
In moderately dry soil, in shaded places, Canada
to Minnesota and North Carolina. Aug.
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COMPOSITAE.
[Voi,. in.
Aster maciophyllus veliitinus Burffcss,
Smaller; leaves small, ovate-triaiiKular, slender petioled, often truncate at the base, about 2'i'
long by 2' wide, sometimes none of tliem cordate; glands fewer; pubescence subpilose or velvety;
bracts broad, flat, green; rays violet or blue. In grassy woods and thickets, especially in mountain-
ous regions, JIaine to Minnesota and West Virginia. Ascends to 2400 ft. in the Adirondacks.
Aster macrophyllus sejiinctus Burgess.
Strigosepubescent; glands numerous; leaves apple-green above, pale beneath, chiefly cordate-
orbicular, abruptly short-acuminate, thick, spongy, commonly minutely wrinkled; basal leaves fam-;
bracts narrow, obtuse; peduncles slender; inflorescence dense, convex, 4'-8' broad, not leafy; rays
lilac. In open grassy places, Maine to Peinisylvania and Wisconsin.
Aster macrophyllus apricensis liurgess.
Glabrate, branched from near the base, the branches numerous, often 18' high; heads small,
numerous; rays short, pinkish lavender; le.."es broad, oval to ovate, the .teeth and sinus little de-
veloped; petioles often expanded into a long wing, sometimes ,V long and !.' wide; uppernio.st
leaves short-oblong with a narrowed sessile base. In clearings and open gravelly or sandy places.
New York and Pennsylvania.
Aster macrophyllus bifoimis Burgess.
Small, stocky, with 3 or 4 small oval closely crenate spongy-thicken 'd lower leaves with long
slender petioles, the sinus deep, narrow, the teeth triangular to .semicircu ar; stemleaves crowded,
much reduced, subentire, ovate-oblong, subsessile; inflorescence nearly naked, dense, convex,
usually 4' broad; strigose pubescence little developed; rays lilac. In open grassy sunny situations.
forming small patches, Maine to Ontario and Lake Erie.
Aster macrophyllus pinguifolius Burgess.
Stems .stout, leafy, glabrous, about ■2'^ high; basal and lower leaves large, forming extensive
patches, deep green above, very jiale beneath, many of them appearing greasy, some roughening
in drying; petioles fleshy, sometimes 9' long: inflorescence broad, flat-topped; heads large: rays
lavender to almost white; only the upper leaves sessile. Borders of woods, Connecticut and I.ong
Island to Minnesota.
Aster macrophyllus excelsior Burgess.
Stem robust, glabrous, often 4° tall, purple, or glaucous; leaves mostly very smooth, pale, nu-
merous, narrower, cordate-oblong to ovate-lanceolate, chiefly sessile; rays deep lilac to violet.
Along paths and borders of rocky woods, Ontario and western New York to Micliigan.
10. Aster roscidus Burgess.
Dewy-leaf Aster. (Fig. 3744.)
Clammy-hairy, odorous, copiously glandular
when young, somewhat so at maturity; stem 3°
high, or less. Basal leaves in close colonies,
coriaceous, the earlier ones cordate-ijuadrate,
low-serrate, the sinus deep, narrow, the later,
or winter leaves elliptic, long-petiolcd, often
prostrate, often 5' long; stem leaves chiefly or-
bicular and not cordate, with short broadly
winged petioles, rarely slender-pet'oled; inflor-
escence convex, sometimes irregular; involucre
hemispheric, its bracts chiefly with rounded
ciliatc tips, rays 14-16, broad, clear violet; disks
at first golden yellow, soon turning red; pappus
long, white, copious.
In slight shade and rich cleared woodlands,
Maine to Pennsylvania and Michigan. Aug. -Sept.
II. Aster ianthinus Burgess. Violet
Wood Aster. (Fig. 3745.)
Glandular, dark green, slightly strigosc-pubes-
ceni. Stem erect, or decumbent, 2°-3° tall; leaves
thinnisb, rough, the lower and basal ones orbicular
to oblong, 5' long, or less, abruptly acuminate, low-
serrate or crenate; the sinus broad, open, shallow,
upper leaves sessile by a narrowed base, crenate-
scrrate; inflorescence open, nearly naked, pedun-
cles slender, divergent; beads large; rays 10-13,
long, very deep violet or sometimes pale, 4"-6"
long; bracts green-tipped, little pubescent.
On shaded banks and along woodland paths, Maine
to Lake Erie and West Virginia. July-Oct.
Gents 31.]
THISTLE FAMILY
^
\
' }
12. Aster violaris Burgess. Violet-leaf
Aster. (Fig. 3746.)
Cauilex thick, fleshy; plant glabrate, bluish green,
minutely glandular. Stem slender, erect, or as-
surgent, 2° high, or less; basal and lower leaves
broadly reniforni, abruptly acuminate or apiculate,
often }>' long by 4' wide, their slender petioles 6'-
S' long, the sinus very broad and shallow; ijiiddle
stem leaves similar, not cordate; the upper numer-
ous, long-elliptic, chiefly with narrowed bases, all
thin, firm, rough above; inflorescence leafy, small,
loose, rather narrow and high, paniculate-corym-
bose, nearly level-topped, its slender branches with
nearly opposite, oblong leaves; heads 6" high, or
more; rays 12-15, pale violet, narrow.
In shaded moist places, sometimes in leaf-mold
iimonp rocks. New York from the Hudson to Lake Ivrie.
Sept.-Oct.
13. Aster multiformis Burgess.
Various-leaved Aster. (Fig. 3747.)
Deep green, minutely glandular. Stem
erect, slender, i°-2° high, angular-striate in
drying. Basal leaves usually 2, large, thick,
cordate-oblong, often accompanied by later
smaller oblong ones; stem leaves very thin,
sharply serrate, rough above, minutely puber-
ulent beneath, the lower, ovate, acuminate,
usually with a narrow sinus, the upper oval
to ovate-lanceolate, petioled, the uppermost
elliptic-lanceolate, serrulate, sessile or nearly
so; inflorescence small, its branches upwardly
curved; heads about 7" high, rays about 13,
rounded and refuse at the apex; bracts green,
glands few, almost hidden by the minutely
strigose pubescence of the peduncles.
In moist shaded places, Maine to western New-
York, Pennsylvania and Maryland. July-Aug.
14. Aster nobilis Burgess. Stately
Aster. (Fig. 3748.)
Tall, minutely glandular above, stem shining,
bright green, 4°-5° high. Leaves thin, but
firm, smooth in growth, roughened in drying,
minutely puberulcnt beneath, dark green, basal
and lower leaves large, the blade often 9' long
by 6' wide, about as long as the stput petiole,
sharply toothed, the sinus deep, broad, or the
lobes overlapping; stem leaves similar, the up-
per oblong-lanceolate, sessile; inflorescence ir-
regularly cymose-paniculate, with small subu-
late recurved leaves; bracts long, acute, green;
heads 6" high, or less; rays 13-15, violet-blue or
pale violet; disk- flowers not numerous, their
corollas funnelform with a long capillary tube.
In leaf-mold. Lake Champlain to Lake Erie.
Aug.
v\
< '
li'll
;62
COMPOSITAr,
[Vor,. III.
i6. Aster Shortii Hook.
AsterShorlii Hook. I-'l. lior. Am. 2: 9. i8,U-
Stem roughish or smooth, slender, panicu-
lately branched above, 2°-4° high. I,eavcs
thick, glabrous or nearly so above, finely
and sparingly pubescent l)eneath, the lower
and basal ones ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
cordate at the base, acute or acuminate at
the apex, slightly dentate, or entire, 2'-6'
long, i'-2' wide, borne on slender naked
petioles; upper leaves lanceolate, entire, ses-
sile or short-petiolcd, not cordate, those of
the branches small and bract-like; heads
numerous, $"--" high; involucre broadly
carapanulate, its bracts linear, aoite, puberu-
lent, imbricated in several series, their green
tips appressed; rays 10-15, linear, violet-blue,
5"-6" long; pappus tawny.
On banks and alonj; cdpfs of wnods, western
Pennsylvania to Virginia and ('■(iorifia, west to
Illinois and Tennessee. .Sept. -Oct.
15. Aster anomalus Ivngelni.
Many-rayed Aster. (Fig. 3749.)
Aster oiiomn/ns Ungelni. ; T. vS: O. I'l. X. A. 2:
503. 1843.
Stem rough, rather stout, branched above,
l°-3°high. I.eavesthin, the lower and basal
ones deeply cordate, ovate, or ovate-lanceo-
late, entire or slightly repand, rough-pubes-
cent on both surfaces, acute or acuminate at
the apex, 3'-4' long, I '-2' wide, on slender
nake<l petioles; upper leaves shortpetioled
or sessile, lanceolate, oblong, or linear, much
smaller; heads few, .\"-6" high, I2"-I5"
broad; receptacle hemispheric, its bracts
lanceolate, acute, or acuminate, hirsute, im-
bricated in several scries, their foliaceous
tips spreading or reflcxed; rays 30- 43, 5"-6"
long, bright violet-blue; pappus whitish.
On limustone clilTs, Illinois to Missouri and
Arkansas. Sei)t.
Short'. s Aster.
17. Aster azureus Lindl. Sky-blue
Aster. (Fig. 3751.)
Asler azureus I.indl.; Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i:
<)8. 1S33.
Stem slender, stiff, rough, branched above,
i°-4° high. Leaves thick, usually all entire,
scabrous on both sides, the lower and basal ones
cordate, ovate, ovatc-lanccolate, or lanceolate,
acute, acuminate, or obtusish, 2'-6' long, with
slender naked often pubescent petioles; upper
leaves short-petiolcd or sessile, lanceolate or
linear, those of the branches reduced to small
appressed bracts; heads numerous, .^"-5" high;
involucre turbinate, its bracts glabrous, linear-
oblong, abruptly acute, imbricated in several
series, their green tips appressed; rays 10-20,
bright blue, 3"-4''' long; pappus tawny.
On prairies ami alontf borders of woods, western
New York to Georifia, west to Minnesota, Missouri
and Texas. Aug.-Oct.
<".i:Nfs ,u.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
363
•higb;
18. Aster cordifolius L. Common
Blue Wood Aster. (Fig. 3752.) '
Asler (Oiililoliiis \^. Sp. PI. 875. 175,3.
.Stem glabrous or nearly so, much
braaclicd, bushy, i°-s° high. Leaves
thill, rough, more or less pubescent with
scattered hairs above and on the veins
beneath, sharply serrate, acuminate, the
lower and basal ones slendcr-petioled,
broadly ovate-cordate, 2'-$' long, the
upper short-petioled or sessile, ovate or
lanceolate, smaller; petioles scarcely mar-
gined; heads very numerous, small, i"-y,"
high, ii"-9" broad, handsome; involucre
turbinate to cylindric, its bracts oblong-
linear, obtuse or obtusish, green-tipped,
apprcssed; rays 10-20, :-,"-\" long, violet
or blue, sometimes pale (rarely white);
jiappus whitish.
Woods and tliicktls. New Druiiswick to
Jlinuisdla, ("■torgia and Mi.ssouri. Sept.-
Deo.
Aster cordifolius Furbishiae FernaUl, Proc. Portland Soc. Nat. Hist. 2: 129. 1897.
Siiniliir; stem and petioles densely villous, the leaves somewhat so beneath. Northern Maine.
Aster cordifolius polycephalus Porter, Bull. Torn Club, 21: 120. iSo).
Moil- robust and nuire branched than the type; leaves smaller, often rou^h only when dry, the
upper ones sussile, oviUe; panicle large; heads usually smaller, very numerous; rays deep blue, or
jjaler. Massachusetts and eastern Pennsylvania to Virginia.
Aster cordifoUus alvearius Hurgess.
Leaves lliin, usually smoothish, cordate, trianuular-lanciolate, or broader; inflorescence dense,
Ihyrsoid. not leafy, in form resend)linff that of the lilac: bracts Hnear, acute; heads mediun\ sized;
rays blue. On sliaded banks, Massachusetts to North Carolina and Tennessee.
Aster cordifohus pedicellatus liurgess.
Stem leafy, often 4" high; leaves thin, the lower ovate, cordate, the upper ovate-lanceolate, or
those of the liranches elliptic and subentire; inflorescence looselj- pyramidal, often 2 ' high and \\:'^
broad, its ultimate branchlets long and often naked; heads large, 9" broad, or nicjre, often 5" high;
rays chiefly purple blue; bracts obtuse. In moist wood borders, Ontario to \'iiginia and Kiiitucky.
19. Aster Lowrieanus Porter.
Lowrie'.s Aster. (Fig. 3753.)
As/er cofdi/oliiis var, lari'iffa/iis Porter, Bull.
Torr. Club, 16:67, '^^9- -^'o' -''• laeviga/iis
Lam, 178,^.
As/i'r Lourieaiius Vovicr, Bull. Torr. Club, 21:
121. 1894.
Glabrous, or very nearly so throughout;
stem branched, I "-4'^ high. Leaves thickish,
firm, a little succulent, the basal sleuder-peti-
okd. ovate to ovate-lanceolate, cordate, acute
or obtusish, serrate, 2'-6' long, those of the
stem ovate to oblong, often cordate, con-
tracted into winged petioles, the uppermost
lanceolate; heads usually not very numer-
ous, 2lj'''-3" high, loosely paniclcd; involu-
cre turbinate, its bracts obtuse or obtusish,
apprcssed; rays light blue, 3"-4'' long, 'nit
variable in length.
In woods, Comiecticut .lud southern New
York to Pennsylvania, Ohio, Virginia and Ken-
tucky. .Sept. -Oct.
Aster Lowrieanus lancifolius Porter, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 325. 1S94,
A.trordiY-'liii.s var. lanceolalus Porter. Bull. Torr. Club,i6:68, 1889. Not^. lanceolalitsWMA. 1S04.
Leaves U\uceolate, apprcssed serrate, only the basal ones cordate. Southern New York and
Peunsvlvauia. , , „
Aster Lowrieanus BickneUii Porter, Mem. Torr. Lluh, 5; 32,^. i8'i4.
Aslcr lordi/olins var. tncisiis Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, 19: 224. 1S92. Not ,1. nuisiis Fisch. 1S12.
Leaves all lanceolate, all sharply serrate, or the lowest incised, usually none of them .-ordate.
.Southern New York and Pennsylvania.
364
COJiroSITAK.
[Vol.. HI.
Tall,
20. Aster Lindleyanus T. iS: Ci. I.iiuUey's Aster. (Fig. 3754.)
.\^li-i LiiidliyiDiiis T. S: C. I''l. N. .\. 2: uj. jS.|i.
Slciii iisually stout, glabrous, or sparii\).;ly
pubescent, l^-.sU" liij;li, branchcil above.
Leaves rather thick, jjlabrous, or slightly pul)us-
cent, especially on the veins, tlie lower and
basal ones cordate at the base, shar])ly serrate,
ovate, acute or acuminate, J'-.|' long, with
slender naked petioles; upper leaves ovate,
ovatedanceolate, or lanceolate, less serrate, or
entire, sessile, or with margined ]ictioles. those
of the branches lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
smaller; heads usually not numerous, 4" 5"
high; involucre broadly turbinate or nearly
hemispheric, its bracts linear-lanceolate, acute,
rather loosely imbricated, glabrous, or nearly
so, their tips green; rays i(i-2ci, blue or violet,
.i"-5" long; pappus nearly white.
In open places, I.ahradcir tn tlie Nurtlnvc^t Tuiri
tory and Uritisli Columbia, -outli lev Maine and
MicUijran. .VuK. -net.
Aster Lindleyamis eximiiis HiirKcss.
sonutinics ;■' liigli; Uaves thick, usually rougli and striKusc pid)csceiit above, almost
glabrous beneath; inflorescence widely branched, loosely paniculate, ol'lrn over 2' lontj; rays bluish
purple; heads nearly 1' broad; bracts linear, abruptly acute. New Hampshire toOliioaml Virginia.
21. Aster Drummondii Liiull. Druin-
moiul'.s A.ster. (Fig. 3755. )
Asirr Di Kintiioiitlii Lindl. in Mock. Comp. Hot. Mag.
1:97. 18.VS.
Stem usually stout, finely and densely canes-
ceut, branched above, 2''-5'^ high. Leaves mostly
thin, ovate or ovavc-lanceolatc, acuminate, rougli
above, canescent beneath, the lower and basal
ones cordate, witli slender naked petioles, sharply
toothed, 2'-4' long, the upper cordate or rounded
at the base, usually on margined petioles, those of
the branches sessile and entire or nearly .so, much
smaller; heads ?,"-.\" high, rather numerous on
the racemose branches; involucre turbinate, its
bracts linear, slightly pubescent, acute or acutni-
nate, their green tips appressed; rays 8-1.=;, blue,
2)"-A" lo"g; pappus whitish.
In dry soil, borders of woods and on prairies, t)hio
to Jlinnesota, Arkansas and Te.\as. .Sept. -Oct.
22. Aster sagittifolius Willd. .Xnow-
leaved Aster. (F'ig. 3756.)
Aslei sdf^i/tini/iiis Willd. .Sp. I'l. 3; 2o;5. lSo.(.
Stem stout, or slender, strict, glabrous, or
sparingly pubescent above, 2°-5° high, panicu-
lately branched at the inllorescence, the branches
ascending. Leaves thin, slightly roughened,
or glabrous above, usually glabrate beneath,
the lower and basal ones cordate or sagittate,
ovate- la olate, sharply serrate, acuminate, ;'-
6' long, with slender naked or narrowly margined
pctiol-js; up*-- leaves lanceolate, s.'-sile, or on
short and usually margined petioles, serrate or
entire, those of the branches very small; heads
2^2"-4" high,S''-i<i" broad,nun)erous,crowded,
racemose; involucre turbinate, its bracts linear-
subulate, ;,dabrous or nearly so, their tijis green
and slightly spreading; rays 10-15, light blue or
purplish, ,',"-4" long; pappus whitish.
In dry soil, New Bnuiswick to North Dakota, New Jersey, Kentucky and Missouri. Aug.-( »ct.
I
ifil
VtKnts 31.]
TIII.STLK FAMILY.
365
Aster sagittifolius dissitiflorus BtirKess.
nilfiis from tlif typical roriii of tin- spei-ies in its l)ro;uU'r looser pynmiidal innortscenci-, the
soiiu what laiKtr ami loiiKir peduncled heads, the leaves less serrate, ol'teii mine cordate. New
York to I'lorida, Mississippi and Oklalioina.
Aster sagittifolius urophyllus ( I.indl. ) Burgess.
.I.Wrr iiiv/i/iji/lis I.illdl.; DC. I'rodr. 5: 23;,. iS;,6.
Leaves pilose bencatli during growth, persistently so on the veins, roilffh ahove, lanceolate, acu-
niinat( , the lower, or all of them, cordate; stem often ,=; ' tall, the narrow inllorescence sometimes v'
lonn; lu ads aliont ,i" hiRli; rays white, t'.rassy thickets and river-banks. New York to Minnesota.
23. Aster undulatus L. Wavy-leaf Aster
Aslri iiiuiiilatus I,. .Sp. IM. .S75. 1753.
Stem stiff, very roiij;li and pubescent,
divaricately branched above, i°-3'.° liiKli-
Leaves usually thick, rough on both sides,
pubescent beneath, dentate, undulate or en-
tire, acute or acuminate, the lowest and basal
oues ovate, cordate, 2'-^' long, with naked
or margined petioles; middle ones ovate,
lanceolate or oblong, with margined petioles
dilated and clasping at the base, the upper
sessile or clasping, those of the branches
small and subulate; heads numerous, race-
mose and often secuiid on the spreading
branches, about 4" high, .S"-i()" broad; in-
volucre broadly turbinate, its bracts linear-
oblong, pubescent, acute or acutish, their
green tips appressed; rays 8-15, pale blue to
violet, 3"-5" long; pappus whitish.
In dry soil. New lirunswick and Ontario, south
to I'"lorida, Alab.inia and .Xrkansas
.Small Fleabane and
Sept. Oct.
Aster undulatus abruptifolius liurgess.
Tall 3 -,s high; leaves rouRlier, chiefly short-ovate, sessile, entire and about 2' lonp, i '
inflorescence pyramidal; he.ids much darker, more crowded. New Ungland to Virginia.
Aster undulatus lorifoimis liurgess.
Predominant leaves greatly elongated, linear-oblong to linear-lanceolate, often 6' long, with the
clasping base narrowed or broadened, only a few of the lower on»s contracted into winged petioles;
plant little pubescent at tn.aturity. Kastern Massachusetts to V;.ginia and Pennsylvania.
^ ^ Aster undulatus torquatus liurgess.
Leafy, S'-i4' high, dark green, short-downy; leaves small, very short and broad, close together,
entire, their b.ases clasping the stem as a succession of collars often )i' in diameter; lowest leaves
petioled; inflorescence much branched, paniculate. Martha's Vineyard, Mass., to Long Island.
Aster undulatus triangularis liurgess.
Tall, leafy, 3°-7'^ high, pale; pubescence slight; leaves hispid above, ovate-triangular, acumi-
nate, chiefly 2' -3' long, ",' broad and sessile. New Y'ork to South Carolina.
Called also
Various-leaved Aster.
broad ;
Aster patens Ait.
lyate Purple Aster. (Fig. 3758.)
Asler paleiis Ait. Hort. Kew. 3- 201. 1789.
Stem slender, rough, i°-3° high, diver-
gently branched. Leaves oyatc-oblong to
obloug-laiiceolate, rough or pubescent,
thick and somewhat rigid, strongly cor-
date or auriculate-clasping at the broad
base, entire, acute, or the lowest obtuse,
I '-3' long, those of the branches much
smaller and bractlike, the margins rough-
ciliate; heads 1' broad or more, solitary at
the ends of the branches; involucre broadly
turbinate, its bracts linear-oblong, finely
pubescent or scabrous and somewhat glan-
dular, imbricated in several series, their
green acute tips spreading; rays 20-30,
purplish-bli'C, or deep violet, ^"-6" long;
pappus tawny; achenes pubescent.
In d'.y, open places, Massachusetts to north-
ern New York and Minnesota,south to Florida,
I,oui( iana and Texas. Reported from Canada.
Known also as Purple Daisy. Aug. -Oct.
\^
COMPOSITAE.
[Vol.. 111.
25. Aster phlogifolius Muhl. Thin-
leaved Purple Aster. (l*"ig. 3759.)
.•(. />lili',iiif\>liiis Mulil.: WilUl. .Sp. I'l. 3: jc'it l>oi.
Aslcr f>aliiis var. f>lil(>i;i/i>liiii Nci-s, Gin, & Sp.
A St. .(ij. l>i,^2.
Siinilnr to tlie preceding species, usually t.-iller.
Leaves laiger, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate,
entire, thin or nicnibratious, acuminate at the
apex, strongly auriculate-clasping at the base,
roughish iibove, pubescent beneath, usually
narrowed below the middle, .sometimes (>' long;
heads usually nnmcrous, i''-2' broad, panicled,
or somewhat racemose on the branches; bracts
of the involucre lanceolate, glabrate, rather
loose, with herbaceous tips; rays numerous,
purple-blue.
In wockIs and thickets, New York to Oliii
Carolina and Tennessee. Aug. Sept.
X.iilh
26. Aster Novae-Angliae L. New
Kngland Aster. (Fig. 3760.)
AslerXi>vae-A>ii;Haf I,. Sp. PI. 875. 175,^,
A. rose II. s Desf. Cat. lldrt. I'aris, Ivd' ,i, 401.' 1S12.
Stem stout, hispid pubcsceut, corymbosely
branched above, 2°-.S° high, very leafy.
Leaves lanceolate, entire, rather thin, acute,
pubescent, 2'-5Mong, 6"-i2" wide, clasping
the stem by an auriculate or broadly cordate
base; heads numerous, i'-2' broad, clustered
at the ends of the branches; involucre hemis-
pheric, its bracts linear-subidate, somewhat
unequal, green, spreading, pubescent and
more or less glandular, viscid; rays 40-50,
linear, 5"-S" long, violet-purple, rarely pink
or red, or white; aclienes pubescent; pappus
reddish-white.
In fields and along swamps, Quebec to the
Northwest Territory, south to South Carolina.
Missouri, Kansas and Colorado. One of the must
beautiful of the gtiuis. .\ug.-Oct.
27. Aster oblongifolius Xutt. Aro-
matic Aster. (Fig. 3761.)
Aslcr ubli>iif^i/oli IIS N'utt. Gen. 2: I,s6 iSiS.
Asler obloiigi/'oliiis var. n'i;ittiitiis A. Gray, Syn.
Kl. I. I'art'2, 179, 18S4.
Stem much branched, hirsute-pubescent,
I°-2/4° high, the branches divaricate or as-
cending. Leaves crowded, oblong, or oblong-
lanceolate, sessile by a broad, partly clasping
base, usually rigid, entire, acute or inucronu-
late at the apex, rough or hispidulous on both
sides, rough-margined, those of the -stem i '-2'
long, 2'''-4'''' wide, those of the branches gradu-
ally smaller; heads corymbose, nearly i'
broad; involucre hemispheric, its bracts much
imbricated, glandular, aromatic, linear or lin-
ear-oblong, the acute green tips spreaditig; rays
20-30, violet-purple, rarely rose-pink, 2>"-5"
long; pappus light brown; achencs cauesceut.
On prairies and bluffs, central Pennsylvania to
Minnesota and Nebraska, south to Virginia. Ten-
nessee and Texas. Plant odorous. Aug.-Oct.
Gl'UNlS 31.]
TIIISTLK FAMILY.
3^>7
I
28. Aster amethystinus Xutt.
Amethyst Aster. (Fi^- 3762.)
Astir ainiilivslhuis Null. Trans. Am. I'liil. Soc. (II i 7:
294. i8.|i'.
Resciiililes the preceding species, but is often
taller, sometimes 5 liigli. Leaves often crowded,
linear-lanceolate, entire, rongli or liispidnlous on
l)otli sides, partly clasping at the .sessile base, acute
at the apex, those of the stent \'-i' long, 2"-;/'
wide; heads rather numerous, racemose or corym-
bose, '/i'- i' broad; involucre broadly turbinate, its
bracts much imbricated, linear, liispid, not gl.'Uidu-
lar, the acutish green tips spreading; rays 2t>-y\
blue-p\irple, about 3" long; pappus brown; achenes
canescent.
In moist soil, Massaclnisitts to southern New Vurk,
eastern Pennsylvania, Illinois and luwa. .Sept. -Oct.
>\'.
29. Aster major (Hook.) Porter. Great
Xortherii Aster. (Fig. 3763.)
As/cr Ciialascliensis var. major Hook. I'l. Hor. .\m.
,2:7. iS.Vl.
Aslcr Diinicstus I, null.; Hook. Uic. cit. '^. iSj).
Ashr majus Porter, Mem. Turr. Club. 5: 325. 1S94.
Stem stout, leafy to the summit, usually densely
pilose-pubescent with many-celled hairs, rarely
glabrate, branched above, 4°-6 ' high. Leaves
membranous, lanceolate, partly clasping by .1
narrowed base, acuminate at the apex, sharply
serrate with low distant teeth, dark green and
slightly pubescent above, villous-pubescent on the
veins beneath, 3'-5' long, 5'
wide; heads
mostly solitary at the ends of short branches, ly^'
brop.d; involucre hemispheric, its bracts little im-
bricated, green, linear-subulate, densely glan-
dular; rays 35-4.=!, purple, 5" 7" long; .achenes
appressed-pubescent; pappus tawnj-.
In moist soil, wistcrn Ontario to Dakota, Oregon and liritish Columbia. Sept. -Oct.
30. Aster puniceus I^. Red-stalk or
Ptirple-stem Aster. (Fig. 3764.)
Asler piiiiiiciis I,. Sp. PI. S;5. 17,53.
Stem usually stout, reddish, corymbosely or
raceniosely branched above, hispid with rigid
hairs, 3°-!^' high. Leaves lanceolate to obloug-
lauceolate, acuminate, sessile and clasping by a
broad or narrowed base, sharply serrate, or some
of them entire, usually very rough above, pubes-
cent on the midrib beneath, 3'-6'long, ji'-i^i'
wide; heads generally numerous, I'-l^j' broad;
involucre nearly hemispheric, its bracts linear
or oblong, attenuate, imbricated in about 2 series,
glabrous or ciliate, green, loose, spreading,
nearly c(iual, sometimes broadened; rays 20-
40, violet-purple or pale, 5"-7" long, showy;
pappus nearly white; achenes pubescent.
In swamps, Nova Scotia to western ( lutario and
Minnesota, soutli to North Carolina, ( )liio and
Jlichigan Called .ilso Early Purple Aster, Swan-
weed, Cocasli, Meadow Scabish. July-Nov.
Aster puniceus firtnus (Nees) T. iS: <
As/er /irmtis Nees, Syn. Ast. 25. 1S18.
Asler piiniciiis \Ar. laevicaiilis A. Gray, Syn. 1-"1. i: Part 2, ig,";. 1884.
Stem sparingly liispid, or glabrous, 2^-5° high; leaves sharply serrate. With the type.
f
368
COM POSIT A K.
[Vol.. III.
Aster puniceiis lucidulus A. Ciiay, Syii. I'l. i: I'ait j, ii)> 1SS4,
.Is/i-r/iiiiiliii Wiuihr. I'Uini. 12: I'ait 1, ICrj?!)!. 25. iSj.,. Xcit Mociicli lS,,2.
Slim iK.irly nr qiiiti- k1''i'"<iiih; leaves erowileil, entire, or nearly so, thin, glabrous or slii-iilly
roMRli pubescent. (Jufbce to New Iviitjlantl. Ontario and Mieliinaii,
31
Aster tardiflorus L. Xortheasieru
Aster. (Fig. 3765.)
.■l\/ri /u/i/i/!i'rii.s I„ .Sj) I'l. ICil. 2. I2,u. T'lv
Stem glabrous, or slightly puliescent above,
c'oiytnbosely branched near the suiniiiit, 1^-,^"
high. Leaves lauceolate or obloiig-laiiceolate,
serrate with low teeth, or some of them entire,
iicuminatc at the apex, narrowed into a clasping
base, glabrous or nearly soon both sides, roughish-
niargined, 3'-6' long, 4"-i(i" wide; heads about
1' broad, not very numerous, involucre hemis-
pheric, its outer bracts broad and foliaceous, often
6" long, acute, somewhat unequal; rays 20-30,
violet; pappus nearly white; acheties pubescent.
.•\IoiiK streams. Maf-sacluisetts to Labrador. Closely
related to the preceding species. Aug. Oct.
32. Aster patulus lyain. Spreading
Aster. (Fig. 3766.)
Aster f^aluliis I.ani, ];ncycl. i: ,?o8, 178,^
Pubescent, or nearly glabrous; stem i°-4°high.
Leaves oval, ovate, or oblong-lanceolate, sharply
and irregularly serrate, rather tliiu, acute, acumi-
nate, or blunt at the apex, the lower 3'-6' long,
\'-2}/i' wide, narrowed into margined petioles,
the upper sessile and somewhat clasping; heads
numerous, panicled, about i' broad; involucre
campanulate, l"-i\" high, its bracts linear to lin-
ear-lanceolate, acuminate, not foliaceous, loosely
imbricated in 3 or 4 series, the outer shorter than
the inner; rays violet-purple or rarely white.
New Brunswick to New Hamp.sliire, Also called
Smooth Red-steiti Aster. Sept.
33. Aster prenanthoides Miilil.
Crooked-stem Aster. (Fig. 3767.)
Asler prenanthoides Muhl,; Willd, Sp, PI. 3: 2046.
1S04,
Stem glabrous, or pubescent in lines above,
flexuous, much branched, i-'-2° high. Leaves
thin, oblong to ovate-lanceolate, sharply and
coarsely serrate, scabrous above, glabrous or
nearly so beneath, 3'-6' long, ()"-\%" wide,
acuminate at the apex, abruptly narrowed below
into a broad margined entire petiole, the base
auriculatc-claspiug; heads usually numerous,
i' broad or more; involucre hemispheric, its
bracts linear, acute, green, spreading, imbri-
cated in 3 or 4 series, the outer shorter; rays
20-30, violet, 4"-6" long; pappus tawny;
achencs pubescent.
In moist soil, Massachusetts to Wisconsin, south
to West Virginia, Kentucky and Iowa. Aug,-Oct.
Aster pienanthoides ponectif61iu8 Porter, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 326. 1S94.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate, much elongated, sometimes 8' long, gradually contracted into an
entire clasping base, Pennsylvania,
<."ti:.M s ;i.
THI.STI,U I'AMIIyY
Aster.
34. Aster laevis I,. Smooth
(1-ig. 3768.)
AsU'i liir:ii I,. S|i. I'l. S76. 175,^.
Stem usually stout, (,'lnl)rous, often glaucous,
2°-4 ImkIi. ')iaiicliC(l or simple. Leaves thick,
enure, or serrate, glabrous, slightly roUKli-mar-
V;lMe4, the upper all sessile anil stronj^ly eor-
ilate-cLispinj,', obl(ing-Iaueeolate,oblaiu'eolatc or
mate, acute i>r obtusish, i'-4' lonj;, 4"-2' wide,
tlu' basal and lower >;radually narmwed into
\viiii;ed petioles, those of the branches often
small and br.ictdikc; heads usually numerous,
about 1 ' broad; involucre campanulate,its bracts
ri).;id, acute, apjircssed, jjrcen-tippcd, imbricated
in several series; rays 15 ;,o, blue or violet; pap-
\t\\> tawny; achencs j.;labrous or nearly so.
I'-uallyiti dry sciil, M.iiiu ami Cliitarin to rcini
^ylv.uiia and I.dui^i.uia, wisl to tile Nortluvist 'Per-
rit'iiyiiiid Mis-^nuri. .Sipl.-dcl.
AsttT laevis amplifolius I'drtir, Mem. Torr. Club, 5:
.Stout, -nuuwhat lk->.liy; leaves broadly ovate, iiar-
Kiwid toward tlie liasi', slrouKly clasping, Mass.i-
clnwi.ll- 1(1 I a>itini IViui-ylv.uiia, Minnesota .nul Mi-soini.
Aster laevis Potomacinsis HuiKCss.
I.iiwer stem leaves abruptly contracted into wiuKcd iietioks, sharply serrate: heads
ally raci nmsc; urecu lips of llii bracts broad, couspicilous. Maryland and \'ir({iiiia.
lew, iisu-
35. Aster concinnus WilUl. Xarrow-
leaved .Sinoolli A.stcr. (Fig. 3769. )
AsIc) (Oiui)iini^ Wind, liiunn. SS). i8i«)-
Similar to narrowdeavcd forms of . Is/rr /arz'is,
.i;labrous, or sparingly pubescent above; stem
[lauiculately branched, l°-3° liigb. Leaves
light green, lanceolate to linear, entire, or some-
times serrulate, the upper sessile, somewhat
clasping, i'-,^' long, the lower and basal ones
spatulate, or oblong, narrowed into margined
petioles, sometimes coarsely toothed; heads
usually numerous, about i' broail; bnicts of the
involucre witli rhomboid acute herbaceous tips;
rays violet to purple.
New York and IVnnsylvaina to Viininia. North
Carolina 1?) and .\rkansas.
36. Aster purpuratus Nces. Sotitheni
Smooth .\ster. (Fig. 3770.)
.■Is/ri : ii\i;i!/iis Kll, Hot. S. C.kV Oa. 2:.55,^ iS2|. Not
Moeticli, iNij.
.-1. fill i/iin a/iis Nees. C,en. S: Sp. .\st. iiS. iS,;-'.
vStem slender, glabrous, simple, or branched
above, l,'^ -,V liigb. the branches sometimes pu-
beriilcnt. Leaves firm, glabrous, dark green, entire,
the upper sessile and clasping at the base, elon-
gated-lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acuminate,
2'-6' long, 2"-4" wide, the lower and basal ones
petioled, oblong-lanceolate, obtusish, those of the
branches very small; heads rather few, loosely
paniculate, S"-i2''' broad; involucre campp-nilate,
to turbinate, its bracts coriaceous, linear, ? ; ssed,
green-tipped, acute, imbricated in several sc.^s, the
outer shorter; rays 5-10, blue or violet, y's" long,
pappus tawny; achenes glabrous.
Virginia and West Virginia to Ceorgia and Texas.
24
i
Aug. -Sept.
370
COMroSlTAl;
37
[Vol.. III.
Rii>li .\>ter.
Aster jiinceus Ait.
( iMR. ;,77i.j
.U/fi inini'iis Wi. Holt. Kiw. 3: 2k\. i-S.,.
.Stem very slciulor, gliljroii^, or niiiiiitely pul)es-
ceiit above, sinijile or little- branclieil, 1^-.;° ImkIi.
I.L'iives firm, ^l.ihroiis, narrowly liiit'ar, entire, or
soinclitnes with ,1 few distant tietli, acute or
acuminate at the apex, sessile by a broad claspiu),'
and often sli^'litly I'oril.itcbase, ;/ (>' lotij,', I !."-.|"
wide; heads p.miculate, rather distant, about i'
broad; involucre hcniisi)lR'ric, about ;, '' hiK''. its
bracts glabrous, linear-siil)nlate, very acute, imbri-
cated in ,1 or t series, the outer shorter; rays violet
to nearly white, .("-.s" lonn; pappus pale.
In swamps anil bogs, Nova Scotia lo the Northwest
Territory, south to New Jersey, Ohio, Wisconsin ,ind
in the Rocky Mountains, July-.Sept.
38. Aster adscendens Lindl.
Western Aster. (Fig. ,,772.)
A. (7i/,((V»(/c;/\I,iii(ll.; I took. V\. Hor. .\ni. 2:,s. iS^^j.
Stem slender, ri),'id, glabrous, or sparingly
hirsute-pubescent, branched or simple, 6'-2'
high. Leaves firm, entire, rough-margined,
sometimes ciliolate, those of the stem line.ir-
lanceolate or linear-oblong, acute or ol)tusish,
i'-,;' long, 2"-$" wide, sessile by a more or
less chisping base ; basal leaves spatulate, nar-
rowed into short petioles; heads not numerous,
about I 'broad; involucre hemispheric, its bracts
imbricated in 3-5 series, oblong-linear or spatu-
late, their tips obtuse or obtusish, slightly
spreading, the inner often mucronulate; pappus
nearly white; acliencs pubescent.
On prairies and moist banks, western Nebraska
to W'yoniinjf , Montana and the Northwest Territury,
west to Coloradii, New Mexico and Nevada.
Sept.
July
39.
Aster Novi-Belgii L. New York
-Vster. (Fig. 3773-)
. \sh-i A'o-././lr/Q-ii I,. Sp. PI. s;-. i-,s;,.
Aslfr I on If i foil IIS A. tiray, Man. VA. i, 2;;. iS'i;. Not
r.ani. irS'v
.Stem slender, usnaliy much branched, glabrous,
or slightly pubescent above, 1^-3- high. Leaves
lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate,
firm, entire, or slightly serrate, glabrous, or very
nearly so, acuiniuate at the apex, narrowed, sessile
and more or less clasping at the base, 2' s' long,
j^'-S" wide, the lowest pctioled; heads corymbose-
paniculate, usually numerous, io"-i5" broad; in-
volucre hemispheric, to campanulate, its bracts lin-
ear, acute, green, somewhat spreading, in 3-5
series, the outer shorter; rays 15-25, violet, .4"-5"
long; pappus whitish; achenes glabrous or nearly so.
In swamps, Newfoinidland to Maine and Georgia,
mainly near the coast. Ang.-Oct.
Aster Novi-Belgii litoreus \. Ciray, Svn. l'"l. i: I'ait 2,
i8g. 18S4.
I.ow and spreading;, more or less fleshy, much branched; leaves shorter, broader, tliickish,
acute, i'-2'-' long; princijjal bracts of the involucre, obtuse, loose, sp.itulate. Along salt-niarslRS,
Prince Edward Island and Quebec to (ieorgia.
Aster Novi-Belgii elodes (T. & G. 1 A, Gray, .Syn. Kl. i: Part 2, Kio. 18S4,
Aster elodes T. & G. Kl. N. A. 2: i,^6. iS.p.
Leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate, often elong.ated to 4-6 inches; bracts of the involucre acute.
In moist ground, southern New York to North Carolina, Probably specifically distinct.
Aster Novi-Belgii Atlanticus Burgess.
Leaves lanceolate, tapering fnmi the middle to an acuminate base and apex, sometimes i' wide;
CiKNlS .V]
TIIISTI,!' I'AMII.V.
Xol
i' wide;
luads iisuiiUy fcwtl ; inllnrescciici raii iiii)>,i loiymbdsi . Iti ^liadi d swaiiii)s, M.i— -acluist U> li'
Xurlli Caidliiia.
Aster Novi-Belgii Brittonii Iliu^'i---.
Leaves thick; heads slmrl iiedumled, racemose sjjiiiiti toward the i ml- of the luaiielies; (,'reeii
tips of the bracts short. Massaehusetls to soiitlu astern New York and \'ir(;inia, near the coast.
40. Aster longifolius I.aiii. I.uiig- leaved
Aster. (Imr. 3774J
.t\/ri /o)i,i,'i/'ii/iiis I.ani. I^iicycl. 1: ,vi'>. iT'^.l.
Stem ulabroiis, or somewhat puhescctit, leafj-,
paiiiciilately branched, 1 .; hi^h. Leaves lan-
ceolate to linear-lanceolate, entire or nearly so,
acuminate at the apex, narrowed into a sessile
claspinj; usually sli^jhtly cordate base, j' ^' loUKi
2"-6'' wide; heads .ather numerous, about i' broad;
involucre hemispheric, i"-,i" high, its bracts j;la-
brotis, narrow, ^reeu, acute, imbricated in only
I or 2 scries, nearly equal; rays numerous, about
.\" lonj{, violet or pale purple; pap|)us pale.
In swamps and moist uromul, Latirador to the Xnrlli-
west 'reniloiy, south to northern New Ivntjhind, Onta-
rio and MoiUaiia. Summer,
Aster longifohus villicauhs A. Ciray, Syn. I'l. i: I'ait ;.
IM). 18S4.
Sti-m densely wliite-villo\is; leaves narrowly limar-
latucolate, the mid rib villous beneath; heads fewer,
lonj.; peduneU'd; rays dark violet. Northern Maine .■iiid
New liruiiswick.
41. Aster foliaceus I,imll. Leafy-
bracted Aster. ( l'i>;. 3775.)
y\slf> /i'liiirrii.s Lindl. in DC. Trodr. 5: 22s. lS;,s.
.Stem usually stout, sparingly pubescent in
lines, 2°-;,^ high, branched above, the branches
ascending. Leaves rather thin, oblong-lanceo-
late, acute at the apex, entire, or with a few small
distant teeth, glabrous t)n both sides, very rough-
margined, 2'-.|' long, /z'-i'wide, the upper all
strongly clasping at the base, the lowest petioled;
heads corymbose-paniculate, tuimerous, 1 ' broad or
more; involucre hemispheric, its bracts green, Iblia-
ceous, oblong, innoronate, the inner mostly nar-
rower ami acute; rays about ,V'. violet, 4''-,s" long;
])a|)pus nearly white; achenes pubescent.
Kindiall Co., Nebraska ( Rydbers; '. .\iiKiist. .As rec-
ognized by Dr. drav, this species comi)rises several
varieties, widely disiribiUed in the Rocky Mountains
and extendini; west to the Pacific. Onr description
and liKure are drawn from Mr. Rydbery's specimens.
42. Aster sericeus Vent. Western
Silvery or Silky A.ster. (Fig. 3776.)
Aslef seriittis Vent. Hort. Cels, />/.jj. iS(X).
.ts/er aixeii/i-us Miclix, Fl. I!or. .\ni. 2: iii. 1S03.
Stem slender, paniculately or corymbosely
branched, stifT, glabrous, le'>.fy, i°-2° high. Stem
leaves sessile, with a broad ba.se, oblong, entire,
mucronate, '/I'-iyi' long. ^"-5" wide, erect or as-
cending, with a dense silvery-white silky pubes-
cence on both siiles; basal and lowest leaves
oblanceolate, narrowed into margined petioles;
heads numerous, about I'/i' i)road; involucre turbi-
nate, its bracts oblong, or the inner lanceolate,
canescent, imbricated in 3 or 4 series, their tips
green, acute, spreading; rays 15-2,1, violet-blue,
6"-H" long; pappus tawny; achenes glabrous.
In dry open soil, Illinois to Minnesota and Mani-
toba, south to Teiuiessee, Jlissouri and Texas. .VuK--
Sept.
l1/ -
Aster concolor 1<
coMrosiTAi:.
I'/istcrn vSilvory Aster.
',,'.',■; I,. Si
[Vnl,. III.
I'iK- 3777-)
.!>/,■; (M//,, '.',■; I,. Sp. rl. I/l. -\ 122^. I7'\;.
Sttm slenilcr, jjlalirous, or pubescent alidve.
i" 2,'j'^ liigli, leafy, simple, or with tew erccl
branches. Leaves ohlong or linearohlong,
linclv anil densely cancscent on hoih sides,
or the lower glalirale, sessile, olituse or niu-
cronatc, i '_. ' 2' long; heads numerous in an
elongated narrow raceme resemhling l.acin-
aria; involucre broadly turbinate, its bracts
linear or linear oblong, a])presscd, canescent,
imbricated in .) or 5 series, their tips green,
acute, the outer sliorter; rays lo 15, lilac,
,^"-4" long; pappus tawny; acliencs villous.
Ill ilrv s.'iiiilv siiil, eastern llassacliusetts and
Kluidc
oast.
Island to l''loi"ida and Louisiana, luai the
I,il,ic lli)\VL-i\(l .\stor, .Alls;, 1 Ht,
44. Aster Fendleri .\. Gray.
l'"einller',s .X.stcr. ( I'it;. 377S. )
,/>/•■/■ Ffmilt'ii \. C.r.iv, Mnu, .\iii, .\cad, • II 14: fiii.
iS,;,.
Aslfi .\ii/tti//!! var, Ivti.iloi .\. ('.r.iy, I'ac, K, K.
Rep, 4- 1)7. i8,s(i.
Stem- several or solitary from thick woudv
roots, rigid, hirsute, 6'--i2' high. Leaves linear,
rigid, i-iierved, acute or acuminate, .S"-i,s"
long, i"-i'.." wide, glabrous on both ?ides,
l>ut the niargiii,s I)ristly-ciliate; hc.-ids usually
tew and racemose, \i'-\' \ixoi\A\ involucie tur-
binate, its bracts glandular, linear-oblong, im-
liricated in. about 4 scries, the inner .iciite, the
outer shorter and obtuse; lays 111-15, violet,
,;"-5" long.
Ill dry soil on the plains, western Kansas tci CoUi-
lado and New ^Iixieo, Autr. Sept,
Aster grandiflorus I,.
lyurge-llowercd .Vster. ( W^
Aslt'i :j;i juditloi Us L. Sp. I'l.
1779- )
.Stem rather still', divaricately iniicli 1)ranch-
ed, hispid with short hairs, i°-2'i high.
Leaves oblong, linear.or somewhat S])atulate,
rigid, sessile by a broad, sometimes slightly
clasping base, reflexcd, entire, ol)tusish, his-
pid, the larger .;' long and \" wide, those of
the branches very numerous, 2"-,s" long;
heads about 2' broad, terminating the
liraiiches; involucre hemispheric, its bracts
very squarrose and foliaceous, imbricated in
5-7 series, linear, or linear-ouloii.^ glandular,
the outer obtusish, the inner acute; rays very
numerous, deep violet, nearlj- i' long, I'j"
wide; pappus brownish; achenes ribbed,
caiiescent.
In dry soil, \'iiginia, east of the niountains,
to I'lorida. .Sept.
Gi'MS ;,i.]
THIST1.I-; [■AMII.V.
46. Aster spectabilis Ait. Low v^howy Aster.
( V\<r. 3780. )
.tui I s/^i i/(ili/7ii \n. llcirt. Ivfw. 3: ;<Hi. \~>\).
Stem stifT, simple, orcoryniboscly brniichcd
above, pubenilciit, or rough below, more or
less glaiuUilar above, 1-2 hiuli. Leaves
firm, thickish, the basal ami lower ones
oval, acute or acutish, 3'-5' long, I'-l'^'
wide, sparingly dentate with low teeth, nar-
row ed at the base into slender petioles; npper
leaves sessile, entire rr very nearly so, acute,
Hucar-oblong; heads several or numerous,
about I';' broad, corymbose, very showy;
involucre nearly hemispheric, its bracts
linear-oblong or slightly spatulate, glandular,
ind)ricated in about 5 scries, their green ob-
tusish tips spreading; rays i.S-.V, bright vio-
let, 6''-io" hnig; pappus whitish; achenes
slightly pubescent.
In dry sandy soil, MassaclinscUs In Delaware,
nuistly near tlic i(iii>l. AiiR.- ( )cl.
Sea>iilc Pmplc .\ster.
47. Aster surculosus .Michx.
Creepiiii; .\ster. (Fig. 37S1..)
AslersuiciiliisKs Micli.x. V\. I'.or. Am. J: w?.
iSo.i.
Stem slender, from elongatcd-rdiform
rootstocks, minutely scabrous-pubescent,
ici'-iS' high, corynd)OSely branched abuve.
Leaves firm, lanceolate or linear, the lower
pctioled, 2'-_V long, 4" ^" wiile, rough-
margined, slightly scabrous above, sparingly
dentate, the upper narrower, sessile, entire;
heads few, or sometimes solitary, about 15"
broad; involucre tnrbiuate-hemispheric, its
bracts coriaceous, imbricated in about 5 sc-
ries, ciliatc, but scarcely glandular, their
green tips spreading; rays i,s-,iO, violet;
pappus whitish; achenes nearly glabrous.
In sandy or (jTavelly soil, Ncirtli Carolina and
t'.corjria. Reported from New Jersey. ,Sei)t. ( let.
vSlemler
37S2-)
181S.
48. Aster gracilis Xiitt.
ox Tuber .V.stcr. (Fig.
Asler i;>iu ill's 'SuW. t'.en. 2: 15S.
Stem slender, finely puberulent and
scab' us, corynibosely branched above,
i°-i '2° high. Leaves minutely scabrous,
the basal and lower ones oval, acute
or obtusish, 2'-;/ long, 4"-,s" wide,
dentate, narrowed into sleinler petioles;
upper leaves linear, linear-oblinig, or
slightly oblanceol.ite, acute, entire, sessile
or a little clasping; heads usually nu-
merous, ()"-io" broad; involucre nar-
rowly turbinate, its bracts coriaceous,
glabrous or very nearly so, imbricated
in about 5 scries, their tips green and
spreading, obtusish; rays 9-15, violet, 3"-
4I2" long; pappus nearly white; achenes
minutely pubescent.
In dry sandy soil, New .lersey to Kentucky,
Tennessee and Nortli Carolina. Kootstock
tid)er<>ns lliickened. July Seiit.
374
COMroSITAH.
LVoi,. III.
Aster Radula Ait. Low Rough Aster. File-blade Aster. (Fig. 3783.)
Aslei A'dtfii/ii Mi. Ildit. Ki'w. 3: 210. 1789.
Stem glabrous, or puberiileiit above, slen-
der, coryiiibosely Ijranched near the sununit,
1^-2^ bij;h. Leaves sessile, ronj;li above,
more or less pubescent beneath, oblong-
lanceolate, acute, sharply serrate, stronjjly
pinnatcly veined, 2'-;-,' long, t,"~12" wide;
heads several, or .sometimes numerous, I'-i 'i'
broad; involucre hemispheric, its bracts ob-
long or oblongspatulate, coriaceous, ap-
prcssed-pubescent, conspicuously ciliolate,
their green obtuse tips appressed; rays 20-
,V>, violet, 4"-6" long; achencs glabrous,
striate; pappus nearly white.
In swamps, Dtlawan.- ami soutlu-rn I'lMinsyl-
vania to Ncwldumllaml. July-Sipt.
Aster Radula billorus 1 Michx.) I'ortcr, Mem.
Ton. Club, 5: ,',2(), 1S94.
.ts/rr !ii//ti> IIS Michx. I'l. Hor. Am. 2: ii.(. iSn,^.
AsUt s/n'i/ii.< I'ursh. I'l. Am. Svpl. .ssfi- I.'^l4.
A.s/fr Kailiila var. siriclii.': A. Gray, Syn, l'"l. i:
I'art 2, 176. iSS(.
I.uwcr, virvskiuler: lieails 1-5; Umvi-s narrower, kss serrate or entire; invulucral bracts, or s-onie of
tlieiii .icute. Jloutitainsiif New ICnjiflaiKllo I,al)ra(liir.in(l NewfoumUand. I'erliai)> a distinct species.
50. Aster Herveyi A. Gray. Ilervey's Aster. ( l'*ig. 3784.
Aslt'r Jin : iv: .\. l/.r.iy, Man. ICd. 5, 229, 1S67.
Stem roughish, at least above, slcinler, sim-
ple orcorymbosely branched, rarely paniculate,
r^-,V~ high, the branches glandular-puberulent.
Leaves linn, rough above, pubescent on the
veins beneath, the basal and lower ones on
slender naked petioles, ovate, dentate with low
usually distant teeth, acute at the apex, nar-
rowed, ronndeil or rarely cordate at the base,
2'-6' long, i'-;' wide; upper leaves sessile, or
narrowed into winged petioles, smaller, entire
or nearly so; lieads I'-i'.' broad; involucre
turbinate or canipanulate, its bracts appressed,
or sometimes spreading, densely glandular, ob-
long or spalnlate, obtuse or mucronulate; rays
15 25, violet, ,s"-7" long; achcnes minutely
pubescent, striate; pappus nearly white.
In dry si'il, ea>tern Massachusetts and Kliode
Inland, .\pparentlv liyhridi/es with .1. v/xv/ii
/.I ///,(. AUK.-Oct.
51. Aster turbinellus Lindl. Prairie
Aster. { Fig. 3785. )
A.iler liiii>iiuilii.<: I.indl. Comp. Hot. Ma^. i: 9.S.
Stem sleiulcr, paniculatcly branched, glabrous
below, puberulent above, 2°-;' high. Leaves
llrm, lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, entire,
ciliate, acute or acuminate, 2'-,;' long, the
lower and basal ones pctioled, the ujiper ses-
sile, those of the branches much smaller;
lu-ads about i' broad, mostly solitary at the
I'uds of the branches; involucre turbinate, its
bracts oblong, coriaceous, obtuse, appressed,
imbricated in 5 or 6 series, their tips green only
at the apex; rays 10-20, ,^"-5" long, violet;
pappus tawny; achenes finely pubescent.
In dry soil, especially on i)rairies, IIliiKiislo Mi>-
souri. Kansas, Louisiana and .\rkausas. Sept. -Oct.
tiKNLS U.]
THISTI.R I'AMII-Y
I: 9.S.
52. Aster Nebraskensis liritton.
Xcbrasku Aster. (Fig. 3786. )
Stem strictly erect, slender, still", rough to the
base, simple, or with a few short nearly erect
branches, very leafy, I'; -s';^ tall. Leaves
thick, rather rigid, ascending, lanceolate to ob-
long-lanceolate, sessile by a snbcordate base,
acute or acuminate at the apex, l'-,%' long,
|"-6" wide; very rough on both sides, the tnid-
vein prominent beneath, the lateral veins ob-
scure; heads few, terminating .short leafy
branchlets, i'-]'^' broad; involucre broadly
campanulatc or hemispheric, about .^'' high, its
bracts green, oblong, acute, indjricated in sev-
eral series, the outer (piite foliaceous; rays pur-
ple, about 6" long.
I.aki sliiires. central Nebraska,
and basal leaves not seen. Tvpi ,
1724. 'Sd;,,
iiortliufit
Sept. Lower
Rydbern, N'c
ill the lake refrion of (".rant Co.. 2 r.iiU--
• i Whitman."
Aster paludosus Ait.
Southern Swamp Aster. (Fig. 3787. )
./.(/<•; />a/ii<i(is!is Aii. Hort. Kew. 3: 201. l^St).
Ilcli'iistium paUidosuui DC. Prodr. 5: 264.
iS;,6.
Stem rougl'ish, or rough-pid)escent,
slender, simple, or somewhat branched
above, i '-2>i" high. Leaves linear, en-
tire, glabrous, the margins rough or ciliate,
rather rigid, 2' 6' long, 2"-4" wide, mostly
i-nerved, acute, the lower part commouly
sheathing the stem; heads few or several,
r.iceinose or paniculate, i/i'-2' broad; in-
volucre broadly campanulate or hemis-
pheric, its bracts iml)ricatcd in about 5
series, foliaceous, ciliate, the outer lanceo-
late, acute, the inner oblong or .spatulate;
rays 20-;,o, deep violet, 5"-;" long, pap-
pus tawny; achencs .S-io-nerved, glabrous
or nearly so.
In swamps, ilissoiiri to Texas, east tn North
Carolina and I'lorida. .\UK,-<)ct.
Aster nemoralis Ait.
A.ster. (_Fig. 3788. )
. I v/cr </(■»;, XI///.V .-Xil. Hurt. Kew. 3: 19S. i7S(|.
vStcni pulierulent, slender, simple, or coryni-
bosely branched above, 6'-2° high. Leaves
sessile, membranous, oblong-lanceolate or
linear-oblong, acute at each end, i)td)esccnt
or puberulent on both sides, dentate or entire,
I'-J' long, I 'j "-4'" wide, margins often revo-
lute; heads .several, or solitary, i'-l,'>' broad,
the peduncles slender; involucre lieniispheric,
its Ijracts appressed, linear-subulate, acute or
acuminate, imbricated in about ,^ series; rays
15-25, light violet-purple to rose-pink; achenes
glandular-putjescent; pappus white.
In sandy bo^s, New Jersey to iiortliern New
York, ( intarid, Newfoundland and Hudson Hay.
Aii«,-Sept.
Aster nemoralis Blakei I'oner, Hull. Torr. Club, 21:
Stems I 2'j hiKli. ascendiiiK. leafy from the base; leaves 2 "-,V-'
ceolate, rtTuotely and sharply denlaie. or nearly entire; heads rather few, sometimes solitary.
Maine. New llatiipsliire and northern New York. Kornis resemble the followinpr species.
)blon^-Ian-
C():\iiH)sn'AK.
[V(.i.. iir.
55. Aster acuminatus Michx.
Whoi'led or Mountain Aster. 1 I'ig. ^iJSq. )
Aslri dizd) icaliis I. am. Ivticvel. i: ic^. I7""i.
X(.t h. I7,s:v
Aslei atliiin'iiitlns Michx. l''l. licjr. Am. 2: in,;, i^n^.
Stem pubescent or pul)enilciit, /ifj/ag, cor-
jiiibosely branclied, often leiifles.-; below, i -
;° higli. I^eaves thin, bioarlly oblon.,, acumi-
nate at the apex, narrowed to a somewhat
cuneate sessile liase, sharply ami coarselv den-
tate, pinnately veined, glabrous or pubescent
above, pubescent at least on the veins bencatli,
jj'-f)' long, ''2'-\]i' wide, often appro.\iniulc
above, and appearing whorled; heads several
or numerous, I'-i',' bro;ul; involucre nearlv
hemispheric, its bracts subulate-linear, acumi-
nate, the outer much shorter; rays i:!-iS, nar-
row, 6"-8" long, white or purplish; pappus
soft, fine, nearly white; achenes pul)e.scent.
!Moist woods, L.^hrrirl'-r to Ontario, western New
York, aiul in the mountains to Georgia. July-Oct.
cS: G. I'plancl Wliite .\ster. (Fig. 3790.)
C/liyso/^fis nihil y,\\\.\.. {',fn. 2: \=,2. iSiS. Nut
A. ci//ut.i WilUl.
Doi'lli)ii; frill p/nniiii'o/i/rs Nccs, (icn. iV Sp.
.\.st. iS;,. iS;,2.
.,'). f>/iu-miioidi\s T. iS: G. Kl. N. .\. 2: i6o. iS.|i.
Stems tufted, slender, rigid, usually rough
above, corymbosely branched near the snin-
niit, i°-2° high. Leaver linear-lanceolate,
3-ribbed, entire, or with a few distant teeth,
firm, shining, rough-margined or ciliate,
somei.ii:i_s scabrous, acute, narrowed to a
sessile b.^se, or the lower petioled, the low-
est and basal ones 3'-6' long, ■i"-^" wide,
the upper smaller, those of the branches
linear-subulate; heads not numerous, S"-
12" broad, terminating the branches of the
corymb; involucre nearly hemispheric, 2"-
.1" high, its bracts linear-oblong, obtuse, ap-
pressed, nearly glabrons,grecn, imbricated in
about 4 series; rays 10-20, snow white, 3"-
4" long; pappus white; achenes glabrous.
In dry or rocky soil, Massacliusctts.Vcrnmnt
and Ontario, to the Northwest Territory, Illi-
nois. Missouri and Colorado. July -Sept.
Aster ptarmicoides lutescens (Hook.
DiplopafipKS iilhus \Ar. /u/fscriis Itodk. I'M, Hor
Part 2, 199. 1SS4.
\. Gray, .Syn. I'l. i :
.\m. 2: 21. iS,v).
Rays pale yellow, sliort: involucre nar'uwci,
Nortlurn Illinois to the Northwest Territory,
57. Aster dumosus L. Bushy Aster.
Rice-button Aster. (Fig. ,"^791.)
As/fi itiiinosiis I„ ,Sp, PI, S- ;, 175,5,
C.labrous or very nearly so throughout, pani-
culatcly much branched, i "-3° high. Leaves
firm, those of the stem linear or linear-lanceo-
late, entire, acute, orobtusish, i '-;' long, I '.'"-.;"
wide, roughishinargined, often reflexed, those
of the branches very numerous, small and bract-
like, the basal ones spatulate, dentate; heads
^'f^-f broad, tertninating the usually divergent
slender branches and branchlets, usually numer-
ous; involucre broadly campanulate, its bracts
linear-subulate, obtuse or acutish, appressed, im-
bricated in about ,( series, green-tipped; rays 15-
,Vi, white to pale violet, 2" long, pappus white;
achenes minutclj' pubescent.
Sandy soil. Massachusetts to western New N'.irk.
Ontario, I'lorida, Louisiana and Missouri, .\u',4 -1 kt.
('fIIMS ',1.1
THISTLI'; FAMILY.
Ol I
I'l. N, A. 2: I2S
l^|l.
I T"".!
Aster dumosus coridifolius i Miclix. i T. iS: (
Ailer lOi itli/'i>!iii\ Mii-lix.; Willd. Sp. I'l. 3. 2n2,S. iSu(.
More rtj!ri<l iiiul stcuitir; briincliUt-; I'loiiKattil; hraols (if the iiivoliicre ci)riai.i.(ius; leaver of tin.
liraiK'lics small .-ukI miiiiL-rous, very close. (liveiKeiil. I'ine-baneiis, Maltha's XMiieyanl to IMnriila.
Aster dumosus strictior T. ^: ('.. 11. N. .^. 2: 12S. iS)!.
Sic in sjiariiiijly branched, the branches ascenilin',', terminated by rather larger head-; leave-
sessile by a broad bfise. aeiiniinate. mostly qnitc entire. Swamiw lassachnsetts to New Jersey,
Pennsylvania and Maryl.md.
58. Aster salicifolius Lam. Willow Aster. (Fis- ,1
Aslii niUiii/oliiis I.ain. ICncycl. i: ,^06.
Aslt-r lunifiis T. iS: (',. V\. N. .\. 2: i,y.
1S41.
Stem ratlier slender, paniculately iiiucli braiicli-
C(l, usually very leafy, 2°-,s ' liigli. k'''1>''""s, or
soiiiewliat pubescent above. Leaves firni, lan-
ceolate or linear-lanceolate, rou);li-niar>;ine(l,
acute or acuminate at the apex, narrowed and
sessile or sligh.ly claspini^ at the base, entire or
sparingly dentate with low teeth, glabrous or
nearly so, 2'-.\' lonj;, 2"-u" wide, the lowest
sometimes pctioled, those of the branches grad-
ually smaller; heads numerous, S"-i2" broad;
involucre broadly turbinate, its bracts linear-ob-
long, apprcsscd, imbricated in 4 or 5 series, their
green tips acute or oblusish; rays luimcrous, vio-
let, or violet-purple, or sometime.-, white, ;s"--\"
long; pappus white; achencs minutely pubescent.
In moist soil, Maine and tDntario to Massachusetts
and Florida, west to Montana, Missouri and Texas,
Intcrgrades with yl. ftaii!\ iilaliis. Aur. Oct.
Aster salicifolius subasper (I.iiidl. ) A. Gray, Svu.
V\. 1: I'art 2: iSS. 1SS4.
A.sli'r snlicis/>t'r I.indl. Conip, Hot. Map, i: q-. i,^;^.
Stem scabrous; leaves more or less s j, Indiana to Missouri and Texas.
Aster salicitolius stenophyllus < I.indl. 1 Burgess.
Asl:>- .^leni'f>lixUus I.indl,, DC. Prod r. 5: 2.(2, iS-,6.
Leaves narrowly liuearlanceolate, small, those of the branches numerous and niinnte; lir.Kt-
of the involucre linear-subulate, .Southern New ^'ork and eastern I'einisylvani.i to \'irginia.
59. Aster paniculatus L,ain.
Tall White or Paiiicled .\ster. ' Fig. 3793. )
A.'.ler fiaiiiciilalus Lam. I^neyci. i: v"'. 17^1.
Stem glabrous or nearly so, ])aniculately much
branched, 2°-S° high. Leaves lanceolate to
oblong-lancoolatc, acuminate at the apex, nar-
rowed to a sessile or slightly clasping base,
glabrous, usually thin, roughish-margined, those
of the stem sparingly serrate in the middle, i>r
sometimes very nearly entire, 3'-6' long, ,?"-''"
wiile, the upper and those of the branches grad-
ually smaller; heads numerous, ,S"- 10" broad;
involucre nearly hemispheric, 3"-4" high, its
bracts narrowly linear-lanceolate, acute or
acuminate, appresscd, grccn-tipped, imbricated
in 4 or 5 series; rays numerous, white, or faintly
tinged with violet, y'-^" long; pap])us while
or nearly so; achencs minutely pubescent.
In moist soil. New llrnnswick to western Ont.irio
and .Montana, south to New Jersey. Virginia, Ki n
tucky, Louisiana and Missouri. .\ng.-Oct.
Aster paniculatus bellidiflorus Willd. 1 liurgess.
Ailfr briluti/loriis Willd. Lmnn, S,>^6. \^qq.
Asli'i li-iiiii/olii(S var. h,'lli,(i/lonis T, & C. I-'l, -N.
A. 2: 1 ',2. I,S|l.
Leaves narrowly linear, acuminate at l)oth ends, etUire, or remotely appressed-serrate, chicll.\
4' long by ,; " wide, or less; he;ids numerous, ratlier densely clustered on the ascending braiiche- of
the large panicle. In moistor wet soil, in open situations, New Brunswick to western Ontario, North
Carolina, Missouri and Kansas,
Aster paniculatus simplex 1 Willd. 1 Burgess.
.-I.t/i'-;- ,(/;«/i/^M Willd, ICiiuni. 8,87, i.Sot),
Leaves oblong lanceolate to oblanceolate. thill, long acuminate at both ends, the larger ofti n
8' long and I'wide, spiiringly serrate with low teeth; inlloreseence leafy, the heads less showy tlian
ill the preceding. In shaded moist places, Massachusetts to Ohio, \irginiaand Kentucky.
OMroSlTAI'.
[Vor,. III.
Aster paniculatus aciitidens liurt;('s>.
.l.\/iT idiiifiis var. tiiit/>ii;iiiii '['. Si (i. I'l. N. A. 2: i.;,;.
iS|i. Soi .1. tiiii/)i!;i/ IIS 'l'\\\in\i. iS;.'.
I.cavis oliloiiK laiicccilali', tlu- lafftiT oftin n' loiiu by
1 ', ' wide, very sliaii)ly senate, at least alxive tlie miilille;
luaiielies often very sjiiiit, soinetinies elcni^jated. Aliiii^f
streams atul ilitelies, Coiitiectieiit to VirKinia, (Miio ami
Kansas.
6o. Aster Missouriensis Ikitton.
Missouri Astur. (l''ig. 3794- )
Stem densely piibenileiit ^r pubescent, at least
above, iiiucli branclicii, 2" liij;'! "f niore. Leaves
thill, obloiifj-lan-'eolatc to obhinccolate, acute or
acuminate at the apex, sharply serrate above the
niiilille, fjradually tapcrinjr to an entire sessile or
slij,;htly clasping base, or the lower petioled, puber-
ulent above, finely pubescent beneath, the larger
,^'-4' lout;, the upper much smaller, entire; heads
6"-S" broa<l, panicled, short-i)cdniiclcd, or terini-
iiating short leafy branchlets, sometimes somewhat
secuiid; involucre 2"-3" high, its linear acute bracts
well imbricated, ciliate or pubescent; rays white.
In niiiist soil, K.msas and Missouri. Sei)t. Oct.
61. Aster Tradescanti L. Trade.scaiit's
Aster. Michaelmas Daisy. (Fig. 3795. )
Aslir 'J'ladcscaiili I., Sp. PI. S76. 1753.
Stem slender, pauiculately branched, 2°-3°
high, the branches usually ascending and often
pubescent in lines. .Stem leaves linear-lanceo-
late or lanceolate, acuminate at the apex, nar-
rowed to .". sessile base, 3'-6' long, i,'."-6"
wide, glab:uus or nearly so on both sides, com-
monly thin, sharply serrate in the middle with
low teeth, or sometimes entire; heads very
numerous, racemose but not sccund on the
branches, 5"-^" broad; involucre hemispheric
to broadly turbinate, 2"-,V liigii, its bracts
linear, acute, appresscd. grecn-ti])ped, imbri-
cated in .\ or 5 series; rays white or nearly so,
luiinerous, 2"-;," long; pappus white; achenes
minutely pubescent.
In fields and swamps, Ontario to Virginia, west to
tile Northwest 'I'erritory. Illinois and Minnesota.
K.vteiid- to Florida-' .\UK.-()et.
62. Aster Faxoni Porter. Faxon's
Aster. (Fig. 3796.)
Asl,-i fio/jfi/iy/his Willd. ICnuin. 88S, 1801). Not
Moencli, 1S02.
Aster luivoni I'orter. Mem. Torr. Club, 5: },2,\. iso(.
Glabrous throughout; stem pauiculately or cor-
yinljosely braijched; rather stout, 2°-s° high. .Stem
leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute or
acuminate, narrowed to a sessile base, or the lower
into margined petioles, entire or nearly so, firm,
2'--,' long, 2"-4" wide, those of the branches grad-
ually smaller; ba.sal leaves oblong to spatulate, ob-
tuse,dentate, heads not very nunierous.fi'''-^" broad;
involucre hemispheric, nearly 4" high, its bract.s
linear-lanceolate, acute or subulate, green-tipped or
green on the back, imbricated in about 3 series, the
outer shorter; rays bright white, 3'"-4" long.nuiner-
ous; pappus white; achenes minutely pubescent.
On moist clilTs. Vermont and Massachusetts to Penn-
sylvania, west to Wisconsin! ?) soutli to North Carolina
(aecordiiiK to C.ray '. .■\UK.-Sei)t.
in.
Gi.NTS ;i.]
THISTLI' TAMILV.
379
?D
Not
63. Aster ericoides h. White Ileatli
Aster. Frost-weed Aster. (Fig. 3797-)
.ts/er fi :\,iictri I.. Sp. I'l. .S;5. 175J.
Stem gltihrous or very nearly so, piiniculately
liraiahed, usually bushy, l°-.v' liiK'i. I'le lirauclies
racf luose. ami the bratii-hlets often somewhat
secuiid. Leaves firm or riKid, the hasal ones spat-
ulate, obtuse, dentate, narrowed into inarj;inc '
petiole^. glat)rou.'; or ciliate; stem leaves narrowly
Hneai', acute, entire, i'-,^' lonj;, i"-^" wide, those
of the biTiiches linear-subulate, mimerous; heads
usually very numerous, 4"-6" broad; involucre
campanulatv.' to hemispheric, its bracts coriaceous,
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, abruptly acute or
acuminate, green-tipped, imbricated in about ;,
series; rays 15-25, white, or tinged with rose;
pappus white; acheiies finely pubescent.
In dry sdil. Maine .-iikI Ontario to I'lnrida, west to
Wisconsin and Kentucky. Called also I'mst-weed,
Micliaelnia^ Kaisy
marv, iioj: fennel,
J)ecl
Karewell Smnnier, White Kosc
Mare's tail, Scrub bu-^li. .Sept.-
Aster ericoides pilosus (Willd. 1 I'ortii, Mem. I'orr.
As/t-r :i!h<uis Midi.x. I'M. lior. .\ni. 2: ii.s. iSo^. Not Tliunb.
Asify t'l icoidrs var. z'i7/i'^iis T. N: ('.. I'l. N. A. 2: 124. iS(i.
Stem, branches ami ofti'ii the leaves villiius-hirsute or hispid; leaves linear lanceolate. We~t-
eni Ontario to Petnisylvania and Heorjtia, west to Minnesota and Missouri.
Astci ericoides platyphyllus T. X: G. Kl. X. .\. 2: 124. rSji.
Densely viUoii-; hirsute: stem leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate. 1' 2' lonff, |."-I2" wide.
Indiana to North Carolina and ('.eoijria.
Aster ericoides depauperatus I'urter, Mttn. Tnrr, Chdi, 5; ,u',i. 1*1 1.
Ash) I > icoittrs var. fiiniHus .\. Cray, Syn. 1"1. i: I'art 2, liS.|. 1SS4. Not A. piisilliis Horn. 1S15.
Clabrous. very slemler, 6' 12' liiKh; stem leaves and those of the branches line.-ir or subulate.
.Southern Pennsylvania and West Virginia.
Aster ericoides Randi Ilritton.
I,ow. stout, Klabrous, seldom uver i hiK'i. corymbosely or somewhat racemosely bra'uhed
above, often Inishy; stem leaves elongated, suinetinies ;" wide; bisal leases sjjatulate, petiol.d, en-
lire; heads numerous, larger than in the tyi)e. sometimes over i' broiid; rays wliite to violet: bracts
of the invohicre trieener than in tile type. I'erhajjs a distinct species. Ml. Desert Island, Maine.
Aster ericoides parviceps lUirtress.
More or les< pilose: stem strict, erect, about 1 hich, usually bu'^hy, branelied above, the branches
nnistly short; leaves nnrrowly linear, ascending, with short leafy branchi s in their axils; heads mi
nierous, crowded, 3" 4" broad, somewhat secund; involucre ' ."-2" liiRli; leaves of the l)vanclies
reduced to small scales. I'rairies, Illinois and Jlissouri.
64. Aster Pringlei (A. (^.ray) Britton.
Pringle's Aster. (Fig. 3798.)
\. Cray, Syn. h'l. i:
As/cr eiicoide
Part 2. 1 84.
var. Pf iiii^lfi
1SS4.
Stem very slender, glabrous, simple, or with
few or numerous slender ascending branches,
not bushy, 6'-2° high. Rasal leaves lanceolate,
oblong or oblanceolatc, 2'-6' long, 2"-6" wide,
entire, or slightly toothed, ciliate and some-
times u little pubescent, at least on the slender
petioles which are often as long as the blades;
stem leaves narrowly linear, those of the
branches small and subulate; heads as large
as those of A. trioiides, or commonly smaller,
usually fewer, solitary at the ends of the
branches and branchlets; bracts of the cam-
patiulate involucre with short green tips; rays
white.
On banks, especially in rocky places, Massa-
chusetts and \'ermont to Wisconsin. .VuR. Oct.
eo.MrosiTAi;.
[Vol.. III.
• / 65. Aster lateriflorus (L. ) Hrittun.
/ / Starved Aster. Calico Aster. ' I'ijj;. Ci7'-j9-''
' I, S«/ii/iii;i> /ii/ii if/.uc ].. S\i. \']. >-<t. I's.l
yi .\-\lrr liiilii.ua .\\\.. Hurt. Kivv, 3: J05. ' i-'<u.
-'/ .ls:ii DiiMi Sun. i',v\\. 2: i~.S. iSiS.
.i.iiiiii ith'i K.s Hriltoii, Trails. N, \'. .Vcad. Sci.g. 1.' 1--.1.
Stem puUfruIfiit, or nearly ^I'I'tous, sloiiilcr, di-
vcrj^ently branclied, i°-5^ I'IK''- Hasal leaves civ.ite,
sletiilcr-pelidleil; stem leaves broadly laiu-eolale or
ol)loiij;-laiU'eolatc, iiuislly acuminate, serrate. 2'--,s'
lonj;, ()"-i2" wide, those of the branches smalltT,
obloiij; or linear-oblon^;; heads },"-•," broail, race-
nioscly unilateral on the branches, short-peduiicled
or sessile, usually numerous and crowilcd; involucre
turl)inate, its bracts linearobloui.;. obtuse or acutish,
imijricated iu about 4 series, their short ijreen tips ap-
pressed or slif^htly s] readiuj;; rays numerous, short,
white or pale ]v.u]ile; disk-llowers purple; pappus
white; aclieues minutely pubescent.
In dry or nioi'-t soil. Nova Scotia to wcstirn cmtario,
south to North C.iroliua, Louisiana and 'I'cx.is. Called iu Maryland Rosemary. .\\\K- "ct.
Aster lateritlonis glomerellus 1 '1'. iS: d > limits-..
.I.v/c; «/;V(V var. A' /.)w;c;v7/h.v T. >\: C. l"l. N, .\. 2: i,V). 1.H41.
Chictly unbranchcd. witli the habit of So/i\/iii;ii rues id : leaves liispidulons abo\r. oblonn; -Mice-
olate, dull Ricen, the teeth very sharp and slraitcht; heads ^floineratc in the axils, ol'teti somewhat >\>i-
catc toward the summit of the plant, somelimis al*i) on short branches. In deep wiiods, New York
to Virginia.
Aster laterillorus thyrsoideus > A. Cray) Sheldon. Hull. T.>rr. Clidj. 20: :;^i<. iScii.
Aslei diiinsus var. Ilnii,n\ic-iis A. Cray, Syn.'bM. i: Part 2, 1S7. iS>|,
.\shv pubescent; haves ovatv to lanceolate; brandies ascendiusf, rathcrstili'. mostly short head>
usually densely thyrsoid-paniculatc, le-;s markedly seeund than iu llie type. New York and Ontario
to Illinois.
Aster laterillorus grandis Porter. Mem. Torr. Club, 5: S2\. iso).
Aslt-y ht'/ioiis l.'xndX.: DC. I'rodr. 5; 21 ;,. i-^.i6. Not .Ml. i7S_s.
As/,i ilitnisus \nr. hi I runs \. Cray, Syu. HI. i: Pari 2. 1S7. i>^|.
Taller atul larKer-Kaved tlian the type, the br.uiches spreaditiR; leaves lanceolate, sonielinio 6'
long and nearly 1' wide; heatls mostly larger, rather loosely paniculate. In sh.ided places, ^-^mtheru
New York to Kentucky and Illinois.
Aster laterillorus pendulus 1 Ait. : lUn(j:ts>.
Asia /iriiiiiiltts .\it. Ilort. Kew. 3: 205. 17.S,
r.eaves linear-elliptic, conspicuously droopinji. renu)tely appressed-serrulate, ol'ten witli nar-
rowly margined petioles, routrhish when dry; branches lonir. slender, often ik-iu1u1ous; head- !ong-
peduneled; niys and bracts often puri)le tinned. In thickets, New York to Xivijinia.
Aster laterillorus horizontalis 1 Dcsf. 1 lUirgcss.
Asler lu»i:oiilalis lle^i Cat. Ilort, Paris, lid, ,',. .|o2. 1820.
branches long, slen<ler, widely spreading; leaves llrm, those of the branches viiy small, niu-tly
entire; heads very numerou-i; rays rather large. Southern New \ urk to X'irgiuia.
66. Aster hirsuticaulis Lindl.
Hairy-stemmed .\ster. (Fig. 3S00.)
Asler hirsulicniilis I.indl.; DC. I'rodr. 5; 242.
As/ff !nfni/!oi us liirsiiliiaiili^ Porter. Mem.
Torr. Club. 5: ,^24. 1894.
Stem .slender, erect, i '2°-,'," hij.;li, pubes-
cent nearly or quite to the base, the usually
short branches spreading or ascending.
Leaves thin, gl.ibrous above, usually pubes-
cent ou the niidvein l)e".eatli, serrate with a
few appressed teeth, or entire, linear-lanceo-
late to lanceolate, sometimes 6' long, 2"-~"
wide, sessile, or the b:isal ones spatulate and
petioled; heads more or less sccund on the
branches, densely or loosely clustered, often
also solitary or few in the lower axils; bracts
of the involucre in ,^ or 4 series, linear-lan-
ceolate, acuminate or acute; rays white,
about 2" long.
In woods and thickets, New York and Pcnn-
sj-lvania to Kentucky.
(..I-NTS ', r.
TIIISTI.I-; lAMIIA'.
381
67. Aster vimineus I<aui. vSinall Wliite
Aster. ( l'i},\ 3801. )
A.:lfi : iiniiirii^ I.aiii. ICiu-ycl. I: ,vi*V I7!<,V
A'itcr Ti \idf^mn:i T. iS: I'., l'"l. X. A. 2: 121). i~(i.
Not I.. 175,;.
(iliilirous or nearly so tlirougliout; stem slender,
ilivergeiitly liraiielieil, 2°-5 ' HiKli. Stem Icives
linear-IaiucoLitc, entire, or with a few low teeth,
,;'-,s' long, 2"-4" wide, acnminale at the apex,
narrowed to a sessile base, those of the branches
mueh smaller; heads very nniiierons, small, ,i"-.s"
broad, 1" -\" high, generally densely raocmose-
seonnd, short-pcduf.cled; involucre broadly turb-
inate, its bracts linear, acnte or acntish, imbricated
in about ; scries, green-tip]ied, appressed; ravs
numerous, about 2" long, while; pappus white;
achencs minutely pid)escent.
In niui--l ^nil, ( Mitariii to b'lorida, ucsitu Mimicsota
and Arkan-,iv. Aug. Sept.
Aster vimineus foliolosus 1 Ail. ! A. Cirav, Svn. V\. i:
I'art J. 1.S6. iSs).
A^lcr folioloius Ail. Ilorl. Ktw. 3; im(. I7S(|.
bninchc-i ascending', very leafy; heads panir\dalc.
<c,nii.ly -ecinul, less d> ii-ely cluslcrid. Massacluisttts ic
Aster vimnieiis Columbianiis lirillou.
Minutely pubescent, 2 -4 higli, llie slender brandies ascending; leaves linear to lineardanceo-
lale, llio-e of tile --teni delle.ved; heads about i' broad; ravs red purple, IVrliaiis ailistiiicl siiecies.
Hisuicl of Coluniliia to New York.
\'ii};inia, Illinois and Misso
68. Aster niultiflorus Ail.
•V\
u
Dense-llowered .\sler. White Wreath Aster.
(Fig. 3802. )
Asli-r )inilliflonis Wi. llort. Kew. 3:20;. 17S11.
A.sler miillijtoi us var. s/i iiiiamli^ T. >S; l'.. M. X. .V. 2.
I2,v l8.|I.
Stem strict, much branched and bushy, rough-
pubescent or scabrous, i" 7^ I'i.gl'i Ihe branches
ascending or spreading. Leaves rigid, linear or
linear-oblong, entire, mostly obtuse, sessile or
slightly clasping at the base, rough and ciliate,
tlio.se of the stem jz'-i'/i' 'ong, those of the
branches very small and crowded; heads y'-.\"
broad, densely crow<led, nearly sessile, sometimes
slightly secuiul on the branches; involucre turbin-
ate, 2"-y high, its bracts coriaceous, pubescent,
in .1 or 4 series, their short green tips obtuse or mu-
cronate, spreading; rays 10-20, while, ! ',"-2" long;
pappus brownish while; achenes puberulent.
Ill dry open pl.uxs. Maine and (Uitario to the Xortli-
west Tenilovy and lirilisli Coliinibia, south to Ceorjfia,
'I'e.xasaiid .Vii/on.i. Called also l"all-ll.j\ver. Aiifj.-Xov.
Aster incanopilosus (LiiuU. ) Sheldon.
White Prairie Aster. (Fig. 3803. )
A.'/tr riiiiiii!''su.\- var. iiu\iiii>pihisiis I.iiidl. in I'C. I'rodr.
5: 24,^ iS,;().
A^lfi iiuillirtiii iisy.w. iOiiiiiiKliiliis T, >S; ('.. b'l. X. .\. 2: 1 2,s.
1--4I.
A<lrr lomniitlatus \. Cray, Syii. 1"1. I: I'art 2, iS.s. iSS4.
.). i)uaiiof'i!(tsiis .Slieldon, lUiU. Torr. Club, 20: 2SI1. iSo;.
Similar to the preceding species, except in the in-
florescence, the stem rough-pubescent, or sometimes
nearly glabrous, i '2^-2!^° high, with ascending or di-
vergent branches. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, ob-
tuse, entire, sessile or slightly clasping at the base,
those of the stem \'-},' long; heads larger than those
of . /. Diullitlorus, 6"-S" broad, involucre ,i"-4" high,
its bracts squarrose-tipped and sometimes foliaceous;
rays 2'3-5,o, about y long.
On prairies and alotiR rivers. Northwest Territory lo
western Nebraska and Texas, west to Oregon, flali and
New Mexico. .^ug.-Oct.
!
3^2 CnMI'OSITAI'.
Aster tenuifolius I.. Perennial Salt-marsh
[\-.>i.. III.
\st(.'r. ( I''ig. 3804. ;
.IvVc;- /(■i--;///ii//'/i.v I,. Sp. ri. 87;. i7,s,(.
A^ln- /lexii,isii\ Null, (kii. 2: 151. iSiS,
reretinial, j^labrous and (Ifsliy; stem flexiupus,
striate, at Itasl when dry, s])ariii);ly and loosely
branched, 1° j' liinli. Stem leaves linear, en-
tire, acnlc, sessile or partly clasjiin^' at the base,
the lowest laiu'eolate-lincar, j'-h' loni;, 2"-y"
wide, those of the branches minute, Ijracl-like,
appressed; heads rather few, (■>"-\i" broad,
tenninatinj; the branches; involucre turbinate,
about 1" high, its bracts lanceolate, acuminate
or niucronate, ^bdirous, green on the back or
tip, appressed, imbricated in about =; scries, the
outer shorter; rays numerous, longer than the
pappus, pale purple or nearly white; pappus
tawny; achenes hispid-pubescent, 5-nerved.
Ill salt marshes, coast of MaBsacliusi.tl- in l'"iiir
id.i. Auk. Oct.
71. Aster exilis Ivll. Slim Aster.
.\.slei i-xilis lUl. Hot. S. C, S: C.a. 2: t,.\.\.
Aslir di:ai i,a/ii.i T. N: t'>. I'l. N. A. 2: 16.5.
1.S2(.
1S41.
Not I,
Annual, glabrous, fleshy; stem slender, usually much
branched, the branches usually divergent. Leaves linear
to linear-lanceolate, i'-.)' long, l"-2N" wide, entire,
sessile, acute or acuminate, or the lowest narrowly ob-
long, y-.\" wide and pctioled, those of the branches
subulate; heads numerous, panicled, about 5" broad; in-
volucre cainpannlate, about 3" high, its bracts linear-
subulate, appressed, imbricated in ,; or 4 series; rays pur-
plish, about 2" long, mostly fewer than the disk-flowers,
louger than the j)appus; achenes somewhat pubescent.
In moist or wet soil, especially in saliiU' situations. Kansas
to Ttxas, ,Soutli Carolina and I'lorida. .\uij.-(lct.
72. Aster subulatus Michx.
Aiimial Sall-niar.sh Aster. ( FiR. 3806.)
.li/rr sii/iii/li/ks 'Itlichx. I'l. lior. Am. 2; in. is,r,.
.Is/fi- /iniYc/iii.s T. N: ('.. Fl. N. A. 2. 162. 1^41.
Not I,. '1753.
Annual, glabrous and fleshy ;stem pauiculately
branched, flexuous above, 1^-6' high, slightly
angled, sometimes i' in diameter at the base,
but usuallj- smaller. Stem-leaves linear-lanceo-
late, acute, entire, sessile by a broad or slightly
clasping base, 2'-io' long, i"-.S" wide, those of
the branches very small and subulate; heads
numerous, ^''-5" broad; involucre campanulate,
W.% or at length heniisi^heric, 2"-3" high, its bracts
''"'^~ liuear-subulate, green, imbricated in ;, or 4 series,
the outer shorter; rays 20-30, purplish, scarcely
exceeding the nearly white pappus, more numer-
ous than the disk-flowers; achenes compressed,
minutely pubescent.
In salt marshes, coast of New Hani]ishiif tu
l''lorida. Aug.-Nov.
Ol.Nl'S
•1
IIIISTI.I' I'AMIIA'.
I'.
I'l.ir-
]
/ ,/
1 >iJ,v
1<4I.
32. LEUCELENE (Ireeiie, Pittoiiia, 3: 147. 1896.
Low jicreiinial licrlis, witli much liraiiclicd k-afv stt'tns, sessile, rntlier riniil, Uiirrowciilin'
leaves anil small heads of both tubular ami radiate whitu (lowers, solitary at the ends of the
numerous slcndiT hrauchlcts, involucre tuthinate, its hracts well imhricateil. Disk-flowers
perfect, their coroll.is white, tuhularfniiuclform, s-toothed. Kay-llowcrs numerous, wliite,
or drying rc<l to rose, ])istillate. Style api)endages acutish, Aiheiies elongated, llattencd,
liispidulous. I'ajipus a single series of slender rough white bristles. |(ircck, referring to
the white disk.]
iif till siiiitlnvisteni Slates and Mcxim,
Rose Heath Aster.
(FiR. :,8o7.)
sliire to
I )iie speeics. or more, ii;itiv<-
I. Leucelene ericoides ('roir. ) Greene.
/iiiildi}) iriioh/iwTiixr. Ann. I,ye. N. N'. 2: 2\j. i8jS.
A^lt I fi iau'/'nliii^ kotlirocU, Hot. C.az. 2: 7.1. IS;;.
/. niciiriir niiniitis Cwi:ni:, I'ittonia, 3: 1)8. iStw.
.Stems tufted from deep woody roots, corymbosely
much branched, /- 12' high, hispid or scabrous,
the t)rauche.screct or cliifuse. Leaves hispid-ciliatc,
erect, or slightly spreailing. obtnsish or mucronu-
late, the lower and basal ones spatulate, ,'/'-<<"
long, tapering into short petioles, the upper ses-
sile, linear or linear-spatnlatc; heads terminating
the branches, 5"-.S" broad; involucre broadly tur-
binate, its brails lanceolate, apprcssed, scarious-
margined, imbricated in ,i or 4 series; rays 12-15,
while to rose, j"-.)" long,
III dry soil, westeiii Nebniska to K.insas, Texas and
Mexico, west to California. May .Xng.
33. BRACHYACTIS Ledcb. Fl. Ross. 2: 495. 1846.
Annual, nearly glabrous, somewhat llcsliy lierbs, with narrow chiefly entire leaves, and
small racemose or racemose-paniculate heads of tubular, or also radiate puriilish flowers. In-
volucre campatinlato. Central flowers of the head few, perfect, their narrow corollas 4-5-
toothed; outer flowers pistillate, usually in 2 series or more, and more numerous than the
perfect ones; style-appendages lanceolate; rays very short, or none. Achenes 2- vnerved,
slender, appressed-pubescent. I'appus a single series of nearly white bristles. [Cireek.
short rays.]
Abimt 5 spicies, iialivis of wcstirti Nortli -Anurici and iiortliern .Asia.
I. Brachyactis angtistus (I.iiKll.) Hritton. Rayless Aster. ( Fi^. 3S0S. )
V'l i/m/iiiiil il 11;^ II si Kin I.indl,; Hook. 1"1. Hor. .\\n. 2,
'5. KS34.
Asler aiii;i(.slus T. N: ('■. l''l. N. .\. 2; 162. 1S41.
Stem usu.dlj' sparselv pubescent, at least above,
racemosely or rarely jjaniculately branched, 6'-24'
high, striate, at least when dry. Leaves linear,
fleshy, ciliate on the margins, acutish, entire, sessile
by a rather broad base, the basal (when present)
spatulate; heads 4"-6" broad, racemose on the as-
cending branches, or terminating them; involucre
campanulate or nearly hemispheric, 2 "-3" high,
its bracts linear or liuear-oblong, somewhat foli-
aceous, green, acute or obtuse, imbricated in 2 or 3
series, glabrous or slightly ciliate, nearly equal ;
rays none, or rudimentary; pappus soft and copious.
In wet saline soil, or soinctinics in waste places,
Minnesota to tlie Northwest Territory, Itah and Colo-
rado. I'Ound also about Chicago. July-Sept.
384
CoMI'oSlTAi;.
LVoi,. III.
34. MACHAERANTHERA NVos, ('.en. iV Sp. Ast. 2:4. 1832.
\iiiiii.il, liifiitiiiil 01 ])C'rL'iiiiiaI hrMMclu'il IutIis, willi liMly xtfiiis, ;iltrrii;iU', iiidsIIv siTiatc or
liiiituitiliil liMvcs, tlif U'clh or lobes usually liristlo-lippod, aii<l lar^o lii-ailsof lioth Uilnilar ami
radiate (lowers. InvoliUTf of iniiiicrous series of iiiiUrii'ated ciiiicsieiil or ).;lanilidar lirai'ts
willi lierbai'eous or foliai'Cous spreading; or appressed lips. Kcceplai'lc alveolate, the alveoli
iisu.illy toothed or lacerate. Kay llowers mmieroiis, violet to red or purple, pistillate. 1 lisk
flowers ])crfect, their corollas liihiilai, s-h)hed, yellow, ehaiii^inii to red or brown; .iiithers
e\scrtC(l, append. i,i.;eil at the tip, rounded at the base; style-ap|)endaj;is subulate to lauico-
latc. .V'.'licnes turbinate, narrowed below, pubescent. Tajipus of numerous still' roii).;h un-
ec|ual bristles, [('.reek, sickl.'-anther. |
Abdiil IS species, natives of ui—tirti N'mtli Auuriea.
AuiUKil 111 biennial; leaves piniiatniil. 1. .1A liiiti<'i'li/',>li(i.
I'ereiitiial Ml biennial; le.ives sharply ■•in lU . J. .1/. u'.ssi/i/lin ,i.
I. Machaeranthcra tanacetifolia (Il.Ii.K.) Xees.
I >aoi,'cr-llii\vcr. ', Imr. 3S09. )
Taiisv .\stcr.
Ast.
.■\s/i-i Uiiiaciiifnliii-. il.li.K Nov. Cm. S|i. 4;'/S
iMtitliiiiiiiiillicia lannttlii'olia Nies, (leii. N: S|i
225- 1^.^-'-
.\nnual or biennial; stem nl:iiidular-]mlHSccnt,
often viscid, densely leafy, inucli branched ami
bushy, 1 2° hi.uh. Leaves sessile, or sliort-jieti-
oled, pubescent, the lowest I'-j' lou),', 2-,VI'iiinati-
lid, their lobes linear or oblong, acute or inueron-
ato, the upper pinn.ililid, those of the branches
S(nnetinies entire; licads numerous, corynib<ise-
])anicul.ite, 1' 2' broad; involucre hemispheric,
.\" 6" hinh, its bracts linear, glamlular, imbricated
in 5-7 .scries, their j,'reen tips very siiuarrose; rays
15-25, violet-purple, 5" s" louu, ]).ippus copious.
tawnv; achenes villous.
In dry '•oil, Nebraska t.
Calitornia. June .Auu.
Tix.is ,uul Ml
2. Machaeranthcra sessiliflora (Xtitt.)
(iixciic. X'iscid .\slor. ( Imj;. ^Sio. )
liifli-ria '( f'i/if/.'id Null. Tiiin>. .\m. I'hil. .Soc, 7, vi.
LS),,.
Afaclineiunlliri It m-\^i/i//iii 17 (Iritne, IMttmiiii, 3: ("m.
iSo').
Stem usually stout, finch rouj,'h-pubescciit or
canescent, branched, iv\ visciil-glandular above,
1 -2 higli. Leaves l.nnceolate, linear, or the lowest
spatulate. sessile, somewhat viscid, sharply incised-
deutate, the larger i' ,-/ long, the teeth bristle-tip-
))ed; heads numerous, racemose, or corymbose above,
I'-'Jz' broad, the lower often nearly sessile; invo-
lucre liroailly turbinate or liemispheric, -("-ii"high,
its l)racts acute, inil;ricated in '1 10 series, their tips
strongly squarrose; rays numerous, violet, 4"-t<"
long; pappus copious; achenes narrow, appressed-
pubescent.
In dry soil, central and western Nebraska. Has been
referred to .-ts/rr taiiCHiiis. ]uly-t)ct.
35. ERIGERON L. Sp. PI. 863. 1753.
Uranching or sciipose herbs, with alternate or basal leaves, an<l corymbose, paniculate or
solitary, peduncled heads, of both tubular and radiate (rarely all tubular ) flowers. Involucre
hemispheric or campanulate, its bracts narrow, nearly equal, imbricated in but i or 2 scries
iu oui species. Receptacle nearly flat, usually naked. Ray-flowers, in our species, white,
violet or purple, pistillate. Disk-flowers yellow, tubular, perfect, their corollas mostly 5-
lobcd. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base. Stvle-hranches more or less flattened, their
T 7f
<'il.Ni s ;,5 ]
TIIISTLI'; lAMIIA'.
385
"i
tippeiiilH};cs short, mostly rounded or obtuse. Aclicncs flattened, usually 2.nerved. I'appus-
liristlcs fra^;ik', -.lender, scabrous or ilenticulate, in I scries, or often on additional outer
sliorter series. |i Ireek, early-old, alliidiii){ to the early hoary pappus.]
A Ktiuis nf sonii' 1 VI species, of wide KeoKrapliie distrilmlimi, mi)>.l abundaiil ill tlie New World.
Ill ulilitinti 1(1 tlie rolliiwinif, aliuut m others nccur in tile sniiilieiii and western parts of Notlli
.Vineric.i.
Raya Iohk. narruw, uaually equalling or longer than the diameter of the diak.
I Stem 1 10' hiifli, si'iiple, leafy; liead solit.iry; involucre woolly. I. A", niii/li'iits.
f I .Stem 4'-,V' liiRli, leafy, usually branched; invcdncre hirsute or ({lalirous.
1. Knots perennial, thick and woody,
lleails I -J hroad; leaves lanceolate, ovate, olilotiK, or spatulate.
Kays violet or inirjile; stem leaves ovate, laiueol,ite, or oblong,
.Stem leaves linear lanceolate, the upper miK-h smaller.
Stem-leaves ovate lanceol.ite, the upper littK smaller.
Kays mostly white; stem-leaves linear or liiiearoblon|{.
Heads '.'1' hroad; leaves linear,
riaiits hirsute or caiicseent; pappus double; western species,
.Stem hirsute; aclienes pubescent ; llowers white.
Stem apiiressed-canescent; aclienes (jlalinnis; llowers purple 01 white. 6.
I'lant nearly glabrous; jiappus simple ; northern 7.
2. I'erennial by <leciimbent rooting stems or stolons. S. A", jlagellaris.
3. Roots annual or biennial, libroiis; plants often perennial by olTsets.
,S.
A", asftfr,
A', ui/i/riiifrvi'i
E. cafspilnsHs.
E. pumilis.
E. mil us.
E. /ivufifii/tiliifi
9, E. pulchellHs.
10. E. PItilaJelphicus.
It. E. dive>xens.
12. E. Hi'tlidiaslnim.
I J. E. a nun us,
14. A'. ftllllllSHS.
Is. E. zvinus.
Heads r 1 '.' broad, few; stem simple; eastern.
Heads '. i' broad, nunierous; stem branched.
Ka>s liiij 15(1, narrow, mostly jjurple or violet.
I'appus simple; jilant erect, corymbosely branched.
Pappus double; plant diffusely branched, western.
Kays much less numerous, imrplish or white.
riaiits (■)' 12' liiKli, dilTuse, western; pappus simple.
I'lants r -3 liiKli. erect, corymbosely branched; pappus double
Stemleaves lanceolate, nearly all sharply serrate.
Stem-leaves linear lanceolate or oblong, nearly all entire.
f t t .Stem lealless or nearly so; iuads ' ' broad, corymbose,
■!<• ■::- Rays inconapicuous or short; a row of tubular pistillate Howera inside the row of rays
16. A", ao IS.
I. Erigeron unifldrus I.,. Arctic Krigeroii.
(Fig. 381 1.)
El if;eioii iiniflorus I,. Sp. PI. 864. 1753.
I'erenuial by short branching rootstocks; stctns slender,
single or tufted, more or less pubescent, simple, erect, I'-io'
higli. Basal leaves petioled, spatulate, obtuse, entire, i'-2'
long; stem-leaves sessile, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, en-
tire, acute or obtuse; head solitary, peduncled, H'-i' broad;
rays about uio, purple or purplish, 2"-4" long; involucre
hemispheric, its bracts linear-lanceolate, acute, copiously
woolly; pappus simple.
W Labrador and Arctic America to .\laska, south in the Rocky
Mountains to Colorado and in the Sierra Nevada. .Mso in Kurope.
Summer.
2. Erigeron asper Nutt. Rough
Erigeron. (Fig. 3812.)
Eiigeroii asper Nutt. Oen. 2: 147. 1818.
Eiififioii .i^lahellus Nutt. Inc. cit. 1818.?
Perennial by a woody root; stem simple, or
branched above, more or less pubescent, sometimes
hirsute, 6'-24' high. Leaves glabrous, pubescent
or ciliate, entire, the basal ones spatulate, obtuse,
2'-4' long, 3"-i' wide, narrowed into margined
petioles; stem leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate, obtuse or acute, the upper smaller;
heads several or solitary, slender-peduncled, i'-2'
broad; involucre hemispheric, its bracts linear,
acute, hirsute or pubescent; rays 100-150, very
narrow, violet, purple, or nearly white, 4"-7"
; pappus double, the outer row of bristles much shorter than the inner.
dry soil, Minnesota to Nebraska, west to the Northwest Territorj-, I'tah and New Mexico.
-.Sept. 2,5
long
In
June
386
CO.Ml'OSITAE.
[Vor.. in.
3. Erigeron subtrinervis Rydberg.
Three-nerved Fleabane. (Fig. 3813.)
A"( 11:0011 iilabi-lliisvwx. mollis .\. Cirav, I'loc. Aciul.
I'liila. 1863: 6.1, iS{'i.(. Nut E. iii'olli^ ]). Don,
l!Si)2.
]:rif;,-ioii .■iuhlfhtervis Ryilbcrff, Mcin.Torr. Club,
5:' ,-,28. 1S94.
Similar to the preceding species, perennial by
a woody root, finely pnbescent all over. vStenis
leafy to the inflorescence; leaves entire, thin,
the basal and lower ones oblanceolatc to oblong,
obtuse or acute, petioled, the upper lanceolate
or ovate-lanceolate, sessile or [somewhat clasp-
ing, acute, rather distinctly ,^-nerved; heads
i'-i%' broad, corymbose, or rarely solitary; in-
volucre hemispheric, hirsute; rays numerous,
blue to pink; pappus double, the outer bristles
very short.
vSoutli Dakota to Nebraska and I'tah.
4. Erigeron caespitosus Xutt.
Tufted Ivrigeron. (Fig. 3814.)
Di/>topa(>f>us canescens Hook. I'l. Hor. \m. 2: 2J.
iS,v(. Not K. canescens WilUl. 1S04.
En'pcroii cacsf'ilosus Niitt. Trans. Am. I'liil. Sue.
(il,)7:.S07. 1S41.
Perennial by a deep root; stems tufted, canes-
cent, simple, or branched above, 6'-i2' high.
Leaves canescent or pubescent, entire, the lower
and basal ones petioled, narrowly oblanceolate
or spatulate, obtuse or acutish, i'-3' long; stem
leaves linear or linear-oblong, acute or obtuse,
sessile, the upper gradually shorter, heads soli-
tary or several, short-peduncled, I'-i^'i' broad;
involucre hemispheric, its bracts lanceolate or
linear-oblong, acute, canescent; rays .10-60, 3"-
6" long, white or pinkish; pappus double, the
outer series of bristles very short.
In dry soil, JIanitolia and the Northwest Terri-
tory to Nebraska 1 according to Webber 1, New
Mexico and California. June .\ug.
5. Erigeron pCimilus Nutt. Low luigeron.
(^■ig.38i5-)
ICriorioii f>ii>niliis Null. Gen. 2: 1.(7. 1818.
I't.ennial by a deep root; stems tufted, hirsute,
slender, simple, or branched, 4'-io' high. Leaves en-
tire, liirsute, the lower aiul basal ones narrowly spatu-
late or linear, petiolvd, obtuse or acutish, I'-l' long,
l"-2 ' wide; stem leaves linear, sessile, ,'2'-2''' long,
acute; heads solitary or several, 6"- 10" broad, short-
peduncled; involucre hemispheric, its bracts linear,
acute, hirsute; rays 50-80, white, 3"-4" long, at
length dcflexed; pappus double, the outer row of
bristles short and, more or less intermi.ved with the
inner; achcucs pubescent.
• IlDry plains. Northwest Territory to western Nebraska,
west to liritisli Columbia, Colorado and llah. May-Sept.
■; is
Gkni's .vs.]
THISTIJ'; FAMILY.
387
6. Erigeron canus A. Gray. Hoary
J^rigeroii. (Fig. 3816.)
J:'i ii;eriiit c'liiius A. liiay, Mem, Am. .Vc.iil. ( IH 4: 67. iSjq.
rcrcniiial by a deep woody root, reseinblinj.; the
preceding species; stems slender, erect, tufted, ap-
presscd-canescent, 6'-io' high, simple, or branched
above. Leaves narrow, entire, canescent, the basal
and lower ones narrowly spatulate, petiolcd, 2' .['
long, the upper linear, sessile, acute, gradually smaller;
heads solitary, or 2-4, pcduncled, ()"-S" liroad; invo-
lucre hemispheric, its bracts linear, acute, densely
canescent; rays 4o-,su, ]>urple or white, 2"-y long;
nchenes glabrous, S-m-nerved; pappus double, the
outer row of bristles rather conspicuous.
In dry snil, wislcru Nebraska ami WyDiiiiug to Colnrado
and New Mexici). June VuK-
\^i5 -^^ •;^^
7. Erigeron hyssopifolius Michx.
IIys.sop-leaved Ivrigeroii. (Fig. 3817.)
JCrigeroii liyssopifollus MiclLv. I'l. lior. .\ni. 2: ii-;.
.-ls/fi\i,na/iiiiii/o!riisVi\rsh, V\. .\m. Sept. ,s|.s. iSi.|,
I'erennial by slender rootstocks; steins tufted
or single, very slendet, simple or branched, gla-
brous or very nearly so, 4'-l5' high. Leave nar-
row, thin, the basal and lower ones oblong or
spatulate, short-petioled, l'-i,'j' long, \}i"-2"
wide, the upper bncar or lincar-oblong.acui^, usu-
ally numerous; heads solitary or several, slendcr-
pedundcd, .^''-S" broad; peduncles appresscd
pubescent, involucre hemispheric, its bracts liu-
ear-lanceolate, sparingly pubescent; rays 2t>-3ci,
white or purplish, j"-^" long; pappus simple.
On moist clilT-i, Newfoundland to tiortlurn Ver
mont, west to tlic Northwest Territory and Lake
.Superior. July -Ann.
8. Erigeron flagellaris A. Gray.
Running F'leabatie. (Fig. 3S18.)
dl) 4: L'S. " 1649.
.\. (Iray, Mem. Am. Acad.
Appresscd-pubcscent, sometimes densely
so, perennial by decumbent rooting stems or
stolons; root slender. Stem slender, branch-
ed, the branches elongated; leaves entire,
the basal and lower ones spatulate or oblong,
obtuse or acute, i'-2' long, narrowed into
long jietioles, the u])per sessile, linear or
linearspatnlate, nuich smaller; ])eduncles
.solitary, elongated; heads about i' broad
and '4 ' high; involucre hemispheric, its nar-
row bracts pubescent; rays very inniierous,
white to pink; i)appus double, the outer
series of subulate bristles.
In moist soil, .Soulli Dakota to Colorado, ftali,
western Texas and New Me.\ieo. May July,
388
COMl'OSITAE.
[Vol. III.
9. Erigeron pulchellus Miclix.
Robin's or Poor Robin's Plan-
tain. (Fig. 3819.)
/•;. pidcheUus lliclix. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 124. iSov
Erigeron hcllijifolius Muhl.; Willcl. Sp. PI. 3:
ir)5S. lSo.(.
rereniiial by stOions and offsets, villous-
pubcscent; stems simple, slender, io'-24'
higb. nasal leaves tufted, spatulate or obo-
vate, somewhat cuncatc at the base, nar-
rowed into short margined petioles, obtuse
at the apex, I'-y long, yi'-t' wide, dentate
or serrate; stem-leaves sessile, partly clasp-
iug.oblong, lanceolate to ovate, mostly acute,
entire, or sparingly serrate; heads 1-6, slen-
der-peduncled, I'-iYz' broad; involucre
depressed-hemispheric, its bracts linear,
acuminate, villous; rays numerous, violet or
purplish, .;"-"" long; aclienes nearly gla-
brous; pappus simple.
On hills and banks, Nova Scotia to Ontario
and Minnesota, south to Florida and Louisiana.
Called also Rose Petty, Robert's Plantain and
Hlue Spring Daisy. April-June.
10. Erigeron Philadelphicus L,.
Philadelphia Fleabane. Skevish.
(Fig. 3820.)
J-'rigeron IViiladelphicus L. Sp. PI. S63. 1753.
Terennial bj' stolons and offsets, soft-pubes-
cent or sometimes nearly glabrous; stems slen-
der, mostly branched above, i°-3° high. Basal
and lo'ver leaves spatulate or obovate, obtuse,
dentate, i'-^' long, narrowed into short petioles;
upper stem-leaves clasping and often cordate at
the base, obtuse or acute, dentate or entire;
heads several or numerous, corymbose-panicu-
late, 5"-i2" broad, slender- peduncled; pedun-
cles thickened at the summit; involucre de-
pressed-hemispheric, its bracts linear, usually
scarious-margined; rays 100-150, i"~i/' long,
light rose-purple; pappus simple; achcnes pu-
berulent.
In fields and woods, tlirouKliout North .Vnierica
except the extreme no;th, hut locally rare. Buds
drooping-. Called also Sweet Scabious and Daisy
Fleabane. April-.\ug.
II. Erigeron divergens T. & G.
Spreading Fleabane. (Fig. 3821.)
Erigeron divergens T. & G. Fl. N. A. 1: 175. 1841.
.Annual or biennial, diffusely branched, i>'-\z'
high, densely cinereous-pubescent or hirsute.
Basal and lower leaves spatulate or oblanceolate,
acute or obtuse, mostly petioled, entire, dentate
or lobed, \'~2' long, 1"-%" wide, the upper ses-
sile, linear or narrowly spatulate, usually acute,
gradually smaller; heads slender-peduncled, 8"-
12" broad, usually numerous; involucre hemi-
spheric, about 1" high, its bracts linear, acute,
hirsute or canesccnt; rays about 100, purplish,
violet or nearly white, i"-^" long; pappus double,
the short outer row of bristles subulate.
In moist soil, Montana to Nebraska, Texas and
Jlexico. west to V'ashington and California. April -
Sept.
Gkms ;i5.]
TIIISTLK FAMILY.
12. Erigeron Bellidiastrum Nutt.
Western Daisy Fleabane. (Fig. 3822.)
Krii;eio)i HfUiiliasli ion Null. Trans. Am. Phil. .Soc. ill i
7:307. 1S41.
.Annual, much branched, 6'-i$' hi^h, cinereous-
pubescent throughout. Leaves entire, lincar-spalulatc,
the lower and basal petiolcd, l'-l,!j' long, the upper
sessile and smaller; heads several, or numerous, 5"-S"
broad; involucre hemispheric, about 2" high, its
bracts linear, hirsute, acute; rays 30-65, purplish,
about 2" long; pappus a single series of capillary
bristles.
In moist soil, Nebraska and Kansas to Texas. Mav-
July.
In fields, Nova Scotia to the Northwest ., , .
Naturalized in continental Europe. Also called Daisy Fleabane. May-Nov
13. Erigeron annuus (L. ) Pens.
Sweet Scabious. (F'ig. 3823.)
Asler ainnnis L. Sp. I'l. S75. 1753.
Epigcroii amiuiis IV-rs. Syn. 2: .(,51. 1S07.
Annual, sparingly pubescent with spreading
hairs; stem erect, corymbosely branched, i°-4°
high. Leaves thin, the lower and basal ones
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, mostly obtuse, pctioled,
usually coarsely dentate, 2'-6'long, i'-;,' wide, the
upper sessile or short-petioled, lanceolate, oblong,
or linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, mostly
sharply dentate in the middle, those of the branches
narrower and often entire; heads rather numerous,
5"-7" broad, mostly short-peduncled; bracts of
the hemispheric involucre somewhat hispid; rays
40-70, linear, white, or commonly tinged with pur-
ple, 2'''-4'''' long; pappus double, the inner a series
of slender fragile deciduous bristles, often wanting
in the ray-flowers, the outer a persistent series of
short, partly united, slender scales,
ferrilory, south to Virgfinia, Kentucky and Missouri.
14. Erigeron ramosus (Walt.) B.S.P.
Daisy Fleabane. (Fig. 3824.)
Doroniciim ramosiim Walt. Fl. Car. 205. 17S8.
A", sirisiosiis Muhl. ; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1956. lAi).
Eiit^eroii ramosus B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 27. i»8S.
Resembles the preceding species, but is usu-
ally lower and the pubescence more appressed.
Stem-leaves linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate,
nearly all of them entire; basal and lowest spat-
ulate or oblong, usually serrate; bracts of the
involucre glabrous or nearly so; pappus similar
to that of the preceiling; rays white, or some-
times purplish, occasionally minute or wanting.
In fields, Nova Scotia to the Northwest Territory,
south to Florida, Louisiana and Te.x.is. May-Nov.
Erigeron ramosus Beyrichii iF. & JI. ) Smith iS: Pound,
Bot. Surv. Neb. 2: u. i8<y.
Sleiiaclis Ilevricliii V. &. M. Index' Sent. Hort.
Petrop. 5: iS^S.
Stem more slender; leaves narrower; heads
smaller; pubescence minute. Georgia to Nebraska
and Texas.
390
COMPOSITAE.
[Vol.. III.
15. Erigeron vernus (L.) T. & (i.
liarly Fleal)ane. (Fig. 3825.)
Asler :i'i iii/s I.. Sp. PI. S76. 1753.
iiuiiiiaii/i\ Miclix. Fl. Hor, Am. 2
1803.
■einiii T. iS: G. V\. X. .\. 2: 176.
I2(.
1S41.
Perennial t)y stolons and ol'tsf ts; stem slender,
simple or branched above, glabrous, or the
branches pubescent, i°-2ji° high. Leaves
mainly in a liasal rosette, glabrous, obovate,
oval or spatulatc, obtuse, repand-denticulate or
entire, 2'-Y long, narrowed into margined pet-
ioles; stem-leaves mostly reduced to subulate-
lanceolate scales, the lowest sometimes spatu-
latc or oblong; heads not numerous, corymbose,
peduncled, about 5" broad ; involucre hemi-
spheric, its bracts linear-subulate; rays 2o-,^o,
white or pink, a"-^" long; pappus simple;
achcncs usually 4-nerved.
In marshes ,inii moist soil, Virginia to Florida and
Louisiana. April-JIay.
16.
Blue or Bitter
3.S26.)
Erigeron acris L.
Fleabaiie. (Fig
Eiiffoon an is I,. Sp. I'l. 86j. 175.1.
Biennial or perennial; stem hirsute-i)ubescent
slender, simplf-, or branched above, 6'-iS' high.
I,e; 'es pubescent or glabrous, entire, the basal and
lower ones spatulate, mostly obtuse, i '-3' long,
petiolcd, those of the stem mostly oblong or oblan-
ceolate, obtuse or acutish, sessile, shorter: heads
several or numerous, racemose or paniculate, pe-
duncled, i"-f^" broad; involucre hemispheric, its
bracts linear, hirsute; rays numerous, purple,
equalling or slightly exceeding the brownish pap-
pus; tubular pistillate flowers fdiform, numerous;
pappus simple or nearly so, copious.
Labrador to Btitish Columbia, south in tht' Rocky
Mountains to Colorado and ttali. .Msoin Kuropeand
Asia. July-Auif.
Erigeron acris Droebachianus id. l-'. Mueller) lilytt,
Norg. Fl. i: 562. 1S61.
I'.iif;eron Dioebachiaitns O. F. Mueller. Fl. Dan. />/. Sj4.
Fsually taller and less pubescent, orglabrate; involucre nearly glabrou;
western Ontario, Alaska, British Columbia and Colorado. Also in Furope.
Erigeron Acris debilis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. i: Part 2, 220. 1884.
Slightly pilose-pubescent, very slender, heads few. Range of the last.
36. LEPTILON Raf. Am. Month. Mag. 2: 268. 1818.
[C.\EN-OTU,s Raf. Fl. Tell. 2: 50. 1S36.]
Annual or biennial herbs, with small racemose thyrsoid or panicled heads of white 'low-
ers, the rays small, usually shorter than the diameter of the disk, or none. Involucre mostly
campanulatc, its narrow bracts in 2 or 3 series. Receptacle naked. Ray-flowers pistillate;
disk-flowers perfect, their corollas usually 4-lobed or 4-toothed, the anthers obtuse at the base;
style-branches somewhat flattened, their appendages short, .\chenes flattened. Pappus of
numerous simple fragile bristles in i scries. [Greek, referring to the small heads.]
.\bout 20 species, natives of Amirica and Asia. He.-.ides the following, 2 or 3 others occur in
the southwestern I'nited States and one is naturalized from Asia on the soutlierii Atlantic avd Pacific
coasts.
s. New Hruiiswick to
-f
Cenus 3').]
THISTIJC FAMILY.
39t
I2t-
1. Leptilon Canadense (L.) Britton.
Horse-weed. Canada Fleabane.
(Fig. 3827.)
JCn'geroii Canadensis L. Sp. I'l. S63. 1753.
Stem hispid-pubesfent, or glabratc, 3'-io°
high, the larger plants paniculatcly much
branched. Leaves usually pubescent orciliatc,
the basal and lower spatulate, pctioled, incised,
dentate or entire, I'-Y long, obtuse or acutish,
those of the stem linear and mainly entire;
heads usually very numerous; about 2" broad;
involucre campanulate, i"-i'i''' high, its
bracts linear, acute, glabrate, the outer shorter;
rays numerous, white, shorter than the pappus
and mostly shorter than their tubes.
In fields and waste places, a comtnoti weed
throughout North America except the extreme
nortli. Widely distributed as a weed in the Old
World and in South .\nierica. Called also hutter-
weed, Prideweed, I'ireweed, lilood stauiicli.Cow's-
or Colt's tail, Hitter weed. Juiie-Nov.
>a
*«i
■^I
*^^^l
2. Leptilon divaricatum (Michx.) Raf.
Low Horse-weed. Purple Horse-weed.
(Fig. 3828.)
En'ncroii diz\irica/iis Miehx. Fl. I!or. \m. 2: 123. 1*0,5.
Leptilon diiat icatiimTi.7sX. I'l. Tell. 2: 2(15. I'^iS.
Stem dilTnsely much branched, 3'-i2' high, pubes-
cent or hirsute. Leaves all linear or subulate, entire,
4"-i2"' long, about ]z" wide, the uppermost minute;
heads numerous, about 2" broad; involucre campanu-
late, \" high, its bracts linear, acute, pubescent, the
outer shorter; rays purplish, shorter than their tubes.
In .sandy soil, especially alongr rivers, Indiana to Minne-
sota, soutli to Tennessee, Louisiana, Nebraska and Texas.
June-Oct.
37. DOELLINGERIA Nees, Gen. & Sp. Ast. 176. 1832.
I'ereunial leafy herbs, the lower leaves reduced to scales or sheaths, the upper large,
mostly entire, acute or acuminate in our species. Rasal leaves none. Heads corymbose, usu-
ally numerous; involucre campanulate to hemispheric, its bracts imbricated in several series,
apprcssed, thin, sometimes scarious-margined, their tips not herbaceous nor foliaceous.
Receptacle foveolate. Ray-flowers white, pistillate, not very numerous. Disk-flowers per-
fect, the corolla with a slender tube abruptly expanded into a campanulate 5-lobed limb,
white to greenish in our species. Anthers obtuse at the base; style-appendages ovate to sub-
ulate I, rarely obtuse ). Achenes obovoid, glabrous, or pubescent. Pappus double, the outer
series of tmmcrous short bristles or scales, the inner .scries of long capillary bristles, some
or all of which have thickeiied tips. [In honor of Th. Dollinger, botanical explorer.]
About 4 sjiecies, natives of eastern North America.
Leaves lanceolate to ovate; lieads mostly numerous.
Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate. 1. />. uinbellala.
Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, .icute. 2. P. Iiiimilis.
Leaves, at least the lower, obovate; lieads comnionly few. 3. />. infirina.
392
COMTOSITAK.
[Vol.. iir.
I. Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.) Nees.
Tall Flat-top White Aster. ( Fig. 3829. )
Aslci iimMliTlus'^MW. I'.iinl. Diet. VA. S, No. 22. 176s..
/>ip/of'nfif)iis uin/)f/lii/iis\li.ntk. l'l.)li)r..\in. 2 22. 183.1.
/). uiiihfihitc! Net's, I'.c-M. i\: Sp. Ast. 17*^. l^.iJ.
!3teiii j{'f>'"'°"*' •"■ pubescent above, striate,
coryinbosely branched at the summit, a' S- hij;h.
Leaves lanceolate, to oblonjLt-lanccolale, ascend-
iuKi glabrous above, usually pubescent on the
veins beneath, membranous, acuminate at the
apex, narrowed at the base into short ]ietioles, or
the uppermost sessile, hispid-!narj;iiieil, those of
the stem 5'-6'long, N'-i' wide; heads numerous,
6"-io" broad, in terminal compound corymbs;
involucre broadly campanulale or hemisphtric,
I }i"-2" high, its bracts lanceolate, usually pubes-
cent or ciliate, acutish or obtuse, iml)ricated in 3
or 4 series, the outer shorter; rays m 15, white;
style-appendages ovate, acute; pappus nearly
white; achcncs nerved, slightly pubescent.
• In nioisl soil, Newfoundland to Gi.ornia. west to the
Northwest Territory, MicliiKan and .\rkansas. ]uly-(>ct.
Doellingeria umbellata piibens (.■K. dray) liritton.
Aslei uvibellatiii var. fiuheiis A. Gray, Syn. I'M. i: I'art 2, 197. 1S84.
Under leaf-surfaces pubescent. Miciiigan to the Norlliwest Territory.
2. Doellingeria humilis (Willd. ) Britton.
Broad-leaved Flat-top White Aster.
(Fig. 3830.')
Asler humilis Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 203S. 1804.
D. annxdaliiia Nees, Gen. iS: Sp. Ast. 179. IJ<32.
Asler iimhellatus var. /a/i/oliiis H. Grav, Syn. Kl. i:
Part 2, 197. 1S84.
Similar to the preceding species, usually lower,
seldom over 4° high. Stem striate, corymbosely
branched above, glabrous, or somewhat pubescent.
Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, rather firm, ses-
sile, or the lower very short-petioled, acute or
short-acumiuate at the apex, narrowed, or some-
times rounded at the base, rough-margined, those
of the stem i'-3' long, Jj'-z'' wide, inflorescence
as in D. umhellafa ; pappus dirty white; achenes
.somewhat pubescent.
In moist soil, southern New Jersey and Pennsylva-
nia to Florida and Texas. July-.Sept.
3. Doellingeria infirma (Michx.)
Greene. Cornel-leaved Aster.
(Fig. 3831.)
Aslei ill fi I mils '^lichx.'PX. lior. .Viu.2: io<i. iSo^.
Diplopappus loi iiifoliits I.ess. ; Darl. I'"l. Ce,>-tr.
474- is.r-
D. tiifirma Greene, Pittonia, 3: ,>2. iSq'j.
Stem slender, glabrous, or roughish above,
sparingly branched at the summit, terete,
i>2°-3° high. Leaves entire, hispid-mar-
gined, glabrous above, sparingly hispid on
the veins beneath, the lower obovate, small,
obtuse, usually .sessile, the upper larger, ob-
long-lanceolate, acute, 2'-5' long, I'-i'j'
wide; heads few, about 1' broad, in a diver-
gently branched terminal corymbose cluster;
involucre broadly campanulate, 1"-}," high,
its bracts oblong-lanceolate,obtuse, sparingly
pubescent, imbricated in about 4 scries, the
outer much shorter; rays s-15, white; style-
appendages subulate; pappus tawny; achenes nerved, glabrous.
In dry, usually rocky soil, Massachusetts to New York, Pennsylvania and Tf nnessee. .Vuif.-Sept.
Genv-s ,vS.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
393
38. lONACTIS Greene, Pittonia, 3: 245. 1S97.
Low, mostly branching, perennial herbs with numerous narrow entire 1 -nerved leaves,
anil rather large and showy heads of tubular and radiate flowers terminating the stem and
branches. Basal leaves none. Involucral bracts coriaceous, imbricated in several series, ap-
pressed, their tips not herbaceous. Kay-flowers normally violet, pistillate. Disk-flowers
perfect, the corolla with a campanidate limb. Achcnes villous. Pappus double, the inner
series of long capillary bristles, the outer much shorter. [Greek, violet rays.]
Tliric known specius, natives of North .America.
I. lonactis linariifolius (Iv. ) Greene. Stiff or Savorv-leaved Aster.
(Fig. 3832.).
Aslei Unarii/(ilius\,. Sp. PI. 874. i/.s-j.
Di/ilo/ia/'fius/iiiani/o/itisllooii. I'l. Hor. .\in.2;2i. iS.vt-
/oiiaclis Ihtayit/oliiis Greene, Pittonia, 3: 245. 1897.
Stems tufted, stilT.puberulent or scabrous, very leafy,
corymbosely branclied above, 6'-2° high. Leaves
linear or spatulate, spreading, i-nerved, rigid, entire,
rough, usually ciliolate on the riargins, mucronulate,
cj"_i S" long, i"-2" wide, sessile, those of the branches
much smaller and somewhat appressed; heads several,
terminating the branchlets, about 1' broad; involucre
broadly turbinate, its bracts lin. ir-lanceolate, keeled,
green on the back, appressed,imbricated in 4 or 5 series,
the inner obtuse, the outer usually acute; rays 10-15,
violet, rarely white, A"~h" long, entire, or their tips
dentate, or even laciniate; pappus bristles iu 2 series,
tawny, the outer ones setose; achenes silky.
In dry or rocky soil, Newfoundland to (Quebec and
Florida, west to Minnesota, Missouri and Te.xas. Called
also Sandpaper- or PineStarwort. July-Oct.
39. BACCHARIS L. Sp. PI. S6o. 1753.
Dioecious shrubs, with alternate leaves, and small paniculate or corymbose heads of tu-
bular flowers. Involucre campanulate in our species, its bracts imbricated in several series,
the outer shorter. Receptacle flat, naked, commonly foveolate. Corolla of the pistillate
flowers slender, that of the staminatc tubular, s-lobed. Anthers obtuse and entire at the
base. Style-branches narrow or subulate, those of the fertile flowers smooth, exserted, those
of the sterile flowers rudimentary, tipped with an ovate pubescent appendage. Achenes
more or less compressed, ribbed. Pappus of the fertile flowers copious, capillary, that of
the sterile flowers short. [Named for Racchus; originally applied to some different shrubs.]
About 275 species, all American, most abundant in South .\merica. Hesides the following, some
18 others occur ni the .southern and western United States.
Shrubs; pappus of fertile flowers in i or 2 series.
Leaves oblonp, or lance-oblong, mostly obtuse, sparingly dentate. i. />'. saliciita.
Leaves deltoid-obovate, or oblong, the lower coarsely dentate. 2. 11. halimifolia.
Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, mostly acute, sparingly dentate. },. I!, nee^lecta.
Herbaceous, from a woody base; pappus of fertile flowers in several series, 4. II. If^iiglilii.
I. Baccharis salicina T. &. G. Willow
Baccharis. (Fig. 3833.)
liacchaiis salicina T. & G. 1"1. N. A. 2: 258. 1841.
.A glabrous glutinous much-branched shrub, 3°-C)"'
high, the branches ascending. Leaves firm, oblong-
lanceolate or somewhat oblanccolate, more or less
conspicuously ^-nerved, mostly obtuse at the apex,
narrowed into a cuneate subsessile base, I'-i,'^'
long, 2"-6" wide, sparingly repand dentate, or en-
tire; heads in peduncled clusters of 1-7, the invo-
lucre of both sterile and fertile ones campanulate,
2j4"-3" bigh, its bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
acute or subacute; pappus usually but a single
series of nearly white capillary bristles.
Western Kansas and eastern Colorado to Texas.
.May-July.
394
CUMl'OSITAK.
[Vor,. III.
2. Baccharis halimifdlia L. Orouiitlsel-
tree or -bush. Pencil-tree. (FiK. 3S34.)
Jliinliaii.\ lialiiiiifolia I,, Sp. I'l. 860. I7,s,v
A l)rancliiti)fj;lal)roiis shrill), 3°-lo'' Jii>{h, tliebraiich-
lels angled, soinelinies niiiuitel y scurfy. Leaves thick,
those of the stem and larj^er branches obovate or del-
toid-obovate, obtuse, petioled, coarsely an>;ular-dcn-
tatc, i'-3' loii^, ,'i'-2' wide, those of the hranchlets
oblaticeolate, short-petiolcd or sessile, entire, or few-
tootlied toward the apex; heads in peihmcled clusters of
1-5, tliosc of the sterile plant nearly glol)ose when
young, the bracts of the involucre oblong-ovatc, ob-
tuse, glutinous, apprcssed, the inner ones of the pis-
tillate heads lanceolate, acute or acutisli; fertile pap-
pus bright white, ;/'-4" long, of 1-2 series of capillary
bristles, much exceeding the involucre.
Aliiud salt marshes mid lidal rivers, extcndini; beyond
saline influence. Massachusetts to I'lorida ami Texas. The
white pappus is very conspicuous in auluniu. Sept. -Nov.
Baccharis glomerulifolia Pers.. which has larRer heads
glomerate in tlie axils of the upper leaves, is doubtfully re-
ported from southern Virginia, but occurs alons tile coast
from North Carolina to Florida.
3. Baccharis neglecta Britton.
Linear-leaved Baccharis. (Fig. 3835.)
\ much-branched, glabrous or slightly glutin-
ous shrub, 3° high or more, the branches pan-
iculate, slender, ascending. Leaves narrowly lin-
ear to linear-lanceolate, faintly 3-nerved, .icute,
or the lower subobtusc at the apex, gradually
attenuate into a nearly sessile base, i '-3' long,
l"-3'' wide, entire, or remotely dentate or den-
ticulate, green in drying; heads in short-pedun-
cled clusters; involucre of both kinds of heads
campaniilate, 2" high, its outer bracts ovate,
acute or somewhat obtuse, the inner lanceolate,
acuminate; pappus of the fertile flowers a single
series of capillary dull-white bristles.
Nebraska to Texas and North Mexico. lias been
referred to U. anguslifolia Michx. July-Sept.
)ij:M^.
4. Baccharis Wrightii A. Gray.
Wright's Baccharis. (Fig. 3836.)
liaccliaris //'/;;§■/;//;' A. Gray.Pl. Wright, i: loi. 1852.
Herbaceous from a thick woody base, much
branched, glabrous, not glutinous, i°-3° high,
the branches straight, nearly erect, slender, stri-
ate. Leaves linear, sessile, i -nerved, entire, 3"-
12" long, y2"-i" wide; heads solitary at tl-.ccnds
of the branches, 5"-6" broad; involucre of the
sterile heads hemispheric, about 3" high, that
of the fertile ones somewhat campanulate and
longer; bracts of both involucres lanceolate, acu-
minate, with scarious margins and a green back;
pappus of the fertile flowers of several series of
tawny or purplish capillary bristles.
Western Kansas and Colorado to Texas, .\rizona
and Chihuahua, .\pril-july.
Gi;ni-s 4(1.]
TMISTLH lAMII.V.
395
40. FILAGO I,. Sp. PI. 927. 1753.
[EvAX Oaertii. Vr. 1^ Sciii. 2; ;,93. p/. /6j./.j. 1791.]
Wliite-woolly annual herbs, with ulternalc entire leaves, and small discoid clustered
heads, usually subtended by leafy bracts. Hractsof the involucre few and scarious. Recep-
tacle convex or elongated, chalfy, each chaify scale subtending an achcnc. Outer flowers
of the heads in several series, pistillate, fertile, their corollas filiform, minutely 2-4-dcntute.
Central flowers few, perfect, maiuly sterile, their corollas tubular, 4-,s-toothed. Anthers
.sagittate at the base, tlie auricles acuminate. Achenes compressed or terete. Pappus none.
[Latin ji III 1)1, a thread.]
.\I)out 1: species, natjvf- of tempcnite or warm regions of both tlie New World and the Did.
In .uUlition to the following, .^ otiicrs occur in tlie western and southwestern I'liited Slates.
1819.
I. Filago prolifera (Xutt.j JJritton.
Filago. (Fig. 3837.
Kza.v proli/cia Nutt. ; DC. Prodr. 5: 4,sr). 1836.
Diapei ia fiohfeia Xutt. Trans. \\\\. IMiil. Soe. (Ill 7:
33,S. 1S41.
J'ilago ptolifct a Hrilton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 320. iSq).
Stem simple, or branched at the base, very leafy,
j'-6' high. Leaves spatulate, obtuse, sessile, as-
cending or appressed, 4'''-S" long, i"-2'i"wi(le;
heads in a sessile leafy-bracted cluster, usually
subtended by i or several slender, nearly leafless
branches, each terminated by a similar cluster, or
these again proliferous; heads oblong or fusiform;
receptacle convex; chaff of the central sterile
flowers woolly-tipped, that of the fertile flowers
scarious, mostly glabrous.
In dry soil, Te.xas to western Kansas and .South Da-
kota, west to Colorado and New Mexico. .\pril-July,
41. GIFOLA Cass. Bull. Philom. 1819: 143.
[l'ir,.\c.o I.. Gen. PI. Rd. 5 1758. Not vSp. PI.
White-woolly herbs, closely resembling those of the preceding genus, with alternate en-
tire leaves, and small discoid glomerate heads, often subtended by leafy bracts, the clusters
proliferous in our species. Involucre small, its bracts scarious, imbricated in several series,
the outer usually tomeutose. Receptacle subulate, cylindric or obconic, chafty, each chaffy
scale near its base enclosing an achene. Outermost flowers pistillate, fertile, with filiform
corollas and no pappus, or the pappus a few rudimentary bristles; imier flowers also pistillate
and fertile, but with a pappus of capillary scabrous bristles; central (uppermost) flowers few,
perfect, their corollas tubular, their pappus capillary and scabrous. Anthers sagittate at the
base. Achenes terete or slightly compressed, [.\nagram of Filago.']
About 10 species, natives of warm and temperate regions. In addition to the following, 3 Cali-
Jornian species are probably to be referred to this genus.
I. Gifola Germanica (L.) Duinort. Cudweed.
Cotton Rose. Herba Impia. (P^ig. 3838,)
Gitaphalium Cei i>iaiiicu»i I.,. Sp. PI. 8,s7. I7,S3.
Filac^n Gei»iaiiiia I.,. Sp. PI. ICd. 2, 131 r. 1763'
Gifola Germanica Dumort. Fl. Belg. 68. 1827.
-■Annual, erect, cottony, 4'-i8' high, simple, or branched at
the base, very leafy. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, linear, or
slightly spatulate, erect or ascending, obtuse or acutish, 3"-
12" long; stem terminated by a sessile dense cluster of heads,
usually subtended by several leafy branches terniinated by
similar clusters and these often again proliferous; heads 12-
30 in each cluster, many-flowered; involucre ovoid, light yel-
low, its bracts mainly acute.
In dry fields, southern New York to Penn.sylvania and North
Carolina. Old names Downweed, Hoarwort, Owl's Crown, Chafe-
weed, Cliilding Cudweed. May-Sept.
396
COMroSITAH.
[Vui,. III.
1817.
42. PLUCHEA Cass. Bull. Philoin. 1817: 31.
Pubescent or glabrous herbs, or some tropical species shrubby, with alternate ilentate
leaves, an<l small heads of tubular flowers in terminal corymbose cymes. Involucre ovoiil,
canipanulate, or nearly hemispheric, its bracts appresscd, herbaceous, imbricated in several
series. Receptacle flat, naked. Outer flowers of the head pistillate, their corollas filiform,
3-cleft or dentate at the apc.\. Central flowers perfect, but mainly sterile, their corollas 5-
cleft. .Vnthers sagittate at the base, the auricles caudate. Style of the perfect flowers j-cleft
or undivided. .Xchenes 4-5-anj;led. I'appus a single series of ca])illury scabrous bristles.
[Named for the .\bbi.' .\. .\. I'luche, of Paris.]
.■\boiit 30 species, widely (listril)uUd in warm and Uniptiatc riKions. ■ In addition to the follow-
ing, anollicr iiuliRenous species occurs in the .soiltli western ftiited .States, and two intrcjduced ones
have been found in waste places in Florida.
Terennial; leaves sessile, cordate, or clasping at the hase. i. /'. :uci>sii.
Animal; leaves, at least those of the stem, petioled.
I.cavis .short-petioled; heads about ,V' liiK'i; involacral bracts densely pnbenilelit.
2. P. cam pint) alii.
Leaves slender petioled; heads 2"-2'. " hiyh; iiivoUicral bracts granulose, ciliate.
;,. /'. f>t'l!,'lala.
I. Pluchea foetida (L.) B.S.P.
Viscid Marsh Fleabane. (Fig. 3839.)
Bacihan's/oelida I,. Sp. PI. 861. 175;,.
Ilaccliariii'iscosa Walt. I'l. Car. 202. 17>
Pluchea hi/rons DC. I'rodr. 5: 151. 1836.
Pliiclit-a/oelida H..S.P. I'rel. Cat. N. V. 2S.
18S8.
Root perennial; stem simple or sparingly
branched at the summit, puberulent and slightly
viscid, i^°-3° high. Leaves oblong, ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, closely sessile and more or less
cordate-clasping at the base, obtuse or acute at
the apex, sharply denticulate, pubescent or pu-
berulent, 2'-4' long, yz'-iyi' wide, reticulate-
veiny; clusters of heads sessile, or stalked, com-
pact, leafy -bracted; involucre 2'i"-3" high, its
bracts lanceolate, acute, viscid-puberulcnt.
In swamps, southern New Jersey to Vlorida and
Texas, mainly near the coast. Also in the West In-
dies. July-.Sepl.
2. Pluchea camphor^ta (L.) DC. Spicy
or Salt-niarsh Fleabane. (Fig. 3840.)
Kfif^eroH camplioralum L. .Sp. PI. Kd. 2, 1212. 1763.
Pluchea campliorala DC. I'rodr. 5: 451. 1836.
Root annual; stem usually branched, finely vis-
cid-puberulent, or nearly glabrous, 2°-^° high,
somewhat channeled. Leaves ovate, oblong or
lanceolate, puberulent or glabrous, acute or acu-
minate at the apex, narrowed at the base, short-
petioled, or the upper sessile but not clasping,
3'-S'' long, I '-3' wide, serrate or denticulate, not
conspicuously reticulate-veined; heads about 3"
high, rarely leafy-bracted, mostly in naked open
corymbiform cymes; bracts of the involucre ovate-
lanceolate, or lanceolate, acute, puberulent;
flowers purplish; achenes pubescent.
In salt marshes, coast of Massachusetts to Florida,
Texas and Mexico. Also in the West Indies. Called
also Ploughnian's-wort. .\ug.-Oct.
Gl'NlS 4^!.
THI.STLI' I'AMn.V.
397
3, Pluchea petiol^ta Cass. Iiihuid Marsh
Fleabane. (l-'ig. 3841.)
J'htdiea t>ciU'lala Cass. Did. Sci. Nat. 42: 2. 1826.
I'luchcafi'ilidii l>C. I'rotlr. 5: .(,S2. iS,v>.
Similar to the preceding; species, but glabrate, usu-
ally taller, 2'j'^-4^ liijc'ii 'I's stem stout, rather
strongly chaiinelle<l. Leaves ovate-lanceolate to
oval, thin, 4'-i(i' long, xYt'-},' wide, mostly acumi-
nate at the apt'.\, cuneate-narrowed at the base, long-
pctioled, irregularly serrate; petioles of the larger
leaves .s"-i2" long; heads 2"-2 ^j" high, in terminal
anil often also a.xillary clusters; bracts of the involu-
cre granular, ciliate; acheues short-pubescent.
Ill moist -oil, (iflcn in woods, Virginia to Klorida, Illi-
nois, Missouri iuul the Indian Territory. Aug. -Oct.
43. ANTENNARIA Caertn. Krtict. & Sem. 2: 410. />/. i6j. 1791.=^=
Perennial woolly dioecious or polygamo-dioecious herbs, with alternate and basa! leaves,
and small discoid many flowered heads usually capitate, glomerate or corymbose. Involu-
cre oblong, ovoid or canipanulate, its bracts scarious, imbricated in several series, the outer
shorter, usually woolly. Receptacle convex, or nearly flat, foveolate, not chafl'y. Staminate
flowers with a truncate or minutely dentate corolla, usually undivided style and scanty pap-
pus of club-shaped smooth or minutely barbed bristles. Pistillate or perfect flowers with
tubular mostly ,s-toothed corollas, 2-cleft style, and copious pappus of capillary naked bris-
tles, slightly united at the base. .Vchenes oblong, terete, or slightly compressed. [Latin,
in allusion to the fancied resemblance of the sterile pappus to insect antennae.]
About .56 species, natives of the north temperate zone and southern South America. In addition
to the folUmintf, about a dozen others occur in tlie western parts of North America, and one in the
soutlu-rn states.
•;<- Pappus-briatles of sterile flowers with club-shaped or dilated tips.
t Plant not stoloniferous; basal leaves oblanceolale. i. .-1. Carpathica.
t+ Plants stoloniferous, growing in patches.
Basal leaves 4'' I ;j' long. i'.."-6" wide, i-ner%'ed, or indistinctly 3-nerved.
Involucral bracts of fertile heads dark brownish green, lanceolate, acute or acuminate; plant
1-4' liigli. 2. A. alpina.
Involucral bracts all light green, or light brown, with white or pinkish scarious tips.
Bracts all elliptic or oblong, mostly obtuse; plant 2' -8' high. 3. A.dioUa.
Rracts of fertile heads lanceolate, iiiostly acute.
Hasal leaves spatulate, petiole distinct; fertile plant about I ° high. 4. A. neodioica.
Basal leaves obovate or oblanceolate, without distinct petioles.
Stetu of fertile plant slender, about i^ high; stolons long and slender; basal leaves
oblanceolate. 5. A. nef;lecla.
Stems all stout, 2' -6' high: stolons short; basal leaves obovate.
6. A. campesln's.
Basal leaves mostly more than i '/ long and ;.•' wide, distinctly vnerved. 7. A. piantaginifoUa.
-A- * Pappus-bristles of sterile flowers not dilated, barbellate; plant about i' high, tufted; head solitary.
I "6. A. dimorpha.
I. Antennaria Carpathica (Wahl.) Hook.
Carpathian Ivverlasting. (Fig. 3842.)
Gnaphalium Carpiilhit:iim\\'-A\\\. Fl. Carp. 258. />/. j. 1814.
Atilennaiia Carpathica Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 329. 1833.
Plant floccose-woolly throughout, not stoloniferous; stem
2'-io' high, simple. Basal leaves oblanceolale or oblong,
obtuse oracutish at the apex, narrowed at the base into short
petioles, i'-2' long, 2"-4''' wide; stem-leaves linear, acute or
acutish, erect, the upper gradually smaller; heads in a term-
inal subcapitate cluster, or rarely solitary, 2%"-:s" broad; in-
volucre 2"-}," high, woolly at the base, its bracts brownish
purple, the inner ones of the fertile heads mostly acutish,
those of the sterile beads mainly obtuse.
In dry soil, Labrador and Anticosti to Hudson B.iy. Also in
lUiropc anil northern Asia. May-Sept.
Jim
* Text contributed by Mr. P. A. Rvdherg
398
COMI'OSITAK.
[Vol.. III.
'/'■'^
2. Antennaria alpina (L. ) tVatTtii.
Alpine Ivverlasting. (I'ig. 3H4'^. )
Gna filial i Hill ,il/iniiiin I.. Sp I'l. Hs»i, 175,;.
Aiiliiiiiiii hi alf>iii,i Ciairlti. Fr. iV Si 111 i |hi. \~^)\.
Suri'ulose by short stolons; sli-iiis lloi'cosc-wooll y,
r-4' lii(;li- Hiisal leaves usimlly tiuiiieriuis, tufU'il,
s))iituliitc or lincar-oblonn, obtuse, silvery-woolly
on both sides, or xlabrate ami j{r':cii above, 4"-ia"
loiij;; stem leaves linear and small, few, sessile,
woolly; heads in a teriir;iul ca|)ilate, or seldom
somewhat corymbose .luster, rarelv solitary, 2"-
2'." broad; involucre about 2'j" liiKh, the bracts
of the fertile heads dark brownishj»rcen, the inner
ones acute or acuminate; those of the sterile heads
lighter, brownish, broader and obtuse; achenes
){Iandular.
Labrador .iiid Arctic .■\u\frica to .\laska, south in llic
Kocky Momuains to Colorado and in lln' Sierra Ni\ ada
to California. .Vpril .\\\k.
3. Antennaria dioica ( L. ) (iaertii. Mountain Everlasting or CiicUveed.
(Kig. 3S44.)
Cnaplniliiiiii (litiiiiini I.. Hp. I'l. S.so. I7.=,v
Aiitfiinai ia dioica Gacrtn. Kr. iS: Scni. 2. (lo. />/. i'>7.
/.J- "79'-
I'loccose-woolly or canescent, surculosc, form-
iug broad patches. I'lowering stems 2'-i2' hij!h;
basal leaves spatulate or obovatc, obtuse, narrowed
into short petioles, white-canesccnt on both sides,
or sometimes green I)nt rarely >;labrons above, .4"-
15" long, i"-.\" wide; stem-leaves linear, sessile;
heads ,V-4" broad in a terminal capitate or cor-
ymbose cluster; involucre 2"-y," high, the bracts
of the fertile heads oblong, white or pink, all ob-
tuse, or the inner ones acute; those of the sterile
heads oval or elliptical, obtuse; achenes glabrous,
or minutely glandular.
Labrador and Nivvfouiulland to .Alaska, south in the
Rocky Mountains to New Mexico and .Arizona, and in
the Sierra Nevada to southern California. Also in Ivu-
rope and Asia. Called also .Moor ICverlastiiiK, Cat's-
ear, Cat's-foot, Cat's pans, Cotton weed, May Aug.
4. Antennaria neodioica Greene.
vSmaller Cat's-foot. (Fig. 3845.)
Anleniiai ia luodiiuca (ireene, Piltonia. 3: i'^4. 1S1J7.
I'loccose-woolly, with numerous stolons which
are leify throughout. .Stem of fertile plants
sleiider, about 1° high; basal leaves about l' long,
y'S" wide, broadly obovate to spatulate, i-
nerved, or indistinctly 3-nerved, white-tomentose
beneath, generally pale and glabrate above, nar-
rowed into distinct petioles; stem-leaves linear,
acute; heads loo.sely corymbose, y-.\" broad;
outermost bracts of the involucre obtuse, the rest
lanceolate, acute, or acuminate, all greenish or
brownish below, with white tips; achenes ob-
tusely 4-anglcd, granular-papillose. Sterile plant
lower, 3'-8' high; heads more densely clustered!
bracts of the involucre oblong, obtuse.
In dry shaded places, often growing with A. plaii-
lagiiiifolia, yuebec to Virginia, west to South Da-
kola. Also in ICurope ? April-July.
IL
>f
l'.i;xrs 4,v]
THISTI.K I'AMILY.
5. Antennaria neglecta dreene.
I'ifUl Cat's-foot. ( Via;. 7,H^(<. )
Aiilnniii) ill iiiiilcthi VAviWi-, l'iUiinia,3: 175. I^<i7.
Slolonil'ermis, the stolons loiiK and slender,
benriiiK siindl leaves, except at the ends, where
they are normally develoiKid. Hasal leaves oh-
1 iiiceolate, orcuneate-spatulate, Kradtially taper-
ing; to n sessile hase, without a clistinct petiole,
white-toincntose hcnenth.t^lahrate above, i -nerv-
ed; stenideaves linear; fertile plant nearly 1 hi>"h;
heads 3" -i" broad, corymbose; bracts brownish,
with white tips, lanceolate, acute; sterile plant
4'-S' hiKh, the heads densely clustered, the
bracts oblong, obtuse.
Ill In Ids and pastur( s, MaiiH' tuNcw York, Vir-
ginia anil Wisconsin. April June.
6. Antennaria campestris kydber).;;.
Prairie Cat's-foot. (Fig. 3847.)
Anlfiinai ia caiiipnli is Rydberj;, Hull. Tmr
Club, 34: ,v>4. li^O;.
Stolons short, leafy; flowerinj,' stems of
both fertile and sterile plants j'-n' high;
basal leaves obovatc-cuneale, without a dis-
tinct petiole, white-tomentose beneath, gla-
bratc above, I -nerved, or inrlistinctly 3-ncrved;
stetn-leavcs small, linear; heads ,^"-4"
broad in subcapitate clusters; bracts of the
fertile heads lanceolate, greenish below,
brownish at the middle, the ape.x white,
acute or acuminate; bracts of sterile heads
elliptic, obtuse.
On dry prairiis, Nebraska to llic .Saskatclic-
waii. JIay-Junc.
7. Antennaria plantaginifolia (I,.) Richards. Plantaiii-leaf lAcrlasting.
Mouse-ear Ivverlasting. (Fig. 3848.)
(Jiiuf>lui!iii>n /i/aii/aj^itii/d/iiiin I,. Sp. I'l. 830.
Anleiiiiai i'j filaiilaffiniti'lia Ricliards. App.
I'raiik. Journ. VA. 2, ,10. 182,^.
.[iilciiiiiiiia I'ailiiiii I'crnald, (lard. iS: I'lir, 10:
284. 1S97.
I'loccose- woolly, stoloniferons, forming
broad patches, the patches of sterile and fer-
tile jilants commonly distinct. Flowering
steins of fertile plant, 6'-!^' high; basal
leaves obovate or spatulate, or broadly oval,
obtuse, distinctly 3-ribbcd, pctioled, often
glabrate and dark green above, silvery be-
neath, 1 N'-;/long, 5"- i.S" wide; stem-leaves
sessile, obloug or lanceolate, the upper usu-
ally small and distant; heads in corymbose
or often subcapitate clusters, 4' '-5" broad;
involucre about 3" high, its bracts greenish-
white, lanceolate, acute or acutish; achcnes
minutely glandular; sterile plant smaller, 3'-
S' high ; basal h aves somewhat smaller; stem-
leaves mostly linear; heads smaller, 3'''-4"
broad; bracts oblong, obtuse.
In dry soil, especially in oinn wixuls, Labrador to Florida, west to Nebraska and Texas. Called
also .Spring or liarly Ivvcrlastiiig:, White Plantain, Pussy-tots, Ladies' Tobacco. April-June.
400
COMI'OSITAR.
LVoi,. III.
8. Antennaria dimorpha (Xutt.) T. &
G. Low Kverlasting. (Fig. 3849.)
Gnaphaliuin dln.oi filnim Null. Trans. Am. Phil.
Soo. (11)7: 405. i8(i.
A. dimoipha T. & G. I'l. N. A. 2: 4,^1. 1,843.
Tufted from a thick woody often branched
caudex, I'-l '2' hij^h. Leaves all in a basal
cluster, spatulate, white-canescent or tonientose
on both sides, obtuse or acutish, Yz'-V long,
I "-2" wide, narrowed into short petioles; heads
/ of staniiuate flowers about 3" broad and high,
; solitary and sessile among the leaves, or raised
on a very short sparingly leafy stem, with ob-
tuse or obtusish brownish involucral bracts,
those of pistillate flowers longer, their inner
bracts linear-lanceolate, acuminate; pappus of
the slamiiiate flowers slender, scarcely thick-
ened, but barbellatc at the tips, that of the pis-
tillate flowers of fine and smooth bristles.
Dry soil, Nebraska to I'tali and California, north
to Montana and British Columbia. April-June.
44. ANAPHALIS DC. Proclr. 6: 241. 1837.
Perennial white-tomentose or woolly herbs, with leafy erect stems, in our species, alter-
nate entire leaves, and small corymbose discoid heads of dioecious flowers. Involucre ob-
long to campannlp.te, its bracts scarious, imbricated in several series, mostly white, the outer
shorter. Receptacle mostly convex, not clialTy. Staminate flowers with a slender or fili-
form corolla, an undivided style, and a pappus of slender bristles, not thickened at the sum-
mit, or scarcely so; anthers tailed at the base. I'istillate flowers with a tubular 5-toothed
corolla, 2-cleft style, and a copious pappus of capillary separate bristles. Achenes oblong.
[Greek name of some similar plant.]
About .lu species, natives of the north temperate zone.
Only the following is known to occur in North America.
I. Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. &
Hook. Pearly or Large-flowered Kverla-stiiig.
(Fig. 3850.)
Gnapiialiiim niari^arilaceuni L. Sp. I'l. 850, 1753.
Atitennaiia ma>i;a>ilacfa Hook. Fl.Bor.Ani. 1:329. 1S33.
A. maigaiilacea llcnth. & Hook. (tcn. PI. 2: 303. 1873.
Stem floccose-woiilly, corymbosely branched at the
summit, leafy, i°-;,° higli. Leaves linear-lanceolate,
narrowed to a sessile base, revolute, green, but more or
less pubescent above, woolly beneath, 3'-5'long,2"-4"
wide, the lowest shorter, spatulate, usually obtuse; cor-
ymb compound, 2'-S' broad; heads very numerous,
short-pedunclcd or sessile, about 3" high, 4" broad
when expanded; involucre campauulate, its bracts
ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, finely striate, pearly white,
mostly glabrous; pappus-bristles of the fertile flowers
distinct and falling away separately.
Dry soil, Newfoundland to Alaska, North Carolina, Kansas.California and northern Asia. Adven-
tive in ICurope. Silver-leaf, Life KverlastiuR. Moonshine, Cotton-weed, None so-pretty. July-Sept.
45. GNAPHALIUM L. Sp. PI. 850. 1753.
WooUj- erect or diffusely branched herbs, with alternate leavcs, and discoid heads of pis-
tillate and perfect flowers arranged in corymbs, spikes, racemes, or capitate. Receptacle flat,
convex or conic, not chafTy, usually foveolate. Pistillate flowers in several series, their
corollas filiform, minutely dentate or 3-4-lol)cd Central flowers ])erfect, tubular, few, their
corollas 5-toothed or j-lobed- .\ntlicrs sagittate at the base, the auricles tailed. Achenes
oblong or obovate, terete or slightly compressed, not ribbed. Pappus a single series of capil-
lary bristles, sometimes thickened above, cohering at the base, or separately deciduous,
[Greek, referring to the wool.]
.\l)out IM species, widely distributed, known as Cudweed, Cotton-weed, or liverlasting.
Tall, erect; inflorescence corymbose, or paniculate; pappus bristles distinct.
Leaves sessile; plant not viscid. i. G. oh/iist'/oliuin.
Leaves sessile; jilaiit glandular viscid. a. G. llellcii.
Leaves decurrent; phiiit glandular viscid. 3. G. ifiLtii inn.
Low, diffuse; inflorescence mostly capitate; pappus bristles distinct.
I'Moccosc-wooUy; involucral bracts yellowish, ur white. 4. G. f^ilustiv.
GlCNi'S 45-]
THISTIvI' FAMILY.
401
If
a
s
AppreSsed-wooUy; invDlucral liracls l)ecomiiiK dark brown. 5.
'I'liftcd low mounteiiu lurbs; lieads few; bracts brown; i)a))i)usbristles distinct. 6.
Skndcr, simple; heads spicate; pappus-bristles united at base.
Leaves linear or laneeolatespatnlate, acute; heads about 3'
bracts dark brown; stem leaves lanceolate spatulate.
ISracts brownish tipped; stem leaves linear.
Leaves sp.itulate, ol)tnse orobtusish; beads 2" to 2
(7. ulif;innsuin,
G. supinnm.
high
high;
X. Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. Sweet
or White T^al.sain. Sweet or Fragrant
Life I'*vcrlasting. (Fig. 3851.)
<liHiplHiliiitii oblH-iifoliuin I.. Sp. PI. S51. I75,'5.
■'■1. polwcphaluxi Mich.\. l''l. I'.or. .\ni. 2: 127. i."^o^.
Annual or winter-annual, fragrant; stem erect,
simple, or branched above, toinentosc, 1°-^° liiKh.
Leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, sessile,
acute or acutish, or the lower obtuse at the apex, Ji
aiarrowed at the base, densely white-woolly be-
neath, glabratc and coniniouly dark green above,
i'-;/ long. 2"-.\" wide, the margins undidate;
heads in numerous corymbose or paniculate clus-
ters of 1-5, about _v' '"kI'; hracts of the involucre
white, or tinged with lirown, oblong, thin and
scarious. obtuse, the outer woolly at the base;
pappus-bristles distinct, separately deciduous;
ichenes glabrous.
In dry, mostly iii)eii places, Nova Scotia to I'lorit .1,
.iL'initob;i, Misscjuri and Te.vas. Other names are I'ov-
■trty . Cliafe-or Balsam weed, Old field lialsani, Indian
I'osey. Leaves of winter rosettes oblong. .\ug. Sejit.
uorthea.stern.
7. G. Xorvcciicum.
8. G. sylvaiicum.
astern and southern.
g. G. purpui eum.
2. Gnaphalium Helleri Britton. Heller's
Ivverlasting. (Fig. 3852.)
'/. Ilelleri Britton, Bull. Torr. Club, 20: 2S0. i,S<i3.
Similar to the preceding species, corymbosely or
somewhat paniculately branched above, 1)2^-2^
high, the stem and branches densely glandular-
pul)cscenl, not touientosc. Leaves oblong-lanceo-
lale, sessile, acuminate at both ends, green and
hispidulous above, white-tomentose beneath, the
larger about 2' long anil 5" wide, the uppermost
much smaller and narrower ; heads very numerous,
corymbose or corymbose-paniculate, sessile or short-
peduncled in the clusters, about 2!2" broad; invo-
lucre oblong, or becoming campanulate, ,1" high,
its bracts bright white, tomcutose, the outer oblong,
the inner linear-oblong, all obtnse ; pappus-bristles
distinct to the base, separately deciduous ; achenes
glabrous.
In fields, soiubeastern \'irgiuia to Georgia. Sept.
-Oct.
Clammy I'A-erlast-
(Fig- 3S53-)
3. Gnaphalium decurrens Ive.s.
iiig. Winged Cudweed.
^ iiui/ilnitii(»i (lean rnii Ives, Am. Journ. Sci. I' 3S0. />.'. /. 1819.
.\nnual or biennial, similar to the two preceding species, frag-
rant; stem very leafy, glandular-viscid, corymbosely branched
above, 2'^-},'- high. Leaves lanceolate or broadly linear, acutish
at the apex, densely white-woolly beneath, glabrate or loosely
woolly above, sessile and decurrent on the stem at the base,
I '-3' long, 2' '-3" wide, or the lowest shorter and slightly
spatulate; heads in several or numerous corymbose glomerules
of 2-6, about y high; bracts of the involucre white or brownish,
ovate, acutish or the inner lanceolate and acute, the outer woolly
at the base ; pappus-bristles distinct, separately deciduous ;
achenes glabrous.
In open, moist or dry places. Nova Scotia to Pennsylvania, west to
western Ontario, Michigan and British Columbia, south in the Rocky
Mountains to Arii-.ona. Also called Sweet ISalsaiii and Balsam-weetl.
luly Sept.
36
402
COMrOSITAK.
[Vol.. III.
4. Gnaphalium palustre Nutt. Western
Marsh Cudweed. (Fig. 3854.)
GiiaphaUum fialiislre Niitt. Trans. Am. Pliil. Soc. fll i 7:
40, V iS.li.
Annual; dilTusely branched from the base, (lens..!y
but loosely floccose-woolly nil over, 2'-S'high. Leaves
sessile, oblong, linear-oblong, or the lower spatulatc,
obtuse or acutish, 6"-i2''' long, l%"-y wide; heads
about 2" high, several together in leafy-bracted gloni-
crules; involucre more or less woolly, its bracts linear
or lanceolate, acute, white or pale yellow; pappus-
bristles distinct, separately deciduous.
Ill moist wet soil, Northwest Territory to western Ne-
braska and Nlw Mexirs, west to lirifsh Columbia and
California. May-Aug.
5. Gnaphalium uligindsum L,. Low
or Marsh Cudweed. Wartwort.
Mouse-ear. (Fig. 3855.)
Giiat'lialium iilii^inosiim I,. Sp. PI. 856. 175J.
Annual; dilFusely branched from the base, or
the steins sometimes erect or ascending, ap-
pressed-woolly all over, 2'-.S' high. Leaves
sessile, spatulate-linear, linear, or the lower
oblanccolate or spatulate and narrowed into
petioles, all obtuse or obtusish, generally mu-
cronulate, I'-iJj' long; heads about 2" high,
numerous in dense leafy-bracted terminal
glomerules; bracts of the involucre oblong or
oblong-lanceolate, brown, tiie outer obtuse or
obtusish and more or less woolly, the inner
acute; pappus-bristles distinct, separately de-
ciduous.
In damp soil, Newfoundland to Virginia, wist to western Ontario. Minnesota and Indi.ina.
Apparently naturalizi.d from liuropu, wliere it is common. Occurs also in the far Northwest, where
it is probably indigenous. July-Sept.
6. Gnaphalium supinum L. Dwarf Cud-
weed. (Fig. 3856.)
0'ii(i/>/i(ih'iiiii supinum L. .Syst. \'A. 2, 254. 1767
Perennial, white- woolly, much tufted; stems sim-
ple, l'-;,,'i' high. Leaves mainly basal, linear,
acute, narrowed at the base, sessile, 6"~i2" long,
I "-2" wide; heads few or several, capitate or short-
spicate, about .5" high; flowers yellowish; bracts
of the involucre brown, glabrous, lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate, acute; pappus-bristles distinct,
separately deciduous.
Alpine summits of the Wliite Mountains of New-
Hampshire; Labrador and (Ircenland, and cm liigli
mountains in ICurope and Asia. Called also Mountain
Cudweed. Jnly-.-^ug.
Genus 45]
TIIISTLK l'AMII.V.
403
,r New
liiRli
xiiilaiii
7. Gnaphalium Norvegicum (lUii'ier.
Norwegian Cudweed. (Fig. 3857.)
Cuaphaliuni Xo>:egicHm Gunner, Fl. NorvcR. 2:
I "5. 1772-
Perennial; stem simple, 6'-iS' high. I.eak-es
lanceolate to spatulate, elongated, acute, 'lar-
rowed at the base, woolly on both sides, or green
and glabrate above, 3'-6' long, 2"-^" wide, the
lower and basal ones peliolcd ; heads about ,/'
high, numerous in a more or less leafj* spike,
tlic lowest often distant, solitary or glomerate in
the upper axils; bracts of the involucre uvate-
oblong, dark brown, or brown-tipped, glabrous
or slightly woolly, obtuse; pappus-bristles united
at the base, falling away in a ring; achenes his-
pidulous.
Mt. .\lbcn, (laspO, Ouehc'C, north to Greenland
and .Arctic .Vnierica. .Vlso in linrope. July Aii^.
8. Gnaphalium sylvaticum L.
Wood Cudweed. Chafeweed.
Owl's Crown. Golden Mother-
wort. (Fig. 3858.)
Gttaplialiuni sylialicnni I,. Sp. "1. 856. 17S.V
Perennial; stem slender, simple, 6'-i.S'
high. Leaves linear, acute, i'-2' long, about
I "wide, or the lowest linear-sjiatnlate, woolly
beneath, glabrous or glabrate above; heads
about }," high, numerous in a more or less
leafy spike, or the lowest solitary or glomer-
ate in the upper a.xils; bracts of the involucre
, linear-oblong, obtuse, mostly glabrous, yel-
lowish or greenish with a brown spot at or
just below tlie apex; pappus-bristles united at
the base; achenes hispidulous.
New llrunswick and Cape lireton Islaml, jxr-
liaps introilueed from ICumpe. Widely dislrib-
\ited in Ivuroiic and Northern .\sia. June-.\ng.
9. Gnaphalium purpureum L. Pur-
plish Cudweed. (Fig. 3859.)
una f'halium pill t^uteiitn I,. ,Sp. PI. S51. 175;.
.\nnual or biennial, simple and erect, or
branched from the base and the branches as-
cending, 2'-2° high. Leaves spatidate, or the
uppermost linear, mostly obtuse, mncronulatc,
woolly beneath, usually green and glabrous or
nearly so above when old, sessile, or the lowest
narrowed into petioles, i'-2' long, 2"-6" wide;
heads 2"-2j2" high in a terminal, sometimes
leafy, often interrupted spike, or the lowest
ones distant and axillary; bracts of the invo-
lucre yellowish brown or purplish, lanceolate-
oblong, acute or acutish, the outer woolly at
the base; pappus-bristles united below; achenes
roughish.
In dry sandy soil, eastern Maine to plorida, we'-t
to Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Kentueky, .\rkan
sas, Texas and Mexico. Also on the Paeilie Coast
and in South .America. May-Sept.
404
COMPOSITAE.
[Vol,. III.
46. ADENOCAULON Hook. Bot. Misc. i: 19. 1830,
rerennial herbs, with broad alternate sleiuler-petioled leaves, woolly beneath, and pani-
cled small heads of tubular flowers. Involucre cainpanulate, composed of a few herbaceous
bracts. Receptacle nearly flat, naked. Corollas all tubular, 4-5-lobed. Marginal flowers
pistillate, fertile. Central flowers perfect, sterile, the style undivided; anthers slightly
sagittate at the base. Pappus none. Achenes obovoid or clavate, very obtuse, faintly
nerved, j,'laudular above, longer than the bracts of the involucre, [Greek, gland-stem.]
Abcnit 5 species, natives of North .\iiaTica. Japan, thi' Himalayas and Chile. Only the following
is known in North Anurica.
Adeno-
I. Adenocaulon bicolor Hook,
caiilon. (Fig. 3860.)
.IdeiKhaufoii bici'/orllaok. \iot. yWfiC. 1: \i). pi. i-;. 1S30.
vSteui floccose- woolly, or at length glalirous, i''-^^
high, leafless and mostly paniculatcly branched above.
Leaves all basal or nearly so, deltoid-ovate, obtuse
or acute at the apex, deeply cordate at the base,
coarsely repand-toothed or lobed, thin, green and
glabrous above, densely and persistently white-woolly
beneath, I'-W long and broad with slender narrowly
margined petioles; heads numerous, very slender-
peduncled, small; bracts of the involucre ,\ or 5, ovate
to lanceolate, reflexcd in fruit, at length deciduous;
achenes :-,"-\" long, |i" thick, the upper part beset
'with nail-shaped glands.
In moist woods, Nortliini Micliigan and Lake Superior
10 Hritish Cohnnbia and California. May-July.
47. INULA L. Sp. PI. 881. 1753.
Perennial, mostly tomeutose or woolly herbs, with alternate and basal leaves, and large
heads of both tubular and radiate yellow flowers. Involucre hemispheric or canipanulate,
its bracts imbricated in several series, the outer often foliaceous. Receptacle flat or convex,
arcolate or foveolate, not chaffy. Ray-tlowers pistillate, their ligules 3-toothed. Disk-
flowers pel feet, their corollas tubular, ,s-toothed. Anthers sagittate at the base, the auricles
caudate. Style-branches of the disk-flowers linear, obtuse. Achenes 4-5-ribbcd; pappus of
capillary rough bristles in our species. [The ancient Latin name.]
.Aboiil 0(5 species, nativis of ICuropc, .\siii and .\frica.
I. Inula Helenium L. l-lecampane.
Horseheal. (Fig. 3861.)
Inula Helenium I,. Sp. PI. 8S1. 1753.
Stems tufted from large thick roots, simple
or rarely somewhat branched, 2°-0' high,
densely pubescent above. Leaves large,
broadly oblong, rough above, densely pubes-
cent beneath, denticulate, the basal ones
acute at each end, long-petiolcd, io'-2o' long,
4'-S' wide; stem leaves sessile, or cordate-
clasping at the base, acute at the apex,
smaller; heads solitary, or few, terminal,
stout-peduncled, 2'-4' broad; involucre hemi-
spheric, nearly i' high, its outer bracts ovate,
foliaceous, pubescent; rays numerous, linear;
achenes glabrous, 4-sidcd.
Along roadsides and in fields, Nova Scotia to
Ontario and Minnesota, south to North Carolina
and Missouri. Naturalized from Europe. Native
also in Asia. Called also Scabwort, Horse-elder,
Yellow Starwort, EUdock.
Gkms 4S.]
THISTLF, FAMILY.
40s
48. POLYMNIA L. Sp. PI. 926. 1753.
Perennial herbs (some tropical species woody), witli opposite membranous lobed or
angled leaves, or the lower alternate, and mostly lar^c corymbose-paniculate heads of both
tubular and radiate yellow or whitish flowers, or rays sometinies wantinjj. Involucre hemi-
spheric or broader, of about 5 large outer bracts, and more numerous smaller inner ones.
Receptacle chaffy. Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile, subtended by the inner involucral bracts,
the ligules elongated, minute, or none. Disk-flowers subtended by the chaffy scales of the
receptacle, perfect, sterile, their corollas tubular, s-toothed. .Anthers 2-toothcd at the base..
Pappus none. Achencs thick, short, turgid, glabrous. [From the Muse Polhymnia. j
About III spccits. natives of Anicrir.i. Only the following are known in N'ortli Aniericjv.
Rays commonly 6" long or more, ytllow; achines strouKly striate. i. /'. I'-jcifalia.
Kays coniniiitily minute and whitish, or none; achcnes 5 ribbed. .'. 1'. Ca)iadr>isis.
I, Polymnia Uvedalia L. Yellow or
lyarge- flowered Leaf-cup.
(Fig. 3862.)
Polymnia Uvedalia !<. Sp. PI. VA. 2, i,^o,v I70,v
Rough-pubescent, stout, branched, ,^°-i<i^ bigh.
Leaves broadly ovate or deltoid, 3-nerved, abruptly
contracted above the base, minutely ciliate, more
or less pubescent on both sides, angulate-lobcd, tlie
lower often 1" long and broad, petioled, the upper
sessile, somewhat clasping; heads few in terminal
clusters, peduncled, i I'z'-'i' broad; rays lo-i,s, com-
monly 6"-! 2" long, linear-oblong, bright yellow,
3-toothed or entire; exterior bracts of the cup-like
involucre ovate-oblong, obtuse, ciliate, 4"- 10"
long; achencs slightly oblique and laterally com-
pressed, strongly striate, nearly 3" long.
In rich woods, New York to Indiana, and MichiRiin
(according to Wright), south to Florida, Missouri and
Texas. Called also Yellow Bearsfoot. July-.\UK.
2. Polymnia Canadensis L. Small-
flowered Leaf-ctip. cFig. 3863.)
Polymnia Canaih'iisis I.. .Sp. PI. 9^6. 1753.
Rather slender, viscid-pubescent, at least
above, simple or branched, 2°-5° high. Leaves
deltoid-ovate to hastate, usually very thin, all
petioled, deeply angulate-lobed and the lobes
dentate, or the lower lyrate-pinnatifid, .('-lo'
long, the uppermost sometimes ovate and en-
tire or merely denticulate; heads few in term-
inal clusters, short-peduncled or sessile, 4"-6"
broad; outer bracts of the involucre ovate to
lanceolate, obtuse or acutish, 2"-3" long; rays
small, minute or none, whitish or yellowisli;
achenes 3-angled, obovoid, obcompressed, 3-
ribbed, not striate.
In d.iiup, rich shaded places, western (Intario to
Minnesota, North Carolina and Arkansas. June-
Sept.
Polymnia Canadensis radiata .V. Cray, Syn. I'l. N. X. I: Part 2, 2iS- '8!^4-
I.igules larger, sometimes 6" long, 3 lobed, neatly white. Oecasional in the range of the type.
49. MELAMPODIUM L. Sp. PI. 921. 1753.
I lerbs, some species woody, with opposite entire or dentate leaves, and ternunal ])ednncled
heads of both t\ibular and radiate, white or yellow flowers in our species. Involucre hemi-
spheric, its bracts in 2 series, the 4 or 5 outer ones broad, often connate at the base, the inner
hooded, embracingor permanently surrounding the pistillate fcf.lo ray-flowers. Receptacle
convex or conic, chalfy. Ray-flowers in i series, the rays spreading, 2-3-lobed or entire.
Disk-flowers perfect, sterile, their corollas with a narrowly campanulate ,s-toothed limb, the
anthers entire at the base, the style undivided. Achenes obovoid, more or less incurved.
Pappus none. [Greek, black-foot, without significance.]
.\bout 2,=; species, natives of the warmer parts of .\meric.i. besides the following, some (others
occur in the soHthwestern I'nited .States.
T
COMI'OSITAR. [Vol. III.
I. Melampodium cinereum DC.
Pale Melaiiiix)diiini.
(FiR. 3864.)
itffhim/indiiini cinereum DC. Proilr. $■ srS. 1S36.
Perennial, woody at the base, branched, canes-
cent, 4' -12' high, the branches slender. Leaves
linear, lanceolate, or the lower spatulate, sessile,
entire, nndulate or sinuate, i'-2' lon^, I'/i" -J,"
wide, obtuse or obtusish at the apex; heads
S"-iY' broail, terminating the branches; pe-
duncles slender, I'-i' long; outer bracts of the
involucre ovate or oval, obtuse, united below;
rays 5-9, cuneate-oblong, white, 2-3-lobed; inner
bracts turl)inate or terete, hooded, inuricate,
the hood wider than the body.
In dry soil, Kansas to Arizona, Texas and Mexico.
June Oct.
50. SILPHIUM L. Sp. PI. 919.
1753-
Tall perennial herbs, with resinous juice, opposite or alternate leaves, and large corym-
bose or paniculate (rarely solitary) peduncled heads of both tubular and radiate yellow
flowers. Involucre hemispheric or campanulate, its bracts imbricated in few series. Re-
ceptacle flat or nearly so, chafl'y, the chafi" subtending the disk-flowers. Ray-flowers in 2
or 3 series, pistillate, fertile, the ligules numerous, linear. Disk-flowers perfect but sterile,
their corollas tubular, 5-toothed, the style undivided. Anthers minutely 2-tootlied or
entire at the base. Achenes broad, dorsally flattened, 2-wingtd, notched at the apex.
Pappus none, or of 2 awns confluent with the wings of the acheue. [Greek, from the
resinous juice.]
Aliout 12 .species, natives of North America, known as Rosin weed or Rosinplanl.
Stem leafy, the leaves opposite, alternate, or verticillate.
Leaves, or their petiole-bases, connate-perfoliate; stem square. i. S. perfolialiim.
Leaves not connate-perfoliate, sessile or petioled.
Leaves opposite, or the uppermost alternate; eaidine sessile.
Leaves, or some of them, verticillate in 3's or 4's, petioled.
Most or all of the leaves alternate, entire or dentate.
Leaves all alternate, pinnatiful or bipinnatifid. large.
Stem leafless or nearly so, scaly above; leaves basal, large.
5. iiilec;)! folium.
S. Irifolialum.
S. .Is/erisius.
S. laciiiiiilutn.
S. leyebinllnnaceum.
I. Silphium perfoliatum L.
Cup-plaiit. Indian-cup.
(Fig. 3865.)
S. perfolic'tiim L. Sp. PI. Ivd. 2, 1301. 1763.
Stem square, glabrous, or rarelj' some-
what hispid, branched above, or some-
times simple, 4°-8° high. Leaves ovate
or deltoid-ovate, opposite, the upper con-
nate-perfoliate, the lower abruptly con-
tracted into margined petioles, all thin,
usually scabrous on both sides, or pubes-
cent beneath, coarsely angulatc-dentate,
or the upper entire, the larger 6'-i2'
long, 4''-S' wide; heads commonly numer-
ous, 2'-3' broad; rays 20-31), about \' long
and 2" wide; in%'olucre depressed-hemi-
spheric, its outer bracts broad, ovate,
ciliolate, spreading or erect; achenes ob-
ovate, emarginate, sometimes 2-toothed.
In moist soil, southern Ontario to Minne-
sota, south to Oeorgia, Nebraska and Louisi-
ana. Naturalized near New York City.
Called also Ragged Cup. July-Sept.
Oi.Nrs 50.]
THISTLK FAMILY.
3
5
2. Silphium integrifdlium Miclix.
luitire-leaved Rosin-weed. (Fig. 3866.)
Silphium integrifolium Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: i^6.
Stem glabrous, rough or souictinies hirsute,
corynibosely branched above, 2°-5° high. Leaves
ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, en-
tire, denticulate or remotely dentate, rough above,
pubescent or glabrous beneath, those of the stem
all closely sessile, often half-clasping but not cou-
nate-perfoliate at the rounded base, ^'-5' long,
i'-2' wide; heads usually numerous, i'-2' broad;
involucre nearly hemispheric, its outer bracts
ovate or ovate-laticeolate, acute, spreading, cilio-
late or pubescent; rays 15-25; achenes oval or
obovate, 4"-5" long, deeply emarginatc.
On prairies, Ohio to Minnesota, south to Louisiana,
Ni braska, Arkansas and Texas. Aug.-Sept.
3. Silphium trifoliatum L. Whorled
Rosin-weed. (Fig. 3867.)
Silphium Irifoliatum L. Sp. I'l. 020. 1753.
Stem glabrous, sometimes glaucous, corym-
bosely branched at the summit, 4°--'' high.
Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, the
middle ones almost always whorled in 3's or
4's, acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the
base and usually somewhat petioled, rough
or roughish above, pubescent or nearly glab-
rous beneath, entire or denticulate, 3'-7' long,
Yi'-iYi' wide; heads several or numerous,
\yz'-2' broad; involucre hemispheric, its
outer bracts ovate or oval, acute or obtuse,
glabrous, or slightly pubescent,ciliolate; rays
15-20; achenes oval or obovate, narrowly
winged, emarginate, sharply 2-toothcd.
In woods, Pennsylvania to Ohio, south to \'ir-
ginia and .•Klabama. July-Get.
4. Silphium Asteriscus L. Starry
Rosin-weed. (Fig. 3868.)
Silpliium Ai/eriscus I,. Sp. PI. 920. 17:55.
vStem hispid-pubescent, simple, or branched
above, 2"^-4° high, usually purple. Leaves
nearly all alternate, ovate, ovate-oblong, or
lanceolate, acute or obtusish, sessile, somewhat
clasping, or the lower narrowed into short peti-
oles, dentate, or the upper entire, 2'-5' long,
yi'-i' wide; heads commonly few, i'-2' broad;
rays 12-15; involucre hemispheric, its bracts
mostly hispid, ovate to oblong, acute or obtuse,
squarrosc; achenes oval or obovate, narrowly
winged, 2-toothed.
In dry soil. Maryland to Tennessee and Missouri,
south to Florida and Louisiana. J- .le-Sepl.
408
coMrosiTAi:.
[Vol.. Ill,
6. Silphium terebinthinaceum
Jacq. Prairie Dock. Prairie
Burdock. (Fig. 3870.)
Silphium ieychinlhinaceuin ]ac(i. Ilort.
Vind. i: pi. .f;. 1770.
Stem glabrous or nearly so, branched
and scaly abo%'c, 4°-io° high. Leaves
all basal or nearly so, coriaceous, ovate,
mostly long-petioled, acute at the apex,
cordate at the base, rough ou both sides,
often 12' long and ii' wide, sharply den-
tate; heads numerous, ija'-j' broad,
borne on glabrous peduncles; involucre
hemispheric, its bracts ovate-oblong,
erect, glabrous or minutely pubescent;
rays 12-20; achenes obovate, narrow! v
winged, slightly 2-toothed and emargin-
ate at the apex.
(In prairies and in dry woods, southern
Ontario and Ohio to Minnesota, south to
Georgia, Iowa and Louisiana. Calkd also
Kosin-i>iant. July Sept.
Silphium terebinthinaceum pinnatifidum 'lUl. )
A. Gray, Man. 220, is^b,
.S". pinnalifuiuiti V.W. ]!ot. S, C. & Ga, 2: 462.
1S21.
Leaves laciniate or pinnatifid. Ohio to
Georgia.
5. Silphium laciniatum L. Com-
pass-plant. Pilot-weed.
(Fig. 3869.)
Silphium lacinialum \,. Sp. PI, rii.> 175.5,
Rough or hispid, very resinous; stem
6°-i2° high; basal leaves pinnatifid or bi-
pinnatifid, long-petioled, i^ long or more,
the lobes oblong or lanceolate; stem leaves
alternate, vertical, their edges tending to
point north and south, sessile, or the lower
short-petioled, the upper cordate-clasping
at the base, gradually smaller and less
divided; heads several or numerous, ses-
sile or short-peduncled, 2'-5' broad, the
peduncles bracted at the base; rays 20-30,
l'-2' long; involucre nearly hemispheric,
its bracts large, rigid, lanceolate or ovate,
very sijuarrose; achenes oval, about 6"
long, the wing broader aliove than lielow,
notched at the apex, awnle.ss.
On prairies, Ohio to South Dakota, soulli to
.Vlabania, Louisiana and 'iVxas. CalKd also
Turpentine -wi'L'd, I'olar-plant, K'jsin-wced.
July Sept.
51. CHRYSOGONUM L. Sp. PI. 920. 1753.
Pubescent perennial herbs, with opposite and basal pctioled leaves, and slcnder-peduncled-
axillary and terminal, rather large heads of both tubular and radiate, yellow flowers. In
volucre hemispheric, its bracts in 2 series of ,s, the outer large, obovate or spatulate, folia-
ceous, the inner oval, firm, each subtending a pistillate ray-flower. Reccptiicle chalVy, each
scale subtending and partlj' enclosing a perfect but sterile tubular flower with a 5 toothed
corolla. Anthers nearly entire at the base. .Vchenes obovate, compressed, their margins
acute, not winged, i-nerved on the back, 1-2-ribbed on the inner side. Pappus a short half-
cup-shaped crown, [tireek, golden-knee.]
A inonotypie jrenus of eastern North .■Vnieriea.
GkniS 51.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
409
I. Chrysogonum Virginianum L.
Chrysogonuni. (.Fig. 3S71.)
Clnysogonnm I'irginiaiiiiM L. Sp. I'l. 920. 1753.
rcreniiial by rootstocks or runners, pubescent
or hirsute throughout, branched from the base,
or at first acaulescent, 3'-! 2' hijjli, Leaves
ovate or oblong, obtuse or acutish at the apex,
tlie upper souictiuies sul)Cor(latc at the base ,
crenate-deutate, rather thin, i'-,^' long, >i'-2'
wide, the basal ones with petioles as long as the
blade or longer, those of the upper ones shorter;
peduncles I'-Y long; heads l'~iyi' broad; outer
bracts of the involucre obtuse; rays about 5,
4"-7" long.
Ill ilry soil, soutlicrii Pennsylvania to I'loridn.
April-July.
Chrysogonum Virginianum dentatum A. Ciiiiy, liot.
C'.az. 7: .u. 1SS2.
Leaves dentate, the teeth and acutish apex iiiii-
cronulate; outer bracts of tlie involucre acute. High Island, Potomac Kiver, near Washington.
52. BERLANDIERA DC. Prodr. 5; 517. 1836.
Perennial cauescent or pubescent herbs, with alternate leaves and rather large, peduncled
solitary or corymbose heads of both tubular and radiate yellow flowers. Involucre de-
pressed-hemispheric, its bracts imbricated in about 3 series, the outermost small, mostly
oblong, the second series broader, oval or ot)ovate, the inner membranous, similar, reticu-
lated when mature, subtending the ray-flowers and exceeding the disk. Receptacle nearly
flat, chalTy, the chaff subtending the disk-flowers. Ray-flowers 5-12, pistillate, fertile.
Disk-flowers perfect, tubular, sterile, their corollas 5-toothed. Anthers entire, or minutely
2-toothed at the base. Style of the tubular flowers undivided, hirsute. Acheues obovate,
compressed, not winged, i-ribbed on the inner side, the pappus obsolete, early deciduous or
of 2 caducous awns. [Named after J. L. lierlandier, a Swiss botanical collector in Texas and
Mexico.]
About 5 species, n.itives of Uic southern I'liiteil States and Me.xico.
Stem leafy; leaves ovate to oblong, crenatc. i. /)'. Ti'vaiui.
riant acaulescent, or nearly so; leaves lyrate-pinnalificl. 2, li.lyrata.
I. Berlandiera Texana
Texan Berlandiera.
DC.
(Fig. 3872.)
lieihindicia '/>' r<;;((2 DC. I'rodr. 5: 517. iSj6.
Hirsute-pubescent throughout; stem
erect, branched above, or simple, 2°-;,^
high, leafy. Leaves ovate, or the basal ob-
long, crenatc, acutish or obtuse at the
apex, rounded or cordate at the base, i'-\'
long, i'-2' wide, the upper sessile, the
lower petioled; heads few or several, i'-
I Vz' broad, in a terminal corymbose-cymose
cluster; peduncles ,'+'-i|2' long; inner
bracts of the involucre twice as large as
the outer.
In dry soil, Missouri and Kansas to .\rkati
sas and Louisiana. ]uly-Aug.
4IO
COMl'OSITAR.
[Vol.. III.
2. Berlandiera lyrata Heiitli. Lyre-
leaved Berlaiuliera. (Fig. 3873.)
Silf'hium Xutlallianiiin Tdtr. Ami. I.yc. N. Y. 3: 2I'j.
Xiinie only. 1827.
Ilfilaiiitiera lyrala Hentli. I'l. llartw. 17. i8.v;.
I'incly wliitish-cancsrcnt, acaulescent or sliort-
steiiitnecl; scapes or peduncles slender, .V-s' long,
bcarinj^ a solitary liead, or rarely 2. Leaves lyrate-
pinnatilid, obtuse, petioled, the terminal segment
usually larger than the lateral ones, the lower ones
very small, all obtuse, mostly crenate, sometimes
becoming green and glabrate above; head about i'
broad; inner bracts of the involucre much broader
than the outer, orbicular, or wider than long;
achencs obovate, keeled on the inner face.
In dry soil, Kansa.s to Te.xas, Arizona and Mexicn.
53. ENGELMANNIA T. &(^.. Fl. N. A. 2: 283. 1841.
Perennial hirsute herbs, with alternate pinnatifid leaves, and corymbose slender-pedun-
clcd rather large heads of both tubular and radiate yellow flowers. Involucre hemispheric,
its bracts imbricated in 2 or 3 series, the outer linear, loose, hirsute, ciliate, the inner oval
or obovate, concave, appressed, subtending the ray-flowers. Receptacle flat, chaify, the
chaff subtending and partly enclosing the disk-flowers. Rays S-io, pistillate, fertile. Disk-
flowers about as many, tubular, perfect, sterile, the corolla ,=5-toothed. .Vntliers minutely
2-dentate at the base. Style of the tubular flowers undivided. .Vchcucs obovate, compressed,
not winged, i-ribbed on each face. Pappus a persistent irregularly cleft crown. [Named
for Dr. Geo. Engelmann, botanist, of St. I.,ouis.] —^^ -^
.•\ monotypic genus of the south-central I'nitcd
.States.
X. Engelmannia pinnatifida T. & G.
Engelmannia. (Fig. 3874.)
Juii;el»uiniiia pinnalil'ida T.
1S41.
.S: G. V\. N. A. 2: 2>.:
Stem usually branched above, i°-3^ high. Hasal
leaves slendcr-petioled, 4'-S' long, their lobes
lanceolate or oblong, dentate or entire, obtuse or
acutish; upper leaves smaller, sessile, less divided,
the uppermost sometimes entire, or with a pair of
basal lobes; heads usually numerous, about i'
broad; peduncles i'-5' long; outer bracts of the
involucre somewhat in 2 scries, the first linear, the
second broadened at the base.
In dry soil, Kansas to Louisiana, Arizona and North
Mexico. May. -.Vug.
54. PARTHENIUM L. Sp. PI. 988. 1753.
Perennial, mostly pubescent or canescent herbs, or shrubs, with alternate leaves, and
sn'.all corymbose or paniculate heads of both tubular and radiate white or yellow flowers.
Involucre broadly campanulate or hemispheric, its bracts imbricated in 2 or 3 series, obtuse,
appressed, nearly equal. Receptacle convex or conic, chaffy, the chaff membranous, sur-
rounding the disk-flowers. Ray-flowers about 5, pistillate, fertile, their ligules short, broad,
2-toothed or obcordate. Disk-flowers perfect, sterile, their corollas 5-toothed, the style
undivided. Anthers entire at the base. Achenes compressed, keeled on the inner face,
margined, bearing the persistent rays on the summit. Pappus of 2-3 scales or awns.
[Greek, virgin.]
About lospecics.nativesof North America, Jlexico.thc \Ve<*t Indies and northern South .\merica.
Besides the following, some 5 others occur in the southern and southwestern Tnited States.
Ghms 54]
THrSTIJ! FAMILY.
4"
Stem .uiiiutely pulKscciit, or Klalirom IicIhw; rootstocks thicktiu d.
Stem ]iilosi-put)i'Sci'iit; routstocks sk'tider, crci'piiiK, forming runner'^.
I. Parthenium integrifohum L. American Fever-few.
( I^'iR. 3«75. )
Pa> Ihenium inlcgii/dliiiin I,. Sp. I'l. yS><.
Stem stout, striate, finely pubescent with
short hairs, or (glabrous l)elow, coryinboscly
branched above, i°-4° lii^h. Rootstocks
tuberous-thickeneil; leaves firm, ovate or
ovate-oblonji;, acute or acuminate, crenate
dentate or somewhat lyrate at the base,
hispidulous and rouf^hish on both sides,
the lower and basal ones petiokd, often
12' lonj; and ,s' wide, the upper smaller,
sessile and partly clasping; heads numer-
ous in a dense terminal corymb; involucre
nearly hemispheric, about 3" high, its
bracts lirni, the outer oblong, densely ap-
])ressed-pubtscent, the inner broader, gla-
brous, or ciliatc on the margins; rays
white or whitish.
In dry soil. Marylaml to Minnesota, south
to Gi-orjria, Missouri and Ti-xas. C.illeil also
Cuttin>; .\lmonil. Ma) -Sept.
1. P. iii/i]i:> i/oliiint.
2. /'. I e/ifiis.
Prairie Dock.
2. Parthenium repens Ivggert. Creep-
ing or Hairj' Parthenium.
(Fig. 3876.)
Pa>!heiihini x'/ifiis I'.ggvrt. Cat. PI. St. I.ouis, I'j.
1S91.
.Similar to the preceding species, but lower,
seldom over 2'' high. Rootstocks slender,
forming ruimers; stem pilose or hispid with
spreading hairs; leaves hispid on both sides,
irregularly crenate, sometimes lyrate at the
base, the teeth rounded and obtuse; heads
fewer, slightly larger, in a smaller looser
corymb; outer bracts of the involucre propor-
tionately broader.
Missouri. .\i)ril-July.
55. CRASSINA Scepin, Sched. Acido Veg. 42. 1758.
[Zinnia L. Syst. Ivd. 10, 1221. i75'».]
Annual or perennial herbs, some species shrubby, with opposite entire, or sparingly ser-
rate, mostly narrow and sessile leaves, and large or middle-sized heads of both tubular and
radiate Uowers. Ray-flowers pistillate, yellow, or variegated, persistent on the achene.
Disk-flowers perfect, fertile; corolla cylindraceous, its lobes villous. Involucre campanulate
to nearly cylindric, its bracts obtuse, dry, firm, appressed, imbricated in 3 series or more,
the outer gradually shorter. Receptacle conic or cylindric, chafTy, the chatT -iubtending and
enwrapping the disk-flowers. .Style branches elongated, not appendaged. Achenes of the
ray-flowers somewhat 3-angled, those of the disk flattened. Pappus of few awns or teeth.
fJn honor of Paul Crassus, an Italian botanist of the i6th century.]
.■\bout 12 species, natives of the I'nited States and Mexico.
412
UOMl'OSITAl-;.
Vor, in.
I. Crassina grandiflora ( Nutt. ) Kuiitzc.
Prairie Zinnia. ( Fig. 3S77.')
/iiinin i;iitni1i/loia Niitt. Tniiis, Am. Phil ,Soc. i Ilj
7:. its. 184.'.
Cnisuiia giaiidijlnia Kiiiil/r, Kov. Cicii. I'l vu.
1S91,
I'crciiiiinl, wooily at tlic Imse, lulteil, iiimli
briiiK'lied, rouf;li,.;'-6' lii^jh. Leaves ratlier rigiil,
linear to liiieai -lanceolate, entire, 6"-ls" loHK.
I'/i" wide, or less, connate at the base, aiule or
HCiitisli, crowded; heads nuinerons, pcduiioled.
terminating; the hrancl'es, i()"-iS" broad; rays
4 or 5, broad, yellow, rounded, or eniarKinate,
their achenes with a pappus of 2 or | awns; in-
volucre canipanulate-cylindric, y" A" hijjli;
style-branches of the disk-llow ers subulate.
Ill ilry siiil, Kansas and Colorado to Texas, Mexico
and .Vrizona. Jmic Sept.
56. HELIOPSIS Pers. Syn. 2: 473. 1807,
Perennial herbs la tropical species annual), with opposite petioled ,vribbed leaves, and
large pednncled terminal and axillary heads of tubular and radiate yellow llowers. Invo-
lucre heniispheric or broadly canipanulatc, its l)racts oblong or lanceolate, imbricated in 2
or 3 series. .Heccptacle convex or conic, chalTy, the chafT enveloping the disk-llowers.
Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile, the rays spreading, the tube very short, commonly persistent
on the achetie. Disk-flowers perfect, the tube short, the limb elongated, ,s-toothed. .An-
thers entire, or minutely 2-toothed at the base. vStyle-bratichcs tipped with small hirsute
appendages. Achcncs thick, obtusely ,^-4-angled, the summit truncate. Pappus none, or
of 2-4 teeth, or a coroniforni bonier. [Creek, sun-like.]
Aboiil 11 species, natives of .■ViiRricii. Iksidis the followiiijr, two otlurs ociurinthc southern
and southwestern liiiled .States.
Leaves smooth, or nearly so; pai)pus none, or of 2-4 stout teeth.
Leaves rough; pappus crown like, or of 1-3 sharp teeth.
I. //. Iirliaiitlii'idrs
i. If. sc ibra.
I. Heliopsis helianthoides (L. ) H.S.P. Ox-eye.
(Fig. 3878.)
liuphlliaUnum helianthoides L. Sp. I'l. 1/34.
"75.V
HeliKpsis laevis I'crs. Sfyn. 2: 473. 1.S07.
I/eliopsis helianllinides U.S. 1'. I'rel. Cat. N. Y.
28. i8,SS.
Stem glabrous, branched above, 3°-5^ high.
Leaves opposite, or rarely in ,VSi ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, rather thin, acuminate at
the apex, usually abruptly narrowed at the \>
base, sharply and nearly equally dentate,
smooth on both sides, or roughish above,
3'-6' long, l'-2'i' -.vide; heads long-pedun-
cled, somewhat coryndiose, lyi'-iyi' broad;
rays 9"-! 2" long, persistent, or at length
decaying away from the achenes; bracts of
the involucre oblong or linear-oblong, ob-
tuse or acutish, the outer commonly longer
than the inner; achenes glabrous, the summit
truncate; pappus none, or of 2-4 short teeth.
In open places, (Ontario to Florida, west to
Illinois and Kentucky. July-Scpt.
F'alse Sunflower.
rHISTI.I'; FAMILY
Kiittgh
2. Heliopsis scabra Diitial.
Ox-eyc. (I'iK. .1879. J
Mini Mus. I'iirin, 5; .v.
IM. N A. i:
-♦'j
///■// i'/>w'.( uahirt Diitial
//<■//'( i/>t;\ laei'is var. uiifTii T. \: <
Similar til the prcceiliii>; siifcii.'s, but stem
rout^li, lit least iihove, simple or hriiuclicil, 2"- t
hij;li. I.enves ovate or ovnte-laiu'eolate, ariite
or sometimes amimitinte, sliarply dentate, rough
1)11 liiith sides, tlrm, a'-.s' lotig, iji'-i' wide,
abruptly narrowed at the base, short-petioled;
heads lew, or sometimes solitary, loiijj-peduu-
cled, 2'-2,'2' broad; rays usually 1' long, or
more; bracts of the involucre caiiescent, oblong
or liiiear-obloiiK; aclienes pubescent on the
mar>;ins when young; pappus a short laciiiiate
crown, or I-;, sharp teeth.
fsually in dry soil, Maine to New York, Newjer-
scv, Illinois, lintisli Cohmibia, and Arkansas. Jum-
Se'pt.
57. ECLIPTA I.. Maiit. PI. 2. 157. 1771.
ICrect or diffuse briinching pubescent or hirsute herbs, with oi)posite leaves, and small
pedunclcd terminal and axillary heads of tubular and radiate whitish llowers. Involucre
hemispheric or broadly campanulate, its bracts imbricated in about 2 scries, nearly ecjual, or
the o\itcr longer. Rccept.icic Hat or convex, chaffy, the chaff awn-like, subtending the
achencs. Kay-dowers pistillate, fertile. Diskdowers perfect, mostly fertile, their corollas
tubular, 4-toothed or rarely 5-toothed. Anthers entire or minutely 2-toothed at the base.
Style-branches of the disk-flowers with obtuse or triangular tips. .Hellenes thick, those of
the rays vsided, those of the disk compressed. I'ajjpus none, or of a few short teeth,
[(ireck, wanting, referring to the absence of pappus ]
.\liout 4 spcciis, niuslly of tropical distribution.
I. Eclipta alba (h.) Hassk. Ixlipta.
(Fig. 3880.)
I'fi/ifuiia a/ha I,. Sp. I'l. (/)2. 1753.
I'.clipla eii'cia I,. Mant. J: 2S6. 1771.
/■'.itifila />iO(-ti>n/ifiix Miclix. l'\. llor. .\ni. 2: 120. iSoj.
lulipla nWa Hassk. IM. Jav. Kar. 528. iS^S.
Annual, rough with appressed pubescence, erect or
diffuse, 6'-3'' high. I<eaves lanceolate, oblong-lance-
olate or linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, den-
ticulate or entire, narrowed to a sessile base, or the
lower pctioled, I'-s' long, 2"-lo" wide; heads com-
monly numerous, 3"-6" broad, nearly sessile, or
slender-pcduncled; rays short, nearly white; anthers
brown; achciies 4-toothed, or at length truncate.
.MonK streanis.and in waste places, southern New York
to Illinois and Nibr.aska, soulli to Florida, Texas and
Mexico. Naturalized from tropical Atnerica and widely
distributed in warm regions as a weed. July-Oct.
58. TETRAGONOTHECA L. Sp. PI. 903. 1753.
Erect perennial mostly branched herbs, with opposite, sessile or connate-perfoliate,
broad dentate leaves, and large peduncled heads of tubular and radiate yellow flowers. In-
volucre depressed-hemispheric, its principal bracts 4, large and foliaceous, inserted in 1 series;
inner bracts 6-15, small, subtending the pistillate ray-flowers. Receptacle conic, chaffy, the
chafiF concave, enwrapping the perfect fertile disk-flowers, the corollas of which are slender
and 5-toothed. Anthers entire or minutely 2-toothed at the base. Style-branches of the
disk-flowers hispid, tipped with elongated appendages. Acheues thick, 4-sided, truncate at
the summit. Pappus none, or of several short scales. [Greek, 4-angled-case, referring to
the involucre.]
Three known species, natives of tlie southern United States and northern Me.\ico.
414
COMPOSITAE.
I. Tetragonotheca helianthoides
L. Tetragonotheca.
(Fig. 38S1.)
Tetragonotheca lielicinllioides I,. Sp. PI. i>i3.
1753-
Viscidly pubescent; stem branched or sim-
ple, i°-2|2° liis'i. Leaves ovate, ovate-ob-
loug, or somewhat rhomboid, tliin, coarsely
and une(iually dentate, pinnately veined,
acute at the apex, narrowed at the base,
sessile, or connate-])erfoliate, 2'-6'lonK, i'-.^'
wide; heads usually few, \)i'-'i' broad, in-
volucre 4-angled in the bud, its principal
bracts broadly ovate, acute; rays 6-10, strong-
ly parallel-nerved, 2-3-toothcd; corolla-tube
villous below; acheues .(-sided, or nearly
terete; pappus none.
In dry soil, Virginia lo I'lurida and Alabama.
May-June. Soniitinies tlmveritig again in tlie
autumn.
59. SPILANTHES Jacq. Stirp. Am. 214.//. ij6. 1763.
.-Knnual branching herbs, or some species perennial, with opposite, usually toothed leaves
and rather small, long-pedunclcd discoid and radiate heads, terminal, or in the upper axils,
or rays wanting in some species. Involucre canipanulate, its bracts in about 2 scries, her-
baceous, loosely appressed. Receptacle convex or elongated, cliatTy, its clialT embracing
the disk-achencs and at length falling away with Iheni. Ray-flowers yellow, or while, pis-
tillate. Disk- flowers yellow, perfect, their corollas tubular with an exp.anded 4-5-cleft limb.
Anthers truncate at the base. Style-branches of tlie disk-flowers long, sometimes jicnicillate
at the summit. Ray-achenes 3-sided, or compressed, those of the disk-flowers conipres.'^cd,
margined. Pappus of 1-3 awns, or more. [Creek, spot- or stain-flower, not significant.]
About ,50 species, natives of warm and tropical regions.
I. Spilanthes repens (Walt.) Michx.
Spilaiithes. (Fig. 3882.)
Aiilhemis lepeiis Walt. V\. Car. 211. 17SS.
Sf>i/aiit/ifs >r/'CH.5Miclix. 1"1. Hor. Am. 2: 131. I'^o3.
Perennial, usually rooting at the lower nodes;
stem slender, simple or branched, spreading or
ascending, 8'-2° long, pubesceiU, or nearly
glabrous. Leaves ovate to lanceolate, petiolcil,
acute or acuminate at the apex, or the lower
obtuse, coarsely toothed, or nearly entire, l'-,?'
long; heads long-peduncled, solitary at tlie end
of the stem and branches, 6"-ic)" broad; bracts
of the involucre oblong to oblong-lanceolate,
obtuse or acute; rays S-12, yellow; receptacle
narrowly conic; achenes oblong, most of them
roughened when mature and hispidulous; pap-
pus of I or 2 very short awns, or none.
In moist or wet soil, Missouri to Texas, east to
South Carolina and IHorida. Jime-.Sepl.
60. RUDBECKIA L. Sp. PI. 906. 1753.
Perennial or biennial (rarely annual \ mostly rigid, usually rough or hispid herbs, with
alternate undivided lobed or piunatifid leaves, and large long-peduncled heads of tubidar
(mostly purple I and radiate (yellow) flowers. Involucre hemispheric, its bracts imbricated
GUNfS Chi]
THISTLR FAMILY.
4'5
I
in 2-4 series. Receptacle coni: or convex, with chalTy concave scales subtending or en-
veloping the disk-flowers. Rav-flowers neutral, the rays entire or toothed. Disk-tloweis
perfect, fertile, their corollas s-lohed. .\nthers entire or minutely 2-niucronatc at the base.
Style-branches tipped with hirsute appendaj,'es. Achenes 4-angIed, obtuse or truncate at
the apex. Pappus coroniforin, sometimes of 2-4 short teeth, or none. [In honor of Clans
Kudbeck, 1630-1702, Swedish anatomist and botanist.]
Abcpiit 27 s])ccics, niitivcs of N'ortli America and Mexico. In addition U) the following, some iS
otliirs occur in the soutliern and western I'niud States.
-:-;- Stem-leaves not cordate-clasping; achenes 4-angled.
Disk globose or ovoid and purple or dark brown in fruit; lower leaves entire or lobed.
Lower leaves deeply vlobed or vdividi d.
riant more or less hirsute; leaves thin; elialT awned. i. K. hiloba.
riant scabrous; leaves thick; clialT blunt, pubescent at ape.\. 2. /i. sublomenlosa.
Leaves neither ,^ lobed nor ^divided
I'lants hispid; clialT acute or acutish, hirsute at summit.
.Stem leaves lanceolate looblong; involucre shorter than the rays. 3, R. hiila.
Stem leaves oval to obovate; involucral bracts foliaceous, nearly as long as the rays.
-l. A'. Itiittonii.
Plants pubescent or glabrate; chaff obtuse.
Leaves denticulate or entire; rays 0-12" long.
Stem leaves t)blong or obloiiglanceolate; disk 6"-S" broad, globose.
5. /i.fiilgida.
Stem leaves obovate or spatulate; disk 4"-.';" broad, depressed.
0. A', spathulala.
Leaves dentate or laciniate; rays about 18" long. 7. R. sfiecioia.
Disk elongp'"'! or cylindric in fruit, yellowish or gray; lower leaves pinnately divided or piniiatifi<l.
8. A', iaiiiiiata.
•;.'■ -k Stem-leaves cordate-clasping; achenes nearly terete, striate, tj, A*. atnplexicauHs.
X. Rudbecki? triloba L,
Rudbeckia liiloba L. Sp. I'l. 907. I7,s,v
Stem somewhat pubescent and rough,
rarely glabrate, branched, 2°-5^ high. Leaves
thin, rough on both sides, bright green, the
basal and lower ones petioled, some or all
of them .vlobed or .^parted, the lobes laticeo-
late or oblong, acnniinate, sharply serrate;
upper leaves ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or lance-
olate, acuminate or acute, narrowed to a ses-
sile base or into short margined petioles,
serrate or entire, 2 '-4' long, .'a'-i' wide;
heads nearly 2' broad, corytnbed; bracts of
the invtdncre linear, acute; pubescent, soon
reflexed; rays .S-12, yellow, or the base
orange or brownish-purple; disk dark purple,
ovoid, about 6" broad; chaff of the receptacle
awn-pointed; pappus a minute crown.
In moist soil, New Jersey to (leorgia, west to
Michigiin, Missouti and Louisiana. Sometimes
escapeil fiom gardens to roadsides. Called ;dso
lirown-eyed Susan. June-Oct.
Thin-leaved Cone-flower.
(Fig. 3883.)
2. Rudbeckia subtomentosa Pursli. Sweet
Cone-flower. (Fig. 3884.)
Riiilbfi Icia sublontfiilosa Pursh, Fl. .\m. Sept. 575. 1814.
Densely and finely cinereous-pubescent and scab-
rous; stem branched above, 2°-6° high. Leaves
thick, sotiic or all the lower ones deeply .v'obed or
3-parted, petioled, 3'-5' long, the lobes oblong or
lanceolate, acute or acuminate, dentate; upper leaves,
or some of them, lanceolate or ovate, acuminate,
.sessile or nearly so; heads numerous, 2'-;,' broad;
rays 15 20, yellow, or with a darker base; disc sul)-
globosc, rounded, purple, 6"-.S" broad; bracts of the
involucre linear-lanceolate, acuminate, sriuarrose,
sweet-scented; chaff of the receptacle linear, obtuse
or obtusish, pubescent, or somewhat glandular at the
apex; pappus a short crenate crown.
On prairies and along rivers, Illinois to Louisi;ina, Mis-
souri and Texas. July Sept.
_
4i6
COMPOSITAK.
[Vor,. III.
3. Rudbeckia hirta h. Black Ivyed Susan.
Yellow Daisy. (Fig. 3885.)
Kiidheckia liiria I,. Sp. PI. 907. 17,1,^.
Hirsute or hispid throughout, biennial or some-
times annual; stems simple or sparingly branched,
often tufted, 1°-;,° high. Leaves thick, sparingly
serrate with low teeth, or entire, lanceolate or ob-
long, the lower and basal ones petioled, mostly ob-
tuse, ,;-5-nervcd, i.'-;' long, >^'-2' wide, the upper
sessile, narrower, acute or acutish; heads common-
ly few or soli'ary, 2'-.)' broad; rays 10-20, orange,
rarely darker at the base; bracts of the involu-
cre very hirsute, spreading or rcflexed, much shorter
than the rays; disk globose-ovoid, purple-brown;
chalTof the receptacle linear, acute or acutish, hir-
sute ai the apex; style-tips acute; jiappus none.
In liiUls, (Jiiebfc to wistern Ontario and the North-
west Tirritory, south to I'lorida, Colorado and Texas,
Nativf only on tht westirn prairies. Widely disliibu-
ted in tlie east as a weed. Calkd also NiifKir head.
Golden Jerusaleni, Ox eye Daisy. May-Sept.
4. Rudbeckia Brittonii Small. l?rit-
toii'.s Cone- flower. (Fig. 38S6. >
Rudbeckia ISi illonii .Small, Mem. Torr. Club,
4: i,vi. 1S94.
Stem stout, hispid, erect, I, '4 °-2j2° high, sim-
ple, grooved, leafy, at least below. Leaves ser-
rate orcrenate-serrate, strigose-pnbescent, the
basal ones ovate to ovate-lanceolate, .,'-4' long,
obtuse, long-petioled; stem leaves obovate to
oval, often with a lateral lobe, the petioles
wing-margined; uppermost leaves often ovate-
lanceolate, sessile, cordate; bracts of the invo-
lucre foliaceous, often i' long or more; head
I'-y broad; rays about 12, 2-lobcd; outer
chalT oblanceolate, the inr.ir linear, acute,
purple-tipped, fringed with jointed hairs;
style-tips slender, acute.
In woods, mountains of Pennsylvania lo Vir
ginia and Tennessee. May-July.
5. Rudbeckia fiilgida Ait. Orange Cone-
flower. (Fig. 3S87.)
Rudbeikia/iilqida .\\\. Hort. Kew. 3: ^51. I7~^^).
Perennial; --lem hirsute, or strigosc-pubescent,
slender, sparin>,iy branched or simple, i°-3'^ bigh.
Leaves firm, entire, or sparingly serrate with distant
teeth, more or less hirsute or pubescent on both
sides, the basal and lower ones oblong or spatulate,
obtuse, 2'-4' long, ,vuerved, narrowed into margined
petioles, the upper lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,
sessile, or slightly clasping at the base; heads few,
i'-i'/i' broad; bracts of the involucre oblong or
lanceolate, .i"-S" long; rays 10-15, linear, bright
yellow, or with an orange base; disk globose or
globose-ovoid, brown-purple, s"-?" broad; chaff of
the receptacle linear-oblong, obtuse, glabrous, or
nearly so at the summit; pappus a minute crown.
In dry soil. New Jersey and Pennsylvania to Georgia,
west to Missouri and Texas. Aug.-Oct.
Gknus6o.]
THISTLE FAMILY
fi
^
6. Rudbeckia spathuliLta Michx.
vSpatulate-leaved, or Flat-headed
Cone-flower. (Fig. 3888.)
jRudheikia spalliulala Miclix. Fl. Ii(ir. Am. 2: 144. iSo;,.
reremiial; stem slender, simple, or little branched,
finely str'ijose-pubescent, i°-,5'^ I'igli. Leaves ap-
prcssinl-yubesccnt on both sides, obovate, oval, or
spatnlate, the lower 2'-.\' long, I'-iyi' wide, or the
basal ones sometimes nearly orbicular, obtuse or ob-
tusish, denticulate, narrowed into margined petioles;
upper leaves smaller, sessile, mo lly entire, oblong
and acute; heads few, or solitary, l'-i]i' broad;
bracts of the involucre short, at length rellexed;
disk depressed-globose or ovoid, about 5" broad;
rays 8-12, oblong, yellow, mostly orange at the
base; chalT of the receptacle olitnse; style-tijis
obtuse; pappus a short-toothed crown.
In dry woods, Cluster Co.. Pcnn., to TcnncssLi' and
Morida. .\ng.-Scpl.
7. Rudbeckia speciosa Weiiderotli.
Showy Coiie-flower, (Fig. 3889.)
Riiilhnkia osfii'ia I'lMs. Syn. 2: 477. 1807, 1"
Kudhi'ikia sfircioui Wiiulcr. I nil. Sein. Hon. M;irb,
182S.
Perennial, more or less hirsute or histiid: stem
branched above, 1-4^ high. Leaves linn, slender-
petioled, 2'-s' long, I '-2' wide, dentate with low
teetli, acute or sometimes acuminate, 3-5-nerved;
stem leaves .sessile or partly clasping, or narrowed
into broad margined petioles, laciniale or sharply
^ /— ^ serrate, lanceolate, acuminate, often 6' long, the
uppermost smaller and .sometimes entire; heads
.several, 2'-y broad; bracts of the involucre linear-
lanceolate, acute; rays 12-20, I'-i/i' long, bright
yellow, usually orange at the base; disk depressed-
globose, .s''-^" broad, brown-purple; chaff of the
receptacle obtusish or acute, ciliate or naked; pap-
pus a sliort crown.
In moist soil. New Jersey to Michigan, south to .Ala-
bama and .\rkansas. .\iiB.-()ct.
8. Rudbeckia laciniata L. Tall, or
Green-headed Cone-flower. (F'ig. 3S90. )
fliiiiherkid laciniata L. Sp. I'l. 906. 1753.
Perennial; stem much branched, glabrous, or
nearly so, ,s°-i2° high. Leaves rather thin, mi-
nutely pubescent on the margins and upper surface,
broad, the basal and lower ones long-petioled, often
1° wide, piunately 3-7-divided, the segments vari-
ously tootlied and lobed; stem leaves shorter-peti-
oled, ,^-5-parted or divided, the uppermost much
smaller, vlo'jed, dentate or entire; heads several or
numerous, 2'.'- 1' broad; rays 6-10, bright yellow,
drooping; bracts of the involucre unecjual; chalT of
the receptacle truncate and canescent at the a]iex;
<lisk greenish-yellow, at length oblong and twice as
long as thick or longer; pappus a short crown.
In moist thickets, (Jucbcc to Manitoba and Montana,
south to I'lorida and New Mctico, Called also Thim-
ble weed. July-Sept.
a?
4iS
COMrOSITAE.
[Vol.. III.
Clasping-leaved Cone-flower.
Rudbeckia laciniata hiimilis A. (iiay, Syii. l'"l. i: I'.irt j, ?6?. iS8|.
SinipU' or liraiicluil, Kliihrcnis or nearly so, i -3 Iiit!''. ^nine or all nf the basal Icavrs Drljiinilar
and uiulivideil; heads i '.■ :?' ' bniad; disk uhibose or ovoid. Virginia and North Carolina toTen-
nessee and GeorKia, nio:»tly in tin- nionntains.
9. Rudbeckia amplexicaulis Vahl.
( !•' ij,'. 389 ' • )
Riidl'fiKia aiii/i/iwii'iiilis Vahl. .Xcl. llavn. 2: 29. /'/.
.\ninjal; glabrous throughout, somewhat glaucous;
stem branched, grooved, i'^-2~ high, the branches
ascen<Hiig. Leaves entire, or sparingly toothed, i-
ribbed, reticulate- veined, the lower oblong to si)alu-
late, sessile, the upper ovate, ovate-oblong, or lance-
olate, acute, cordate-clasping; heads solitary at the
ends t)f the branches, long-peduncled, about 2'
broad; bracts of the involucre few, lanceolate, acu-
minate; rays yellow, or sometimes brown at the
base; disk ovoid-oblong, often becoming i' high;
achenes not angled, striate and transversely wrin-
kled, obliquely attached to the elongated receptacle;
chaff at length deciduous; pappus none.
In wet soil. Missouri to Louisiana and Texas. Jniie-
AuK.
61. RATIBIDA Raf. Am. Month. Mag. 2: 26S. 1818.
[Lki'.vciivs Raf. Jourii. I'hys. 89: 100. 1819.]
Mostly perennial herbs, with alternate pinnatcly divided or parted leaves, and long-pedun-
cled terminal heads of tubular and railiate flowers, the disk-flowers gray or yellow, becoming
brown, the rays yellow, or with brown bases, drooping or spreading. Involucral bracts m
2 or 3 series. Disk globose, oblong or cylindric. Receptacle colnninar to subulate, the con-
cave chaff subtending or enveloping the disk-flowers, truncate, the tips inflexed, canescent.
Ray-flowers neutral. Itisk-flowers perfect, fertile, their corollas with .scarcely any tube.
.•\chenes short, flattened, sharp-margined, or winged, at length deciduous with tlie chatT.
I'appus with I or 2 teetli, or none. [Name unexplained.]
.\hout 4 species, natives of North .-Vnierica.
Style-tips lanceolate siihiilale; leaf seKMients l.inceolate; rays i'- ;,' long,
.Style tips short, blunt; leaf-segments line.ir; rays ("15" long.
Disk eylindiic. at length 1 long orinore; rays mostly as long, or longer.
Disk globose to short oblong, about '_•' high; rays mostly short.
I. A'. />iiiii<i/ii.
.(•
A".
A'.
n)/iiiiiiitiiis.
Ratibida pinnata i Vent. ) Uarnhart. Crray-headed Cone-flower.
(Fig. 3892.)
A'ni//)i\iiii fiiiiiitilii \'ent. llort. Cels, />/. 7/. 1800.
I.eficiihyi piinmln T. iS; C. 1"1. N. \. 2: 1,1 \. 1,842.
h'tilihidii piumila Uarnhart. Hull. Torr. Club, 24;
410. :s,,7,
I'erennial; rough aiul strigo.se-pubescent
throughout; stetii branched or simple, ^'^-5'^
high. Leaves pinnately ,",-7-divided, the basal
ones sometimes 10' long, pelioled, the segments
lanceolate-dentate, cleft or entire, acute or
acuminate; u]iper leaves sessile or nearly so, t';e
uppermost commonly small and entire; bracts of
the involucre linear or linear-oblong, short, re-
flexed; rays4-in, bright yellow, i'-.;' long, 3"-
g" w ide,<lroo|)ing; style-tips lance-subulate; disk
oblong, gray or becoming brown, rounded, at
length twice as long as thick; chalT of the re-
ceptacle canescent at the summit; achenes com-
pressed, acutely margined, the inner margin
produced into a short tooth.
( In dry prairies. Western New York to Florida,
west to Miiniesota, Nebraska and Louisiana, June -
.Sept.
'OI.. III.
[irbiculiii
a to Tell-
er.
ing-peilun-
, l)econiin.i;
I bracts \n
e, the coii-
canesceiit.
any tube,
the chalT.
<iiiiutla.
ilti III 11(1 ri\
wer.
.1 1
lS.12.
Club, 24
pubescent
pie, 3= -5"
the basal
e sef;nients
acute or
irly so, t';e
e; briicts ol
hort, re-
' long, 3"-
bulate;(iisk
ouiidcil, at
of the re-
henes com-
ner margin
to I'loriihi,
ana. June-
(iKMS 61.]
2
THISTLE FAMILY.
419
I.,on^-lica(le<l or Prairie
Ratibida columnaris (Sims) D. Don,
Cone-flower. ( Fig. 3S93. )
A'lidhniiii (:>/ii iimni is .Sinw, Hot. Mag. />/. jfw/.
A\i/i7)n/(i co/iiiiniiii /'•: 1). Dull; Swi tt. llril, l-'l. ('i.ird.
2: y.i. i,s;^.
/,f/>Lii/iyi (ii/iimifir/s 'V. Si ''• VI N. .V. 2: ;i ;. i^l-'.
I.epachyi ciiluiiiiiiiii!, var. (miihi 1 1 una ']'. iS: I',. Idc. v
cit. iS.12. X._
I'erennial, stri,n(Ke-])iil>e.scciit ami Hcabmus;
stem slemlcr, usually branclieil, i -2',.'^ hij^b.
I,eaves thick, pinnately divided into lineai or
line.ar-olilong, acute or olituse, entire dentate or
cleft segments, the cauline short-pelioled or ses-
••■ile, 2'-.j' lon.t;, the liasal ones sometimes oblonj^,
obtuse and umlivideil, s'ender petioled; bracts of
the involucre short, linear lanceolate or subulate,
reflexed; rays 4-I11, yellow, brown at the base, or
brown all over, 4"-i5" lonji, droopinj;; disk
>;ray, eloni^ated-conic or cylindric, obtuse, at
length 3 or .} times as long as thick; chaff of the
receptacle canescent at the apex; achenes scar-
ious-margined or narrowly winged on the inner
side; pappus of i or 2 subulate teeth usually with
.several short intermediate scales.
On dry prairies, Norlli west Territory to Miiiiie-ota. .Vclir.iska, Tlx.w and .Vrizona.
nesscf. >Iay .\iig.
.Vise in Ten-
3. Ratibida Tagetes I'Jamc.s)
liarnhart. Sliort-rayed Cone-flower.
( Fig. 3894. )
ill LonK's I'"x]). 2: 6S.
K. Kc]), 4: 103.
Kiiilhickia T(ic;fles lam
iSa-;.
LefHichyi Tagetcf. \. Cray. Tac !•
is.Vj.
Ralihidii Tiii;f/es I'.arnliart. Hull. I'orr. Club. 34:
lo^i. IS')7.
Perennial, rough-canescent; stem i°-iJ4''
high, usually much branched, leafy. Leaves
firm, pinnately divided into 3-7 narrowly linear,
mostly entire segments; peduncles terminal, li'-
1' long; heads i' broad, or less; bracts of the
receptacle narrow, delle.xed; rays few, mostly
shorter than the globose to short-oval disk; style-
tips obtuse; achenes scarious-inargined; pappus
of I or 2 subulate deciduous teeth, with no short
intermediate teeth.
On dry iiliiii-- and rocky hills, Kansas to Texas,
Chihuahua, New Mexico and .\rizona. July-Sept.
62. BRAUNERIA Neck. I'.Ieiii. i: 17. 1790.
[Mc iii.NACi. \ Moench, .Metli. ,siii. 171H.]
rerennial erect branched or simple herbs, with thick black mots, thick rinigh alternate or
opposite ,^-5-nerved entire or dentate undivided leaves, and large lon.g-peduncled hea<Isof tu-
bular and radiate flowers, the rays purple, purplish or crimscm, the disk green or purple, .it
length ovoid or conic. Involucre depressed-hemispheric, its bracts lanceolate, spreading or
appressed, imbricated in 2 4 series. Receptacle conic, chalTy, the chaff carinate ami cuspi-
date. Ray-flowers neutral, or with a rudimentary pistil. I lisk-llowers perfect, the corolla
cylindric, 5-toothed. Achenes 4-sided, obpyramidal, thick. P.ippus a short ilentate crown.
[Named for Jacob Brauncr, a German botanist of the iSth century.]
Two known species, u.atives of eastern and central North .\iiitrica.
Leaves ovate or ovate lanceolate, mostly dentate. 1. IS. purpuiea.
Leaves lanceolate or oblonK-Iaiiceolate, entire. 2. It. pallida.
420
COMl'OSITAR.
[Vol.. III.
I. Brauneria purpurea (L.) Britton.
Purple Cone-ilower. Hlack Samp.soii.
(Fig- 3895-)
A'ii<//>iriia />iir/'i(ir,i I,. Sp. I'l. (yi-. 175,?.
/u/iiii(iiY(i piiiftiiica MdcikIi, Melli, .sgi. !79(.
lUaiineiia piiifyitiea liritloii, Miiii. Torr. Clul),
5: ,ui- It*';!.
Jitein gliibroiis, or sparingly hi.spid, lusiially
stout, 2°-5^ '"k''' Lower an'l l>a.sal leaves
slender-pctioled, ovate, mostly 5-iiervcd, acute
or acuiniuate at tlieapex, abruptly narrowed or
rarely cordate at the lia.se, commonly sharply
dentate, 3'-^' long, i'-,i' wide; petioles mostly
winged at the summit; ujipennost leaves lan-
ceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, sessile or
nearly so, often entire; rays 12-20, purple,
crimson, or rarely pale, 1/2' -;/ long, spreading
or drooping.
In moist, rich soil, Virginia lo .Vliiliania. west to
Illinois, Kentucky and Louisiana. Called also
Ri il Sunllower, July Oct,
2. Brauneria pallida (Nutt.)
Britton. Pale Purple Coue-llower.
(Fig. 3896.)
/fudheckiii palliila Null. Jnurn, .Vcad. I'liila. 7:
77- '8,?4.
/echinacea ani;iiilifoliit UC, I'rudr, 5: ,^=;4. i>36.
Ilrauiiei in pallitia liriltou, Mem. Tiirr. Cluh. 5:
Stem hispid, slender, often simple, l°-3^
high. Leaves lanceolate, ohlongdanceolate,
or linear-lanceolate, acute and about e<|ually
narrowed at each end, strongly .^-nerved and
sometimes with an additional pair of marginal
less di.stinrt nerves, entire, .'^'-S' long, 4"-! 2"
wide, the lower and basal ones slender-
petioled, the upper short-pctioled or sessile;
heads and flowers similar to those of the pre-
ceding species, but the rays usually shorter
and narrower, often pale.
In dry soil, espcci.iUy on prairies, Illinois Id
.\labania. west lo Minnesota, the Northwest Ter-
ritory, Nebraska and Texas. July-Oct.
63. BORRICHIA Adans. Fam. PI. 2: 130. 1763.
I'leshy, more or less cane.scent, branching shrubs of the sea-coast, with opposite entire or
denticulate, cuneate oblong spatulate or obovate, i-.^-nerved leaves, and terminal large long-
peduncled heads of both tubularatid radiate yellow flowers. Involucre hemispheric, its bracts
slightly une(|ual, imbricated in 2 or 3 series, the inner ones coriaceous. Receptacle convex,
chaffy, the chalT rigid, concave, subteuiling or enwrapping the disk-flowers. Ray-flowers pis-
tillate, fertile. Disk-flowers perfect, the corolla tubular, 5-tc)othed, the style-branches
elongated, hispid. Anthers dark-colored, entire at the base, or minutely sagittate. Achenes
of the ray- flowers 3-sided, those of the disk-flowers 4-sided. I'appus a short dentate crown.
[Named for Olaf liorrick, a Danish botanist.]
.\bout 5 species, natives of .\mcrica. In addition to the followiiiK. another occurs in South
Florida,
Gl'.Nrs 6.v]
TIIISTM-; FAMILY.
Sea
1. Borrichia frutescens (L.) DC.
Ox-eye. (.Fig. 3S97.)
Iliif>lil/i<iliiliiin /riilr\.,-in I,. Sp. I'l. cmv l7S,v
lli>>i icliia /nilesii'iis DC- Triidr. 5: 4SS. iS^).
I'itiely cnncsceiit, even wheTi old; steni'i terete, spar-
ingly branclied, l"-.t^ liiK'i- Leaves mostly erect or
asceiidiiijj;, spatiilate or o1)(>vate, obtuse or acutisli and
iinieronulate at tlie apex, fleshy, taperinj^ to the sessile
base, somewhat connate, 1'-;/ lon^, 2"-'" wide;
heads solitary or few, about i' broad; rays i,s-2,S,
rather short; exterior bracts of the involucre ovate
and somewhat spreading, the inner ones and tlie chaff
of the receptacle cuspidate.
.Seacoast, VirKinia to IMorida and Ttx.is. Also nn the
coasts of Mexico and the West Indies. April 1 kt.
64. HELIANTHUS L. Sp. PI. 904. 175;;.
Ivrect, annual or perennial, mostly branched he-bs, with opposite or alternate, simple
leaves, and large peduncled corymbose or solitary heads of I)oth tubular and radiate flowers,
the rays yellow, tlie disk yellow, brown, or purple. Involucre hemispheric, or depressed, its
bracts imbricated in several series. Receptacle flat, convex or conic, chalTy, the chatT sub-
tending the disk-flowers. Ray-flowers neutral (in our species 1, the rays spreading, mostly
entire. Disk-flowers perfect, fertile, the corolla tubular, the tube short, the limb 5-lobed.
Anthers entire, or minutely jtoothed at the base. Style-branches tipped with hirsute ap-
pendages. Achenes thick, oblong or obovate, compressed, or somewhat 4-angled. I'appus
of 2 scales or awns, or sometimes with 2-.; adilitional shorter ones, deciduous. [Greek, sun-
flower.]
About 60 species, natives of the N'lw World. lit sides llie following, about iS iilhers occur in
the soiUliern and western i)arts of North .\incrica.
.;■;. Disk purple, purplish or brown: receptacle flat or convex.
1. Leaves mostly alternate, tlie lower opposite.
Leaves narrow, linear or laiiceolali ; perennials.
Stem rougli; leaves linear or linear lanceolate: eastern.
Stem tflabrous; leaves elongated-linear; western.
Leaves hroad, ovate; annuals.
Leaves dentate; bracts ov.ite, acuminate, ciliate, liisi)id.
Leaves entire or nearly so; bracts laiicecdate, caiiescent.
2. Leaves mostly opposite, llie upper alternate.
Leaves hispid, abruptly contracted into winged petioles.
Leaves gradually narrowed into petioles.
•X- •:-;■ Disk yellow^or yellowish; receptacle convex or conic.
t Leaves >ieai/j all Inrui/ o> iirai ihe'lhase: upf>i>- biacl lUi
1. //. (iii!;iis/i/ii/iiis.
2. II. oigyalis.
},. If. a mill IIS.
.\. II. />e/i(i/an's.
,■;. //. ali\ii iihnn.
6. //. sia/iem'mus.
If. oicidnilalh.
I
t Sliins leiif'y; leii-.es allernale or ofiposilr.
Leaves prevailingly lanceolate and 5-8 times as long as wide.
a. Leives glabrous on both sides; heads I'-Ui' broad
b. Leaves scabrous, at least on the upper surface
Heads ' ^'-l '.' broad; leaves thin; stem gl.ibrous.
Heads I !j'~,(I-' broad; leaves t'lrni. many of them often alternate.
Stem scabrous, scabrate or liispid; leaves sessile or nearly so.
Leaves lanceolate, scabrous above, hirsute beneath.
Leaves elongateil-lanceolate. very scabrous on bntli sides.
Stem glabrous; leaves sessile by a truncate base.
Stem glabrous, glaucous; leaves petioled.
2. Leaves prevailingly ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or oblong.
a. I.iaves sessile, or very nearly s<
Stem gl.ibrous; leaves divaricate.
Stem hirsute or hispid leaves asci ding.
Leaves cordate-clasping at the base.
Leaves narrowed from below the middle.
b. Leaves manifestly petioled.
Stem pulieruleiit or glabrous.
Leaves membranous, slender-petioled, sharply seriiite.
Leaves firmer, shorter petioled. less serrate or entire.
Uracts of the involucre much longer than the disk.
Bracts of the involucre about e<iualling the disk.
Stem hirsute, hispid, or scabrous.
Leaves rounded or truncate at the base, short petioled.
Leaves, at lea>it the upper, narrowed at the base
Uracts of the involucre ovate-lanceolate, appressed.
//. laei'i,i:atiis.
If. microce filial IIS.
II. i;ii;aiileus.
If Afa I i III ilia II I.
If. dizai iealiis.:.
12. //. ifiosse-seiralus.
i.V II- di:ai iialiis.
i-t-
If. niollis.
If. iloioiiicoides.
10. //. itnafielatiis.
If. Ii aiheliifdliiis.
II. Sll IIIIIDSIIS.
ff. Iiirsiitiis.
20. //. laelifloius.
422
Dracls (if tlif iiiviihicru laiicccil;iti' aciiminali
Leaves villcms.piil>i-sii-nt lniRatli.
I.uaves scal)iciii> or pubLrulciil beiicatli.
coMro.siTAi:.
prcadiiisf.
[Vol.. III.
21. //. /nine 11 /OS IIS,
22, /A /iiherosiis.
I. Helianthus angustifolius L.
Narrow-leaved or .Swamp Smillowcr.
I l-'ig. :,8(jS.)
Iffliiiiilliii ^ an,S!ii^/i/oliii.\ I,. S)). I'l. ci<j6. I75.v
rt'iennial by slender rootstocks; stems branched
alMive, or simple, slender, rougli or rouKhish above,
(ii'ltti liirsute below, 2'^-'° lii.u;li- Leaves firm, entire,
sessile, linear, slif'htly scabrous, rarely somewhat ca-
nesi.enl beneath, 2'-~' lon^, 2" 3" wide, the tiiarj^ins
re\iihite \shen <lry, the upper ones all alternate, the
lower opposite; heads usually lew, sometimes solitary,
2'-^' broad; involucre hemispheric, its bracts linear-
lanceolate, acute or acundnate, scarcely s(|uarrose, pu-
bescent; rece])tacle slij^htly convex; disk purple; chalT
entire or vtoothed; rays 12 20; achenes truncate,
glabrous; pappus usually of 2 short awns.
In swatniis. Limir Island, N. Y. to I'lorida, Ki.'ntucky
ar.il Texas mainly near the co.ist. Auk -< let.
2, Helianthus orgyalis DC. Linear-
leaved vSuiillower. (Fig. ,1899.;
/A .c 'A' <""'''"« var. c;/>/;7».5 Nutt. ("iiii. 2: 177. iSiS.'
J fiiidii/lius 10 myalls DC. rrodv. 5: 5S1',. 18,^6.
Terennial by slender rootstocks; stems gla-
brous, branched near the sununit, very lealy to the
top, 6-^-in' high. Leaves sessile, entire, linciv or
nearly filiform, or the lowest lanceolate, remotely
dentate and short-petioled, rough with niucronate-
tipped papillae, especially on the lower surface.
acuminate, V-i(V long, \"-\" wide, the upper all
alternate and i nerved, the lower commoidy ojjpcj-
site; heads numerous, about 2' broad, terminating
slender branches; involucre nearly heiidspheric, its
bracts linear-subulate to lanceolate, acundnate,
s(|uarrose, ciliate; disk purple or brown; recepta:le
convex, its chaff entire, or toothed, slightly ciliate;
rays 10-20; achenes oblong-obovate, glal'rous, 2 'j "-
3" long, 2-4-awned.
On dry plains, Nebraska and Colorado t(j Texa-. CuUiv.iud
3. Helianthus annuus I„. Couuiion
Sunflower. (Fig. 3900.)
IlfliiTiilIni i aninnii L. Sp. I'l. 9o.(. I7,^v
.Stem hispid or scabrous, stout, branched above, 3°-
6' high, or in cultivated forms sometimes i,s° high.
Leaves all but the lower alternate, broadly ovate, peti-
oled, ,1-nerved, ilentate or denticulate, acute at the
apex, rough on both sides, sometimes pubescent bc-
neatli, the lower cordate at the base, 3'- 12' long;
heads in tlie wild plant 3'-6' broad; disk dark purple
or brown ; involucre depressed, its bracts ovate or ob-
long, usually long-acunnnate or aristate, hispid ciliate;
chaff of the receptacle 3 cleft; achenes obovate-oblong,
appressedpubescent, or nearly gl.abrous.
On prairies, etc., Minnesota to tlie Northwe.st Territory,
Missouri .and Texas. Mneh larger in cultivation; an occa-
sional escape in the east. ( >ld names. Cold. Oloden. Larea-
beU. Its liowers yield honey and a yellow dye : if', leaves
fodder: its seed>, an oil and fooil; and its stalks a textile
fibre. July -Sept.
tll'NUS 64.]
4.
THISTLH FAMILY
Prairie
Helianthus petiolaris Nutt
Snnllower. (Kig. 39or.)
//. fifliohtrh NilU. Ji)\irn. Acad. IMiilii. 2: ii.s. l"i.M.
Annual, similar to the i)rece(liii),' species, but smaller
and with smaller heads; stem striKose-hispid or hir-
sute, l°-X' IiikI'- Leaves all hut the lowest alternate,
petioled, oblong, ovate, or ovatc-laneeolate, rough on
both sides, usually paler beneath than above, I'-y
long, entire, or denticulate, obtuse or acutish at the
apex, mostly narrowed at the base; heails I'i'-j'
broad; disk brown; invohuTe depressed-heiiiispheric,
its bracts lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, densely
canescent, not hispid-ciliate, acute or short-acuminate;
acheues villous pubescent, at least when young.
On dry prairies, MituKsola to the Nortliwcst Territory,
and OreHoii, so\itli to Missnuti, Tcxas.iud Arizona
rarely in waste places farther ea-t. Junu-Seiit.
Hehanthus petiolaris canus llrittoti. Sleiii. Torr. Chib, 5
Pound
,Ut
IN,(-
//. feliohii is var. caiiescem A. ("ir.iy. I'l. Wri^lil i: i'»'. r-^52. N'l^t // canrsi'iis Michx. 1S03.
Leaves ovate, wliitecanesceiit beneath. Nebraska to Te.\as and New Me.xico.
Helianthus petiolaris patens - I.einu KydbivK, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: ,',34. 1894.
Jftiianllius f>ali'iis \.u\\m. Ind. Seiii. Ilaiubur^!;. i^js.
Heads larfjer, lotid peduncled. the peduncles llesliy Inwaril the top: leaves larRe, lonn petioled.
Nebraska.
5, Helianthus atrorubens L. Hairy Wood vSunflower. Purple-di.sk
Sunflower. (Fig. .•^902.)
J/fliaiilliiisali(»iiheiii I,. Sp. PI. 'iCi. ir.s;,.
I'erennial; stems hirsute below, often minutely pu-
bescent above, branched at the summit, 2°-5° liigli.
Leaves hirsute on both sides, or canescent beneath,
mostly thin, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acutish, con-
tracte<l near the base into margined petioles, dentate or
crenate-dentate, 4'-io' long,) '-4' wide, the lower op-
posite, the upper few, distant, small, mainly alternate;
heads not nmnerous, slender-pedunded, about 2'
broad; involucre hemispheric, its bracts oblong to ob-
ovate, obtuse, ciliolate, appressed; disk purple; recep-
tacle conve.x, its chalT acute, entire, or ,^-toothed; rays
lo-'o; acheues oliovate, truncate, linely pubescent,
about 2" long; p?->rius usually of 2 lanceolate awns.
In dry woods, Vki :nia to IHorid.i, west to Ohio, Miss-
ouri. .\rkatisas and Louisiana. Aug.-Uct.
Helianthus scaberhmus i;il.
Sunflower. (Fig. 3903.)
Still
//. sfahrriimus ICU. Hot. .S. C. it t".a. 2: 12,;. isjj.
//. rigiiiits Desf. Cat. Ib)rl. I'.iris, VA, ,;. is|. 1S19.
I'erennial; stems simple or little branched, hispid
or scabrate, l°-.S'' high. Leaves thick, coriaceous,
serrate or serrulate, very scabrous on both sides, 2'-
7' long, 'i'-2' wide, acute at the apex, narrowed at
the base, the lower ovate or ovate oblong, petioled,
the upper lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, sessile or
short petioled, all opposite, or the uppermost bract-
like and alternate; heads solitary or few, 2'-},' broad;
involucre hemispheric, its bracts ovate, acute or ob-
tusi.sh, ciliate; disk purple or brown; receptacle con-
vex, its chalT obtuse; rays 15-25, light yellow; acheues
more or less pubescent, oblong-obovate; pappus of 2
broad scales or of 2-4 stout awns.
Prairies, Minnesota to the Northwest Territory, soutli
to Illinois, Georgia, Texas and Colorado. .\ii(i.-Sepl.
424
COMroSlTAK.
[Vnr.. III.
8. Helianthus laevigatas T. iS: ('..
Heliaiilliiiflae-.i^alus T. iS: C. I'l. N. A. 2: ,v;". i>4-'-
Sti-ins sU'ikUt, from a perennial root, simple nr
little branelied, ylaljroiis, 01 Nomewliat j^laiu'oiis,
2°-fv liifili. Leaves nearly .ill opposite, firm,
glabrous, lanceolate, sliort-l)etioIe(l, or the upper
sessile, serrulate or entire, pale beneath, acumi-
nate, narrowed at the base, ;/ 6' long, J.'-l'j'
wide, the margins sometimes roughish; heads
few or solitary, I'-i '.'broad; involucre campanu-
late, its bracts lanceolate or ovate -lanceolate, lirm,
ciliolate, the tips of the outer ones spreading;
rays =;-ici; disk yellow; chaff linear; achenes
slightly pubescent at the summit; pappus of 2
lanceolate or ovate awns, with or without 2 inter-
uiediatc scales.
7. Helianthus occidentalis Kiddell.
Few-leaved Sutillower. (Fig. .v;o4.)
//. .hciitnit.ili^ Kidil. .Suplil. Cat. Dhio IM. n. I><.i6.
rerennial; stems appressed-pubescent or some-
times nearly glabrous, slender, mostly simple, 2''-3°
high. Leaves mainly basal, (inn, ovate or oblong-
lanceolate, (.bluse or obtusish at the apex, narrowed
at the base, v.snerved, serridale or entire, scalirous
above, pubescent beneath, with slender ])elioles of
about their own length; steici usually bearing I or 2
pairs of small distant leaves; heads several or soli-
tary, i'j'-2'j' broad; involucre hemispheric, its
bracts lanceolate or ovate- lanceolate, acute or acumi-
nate, generally ciliate, .ippressed; receptacle convex,
its cliaff acute; disk yellow; rays i.!-i,s; achenes
truncate ami pubescent at the summit; pappus of 2
lanceolate-subulate awns.
In dry soil, (iliin to Miinusota. south to I'lorida an<l
Missouri. .\iiB. Sept.
vSiuooth Sunflower. (Fig. 390,5.)
In dry soil, mountains (
lina. .AuR. Oct.
if \ irtjiniaand North Caro-
9. Helianthus microcephalus T. &G.
Small Wood Sunflower. (Fig. 3906.)
lieliaiilliKs par:'i/fi>i IIS Hernli.; .Spreng. Syst. 3:
61;. 1826. Not 11. U.K. 1820.
Hil in II III IIS mid iHifilicliis T. S: (5. Kl. N. A. 2:
329. I.S.)2.
Stems slender, glabrou.s, branched above, or
rarely simple, 3'^-6^ I'igh. Leaves thin or thin-
nish, petioled, most of them opposite, lanceo
late, or the lower ovate-lanceolate, rough .above,
canescent or puberulent beneath, long-acumi
nate at the apex, narrowed <it the base, serru-
late, or the lower .serrate, ^'--' long, '/i'-iyi'
wide; heads commonly several or numerous,
borne on slender, sometimes roughish pedun-
cles, 'i'-i '4' wide; involucre campanulate, its
bracts lanceolate or ovate, acute or acuminate,
ciliolate, the tips of the outer ones spreading;
chalT of the receptacle oblong, entire, or 3-
toothed; rays 5-10; disk yellow; achenes nearly
glabrous; pappus usually of 2 subulate awns.
In moist woods and along streams. Pennsylvania to Geotgia, west to Ohio, Missouri and Louisi-
ana. July-Sept.
Ckms 6(.]
THISTI.lv I-'AMILY.
425
10. Helianthus giganteus h. Tall or
Ciiant Sinillower. (I'iK- 3^07. )
rereiiiiial l)y tlusliy roots and creeping rootstocks;
stems liispid or siahrous, at least aliove, bram-lied
near the sninniit, or simple, ,v' 12' 'ligli. Leaves
sessile or sliort petioled, firm, lanceolate, very rough
above, roiigh-pubesient beneath, serrate or denticu-
late, acuminate at the apex, narrowed at the base,
many or all of the upper ones alleriiale but sometimes
all opposite, 2'-6' long, 'j'-i' wide; heads usually
several, mostly longpedunded, i.'i'-i'j' broa<l;
involucre hemispheric, its bracts s(iuarrose, lanceolate-
subulate, hirsute or ciliate, connnordy as long as the
diameter of the yellowi:ih disk; ch.ilTof the receptacle
oblong-linear, acute; achenes oblong, glabrous; rays
10-20; pappus of 2 subul.'ite awns.
In swaiiip-i and wil nuadows, Maine and Ontnrio to
till Northwiv-t TrrrilDry, soutli to I'lorida, Nebraska and
Louisiana. Stein cuuununly i)urple. Alls;.- I )ct.
Helianthus giganteus subtuberosus (liourKcau ) hritton.
th'lidnlhiis sii/i/ii/iri :i\ii-: liourjfeau; A. Ciray, Syn. I'l. l: Part 2, 271').
I'lesliy mots thick and edible. Leaves more broadly lanceolate and more
largely opposite. Michigan and Mimiesota to tlie Nortliwist Territory.
serrate,
II. Helianthus Maximiliani Schracl.
Maximilian's Stinflower. (Fig. ;i9o8.)
Iltliaiillnii Ml! I imi/i'ani Schrad. Ind. Scin. Ilort.
(".(.elt. kS',5.
rerennial by fleshy roots and thickened root-
stocks; stems stout, scabrous or hispid below, 2^-12°
high. Leaves sessile or short petioled, long-lanceo-
late, folding in drying, alternate or the lower op-
posite, very rough on both sides, rigid, acuminate
or acute at both ends, denticulate or entire, .i'-7'
long, ,'2''-i'i' wi<le; heads few or mmierous, 2'-y
broad on stout densely rougli-pube.scent peduncles;
involucre hemispheric, its bracts lanceolate, acumi-
nate, squarrose, densely strigose-pubesceut, often
9" long; disk yellowish; rays 15-30; chalT linear,
acute, pul)escent above; achenes linear-oblong,
glabrous or nearly so; pappus commonly of 2
lanceolate awns.
On dry prairies, Minne. ota anil Manitoba lO tlie
NorlhWLSt Territory, Nebraska and Te.\as. Aug.-Oct.
12. Helianthus grosse-serratus Martens.
Saw-tooth Sunflower. (Fig. ,1909.)
I filiaiilliHs ffiossi terrains Martens, Sel. Seni. Hort.
Loveu. 1830.
Perennial by fleshy roots and slender root-
stocks; stems glabrous, glaucous, branched above,
6°-io° high, the branches usually strigose-pubes-
cent; leaves long-lanceolate, slender-petioled, the
upper alternate, the lower opposite, longacnminate,
narrowed at the base, sharply serrate, or merely
denticulate, the uppermost entire, rough above,
densely pidierulent or cane.scent beneath, 4'-8'
long, %'-l' \\'u\n\ heads several or numerous, i\i'-
3' broad; involucre hemispheric, its bracts scpiar-
rose, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, hirsute; chafT
"ncar-oblong, pubescent at the summit, acute, of-
;:n 3- toothed; disk yellowish; rays 10-20, deep
yellow; achenes nearly glabrous; pappus of 2
lanceolate awns.
On prairies. Pennsylvania to South Dakota, Missouri
and Texas. Reported from further east. .Vng.-Oct.
426
CO.MI'OSITAK.
[Vol,. III.
ii
HelianthuK Nuttallii T. S: Ci., a lnw Kocky Moiintiiiti |)l.iiit willi sih.iIUt liriiilM, jiIiikKt usually
sinipU sti'tn, ami i iitirc or sirruliltL' Iravc-s, mi ly mcur iti the wiitirii ))^irt of mir ana.
13. Helianthus divaricatus L. UoiikIi
or Woodland Suiillower. ( Fij^. 31^10. )
Jlelidiillnis iliviii idiliis I, Sj). I'l. i;ii(i. I7s,i
riTemiiiil by slondtT rootsloiks; stciii ^lahrous
iliniuxliout, or pii)>fsi-iMit at llic suttiinit, sleiulcr,
3°-;" lii(,'li. I.cavos usually all opposite, divHricati',
lanoi'olali' orovate-laiiccolBtf, t'lriu, lii'iilatf ordcn-
tii'ulatf, .? uiTvtvl, rouuli aliovo, jjubpsceiit l)f-
lu-atli, sf.ssilv, or nearly so by a truiu'ate base,
tapering; Kradually to the loiij^-aeutninate apex, 3'-
.S'lonj;, '4' ','j' wide: heads few or solitary, about
2' l)nia<l, borne on stri^ose-pubescent i)eduni'les;
involucre hemispheric, its bracts lanceolate or
ovate-lanceolate, strij;ose or hirsute, the outer ones
sjireadinn; disk yellow, raysS-i,=i; chalT of the re-
ceptacle apiculate; nchenes jjlabrons; pappus of 2
short subulate awns.
Ill dry wiiiMllaiids, Ontario to the Norlliwest Terri-
torv. '•oiilli to I'Mniula, Nebraska .iiid Louisiana. July
Sei)t.
14. Helianthus mollis I,am. Hairy
Sunflower. (Fig. ,v;ii.)
Ifiliaiillius nii'llis I,am. ICiicycl. 3: 85. 1789.
rerennial; stem stout, simple, or sparingly
branched above, densely hirsute or hispid, 2°-4°
high. Leaves ovate or ovnt'.-lanceolate, closely
sessile and somewhat daspiiij^ by a broad cordate
base, pinnately veineil, ;,-nerveil above the base, all
opposite, or the upper alterniite, ascendinj,', acute
or acuminate, scabrous or cinereous-pubescent ■Vy',^^
above, densely and finely pubescent beneath, serru-
late, 2'-5' long, i'-2'j' wide; heads solitary or few,
2'-y broail; involucre hemisplieric, its bracts
lanceolate, acuminate, densely villous canescent,
somewhat spreading; disk yellow; lays 15-25; chalT
canescent at the summit; mature achenes nearly
glabrous; pappus of 2 lanceolate scales.
In dry barren soil. Ohio to (".torKia, west to Iowa,
Mis.souri and Texas. Aug. -Sept.
15. Helianthus doronicoides Lain.
Oblong-leaved Sunflower. (Fig. 3912.)
Ilelianlhtii Joronkoides I.am. Iviicyel. 3: 8). 1789.
rerennial by slender rootstocks; steins .stout,
rough, or finely rough-pubescent, branched above,
?\°7~° high. Leaves oblong, ovate-oblong, or ovate,
tliirk, ascending, .serrate or serrulate, acute oracumi-
nate at the apex, narrowed at or below the middle to
a se.ssile or slightly clasping base, rough on both
sides, or finely pubescent beneath, somewhat ^-nerved,
4'-S' long, 1 '-2 '.'wide; heads commonly numerous,
lli' V broad; invcducre hemispheric, its bracts
lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent or hirsute, some-
what spreading; disk yellow; rays 12-20, .\" d"
wide; achenes glabrous; pappus of 2 subulate awns.
In dry soil, (/liiotu Michigan, Missouri and Arkansas.
Aug. -.Sept.
(".liNlH (>.|.
TIIISTI.I', I'A.MILY,
427
16. Helianthus decapetalus I<. Thiii-
loaved '>r Wild SiiiiIIdwct. ( Fig, 3913.)
Ililiiiitlliii' ,/<;<i/<r/iiliii I, S|). I'l. 'HIS I7.s,v
I'LTLMiiiial by lirimi'licil, soiiieliiiiL's tliicketii'il
niotstiuks; stftii -.Ifiidir, ulabrous or nearly so,
liraiutii'd ahove, 1" 5' lii^;li; braiulics pulifnileiit.
heaves iliiii or iiii'iiilir.mous. y S' loiin, 1' ,4' wide,
ovati' or ovatt'-laiu'i'olali', tin- lower all oi)|)ositi'
and sk'iider-pi'lioleil, tlie iijiper loiniiionly altiMiiatf,
all usually sharply si'iratr, roujjliisli above, liiiely
but often si)ariii(i;ly pubescent beneatli, aininiuate,
the rounded or truncate base deiurrent on the peti-
ole; heads iiuinertuis, 2' ;,' broad; invi)luere heini-
spherie, its braets lineardaneeolate, acuiniiiate,
hirsute, ciliate, sjireadinj;, often lonj^er tb;"i the
yellow disk; rays S 15, linht yellow ; ehalT entire or
3-toothed. pnbesi-ent at the apex; aehenes j^labrous;
pappus of 2 subulate awns.
In iiuiist Wddds anil almiy: stnains, Oiu-Ih e lo MIelii
umi, siiutli to '.eurjiia and KintuiUy. Ann. Sipt.
17. Helianthus tracheliifdlius Mill.
Throatwort Stiuilower. ( Fig. 39 1 4. )
l/,'h'anlliiii liiuheliifolius Mill. Card. Diet. VA. S, No. 7.
1 7')8.
Similar to the following species, but the stem usually
rouj^hish-pubeseent. Leaves sliort-petiided, ovatelau-
eeolate, ^-nerved near the base, ^reeii both sides, but
darker above, j;enerally rougher on thi' upper sur-
face, the lower ones sharply serrate; branches and pe-
duncles scabrous; heads several, lYi' ;v'i' broad; bracts
of the hemispheric involucre linear-lanceolat', long-
acuminate, ciliate and puberulent, longer than the yel-
low disk, sometimes foliaceous, and 3 limes its length
In dry soil, I'einisylvania and Ohio to Wisl "isin.
Au|{. ise])t.
18. Helianthus strumosus I,. Pale
leaved Wood Sunflower. (Fig. 3915.)
Jft'liaiillnis sliumosiis I.. Sj). I'l. i)o,S- 17,S.V
I'erennial by branched, .sometimes tuberous-
thickened rootstocks; stem glabrous below, some-
times glaucous, 3° 7° high, branched above, the
branches usually pubescent. J,eavesshort-petioled,
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, not mend)ranous, rough
above, pale and somewhat puberulent or cauesceiit
beneath, serrate, serrulate, or nearly entire, ac\nui-
nate, contracted much l)elow the middle and decur-
rent on the petiole, 3-nerved above the base, ,^'-!s'
long, i' 2 '2' wide, mostly opi>osite, the nppei often
alternate; heads commonly several, 2'. '-4' broad;
involucre hemispheric, its bracts lanceolate or ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate, c(iualling or a little
longer than the diameter of the yellow disk; rays
5-l.s; chaff pubescent; achenes nearly glabrous.
In dry woo<ls and on banks, sr,iinc and Ontario to Minnesota, O orgia and Arkansas. July-.Sept.
Helianthus strumosus macrophyllus (Willd.) liritton. Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 335. 1894,
Hdiaiilhus macrof^hvlliis Willd. Hurt. lierol. />/. 70. 1806.
lleUaiithus mollis Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 22(0. 1804. Not I,ani. 17S9.
//. sIriiiiiosKi var. mollis T. & V,. Kl. N. A. 2: 327. 1S42.
Leaves linely and densely c.inesccnt beneatli. Massachusetts to Pennsylvani i and Iowa.
COMroSITAR.
LVoi.. III.
Helianthus hirsiitus trachyphyllus 'I'. \ t',
I.i'avis tliic'k, vitv rotiKh mi Ixitli siiKs; luails laimi;
iiiviihictal biMcls moiv spuailiiitj. NcUiaska to Arkansas.
20. Helianthus laetiflorus Pers. Showy
vSuulloucr. {Viii- ,1917.)
lliliaullni'^ hielilti'i us Pits. Syii. 2: .1711. 1S17.
I'crcnuial; stt'iii scabrous or liisiiid, U'aly, .t°-S'^
lii).;li. IvoavL's oval-laiicfolate or ovaU- laiu'eolatt",
sliort-pt'tiolcil, ^iH'rved, roiij;li on liotli si<lcs, nar-
rowed at the base, lonj^-acuniinalc at tlic a])ex, serrate
or serrulate, .('-in' long, 'i'-l'i'wiile, tlie tijjper of-
ten alternate; heads usually several, i' -.\' broad,
mostly shortpeihnieled; braets of the heinispherie
involucre ovate-lanceolate, or oblony-lanceolate, im-
bricated in only 2 or 3 series, ciliate, otherwise nearly
glabrous, appressed or l)ut little spreadinij, sliorter
than or e(|nallinj; the yellow disk; rays 15 2,s, showy;
chatT of the receptacle entire, or sometimes vtoothed.
On .Mairies and barrens, I'tnnsylvania and Ohio to
Minm:..ita. Auk. Sept.
19. Helianthus hirsutus Raf. vStilT-
liaired Sunflower. ( I'ig. ,VJif'. )
lliliaulhus liii stilus Kaf. \\\\\. Nat. 1 ). iSai.
I'erennial; stem densely hirsute, usually branclieil
alH)VC, stout, rigid, 2° 4" high. Leaves ovate-lance-
olate or the upper lanceolate, rounded, truncate or
subcordate at the base, acuminate at the a]ie.\, tliick,
very rough above, rough-pubescent l)eneath, ,v
nerveil, serrate or serrulate, 3' (>' long, ■_, ' 2' wiile,
short-petioled, or the uppermost sessile, nearly all
ojiposite; heads usually .several, 1' y :' broad; in-
volucre hemispheric, its l)racts lanceolate, or ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, ciliate, mostly i>uberulent,
erector but slightly spreading, ec|uallinL; or shorter
than the yellow disk; rays 12 i,s; chalT obtnsish,
pubescent at the summit; achenes oval, rounded at
the summit, glabrous; pappus of 1 or 2 subulate awns.
In iby soil, IVniisylvania and ()hio to Wisconsin,
south to West X'iininia, ('.eotnii and Texas. Inly Oct.
I'l. N. \. 2- \;i). iS|?.
21. Helianthus tomentosus Michx.
Woolly vSuiillower. (l''ig. 39iJ^.)
IlitiaulUus lotit.'ulosus Michx. I'M. Itor. Am. 2: i.(i.
iSoi.
I'ereiniial; stem stout, hirsute or hispid, especi-
ally above, branched, .|^ lo" high, Leaves rather
thin, ovate, or the lower oblong, mostly alternate,
Vribbed above the base, gradually or abrtiptly con-
tracted into margined petioles, rough alxivc, softl\
villous]>ubescent beni'ath, sparingly serrate, the
lower often 1" long and .4' wide; heads commonly
several or numerous, ,;'- t' broad; involucre hemi-
spheric, its bracts imbricated in ni.my series, linear-
lanceolate, long acuminate, s(|uarrose, densely hir-
.sute and ciliate, usually longer than the broad
yellowish disk; chalT of the recejitacle and lobes of
the disk corollas pubescent; pappus of 2 subulate
awns.
In dry soil, Virifinia todeorKia and Alahaiua. Ke
ported f I otn Illinois. .\uK.-Oct.
<'ii;nis (!.(.]
THISTI.H I'AMIIA'.
429
iSS.|,
Xorlliwcst 'IViii
22. Helianthus tuberdsus L. Jerusalem
Artichoke. I'larth Apple. (I-'ig. 3919.)
I'freiiiiial l)y llcsliy tliii'kined roolstoi-ks, boiiriiig
tubers; stems liirsuteor piilicsrctil, hraiiilied above,
6°-i2° liijjb. Leaves ovate or ovale-ol)U>ii}{, firm,
.^-nerved near the base, narrowed, or the h)\ver
rounded, truniale or subrordate at the l)ase, afumi-
nate at the apex, rather loiig-petioled, scabrous
al)ove, litiely pul)es:'enl beneath, serrate, )' S' lout;,
1 ';' y wide, the upper aUernate, the h)wer opposite;
heads several or numerous, 2' ;■,'•' broad; involu-
cre hemispheric, il^. bracts lanceolate, aiinninate,
liirsuteor ciliate, si|uarrose; disk yellow; rays 1 j 20;
chalT ol the r.-ceptacle .icute and pubescent at tlie
summit: acluii.'s pubescent.
Ill luiii-t soil, New liriuiswick aii<l (iiitariii to the
Noitliwt^t Teiiitorv south to l">coij;ia and Arkansas.
( Ifteii occuis aliiiin KKuNides in the east, a lelic of eul-
tivalioii hv the aborigines. Now extensively ^rowii
for its edible luliei-. Calliil aKo Canada I'litalo, (lira
Mite, To|iiiiaiiilioiir. .Sept (let.
Hcliniitlius tulierosus subcaneacens A. ('.ray, Syn. I'l. i: I'arl j: jS.).
I.iiwii; Uavis (U'lisi'ly while eaiiesceiit b.'iie.ith. I'lairies. .Minnesota to the
toiy, simtli to Missouri.
65. VERBESINA I,. Sp. PI. 901. 1753.
[At riMiMr.uis Nntt. ("Ten. 2: iSi. iN|S. ]
rerennial or iiinual, pubescent or scabrous herbs 1 some tropical specie-j shrubby 1, with
alternate or opposite leaves often decurrent on the stem and branches, and corymbose or soli-
tary heads of both tubular .ind radiate yellow or white flowers, or the rays sometimes wantinjj.
Involucre campaiiulaleor he iiispheric, its bracts imbricated in few series. Receptacle convex
or conic, chalTy, the ehalT embracinj; the disk-llowers. Kay-llowers jiistillate or neutral. 1 )isk-
flowers perfect, mostly fertile, their corollas with an expaniled 5-lobed limb, usually longer
than the tube. Style branches of the disk-llowers with acute pajiillose appenda^jes. .Xeheties
flattened, or those of the ray-flowers .^ sided, their margins winded, or win>;less. I'appus of 2
i, 1-5) subulate awns, sometimes with 2 or 3 intermediate scales. ( Name altered from / 'rr/>iihi. |
.\ kii^e neiuis, variously lestrietcd by authors, mainly natives of the New World, Hesidcs the
foUowiiiK, about h others occur in the southern and soutliwesleni I'nited .States.
Involucre eanipanulate, 2"-,V' broad; heads small, luimerons.
Leaves alternate; rays white. l. / ". I'iii^iiiiia.
Leaves iii)p<isite; rays yellow. 2. V. ociidenlalh.
liivohiere heiuisplicrie, 7" 12" broad; lieails few, large.
Leaves ovate, sessile, serrate. t,. I'. In'liaiilliKiilfs.
Leaves deltoid, iietioled, coarsely dentate. I I', iinelioiilfs.
Invohiere of ,1 few, at length dellexed hiaets; disk Rlobose. 5. / '. aUei ui/olia.
I. Verbesina Virginica I,. Small White
or \'irgitiia Crownbeard. ( Kig. 3920, )
\'nhrsina l'i>i;iiiiiii L Sp. I'l.iioi. I7,s.i.
Perennial; stem densely pnhernlent, terete or
wiiij,'ed, siin]ile or branched, ,V-<' '"nh. Leaves
usually thin, alternate, o\ate, rouj^liish above,
piibernleut, canescent or ^labiate hener'.h, acute or
acumiuate at the ajiex, .|' lo' loiiK, 1' y' wide, con-
tracted at the base into win),'ed petioles, the upjier-
A'A most sessile, lanceolate, smaller, often entire; heads
''\\\ corymbosc-j)aniculate at the ends of tlie stem and
branches, numerous, ()"-io" bro.id; involucre
<ibloiij;campanulate, 2"-}," broad, its bracts nar-
rowly lanceolate, erect, obtuse, ])ubcsceiit; rays ,?-,s,
obovale, white, jiistillale; achenes minutely pubes-
cent, winded or wingless; ji.'ippus of -• slender awns,
or sometimes none.
Ill dry soil, I'ltinsylvania (aeeonlin^; to Micliaiix),
Viixinia to Illinois and Missouri, south to I'lorida and
'I'exas. Autf. -.Sept.
430
COAirOSITAK.
[Vor.. III.
2. Verbesina occidentalis (h.) Walt. Small Yellow Crownbeard.
(Fig. .V)2i.)
Sirgeslifckia nitiiini/iilii I,. S|). I'l. yf»i. i7.s,v
I 'rr hi\uiiti i>r(ii/iii/ii/i.\ Wall. 1"I. Car, 2i,v 17SS.
/ '. Si>-i;f\/it;/:iti Miclix. I'M. linr. Am. 2; T^). 180,?.
rcrciinial; stem glabrous, or inilnMiiIent abovi',
usually mui'li liramlied, uarrowly .(-wingeil, 3'
7° liinl'i lilt-" braiiclii's also wiiijjed ami puhes-
I't'Ut. Leaves lliiii, ovate, or the ujiper ohloug,
opposite, uiinutely rougli pubeseeiit ou bolli
sides, or glabrate, aeuuiinate at the apex, iiar
rowed oreoiitracted below intosleuiler niarjjiiied
or naked ]H-tioles, serrate, ('-lo' loiiK. >'-,^'-•'
wide; heads uuiiurous, h" 12" broad, corym-
bose at the ends of the stem and branehes; in-
voluere oblonjj-eainjianulate, 1" }," broad, its
bracts lanceolate, oljtuse, erect, or the tips
slightly spreading, jiubescent; rays 1-5, yellow,
usually pistillate, rarely none; achenes wingless;
pappus of 2 slender, at length divergent awns.
In dry thickets and dii liillsidts. Marvland and
southern IVnnsylvania to Illinois, south to I'lorida
and «'.eorgia. Aug. -Oct.
3. Verbesina helianthoides Michx.
Sunflower Crownbeard. (Fig. 3922.)
I'tihrsina hrliaiilhoiiles Jlichx. I'l. Kor. .\ni. 2: 135.
1S03.
Ailiiii'iiici is Itcliaiitliohles Nutt. den. 2: 181. 1818.
I'erennial; stem hispid or hirsute, 4-winged, u.^> -
ally simple, 2°-X^ '"K*'- Leaves ovate or oval, ses-
sile, acute, acuminate or obtuse at the apex, nar-
rowed at the base, serrate or serrulate, rough or
appressed-hispid above, densely pubescent or ca-
nescent beneath, 2'-4' long, I'-l '2' wide, all alter-
nate, or the lower opposite; lieails .solitary or few,
2'-},' broad; involucre heuiispheric, about 'i' high.
itsl)racts lanceolate, acutish, canescent, appressed;
raysS-15, pistillate or neutral, linear oblong, yel-
low; achenes scabrous or pubescent, broadly
winged; pappus of 2 subulate awns.
On ilry prairies and in thickets, Ohio to Ciiiirtjia,
west to Iowa, Missouri and Te-xas. Jinie July.
4. Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) A.
Gray. Golden Crownbeard. (Fig. 392;,. )
Xiiiifiifsia <-ihf/i,'i\/<\ Cav. Icon. 2: 60. />/. /,-'''. 170;.
/'. /■ii,f/i(ii,/rs A. Cray, Syu. I'M. I: Part 2. 2>S. 18s |.
.Vinuial; stem deu.sely puberulent, much branch-
ed,! "-2 ' high. Leavesdeltoidovate or deltoid-lan-
ceolate, thin, 2'-.;' long, acuminate, acute ot blunt
at the apex, coarsely dentate, or even laciniate,
green and iliinntely pube.scent above, ])ale and
densely canescent beneath, all alternate, or the low-
est opposite, narrowed at the base into naked or
wing-tnargined petioles, which are often proviiled
\\itli dilated appendages at the base; heads several
or iiumero\is, 1 '-2' broad; involucre hemispheric,
about I2' high, its bracts lanceolate, canescent; rays
12-15, '""ight golden yellow, ^-toothed; achenes of
the disk-llowers obovate, winged, pubescent, their
•* pappus of 2 subulate nwiis; those of the ray-llowers
[Tj rugose, thickened, often wingless,
ij^y In moist soil, Kansas to Texas, .Arizona and Mexico.
Also in Florida and widely distributed in warm regions
as a weed. Summer,
CiIiNTS fis.]
TIIISTLH FAMILY.
431
5. Verbesina alternifolia (h.) Uritton.
Actiiionieris. (Imk- 3924.)
Coicoft.sis aUr>iii/'i<liu I,. Sp. IM. <**). 175,1.
Adiiimiiiiis si/iiiii I I'Ki Null. (".en. 2: 181. iSiS.
Adinoiiitifi <illc) iii/'oliii DC. rrmlr. 5, 575. 1S36.
I't-r/u'siiKt ii//i'i iii/o/ia liiiUoli; Kianiry, Hull. Torr.
Cluli, 20: .1S5, iSii;.
Perennial; stem pubenilciil or j^labrinis, narrowly
winged, or windless, simple, or branclicd near the
summit, leafy, .\°-'.)' liigli. Leaves ohlony-lanceo-
late or laiieeolate, aenininate, seriate, serrulate or
entire, ronj;h or rounhij-h on both sides, j^radually
narrowed to the sessile base, or the lower short-
petioled, 4'-i.'' long, '.'-2>^' wide, sessile, short-
pelioled, alternate, or the lower oppo.site and slen-
der-petioled; heads numerous, i'-2' liroad, corytii-
hose-panicnlate; rays 2-10, yellow; involuere of few
lanceolate, .it length deflexcd bracts; disk globose,
yellow; achenes broadly winged or nearly wingless,
sparingly pubescent; pappus 2 divergent awns.
In rich soil, New ]i isey to wi stern New York, Iowa.
Florida and I,oiii>iaiia. Aujc. Sept.
66. COREOPSIS L. Sp. PI. 907. 1753.
.Annual or perclinial, mostly erect herbs, with opposite leaves, or the upper alternate,
and large Iong-peduncle<I heads of both tubular and radiate flowers, the rays yellow, orbrowu
at the base, or brown throughout, or pink. Involucre usually lieniisplieric, its bracts in 2
distinct series, all united at the base, those of the outer series commonly narrower and shorter
than the inner. Receptacle flat or slightly conve.x, chafly, the chalT Hat or concave. Kay-
ilowcrs neutral. Disk flowers perfect, fertile, their corollas with .slender tube and broader
5-toothed lituh. Anthers mostly entire at the base. Style-tips truncate or subulate.
Achenes flat, orbicular to oblong, winged or wingless. Pappus of 2 short teeth, or a mere
coroniforni border, or none. [Creek, bug like, referring to the achenes.]
.\bout 50 s))icies, natives of Aiucrici, South .Xfrii'a and .\ustralasia, known as Ticksecd. In
addition to the foUowintf, some lonthers occur in tlic Sdullurn and western I'nited States.
•'/.■ Rays pink, or occasionally white; leaves linear, entire, r. C. nhu'ti.
•:: Rays yellow with a brown base, or brown; lower leaves pinnately divided.
Lobes of tlie lower leaves oblong; or ov.il ; aclieiies winned. 2. C. lardiinihic/olia.
Leaf lobis all linear-lanceolate; achenes windless. v C tinchtria.
->;• -;;• ■;;■ Rays yellow throughout.
1 . Leaves scssiU . rigid, palniatily ,i-lobed below the middle. 4. C. (lahnala.
2. Leaves sessde, some or all i divided to the base, appearing verticillate.
Leaf segments oblong or lanceolate, entire. ,S. C". major.
Leaf setrmenls 1-2 pinnately parted.
Divisions of the scKmeuts linear lanceolate.
Divisions of the segments very narrowly lunar.
3. Stem leaves sessile or petioled, entire, or the lower .^-.^lohed; acllene^
each end on the inner side,
("ilabriius or ne.irly so: steii^ leave-^ lanceolate; aclienes winged. 8.
I'lanls hirsute, hispid or pubescent at Iciist helnw.
I'lailt leafy, -''.| liigh: .sit 111 leave- iililoii.i;-, aeiUi-li. 9
Leaves few; plants 1 -2 high: stem leave- nio-lly obtuse.
.\elienes broadly winged, b.i-al leaves oblong. 10
Achenes n.ivrowly winged; l);isal leaves nearly orbicular. [ 1
4. Leave-, or ino-l of them, I .■ parted into liiuMr -egmeiits; rays lobed. 12.
5. Leaves petinled, all but the upper pinnately ;-5 divideil. i.iys entire, ij
). C dclp/ihti/o/ia.
'. C. vei liiilliila.
iften with a callus at
. C. hiiurolala.
7. C. f'lthfsci'iix.
1, C. iui.\sifi>!ia.
C. aiirii iihila.
C. granciitliiia.
;. t'. I> iptei is.
I, Coreopsis rosea \utt. Small Rose or
Pink Tickseed. (Fig. 3925.)
Coiropsis ni.si-d Nutt. Cen. 2; 179. 181S.
Perennial by slender rootstocks; stems at length
much branched, slender, strict, glabrous, 6'-24' high.
Leaves opposite, linear, glabrous, entire, obscurely
1 nerved, I'-a,'^' long, ,'2"-!'' wide, sessile, or the
lower petioled; heads slender-pedunded, several or
numerous, 6"-i2''' broad; disk yellow; rays 4-.S, pink
or rose-colored (occasionally white), oblong to obo-
vate, slightly .vtoothed or sometimes entire; inner
bracts of the hemispheric nvolucre ovate-oblong,
acutish or obtuse, glabrous, much longer than the
lanceolate outer ones; style-tips yellow, truncate;
achenes oblong or linenr-oblong, thin, not winged,
nearly straight, slightly ribbed on the inner face;
pappus a very short truncate crown.
In open swamps, eastern Massachusetts to (>eorgia,
near the coast. Jnly-Augf.
432
COMPOSITAI-;.
[Voi,. III.
Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.
Tickseed. (Fig. 3927.
2. Coreopsis cardaminefolia (DC.)
T. & C Cress-leaved Tickseed.
(Fig. 3926.)
Callii'psis cardamhif/olia PC. I'rodr. 5: ,s(i8. 1S36.
Coirop.u's cardamine/olia T. iV C. Fl. N. A. 2: 346.
1 8-12.
.\niuial; stem Rlabroiis, branched, :°-2)-2° liigh.
liasal leaves pelio'.ed, 2'-\' loiij;, i-j-piiiiiatcly
parted into oblong; or oval obtuse scj^incnts, the
petioles sometimes slij;litly ciliate; stem-leaves dis-
tant, sessile, or nearly so, pinnately parted into lin-
ear segments, or the uppermost entire; heads S"-
12" broad, slendcr-peduncled; involucre hemi-
spheric, its inner bracts brown, ovate or ovate-
lanceolate, obtuse or obtusisli, scarious-margined,
much longer than the lanceolate obtusisli outer
ones; rays 4-S, yellow with a brown base, .^-toothed;
achenes oval, i"-i'2" long, winged, smooth, or
slightly papillose; pappus of 2 minute awns, or none.
Ill iiioiiit soil, Kansas lo Xc \v Mexico, Louisiana and
iioitliiTii MLxicii. Jlay Oct.
(iarden
Coienf>sis /iiw/on'a Null. Jouni. Acad, I'liila. 2. u\.
1 821.
Annual; stem j^labrous, branched, l°-3'2°high.
Leaves 1-2-pinnately divided into linear obtusisli
mostly entire segments, or the uppermost linear
.ind entire, the lower pctiolcd; heads slcnder-pe-
duncled, io"-i2''' broad, or in cultivation much
broader; involucre hemispheric, its inner bracts
brown, ovate or oblong, obtuse or acute, scarious-
margined, ,^-5 times as long as the obtuse outer
ones; rays 6-10, cuneate, yellow with a brown
base or brown all over; style-tips truncate; achenes
linear or linear-oblong, about i" long, wingless;
pappus a mere border, or none.
In moist soil, Minnesota to the Northwest Tirri-
torj-, south to Nebraska, Louisiana and Arizona. Es-
caped from gardens to roadsides and waste places
eastward. May-Sept.
Coreopsis palmata Nutt.
Tickseed. (Fig. 3928.)
Oiren/iMs f><ih)ia/a yiwll. Cvw. 2: 180. i8i3.
I'erennial, stems rigid, glabrous, simple, or
little branched, very leafy, 1° 3° high. Leaves
sessile, 2'-^' long, palmately 3-lol)ed at or be-
low the middle, or the uppermost entire, thick,
rigid, the lobes linear-oblong, obtusisli, entire,
or with 1-3 lateral lobes, their margins rough;
heads few or solitary, 5liortpe<luncled, i'-2'
broad; involucre hemirpheric, its bracts some-
what united at the base, those of the outer series
narrower and nearly as long as the inner ones;
rays 6-10, bright yellow, oblong or obovate,
mostly ;vtootlied; achenes oblong, narrowly
winged, slightly incurved; pappus of 2 short
lips, or none.
On dry prairies and in tliickels. Illinois to I,ou
isiaiia. west to Minnesota, Manitotw, Nebraska and
Texas. June-July.
Gkm's bf^]
TIIISTI.R FAMILY.
433
A
Stiff
5. Coreopsis mlljor Walt. Wood, or
Oreater Tickseed. (Fig. 3929.)
C'("C('/>.;.t wo/.';- Wall. V\. C.ir. 214. 17H8.
Coifop\t\ seiiifolia Miclix. l-"!. Hor, Am. J: i.^S. tSo;.
rcreiuiial; stem pubescent, branclieil above.
2°-;,- hi)ili. Leaves sessile, more or less pubes.
cent, or glabrous, divided to the base into ;„
lanceolate or oblong, acute entire segments
2'-4' long. 4"-i2" wide, which appear as if in
verticils of 6; upper and lower leaves (rarely all
of them , undivided and entire; heads several
or numerous, slcnder-pcduncled, I '-2' broad;
bracts of the hemispheric involucre all united
at the base, the outer ones linear-oblong, ob-
tuse, e<iualling or shorter than the broader
inner ones, all pubescent; rays 6-10, yellow,
oblong, entire; disk yellow; achenes oblong to
elliptic, winged, >j"-2" long; pappus of 2 short
deciduous teeth.
In dry 'andy woods, Virginia (according to Watson
and Coulter , North Carolina to Florida. Jiily-.\ug.
Coreopsis m&jor (Hmleri ( lill. 1 Brilton. Mem.
Xi"v'"A"^ OF.mleri Ivll. Hot. S. C. iS: C.a. 2: 4,vs 1S24.
co>eo/>sis slellala Xult. Journ. .\cad. I'liila. 7: 7^1. 1S34.
Ccrii^sis seiii/it/ia var. slellala T. iS: J. Fl. N'. .\. 2: 342. 1S42.
Plant glabrous throughout; leaf-segments often narrower. Virginia and West Virginia to Georgia.
6. Coreopsis delphinifolia Lam.
L,ark.spiir Tickseed. (Fig. 3930.)
0",u>/>sis delf>/ii>ii/o!ia Lam. ICncycl. 2: 108. 1786
Perennial; stem glabrous, branched above,
rather slender, i^-,^° high. Leaves sessile, 1-2-
ternatcly parted into linear or linear-lanceolate
segments which are i'-2' long, i"-}," wide;
heads several or numerous, i;j'-2' broad; invo-
lucre hemispheric, its bracts glabrous, the outer
linear-oblong, obtuse, shorter than or equalling
the ovate-oblong inner ones; rays 6-10, yellow,
entire; disk brown; achenes oblong to oval,
narrowed at the base, narrowly winged; pappus
of 2 short teeth.
In dry woods. Virginia (.icconling to Torrey and
Gray), North Carolina to Georgia and .\lal)ama.
Aug.-Sept.
2
7. Coreopsis verticillata I.,. Whorled
Tickseed. (Fig. 3931.)
Cc'ieoft.u'^ :e>luillala L. Sp. I'l. 907. i7j,v
rerennial; stem stilT, umch branched, slender,
leafy, 1-2- high. Leaves sessile, glabrous,
2-3-tertiately dissected into lincar-filifortn entire
segments; heads numerous, I'-l.'i' broad; invo-
lucre hemispheric, or short-cylindric in fruit,
glabrous, its outer bracts linear, obtuse, com-
inoidy somewhat shorter and much narrower
than the ovate-oblong inner ones; rays6-i(), yel-
low, spatulate-oblong, obtuse; disk dull yellow:
achenes olilong, narrowly winged, 2" long;
pappus of 2 short teeth.
In dry soil, western Onttirio to northern Michi-
gan, south to Maryland, North Carolina, Kentucky,
Nebraska .md .Arkansas. Juiie-.Seiil.
2S
434
COMPOSITAE.
[Vol. III.
8. Coreopsis lanceolstta L. Lance-
leaved Tickseed. (Fig. 3932.)
Coreiipsis laucfolala I,. Sp. PI. qoS. 1753.
Co'eof>sis lancfolala var. anguitifolia T. & G. Fl.
N. A. 2: 344. 1842.
Perennial; sletii slender, glabrous, or spar-
ingly hispid near the base, i°-2° high. Leaves
glabrous, the lower and basal ones slender-peti-
oled, spatulate or narrowly oblong, very obtuse,
2'-6' long, entire, or with 1-3 lateral obtuse en-
tire lobes; stem leaves few, sessile or nearly so,
lanceolate or oblong, obtuse or acutish, usually
quite entire; heads few or solitary on elongated
slender peduncles, lyi'-'^l'i' broad, showy; pe-
duncles often 12' long; involucre depressed-
hemispheric, its bracts glabrous or ciliate, lan-
ceolate or ovate-lanceolate, the outer narrower
than the inner, but nearly as long; rays 6-10,
bright yellow, cuneate, 3-7-lobed; achenes ob-
long, broadly winged, about i" long; pappus of
2 short teeth.
In dry or moist soil, western Ont.irio to \'ir({inia,.
Florida, Louisiana and Mis;jouri. May-Aug.
g. Coreopsis pubescens Ell.
Coi r-.opsis pubescens Kll. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 441.
1824.
Perennial; stem pubescent or puberulent,
leafy, little branched, or simple, erect, 2°-4°
high. Leaves pubescent or glabrous, entire, or
some of them 3-5-lobed or divided, the basal
and lower ones slender-petioled, obovate-oval,
obtuse, the upper short-petioled or sessile,
broadly lanceolate or oblong, acute or acutish,
2'-3' long; heads few, I'-ij^' broad, long-pe-
duncled; involucre depressed-hemispheric, gla-
brous, star-like, its lanceolate obtuse or acute
outer bracts nearly as long as but much narrower
than the ovate inner ones; rays 8-10, yellow,
cuneate, lobed at the apex; achenes similar to
those of the preceding species or broader.
In dry woods, Virginia to Illinois and Missouri,
south to Florida and Louisiana. ]une-Aug.
vStar Tickseed.
10. Coreopsis crassifdlia Ait. Thick-
leaved or Hairy Tickseed. (Fig. 3934.)
Corciipsis crassi/olia Ait. Hort. Kew. 3:253. 1789.
Coreopsis lanceolala var. viltosa Michx. Fl. Bor.
Am. 2: 137. 1803.
Perennial; stem hirsute or villous-pubescent
below, ascending, little branched, S''-2o' high.
Leaves rather thick, hirsute or pubescent, all
entire, the lower and basal ones petiolcd, oblong
to obovate-spatulate, mostly very obtuse, i'-3'
long, 4"-io" wide; stem leaves few, short-peti-
oled or sessile, obtuse or acutish, narrower;
heads few, i''-2' broad, borne on slender, puber-
ulent peduncles often 1° long, similar to those
of C. lanccolata, as are the rays, involucral
bracts and achenes.
Dry .soil, Illinois to Louisiana, east to South
Carolina and Florida. May-Aug.
Gents 66.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
435
I'l.
XX. Coreopsis auriculata L. Kunning
or Lobed Tickseecl. (Fig. 3935.)
Coieopsh auriculata \.. Sp. PI. 9118. ly.sv
rerennial; stoloniferous; stems weak, very
slender, decumbent or ascending, 6'-i5' long,
little branched, or simple, pubescent or hirsute,
at least below. Leaves thin, entire or pinnately
3-5-lobed or 3-,s-dividcd, the terminal segment
entire and much larger than the lateral ones,
the lower and basal more or less puljcscent,
broadly oblong or nearly orbicular, with slender
pubescent petioles; stem leaves few, petioled or
sessile, mostly obtuse; heads i'-ifi' broad,
slender-peduncled; outer bracts of the involucre
oblong, narrower than the mostly ovate and
acute inner ones; rays 6-10, cuneate, about 4-
toothed, yellow; achenesoval, narrowly winged,
the wings involute and thick.
In woods, Virffiniato Kentucky, south to Florida
and Louisiana. May-.\ug.
Ill moist soil, Missouri to Tfxas, cast to
May-.\ug.
12. Coreopsis grandiflora Hogg.
I,arge-flo\vered Tickseed. (Fig. 3936.)
O'teofisis jiraiidijlora Ilogg; Swet't, Brit. Fl;
Oarn. 3:/>/. 7,-5. 1825-27.
Perennial (or sometimes annual?); stem gla-
brous, usually branched above, i°-3° high.
Leaves, or most of them, 1-2-pinnately parted,
or the lower entire and slcnder-pclioled; seg-
ments of the lower .stem leaves oblong, obtuse,
the terminal one larger than the lateral; seg-
ments of most of the stem leaves linear or even
filiform; petioles ciliate; heads commonly sev-
eral, i''-2' broad, long-pcduncled; outer bracts
of the involucre lanceolate, narrower and
mostly shorter than the oval or ovate-lanceo-
late inner ones; rays 6-10, yellow, lobed;
achcnes oblong, broadly winged when mature,
the projections on the inner face usually large;
pappus of 2 short scales.
Georgia.
13. Coreopsis tripteris L,. Tall
Tickseed. (Fig. 3937.)
Coreopsis tripteris L. Sp. PI. c/jS. 1753.
Perennial; stem glabrous, much branched above,
4°-S° high. Leaves petioled, glabrous, or very
nearly so, firm, the lower all divided into lanceo-
late entire acute rough-margined segments, which
are a'-s' long, U'-i' wide and pinnately veined;
uppermost leaves lanceolate, entire; heads nu-
merous, slender-peduncled, I'-il-i' broad; outer
bracts of the involucre linear, obtusish, much
narrower than the ovate-oval or ovate-lanceolate,
acute inner ones; rays 6-10, yellow, obtuse, entire;
achenes oblong to obovate, narrowly winged,
emarginate; pappus none.
In moist woods and thickets, Pennsylv.iiiia to Wis-
consin, south to Virginia, Florida and Louisiana.
July-Oct.
436
COMroSITAK.
[Vol.. III.
67. BIDENS L. Sp. PI. 831.
I/S.v
Annual or perennial licrl)s, with opposite serrate lobetl divided or dissecte<l leaves, or the
uppermost alternate, and mostly lar^c heads of both tubular and radiate flowers, or the rays
none, or rudimentary. luvolucrc campanulate or hemispheric, its bracts in 2 series, dis-
tinct, or slightly uniteil at the base; the outer often foliaccous a'ul much larger than the
inner. Receptacle flat or nearly so, chalVy, the chaff subtcndiu); the disk-flowers. Rays,
when present, neutral, mostly entire, yellow in our species. Disk-flowers perfect, fertile,
their corollas tubular, 5-tootlicd. .\nthers entire, or minutely sagittate at the base. Style-
branches with short or subulate tips. .Xchenes flat, (juadrangular or nearly terete, cuneate,
oblong, or linear. I'appus of 2-6 teeth or subulate awns, upwardly or downwardly barbed
or hispid. [Latin, two-toothed, referring to the achenes.]
About 'lO species of wide KCottraphic distribution,
in tile southern and suutliwestern I'nited States.
Hesides the following, about S others occur
Plants terrestrial, erect; leaves simple, or divided.
Leaves lanceolate, serrate, undiv..led, rarely ,5-5lobed.
Rays present, large and conspicuous.
Heads persistently erect.
Heads nodding after flowering.
Rays rudimentary, or none.
Heads nodding after flowering.
Heads persistently erect.
Pappus awns downwardly barbed.
Involucral bracts not foliaceous; stein purple; (lowers orange
Involucral bracts foliaceous
laevis.
ceintia.
2. /?. cernua.
/I.
stem straw-color; flowers greenisli
4. /.'.
Pappus awns upwardly barbed. 5. II.
Leaves some, or all of them, pinnately i-,5-parted or dis.sected.
Rays rudimentary, or none, or very short.
Achenes flat; leaves, some or all of them, i-,vdivided.
Leaves membranous; heads 2"-^' high. 6. /?.
Leaves not membranous; heads 5" -7" high. 7. /?.
Achenes linear; leaves dissected. 8. II.
R.iys large and conspicuous.
' .\chenes sparingly i)ubescent, not ciliate ; pappus of 2 short teeth
.•\clienes ciliate; pappus 2-4 subulate teeth or awns.
Achenes cuneate, or linear-cuneate.
."Vchenes obovate, very flat.
Bracts of the involucre glabrous, or ciliate, short. 11. II.
Outer bracts densely hispid, much longer than tlie inner. 12. II.
Plant acpiatic; submersed leaves filiformlj- dissected. 13. />'.
ccnnala.
yellow.
coniosa.
biilenloides.
')■
discoidi'a.
frondosa.
bipinnala.
II. coroiiata.
10. /)'. Iiichospet ma.
atistoia.
invoUicrata.
Ileckii.
I. Bidens laevis (I,.) B.S.P. Larger or Smooth Bur-Marigold. Brook
Sunflower. (Fig. 3938.)
JIflianlhus laevis L. Sp. PI. 906. 1753.
Ilideiis cliiyaanthemoides Michx. P'l. Bor. Am.
2: 156. 180^.
Bideiis laez'is B.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 29. iS38.
Annual; glabrous throughout; stems
branched, erect or ascending, \°-2° high.
Leaves sessile, lanceolate, evenly serrate or
serrulate, acuminate at the apex, narrowed
to the sometimes connatc-perfoliate base,
3'-S' long, ,'+'-i' wide; heads numerous,
short-peduncled, erect, i'-2,'2' broad; rays
very showy, golden yellow; involucre hemi-
spheric, its outer bracts linear-oblong or
spatulatc, equalling or exceeding the broader,
ovate or oblong, membranous inner ones;
rays 8-10, obovate-oblong, obtuse; achenes
cuneate, truncate, 2" long, retrorsely hispid
on the margins; pappus of 2-4 (usually 2),
rigid downwardly barbed awns.
In swamps and wet meadows, Quebec to On-
tario and Minnesota, south to Florida, Louisiana,
Alexico and southern California. Aug. -Nov.
it 'I-:
|p
TIIISTIJ'; FAMILY.
Smaller or Noil- \V
(I'jg- 3939-) T
■75,V
■A
GK.Msd;.] TIIISTIJ'; FAMILY. 437
2. Bidens cernua L.
diii}^ Hur-Mariyold.
Hiiiens cernua I.. Kii. rl. N.p.
Cfirofiiis IlidLUS I,. Inc. I'it. ii<iS. 175,^.
Annual; stetns glabrous, or hispiil, usually erect,
branched, 3' .^° liigli. Leaves sessile and com-
monly somewhat cnnnate-perfoliate at the l)ase,
lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, usually coarsely
and sharply serrate, glabrous, acuiniuatc, }i'~(i' ^^^
long, '+'-•' "'tie; heads numerous, globose, short- '^"''
pcdunclcd, '■'-I' broad, nodding after or during
flowering; rays 6-10, short i,"i"-6"), or none; in-
volucre depressed-hemispheric, its outer bracts
commonly ciliate, often large, foliaccous and
much exceeding the broad, yellowish-margined
membranous inner ones; achenes cuneate, about
2" long, retrorsely hispid on the margins; pappus
of 2-4 (usually .(), downwardly barbed awns.
In wet soil. Nova Scotia to Hudson I!ay and Hritish
Columbia, SdUlli to Virginia, Missouri and California.
Also in Kuropc and .Asia. Called also Water .AKfi-
niony, Doubk-tooth. July -Oct.
Bidens connata Muhl. Purple-steinnied Swamp Beggar-ticks. ( Fig. 3940. )
/•'. Ciiiiiuihi Muhl.; Willil. Sp. I'l. 3: \-\>i. 1S04.
Aimual; glabrous tliroughout; stem erect,
usually much branched, 6'-,S° high, purple.
Leaves petioled, lanceolate or oblong-lanceo-
late, sharply and coarsely serrate, apex acumi-
nate, base tapering, thiu, 2'-;.' long, V'-i' wide,
the ui)permost sometimes sessile, nearly entire
and acutisli, tlie lower sometimes with a pair of
lateral basal lobes, decurrent on the petiole;
heads several or numerous, peduncled, 'j'-ili'
broad; involucre campanulate or hemispheric,
its outer bracts ciliate or naked, somewhat ex-
ceeding the ovate-oblong, inner ones; rays none,
or 1-5 and inconspicuous; disk-flowers orange;
stamens often cxserted; achenes cuneate or
obovate, hairy and tubercled, or nearly glabrous,
often keeled, the margins with either erect or
retrorse hairs, or both, the 2-4 pappus-awns
downwardly barbed.
In swamps or moist soil, Xova Scotia to the North-
west Territory, south to DclawarL-, tleorgia. Ken-
tucky and Missouri. Called also Cuckold. Harvest
I, ice. .■\uK.-Oct.
4. Bidens comosa (A. Gray) Wiegatid.
Leafy-bracted Tickseed. ( Fig. 394 1 . )
/)'. coniiala var. comosa .\. Gray, Man. VA. ,s, 261. 1S67.
/.'. comosa Wiegand, Hull. Torr. Club, 24: 436. 1897.
Annual, glabrous; stem erect, branched, S'-^'i"^
high, straw-colored. Leaves short-petioled, lanceo-
late, coarsely serrate with mostly smaller teeth than
in /.'. connata, tapering to each end, the petioles
broadly margined; heads several or numerous, H'
broad, or more; outer bracts of the involucre spatu-
late or lanceolate, foliaceous, often toothed, 2-4
times as long as the head; corollas mostly 4-lobed,
pale greenish yellow; stamens and style included;
achenes larger, 3,'/i"-sy2" long, evenly cuneate,
very flat, retrorsely hairy; pappus-awns commonly
3, downwardly barbed.
In wet soil, southern New York and Massachusetts
to Illinois. Leaves thicker and paler than in li. con-
iiala. .\ug.-Oct.
I
438
coMi'()srrAi':.
[Vol. I it.
5. Bidens bidentoides (Nutt.) Hriiton.
Swaiii]) IJcggar-ticks. (FiK- .^942.)
/>ii>(liiii/,t hiilriitdiil'-s Null. Trans. Am. I'liil. Soo.
I II I 7: \i<\. iS(i.
('. i» (•(>/>>; 1 hiiieiiloiiirs T. i*t C".. V\. N. \. J: ,ivi- i^\i.
II. bhlfiihiidfs liritioii, Hull. Torr.Clu!), jo'zsi. iSg^,
Closely rcseiiitilcs //. oiinata, glabrous
throughout; stem hraiic'ied, I "-4^ I'Ik'''
Leaves similar, lanceolate, sharply serrate,
petioled, or the upper sessile and entire, acumi-
nate at the apex, narrowed at the base; invo-
lucre narrowly or becoming somewhat broadly
campanulate, its outer bracts linear, foliaceous,
not ciliate, usually much exceeding; the oblong
inner ones; rays none, or rarely present and
very short; acheneslinear-cuneatc, 4"-5" lon^,
their sides and the 2 slender pappus-awns
(rarely with 2 short intermediate awnsi up-
wardly barbed or hispid.
MuiUly shores of lliu Delaware River and Hay in
IVinisvlvania, New Jersey. Delaware and Maryland.
AlUf. Oct.
^:. G.) IJrit- - — -
(Fiff. 3943- i
.■\.2:,v^9. i!<42.
6. Bidens discoidea (T.
ton. vSinall HegRar-ticks.
Ciiifiifisis (/isroit/i'a T. N: (•. l'\. X
/'. di.uoidfa Hrittun. Hull. Torn Club, 20: 2^1. iHi)?.
Annual, glabrous, slender, brandling, erecl,
2'-6^ high. Leaves membranous, very slender-
petioled, all the lower ones divided into 3 lan-
ceolate or oblong-lanceolate, dentate, acuminate
segments which are i'-;,' long; uppermost
leaves commonly rhombic-lanceolate and undi-
vided; heads usually numerous, slender-pedun-
cled, 2"-$" broa<l and about as high; involucre
broadly campanulate or hemispheric, its outer
bracts usually foliaceous and obtuse, usually
much surpassing the inner ones; rays appar-
ently always wanting; achenes flat, narrowly
cuncate, upwardly strigose, about 2" long;
pappus of 2 short, ui)wardly hispid, rarely down-
wardly barbed awns.
In swamps and wet places, Connecticut to Virginia,
Ohio, Micliigaii, Louisiana and Texas. July Sept.
7. Bidens fronddsa L. Heggar-ticks.
vStick-tight. (Fig. 3944-)
Ilidens fiKiutosa L. Sp. PI. 8;,2. 175;,.
.Annual; stem erect, branched, sparingly pu-
bescent,or glabrous, often purplish, 2"-9>i° high.
Leaves thin, but not membranous, slcnder-peti-
oled, pinnately ;,-5-divided or the uppermost
undivided, the segments lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, sharply serrate, acuminate at the
ape.\, narrowed at the base, usually slightly pu-
bescent beneath, stalked, 2'-\' long, li'-l'
wide; heads usually numerous, pcduncled,
about 6" high, 5"-io" broad; involucre cam-
panulate, becoming hemispheric, its outer bracts
more or less foliaceous, often much exceeding
the ovate-lanceolate, scarious-niargined inner
ones; rays none, or rudimentary and inconspic-
uous; achenes flat, oval or obovate, ciliate, the
two slender awns downwardly barbed, or some-
times upwardly hispid.
In moist soil, often a weed in fields, Nova Scotia
to J-'lorida. Hrifish Columbia, Nebraska and Texas. Introfluced as a weed into southern Ivurope.
Called also Rayless Marigold, Keggar lice. Pitchforks, Stick-seed. Common Hur-niarigold. July-Oet.
._L
■GENts fi;.]
8
TIIISTrj': FAMILY.
439
\
Bidens bipinn&ta L. vSpanish
Needles. ( Fi^. 3945. )
lUdrm hiftiunata I,. .S)). I'l. S^j. 175,!.
Annual; stem (|iiH(lrangular, erect, freely
branched, rather slender, r'-.S"" liiKh. Leaves thin,
acuminate, peljoled, i-^-piunately dissected into
ovate or ohlonn, tootlied or lohed sennients, the
lower often 8' Iouk; heads usually numerous, lon^-
pedunded, 2"-4" broad; involucre narrow, its
outer bracts linear, ascending, nearly as lonnas the
broader erect inner ones; rays 3-4, yellow, short,
sometimes none; aclienes linear, 4-an)4lcd, slightly
pubescent, narrowed upward into a beak, 5"~9"
long, the outer ones commonly shorter and thicker
than the inner; pappus of 2-4 (usually 4), down-
wardly barbed, slightly spreading awns, much
shorter than the achene.
Ill various situatidiis, often a weed in cnllivatcrt
tieUls, Kill '(1l- Island to I'Morida. west to ( )liio, Nebraska
and Arizona. .Vlso in Mexico and tropical .Vincrica
and introduced as a weed into soutliern ICuropc and .■Vsia. ]uly-Oct.
9. Bidens coronata (L.) I'isch. Southern
Tickseed-Siinflower. (Fig. 3946.)
Coreopsis coioiiahi I,. Sp. I'l. Ivd. 2, 1281. 176,5.
Coit'o/'si's atiira .Vit Ilort. Kew. 3: 252. i7Si).
/lidfiis coponata Fiscli.; Steudcl, Nom. ICd. 2, 202. iS.).o.
Annual, glabrous or nearly so throughout; stem
branched, l°-3° high. Lower leaves pctioled, 3'-
,S' long, 3-divided, the terminal segment lanceolate,
acute or acuminate, serrate, much larger than the
.serrate or entire lateral ones; upper leaves much
smaller, 3-parted, 3-lobcd or undivided, sessile or
short-petioled, entire or serrate; heads numerous,
slender-peduncled, i'-2' broad; involucre hemi-
spheric, its outer bracts linear-oblong, obtuse,equal-
ling or slightly exceeding the broader inner ones;
rays 6-10, obtuse; achenes broadly cuneate, slightly
pubescent, l"-2" long; pappus of 2 chaffy diver-
gent somewhat laciniate teeth, rarely with 2 shorter
intermediate ones.
In wet places, \'irKiiiia (according to Gray'i.to Florida
and Alabama. July-Sept.
10. Bidens trichosperma (Michx.) Brit-
toii. Tall Tickseed-Sunflower. (Fig. 3947.)
C. Irichospcrnia Miclix. V\. Uor. Am. 2: l.^g. iSo;^.
B. tridiosfifima Hritton, Hull. Torr. Club, 20- 2S1. 1893.
Annual or biennial, glabrous; stem tall, obscurely
quadrangular, much branched, 2°-5° high. Lower
leaves petioled, 4'-.S' long, pinnately divided into
5-7 lanceolate acuminate, sharply serri'te, incised
or nearly entire, sessile or short-stalked segments;
upper leaves sessile or nearly so, 3-lobed, 3-divided,
or entire and linear-lanceolate; heads numerous,
i/i'-i/s' broad, long-peduncled; involucre hemi-
splieric, its outer bracts linear or spatulate, some-
times ciliate, about the length of the broader inner
ones; rays 6-19, obtuse, golden yellow, 7"-i2" long;
achenes oblong-cuneate, hispid-pubescent and cili-
ate, 3"-4" long; pappus of 2 short erect or diver-
gent, upwardly hispid teeth or short awns.
In swamps and wet meadows, Massachusetts to Cieor-
pia, Illinois ami Kentucky. Aug.-Ocl.
Bidens trichosperma tenuiloba (A. Gray) Dritton,
Coreopsis /rii/iosperma var. leniiiloba A. Gr.iy, Syii. Fl.
Segments of the leaves linear-lanceolate, serrate or entire; achenes sometimes sni.iller. In bogs,
Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota and southern Ontario. A similar form occurs in southern New Jersey.
Bull. Torr. Club, 30
I; Part 2, 295. 18S4.
440
COiroSITAK.
[Vor.. Ill
swani))!. ami wet prairii s
II. Bidens aristbsa ( Michx. ) Hrittun.
Western Ticksced-vSiinllowcr.
(l-ijr. 3948.)
O'/roAwv (I) /v/iMii Mii'lix. I'l. Hor. Am. 2 1 |ci. iSoj.
(". (iin/ii/ii M\ilil. : Wilia. Si>. I'l. 3: .^.-5!. in,.(.
A'. iiiistiKui lirittuii, Hull Toir. Clul). 30: ?>i. i.>>yv
Annual nr l)iL'iiniaI; stem much lirunched,
l°-3° liiKh. Leaves lliiu, sletider-petiDlfd, pu-
t)CHrent beiieatli, tlic lower ones pinnatcly 5-7-
ilivideil, y-fy' louK. the sej;inents lanceolate,
serrate, incised or piniiHtiful, acuminate, nar-
rowed at the base; upper leaves less divided,
lanceolate, or merely lobed, sessile or short-
pelioled; heads numerous, slender-pedunoled,
i'-2' broad; outer l)racts of the hemispheric in-
volucre linear or spatulate, usually ciliatc, not
surpassing the inner; rays <i-i), obtuse; achenes
very flat, oblanccolatc or obovate, upwardly
ciliate and strigose- pubescent; papjnis of 2 slen-
der upwardly or downwardly barljcil awns,
nearly as long as the achcnc, rarely wanting.
Illinois to Michigan, south to I.oiiisiaua and Slissuuri. Aug. Oct.
12
ton
Bidens involucrata (Nutt. ) Hrit-
Long-bracted Tickseed-Sunflower.
(^"ig- 3949-)
Coreopsis inzoliiciala Nutt. Journ. I'liil. Acad. 7:
7.t- i><.V».
litdrns in-oliurala IJritton, H;!ll. Torr. Club, 20:
281. i8<xv
Similar to the two preceding species, minutely
pubescent, i°-i^ li'g'i. much branched. Seg-
ments of the leaves narrower, linear-lanceolate,
incised or pinnatifid, long-acuminate; hcails
numerous, i'-;' broad, on slender usually hispid
peduncles; outer bracts of the hemispheric in-
volucre linear-lanceolate, acuminate, densely
hispid and ciliate, much exceeding the inner
ones; rays orange at the base; achenes flat,
ciliate and strigose; pappus of 2 short teeth.
In swamps, Illinois to Kansas, Arkansas and
Texas. July-Supt.
/Helen.
135-
Bidens Beckii Torr. Water
Marigokl. (Fig. 3950.)
lieckii Torr.; Spreiig. Neue Ivntdick. 2:
1S21.
In ponds and streams, (Jui-bec t^
Perennial, aquatic; stems simple, or little
branched, 2°-S'^ long. Submersed leaves
sessile, l'-2' long repeatedly divided into
numerous capillary segments; eniersed
leaves few, sessile, opposite, or sometimes
in 3's, lanceolate or oblong, acute, serralc or
laciniate, '^'-i'/i' long; heads solitary or
few, short peduncled, \'-\\i' broad; involu-
cre hemispheric, its bracts oval or oblong,
obtusish, glabrous, the outer somewhat
shorter than the inner; rays 6-10, obovate,
or oblong, obtuse, golden yellow; achenes
nearly terete, each end truncate; pappus of
3-6 slender awns, downwardly barbed above,
smooth Ijclow, divergent, 6"- 12" long.
New Jersey, west to Manitoba and Missouri. Aug. -.Sept.
Gi;nis6.s.]
TllISTIJ' I'AMII.Y.
44'
68. THELESPERMA I.lss. I.innaca, 6511. 1S31.
(ilabrous aiiniml or perfimial 1rtI)s, willi oppD^ite linear and uiulividtd, or t'lmdy dissec-
ted leaves, and loiiK-))Ciiunclcd heads of l)otli tu'mlar and radiate llowers, or tin- ravs w inl-
ine. Involucre licniisplicric or catnpaiiulate, of 2 ilistinct scries of liracts, the outer short,
narrow and somewhat spreadinK, the inner united nearly to or hcyond the middle iiiloacuii,
their tips scarious-inarj/ined. Receptacle Hat, cliHlly, the 2-iicrved hroad white scarious chall
suhtcnditifi the disk-flowers and achenes. Kay-flowers, when j)rescnt, neutral, the rays yel-
low, entire or toothed Disk-flowers perfect, fertile, their corolla with a slender tube and
5-tootlied limb. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base. Style-tips acute. Achenes, some or
all of them, papillose on the back, oblonj; or linear, slightly compressed or terete, windless.
I'appus of 2 retrorsely hispid awns or scales, or sometimes none, [dreek, nipple-seed ]
.\l)(iut 7 species, Tiativcs of Ihf soutli central t nil: il Slates, Mexico and soullieni Soulli Ann iiia.
Kays larKc; pappus awns sluirUr than tlu- width ol ihe achene.
I.iavts not riifid, their si-kmiciiIs lilifurni linear; annual or bieiniial. i. '/'. ain/i.i; iiiiiii.
Leaves rigid, tluir siiftninls liniar; jurcnnial. 2. T. Irihilinii.
Rays iiKoiispicuiJUS, or none; awns UiUKcr llian the wi<llh of llie aclicne. t,. 'I'. i;iiiciU'.
I. Thelesperma trifidum (I'oir. )
(Fig. 395>-)
Coieopsis Irifida Poir, in Supi)l. I.aui. ICncycl.
3:,vs.V i.Sil.
TItiteipcrma filifolium A. (Iray, Kew Journ.
Hot. l: 252. i8.jy.
Thclesponia hi/taum Ilritton, Trans. N. V.
Acad. Sci. 9: 182. i8<)0.
.\nnnal or biennial; stem branched, 1°-^^
high. Leaves nunierous, not rigid, i'i'-2'
Ion}.', bipinnately divided into fdiforra or
linear-filiform segments; heads several or
numerous, i2"-i5" broad; outer bracts of
the involucre about S, subulate-linear, equal-
ling or more than half as long as the inner,
which are united not higher that the middle;
rays 6-10, somewhat spatulate, 3-lobed; disk
purple or brown; achenes linear-oblong,
straight, or slightly curved, the outer ones
strongly papillose; awns of the pappus not
longer than the width of the summit of the
achene.
In dry soil, Nebraska to Texas, June .\ug.
Uritton. Fitie-lcaved Tlielespenna.
2. Thelesperma ambiguum
A. Gray. Stiff Tlielespenna.
(FiR- 3952-)
rheUspirma amliisiuuni A. Cray, Pioc. Am.
.^cad. 19; 16. ibS,^.
rcrennial from a deep woody root and
slender rootstocks; stem rigid, usually much
branched, i°~i'/i° high. Leaves usually
numerous, i'/i'-2' long, bipinnately divided
into entire rigid linear segments, but less
compound than those of the preceding spe-
cies; outer bracts of the involucre lanceolate-
subulate, usually much shorter than the
inner ones, which arc united to about the
middle; rays (rarely wanting) and achenes
similar to those of the preceding.
In dry soil. Montana, Colorado and Nebraska
to Texas and New Me.\ico. June-AuR.
coMi'osri'Ai;.
I Vol.. III.
3. Thelespcrma gracile (Torr. ) .\. ( iiay.
Uiiyk'ss 'riu'k'spcniia. ( l'"i>j. 3')5,v 1
llidi'iis i;i,tii/i\ Ton. Aim. I.yc. N, Y. i .-is 'H-
I lirl, s/tfi tiiii j,inii/i' A. ('■ray, Krw Jdiiiii. Itdl. i: 7S2.
|N|.|.
l'oii'iiiii;il Iroiii a (li'f|> loot ; stoiii 1 i^icl, liraiK'liiMl,
r V' liin'i. ""■ liraiirlics nearly erect. Leaves
linid, erect or asceiiiliii^, 2' 3' loiiKi I>iiiiiatcly or
lii|iiiiiiately divided into linear .sonnieiils, or tlie
upper linear .'iiid entire; liends (."-lo" hroad; rays
usually none, soineliines prrsent and .;" 1" lonn;
oilier tracts i}\' the involucre | <>, olilon>; or ovate,
mostly oMuse, very iiincli shorter than the inner
ones which are united to the ltli<ldle or lieyond;
disk yi'llow or hrownish; outer ai'lieiirs slij^lilly
papillose; pappus-awns loti)>er thun the wiilth of
the sninniit of the acheiie.
(Ml (liy plains, Ni ln;isUa ami WvniiiiiK 1" 'I'lxas,
iKiillic'iii MiNJcn ami .\ii/(iii.i. M;ty .\uy,.
69. GALINSOGA U. X: 1'. I'lmlr. IH. IVr. no. />/. ..'/. i?')!-
.\iinual liianiliiiii; herlis, willi oppositi', mostly petioleil, dentate or entire leaves, and
sm.'ill |iediinclrd heails ol'hotli luhular and radiate Mowers, Irrmin.'il and in the upper asils.
luvoliicre hemispliei ic or liro.idly cainpanulale, its liracts in J series, nvatc, oliliise, lueiii-
liralloils, striate, iie.irly eipial, or the outer fdiorler. Kcce|)lacle conic or eloiij^.ited, its thin
eliall suhleiidinj; tlieilisk-llowers. Uay-lloweis white, jiistillale, fertile, the rjiys .1 or s, short.
Disk-llowers yellow, jierfecl, the corolla s toothed Anthers minutely sanittale at the
hase. St vle-hraiiches tip|ird w ith acute appeiwh^;es. .Achenes an^;lei|, or the outer ernes (lat .
I'appiis dT the di'-k llowcis of sever.d slioi I laciniale or litnliri.ite scales, that of tin- ray-llow-
ers of sever. 1 1 or few short slender liristlcs, or none [ N.ii lied ill honor ol M. M ( ialinso^a,
supcriiitendenl ol the llot.iiiic ("Lirdetis al Madrid |
.\linvil s spccii',, iialivcs 111 lin|iic.il and w.iiiii li'iii|ii laic .Aimtica.
I. Galinsofja parvillora C\i\
d'uliinui;,! /hii :i/l II I II Ca\. Icmi. ,{ |i. /•/.■'>/.
Slij^l'Mv appressed-piilieseeul, i" ;' hi^li
tl
C.aliiis.i);a. (Imk'. ?,^)^\. )
l<eaves V, '\
.Tlij^l' l\ a|i|ii cssetl-piliiesi-eiu, i , iii^ii. i^caven \\ \ cfyl (71
thin, iv.'ile ot dclloid-ov.ile, ,^-nerved, 1' 5' Ion;;, acute \\^ 1 i>^ /•
.il tin- apex, niosth iihtusc al the hasr-, dentate, the \ n1 |W\ vf
lower sleiidei -petiolcd, the upper short peticdcd or ses-
sile, ,iiid snimliines nearly or ipiile entire; lie.ids nsii- »
ally iiiiineri •'^. .'" '/' hroad, slenderpeduncled; liracts
ol the inv c ^lahrous or nearly so, the outer
shoilei; pappus iil the disk-llowers .1 M', oliloii^; to
spatiilalc, linihriate oliliisish scales, shoiler than the
linely ]iiil)csccnl olip\ i.iniidal acheue
III iliiDi yaiiN ami wasli- plairs, c aslnii Massacliusi lis
to I IrcKiiii, Noilli laiuliiia, Ml-snuii and .Mcxiiu Nalii
rali;ri li liiiiii tiupic.il .Xiiiciica. liilniiliu id iiiln I'linopi
as a ueicl. Jnm Nnv
(JaliiiMona parvilli'iia liisplda In" rmdi.c; i,;-;. isji,
I'lilii s.ciu I imiH- aliMinlaiil. r'.|iiii.illv alidvc, !,pii .iclinn.
p^ippO'" ol lllr illsk llnw( IS altc'iui.ili'. Illlslli tipped III
V tc placc-i, KIkmIc Isl.iiil 111 I'liiiisylvaiiia, N'mlh l^'.iin
liiia ami Wisciiiciii
70. ACTINOSPliRMUM i;il. Hnl. S. C. .\i t.a. 2: .ppS. i,Sj.|.
I 11 Mini \ \ Null ('■en ■: 17s I''^l'^ Snl /•il/i/.i'illUI \ili{. I'. iSiS. I
.Annual or perennial, simple or Iirancheil, erei I herhs, with alteiuale entire narrow punclate
leaves, and larjje terminal heads ol holh tiihiil.ir and radiate, yellow (lowers, or those of flu-
disk purplish. Involucre hemisplierii-, itssmall liracts iinliricated in several si-ries, appressed,
or wilh spr'-adiii); lips, the outer shorter Keecplaele convex, deeply honeycoiiilied, challV,
the persistent chall coriaeeons or carlila^;iuoiis, laterally united, snlitcndinn the disk-flowers.
Kays lar^e, neutral, toothed liisk llowers perfect, fertile, the coro'.la ,■; toothed, .\iithers
sajiiltate at the hase. .Style-hranchcs with truiicale siihnl.ite tips. ichenes Inihinatc-, silky-
villous. I'appiisof-; 12 scarions ni-arlv eipial scales. |('>rei-k ray-seid )
Two kiiiiwii ipcciis. iMliM's «l tUii Miiillic.i'.lriii I Hill d .stales.
mtft^^^lvff^^f^MUJjrt t».i.i"
•<»i;\i s
1
'nilSTI,!'; I'AMII.V.
443
iH.-
I . I : VSI.
Mf
I. Actinosperinum iiniflorum (Niitt.) Huiii-
liarl. ( >iii-lu'ii(k'(l A(tiiit)S|)(.'rmuiii. ( Im^j. ,V'.S5- )
lliilidiiiiii iiin//f<iii Null. Crtl. J- 175. iSiS.
.-1. nil If/: II mil Haiiiliail. Hull. Tnir. Chili, i4 -|ii. '^'ir-
Stem sldul, |)iil)pnilciit, siiii|>lc, or with .< frw oiofl
liniinlifs, I" V' liiKli- l.favf-i lliicU, spaliilMU- linear or
tlic ii|))i('r liiu'iir, sessile, »Mi-il or iiseeiiijiiin, 1' .•' lotij;,
tile lower .'"-\" wiile; lieiids loiij;-|)eiliiiirle(l, solilarv,
2' 2',. ' liioad; liraels of the iiivoliiere ovate, iieiiiiiiiiiite,
lliiik, llieir lips at leiinlli siireailin^;; rays »'o ,v>. eiiiieate.
,^ (-tootlieil Ml the Iriiiiealeapfx; ili.sk s" 1 i" liroail; ehall
of" the re(e|itaiU- cimeate, Inituiile, vcrv l•arlila^;in"us,
more or less united iMlenillv, the siiiiiinit eroded; ai heiies
ohcoilie; i>a]i|iiis ol' 7 <) ohlon^; seales jdiiiiit as loil^; as
the at lu'iie.
Ill wcl piiif liaiieiis, Virginia 1 aiiiiidlii>f In 'roiit\ and
Cray), Niiilli Cariilina 1(1 l'"liiii<la anil l.diiisiaii.i. Jnly .Sipl.
71. MARSHALLIA Siliivh. (un.
I'eremiiiil, olleii tiilled, simple or liiaiiihed, nearly ulaliroiis lierhs, with hasal or alter-
nate, entire leaves, .tlid l-n>;e lon^; pedninled ili-iioid heads of piiiple pinU or white, f^l.iiidil-
lar-puliesieiit lliiwcis. Iiuolnere heinispheric 01 hroadly eampaniil.ile, its lir.iels in I or i
series, hrrhaieons, narrow, nearlv eipial. Uei'eptaide eonvex or at length eonie, elially, the
Slides narrow, riv;i<l, ilislinii. Kays none. iMowers all iierleil and fertile, their eorollas
with a ilee|ilv .s-lohed or .vparted eampannlatc linih and a slender tiihe. Anthers ininnlely
saj.;ilt.itr at the hase. Style-hranelies linin, triiiieale. ,\< lielieH tiiihiii.ite, s-rililied and ,s-
aiiKlc<l. I'.i|)])iis of 5 or '> aente or aciiiniiiate, ovate or laneeolate-deltoid, neaily entire
scah's. I Sained lor llninphrey M.irsliall, of I'eiinsylvania, liolaiiiial author. |
Imiim known s|i(iits, natives nt tin- sniiilni 11 and iiiilial I'liiliil .Slair-,.
I7S.)
,l\'rs ii\ ,(li
iivc s Imi a
II iiv.d, 1)1 iiv.lt I.UIi'ri
(II tin has.d ripatnlati
lali', tlilii, s nil \
. Ihii k.
il.
.1/ // 1 itf'i . ■
M ,,u■^|l|l■•
I. Marshallia trinervia (W.ilt.) I'oilcr.
Mni:iil-U'avc<l Marsli.illia. ( !mh- .^'),S''- >
.\lhiiihi\iii II inn rill Wall. I'M. I'ai. -.'ui. 17.S.^.
M,ii \liii!li,i l.ilitoli,! I'liisli, I'l. .\in. Sipl, .',1'), 1^1 |.
I'liilri, Mini 'I'liii. I'lnli, 5. ((7
I litlle Inaiiehed, leafy to or lievoild
M,ii \li,il!i,i II iiif
IS., I
Stem simple, 1
the inidille, 1" 1 \\\\^\\. I,e,ives thin, those of the
stem ovate, oval, or ovate laneeolate, ■,-iiirved, aente
or .ii'limir te at the apex, narrowed to a sessile liase,
-•' ;' loii^;, 1)" is"vviile; heads !..' 1' liroad, eorolla
purplish; hraels id" the involinre lincardaiieeolale,
aiiite, ri^id; chafr of the r4'eeptaile siilmlate-liliform;
pappus scales laneeolate-aeiiniinate from a trianf.;nlar
hase; in heiies ^jlaliroiis wllell niatnre.
In ili\ ■•■il. Niiniiiia In ,\l.iliaina
May jnni .
Mill Mi-.
ippi.
2. Marshallia cacspitosa Null. Naiiow-
IravL'd Mar.sli.illia. ( Imk. ,i').S7. )
,1A;/ v//, ;///,: (K^i/i//.. 11/ Null.; DCI'imli S'''^". '^.V'-
.Stems iisiialU' Infted and simple, soinelimes spar-
iiij^ly Imiiii lied, lealv either only near the hase or to
lieyond the middle, S' if,' liiKh. Leaves I hicdc, faintly
i-nerved, the hasal ones spaliilale, or linear s])ali!late,
ohtiise, those near the h.ise iisiiallv min h lon),;er and
linear, soiiietinies |' loiij.; and (" wide, the upper oni'S
linear, inutisli, shorter; head alioiil 1' liio.id, home on
a |)eiliiiiili' olleii in' lout;, eorollas pale rose or white;
hraelsof the invohiere liin ar-lanreolate, aeiile or aciit-
ish; ( lial- ol Ihe reeeptaile linear, or sli^htlv dilated
ahove; ae In lies villous on Ihe aiij;les; sralesol the p ip-
])ns ovale, aentish, eipiallinn or Iriii^.;er than the ailieiie
In (liy --iiil, Kansas to frN.is. May Jiiiii-.
444
(.■<)MI't)SITAI>;.
[Vol.. III.
72. PSILOSTROPHE DC. Prodi. 7; 261. 18.^8.
[Kiimia.MA Null. Trans. Am. I'liil. Sor. (II; 7: -,71. iH^i.]
Hranclii'd imiiu:il or pi-rcnniiil woolly liurbs, ofu-ii nearly j;l.il)roiis wlicMi olil, will; altur-
nalc leaves, and niidillu-si/cil lii-ads of both liilmlar and radiate yellow llowcrs, i oryndjose,
or clustcri'd at the ends ol' the br.inilies. Involucre cyliiidraceous, its bracts .; id in i series,
narrow, e(|ual, densely while-woolly, se]) irale, but erect and connivcnt, eointnonly with 1-4
scarions ones within, and occasionally a narrow outer one. Kays broad, bcconiin;; ])ai)ery
and whitish, ])ersistenl, s 7-nerved, 2-3-toolhcd, pislillato. Receptacle small, n.ikcd. Disk-
(lowcrs perfect, fertile, their corollas with a short ])roper tube and elon).;aled cylindraceous
limb, s-tooihcd, the leeth glandular-bearded. Anthers obtuse and entire at llie b.isc. .Stvlc-
br.iiuhes of the disk-llowers c,i|)ilellalc. .Xchenes linear, striate. I'appus of 4-0 nerveless
acute scales, }»labr<ins or villous.
Three species, natives of thi- si)\illiwt stcni riiilcd .Slates .mil nnrlluiii Me.vicn.
^
r>. •■'i^-?f.">l.'^-^
I. Psilostrophe Tagetinae (Niilt.)
Kuiit/,e. I'silostrojiliL-. (Kij;. 395s, )
h'iildfllui V'm'rtinar Null. Tiaiis. Am. I'hil. Sue. (Ill
7:.i7i. i.Sii.
/'si/iis/ti>f>/ti- '/',ij,'i/iiiae Kmti/i:, Kev. Cieii. IM. .is8. 1891.
Perennial, branched, 6'-2'' IukIi, loosely white-
woolly, or at length nlabro\is. liasal and lower
leaves spatidate, entire, ilentale or rarely pinnalilid,
mostly obtuse, 2' Y lonj;; ujiper leaves sessile, or
nearly so, smaller, linear, or spatulate, usually
entire; heads several loj;ethcr in the (lusters, '2'
i' broad, short-pcdunclcd; rays few, commonly as
wide as long, with 2 or 3 broad teeih or lobes at
Ihe summit; achents glabrous, or sparingly pubes-
cent; pappus-scales lincar-lanccolalc toolilong-lan-
ceolate, glabrous, shorter th.in the disk-corollas.
Ill dry sandy soil. Kansas aii<l Colmado tu 'I'l x;is and
Ari/.(iii,i. June Sijit.
73. FLAVERIA Jiiss. Gen. I'l. i.s6. 1789.
("dabrous or minutely pubcrulcnt, light green, mostly animal herbs, with ojiposile sessile
entire or serrate leaves, and small i-severalilowcred, usually sessile, oblong and densely
cymose-capilalc lieails i'^f tubular, or both tubular and radiate yellow or yellowish (lowers.
Involucre of 2-5 narrc a-, nearly cijual, appressed bracts, sometimes with i <ir 3 aildilional
small exterior ones. Receptacle small, naked. Kay-flower eommonly 1, pistillate, fertile,
sometimes wanting Diskllowers i-i,s, i)crfect, fertile, their corollas 5-toollicd .\nlhers
entire at the base. Style-branches of the disk-dowers Irunc.ite. .\cheiics olilong or linear-
oblong, S lo-ribbed. I'appus none. [I.atin, /IdiHs, yellow, from its dyeing properties.]
.Mxiiit 7si)ecics, natives of the wanner pailsol .America. In .iddition Id llie lollowiMK ;, ■■tlu is
occur in tlie smillieni liiiteil .States.
I. Flaveria angustifolia (Cav. ) Pcis.
Narrow- leaved Plaveria. (Fi^- ,i95y- )
.'i/Jltn id aiii;ii\lif,ilia C:w. Icon. 3: 1.'. ftl.jj;. 1794.
I''la:fiia iiii^usli/i<lia I'ers. Syii. 2:489. 1)507.
.Annual, glabrous or very nearly so, erect, 1' -i^ I'igh,
little branched. Leaves linear or lanceolate, serrulate
or entire, 3-nerved, acuminate or acute at the ape.\,
sessile bya bro.id ;ind somewhat clasping base, i'-2'j'
long, 2"-\" vi\\\v\ heads about \" high, closely ses-
sile in terminal glomerules or these pedunculate from
the upper a.\ils; involucre usually of 3 oblong-lanceo-
late bracts, 2 5 llowered; ray equalling or longer than
the breadth of the disk ; achenes linear, glabrous, about
i.'i'Mong.
Ill .ilkaline soil, Kansas and Cnliiradii to Tex.i-, .Mexico
and New Mi xic(j. .\iig()el.
Gi;m s ;.;.
THISTM'; 1-AMIIA'.
445
74. HYMENOPAPPUS I/Hlt.; Miclix. I<1. Hor. Am. 2: 10;,. 1.S03.
I'tTL-niiial or l)ieiiuial, erect lierbs, witli aiiKk'<l stems, iiltcrtiate or Imsal, mostly piiinatiful
or dissected leaves, and coryiiihose or solitary, small or rather larj;e discoid heads, of white
or yellow llowcrs. Involucre hemispheric or broadly campatiiilate, its Iiracts 6-12 in 1 or 2
series, nearly e(|Ual, mostly appressed, colore<l, l)etal-lil:e, the margins and apices scarious.
Keceptaile small, naked. Rays none. Disk-llowers all perfect and fertile, their corollas
with slender lubes and rellcxed or spreading campannlate s-lohed limbs, the lobes ovate.
Anthers entire at the base. Style-branches with short conic trjipendagcs. Achenes obovoid
or obpyramidal, .(-s-an^led, the faces usually prominently 1-3-nervcd. I'appus of 10-211
thill obtuse scales, sometimes very short or none. [Cireck, membrane-pappus.]
.Vlidut 7 s])(ciis, natives of southern anil central .Nurtli America and Mexico,
llract- iif till involucre broadly ovale or oval, bright while. i. //. Ciiiii/iiii'iitit.
linicl'. obdvjile to oblonK, Kreen or willi while tips.
lleacN iiunurons, .(" 6" l)roa<l; biennials.
.\then(s puberulent; corolla white.
.\i henes (U-iisely villous.
riant iflabrate, or loosely woolly; corolla dull while. t,.
I'laiU (Iciisily while woolly; corolla yellow , .1.
Heads few,
12" broad; coniUa yillow; perennial.
2. /A iorymhosus.
II. h'niii/'nliiis.
I!, lliivfufiis.
% II. faifoliii^.
I. Hymenopappus Carolinensis rLain.
pappus. ( l-'ig. .^gfio. )
Kiilhia CiiiiiUiieDsis I,ani. Jourii. Hist. Nat. i: 16.
pi. I. \-t)2.
]lymi iiKfuipptis sciihtD.Kaeu.f 1,'IIer. ; Miclix. I'l.
Hor. .\ni. 2: \o.\. iSoj.
Jfymniiipiifipiis Oiii'/iiieiisis I'orter, Mem. Torr.
'Club, 5:35s. iS(|t.
liiennial: stem woolly-pubescent or glabrate,
leafy below, corymbosely branched and nearly /J*
naked above, 2 -.^° hinli. liasal and lower leaves
petioled, .\'-(>' lon^, i-2-i)imiately parted or
deeply pinnatifid into linear or oblonjj, obtuse
or obtusish lobes, more or less white-tomcntose
beneath, green and glabrate above; upper leaves
few, smaller, sessile, less divided; heads com-
monly numerous, corymbose, i>"-tn" broad;
bracts of involucre oblong, ovate or oval, some-
times slightly obovalc, thin, bright white, pu-
berulent i>r glabrate; corolla-lobes about as long
as the thro.-it, white; achenes puberulent or pu-
bescent; pappus of very small nerveless scales,
shorter than tiic width of the top of the achcne.
In dry --aiKly soil, Ilbnois to Texas, casl tci
South Carnlina and I'lcirida. .March June.
Porter. Wliite-l)racte(l Hy
nieno-
!a
M. .Ma"
2. Hymenopappus corymbosus T. & tl.
Coryiiiljcd, or Smooth White Hymeno-
pappus. (Fig. 3<)6i.)
llyniiiiiipappKs do )'"'"'>"« 'I'. S: ("■. I''l. N'. .\. 2: 372.
liiennial; stem glabrons.or nearly so.corymbosely
branched and nearly naked above, 1° ;•" high.
I<owcr and basal leaves jietioled, i--!piiiinitely
parted into linear or nearly liliform, acute or acut-
ish glabrous lobes, or somewhat tomentose beneath;
upper leaves few, much smaller and less divided, or
the nppernuist reilnce<i to linear scales; heads cor-
ymbose, numerous, .\"-(i" broad; bracts of the in-
volucre obovate to oblong, puberulent, their tips
greenish white; corolla white, its lobes about as lr>ng
as the throat; achenes puberulent; pappus-scales
small, nerveless, shorter than the width of the top
of the achene.
Oil dry iiiairics, Nebraska to Texas. Sunimir.
446
COMI'OSITAK.
[Vot. III.
3. Hymenopappus tenuifdlius Pursh.
Woolly White Hymenopappus.
(Fig. 3962.)
Hvnunopappus leniiifolins Pursh, Am. Sept. 7.(2.
'1814.
Hieiinial; stem lislitly toiiientosc, orat length
glabrate, i°-2° high, slender, leafy below, cor-
yinbosely branched and nearly naked above.
Lower and basal leaves petioled, i-;,-pinnately
parted into linear or filiform lobes, woolly pu-
bescent beneath, at least when young; upper
leaves much smaller and less compound; heads
numerous, corymbose, 4"-6" broad; bracts of
the involucre obovate-oblong, usually densely
tonientose; corolla white, its lobes slightly
shorter than the throat; achenes densely villous-
pubescent; pappus of several oblong to ovate,
ribbed or nerved scales, which arc about as long
as the width of the top of the acliene.
On dry prairies, Nebraska to Texas. Juiie-.Sept.
4. Hymenopappus flavescens A. (iray.
(Fig. l^M.')
Hymenopappus fluicsifiis X. Gray, Mem. Am. Acad.
(11)4:97. 1849.
liienniai; stem densely white- woolly, at least
when young, i°-2'i° high, leafy, branched
above. Leaves 1-3-pinnately parted or divided
into linear segments; heads numerous, usually
larger than those of the preceding species; in-
volucral bracts obovate to ovate with greenish
white margins; corolla yellow or yellowish, the
lobes about ecjualling the throat, achenes short-
villous; pappusscales spatulate, shorter than
the slender corolla-tube.
Woolly Yellow Hymenopappus
111 satuly soil,
northern Mexico,
Kansas to Texas, Ari/iPiia and
m
5. Hymenopappus filifolius Hook. Low
Tufted Hymenopappus. (Fig. 3964.)
Jl\nif>u<pappHs filifolius Hook. I'l. Bor. Am. 1: 317.
"■S3.3-
Perennial from a deep woody root; stems usually
tufted, woolly when young, sometimes glabrate
when old, densely leafy toward the base, usually
naked or nearly so and sparingly branched above,
6'-kS' high. Leaves tomentose when young, the
lower and basal ones petioled, 1-3-pinnateIy parted
ir pinnatifid into narrowly linear, somewhat rigid
'les; heads commonly few, 6"-i2" broad; bracts
of the involucre obovate-oblong, usually densely
woolly, their tips whitish; corolla yellow or yellow-
ish, its lobes much shorter than the throat; achenes
densely villous; pappus-scales costatc, short
On prairies and in dry reeky soil. Northwest Terri-
tory to Nebraska and .Vri/oiia. June-Sept.
Gems 75.]
THISTLE I'AMILY.
447
7)2.
75. POLYPTERIS Xutt. Gen. 2: 139. iSrS.
Krect rough, glandular or ciuercous, branchiug herbs, with alternate, mostly entire
leaves, or the lower opposite, and corymbose heads of tubular or both tubular and radiate
pink or purple flowers. Involucre campanulate or obconic, its bracts in i or 2 series, 11 tow,
herbaceous, nearly equal, or with a few e.^terior shorter ones, appressed, usually c^ ired.
Receptacle small, flat, naked. Kay-flowers, when present, pistillate, fertile, the rays vcleft.
Disk -flowers perfect, fertile, their corollas with slender tubes and deeply 5-partcd campanu-
late limbs. Anthers entire or emarginate at the base. Style-branches filiform, acutish,
glandular-pubescent throughout. Achenes linear or narrowly obpyramidal, ({uadraugular.
I'appus of S- 12 lanceolate strongly costate scales, that of the outer achenes often much
shorter. [Greek, niauy-winged.]
About 6 sptcies, natives of the southern and south-central United States and Mexico.
Kays purple, deepljr 3-lobed; leaves lanceolate. i. P. Hookeriana.
Kiivs none; leaves linear. a. /'. callosa.
1. Polypteris Hookeristna (T. &G.) A. Gray.
(Fig- 3965-)
Hooker's Polypteris.
214.
Slevia sfilimclala Nutt.; Torr. .\nn. I,yc. N. Y. 2:
Without description. i8;7.
Pala/oxia Hookeriana T >c C. I'l. N. A. 2: ,^6S. 1S42.
Polvpleris Hookeriana .\. (iray, Proc. Am. .\cad. 19; y.
188.V
Annual; stem rather stout, glandular-pubescent and
viscid above, i°-3° high. Leaves lanceolate, entire,
acute or acuminate, narrowed at the base, rough on
both sides, the upper alternate, the lower opposite
and slendcr-petioled, I'-i/ long, 3" 5" wide; bracts
of the involucre 10-16, linear-lanceolate or spatulate,
glandular-hispid, the inner with purplish tips; ray-
flowers S-io; rays rose-purple, deeply ;i-cleft, some-
times small, or none; achenes about 4" long and Y2"
thick; pappus-scalesofthedisk-flowers6-S, lanceolate,
awned, more than half the length of the achene, those
of therny-flowcrs as many, spatulate, obtuse, shorter.
In dry soil, Nebraska to Texas and Mexico. July .Sept.
2. Polypteris calldsa (Nutt.) A. Gray.
Rayless Polypteris. (Fig. 3966.)
Slevia ea/losa Nutt. Journ. .\cad. Pliila. 2: I2r. 1S21.
Po/vfi/eris callosa \. Gray, Proc. .\iii. .\cad. 19; 30.
.Annual, glandular, at least above; stem slender,
paniculately branched, i°-2° high. Leaves linear,
or linear-lanceolate, l'-2>2'' long, i"-2 J;." wide,
entire, short-petioled, mostly alternate; heads dis-
coid; bracts of the top-shaped involucre S-10,
linear or narrowly oblong, herbaceous, pubescent,
about ]i' long; corollas purple, decidy 5-parted;
achenes narrowly obpyramidal, pubescent or gla-
brous, nearly as long as the involucre; pappus-
scales obovate or nearly orbicular, rounded, or
retuse, or sometimes minute, or none.
In dry soil, Missouri to Texas and New Mexico.
June-Oct.
76. BAHIA Lag. Gen. et vSp. Xov. 30. 1S16.
Herbs or shrubs, more or less woolly, with opposite or alternate leaves, and small or
rather large, corymbose or solitary heads, of both tubular and radiate, yellow flowers. In-
volucre campanulate or hemispheric, its bracts in i ora series, herbaceous, obtuse, appressedi
nearly ecjual. Receptacle small, nearly flat, naked, foveolate. Ray-flowers in i series, pis-
tillate, fertile. Disk-flowers perfect, fertile, their corollas with campatmlatc or cylindric,
44'^
COMPOSITAE.
[Vol.. III.
S-cleft limb, .\iithers entire or cmarginatc at the base. Style-tips mostly truncate and ob-
tuse. .Achcnes (juadrangular, linear or oblong. Pappus of several nerveless or costate
scales, rarely none. [Named for J. 1". Halii, Professor of Botany at Barcelona.]
.Vbout i<) spicies, natives of wosti-rn North Amcric^i, Mexico anil Cliili . Besides the foUowiiiK,
some III others occur in tlie western parts of North America.
Bahia oppositifdlia Ntitt.
(Fig. 3967-)
Bahia.
'I'l iiliophylliiin ol'('Osili/oliiim Nutt. Oen. 2: 167.
1818.
Jlahia opfo'sili folia Nutt.; T. «: f.. Fl. N. A. J: 176.
18.(2.
Pcrennial.herbaceous; Stem densely cinereous,
much branched, 4'-i2' high, very leafy. Leaves
opposite, or the uppermost alternate, Yz'-iYi'
long, palmately 2-5-parted into linear, obtuse
or obtusish, entire segments, finely cinereous on
both sides; heads short-pcduncled, 6"-9" broad I
involucre canipanulate, or becoming hemi-
spheric, its bracts oblong, obtuse, densely to-
mentosc; rays 5-7, short; achencs linear-oblong,
glandular-pubescent; pappus of 4-S spatulate
to lanceolate scales with thickened bases.
Oil plains, Nebraska and Montana to New Mex-
ico. June Sept.
77. PICRADENIA Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. i: 317. 1833.
[AcTiNKi.r,.\ Nutt. (1S18), not Pers. (1807) vioi Aclinea Juss. (1.S03),]
Branched or scaposc, villous-pubescent or glabrous, bitter and aromatic herbs, with al-
ternate or basal, often punctate leaves, and small or rather large, peduncled heads of both
tubular and radiate, yellow flowers, or rays rarely wanting. Involucre hemispheric, cam-
panulate or depressed, its bracts imbricated in 2-3 series, apprepsed, the outer ones some-
times united at the base. Receptacle convex or conic, naked. Ray-flowers pistillate and
fertile, the rays 3-toothed, ,'^-lobed Disk-flowers perfect, fertile, their corollas with 4-5-
toothed limbs, .'\nthers entire or minutely sagittate at the base. Style-branches truncate and
nenicillatc at the summit. Achenes turbinate, ,5-10-ribbed or angled, villous or pubescent.
Pappus of 5-12 thin aristatc acuminate or truncate scales. [Greek, bitter glands.]
.\bout 20 species, natives of western North America and Mexico. Besides the following, some
ri others occur in the western and southwestern parts of the United States.
Leaves entire; bracts of the involucre distinct to tlie base.
Stem leafy, branching; stem-leaves linear.
Stems tufted, simple, scapose; leaves basal.
Leaves linear or narrowly spatulate, Klabnuis or slightly villous. 2. P. scaf>osa.
Leaves spatulate, mostly densely silkyvillous. 3, P. acaulh.
Leaves i -^-parted into filiform segments; outer bracts connate. '(. P. odorala.
I. Picradenia linearifdlia (Hook.)
Britton. F'iiie-leavecl Picradenia.
(Fig. 3968.)
/fyiiieiinxys linean'/h/ia Hook. Icon. pl.//6, 1S57.
A'clinella '/incan/oiia T. & V.. Kl. N. A. 2: 3S3. 1842.
.\nnual or perhaps biennial; stem usually dif-
fusely branched, finely hirsute, or glabrous, or
woolly at the base, slender, 6'-i5'' high. Stem-
leaves narrowly linear, sessile, yi'-i'A' long, }i"-
\" wide; basal leaves spatulate, often villous,
much broader, obtuse, narrowed into margined
petioles; heads numerous, slender-peduncleil, (->"-
8" broad; involucre broadly canipanulate, its
bracts oblong, obtuse, pubescent, distinct to the
base, imbricated in about 2 series; receptacle
conic; rays 6-10, oblong; achenes pubescent; pap-
pus of 5 or 6 ovate awned scales.
In dry soil, Kansas to Loui.siana, Te.vas and New
Mexico. May-Sept.
I. P. linearir'i^lia.
Gi;nis 77.]
THISTLK FAMILY.
449
ong, ]'z"-
2. Picradenia scaposa (DC.)
Britton. Dotted Picradenia.
't'ig. 3969- J
Ci'plialiiphoiii scaposa DC. I'rodr. $: 66,^. 18,^6.
AclincUa scaposa Nutt. Trans. Am. I'liil. Sm-.
111.17:379. 18.11.
rerenuial by thick roots and a slender
branching caudex; scapes tufted, slender,
monoceplialous, pubescent or glabrate, some-
times woolly Ijelow, 6'-i5' high. Leaves all
basal, or near tlie base, linear or narrowly
spatulate, entire (rarely somewhat cleft),
glabrous, or slightly villous, conspicuously
punctate, I'-i'/z' long, i"-2>^" wide; heads
I'-i/i' broad; involucre nearly hemispheric,
its bracts often obtuse, densely tomentose;
rays 12-20; pappus of about 5 ovate or oblong
awned scales.
In dry soil, Nebraska to Texas, Mexico and
Ntw Mexico. May-Nov.
3. Picradenia acaulis (Nutt.) Britton.
Stemless Picradenia. (Fig. 3970.)
Aclinella acaulis Nutt. CrfU. 2: 173. 181S.
Similar to the preceding specics.pcrennial from
thick roots and a stout branched caudex; scapes
tufted, rather stout, or slender, densely silky
or tomentose, 2'-^' high. Leaves all borne on
the ends of the branches of the caudex, spatu-
late, entire, obtuse or obtusish, i'-2' long, i>2"-
3" wide, densely silky or villous; heads g'^-iS"
broad; involucre hemispheric, its bracts densely
villous; rays 10-15; pappus of 5 or 6, ovate ir
oblong, awned scales.
In dry or rocky soil, Northwest Territory ti
tana, Nebraska, .\rizona and New Mexico. i
Aug.
4. Picradenia odor£lta (DC.) Britton.
Fragrant Picradenia. Limonillo.
(Fig- 3971 •)
Ilymenoxys odnrala DC. I'rodr. 5: 661. 1S36.
Actinella'odorata A. Gray, Mem. .\in. Acad. (II.) 4:
1 01. 1849.
Annual; stem much branched, puberulcnt, spar-
ingly hirsute or glabrous, i°-2° high, leafy. Leaves
i'-2' long, 1-3-parted into filiform entire somewhat
pubescent segments about %" wide; heads com-
monly numerous, G'^-io" broad; involucre cam-
panulate, puberulent, its outer bracts 6-^, lanceo-
late, keeled, acute, united at the base; rays 7-10,
cuneate; pappus-scales lanceolate, acuminate.
In dry soil, Kansas to Texas, Mexico and southern California. April-July.
29
45°
COMI'OSITAK.
[Vol.. HI.
78. HELENIUM L. Sp. PI. 886. 1753.
ICrcct, inosth' l<r<itichin}{ herbs, with alternate, mainly dtcnrrcnt, punctate bitter entire or
dentate leaves, and large peduncled heads of both tubular and nidiate, yellow or brownish-yel-
low flowers, or rays sonietinies wantinj;. Involucre broad and short, its bracts in i <jr 2 series,
linear or subulate, reflcxed or spreading. Receptacle convex, sub-globose or oblong, naked.
Kay-llowers pistillate and fertile, or neutral, the rays cuneate, ^-s-lobed. Disk-flowcis per-
fect, fertile, their corollas 4-5-tootheil, the teeth glandular-pubescent. Anthers 2-toothedor
sagittate at the base. Style-branches of the disk-flowers dilated and truncate at the ajjcx.
.•\chenes turbinate, ribbed. I'appus of 5~.S entire, dentate or incised, acuminate or aristatc
scales. [The (ireek name of some plant, from Helenus or Helena.]
.\bi)Ul 2\ spti'ics, natives of North and Central Anieric.i. In addition to the folhiwiiiK. si>inc |8
others oceur in the southern and sniitlnvesteni parts of the I'nited States.
Stem leaves oblonK lanceolate or nvate-lancenlate, dentate; rays fertile; disk yellow.
1. //. aiiliiiiiimli'.
Stem-leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, mainly entire; rays neutral; disk purple.
2. Jf. nitdillot uiii.
Leaves all linear-fdiforni, entire; rays fertile. 3. H, leitititothim.
I. Helenium autumnale L. False or Swamp Stmflower. Siieezeweed.
(I'ig. 3972.)
Ife'enium a 11 tn innate I,. Sp. I'l. S^^'i. 1753.
Perennial; stem pubcrulent or glabrous,
rather stout, narrowly winged by the decur-
rent bases of the leaves, corymboscly branch-
ed above, 2°-6" high. Leaves hrm, oblong, lan-
ceolate or ovatc-lanccolate, acuminate or acute
at apex, narrowed to the sessile base.pinnately
few-veined, 2'-5'Iong, V'-z' wide, dentate or
denticidate, puberulent or glabrous, bright
green; heads numerous, i'-2' broad, borne
on long puberulent peduncles; bracts of the
ilattish involucre densely canescent; rays
lo-iS, drooping, bright yellow, equalling or
longerthan theglobosc yellow disk, pistillate
and fertile, 3 cleft; achcnes pubescent on the
angles; pappus-scales ovate, acuminate or
aristate, often lacerate or toothed.
In swamps and wet meadows, ynebee to I'lor-
ida, west to the Northwest Terrilnry and Ari/oua.
Called also Yellow-star, Ox eye. .\-cends to
2600 ft. ill Virginia. .VuK-Oct.
Helenium autumn&le pubescens 1 .\it. > Itritton,
Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 33Q. 1804.
Helenium ptibesd'HS K\\.. llort. Kew.3; .'"^r. 1789.
Leaves pale, pubescent, or densely canescent beneath. Minnesota to British Columbia, Nebraska
and Texas.
2. Helenium nudifldrum Nutt. Pur-
ple-head Sneezeweed. (Fig. 3973.")
Helenium nudifloi um Xutt. Trans. .\m. I'liil.
•Soc. (II.) 7:384. iSji.
Leplopoda biachypoiia T. & G. Fl. N. A. 2: 3S8.
I,S42.
Perennial; stetn mostly slender, puberuient
at least above, corymbosely branched near the
summit, i°-3° high, narrowly winged by the
decurrcut leaf-bases. Stem-leaves lanceolate or
linear-lanceolate, entire or sparingly denticu-
late, acute orobtusish at the apex, 1/4 '-3' long,
2"-6" wide, sessile; basal and lower leaves
spatulate, obtuse, more or less dentate, taper-
ing into margined petioles; heads several or
numerous, I'-xYi' broad, on slender or short-
puberulent peduncles; rays 10-15 (sometimes
wanting), drooping, yellow, yellow with a
brown base, or brown throughout, j-toothed,
neutral, or with rudimentary pistils, sterile,
equalling or exceeding the brown or purple
globose disk; pappus-scales ovate, aristate.
In moist soil, Missouri and Illinois to Texas,
east to North Carolina and Florida. Also near
Philadelphia, where it is apparently naturalized from the south. June-Oct.
/
v
GKNIS7S.] TIIISTI.IC I'AMIIA'.
3. Helenium tenuifolium Xiitt.
(I'iK- 3974-)
I"ine-leave(l Sin.(./i.'UX'ecl.
J[ileiniim leiiiii/'oliiiin NiiU. Jijiiim
7: 66. 1834
rliil. AiiKl.
Animal; ^;l.il)roiH or tiiiiiutfly puliesceiit
above; stem sk'iKli'r, very leafy and usually
imuli branched, ^S'-24' liiK'i- Leaves all lin-
ear-filiform, entire, sessile, often fascicled, U'-
I'/z' long, 'j" or less wide; heads several or
numerous, corynihnse, 9"-l5" broad, liorne on
slender or filif.'rin peduncles; bracts of the in-
volucre {p\\ , linear or subulate, soinelinics pu-
bescent, aooii rellexed; rays i-S, fertile, 3-4-
tootlicd, at length drooping, longer than the
globose disk; aclienes villous; ])appus-scalcs
ovate, tipped witli slender awns.
In niiii>;t '.oil, siiullKasterti VirKii'ia tn IHnrida,
Missouri, Arkansas and TiNas. AUB.-t->ct.
79. GAILLARDIA Foug. Mem. Acad. vSci. Paris, 1786: 5. />/. /, 3. 1786.
llranching or scapose, more or less pubescent herbs, with alternate or basal leaves, and
large peduncled heads of both tubular and radiate flowers, or rays wanting. Involucre de-
pressed-heniispheric, or Hatter, its bracts imbricated in 2 or 3 series, their tips spreading or
rertcxed. Recei>lacle convex or globose, bristly, finibrillate or nearly naked. Kays cuneate,
yellow, purple, or parti-colored, neutral or rarely ]>istillate, 3-tootlic(l or 3-lobed. Disk-flow-
ers perfect, fertile, their corollas with slender tubes and 5-toothed limbs, the teeth pubescent
with jointed hairs, .\nthers minutely sagittate or auricled at the base. Style-branches
tipped with filiform or short appindages. Achenes turbinate, 5-rit)bed, densely villous, at
least at the base. I'appusof 6 12, i-nervetl awncd scales, longer than the achenc. [Named
for M. GaiUard de Marentonncau, a I'rench botanist.]
About 12 species, natives of the soutli central part of tlie I'nited States, and Mexico, i in
soutliern South Americ.i. .\11 tlie foUowiuK called in Te.\,is lUaiikel flower.
Stem leafy: style-tips with lilifonn hispid ai)pen(Ui(res.
l'"inibrillac of the receptacle obsolete, or short; southern. i. G. lauceotala.
Kiiiibrillae subulate or bristle like, lucjstly longer than the achenes.
Rays yellow; finihrillae excecdinn the achenes. 2. G. ai islala.
Kays purple, or red at base; fnnhrillae about eiinalling the achenes. t,. G. pulchella.
Leaves basal; style tips with short naked aj)pcndas?es; rays none, or few. 4. G. suavis.
I. Gaillardia lanceolata Michx.
Sweet (Vaillardia. (Fig. 3975.)
Gaillanlia lanceolala Mielix. Fl. lior. Am. 2: i.|2.
iSo.v
.\iinual,or perhaps perennial; stem pubcrulent
with jointed hairs,orcinereous, usually branched,
1 j2°-3'' high, the branches straight, nearly erect.
Stem-leaves sessile, spatulatcor linear, entire or
sparingly serrate, pubcrulent, ciliolate, acute or
obtusish and mucronulateat the apex, narrowed
to the base, i '-3' long, z"-!''' wide; basal leaves
broader, very obtuse, soinetinics short-i)etiolcd;
heads i' -2' broad, long-peduncled; flowers sweet-
scented; bracts of the involucre about equalling
the violet disk; rays S-12, yellow or reddish with
darker veins, rarely none; style-tips with filiform
hispid appendages; achenes villous at the base,
or to beyond the middle; fimbrillae of the recep-
tacle short or none; awns of the pappus slender.
In dry woods, Kansas to Te.\as, cast to South
Carolina and h'lorida. May -Sept.
[■
452
COMl'OSlT.M':
[Vor.. III.
2. Gaillardia aristata Ptirsli. Great-
llowcred ( laillardia. ( Imr. 3976.1
liaillaniiaai hiala I'tirsh, I'l. Am. Sept. S'i- i^i4-
rcreiitiial; stem simple, or little brniiched,
hirsute, or dciisi-ly piihescL'iit with jointed
liairs, I '-3' hi){h. Leaves firm, densely and
llnoly puhescent, the lower and basal ones peti-
ok-d,olilonj,'or spatulalc, laciiiiate, piniiatifulor
entire, mostly obtuse, 2'-$' lon>»; upper leaves
sessile, lanceolate, or oblonfj, or slightly spat-
iilate, smaller, entire or dentate, rarely pin-
natil'id; heads 1 'j'-.i' bronil, lonK-peduncled;
bracts of the involucre lanceolate, acuminate,
liirsute; rays lo-iS, yellow; style tips with tili-
form appendages; fimbrillac of the receptacle
mostly lonj^er than the achenes, which are
villous at least at the base.
On plains and ])rairics, Minnesota In tlu' Noitli-
west Tirritciry and liritisli Columbia, sdutli to
Colorado and Niw Mexico. Leaves soinetitnes
all basal, .May-Sept.
3. Gaillardia pulchella Foiig.
vSliouy Gaillardia. (Fig. 3977-)
Giiilhtrdiii t^iiUhclla Foug. Mem. Acad. Soi.
I'aiis. 1786. 5. 17S6.
Annual; dilTiiscly branched at the base, the
branches asceudiiif;. 6'-l5' hi^jli, or larger in
cultivation, more or less hirsnteor pubescent
with jointed hairs. Leaves lanceolate, ob-
long, or the lower spatulate, l'-3' long, en-
tire, dentate or siuuate-pinnatifid, all but the
lowest sessile; heads i'-3' broad, long-pc-
duncled, bracts of the involucre lanceolate,
acuminate, hirsute or pubescent; rays 10-20,
red or purple at the base, yellow toward the
apex; style-tips with fdiform hispid appen-
dages; timbrillae of the receptacle equalling
or scarcely longer than the achenes, which
are more or less villous, or glabrous.
In dry soil. NL'braska and Missouri to Louisi
ana, Mexico an<t .\rizona. May-.Sept.
4. Gaillardia su£lvis (A. Gray) Britt. &
Rusby. Rayless Gaillardia. (Fig. 3978.)
.■t,Q:assi~ia stiavis A. (Iray, I'roc. Am. .'Vcad. i: 49. 1846.
GdiUan/ia .5/w/>/^.r Sclieele, Linnaea, 31: 160. 1849.
Oaitlaiilia stiazis Hritl. & Rusby, Trans. N. Y. Acad.
Sci. 7:11. 1887.
Annual or biennial. Leaves in a basal tuft, or a
few near the base of the slender pubescent scape,
spatulate or obovate in outline, 2'-6' long, pinuati-
fid, dentate, or some of thetn entire; scape I'-a"
high, monocephalous; head about i' broad with
the odor of heliotrope, globose in fruit; rays none,
or short and pistillate, or a few of them longer and
neutral; bracts of the involucre oblong or lanceo-
late, sparingly pubescent; fimbrillae of the recep-
tacle obsolete; style-appendages short, naked;
achenes densely villous; pappus-scales broad, their
awns very slender.
In dry rocky soil, Kansas to Texas. April-June.
(il'NI S Sii.]
TinSTI.Iv l-AMll.Y.
453
80. DYSODIA Cav. Ann. Cient. Nat. 6: ;,;,4. i8oi--\
llrect <ir iliffiise, liraiichiiin. mostly annual, stroiijj-sccntcd inure or less ).;lanilular lierlm.
witli "")|)osile or allernnte, mostly tlnely (lis-iecteil leaves, and small ]ieilunclcil lieadsof liotli
tiihi ar and radiate yellow llowers. Involucre cylindrU", cai'ipanulatc or nearly liomisplicrir,
its bracts in i series, united into a cup, usually with a few small additional outer ones, ke-
ceptacle (lat, pubescent, or covered with short bristles. Kay-tlowers pislill ite, the rays
short. Disk-flowers perfect, their corollas 5-tootlied. Anthers entire or miiuiti ly j-toothed
at the base. Style-branches of the disk-Howers elon>;ated, hirsute, somclime^ apiculate.
.Vchenes narrowly obpyramidal, ,^ ,s anKle<l. striate. I',i).j)us of about ii' scaU-s, paited to be-
yond the middle into nuinerous capillary, rather still,bristle-likc se^jinents. [tirei k, iHsmell. ]
About IS species natives of the soutliceiitral liiiud Slate- iiiul of Mexicii. Ili -i.li - the fol-
Idwiiijf, 2 (itliirs (iciur in the soulliwistcrn l'nite<l Statis.
A. S. Hitchcock
(KiR. 3979. )
1 81 » 1.
1. Dysodia pappdsa (\ent.
Dog-fennel.
Tageles pnpfosa Vent. Ibirt. Cels. />/. ,
litirbcta chiyujiilhciiiKiilcs WilWl Sp. I'l. 3: 2125. i^'l
/'ViiHtiit (■':> v.uiiillitiiioi(if^\,iiV. tUnvlSi). Nov.21) iSKi.
/'. papposa ilitclic. Trans. St. I.ouis Acad. 5: snv \^\\.
.\iiiuial, very leafy, j,'labroiis or finely pubescent,
^land-dotted, niuch branched, 6'-i.^' hijjh, the branches
diffuse or erect. Leaves ojiposite, sessile, or short-peti-
oled, yi'-i'i' lon^,', pinnatcly parted into linear or
slightly spatulate, sharply serrate or incised segments;
heads numerous, short-pcdunded, 3"-5" broad; invo-
lucre caiii])anulate, of ,S-ui appresscd oblong obtuse.
green or purplish, glabrous or ciliate bracts, with sev-
eral narrow .shorter outer ones; rays few, not longer
than the width of the disk; receptacle and achencs
pubescent.
.■\loiiK streams and roadside-. Ohio to Miniusota and
Nebraska, south to I.ciuisiaiia. Mexi -o and .Arizona. t)c
casionally found as a weed in waste places in the ICastern
ami Middle .Sl.ites, aiul in Ontario. july-Oit.
81.
I'V'tid Mari^jold. False
THYMOPHYLLA Lag. (ien. ct Sp. Xov. 25. 18 1(..
[Hy.mi.n ATiiKKLM Cass. Bull. Soc. Philoiji. 1817: 12. 1S17.]
Annual or perennial herbs, some species low undershrubs, with gland-dotted foliage and
involucre, alternate or opposite leaves, and small heads of both tubular and t.idiate, mostly
yellow llowers. Involucre canipanulate, its principal ))racts united into a cup, somelinies
■with smaller outer ones. Receptacle naked, or finibrillate, not chaffy. Kay-flowers pistil-
late, fertile. Disk-flowers perfect, fertile. .Style-branches truncate or blunt. .Vchenes stri-
ate. Pappus of several or numerous scales or bristles, [(ireek, thyme-leaf, not applicable
to the following .species. J
About l.s species, natives of .Anicrici. Bisidi- the fullowing. sonic ( other- nccui in tin- wc-t-
ern parts of the I'liitcd .States.
I. Thymophylla aurea (A. dray)
Greene. Thyme-leaf. (Fig. 3'^8o.)
Louellia aiiica \. ("iray, Mem. .\ni. .■\cad. II 4:91.
IJvtiietialliri inn niiifiiiii .\. t'.rav, I'roi-. .\in. .Acad. 19:
')2. INS.V
.\niiual, glabrous, .\'-\2' high, much branched;
the leaves and involucre with large oval oil-glands.
Leaves alternate, or the lower opposite, sessile, or
nearly so, very deeply parted into 5-1) linear-fili-
form, mostly entire, blunt segments; heads nu-
merous, corymbose, o"-io" broad, terminating
the branches; involucre about '-," high, its bracts
acute; rays about 12. 2>2"-.>" long; pappus of 6-S
erose truncate scales, somewhat longer than the
thickness of the achene.
Kansas and Colorado to Texas. June Sept.
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WEBSTER, NY. 14580
(716) 872-4503
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454
COMPOSITAK.
[Vor,. III.
82. PECTIS I,. Syst. Nat. Kd. 10, 2: App. 1376. 1759.
Annual or perennial, dilTusc prostrate or erect, mostly glabrous lierbs, gland-dotted and
strong-scented, with opposite narrow sometimes ciliate leaves, and small usually cymose
heads of both tubular and radiate yellow (lowers. Involucre cylindric, oblong or canipanu-
late, it:-, bracts in r series, narrow, keeled, distinct. Receptacle small, naked. Ray-(lowcrs
pistillate, the rays small, entire or .^-lobad. Disk-flowers perfect, their corollas with ex-
panded, somewhat irregularly 5-cIeft limbs. Anthers entire at the base. .Style-branches of
the disk-flowers very short, obtuse. .\clicues linear, slightly angled, striate. Pappus of
several or numerous scales, slender bristles or awns, sometimes with a U'w outer smaller
additional ones. [I^atin, pcclcn, comb, referring to the jiappus.]
About 50 ■ipecii'S, natives of the warmer parts of .\inerica. liusides the folliiwinif, about lo
others occur in the soulheni and western parts of the I'liited .Sl.ites.
I. Pectis angustitolia ToiT. Lemon-scented
Pecti.s. (Fig. 39S1.)
Pt'clh niifftis/i/o/i'a Torr. Ann. I.yc. N'. V. 2: 214. 1827.
Annual, much branched, 4'-l2' hi.gh, the branches
diffuse or ascending. Leaves narrowly linear, sessile,
obtusisli, J-j'-j' long, l" wide or less, often ciliate with
a few bristles near the base; heads several or nu-
merous, short-pcduncled, about _^" broad; involucre
short-cylindric or narrowly campanulate, its bracts
about S, linear, acutish, partly enclosing the outer
achciies; rays few, j-toolhed, or entire; pappus a crown
of 4-6 somewhat united short scales, with or without 2
slender short awns.
In dry soil, N'e!)raska and Colorado to Mexico and Ari-
zona, riant willi the odor of lemons. M.-iy-Oct.
83. ACHILLEA L. vSp. PI. 89S. 1753.
Herbs, mostly perennial, with erect leafy stems, finely dissected, pinnatifid or serrate al-
ternate leaves, and small heads of both tubular and radiate flowers, corymbose at the ends
of the stem and branches. Involucre obovoid, or campanulate, its bracts appressed, imbri-
cated in few series, the outer shorter. Receptacle nearly flat or convex, chafTy, the mem-
branous chair subtending the di^k-flowers. Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile, the rays white or
pink. Disk-flowers perfect, fertile, their corollas yellow, ,s-lobcd. .Vnlhers obtuse and en-
tire at the base. Style-branches of the disk-flowers truncate, .\chencs oblong or obovate,
slightly compressed. Pappus none. [Named for .Vchilles.]
About 75 species natives of the northern lietnisphcre, mostly of the Old World, liesides the
folIowinK, another, or perhaps 2 others, occur in nortlnvestern North .\tncrica.
Involucre l)roa(lly campanulate: leaves serrate. i. ,(. Plarmiia.
Involucre ovoid; leaves finely dissected. 2. A. MiUcfotiuni.
I. Achillea Ptarmica L. Snee/ewort.
White Tansy. Snee/ewort -Yarrow.
(Fig. 5982.)
Achiltea Plat mica L. Sp. PI. 898. i;,s.?.
Perennial from hori/ontal or creeping rootstocks;
stem glabrous, or slightly pubescent, nearly or (|uite
simple, r-2° high. Leaves linear or linear-lanceo-
late, sessile and slightly clasping at the base, acute
at the apex, regularly and closely serrate, sometimes
pubescent on the veins beneath, \'-2\i' long, I'/i"-
3" wide; heads not very numerous, $"-<)" broad;
peduncles puberuletit; involucre broadly campanu-
late, its bracts ovate-oblong, obtuse or obtusisli,
slightly tomentose; rays 5-15, white, rather large.
In moist soil, Newfoundland. New lirunswick and
Ouebec to Massachusetts and Michiifan. Naturalized
from Kurope. Native also of northern Asia. Called
also (ioose-tonRue, Wild, Hastard or ICuropean I'ellitory.
Pair Maid of prance, Sneczcwort Tansy. July- Sept.
•GEM'S S;,.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
2. Achillea Millefolium L. Yarrow.
Milfoil. (Fig. 3983.)
Aihillea Millefolium I,. Sp. PI. 8(». 1753,
Pereiiuial from horizontal rootstocks; flow-
ering stems pubescent, or nearly glabrous,
simple, or corymbosely branched above, i°-
2° high. Basal leaves, and those of the nu-
merous short sterile shoots, mostly petiolcd,
sometimes 10' long and 'i' wide, those of the
stem sessile, all narrowly oblong or lanceolate
in outline and finely dissected into narrow
pinuatifid segments, tomentose, pubescent
or nearly glabrous; heads numerous, 2"-^"
broad, in terminal compound dense, some-
what convex corymbs; involucre ovoid, its
bracts oblong, obtusish, pubescent; rays 4-6,
white, or often pink or purple.
In various situations througlunil North Ainer
ica; in the cast occurrinff as a naturalized weed,
greiiKT and less tomentose than the native west-
ern plant, wliicli is probably specifically dis
Native also of IJurope and .Asia. Old
anguinary, Thousand-leaf, Nosebleed,
Pepper. Soldier's Woundwort. June-Nov
m^^m
tinct
names
Old Man
84. ANTHEMIS L. Sp. PI. 893. 1753.
Annual or perennial herbs, with pinnatifid or dissected, alternate leaves, and usually
large peduncled heads of both tubular and radiate flowers, terminating the branches. Invo-
lucre hemispheric, its bracts imbricated in several series, scarious-margined, appressed, the
outer shorter. Receptacle convex, conic or oblong, chaffy at least toward the summit, the
chaff subtending the disk-flowers. Ray-flowers pistillate and fertile, or neutral, the tube
terete or 2-winged, the ray white or yellow, entire or 2-3-toothed. Disk- flowers perfect, fer-
tile, yellow, their corollas with 5-cleft limbs. Anthers obtuse and entire at the base. Style-
branches of the disk-flowers truncate. .Vchcucs obloug, angled, ribbed or striate. I'appus
none, or a short coroniform border. [Greek name of Camomile.]
.\boul 60 species, natives of Europe Asia and Africa.
Rays white,
Kays neutral: plant glabrous, or nearly so, fetid. 1. .1. Colula.
Kays jiistillate; plants pubescent.
.Annual; clialT of the receptacle acute.
Perinnial; chalT of the receptacle obtuse.
Rays j-ellow; plant pubescent, or tomentose.
A. arvensis.
.{. )wbilis.
A. liiicloria.
Mayweed.
Dillweecl.
'75,'v
'837.
fralasia.
I. Anthemis Cotula L.
Dog's, or Fetid Caiiiomile.
(Fig. 3984-)
Aiilhemis Coliihi I,. Sp. PI. 894.
Jl/itiu/a Cohila DC. Prodr. 6; 13.
Annual, glabrous, or sometimes pubescent
above, glandular and with a fetid odor and
acrid tatte, much branched, i°-2° high.
Leaves mostly sessile, i'-2' long, finely 1-3-
pinnatcly dissected into narrow, or almost
fdiform, acute lobes; heads commonly im-
merous, about i' broad; bracts of the invo-
lucre oblong, obtuse or obtusish, usually
somcwhiit tomentose; rays lo-lS, white, at
length reflexed, neutral, or rarely with
abortive pistils, mostly 3-toothed; receptacle
convex, becoming oblong, its chalf bristly,
subtending the central flowers; achenes 10-
ribbcd, rugose or glandular-tubcrculate; pap-
pus none.
In fields, waste places and along roadsides,
all over North .America except the extreme
north. Naturalized from Kutope, and widely
distributed ;is a weed in .Asia, .Africa and .Aus-
other names are Mather, Dog fennel, Dog-fitikle, Morgan. Jutie-Nov.
flir
Us .1
456
COMl'OSITAK.
[Vol,. III.
2. Anthemis arvensis L.
Corn or Field Camomile. (Fig. 3985.)
Antheniis ai ren.u's I.. Sp. I'l. S94. 175,3,
Annual or sometimes biennial, not fetid; stem
finely pubescent, usually much branched, about
1° high, the branches decumbent or ascending.
Leaves sessile, i'-,>' long, 1-2-pinnately parted
into linear or lanceolate acute lobes, less divided
than those of the preceding species and with
broader segments; heads coninionly numerous,
i'-i|^' broad; bracts of the involucre oblong,
obtuse, usually somewhat pubescent, with broad
scarious margins; rays lo-iS, white, pistillate,
spreading, mostly 2-toothed; chaff of the obtuse
receptacle lanceolate, acute or acuminate;
achenes oblong, obtusely 4-angled; pappus a
mere border.
In fields and waste places, Nova Scotia to Vir-
ginia, wtst to Michigan, Missouri, and on the Pa-
cific coast. Naturalized from luirope. Miiy-.'Vug.
N^VI
3. Anthemis nobilis L. Garden,
Scotch, White or Low Camomile.
(Fig. 3986.)
Aiilliemis nobilis I,. Sp. PI. 894. 1753.
Verennial, pubescent, aromatic, much branch-
ed, 6'-i8' high, the branches procumbent.
Leaves numerous, i''-2'' long, finely and com-
pactly dissected into nearly filiform lobes and
segments; heads about i' broad; bracts of the
involucre obtuse, pubescent, their scarious
margins broad; rays 12-18, white, spreading,
pistillate, 2-3-toothed; chaff of the conic recep-
tacle broad, membranous, obtuse; achenes ob-
long, obtusely 3-angled; pappus none.
Sparingly escaped from gardens, Rhode Island to
Delaware and Michigan. Adventive from liurope.
June-Aug.
Anthemis tinctoria L. Yellow or
Ox-eye Camomile. (Fig. 3987.)
Anlliemis linclo) ia L. Sp. PI. .'^06. 1753.
Perennial, pubescent or tomentose; stem erect,
branched, I °-3° high, with nearly erect branches.
Leaves sessile, i'-,^' long, pinnately divided,
the oblong segments pinnatifid into narrow acute
lobes; heads few or several, I'-i '2' broad; bracts
of the involucre oblong, obtuse, densely tomen-
^ll'?U '\ "iJ 'os^; '■'lys 20 30, pistillate, usually 2-toothed,
''^(Ij} \ » L^^-i*' I'nght yellow or sometimes paler; chaff of the
""' f'lj c-^-- nearly hemispheric receptacle lanceolate, acnm-
' ' —- ^"^ 'nate, rather rigid; achenes 4-angled, somewhat
compressed; pappus a crown-like border.
In fields and waste places, Maine to New Jersey,
and locally escaped from gardens. .-Vdvenlive from
ICurope. Native also of .'Vsia, June- .Sept.
I-
III.
Gknis S5.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
457
85. CHRYSANTHEMUM L. Sp. PI. 88S. 1753.
Perennial or annual, mostly erect and branching herbs, with alternate dentate incised
or dissected leaves, and large, usually long-peduncled heads of both tubular and radiate flow-
ers, or rays rarely wanting. Involucre hemispheric or depressed, its bracts appressed, im-
bricated in several series, the outer shorter. Receptacle flat, convex or hemispheric, naked.
Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile, the rays white, yellow or rose-colored, entire or toothed. Disk-
flowers perfect, fertile, their corollas with terete or 2-wiuged tubes and 4-5-cleft limbs. An-
thers obtuse and entire at the base. Style-branches of the disk-flowers truncate, penicillate.
Achenes angled or terete, 5-10-ribbed, those of the ray-flowers commonly 3-anglcd. I'appns
none, or a scaly cup. [Greek, golden-flower.]
About Kxi species, of wide geographic di.stribution in the northern hemisphere. Besides the
following, 2 others occur in northwestern arctic America. Our species have white ray-flowers.
Heads large, few or solitary at the ends of the stem or branches.
.Stem-leaves linear-spatulate, pinnately incised; weed. i. C. Leucanlliemutn.
Stem-leaves cuueate-spatulale, toothed or lobed above; arctic. 2. C. aicticum.
Heads numerous, small, corymbose; plants esciiped from gardens.
Leaves pinnatifid, tlie segments incised. j. C. Pai Iheniiiiii.
Leaves oblong, serrate. \. C. ISahamila.
I. Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum L
Daisy. (Fig. 3988.)
C. Leiicanlhcmum L. Sp. PI. 888. 1753.
Lcucanlhemum z'ulgare Lam. Fl. I-'r. 2: 137.
1778.
Perennial; stem glabrous, or sparingly pu-
berulent, simple or little branched, i°-3°
high, often tufted, the branches nearly erect.
Basal leaves obovate, oblong, or spatulate,
coarsely dentate or incised, narrowed into
long slender petioles; stem-leaves mostly
sessile and partly clasping, i'-3' long, linear-
spatulate or linear, pinnately incised or
toothed, the uppermost very small and nearly
entire; heads few or .solitary, i'-2' broad, on
long naked peduncles; rays 20-30, white,
spreading, slightly 2-3-toothed; bracts of the
involucre oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, mostly
glabrous, with scarious margins and a brown
line within the margins; pappus none.
In pastures, mciidows and waste places, com-
mon throughout our area as a weed, but less
abundant in the south and west. Natundized
from Europe. Native also of Asia. Other ling-
I'ih names are Dog-. Hull-, Butter-, Big-, Slid
• immer-, Moon-, lIor.se
White-weed. White or Ox-eje
Poorlaud- or .Maudlin Daisy, Dutch Morgan, Moon-flower. Sloon-penny,
Great Wliite Ox-eye, Poverty-weed, White Man's Weed,
Herb-Margaret. Rays rarely short aud tubular. Disk
bright yellow. May-Nov.
2. Chrysanthemum arcticum L. Arctic
Daisy. (Fig. 3989.)
Chiysanlhcmunt aiclicum L. Sp. PI. 889. 1753.
Leucanthemum arcticum DC. Prodr. 6: 45. 1837.
Similar to the preceding species, but somewhat
fleshy, lower, seldom over i>2° high. Leaves cune-
ate-spatulate, iS"-3' long, crenate or cleft at the
apex, narrowed into a long tapering entire base, or the
lower into slender petioles, slightly clasping at the
base, the uppermost few, small, linear and nearly en-
tire; heads solitary or few, long-peduncled, I'-a'
broad; rays 20-30, white; bracts of the involucre ob-
long, obtuse, brown, or with broad brown scarious
margins, usually pubescent; pappus none.
Coast of lludscm Bay to .Vlaska. Also in arctic
llurope and .^sia. Summer.
\1 K)
458
COMI'OSITAK.
[Vol.. III.
m '
3. Chrysanthemum Parthenium
(L. ) Pers. Coiniiion Feverfew.
Featherfew. (Fig. 3990.)
Afa/i icai id I'ai llieninm I,. Sp. I'l. Siyi. 175,?.
Chrysaiilluiiniiii I'arllienium rers. Svii. 2: \(yi.
i8(.>7.
Perennial; stem puberulent or glabrate,
niucli branched, i°-2>2° high. Leaves thin,
the lower often 6' lont;, pelioled, or the
npper sessile, pinnately parted into ovate or
oblong, pinnatifid or incised segnictits; heads
numerous, corymbose, slender-peduncled,
6"- 10" broad; bracts of the depressed invo-
lucre lanceolate, rather rigid, keeled, pubes-
cent, acute or acutish; rays 10-20, white, oval
or obovate, spreading, mostly toothed, long-
persistent; pappus a short toothed crown.
In waste |)laces, New Hruiiswick and Ontario
to New J(.isey, and locally in the interior, mostly
escaped from Rardens. Naturalized or iidveii-
tive from ICuropi-. Called also Pellitoiy. Wild
Camomile. Rays v.iriable in Icnglli. .Summer.
4. Chrysanthemum Balsamita L.
Costmary. (Fig. 3991.)
Chivsanlhemum liaUamila I,. ,Sp. I'l. Kd. 2,
1252. 1763.
Pyiellnum Bahamila Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 21 S3.
1S04.
Perennial, puberulent or canescent; stem
much branched, 2^-4° high. Leaves oblong,
obtuse, crenatc-dentate, \' -i' long, those of
the stem mostly sessile, and often with a pair
of lateral lobes at the base; heads numerous,
corymbose, slender-peduncled, ^"-"A" broad,
or when ray less only 3" broad; bracts of
the involucre narrow, obtuse, pubescent;
rays 10-15, white, spreading; pappus a short
crown.
Sparingly escaped from gardens, Ohio to On-
tario and Nova Scotia. Native of the Old World,
Other Hniflish names are Cost, .Xlecost, .Mecoast.
Summer.
86. MATRICARIA L. vSp. PI. 890. 1753.
.\nnual or perennial, mostly erect herbs, similar to some species of the precedirg genus,
with alternate leaves, dissected into filiform or narrowdy linear segments and lobes, and pe-
dunded heads of both tubular and radiate flowers, or rays wanting in some species. Invo-
lucre hemispheric, its bracts appressed, imbricated in few series, the outer sho- ' . Re-
ceptacle conic, elongated or hemispheric, naked. Rays, wdien present, while, pistuiate and
fertile. Disk-flowers yellow, perfect, fertile, their corollas 4-5-toothed. .Anthers obtuse and
entire at the base. .Style-branches of the disk-flowers truncate, penicillate. Achcnt.. 3-5-
ribbcd. Pappus none, or a coroniforni border. [Latin, uiatri.x, from its medicinal viitues.]
.Vbuut 20 species, natives of the norlliern hemisphere and South .Africa. The following are the
only ones known to occur in North America.
Kays present, white.
.^chenes obpyramidal, strongly 3 ribbed.
Plant tall, miicli branched; bracts of the involucre green.
Plant low, nearly simple, arctic; bracts diirk brown or black. 2.
.\cliencs nearly terete, oblong, faintly 3-5ribbed. 3.
Rays none; achenes oblong, faititly nerved. 4.
M. inotiora.
.If. f^raiuliflora.
M. Chaiiiomilla
M. vialiicai ioiiles.
III.
Geni-s S6.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
459
175.1-
2: yyj.
I. Matricaria inodora L. Scentless
Camomile. Corn Mayweed.
(Fig. 3992.)
,irij/i i,a) Id iiiiidoia I,. \'\, Succ. Kd. 2, 297. I7,S5.
Clirvsaiilhcinuiii in mi Of 11 in I.. Sp. IM. Ivd. 2, I25,v
Annual; stem usually nuicli branched, gla-
brous, or very nearly so tlirouj^liout, i ^-2^ liiKli-
Leaves numerous, sessile, 2 3-pinnately dis-
sected into liliforni lolies, the rachis somewhat
dilated at the base. Heads several or numerous,
terminating the branches, 'A'-iyi' broad; bracts
of the involucre lanceolate-oblong, obtuse,
green with brown scarious margins; rays 20-30,
white, spreading; receptacle hemispheric or
ovoid; achenes obpyramidal with three promi-
nent ribs; pappus a short entire or 4toolhed
crown.
In field.'! and waste places, NewfoundlaiKl to New
Jersey, and locally in the interior. Naturalized or
adventive from ICurope. June-Sept.
2. Matricaria grandiflora (Hook.) Britton.
Arctic Camomile. (Fig. 3993.)
Cluysaiilhi-mum g> a?idifloium Hook, in Parry's 2d
Voy. ;,c)S. 1S25
Pyrethi ntn modorum var. naiiiim Hook. Fl. Bor. Am.
i: 1,20. iS,-?,-;.
.1/. ,!^'randiJ/ora Britton, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 34'^- i''<)4-
I'crennial; stem usually simple and monoccphal-
ous, glabrous, 4'-! 2' high. Leaves sessile, or the
lowest short-pctioled, 1-2-pinnately dissected, l'-2>2'
long. Head not very long-peduneled, i'-2' broad;
bracts of the involucre ovate or ovate-oblong, obtu' .
glabrous, brown or nearly black, or with broad,
brown, scarious margins; rays 15-3,1, bright white,
slightly 3-5-toothed at the summit; receptacle hemi-
spheric when mature.
Ct)asl of Iludsim Bay to .\laska. Reported from Lake
Huron. Sunnner.
3. Matricaria Chamomilla L- Wild
or German Camomile. (Fig. 3994.)
Matiicaiia Cliamomilla L. .Sp. PI. .S91. 1753.
Annual, glabrous, nmch branched, i°-2° high.
Leaves aromatic, finely 2-3-pinuately dissec-
ted into numerous linear lobes; heads immer-
ous, S"-i2" broad, slender-pedunclcd at the
ends of the branches; bracts of the involucre
oblong, obtuse, green, or with brow^nish mar-
gins; rays 10-20, white, spreading; receptacle
ovoid, becoming conic and hollow; achenes
nearly oblong, or somewhat obovoid, faintly 3-
5-ribbed; pappus none.
In waste plaecs and on ballast, southern New
York to Pennsylvania, .\dventive or fugitive
from Kuropc. Called also Horse gowan. Summer.
460
COMPOSITAK.
[Vol.. in.
4. Matricaria matricarioides
(Less.) Porter. Rayle.ss Camomile.
(Pig- 3995-)
Sanloliiia suai'eo/riis I'lirsli, l-'I. Am. Sept.
520. 1814. Sol Af. sKatfii/i'in h. I7,S5.
Ar/emhia malricaiioides I.es-. I.iiiiiaca, 6:
210. 1831.
Mall icatia discoidea DC. I'rodr. 6: .v.. 1S37.
Matricaria »ialricarinides Portir, Mem. Torr.
Club, s:,vti. 1894.
Annual, glabrous; stem verv leafy, at
length much branched, 6'-iS' high. Leaves
2-;,-piiii'ately dissected into linear acute
lobes; heads numerous, 3"-4" broad, pe-
duncled; bracts of the involucre oval or ob-
long, green with broad white scarious mar-
gins, much shorter than the ovoid yellow
disk; rays none; receptacle conic; achenes
oblong, slightly angular, faintly nerved,
pappus an obscure crown, sometimes pro-
duced into 2 coriaceous oblique auricles.
In waste i)laces, in ballast and .iluntf rail-
roiids, Missouri to Miiiiie. Advenlive from
the Pacific coast. Naturalized as a weed in
northern Europe. May Aug.
87. TANACETUM L. Sp. PI. 843. 1753.
Erect, strongly aromatic herbs, our species perennials, with alternate, 1-3-pinnately dis-
sected or divided leaves, and numerous small corymbose heads of tubular flowers, or with
rays sometimes present and imperfectly developed. Involucre hemispheric, depressed, or
campanulate, its bracts appressed, imbricated in several series. Receptacle flat or convex,
naked. Marginal flowers pistillate, fertile, their corollas 2-5toothed or lobed, sometimes
produced into short rays. Disk-flowers perfect, fertile, their corollas 5-toothed. .\nthersob-
tuse and entire at the base, their tips broad. Style-branches truncate and penicillate at the
summit. Achenes 5-angled or ,s-ribbed, truncate or obtuse. Pappus none, or a short crown.
[From tanasie, old French for tansy; Greek, athanasia, immortality.]
.\bout T,}, species, natives of the northern hemisphere. Besides the following, 6 others occur
in western and nortiiwestern North America.
Glabrous, or nearly so; heads numerous, ,V'-5 ' broad. i, T. ziilgarf.
Villous-pubescent; heads few, 6"-n" l)road.
I. Tanacetum vulgare
Tanace/tim vulgare I,. Sp. PI. S44. 1753.
Stem stout, usually simple up to the iu-
florescence,glabrous, or sparingly pubescent,
'/^°-3° liig'i- Leaves pinnately divided
into linear-oblong, piunatifid or incised seg-
ments, the iobes acute, usually serrate;
lower segments of the leaves often smaller
than the others; basal leaves often i'^ long;
heads commonly numerous, y's" broatl,
rather short-peduncled ; in volucre depressed-
hemispheric, its bracts oblong-lanceolate,
obtuse, or the outer acute, slightly pubes-
cent or ciliate; receptacle flat; flowers yel-
low; marginal corollas -.vith short oblique
3-toothcd limbs; pappus a short crown.
.\lonK' roadsides, mostly escaped from gar-
dens, Nova Scotia and Ontario to Minnesota,
south to North Carolina and Missouri. Natu-
ralized oradventivc from Kurope. Other ICng-
lish names are Bitter Buttons, Hindlieal, (".in-
gerplant. ]uly-.Sept.
Tanacetum vulgare crispum DC. Prodr. 6: 128.
I8.57.
Leaf-segments more incised and crisped.
Occasional, in similar situations. In some
places more plentiful than the type.
2. T. Huroiiense.
L. Tansy. (Fig. 3996.)
^■■hii
Sti)t.
Gknls ST.] THISTMC FAMILY. 4^1
Vv
2. Tanacetum Huronense Nutt.
Lake Huron Tansy. (Fig. 3997.)
TaiKuilKiii //iii,iiiriisr NiM. C.i-n. 2: 141. 181S,
Villous-pubescent throughout, at least when
young, less so when mature, i°-2° hiKh. Leaves
T-pinnately divided, the lobes dentate or incised,
acute, tlic lower segments commonly smaller
than the others; heads i-.S, 6"-fi" broad, on very
stout pubescent peduncles; involucre depressed-
hemispheric; marginal flowers with 3-5-lobed
limbs, often expanded into short rays; pappus
a short crown.
In nioisl soil, especially alonjr streams or lakes.
New Hrunswick to Hudson Hay, Maine, Lake
Superior. Alaska and Oregon. July-Sept.
88. ARTEMISIA L. Sp. PI. 845. I753-
Odorous herbs or shrubs, often canescent or tomeutose, with alternate leaves, and small
pendulous or erect, discoid racemose spicate glomerate or paniculate heads, of greenish or
yellowish flowers. Involucre ovoid, oblong, or broadly hemispheric, its bracts imbricated in
few series, the outer gradually shorter. Receptacle flat, convex or hemispheric, naked or
pubescent, not chafTy. Central flowers perfect, sometimes sterile, with abortive ovaries and
undivided styles, sometimes perfect and fertile, with truncate style-branches; marginal flow-
ers usually pistillate and fertile, their corollas 2-3-toothed; or flowers all perfect and fertile
in sonic species, .\nthers obtuse and entire at the base, often tipped with subulate appen-
dages. Achenes obovoid or oblong, 2-ribbed or striate, rounded at the summit, usually
bearing a larije epigynous disk. Pappus none. [Named for Artemisia, wife of Mausolus.]
About 200 specits, natives of the northern hemisphere and southern South America. Besides
the folUiwing, sunie 25 others occur in the western parts of North .\nierica.
•A- Marginal flowers pistillate ; central flowers perfect, sterile.
a. Biennial or perennial herbs.
Leaves pitniatcly dissected into narrowly linear lobes.
Heads very numerous, i" broad; leaves mostly glabrous. I. A. taiidala.
Heads 2" broad, in narrow panicles; leaves silky-pubescent.
Heads few; involucre brown, mostly pubescent. 2. A. borealis.
Heads numerous; involucre green, mostly glabrous. 3. A. Canadensis.
Leaves linear, the lower sometimes ;vcleft or pinnately divided.
Leaves glabrous 4. A. dracnnculoides.
Leaves finely and densely pubescent. 5. A. glauca.
b. Shrubby, silverycanescent; heads small and numerous. 6. A. filifolia.
•:;- ■!•!• Marginal flowers pistillate; central flowers perfect, fertile.
a. Receptacle villous-pubescent.
Leaf-segments linear-fdiform, short.
Leaf-segments oblong, or line.ir-oblong; introduced.
b. Receptacle glabrous, or sparingly pubescent.
Leaves dissected, glabrous or pubescent, green, not tomentose.
Heads about 2 ' broad, numerous in panicled racemes; perennial.
Heads about i" broad, panicidate or spicate; annuals.
Leaves finely 2-3-pinnately divided; heads paniculate. _ _
Leaves pinnately divided; segments pinnatifid; heads in leafy spikes. 11. A. biennis.
Leaves densely white-canescent or tomentose, at least beneath.
Leaves iiinnatind or dissected.
Heads 3"-4" broad, racemose-glomerate; sea-beach plant. 12. A. Slelleriana.
Heads "i"-2" broad, spicate-paniculate or racemose.
Leaves deeply pinnatifid, the segments mostly incised. 13. A. vulgaris.
Leaves finely di.ssected into short linear lobes. 14. A. Ponlica.
Leaves pinnately parted into 5-7 narrow entire segments. 15. A. Kansana.
Leaves lanceolate or linear, serrate or entire, not pinnatifid.
Leaves lanceolate, sharply serrate, glabrous above. 16. A. serrata.
Leaves linear, oblong, or lanceolate, entire or lobed.
Leaves elongated, at length glabrous above. 17. A. longifoUa.
Leaves shorter, oblong or lanceolate, tomentose both sides. 18. A. gnaphatodes.
Leaves cuneate, li' long, 3toothed at the apex. 19. A. liigelofii.
-;<- v.- -k Flowers all perfect and fertile ; far western species.
Leaves cuneate, 3-toothed or 3-lobed. 20. A, liidenlata.
Leaves linear, entire. 21. A. cana.
7. A. ftigida.
8. .1. Ahsinlhinm.
A. Abivlaniim.
A. annua.
462
COMroSITAE.
LVoi.. HI.
St
1. Artemisia caudata Michx. Tall or Wild
Wormwood. (Fig. 399S. i
A> /rnihiii iiiiiitalii .Micli\. I'l. Ilor. .\m. i: iso 1S03.
Root biennial > soiiielimes perfiitiial? ; stems. slender,
glabrous, tulteil, strict, very Ical'v, 2°-6' lii^li.al lenj,'th
paniculately branched, the branches jjlabrous, or rarely
slightly pubescent, nearly erect. Lower and basal
leaves and those of sterile shoots slcndcr-petiolcd,
sometimes a little pubescent, .V -f'' lon^j, .'-vpiniiatcly
divided into narrowly linear acute lobes altout 'j"
wide; upper leaves sessile or nearly so, piniiately <li-
vided, or the uppermost entire and short; lieads about
1" broad, very shortpeduncledi very numerous in a
large somewhat leafy panicle, mostly nodding; bracts
of the ovoid-campanulatc involucre ovate, or the inner
elliptic, glabrous; receptacle hemispheric, naked;
central flowers sterile.
In dry sandy soil, abundant on sta beaches, fnitn Quebec
to I'lorula, west to JIanitobu, Nebraska and Te\a^. Julv-
Sept.
2. Artemisia bore^lis Pall. Northern
Wormwood. (Fig. 3999.)
Aitemisia luiyralis Pall. Iter. 129. />/. ///;, /. /. I7r'-
Arlemi.ua Gioe>:latidica Wornisk. I'l. I'an. pi. /i^'-
1818.
rcrennial, 5'-l,s' liiRh, (".eusely silky-pubescent
all over, resembling small forms of the following
species. Leaves less divided, the basal and lower
ones petioled, \'-2yz' long, the upper .sessile, lin-
ear and entire or merely 3-parted; heads about 2"
broad in a dense terminal rarely branched thyrsus;
involucre nearly hemispheric, its bracts brown or
brownish, pilose-pubescent or nearly glabrous; re-
ceptacle convex, naked; disk- flowers sterile.
Maine (according to l''crnald ) ; Quebec to ( treinland,
west through arctic America to .\laska, soutli in the
Rocky Mountains to Colorado. Also in northern .'Vsia.
July-,\ug.
3. Artemisia Canadensis Michx. Canada
Wormwood. (Fig. 4000.)
Arlemisia CanaJrnsis 'Michx. Fl. Hor. .\m. 2: 120. i"*o,3.
Root perennial (or sometimes biennial); stem pubes-
cent or glabrous, strict, simple or branched, i°-2° high,
the branches appressed and erect. Leaves usually pubes-
cent, but sometimes sparingly so, the basal and lower
ones petioled, 2'-.^' long, 2-pinuately divided into linear
acute lobes which are shorter and broader than those of
Arlcinisia caudata; upper leaves sessile, less divided;
heads short-peduucled, about 2" broad, commonly num-
erous in a narrow virgate panicle, mostly spreading or
erect, in small forms the panicle reduced to a nearly
or quite simple terminal raceuie; involucre ovoid, its
bracts ovate or oval, green, glabrous or pubescent; re-
ceptacle hemispheric; central flowers sterile.
In rocky soil, Hudson Bay to northern Maine and Ver-
mont, west along the Great Lakes to Minnesota and Maiii-
toba and to the Canadian Pacific coast, south in the Rocky
Mountains to Arizona, and to Nebraska.
Wild Wormwood. July -Aug.
Called also .Sea or
GiiMs ss.]
THISTLIC FAMILY.
4^^3
4, Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh.
Linear-leaved Wormwood.
(Fig. 4001.)
Ailriiiisia iliaiunciili>itles I'lirsli, 1*1. Am. Stpt. 7p.
IM|.
I'eremiial, glabrous; stem somewhat woody,
usually iiuu'li braiiclied, 2°-4° hiKli, the branches
nearly erect. Leaves linear, i'^}4' lon^;, i"-2"
wide, acute, entire, or the lower and basal ones
sometimes 3-cleft or even more divided; heads
very numerous, \"-i)4" broad, nodding, very
short-pcdunded, racemose-paniculate; involucre
nearly hemispheric, its bracts ovate or oblong,
green, .scarious-margined; receptacle hemispheric,
naked; disk flowers sterile.
Iiry plains and prairies, Manitoba to the Nortliwest
Territory and liritisli Columbia, soulli to Nebraska,
Texas, New Mexico and California. ]uly-Nov.
5. Artemisia glauca Pall. Silky
Wormwood. (Fig. 4002.)
-•I. A'/awfiJ l'all.;Willd. Sp. PI. 3: iS,v. 1804.
.lilemisia diaciinciiloides \?i\\ incaiia T. & (V. Fl.
N. .\. 2: 416. 1843.
Perennial, similar to the preceding species;
stems strict, leafy, usually simple or little
branched, ]°-2° high, pubescent, tomentose or
canescent, or glabrous below. Leaves linear,
Yz'-^yz' long, about \" wide, entire, finely and
densel)' pubescent, obtuse or obtusisli, or the
lower or sometimes nearly all of them 3- cleft
into linear lobes I'-ij^'long; panicle narrow,
branched, its branches nearly erect; heads droop-
ing, sessile, very numerous, scarcely more than
I/2" long; involucre hemispheric, its bracts scarious-margined, obtuse; receptacle naked;
disk- flowers sterile.
Minnesota and Manitoba to the Northwest Territory.
6. Artemisia filifdlia Torr. Silvery
Wormwood. (Fig. 4003.)
Artemisia filifolia Torr. .\nn. Lye. N. V. 2: 211. 1S27.
.Shrubby, finely silvery-canescent throughout;
stem branched, i°-3° high, the rigid branches nearly
erect. Leaves \'-2' long, nearly all 3-part''d into
filiform entire segments less than Yz" wide, or the
uppermost undivided; heads exceedingly numerous,
about )2" broad, racemose-paniculate, very short-
peduncled, 3-5-fiowered; involucre oblong, its
bracts densely canescent; receptacle small, naked
or slightly fimbrillate; central 1-3 flowers sterile.
On dry plains, Nebraska to Utah, south to Texas,
Mexico and New Mexico. Wormwood Sage. July-Oct.
464
CO.Ml'OSITAK.
[Vor,. in.
7. Artemisia frigida WilUl. Pasture Sage-
Hriisli. Wormwood Sage. (Pig. 4004. )
Ai Iniiiiiii /i ii;itla Willil. Sp, I'l. 3; i-;.vS. i8().|.
rerennial, woody at tlie base, ilensely silky-
caiicsceiit all over; stem branched or simple, i(i'-
jd' liinli. Leaves 'j' i '..' Ioiik, ternately or 5-
iiately divided into numerous short acutish mostly
entire lobes less than ,'i" wide, the lower and
basal ones pctiolcd, ami often with a pair of en-
tire or i-clclt divisions near the base of the peti-
ole, the upper sessile and less divided; heads
ratlier numerous, racemose or racemose-panicu-
late, short-pedunclcd, noddiuj;, about 2" broad; in-
volucre lipmispheric.its l)racts oblong, cunescentor
tonientose; receptacle villous-pubescent; central
flowers fertile.
Oil dry plains and in mcky soil, .Minnusola to the
Nurtluvi'Sl Ttrritory .ind Idaho, south to Nebraska,
Texas and New Mc.vico. Called also Wild Sage.
Julv <1ct. ^__/
8. Artemisia Absinthium L,. Coiniuon
Woniiwood. Ab.siuth. (Fig. 4005.)
Ailrmisia Absinlliiiim \,. Sp. PI. 84S. 1753.
Shrubby, finely canescent; stem much branched, 2°-
4^ high. Leaves 2'-5'long, 1-3-pinnately divided into
numerous oblong to obovate obtuse lobes, the lower
long-petioled, the upper short-petioled or sessile, the
uppernio-*t commonly linear and entire; heads numer-
ous, yellow, racemose-paniculate, drooping, sliort-pe-
duncled, 2"-2^i" broad; involucre hemispheric, its
outer bracts linear, the inner much broader, scarious-
margined; receptacle pilose-pubescent; central flowers
fertile, the marginal ones fertile or sterile.
In waste places. Newfoundland and Hiidsor. Ray to
Jlassachusetts, western Ontario and New York. Natu
ralized or adventive from Ivurope. mostly escaped from
gardens. Old Unglisli names, Maderwort, Mugwort,
Mingwort, Warmot. July -Oct.
9. Artemisia Abrotanum L. Soutlieniwood. (Fig. 4006.)
Arleniisia Abrotanum L. Sp. PI. 845. 1753.
I'ercnnial, somewhat shrubby; stem puberulent or
glabrous, much branched, 2°-4° high, the branches
short, erect or ascending. Leaves glabrous or some-
what pubescent, i'-3' long, 1-3-pinnately parted into
linear obtuse entire lobes about yi" wide, or the
uppermost linear and entire, the lowest petioled;
heads several-flowered, yellow, very numerous, nod-
ding, racemose-paniculate, 2'''-2>i''' broad; involucre
nearly hemispheric, pubescent, its outer bracts lan-
ceolate, acute, the inner ones obovate; receptacle
glabrous; central flowers fertile.
In waste places, Massachusetts to western New York,
southern Ontario, and Nebraska. Adventive from con-
tinental Europe. Old English names, I.ad's Love, Boy's
Love, Slovenwood, Old Man.
Artemisia procera Willd., a similar species, but with
glabrous involucre, is stated by Dr. Griiy (Syn. Fl. l: Part
2, 370) to have escaped from gardens at Buffalo, N. Y., but
is not recorded in Mr. IJ. F. Day's Catalogue of Plants of
♦ hat vicinity.
<;i;mn ss.
TIIISTI,!' I'AMIIA'
10. Artemisia annua I,. Annual
WdrnuvDod. ( l-'ij,'. 4007. )
.1 1 /I'lili/ii iin'iiiii I,. Sp, ri. S}7. i7,s,v
Aiimial, uliibrous throuKlioiit, iiuicli branclicil,
2°-'," liiKli. Leaves 2'-f)' loiiK, finely i-.vpiiniately
diasecteil into very narrow short obtuse lobes, the
lower and bssal ones sleiulcr-pclioled, the upper
sessile and less divided, but none of tliein entire;
heads very numerous, about 1 " I)roail, drooping,
borne on very slender peduncles of about theirown
length or less; involucre hemispheric, glabrous,
its bracts few, ovate to oblong; receptacle glabrous;
flowers commonly all fertile.
In waste places, Unlarid toWVst Virjritiia, 'IVniiessee
anil Kan'^as, a bad wteil in some places
naturalized iKmi Asia. Summer.
.Xdveiitive or
II. Artemisia biennis Willd. Biennial
Wormwood. (Fig. 4008.)
Ai/nitisia hieiiiiis \\\\U\. Pliytogr. ii. 179).
.\nnual or biennial, glabrous throughout; stem very
leafy, usually branched, i°-4° high, the branches
nearly erect. Leaves i'-,^' long, 1-2-pinnately di-
vided into linear or linear-oblong, acutish, serrate or
incised lobes, the lowest pctiolcd, the uppermost less
ilivided or rarely quite entire; heads about 1)4"
broad, not drooping, sessile and exceedingly numer-
ous in axillary glomerules which are crowded, form-
ing a compound spicate inflorescence, the subtend-
ing leaves nuich exceeding the clusters; involucre
nearly hemispheric, its bracts green, scarious-mar-
gincd; receptacle naked; central flowers fertile.
Native in the Northwest Territory and the northwest-
ern fnited States, now widely distributed as a weed from
Manitoba to Nova Scotia, south to Missouri, Kentucky
and I'eniisylv.mia. riant not odorous. Aug.-Oct.
12. Artemisia Stelleriana Bess. Beach
Wormwood. (Fig. 4009.)
Aiiemisia Slelleriana Bess. Abrot. 79. pi. .1. 1829.
Perennial, densely white-tomentose; stem
branched, 1-2^^° high, bushy, the branches
ascending. Leaves obovate to spatulate, i'-4'
long, pinnatifid into oblong obtuse entire or
few-toothed lobes, the lower petioled, the upper
sessile, all densely tomentose beneath, but be-
coming green and glabrous above when old;
heads racemose-spicate or racemose-glomerate,
2,"-A" broad, not drooping; involucre oblong-
campanulate, its bracts tomentose, lanceolate or
obloug-lanceolate; receptacle naked; central
flowers fertile.
Sandy sea-beaches, Maine and Massachusetts to
New Jersev. Cultivated in gardens along the coast.
Native of 'northeastern Asia. Occurs also on the
coast of Sweden. Foliage similar to that of the
Dusty Miller, Cineraria marilima L. July-Aug.
30
--0
'.
466
COMPOSITAE.
[Vol. III.
13. Artemisia vulgaris L,.
Coiiimon Mugwort. (Fig. 4010. )
Artemisia vulgaiis I,. Sp. PI. 848. 1753.
Perennial; stem glabrous or nearly so, much
branched, i°-3>2° high. Leaves i'-4^i' long,
deeply piuuatifid, into linear, oblong or some-
what spatulate, piunalifid, toothed or entire
lobes, densely white-tomentose beneath, dark
green and glabrous above, the lower petioled
and often with 1 or 2 pairs of small lateral divis-
ions at or near the base of the petiole, the upper
sessile, the uppermost sometimes linear and en-
tire; heads numerous, erect, about 2" broad, in
pauicled simple or compound spikes; involucre
oblong-campanulate, its bracts oblong, obtusish,
scarious-margined, tomentose or glabrous; re-
ceptacle naked; central flowers fertile.
In waste places, Nova Scotia to Ontario, lliclii-
gan, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Naturalized
from Europe. Native also of Asia. Reported as
native in arctic America. Called also Motherwort,
Kellon-hcrb, Sailor's Tobacco, Wormwood, lUil
wand. July-Oct.
14. Artemisi.i Pontica L. Roman or Hungarian Wormwood.
Ar/emisia Ponlica !<. Sp. PI. 847. 1753.
Perennial; stem branched, glabrous or canescent,
i°-3°high. Leaves xyi'-iYi' long, 2-3-pinnately
dissected into short narrow lobes less than 1 " wide,
canescent on both sides, or tomentose beueath, the
lower petioled and the petioles somewhat clasping
or auricled at the base, the upper mostly linear and
entire; heads numerous, i"-2" broad, drooping,
sleuder-peduncled; involucre hemispheric, canes-
cent, its bracts oblong or obovate, obtuse, the outer
short, lanceolate; receptacle glabrous; central
flowers fertile.
Railway embankment near Tumble Station. Hunt-
erdon Co., N. J.; mountain-side near Lily Lake, Lu-
zerne Co., Pa. Both specimens in leaf only, and re-
ferred to this species with some hesitation. Fugitive
or adventive from central Europe. July-Aug.
(Fig. 401 1.)
15. Artemisia Kansilna Britton. Kansas
Mugwort. (Fig. 4012.)
Densely white-woolly all over; stem erect, much
branched, the l)ranches strict, bearing very numerous
small heads forming a narrow dense panicle. Leaves
numerous, crowded, the lower pinnately divided into
3-7 narrowly linear revoiute-margined segments 'j"
wide or less, greenish above; upper leaves mostly
narrowly linear and entire; heads oblong-oval, ses-
sile, or very short-peduncled, erect, or somewhat
spreading, i/.2"long; involucre very woolly, its bracts
ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute; recep-
tacle naked.
Plains, Lane Co., Kansas, Aug. 15, 1895 (A. S. Hitch-
cock).
Genus SS.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
(N'VJ
I I"]
i6. Artemisia serrata Nutt.
Saw-leaf Mugwort. (Fig. 4013.)
Arlfinisia serra/a Nutt. C.eii. 2; 112. iSiS.
Perennial; stem stout, tonieutose or be-
coininj; glabrous, much branched, 5°-io°
high. Leaves lanceolate, 2'-6' long, 3"-
12" wide, densely white-tonientose beneath,
dark green and glabrous above, acuminate
at the apex, narrowed to a sessile base, or
the lowest petiolcd, sharply serrate or in-
cised, or the upper entire; heads very nu-
merous, greenish, erect, about I'/i" broad,
sessile or short- peduncled in panicled spikes
or racemes; involucre canescent, its bracts
oblong, obtuse, or the outer ones lanceolate;
receptacle naked; central flowers fertile.
Prairifs, Illinois to Jlinntsota and Dakota.
Introduccil on the Moliawk Kiver, near Sclic-
uectady, X. V. Aug.-Oct.
17. Artemisia longifolia Nutt.
Long-leaved Mugwort. (Fig. 4014.)
Ai lemisia lougi/oUa Nutt. Gen. 2: 142. 181S.
Perennial; stem densely white-tonientose,
branched, 2°-5° high. Leaves linear or lin-
ear-lanceolate, elongated, entire, 2'-^' long,
l"-5" wide, acuminate, tapering to a sessile
base, or the lower petioled, densely white-
tomentose on both sides, or becoming green
and glabrate above; heads numerous, erect,
spicate-pauiculate, about 2" broad; involucre
tomentose, its bracts oblong, obtuse; recep-
tacle naked ; central flowers fertile.
In dry rocky soil, western Nebraska to Min-
nesota, Montana and the Northwest Territory.
Aug.-Sept.
18. Artemisia gnaphalodes Xutt.
Prairie, Western or Cud-weed
Mugwort. (Fig. 4015.)
Arlcmisia f^iiaphalodes Nutt. Gen. 2: 14,^ 181.S.
Aifeiiiisia /^itdoz'hiaiia var. gnaphalodes T. &
G. Fl. N. A. 2:420. 184,1.
Perennial, similar to the preceding spe-
cies; stem white-tomentose, usually much
branched, i°-4° high. Leaves lanceolate or
oblong, I '-3' long, 2"-(>" wide, entire, or
the lower somewhat toothed, lobed or in-
cised, white tomentose on both sides, acute
or acuminate, sessile or the lower narrowed
into short petioles; heads numerous, erect,
spicate-paniculate, above I'/i" broad; invo-
lucre oblong, tomentose; receptacle naked;
central flowers fertile.
On prairies and dry banks, western Ontario
and Illinois to liritihh Columbia, south to Jlis-
souri, Texas, Arizona, Mexico and California. Aug.-Oct
;!':n
1*1:
COMrOSITAH.
[Vol. III.
19. Artemisia Bigelovii A. Gray.
Bigelow's vSage-lUisli. (l*"ig. 4016.)
Aileiiiisia J!ii:^elo:ii A. Ciiay,
lS,s6.
Pac. K. K. Kc]i. 4: III).
Perennial, sliriibhy, silvery-caiicscenl through-
out, S'-i5' high, much branched, the branches
erect. Leaves narrowly cuncate, or oblong, obtuse,
truncate, or 3 -.stoothcd at the apex, S"-9" long,
about i" wide; heads very numerous, about i"
broad, densely glomerate-spicate in a narrow vir-
gate panicle, 2-vflowcrcd, i or 2 of the marginal
ones pistillate, the others perfect and fertile; invo-
lucre short-oblong, canescent or tomentose, its
bracts oblong, obtuse; receptacle naked.
Kansas (acconlingr to Smyth 1, and Colorado to .\ri-
zoiia. .VuK.-Uct.
20. Artemisia tridentata Nutt.
Coininon Sage-bush. Sage-brush.
Sage-wood. Mountain Sage.
(Fig. 4017.)
Ar/einisia Iriilfitlala Xiitl. Trans. Am. I'liil. ,Soc.
(II) 7: ,198. 18(1.
Shrubby, silvery-cancsccnt; stem much
branched, r"-i2°high. I^eavcs narrowly cune-
ate, yi'-iVz' long, l"-V wide, sessile, 3-7-
toothed at the truncate apex; heads very nu-
Tiicrous.s-'^-llowered, about 1 1^" broad, sessile,
or very nearly so, in large dense panicles; invo-
lucre oblong, tomcntosc.its inner bracts oblong,
"the outer short, ovate, all obtuse or obtusish; re-
ceptacle naked; flowers all perfect and fertile.
(Ill dry plains and in nicky soil, western Ne-
braska to Colorado, I'lali and California, north to
IMonlaiia and Ilritisli Columbia. July -Sept.
21. Artemisia cana Pursh. Hoary
Sage-Bush. (Fig. 4018.)
Arlouisia cana Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 521. iSi).
Shrubby, densely whitc-canesccnt; stem
much branched, t°-2j4°high. Leaves linear,
linear-oblong or narrowly lanceolate, sessile,
acute at both ends, i'-2' long, i ^^"-3" wide,
usually quite entire, rarely with 2 or 3 acute
teeth or lobes; heads numerous, about lyi"
broad, glomerate or sometimes solitary iu the
axils of the leaves, or cro-vded into a naked
thyrsus at the summit, 5-9-flowercd; invo-
lucre oblong, canescent, its inner bracts ob-
long or lanceolate, obtuse, usually with i-
3 shorter outer ones; receptacle naked;
flowers all perfect and fertile.
Plains, Nebraska an'' Colorado to North Da-
kota and the Northwest Territory. July-Sept.
^-^vvvt-fvii^wp--'
Gl'NUS 89.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
469
89. TUSSILAGO h. vSp. PI. 865. 1753.
An acaiilescent herb, iiioic or less wliite-toiiienlose, willi slciuler peiciinial roolstocks,
tiroad basal cordate, dentate or lobed, loiig-pctioled leaves, and large solitary, monoecious
heads of botli tubular and radiate yellow flowers at the summit of a scaly scape, appearing
before the leaves of the season. Involucre campanulate to cylindric, its principal biacts in
a sinji;lc scries, equal, with or without a few shorter outer ones. Receptacle flat, naked. Ray-
flowers in several series, pistillate, fertile. Disk-flowers perfect, sterile, the corolla .vc!e.''t,
the style undivided and oltusc, lobed. Achcnes of the ray-flowers linear, 5-10-ribbed. Pap-
pus copious, of numerous slender roughish bris-
tles, that of the sterile flowers shorter than that
of the fertile. [Latin, his.iis, cough, for which
the plant was a reputed remedy.]
A inoiiolypictjenus of northern liurupe and Asia.
I. Tussilago Farfara L. Coltsfoot.
Coiighwort. (Fig. 4019.)
Tiissilnji^o I'aifura L. Sp. PI. 865. 1753.
Scape slender, ,-/ -iS' high, bearing a solitary
large head at the summit. Leaves nearly orbicu-
lar, or broadly ovate-reniform, angulately lobed
and dentate, ^'-7' broad, green and glabrous
above, persistently white-tomentose beneath;
head about i' broad; involucre campanulate; v).i
rays bright yellow, numerous, linear, pistillate, i^i
fertile.
In moist sdil, alonp roadsides, etc , Nova Scotia
and New liruiiswick to Massacluisetls, New York
and Minnesota. Naturalized from IvuroiJC. Other
names are Horse foot. Horse-hoof, Dove-dock, Sow-
foot, Colt-herb, Hoofs, Cleats, Ass'sfoot, HiUl's-
foiit, Foalfoot, Ginger, Clay-weed. .Vpril-June.
90. PETASITES Gaertii. Fr. & Setn. 2: 406. //. 166.
Herbs with perennial thick horizontal rootstocks, broad basal petioled leaves, and scaly
scapes bearing racemose or corymbose heads of tubular or both tid)ular and radiate, white or
purplish, often dioecious or subdioecious flowers. Involucre campanulate to cylindric, its
bracts in i series, equal. Receptacle flat, or nearly so, not chaffy. Corolla of pistillate flow-
ers very slender, 2-5-toothed, truncate or sometimes with a ray, marginal, or composing most
of the head; perfect but sterile flowers with a tubular 5-cleft corolla, the style undivided.
Anthers entire or minutely sagittate at the base. I'ertile achencs linear, the pappus of nu-
merous capillary rough or barbellate bristles. [Greek, a broad-rimmed hat, referring to the
broad leaves of these plants.]
About 12 species, natives of the north temperate and subarctic zones.
Flowers whitish, the iiislillatc radiate: natives; northern.
Leaves orbicular, 7-1 1 cleft nearly to tlie base. i.
Leaves hastate- reni form, sinuate lobed or toothed. 2.
Leaves deltoid-ovate, repanddenticulate.
Flowers all rayless, purple; inlrodiued.
P. fiixhiiala.
P. frigitia.
J', saiiilhila.
P. Pr/a.\i/cs.
1. Petasites palmata (Ait.) A. Grny.
Palmate-leaf Sweet Coltsfoot. (Fig. 4020.)
Tussi/(j,Q-i> paliiiala .\it. Ilort, Kew. 2: iSs. pi. j. 17S1).
A'aitlosmia pahtiala Hook. Fl. lior. Am, i: :;c■^ iS.i.i-
J'clasilcs palmala A. tJray in Ihew. iSc Wats. Hot. Cal.
1:407. 1876.
Scape very scaly, stout, 6'-24' high. Leaves
nearly orbicular in outline, 3'-! 2' broad, deeply
7-11-clcft to much beyond the middle, green and
glabrous above, densely white-tomentose beneath,
at least when young, sometimes becoming glabratc,
the lobes oblong or obovate, acute, often somewhat
cuneate, sharply dentate or incised; heads mostly
dioecious, corjndiose or racemose-corymbose, nu-
merous, 4"-6" broad; flowers nearly white, fragrant,
the marginal ones of the pistillate heads radiate.
In swamjjs and alon^ streams. Newfoundland ti>
.■\laska and Hritish Columbia, south to .Massachusetts,
New York, Wiscoubiii und California April June.
47°
COMl'OSITAK.
[Vor.. III.
;\ !i.
t :::
2. Petasites frigida (L.) Fries.
Arctic Sweet Coltsfoot. (Fig. 402 r.)
Tiissildffo fiigida \,. Sp. I'l. Sfis. 175;,.
Pelasiles frii;ida rrits. Summa \'v^. Scaiul. 1.S2.
1S45.
Scape very scaly, ,,'-10' high. Leaves hastate-
reiiiforiii to triaiiguhir-ovatc, i'-4' luiiR, irregu-
larly and aiigulately lohcd and incised, green
and glabrous above, persistently white-tomen-
tose beneath, the lobes entire or few-toothed;
heads usually fewer and larger than those of the
preceding species; involucre short-canipanulate;
flowers nearly white, fras^rant, the marginal ones
of the'pislillate heads radiate.
Lake WintiiiHB (according to Richardson), to th<
.•\rclic Sea. west lo Alaska and tlie mountains ol'
Hritisli Columbia. .\lso in northern Uurope and
Asia.
3. Petasites sagittata (Pursh) A.
Gray. Arrow-leaf Sweet Coltsfoot.
(Fig. 4022. )
'J'li siil 111^0 sa,<; 11 la/a I'ursU, l''l. Am. .Sept. ,v^2. 1X14.
SVardosviia sai^illala lliiok. M. lior. Am. l: 507.
Pe/asilrs saQil/ala \. f,ray in lirew. M: Wats. Cal.
Hot. i: 407. 1876.
Scape and racemose-corymbose inflorescence
similar to those of the two preceding species.
Leaves deltoid-ovate or reniform-ovate, persist-
enth" white-tonientose beneath, glabrous or
nearly so above, 4'-io' long, their margins .sinu-
ate denticulate, neither cleft nor lobcd; involucre
campanulate; flowers nearly white, the marginal
ones of the pistillate heads radiate.
In wet Krouiul, Hudson I!ay to Manitoba and
MiniKsiita, west to Hritisli Columbia, south in the
Koeky Mountains to Colorado. May-June.
V.
^-^'^y^
^ji^w
4. Petasites Petasites (L,. ) Karst.
Butter-bur. Butterfly-dock.
(Fig. 4023.)
Tiissilaf^o Pe/asi/rs I,. ,Sp, PI. .S66. 1753.
I'elasiles qiruhialis Jfoench. Meth. 56S." 1 794.
J'elasiles z'lilaaiis Desf. I'l. Atlanl. 2: 270. 1798.
P. Pclasiles Karst. Deutscli. Fl. 11162. i8S<}-83.
Scape very scaly, 6'-i5' high. Leaves or-
bicular or hastale-reniform, often 12' broad
when mature, rounded or pointed at the apex,
repand-denticulate all around, persistently
white-tomentose beneath, green and mostly
glabrous above; heads 4"-6" broad, mostly
dioecious, in a dense raceme, the staminate
ones smaller than the pistillate; flowers piuk-
purple, fragrant, none of them radiate.
In cultivated and waste Krouiul, Hacks Co. to
Delaware Co., Pa. Naturalized from ICurope.
Native also of northern Asia. Other names are
Halter-, Hutter- or Klea-doek, HoR- or Poison-
rhid)arb, ICldin, Crallon, Umbrella-leaves, Pesti-
lence wort, (i.\ wort. .\pnl.
<ii;xrs 91.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
471
91. ARNICA h. Sp. PI. 884. 1753.
ICrcct, simple or little branched herbs, with opposite leaves, or the upper rarely alternate,
anil large, Ion>{-pecliinclc(l heads of both tubular aud radiate, yellow flowers, or rays wanting
in some species. Involucre turbinate or campanulate, its bracts in i or 2 series, narrow,
nearly e(|ual. Receptacle flat, naked, fimbrillateor villous. Ray-flowers pistillate, fertile, the
ra s spreading, entire, or 2-3-toothed. Disk-flowers perfect, fertile, the corolla 5-lobed,
the style with slender branches. Anther« entire or minutely 2auriculate at the base.
Achenes linear, 5-10-ribbcd, more or le.ss pubescent. I'appus a single scries of rough or bar-
bellate rigid slender bristles. [Derivation uncertain, perhaps from Ptarmica.]
.\bout 20 species, natives of the norlliorn hemisphere. D( sides the following, some 11 others
occur in the western parts of Nortii .Vnierica.
liasalleavis ovate or oval, sessile; southern. i. A.acaulis.
Basal leaves oblong, lanceolate, or cordate -ovate, pelioled.
liasal leaves cordate-ovate. :. A. conii/o ia.
Hasal leaves not cordate, taperiuK to the petiole.
Stem-leaves 3-5 pairs; \ipper somewhat smaller. 3. A. Chamissonis.
•Stem-leaves 1-3 pairs; upper much smaller. 4. A. alpina.
I. Arnica acaulis (Walt.) B.S.P.
Leopard'. s-bane. (Fig. 4024.)
Hoioiiiiuin acdiile Walt. VI. Car. 205. 17,^8,
Arnica Clayloiii Pursli, Fl. An.. Sept. 527. 1814.
Arnica iiudicaiilis Nutt. Gen. 2: 164. 1818.
Arnica acaulis li.S.P. Prel. Cat. N. Y. 30. 1888.
Glandular-hirsute; stem i°-3° high, bearing
several slender-peduncled heads at the sum-
mit, liasal leaves tufted, ovate or oval, ob-
tuse, narrowed to a sessile base, denticulate
orcntirc, 2'-5'long,i Ji'-.V wide; stem-leaves
1-3 pairs, and some alternate, very small ones
above; heads I'-i'j' broad; bracts of the in-
volucre linear-lanceolate, acute or acutish;
rays 12-15, commonly j-toothed at the trun-
cate apex; achenes pubescent when young,
glabrous or nearly .so when mature.
In low woods, Delaware and southern Penn-
sylvania to Florida. .Vpril-JIay.
2. Arnica cordifolia Hook.
Heart-leaf Arnica. (Fig. 4025.)
Arnica cordifolia Hook.
Fl. I3or. Am. I:
Hirsute, or pvd)esceut; stem simple, or
sparingly branched, i°-2° high. Basal
and lower leaves ovate to nearly orbicular,
obtuse or acute, deeply cordate at the base,
dentate, i'-3' long, with slender some-
times margined petioles; stem-leaves 1-3
pairs, ovate to oblong, sessile or short-peti-
oled, much smaller; heads i-8,2'-3' broad;
bracts of the involucre acute or acuminate,
6"-io" long; rays 12-16, toothed at the
apex; achenes hirsute-pubescent, or gla-
brous at the base.
Western Nebraska to tlic Norlliwest Terri-
torv, west to Nevada and llritish Columl)ia.
May-July.
COMPOSITAi:.
[Vol.. III.
3. Arnica Chamissonis Less.
Chainisso'.s Arnica. ( Fig. 4026. )
Ai iiita C/i<iinissiuii.< Less, l.iiiiuifa, 6: ,-,17,
Arnica »io//is Hook. l'"l. lioi. \ni. I: -iii.
Villous-pubesccnl; stem simple, or Utile
branched, \"-2'^° high, bearing i-h heads at
the summit. Leaves oblong or obloiig-lan-
ceolate, dentate or entire, acute or obtuse,
2'-$' long, y-9" wide, the lower and l)asal
•les narrowed into petioles, the upper scs-
siie, and usually somewhat connate l)y a
broi (1 or narrowed base, those of the stem
;,-5 pairs, usually with some alternate small
ones on the branches; heads i'-2' broad;
bracts of the involucre acute; rays 10-15, 3"
toothcd; achenes hirsute-pubescent.
Mountain^- of noilhcrn New York, New
llaiiipsliirc and Maine lo New Krunswick, west
to Lake .Superior, .Maska anil California, south
in the Rocky Mountains to I'tah and Colorado.
Jinie-.\ng.
4. Arnica alpina (L.) Olin. Mountain Tobacco. Arctic Leopard's-hane.
Arctic Arnica. (Fig. 4027.)
Aniua inotilana var. alf>uia I,. .Sp. PI. 8S4.
Ariiiia alpina Ohn, Mon. .\rn, I'psala. irW-
Arnica a>ie;nslifolia Vahl, I"l, Dan. />/. /■;.'/•
iSi4.
Similar to the preceding species.but smaller
and more slender, b'-is' high, villous o- ju-
bescent. Stem simple, usually bearirg but a
single head, but sometimes with 1-5 addi-
tional ones from the axils of the upper leaves,
leaves lanceolate, linear-oblong, or the lowest
spatulate, thickish, entire or denticulate, ;,-
nerved, the basal ones petioled, those of
the stem 1-3 pairs, sessile or short-petioled,
scarcely connate, the upper pair usually
much smaller than the lower ones; heads
about 2' broad; rays 10-15, toothed; achcncs
hirsute or glabrate.
Labrador to Greenland and the .Vrctic Sea,
west tr. Manitoba (accordinp; to Macoun ), .\laska
and British Columbia, south in the .Sierra Ne-
vada to California and in the Rocky Mountains
to Colorado. Also in northern Ivurope. May-
Sept.
92. ERECHTiTES Raf. Fl. Ltidov. 65. 1817.
l'>ect, usually branching herbs, with alternate leaves, and (in our species) rather large
discoid many-flowered heads of whitish flowers, corymbose-paniculate at the ends of the
stem and branches. Involucre cylindric, swollen at the base, its principal bracts in 1 series,
linear, with or without sonio much smaller outer ones. Receptacle concave, naked. Mar-
ginal flowers in 2-scveral series, pistillate, fertile, their corollas fdiforin, the limb 2-4-toothed.
Central flowers perfect, fertile; corolla narrowly tubular, the limb 4-5-toothed, the style-
branches elongated, truncate or obtuse at the sunmiit. .Vnthers obtuse and entireat the ba.se.
Achenes linear-oblong, angled or striate. Pappus of copious capillary soft smooth white
bristles, [.\ncient name of some groundsel.]
.\bout 12 species, natives of .-America and Australasia. The following is the oidy one known to
occur in North America.
GKMS ()2.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
473
l)y a
3
5
I. Erechtites hieracifolia
(lyjRaf. Fire-weed. Pilewort.
(Fig. 4028.)
Sciieiiii liiinuifolius I,. Sp. I'l. S66.
1 75,v
Eitcliltlcs hiriacifolia Raf. DC. Piddr.
6: 294. iS;7,
Annual, glabrous, or somewhat hir-
sute; stem striate, succulent, usaal'y
branched, i°-.S° high. Leaves th n,
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, den-
tate and often deeply incised, 2'-8'
long, the upper sessile or auriculate-
claspiug, mostly acni.iinate, the lower
•isually narrowed into petioles; heads
b''-\n" long, about 3" in diameter,
the involucre conspicuously swollen
at the base before flowering, its bracts
numerous, striate, green, with narrow
scarious margins; pappus brightwhite.
In woodlands, thickets and waste
placts, very .ibundant after fires, New-
foundland to Florida, \v •it to the North-
west Territory, Nebraska and Louisiana.
.\lso in Mexico and South America.
July-Sept.
93. MESADENIA Raf.; Loud. Card. Mag. 8: 247. 1832.
Tall perennial mostly glabrous herbs, with alternate petiolcd leaves and numerous,
rather small, corymbose, discoid heads of white, yellowish or pinkish flowers, all tubular and
perfect. Sap milky (at least in some species). Involucre cylindric or nearly so, its princi-
pal bracts ,s, in i series, equal, usually with a few short outer ones. Receptacle flat, not
chaffy, with a fleshy projection in the centre. Corollas with somewhat spreading 5-cleft limbs,
the lobes usually with a mid-nerve. Style-branches conic or obtuse at the apex. .Vchcnes
oblong, glabrous. I'appus of copious white scabrous bristles. [Greek, referring to the cen-
tral projection of the receptacle.]
.\bout 12 species, natives of North and Central .Vmerica. Besides the followitiK, 4 others occur
in the southern and southwestern parts of the Inited .States.
Leaves thin, reuiform or fan-shaped, lohed, or angulate-dentate.
Leaves green both sides, anKulatedentate. i. ^^. ) eiii/oiinis.
Leaves glaucous beneath, gnen above, angul.ite-lobed. 2. .1/. aliiplicifitUa.
Leaves thick, green both sides, ovate or oval, entire, or repand. 3. .1/. Iiihei osa.
I. Mesadenia reniformis (Muhl.)
Raf. Great Indian Plantain. Wild
Collard. (Fig. 4029.)
Cacalia reiii/'ormis Muhl.; Wilkl. ,Sp. I'l. 3:
1735. 180V
Afesadfiiia 1 eniforiiiis Raf. New FI.4: 79. 1836.
Glabrous; stem angled and grooved, 4*^-
lo'' high. Leaves thin, green both sides,
coarsely augulate-dentate with mucronate-
pointed teeth, the basal and lower reuiform,
long-petioled, sometimes 2^ wide, the upper
ovate or fan-shaped, mostly cuneate at the
base, the uppermost small and oblong;
heads numerous, mostly s-flowered, about
2" broad, in large compound corymbs; in-
volucre 3"-4" high, its bracts about 5, lin-
ear-oblong, obtuse or acutish, scarious-mar-
gined, with or without 1-3 minute outer
ones.
In woods, New Jersey and Pennsylvania
to Miiniesot.i. south to North Carolina and
Tennessee. July-Sept.
-T'
4:'4 COMl'OSlTAi;. [Vol,. III.
2. Mesadenia atriplicifolia ( L. ) Kaf. Pale Indian Plantain. (Fig. 4030. )
Caealia ah iflicil'otia I,. Sp. I'l. S^s. 175,5.
Senccio alrif>lici/i>lii(S Iloiik. I-'l. lior. Am.
.Trr.Kai/fiiin atn'/'lici/olia K;il'. Niw IH. 4:
79. KS36.
Stem terete, glahrous and glaucous,
a^-f)" high. I.eaves thin, augulatc-
lobed, glaucous beneath, the lower and
basal ones slender-petioled, sotnctitnes
6' wide, the upper reniforni, fan-shaped,
or triangular with a nearly truncate
base, the nnperniost commonly small,
lanceolate or oblong and entire; heads
very numerous, about i/i" broad, in
large loose compound corymbs; invo-
lucre 3"-4" high, its bracts about 5,
linear-oblong, scarious-margined, with
or without i-j minute outer ones.
In woods, wcslcrn Ontario to Minnesota,
south to I-'lorida, Missouri and Kansas.
Rare or absent near tlie coast. Called also
Wild Caraway. Jnly-Sipt.
Mesadenia tuberosa
(Nutt.) Britton
(Fig. 4031
Tnberous Indian Plantain.
OUii/ia tuberosa Nutt. Gen. 2: 138. 1S18.
^fesai/rnia plaiilaaiiiea Raf. New Fl. 4: 79.
1836.
Senccio N'ullallii Sch. Hip. I-'lora, 27: 499. 1845.
Glabrous and green throughout; stem angled,
stout, 2°-6'' high. Leaves thick, strongly 5-9-
ncrved, the lower and basal ones oval, ovate,
or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or acutish, usually
quite entire, but sometimes repand, long-peti-
olcd, narrowed at the base, or rarely subcordate,
4'-8' long, I '-3' wide; upper leaves ovate to
oblong or cuneate-obovate, sessile or short-pet-
ioled, much smaller, sometimes toothed toward
the apex; heads very numerous in a compound
corymb, about 2" broad, mostly 5-flo\vered;
involucre .,"-4" high, its bracts linear-oblong,
obtuse or obtusish, scarious-margined.
On wet prairies and in marshes, Ohio and west-
irn Ontario to Minnesota, south to .\labania, Louisi-
ana and .\rkaiisas. ]unc-Aug.
94. SYNOSMA Raf.; Loud. Gard. Mag. 8: 247. 1832.
A perennial leafy herb, glabrous or very nearly so, with triangular or hastate, alternate
leaves, the lower petioled, the upper sessile, and several or numerous, corymbose or corym-
bose-paniculate, discoid heads of white or pinkish flow-ers. Involucre nearly cylindric, its
principal bracts 12-15, linear, acute, usually with some subulate outer ones. Receptacle flat,
naked. I'lowers perfect; corolla 5-lobed. Style-branches not appendagcd. Pappus of very
numerous white soft capillary bristles. [Greek, perhaps signifying a fragrant composite.]
A monotypic genus of eastern North America.
liMNLS 91.
TIIISTLK FAMILY.
475
I. Synosma suaveolens (L.) Raf.
Swcct-scoiilLd Indian Plantain. (, Fig. 4032. )
Caiiilia siiaiwleiii I.. Sp. PI. "^.vS. i;3,i.
SeiiiYi'i' siiarenh-ns V.W. H(jt. S. C. iSiCa 2:,i2;<. i''2l-24.
Synosma iuavfolnis Kaf. : I.oiid. Ciiird. Mir. 8: -J47. 1H31,
(^latirous or very nearly so throughout; stem stri-
ate, x's^ hi^li, leafy to the inflorescence. Loaves
triangular lanceolate or hastate, sharply and irrcgii-
larly serrate, .icnminate, 4'-ic)' long, 2'-6' wide .it
the base, the auricles sometimes with I or 2 lobes
on the lower side; petioles margined, or those of
the basal leaves naked and slender; uppermost
leaves sometimes merely lanceolate and sessile;
heads 2"-}," broad in n usually large and compound
corymb; involucre 4"-6" high, its principal bracts
linear, acute; heads zo-jO-flowercd.
In woods, Connecticut and New Jersey to Illinois
und Minnesota, south to I'Uirida, West Virginia .and
Kentucky, Called also Wild Caraway. Aug.-Oct.
95. SENECIO I.. Sp. PI. 866. 1753.
Annual or perennial herbs 1 some tropical species shrubby or even arborescent), with
alternate or basal leaves, and solitary corymbose or paniculate many-flowered heads, of both
tubular and radiate, or only tubular flowers, in our species yellow. Involucre cyliuilric or
canipanulate, its principal bracts in i series, distinct, or united at the base, usually with some
shorter outer ones. Receptacle flat or slightly convex, mostly naked, often honeycombed.
Rays, when present, pistillate, fertile. Disk-flowers perfect, fertile, their corollas tubular,
the limb 5-tootlied or S-lobed. .Vnthers olituse and entire at the b.ise, or rarely slightly sag-
ittate. .Style- branches of the disk-flowers usually recurving or spreading. Achenes terete,
or those of the marginal flowers somewhat compressed, 5-10-ribbed, papillose or canescent,
at least after wetting, and then usually emitting a pair of spiral threads. I'appus of mimer-
i>ns slender or capillary, smooth or rough, mostly white bristles. [Latin, sriuw, an old man,
referring to the hoary character of some siiecies, or to the white pappus.]
.\n immense ffenus of probably at least iiii« species, of very wide geoKriipliio distribution. In
addition to the followiiii;, some ,so others occur in the southern and western parts of North .\merica.
I >iir species known as (iroundsel. Uajfwnrl, or S(|uaw-weed.
re- Heads conspicuously radiate (except in forms of Nos. 9, 10 and 15.1.
(a I Heads solilarj- or few, 6"-i2" high; northern species.
Stout; leaves 4'-S' long; lieiids i\i'-2' broad. i. S. P.wudo-Aniiia.
Low; liaves i'-2' long; heads '/-i' broad. 2. S./i iiiidiis.
I b) Heads several or lunnerous, corymbose, nio.stly smaller.
|- .\t least the lowest leaves entire or dentate, not piiinatifid ( or sometinii'S pinnalifid in No. 7 I.
I None of the leaves cordate.
Heads 5"-7" high; plants i 5*^ tall; northwestern species.
Involncral bracts acuminate; leaves mostly entire. t,.
llracts acute or obtuse, mostly hlack-tii)ped; leaves denticulate. 4.
Hea<ls3"-,s" high; plants 6' -30' tall.
Leaves and stems persistently more or less tonientose or woolly.
.\clienes glabroi;s. 5.
Aclienes liispidulons or glandular.
li.isal leaves long petioled, cretiate-dentate or sometimes pinnatifid; plants tall.
Basal leaves erenate-diutate; eastern. 6. S. toiiirnlosiis.
Stem leaves and often also the basal, pinnatifid; western. 7. -S". Plallcmii.
llasal leaves sliort-petiolcd, much tufted, oval, few-toothed, or entire; plant low,
S. S. anlfiinariifoliua.
Leaves glabrous or nearly so; stem often woolly, especially below,
liasal leaves obovate, spatnlate, or ov.al; achenes glabrous.
Hasal leaves obovate or suborbicular, creuate or dentate; involncral bracts 2"-2!.'"
long. 9. -S'. oboz'iitiis.
Hasal leaves ovate to oval; involncral bracts 3" -5" long. 10. S. di.uoidciis.
Basal leaves oblong; achenes hispidulous.
Heads few or several, 3"-}" high; basal leaves I '-3' long. 11. .S. /la/saiiii/ar.
Heads mnnerous, 2"-2'j higii; basal leaves 3' -6' long. 12. .S'. Sinallii.
Basal leaves linear-cuneate, entire or vtoothed at apex. 13. .S". foiiipac/iis.
i ; Basal leaves cordate or subcordate; plants mostly glabrous.
Basal Ifeaves lancecdate or oblong-lanceolate. 14. -S'. Rohbiiisii.
Basal leaves orbicidar or ovate-oval. i,S. S. aureus.
tt Leaves narrowly linear, entire, or with linear, entire lobes. 16. .S'. /)ougla:.ii.
ttt Leaves all pinnatifid or coarsely sinuate-dentate; plantsglabrous.orsomewhat woolly when young.
.S". intfifffi riiniis.
S. hit;fiis.
5. S. can IIS
heads 2" -3" high.
Leaves sinuate-dentate, lanceolate; heads 4" -,s" high.
Leaves pinnately divided; segments entire or dentate; li
Leaves 2-pinnatifid; heads 3" high; introduced S))ecies.
•;:- ■'/>• Heads discoid, the rays none, or minute.
Leaves pinnatifid: plants glabrous or puberulcnt; achenes canescent.
Heads 3" -4" high; involii
S. I^altisliis.
S. lohaliis.
S. facohaea.
alucre naked, or nearly so at the base.
20. .s', svlz'alii'us.
476
COMin)SITAH.
[Vof,. III.
llL-a(N (" 6" lii^fli; iiivipliicru with stvtr.il slioil diitir bnicts.
Leaves ijiiiiiatiful; plant viiiil pulicsicnt; aclieiu- Klatirous.
Ila-^al kavts ubuvatc, orbicular, (ir spatiilatf, iiicrily dtntale.
22. .S". :isciiiii.\,
VariclicH of Nos. o, ni
ami 15.
Sea-
I. Senecio Pseudo- Arnica Iass.
beach Seiifcio. ( Fig. 4u;,;v )
Aniha iiiaiiliiiiii I,. Sp. I'l. 8.S4. 175; Not .*>.
111(11 i/hii'is I,.
Sfiiccio l'inuli>Ai iiica Less. I.iiinaia, 6 2|o. i^^i.
I'crcmiial, soiiiewhat fleshy; stem stout, iimstly
simple, very leafy, 6'- v' Iiik''' Leaves ohloiiijol)-
ovate, or the lower spatulatc, acute or obtusf at the
apex, 4'-.S' loug, 'j'-i' wide, densely totueiitose
beneath, at least when younj,', re])ancl-dcntate or
denticulate, narrowed to a sessile ami partly clasp-
ing base, or the lowest into marniiied petioles;
heads solitary, or several (2-71 and corvmbose,
stout-peduncled, i '.'--•' broad, nearly 1' high; in-
volucre broadly campanulate, its l)racts lanceolate,
acuminate, mostly tomentose, conimoiily with sev-
eral subidate spreading ones at the base; rays u-
15, linear, •^•toothed, conspicuous; disk-corollas
5-lobed; achcnes glabrous; papjuis dull.
On sea beaclit'S and rocks mar the st-a, Maim-, New
Hrunswick and the Inwir St, I.awuiuH- to I.abiador
and tlic Arctic .Sea. .\ls,) in .Mask.i and noilluiii
Asia, July- Aug.
2. Senecio frigidus Less. Arctic Senecio.
(Fig. 4034.)
Seiieiio frigidus I.css. I.innaea, 6: 2,i9. i>,ii.
I'ereunial, more or less tomentose, or becoming
glabrous when old; stem slender, 6'-i2' high,
bearing a solitary head (rarely 2 or 3) ^'-i' broad.
Basal and lower leaves spatulate or obovate, i '-2'
long, petioled, obtuse, repand-dcntatc or entire;
stem-leaves oblong to linear-lanceolate, obtuse or
acute, sessile, mostly entire, smaller; involucre
broadly campanulate, its bracts lanceolate, acute,
with no exterior smaller ones; rays 10-16, 6"--io'''
long, 3-toothed, linear-oblong, or cuneate at the
base; achenes glabrous or sparingly pubescent;
pappus white.
Labrador and arctic America to Alaska, Also in
northeastern Asia. Summer.
3. Senecio integerrimus Xiitt.
ICntire-leaved Ciroiindsel. (Fig. 4035.)
Soit'cio inlegerri»iiis Niilt. (icn. 2: 165. i-^iS,
Perennial, more or less woolly when young,
glabrous or nearly so when old; stem stout,
i°-4° high. Leaves entire, or sparingly dentic-
ulate, somewhat fleshy, the lower and basal ones
oval or oblong, obtuse or obtusish at the apex,
3'-6' long, I'-i'/z' wide, petioled, the upper
linear or lanceolate, acute, the uppermost very
small; heads numerous, corymbose, long-pedun-
clcd, 6"~io" broad; involucre nearly cylindric,
^"-5" liigli. its principal bracts linear, acumi-
nate, green, usually with a few subulate outer
ones; rays 8-12, linear-oblong; achenes nearly
glabrous, pappus white.
Minnesota and Manitoba to Wyoming and Hritish
Columbia. June-July.
I'iKNI S <).v
TIIISTI,!' FAMIIA".
477
4. Senecio lugens Richards, IJlack-tipped Groundst;!. 1, Fig. 4036
.Si'iiriiii /(/;■'■"( Riiliiiiil--. Ap]). I'"raiikl. Ji)iirii. ICd.
Similar to the precccliiij; species, more or less
woolly wlicn yoiiiiKi soon j;liil)ro\is; stem stout,
1" .V lii^'li. Hasal and lower leaves oblong,
oval, or slivjlitly siiatulate, obtnsc or acute, deu-
ticuliitf <ir donlatc, 2'-,s' li'Uj;, ji'-l'/z' wide,
narrowed into niarjjined petioles; upper leaves
few, sessile, small ami bract-like; heads several
or numerous, corymbose, often short-pedun-
cled, 6"-ici" broad; involucre campauulate,
y y liiKh. its bracts lanceolate or oblong-
lanceolate, acute or obtuse, often with con-
spicuous black tips; rays 10-12, oblong-Hnenr;
achenes glabrous; pappus white.
In iiiiii-t -(.il, arctic Atuirica and the Northwest
'I'cnitdry tu Mitnicsota, Iowa and Nebraska, west to
'ila-'kaand Calilornia. June-AiiK-
5. Senecio canus Hook. vSilvery
Groiind.sel. (Fig. 4037.)
5, tiinu!. Hook. I'M. ]!or. Am. i: t,},},. pi. i it'i. iHjj.
I'ercnnial, densely and persistently white-
tomentose to the inflorescence; stems slemlcr,
usually tufted, 6'-i8' high. Hasal and lower
leaves spatulatc or oval, entire, or rarely some-
what repand, very obtuse, i'-2' long, nar-
rowed into petioles; upper leaves oblong or
spatulate.obtuse or acute, mostly sessile, smaller,
entire or dentate; heads seven.! or immerous,
.S"-io''' broad, usually slender-peduncled; in-
volucre campanulate, or at first short-cyliudric;
about $" high, its bracts linear- lanceolate, acute
sparingly tomentose, or glabrate, usually with
no exterior smaller ones; rays S-12; achenes
glabrous, at least below; pappus white.
In dry soil, Manitoba to Minnesota and Ne-
braska, west to liritisli Columbia and California.
May Auif.
6. Senecio tomentdsus Michx. Woolly Ragweed. Ashwort. (Fig. 4038.)
S. lunti-iiii'.u.s Michx. Kl. Hor. Am. 2: ii<). 1803.
I'ercnnial, more or less densely aud per-
sistently tomentose or wooUy-canescent; , ^
stems rather stout, solitary, or sometimes "'
tufted, K-2'2° high. Hasal and lower leaves
ovate-lanceolate, oblong or rarely spatu-
late, long-petioled, erect, very obtuse, 2'-6'
long, '■'-2' wide, crenate-dentate, narrowed
or truncate at the base; stem-leaves few
aud distant, small, linear-lanceolate or spatu-
late, crenate or rarely laciniate; heads
several or numerous, corymbose, mostly long-
peduncled, .s"-io" broad; involucre cylindric,
or narrowly campanulate, its bracts linear-lan-
ceolate, acute or acuminate, at length glabrate,
with or without a few small outer ones; rays
10-15; achenes hispidulous, at least on the
angles; pappus white.
In moist soil, southern New Jersey to Klorida,
west to Louisiana. April-June.
COMI'OSlTAi;,
[Vor,. III.
Prairie
7. Senecio Plattensis Xutt.
Ragwort. ( Kig. 4039. )
S. nallensh Nult, Trail!*. Am. I'liil. Sof. MI) 7. iij.
1S41,
I'ereniiial, similar to the preceding species, usu-
ally sinallcr-leiivcd, lower and less toinciitosc, i>r
beroiniii^; glHbrate in ane, scldotii over 1 'j" Inn''-
Hasnl leaves oval, ovate or ol)loii),', some or all of
them more or less piniiatifid, will) the terminal
segment much larger than the lateral ones, crenu-
late or dentate, long-pctioleil; heads sc\cral or
numerous, compactly or loosely corynihosc, con-
spicuously radiate.
Illinois to South Dakota, Nebraska and the Indian
Territory. April-June.
\>\1
'■>*•'■'■,»>,,
8. Senecio antennariifdlius Britton.
Cat's-paw Ragwort. (Fig. 4040.)
Perennial, tufted iu mostly large clumpf,; stems
slender, S'-i8' high, loosely white-woolly. Leaves
nearly all basal, commonly numerous, oval to
spatulate, augulatcly few-toothed or entire, mostly
obtuse, narrowed into a petiole as long as the blade
or longer, densely white-tomcntose beneath, green
and finally glabrous above, I'-iYz' long; stem-leaves
small, spatulate, laciniate, or the upper narrowly
linear and entire; heads several, corymbose, slen-
der-peduncled, rather less than i' broad; rays
golden-yellow, showy; involucre 3" high, white-
woolly; acl.eues glandular-pubescent.
White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, on a loose
slate hillside, T. F. Allen and N. L. Ilritton, Jlay i6,
1897; Blue Ridgf, Virginia, S. B. Buckley, 18^8.
Senecio obov^tus Muhl.
Roiiiid-leaf Sqiiaw-weed. (Fig. 4041.)
Srnecio oAoz'u/w.t JIulil.; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1999. I'^oj.
Senecio F.lliollii't. &. G. l''l. N. A. 2: 443. 1843.
5. aureus var. obitznilus T. & G. loc. cit. 442. 1843.
Perennial; stems commonly several from the
same root, glabrous, or a little woolly at the base,
9'-24' high. Leaves glabrous, rather thick, the
basal ones obovate with a cuneate base, or spatu-
late, very obtuse and rounded at the apex, i'-}'/i'
long, yi'-2' wide, creuate-dentatc, often purplish,
usually with short margined petioles, or the earli-
est sessile; stem-leaves commonly few and sessile,
spatulate to oblong, often incised or pianatifid, the
uppermost very small; heads several, corymbose,
6"-?i" broad, about 3" high, slender-peduncled;
involucre nearly cylindric, its principal bracts
linear-lanceolate, i"-'s" long, acute, usually with
1-3 small exterior ones; rays 8-12, usually con-
spicuous, achenes glabrous; pappus white.
In moist .soil and on banks, Nova Scotia to Florida,
west to Ontario, Michigan, Kentucky and Missouri.
April-June.
Senecio obovJitus elong&tus ( Fursh ) Britton.
Senecio elongalus Pursli, Fl. Am. Sept. 529. 1814.
Stem slender, weak; leaves, or some of them, with tufts of wool in their axils; heads few,
less or short-rayed, often longpeduncled. On moist shaded banks, eastern Pennsylvania.
ray-
Gl'.Nlsys]
THISTI,!-; FAMILY.
479
Senedo obovitui rotiindus Iliittiiii.
Hiisiil leaven orbicular, UnmiUy oviil, nr ovale (irbicuhir, riitlicr aliniptly iiarruwid into the peli-
iile, the liirKer J.'j'-.V broad. On wet banks, or rocks, Kentucky tn Missouri anil the Indian Territory.
Indi.iii
V
L
2
10. Senecio discdideus (Hook) Ikitton.
Northern vSquawwced. (Fig. 4042.)
Seiifdo aitteiia var. ttiutiiilfin Hook. I'l. Ilor. .\ni. i:
reretinial, glabrous except for small tufts of
wool in the axils of the lower leaves; stem rather
stout, i°-2° tall; basal leaves oval to ovate, obtuse,
thin, sharply dentate, abruptly narrowed into peti-
oles longer than the blade; stem-leaves few, small,
more or less laciniate; heads few or several, slen-
der-peduncled, corymbose; bracts of the involucre
narrowly linear, },"-$" long; rays very short, or
none; achenes glabrous.
In moist places, Michigan to the Northwest Territory,
June-Aug.
IX. Senecio BalsSmitae Miihl.
.sam (irotmdsel. (Fig. 4043.)
Seiieci,! tlalsamilaetiluM., Wilkl, Sp. PI. 1999. 1)504.
Senecio aureus var. /{a/suiiii/ae T. & G. Kl. N. A.
2:44-'. 1843-
Perennial, often tufted, stems slender, io'-2o'
high, woolly at the base and in the axils of the
lower leaves. Basal leaves sleuder-petioled,
oblong, rarely slightly spatulate, very obtuse,
narrowed at the base, mostly thick, crenate,
often purplish, i'-3' long, 3"-6" wide, their
petioles and sometimes their lower surfaces
persistently tonientose or woolly, or glabrous
throughout; lower stem-leaves petioled, laciin-
ate or pinnatifid, the upper sessile, very sniitll;
heads few or several, slender-pcduncled, 6"-i()"'
broad, s"-\" high; rays 8-12; achenes usually
hispidulous on the angles; pappus white.
In dry or rocky soil. Nova Scotia to North Caro-
lina, west t3 Washington, British Columbia, Texas and Nebraska. May-July.
12. Senecio Smallii Britton. Small'-s ^
Squaw-weed. (Fig. 4044.) !\^
S.auteiisvir. a nf^^us/i/oli 11 sMriiion, Mem.Torr. Club,
2:39. i'"^'^'- Hoi S. aiif^u.s/i/olii/sWiWd. 1804.
.v. 5h/(j///; Ilritton, Mem. Torr. Club, 4: 132. 1S93.
Similar to the precedin;; species but taller, grow-
ingin largeclumps. Stem i,I^°-2;j° high, slender,
densely and persistently floccose-woolly at the
base and in the lower axils, or finally glabrate;
basal leaves elongated-oblong or linear- oblong,
obtuse or acute, long-petioled, creuate-dentate,
y-6' long, 3''-9''' wide, at first tomentose, at length
nearly glabrous; stem-leaves several, deeply pin-
natifid, or the lower lyrate, " i» uppermost very
small; heads very numerous, 4'^-y broad, about
2/i'' high, slender-pedunclcd, fortung large cor-
ymbs; rays S-io; achenes hispidulous; pappus
white.
In meadows and thickets, mountains of Virginia
and North Carolina. M.iy-June.
4So
COMl'OSITAi:.
[Vor,. III.
13-
Senecio compactus (A. Gray) Rydberg.
Western Squaw-weed. (Fig. 4045.)
Senecio aureus var. eom/xir/iis \. Gray, Syn. I-'l. i: I'arl 2,
>li. S84.
Seiuritiaunjftac/iis Kyilbcrif, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 3)2. iSyj.
I'ereiinial; stem usually tufted, low, rather stout,
6'-i2' bigli, woolly at the I>asc and in the lower axils,
or j(lahrous. Hasal leaves linear-cuiieatc, entire or >-
toothed at the apc.x, i'-3' long, 2" -3" wide, thick,
slender-petioled, the petioles commonly woolly-mar-
gined; lowcrsteni-leavcs often much larger and broader,
usually laciniate or pinnatifid, but sometimes similar
to the basal, the uppermost very small and sessile;
heads several, S"-io" broad, short-pcduncled in a com-
pact corymb; rays 10-15; achenes hispidulous; pap-
pus white.
On dry plains, Nebraska and Colorado to Texas,
May-
June.
14. Senecio Robbinsii Oakes. Rob-
bins' Sf^uaw -weed. (Fig. 4046).
Seiieiid AV)i/i/«,v/; Oakes; Kiisby, Hull. Torr. Club,
20: 19. 1S93.
Perennial, glabrous or very nearly so through-
out; stems slender, l°-2}4° high. Hasal leaves
long-petioled, lanceolate, obtuse oracute at the
apex, cordate, subcordatc or truncate at the
ba,se, usually thin, 2'-4' long, '.'-iV wide,
sharply dentate; heads .several or numerous,
slender-peduncled in an open corymb, 8'''-lii"
broad; rays 6-12; achenes glabrous; pappus
white.
In swamps and mountain meadows, nortlicrn
New Ilanipsliire, Vermont and New York, and on
the summit oi Koan Mountain, N. C. Juiie-Sept.
15. Senecio aureus L. Golden
Ragwort. Life-root. Swamp Squaw-
weed. (F-ig. 4047.)
Seiitrio aureus I,. Sp. PI. S70. I75.i.
Perennial, glabrous or very nearly so
throughout; stems rather slender, solitary or
tufted, i°-2j^" high. Hasal leaves cordate-
ovate or cordate-orbicular or rcniform, cre-
nate-dentate, very obtust and rounded, often
purplish, i''-6' long, with long slender peti-
oles; lower stem-leaves lanceolate or oblong,
usually laciniate, pinnttifid or lyrate, the
uppermost small, sessile-, somewhat auricu-
late and clasping; heads several, 8"-io"
broad, 4"-5" high, slender-peduncled in
an open corymb; rays 8-12, golden-yellow;
achenes glabrous; pappus white.
In swamps and wet meadows, Newfoundland
to Florida, west to Ontario, Missouri and Texas.
Called also Grundy Swallow, Palse Valerian.
Root strong-scented. May-July.
Senecio aiiieus pauciflorus ( Pursh ) Kritton.
Senecio (>auciJiorus Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 529. 1814.
Glabrous or with a little wool in the axils of the lower leaves; stem rather stout, 6'-l2' high ; basal
leaves ovate to orbicular, about 'A' broad, cordate or subcordate at the base, crenatc; stem-leaves
few. pinnatifid; heads i-io, short-peduncled, rather large, apparently always rayless. Perhaps a
distinct species. Newfotnidland to the Canadian Rocky Mountains.
Gbnus 95.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
481
I'iirl 2,
M,i>-
i
Senecio aureus gracilis f Piirsh ) Krittuii.
Si'nerio^raii/i.s I'ursli, I-'l. Am. Sept. 529. 1814.
Stem slender, 1' -2" liiRli, the lowest axils soiue-
tiincs woolly. Basal leaves smaller than those of the
type, cordate or subcordate; heads numerous, rather
small; rays conspicuous, In wet soil, Rhode Island
to Michigan, South Dakota, Virginia and Missouri.
16. Senecio Douglasii DC. Douglas'
Senecio. (Fig. 4048.)
Senecio Doiii;lasii DC. Prodr. 6: 429. iS,^7.
Woody at the base, usually branched, some-
times shrubby, glabrous or toiiientose, leafy,
I°-6° liigh. Leaves .sessile, or the lowest peti-
oled, nio.stly thick, 1 '-3' long, pinnately parted
into 3-9 linear or fdiforni entire .segments, or the
upper, or sometimes all of them, linear and en-
tire; heads corymbose at the ends of the branches,
Yz'-l' broad, slenderpeduncled; involucre cyl-
indric or becoming campanulate, .("-6" high,
its bracts linear, acute or acuminate, usually
with some subulate exterior ones; rays 8-15;
achenes canescent; pappus bright white.
Plains, in dry soil, Nebraska to Te.xas and Mexico,
west to California. June-Sept.
Senecio palustris (L.) Hook. Marsh Fleawort. Pale Ragwort.
Marsh Groundsel. (Fig. 4049.)
Ciiiernn'ti palusli is L. Sp. PI. VA. 2, 24,^. 176,^.
Senecio paliislris Hook. I'l. lior. Am. i:,5,U- i^J.S-
Annual or bieiniial, pubescent or glabrate;
stem stout, simple, hollow, ()'-iY high. Leaves
lanceolate, oblong or spatulate, entire, dentate,
or laciniate, acute or obtuse, 2'--' long, y'-i-,"
wide, or the upper linear-lanceolate and small,
those of the stem sessile aiul somewhat auricu-
late-clasping, the basal petioled; heads numer-
ous, 6"-i2" broad, mo.stly short-peduncled in a
large, rather dense, terminal corymb; involucre
cylindric, becoming campanulate, 2<"-A" '''K''.
its bracts linear, acute, more or less pubescent,
with no shorter outer ones; rays 15-20, pale-yel-
low; achenes glabrous; pappus white, elongated,
at length twice the length of the involucre.
In swamps, Iowa and Wisconsin to Manitoba and
arctic America, wes-t to .Maska. Reported from
Labrador. .Mso in Greenland, northern ICurope
and .\sia. ]uue-.\ng.
Butterweed.
(Fig. 4050.)
iSo^, Not I,, l-^^■
1S07.
18. Senecio lobatus Pcrs.
Cre.ss-leavcd Ground.sel.
."). /r/n/K.v Jlichx.Kl.Hor.Am.2: 120.
Seiiecto lobalus Pers. Syn. 2: 4,^6.
.Vnnual, glabrous throughout, or slightly woolly
when young, flesliy and tender; stem hollow, sim-
ple or branched, l°-3" high. Leaves 2'-lo' long,
pinnately divided, the segments orbicular, oblong,
obovate or cuneate, obtuse,sinuate dentate, entire or
lobed, the terminal segment usually larger than the
others; lower and basal leaves slender-petioled;
heads numerous, ""-lo" broad, sleinler-peduncled
in terminal corymbs; involucre nearly cylindric,
2/4" liigh, its bracts linear, acute, usually with no
small outer ones; rays 6-12; achenes tninutely his-
pidulous on some of the angles; pappus white,
somewhat longer than the involucre.
In swamps, Missouri and southern Illinois to North
Carolina, New Mexico, Mexico and Florida. April-
Sept. 3t
482
COMPOSITAE.
[Vol.. III.
Senecio Jacobaea I,.
id
i4('
Tansy Ragwort. Staggerwort. (Fig. 4051.)
Senecio Jacobaea L. Sp. I'l. S70. 1753.
Perennial by short thick rootstocks, some-
what woolly, or glabrous; stems stout, simple, or
branched above, 2°-4° liiKh, very leafy. Leaves
2-pinnatiful, 2'-8' long, the lower petioled, the
upper sessile, the lobes oblong-cuneate, den-
tate or ii'.cised; heads very numerous, 6"-8"
broad, short-peduncled in large compact corymb;
involucre narrowly conipanulate, about 2}i"
high, its bracts linear-lanceolate, acute, green, or
tipped with black, usually with a few subulate
outer ones; rays 12-15; achenes of the disk-
flowers pubescent, those of the rays glabrous;
pappus white.
In waste places, Nova Scotia, Ni-w Kninswick
ami t)ntariu. and in ballast about New York and
Philadelphia. Adventive fmni Kuriipe. Called also
.Staverwort, Cankerwecd, Keltle-dock, St. James-
wort, Pelun-weed, I'airies' Horse, KaKweed. July-
.Sepl.
Senecio sylvaticus L. Wood
Groiuulsel. (Fig. 4052.)
Seitecio sylialiais I,. Sp. I'l. 868. 175.5.
Annual, glabrous or puberulent; stem usually
much branclied, i°-2!<° high, leafy. Leaves
pinnatilid, oblong or lanceolate in outline, the
segments oblong or spatulate, obtuse, dentate,
lobed or entire, or the uppermost leaves linear
and merely dentate; heads several or numerous
in the corymbs, slender-peduncled, about 2"
Droad, 3"-4" high; involucre usually quite -^^2iJVj^^i/!',V'j
naked and swollen at the base; rays none, or
very short and recurved; achenes canescent;
pappus white.
In waste places, Nova Scotia and Prince Kdward
island. Also on the coasts of California and liritish
Columbia. Naturalized or adventive from Kurope.
April-Sept.
^^^'m
j-<-
Senecio vulgaris L,. Common
Groinulsel. (Fig. 4053.)
Scneiio tulgaiis L. Sp. I'l. S67. 1753.
.Annual, puljerulent or glabrate; stem hollow,
usually much branched, b'-is' high. Leaves
pinnatifid, 2'-6' long, the lower spatulate in
outline, petioled, obtuse, the upper sessile or
cla.sping at the base, more deeply lobed or in-
cised, their segments oblong, dentate; heads
several or numerous in the corymbs, nearly 3"
broad, 4"-6" liigh; bracts of the involucre linear,
often blackish-tipped, almost always with a few
subulate outer ones; rays none; achenes slightly
canescent; pappus white.
In cultivated ground and waste places, New-
foundland and Hudson Bay to Virginia, west to
Minnesota and Michigan. .Mso on the Pacific
Coast Naturalized from Kurope. Other names
are Grinsel, Simson, Birdseed, Cliickenwced.
April-Oct.
Genus 95.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
22. Senecio viscosus L. Fetid or Viscous
Groundsel. (Fig. 4054.)
Sen f do viscosus L. Sp. PI. 868. 1753.
Annual, viscid-pubescent, .strong-.scented; stem usually
much branched, i°-2° high. Leaves 1-2-piiinatifid, i '2'-
3' long, oblong or somewhat spatulate in outline, the seg-
ments oblong or cuneate, dentate or incised; lower leaves
petioled; heads few in the corymbs, ;," 4" broad, mostly
slender-peduncled; involucre nearly cj-lindric, 4"-5"
high, its bracts linear, acute, usually with 1-3 shorter
outer ones; raj.s commonly about 20, very short, recurved
and inconspicuous; achenes glabrous; pappus bright
white, about one-third longer than the involucre.
In waste places and on ballast near the coast, New Hruns-
wick to North Carolina. July-Sept.
96. ARCTIUM L. Sp. PI. 816. 1753.
Large coarse branching, rough or canescent, ino.stly biennial herbs, with broad alternate
petioled leaves, and rather large heads of purple or white perfect tubular flowers, racemose,
corymbose or paniculate at the ends of the brandies. Involucre snbglobose, its bracts rigid,
lanceolate, tipped with spreading or erect hooked bristles, imbricated in many series. Recep-
tacle flat, densely bristly. Corollas tubular with 5-cleft limbs. ■ Filaments glabrous. Anthers
sagittate at the base. Achenes oblong, somewhat compressed and 3-angle(l, ribbed, truncate.
Pappus of numerous short serrulate scales. [Greek, bear, from the rough involucre.]
About 6 species, natives of luirope and .\sia.
Bracts densely cottony; heads cnrynibose. i. .(. fomciilosioii.
Bracts of the involucre glabrous, or slightly woolly.
Involucre I ' broad or more; inner bracts cciualling or i-xceediiig the flowers. 2. A. Lappa.
Involucre 6" -9" broad; inner bracts not e.xceediiig the flowers. j. A. minus.
I. Arctium tomentosum (Latn.) Schk.
Woolly or Cottony Burdock. (Fig. 4055.)
Lappa loim'niosn I,aiii. I'.iicycl. i: 377. 1783.
A>rtiii»i foviDiliisiim Sclik. liot. Ilaiidb. 3; 49. 1803.
Arr/iniii Lappa var. lonienlosuvt K. Gray, Syn. Fl. i:
I'art 2, 397. 1884.
Similar to the following species. Heads 8"-
10" broad, corymbose at the ends of the branches,
nio.stly long-peduncled; bracts of the involucre
den.sely cottony, tlie inner ones erect and somewhat
shorter than the flowers.
In waste places, ^'vw Brunswick to Massachusetts
and soutlu-rii New ^ irk. .Xdveiilivc from Europe.
July-AuR.
2. Arctium Lappa L. Great Bur, Bttrdock,
or Clotbur. (Fig. 4056.)
Arctium Lappa L. Sp. PI. 816. 1753.
Lappa wnyor Gaertn. Fruct. & Sem. 2: 379. pi. 162. 1802,
Stem much branched, 4°-9° high. Leaves thin,
broadly ovate, pale and tomeutose canescent beneath,
obtuse, entire, repand or dentate, mostly cordate, the
lower often iS' long; petioles solid, deeply furrowed ;
heads clustered or subcorymbose, sometimes long-pe-
duncled, \'-\y^' broad; bracts of the involucre gla-
brous or nearly so, their spines all spreading, the inner
ones equalling or exceeding the flowers; corolla-tube
longer than the limb.
484
COMPOSITAE.
[Vol,, in.
In waste places, New Uninswick and Ontario to f outlicin New York, and locally in the interior.
Not nearly as common as the next species in the Middle Slates. Naturalized from liuropc. Other
names are Cockle-bur, Cockle-button, Cuckold dock. Hurr bur, Slick-button, Harduck, Bardane,
Beggar's Buttons. July- Oct.
3. Arctium minus Schk. Comtiion
Burdock. (Fig. 4057.)
Arcliiiiii iiiiiiiis Schk. Bot. Handb. 3: 49. 1S03.
I.apfa minor DC. I'l. Fran. 4: 77. 1805.
Aiclium Lappa var. minus A. Gray, Syn. Fl. 1: Part
2, 397. 1S84.
Smaller than the preceding species, seldom over
5° high. Leaves similar, the lower deeply cordate;
petioles hollow, not deeply furrowed; heads num-
erous, racemose on the branches, sliort-peduncled
or sessile, 6"-9" broad; bracts of the involucre
glabrous or slightly cottony; the .spines of the outer
ones .spreading, those of the inner erect and shorter
than the flowers; corolla-tube about as long as the
limb.
In waste places, common throughout our area.
Naturalized from liurope. Called <ilso Cuckoo Button.
Leaves rarely laciniate or pinnatifid. ]uly-Nov.
97. CARDUUS L. Sp. PI. S20. 1753.
Ivrect, branching or simple, pricklv herbs, some species acaulescent, with alternate or
basal, sinuate-dentate lobed or pinnatifid, usually very spiny leaves, sometimes decurrent, and
large many-flowered, .solitary or clustered, discoid heads of purple, yellow or white, tubular,
perfect and fertile, or rarely dioecious flowers. Involucre ovoid or globose, its bracts prickle-
tipped or unarmed, imbricated in many series. Receptacle flat or convex, bristly. Corolla-
tube .slender, the limb deeply 5-cleft. filaments pilo.se, or rarely glabrous. Anthers sagit-
tate at the base. Style-branches short or elongated, obtuse. Aclienes obovate or oblong,
cotnpr.'ssed or obtusely 4-angled, gl, 'irons, smooth or ribbed. Pappus of several series of
slender, ulumose, miimtely serrulate, or simple bristles, connate at the base. [The ancient
Latin name of these plants.]
About 250 species, widely distributed in the northern hemisphere. Besides the following, some
35 others occur in the southern and western parts of North America.
-A- Pappus-bristles, at least those of the inner flowers, plumose. (Plumed Thistles.)
t Outer involucral bracts, or all of tlieni, strongly prickly-pointed.
I. Leaves glabrous or hispid above, tomentose beneath.
All the bracts of the involucre tipped with prickles; naturalized weed. i.
Outer bracts prickle-tipped, the inner merely acuminate; native species.
Branches leafy up to the heads; involucral bracts firm or rigid.
Leaves undivided, lobed or dentate, rarely pinnatifid. 2.
Leaves deeply pinn.itifid into lanceolate or linear segments. 3.
Heads naked-peduncled. i' high; involucral bracts thin. 4.
2. Leaves tomentose on both sides, or becoming glabrous above; western.
Leaves pinnately parted; segments linear, entire or lobed. 5. C. Pilcheri.
Leaves pinnatifid into triangular or lanceolate dentate segments.
Outer bracts with spines less than oiie-lialf their length.
Leaf-lobes triangular; flowers pink or purjile. 6. C. uudulalus.
Leaf-lobes linear-lanceolate to oblong; flowers cream-color. 7.
Outer bracts with spines of nearly or quite their length.
Leaves entire or undulate; outer pappus-bristles barbellate.
3. Leaves green both sides, somewhat pubescent beneath
Leaf- lobes acute; bracts of the involucre faintly nerved. 10
Leaf-lobes blunt; bracts with prominent glutinous midnerve. 11
t t Br,icts of the involucre not at all prickly-pointed, or scarcely .so.
Heads large, few, i'-4' broad; flowers all perfect and fertile.
Heads invoUicrate by the upper very spiny leaves ; flowers usually yellow. 1 2. C. spinosissimiis,
Heads peduncled, naked, or with i or 2 bracts at the base; flowers purple. i„ C. niuticus.
Heads small, numerous, i' or less broad; flowers imperfect, dioecious. 14. C. arvensis.
¥: % Pappus-bristles simple, or minutely serrulate. (Plumeless Thistles.)
Head solitary, nodding; bracts of the involucre lanceolate. 15. C. nulans.
Heads clustered, erect or ascending; bracts linear. 16. C. crispus.
C. lanceolaltis.
C. allissinius.
C. discolor.
C. Virginianiis.
C. Plalleusis.
8. C. ochrocentriis.
9. C. Aebraskensis.
C. odoralus.
C. Hillii.
[Vol,, III.
lie interior,
ope. OUier
k, Bardaiie,
ainmon
18.13.
11. Fl. i: Part
seldom over
;ply cordate;
heads nutn-
rt-peduucled
he involucre
s of the outer
:t and shorter
IS long as the
out our area.
:uckoo BuUon.
ulv-Nov.
h alternate or
decurrent, and
white, tubular,
bracts prickle-
istly. Corolla-
Anthers sagit-
vate or oblong,
jveral series of
[The ancient
following, some
histlcB.)
I.
C. laiueola/us.
C. allissiiniis.
C. discolor.
C. Virginia""^-
stern.
C. Pilcheri.
C. undulalus.
C. Plailensis.
C. ochrocentnis.
C. jXebraskeiisis.
C. odoialus.
. C. Hitlii.
' so.
C. spinosissinius.
C. miilicus.
C. aivensis.
istlea.)
5. C. nutans.
6. C. aispus.
Geni-s 97.]
THISTLE FAMILY,
I. Carduus lanceoldtus L. Common
Bur or Spear Thistle. (Fig. 405S.)
Carduus lanccolatus I,. Sp. PI. ^21. 1753.
Cirsium lanceolalimi Scop. Fl. Cam. Kd. 2, 2: 130. 1772.
Cnicus lanceolaliis WilUl. Prodr. Fl. Herol. 259. I7^'7.
Biennial; stem stout, branched, more or less
tomento.se, 3°-5° high, leafy to the heads. Leaves
dark green, lanceolate, acuminate, deeply pinnatiful,
3'-6'' long, or the lowest larger, decurrent on the
stem and branches, the lobes triangular-lanceolate,
tipped with stout prickles, the margins and decur-
rent bases bristly, the upper surface strigose-pubes-
cent or hispid, the lower brown-tomentose and mid-
nerve pilose especially when young; heads mostly
.solitary at the ends of the branches, i '^'-2' broad,
i^^'-a' high; bracts of the involucre cottony, nar-
rowly lanceolate, acuminate, all tipped with slen-
der erect or ascending prickles; flowers dark purple.
In fields and waste places, Newfoundland to C.eorffia,
west to Minnesota, Nebraska and Jli.ssouri. Natural-
ized from Kurope. Native also of .\sia. Other names
are Plume, Bank, or Horse Thistle, Bell, Bird, Blue, Button, Bull or Roadside Thistle. July-Nov.
2. Carduus altissimus L. Tall or Roadside Thistle. (Fig. 4059.)
Carduus allisshnus I,. Sp. PI. 824. 1753.
Cnicus allissiinus Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1671." 1804.
Cirsium allissimum Spreng, Syst. 3: 373. 1826.
Biennial or perennial; roots often thickened;
stem pubescent, or tomentose, stout, branched,
leafy to the heads, 3°-lo° high. Leaves ovate-
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, sessile, or slightly
clasping,sparingly pubescent above, densely whitc-
tonientose beneath, .scarcely or not at all decurrent,
acute, spinulose-niargined, entire, dentate with
bristle- pointed teeth or lobed, sometimes pinnati-
fid into oblong or triangular-lanceolate segments,
the lowest .sometimes S' long, narrowed into mar-
gined petioles, the uppermost linear or lanceolate,
much smaller; heads about 2' broad, i}i'-l' high,
mostly solitary at the ends of the branches; outer
bracts of the involucre ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
firm, with a dark, slightly glandular spot at the
apex, tipped with short prickles, the inner linear-
lanceolate, acuminate, unarmed; flowers light
purple.
In fields and thickets, Massaclui'Jclts to Minnesota,
Florida, Nebraska and Texas. .Xng. -Sept.
3.
Carduus discolor (Miihl.) Xutt.
Field Thistle. (Fig. 4060.)
1S04.
Cnicus discolor MnM.; Willd. Sp. PI. 3: 1670.
C"(J'(/«tt,r rf'V('/i);- Nutt. ('.en. 3: 130. 181S.
Cirsium discolor i'lpreng. Syst. 3: 373. 1S26.
Cnicus allissimus var. discolor k. Gray, Proc. .\n\.
Acad. 19: 57. 1883.
Similar to the preceding species, but lower and
more leafy, seldom over 7° high. Leaves deeply
pinnatifld into linear, linear-lanceolate, or falcate,
pricl. ly toothed segments, white tomentose beneath,
sessile, the basal ones sometimes 12' long; heads
J ^'-2' broad, about I'A' bigbi usually iiivolncrate
by the tipper leaves, mostly solitary at the ends of
the branches; outer bracts of the involucre coria-
ceous, ovate, slightly woolly, tipped with slender
bristles, which are longer than those of the preced-
ing species; inner bracts lanceolate, acuminate, un-
armed; flowers light purple or pink, rarely white.
In fields and along roadsides, Quebec and Ontario to
Georgia, Minnesota, Nebraskaand Missouri. July-Nov.
~f^
486
COMl'OSITAI-;.
[Vol.. III.
4. Carduus Virgini^nus I^. Virginia
Thistle. (Fig. 4061.)
Cniiiuiis Viii;i)iianns h. Sp. I'l. 82). 175,^
Ciisiiiin I'iigiiiianuin Miclix. I'l. Bor. Am. 2: 90.
Cniciis I 'hxiuiaiins I'ursli, I'l, .\tii. .Sept, 5116. 1H14.
liiemiial; stent slender, naked or scaly above,
pubescent or somewhat tonientose, simple or
branclieil, 2°-3,'2 " liij;li. I^eaves oblong, oblong-
lanceolate, or the lowest slightly spatnlate, ses-
sile, or somewhat clasping, not decnrrent, acute
or acutish, spinulose-margined, entire, lobed or
pinnalifid into triangular-lanceolate lobe.s, the
lower sometimes ,S' long and 2' wide, narrowed
into margined petioles, all pube.scent or glabrate
above, and densely white-tomento.se beneath;
heads long-pedunoled, I'-iJ-^' broad, about l'
high ; outer bracts of the involucre not coriaceous,
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, tipped with weak
short bristles, the inner ones very narrow and
merely acuminate; flowers purple.
In dry woods and thickets, Virginia to Kentucky,
Ohio, Florida and Te.xas. April-Sept.
5. Carduus Pitched (Torr.) Porter. Pitcher's Thistle.
Cniciis Pilrlieii Torr.; Iviton. Man. ICd. ,5, i8n. 1S29.
Ci'sium Pilchi'ii T. & G. Kl. N. A. 2; 156. 1843.
Carduus Pilcheri I'ortcr, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 345. 1S94.
Kiennial, persistently white-tomentose throughout;
stem stout, leafy up to the heads, usually branched,
i°-2" high. Leaves sessile, partly clasping, or
slightly decurrent, pinnately divided into narrowly
linear, entire lobed or pinnatifid, acute sparingly
prickly segments 2"-}," wide, v.ith revolute mar-
gins; basal leaves often 12' long; heads .solitary or
several and raceniose-spicate at the ends of the
branches, about l//^' broad; outer bracts of the in-
volucre ovate-lanceolate, sparingly pubescent and
tomentose-ciliate, glutinous on the back, tipped
with short spreading bristles, the inner narrowly
lanceolate, acuminate or sometimes tipped witli
weak prickles; flowers cream color.
Shorts of Lakes MicliiKan, Huron and .Superior.
Junc-Aug.
(Fig. 4062,)
6. Carduus undul^tus Nutt. Wavy-
leaved Thistle. (Fig. 4063.)
Carduus inidti/a/its Nutt. Gen. 2: 131). 1818.
Cniciis iindii/a/us A. Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 10:42. 1S74.
Hiennial, persistently and densely white-tomen-
tose throughout, or the upper surfaces of the leaves
at length green and glabrous; stem stout, leafy, usu-
ally branched, I°-3° high. Leaves lanceolate or
oblong-lanceolate in outline, acute, sessile or decur-
rent, or the lowest petioled, undulate, lobed or pin-
nalifid, the lobes dentate, triangidar, often very
prickly; basal leaves often S' long; heads about 2'
broad, and nearly as high, solitary at the ends of
the branches; outer bracts of the involucre ovate
or ovate- lanceolate, firm, glutinous on the back,
tipped with short .spreading prickles, the inner
ones lanceolate, acuminate; flowers purple or pink.
On plains and prairies, Lake Huron to the Northwest
Territory and British Columbia, south to Kansas, New
Mexico and OrcKon. June-Sept.
Carduus unduUtus megacephalus (A. Gray) Porter, Mem. Torr. Club, 5: 345.
CnicHS vndutalns var. niejraci'p/ia/us \. Gray, Proc, Am. Acad. 10: 42. i8j'4.
Heads larger than in the type, 2' -3' broad. Minnesota to Idaho and Arizona.
1894
•Gknl'S 97.]
THISTLE FAMILY.
487
7. Carduus Plattensis Rydberg.
Prairie Thistle. (Fig. 4064. )
Caiiiiiiis JVallensis Kjdbcrjf, Conlr. Xal. Herb.
3: 167. />/. .'. 1.S95.
rereniiial or biennial, the root thick and deep.
Stem stout, simple, or little branched, iyi°-2'z°
tall, densely white-felted. Leaves deeplj' pin-
natifid, white-totnentose beneath, Kfcen, loosely
tomentose, or glabrate above, the lower ^'-~'
long, the lobes lanceolate to oblong, acute,
prickly tipped and margined; upper leaves small-
er and less diviiled; heads few, about 2' high and
broad; outer bracts of the involucre lanceolate
to ovate-lanceolate, firm, dark, tipped witl; a
short weak spreading prickle, the inner linear-
lanceolate, unarmed, tipped with a scarious re-
flexed erose appendage; corolla yellow, its lobes
linear; pappus of outer flowers merely barbel-
late.
Saml hills, Nebraska and Soiitli Dakota. May-
July.
8. Carduus ochrocentrus (A. Gray) Greene. Yellow-spined Thistle.
Gray, Mem. .Am.
I'roc. Am. .Acad.
(Fig. 4065.)
Cirsium nclnocenlnim A.
Acad. I; 110. 1849.
Cniciis oclirocenlriis A. Gray,
19: 57- iSS.-?-
Cardiiusocliioit'ittiHS Grctne, I'roc. Phil. Acad.
1892: 336. 1S93.
Sinnlar to Carduus iindulalu.';, but com-
monly taller and more leafy, often 6° high,
equally white-tomentose. Leaves oblong-
lanceolate in outline, usually very deeply
pinnatifid into triangular-lanceolate, serrate
or entire segments, armed with numerous
long yellow prickles; lower leaves often 6'-8'
long; heads about 2' broad, lYi'-i' high,
solitary at the ends of the branches; outer
bracts of the involucre lanceolate; tipped
with stout yellow prickles of nearly or quite
their own length, the inner narrowly lanceo-
late, long-acuminate; flowers purple (rarely
white?).
On plains, Nebraska to Te.xas, Nevada and
Arizona. May-Sept.
9. Carduus Nebraskensis Britton.
Nebraska Thistle. (Fig. 4066.)
Stem densely white- woolly, apparently over 1°
high. Leaves linear-oblong to lanceolate, white-
woolly beneath, green and sparingly loosely woolly
above, irregularly slightly toothed or entire, the
upper 3'-6' long, ^,i'-\' wide, the margins prickly;
heads solitary, or few, short-peduncled, about lYz'
high; outer bracts of the involucre lanceolate,
prickle-tipped, the inner narrower with a reflexed
acute scariou- ippendage; pappus- bristles of inner
of the outer barbellate.
flowers plume
Scott's Blul.
no. 1891).
western Nebraska ( P. A. Rydberg, No.
[Vor,. Ill,
Fragrant Thistle.
■Ji !.
345-
488 COMPOSITAE.
10. Carduus odoratus (Muhl.) Porter. Pasture Thistle.
(Fig. 4^67.)
Cniiiis oiioialiis Mulil. Cat. 711. 1S13.
Cat dims puiiiilii.i Niitt. (".en. 2: 130. 181S.
Cniiiis fi II in 1/ II s Tovr. CuiniJciul. 2S2. iHafi.
Caiiiiiiis odoialiis PcirtLr, Mem. Torr. Club, 5:
Biennial, more or less villous-pubescent; stem
stout, simple or branched, leafy, 1°-,^° high. Roots
thick, branched, solid; stem-leaves green both
sides, sessile and clasping, oblong or oblong-lan-
ceolate in outline, acute, 3'-7' long, i'-2' wide,
,/ pinnatifid into triangular acute dentate prickly
lobes; liasal leaves petioled; heads solitary, termi-
nal, 2'-Ty' broad, about 2' high, often involucrate
by the upper leaves; outer bracts lanceolate or
ovate-lanceolate, with a slight glutinous strip on
the back, glabrous or sparingly tomentose, tipped
with slender prickles, the inner narrow, long-acum-
inate; flowers purple, rarely white, fragrant; tips
of the pappus-bristles usually spatulate.
In fields, Maine to Pennsylvania and Delaware,
July-Sipt.
II. Carduus Hillii (Caiibv) Porter.
Hill's Thistle. (Fig. 406S.)
Cnhiis Hillii Canby, Card. vV Kor. 4; loi. 1S91.
Caniiius IliUii Porter, Mtin. Torr. Club, 5; 34.(.
1S94.
Biennial ? low, villous-pubescent or somewhat
woolly; stem leafy, simple or branched, 1^-2°
high. Root perp.Midicular, fusiform, slender
and hollow above, enlarged below, 8'- 1 2' long;
leaves green both sides, mostly obtuse, lobed or
pinnatifid, tin lobes mostly broad and rounded,
dentate, spinulose or with some rather stout
prickles, the upper oblong, sessile and clasping,
the lower spatulate- oblong, narrowed at the
base or the lowest ones petioied and 6'-S' long;
heads 2'-^' broad, about 2' high; outer bracts
of the involucre ovate-lanceolate, tipped with
short bristles, conspicuously glutinous on the
back, the inner narrowly lanceolate, long-acu-
minate; flowers purple; pappu-s-bristles slender-
pointed or some of them slightly spatulate.
In fields, western Ontario to Minnesota, south to Pennsylvania, Illinois and Iowa.
Carduus
12.
spinosissimus
June-July.
Walt.
Yellow Thi.stle. (Fig. 4069.)
Carduus spinosissiiuus Walt. P'l. Car. 194. 17S8.
Ciisium horriduluin Miclix. I'"l. Hor. Am. 2: 90. 1803.
Ciiiciis liorridiilus Pursli, Fl. \m. Sept. 507. 1814.
Biennial or perennial, somewhat woolly when young,
Ijut becoming glabrate; stem branched, leafy, 2^-5°
high. Leaves green both sides, lanceolate or oblong
in outline, sessile and clasping or the basal ones short-
petioled and somewhat spatulate, pinnatifid into tri-
angular or broader.spinulose-margined and prickle-tip-
ped, entire or dentate lobes; heads involucrate by the
upper leaves, 2^-4' broad, I l4'-'i\i' high; bracts of the
involucre narrowly lanceolate, roughish and ciliate,
long-acuminate, unarmed; flowers pale j'ellow, yel-
lowish, or occasionally purple.
In moist or dry sandy soil, Maine to Pennsylvania,
Florida and Texas, .-abundant along the edges of .salt-
meadows in New York and New Jersey. May- Aug., or
earlier in the South.
Gkni;S97-]
THISTLE FAMILY.
489
13. Carduus muticus (Michx.) Pers. Swamp Thistle. (Fig. 4070.)
New Jersey to
14.
Chsium iitKticutn Michx. Kl. Bor. Am. 2: 89. 1803.
Carduus muliciix IVrs. Syn. 2: ,^S6. 1807.
Cniciis niiilicus I'lirsli, Fl. Am. Sept. 506. 1814.
liienninl; stem woolly or villous when
young, becoming glabrate, slender, rtriate,
leafy, pauirulately branched above, 3°-8'^ high.
Leaves densely white tonientose beneath when
young, sometimes becoming glabrous on both
sides, deeply pinnatifid into lanceolate or ob-
long, entire, lobed or <lentatc, .spiny segments
usually tippetlwilhslender prickles; basal leaves
petioled, 4''-S' long, those of the stem .sessile
and smaller; heads about i'^' broad and high,
solitary, terminal, naked-iieduncled, or with a
few small bract-like leaves near the base; outer
bracts viscid, appressed, more or less cottony,
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, the inner linear-lance-
olate, acute, all unarmed; flowers purple.
In swamps and moist soil, Newfoundland to
Florida, NortliwcstTerritory and Texas. July-Ocl.
Carduus muticus subpinnatifidus nritton.
Leavi's lobed, not deeply pinn.itind, Rrtcn, and nearly glabrous on both sides.
West VirKinia.
Carduus arvensis (L.) Rob.s. Canada Thistle. Creeping Thistle.
(Fig. 4071.)
Serratula arzensis L. Sp. PI. S20. 1753.
Cirsium n/rr/iJf Scop. Kl. Cam. Ivd. 2, 2: 126. 1772.
Carduus arvensis V.iih^. lirit. Kl. 163. 1777.
Ciiicns arzensis HotTm. Deutsch. Kl. Kd. 2, 1: Part 2,
130. 1804.
Perennial by horizontal root.stocks, fomiing
patches, nearly glabrons; stems striate, i°-3° high,
branched above. Leaves sessile and slightly clasp-
ing, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, deeply pin-
natifid into very prickly, lobed or dentate segments;
basal leaves sometimes petioled, s'-S' long; heads
numerous, corymbose, dioecious, 1' broad or less,
nearly i' high, purple or white, staminate heads
globose, corollas projecting; pistillate heads ob-
long-canipanulate, corollas shorter, the long pap-
pus conspicuous; outer bracts ovate or ovate-lan-
ceolate, appressed, tipped with short prickly
points, inner bracts of the pistillate heads linear,
elongated.
In fields and waste places, Newfoundland to Virginia,
Minnesota and Nebraska. In many places a pernicious
Called also Way
June-Hept.
15. Carduus nutans I,. Musk Thistle.
Plumeless Thistle. (Fig. 4072.)
Carduus nutans L. Sp. PI. 821. 1753.
lUennial, branched, sparingly tonientose, 2°-3°
high. Leaves lanceolate in outline, deeply pinnat-
ifid, acuminate, 3'-6' long, the lobes triangular,
very prickly; heads long-peduncled, solitary at the
end of the stem or branches, i^'-2>^' broad, nod-
ding, purple, rarely white, fragrant; bracts of the
involucre in many series, lanceolate, long acumi-
nate, the prominent mid-nerve prolonged into a
prickle, or the inner nerveless and awned; pappus-
bristles io"-i' long, white, very minutely barbed.
In waste places, Pennsylvania and New Jersey to
New Brunswick, and in ballast about the sea ports.
Naturalized or adventive from Kurope. Native also
of Asia. Bank or Buck Thistle, yueen Ann's Thistle.
July-Oct.
weed. Naturalized from Kurope
or Cursed Thistle, Corn or Hard Thistle
490
COMI'OSITAK
16
[Vol,. III.
Carduus crispus L. Curled Thistle.
VVeltc'd Thistle. (Kig. 4073.)
Caidiiiis (I i\f>us I.. Sp. IM. $2\. 175,).
Hietiiiinl, somewhat toineiitose; stem iinieh
branched, densely prickly, 2° 4° 111^1'. Leaves
lanceolate in outline, with undulate and ciliate-
spiny inar>(ins, all sinuate-pinnatifid into tiroad, 3-
lobed, toothed segments, the teeth prickle-pointed,
heads several, usually crowded at the ends ot' the
winged branches, i' broader less, purple or white,
sessile or short-peduncled, or some of them rarely
solitary and slenderpeduncled; bracts of the in-
volucre very numerous, linear, tlu; outer prickle-
tipped and rigid, the inner thinner an<l merely
acuminate.
Ill waste places, New Hninswiuk anil Nova Scotia,
and in ballast about the seaports. Adventive from
ICurope, Native also of .\sia. July -Sept.
98. MARIANA Hill, Veg. Syst. 4: 19. 1762.
[SiLYHiM Gaertn. I'ruct. i\: Sem. 2: 39S. />/. 162. i.Soz.]
Annual or biennial, simple or branched, nearly glabrous herbs, with large alternate clasp-
ing, sinuate-lobed or pinnatifid, white-blotched leaves, and large di.scoid heads of purple tubu-
lar flowers, solitary at the end of the stem or branches. Involucre broad, subglobose, its
bracts rigid, imbricated in many series, the lower ones finibriate-spinulose at the broad trian-
gular summit, the middle ones similar but armed with huge spreading or recurved spines,
the inner lanceolate, acuminate. Receptacle flat, den.sely bristly. Corolla-tube slender, the
limb expanded and deeply 5-cleft. rilamentsmonadelphous below, glabrous. Anthers sagit-
tate at the base. Style nearly entire. Achenes obovate-oblong, compressed, glabrous, sur-
mounted by a papillose ring. I'appus-bristles in several series, flattish, barbellate or scabrous.
.\ nionotypic genus of the Mediterranean reKion. ^^ \,\[
I. Mariana Mariana (L.) Hill. Milk
Thistle. (Fig. 4074.)
Cirditus Marianus h. Sp. PI. 823. 1753.
^fai I'aiia .Ifanana Hill, Ilort. Kew. 61. 1769.
Silvbum Jfaii(tniim Gaertn. Fruct. & Sem. 2: 37S.
1802.
Stem striate, glabrous or slightly woolly, little
branched, 2°-4° high. Leaves oblong-lanceolate,
prickly, strongly clasping, the lowerof ten 1 2' long
and 6' wide, the upper much smaller, scarcely
lobed, acute; heads about 2}i' broad; spines of
the middle involucral bracts often iji' long;
pappus-bristles white, barl.>ellate.
i;scapt<l from gardens near Kingston, Ontario
(T. Walker, according to Macouii ), in ballast about
tlie eastern seaports, and on the Pacific Coast from
Hritish Columbia to southern California, where it is
naturalized. Called also Virgin Mary's Tliistle,
Ladys Milk, Holy Thistle. June-Aug.
99. ONOPORDON L. Sp. PI. 827. 1753.
Coarse, branching or rarely acaulescent, tomentose herbs, with stout stems winged by
the decurrent bases of the alternate dentate or pinnatifid, prickly leaves, and large discoid
heads of purple violet or white flowers, mostly solitary at the ends of the branches. Invo-
lucre nearly globular, its bracts imbricated in many series, all tipped with long spines in our
species, the inner narrower than the outer. Receptacle flat, fleshy, honeycombed, not
bristly. Corolla-tube slender, the limb expanded and deeply 5-cleft. Filaments pilo.se. An-
thers sagittate at the base. Achenes obovate or oblong, 4-angled or compressed, sniooth or
corrugated. Pappus-bri»tles in several series, filiform, barbellate or plumose, united at the
base. [Greek, Asses' thistle, the ancient name.]
About 12 species, natives of the Old World.
IkJ
Gknts 41).]
THISTLE FAMILY
Thistle.
^
X. Onopordon Acanthium L. Cotton
Thistle. vScotch Thistle. (Fig. 4075.)
()ii,'/>i>rd(>>i AcantliiiiHi I,. Sp IM. -ii-. \-s\.
Iliennial, wl)iteloim.iito>f all over; stem usu-
ally iiuii'li l)raiulic(l, leafy, 3^-9^ '''K''- Leaves
ohlotig, lolifd and ilcntate, acute, very spiny,
the lower often n' lon^; heads 1 ■2'-2' hroail,
about i^'J' hijih, solitary at the ends of the
branches; outer bracts of the involucre ovate or
oblon({, minutely serrulate, tipped with lon^;
stout spreading spines; llowers pale purple;
achenes slightly corrugated; pappus-bristles
brownish, longer than tlie acliene.
In waste places. Nova Scotia and Ontario to New-
Jersey and .Micliijfan. Naturali/cd from Ivumpc.
Native also of Asia. Called also .\rKentine, .Asses',
Oat or Down Thistle, Oncen Mary's or Silver
Thistle. July-Sept.
100. CENTAUREA L. Sp. PI. (J09. 1753.
rerennial or annual herbs, with alternate entire dentate incised or pinnatifid leaves, and
large or niiddle-si/ed heads, of tubular purjjle violet white or rarely yellow llowers. Involu-
cre ovoid or globose, its bracts ind^ricted in many series, appre.ssed, fnnbrillate, or dentate.
Receptacle flat, densely bristly. Marginal flowers usually neutral and larger than the central
ones, which are perfect anil fertile, or flowers all perfect and fertile in some species. Corolla-
tube sleniler, the limb regular or oblicjue, 5-cleft or 5-lobed, the segments sometimes appearing
like rays, .\nthers sagittate at the ba.se. Siyle-lnanches short, somewhat connate, obtuse.
.•\chenes oblong or obovoid, compressed or obtusely 4-angled, usually smooth and shining,
obliquely or laterally attached to the receptacle, surmounted by a disk with an elevated mar-
gin. I'appus of several series of bristles or scales, rarely none. [lireek, of the Centaurs,
who were said to use it in healing.]
.About .ISO species, mostly natives of the Old World. Resides llic following. ; otliers, intro-
duced species, oecnr on the I'acilic Co.ist, and arc rarely fniiiid in ballast about the eastern seaports,
liracts of tile involucre lacerate or limbriate, not spiny.
Heads i '..' broad or less; aclienes laterally attached; introduced species.
.Annual; pappus about the lennth of the achene.
Perennials; i)appus obsolete, or short.
Flowers .ill i)erfect; niaiKinal ones scarcely enlarged.
Marginal flowers neutral, with palniately cleft corollas.
Heads 2'-)' broad; aclienes ohlii|uely attached: native western species,
liracts of the involucre lipped with stout, nearly simple s])iiies.
I. Centaurea Cyanus I,. Blue-bottle. Corn Bhie-bottle.
(Fig. 4076.)
Coilaiirea Cyanus I,. S|). I'l, yii. 175.V
Annual, woolly or tomentose, at least when
young; stem leafy, slender, branched, i^-z^'j''
high, the branches ascending. Leaves linear or
linear-lanceolate, mucronate,3'-6' long, the basal
.ind lower ones mostly dentate or pinnatifid, the
upper, or sometimes all of them, entire; heads
1'- 1,' 2' broad, on long naked peduncles; invo-
lucre campanulate, its bracts greenish-yellow or
with darker tips and margins, appressed, fimbri-
ate with scarious teeth; flowers blue or purplish,
varying to while, the marginal ones neutral with
large radiant corolla-limbs; achenes slightly
compressed, or 4-angled; pappus-bri.slles une-
qual, nearly as long as the achene.
In waste places, escaped from Rardeiis, and in bal-
last, (Juebec to western New York and Virginia.
Other names are Wilclies'-bells or Thimbles, Corn-
Centaury, Corn-bottle or -binks. Brushes, Hurt-
sickle, Blue Bcnncts,Iilaver,Blue Poppy. July-Sept.
1. C. Cyanus.
2. C. ni'i;ra.
,v C. /(iiea.
'.\. C. .hnei tcaiia.
5. C. Catcihapa.
Corn-flower.
4y2
COMI-OSITAK.
[Vor,. III.
■•'.t
Hlack Kiiap-
Ilardheads.
407 7- )
'753-
3. Centaurea nigra h.
weed. Horsc-knops.
Centaury. (.Fig.
Cfiitantra nif^ia I,. Sp. I'l, <in.
rtTciiiiial, scabrotis or imhusri'iit; stem stiff,
liniiu-lied, i"-j" liigli. Lower and l)asal leaves
spatulate or obloiifj, aciitisli, entire, lienliciilate,
dentate or lobed, not pimiatilid, ^'-6' lon«, nar-
rowed intolon>' petioles; upper leaves obloii^or
lanceolate, sessile, ot partly claspinK, entire or
nearly so; heads rarely l' t)road, liracted l)y the
small, uppermost leaves; involucre fjlohose, its
bracts lanceolate or ovate lanceolate, closely im-
bricated, tipped with brown fimbriate append-
ages, or the uppermost merely lacerate; flowers
rose-purple, all perfect, the marginal ones usu-
ally not atall enlarged; achenes slightly 4-sided;
pappus none, or a ring of ndnute scales.
Ill waste places and fields, New fouiidlaiul to On
tario and New Jersey. Nal\irali/cd from ICurope.
AiiiDiiB many other ICiiRlish nanus are Inmliead
or -weed, Club-weed, Matfelon, Hurt-siclcle, Tassel, Hiirse-knobs.Crop-, Knob-, Bole, or Hutlon-weed,
LogKcrheads, Lady's Cushion, Hlue-tops. July-Sept.
3. Centaurea J^cea L. Brown or
Rayed Knapweed. (Fig. 4078.)
Ceiilaiiieti facta I,. Sp. I'l. i;i.(. 1753.
Perennial, similar to the preceding species,
Leaves entire or denticulate, rarely lobed; heads
I'-i'/i' broad; involucre globular to ovoid, its
bracts closely imbricated, brown or with brown
backs, the outer ones with fimbriate appendages,
the middle ones lacerate, the inner entire or
nearly so; marginal flowers neutral with en-
larged radiant corolla-limbs; achenes obscurely
4-sided; pappus none, or a minute crown.
In waste i)laces northern New York and Verinoiit,
and in ballast about eastern seaports. .\lso in lirit-
isli Columbia. Fugitive from Europe, June Sept.
4. Centaurea Americana Xutt.
Atnerican Star Thistle. (Fig. 4079.)
C Americana Nutt Journ. Phila. Acad. 2: 117. 1S21,
Plcclocrplialiis Anien'caiiiis Don, in Sweet, lirit.
l-'l. (;ard. (II). />/. .1/. 1831.
Annual, roughish; stem stout, simple, or little
branched, 2°-6° high. Leaves entire or dentic-
ulate, the lower and basal ones spatulate or ob-
long, 2'-$' long, narrowed into petioles, the
.^ ,,, - ly / A\ /// ' niV' ■ upper oblong-lanceolate, sessile, mucronate;
^^1 j A* \V/ ■ y y lli\\ heads solitary at the ends of the leafy stem or
' ' branches, very showy, 2'-\' broad; involucre
nearly hemispheric, its bracts ovate or lanceo-
late with conspicuously pectinate appendages;
flowers pink or purple, the marginal ones with
enlarged and radiant corolla-limbs; achenes
somewhat compressed, oblicjuely attached at
the base; pappus of copious unequal bristles longer than the achene.
Dry plains, Missouri and Arkansas to Louisiana, Mexico'and Arizona. May-Augr.
493
(Fig. 4080.)
oknu8i<)<).i TirisTi,!-; family.
5. Centaurea Calcitrapa L. Star Thistle
Cenlitutea Culiilrapa I,. Sp. I'l. 917. i-y\.
Annual, pntiesceiit or ({liiliroiis, ^reen; stem
much liriiiu'heil, l°-l'i" liigli- Leaves 1-2-
piniialilid into t)l)li)nK-lance()late to linear, .ser-
rulatespimilose, dentnte or entire mostly ai'ute
lobes, the upper sessile and slijjlitly clasping,
the lower and basal short-petioled, 4'-7' lon^,
the uppermost somewhat involucrute at the
bases of the sessile heads which are about l'
broad; involucre ovoid, its outer bracts ovate-
oblong, tipped with stout spreading spines
whicli are simple, or commonly witli 2-6 bristles
at llie base; flowers purple, none of them radi-
ant; achenes compresseil or obscurely 4-sided;
pappus none.
In waste i)laccs and ballast, soutlifrn Nt w York
and Xiw Jersfy lo Virginia. Also in Hritish Co-
lutnbia. Advctitive or nalurali/.fd from Ivuropc.
Called also Caltrops, Maize Thorn. June-Oct.
loi. CNICUS h. Sp. PL 826. 1753.
An annual herb, with alternate pinnatifid or sinuate-dentate leaves, the lobes or teeth
spiny, and large sessile he.'ids of yellow tidndar (lowers, solitary at the ends of the branches,
subtended by the upper leaves. Ilracts of the involucre imbricated in several series, the
outer ovate, the inner lanceolate, tipped by long pinnately branched spines. Receptacle
flat, bristly. .Vcheiies terete, striate, laterally attached, the horny margin lo-toothed at the
summit; pappus of 2 series of awns, the inner fimbriate, the outer longer, naked; anther-ap-
pendages elongated, united to their tips. [Latin name of Saillower, early applied to thistles, ]
.■\ monotypic genus of the Old World.
I. Cnicus benedictus L. IJle.ssed
Thistle. Our Lady's Thistle.
(Fig. 4081.)
Ciiirus heiiidicliis I,. .Sp. I'l. S26. 1753.
Cfulauifa bcnedhla I.. Sp. I'l. lid. 2, 1296.
Hirsute or pubescent, nmcli branched,
seldom over 2|i° high. Leaves oblong-
lanceolate in outline, rather thin, reticu-
late-veined, 2i'-(>' long, the upper clasping,
the basiil and lower ones narrowed at the
base and petioled; heads about 2' broad,
subtended by several large lanceolate to
ovate-lanceolate leaves; bristles of the re-
ceptacle soft, long; outer awns of the
pappus alternating with the inner.
In waste places, Nova Scotia to Maryland,
Pennsylvania and Alabama, and on the Paci-
fic Coast. Adventive from southern Europe.
Called also St. Benedict's Thistle. -May-Aug.
Appendix.
The following are new discoveries or new determinations, mostly from the
west, made while the work has been in press.
[Vol. 1: p. 2.] 2. Ophioglossum Engelmanni
Prantl. JMigelmann's Adder's-tongue.
(Fig. la.)
Opliiof^lossiini :ti/ga/ti>n liaton, Ferns of the Smithwisl, V. ,S.
Oeol. .Surv. 3.(0. 1S7S, Not L. 1753.
Of<liioi;lt>ssi(>H^ JCni^clnianni Prantl, Jalirl). <1. k. Hot. (~,art. lUr-
liti, 3; .uS, />/, \.//i,'". /,■". 1S84.
Rootstock cyliiulric; stems Dl'teii several, 1 ,sfroin the same
root, 3'-9' 1iinli. bearing the sessile tleshy elliptic leaf below
the niidiile; l)la<le l'-},^' long,
wide.
■/■/// Ti/./i;
o/</i(/iii nii-'/iis r III!,' Ill III Hi;' iiniiiiroiis ii iimtoniiisiii!^ ^'ei/iii/i ff,
t/it- ,i/<r\ iiiii.-i oniihilc ; spike 6"-i2" long, apiculate, borne
on a stalk \'-\' long, sporangia 12-2; pairs.
hi (lamp, storili' plaices or 011 tucks in cedar woods, in the Cen-
tral States, from Indi.ina to Texas and .Xrizona, also in Virginia.
.^pril-Oct.
[Vol. I: p. 2.] 3. Ophioglossum arenarium
v.. G. Britton. vSand Adder's-toi...;iie. (Fig. ib.)
Ophioi;loisutii ai cnai iinii V,. G. Hritton, Dull. Torr. Chdi, 24: =;;5.
pi. jiS. 1S07.
Rootstock slightly thickened, with i or 2 stalks; stem
rigid, erect, 2'-7' high, bearing the sessile /it/iiro/ii/c //,s/iv
leaf hih ■: tin- iiiiilillr ; blade l'-2' long, 3"-6" wide, acute
or apiculate, not pellucid, -■.■i//i iinli^timt -. >-ii,i/iiiii foimini;-
loii!^- iniiior: iiic^lu-f, with few, if any, free veinlets; spike
(i"-\'s" long, apiculate, borne on a stalk 2'-4' long, often
twisted; sporangia 12-26 pairs.
GreRarious in a colony of many i)lants in sandy ground undi r
trees at Holly lieacli, N.-w Jersey. Tile gi"''"^ '^ also called .\<1
der'sfcni, .Adder's si)eai and Snake toiiKUe. July.
[Vol. I: p. 3.] 4a. Botrychium dis-
sectum Spreng. Cut-leaved Grape-
fern, or Moonwort. (Fig. 5a.)
Boll yiUium dissirlinii -Spreng. .\iileit, 3: 172. iSo.f.
JIkIi vihiinn lei iialiim var. dissecliim D. C. Haton,
I'eriis N. .\. i: 150. 1S7S.
riant S'-iG' high with .slender fleshy stems.
Sterile portion long-stalked from near the base
of the stem with broadly deltoid basal division;,
(lecomppiiiitl ; secondary pinnae lanceolate from
a broader \\A'>^, piiiiuilc wHli Imiiiinle a ml deeply
cut /iiiiiuli .<, the ultimate divisions divergent,
often two toothed at their apices, usually less
than half a line wide; fertile portion with a
long stem, bi -tripinnate; bud pilo.so, enclosed in
the base of the .stem, the apex of both portions
bent downward in vernation.
In low (frounds, rare in New l^ngland as far as
eastern Massaclinsetts, more common southward
from New York to Virginia and inland to Indiana
and Kentucky.
\fjm..^- i|J_>|^»wupi«_»r'
Vol,. III.]
APPENDIX.
495
[Vol. i: p. 47.] 5a. Isoetes Dodgei
A. A. Ivaton. Dodge's Quillwort.
(Fig. 106a.)
Isoeles Dodgri A. .\. ICaton, I'erii Bull. 6: 6. 1898.
Plant auiphihious from a bilohed trunk.
Leaves 10-75, S'-iS' long when submersed,
erect, or spirally asceniling when .scattered;
eniersed leaves 4'~t5' long, tortuous and often
interlaced, with numerous stoinata an<l usu-
ally 4 bast bundles; velum narrow, covering
}, to l\ of the sporange; sporangcs thickly
sprinkled with light brown cells; macro-
spores more numerous on submersed plants,
globo.se, 500-675" in diameter, s/'tirst/v rcr-
rnd -.ci//i in ci^iilcir crcs/s which at maturity
separate into irregular groups leaving bare
spaces, serrate or spinulose at the top; mi-
crospores more numerous on eniersed plants,
22 40,", ashy, papillose.
(".rowinij in niuil Hats, Ivast Kinjrston. New
Hampshire.
[Vol. I: P- 47] 5b- Isoetes Eatoni
Dodge, luitoii's Ouillwort.
(Fig. 1 06b.)
hoelcs Ealoni nodRc, I'tnis an I I'ciii .\llios uf
New ICm;. ,i9- '■'^"X'.
Amphibious from a large trunk 1' -2' to 1'-
.\' in diameter. Leaves of the sul)merged
j>lant 2C-20C:, Mirying in length up to 2.S',
marked with an elevated ridge on the ven-
tral side; leaves of the einerse<l plant shorter,
3-6; stoinata abundant; peripheral bast bun-
dles irregular in occurrence oroften wanting;
velum covering 1-4 of the sporange, polyg-
amous; sporanges large, 0.4' by 0.15', pale
spotted; macrospores small, >h:)-4oo;/ in diam-
eter, iiuirhiil -.itii toiiz'itliih- lithyi iiithiiic
riili^cs (iiul II istii/c oil the iiiii;li-^ ct Ihr iiiiiii-
/!/((•; microspores 25-30/; in diameter, smooth
or slightly papillose.
Ill mud flats, ICast KiiiRston ami lvi)i)iiig, Ncw
Hauipsliire.
[Vol. I: p. 47.] 5c. Isoetes
foveolata A. A. Ivntoii. Pitted
Qtiillwort. (Fig. io6c.)
Isoclcs fovciilala A. A. ICalon; Dodge, Ferns
and i''ern Allies of New linp, _^S. 1896.
Amphibious from a bilobed or rarely
trilobed base. Leaves 15-70, stout, 2'-6'
long, pinkish even when dry, or rarely
(lark green; stomata scattered, found only
near the tips; no peripheral bast bundles;
nionoicous or becoming dioicous; velum
covering 1-4 or 1-3 of the sporange; ligule
round-ovate; .sporanges thickly .sprinkled
with dark cells which are often collected
in groups; niacro.sporcs 380-560,", coviicil
hciHiitli rcith Tiiy //iiii--,iiif/iif if/irii/d-
tioiiSi t/ii' oJ<ciiiii!^s ii/'/'iiiriiiji' like little
pits; reticulations elongate on the upper
surface of the .spore; microspores dark
brown, 22-35'( long, densely reticulate
and u.sually slightly papillose.
In muddy banks of the Pautuckaway river, lipping, N. H., also at Cast Kington of the same stat.
•rjjTT
496
[Vol.
APPENDIX.
[Vol. hi.
^- P- 55-] 4- Picea brevifdlia Peck.
Swamp Spruce. (Kig. 122a.)
Picea btevi/olia Peck, Spruces of the Adirondacks, 13. 189;.
A small slender tree, sometimes 30° high, or on moun-
tain summits reduced to a low shrub. T-vi's^s /u/icscci/f ;
sterigmata glabrous, or slightly pubescent; leaves straight,
or a little curved, mos/ly g/diiroiis, i>/>/iisr, or min-ly
miicroiiiiliitc, stout, 2"-$" long; cones oval, /crs/striit
for tzvo fiutsoiis or more, 8"-i2" long, the scales with
eroded margins; wing of the seed about 2" long.
In swamps and open bogs, Vermont and northern New York
to Micliigau. June.
[Vol. I: p. III.] 2a. Syntherisma
serdtina Walt. I^ate-flowering
Finger-grass. (Fig. 241a.)
Svnlheiisnia scrolina Walt. Kl. Car. 76. 1788.
I'aiiicum serolinum Trin. Gram. Panic. 166. 1826.
'^^^^S-^'L \*" ' fC^y^ UW Culms slender, erect, often creeping and branch-
^""SrK-^ 1 ' 1 V'-^'vSl hr ing at the base, S'-24'' tall, smooth and glabrous.
Sheaths about one-half as long as the internodes,
piIo.se with long spreading hairs; ligule a scarious
ring; leaves linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, i'-4'
long, 2"~Y' wide, acuminate, pilose on both sur-
faces; inflorescence conipo.sed of 2-6 i-sided slender
erect or ascending spike-like racemes I'-^'/i' long,
arranged singly, in pairs, or scattered and approximate; spikelets numerous, oval, d/'oz/t
}^" lofig and one-half as broad, acute, in pairs, one short-, the other long-pedicelled, in 2
rows on one side of a flat and winged rachis less than Yz" wide; first scale wanting, t/ie
second ahniit one-half iis long iis the spikelet, 3-nerved, the third scale 7-nerved, both scales
appressed-pubescent on the margins.
Fields and roadsides, Delaware (according to Scribnerj; North Carolina to r.„.:da, west to
Mississippi.
[Vol. 1: p. 113.] la. Panicum coldnum L.
Jungle Rice. (Fig. 243a.)
Panicum colonum I,. Syst. Kd. 10, 870. 1759.
Panicum (f'fl//^;/ liU. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 115. 1817. Not Pursh,
1814.
Culms tufted, smooth and glabrous, 6'-2'/i° tall, often
decumbent and rooting at the lower nodes. vSheaths com-
pressed, usually crowded; ligule wanting; leaves flat, I'-y'
long, i'''-4" wide; inflorescence composed of 3-18 i-sided
more or less spreading dense racemes, ^'-i,'/' long, disposed
along a 3-angled rachis and generally somewhat exceeding
the length of the internodes; spikelets single, in pairs, or in
3's in 2 rows on one side of the hispidulous triangular rachis,
obovate, pointed, the first scale about one half as long as the
spikelet, 3-nerved, the secont/ and third scales a little marc
than \" long, axunless, 5-ner\'ed, hispid on the nerves, the
fourth scale cuspidate.
Fields and roadsides, Virginia to Florida, Texas and Mexico.
Connnon in all tropica' countries. March-Sept.
Vol.. III.]
APPENDIX.
497
[Vol. I: p. ii8.] 17a. Panicum Liebergii (Vasey) Scribn. Lieberg's
Panicuin. (Fig. 259a.)
I'anicviii scopaiiiim I.am. var. Liehcn;ii Xast-)-, Bull.
U. S. Dept. Agric. Div. Hot. 8: ,^2. 'iS8<j,
Panicum l.iebngii Scriljii.; Vasey, Hull. V. S. Dc-pt.
.V^ric. Div. Hot. 8: ,^2. As sj iionyni. 18S9.
C'llins erect, slender, fflabrous, roughish, espe-
cially near the nodes, i°-2° tall, at length braiiclied.
Sheaths papillose-hirsute with spreading hairs, usu-
ally longer than the internodes; ligule a sliort
scarious ciliolate ring; leaves erect or asceuiling,
lanceolate, 2'-^' long, 3"-6" wide, acuminate at
the apex, rounded at the partly clasping base,
papillose-hispid beneath and sometimes sparingly
so on the rough upper surface; paniile ob/oiii,'',
2'-.\' long, its ttiatnhcs nrcl or <rsrr)iifi >/•;■; .spike-
lets i,'2"-2" long, oval, lite oiitrr Ihirc Suilt's f<itf>-
il/osc-hifsiitr ivilli loin;- sfticadiiiii- liairs, the first
scale about one-half as long as the spikelet, ovate,
acute, 1-3-nerved, the second and third scales
broadly oval when spread out, 7-9-nerved.
Dry .soil, Ohio to Jlimifsota and .South I);ikola, south
to Mi.ssouri and Nebraska. Juui'-July.
[Vol. I: p. 120.] 2ia. Panicum Brittoni
Xa.sli. Britton'.s Panicum. (Fig. 263a.)
J'lUiiniDi /.'/v7/ii;;( Nash, liuU. Toir. Club, 24: 194. 1S97.
Smooth and glabrous. Culms coarsely striate, //of
tu-aihhcd, tufted, slender, erect, rigid, 4'-S' tall; sheaths
less than one-half as long as the internodes; ligule a ring
of short hairs; leaves longer than the sheaths, those on
the culm three in number, the middle one the longest,
'^'-1'+' long, :V"-i,'i" wide, erect, acuminate, 5-7-
nerved; panicle ;V'-i'+'long, its branches spreading or
ascending; spikelets one-half as long as the pedicels, or
less, obovoid, obtuse, -+'" ''t"'.i,''> the first scale one-third
as long as the spikelet, the second and third scales 7-
nerved, densely pubescent with spreading hairs.
Moist saiul in tlii- pine banens of southern New Jersey.
May June.
[Vol. I: p. 120.] 22a. Panicum
Nashianum Scribn. Nash's Panicuin.
(Fig. 264a.)
Paiiiciiin .Xashianum Scribn. liull. r. S. Dept.
.\Kric. Div. .Agrost, 7: 7<). 1X97,
Culms tufted, glabrous or puberulent, slender,
6'-l5' tall, at length much branched. Slijaths
glabrous, or the lower pubescent, the primary
about one-third as long as the internodes, those
on the branches overlapping; ligule a short
scarious ring; leaves erect or ascending, lanceo-
late, acuminate, smooth and glabrous, ciliate, at
least at the base, ^^'-2' long, l''''-2j2''' wide, the
leaves of the branches smaller; primary panicle
\'~2' long, the branches widely spreading; spike-
letsabout i" long, o^^orw/t', the first scale i-
nerved, the second and third scales 7-nerved,
densely pubescent ivith short spreadiiii; liairs.
Pine lands, Virsinia to Florida. March July.
.
498
APPENDIX.
[Vol.. in.
[Vol. I: p. I20.] 22b. Panicum
sphagnicolum Nash. Sphagnum
Panicum. (Fig. 264b.)
Paiiniim st>liagnici.:ii>n Xash, Bull. Torr. Club, 22:
422. 1895.
Culms slender, smooth and glabrous, i J.. "-3° long,
at length much eloiigalcd, dichotomously much
branched and declining. Sheaths smooth and gla-
brous, or the lower ones pubescent, one half the
length of the internodes or less; ligule a short ring;
leaves erect, smooth and glabrous on both surfaces,
lanceolate, principal nerves 5-7, the primary leaves
I'-iYz' long, \"-i" wide, those on the branches
1J-2' or less long, concealing the small contracted
panicles; primary panicle loose and open, i;i'-3'
long, its branches spreading or ascending, the lower
^i'-lYz' long; spikelets on elongated fdiform pedi-
cels, scattered, Js"-i,'4" long, oval to obovate, the
scales glabrous or sparsely pubescent, the first less
than one-half as long as the spikelet, l-nerved, the
second and third scales "-nerved.
SpliaKiiuni bogs, District of Columbia .ind southern
Nuw Jersey to I'lorida, west to Texas. June-Sept.
[Vol. I: p. 121.]
24a. Panicum lanuginosum Kll
(Fig. 266a.)
Woolly Panicum.
P. lanuginosum KU. Bot. S. C. S: Ga. i: 123. 1S17.
Culms, shealhs and leaves villous u'ilh
spreading hairs, those on the leaves and the
upper part of the culm shorter. Culms leafy,
tufted, i°-2;i° tall, erect, at length branched, a
smooth ring below each barbed node; sheaths
shorter than the internodes; ligule a ring of
long hairs; leaves erect, lanceolate, acumi-
nate, lK'-5' long, 2"-4J2''' broad; panicle
ovate, i)i'-.\' long, the axis pubescent, the
branches ascending, the larger i'-2' long;
spikelets numerous, broadly obovate, about
%" long, the first scale orbicular, glabrous or
pubescent, i-nerved, the second and third
scales nearly orbicular when spread out, 7 -
9-nerved, densely pubescent with spreading
hairs.
Pry sandy soil, southern New Jersey '.o Flor-
ida and Alabama.
[Vol. I: p. 121.] 25a. Panicum
implicatum Scribn. Ilairy-panickd
Panicum. (Fig. 267a.)
Culms tufled, erect, lo'-iS' tall, very slender,
more or less pul)escent, at length much branched.
Sheaths shorter than the internodes, denselv
paf>illosehirsute, at least the lower ones; ligule a
ring of long hairs; leaves erect, lanceolate; }-i'~2'
long, I "-3" \\\i\c,at least the lo!('er ones papillose-
hirsute tm both .s//;/(f(V'.s',especially beneatli; pani-
cle open, ovate, \'-2\' long, its hranches-videly
streading; spikelets broadly obovate, obtuse,
purplish, al)out '4 " long, the outer 3 scales pu-
bescent with short spreading hairs, the first scale
nearly one-half as long as the spikelet, broadly
ovate, obtuse, i-nerved, the second and third
scales orbicular-oval, 7-ncrvcd.
Dry soil, Maine to New York. Related to '*.
pubescens I<am., but certainly distinct.
Vol.. III.]
APPENDIX.
499
^f:^
[Vol. I: p. 121.] 25b. Panicum Colum-
bi^num Scribn. American Panic-grass.
Short-leaved Panicum. (Fig. 267b.)
Panicum Columbiaiium Scribti. liuU. V . S. Dcpt.
Agric. I)iv. .\grosl. 7:78. i&j;.
Culms tufted, erect, softly pnbcxcetit, .S'-2° tall, at
length (licliotoiiiously branched, llic bninchcs cnrt.
Lower sheaths pubescent, the upper glabrous, the
primary one-half as long as the internodes; ligiilc
a ring of short hairs; leaves lanceolate, erect, t/iiik-
is/i and firm, glabrous above, the lower ones more
or less pubescent beneath, the primary lyi'-l'/i'
long, 2"-3" wide, those on the branches smaller;
panicle ,swa//, ovate, \'-\V,' long, its branches as-
cending; spikelets broadly obovate, a liltle more
than ;V"''"",C. the outer ;, scales densely pubescent
with spreading hairs, the first scale about one-half
as long as the spikclet, i-ncrved, the second and
third scales 7-nerved.
Fields and open woods, Massachusetts to North
Carolina, west to Teiniessee and Alabiinia. Juiie-.Sept.
[Vol. I: p. 121.] 25c. Panicum Eatoni
Nash. I'iaton's Panicum. (Fig. 267c. ).!
Panicum Eatoni Nash, Bull. Torr. Club, 25:84. 189S
Smootli and glabrous. Culms i]i°-^]2° tall,
erect, at length dichotomously branched and
swollen at the nodes; sheaths nmch shorter than
the internodes, usually more or less ciliate on the.
margins; ligule a ring of long hairs; leaves erect,
lanceolate, acuminate, i;<'-4'long, l>^"-5" wide;
panicle finally long-exserted, dense and contracted,
3'-5' long, I'i' or less broad, its branches erect-as-
cending ; spikelets oval, about U" long, acutish,
the first scale about one-third as long as the spike-
let, pubescent, i-ncrved, the second and third scales
broadly oval when spread out, 7-nerved, densely
pubescent with spreading hairs.
.Mouk: tlie coast, in damp or wet places, M.iine to
New York. May-.\ug.
[Vol. I: p. 121.] 25d. Panicum tsugetorum
Nash. Hemlock Panicum. (Fig. 267d. )
P. tsugetorum Nasli, Bull. Torr. Club, 25: ,S6. 189S.
Culms and sheaths pubescent -with short oppressed
or ascending hairs intermi.xed toward the base with
longer ones. Culms tufted, i ;i° or less tall, somewhat
slender, at length much branched and decumbent or
prostrate ; sheath shorter than the internodes; ligule
a ring of hairs about yi" long; leaves erect or ascend-
ing, firm, lanceolate, 5-7-nerved, minutely appresscd-
pubescent beneath, smooth and glabrous above, or the
upper primary leaves sometimes with a few long erect
hairs, the primary leaves iji'-^' long, 2y2"-^" wide,
those on the branches smaller and partly concealing the
snuill panicles; primary panicles broadly ovate, I'/z'-
2I2' long, the branches spreading-ascendiug; spikelets
broadly obovate, about Js" long, the outer 3 scales
pubescent, with short spreading hairs, the first scale
i-3-ucrve(l, the second and third scales 7-9-nerved.
Dry soil in hemlock woods, Connecticut and New York.
500
[Vol. I: p. 121.] 256.
APPENDIX.
Panicum Addisonii Nash.
I I (Vig. 2676.)
[Vor,. III.
Rigid Panicum.
/'. .tdiiisoiiii N.isli, Hull. Torr. Club, 25: 83. iSoS.
Culms io'-i5' tall, ri^iii, tufted, erect or dccuni-
beiit at the base, at length much branched, the
hfiviclii's firrl, piihe.uritt Mow zcitli lorn:; nearly
apl^resM'd hairs: wliicli decrease in length toward
tlic summit where they are very short. .Sheaths
often longer than the internodes, appressed-pubes-
cent, at le.ist the lower ones; ligule a ring of hairs;
leaves erect, lanceolate, thickish, smooth and gla-
brous on both surfaces, rough on the margins,
acuminate, i'-;/ long, 1 1< "-3" wide; panicle ovate
to oblong, '4 '-2 '4' long, its branches spreading or
ascending; spikelets obovate, l" /(»lj^, the first
scale acute or acutish, about one-half as long as
the spikelet, 1 -nerved, pubescent, second and third
scales 9-11-ncrved, densely pubescent with long
spreading hairs.
Sandy soil, soutlK-ni N'uw Jersey. May-June.
[Vol. I: p. 121.]
Atlanticum Nash.
(I'ig.
r. AllaiiluiiDi Nash, Bull.
25f. Panicum
Atlantic Panicum.
267!'.)
Torr. Club, 24:3)6. 1N17.
J'apillose-pi/ose :cilh /oiii;- :chite spreaJini^ hairs.
Culms tufted, at length branched, i2'-2n' tall, erect
or ascending, a smooth ring below the nodes which
are barbea with spreading hairs; sheaths shorter
than the internodes; ligule a ring of hairs i'''-2'^"
long; leaves erect, rigid, thickish, linear-lanceolate,
I ,'4 '-4' long. 2"-3)^" wide, acuminate, 7-1 1 -nerved,
middle leaves the longest; panicle lJ2'-~'/i' long,
I '4 '-2 '4' wide, the branches and their divisions
hispidulous; spikelets numerous, obovate, a little
over \" lout;, ^l" ToiJe, obtuse, the outer ;, scales
densely pubescent with short spreading hairs, the
first scale about one-half as long as the spikelet,
l-nerved, the second and third scales 9-nerved.
Dry soil. New York to \'ir(jinia. Juiie-AuK.
[\'ol. i: p. 1 21.] 26a. Panicum
linearifolium Scribn. Linear-leaved
Paniciun. (Fig. 268a.)
Culms tufted, slender, erect, smooth and
glabrous, simple, 6'-i6' tall. Sheaths gla-
brous or pilose with long white h;drs, longer
than the internodes; ligule a ring of short
hairs; leaves elongated, smooth or rough,
glabrous or more or less pilo.se, especially
upon the lower surface, 3'-io' long, i'''-2'''
wide, the uppermost leaf the longest and
often extending beyond the panicle; primary
panicle loose and open, often long-exserted,
I'/i'-Y long, its branches ascending, second-
ary panieles small and contracted on very
short culms and partly concealed by the bases
0/ the Ion,!; culms; spihelets i"-i'4" toit/r^
obtuse or acutish, pubescent loith spreading
hairs.
Dry Soil, especially hillsides, New York and
New Jersey to Missouri.
%
3*-
Vol.. in.]
APrivNDIX.
501
[Vol. I: p. 121.] 25b. Panicum Werneri
Scribn. Werner's Panicum. (Fig. 268h. )
vSmooth and glabrous, light green. Culms tufted,
erect, slender, simple or later sparingly branched,
io'-i8'tall; sheaths equalling or shorter than the
internodes; ligulc a ring of short hairs; Icavescrect,
elongated, linear, acuminate, 2yi'-4'^' long, i li"-
2'/i'' iviJi; panicle finally long-exserted, loose and
open, lyi'-i'A' long, its branches ascending; .?/>//'
/f/s aboil i \" to>i,v: on longer hispidulous pedicels,
oval, mill iitcty and sparsely piitHSieiit, the first scale
orbicular, about one-quarter as long as the spikelet,
I -nerved, the second and third scales 7-nerved, the
fourth scale oval, slightly apiculate.
Dry knolls in swamps, New York and Oliio. Tlic
smaller spikelets and the eiihi e ahsenie of the siiial!
/hisal />a>nc/essurve to distinguisli this from /'. Ininn 1
folium, to which it otherwise has a great reseniblanee.
June-July.
[Vol. I: p. 121.] 26c. Panicum Bick-
nellii Nash. Bicknell'.s I'anictnn.
(Fig. 268c.)
p. /litiiiillii Xasli, liuU. Torr. Club, 24: \qi,. 1S97.
Culms erect or decumbent at the base, slender,
S'-ie' tall, al length sparingly branched, the lower
internodes pubernlent, the nodes sparingly barbed.
Sheaths generally longer than the internodes, cili-
ate on the margins, the lowermost pubescent;
ligule a fringe of very short hairs; leaves elongated,
increasing in length toward the top of the culm,
erect, lineai-laneeolale,acum\nnie, narrowed toward
the ciliate base, 7-9-nervcd, primary leaves ;/-;''
long, 2;i"-5''' 7vide ; primary panicle 2,!j '-3' long,
its branches ascending, secondary panicles smaller,
with appressed branches; spikclets obovate or
oval i,'4''-iJ4" long, pubescent with short spread-
ing hairs, the first scale i-nerved, the second and
third scales 9 nerved.
Dry wooiUd liills, New N'oik iiml I'ennsylvani.i. July- Aug.
[Vol. 1: p. 1 22. J 27a. Panicum neuran-
thum Griseb. Nerved Panicmn.
(Fig. 269a.)
Panicum neuranthum t'.riseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 2,12. 1S66.
Culms tufted, slender, at length much branched, \
the primary simple, erect, glabrous or pubescent, 1 2'-
30' tall. Sheaths glabrous, or the lower pubescent,
the primary about one-half as long as the internodes,
those on the branches overlapping; ligulc a ring of
hairs; leaves smooth and glabrous, the primary
erect, acuminate, \'-\' long, i"-2;-^" wide, those
on the branches shorter, erector ascending, usually
involute when dry, concealing the small secondary
panicles; primary panicle i'-4' long, its branches at
first erect, at length widely spreading; spikelets
numerous, broadly obovate, about \" long, densely
pubescent with short spreading hairs, the second
and third scales 7-nerved.
Dry or moist soil along the coast, Virginia to Florida
and Louisiana. Also in Cuba. Juiie-Oet.
502
APPENDIX.
[Vol,. III.
[Vol. I: p. 136.] loa
H.&B. Spreading Aristida. (Fig. 306a.)
Aiislida liiyan'oUa II. iV I!.; Willil. Eiuiin. Iloit.
lierol. f)9. i8uy.
Culms 1,'^°-;,° tall, tufted, erect. Sheaths over-
lappiiiK, rough, usually with a tuft of long hairs ou
each side at the apex; ligulc a short ciliate ring;
leaves smooth hcneath, rougli above, those of the
culm 6'-i2' long, I'^-a" wide, erect or ascending;
the sterile shoots from one-tliird to one-half as long
as the culm, the leaves narrower; panicli' compris-
ing oiic-half of llic plant, or more, often inclmled
at the base, its branches rigid, at Iriigth wiJtiy
spreading: spikelets, exclusive of the awns, about
li' long,uumcrous; empty scales acumiuate.usiially
awn-pointed; (lowering scale commonly slightly
shorter than the empty ones, firm, sometimes
spotted with purple, hispidulous above; rt.-i7/,v not
articulated to the scale, the lateral ones shorter than
the central, which is 6"-io" long; callus pilose.
Dry saiuly soil, Kansas to .\ri/ona and New Jlexico,
south to Mexico.
[Vol. I: p. 132.] la. Savastana Nashii
Hicktiell. Nodding Vanilla-grass.
(Fig. 294a.)
5. Xasliii Ilicknell.Hull.Torr.Club, 25: loj. pl.jiS. 1898.
Plant smooth, glabrous and shining. Culms
erect, slender, simple, 2°-3° talt. Sheaths over-
lapping, striate ; ligule scarious, 2"-^" long ;
leaves erect or asceiuling, elongated, a little rough-
ened above, the culm leaves 5 or 6, 2'-8' long, 2"-
3" wide, acuminate; panicle long-exserted, loose
and open, 7'- 17' long, its apex nodding, the capil-
lary branches drooping, the larger 2,'-~' long, in
pairs, the divisions more or less flexuous; spike-
lets 2^^'"-4" long, on capillary pedicels; scales 5,
the outer 2 empty, abruptly long-acuminate, the
first i-ncrved, the second 3-ncrved, the third and
fourth scales about 2^2" long, rough, ciliate ou the
margins with a.scending hairs, 5-uerved, acute, usu-
ally awn-pointed, the fifth scale smaller, smooth,
hispidulous at the apex, sometimes awn-jwinted.
AloiiK brackish niavshes, New Vork City. July-.'Vuff.
Aristida divaricata
[Vol.
I59-]
Agrostis coarctata V.hxh..
(Fig. 362a.)
Dense-flowered Bent-grass.
Agrostis coarclala IChrli.; lIolTni. Deutscli. Fl. Ud.
2, i: 37. 1800.
C'.labrous. Culms tufted, erect, or decumbent
at the base and often rooting at the lower nodes,
smooth, 1 2'- 20' tall, at length branching; sheaths
shorter than the intcrnodes; ligule scarious,
'/i"-i" long; leaves erect, rough ou both sur-
faces, I'^'-i'/i' long, \]^" or less wide; panicle
denseand contracted, il'i'-A' long, ^.('-;<' thick,
its branches erect, the longer 1,'+' long or less ;
spikelets numerous, crowded, acute at both ends
and lanceolate wlien closed, l"-lX" lo'iRi O"
sliorter hispidulous pedicels which are much
thickened at the apex; empty scales acute, his-
pidulous on the upper part of the keel, espe-
cially in the first scale; flowering scale hyaline,
about three-fiuartcrs as long as the spikelet, den-
ticulate at the truncate or rounded apex; palet
about one-half as long as the scale.
Maine to New Jersey. Also in Europe. July-Sept,
Vol.. III.]
APPENDIX,
503
2
3"
[Vol. I: p. 160.] 4a. Agrostis rupestris
AUioni. Vock Bent-grass. (Fig. 365a.)
^Iq-ios/is nifii-x/ris Allioiii, l''l. Kdciii. 2: 237. 1785.
Culms tufted, 6' or less tall, slcudcr, erect, or
dccumheut at the base, suiootli aud glabrous.
Sheaths longer tliaii theiiitertiodes; ligule about
]•" long; leaves smooth and glabrous, I hose on
the culm \' or less long, the liasal leaves from
one-third to one-half as long as the culms;
panicle contracted, i' or less lonff, its axis aiul
branches sniootli, the latter erect or nearly so,
spikelel-bearing above the middle; spikclets
al)()ut i" long; empty scales about equal, i-
nerved, acute, usually purple, bispidulous on
the keel; (lowering scale shorter, hyaline, den-
ticulate at the obtuse or truncate a])cx, bearing
about the middle a dorsal scabrous awn a little
over I" long; palet wanting.
I,abr:i(l(ir anil thu Iiisfli mountains of Nevada.
Also in Ivuropc. .Summer.
- [Vol. I: p. 174.] 2a. Danthonia glabra
Nash. Smootii VVild Oat-grass. (Fig. 398a.)
Panllionia glabra Nasli, Hull. Torn Club, 24: ,| ;. 1S97.
C'lahroiis. Culms erect, tufted, i6'-2.S' tali, slightly
roughened just below the panicle and pubcrulent below
the brown nodes; sheaths usually shorter than the iu-
ternodes; ligule densely ciliate with long silky hairs;
leaves smooth excepting at the apex, i "-2" wide, erect,
those on the sterile shoots (>' or more long, the culm
leaves 2'-4' long; panicle 2'-;/ long, contracted; spike-
lets, including awns, ()"-ut" long, .s-io-flowercd, on
bispidulous appressed pedicels; empty scales acumi-
nate; llowering scales 2]i"-y' long to the base of the
teeth, pilose on the inariiins belovAwX sometimes spar-
ingly so on the niidncrve at the base, the remainder 0/
the scah\[^lal>rons, teeth, including the awns, i"-\%"
long, the central awn 4;2"-6" long, more or less
spreading.
In swamps, southtrn Niw Jersey to Georgia. May-July.
Sieglingia albescens (\'a.sey) Kimtze.
vSieglingia. (Fig. 422a.)
White
Tn'ciisfiis alltesceiis JIunro; A. Cray, I'rnc. Pliila.
Acad. Nat. Sci. 1862: 335. Xanic only. 1.S63.
Trimlia albescens \'a>n'y\ Hull. V. .S. Dtpt. .ABric. Div.
Hot. 12: Tart 2, 33. iHyi.
Siei^lini;ia albescens Kuntzc; I,. II. Diwcy, Contr. V.
■S. Nat. Herb. 2: 53S. 1894.
Culms tufted, erect, smootli and glabrous, i2'-2o'
tall, the sterile shoots one- half as long as the culm
or more. Sheaths shorter than the internodes,
smooth; ligule a ring of short hairs; leaves smooth
beneath, roughish above, acuminate, 2,'2''-u' long.
,//_2// ^yi(jg. panicle dense and contracted, while,
?}i'-5' long, h'-H' broad, its branches erect or
ascending, i' or less long; spikelcts about 7-11-
flowcred, 2'''-2;^''' long, the empty scales white,
i-ncrved, about equal; flowering scales about
lyi" long, 3-nerve(1, the lateral nerves vanishing be-
low the apex, all the nerves g-labroiis, the midnerve
cxcurrcnt in a short scabrous point, denticulate
and irregularly and obscurely lobed at the truncate
apex, short-pilose on the callus.
Prairies, Kansas to Texas. Aug.-Sept.
'W
504
Ain'KNDIX. [Vol.. III.
Sieglingia elong^ta (lUtcklcy) Nash. Long-panicled
Sieglingia. ( Fig. 422b. )
I'inlefii.i fliiiic^ala lliickli'v, I'roc. Phila. Acad. Soi.
1862: Sii. 1S63.
'J'riiiisfiis /> iiifn'ii^/iitiii.i Sliiiiro; A. (".ray in Proc.
riiila. Acad. Nat. Sci. j86j: jjj. Name only.
I8<,3.
Culms i°-3° tall, tuflcil, erect, rough, the ster-
ile shoots about ,'j ns long as the culms. Sheaths
rough, longer tliaii the internodes, a ring of
hair.T at the ape.\, the lower sheaths usually
sparingly papillose-pilose; ligule a ring of hairs;
leaves rough, usually involute when (Iry, 3'- 10'
long, i"-2" wide; panicle narrow, 5'-io' long,
yi' wide, its branches erect, i,'..' or less long,
usually exceeding the rachis-internodcs; spike-
lets io-12-flowered, 4j4"-6" long, the empty
scales scabrous, hispidulous on the midnerve,
the first l-nerved, the second 3-nervcd; flow-
ering scales about 3" long, o/i/tisfii/ //ii- scabrous
af>i'.v, ,1-ncrved, the lateral nerves vanishing at
or below the apex, tlie midnerve usnally excur-
rent in a short point, iil/ llir /•■•ir ■< /> An,' /ir/oio
the middle.
f^^
Prairies, Kansas to .\rizona and Texas. Jiiiie .\uk.
[Vol. I: p. 185.] 2C. Sieglingia pildsa (Buck-
ley) Nash. Sharp-scaled Sieglingia. (Fig. 422c. i
Cralcpis (lilosa l!uckley, Proc. Phila. Acad. Nat. .Sci. 1862:
94. i86,v
Tiicuspii aruniiiiala Munro; A. Cray ni Pnic. Phila. .Acad.
Nal. Sci. 1862: 3V5' Name only. 186,5.
Culms tufted, 2>^ '-12' tall, smooth and glabrous. the ster-
ile shoots 4' tall or less. .Sheaths smooth, a tuft of hairs on
each side at the apex, much shorter than the intcrntKk's;
ligule a ring of short hairs; leaves strict or curved, thick,
linear, obtuse, incrvcd, the margins white, serrulate, I '-2'
long or less, less than i" wide, folded, at least when dry,
pubescent with long hairs, especially beneath; panicle al-
most racemose, long-exserted, yi' :J^' long; spikelets
3-10, crowded, .S-12-flowered; empty scales acuminate,
I-uerved; flowering scales y'-^li" long, adimhiitli', -
3-nerved, the midnerve generally excurrcnt in a short i
point, all the ner%'es (the lalcral at the top and l>ottoin, the
midnerve />r/ou' the middle), the callus, and the base pilose.
Dry soil, Kansas to Colorado, Texas and New Mexico. .April- Sept.
[Vol. I: p. 208.] 2ia. Pea arachnifera
Torr. Texas Blue-grass. (Fig. 479a.)
Poa arachnifera Torr. Marcy's Kxped. 301. 1853.
Culms tufted, i°-3° tall, smooth and glabrous, from
running rootstocks; sterile shoots from one-half as long
as the culms to equalling them. Sheaths longer than
the internodes, smooth or roughish, hyaline on the
margins; ligule a short membranous ring; leaves linear,
erect, usually folded when dry, smooth beneath, rough
above, i^^'-g' long, lY^'-'s" broad, abruptly acute;
panicle dense and contracted, sometimes interrupted
below, 3'-6)'i' long, Yz'-iYi' broad, its branches as-
cending or erect; spikelets numerous, 4-7-flowered,
the scales acuminate, the empty ones hispidulous on
the midnerve; flowering scales 2"-2K" long, often
pointed, pubescent at the base with copious long col>-
vebhy hairs, ynen'cd, the midnerve and lateral neiTes
pilose below the middle. ___^
Prairies, Kansas to New Mexico, south to Louisiana
and Texas. Also introduced in Florida. April-May.
[Vol.. III.
[-panicled
I. Aciul. Sfi.
riiy iTi Proc.
Name (Hily.
"h, the ster-
is. Sheaths
, a ring of
ths usually
ng of hairs;
1 dry, 3'-!"'
5'-lo' lotiK,
ir less long,
odes; spike-
thc empty
e inidnerve,
ervcd; flow-
llw scabrous
•aiiishing at
ually exour-
/) 7.1V,' ht'Uno
Vol.. II r.]
[Vol. i: p.
AI'rKNDIX.
Northern Manna-grass.
achnifera
I. 479a.)
1853-
Tlabrous, from
le-half aslong
IS longer than
valine on the
; leaves linear,
)eneath, rough
bruptly acute;
es interrupted
s branches as-
, 4-7-flowered,
liispidulous on
;" long, often
pious long cob-
\ lateral ncnes
^.\\ to Louisiana
April-May.
!i3.J 8a. Panicularia bore£klis Nasli.
(Kig. 49 1 'I.)
(i'lycnia JlitiUiin vnr. aiifiiishila Vasty, I'loc.
Tort. ,Soi'. Nat. Mist. 2: yi. iSys. Not (i. a>ii;us-
lata T. I'rii'S. uSCiy.
/'. borealis Nasli, Hull. Terr. Club, 24: ^.jS. 181)7.
Glabrous. Culms erect from a creeping base,
i'j°-5°tall;slieatli8ovcrlapping,stiioothorrough-
ish, the uppermost one enclosing the base of the
panicle; ligulc 2',"-T/2" long, membranous;
leaves linear, abruptly acuminate, 3>^'-2l' long,
i"-5" wide; panicle slender, narrow, the ex-
serted ]iortion 6'--'o' long, its branches appressed
or nearly so, the lower in 2's or 3's, the longer
of which bear 5-12 spikclets; spikeli'ls ^"-q)"
/'"'.Ci 7-i3-flowerc(l,appre.ssed; outer two scales
empty, i-ncrved, smooth and shining, unequal;
flowering scales //////, 2"-2ji" long, 7-uerved,
the nerves hispiilulous, a broad scarious margin
at the obtuse and erose apex; palet hyaline,
slightly sliorter than the scale, .shortly 2-toothed
at the obtuse apex.
In shallow walir, Maine to New York, Idaho, Cali-
fornia, Washington, and northward.
[\'ol. I: p. 213.] ga. Panicularia
brachyphylla Nash. Short-leaved Manna-
grass. (Fig. 492a.)
r. hrachyt>hyHa Nasli, Hull. Turr. CUib, 24: 349. 1897.
Glabrous. Culms erect from a creeping base, 2°-3°
tall; sheatlis generally longer than the intcrnodes,
almost closed, the uppermost one enclosing the base
of the panicle; ligule 3"-4>2" long, membranous;
leaves linear, acuminate, i^'z'-i' long, 2"-2>i" wide;
panicle slender, narrow, the exscrted portion i2'-i6'
long, its branches appressed or nearly so, the lower
in 2's or 3's, the longer of which bear 2 or 3 spike-
lets; spikelets compre.ssed-cylindric, io"-i4" lorn;,
7-12-nowered; empty scales i-nerved, the second
2 '2 "-3''' long; flowering scales hispidnloiis all over,
7-nerved, about ^yi" long, tlic obtuse apex obscurely
and irregularly few-toothed; palet about 3" long,
acuiniiia/e, a little exceed in::; the scale.
In shallow water, New York. June-July.
[Vol. I: p. 217.] 4a. Festuca
brachyphylla Schultes. Short-leaved
Fcscne-grass. (Fig. 500a.)
Fcsluca hrevifolia R. I?r. Append. Parry's Voy.
Suppl. 2S1) 1S24, Not Mulil. i^ii7.
Fesluca bracliypliylla Schultes, Manl. 3: .\ddit. 1,
646. 1827.
Festuca ovina \,. var. brevifotia S. Wats, in King's
Rep. V . S. Geol. Rxpl. 40th Paral. 5: ,-589. 1871.
Smooth and glabrous. Culms densely tufted,
8' or less tall, slender, erect, much exceeding
the short basal leaves; sheaths coarsely striate;
ligule a short scarious ring; leaves very narrow,
involute, at least when dry, tliose on the culmH'
or less long, erect or ascending; panicle i' or less
long,nca.t\y simple.its branches appressed; spike-
lets 2-^-Jlo7uered, the empty scales acuminate,
the first I -nerved, the second 3-nerved; flower-
ing scales acute or acuminate, rough toward the
apex, 2'''-2'/i'" long, exclusive of the scabrous
awn which is y2"-\)i" long.
Newfoundland to liritisli Columbia, the higher mountains of Vermont, and the Rocky Mountains
to Colorado. Summer.
u
'll
AI'l'KNDIX.
[Vol.. iir.
[Vol. I: p. 217.] 4b. Festuca capilUta
I.am. Filiform Fcsciie-Kra.ss. (Fig. 500b.)
t'cslma capilUilii I.aiii. I'l. I'raiu'. 3- ,soS. 1778.
Densely lulled. Culms erect willi n clecuinl)eiit
base, 6'-i5' tall, slender, smooth and glaucous, shin-
ing,'; sheaths smooth, longer than the intcriiodes,
confined to the l)asc of the culm; linule « short
memhrHiions ring; Iciivt's Jili/oriii, smooth or rough,
the hasal ones from one-third to onchalf as long as
the culm, the culm leaves I'-i,'.' long; panicle
contracted, ,'i'-2' long, its hrauihes erect, %' or
less long; s|)ikelcts 2"-2,'j" long, \-^-llo:cercd;
outer scales empty, uncciual, the first iicumiuHte,
the second acute; flowering .scales (/id/// i.V" long,
liiiiiu'iictl, acii/r.
I'iiUts and roadsides, Maiiii' ind New York. Iiilru-
cIirkI finni I^iiiopc. Jinic July.
[Vol. I: p. 220.] 4a, Bromus Madriten-
sis L, Compact Chc.s.s. (Fig. 509a.)
Jlioinns Madn'leiisis I^. .Anioin. .\cad. 4:2ii,S- 175.>
Culms l°-2° tall, tufted, smooth and glabrous.
Sheaths smooth, glabrous,or the lower ones pubes-
cent, usually shorter than the internodes; ligule
scarions, lacerated, l"-2" long; leaves 2,'i'-S'
long, i)'z"-T," wide, rough above, often pubescent
on both surfaces; panicle dense, 3'-6' long, its
rough branches erect or ascending, the longer 2'-
;/ long; spikelets iiuineroits, \]'i'-2' long, includ-
ing the awns, the scales .•icuminate, scarions on the
margins, the first scale i nerved, the second .;•
nerved; flowering scales, exclusive of the awn,
6"-7" loiigy sparsely ami iiiinulcly af>f>iYsuii-f>i(-
bescrnt, the apex aciiiitinatcly i-loollwJ, 5-ucrvcd,
bearing an erect or divergent awn (>"-()" long.
Waste ])laces, MicluKan and Virginia; also in Cali-
fornia. Locally adventive from I'lnrope. Summer.
[\'ol. I: p. 222.]
loa. Bromus arvensis 1<.
(Fig. 515a.)
1'"k1>1 L'lii.'.--s or ISroiiii.'.
Hi otiius ai z'ciisis I,. .Sp. I'l. 77, 1753.
Culms erect, l^-.s" tall, smooth and shining,
glabrous except at or near the brown nodes.
Sheaths shorter than the internodes, softly and
densely pubescent witli short rejlexed hairs : ligule
scanous, yz
>/-"
t'/i" long; leaves erect or ascending,
more or less hirsute on both surfaces, 3'-6' long,
2"-,i" wide; panicle ample, s'-y' long, its rough
branches erect or ascending, rarelj- spreading,
branching and spikclet-bearing above the middle,
the longer j'-S' long; spikelets, including the awns,
9''--i2" long, lanceolate, somewhat shining, the
scales membranous, scarions on the margins, mi-
nutely and .sparsely appressed-pubescent toward
the acute apex, papillose along the nerves, the first
scale 3-nerved, the second 5-ncrvcd ; flowering scales
broadest at the middle, 5-nerved, 3yi"-Y' longi
bearing an erect awn of about the same length.
Fields and waste pl.iccs. New York, New Jersey and
Slichigan. Locally adventive from Uurope. Sunuuer.
Vor,. III.]
[Vol. X: p. 22('/'
AI'I'IiNDIX,
(
la. Agropyron pseudorepcns .Scribii. & Sm.
xh-Krass. ( Fij;. 524:1. )
507
False
•S
Agiofiyio)! f<u'ii(l'ircf>eif: .Snihii, iS: Siii. Hull. I
Di'pt. AKiii'. Div. .•\>{ii)st. 4: ,^|. iSc,;.
Light n''et-Mi. Culms 1-3° tall, erect, sttinotli
and glabrous, from a running roolstock; slienllis
shorter than the internoiles, smooth; ligule a short
tneinl)ranous ring; leaves erect, prominently
nerved, miix'/i on k>lh siir/iiirs, acuminate, the
culm loaves 3' S' long, a"- ,3" wide, the hasal
leaves about one-half as long as the culms; spikes
3'-8' long, strict; spikelcts .s'-'-S" long, ^-y-flow-
ered, a little comftimed, ahfin'ssul to the itu/iis
which is hispidulous on the margins; empty scales
lanceolate, e(iualling or somewliat shorter tlian the
spikelet, acuminate and often awn-pointed, 5-7.
nerved, the nerves hispidulous; flowering scales 5-
nerved, roughisli toward the apex, usually awn-
pointcd.
Ri.l, ivc-r buttons, Molilalia to liritisli L'i)ltiiiil)ia,
soH'J' tc Nebraska, Arizona and Tex. is. July .\iin.
rvoi.
lb. Agropyron spi-
catum (Pur.sh) Scribii. vS: Sm. Western
Wlieat-Kra.ss. (Fig. 524b.)
I't-stnca sfiifiita I'lirsli, I'l. .\iii. .Sl-jiI. i:S,^ i8r.(.
.1:; iii/>\'iiiii sf>inilnin Scribii. & Sin. liiiU. U. S.
I)r|)t, .VKric. Div. .\Kriisl. 4: ,y. 18^7.
/'tile j^ircii, fflaiiauis. Culms i,'2°-4° tall,
erect, from a slender creeping rootstock, smooth
and glabrous; sheHlhs shorter than the inter-
nodes, smooth; ligule a short membranous
ring; leaves erect, 2'-^' long, 2"~.\" wide, acu-
ininale, very scabrous above, smooth beneatli,
becoming involute when dry; spike long-ex-
serted, strict, 4'-8' long; spikelcts crowded,
(livergiiit/ioni the raeliis, compressed ,\anceo\&\.ii
when closed, !i'-l' long, ()-i2-flowcrcd; empty
scales acuminate, awn-pointed, shorter than the
spikelet, hispidulous on the keel; flowering
scales 5"-6" long, acute or awn-pointed, gla-
brous or sparsely jjubesccnt.
Moist I.ukI, M.iiiitol) 1 and Minnesota to Oregon,
soiilli to Missouri and Texas.
[Vol. I : p. 226.] ic. Agropyron tetra-
stachys Scribn. 6v: Sin. Coast Wheat-grass.
(Fig. 524c.)
Affiopyion lelrastacliya Scribn. ^ Sm. Hull. V. S. Dcpl.
.\Kric. Div. Agrost. 4: ,?2. 1897.
(ilaiteous. Culms rigid, slender, erect, I'i -3° tall,
from a running rootstock; sheaths shorter than the in-
iiodcs, smooth and glabrous; ligule wanting; leaves
erect, acuminate, 5'-S' long, 2" or less wide, smooth
beneath, glaucous above, scabrous on the margins;
spikes long-exserted, 3'-5' long, ^-siJeJ ; spikelcts
crowded, 6"-iu"loug, 6-ii-flowcred, apprcssed to the
■\-aiijrled aiiieiilated raeliis, the angles hispidulous;
empty scales lanceolate, 5" long, rough on the keel,
5-7-nerved; flowering scales lanceolate, keeled, rough
toward the apex, acute, awu-pointed or short-awned.
Sandy beaches, coast of Maine. July-Aug.
!.)<
5o8
M
?;
AITENDIX. [Vol.. III.
Agropyron Gmelini Scribn. & Sm. Gmelin's
Wheat-grass. (Fig. 528a.)
Afiti/iyron Omeliiii Scribii. & Sm. Bull. V . S.
Dept. Agric. Div. .Vgrost. 4: 30. 1897.
Culms i,'^°-4° tall, erect, sh-ndn; tufted,
smooth and glabrous, 110 roolslocks. Slieatlis
smootli. usually longer than the internodes;
ligule a sliori membranous ring; Irazrs erect,
4'-io' long, i"-y wide, acuminate, smooth be-
neath, scabrous on the margins and sometimes
also sparsely so above; spike slender, long-ex-
serted, 2'-S' long; spikelets 6-20, somewhat
crowded, appresscd to l.ic rachis, more or less
compressed, ^-C)-jlo:ce>rd; empty scales S"-'"
long, shorter than the spikelet, acuminate into
a shorter awn; flowering scales ^"-d" long,
acuminate, bearing at or just below the apex a
slender scabrous awn 7"-i5''' long.
Bottom lands, Washington to western Nebraska.
[Vol. i: p. 231.] 3a. Elymus inter-
medius (Va.sey) Scribu. & Sm.
Strict Wild Rye. (Fig. 535a.)
Elymus Canadensis var. inlet medins Vasej*; W.its. &
Coult. in A. Gray, Man. VA. 6, 67,^ li^oo.
Elymus inlermedius Scribn. & Sm. Hull. l*. S. IJepl.
Agric. Div. Agrost. 4: 38. 1S9-.
Culms erect from a perennial root, 2°-^° tall,
smooth and glabrous. Sheaths longer than the
internodes, smooth, the uppermost often inflated
and enclosing the base of the spike; ligule a short
membranous ring; leaves -'-\i' long, \"-^" wide,
acuminate, very rough on both surfaces; spikes
2^ '-6' long, stout, the rachis pubescent; spikelets
crowded, in pairs, 2-5-flowered; empty scales linear,
S"-(>" long, thick, 3-5-nerved, the nerves hirsute,
acuminate into a scabrous awn as long as or shorter
than thescaic; flowering scales lanceolate, 5-nerved,
appressed-hirsiite, ■\"-^" long, acuminate into a
rough azi'H (>"-?•," long.
River baiiks, JIaiiie to Virginia, west to Illinois and
Nebraska. July -Aug.
[Vol. I: p. 231.] 3b. Elymus robustus
Scribn. & Sin. Stont Wild Rye.
(Fig. 535b.)
Elymus rnhiis/us Scrihn. &. Sm. BuU.U. ,S. Dept. Agric.
Div. Agrost. 4: 37. 1897.
Culms erect, usually stout, 3°-6° tall, smooth and
glabrous. Sheaths longcj' than the internodes,
smooth or slightly roughened; ligule a short cori-
aceous ring with acute lateral auricles; leaves firm,
very rough on both surfaces, 4'-i5' long, 4''-io'''
wide, acuminate; spike little exserted, stout,
4'-9' long, the rachis usually glabrous except on
the angles; spikelets numerous, crowded, in 2',s-4'.s',
3-4-flowered; empty scales subulate, 5"-6" long,
bearing an awn 6"-t)" long; flowering scales lan-
ceolate, 5"-6" long, 2-toothed at the apex, from
sparsely to densely appressed-pubescent, bearing
a llexuous or bent atvn i5"-24''' long.
River banks, Ontario and Vermont to Oregon, south
to North Carolina, Texas and .\rizona.
Vol.. III.]
APPENDIX.
509
[Vol. I: p. 268.] 19a. Scirpus Ndvae-Angliae Britton
Coast Sedge. (Fig. 627a. )
Perennial by rootstocks; culm stout, erect,
4°-7° tall, sharply 3-angleil, the sides flat or
nearly so. Leaves long, 4"-6" wide, somewhat
roughish on the margins when dry, the lowest
reduce'i to pointed sheaths, those of the invo-
lucre 2-5, the longer of them much exceeding
the inflorescence; spikelel;: luiitowly cyliiutiic,
tU'ttti-, ;V-2' loiiii, less Ihan y^' lliiik, solitary or
2-5 together at the ends of tlie rays of the umbel,
llie rays \.'-i,' loiig\ scales awned; bristles 2-4,
shorter than the grayish-zvliit'' dull ohovate
aclicne, which is distinctly 3-angled; stamens 3;
style ;vcleft.
In I'rsU watir and brackish ni.irslies, Stratford
and Kairntld, Conn, i Dr. Iidwin H. ICanies), .Spuv-
ten Duvvil, New York City (Iv. 1'. BiekuLll).
New England
[Vol. I: p. 3f>6.] 2a. Lemna minima Philippi.
Least Duckweed. (Fig. S86a.)
l.emiia mittima I'liilijipi, I.inuaea, 33: 2,^9. 1S41.
Thallus obloiig to elliptic, i''-2" long, obscurely \-iHrved,
or iicrvticss, r.v/// a ro:o of />a/>iilt's aloiij:; the >icrvc, Ihr
lower surface flaly or slii^hlly ionvcx ; the apex rounded,
rootcap usually short, a little curveil, rarely perfectly straight,
cylindric, blunt ; spallic open; pistil short-clavate; stigma
concave; ovule solitary, obliquely orthotropous; seed oblong,
pointed, about 16 ribbed, with many transverse striations,
Georgia and IHonda to Kansas, Wyoming and Califcirnia.
[Vol. i: p. 367.] 2a. WOLFFIELLA Ilegelm. Kngler's Bot. Jalirb. 21:
303- 1895.
Thallus thin, unsymmetrical, rootless, curved in the form of a segment of a band, punc-
tate ou both surfaces with numerous brown pigment-cells. Pouch opening as a cleft in the
basal margin of the thallus, a stipe attached to its margins. Flowers and fruit unknown.
[Diminutive of Wolffia.]
About 7 species, mostly of tropical regions. Besides the following, 2 others are known from
western North .\nierica.
I. Wolffiella Floridana (J. D. Smith) Thompson. Florida Wolfiiella.
(Fig. 889a.)
H'oljfia ,c;ladiata var. Floridana ]. I>. .Smith, Hull, Torr, Club, 7:
64, 1S80.
\yotffia Floridana J. I). Smith; Ilegelm, Kngler's Hot Jahrb. 21:
305. 1895.
Wolffiella Floridana Thompson, Ann. Kep. Mo. Hot. Card, 9:
17. 1S97,
Thalli solitary, or commonly coherent for several genera-
tions formingdensely interwoven masses,strapsliaped, scythe-
shaped, or doubly curved, tapering from the rounded oblique
base to a long-attenuate apex, 2,'i"-5''' long, 14-ar times as
long as wide; basal portion of the long stipe persistent, the
pouch elongated-triangular, or the upper angle rounded.
Georgia and Florida to Missouri, Arkansas and Texas,
5IO
APPENDIX.
[Vol.. III.
[Vol. i:p. 367.] 2a. Wolffia papulifera Thompson. Pointed Duckweed.
(Fig. 891a.)
Q U . ^./v,^ ll'ollJia papulifera Tliompson, Ann. Rip. JIo. Bot.
O Q ^^ Thallus slislitly unsynimctrical, obliquely
^ broadly ovate, about yi" broad, tlic apex
rounded, the upper furfaee Ihit nt the muri^iu.
!^rii(lu<illy iisceiiiliiiff into <i f'roiiiiueiit eouir
pdf'ule nil the median line, brown-punctate, the
under surface strongly gibbous, less punctate;
stotnata numerous on the upper surface; flower
and fruit unknown.
T'loalinp. with the entile upper surface oxpused
to the air, Kennett and Cohlinbia, Sid.
[Vol. i:p. 377.]
la. Tradescantia bracteata Small. I.ong-bracted
Spiderwort. (Fig. 910a
Perennial, deep green, glabrous to the inflorescence,
or nearly so. Stems erect, 4'-lo' tall, simple or spar-
ingly branched; leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 4'-
8' long, long-acuminate; sheaths paler than the leaf-
blades, conspicuously ribbed, glabrous, or the upper
ones sometimes ciliate; inz-ol/icres 0/2 I'rcreti, the^e
/>ro(i(/er than the leciz'es, more or less strongly saccate
at the base, ciliate and often sparingly villous on the
back; umbcl-likc cymes few-flowered; peifieeh i,rl<in-
dular pulwieent. ]i,'-\' lon<^ ; fepul.t D-dte-laneeoliite to
clliptie-loneeoldte, s^lamtulur, more or less involute;
corolla blue or reddish, about i' broad.
In sandy soil, Minnesota to South r)akota, south to
Kansas. Spring and summer. Ascends to 7':,(>o feel in
the Black Hills.
[Vol. I: p. 377.] 23. Tradescantia
reBexa Rat". Retlc.xed vSpiderwort.
(Fig. 9ria.;
Tradescantia reflexa Raf. Atl. Journ. 150. iS,^2.
Perennial, glabrous, i:iiiueoii<. Stems erect,
l°-V' tall, nearly straight, commonly much
branched; leaves linear, S' 20' long, straight,
or somewhat curved, long-atteiiualc; slieaths
I'lrgCi 5"->5" long; inroluerex 0/2 uiie,/i,(il
jiniilly nj/exed leof-lihe hniets ; umbel-like
cymes usually dense at maturity; pedieel.t
slender, \n''-\^" linii;: reiiirrei/; sepals ob-
long or elliptic, apparently lanceolate l)y the
involute edges, 4" -$" long, hooded, mostly
reith a tuft 0/ hiiirs at the a/'ev ; corolla blue or red, Io"-l5" broad, the f;tah sulior/'ienlar ;
capsule ovoid to oblong, 2>i"-3" long, glabrous.
In sandy or clayey soil, Minnesota to Florida and Texas. Spring and summer.
Vol. in.]
api'e;ndix.
511
[Vol. I: p. 436.] la. Trillium viride
Beck. Green Wake-robin. (Fig. 1043a.)
Trillium z'ii idc Htck, Am. Jourii. Sci. ii: 178. 1S26.
Perennial by a short corm-like rootstock, light
green. Stems solitary, or several together, 4'-i5'
tall, rough-pubescent near the top, or glabrous in
age; leaves oblong to ovate, 2'-4' long, obtuse or
acutish, 3-5-nerved, i/s/iitlh' hlotclnil, more or less
pubescent on the nerves beneath; //(>-.:urs siss/'/r ;
sepals linear or linear-lanceolate, i'-2' long, bright
green, acute or obtuse; /i/n/s clct-vtd, tin- hlinh's lin-
ear or iii'iirly ,«>, siirpiissiii!^ ///<• fepiila, lii^lil grciii
or /'iir/'lis/i <:ri,'ii. the claw.s sotnctitncs brown or
purple; stamens about J 5' as long as the petals; fila-
ments flattened,
-! shorter than the anthers.
In woods and Rli\des, Missouri and Tetnu'sscc to
Mississippi and Arkansas. Spvill^^.
niotiiitains, Mary
[Vol. I: p. 473.] la. Listera reni-
formis Small. Kidney-leaf Twayblade.
(Fig. 1128a.)
L. reiii/ormis Small Bull. Torr. Club, 24: x\\. 1S97
I'erennial, deep green. Stems erect, 4'-! 2'
tall, slender, glabrous below, densely glandular-
pubescent above; leaves 2, opposite, about the
middle of the stem, rciiifonii, or ovu/r-rfiii-
f'oriii, 5"-I4" l>ro<i(/, (ipimhil,- or shtirl-ociimi-
iiiifi\ more or less pubescent beneath, conio/c or
.■iuli.onlii/c at flu: iuisf, scssi/c ; racemes ;V''-4'
long; bracts lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate,
i}4"~2'/i" long, acute; pedicels 2"-4'" long, less
densely pubescent than the adjacent stem, or
glabrate; sepals oblong or linear-oblong, about
i}i'.' long, reflexed; corolla greenish, ///<■ ///
-.it/ffi-f/Ki/rf/, 3"-3/4" /i"'.i,''i -ci'/// 2 proiDliiiiil
Icith iicor the ix'sp. shorf^ly chft, the segments
obtuse; capsules oval, 2"-2,'^''' long.
land,Viij{i"i'i<ind Xorth Carolina. Spring and sutnnior.
i: p. 4S.5.] 4a
Shag-bark,
Ilicoria Caroliiiafsrf'lcntrionalis Ashe, Notts
on HickoriLS. I.'<y6.
.\ small tree attaining a maximum height
of about So°, and diameter of 2,'i°, with
gray bark hanging in long loose strips.
Bud-scales S-io, imbricate, the inner jj;rcally
enlarging in leafing, and tardily deciduous;
terminal bud ovate-lanceolate, truncate, the
scales spreading, Ixtrcly ]'/ loiiff; lateral
buds oblong; t-.iL;-s very sl,ni/ii\ ^'s' tlii'l'\
i;ituiioiis. fiiiiuU/i. /'in/^li<//-l>ro-:ii ; statninate
aments in threes, glabrous on short pedinicles,
at base of shoots of the season; .-tiiij/,)/i .;■/./-
t'r«ii<; i}:'(/rv :;/ii/'riUfs ; young foli.age black-
ening in dryitig, glabrous, ciliate, with few
resinous globules; /iiij/c/s 35, t/ir 2 iipf'i r
34'-! W -■''fi.Y-6' /o//n: /,nir,;>l,itr; lower
pair often smaller; /)//// .<«A4'/f>A>>»c. V'-'/*'
lo/iir; husk soon falling into 4 pieces; nut
white or hro-vnis/i, iiiiic/i (■oiii/'rr<f,i/. angled,
corthitf or sii/xontiiti' nt A/, thin-shelled;
seed large and sweet.
Sandy or rocky woods, rarely entering: " hot-
tonis," Delaware to (Uorgia and Temiessee.
Hicoria Carolinae-septentrionalis A.she.
(Fig. 1154a.)
Southern
|.-
512
API'IvNDIX.
[Vol. I: p. 486.] 6a. Hicoria villosa (Sarg.) Ashe.
Wooll)- Pignut. (Fig. 1156a.)
[Vor,. III.
Scurfy Hickory.
If. glabra var. 7'illos(i Sarg. Sylva, 7: 167. 1S95.
Ilicoiia pallida Ashe, Notes on Hickories, In
part. iS()().
//. villosa Ashe, Hull. Torr. Club, 24: 11, 530. 1897.
A small or inediuni sized tree reachinj,; a tnax-
itnuui height of about 80°, anil a dianicte: of 2°,
with deeply furrowed dark gray bark. Buds
of6-S imbricated scales, the outer usuall) thickly
ilitititl -:llli rciiiiiuif i;i<>/>iilif, the inner some-
what enlarginji in leafing; terminal bud ovi.te,
,'4 ' long, Iti/ii ill liii(h iiios/lv s//(irl-s///'C(/: stani-
inatc anients pubescent, and i;l(ti/c/ and scurf
Kt-'cnil. peduncled in 3's at bascof shoots of the
season; twigs slender, 'o' thick or less, usually
glabrous, hrii;lit f'lirf'ti-hriK.-ii : petiole pubes-
cent; hdjhlf 5-9, lit Jhft lliii kl\- cort-nd hciieath
-.nil silviry pflliitt- i;liniih, iiiixvil -:itli nsiiioiis
iltohiihf. generally pubescent; fruit about V
long, obovoid or subglobosc, the liiisl: ,i,ttci/
-:it/i iT.sii/oii.i iiii'liiilts. 's' thick and partly
splitting; nut brown, thick-shelled, angled; seed
small, but sweet.
I'oor samly or rocky soils, Delaware to Georgia
(according to .\slie). west to Missouri. Wood hard,
strong, dark brown; weight per cubic foot 50 lbs.
Hicoria villosa paUida .\she.
Jficpria paltiiia .\she, Notes on Hickories. In part. iSc/i.
I.ess pubescent; fruit ovoid, flalleiicd laterally ; liii.'^k lliin, .^plilliiig to the hase ; nut light
brown, not aiigh'd. Virginia to Georgia.
[Vol. 1: p. 487] after Hicoria glabra add Hicoria glabra hirsuta .Vslie, Notes on Hickories. i8i/>.
Similar to type, bnt leaves larger, piihesieiil bencalh, Ihiniicr, gencndly destitute of resinous
globules on the lower surface; fruit larger. Virginia to Georsjia, along and near the mountains.
[Vol. I: p. 486.] 6b. Hicoria borealis Ashe
(Kig. ii,s6b. )
Hicoria /i(i;r(?//'.f Ashe, Notes on Hickories. 1S06.
A small tree, with rough furrowed bark when
young, becoming shaggy in long narrow strips with
age. Bud-scales S-lo, imbricated, the inner btight-
colored and sericeous, enlarging in leafing and
tardily deciduous; terminal bud o-.-ntc-UniccoUitc,
'/ long; twigs very slender, 's' thick, glabrous.
Northern Hickory.
in
's at
I'rit^lit liro-.iiis/i ml ; stamiuate anieuts
base of shoots of Fcason; midillc tol>c of stmniiKitc
ciiIyx iiiiicIi proloiiiicil '. yoinn'' loli,ii;c lilncli iiiiii,''
ill ilryiiii^, /'iihcscciil -vlicii yoiiiii;-. becoming smooth,
ciliiitc. r:itli tc;:' resinous ^•'loliili s on lo:.cr siirltici- ;
leaflets 5, occasionally 3, lanceolate, the upper 3+ '-
1%' wide, 2,\i'-b' long; lower pair often smaller;
fruit ovoid, mncli Jlotti iial. '+ ' or more long; husk
very thin, rugose, coriaceous, usually not splitting;
lint ivliilc. somewhat angled; slirll tliin aud clastic :
seed large, sweet and edible.
A small tree of dry uplands, growing with oaks and
Ificoria microcarpa. Southern [ind eastern MicliJKan.
east to licUe Isle, Detroit river, I'robably alno in
southern Ontario.
12.
1836.
[Vol. i: p. 537.] 2a. NESTRONIA Raf. New Flora, 3:
[Daruv.x a. CTray, Am. Journ. Sci. (II) 1; .vSS. 1846.]
A low glabrous dioecious shrub, with opposite short-petiolcd, oblong to ovate entire leaves.
Staminate flowers small, in axillary peduncled umbels; calyx top-shaped, 4-5-clcft, the lobes
spreading, each with a tuft of wool; stamens as many as the calyx-segments and opposite
them; disk crenate. Pistillate flowers solitary in the axils, short-pcduncled; calyx narrowly
top-shaped, 4-lobed; statuens4; style short, 4-lobed; ovary adnata to the calyx. I'ruit aii
oval i-seedcd drupe. [From the Greek name of Daphne.']
A monotypic genus of the southeastern fnited States.
[Vor,. III.
lickory.
67. 1895.
ickones. In
1,530. 1897.
liiii); a tnax-
nicte : of 2°,
jark. Hulls
lall) thickly
inner sonic-
bud ovi.te,
if'i'd; stani-
I and snir/'
iliootsof the
ess, usually
tiole pubes-
iid I'liiiitf/i
itii ii-siiioiis
lit about l'
liKfk- J,'//,;/
and partly
mgled; seed
e to Georgia
Wood hard,
foot 50 11)S.
r ; nut light
ies. i8()6.
; of resinous
ountains.
1836.
11 lire leaves,
ft, the lobes
ud opposite
yx narrowly
;. Fruit an
Vol,. III.]
APPENDIX.
513
X. Nestronia umbellula Raf.
Nestronia. (Fig. 1276a.)
Xesliitnia umhelltila Kaf. New I'lora, y. 13. 1.H36.
Darbya iimbellulala A. Ciniy, Am. Journ. Sci. ^\\. )
1:388. 18.(6.
Shrub i°-3° high, branching. Leaves thiu,
I '-2' long, acute or obtuse at the apex, narrowed
or rounded at the base, pinnately veined, bright
green above, petioles i "-3" long; peduncles of
the stauiinate 3-9 flowereil umbels filiforni,
nearly or quite one-half as long as the leaves,
the pedicels about 1" long, eciualling the green
calyx; stamens shorter than the oblong-ovate
calyx-segtnents; pistillate calyx glaucescent,
about 3" long, the lobes much shorter than the
tube; drupe about Yz' in diameter.
In woods and along streams, Virginia to (korgia
and .Alabim.i April l\I;iy
[Vol. i: p. 538.] la. Asarum acu-
minatum (Ashe) Bickiiell. Long-tipped
Wild Ginger. (Fig. 1277a.)
A. Canadciisi' vnr.'iiiuiiiina/itm Ashe. Oct. 1897.
Similar to. I. CiiHiit/c//sc hut more pubescent,
at least when young. Leaves thin and mem-
branous, reniform-cordate and acutely short-
pointed or broadly reniform and blunt, at first
densely cinerous tomentulose on the lower sur-
face, less so when old, the larger veins often
densely divaricate- pubescent, giving the leaves
beneath a coarsely white- reticulated appearance;
i(i/y\-/(i/>is miiili loiigir thitii in A. Canadciisc
iiiiif iliillir briK.iihli-f'iiyf'h. caii<hi/c-(iciimina/i\
ill- //iii^'i-Hii/,-, till- fhinlfi- /i- nil ilia /io)is ii'dii-'rd-
s/<nii(liiii;-, iif/,11 //ixiiiuis, 5"-Io" loiitr.
Rich woods, Minnesota and Wisconsin to Iowa,
Indiana and Dliio. JIay-June.
[Vol. i: p. 538.] lb. Asarum reflexum Hicknell
Ginger. (Fig. 1277b.)
Asarum lejlcxiiin liicknell, Hull. Torr. Club, 24:
,S33- pi- y'7- "Sgr-
similar to A. Ciiiuk/cusi', more loosely pubes-
cent, rootstocks tnore elongated, slender. Leaves
reniform, broader than long, the basal sinus shal-
low or deep, obtusely pointed, the upper surface
commonly nearly glabrous, the petioles often
nearly glabrous in age ; flowers smaller than
those of A. (\ni,i<l,iisi\ the calyx-tube white
within; /(>/'i'.« of tin' culys-limb ruily iif/ixcd, pur-
plish-brown, 4"-5" long, about as long as the
tube, tiiiiii<,nil(ir, with a straight obtuse tip, i"-
2" long.
In rich woods, along streams or river valleys,
often forming large patches, Coiniecticut and south-
eastern New York to Iowa, North Carolina, Mis-
souri and Kansas. April May.
Asarum reflexum ambiguum Hickiiell, Hull. Torr.
Club, 24; ,SV5- 1897.
Leaf-blades short and very broad, with a wide,
often rectangular sinus; calyx-lobes narrower and
longer, 6"-8" long, the straight tip 2" -.\" long,
sometimes extending back to the base of the <vary.
Michigan, Illinois and Miss-uri.
33
Short-lobed Wild
AI'I'l'XDlX
1\<)|.. III.
[Vnl. 2: J). II. J iia. Silene conica I,
Striate, or Corn Catchlly. ( Fig. 1450a. )
Silfii)' conica I,. Sp, PI. |i^. 1755
\iiiiuiil, caiiesceiU or pu!)eriileiit; steins solitary,
(ir several tojiether, erect, rointuoiily forked above,
(t' -^.\' liinli. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, sessile,
I !i' lonK, or less, about ij^" wi<le; inflorescence
cyinose; flowers 1 -several; pedicels '4' i' long; ((//i\
I'ytiii/. ii'iiiii/ii/ i>r /iiiii'ii/r ill tin hn" . iIihmIy iihoiil
30 III r-.til. its teeth trianfjnlar-snliulatc; f<, liih ;•.'».
iilnonliiii : capsule ol)lonj;-ovoid, distending the calyx
and nearly equallin.t; it.
Clyde. < ihid. .\dventivr or n;iturali/i(l from Kurope.
June July.
[Vol. 2: p. 60.] 3a. Delphinium
Nelsoni Greene. Nelson's I.arkspm.
(Fig. i5f.4a.;
I)flt>hiiiii(»i Xehoiii C'.rtHtic, I'ittonia, 3: <)-'. l^l/l.
Finely puberulent, at least above; stem slen-
der, simple, S'-Ij,° high I'litiii ,1 ilii'lir Hi III/; I -
litis ritolf near the surface of the ground. Leaves
firm, l/ic lii-ccir /'iiliili ly ili:iilril into liin or lohrs
or segments, long-petioled, the petioles sheath-
ing the stem, the upper short-petic>le<l, less di-
vided; flowers in the upper axils and forming a
loose terminal raceme, blue, slightly villous,
slcnder-pedicellcd; lower pedicels i' 2' long,
longer than the flowers; sepals oblong, shorter
than the slemler spur; /.•:. .;/,/<// 2-. A//. :.////
II tuft ol hoiis ol'oiit tin- niiililli : folliil ■< i, up-
pressed-pubescent; seeds wing-angled above
Wyominjf, western Nibra-ka ami Colorado, M.iy Jinii-.
[Vol. 2: p. 117.] 10a. MYAGRUM I,. Sp. PI. f>4o. 175:,.
.\n annual glabrous glaucous branching herb, with entire or undulate oblong to lanceo-
late leaves, the lower petioled, the upper sessile and deeply auricled at the base. I'lowers
small, yellow, in elong.iting racemes; pedicels short, erect ascending, bractless. Sepals
nearly erect. Petals short; longer stamens .somewhat connate in pairs. Silicle obcuncate
to spatnlate, flattened, indehiscent, falsely .vcellcd, i-
sccded, tipped by the short style. .Seed pend\ilous;
lotvlcdons incumbent. [Oreck, a fly-trap. |
A moiiotypic genus of soiitluTii an<l central ICurope and
wi— lern Asia.
^i^^-^
Myagrum perfoli^tum L.
( Fig. i69ija.)
Myagrtim.
Mviii^i H»i prifolialuni I.. Sp. IM. 'iio. ly.s.v
Lower leaves oblong, narrowed into petioles; upper
loaves 2'-5' long, Ji'-l' wide, obtuse or .-jcutish at the
apex, the basal auricles mostly rounded; racemes, in
fruit, elongating to several inches in length; pedicels
I "-2" long, 2-3 times shorter than the pods, equalling
oralittlc longer than the calyx; longer stamens about
c(|ualling the petals.
Ill waste l)lacis jibout (Juibcc. I'llRitive or advenlivt-
froin I'Mirope. Sumimr,
AI'l'I'NIUX
Vol. hit
[Vol. 2: \h 139. 1 la. Camelina micro-
carpa Amli/. vSiiinll-fruitcd I'";il.sc llax.
(FiK. 1753a.)
Caiiicliiia viiciiuai f>a Amliv, ; DC. Sysl. 2: sT- i"^2i-
Camrlimi .■iyhrsli is Walli. Silad, Crit. ;^\-. \^22.
Stem pubescent, at least below, simple or
with few elongated branches. Leaves lanceo-
late, sessile, aiiriiled, or the lower narrowed at
the base; fniiliiii;- nuinii ■< nun h rloui^uli il , often
1° long or more; pedicels relatively somewhat
shorter than those of ('. -iiii-n : f'od <ii,(illir,
nilhir m<ii- jliiUiihil. 2"-3" loll},', stron};ly
margined.
Ill wnsti- plai-is. KI1111U' Island to \\\sl \iteiiii,i.
Id dn>. Hritisli Coliiiiibia and Kansas. Natiiralizi d
111 adviiitive iKmi ICiiropc May July.
[Vol. 2: p. 154.] 37a. CONRINGIA Link, lumni. 2: 172. 1S22.
.\n erect glabrous annual herb, with elliptic or ovate entire leaves, sessile and cordate at
the base, and middle sized yellowish white flowers in terminal racemes. .Sepals and petals
narrow. Style 2-lobcd or entire. ,Sili(iucs elongated-linear, angled, the valves firm, 1-3-
nervcd. .Seeds in 1 row in each cell, oblong, niargiiiless; cotyledons iiicnmbeut. [lu honor of
Hermann Conriiig, i6(i() 16S1, Professor at IIeliiist;idt.]
I. Conringia orient£klis (L. ) Du-
inort. lIarL''s-ear, Treacle Mustard.
(FiR. 1790a.)
Iliassica m ir/i/o/is I, Sp. PI. (>6G. I7.S.^
/■'. />f;/(i//rt////;/ Craiit/, .Stirp. .Aust. i 27. 17O2.
Iliassica pei foliala Lam. luicycl. i: ~\^. 17HV
1:1 ysimion 01 uiitate R. Br. IInil, Kew. ICd. 2, 4:
117. 1S12.
O'lii iiif;i<i pi'i t'oliala Link, Ivnuiu. 2: 172. 1822.
(". 01 ienlalis. Duniorl. I'l. I!el(f. 12^. 1S27.
.Stem usually erect, simple, or somewhat
branched, i°-3" high. Leaves light green,
obtuse at the apex, 2'-,s' long, ','-2' wide,
the up])cr smaller; racemes at first short,
much elongating in fruit; pedicels slender,
ascending, .i"-S'' long; petals about 'i'long;
nearly twice as long as the sepals; pods 3'-5'
long, about \" wide, .(-angled, spreading.
In waste i)laces, Michigan and MiiiiK-.sota to
llie N'ortliwest Territory, and on the Atlantic
Coast froiii Nvw lirunswick to Pennsylvania.
Recently becotne a bad weed in the Northwest.
[\'ol. 2: p. 216. J
mila Poir.
23a. Potentilla pu-
Dwarf Five-finger.
(Fig. 1 935-1 •)
p. pumiUi I'oir. in Lam. ICnc. Metli. 5: ,S'.U. }'^A-
/'olciililla Canadensis var. puiiiila T. & t".. Fl. N.
A. i; 1(3. 1S40.
Low perennial herb, seldom more than a few
inches high; flowering stems at first very short
and upright; later in the .season producing «.»/.
•-liiKlir pios/iii/, niiiiiiis: -..holi- f<laiit ,1, lively
silky sti-ii;i>s, : basal leaves digitately 5 foliolate,
on slcn<ler petioles; stem-leaves few and often
only3-foliolate; leaflets obovate, sharply serrate,
5i6
.Vri'KNDIX.
[Vol,. III.
usually less than i' long; stipules suiali, Iniu-eolatc; llowcrs few, on slender i-llo\vereil axil-
lary peduncles, //«•//;•«/ miKil/y li inn tin- it\il nl lli<- jhsl itiiii-hiif, yellow, .^"-J" broad; petals
broadly obovate, slightly exceeding the narrowly lanceolate, sul)-e(inal sepals and bractlets;
stamens about 20; style terminal, tilifonn.
In poor soil, New ICngland to I'ennsylvaniii. Clostly related to /' Canadnnis. but dilTeriiiK in
its smaller size, denser and perfeelly appressed piibescenee, earlier blooming, and the laek of the
long adsurgent stems cliaractcristic of that speeies.
m
t* ■ ■
74 ■•
[Vol. 2: p. 218.] la. Waldsteinia parvi-
fldra Small. J-'JUthern Dry Strawberry.
(Fig. I939n.)
U'aldslehiia pam'Jloni Small. Hull. T.irr. Club, 2$: n7-
Perennial by liori/.ontal rootstocks, villous-hirsute,
or glabrous in age. Leaves basal, 5'-i2' high; peti-
oles much longer than the blades, usually less den.sely
pubescent than the scapes; leaflets cuneate-obovate or
broadly rhomboidal, i^i'-V long, coarsely and irregu-
larly crenatc or lobed; scapes erect, solitary or sev-
eral together, commonly shorter than the leaves, cor-
ymbose at top; calyx usually hairy, //ic tiilu- htoiully
liiihiiiiili-. \%"-\]'i" hi}ii:.\.\\c segments triangular-
lanceolate, or lanceolate-acuminate, often shorter than
the tube; fctah liiiciir-o/'i'ons^ or imno-.vly i7/////i .
^hoitii- Ihiin the calw-^ijrmi iits or hnnly !oiii;ir :
iiJiciii-f ohovoid. \)i" long.
In woods and shaded soil, soiitluvestern Virginia to
North Carolina, Tetniessee and Cii-ornia. .\seends to 2100
feet in \'irginia. Mareh-May.
[Vol. 2: p. 256.] 3a. PROSOPIS L. Maiit. i: 10. 1767.
Trees or shrubs often with spines in the axils, with 2-pinnatc leaves, the pinnules fewer nu-
merous, and small spicate or capitate perfect flowers. Calyx campanulate, with 5 short teeth.
Petals 5, valvate, distinct, or connate below. Stamens 10, distinct; filaments long. Ovary
often stalked, many-ovuled; style slender or filiform; stigma very small. I'od linear, straight
or curved, compressed, leathery, iiidehiseent, the mesocarp spongy or dry. vSeeds flattened.
f.\ncient name for some very dilferent plant.]
About 15 species, natives of warm and tropical regions. Besides the followiiiK. 2 01 ^ others
oi-eur in the soiitlnvestern I'nited .States.
I. Prosopis glandulosa Torr. Prairie Mcscpiitc. ( I'ig. 2032a)
Prosopis glaiidiilosa Torr. Ann. I,yc. N. V. 2: ii)2.
pi. .'. 1828.
.■\ glabrous or minutely pubescent shrub, the
axils usually with a pair of sharp spines. Leaves
petioled, with 2 spreading short-stalked pinnae,
each of numerous sessile pinnules; pinnules lin-
ear or linear-oblong, entire, acute or obtuse,
mostly tnucronulate, firm, veiny, ^'-2' long,
\"-2" wide; spikes or spike-like racemes axil-
lary, often numerous, peduncled, very densely
many-flowered, 2'-^' long, nearly yi' thick; pedi-
cels yi"-!" long; calyx campanulate; petals 2-4
times as long as the calyx; ovary villous; pods
linear, stipitate, 4'-8' long, 4'''-6" wide, con-
stricted between the seeds.
Kansas to Texas, Arizona and Mexico. Appa-
rently distinct from the West Indian P. jxiUflora.
April-June.
Vol,. III.l
AI'IMvXDIX.
517
[\'ol. 2: p. 288.) 4a. Parosela nana
(Torr.) Heller. Low Parosela.
(Imr. 2107a.')
Ihilea iiaiiii Torr.; A. tlray, Mini. Am. Acad. 4:31.
1849.
Parosela nana Heller, Coiitr. I'raiikl. & Marsli. Coll.
1:49. '''94-
Suffrutesi-ent, erect, silky-villous throughout.
Stems several from tlie same root, branched, 3'-io'
higli; leaflets 3-5, rarely 4"-5" long, obovate to
linear-oblong, obtuse or mucronulate, narrowed
at the base, rarely glabrate above, and usually
minutely glandular beneath; petioles as long as
the leaflets; spikes ol'lom,'- o-.oii/, 5"-io" lorn,'-,
short-pcduncled; bracts ovate, mucroiiate or aris-
tate, caducous; unolln \i-llo-..\ ^inmix./inf li>iii;,r
tliiiii till- sr/,inu>ii.i mis/d/i- iiHit f<liiinofc mlyx-liitli ;
Standard shorter than the wings and keel.
Satul hills ami praiiies, Coinaiiclu' Co., Kansas lo
Texas and California.
[Vol. 2: J). 21)4.] la. Kraunhia macro-
stachys (T. tS: G.) Small. Long-clustered
Wi.staria. (Fig. 2120a.)
H'hlaiia fiulesceus var. macii'slachvs T. X: ('■. 1""1. N. .\
1:283. '8vS.
U'is/aiia niacioslacliYS Nutt.; T. iS: ('.. l''l. X. A. i: 2^^.
.\s synonym. iS^S.
K. matros/ai/iys .Siiialt, Hull. Torr. Cliib. 25: i,u. 1^9*^
A vine, sometimes 2o°-25° long. Stem becoming
iV'tliitk. branching; leaves 4'-S' long; leaflets usu-
ally 9, orv/A' A< ,//////i-/,i/ii-,ii/,i/r, r-2'4' long, acumi-
nate, or acute, rounded or cordate at the base; racemes
.S'-i2' long, loosely-flowered, drooping; rachis and
pedicels densely hirsute and glandular; calyx pubes-
cent like the pedicels, the tube campanulate, the srg-
nients lanceolate, la/iriil ouis tihou/ nf li^m; ii^ //if liihi\
lo-:,-i- one /oHift-r ; corolla lilac-purple or light blue;
standard with blade 7" broad, decurrent on the claw;
pods 2'-.\' long, constricted between the black lustrous
seeds,
swamps, Ttiuiissie lo Missouri and .Arkansas, Sprinjf.
[Vol. 2: p. 312.] la. Stylosanthes riparia
Kearney. Decumbent Pencil- flower. (Fig. 2168a.)
Slyloxantlies 1 if>a> ia Kearney, Dull. Torr. Club, 24: 56,5. 18117.
S/ims <fri-iim/)i/if, nr asK /it/i/n;; 3'-l2' long, usually with a
tomentose line on the elongated internodes. Stipules sheath-
ing, subulate above; petioles pubescent; huijhh clll/'lic lo
u/<o-<itc-tiiiiv<i/e, the terminal one 5"-9" long, the lateral ones
somewhat smaller; spikes terminal, about 6-flowered, with
only I or 2 perfect flowers; calyx-tube conspicuously veined,
about 2" long; vexillum proportionately longer than in .v.
hifiont ; Jtoiiil liritc/s ( piophvlhi)- uiu<il/y dci'piy cleft to tin
iiiiilifli', or hoyoinl ( entire in .S". hijloKi'), 2-nerved; upper seg-
ment of the pod nearly twice as broad as in .S'. hi/torn.
In dry woods, Virffinia and Wist Virginia to Alabama and
Tennessee. May Aug.
[Vol. 2; p. 361.] la. ANDRACHNE L. Sp. PI. 1014. 1753.
Herbs, or shrubby plants, with difl"usely branching stems. Leaves alternate, petioled, the
blades often membranous. I'lowers monoecious, axillary, pedicelled, the staminate often
clustered, with a 5-6-lobed calyx, 5 or 6 petals, a glandular or lobcd disk, 5 or 6 stamens and dis-
5iS
Al'l'HNniV.
[Vol, tn.
tiiifl tilaiiiciits; pistillate (lowers solitary, willi a 5 b-loboil lalvx, tiiitiutf ])i'laU or tlit-si'
waiitiiif;; ovary .vi^ellcd; styles stout, 2-rleft or apiirtcd; ovules 2 in each I'avity. Capsules
dry, separating into 3 2-valve(l cirpcls. Sce<! soinewliat curved, rugose; endos|)crtn llcsliy;
embryo curved. [iTom the (ireek for I'ortulaca )
About iiis])ccies, of wide niijt;r,i|)liir tlistribulioii
I. Andrachne phyllanthoides ( Nutt.) Miill. Ar^. Northcni Aiulraclme.
(I'ijj;. 2289:1.)
/.(■/>/(/(j /;////(! (>liylliiiillii>iiles Null. Trans. .\in.
I'hilos. .Si)C. S; I7,> 1*^17-
Aniiiaihiif pTiylliiii/hniilfs Midi. .\r>f. in DC.
I'liidr. 15; I vs. As synonym. |S()2.
A straRKli'iK 'uui'b branched shrub, i"-.^" tall,
with glal)rous lustrous liranclies and minutely
pubescent twigs. Leaves numerous, the blades
obovate or oval, ["-y" long, rctu.se or obtuse
at the apex, often niucronulate, bright green,
paler l)cncalh than above, short-petioled; pedi-
cels fdiforin, ,^"-10" long, glabrous; calyx-seg-
ments oblong-obovate,'/"' J J" long,spreading;
petals of two kinds, those of the staminate flow-
ers narrowly obovate, or oblong-obovalc, 3-5-
toothed, greenish-yellow, tliose of the pistillate
(lowers smaller, broadly obovate, entire; capsule
subglobose, rather fleshy until mature.
On rocky barrens, Missouri to Arkansas and
Texas. Sninniir.
[Vol. 2: p. 363.] 3a. Croton Lindheimeri-
anus Schcele. Liiulheinier's Croton.
(Fig. 22(;2a. )
Cruloii l.i ndliei nieiia II IIS irivhvi^V- , I.imuua, 25:,>Si>. iS:i2.
Somewhat shrubby, whitish-tomentose. Stems
erect, 4'- 15' tall, sometimes diffusely branched; leaves
rather numerous, the blades ovate to oblong-ovate,
Yi'-2' long, obtuse or acutish, green ijbovc, undulate;
petioles almost Yt as long as the blades or shorter;
pedicels I "-3" long, recurving; calyx slightly iiccrcs-
cent, its segments oblong or elliptic-oblong, becoming
2" long, slightly keeled in age; petals pubescent;
capsules oval, 3"-3.J^'" 'Ug, 3-cellcd, tomentose,
truncate-obtuse at both e. . , drooping; seeds oblong-
elliptic, nearly 2" long.
In dry soil, Kansas to Texas and New Me.\ico. .Suniimr.
[\'ol. 2: p. 373.] 8a. Euphorbia hirsuta
(Torr. ) Wiegand. Hairy Spurge.
(Fig. 2314a.)
/C./iy/>fi tii/D/iaviir./iirsu/(iTotr.l'\.N.ii Mid. St. 3,51. 1826.
/■'.iiplioi hill liirsiilii WicKand, Hot. C.az. 24: 51. 1SQ7.
Eufilioihia Ra/uiesi/iii (ireene, I'ittonia, 3: S07. 1897.
Annual, mm-t- or /.■.<>■ Iiiifiilr. Stems branched at the
base, the branches prostrate or decumbent, 2'-io' long,
dichotomous, zig/ag; leaves ovate oblong, 4'''-.S"
long, acutish, serrulate nearly to the oblicjue base, pale
beneath; petioles about %" long; stipules lacerate;
peduncles surpassing the petioles; involucres funnel-
form, Yi" high, glabrous, luaiing 4 stulkcil siiiuii-
</i(i/<i(l diiik-biif.vii irhniJf, nil /t fii/i/i Htiiil hy -vhilc
I niiiitr ii/'/'fiiildi^cs ; capsule about \" in diameter,
broader than long, glabrous, refuse at the apex, its
angles obtuse; seed slightly more than %" long, 4-
angled, black with a white coating, its faces even or
slightly wrinkled.
In sandy or gravelly soil. Quebec and Ontario to Con-
necticut, New York and Pennsylvania. June-Sept.
til.
Vur.. III.]
AriM'.NDIX
Ait.
5"9
j5\,
I
2
[Vol. 2: p. 391.) 4a. Ilex lucida
T. li G. Shiniiijj Inkhcrry.
(l-'iX. 2359a.)
/'i iiios /IK iifiii .\\t. Ilciit. Ki«. I 17H. i7,Sy.
I'l iiios itii iuifiis I'lirsli, l'"l. Am Sept. 221. iHi (.
l/f\ III! iaifii Cliii|>m. l'"l. S. .St.Tli's, 270, i86(i
flf\ /ii(i,/(i T. iS: ('..: .S, Wats. Ilibl, Iiiik-x, I: 150 >^7^
A i;liihriiiiy shrill), 15° liighorless. Leaves thick,
everHrfen, o-.c/ to oho-iiti- m- ,ihhiiii:^, acute at holh
ends, entire, or with a few small sharp teeth, i'-,^'
long, (lark green and sliining above, paler am
dotted beneath, short-pctioled, somewhat viscid
when young; flowers clustered in the axils, or the
staniinate solitary, the cymes sessile; pedicels
bractless, short; calyx-segments 69; (//•«/« hliuk\
3"-4" ill (li.iiiii /,r : nutlets flat, smooth.
Dismal .Swam)), V'ifKiiii.i, In I'lnrida .itul I,ouisiaii:i.
Ajiril Miiy
Kansas to Ti'xas, Coloradn, .Aiiz-oii
I \'()1. 2: p. 423. 1 'a. Sphaeralcea cus
pidata (.\. Gray.) Hrilton. Sharp-
fruited Globe-Mallow. (Hig. 2431a. )
.S7i/(j slillalii Torr. .\ini. I,yr N. V. 2: 171. 1S27.
Not Cav. lHi)2.
Sflidi-'atfra sh-llala T. >S: I".. I'l. N. A. 1: 22S 1838.
S f> /i 11 !• 1 11/ 1 ra (iiii;ii.s/i/'ii/ia var. iiis/>i(/ii/a A. (iray,
I'roc. Am. Acad. 22: 2c).v 1SS7.
Perennial, </iiisi/v .•i/il/d/i-iniirMiii/ ; stems
rather stout, simple, or somewhat branched,
leafy, 1° 4° high. ! ,1 ,i-i< hnncolii li- , limn i-lmi-
,r,i/ii/,. Ill- (i/>/,iiiL;-/iiiiitiiliili . obtuse, or acutish,
(irui, creiiulatc, the lower with petioles as long
as the blade, tlie others short-pctioled, the
larger .:' 4' long, \' -\' wide, sometimes has-
tately lohcd toward the base; /At: ./•> mt. 6"-
Ki" hiiuiiK clustered in the axils, short-pcdi-
celled; carpels 1-3-seeded, m^f'iiliih-. the tip
often deciduous, -..■iiiihh<l kh llir m'i/is. stellate-
caucscent, or glahralc.
1 .111(1 Mexico. April-.\ufr.
Vol.
2: ]). 447. 1 4a. Viola domestica
Bicknell. Yard Viokt.
(Fig. 24S7a.)
(ilabrous; fleshy, acaiilcsccnt, similar to C.
ii/'/i'i/iiii. Rootslock short, or often elongated
and stout; flowering scapes iisiml/y uhlii/iii /y as-
,ri/</iiiir; f'lt.-olis s/oiif, 1-3 times as long as the
blades; blade broadly reniforni, often only a
little cordate or contracted at the base, cucul-
late in unfolding, irregularly crcnate-dentate
orcrenulate nearly all around, mostly wrinkled
and wavy, often 4'-5' wide, somcwliat decur-
rent on the petiole; petals daik blue, the lower
and lateral ones bearded; 'nnclesof clcistog-
amous flowers iisinil/y iiiiuiii-oii:i. Iimi-
ziiiifdl, mostly subterranean, ■■i-iy s/oii/, often
thickened toward the end, bearing pods about
4" long.
Apparently always in cultivated soil, especially
about buildiiiKS. southern New York, New Jersey
and IVnnsylvania. .\pril May.
52>»
APPENDIX.
tVot. III.
[Vol. a: p. 447.] 4b. Viola cucullikta
Ait.' Marsh Hliie Violet. (Fig. 2487b.)
I 'laid lUcullala Ail. Il(irt. Ktu. ?: 2i8. 1789.
Cilabroiis or rarely .., singly piil)esceiit, noaiiles-
ceut; rootstoc'k usuiilly short. I.eaves tliin, lii;/if
j,'/i(//, broadly ovate to reniforin in outline, irrcj^u-
larly ami not deeply crenate-dentate, usually cor-
date, cucnllate in unfolding; blade mostly less than
onehair as long as the petioles; flowering scapes
elongated, usually equalling or e.\ceeding the
leaves; /i /i;.'>7/V////i/"< (sometimes white); /tiimi-
• /is ti/ I /i-i\/(i^(iiii(>iis /A.; r;\ s/viic/i-r, 11 11 /, often its
/miff (IS ///(■ /i //(//i .«, ()/■ /iiiiffir.
In marshes and wet woihIs. Common In the Ka.st
irn and MiiUllc Rtatts. .April-Jutic.
[Vol. 2: p. 448.] 7a, Viola emargi-
nkta (Nittt. ) Le Conte. Triangle-leaved
Violet. (Kig. 2490a.)
Viola saiiillala var. cman;ina/a Nutt. Gin. i: 147.
1818.
I'io/ii rma>xiiia/(i I.e Cimte, Ann. I.\c. N. Y. 2: 1.(2.
1828.
(llti/uoin or :•( V r iicnr/y xi, often growing in
large clumps, siniii/iii/. acaule.scent. Koot
stocks stout; petioles mostly much longer than
the blades; /i/ik/is ti iiuiffu/ni-. or o-it/i-tr!iiiii;ii-
/or ill oii//iiii\ from merely dentate to deeply
cleft, then simulating forms of I', f'o/iiuito ;
flowering scapes about as long as the leaves;
flowers blue, the petals often emarginate; foils
of t lilsloiiiinioiis Jlor.u IS 011 s/iiulir iir,/f;iliiii.
c/rs.
Ill fi'lds atul on hillsides, soullierii N\w York to ViiKini:i.
f
i^a^wem /n ft , l^'"'- 3: p- '2.]
.\pril May.
3ia. Asclepias galioides
H.B.K. Beclstraw Milkweed. (Fig. 2920a. )
Asc/epias ,i;a/ioi,ies H.B.K. Nov. Gen. 3: 188. i8r8.
GlaI:rous, except the minutely pubescent stems and
pedicels. Stctns erect, 1° high or more, from a horizon-
tal rootstock; leaves erect or spreading, in whorls of 2-6,
«(?;■/<. .•:7i' /iiiiiir. 2'-^' /oii<:^,//ic iiuirffi'iis rivo/iitr ; pedun-
cles longer than the pedicels and shorter than the leaves;
umbels 9"-i3" in diameter; flowers greenish-white; co-
rolla-segments 2" long; hoods as high as the authcis,
l>roadly rouuded at the summit, dorsally hastate-sagittate,
the ventral margins slightly involute, entire; horn arhim;
from /hi' /uisr of tin- liooit. /onir-c\si'rfrti ovrr the mit/icrs ;
anther-wings minutely notched at the base; follicles
erect on erect fruiting pedicels, attenuated, 2'-2}^' long,
glabrous or minutely puberulent.
Kansas to Colorado, Arizona and Mexico. May-July.
Vol.. III.]
Arri'NDix.
521
[Vol. 3: p. gS.] la. Stachys Germanica
L. l>o\viiy Woiiiidwort. Muii.se-car.
(FiR. 3122a.)
Slac/iy
' Ditiiiitii I,. S]), ri. ,sSi.
" 75,1.
.Viimi.il ; ^Iciii erect, simple.or soiiicw lull l)r;ilii'lie(i, J '
l°-3" lli);ll, (/,ii<i/y ■ I'llitiit. /.'iirrs o-.'iil. (>r'./A' or
Idmcihii/, , I ifii(ifi-<lin/iiti\ ri/fniK, the loxvi'f roiitiil-
rd or sii/'ii>ri>ii/i' 11/ //ir /'ii<i', l(mK-])eti(ilc(l, iiuislly
obtuse at the apex, the iippi-r short jictiokd or ses-
sile, narrowed at both ends; clusters of llowcrs dense,
borne in nioit of tlie axils; bracts lanceolate, half
as loliK -IS the calyx; calyx-teeth ovate, acuminate,
awned; corolla purple, its tube about as lonj,' as the
calvx.
Roail-iiilru ni-.H Ciiu'lpli, Oiiliirii
llurupi , liilv-Sfpt.
.XtlvcMlivc rnmi
[\'ol. 3: p. 411.] 7a. Parthenium
auricul^tum Hritton. Auricled
Parthenium. (Fig. 3875a. )
Koolstock ini oviil I'rcct tuber twice as long
as thick; firm ■;il!oiis-/'iihrsri-ii/, I^i^-J'i" high.
Leaves rou^h above, villous, especially on the
veins beneath, oval, ovate or oblong, irregularly
/ ^ creuatc-dentate, some or all of them laciniate
or pinnatifid at the base, the basal and lower
slender-iiefioled with petiole as long as the
blade, or longer, ///<• w//(V -vi'/fi a fr^si'/r closp-
r'liff oiiricleil /m^c, or with margined clasping
petioles; inflorescence densely corymbose, its
branches villous-toinentose; bracts of the invo-
lucre densely canescent.
Near Clarksville, Va. i \V. \V. Aslic, No. 2400),
.Mleghany Mountains (H. H. Katon, 1831 ).
SUMM.VRV.
Families. Genera. Species.
I'Ti'KiDciriivr.v II 30 115
Spi;RM.\Tf>rHYTA
Gynmospermae 2 10 27
Angiospennae
.Vonocolyledones 2S 217 1058
J'>icotyl''doncs
Choripetalae 92 4''^ 1601
Ganiopetalae 44 37'^ 1361
TnTAi 177 ii<\3 4162
I'IC.URK.S I-4081
" Appendix 81
Total 4162
Glossary of Special Terms.
iKi
Acaulescenl. Willi stem subterranean, or nearly
so.
Acciinihenl. Cotyledons with margins folded
against the hypi c ityl.
Ailiene. A dry one-seeded indehiscent fruit with
the pericarp tightly fitting around the seed.
Acicular. Needle-shaped.
Acuminale. Gradually tapering to the apex.
Acule. Sliarp pointed.
Adnale. An organ adhering to a contiguous dif-
fering one; an anther attached longitudinally
to the end of the filament.
Advenlive. Not irdigenous, but apparently be-
coming naturalized.
Albunttn. See l-Uidi^sperm.
Alliaceous. Onion-like, in aspect or odor.
Alternate. Not opposite; with a single leaf at
each node.
Alveolate. Like honeyeomb; closely i)itted.
Anient. A spike of impeifect flowers subtended
by ncarious bracts, as in the willows.
Amfiliittiotis. At times inhabiting the water.
Amf>hitiof>ous. Term applied to tlie i)artly
inverted ovule.
A mfiteviiaul. Clasping the stem, or other axis.
A>iaslomosinf^. Connecting so as to form awell-
detined network.
Aniitio/>oiis. .\pplied to an inverted ovule with
tlie micropyle very near the hilum.
Androi^ynoiis. Klower clusters having .stamin
ate and pistillate flowers.
An)^io.s^ernii>ii.s. I'ertaining to the .Vngio-
spennae; bearing seeds within a pericarp.
A nt/ier. The part of the stamen which contains
the pollen.
Antliertd. The male organ of reproduction in
Pteridophyta and liryophyta.
Anlhesi.t. Period of flowering.
Apetali'iis. Without a corolla.
Apical. At the top, or referring to the top.
Apiciilale. With a minute pointed tip.
Apptessed. Lying against another organ.
Ai hoiescent. Tree like, in size or shape.
Arclienonr. The female reproductiv<- organ in
Pteridophyta and liryophyta.
Areolate. Reticulated.
Airnlatioii. The system of meshe ; in a net-
work of veins.
Areole. A mesh in a network of veit.s.
Aril. A fleshy organ growing about tre hilum.
Aritlate. Provided witli an aril.
Aristate. Tipped by an awn or bristle.
Aristulate. Diminutive of aristale.
Ascendiui^. Growing obliciuely ui)ward, o' up-
curved.
A.^exual. Without sex.
Assiirgent. See Ascendini^.
Auricled. ( .4uriciilate)w'\i\\ basal ear-like lobes.
Aun. A slender bristle-like organ.
Axil. The point on a stem immediately above
the base of a leaf.
Avile. In the axis of an organ.
Axillary. Borne at, or pertaining to an axiL
Jiaccate. Berry-like.
liarhellale. Kurnished with minute barbs.
Basifixed. Attached by the base.
Berry. A fruit with pericarp wholly pulpy.
liilabiale. With two lips.
IHpinnate. Twice pinnate.
Pipinnatifid. Twice pinuatifid.
Blade. The flat expanded part of a leaf.
Brad. A leaf, usually small, subtending a
flower or flower-cluster, or a sporange.
Bracleate. With bracts.
Bracleolale. Maving bractlcts.
Bractlel. A secondary bract, borne on a pedicel,
or immediately beneath a flower; oometimes
applied to minute bracts.
Bulb. A bud with fleshy scales, usually subter-
ranean.
Hull^tet. S. sm.ill bulb, especially those borne
on leaves, i>r in their axils.
Buli.nis. Similar to a bulb; bearing bulbs,
CadiiCous. Falling away very soon after devel-
opu'ent.
Cacspitoae. Growing in tufts.
Callosity. A small, hard protuberance.
Callus. An extension of the inner scale of a
grass spikelct; a protuberence.
Caly f. The outer of two scries of floral leaves.
Campanutatc. Kell -shaped.
Caiiipylotropous. Term applied to the curved
ovule.
Cancellate. Reticulated, with the meslus sunken.
Canescnit. Withgray or hoary fine pubescence.
Canaliculate. Channelled; longituilinally
grooved.
Capitate. Arranged in a head; knob like.
Capsular. Pertaining to or like a capsule.
Capsule. A dry fruit of two carpels or more,
usually dehiscent by valves or teeth.
Cariuate. Keeled: with a longitudinal ridge.
Carpel. The modifiL-d leaf forming the ovary,
or a part of a compound ovary.
Cat uncle. .Vu appendage to a seed at tl'.e hilum.
Caruinulate. With a caruncle.
Caryopsis. The grain; fruit of grasses, with a
thin pericarp adherent to the seed.
Caudate. With a slender tail-like appendage.
Caudex. The persistent base of perennial
herbs, usually only the part above ground.
Caudicle. Staik of a pollen-mass in the Orchid
and Milkweed Kamilies.
Cauline. Pertaining to the stem.
Cell. .\ cavity, of an anther or ovary.
C/iafi'. Thin dry fcales.
Cliata:a. The base of the ovule.
Chartaceous. Papery in texture.
Chlorophyll. Green coloring matter of plants.
Ctilorophyllous. Containing chlorophyll.
Ciliate. Provided with marginal hairs.
Ciliolate. Minutely ciliate.
Cilium. A hair.
Cinereous. Ashy; ash-colored.
Circinnate. Coiled downward from the apex.
Circuiuscissile. Transversely dehiscent . the top
falling away as a lid.
Clavate. Club-shaped.
Cleisli>iranious. Flowers which do not open, but
are pollinated from their own anthers
Cleft. Cut about halfway to the midveiii.
''Itnandrinni. Cavity between the anther -acs
in orchids.
Cochleate. Like a snail shell,
i '"Wrt. Tuft of hairs at the ends of some '^ceds.
Comntid'ire. The contiguous surfaces of two
carpels.
Conduplicate. Folded lengthwise.
Confluent. Blended together.
Connate. Similar organs more or less united.
Connective. The end of the filament, between
the anther-sacs.
Connivent. Converging.
Convolute. Rolled around or rolled up longi-
tudinally.
Coralloid. Resembling coraL
Cordate. Heart shaped.
Coriaceous. Leathery in texture.
Conn. A swollen fleshy base of a stem.
Corolla. The inner of two series of floral leaves.
Corona; Cro:cn. An appendage of the corolla;
a crown-like margin at the top of an organ.
Coroni/orm. Crown-like.
Corvmh. A convex or flat-topped flower-cluster
of the racemose type with pedicels or rays
arising from different points on the axis.
Vol. in.]
GLOSSARY.
5^3
Cort'Hihosr. HoriiL in coryiiil)>. corymb like.
Cos/a/e. Kilibeil,
Ciilylfiliiii. A riKlinicMilaty k'ai' nf tlif onihryo.
Creiiiilr. Siallopril ; with roiiiukd ti'Ctli.
Cieniilalc. Diininiilivf of ctiiialv.
CriisliKi-iiiis. lliiid and britllf.
Cuiiilhi/i. Hooded, or resiniMiiif; a hood.
I'lihii. The sum ol' grassts and -iidKcs.
Ciiiii\i/f. \VcdK«' !*hai)( d.
( '«T/>- A sliarp slilT jioiiit.
('iis/>i<{ii/e. Sliarpiiointfd: etidiiiK in a cnsp,
( yiiii: A (.- tnvi x or (1 il (lowirchi-ltrof the<liter-
niinaU type. the central llowers first nnloIdiiiK.
Cliiic.w. .Vrr.ini;ed in cymes; cyme like.
Jfeciiliii'iis. l'"allinK away at the close of the
KrowiiiK peiiud.
DiwimfioiDni. More th.in once divided.
J)i\u»ihi->il Stems or liranches in an inclined
position, bill the end ascendiiiK
J^iiiii II nl. .Applied to the pro1on(;ation of an
orir.in. or pait of an orRan niiinini; alonjf the
sides of another.
Ofllfxid. Turned abrnptly downward.
nehiscrncr. The opening of .in ovary, anther
sac or sporaiige to emit the eoiileiils.
Pehhtt'nl. ( ipenins to emit the contents.
Ptiloitl llro.idly triangiil.ii, like the C.rec k let
tcr delta, A.
Ih-nlolc. Toothed, especially with onlwardly
projectitu; teetli.
]h>iliiiiltt/<\ Dimimitive of dentate.
Depaupi'i ale. Impoverished, small.
J^i-f'i fsied. Vertically llaltened.
Detiiot w. Spir.illy ascending to the rinht
Jhiiilil^lii'ii^. St.muns iiniled into two sets.
/)i'!ii(i>i>ii\. Ilavinj; two stamens.
/>i,/iii/i.)iiiii'is. I'orkiiiK regularly into two
nearly eciiial branches or segments.
Dicitlyieiloiiitii.'i. With two cotyledons
/)ii/\ iiiiUis Twin-like; of two nearly equal
seifments.
Diijii\e. Loosely spreadinir.
Diiiilalf. Diverpinjf. like llic finders spread.
Dinioi f'liotis. Of two fmins.
/li'irnKns. lie.iriiisr staniinate llowers or an-
therids on one plant, and pistillate llowers or
arclieeones on another of the same species.
Pisi'oiii. Heads of c'ompositae cominised only
of tubular llowers; rayless; like a disk.
Disk. An enlarnemeiil or prolotmalion of the
leceptacle of a flower around the base of the
pistil; the head of tubular flowers in Com-
positae.
Pi ua'lfd I )ividcd info many seRrtients or lobes.
Piisffiniiiiil. A partition-wall of an ovary or
fruit.
Ph/idioiis. .Vrranned in two rows.
Pisliiul. Separate from each other; evident.
Pizai itiite IliverginK at a wide angle.
Piviiifii. Cleft to the base or to the mid-nerve.
Poi. •,(!/. On the b.ick. or pertainiuK to the back.
Piii('at'Ci>its. Drupe like.
Piufe. K simple fruit, usually indehiscent
with llcshv exocarp and bony endocarp.
nrutielel. Diminutive of drupe.
F.iliiiiale. Prickly.
FAlif'soid. \ solid IhmIv, elliptic in section.
F.lhflii. With the outline of an ellipse; oval.
JCiiKuxi'ialf Notched at the apex.
Enibi VII. \ rudimentary plant in the seed.
/iiiibi\iisiii\ The niacrospore of the flowerinp
plants, contained in the ovule.
Kmlncat ft. The inner layer of the pericarp.
/•'ndi>i;riioti.<. ForminR new tissue within.
Fntiosfierin. The substance surrounding the
embryo of a seed; albumen.
Ensifoim. Shaped like n broad sword.
F.nliie. Without divisions, lobes, or teetli.
Etihrmeral. Continuing for only a day or less.
F.pigvnoun. .\dnate to or borne on the upper
part of the ovary,
F.piphylic. Growing on other plants, but not
parasitic.
Equilant. Folded around each other; strad-
dling.
I'.iose. Irregularly margined, as if gnawed.
Eiaiirscfnl. Karly disappeaiing.
Ex'eifii eeii. Hearing green leaves throughout
the year.
Evitii iriil. Witli a tip projecting beyond the
main part of the organ
/■' I lnlialiii.i; . Peeling (iir in layers.
/.' I mill ft. The outer layer of liie pericarp.
JC ii^<;riiiiiis. pormiiig new tissue outside the
older.
E i.u'i/id. Prolonged past surrnunding organs.
I'.x slif>ulali- Without stipules.
/•-' i7;i'/.V(' iMciiig outward.
I'll 1 1 ale, .Scythe shaped.
Fii null < 'III i. .Starchy, or containing starch.
Fii.u il /f. A dense duster.
J'listiilfii. llonie in (ktise clusters.
FiK/ii; iii/i. Steins or branches which are
ncaily erect and close togt tlier.
I iitf\liiili: With window like markings.
h'fitiU'. Hearing spores, or bearing seed.
I'ci lilr.ixlioii. The niiiigliiig of the contents of
a male and female cell.
/'/•I I iii^iiiiuis. Color of iron rust.
h'elid. Ill smelling.
I'ibi illo!.,-. With lilir. s or fibre-like organs.
I'lliiiiii-iil. The stalk of an anther; the iwofoim-
ing the stamen
I'lhiiufiiloii.t. Composed of thread like struc-
tures: thread like.
I'll I/', 1 1 III. Thread tike.
I'liiihi iiile. With fringed edges.
h'iiiihi illiilc. Minntelv fringed
h'isliiliii . Hollow and cylindric.
I'liihi'llali'. I-'an-shapcd. or arranged liki the
sticks of a fan.
I'Uiicid. I.ax; weak.
Flrxiii^ii. .\lternalely bint in dilTcrent direc-
tions.
/■7(>(( me. With loose tufts of wool like hairs.
I'niiiiii-oiit. .Similar to leaves.
loliiiliilr. With separate le.iflets.
I'i'llulc. \ simple fiiiit dehiscent along one
suture.
i'olliculai-. Similar to a follicle.
I'oxrule. l\ivioliili\ More or less pitted.
I'lie. Sepirate from other organs; not adnate.
I'liuid. The leaves of ferns.
/•'; iili:ufnl. /'i iilini.ff. More or less shrub-like.
J-'iii;iuii>ii.'i. Falling soon after di vcloj inent.
I'iii;ili:-e Planis not native, but occurring
here and there, without dirtct evidence of be-
coming established.
J'liiiii iiliis. The stalk of an ovule or seed.
I^imfoi III. Spindle-shaped.
Giilea. A hood like part of aperianlh orcorolla.
Calealc. With a galea.
Oaiiiilof'liyle. The sexual generation of plants.
(riiiiiit/irliilons. With pet.ilsmore or less united,
(Ifiiiiiia. .\ buil-like propagative organ.
(I'l/'hoii.':. luilargcd or swollen on one side.
(iliihrali. Nearly without hairs.
(II11/11011.K. Devoid of hairs
liliidiiiti: Like a swor<l blade.
Gland. A secreting cell, or group of cells.
Glandular. With glands, or gland like.
Glmiii'iis. Covered with a fine bluish or white
bloom ; bluish-hoary.
Gli'hiixe. Spherical or nearly so.
Glonitiale. In a compact cluster.
Gloinei iile. \ dense capitate cyme,
ifliimacfoiis. Resembling glumes.
Gliinir. The scaly bracts of the spikelets of
grasses and sedges.
Oiaiiiilose. Composed of grains.
GteKarious. Growing in groups or colonies.
Gynnbase. A prolongation or enlargement of
the receptacle, supporting the ovary.
Ilabil. General aspect.
Ilabilal. A plant's natural place of growth,
Haslale. ILilberd-shaped; like sagittate, but
with the basal lobes diverging.
Hausloria. The specialized roots of parasites.
Head, ,\ dense round cluster of sessile or
nearly sessile flowers.
524
GLOSSARY.
[Vol.. III.
m
J/i-i Ihtci'iiii^. I.iiif likf in It vliirc- and color;
IKttainiujr l<> an herb.
Jlihim. Till scar or area of allacliniciil of a
sciil or i>vnk-.
Hit suli\ With ratliir coarse slitT liairs.
Jli^fiul. With bristly slilT liairs.
/fiipi\/ii/tiiiK. Dliiiiiiulivc of liisi>ic.l.
Jfvalhif. Tliin and translucent.
Hvt>iHol\l. rile nidiincntary sti in of tlie
embryo; .also lermed ladicli'.
/ 1 r p(\i;y II I II III . Org.in supporliiiR llie ovary in
-nine seil^es.
//i/||'!,'r""">. liornc at the base of the ovary,
or below.
/iiibi iiiilitl. OverlaiipiiiK.
lint>f>fi'il. I'lowi rs with eitlier stain, ns or pis-
tils, not Willi both.
Incised Cut into sharj) lolies.
liuliidid. Not priijeclniK: bevcind surroundin^r
paits. "
lin iiiiilicnl. With the back against the hvpo-
cotyl.
Iiulehiicchl. Not openins;.
Iiidiisiiiiii The nienibrane covering a sorus.
Incqiiilatfi ill. rnei|iial sided.
Inffiioi. Kelatinti to an organ which arises or
is situated below another.
liijicxcd. .\bniptly bent inward.
[iifliii esciiur. The llowerinp part of plants; its
mode of arranticnient.
Itilrgiinifnt. \ coat or protecting layer.
In'ernode. Portion of a stem or i)ranch be
Iween two successive nodes
Iiili'oi sr. I''acinK inward.
In-.i'liUil. \ secondary irvolncre.
/ir.idmralr. With an involucre, or like one.
Involucre. S. wliorl of bracts snbter.diiiK a
llower or dower cluster.
Involute. Kolled inward.ly.
Ii itXiiliii . .\ llower in which o:ie or more of
the organs of the same series are unlike.
I.ahiale. I'rovidtd with a lip like oijjan; bc-
loiigitiK to the family I.abiatae.
I.actniaie. Cut into narrow hjbes or sejrments.
I.iinceolale. Considerably loiiKcr than broail,
tapering ni)waid from the middle or below;
lance shaped.
J.tile.v. The milky sap of certain jilants.
Leaflet. < )nc of tlu divisions of a coin pound leaf.
Legume. \ simple dry fruit dehiscent along
both sutures.
l.enlicular. I.ens shaped
J.HiUlale. Provided with oi resembliuKa lignlc.
J.ivule. A strap shaped organ, as the rays in
Compositae.
l.imh. The expanded part of a petal, sepal, or
(jamopetalous corolla.
Linear. lUoiiKated and narrow with sides
nearly iiarallel.
Lineolale. With (ine or obscure lines.
I.obed. Divided to about the middle.
L.oineiil. .\ jointed leRuine. usually constricted
between the seeds.
I.oculicidal. .Applied to cajjsnles which split
lotiRitndinally.
Lodieulei. Minute hyaline scales subtending
the llower in grasses.
Liinale. Crescent shaped.
I.vrate. I'innatilid. with the terminal lobe or
segment considerably larger than the others.
Mijcro.f/>oran);e. Sporangc eonlainingr macro-
spores.
M'arrosfiiire. Tlie larger of two kinds of spores
Iwrne by a |)lnnt. usually giving rise to a
female prothallinm.
Afarcescenl. Withering but reniainingattaelied.
Medullary. Pertaining to the pith or medulla.
One of the carpels of the I'tnbel
Afericarfi.
li ferae.
Mesocarfi.
Micropvlf.
The middle layer of a pericarp.
Orifice of the ovule, and corrc-
ftporiding point on the seed.
Microsporange. Sporangre containing micro-
spores.
Microspore. The smaller c;f two kinds of spore
borne by a plant, usually giving rise to a male
])rolhallinui; jiolleii grain.
Midvein ( .Midi ib). Tlie central vein or rib of a
leaf or other organ
Monadetplious. Stamens united by their I'lla-
mcnts.
.Monili/'orm. Like a string of beads.
.Monoecious. Hearing stamens and pi-tils on
the same plant, but in dilTercnt flowers.
Monslrou.s. I iiusnal or deformed.
.Miicrimale. With a short shar)) abrupt tip.
.Mucroniilale. Diminutive of mucronate.
Muiicale. Kouglu-ned with short h.ird pro-
cesses.
Mulicoii.i. Pointless, or blunt.
Xaied. Lacking organs or ])arts which are nor-
ii'ally |)resent in related species or genera.
.\alurati:ed. Plants not indigenous to the re-
gion, but so firmly established as to have
become part of the flora.
.\ectarv. \ sugar-seen ting organ.
.Voile. The junction of two internodes of a
stem or branch, often hard or swollen, at
which u leaf or leaves are usually borne.
.Xodose. Similar to nodes or joints; knotty.
.Vodulo.ie. Diminutive of nodose.
.^';//. An indehiseent one-seeded fruit with a
hard or bony jn ricarp.
.\ulhi. Diminutive of nut.
Ohcoi date. Inversely heart shaped.
Oblanceolate. Inverse of lanceolate.
Ohloni;. Longer than broad with the sides
nearl\ i>arallel, or somewhat curving.
Obo:-ate. Inversely ovate.
()tio!'oid. Inversely ovoid.
Ob.uitete. Not evident; gone, rudimentary, or
vestigial.
Oblu.^e. Ulunt, or rounded.
Ochreae. The sheathing united stipules of
Polygonaceae.
Oilireotae. The ochreae subtending flowers in
the Polygonace.ie.
Ocliroleucous. Yellowish white.
Oo.iplieie. The cell of the archegone which is
fertilized by s))crmatozoids.
Operciilate. With an operculum.
Ofierculum. \ li>l.
()rhiculai . .Approximately circular in (Uitline.
Ortiiotropoiis. Term applied to the straight
ovule, having the liilnm at one end and the
mieropyle at the other
Otaiy. The ovule-bearing part of the pistil.
Ovate. In outline like a longitudinal section of
a hen's egg.
Ovoid. Shaped like a hen's egg.
Ovule. The inacrosi)orange of flowering plants,
becoming the seed on maturing.
Palate. The projection from the lower lip of
two-lipped personate corollas.
Palet. .\ bract-like organ enclosing or subtend-
ing the flower in grasses.
Palmate. Diverging radiately like the fingers.
Panicle. .\ c<mipound flower cluster of the
racemose type, or cluster of sporanges.
Paniculate. Home in panicles or resembling a
panicle.
Papilionaceous. Term applied to the irregular
flower of the Pea Family.
Piipillose. With minute blunt projections.
Pappus. The bristles, awns, teeth, etc., sur-
mounting the achene in the Chicory and
Thistle I'amilies.
Parasiltc. Crowing upon other plants and ab-
sorbing their juices.
Parietal. Home along the wall of the ovary, or
pertaining to it.
Parted. Deeply cleft.
Pectinate. Coniblikc.
Pedicel. The stalk of a flower in a flower-
cluster, or of a sporange.
Peduncle. Stalk of a flower, or a flower-duster,
or a sporocarp.
Pedunculate. With a peduncle.
Peltate. Shield-shaped; a flat organ with a
stalk on its lower surface.
[Vor,. III.
ise to a male
ill or rib of a
y tlicir fila-
Is.
(1 i)i-tils (III
)\Vfr>.
nipt tip.
ronatf.
t iKirtl pro-
liuli art- tior-
r Ki'iH ra.
us to the le-
as to liavc
riioiU'S of a
swollen, at
• borne,
; knotty.
fruit with a
1,
X',
li the siile.s
injf-
iinentary, or
stipules of
IK flowers ill
one which is
ar in outline,
the straight
end and the
the pistil,
iial section of
icring plants,
lower lip of
g or subtend-
the fiiiKcrs,
luster of the
anues.
resemblingr a
the irregular
jections,
til, etc., sur-
Cliieory and
lants and ab-
the ovarv, or
in a flower-
lower-cluster,
rgan with a
Vol. in.]
GLOSSARY.
525
Penicillali\ With a tuft of hairs or hair-like
branches.
Perfect. Plowers with both stamens and pistils.
Pei/oliale. Leaves so clasping the stem as to
appear as if pierced by it.
Perianlli. The modified floral leaves (sepals or
petals), regarded collectively.
Pel i,(i>/i. The wall of the fruit, or seed-vessel.
Prrijryniuiii. The utricle enclosing the ovary
or achene in the genus Cm rt:
Pfiifrynoiix. Home on the perianth, around
the ovary.
Pfriphcial. Pertaining to the periphery.
Persistent. Organs remaining attached to those
bearing them after the growing period.
Petal. One of the leaves of the corolla.
Petal, lid. Similar to petals; petal-like,
Petiolate. With a petiole.
Petiole. The stalk of the leaf,
Phyllotle. .\ bhadeless petiole or rachis.
J'ilose. With long soft hairs.
Pinna. .\ jirimary division of a pinnately com-
pound leaf.
Pinnate. Leaves divided into leaflets or seg-
ments along a common axis.
Piniiatifid. I'innately cleft to the middle or
beyond,
Pinuulc. A division of a pinna.
Pistil. The Central org.in of a flower coiUaiiiiiig
the macrosporaiiges (ovules).
Pistillate. With pistils; and usually employed
in the sense of without stamens.
Placenta. .Vn ovule-bearing surface.
Plicate. I'oUkd into plaits, like a fan.
Plumose. Resembling a iilume or feather.
Plumule. The rudimentary terminal bud of the
embryo.
Pollen. Pollen i;iain. See Microspore.
Polliiiia. Tlie pollen masses of the Orchid ami
Milkweed Kamiles.
Polv!:^amous. Bearing hc.'.h perfect and imper-
fect flowers,
Polyftelalous. With separate petals.
Pome. Tlie fleshy fruit of the Apple ramily
J'riHiimhent. Tr.iiliiig or lying on the ground.
Profiliyll!. Ilraetlets.
Protlialliuiii. The sexual generation of I'teri
dophyla.
Puberulenl. With very short hairs,
Puln'scenl. With hairs.
Punctate. With translucent dots or pits.
Pungent. With a sharj) stiff lip.
Pvi i/orht. I'e.ir sliapid.
Raceme. .\ii i!ong,ite<l di terminate flower clu-
ter with eaili flowiT peilieelled.
Pacemi>\i'. In laeeiiies, or resembling a raceme.
A'aclnl/a. The axis of the sjjikelet in gr.isses.
Racliis. The axis of a compound lea.', or of a
spike or laeeme.
Railiant. With the marginal flcwers enlarged
ami ray-like.
Radiate. With ray-flowers; radiating.
Radicle. Tlie rudimentary sli'in of tlie em
bryo; hypooolyl.
Radi, ular. I'ertaining to the radicle or hypo
cotyl.
Raphe 1 Kliahhe'i. The richj^e connecting the lii-
lum .-111(1 ehala/.a of an aiiatropoiis or aiiiphi-
trojious ovule; the rid;j;e on the spoiocirp of
Afaisilea.
Ray. t)ne of the pi-duncles or branches of an um-
bel; the flat marginal flowers in C(Miipositae.
Receptacle Tlie end of the flower stalk, bear-
ing the flor.il org, ins, or, in Compositae, the
flowers: also, in some ferns, an axis bciiring
spoianges.
Recurx'ed. Curved backward.
Retlcied. Ileiil bickward abruptly.
Regular. Having the membjrs of each part
alike in size and shape.
Rent /'or III Kidney- shaped.
Repand. With a somewhat wavy margin.
Reticulate. Arranged as a network,
Retrorse. Turned l)iekward or downward.
Retuse. With a shallow notch at the end.
Rcz'olulc. Rolled backward.
Rliacliis. See A'acliis.
Rlii-ome. .See Rootstock.
.V subterranean stem, or part of one.
The g.iping mouth of a two-lipped
Rootstock.
Rin^'Ciit.
corolla.
Rostelliim.
Rostrate.
Rosulate.
Heak of the style in Orchids,
With a beak.
Like a rosette,
Rotate. With a ,1al round corolla-limb.
Rugose. Wrinkled,
Runciiiate. .Sharply pinnatifid, or incised, the
lobes or segments turned backward.
Sac. \ pouch, especially the cavities of anthers.
.Saccate. With a pouch or sac.
Sagittate. Like an arrow-head, with the lobes
turned downward.
Samara. \ simple indehiscent winged fruit.
Saprophyte. .\ plant which grows on dead
organic matter.
Sca/'ious. Rough.
S<'a/e. .\ miiiiUe, rudimentary or vestigial leaf.
Scape. .\ leafless or nearly leafless stem or i^e-
duiicle, arising from a subterranean part of a
plant, bearing a flower or flower-cluster.
Scapose. I laving scapes, or resembling a scape,
.Scarioiis. Tlii.i, dry, and translucent, not green.
Scorpioid. Coiled up in the bud, unrolling in
growth.
Secund. Home along one side of an axis.
Segment. \ division of a leaf or fruit.
Sepal. One of the leaves of a calyx,
.Septate. Provided with iiartitions.
Scpticidal. \ capsule which split-; longitudi-
nally into and through its dissepiniems.
.Serrate. With teeth projecting forward.
Serrulate. Diminutive of serrate, serr.ile with
small teeth.
Sessile. Without a stalk,
.Setaceous. Ihistle like.
Setose. Itristlv.
.Silicle. .\ siliqu.- much longer than wide.
.Silii/iie. .\n elongated two-valved capsular fruit,
with two p.iri-jtal plac^-iua' , usually dihisceiit.
Sinuate. With strongly w,ivy margins.
.Sinuous. Ill form like the p ilh of a snake.
.Sinus. The sp,u?e between the lobes of a leaf,
Sorus (Soli). .\ group or cluster of sporanges,
.Spadiceous. Like or pertaining to a spadix.
.Spadi \.\ A fleshy si)ike of flowers.
Sfiathaceous. Reseinhling a s]iatlie.
Spathe. \ lir.iet. usiii'.ly more or less concave,
subtciuling .1 spidix.
Spatulate Sh.iped like a spatula; spoon-shaped.
Shermalor.^iils. C'elUdevelojied in the an tin rid.
for the lertili/ation of the o isplure.
.Spicate. .Xrraiiged in a spike; like a spike.
.Spike. .\n elongated llower clusteror cluster of
sporan.ges, u ilh sessile or iieirly sessile flowers
or spin.inges.
Spiketet Diminulive of spike; espjci.iUy ap-
jilied to llower clusters of grasses and sedges,
.Sfiinose. With spinas or similar to spines,
.Sfiiitiile .\ small slurp projection,
Spinulose. Willi small sh.irp processes orsi)ines.
Sporange. .\ sac containing spipic-s,
.Spoie. .\n asexii.il vegct.itivc cell.
Shorocarp. Oty.m coiitainingsporanges or sori,
.Sporophi'te. I'lie asexual generation of plants,
.Spre.i.lini;-. Diverging nearly at right angles;
nearly prostrate.
•Spur. .\ hollow projeclion from a flor.il organ,
.Si/uarrose With spreidingor projeeling parts.
Slaiiien Tlu- organ of a flower wlich bears tlie
microspores 1 poller, grains 1.
Slaminodiuin. .\ sterile stamen, or other organ
in the position of a st.imeii.
Standard, file upper, usually bro.ul, petal of a
papilioiMceous corolla,
Sle/late. Star-like.
Slerii;niata. The projections from twigs, bearing
the leaves in some getieia of I'iiiaceae
Sterile. Without spores, or witlnmt seed.
Stii.'ma. The summit or side of the pistil to
which pollen grains become attached.
526
GLOSSARY.
[Vol. III.
S/ifii\ Tlic stalk (if nil orK.iii.
Siifiiht/i . I'rovided willi a slipe.
S/ipii/is. AppL'iidaKt'S to the base of a petiole.
often adiiate to it
S/ifiiila/i: With stipules.
Stolon. \ basal branch rootintf at the nodes.
Slolonif'iroiis. I'roducinff or bearinn stolons.
Stoma ( Stomata ). The transpiiing orilices in
the epidermis of plants.
Sirifl. Straight and erect.
Striiiose. With appressed or ascending still
hairs.
Strof>liioli\ An appendaee to a seed at the hiluni.
Stroptiiii/dtr. With a strophiole.
St\li\ The narrowed top of the ovary.
Stytopoi/iiim. The expinded base nf a style.
Siiliainti Somewhat acute.
Snhciii i/titi Somewhat heart-s)i ijied.
Sut'coi nil, on V Appro.ichinn leallu ry in te.xture.
Suhfali\it<\ Somewliat scytlie>hapi(l.
Sk/^/'i; II, UK. Somewhat wooily in texture.
Siil)ti II lt\ Nearly terete.
Siihti/iiti: .\wl sli.iped
Suh-.'ersalilf. Partly or inipi rfectly versatile.
Siici iiteiit Soft and juicy,
Suliatr. (Irooved lon^titudinally.
.Sufif) iiir. .Vpplied to the ovarv when free from
the c ily.x ; or to a caly.x adiiate to an ovary.
Stittii I .\ Hue of si)lillinK or openiuK.
Stiii>iietrii;i/. .\pplied to a tlower with its
parts of eipial numbi rs.
Sviuiii/>. .V 11 shy nuiUiple or aKpreg.ite fruit.
Ti'iuln/. A slender coiliiitf orif in.
Ti'ielt' Cir:ular in cross section
Teiiiatf. IJivided into tluee segments, or ar-
rautfed in tlirees.
Tilt ati\ iiiiinous With four Ions: stamens and
two shorter ones.
TlialliK. S. usually 11 it veuet.itive orK.m.
Tliyisoiit. I, ike a thyrsus.
Thvr^iii. .V coni|)act panicle.
Toiiiriitusi'. Covered with tomentum.
7'i>nii'>ilii/o\,\ r)iminutive of toiiieiitose.
Tom, II I II III I)en~e matted wool like h lirs.
Tot\ioii. Twisliiit; of an orii.m.
ToitiioiK. Twisted ot bent.
Traill, III The canals or duets in woody tissue.
Trai'ii ntf. Wood cells.
T> iaiidious. With three stamens.
Tricarfioiu. Composed of three cirpcls.
Trinioi filioifi. riowers with st miens of three
dilTercnt IcuKths or kinds; in three forms.
TiiijitftioHS. Three-sided, the sides channeled.
I'lKinatr. Terminated by a nearly straight
edge or surface.
Tiiher. .A thick short underground branch or
part of a branch.
'J'liheirlr The persistent base of the style in
some Cyperaeeae; a small tuber.
Tiihfiiiilat,\ With rounded projections.
I'liilniiate. Top shaped.
Ili^inoui. Inhabiting mud.
Ihnbel. A determinate, usually convex flower-
cluster, with all the pedicels arising from tlie
same point
I ' III hr 1 1 II 1 1
umbel.
I 'ill bell el.
I 'iiibeUoid
I'liiiiialr.
I'liiliilale.
I'lieolatr.
Home in umbels; resembling an
A secondary umbel.
Similar to an umbel.
Hooked, or in form like a hook.
With wavy margins.
I'rn-shajied.
I'tiiil,\ A bl.idderlike organ; a one-seeded
fruit with a loose pericarp.
i'lilTiili-. Meeting by the margins in the bud,
not ovei lapping: dehiscent by valves.
I'lisiii/iii . Relating to ducts or vesiels.
i't'iii. One of till- br.iuches of the woody por-
tion of leaves or other organs.
J'fiiil, I .\ br.meh of a vein.
ri'liiiii .\ fohl of the inner side of the leaf-
b.isi- in l.\o,iii.
I'liiiliiiiiiK. Wlvety; with dense fine pubes-
cence.
\'i-iialioii. The arrangement of vein".
The arrangement of leaves in the
iialioii.
I 't'i'ii'it ion
Imd
\',i siilil,-. .An anther attached at or n^ar its
inidille to the fil.iment
I'l I III illiilc. Willi three or more leaves or
bri-nches at a node: whorled.
\',sli^iiil. In the nature of a vesti(ie or rem-
nant.
soft hairs, not matted
long
I- 1 1 Ions. With
toijether.
I'iifiiile. Wand like.
ll'lioi!. .\ group of three simil.ir organs or
more, radiatiie.,' from a node. Veiticil.
Wlioiii.l. .See Vertieillate.
Il'iiii;i.t. With a thin e.vp.insion or expansions.
KRRATA.
Vol, I, I'ig 63 I'or " one forked " read once-
forked,"
l"ig, 1 1 (, rirst line, re.id Piuus divaricata I .\it 1
("■onion. The citation is I'iiiik i/traiiKita
tlordon, IMiietum: U)!. iX.s>».
p, 8(), Gi'Ueric description of l.of)li,il,H'arf>m.
after " Perennial " add "or .innnal,'
p. 93. Line 4. Kead "elong:ited. '
Kig. 4fi7. Add /'()(/ />^i Nii,>t>iiil,-ii<is Seribn.
iS: Kydb. Contr. Nat. Herb. 3: s^i. pi. .'«.
181/.,
p. 209, I'nder Sioloi/iloa, for " rickle-likc,"
read "prickle-like "
Fig. 4<j(i. Head PuccineJlia angustata ( R. Hr 1
Redf. «: Rand, Fl. Mt. D.sert. im. is,|(
Kig. qiS. I'or ' i"-i '.■" long," n^ail " r I 'i',"
p. 410, I'tidcr Liliaccae, for -U'arv read iiniii
in two places.
p. 416. Under f.iliuin : for "diciduous, " read
" deciduous,"
p. 4,s6. Key. for Pei inniiiiin rep.d Veinmiiiin
p. 476. Citation of l.eptoiiliis. r..'ad "Philom."
Fig. 1 174. For /ra »'(//■/ resid W'aidi.
iiS, Key, for Siiiiafistnnn read ai-.innis.
\>-. Key, for l>oii'.;liisii read pnrfniea.
ig 2c/i,v alter Hlackseed insert period,
ig, -'^1'), Re.id ' Pink Needle."
ig. .'3SO Read " 2 (}' high."
,^70, Key, For .stiirtos/ioru read ,(//VAi.?/i >ra.
igs. 2^1 (, 2315. For "ash colored," read
"brown."
ig 242,s. Read .}f(i/:;i.<:tiniii.
ig 2550 F'or "ac.-ording to Hitchcock," read
accoiding to H H Smyth. "
ig, 26(i<), For Anilliiiiiii read Aiirl/nini.
ig .'!»y<, P"or "liritlon," reait ' Heller." and
add citation .S'fii'riiiolrfii\ filiiiialus Heller,
Contr. F. iV M. Coll, f 7t |S.)5
ig. 2776. Read " liurren Myrtle.''
Vi)l.. HI. p 18, First line, for la, yis read la.-ie.
Fig. .ITt Note, read " .Sage of liethlehem "
Fig. ,V2i) I'or "or" read " Adam's (lannel,"
p, 144, I'or I'ig 23;3read t2,Vt
Fig, ,ui2, I'"or "Clover" read " Claver" grass.
Fig. 3tt|. Read " W.iyfaring "
p. 300. Key. No. ,iS, for /ainnlis read /oiia,tis.
Fig. 3708. Note, V'ar. 4. Read y/Vro. i;'/i".wr;/j.
p. .vfi, Key, for tiso'Ka read /iW/i/.i.
A few errors in aicut and in index pacing are corrected in the General Index.
Vol. H, Fig, I.SOS Read liin'<his.
Fig, i6,v>. For '' recurved " read "inflexed."
[Vol. hi.
leiis of three
ev forms,
.'s channeled,
irly Htraiglit
k1 branch or
the style in
ctiotis.
iiivex flower
ing from the
senibling an
General Index of Latin Names.
[Classes and rainilies in .sm.\i.i. cai'itai.s; genera in heavy face; synonyms in italics.
Heavy face figures indicate the volume ; other figures, the page.]
e a hook.
I oneseedeil
1 in the bud,
lives,
s.iels.
; woolly por-
ol' the leaf-
; fine pubes-
■tn".
leaves in the
t or U'.ar its
re leaves or
Btige or rein-
not inatteil
ir organs or
•tlicil.
r expansions.
at : tnsis.
iiftinea.
'liod.
cl slii-l«s("M'a.
lored," read
'licock,'' read
tirlliiini.
Miller." and
inhis Heller,
/'( re.nd lari'f.
cthlehein
I's fl.iniiel."
Haver ■' ifras.s.
!ad /'>niJi/ii.
••oitinescens.
la.
Abama
1 400
Acnida
I ,WI
Adopogon
Agropyron
(Xai theciiim)
cannabina
,S9i
octiilentale 3 26J-264
iinilalfialf
1 22S
Americana
I .)OI
I'loridana
59'
Virginicuni
263
violaceum
227
Abies
X .56
lusiuarpa
,S9'
.Idoi iiini
Agrostemma
2 7
iiiha
54
tamariscina
,^9'
dizaricalum
2 527
till itnaria
16
balsamea
."^7
" eoncatenata
,■59 •
leiinifolium
527
t'litliaRo
1
Canadensis
.S4. .SIJ
" prostrata
,'i92
Aik)X.\i:eai-;
3 242
Agrostis
I 159
Carvliiiiaiia
56
var, subnnda
,S9'
Adoxa
243
ail oides
155
I'raseri
.^7
" tubereulata
,Sill
Moschatcllina
243
alba
159
Jfai ia/ia
5,5
Aconitum
2 ixj
.■\/:,i;ili>(>s
alirida
150
ni);i a
55
Noveboracense
61
aioinaliia
« >77
allissima
162
Abrbnia
I 5')6
paniculatum
61
AEgopodium
2 5.59
aiaclinoides
160
Cvii''/>U'ia
597
reclinatuni
1)1
I'od;H!raria
5.39
as pel a
■51
fniKran;-
597
uneinatum
fil
AEschynomene
3"
aspen/olia
160
micnintha
597
Acoius
I ,VVl
liisfiida
3" 2
III ez'ijolia
l.SS
Abutilon
2 422
Calamus
,V'4
ViiKiiiica
312
can ilia
160
.\butilon
422
Actiisliclnnii
AEsculus
400
coal data
3 5"2
Ai Uetuiae
422
alpiiunn
I 10
ar^uta
401
tonipicisa
I 156
Acacia
2 251
aiidlaliim
20
Jiaia
401
nyMaiidia
155
hini hyloba
255
li\ /ti'ihareum
10
" pill pill ascens 401
diflii sa
143
fitiiina
254
//■rt'nsr
10
glabra
401
el a la
162
filiculoidcs
254
plalvni-Hios
2<
Hippocaslanuii
.(ro
lUliottiana
160
Acalypha
2 ,>'>5
f>i>!yt>t>dh<idi-s
3,i
liyhi Ida
400
exarata
160
Caroliniana
.As
'I'litiyfilfi IS
i,=i
III lea
41X)
filifiirinis
142
gracileii~
300
Actaea"
2 55
octaudra
401
liyemalis
161
ostryaefolia
.;''5
alba
^(^
I'avia
402
liidiia
1.54
VirKinica
.^Wj
nif;ulii
55
AEIhiilia
intermedia
162
Ac.antii.vck.m;
3 2""
;<((>'»/(>iij
56
iniilloi a
3 30^'
ill III ea
154
ACERACK.M-.
2 ,V>6
rubra
55
AEthusa
2 519
'lalifolia
15»
Acer
2 397
" dissecta
55
Cvuapiiim
^20
iiiii\;i/i>lia
151
ha> hnliim
,19^
sfiicala vars.
55-6
Afzelia
3 172
.l/c.t nana
142
dasviai piiDi
,V,i7
Aclinrlla
I Scynin ia 1
Novae .\iiKliae
162
Driimmoiulii
,V>«
sie Picradenia 3
44«-9
niacrophylla
172
paiiiijioia
144
fih'iar/>um
.597
f; III Ilia
449
A:J:assi:ia
pereniuins
161
(ilabnim
39<.^
Ailinoiiifiis
429
siiavis
452
laieini'sa
■43
ninnlaiium
39<;
altri nifolia
4,;i
Agastache
3 S4
rubra
161
NeKUmlo
400
lielianlliitidt's
4;,,.
1 l.iipliaiilliHs)
rupe^lris i 161
3 503
niKnim
.ViS
Sf/iiarriisa
431
auelhioilora
85
seab/a
I 161
I'eniisylvanicum ,^<)9
Actinospermum
3 142
nepetoides
84
seiolina
1.56
])latanoiile.s
400
( liii/d:(iiiiia 1
scrophulariaefolia 85
.Spiiazenii
167
I'.seiulo Platan
us .)oo
uuillorum
443
Agave
I 445
soholi/eia
142
ruliniiii
^'>7
Acuan
2 255
\'irKiiiica
415
syl~.\ilien
■59
saccharininn
397
( /)i\siiiaiil/ins)
Ar,i,KKr..\TAK
3 29s
leinii flora
144
Saccharuni
3i)'"i
Illinoensis
255
Agoseris
277
I 'n ainica
153
spicatuin
i'>9
leploloba
2.S5
( Tio.\ inion ]
Z'lilaai /.>
1.59
.s/i iii/niii
399
Adelia
2 to 5
glauca
277
Ailauthus
2 3-54
I) if>arlJlinit
39<;
( I'.irrsiiria)
parviflora
27">
slandulosa
355
Acetates
3 M
acuminata
('>i>^
Agrimonia
2 225
Aira
I i6,S
anKn^tifi'lia
1 4
Adenocaulon
3 4"'(
liritloniaiia
227
ai/iialiea
194
atiriculata
15
bicolor
401
Kiipalnna
226-7
aliopui pHiea
170
I'loridana
I,S
Adiantum
I 27
hirsuta
226
eaespilosa
160
lanujcinosa
15
Capillus-Vcneris 27
mil meaifia
226
caryophyllea
168
ti>n.i;i/iilia
I,S
pedatum
27
mollis
227
eoei iilea
i»7
viridillora
14
Adicea
I 5.^3
parviflora
22fl-7
crislala
194
" Ivisii
'4
i/';/c(7)
pumila
226
Jlexiiiisa
170
" linearis
14
piimila
5!3
roslellata
220
meluoides
210
" lanceolala
14
Adiumia
2 UI,S
striata
226
nilida
193
Achillea
3 4,S4
tirrliosa
'U5
Agropyton
I 226
oblusala
192
Millefolium
4.S5
fuiiRoMa
•05
caninum
22S
praccox
169
Ptarmic.i
454
Adiiaiia
574
dasystachyum
227
pill pin ea
i«5
Achioanthes
I 475
Adonis
2 t<9
filauctini
226
mb'ipicala
171
{Microslvlis)
annua
89
Gmelini
3 508
Al/OACKAf;
' 597
nionophylla
» 475
aulumnalis
89
pseudorepens
,507
Ajuga
3 75
unifolia
476
Adopogon
3 263
repens
I 226
reDtans
76
Ach^ranthes
dichotoma
( Ki igia)
spicatum
3 ,S"7
Alchemilla
2 224
2 ,19
Carolinianum
264
tetrastachys
507
alpina
225
lanuginosa
I 592
Dandelion
264
tenerum
I 227
arveiisis
225
528
GENKRAL INDIiX OF LATIN NAMKS.
[Vol
. III.
Alchemilla
2 22,S
Amaranthus
15S7
Amphicarpa
Anellium
vulgaris
225
alhits
,S8H
monoica
2 334
/•'ornteiiliiiii
2 525
Aletris
I 425
blitoidis
,S88
I'ilchei i
334
Angelica
5"
aurea
426
crispns
59"
Amphicarpon
I UK)
Arcliani^elict
52"
fnriiiosa
425
(liloroslacliys
587
Ain))liicarpon
110
alropurpurea
512
Alioma
I 84
dfllfxiis
5')o
I'lirsliii
Illl
Cuitisii
5"
cordifoliii
86
Kracci/.aiis
.SSH
Amsonia
3 1
liii siila
5' 2
PlaiitiiKuaciuati
ca 8,s
hybridus
587
Anisonia
1
Iriijiiiiiaia
512
tenelUim
f<5
/ivfii'clwiulriacui 5.S7
Talteiiiai-iihinit
Ilia I
vilUisa
5'2
sub II la la
92
li'vidns
5^)
Amygdalus
2 253
A.MlIO.SJ'i.KMAl;
1 61
Ai.ismaci:aI':
1 84
Palmi-ri
5Hu
r.-rsica
254
Aniiona
Alliaria
2 us
fiaiiiiiilalus
58S
A-NACARIHACEAr,
2 385
li iloha
2 49
(Stsytnbiiiim in
puniilus
590
Anachai is
Anogra
488
part)
rttniflfxus
5S7
Canatlt'iisis
I 93
kOHiioiIici a in
Alliaria
2 II.S
spinosiis
5»8
Anagallis
2 592
,.''■"'■''
AUionia i
594-6
Iniiiarisciiiiis
591
arvcMsis
593
albicaulis
48S
(Oxyhapliiis)
Torreyi
5S9
" coenilc.i
593
coronopifolia
48.H
albida
.595
AmaryIxidacea
■;
Ananlhrix
pallida
4S9
Bodini
596
I 443
dec 11 III he Hi
3 '3
An().\ai.i: \i:
2 49
Bushi
596
Amaryllis
Anaphalis
3 4"J
Aiionymi'
liirsuta
sy.s
A lam a SCO
I 444
niaiirarilaceu
400
cap'ilala
» 443
linearis
596
Amhlogyne
Andrachnc
3 5'7
Anoiiymo
nyctaginea
595
Torreyi
I 589
pliyllantliiiides
5'8
aqiialica i jj'.
2 623
ova la
59S
Amhrosiaceae
3 292
Andromeda
2 5('7
liraeleal.i
3'3
Allium
I 411
Ambrosia
294
ai hiirea
57'
odoralissiiiia
3 3'9
Canadense
414
acaiilliicai pa
291 )
ca lye II la la
57"
panienlalus
3' 9
cernuum
413
arteniisiaefolia
295
coeriilea
5O5
peliolalii
2 606
mntabile
414
bidentata
294
floi ihuiiiia
568
roliiiidi/olia
268
Nuttallii
414
inlcffrifulia
205
hyp no ides
565
Anonyiiins
ornilliogaloides 415
psilostachya
295
lif;iislriiia
57"
i;ramiiii/oli!is
3 3'«
reticulatuni
415
trifida
295
Stariaiia
569
Anoplaiilhiis
Schoenoprasun
412
" integri folia
295
IVli folia
i6S
jaseiculaliii
'95
stellatiim
4'.i
Amelanchiet
2 237
laxifolio
565
uni/lorns
195
si rial 11 III
415
alnifolia
239
lelrni^ona
566
Antetinaria
3 397
Iricoccum
I 412
Hotryaiiium
238
sec Leucothoe
56O-7
alpitia
3<»8
vinealc
4'3
Canadensis
237
see Pieris
,i68-9
cainpestrij
399
Allocarya
3 56
■' uhloimifolia
23''^
Andiopogon
I lf)0
Cari)atliica
397
[JCiili ii'hiiiiH
111
oligocarpa
239
alopecuroides
98
diinorpha
4.KJ
part)
rotunilifolia
238
amb:\i;iiiis
178
dioica
3^18
scopulorum
56
spioata
238
arj^enlens
lOI
mai,i;arilacca
400
Allosarm
A melius
arpyraeus
loi
neiidioica
39S
acroslic/ioidcs
I 28
spill II losiis
3 320
avrnaceuni
104
neijli eta
3'W
AInus
511
Ti/lnstis
324
h'elz'isii
loi
J'ai linii
39'i
Aliiobetula
512
Aniianlliiitiii
(lissitillorus
102
jiIantaKinifolia
399
gUitiiuisa
513
leimaiillioiJfs
I 400
ICUiollii
'03
AMIllMILiE.Mi
3 3"'
incana
5>2
ill u sea r In. vie 11 II I 40 ■?
furcatiis
|U2
Anthemis
455
niaritinia
5>3
.Xiitlallii
4f5
f; la 11 ens
'"3
arvensis
456
rUROsa
5' 2
Ammannia
2 46S
Klonieratus
102
Cotula
455
serriilala
5'2
auriciilata
469
Hallii
101
nohilis
456
viridis
512
cocci Mia
469
/falepensis
104
lepens
414
Alopecurus
I MS
/( 11 in ills
4(X)-7o
faiiiesii
'03
tinctoria
456
aifre^lis
148
Koclnu i
469
iiinci I'll 1 lint
102
Anthoxantlium
' '3'
alpinus
149
lalif,>lia
4t)>»
iiiarilimiis
lol
odoratnni
'3'
an.slnlaltis
'49
raiiidsior
47U
pii'7'iiictali',
102
Anthriscus
2 528
fiilvtis
149
ll'iiMlilii
-I'lf)
saceliaroides
'"1
Anllirisciis
528
geniculatus
•49
Ammiali:ai:
2 5c-*i
scoi)arius
Kil
Ceiefoliiini
528
j1/i'lls/>flu'IISIS
■57
.•} m III i
Torrcyanns
'03
sylvestris
52S
pratensis
149
<apillaceiiin
2 53"^
: iij; iiialns
Ii'2
:-nli<-aris
52S
Alsinc
2 2U
mn/iis
53>
\iiKiiiicus
li.-'
Antirrhinum
3 '47
iSlcllaiia)
Ammodenia
2 35
Androsace
2 s8f'
Cainnlcii.se
146
aqualica
20
1 Ai t'liiii ia ill part)
ucc-identalis
5S6
Cvmbalai i.i
'44
boreal is
24
pipldides
2 36
Androstephium
I 4'5
Elaliiic
'45
" alpestris
24
Ammophila
I Id.',
coeruU-uiu
4'6
f^eiiislacfoliuKi
146
crassifolia
24
areiiaria
166
Ti\'!iieeii ni
416
l.inaria
146
fontiiialis
24
n I'll 111! ilia I't'u
u')6
Anemone
2 62
mains
'47
graininca
23
Ammoselinum
2 525
Canadensis
^14
Oriintium
148
Holostca
22
{Apiinn in part)
Caroliniana
6j
lepens
'47
luiniifiisa
21
I'opci
525
cylindrica
63
spur ill III
'45
longi folia
22
Amorpha
2 2S()
diclioloma
64
Anychia 2
38. 4"
longipes
23
cam sccns
2K7
Jlepalica
65
nrayrocoma
38
" IJdwardsii
23
frnticosa
286
Hiidsoniana
63
Canadensis
4"
" pedunciilaris 2j
miciophylla
2^6
laneiMia
65
Ciipillaeea
40
media
21
nana
2sr,
niultifida
63
dicliotonia
40
Michauxii
23
Ampelanus
3 '6
lu'inorosa
64
A pallia
pubera
22
( I'.iislenia''
niidicanlis
74
aniiiinnalis
3 2()6
uliginosa
21
albidus
16
.\ullnlliana
67
Apera
I 167
Althaea
2 415
Ampelopsis
2 412
paivi flora
62
Spica-venti
167
oflicinalis
415
aiboica
412
J'eniisyh'aiiica
64
Aplianet
Alyssum 3 i
38. '52
cordata
412
(luirquefolia
64
ar:'eii^is
2 225
alyssoides
153
licteropliylla
412
Rici.ar<lsonii
64
Aphanoatephus
3 349
a re 1 if 11 III
'38
qniiiqiiefolia
413
Ihalielroides
66
A rkansanii •
349
calyciiiiim
'53
" zilacea
413
trifolia
65
skirrobasis
349
i man II III
154
I'eilchii
413
\'irginiana
i>i
Aplioia
man Hill II III
153
Amphiachyris
3 320
A nrmonella
li u m His
2 365
Amarantiiaceae I 586
dracunculoides
320
llialieli oidcs
2 66
inereii rial ilia
364
,".1I.. III.
3 525
5"i
•SI 2
511
,S12
512
5"2
1 61
2 19
488
48S
4».S
489
2 49
3 3'9
,1>9
2 6(i6
268
3 3>«
'V5
195
3 397
39»
399
397
4(XJ
39^
400
.19^
.3<W
39"
,Vj9
3 3"'
4,S5
456
4.S,S
4,S6
414
4.S<i
1 131
131
2 5-^S
,^28
,S28
,S2S
?2S
3 '47
14'.
144
'4.S
146
146
147
14''
147
143
jS. 4"
4"
40
41J
3 266
1 167
167
2 225
3 349
349
349
2 ;,65
3(>\
.^,4UU^-PJ.JL,^^
Vol,. III.]
GKNKRAI, INDKX
01* I..\TIN NAMKS.
529
Afihyllon
3 "91
Arclia>if;rlii'a
Arnica
Asclepiaa
/ascniilaliim
19.S
almpii) piirea
3 512
acaulis
3 47"
Kalioides
3 52"
" I II leu m
■9.S
(imeliiii
52"
alpina
472
incarnata
7
I.uiliivicianuin
Ii^j
Ai .liemiira
ani^iislifolia
472
Jamesii
8
unilliii H>n
I'lS
1 If; ilia
5" 3
Clianiissonis
472
lanccolata
6, 14
Apiastrum
2 ,=i2li
Arctagrostis
I ",57
Clavloni
47"
lanuginosa
3 «5
i l.epliuaiilis)
latil'olia
"57
cordi folia
47'
latifolia
8
patens
527
Arctium
3483
maiilima
476
lauri/olia
()
Apios
2 334
I/ippa
483-4
miillis
472
Meadii
<)
A pi OS
3.W
minus
4H4
Monlana var.
472
nigra
i()
/ii/)fivsa
.I3.S
ti)nientosuni
4H3
iiudicaiilis
47'
obtusi folia
8
Apium
.S33
Arctostaphylos
3 572
Amoseris
3 265
ovalifolia
II
.tin mi
.S3t
alpiiia
573
minima
26,s
perennis
12
dizaricalum
537
I'va I'rsi
572
piisilla
2(),S
paupercula
6
eckinaliitn
.S37
A rclous
Aronia
2 236
pliylolaccoides
9
Kravrokti.s
^?,:,
alpina
a 573
i/'ynis in part)
pulchra
/
U'ptophylluiii
534
Aienaria
3"
ainifniia
239
pumila
12
palens
527
bi flora
32
arbutifolia
2,16
purpurascens
7
Petroseliniim
5,(3
Canadensis
37
nigra
237
quadrifolia
1"
Popei
525
Caroliniana
33
Arrhenatherum
I "73
rubra
3 6
Aplectrum
I 4S1
ciliata
3"
a venaceii m
173
speciosa
1"
hyeiniile
-tHi
Kendleri
32
elatius
"73
slenophylla
"4
spic:itum
481
Grocnlandica
34
Artemisia 3 461 -8
SuUivantii
8
Aplofiapfins
liiria
33
Abrotanum
464
Syriaca
10
ai ine> ioidi's
3 329
Iloolccri
3i^
Absinthium
464
tuberosa
5
cilialiis
327
humifusa
3"
annua
465
variegata
9
Jttai ira/iis
33"
laleiifloia
35
biennis
4''5
verticillata
12
Nullallii
328
maciopbylla
35
UiRelovit
468
viriditlora
"4
riibiginosiis
328
Michauxii
33
borealis
462
viridis
I ;
spinii/osits
329
pat u la
34
cana
468
Asclepiodora
3 "3
Al'OCVNACKAI-;
3 1
peploides
36
Canadensis
462
deeumbens
"3
Apocynutn
2
Pilcheri
34
capilli/olia
.107
viriilis
i.i
aiulrosaeinifoliiim 2
III bra
37
caudata
462
Ascyrum
2 428
caiinabinuiii
,1
" marina
,17
dracunculoidfS
463
Crux-Aiidreac
" fjlabcrtimum
Sajaneinis
32
i lie ana
4t'3
2 428, 4-i4
liypi-iicifoliuiu
sirpyllifolia
3"
filil'olia
3 463
liypcricoides
2 ,(2S
pubc'scc'iis
J
si/ttarrosa
ii
friifida
404
stans
428
Apof;iin
Mricta
^^
Klauca
4<'3
Asimina
49
Immilis
3 26.5
Texana
.14
Kuaphalodes
407
triloba
49
Aquilegia
2 57
III fill i/oliiz
21
(Jioriilandica
4f)2
Asparagus
I 428
brcvislyla
58
vcrna
33
malricarioides
4I)"
ofTicinalis
42S
Canadf iihis
58
Aretliusa
1 409
Kansana
466
Asperugo
3 Oi
tiavijlota
58
l)ulbosa
469
hjii^ifolia
467
])roi-nn\bcns
61
vulKaris
.S8
s pica la
481
l.ndnziciana var. 407
Asperula
226
Arabis
2 146
scf Pogonia 1
467 8
I'ontica
3 4''6
arvensis
227
alpiiia
I4S
Argcmone
2 lOI
procera
4'>4
odorata
227
bracliytarpa
I.Su
alba
I"I
scrrata
407
Aspidium
hulbo'sa
'3'
albi/lora
loi
.Stelleriaiia
465
sec Dryopteris i
13-18
Caradfiisis
149
iiileriiiedia
l"i
tridentata
4f.8
Asplenium
I 22
am /ill is
"5"
JUxicana
IDI
vulRari^
46^,
acrosliolioidos
26
cleiilata
148
Aixi'iiilliamiiia
Arum
antinstifolium
24
/)iiii,i,'/usii
13"
li II mil is
3"5
Piacoiiliiim
1 ,v',i
Hradkyi
26
glabra
1,5"
tiieiciii iaiiiia
m
li ipliylliim
.161
ebeneuiit
23
hirsiita
a 149
Aria
2 .MO
I'lixinii inn
.1'>2
ebenoides
23
Ilolbocllii
■5"
Arisaema
I .;6i
Aruncus
2 '97
Filixfoemina
2'i
htiniifusa
"47
ahiiriiheiis
.101
I Spiraea in part )
fontanum
2S
latvi({ata
149
Dracontiuni
3'"
Aruncus
"07
niontanum
2S
" laciiiiata
■ 49
tiipliylliiiu
,1*"
sylvisler
i"7
parvuluni
2,i
" I'.mkci
149
Aristida
I 131
Arundinaria
I -';,i
piniiatilidum
22
l.iiili'iii iiiiia
147
Aiiiii iraiia
",V>
nuici ospcrma
■^^^
platyiHUron
23
lyiala
"47
basir.iinca
".14
ttcta
-\i3
; liiz iplivlla
-M
]iaUiis
148
dcsniantlia
".17
Arundi)
Kula muraria
2i
pel fotiala
",S"
dichotonia
"33
J'eslucacea
2oq
lhelypleroide%
::t)
piliaia
116
dispiTsa
l.?6
t'liiaf;iniles
1S4
Triilionianes
24
ii'lro/'iaila
■5"
ilivaricata
3 5"2
lecla
23,1
viride
24
r/iomOoiiitu
fasciiulala
I i.V-'
see Calamagrost
18
Astirella
piiip
l.i"
>;racilis
",i3
I
16. vr.
Hvslrir
I 23,;
Tlialiana
If'
laiiala
",15
Asarum
I 53«
I 'iiginna
129
X'iiKiiiica
"47
laiii^a
" 35
ac uniinatum
3 5'3
Aster '
3 354
Araci:ai.
I 3(H1
oli^r.'intha
"3S
anfoliuni
I 5,1"
acuminalus
376
Arai,iaci:ai,
2 5".S
puri)ura.sciiis
"31
(JaMaiUn>ie
53>
adscendens
37"
Aralia
5"5
purpurea
"35
mairanthum
sy)
amhii;uus
37S
liis))i(la
507
r.iniosissinia
"3t
refle.xutn
3 5'3
anu'thystinus
,167
miiiicaulis
S'JO
stricta
I.Vj
" ambiKUum
5' 3
a ng II si us
383
" prolifera
506
tubereulosa
',lf'
VirKinii'Uin
I 5,i8
an nil IIS
389
quinqiieliilir
.5"7
Ariskii.ociiiaccai: 537
Ascm;i'iai)aci;ai'.
3 4
anonialus
302
raceiiKisa
,S< i^>
Ahstolochia
I 5,19
Asclepias
5
argenleiis
37"
spiiiosa
,S"6
Cleniatitis
5»"
artiiaiia
II
a/.ureus
,1')2
li ifolia
5"7
niacropliylla
51"
auriculata
'5
be/lidiHorus
377
Arbutus
Serpentaria
54"
brailiyvtcpliana
1 1
billarus
^l*
alpina
2 573
Sipliii
540
Cm null
10
bifions
,180
Ufa- (Jr%i
572
tonientosa
54"
ddumbens
6
canesiens
384
Aiifulhobium
Ariiieria
Jh>iii;lasii
10
carniisinus
35f'
miinilum
» 5,15
7'iili;ai i'^
2 595
exallala
caruens
377
piisilhini
.535
Arnica
3 47"
Floridana
15
" ainbigiiiis
378
is
It 5
530
(•.ENIvKAL INIU'X
or LATIN' NA
\I
i;s.
[Vol
"
III.
Aster
Aster
Aster
Avena
I
172
Clayton i 3
.^S«
niacropliyllus
3 359
uudulatus
3 365
eldliiir
I
173
" crisi)icaiis
,^5^
" apriceusis
3''"
" abruptifolius
3f'5
fatua
'73
comniulnliis
,1«"
" bi form is
300
" loriforniis
365
Jiavescriis
'7'
(.'uMcinnus
3^9
" excelsior
3'K>
" loniuatus
365
mollis
17"
cordifolius
,a6.?
" pin^uifolius
3(10
" triaiiKularis
365
pahislris
17"
" alvi'arius
3fM
" sijuiictus
360
uropliylliis
3''5
J'iuiisyliain\a
'7'
" Kiirbishiae
?f^^
" velutiiuis
3""
vermis
39"
Smithii
172
" 1)1(1 stis
,^f',i
major
3 3^>7
I'illoSWi
379
s pi, old
174
" Idl-Ziad/ll.i
.V'.^
miser
3>*"
vimitieus
3«'
striata
172
" IniitfDldliii
■Vj,^
" i;loiiiri<llus
3^"
" Columliiaiuis
3«'
Azalea
1
.557
" pidicellalus
3f\i
Missourieiisis
37H
" folio'ius
3«>
( A'/iiidixiriiilroii
" polyt'tplialus
:■<(':■>
Itlflltt'StUS
3'>7
violaris
3'"
in part )
Cl'lllil/KllllS
377
inultillorus
3«'
tirv'iliis
3''9
arborescens
559
coiyinlK)Mis
3.'i7
" lOiiltlllllilllf:
3^1
viridis
357
ciileiiiliilaci d
559
lurvesci ns
359
" slrir/htiiills
3'^i
ASTK.RI'AI:
3 2^N
canescens
.S5S
" oviform is
359
liiultifonnis
3'"
Astilbe
2
i6<,
Ills pi da
559
" iiitibellifortiiis
359
Nibraskensis
375
bilein ita
17"
/.dppoiiiid
360
(lift IIS us
^•^'
nenioralis
375
ill .a ml Id
170
Intea
559
" Uni snulfiis
3S,,
• niakui
375
Astragalus 2 363,
20
llllltid
3'>"
" hi f ions 3
3,So
iiobilis
3'"
(Fhaca in part)
nudillora
55S
(livaricalus
Novae AiiKliac
3(1(1
aboriRiuorum
2
c^'X^
pilosa
,5'>2
.VS7. .W6. ,182,
392
Novi Ik'luii
370
adsurtfcus
2il<)
prui iiiiihfii\
5^3
" cyiiiulosiis 3
.v57
" Allaiiticus
37"
alpinuH
3"4
viseosa
559
" rurlilolius
357
" Itrittonii
371
bisuU-atus
30.)
" glauca
,Sh(J
" (lilloidiiis
357
" eloilcs
37"
caespihisiis
306
Azolla
I
35
" foiiliiialis
357
" litoreus
37"
camfieshis
3"S
L'aroliniana
35
" ptrsalims
357
Xiilliillii /■"(■iitl
372
Cdiiadciisis
298
Baccharis
3
3' 13
Dniiiimoiulii
3"t
oblongifolius
3(16
tarii'sus ibT,.
207
iiiiiiiislii'olia
.W4
(Imiio'^ii'i
37"
" 11 i;i till Ills
3W1
Caroliiiianus
2
2(;8
fuel id 11
306
" coiidirolius
377
paUiilosus
375
idiyoidrfiiis
297
liali mi folia
394
" stnctior
.>' /
lianiculatus
377
1 \'i)/ieii
3"5
glotnerulifolia
394
dinies
37"
■' acutidc;i-i
37S
ciassiiatpus
297
negUela
394
fni<ir/o/iiis
x^^
'■ biUidinorus
377
distorlus
3"3
salieina
.393
cricoides
379
" siniplt.x
377
Diuiniuoudii
290
"'isi osd
,196
" l'iiiii;lfi
37''
pilt-ns 3
;65 6
ildlliiidl fills
301
WriKlilii
39 »
" (Upaiiptr.iUi-i
37v
]) itulu><
3(.>
ileKans
3".i
Bahia
3
447
" i)arvicips
.*7<)
pniiliilu^
3H0
l'liUli^<llll'i
202
opiio-iitifolia
44H
" pllusus
379
phlogifolius
^66
fb'xuosus
3"^
lldldiiiii'i
442
" i)lalyptiyllii-;
379
polyplnllus
3:»
fi It; ul II s A iiierii d u u s
lllllllold
443
" /'ii SI 11 us
379
pri-nanlliuidcs
3«''-<
2
3"4
lialduinid
442
'■ Kaiidi
379
" porriclifiiliu-
.v,s
gracilis
302
Ballota
3
95
" I'lllosiis
379
I'tiuKlii
379
llVdIillUS
3C(,
nigra
'/>
i-vwafius 3
351
ptarniii'oidcs
37''>
Hypoglottis
299
HAI.S AMlNACl; AT.
2
("3
fxilis
.V-2
' UUf-i'i-ns
3:6
Kriili I'phyl'.i
31/)
Baptisia 2 264,
263
I'axniii
M^
Ijuiiici'us
367
lotilloru-^ '
3"!
alba
267
l-ciulliTi
372
" lirmus
3' 7
IHl'tll IhH.l 1 fills
301
austr.dis
2fi>;
jii miis
o''7
" hlf-.li il litis
3f'7
Mcxicainis
207
braeteata
2^)6
!!•■ iioiiii':
3S2
" luciilulus
yi.S
micidli bus
3' '-
IcueatUlia
2C17
li'liaceus
37'
pui puralus
3"9
Missourutisis
3""
UuiOplldCd
2
)5 "
/■'/lil/ll.\US
3«'
Kadula
374
iiiollissiiuus
2q8
mollis
264
f ureal us
35^
" billiirus
374
IlllllllflillllS
3"5
tinctoria
266
KlOUKTiilUS
35!^
" sli iiliis
37 1
piclinalus
300
villo-ia
2fl6
Ktacilis
.S7 ^
1 iiniiihisiis var.
3"*'
pill II f III 1 fill ins
305
Barbarea
2
121
graiiiinifolius
3S7
rosciihi-^
•^rjo
I'latleusis
2
297
liaibarea
122
Kriiiulitlorus
372
1 tIsfllS
3 3*56
raceuiosus
3, Ml
jiraeeox
122
llervc yi
37t
saKitlifolius
:M
Knbbinsii
3"4
stricta
122
liirsuti'c-aulis
3,So
" di^^silifl(lrus
3"5
•' Jisufii
3"t
■.■iili;dris
122
Ililll-illllilllS
;S,)
" tir()pliyllus
3"5
si'iiidleuciis
3"7
'■ iiriiiala
!22
liu III ills
3''2
salicifolius
377
Sliovtianus
3"'
Ihll kllillisid
ianthiiius
3'-'
" stc-iiiipliyllus
377
Iciiellii V
3' '5
1:111 lid ill Old
3
270
iiicanopilu.-ius
3S'
" siil)asptr
377
Tennesseensis
298
Bartonia
lll/il HIIIS
392
Sclireberi
359
Iriiii, Hilly I
207
Moseri
2
621
junctus
3'"
sirioeus
3''
li ipliyllus
306
leiiella
621
lai-vis
,■;'«)
Slioitii
362
Alhdmdiila
verna
62t
" amplifolius 3
3"9
simpler
377
Cliiiieii'is
2
512
Virginica
(121
'■ I'oloniacfnsis
3^
si)ictabilis
373-4
AlOoiinsid
lldrloiiid I'nrsh.
laiici-i'ldliis
.W
sliiiiiftlivllus
377
Iriiiei via
3 443
see Mentzelia
2
4.5S
lalcrillorus
3S0
si rid us
374
Allierol>i>i;nn
Bartsia
3
■><3
" Klotncri-llus
380
siiluisfier
377
iilit;i sidcliyiis
I
I So
adiiiiiiicila
|8„
" jjratidis
3S,,
subulatus
?''^2
Atraofne
2
7"
alpina
IS<3
" lioriziintalis
3S0
surculosus
373
( Cli'iiialis in part
)
coninea
179
" peiidulus
380
tardiflorus
3f,H
Americana
7'
()donliles
•»3
" lliyrsoideus
^So
laiiacelifolius
3«4
Atriplex
I
57'^
/Id lis
I.iiidli-yanus
364
tciU'broBUS
357
arenaria
579
Z'ermiruidid
I
584
" exiniius
3'U
tenuifolius 3;
7. 3«2
argentea
,579
Batrachium
2
«3
linai li/ii/iiis
yn
" hellidi/loriis
377
caiicscens
580
(h'dUUllilllllS
liiii/iiliiis
3S2
tortifoliuH
354
expansa
.57')
in part 1
loiiKifolius 371,
37"
TradescatUi 3;
8, ,',.Si
bastata
57«
divaricatum
S4
" villicaulis 3
371
lurbinellus
3 374
lilloralis
57*^
hederaceum
«4
I.owrieaiuis
^(^^
iimhtllaliif
392
Nuttallii
580
trichopliylhim
84
" BickntUii
3^13
" laliMius
392
patula
57H
liaise hi a
" lancifolius
3'i3
" pubeiis
392
rosea
57*
eaiieseeiis
3
65
lucidus
368
Unalasclieiisis
Alio pa
Carolinensis
65
niacropliyllus 357
359.
major
367
plivsalojes
3
125
G met ill i
65
I
■si
1 172
> K.\
'7.1
171
'7'
'7'
'7'
172
"74
172
2 ,S57
,Si'1
,S(x)
5SS
5' 1 2
5''1
55<)
I '.IS
.V5
3 v>^
1 .vn
.W4
Ha .W4
.-^94
5<).^
3 447
a M^
1(2
44?
442
3 95
./,
i..\i: 2 .i>i,;
2 2(j4. 2^15
2')7
26s
2^>7
2' 15 "
2fi.l
2W)
2')6
2 121
122
1 22
122
I 22
T 22
« 3 279
2 621
fi21
021
021
2 458
3 '»<3
183
179
1 584
2 83
84
84
84
65
65
65
Vol.. III.]
GENKRAIv INDHX
OF LATIN NAMKS.
53«
Beckmannia
I iSi
lligflouia
Brassica
Bupleurum
iiuoiieformi!*
181
uiidiila
3
325
aiha
2
"7
rotundifoliuin
2 529
llflien
nic.M)si.\ei;.\K
3
■9S
arvensis
119
111 KM.\\.\I.\Cl;.\l-
> 4.55
: II /cat is
2 9
Bignonia
K>S
caiupe.stris
"9
Burmannia
« 4.S5
/li/iiiii,anJa
lafiretdala
1<).S
juiicea
liH
l>i flora
45«>
('/iiiifnxis
« 454
Caliilpa
ly*
Napus
"9
Bursa
2 '38
Bellis
3 3^9
cnicinira
Mf^
niKra
118
1 Cafisilla 1
iiittKrifolia
3.S"
radii a lis
3
190
oiienlalii
3
515
llursa pastoris
',19
inniinis
3S"
senifierviieii'i
3
'>'>5
pfi loliala
515
fiilslori ^
'19
Benzoin
2 <>S
lomeiilosa
3
'57
Sinnfiislnim
1
no
llnrsliia
/.imtr.ii 1
lileih n 11 in
Brauneria
3 419
liumilis
2 ,504
Ikll/nill
1 9.S
I'iiviiiii 'iin
I
2n
( l\iliinacra 1
Butneria
2 95
iMcll-isacfoliuiii
.>s
Blephilia
3
'"5
pallida
420
fertilis
95
111 mil KiD.xci ..M-;
J s<,
c'llialH
'05
purpurea
420
florida
0,5
Berberis
a .si)
liirsula
105
III lira
»ix.\ci:.\l;
2 .184
.\i|iii folium
<^)
iifpe/oidn
'"5
liiiinilis
2
116
Cabomba
2 4'
Canadinsi-
yo
lllelia
Breweria
3
20
Caroliniana
4'
1 r/tfiis
90
iifhylla
I
\M
(inc. Hon a mi a
in
Cacalin
Siiii'iisis
90
Blitum I 571.
57*'
part, and Six
iisina )
See Vemonia 3
.V'2-4
vulgaris
90
ISoniii llenticii<i
a(|uatica
3
21
all ifilii ilolia
474
Berchemia
2 4.i(
I
57)
Iiuinistrata
20
it'itiloi'inis
473
schikUmi-*
401
capitatutn
57*'
I'lckerinuii
21
Miaii-olens
475
ruhihilis
4" I
cheiiofiodinidis
577
/.'; ii kellia
liil<i rosa
474
Beigia
2 -l.VH
li III III inn
571
aiandillnia
3
.11 1
CvciACEAi:
a 460
Tixatia
4.V'<
.\iillalli(iiiiim
574
Briza
I
I'dj
Cactus
461
Berlandieia
3 4'J<)
1 iihi iim
571
Canadensis
21 1
/;•;.> 1-
464
Ivrala
41"
Hoihfia
nie<lia
199
/'lagilis
4''4
Ti'xana
41 »)
cliiysiiiillii'iiioi
/,■,,
minor
19-)
li II nil Ins lis
463
Berteroa
3 1.5^
3 45.1
III i::'/n mm
sei' Distichlis
mamillai IS
462
' A.'fssiiiii ill part)
Boehmeria
I
5,11
I
l.,.S
Missoiiiitiisi-i
462
iiuMiia
151
cyliiidrira
5,11
IlKi iMi.i,i.\i.i:.\i;
I
.174
' siiiiilis
462
Berula
2 5,^8
Bultonia
3
,551
Bromus
1
219
Ofiiiiilia
4f'3
iini;if;li/i'!ia
5,(8
astenjidis
■IS 2
arveiisii.s
3 .5"''
viviparus
462
tricta
5,18
dtrniriiis
.IS.i
asper
I
220
Ciifiiolm
3 .W>
Betonica
3 98
dilTiis I
352
breviaristatus
22)
CaKSAI.I'I.MACKA
■;
[SIn.livs ill part 1
glasUMia va'
.?S.l
brizaeforniis
22,1
3 256
olTiciiialis
90
latisi|uania
,1S-'
ciliatus
210
Caesalpiiiia
I!Kni..\ci;.\i;
I Si/)
Hiiiiaiiiiii
ereetus
2?o
Fall aria
3 2,S9
Betula
I ,S..S
.sire Bteweria
3
?ol
uivanli'iis
2|H
/iimisii
2.59
tiiha
5'i.'^
l!i)RAr,i\.\ci: \i;
3
.SO
liordeaccus
2L'2
Cakile
2 117
Aliiii!tetti!ii
512
Borago
<i7
Kaltnii
221
.■Imcriiaiia
"7
.\liiiis 5
2. 5M
oliioiiialis
OS
Madritelisis
3
5,/,
edenlnla
1 17
Klaiuluioi-a
I ,SI()
Borrirhia
3 42"
iiiii/lis
I
222
Calamagrostis
I 165
Ifiita
5'"
fnilf-^ccii"
421
I'otteri
221
art'iiiiria
160
lutt-a
510
Botrychium
I
2
fyiiigaiis
?I0,
221
/iii-rifiilis
166
Afnliaii III
5>'
borcalc
2
raocniosu.s
I
222
breviseta
164
nana
5"'
dissti'tuiii
3
491
Scliiadii i
22 (
C.inadeii-is
"',>
iiiK'ra
5<J<)
griiii/r
I
4
s"calinu.s
222
eilinoides
'"5
iiicidiiitatis
5ofl
lanci-ol.iliiin
I
Mliianosus
2^3
coiifinis
165
fiafiyimra
5":y
I.uiiaria
3
i-terilis
221
l.appoiiiia
"IS
]).i|)yrifLM,i
5"9
niatricariaefolium
,>
tictonim
220
I.ainfidottii
104
IH)i)iili folia
,s.kS
siiiii)lf X
2
utiioloides
221
Ikiii; Ilolia
107
I>liiiiila
511
ttrnaliiiii and \
ar
Broussnnetia
I
520
Maeoiiniaiia
"M
ziiiiiis 5
2. 51.1
13
3
494
p.ipvrifera
529
lunlecla
'OS
Bicuculla
2 m;,
\'iri;iniaiuim
I
-1
Itiiiiiilla
.\'iillalliana
"'5
( l)ii:eHlra •
Bouteloua
I
I7'i
sie Prunella
3
.ss
I'likei iiigii
164
CaiuKlciisis
104
ciirlipiiidula
I.H,,
Brimnichia
I
568
I'ortcri
'64
Cuciillaria
104
liirsiita
180
cirrlu i-;.i
56f>
roltiisla
l6,i
exiinia
104
oUt("stacliya
iSo
[iryanlliiis
slriila
"is
Bidens
3 436
inifiiiiisi!
iSo
ia xifolius
2
5'')5
svhuiliia
'64
(inc. Coi fo/isis in
/liljiillid
Ihiilihi,-
CalainiiiHia
parti
aroiiifi/'olia
2
'77
dail\ liiidrs
I
'8?
Clinopodiiiin
3 '"8
aristosa
3 44 )
li II nil lis
470
Buchnera
3
172
gla/irlla var. A'
III.
lieckii
44"
Brachyactis
3
.1*^3
Aiiierioana
'72
3 '"9
biilontoidts
■\V^
( Aslrr ill part 1
Oinadensis
7-
oflirinalis
10.)
liipinnata
4.?9
anifu-tiis
^8.-,
Hilda
\Nllall:i
io.>
cermia
4,?7
Brachychaeta
3
34H
Ihiit-ali^
2
37
See Clinopodium
coniosa
4.? 7
10 id III 11
.vl9
marina
37
3
108-111
connata
4.?7
spliacilata
349
minor
37
Calamovilfa
I 166
ilir\sn>illieiiloi(
irs 436
Brachyelytrum
I
1.(6
riihrtl
37
bievipilis
166
coroiiata
3 439
ari.ilaliiiii
146
Bulbilis
I
'83
lontfifolia
167
(liscoidta
4.V^
crectuni
146
1 llllllllo.)
Calceolaria
2 45'''
frondosa
4VH
Itracliylohiis
dactyloides
'83
[Solea)
aiacilis
442
liisfiidm
2
'25
Hiilliai da
verticillata
4.s6
iiivolucrata
44"
Ilrailiyris
ai/tialica
2
164
Calla
X ,363
lacvis
4.16
draiiiiiciili'ide.',
3
320
Bumelia
2
.595
palustris
363
tricliosperma
4.19
11 rac In Sinn on
densi flora
596
sairillae/olia
362
" tenuiloba
4.19
see Koellia 3111,
"5
lanuRino.sa
5'/>
Callicarpa
3 74
Bigfloz'ia
Bradburya
2
332
lycioides
596
Aniciicana
74
Engelnianni
3 327
( Ceiilivsema)
11 11 Ilia s
Calligoniim
grai'eolens
326
Virifiniana
333
edenlnla
2
"7
canescens
I 580
Hoifardi
,V6
Brasenia
2
42
BuphUialmum
Colli opsis
nil da la
325
pellala
4i
frulcsceiis
3 421
lardamine/olia 3 432
" vtrgala
326
purpurea
42
lielianllioides
4'2
Callinhoe
2 418
uiiiligulala
311
Brassica 2
";
•-18
Bupleurum
2
529
alceoides
418
M
-*/?■
m
53-^
CKNKRAI< I.Nl)i;X
Callirhoo
Capnoides
(liKititta
a
4i8
i-ryslallinum
107
tiivciliicrata
(19
cMiivisiliiimim
107
triaiiKulatii
41')
naviiluiii
lU.
Cai i.n itiiiiAci:.
VI-:
iiiicraiitliuiii
Ml
3
^Xi
inoiitaiiiitn
107
Callitricho 3 .01,
A7"
s«-miHrvirciis
<<'5
Aiistiiii
3«2
Cai'I'akiiiaci;aic
a >M
iiiilinnnalis ^
•12,
471)
Capiiii id
l>ilUla
i
•,H..
Xiiilioloides
3 if'S
littiKipliylla
,<>*J
miilli/iiia
159
p.iliistriH
^^i
CAI'KII Ol.IAClCAE
3 227
III ifslie
3^2
Capi ifoliiim
•.■eiHii
.•,S2
Pmiglassii
2.(8
m iiti/h
.V"<2
1; III III in
2,17
Calluoa
2
.S7.1
Capiiola
« '75
vulKaris
.S7.1
( ( V«.'i/i'//)
Calochortus
I
421
Dactyloii
'75
Ciimiisimii
422
Cafisella
Nutlallii
422
Itiii sapaslot is
a '39
Calophanes
3
2111
ellipiicii
',v^
(ihloiiKirolia
2112
Cardamine
3 127
Cal'>f'iii;iiii
an iiiciila
129
puliht'llus
I
4S11
liellidirolia
M"
Caltha
2
51
liulbosa
131
nal)0llir<)lia
5'
Cluuatitis
'3"
natans
52
lii>ii.i;lasii
'3"
pahislris
■SI
llexiiosa
129
Cm VCANTHACEAi;
liirsiUa
128
2
94
" svlvalica
120
Calvian/ltus
95
l.iiiim'iciaiiti
147
fniiUs
95
parvillora
129
Jim iiliis
95
purpurea
'3"
j; la II (lis
95
I'tiiiisylvanica
12S
liieviffa/u!:
95
" III illoiiiana
12.H
Calycocarpum
2
9.^
pralciisis
128
I.yoiii
9.i
liiitiiihiiiJea
131
Calyiiiiiiia
rnluiulifolia
>3'
aii,i;ii\li/\'lia
I
5i|i'i
spallnilala
'47
Calypso
I
177
II II ill II HI
135
hiiiealii
477
1 '1 1 XI ill it'll I
?9. '47
biiDiDsa
477
si'i' Dentaria a
132-3
CalXil<\i;ia
Cardiospermum
2 4"3
SI- fi ill in
3
2?
Ilaliiacabuni
4"3
" fiiihrsrens
2,S
Cakihai. KAi;
3 2'K'*
sfiilliniiiafii
26
Carduus
3 4«4
Ca III a is i a
(inc. Cii siiiiii ami
I'insrii
I
42 i
('nil II i uiosti
V )
Camclina
2
l.W
altissiiiius
3 485
miorooarpa
3
515
aivinsis
489
siiliva
2
H9
crispu--
41/1
s]/:v\/rii
3
515
discolor
48.S
Cami'anii.aci:ai:3
252
Ilillii
4S8
Campanula
252
laiK-fiilatiis
48.S
Aiiuiicana
255
Afiiiaiiiis
490
ai)aritu)icles
251
niutiiiis
3 489
hi tioi a
25'-)
" subpiiiiialirK
us
divaricata
255
3 48'!
Jif.riiosa
255
Ni'hraskfiisis
4.S7
EloiiU'rata
25 1
uiululatus
4>(,
till ill- 1 in var.
25,>
nutans
489
prifi'liala
25''
ocliriiLcntrus
4^7
rapmicnloiiUs
254
odoratus
488
Hitiiiulifolia
25.?
I'ilcluri
480
" iilpina
2.Si
riattinsis
487
" I.aiiKsilorf.
3
25,i
p II nil Ins
4S8
'' vLhilina
25,^
spinosissinius
48S
tinifloii
2.S1
uiululatus
48I,
Comptosorus
I
21
" rueuaci-plialus 4S(i
rhi/cpliyllus
21
VirKiniauus
486
Campulosus
I
177
Carex i 2
84-36.J
( L U'liiiim 1
aliacta
292
aromalicus
'77
abbrcviata
321
Caiiitiyloceia
acutifonnis
3'>3
li-ploiiii pa
3
2Sf'
adusta
357
Cannabis
I
SV>
aestivalis
317
saliva
53"
alata
350
Canliia
alhii ^rlifi)lia
332
(ii;.i;rei:ala
3
39
albicans
331
loiii;ijlura
3S
albolutesccus
359
puiieeiis
3«
Albursiua
329
Capnoides
2 I
J5-7
alopicoides 344, 34s
( Coiydalis)
alpina
1o6
aurvuMi
lOf'i
altocaulis
326
" occidenlale
II 17
aiubusta
297
LATIN NAMi;S.
[Vol.. HI.
351.
I
il9,
Caiex
amphibola I
an^'Hslalii
iipri la
ancrps var. i
aiiuatiliM
arcta
arctata
a I Ilia
aretiaria
ar^ yianlha
ariHtata
.Vsat'.rayi
AsHiuibojtiensiii
Atlautica
itliala oralii
alratiforiuis
alii'/'ii.sia
a 11 re a 29.S
Uiirkii
llaileyi i
Haiial
lliilnidi
IUila-:ilUi
Hieknellii
bicolor
Dinelovii
Ilia mill
Ihnilliana
brotiioides
brunuesceus
bullata
/III villi II mil
caispilosii
canesceus
capillarin
capitata
Cart yaua
Carol i 11 iaua
castanca 1
ciplialiiidea
eepli.ilopluira i\\,
eliorilorliiza
Collinsii I
iiiiiiiniiiiii
coiuosa
Ciinipaila
eoiiriuna
conjiitRla
ciinoidea
(■1 isia la
eostellata
Crawei ,;2,1,
crinita .514,
ciisUila
cristaliUa
Cms lorvi i
eiyptocarpa
cm la var.
cuspiilala
Davisii
ili'I'ilis ,',2i),
dicoiuposila i
delle.xa
Dtwtyaua
digitalis
distaiis
DnUKlasii
J)i iinininHiliana
durifolia
ebiiriiea
I'cliinala var.
ICleiicliaris i
Junniiinsii
exilis
exleiisa
feslucacea
lilifolia
tiliforniis
filipcndnla
llaccosperuia
flava 32.3,
Jilxiiis
foenea 3.57.
foUiculata
32'
to8
y^
327
}f*)
352
320
355
.142
357
3112
293
319
35' >
3116
31/1
'?i^}i
33'
S^i^
2'/.l
312
28 »
291
\iM
331
3"J
327
,136
354
.15'
298
.3"7
352
,12"
3.1''
328
3'7
(2i>
3l8
34'i
31'
292
,133
.1"!
2<y)
332
.142
325
3">
3'6
,16"
3' 5
357
.157
343
3'4
35'
3"
3>8
321
313
.334
354
328
324
342
3.1-<
?!?,*
,?32
35"
31'''
.131
34'^'
.123
.1,59
319
,305
3'4
322
324
3' 9
358
293
I 3>8.
I
294.
321.
I
3?o.
Catex
rurnioHa
I''raiikii
l''raseri
I'tasci iaiia
fulva
fuHca
X'ii,'iiiilt-a
j; lain a
Klareosa
(Clauca
Klauciidea
X'iiilniiaris
("■(lodetiovii
/;iacilis
Kraeilltiiia
Kl'.iiidis
Kianiilaris
Kravida
(iiavi
Rrisea
Kyiianilra
^'yimcrales
//alcana
/laid 294, :i,i2,
llariii
llayileni
Ileleonastes
liclenislacliya
liirsiila 316,
liirta ' I
Ilili'lu-uekiana
l/iippneii
Mou|>lituuii
livpci hoifii
liyslneina
iiK-urva
Ulterior
iutuiuesccus
ii lii^iia I
Janie-ii
/\'nii \irini
laertiniiica
laKopina
laK<M""'<<>i'1i'!^
lanuKiuosa
laxiouliuis
laxillora ,522, 327
I.eavenworlliii' I
Uutieularis
leporina
leptalia
limosa 313,
littoialis
livida
lonnirostris
I.ouisianiea 1
Inpiiliforuiis
lupnliua
liirida
uiaonikolea
Ma^ellanica
iiiareida
tuaritiiua
VIII I iina
Bleadii
media
nieinliranacca
luenibranopaeta
Michaii til
J/ic/ian I lana
inicioglnchin i
mil iacea
luiliatis
viiraliilis
uiiKaudra
nioiiile
.Mulileubergii
iiiuricata
Jluskiutfuniensis
mnlica
iiardiiia
Nebraskeusis
uiuro marRiiiata
Norvegic.i
295.
I
320
3,16
,1.1"
324
.3"7
295
321
.353
3' 5
322
29.1
3"" I
21 lo
.5 '7
2</S
322
.345
29.1
xii
3' 5
.14" '
322
2(^1
M^
3'7
.K'6
325
3'"
.1"5
3'"
3li
.\?<>
291
M.^
.137
32"
.1"2
,15.1
.1.5'-
.1<>5
329
32<(
34'(
.i"f)
3.5''
319
.13'
3' 2
.131
.1'9
294
294
294
299
3'5
.113
341
3' 4
344
327
,134
2<)<i
29*1
202
2(>2
28,S
3"
296
3,s8
3' 2
297
3 1"
348
355
322
340
.1''8
!l35
.151
III.
1 JUS,
-^94.
ir
Vol,. III. J
(iKNIvR.M, lM)i;X
-1' I,.\TIN NAMI
■',S.
5^^
Catex
Carex
Caatclleja
( Vli/.H .
Novae AiiKliat i
,}2»
tciiera
I v-iS
pnlliila var.
3
1.X.1
pumila
i 2.S"
iiblit.i 1
,?21
l('iilanil(i!it
21 K)
Mpliiili ioiia/i\
ISO
srni/ina
25.1
Oeiliri
\i.\
tc'iiiiiHora
4.52
si--silill(>ra
IS,
" inoiilana
211
Ohifvi
-"17
ti'imis
420. 421
Citabrosa
1
1U(
I'll i; ill laiia
252
• ■/ii;iui//iii
2«.i
Icrctiutcula
111
ai|natica
I'll
Cil.llo,l,:.:i
nlJKdiMrpa
P.S
tt'l.iiilca
.*2'p, .V7
Catalpa
3
I'lll
hir: nil Islala
J 233
ciliKiisptriiia
2' IS
TixfiiHis
41,"
hii;iionioitlei
11)1)
Ci;k.vi(ii'1im,i,.\l'
.m;
ii.-i/W
,V»J
I'lirnyiina
41S, 42 1
Catalpa
Kl-I
3 46
1 oxyliptH
.1l«
Tornyi
424
(onli/'olia
2m 1
Ceratophyllum
46
J jmiU'sci'iis
.(24
torta
41". 4'4
spi-v iosa
2(.n
di imiMiiM
4''
/)||/(/(/.M(J
.1",*
tribiiloidcs
4S'i. .557
Caiicalis
2
51"
Cercia
2 2S'>
paiiicia
Al"
trircp'i
.11". 3' 7
.\iitlirisiiis
.>! I
Caiiadcii^i^
257
r.iriyaiiit
3"7
tiicluicarpa
,4"2
nodosa
5I"
Cercucaryus
3 223
Iiaiu'iiliira j.->,i;.
202
trispi-niia
45,'-
Caul mi a
p.irvillnrus
22,1
pL'tlidUata
Vl<
T\u kriinani
2i).H
II, 1 i!ii
I
Hi
Ciiisia
/'r.i-ll
4.(4
lypliiiKiidc
.i"2
(•ll,lil<llll/;ll\i\
S(
//ni/iiiis
I I./-.
pediiiiotilata I
.t,U
unibt'llala
I 445
Cauluphyllum
2
111
Cereiii
IViiii'j'lv.mica
.444
iitriculata
21.17
tliallctirM<|( s
!»'
Ciiripi.'oiii:.
2 461
picta
44('
III siiia
,iM
Ceunuthus
2
I"7
-.'11 itiifloi ii\
.\(o
jilatilaKiina Un.
4,V)
I'alilii
3""
.\tntricatiii-
4"7
ChAerophyllum
3 .SS'I
i)latypliylla
.(.P
vaKiiuilit
32')
OIHlllS
l"7
lirocuinlH lis
5-"i
poiliicarpa
41.1
varia
444. ,vn
civatiis
l"7
" .Slmrtii
52'l
f>(llV\lcli/l\i' .'0|,
f.S2
•fniiila minor ^21
■ ))ub( scelis
1"7
\'i/t;iiiii
52S
polyiiiorplia
32(1
vci iiu\ua
3' 5
Cebatha
2
9.(
Tiintnrieri
54"
(>i>lvli iihitiUci
.4.W
vistita
.('M
1 Cot 1 III IIS 1
Chactopappa
3 .451
Poilcri
^l.s
viresccns
U<>, 320
Carolina
'II
asteriiiiks
.V5I
praccox
4.4.S
viridiila
421
Ccilioiia'la
modesta
351
piaiira I
444
vii!i;at ii
3"9. 4""
rortliilii
3
8(,
Chamaecistus
2 .5(M
pra>ina
4"
t'ii//>iiia
442
Ci;i..\STR.\i.i;.\i.
2
.i94
1 /.I'l^iiriiria 1
pratctisis
,;vi
vulpiiioi<lca
» 415
Celastrus
395
procninbens
2 ,5'M
P-ii'tiili) Cypcius
Waltciiaiia
,4"!
si'.iiulens
.49<'
sri pyllihilia
563
I ,58
.i"".
4"!
WilldiiKivii
347
Olosni
ChamaecypariH
ptycliucarpa
44"
.\'ii/iif>fiiiis
3t'»
pillllCUhlUt
I
5<li
^/iliiirroidi-a
.5')
pubi'si'iiis ,^17,
.VV'>
xaiithocarpa
44 S
Celtis
I
526
tliyoidcH
59
piilla '.'<i5,
2C.6
xanlliopliysa
202
Mississippicnsi
s
527
Chamaedaphne
2 57"
Rat-ana
ao.s
xeraiitu-a
3.5.5
occidentalis 5
26.
527
' Cassandra 1
tainosii
444
vfKHai pa
;,i),S
piimila
52'.
calycnlata
570
rarillora
,U2
Carpinus
I ,5(16
Cenchrus
I
127
Cham'aelirium
I .102
Kcdduskyana i
.t4'>
Caroliniana
.5(i<i
Cit oliiiintiiii
127
( 'iirolhiiainiin
402
;v7) <»(//; ."'(/
.i'''l
ri>Xiiii,i)ni
.5"7
raieino^ii
KM
hiteuin
.(02
icUulUxa
4t7
Carum
2 535
Iribuloides
127
Ciamaenerion
3 480
letrotsa ?94,
2.|S
Canii
,535
Ccntaurea
3 491
1 /■:pllo/iii/in in
part)
Kicliaiclsoiii
442
Cm ya
Americana
492
anniistifoliiini
4S1
ligitia
.VX)
aiha
I 485
hrnrdiclii
4<14
latil'olium
4S1
rijiatia
4"4
aniara
4.S5
Cakitrapa
I'i4
Cliainari nplii^
rosfii
447
0/ i :'(if/h 1 in 1 \
4«4
Cyanus
.I'll
fiUiiica
1 126
1 Oil rata
2^2
po'lllIU
4.S7
Jacea
492
Ilalica
•27
niptstri^
.•>.4f<
/oiiifii/osa
,86
niura
492
verlicillala
12"
sabiiloia
4.SS
see Uicoria
I 4S.V6
Cf 11 1,1 11 If. 'In
••iiidis
126
salina \u\
4"
C.\l<Y(ll'llVI.L.\Cl:\K '
VillHI
2
621
Chamaesaracha
3 '.44
Siilliieiisii
42''
2 6
Centella
2
541
conioides
'44
Saitwellii
44''
Cnsidiiilin
( llyiiiocolyli in part ,1
Coronopus
141
saxatilis
2.(6
lalniiliilii
2 57"
.\siatica
54'
soidida
'4.i
fcabrata
.4"4
Cassia
2 2i7
Ci nil DM'iiiii
Chcilanthes
' .4"
.scahii,<r
44''
Cliainaerrisf;
I 2.iS
/ 'iiii'liiittiin in
2
444
Alalianiensis
4"
Scliwiiiiitzii i
1()0
" robusta
2.5H
Centunculus
J
,5"4
dialbala
32
scirpoidea
4.1 7
fascHiilala
25."!
rnininuis
59.1
gracilis
31
scopaiia ;5'i
3.SS
Marylandiia
2.5S
Cephalanthus
3
216
lanosa
3'
setaoea
446
nicti'tans
2.S7
occidentalis
216
laiiii);iiiosa
31
seti folia
442
obliisifoliii
2,58
Cfphiiloplioi a
tomcntosa
;|
Sliorliana
4"4
occidentalis
250
sciipo.sa
3
440
Chelidonium 2
IU2'-,1
siccata
4.S.S
Tora
2.^S
Cerastium
2
2.i
diphyUinn
102
silicta
4,S^
Cassiope
2 5''5
alpinum
27
C lane ill III
"J4
Smilliii
4>"
liypiioides
,565
at/iialiiiiin
20
majus
'",!
\ sparKanioides
44S
tctraRoiia
,566
arvense
27
Chelone
3 149
\ squarrosa V'l,
.',02
Castalia
3 44
bracliypodnni
26
J)if;ila!is
152
t sliiliilala vat.
.VSo
' Xympliaia '
" compactuni
27
Klal)ra
149
■iloiolr/ih
,4'"
I.cihnxii
45
ccrastioides
28
liirsiila
'51
steiiopliylla i
441
odorata
44
I'isilitiianuiH
27
I.voni
1,5"
sterilis
45"
" rosea
44
^lotniialinn
25
obli<|iia
15"
Sleiidiiii
,V>7
pudica
44
qiinliinellinn
20
I'enlslcmon
152
stipat.i
443
pyf;maii
45
loni;ipeduncnlat'm 26
Ciii:.soi>oi>i.\ci;.\l
straininea ,3,=;S
-,4(3"
tetraRoiia
45
nutans
21 1
I ,569
stria/a
4"4
tiiberosa
44
ohloni;i/oliii m
27
Chenopodium
570
stricta
3, ,8
Castanea
I 514
semidecandnim
2.S
album 57
0, ,57'
s/n'i/iiir
421
dentata
515
li if^ynnin
28
ambrosioidcs
I 575
styloflexa
328
ptintila
515
lri:iale
26
anthelminticuiu 575
stylosa
4"7
I'esca var. Ainer. .si.s
viliilinuiii
27
Berlandieri
572
subspatliact a
4'"
Castilleja
3 178
viscosum
25
. 26
Ilonus llenricus ,S74
stibiilala
292
acuminata
I.S<i
vnlgatiim
2,=
, 26
Moscianum
572
Siillivanlii
3>7
affinis var.
179
Cerasiis
Botrys
574
supina
3.48
coccinea
'79
(iemissa
2
-'53
capilalutii
576
syclinocephala
560
indivisa
"79
^fahaleh
252
Kremontii
,572
tenella
346
minor
«79
J'ennsyli'anica
252
Rlaucum
571
t' i\
53 ♦
Chenopodium
li>tiiiil\ini I S7.\
UptDplivlliiin ip, 571
Will iiimuiii I .sM"!
muUilidinit y,u
iiiiir.ilc 57)
|inlv?'i>i-iimim 571
>,.'/'.»» .11 5H1
mill u 111 ,571
iirliiiiiiii ,57,1
It iilr 570
Chimaphila 3 55;
!.'( I itilh'Mi SS)
iiMi'iihita ,S5)
umlK'llal.i ,5,s|
Chlmcinanthus 3 ns
ChiogenoB a sM
lll^I)lllula s^i
filftitllUil ,5>'l
u ) f<vllil.'lia sHi
Chionanthua 3 ihjj
\'itt{iiiii.M 00.1
Cliii I'liui
SCI' Sabbatia 3 ('xk;-!?
(•.i:ni:r.\i, inhiix oi' i.atin n\mi:s.
Chlons
( HI lif'i iiiliila
vcrtiiillata
Chnndrilla
jiiiKca
Chondtophora
'7''
17M
3 =7"
270
3 .^25
( liiK'lnvia in part)
M(J » <(V'.1(J
mulala
" virRata
ClKiKllKTAI.Al;
Chrosperma
( Ainiiiiilhiiim )
mii'-tai toxi( uiii
Chrysanthemum
H ret i cum
lialsaiiiila
f;> aii(ti/h>t iiiit
i nod It I II III
I.cHcaiitliftmim
I'artlu'iiiuni
i;i};anlrii
Urainiiii/i'lia
Hilda la
liiiiiiiilnsa
viigala
Chrysogonum
\'iiKiiiianum
" (U'litatnm
Chrysopogon
avfiiactus
nutans
Chrysopsis
aiha
caniporuni
falcata
J^'OSSVfll'lHl
er-tminifolia
liispida
Mariana
Nuttallii
pilosa
Rtenopliylla
villosa
Cbrysosplenium
alternifoliuni
Aniericannm
of>f>osili/iilium
Chrysothamnus
.12,'i
Cl'igelozia in part)
,'W5
,(;(.
yii
.|".^
1 457
457
45^
4511
459
457
45«
. ?,"?>
\\~
SIS
.■5,12
1 4"H
■V)
41 H)
"M
"■'4
l"4
1 .122
M(>
.124
32,1
.12,1
,122
325
,123
32.5
325
324
324
181
181
iRi
iSi
326
graveottiis
Howard!
nauseoBUS
Cicemiia
cxallata
ClCHORIACE.VK
Cichotium
Intybu.s
" divaricatum
CicuUi
326
326
608
261
262
362
262
5.«
CicuU
liull>ifira 3 5,V'
niai'iilata .5.i'<
: iio„i null II III lit si'i
CImlcifuga 3 5'i
Aincriiaiia 57
riiKlil'iilia 57
/'iiliiiiila 72
rai'tniosii si<
" (lissfcta 50
(iiii 1 til la
iiiaiiliina 3 4'^.
/t.ilmliit IM
Clnna i 1 5H
atniiilinaica i.fJ^
t:iit>ii, lalii io2
/tilt I iilh iiij
l.itilolia 1,5^
fifiiUiilit i,5!l
Circaea 3 4(,(|
alpina ,v>>
I.utdiana 49<j
Cl I SI II III
si'f Carduua t, pvw
lliti I idlillllll !•>!<
O.f.tHt
A»if>ilo/tih 3 11.'
f /«;;.( |12
ClSIACK.M-; 3 4,Vl
t '/)/;/(
CaiuidiHsis 4411
Citrullus
Citnillus 3 3.5' 1
Cladium i 2.H1
niariscoidis .'■*!
Cladothrix r 511J
laniiKiiiDSa 511.'
Cladrastis 2 2''4
Oil!; I a IIS 2f'4
Intra 2()4
liiiiltnia 264
Claytonia 3 2
Cariiliiiiana 1
Clianiissiii ,1
laiict'olata ,1
perfiiliata 4
Viririnica 3
Clematis 3 (t-
A<l<iis(inii (if)
C'tUr\l>jiiini 67
crispa 68
coidala 68
cxlindiicn t>8
l''rt'iiiniilii 70
III) siilissiiiia (.7
liiruslii'ifolia 6."^
ocliroleuca 'I'l
ovata 60, 79
nichni 3 68
Scottii 70
seiina 60
Sinisii 6X
-<terliiil/ari.ti 71
VirKiniana 67
Vioiiia '<)
viornioidt'S 60
Cleome 3 155
dodiiciiidra 157
iii/ii;i i/o/ia 1,55
lutea I.s6
pi 11 II lilt) ICK)
piingens 15,5
serrulata 155
spinosa i.ss
Cleomella 3 1,56
auKUStifolia 1.57
Ci.ETlIR.ACICAB 3 548
Cletbra .548
acuminata .549
alnifolia 548
Clinopodium 3 107
(inc. Calaminlha)
AcinoB 3 109
Calamintha log
glabniin 109
Clinopodium
ttlalK'lliiiii
I III II II inn
Ni |nta
viilitaic
Clintonla
Iniri ali-
( h'lillll
liiiihi i.'iilti
unilii'lliilata
Clltoria
Mari.iiia
/ ii^tiiiiiiiia
Clvfeit.'ti
ii/y.sstiidi 1
mill III Ilia
CnicuH
•-< e Carduua
liinrilulii^
//('/ ; idiil ii\
fniinilits
Ciifciiliis
I'll I It/ 1 iiif
Cochlearia 1
.li iiiititiiia
I 'iiiiinttftii\
iihliiiniiff/ia
offioinalis
Coelopleurum
(inirlini
Ctti I
dill hl'iitlis
ColeosanthuR
I /)'; /. krllia '
irraiKlilliirns
Collinaia
parvillnni
vcriia
violacea
Collinsonia
CaiiaiUiisis
Collomia
liiuaris
sfi- Cilia
C«//)itdi.. Ill
liilil'oliiiin
Comandra
livida
pallida
unibfllatn
Cttniiii <'fi.i/s
/'lanai itiide\
Comatum
pahiMrt-
CiiMMl I.IN.VCI; A
Commelina
ai;iai III
iiininiunis
till III a
erect a
hirtella
ltiiii.'il'ti/ia
nudi flora
V'irRinica
U'llldent'vii
CdMroSIIAK
Comptonia
aspleni folia
pereKrina
Comi'|:kai;
Conioselinum
Canademe
Cliinense
Conium
niacu latum
CoDobea
multifida
Conoclinium
corlfslinum
Conopholis
Americana
CoHOslylis
Americana
Conringia
orientalis
3 iiM
II I
li,H
MiS
1 U^
42«
.W<t
\">
42'(
2 HI
.U4
.*,13
3 153
■,13
3 I'M
3 P5 'I
4<il
4M^
4S8
2 'II
11.1, 114
127
I '3
ll.S
11.5
2 5211
5211
I ()8
3 313
.11 1
3 1.55
1.56
1.56
3 123
123
3 41
42
.18- 4"
I 1,57
I 5.1''
537
.sifi
53f'
3 21S
218
3 217
217
1: I 374
375
375
,175. 376
.18"
,175. 37^'
I 375
.175
375
376
37''>
3 2q.S
I 488
480
.(89
1 49
3 512
512
512
2 .531
532
3 1,50
159
3 3' 3
3 iq*)
197
I 446
3 515
5'5
[Vol.. III.
ContiDKia
pel htliala 3 .515
Ci'W.M.I VKl xtl'.AK
' 127
Convallaria hi
hirttti.i 47 i
ittininiiliihi 411
majalis 431
iiiiiint Ml 42<)
slilliila 4311
hilit/i.i .(vi
CuSVn|,\ II \l.l.,\i:
3 "I
Convolvulus 21
iii/iialii Hi 21
aiven-is 26
('a lit/ inns 3,%
linnii\lialHS 211
incanUH th
JaponicuH 25
panduiiilm i\
I'll kii initii 21
pill pill III i 24
repcns 2.5
scpinni an<l var. 2,5
spilhaiiiiHH 2*1
L'liiiy.a
asleittid' s 3 ,154
hi fill in la .15 (
liiiil'flta ,V5l
Cooperia i 1 1 1
Iiiiinniiiiiidii hi
Ctipiitsnuiiiiliii ,
liiili ici IIS
lamni/flius
Coptis
tril'dli I
Coiallorhiza
Curalliirlii/a
I una la
Mai > III i
niulliflura
(>il(int(irlii/a
striata
Wistcriaiia
Core ma
C( 111 radii
Coreopsis
alleini folia
ai islala
arislosa
aniea
aurirulata
/tidlllS
hidinloidn
cardaniinelolia
lOI itlhllil
crassifolia
(U-lpliiiii folia
disciiiili ii
Krandi flora
lanceolata
" aiitfnsti folia
" villnsa
inToliitiiilii
major
'■ Oenili > i
palniata
puhesccns
rosea
senifolia var.
tinctoria
sltllalii
tripteris
verticillata
Iricnsperniti var
li ifidii
see Bidens 3
Corispennum
hyssopifolium
CORNACKAK
Cornucopiae
altissinia i 162
liiimalis i6t
perennans 161
J 119
4.1'y
2 5,1
54
1 477
17*
47.«.
47'»
47''
47^^
470
I7H
2 ,18,1
S^-\
3 431
431
44"
440
4,39
415
437
4,1^
112
3 1.1"
131
433
I3S
435
131
431
431
44"
3 433
431
43?
431
43'
43.5
432
433
435
433
4.19
441
43'>-4'i
1 581
.582
2 542
Vot
.III.
3 MS
vel. VK
I t.'7
tu
n;
1 1 1
t ^ 1
I.U
i--»
•U"
»3"
UlAH
3 "'
-j'>
»<
// ^
ji.
S"
25
//
?
2t
.'5
<1 var. 25
1-
21.
3 .VM
,vSl
i^^
I ttl
idii
in
lllll.y
I HO
11!
\S<)
2 51
51
> 477
i/a
17"
■t7>
I
17'*
•17''
i/.a
47«
470
la
17S
2 ,<><,••,
,;.S4
3 15 1
lia
45'
44"
440
4,19
a
115
157
,/,•>
45S
K'fol
ia n2
/
3 15"
ia
151
I'olia
455
(/
t5S
nra
455
ta
151
-lifol
a 451
a
451
r.ilii
44"
3 155
rri
455
45^
lis
451
43'
a var
455
a
452
455
4
455
lata
455
mill
var. 459
441
ens
3 43f>-4"
um
I 581
ifolium ,s8j
AT.
I 542
t>iae
ita
I 162
is
161
ans
161
Vol.. Ill]
Comui
a I ha
iilttriiirolia
.\tiioniim
UH])! rifipliii
It.iiU VI
CaiiiulnisiH
caiKliiliiKitiia
ciri-iii.ita
IiiiiiniiKiiiiIii
floridii
pa III I II /a la
nil; ma
sericfa
titotoiiirtra
Kiriita
Sui riiii
Coronilla
varia
Coionopus
I Sftirfitfi il I
Cciroiiopiis
(liilyiiiiis
Ci>> Viliii'i^
Ciiiiiiilrii'iii
Klaiiiii
Mf Capnoides
Corylus
AtiiitiiMiia
t«».|rata
Cotinus
( A7;»v in part )
Aniei iiiiiiiis
cotiiiiiidis
CiitiiiU''
Cotoneastcr
( t 'laldtxii^ ill
I'yraiantlia
Cracca
( Tiphiosia I
lii'-jiiiliila
si)icata
VirRiiiiaiia
" liiildstricfa
C'aul.ui
Uiifiila
Ctassina
I // n >i ia 1
Kr.indillcpra
Crassiiaciai;
Crataegus
apiil'nlia
ai hill e\crns
CdCL'inea
•• HalK-Uata
" i>lii;andra
ciirdata
Cms ll.dli
flava
" piihe^cfiis
fir \ isfiina
j,'/aiii{ii/(isa
inacracaTitlia
tiiollis
Oxyacantlia
paivifi'lia
popiiii/olia
punctata
" caiiescttis
Pyracaniha
raceiiiosa
rotuiidi folia
spatliulata
spicala
suhfillosa
tonientosa
iiniflora
Vailiae
viridis
" nttida
Crepidiiim
glauciim
Ctepis
biennis
i 51 -■
515
51''
511
514
545
5n
515
541
51''
511
515
515
511
511
515
51'i
511
J 5111
5""
2 in
2 115
"5
2 lo|
I "5
5"8
589
2 215
part I
215
3 2l|2
295
2>I5
292
2 521
3 4"
41-'
3 1115
3 259
2.(2
2^2
242
2(2
-n?
2.(1
2((J
244
24 »
211
2 15
245
24.!
241
244
241
241
2(1
2 2(5
237
245
240
258
245
244
244
245
242
242
3 280
'111
»;i.:ni;r\i, indix
II' LATIN NA.MI'S
,S35
Crepii
Cuiciita
Cypctui
KlaiU'a
3 i^'
i'iilvK"n"riiiii
3 .^H
en iilariH
« »4.5
iiitt-ritit dia
3^1
/'///( /// ( > mill
2<)
pill :ii^
2(2
itinlii atili (
jO,
iiiHtrata
.V>
pin iiiiil.'d. (
2(1
oicidiiit.dis
i^i
li iiinlliira
21)
|)>.t llili)VeurtliH
258
/)i//l iiioipha
2^1
1: Uiilii
2H
re fiailii'.
2(1
luilclira
JH,,
tiiIl,'! 11,'a
.1"
V( Irnft.lctUH
2|1
niiK iii.ila
2.H<1
Ct'i III! lull iia
rivniari*
2lh
trl'tiirutll
2HI
1 iiiilliiilnlia
3 2"!
ri'innilns
J\i1
viriiiH
2X1
Cyclanthera
3 251
Si'lnviinit/.ii
258
nliii ia
di-'.(i.l.i
251
\fl'lllhli 1 II \
2|7
III, 1 iiir,l
2 .Ul
Cycloloma
« 57''
SIHl'IIC^US
2(2
Criitatella
2 1 Ml
alriplii'ifiilia
,577
Hlri({cisiis
215
)atm sii
IS'i
pliihtilivlliiiii
577
■/.■/ 1 1 [ 1
24.5
CrotalatiA
3 S'.7
Cymbalaria
3 Ml
Cypripadium
« 457
aiha
2''7
Cynilialiiria
1 11
ar.iillf
4.57
";a/i^
2M
C]\ iii/iiilniiii
II I'm III
4.58
riitiindifiili.i
J(>K
liyi'iii'ilr
I |M
aii( liiintii
4,57
sHKittalis
2'.M
ihIiIIIIkI Ili-iUI
4:s
ll:llthi\tl III
477
" Il7'll/I1
.''i"
(lull llll ill III
4s..
c.iiididiiiii
45«
Croton
2 V>2
Cymoptetus
» 517
liir-utiiiii
4.58
iM|(italiis
3"1
ai'anll'<
517
|>atv'(l(inim
159
KlalKluUi^UH
:i''^
f:tiiiii 1 aim
517
pIlhiM , IIS
4,5>*
I.iiidliiMMiLMianiiH
niont.iiuit
517
ri'tjinaf
4,58
3 SI."*
Cynanchum
3 "'
still liihilr
4.58
lili>l1,itit!i(i;;yiilis 2 /i,!
1 / 'inn III \ iiiini
)
Cvkii.i..\ci;ai:
2 .189
'I'lXl ll^js
.I'M
('ill I'll miiM
. '«
Cytilla
58"
Crotonopsis
2 .C'l
llll III III
|S
raceniifldra
58)
lint aril
.V'l
iiiKnini
I'l
Cyrtorhyncha
3 H5
Cm til 1 K.\i;
2 l(),S
uhl 11/ II II III
18
( l\'iiiiii III iihisin |)art )
t'l'/iiiv
\iihi iiisiim
17
( yiiihiiliii III
86
\i htietitiiilfs
I l|7
t'VN \KI.Al;
3 .V4
rannnciiliiia
85
\i/iiai iii'ii
1" i
Cynoctotium
2 IK,S
Cystopterlg
1 12
Cryptanthe
3 V.
1 Miliii'la 1
Inilliifcra
12
1 h'ljiii/. in ill
part 1
MiliiolH
(» (.
Irairilis
15
crassisi'iiala
57
pilii'liiliim
OijCi
iniiiitan.i
15
I'VniUeri
57
Cyiioitiiii
Cytisus 2 2(>i, 271
Cryptogramma
1 ^.s
l>ai Ivlon
> '75
1 lnnilhil'iiliiis
2'^>5
acni^iielioidfs
25
Cynoglossum
3 51
hC(i|)nriu»
271
Ciypliliifiiia
ii;liiiiinaliiin
5''<
Dactylis
I 2111 >
L'aiiai/finii
2 S\<i
Mill isiiiii
55
Klonifiata
21 »i
Cli niiiiii
oIlic-ilKllf
55
see Spartitia i
175-7
.1 nil I icilini III
« 177
plinslllll
55
Dactyloctenium
I 1S2
Cubetium
2 1.5"
\'irKiniciiiii
,54
AiKypliiiin
182
(.S.i/*-,/)
Cynosciadium
2 521
Aii;\pliiii mil
182
ct>nci)l<ir
456
(liMiiatnni
S2I
Diilrn
3 2S7
Ciuiihaliii
Cynosurus
I 21 Ki
iiliipii iirniilii
28S
llihin
3 >l
■ li k'X/iliiis
I.H2
lillllieillnsil
2H,S
lit: 'ens
9
crislalils
21 «i
la Mil lira
287
si ell a Ills
9
/mill Hi
ISI
II a nil
3 517
Cm iinii^
Cyiilliiii
pai I'iliiira
2 ,502
fieiiiiiiK
3 25"
llilluill iiill
3 2''4
villi III, il
290
Ci I'lKiiir All .\i;
3 24'(
/7;X'/«/c (/
26.^
see Parosela 2
2M7-S
Cucurbita
251)
Cvi'i;kai.i;ai:
I 2U
sec Kuhnistera
2Sq-ql
fiKtulissiiiia
250
Cyperus
• 25.1
Dalibarda
2 2i),S
IVlHI
25"
acuiiiiiiatus
25"
/iii!;iii iiiidrs
2|S
piieiiiiis
2.5U
ai i\liiliis
2,^7
rejjens
2"5
Cunila
3 n6
iiniiii/iiiiii riis
247
7iiilariiidrs
205
j^lahella
iiij
/liilil:, iiiii
246
Danthonia
1 '73
Mariana
II')
1 nil III iiliis
258
.■)//,///
'74
oriiranoidts
nil
C(iiiii)ressus
25>''
coiiipressa
'74
piiliXiiiiili^
I()6
cylind'-icus
245
(?labra
3 5"3
Ciipliia
drntatus
2(n
sericea
' '74
ptiiiilala
2 475
diandrns
25' >
spicata
'74
iiscosissima
473
ocliinatns
246
Daphne
2 465
Ciipiessus
IvnKelnianni
245
Me/.ereuni
465
di Willi a
I 5S
csciilcntus
241
Pai bya
III rmdi s
59
crytlirorliizos
241
niiihrll iiliilii
3 515
ClSCI lAL'KAI-:
3 27
ferox
242
/)iiiliii!;liiiiiii
2 255
Cuscuta
27
/triiii^iiifsti'iis
2(2
Dasystoma
3 '73
arvensis
28
"filicuimis
245
(inc. Gerardia ii
part 1
Ceplialantlii
29
flavescens
255
Dnimnioiidii
3 174
cliloiocaipa
28
tlaviconuis
2.17
flava
'73
com pacta
31
ftiscus
2,W
(frandiflora
174
Coryli
29
Orayi
246
laevif;ata
'74
cuspidata
3P
Halei
I 241
Pedicularia
'73
decora
29
Hallii
240
piibcsicns
•73
densiflora
27
Haspan
239
qiienifiilia, vai
• '74
Kpilinum
27
HouRlitoni
246
VirRinica
J 74
Kpitliynium
28
Hydra
240
Dalisai
glomeiala
3'
inflexus
237
liiria
3386
Gronovii
30
I.flncastrieiisis
244
Datura
3 '39
indecora
29
Michaiixiaiiiis
242
Metel
140
inflcxa
29
nucrodontus
257
Stramonium
139
paradoxa
3'
Nuttallii
236
Tatula
'39
536
C.I'M'RAL INI)i:x Ol' LATIN NAMJ'S.
[Vol.. III.
|i' i
Daucus
liiVtII /', i!!l(S
Decodon
iiqiitili, IIS
virtii'ilhitii-
Decumarin
1i.'itli,it.i
Delphinium
.1/,,,/.
it:iii III III
Caloliiiianinii
Coiisoliila
I viiilii: inn
Xelsiiiii
trioonii
uroi'i>laUini
Pendrium
■ l.,'i,'/>)i\'lhiiii)
buMloliiiiii
Dcntaria
dipliylia
lu-turi)l>lnil.i
laciiiiata
maxima
Piiiliiiiii
Xii iiki lit iiM-i
Detinga
I'l l/>/r.'tli II, (I )
Caii.iilrn'ii>
Deschampsia
alrDpiiipiin a
cai.-.])il(i>.i
lU'xiiosa
Desiiii tiiiiiii
Hill l-.ICgiillhl
tll< I'Sil
f'liiiiii/ii
S<>f,/ii,i
Desmniilliiii
hin, livli'hiix
ll/>lnl,,hll,
Desiih ill mil
see Melb^imia 2
lit II 1)1 i 11,1 1 II lit
Ciiiiiiiii'ii'i' /ill <
" /iiiii;t/i'/iiiiii
ti/iiii I
I lis/ili/il/lilll
/mill/ inn
/>■•!■, II t III
Mil, ,'11 II ill III!
Dianthera
AniLiicana
/ill III I,' IS
nvat.i
Uianthus
ArtniMia
l)arl(atii~
ileltoidis
prolifer
Sii.x I n ,isi,i
Diapedium
I Di, /if'hi ,1 •■
biachiHtuiii
l)l.\l't;SM \L'l,\i;
Diapensia
hill biiiiilti
I^appniiica
/liiifii I ill
fiiii/i/i 1,1
Diiii 1 11,1
Oiiiri liiiiii
Amfi iiiiiiii
Diiiiili ,1
see Bicuculla
Dichouuia
I cvolvulai-i.a
' iifiiin
Dichromena
colorala
latifolia
/••III ,; if>/lillil
Sicksonia
2 5<*)
SI"
2 470
■17'
2 if^s
l""5
(Ml
(1.1
51.1
5')
3 ,=ii I
1 (11.
5' I
2 5(,j
512
2 i.U
'J2-.?
'.<.i
I.f-' .«
•,i2
3 i24
2 5,1*'
2 145
"15
"45
"44
i'.i-2n
2 .^"4
"/■3"7
'i'7
S21
,!'7
,U5
1 1(1,5
3 2"!?
2.14
2114
2'>\
2 iS
M
20
IV
11)
17
3 -"'4
2i)5
2 5S2
5^2
5S<3
3 ,W5
1 icl'i
I I<).'.
2 M4
3 2"
211
211
1 25' 1
256
257
25(1
I 12
Dicksonia
fiilosi lISi lllil
piincliliiliula
nii/ii'iiiii
III III /iiiifti
Pi, /villi
see Bicuculla
I)ii.i)IY1.i:iiom:s
Didiplis
(liaiidta
//ill ,11 IS
lUi-l villi
Ciii 11//111 ill
Diervilla
DitiviUa
li i/iila
Ih.'li'i ill
S, i^i/i/l,il.)
Di(;itali.s
piii]>urc-a
I III: iliii 1,1
fi/ifniiiii-
liiniilfiisii
/iiis/<ii/,iiilr<
Si!iii;iiiiiii/i':
Diodia
leiv-
ViiKiiiiaiia
l>i,'il,'iil,i
hi,l, iilniilis
niiisc(iKi:.\i.i;.\i;
Dioscorea
vilUisa
Diospyros
Vnniiiiaiia
/>i,'li<
/.iiiiilii
Diphylleia
I yiiiusa
Diplachne
fa.sciciilaiis
/ ii;iilii
llif^hif^mi
I 1;
12
3 204
2C1.S
IO(
4S2
47"
47"
47"
■"1
242
242
i;i
171
I III
r
lOI)
1 1 1
3 217
217
21S
"ip/rpilp/lllS
see Di
3 4:,s
1 4,6
4 17
447
2 yi"
597
1 5J*"
2 <•!
(Il
I ISd
iqo
3 322
oellingeria
3 ,Vt2
;S'i
III Ill's, Ills
, ,'l III fi'l I Its
/llS/iillllS
/iiiiii iif'ii/iif.
niiiliill.ili"
Diploiaxis
imiialis
tetiiiifiilia
Iiiisxcim;
Dipsacus
I'llllolllllll
" Sillii'ltS
sylvestlis
/'//>/( I III II lllllllS
/•il/iii 111
t i/iiisiis var.
j/ill /(V
";/. Ill Ill/ill f
Dirca
(ici-iilentaHs
paluslris
/)/v, ,111 till I ,1
,1 ISM. Ill
Pisi'ifih-in ii
I iifiilliii I'll
.\iill ''ii
Disporuin
I I'll 'III I Irs
lanUKiii"suin
tracliycatpum
Distaaia
Distichlis
( I 'mill, I I
uiiii iliiiiii
spicala
Ditaxis
{.■li.cvi,il/iiimiiiii )
humilis ,^65
mercurialitia 364
.i')2
.125
3')-'
2 I Hi
1211
120
3 247
217
248
3 2')2
2i);\
202
2 46(1
1(.6
4(i'i
3 2,il
2 537
5.V'<
53S
I 43"
43"
432
35"
iq8
I.>s
364
Dodecatlieon 2 .sy.?
Meailia 5114
" Kreiiehii ,s<)4
Doellingeha 3 iqi
( /)i/'/iifiii/ifiiis)
II nivalin /ill II 3<)2
liiimilis 392
iiitirina 392
/'III I niiiniih'S 376
iimliellata 392
p.ibciis 3112
n.'/iihiis
Ciilimiv: 2 340
fiii/ysliii /iviis 33H
r,'i;ii/iiiii 335
Si urn sis 3411
Dondia i 584
( SiirJii )
/. laerieana 584
ikpiessa 5.S5
maritimi 585
Pull ill
, i/iiilii 3 327
si/iiiiiii>sir 321
Di'ioiiii inn
iiiiiii/r 3 471
I iiinniinii 3811
Draba 2 140
alpina 144
lllU/l I'silil'll 1)1
II iiilii.siiiis 142
aiirea 143
liraehycarpa 143
Caioliniaiia i |i
i.'ii/'nsii 142
I'limil'olia 141
I'Madiii/Liisis 141
liisfiitliilii i|l
iiicaiKi 142
iiiiri iiiil/iii i|i
tiemorosa 1 )3
nivalis 142
raiiiosissima 1 12
veriia 1411
/>i iiiiiriiii
horni/is i 42S
II in hr// II III la |2(|
Dracoceph-jlum 3 S7
I ,,i iliilmii ,S(>
ilriilirnliii inn iiii
mil I niriliinii iiii
Mi)l(lavieiini SS
parvinormu 87
s/ii'i hisinii 89
I'll i; III ■iin inn Si)
Di iiionlnnn
fiirlidinii \ 363
I)ROSKl(ACi:Ar. 2 UK)
Drosera ii>i
Aiiirririiii,! Kil
.■\iii;liiii Iti2
tUil'ormis 1(12
iiitermedi I ifii
linearis 1(12
l<iiiK:il'olia iiii, 163
lotniulifolia uu, 162
Irniii/hliii 1(12
Duri'ACKAl-. 2 24(1
Dryas 2 222
rliiiniiirili ifi/iii 222
nrumniondii 223
intctfri folia 222
(ictopetala 222, 223
Iriirliii 222
Dryoptetis i 13
{ Asfiiiliiiiit)
acriistielioides 14
ilillli'illil IS
Iloottii 18
Ilraunii 13
cristata 16
dilaliilii 18
Kilixnias 17
fraifraiis id
Gnldicana 17
Dryoptetis
I iilri iiirdi.i
I.oncliitis
maiKinalis
Noveboraeensis
siinnlata
spinulosa
Tlielypteris
Duche?aea
{l''i ii'^^ariii ill paiti
Indiea
Dulichium
arnndinak-enni
spiilhiuruin
Dupatya
( fur fill 1,111 1 It US)
flavidula
Dupontia
Conli'vi
I'isluri
Dysodia
rlu ysiiiilhrmoiiU's ,\^,\
pai)pi)sa 4.S3
Eatonia i 192
Duillryi
nitida
(ibtns \t 1
I'ennsylvanica
Ivlir.VALiAi;
lirlii iiiiiiii
iiiiilitslif,,l;,i
pii rjiin I'll
Echinocactus
HMiipsiini
Echinocereus
eaesiiitosns
viritiilldins
F., Ill nil, vsl I \
l.ihiit,-
Echinodoriis
cordifolius
full -.'III Its
ladieans
I ,iSll illllS
Iriirllus
I'., Iiiiiiispri iniiin
di'tlr vinn Am.
h'i'J,':i 'i/'ii I II f>
see Lappula
Er/iiirs
difU'i mi i
Echium
vuljrarc
Eclipta
alba
I'l 1 1 III
fii 0, II iiiliriis
Hl.AI.Al.NACICAl-;
Elaeagiius
at'K' iitea
( iiiiiidrnsis
ICl.Al ISAtKAl;
Elatine 2 437
Americana 2
bracliysperma
Iriaiulra
Elatinoidea 3
I l.iiiiii ill ill pall )
lilaline
spuria
Eleocharis
aeieiilaris
acuminata
albida
alrnptirpurea
capitata
( ,iin/>i rssii
ICnKelnianni
t't/iiisr/niitrs
intermedia
interstincta
melanucarpa
microcarpa
miitata
ochrcata
'I
17
15
111
18
15
2 2117
20S
247
247
247
20<)
211)
2(H)
453
"93
■93
I112
i'»3
2 59(1
3 42"
420
2 461
4(11
2 46"
461
4()0
3 -'51
25"
85
>()
Si,
M
(»)
3 413
413
4 "3
4" 3
2 4(y)
2 46(1
467-8
467
2 437
3 "15
2 437
438
438
145
"15
"45
24^
255
254
25'.
231)
255
25"
248
255
248
254
253
249
249
t
I
I iS
It
Liisis
15
111
l8
s
IS
■} 2117
1 111 I>
llti
20S
I 247
euiii
247
/;/
247
I .^7^
Huti
I 2l»»
2I1)
2«|
3 l.s.i
rmoii
^■.45.5
4M
1 11)2
"/;
"Xi
itiioa
I'l.;
2 5yi)
//.(
3 12"
420
1
2 461
4<.i
i
2 l&i
IS
461
IS
4 1X5
V
3 -'51
2,S"
I ^,s
IS
N)
!<=;
»1
3 5')
.M^
3 4
3 Of-
'XI
3 4H
413
:iis
■\K\
CKAi;
2 41X)
2 461 1
467-8
SI .<
407
-.Ai:
2 437
-2 437
3 MS
la
2 437
uriiia
43H
43«
3 M5
in parti
MS
MS
I 241s
;
2SJ
!l
25s
254
iiri'U
25' ■
251)
If
25s
iitii
251
,l,s
24S
\a
2SS
eta
24s
irpa
2S4
pa
253
249
249
Vor<. III.]
GENERAT. INDEX
or LATIN KAMI'S.
Eleocharis
Epilobium
Erigeron
iilivat'ia
I
-'?■>
liiieare
2
483
lla^ffllaris
3 3S7
uvata
251
vikIIc
4>^3
1; /'I III II lis var.
,V85
paliistris
2>l
olii^aiilliiim
483
,1:1 'iiiiiiiif'iiiiis
387
(>iiiii ifli'i IIS
262
paUistii;
■\^^
liyss'ipil'dliiis
3«7
/lyviiii'iii
2O2
paiiiculatuiii
484
inacraiitlius
.(85
1//111 .1 m^iihili,
2 19
spicatnni
481
innllis
380
Robiiiiisii
240
strictnin
483
iiiiiiii'diilis
,1')"
rostcllata
25f>
Epipactia
I
4''9
Pliiladulpliicus
388
liiHiis
2S5
I'l'iiz'itllit lit'iiit'.
473
/lil'iSIIIII
323
7\iri i-Viii:ii
2S3
H,-ll<horiiic
4I19
imlclnilus
,K8
tollilis
253
hilifo'iii var.
4^'9
pninilus
:,sri
IricDstata
251
vin'dilldia
4'-9
ratncsiis
3'^9
tuhiiculosa
^>:-,
f'fiifilii 1:11s
" IVyrid.ii
389
It'll /sent
252
I 'ii'K i iiiiuhi
3
ic»7
s/i ii;"siis
.^89
Wollii
252
I'JJlISI-.TAClCAi;
I
35
" iliSdiii/riis
,,89
ICIt'i'iii'inis
Equisctum
35
suhtriiifrvis
,,8i>
iH'lii rufiis
1
2(()
arviiise
3"
iinitlunis
385
Elephantopiis
3
3"!
tUivialile
37
vcnuis
3'.:' '
Caioliiiiaiuis
3"3
liytinale
38
Eriocarpum
3 ,i28
iMiilatiis
3"S
lacvi}>atiim
38
( .1 /'I' '/ill /'/ills ill
pan)
lOUK.MltOSllS
3' '3
/i in ''•ill in
37
Kriiidclioidi'S
328
Elcu3ii!0
t
IM
littorale
37
rnl)ii;iii(isniii
328
.III;]/'/ III
182
paliistre
37
siiiiinliisuin
3 21)
Iiulii-a
iSi
I)ratriise
i*>
I':Ki(ii.Ari,Ati:Ai:
• .i7'
mill 1 ona/it
1S2
rolmstum
38
Eriocaulon
37'
F.llisia
scirpoidcs
39
lllln/iS
373
micrKiiilyx
3
43
sylvaticum
3'>
III lii iiliiliim
.»7l
Nyilclca
45
vaii(.'«:alnni
39
loniprcssum
372
ICIi iitca
Eragrostis
I
187
drcaiiKlilare
372
iiim/>i!nii/ii/ii
2
13''-
lillll/h's/l IS
lyi
Jlii:'iilii!inii
373
('<iiiiii/rii\is
I
93
capillaiis
188
^•Ilil/lll'lliu/fS
372
Mi,'/.i/u
2
137
Ciiri'/iiii'tiiiii
180
st-plannularc
37'
i'l'iXiiiiiti
43"
curtipedici'llala
iij<)
Eiiochloa
I 110
rciihirs
4,v
ICrattrostiis
189
/'I'lfs/iti/ij'ir
1 10
Elsholtzia
3
124
i-iV/liriK;"iiu
188
piinilata
110
11 islii/ii
12)
I'lankii
1S8
/■'l iltlOlllil
r.itritiii
i-M
Iiypnoides
H)2
iii-ipii/ii/a
I I |i
Elymus
I
-3>'
major
I St)
Eriogonura
1 5|2
, lini'i ii'iiiiiis
23'
iiiiX'is/'ic'/ij'ii
18.J
alatniu
512
aii'iiariiis
?32
Diiiior
189
Alkni
513
Canadensis
23"
"vyirfils
191
aniiuiilii
511
coiKliiisatus
232
iJiM-linaeea
190
In r-.'iiiuih'
51''
clynuiidis
232
))ili)sa
ISS
cainpamilattini
51"
,i;/tiiiii/'o/iiis
23 >
/I'hir'iii/fs
■89
I'frmiiiin
51''
Rlaucus
231
Pursliii
189
corymliosuiii
511
Jfyshiv
233
ri'fracta
I'M
lO'ii'iiim
5 11
iiiteniK'diiis
3
5' '8
ir/>/iiiis
192
llavitin
515
Macounii
I
23'
sccnndinora
191
\;iiii/iliiili'iih's
545
robnslus
3
508
scssitispica
I'lii
.laimsii
5\'i
Siltii ii IIS
I
231
Iriiiiis
I'll
lai'lini'ijtyiuiin
516
Si /a 11 1 oil
2,(2
triclictdcs
191
l.inillii-iiiiiii'iiiinn
slriatiis
-'3'l
Eraiitliis
2
53
I SU
ViiKinicus
2;,(>
livfinalis
53
lonivifulinin
513
Elyna
I
28,,
Eieclitites
3
472
mil 1 iiiilliinii
51''
Ikdiaidi
2S(
liiiracifolia
473
micnitliicuni
511
Sf>iiil/,l
284
Eriaiithus
I
98
inultiv.'i'ps
515
ICIvliiis/>crminn
alopcciiroidcs
98
/'aivilh'riim
545
Ctilil'oriiiiinu
I
267
l)rfvil)ari)is
99
paiicilloruiii
515
I;.Mi'r,i'UAi:i: \i:
2
1^?
conipactus
99
snic-iiiH 5).,, 515
Empctrum
2
3'^3
saccii imidcs
'■9
■/;• Ml II inn
513
L \iiii •ulii
3'^1
liUICACKAl;
2
559
Eiioplioriim
I 271
iiidnini
3^3
Erica
573
alpiiuini
271
I'.iinnioii
cincrca
573
"i/iil'iliim
272
bilii iialiini
2
51
'IVtralix
573
I'v/'i'i iiiiiin
271
Engelmannia
3
41..
:• III'.; 'II is
573
►rracilf
273
pinnalilKla
410
Etigenia
2
5|l
liilif,'liiim
27.5
I'.ii'ihiiia
l)iill)i)sa
5|2
pdlystacliyon
273
ii'.hida
3
16
Erigeron
3
?.^\
vusstiihini
272
lipifillillS
acris
39"
SclK'uoIizi.'ri
272
Ameiiciina
3
197
" dcbilis
39"
li iqiirli inn
273
Epigaea
2
5>"
" Droibaoliianus
3''"
v,-nfin,itutii
272
IfpCMlS
571
annuiis
3
389
Vir^;inicum
273
Epilobium 2
^'^^ 5
as|)(r
385
III ilriihium
adfiiocauloii
484
llfllidiastrum
3'^9
I 'iili/'i'iiiiiiiin
3 5'.
a1l)innni
482
biilidifi'liiis
.,88
ini'.'iisi/'iiliiiii
s^
" llhl/lis
485
i-acspitiisus
.186
,i'li'inri iiliiiit
58
ana^fallidifdlinm
482
taiii/'lioi iiliim
39''
flltl'i'iillli'Stl'llS
,S9
uiii;iislifi'liiim
481
( 'tlll'll/flisis
39'
/iitiirfii
5^
coioratiim
481
iiiiirsreiis
1,8(1
Erodium
2 311
,i;hi>idiili'su 1
4^1
canus
387
cicntarinin
311
liirsntuiii
482
Ciiioliiiiaiiiim
3t8
innscliatuiu
311
Horniiiiaiini
4«S
i/iviiriiiiliis
3m I
Em/ihilii
hulifli'i mil
482
iliverifi'lis
388
•'■iiliiiiris
2 i|'i
UilifoUiim
481
Ih oebitcliitiiiiis
39"
Etvum
2328
537
I Ervum
/lirtiiliim 2
I I.l'llS
/iiiil/i/f"iiim
hii iis/>ii iiiiiin
Eryngium 2
air.i't-i'iiiii
//( \'" I ifi'l i inn
I,'-:..(.n\vonliii
pvoslralinii
V'irKinianuin
yiii I iii'/nliiiin
Erysimum 2 115,
Alli'iii'i
Ai kaiisiiniiin
aspi ruin
Ilill I'tllfU
<lii.'iiantlioides
iiiconspicmmi
liiiiiCiiliiliiin
oiriiiiiiile
Kiiniliile 3
pin-.'ilhn inn 2
/ii I /'I'liiilinn 3
/liiiihilinn 2
/'lill'il'X
syiticdltim
Erythraea 2
ciilycdsa
Ctntatiriuiu
/>"in;liisii
ixallata
imUliclla
iiiiiiDsissima
siiiiata
Erythroniiim i
alliiduni
Anuriianuiu
till fill •■III I inn
In III litilinn
nusaclmrtuni
propnllans
Eulophus 2
.Xiiicricaiius
Euonymus 2
Aiuiricaiius
atropurpnrcus
I'hirnpacus
(iliuvatus
I';ii'atokii:ak 3
Eupntorium 3
a^riratiiidcs
:il1)iiiii
" subvcnosiim
iilh'i lifntiiiin
altissiiiium
innhii^innn
iiiiiKiiiuin
avimiaUciiiii
capillifdliuiu
cm U'stiiiuiii
Jiiliiiliim
j'i'riiiiiiliiicinn
J'tfiiii iil"iiles
i;l'iiiiliil'tsiiin
i;i iiiii1i/l"i inn
Iiyssopifoliuiu
" I'll iiii'iliiin
krlieaifolium
U'luolfpis
linC'iiifi'liuin
tnaciilatiini
" anKHniiiu
pcrf'ilialiiiu
" oniuatiim
" trniK-atum
t>il"iinn
pnlK'scins
putpiirciini
" iiiiiiiiiili/oliinii
" fnlr.itum 3
nsiiiDsiim
MilniidilDliuni
" ni'iilinn
siamlcHs
3=S
329
,V'5
32H
52'
522
523
522
523
522
522
'5'
"5
152
152
122
'5'
15'
'52
116
5' 5
'5'
5>5
145
122
1,52
ri>,7
fi<i7
TkkS
rH)8
ri'«
(k),S
61)7
419
.1211
.12')
.(21)
.|20
421
421
52S
528
.V)3
.i').l
.Wt
.195
S"\
21 19
,,"6
3' 2
.,o8
3M
3""
.<")
.V17
3' 2
3"7
}'^?,
.V)7
.T17
.^"7
,V'8
3' 4
.V«)
3"')
3' "I
.1".8
3'" I
.V'7
.3"7
3"
312
3"
3">
tli
."7
.■."7
.3"7
312
3"
3'<
313
35
538
GKNERATv INDEX Or LATIN NAMES
[Voi<. III.
Eupatorium
- \
senitsi-rratum
3 3™'
scrotiiuim
,VkS
sessilifolium
,i""
" Ilriltoiiianun
310
Torrcyamiiii
!^"o
/CHn iiY.i/tiini
3"'
Iri/oliiihnn
,i"7
truncal II m
3"
verbenacfoliiim
.V"
RuriioRiiiACKAi;
2 .v'li
Euphorbia
2 /■<»
areinniij
.17'
comimilata
38(1
cornllata
37,S
ctipliospirma
.r^'
Cyparissias
.iHl
DarlitiKtoiiii
.V«
ilintata
.176
(lictyosperma
.179
ICsula
3S0
Fendleri
.174
deyeri
.172
Rlyptosperma
.i7.^
lU'liosciipia
.179
lii'teropliylta
.177
licxnKona
.17.S
liirsula
3 .S'H
lilliiiiMrata
2 .171
hypfriii folia
,17.S
Ipecaciiantiae
.177
Latliyris
377
lata
.174
tiiaculata
.173
tnarKinata
37^'
nionlana ri>f>ii.\
la 3.S1
Nicacensis
2 ,•?.'«.)
mitaiis
375
Nuttallii
37"
liiimistrata
373
olitusata
37R
Ohiolica
3S0
Pepliis
370
petaloidca
37"
platypliylla
378
polvpim'ifiilia
371
I'rrslii
.17.5
Rafiiiesqui
3 .S18
robiista
J 3S,
serpens
.172
serpyllifolia
372
stictosixira
371
:vi^o/>/i};/.ii,ir':
371
Eubhrasia
3 '«'
y.nifricaiia
18..
latifolia
1S2
Oakesii
1S2
Odiiiiliirs
181
ofliciiialis
182
Eiiphica
coiiTnlviilarca
3 .'^2
Eurotia
I s8o
laiiata
58'
Eurybia
alomerala
3 3S8
Eustoma
2 f.l2
Ruso'lliaiiuiii
(^^2
Eii^lvlh
I I.S-
Euthamia
3 347
{Sn/i(fai,'r in p;
rl)
Carolinians.
3(8
(framinifolia
."17
U'pldcephaln
348
Eiilina
Eranklinii
3 47
Eiixo/tis
rrhfiiis
I 59-1
deflr vu<i
.V>>
lividua
.S8<)
piimiliis
h<^^
Eva X
prolifera
3 .19."i
Evolvulus
3 ••■
arsitnleus
21
pitostis
21
Fagackae I ^\}, '
Fagopyrum i .s.s'i
rs( iilfiiliim ^s\
l'',iK<)))vriini ,ss3
T;ita!icnm "isi
Fagus I .SI.)
Atntticana 511
C'aslaiira dnilala 515
frrnicriiira .sri
piniiila 51:;
Falcat-l 2 ■, ; ?
( .■linfi/ii',ar/>ii)
Cdiiiosa 331
I'iU'liiii 33 (
Fedia 3 n|() 7
sec Valerianclla
/uii^i'fiyrinit 2.|'i
t^aliiiiiia 2 17
iinihiluala 2)7
Ferula
Caiiadriisii 2 ,s")
fi'riiiiiilaci'a 516
7'/7A'V,i t;|2
Festuca i 215
Iiraclivpliylla 3 sd.s
brevil'itlia 505
oapillata .si/i
drt iiiiihi'iis 1 iHs
diandra ni'i
diiriiistiila 217
clatior 217
fa^iii iilaris I 186
fluilaii.i 213
Kicanlca iis
Mynros 216
nutans 21S
(ictoll.ira 216
ovina 217
" btcvifidia 3 .so.s
pralnisis i 217
rulira 216
scalirvU.i 217
.Sliortii 21S
s/>i,-ala 3 s-i?
Ii'iiiila I 216
II II id. tides 22}
Ficaria 2 85
I'lcaria 85, 103
raitiKiiiilnides 85
[<'ic()ii)i:ai-:
Sec .\iziiaci:ai; x 5'i7
Filago 3 3(,5
f>V/ luai'iiii 3ij,s
prolifcra 31^5
Fimbristylis i 250
anlumnilis zfy)
l!ald:riiiiaiia 2'i(i
(■iif>illaris 25H
castanra 259
(iiinrrslu 260
laxa 260
Kpailicca 239
Valilii 2''m)
Flaveria 3 1 1 1
aii(rustifiilia ni
Floerkea 2 3S,s
l)ri)si'rpinacoi(l(s 3K3
Foenictilum 7 ^2S
iMitnicnliitn ,';2,s
viili^are 52,5
For fiera
niiiiiiiiiala 2 603
Fors/eroin'fi
di/Toriiiii 3 4
Fothergilla 2 192
nhiif'itlia 192
Carolina 192
(Tari/eiii 192
Fragarla 2 2116
Aniirifana 207
Canadensis nA
fiidiin 20S
rii fie IIS 209
ve-ica 207
Fra^aria
Virijiniana 2 206
" /lliiioemii 2()6
Fraiti;iil,i
Caroliiiiara 2 H)6
Fi aiiseriii
disiidor 3 21/i
lloolceriaiia 21/1
loiiieiil"sa 207
Frasera 2 mo
C.iri)liiuii'-i>i (119
Fraxinus 2 'hh)
Aintricina doi
Carnljiiiana 602
lanoeol.ita (im
nitrra foi
I'enn-iyhanica fHii
/'lalvi'ai pa fKi2
fiiiheseeii'! Cni
(inadranKitlata (■)02
sanihiii i/olia fo2
liiiilii 601
Fritillaria i (19
|//Ail .(22
atrn]inri)Uiea (19
Froelichia i "idj
I'''<)ri(laMa 5(12
vriMiili.s 503
Fiiirena i 27)
liisj'ida 274
simplex 274
s(|nartosa 27.)
FrMAKI.\Ci:AK 2 i|9
Fiimaria 2 io|, 108
Ciiciillaria 104
exiiiiia 104
/iiiii;oKn 103
ofTicinalis lo**
parvilloia loS
sem/'ei rireiis 113
Gaeitneria 3 2(/i
( Fraii^ei i.i)
Hcanlliioarp.i 296
disvolor 296
tciim nliis.i 297
Gaillardia 3 131
aristata 432
lanceol.ta 431
piiUlulla 432
simple I 4^2
sn.tvis 4^2
Galactia 2 333
ylahella 3?s
mollis ji^if,
pilosa 336
rt-Rularis 333
volnbilis 33^1
Galax 2 ■•~-^
a|)liyll.i 3S4
Giilixa 292
see Cracca 292-3
Galeopsi.t 3 92
l.adamini 92
T'lraliit 92
Galiusoga 3 142
j),iivil1oia .1(2
" liispida 1 12
Galium 3 21S
.■\ II i; I i ( II III 2\u
Aparine and var. 2jn
Arkansannni 22^
nsprelhitn 223
Herniiidense 221
boreali' 222
cireae/ans 222
" (rlabellnni 222
' laiieei>la/ii-i ??]
" moiilaiiiun 222
Clavtoni 3 22)
cone'nt\nni 223
liispidulnm 226
Kanit'-cliatieuin 222
lanceolaUiiu 221
lalifoliuni 223
l.illellit 222
Galium
Mollnjjo 3 219
ti/iliistim 224
palnstre 225
I'arisiense 219
paryi/lonim 225
pilosntn 221
" puncticnlosum 221
sepleiilrioiiale 222
spuriiitn 220
tiTietoriuni 224
" niifolinin 224
" I.abradoricum 224
Torreyi tit
trirorne 3 220
trifiduTn 224
" hi /ill ill III 223
" latifoliiim 224
" pHsilliim 224
triiiurnin 223
Vailhiiilii 220
vernni 218-19
vireatnni 221
Galpinsia a 495
{Oenolhera in part)
II.irtweKi 493
fV\Mf)l'r.TALAF. 2 348
Gaultheria 2 371
procnnibcns 372
Gaura 2 496
biennis 497
coccinea 497
filipei 497
liiiifidia 499
Mielian.xii 497
parvi flora 4(j6
pinuata 498
villosa 498
Gaurella 2 493
(rnUulata 494
Gaylussacia 2 374
bracliycera 575
duniosa 575
'' liirtulla 375
frondosa 374
resinosa 374
Gelsemium 2 604
nil id urn fi«5
senipt 1 virens 603
Gemmingia 1 452
( h'eliiiiiraiida)
irardaiilhiis)
Chitunsis 433
Genista 2 270
linct.iria 271
CiKNTIA.NACEAF, 2 Tiofi
Gentiana 2 612
acuta fii 4
aniiiis 615
aiha 616-7
Aniarella 7'ar. 2 614
Andnwsii 616
aii.s^iisli/olia 618
Calesliaci 616
Cenlaiii iiim 607
crinila 612
detonsa 614
IClliottii 616
flavida 617
C.rayi 617
linearis 617
" Innreolala 617
" tali folia 617
ocliroletua 618
I'orpliyrio fii8
propin(|Ua 614
jnibernla 613
piilchella (vk
purpurea 618
(lnini|nefolia 615
" oeoidentalis 613
q II iiiq lie flora 613
I anioKissima 6<^
rnbricanliii 617
Saponaria 616
[Vol. in.
3 210
224
22,5
210
iim
22,5
221
•uloRum 221
iiiii/e
222
220
1
22.1
nil
224
oricum 224
221
3 220
224
m
22,5
him
224
im
224
22,1
ii
220
218-19
221
3 495
ra in
part )
49S
LAG
2 S4«
2 .S71
fllS
S72
2 4()6
497
497
497
499
ii
497
■\
4<j6
4yS
498
2 49.1
494
I
2 574
ra
575
575
a
575
574
574
2 604
60,5
ireiis
60,5
1 452
iiniia'
thus)
is
45,1
2 270
271
lCEAE
2 r,(y,
2 612
614
615
616-7
^^ vat
. 2 614
A\
f)i6
^iilia
618
•i
616
him
607
fil2
614
616
617
617
617
>l<ila
617
lia
617
ii-a
618
io
618
im
614
I
61 s
ir
6.«
'•ii
618
folia
r.1,5
ciitalis 61.S
•fliira
615
^ima
60&
W's
617
ia
616
Vol. III.]
GENERAL INDKX OF LATIN NAMES.
Gentiana
1
scalui lima
2 C16 :
Sfllcl/il
iij 1
sphalu
6.,7
veiilricosa
•ii.l
villosa
618
Gi;ka.niaci;aic
2 ,140 '.
Geranium
31"
)lickiicllii
341!
Caroliiiiaiiuiu
3 12
cuHliin'inn
34 1
coluuibiiiutii
342
di.s.mctuiu
313
inaculatum
3(1
tnolle
3lt
pii.sillutu
313:
Kol)crtiamiin
341 !
rotiimlifoliuui
312 1
Sibiriciiiii
31' 1
Gerardia
3 ■■;,=;
a.spera
'"0
auriculata
17S
liisseyaiia
177
clt.'nsiHora
17.S
inleriiiedia
I7'J
linifolia
175
iiiactojihylla 1
-2, 177
iiKiritima
17''
parvifolia
J 77
paupercula
176
purpiiria
.76
l/lllTlijuliil
171
Skiniitriana
177
Icmiifolia
177
" aspenila
177
ste Dasystoma
173 4
Geum 2 2
L19, 21^
iiltmin
22' 1
CanaJeiise
220
Can 11 ill' use
221
Caioluiianum
220
ciliiilum
2iy
flaviim
221
iiiacropliynuiu
221
J'cckii
219
railialum
219
" I'tikii
2iy
rivalc
219
strictum
221
Irijliii U)ii
urbamim
2ir)
221
vcriium
220
Virgiiiiamiiu
220
Gifola
3 .195
(Urmaiiica
.v,!.";
Gilia
3 .V
aKgrigala
3'*
coiigcstii
40
coronopifulia
3«
gracilis
.1«
iberidifolia
40
inconspicua
39
linearis
42
loiigi flora
3«
minima
42
pinnatifida
39
pumila
■•o
p»iiigeiis
38
" cacspitosa
38
spicata
3'i
tricolor
4"
Gill en ia
2 107
slipnlacra
l.)S
lii/olialu
lyS
Gin'seni:
qiiiniiiic/olium 3 ,51)7
trifolinm
5";
Gisohleris
ftahnala
I 7
Glaiiilulai ia
hipinnali/iila
3 72
Caiolinensis
72
Glaucium
2 102
Olaucium
i')3
luleum
103
2 592
.S92
3 ^"*o
87
2 260
261)
26(1
210-14
3 5"5
335!
33 1
291
3.11
33''
2 ,;i.>
3'"
3 4""
3'>'<
3^'7 '
4.U .
.(. K.
.1<kS
395 i
401 I
4CX.I
4<'.)
4.>i
4u;
401
l"3
Glaiix
inaritiiiia
Glccoma
licdiracca
Gluditsia
.•ii|iialii-a
miuiiispri ma
Iriacaiilhos
Glvitria I
sec Paniciilaria
Jliiilans ani;.
oh line
.Ipioi
c'liniKui
frnlr^nii'i
mo nil ill!
liunrn/Ksa
iiinhillala
Glycyrrhiza
Icpidola
Gnaphalium
a I pin mil
Carpalliiiiini
<lccurrciis
iliinmpiinin
ilii'iiiiin
til') niitniciim
IklUri
mai'i;ari/airinn
Norvtgicum
obuisifoliuni
l)alustre
pot\iCplial:im
purpmcuni
planlai^inifoliiim ,11/1
supiiiiiiii 402
s,vlvaliciiiii 40,1
tiligiiKisuin 402
sec Antennaria
3 .197 -|u"
Conolohus 3 17-19
lacvis IS
maiitiplivlhis 17
sec Vincetoxicum
Goni'pynnn
Amoiiunum
Goiidvcra
sec Peramium
Gordonia
f.iisiaiitluis
C.UAMISl'Al, I
G raphe phorum i
I /I'sluiairum
Jlexnosum
inelicoidciim
Gratiola 3
aciiiiiinala
; auica
! Monnieia
\ pilos.i
I spli.icroc.irpa
Virgiiiiaiia
viscos.a
Griudclia 3
laiiccolala
I nil lia
\ sqiiarrosa
" mid. I
' GROSSri.AKIALT.Al'.
2
Giiilaniiina
i/iiiiiii 2
Gutierrezia 3
I'.ii.'lianiiac
S:irotlir,ic
Gyinnamli a
riihra 3
Gymiiocladus 2
Caiiaiii'nsis
clioic I
Gymnopogon i
anibiKUiis
brcvifolius
lacemosus
GY.MNCSrEUMAE I
Gyninosticlium
'llystrix-
Gypsophila
iiiiiialis
I).iiiiculata
Gyrostachys
(Spiianllu-s)
ccrniia
gracilis
latijolia
odiirala
plaiitiii;iiKa
praccox
Koiiiaiizofnaiia
siiiipUx
Gyrotheca
( Laclinanllics)
capitat.i
tiiiili'ria
Ilabenaria
2.1.1
16
16
'^
470
47'
472
47"
471
470 .
47'
470
472 '
442
I
413 I
443 1
460 ;
1 5<58
I 174-5
2 427
427
I 91
I 21n
2119
180
2U)
3 ifii
160
: 62
160
16,1
162
161
It)2
3 3-'"
321
.121
32'
,121
1^7
2^.1
3 "I
.1.-"'
320
166
261)
261
261
17S
178
■79
178
49
464,
1)U pli.iriglottis
bractcata
ciliaris
clavcUata
cristata
dil.itata
Jimbriata
llava
graiidi flora
Hookcri.ina
liypcrborca
iiitcgr.i
laccra
Icucopliaca
iiivca
obtusata
orbiculata
JH raniocna
psycodcs
tiidcniala
fiirsrrns
viridis
l[.\i'.M(iuoKALi:.\i:i
Hall Ilia
JSn-nli'iiiaiia 2
ilf/le.i a
I fall- si a
('ainliiia 3
li-liapli-ia
llAI.DUAf.lDACl.Ar.
620
620
598
5'>8
2 500
UAMAMlCI.lDACliAl;
2 192
Uamamelis 3 192, 19,1
Viigiiiiatia 2 19,1
" C aiolina 192
llainillonia
oh- if era I ,5,1.7
Hartmannia 2 492
{Ofiiollicra in part)
492
spi ciosa
Hcdcoma
lilia/a
DriiiiHilondii
jilahia
hi lia
hispida
pulcgioides
llidiia
iiuinqiiefolia
Ilcdyosmos
orii^anoidcs
lli-dvolis
sec Houstonia,; 312-14
Hedysarum ' 3 ,111
aiiiiiiinalnin 314
alpiniiiit Amcr. 311
.\mericanum
borcale
cilia re
lineatiim
!M:ickcnzii
pediinciilalum
I'irginicuin
539
Hedysarum
lolubile 2 336
sec Meibomia 2 314-20
" Lespedeza 323-4
Uclcaslrum
paludosnm 3 375
IIICLICNIIOAU 3 301
Helenium 450
autuninale 450
" pubescciis 450
nudinonim 450
piibrsiens 450
tciiuifolium 4,51
Heleochloa i 147
(Ciypsis)
sclioctioidcs 147
Helianthemum 2 439
Caiiadensc 440
corynibosuni 440
iiiajus 439
IIi:liantiihai5 3 300
Helianthus 3 421
angustifolius 422
annuus 422
atronibens 423
dccapttalus 427
divaricatus 436
doronicoides 426
giganteus 425
" I rinilHs 422
" sublubcrosus 425
grosse-serratus 425
hirsutus 428
" Irachypliyllus 428
laetillorus 428
lacvigatua 424
lacvis 436
macrophyllus 427
Klaxiiniliani 435
inicroccphalus 434
; mollis 3 426, 437
Nuttallii 436
'1 occidcntalis 434
orgyalis 422
par: ijlorus 434
patens 433
petiolaris 423
t " canescens 423
\ " can us 433
" patens .i23
i rigidiis 423
scabcrrimus 433
I snbtnberostis 425
I strninosus 427
" tnacropliyllus 427
" mollis 427
totncntosus 428
traclicliifolius 437
liibcrosus 429
" snbcaticsccns 429
Hcliopsis 3 412
hcliantlioidcs 413
105
i(/i
loO
M9
106
106
106
413
116
3"
3'>
321
3' 5
3"
2S5
312
laevis and vivr. 412-13
scabra 413
//liiosiiiidiiim
leplopliyllum 3 53.1
Hcliotropium 3 ji
convolvulaceuni 52
Cnrissavicum 53
Ivuropacuin 51
Indicum 53
tcncllnm 53
Helleborua i 5»-53
hyeinalis 3 53
oriental is 53
tri^oliiis 54
viridis 53
llelminlha
echioidcs 3 367
Helonias i 401
asphodcloides 401
bullata 403
f;raiitinra 403
Hemerocallis i 410
flava 411
54°
GENIvRAL INDl'X OF LATIN NAMES,
nynchillnis
itite)HOM(.\ I 425
Hydrangea 2 iK)
aiburtsci'iis 1S4
" Katiawliun.i 184
ni:'ca 1S5
railialii 1S5
'■iili^aiis i8|
Hydrastis 2 50
Canadensis 50
Caiolhioish 72
I/yitidclians
loidifolia I 9)
Sf>o>ii;ia t)4
Hydrocotyle 2 521, 5,^9
amhifitia 2 ,sio
AnicriL-aiia 5)o
Asialiia 511
Can by i 5)0
C/iiiiriisis 521
inlcri iipla 510
liiiiiila 521
iialaiis 5;i
ranunculoidcs 5.11
rcfianda 511
nmbtllata 5,19
" aiiihii^ua 510
virticiilata 5(0
llydi olea
Caioliiiiana 3 ,su
sec Nania 3 .|y 50
Uydi ofieliti
puipuica 2 .(2
HYUUOPnYLI..\l.ICAI-;
3 43
Hydrophyllum 43
api)i:niliciiliiUini 41
Canailtnsi- 41
lu.icrciphylhnn 4 1
VirRinicuni 43
Ilytiifiiallu I mil
a III I'll III 3 453
Hymenocallis i 144
ncoident.ilis 445
llyiiit'iiolitbiia
dh'iii icn.'iis 2 138
Hymenopappus 3 \\s
Carolinensis 44,5
coryniboHUS 445
filifolius 446
flavesceiis 446
scabiiisafiis 44 s
Unuifolius 416
IIVMi;N()riivi.i.\ci:.\i-:
I
Ifynteiitnys
lineal tjolia 3 44S
vdi'Uila 4-19
Hyoscyamus 3 i.iS
niKtr i,;S
llyixci IS
Caioliiiiana 3 2('i4
mini inn 2(1,5
I'ii^inica 261
llYlT.UICACl'.Ai; 2 427
Hypericum 2 427, 429
adpicssiini 4,-ii
ani;ii/iisiiin 432
Ascyron 429
boiiiile 43)
camfianiilalinn 436
Canadonsc 4,15
rmyiii/hisiim 4,^^
densifloruni 430
(Uilabri forme 432
IlriiiMniondii <; ■
ellipticum 4.,
tralioides 431
Kraveolcns 433
Kyinnanlbiini 434
Kalniianuni 431J
Lasiaiilhiis 427
maoiilatuni 433
niajus 435
nuililuni 434
Hemetocallis
Hieracium
fulva
I 411
muiornm
3 283
HcmianitiHs
panicnlaliim
2Mi
viiiiantlicmoid
t'S
I'iloscUa
2H3
3 !'"'(
" I'cU teriaiuini 283
Hemicarpha
• 275
pracaltum
284
micrantlia
275
pratense
2S4
siibsquai 1 osa
275
> iiiii inaliiiii
280
Hendecandra
scabnim
287
Tf.rrii sis
2 ^(>i
spathiiUi! It III
2«3
Hepatica
2 '-5
timbellatnin
28(1
acuta
66
vcnosnm
a'^S
aciililoha
66
viilKattim
283
Hepatica
65
Hii-i otldoa
IrilKha
t'3
alpiiia
I 132
Heracleum
2 513
htiiralis
132
laiiatum
5'l
paiuifloi •
■32
Her/vslis
3 'W
IIUM'OCASTa.n ACI
AK
ani/>/rtiiaii/is
Kx)
2 400
ninri/ii/ia
160
Hippuris
2 501
Miinniii a
1 61 )
inai ilinia
5"t
nii;i/'s,i IIS
ifxi
tctrapliylla
50'
See Monniera 3
160-1
vnlKaris
5"i
Hesperis
2 IM
Hoffmanseggia
2 2,S9
ptnnalifida
1*3
Falcaria
239
matrc'iialis
>.';4
Jamc-ii
250
Heteranthera
I 37')
sti nid
2,S',l
dut)ia
3^o
Holcus
I 1().S
gianiima
3^
al pi nils
132
limosa
380
Hall pi nsis
104
rciiifonnis
3^"
lan.ilus
168
Heterotheca
3 32'
/.; 1 II \
!<)"
J.aniaiikii
322
I'din.lhlS
■32
subaxillaris
322
Holosteum
2 28
Heuchera
2 17S
iinibcllatnni
28
Americana
'79
Homalobus
2 3"5
liispida
I So
(Asli ,ii;aliis in
part)
" hirsulicaulis
iSo
cacspitosus
3.6
pubescens
179
inontanus
3,/,
Hiiliai dsitnii
IN)
iniillilhii lis
3'>5
KiiKelii
178
tcnclhis
V'5
villosa
179
Homalocencbrus
I '128
Hf.vafilioiiia
( /.,-, ;-.(/(0
prlinlaris
2 176
Icnlicularis
129
Hexalectris
I 4!So
oiyzoides
129
( ///(•/(,; 1
VirKinicus
129
aphyllus
481
Iloiiiohvpa
.•Hfiiainosus
Hibiscus
l-^I
iiiaci aniliiiin
I 5)9
2 424
//oiUrnya
lasiucarpus
425
piplmdc's
2 36
niilitaris
425
Hopta
Mosclieutos
424
liniloriu
2 597
iiisrns
424
Hordeum
I 22S
SyriacHS
420
j\ibatnm
229
Trionum
425
murinuin
229
Vii^itiiciis
424-5
nodosum
228
Hicoria
I 4S4
pi ale nse
22S
(C'liy)
l)UhillUlU
229
n1l)a
1 4,%
Ho<a,kia
aiiuatica
4S3
Pin \l:iana
2 28.T
borealis
3 512
Hottonia
2 5M.
Carol inae-septe
ntrio
iiillata
5*^1'
iialis
3 5"
Houstonia
3 212
glabra
I 4S7
aURUstifolia
215
" liirsuta
3 512
ciliolata
214
" odoiala
I 4S6
cocrnlca
212
" z'i/losa
3 5'2
/.iiinari iniiici
213
laciniosa
I 4S6
loiini folia
21 1
microcarpa
4t)6
minima
213
minima
4S,S
minor
2" 3
pallida
3 512
palms
2'3
ovata
I 4H5
l)urpurca
214
Pecan
4'<4
" calycosa
214
siilcala
4S6
" pubescens
214
villosa
3 512
scrpyllifolia
213
" pallida
.SI 2
Icnuifolia
2'5
Hieracium
3 2S2
Hudsonia
2 4)o
aurantiacum
284
cricoidcs
4M
lull hal urn
287
tomcntosa
IM
Canadcnse
286
Humulus
I 529
Greenii
285
I.upulus
5,)0
Gronovii
287
Hutchinsia
2 I3«
lonRipilum
287
piDcuinbens
■38
Marianuui
285
Hyacinllius
viol/e
283
bolryoides
1 424
[Vor,. III.
Hypericum
nudicaulr 2 43C
perforatum 433
piiiolaliiin 437
prolilicnni 430
pyrainidalnm 429
Saiol/ira 436
sijjiaerocirpum 431
virpatum 432
" ovalifolium 432
I'll i;i nil II til 436
Hypochaeris 3 265
Klabra 265
radicata 265
llypopellis
iiblusa I 1 1
Hypopitys 2 556
Hypopitys ,556
Monolropa 556
Uypopiiriini
-jii licillatiim i 2S3
Hypoxis I 445
eiecla 446
liirsuta 446
Hyssopus 3 no
aiiisalw: 85
ofTicitialis no
See Agastache S4-5
Hystrix i 233
(Aspiiila)
llyslrix 233
Ilex 2 390
Aniclancliier var. 392
Cassine 2 391
(01 iacea 3 519
Dalioon 2 391
dccidiia 392
Klabra 391
laevigata 393
lucida 3 519
mollis 2 392
monlana 392
monticola 392
opaca 390
vciticillata 392
" jiaili folia 393
" tcnuifolia 393
vomitoria 391
Ii.tCACi'.Ar. 2 3(p
Ilicioidcs 2 393
(Xeniopanlhcs)
mucioiiata 393
Ilysanthes 3 163
atlciiiiata 164
(rratioloidis 163
" f II rli pedicel. 164
riparia 163
Impatiens 2 403
aurea 404
billora 403
fiil:a 403
pallida 404
Impcratoria 2 514
fl'-trutliiutn ,si5
Indigofera 2 292
leptosipala 292
Inula 3 404
dirai iiala 330
eriiiiidcs 383
faUala 323
gossypiiia 323
f;raniini/olia 322
Ilcleniuni 404
Jfa liana 323
siiba \ illaris 322
iNfl.ICAK 3 3CKI
lodanthus 2 123
( 'flielypodiiiiii in
part )
hrspcridoides 123
pinnatilulus 123
lonactis 3 39^
( Diplopappiism part )
linariilolius 393
lonidium
[Vol,. III.
i'
2 ■\?fi
111
43.1
m
4,17
11
430
alum
429
436
irimm
431
432
>liuiii
43»
■u»i
4.16
i
3 265
265
265
I II
2 556
ys
.^•5'')
pa
556
lit
J III in
I 2S3
1 445
446
4.(6
3 no
«5
s
liO
3tache
84-5
'0
1 233
233
2 390
cliier V
ar. 392
2 .Wi
3 519
2 .39'
392
.391
1
393
3 .S'9
2 392
a
392
la
392
.VP
;Ua
392
olia
393
fuli.i
393
ia
391
2 yp
2 393
a III lies)
Uii
,W3
3 ii'3
a
164
i(Us
•63
ficilicti
. 164
163
2 4i'3
404
403
403
4"4
a
2 5'4
iuiu
.SI 5
2 21)2
)ala
292
3 404
It la
?,io
'S
3«3
323
iia
323
i/olia
322
nil
4"4
(11
323
'la lis
322
3 ,3""
2 123
'xidhiiii in
do ides
123
lulus
123
3 .393
>(i/i/)«iiniiarl)
dIius
393
Vol,. III.]
lo III dill m
lineare 2
polygalac/oliii in
45<5
4,S6
22
23
22
23
24
23
24
45
23
24
22
23
503
593
593
417
417
45'->
449
451
45<J
45'J
450
4 -50
450
4(S
419
45'
419
450
45'
452
4(8
45<i
77
Ipomoea
Carolina
cocciiiea
commulala
liederacea
lacunosa
Icplopliylla
Aj'clelea
patidurata
purpurea
Qua modi I
Iriclwcaipa
Itesine i
cclosioides
paniculata
IRIDACI5,VE I
Iris I
apliylla
Caroliniana
cristata
ciiprea
Dueriuckii
fulva
Gerinanica
graiilis
hcxagoiia
Hookeri
lacustris
Missouriiiisis
prisnialica
rseudacuius
verna
versicolor
ViiXiiiiai 448,
Isanthus 3
( Tricliostcma in part
bracliiatus 7
eoerulcus t
Isnardia
( Liidwigia
paluslris
Isoi:t.\i;i:aiv
Isoetes
J!ra It II a
liutleri
Dodgei
ICatoni
ccliinospora
KiiKelnianiii
I fovcolata
lacustris
tiiaciospoia
nielaiiopoda
mttriiala
rip.iria
.saccliarata
Tuckcrniaiii
Isopappu.s
divaricatus
Isopyrum
bitcniatuin
hi/oliitm
Itea
Virginica
Iva
a It It It a
^iixilhiris
ciliata
^ frutoscens
R inibriciita
■* xantliiifolia
a e II la
Cliiiieitsi.s
Ixophoius
t ( Sria ria )
J Rlaucus
f Italicus
i verticillatus
viridis
facksoiiia
liacliyspcnna 2 158
2 476
in part)
476
I 45
45
46
48
3 495
495 !
I .((•)
48
3 495
1 40
46
48
47 I
47
47'
¥'•
3 329
3i'>
2 54
■■54;
54
2 187 .
KS7
3 292 ■
293
293
293
292
293
291
I 452
453
I 125
136
127
120
126
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
Jatropha 2
stiinulosa
Jeffersonia 2
Jlailonis
hiitala
dipliylla
JUCr.ANDACEAE I
Juglans
cintrea
nigra
luiiieiilosa
sou Hicoria i 484-
JUNCACIvAU I
Juncoides i
(I.iizula)
canipestre
liyperboreum
neiiioiosum
nivalc
parvilloruni
pilosum
s])icatum
Juncus I
aciiuiinatus
al (It It lis
ai isltilaltis
articulatus
asfier
ISiilticus
bigluiuis
bracliycarpus
bracliyccplialus
bufonius
bulbosus
Catsaritnsis
eampestris
Canadensis
castaiicus
conglonu'ratus
dehtlis
dicliotoinus
dilTusissiinus
elTusus 3S2,
l'.it'j,clmaiiiii I
filifiirmis
(Iciardi
Cirecnti
gyniiiocarpus
I.ecisii
loug'stylis
niaritinius
niargiiialus
incgaceplialus 399,
niilitaris i
iteiiioiostis
nodosus
paivijioiits
pelocai'ims
ptiosiis
polyiepli.alus
rt'peiis
Ricliardsoniaiuis
robustns
K(H iiicriaiius
Sfirpiiidi's
siciindus
sc'taceus 1
Sill Hit a
spicaltis
slygius
siil'lilis
tenuis
Toricyi
trifidus
IriKluniis
Vascyi
Juniperus i
cdiutmiiiis
nana
Sabina
Sihirica
Viigiuiaua
Jussiaea 2
hiaihycarpa
decurrens
541
^68
Jussiaea
k'iyiiil:kia
,V'9
dilTu'a
2
48,,
^lomciala
3 5S
92
1 cpcits
480
Jamesii
5><
92
Juslicia
sei icea
58
02
biachiala
3
20^
Kuhnia
3 314
92
Kallstroemia
2
352
eup.itiirioides
3'1
41^3
niaxiiua
.352
" coiyiiibtilosa
315
4f^3
Kalmia
2
5'>3
gluliii'osa
315
484
angustifolia
593
stiniroli'iis
3'5
4«3
glauoa
5'i4
Kuhnisteta
2 289
486
liirsiita
.Sf'l
(J'elaloslemoit)
-4H7
latifoli.i
.S" I
Candida 2 289. 2911
3«'
" myrtifolia
5''l
" oicideitlalis
2 290
.196
Keeilia
conipacta
289
skinohasis
3 319
foliosa
291
.398
Keitliopltyta
inulli flora
290
39.'^
iiioitlaiia
2
306
oligopliylla
2. Ill
397
viridis
3'J<5
purpurea
2110
39'<
k'liatilia
leiiuifolia
291
.597
aifeitsis
3
249
villosa
291
.•59"
Kneiffia
2
48.1
Kyllinga
I 247
397
(OHiiolltera in
part )
puniila
247
3S'
Alleni
2
19' '
Kylliitffia
395
fruticosa
19'
iiiaitilala
I 275
.19'
" pilosella
491
ortilaiis
245
3S8
glauca
49'
I,A11I.\TAIC
3 74
,i9'
linearis
49"
Laeliiiaiillies
.392
linifolia
489
liucloiia
I 441
3«4
iDiigipcdicellata
49<j
Lachnocaulon
I 373
3^9
piiniila
4<ii
aiici ps
373
39i
Kobiesia
I
284
Mieliauxii
373
.591
bi partita
28 1
Lacinaria
3 3'5
.5^5
1 ill it ilia
284
(Li a Iris)
3V'
sfiipiita
284
acidola
:i^7
392
Kochia
I
581
cylindracea
3,6
39S
.\iiicricaiia
.581
ciegaus
3"6
391
ahiplicifolia
577
giauiiuifolia
3'S
389
.Scoparia
5^1
" pilosa
3>8
ii-i
Koeleiia
I
'93
punctata
316
395
cristata
'91
jiycMostachya
317
3'"i7
nil id a
'91
searios.-i
3' 7
S'-P
I'ntitsyli'aitiia
■9.)
" sciuarrulosa
3'7
Sf'S
Koellia
3
Ill
spicata
3'8
?{^i
(inc. Pyciiaiilh
■III It III
" puinil I
3'8
3'S3
and Ilracliyslcintiiii )
squarrosa
315
.385
albescens
3
114
" iiUcrmedia
3't'
i^l
aristata
"3
Lactuca
3 273
:iS3
clitiopodioidcs
"3
aril lit iitala
275
^^i
llexuosa
II I
Canadensis
274
3S8
liysscipifolia
"3
" luontana
274
3«4
iiicaua
"1
floit'.;ala vars.
274
388
niontaiia
"5
rioridana
275
3'>4
iiiutica
"5
liirsuta
274
39'
pilosa
112
iitleffrifolia
274-5
397
pycnantliemoid
cs
"4
Ictieophaca
3 276
.392
virticillata
112
" iiiUf;ri/olia
276
.197
\"irgiiiiana
112
I.iKloviciana
273
39<'
Koi'itii^ia
j)ulcliella
275
396
hiaiidica
I
5|2
sagillifolia
274
39.i
Koiiiga
2
'53
saiigtiiiiea
271
388
( Alys^iiiii in part)
Scariola
273
,i9'
niarilima
'53
spicata
270
.•;95
Korycarpus
I
19'.
" inlegrifolia
27(5
,3-^4
( niai 1 licna)
villosa
275
3'13
ai iiiidiiiaicus
inii
r.AMlACKAE
3 74
3S6
diaudnis
1./
Laniium
9.1
T^^l
Kosteletzkya
2
423
albniii
95
38.i
ViiKiiiica
4? I
amplexicaule
94
397
Ki< \mi:iuaci:ai:
2
21 >i
liisptdtilinii
9'
3^9
Krameria
2
261
niatiilatuni
"15
39"
sccundillora
21)1
purpnreuni
94
3^6
Kraunhia
2
293
l.apoi tea
3''2
( ll'isleiia)
Canadensis
I 533
3^5
IVuteseells
291
Lappa
390
niaciostacliys
3
5'7
major
3483
38"
A'l tX'ia
minor
484
59
ample viiatilis
3
263
lomeiilosa
483
.59
Cat otiitiaita
264
Lappaffo
60
/>iiitdrlioii
264
raeemosa
I 105
&->
oitideitlalis
264
Lappula
3 54
60
opposilifiilia
263
(luliinospenntim)
6.)
I 'i Iff i nil a
2(34
Ainericana
3 56
480
Kiyitilzkia
3
56
floribunda
55
478
ciassisepala
57
I.appula
54
4S0
Fen leii
57
Afyosolis
54
542
GHNHRAL INDKX 01' IwVTiN NAMF.S.
[Vol.. III.
i: I
Lappula
Leonlice
Leapedeza
Limosella
Tixiiiia
3 55
Hidliih oidrs
2 91
viohKea
2 322
temiifolia
3 16s
\'irt'iiiian,i
5S
Leontodon
3 -^''<''
" aiii;ii\li/olia
323
I,i.\.\i.'i:aiv
2 3l«
Lapsana
3 2h2
aiitiiniiiak'
:'( ii 1
\'ir;riiiica
32.5
Linaria
3 '45
Cdiiniiiiiiis
262
( a 1 I'll Ilia II It III
2:9
Lesqiierella
3 1)6
Canadensis
146
Larix
I 51
liii liiiii
2' .6
( / 'esiciii ia in p
ail)
(.ynihalai ia
144
,/ meritana
51
niidicaiilo
2(.(i
arclica
nS
Ehilina
"45
liiriciiiii
54
Taia vaciim
2;i
" I'liisliii
',!«
Keiiislaefolia
146
Lathyrus
2 5-'9
Lconurus
3 ')2
arRriUia
■37
Linari.i
H6
dLcapliyllus
oil
Carili ira
•I,;
IvMK'tlmaiiiii
137
repens
'47
glaiiii/oliiis
5^2
Marrnbiastrum
93
Klob(i-a
136
spill ia
145
linrai is
3'6
Sibiricus
"3
uraeilis
137
sliiala
M7
111:11 iliinuH
3.V)
Lepailivs
3 41^
l.iidoviciaiia
•37
vuli;aris
146
iiiyrlifoliiis
.1^'
col inn iia lis
419
ov.ilifolia
1,17
1. in del a
" iiiacr.intliiis
•i.ii
" piilclui 1 iiiia
4111
spatliulata
'jtJ
Jlen:oin
2 98
orlinikucus
.Vi2
piiiiiiila
415
l.ciii aiilliciiiiiiii
iiichsiae/o/iii
98
ornatiis
3.i'
Til lilies
419
air lie 11 III
3 457
l.indeinia
palusllis
5,1"
Lepargyraea
2 4''7
:ii!'^aic
457
altciiuala
3 '<34
fiolvnidi films
351
[Sill pliri ilia)
Leucelene
3 ?,'^^
Linnaea
3 234
pratt nsis
xy-
arRciiU'a
4'.S
( . \sler in part)
borc.-alis
235
wnosiis
53'>
Caiiadi n^is
467
ericoicles
3'^.'i
I.ininyiis
I.ArKAClCAi;
2 95
rotiinilifolia
467
Leucocrinum
1 411
llotaidi
3 326
/mid IIS
l.c/'iilaiiclie
inoiitaninn
411
Linuir.
2348
ncn:oi<i
9S
conipo'iitariiiil
3 31
/.eiuop'iysalis
Hoollii
35"
Ho 1 ho Ilia
96
Lffiiiiaiillnis
•jiaiiiiillora
3 133
catliarlicum
35'
Ciiroliiieiiiis var.
filivlliiiillioiilcs
3 51S
Lcii.'opsiili 11 III
d iff" sum
35"
j; I'll ir 11 ill /a
')7
Lcpidium
2 IK^
. 1 1 {ansa II 11 III
3 319
I'ioridauum
3.'^."
melisuiei'olia
,^S
api laliim
112
Lcucothou
i S',i>
luimile
348
Sassa/ias
97
caiiil>i.'Stro
in
axillaris
5f>6
I.ewisii
319
Lavauxin
2 495
il illy III 11 III
'13
Cati sbaei
5'i7
medium
349
(Oluiollieia ill
pan )
Itraba
III
raceiiiosa
567
peienne
349
bracliycar|)a
403
i 11 Ici- Died ill III
112
vecurva
5''7
riKidum
351
triloba
•l'i5
medium
112
spicala
5"7
SI in pi ex
35"
" W.itsniiii
405
prociinibiiis
13S
spill II losa
567
striatum
35"
Leavenworthia
2 15 1
ruderile in, 112
Liiiliis
sulcatum
35"
Aricliaiixii
"35
sativum
112
see Lacinaria 3
V5 'S
usitalissiinum
348
torulosa
135
VirRiiiicum
112
i;i aiiiiiii/olia 3
i(j ',1^
\irKiiiianiim
349
uni flora
135
Leptamnium
3 "97
" d 11 bio
3 3i«
Lipai is
Lechea
2 4|i
{ /Cfiiplic^iis)
ill lei media
3,r,
liliilolia
1 476
inUriiK'dia
411
Vii«iiiianuiii
107
odoialissiiiia
3'9
I.oeselii
477
jiiiiipcrina
414
Leptandra
3 171
panic II lata
3"9
Lipocarpha
I 275
I.cKBttlii
■145
( / 'eioiiica in p
111)
p 11 mi la
3'«
iiiaculata
275
major 4,
59. 442
VirKinici
3 171
s/)icala
Lippia
3 72
iiiaritima
443
Lcplanlliiis
I :v-o
" monlaiia
31S
euueifolia
73
minor
442 "3
see Heterauthera
si/iiari iilosa
317
laneeolata
73
A'ovae-Carsaicaf 412
I 380
Liguaticum
2 5"!
nodi flora
73
raceimilosa
2 4(2
Leptilon
3 'h'y>
aclaei/'o/iiint
5"9
Liquidambar
2 193
stricla
44)
{ l'.iii;eioii in p
art)
Caiiadense
519
a^pli'iiifolia
I 489
temiifolia
443
Caiiadense
3 391
Scdtieum
5'9
pcre::;yina
489
tliymifolia
442-3
divaricaluin
39'
Ligustrum
2 (h)\
Styr leiflua
2 193
villosa
442
Lepiocaiilis
vulfiare
(.o)
Liriodeudron
2 49
Ledum
2 ,S57
ilivai icoliis
2 537
Lilaeopsis
2 52''
Tulipifera
49
buxi/oIiiiiH
562
cell ill a Ills
557
( Cianlzia)
f.isianlliiis
Groi'iilaiKlicuti
557
paleiis
527
lineata
521
glaiici/olius
3 612
lalifoliiiiii
5^7
Leptochloa
I 1S2
1,11.1 \e'i;AK
I 410
Rnsselliaiius
612
pal'uslre
557
mucronata
1S2
Lilium
I .(if)
Listera
I 472
I.eersia
Leplodaclyloii
aiidiinini
4"7
auslralis
473
see Homalocenchrus
caespilosiim
3 f^
Caiiadense
4'7
convallarioides
473
I 120
[.cplo<;lollis
2 255
Caroliiiiaiium
41S
eordata
473
Legouzia
3 255
I.eplopoda
Catesbaci
417
reiiiformis
3 5"
(Sfieciilaria)
brachvpoda
3 45''>
Cirayi
41.S
Lithospermum
3 63
bi flora
250
Leptorchis
I 470
riiiladclpliiciim 416
angusti folium
65
Uptocarpa
SS*"'
U.iparis)
siiperbiiiu 4
7, 4KH
arvense
63
pirfoliata
256
liliifolia
476
tiKriiuim
419
canescens
65
LlicUMINOSAi:
2 262
I.oeselii
477
umbellatum
4'7
Carolinianum
65-6
LeiiifilivHiiiii
Leplosei IS
I,i.mn-.\ntiiaci;ai
2 3^5
C.iiielini
65
buxifoiiiim
2 563
soiielioides
3 270
Limnauthemura
2 622
liirliim
65
I.icnNi:iUACi;AK
I 4S9
Lcpturus
I 225
a(iiialieiitii
623
lati folium
64
Leitneria
489
filiroriiiis
226
laeiniosuiii
C22
ollleiiiale
64
I'loridana
4H9
paiiiciilaliis
179
nympliaeoides
623
pilosum
64
I,i:mnaci:ae
I 365
Lespedoza
2 321
liaclivspci mum 623
lenelliim
52
Lemna
365
atiffustifolia
324
Limuobium
I 94
Torreyi
64
AtiKoleiisis
i(^?,
capitala
32)
Spoii^ia
'H
I'iiXinianiim
67
gibba
1<>1
" SCI icea
32 1
Limodorum
I 4.S0
Li 1 sea
minima
3 5'«i
frutescens
325-4
(Calopoi^ron)
t^eniculala
7. 97
minor
I -//i
bitta, and var.
321
piaeciix
471
Littorella
3 2"
paucicoslata
,V'5
leptostaeliya
2 325
tuberosum
480
lacuslris
211
perpusilla
366
loiitji folia
524
11 ni folium
4S,)
uuiflora
211
jhil villi za
31'' 5
Nuttallii
322
Limonium
2 594
L()A.SACi;AIi
2 458
irisulca
366
polyslacltya
32 1
(Slalice)
Lobelia
3 257
VaUliviaiia
366
procumbeiis
322
Carolinianum
59 1
amoena
258
Lemnliys
repens
321
Limosella
3 164
" glandulifera
258
hyaciiilhiiia
I 423
reiicniala
323
aipiatica
1C15
Canbyi
261
Lentibulacuak
3 i8«
striata
32,=,
auslialis
165
eardinalis
258
Leonlice
Stuvei, and vars. 323
calycina
160
Dortmanna
257
Vol,. III.]
Lobelia
glandulosa 3 259
inflatii 2(io
Kalniii I'fo
kptoslacliys 3 26c 1
Niiltiillii 211
paluilos.i 257
piibL'r\ila 2,S9
spicita 2,sy
" liirtilla 2,st)
" parviflora 2-tU
syphilitica 25S
" I.udoviciatia 25S
f.obiilaria 2 153
Locflingia 2 ,;H
'IVx.iiia ,^S
I,OGA.N'IACK.\i; 2 604
Loiseleui ia
procumbent 2 563
Lolium I 223
pcrcnne 223
teinuloiituiu 223
Lonicera 3 237
Capri folium 237
ciliata 2)1
coerulea 240
Dici villa 2(2
dioica 23S
Doufilasii 238
(lava 239
i; I a in a 2;,.''
Klaucescens 238
IHmla 237
liirsuta 2^8
involiicrata 242
Japoiiica 240
Maiylandicii 2 Tki^
oblontrifulia 3 240
parviflora 238
senipervirins 239
Sulliv.iiUii 2V)
Svmphoricarpos 236
Tatarica 241
Xylostcutn 2)1
J.ophanlltu<:
see Agastache 3 84-3
aiiisiiliis .S3
LophiiH'arpiis 1 !~6-7
Lophiola i 446
Americana 44*')
a urea .((6
Lophotocarpus i 86
(Sagillaria in part)
c.dyciiius ,87
I,oRANrii.\cn.\i-; i 534
Lotus 2 279
(inc. ffosackia)
Americanus 2811
corniculalus 2.80
sericeus 2S0
Lo:vellia
aurea 3 \=,t.
Ludwigia 2 477
alata 478
alternifolia 479
" linearifolia 479
atcuala 477
cvliiidrica 478
decurrens 480
srlandulosa 478
liirtella 479
linearis 470
paliiilris 476
polycarpa 478
rudis 477
snliaerocarpa 477
Ludwigiantha 2 476
(l.udzvigia in part)
arcuata 477
Lunaria 2 133
annua 134
biennis 134
rediviva 133
Lupinus 2 2(38
GKNKRAI, IN'DI'.X OF I,.VTIN
Lupinus
argeiiteus 2 209
ar^oplnllus 2(,<i
dtiuiiiheii'! 26<)
oriia/m \-,\r. t;lab. 261)
perennis and var. 269
riattcnsis 2('j9
pusillus 270
I.uzula
sii- Juncoides i 396
Lychnis 2 13
afliiiis i.T
alba 13
alpina 7
ajjetala 13
Clialceilonica 14
Curonaiia 16
dioica 14
dill ma 14
IJrummondii i,-,
l'"loscucuH I 1
G iiha, i;i> 7
Tespirlina 13
Lycium 3 137
llarbarum var. 13H
vulsare 138
Lycopersicon 3 137
(^o/tiiiiiiii in i)art,
Lycopcrsiiinii)
esculenliim 137
r.ycoptrsicon 137
I,YC()rui)i.\ci:Ai; i 39
Lycopodium i 39
alpiiuun 42
aUipecuroides 41
unnutinum 42
a pod inn 45
Carolinianum 43
clavatnm 43
C(jmplanatum 4;
dendroideiim 41
inundatinn 41
lucidulum .in
obscurum |[
rupesli e 4 (
.sabinaefolium 42
se/ax'inoidcs 44
ScUiKo 40
Lycopsia 3 68
arvensis '>■■<
l'irifiiii(a 63
Lycopus 3 1 16
Americanus 117
Kuropacus 118
■' vars. 117 118
lueidus iiS
rubellus 117
seshilifolius 117
sinualiis 117
Viiifiiiictis 116
Lygodcsmia 3 276
juiicea 2-(>-y
minor 268
rostrala 277
Lygodium i 7
)),ilmatum 7
Lroiiia
lii;iislriiia 2 5711
Lysimachia 2 587
liybrida 5911
lonf;i/olia 5<)i
Nuinmularia 5X9
punctata ,^88
fiuadri folia ,'588
siricia 5S8
Icrrestris 588
Ihyrsifloia 591
vulKaris 5S7
see Steironema 589-90
I.VTlIKACi'.Mi 2 468
Lythrum 3 471
alatuni 472
Hyssopifolia 471
Kennedyanum 472
lineare 472
Lythrum
pflii>la!iim
Salicaria
veitieillatnm
Vuliierari 1
Maclijcranthcra 3 3> |
sessilillora 3^)
tanaeetifnlia -,"^1
Madura
aiiranliiii a i 329
Macounastium i 341
Inlaiidieum 312
Macrocalyx 3 .13
i/://isia)
Nyclelea 45
.Mac.noi.iackai; 2 47
Magnolia 2 47
acuminata 48
iiiiriciilala 47
I'rascri 47
X/aiua 4S
miieropliylla 47
iripetala 48
iiiii!ii,-lla 4"<
VirRiniana .(8
yfalioiiia
ripe II -i 2 90
Miiianlliennnn
( 'ii II II dense i 431
Mairania 2 572
( Arcloslapliylos in
part)
.ilpiiia .573
.'Ifa/iit/iodendron
ozaluiii 2 .(27
Malapocnna 2 97
( 'I'lirnnllieraJ.iliea )
HI nieuhita 97
Malacotlitix 3 269
sonelioides 270
.l/,//,/.i/s-
unifolia \ 476
Malus 2 2.;(
ansjustifolia 23 (
corunaria 233
loeiisi.s 235
Malus 2",6
Soulardi 23s
MAr.VACICAK 2 413
Malva 2 410
Aleea 417
Caroliniana .(23
cocci nea .\2\
crispa 417
in:'i>lucra/a 419
uujscliata 417
rolundifolia 4i('), 417
sylvei-tris 416
liiiiuf^iilala 419
verlicillata 417
Malvastrum 2 420
angustum 42>>
ciicciueum 421
^f•U:ropsi3
It is pi da 2 420
Miiiinllaria
A'u//,i//ii 2 462
see Cactus 2 .(62
Manisuris i i>h)
rusjosa 100
.Mai<antaci:ak i 431
Mariana 3 490
( C'oi dims in p.irt)
Si/ I'll II III
.Mariana 4()<)
Marisciis
cylindriciis i 243
eiliiiinliis 2(6
Marnibium 3 83
vuluare 84
Marshallia 3 4(3
caespitosa 4 (3
latifolia 443
trinerva 443
Mar.silicackak 1 33
NAMKS.
543
Marsilea
« 33
2 173
muci onala
3>
173
iialans
34
m .(71
(jnadri folia
33
172
vestita
31
MaRTV.NIACI'.AIv 3 200
Mattynia 200
Louisiana 201
prohoscidea :oi
.l/anila
Co/ula 3 455
Ma/oiirca
nii^rescens 3 160
Matricaria 3 438
asleroidea 352
Chamomilla 439
discoidea .(60
glaslifolia 332
Krandiflor.i 459
iuodora 439
matricatioides 460
l\ii tlienium 438
AfAVACACICAi; I 367
Mayaca V18
Aubleti 368
Micluiii vii 3O8
Mecoiiopsis
iliplivlla 2 102
Medeola i 433
VirKiniana 43s
Medica^o 3 271
Arabica 273
ilenticulala 272
Iniiulina 272
niiiciilala 273
sativa 272
VirKinica 323
Meehania 3 85
\ Cedronclla in ])art )
cordata 86
Mogapterium 2 494
( OlCnotliera in part)
l''rcmontii 493
Mis-ouriense 494
Meibomia 2 \\t,
( Dcsiiiodiiini)
aniriisii/oiia 2 318
arenicola 315
bracteos.i 317
Canadensis 320
c.i n e s ce n s an d var. 3 1 7
Dlllenii 319
/■'loridana 318
glabella 316
unindidora 314
lUinoensis 319
laevitrata 318
louKifolia 317
Marylandica 320
lliclianxii 313
Mudiflora 314
oblusa 321
ocliroleuca 315
]>anicul.ita, vars. 318
(jaueidora 31 (
rhonibifolia 318
ri^ida 320
rolundifolia 31^
.sessilifolia 316
stricla 316
viridiflora 319
Melampodium 3 .(115
cinereum 4116
Melampyrum 3 i,S7
Aineiicdiium i,S8
l.itifolinm 188
lineare 188
Mki,antiiaci:ae 1 Tfyt
Mclanthium (1 .6
fflaucum 405
hybridiim 407
lati folium 407
muscaeloxicum 403
parviflorum 407
racemosum 400
544
Ol'NIvUAL INI)i:X OF I.ATIN NAMI'S.
[Vor,. III.
. ^
Mulanthlum
.Uri/)i/ns
Monntera
Vii^;iiiii-iiiii
I
l'"
livniiiilis
2
-Ml
Caroliniana
3 ■^«)
Mi:r..\sruM.M.i:.\i
1
r;,;
sif Amelanchier
257 ||
Monniera
llHI
Melica
1
i'y|
Aiouia 2
25"-7
riitundifdlia
1I>1
d!li\\i>l}(l
";.s
Crataegus
2
(1-5
Mo.\oi.oTVLi:i)ONr.s
(lill'iiM;!
1'>.S
Micrainpelis
3
251
I r,2
inutit';i
Kji
f /■'i liiiiiiiVSlis)
MoHOlw'pis
I 5/7
liarvillciiii
I'i5
liibala
251
till iiop(ulioi(ifs
577
I'i'i li-i 1
I'n
Micranthemiim
3
1(1)
Xultalliaiia
577
SiiiiHiii
17?
inicraiUliciMoiil
■H
'"1
Mi).si)|'1;tai.ai;
2 5i:->
Mclilotus
2
-7!
.\ III till/ It
161
MuNOTKnl'ACIOAI'
•2 551
.,lhi
27,?
Miii'islylis
Monotropa
555
IlllllCil
271
vioiiol'lislhl
I
475
llyfofilys
556
oiriciiialis
271
i>/>lii(i:^loiwiiles
47"
fn<cei-a
551
rii/i;::i ;,v
27.<
Miluiiiiii
iiiiilliiTa
555
Melissa
3
'117
siaiic/nis
3
515
Monolropsis
2 555
Clhw/'iKliinii
loS
Milium
I
141
l.S'i liu'f iiiil:iu)
otVu'iii;\lis
K17
Liiii/'liiiiii /ion
IM
cidorata
555
;'i(l,L'h>i,l,'s
Il.ll
11/ hi III III
I 111
Miintia
2 2.)
'■ !■ Cliiiopodium
I
,S ,)
1 .illlf'l IS.\lllll
Ml)
( 'litiiii issoiiis
5
Melothria
3
25' >
<- iTiisiiin
1 n
fiiiitana
I
IKtululii
250
/'inulaliini
I ill
Moroiigia
3 255
Mi:nisi'i:umali:.\
:
.Villa
iSiiiiiiiikia)
2
0,!
rcii iitra
J
.,,r.
an«:iistata
256
Menispermum 2
9.
. 'U
.Tnilriiu
iinciiiala
25''>
CaiiaiU tl^c
'11
mi i; II si i folia
3 411
MOKACKAIC
I 5;7
Ciiioliniiin
91
MlMuSALlCAi;
2
251
Morus
527
l.xoiti
'.'.>
Mi'iiosii
alba
52H
Mentha
3
IlS
/iliciiloidrs
2
251
/>af>yri/eia
520
alopifiirouk'S
1 ?ii
llliiiKCiisis
255
rubra
.528
aiiiiaticii
121
III Is ia
25'''
Miihlenbergia
I Ml
iirviiisis
121
Mimulus
3
157
aiiibiKiia
'15
hoieatis
122
alaiiis
1 5'"^
eapillaris
'45
Caii:ul( iisis
122
Biillalus
>5H
coniata
• 44
" t;lah}\ila
122
Jaimsii
15B
dihilis
145
ciliMla
119
inii>eliatiis
150
diffusa
144
<:ns]ia
121
riinti'iis
'57
riTihl
146
Ki'iitilis
122
Mitchella
3
2ir.
Kloiiifiala
145
li)ii);ifoli.i
I 2.1
rc-pi-ns
216
Iftacillima
'15
I'uli iiiii
i-n
Mitella
2
l.S<)
Mexicana
'42
pipt rita
119
ilipliylla
iSo
iniL-ruspernia
145
roliiiulifolia
121)
inula
iSl
I)iiiiKcns
I. ,6
saliva
122
Mili,;<ht
2
61 )5
raceniiisa
145
spicata
119
fifliolala
(xifi
sobolifera
1(2
sy/:r'i/ris
120
Modiola
2
425
sylvatica
'45
••i lid is
nil
Ciroliniana
42?
lentiifliiia
144
Mentzclia
2
-15^
mill Hilda
425
H'illdfiaivii
'44
albicaulis
•t.S'l
MochrinKia
2
55
Miili;i\liinn
diiiea
45''<
iattrillnra
55
niiimiiuilinii
3 275
(li c-api tala
•15')
niacropliylla
55
Floi iiiaiiiim
275
laevicaulis
459
Moenchia 2
2S 2i|
Inuiiphafiiin
276
inula
•iss
irict.i
20
Muntoa
I 18^
oliKii?i)(.Tiiia
.|5S
Mohrodendron
2
5i>'<
sipiarrosa
'^5
oniiifi!
4 Si,)
1 II,il,-ua)
Muscari
I 42 (
Mi;nv.\ntiiai.i-..\
Carulinuin
5'*^
botryoides
424
2
C.21
Molinia
I
1-7
raceiiiiisuni
425
Menyanthes
2
(.21
LiH-niUa
1^7
Miisiiiioii
iiyiiipliaiiiirlrs _
2.
62,^
Mollugo
I
5'!^
seu Musineon
2 527
pti/,:/a
2
4^
viiliiillata
5'!'^
Musineon
527
Imchyspcnna
U2\
MiiDioi ih\a
divaricatum
527
trifoliala
(•2>
fill It; a la
3
25'
tenuifiiliiitn
527
Menziesia
2
•<'l
Monarda
3
102
tracliysperniuin
527
fcrruirinea var.
?,C^2
aii'Uala
104
Myagrum
3 514
glabella
5^12
liradbiiriana
lot
aii^nilrinn
2 157
globiilaiis
5f)2
1 iliala
105
fa II ii II la III m
'40
pilosa
562
citrinilura
io.|
ptrfoliatuni
3 514
tii.x if>Iiii
565
Cliiiopodia
102
sali2'iiin
2 159
Merimea
cliiKipmlioiik'S
'I'l
Myosotis
3 f>i(
Tfxaiia
2
438
didytna
1112
arvensis
62;
Meriolix
2
495
fistulosa
I "5
f.afpiila
.541
{Ol'iiii/lwni in
P
irti
" 1 iihi a
I "5
lax a
62 1
scnulata and var.
4i|'i
liiisiila
'05
paUistris
61 1
Mertcnsia
3
5')
media
ii'3
scorjiioidfs vars
suffi iiliana
. 61-2 ;
lanccolata
r*,
mollis
10.5
3 58
iiiiiii/iina
59
punctata
lO)
veriia
63
paniciilata
f)0
seabra
103
I'iiyjiiiana
55 1
V'irKiiiica
60
Moiiaidella
Virfjinica
631
Mesadenia
s
475
molilalia
3
115
vcrsiciilor
62
(Ciit-iiliii in part)
Monescs
2
552
Myosunis
2 71
atriplicifolia
471
t^ra iiil i flora
555
niiniimis
7'
rciiiforinis
475
unilliiia
555
Slimtii
7'
tuberosa
471
Momiiera
3
159
Mvkk'aci:ak
I 487
Afcsfii/iis
Ufi-rfi-sHs)
Mj rica
4871
Azaiolus
2
2;o
acuiiiiiiala
iGi
aspleii ifoliii
489;
CO! nij'olia
2|1
aiiijiltwiiaulis
160
Carolinensis
488 1
Myrica
cerifira I
C.aU-
Myriophyllum 2
altcrnilli)ruiu
a III bii; II urn
I'arwellii
lietiropliylliiin
liuniili-
II ml II in
I)innatuni
pniserpiiiacuidos
srahiiiliiiii
spieatuni
tenilluin
virticillaliiiii
Myi iopin is
i;t til His
Myi I his
tUiyloni 2
loir^islylis
Nabalus 3
( I'l fnanlhcs in pi
albus
altissinius
aspt.'
Hcottii
rrepidineus
Fi asi'ii
inlf'j,iifoliiis
nanus
raceiiKisiis
" piniiatifidus
serpeiilarius
" inteijiifiilius
trifolioiatus
vir^fatus
Naiadackau I
Naias
llcxilis
uracilliina
(iiiadalupensis
Iiidica
major
marina
Nama 3
( Hydrolea )
affmis
ovata
(|uadrivalvis
Napaea 2
dioica
liermafhiodila
Xiirdosinia
palmala
saaillala
Nardus
strii'la
Xai lliiiiiim
A inn iia nil III
i^liiliiiosiiin
ossifi as;iiiH
fill he IIS
Xiismylliia
arliciilala
Xa si II Ilium
aiiipliihiiim 2
A iiiioia<ia
itirz'isHii/iia
li is fid II HI
Idiiislri'
iitilaiis var. Anwr
ohiiisiiin 2
offiiiiiiile
pal 11 si I e
" hisfidiim
scssilijlornm
si nil alum
sphaerocarpuni
sy Ives he
ierreslie
Naumbergia 2
( l.ysimailiia in p;
fiiillala
thyrsi flora
488
487
502
.5".?
.■i"l
,5"t
,51 '4
.51 'I
.5"5
.5"1
51 '5
.51 1 1
5' i.i
,5"5
5".?
1 3"
2 550
5.10
288
iirt)
2S9
288
291
2i)i>
291
289
2S9
290
291
291
289
289
2S9
290
80
81
81
81
81
80
80
3 49
49
,50
.S'>
2 419
.(2i)
422
3 46f)
47"
I ■22\
224
I 401
400
.|i)l
400
1 571
2 127
121
12()
'25
,127
124
126
125
126
124
'25
124
125
59'
iirt)
I
5^1
ik '^
1 488
4.S7
n
2 502
1111
S".?
I
.S"!
.S"t
lUtiu
5' a
.S"!
•S'l,!
■i' '1
icuides 5(i,s
1
,So|
S".<
,S".!
im
5".?
I 31
2 530
s
5.10
3 s^'lS
les ill
part )
2S0
288
291
2i)<)
IS
2yt
2S()
ius
2.'-9
2qo
4
2()I
fid us
29 r
us
2S.)
Folius
2S.)
us
2S9
290
13
I ('-,
80
8i
I
81
ensis
81
81
80
8n
3 49
')
49
50
vis
•S'l
2 419
420
odihi
422
3 469
470
I 224
224
I
III in
I 401
III
400
in
401
400
<i
1 371
n
iin
2 127
ia
121
Ilia
126
I2,S
J —
r. AmerAij
2 124
126
125
inn
125
It in
126
I
124
irptiin 125
124
125
2 ."-gi
fiia in part)
Vol.. III.]
OENTvRAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
545
5«i
Navarretia
3 V-
Nymphaea
Ophioglossom
Osmunda
(d'llia in part)
liibeiosa
2 11
vulifatuiu I 2,
3 I'll
l.iiiiai ia
minima
42
Nyssa
2 SI"
Opiiioiliiza
rigalis
Nazia
I 105
H<iuatica
547
Milieola
2 Ia/)
Slrulhiopleris
( Trao'iii)
bifliira
547
Ophrys
It'iiiahi
racumosii
lo.S
intilli/liiia
517
cei nun
I 471
I'irginiana
Nfikei id
2 IC15
sylvatic.i
547
Ctiralloi lii:a
47-^
Ostrya
A'cfiiiiniii
I'mi/loia
517
cordala
473
N'lrginiana
aienintrs
3 4011
Oakfsia
2 3«3
lilii/olia
476
I'll i;inu(i
No; II lido
4(XJ
faiberiiUi
1 410
I.neselii
477
O.XAI.IDACKAE
Neil'liii
.tessili/cliii
4'x>
Monopliyllos
475
Oxalis
ofiiili folia
2 195
Obolaria
2 92"
Opiolliecd
.■\citosella
Nel II III III 11 in
Caioliiiiaiia
3 If"'
rioridana
I 592
corniculata
luleiim
2 45
VitRiiiica
2 62n
Opulaster
2 195
cymosa
shecicsiiin
Nelumbo
49
Ociinitin
1 1'liysorai pa )
111 i pes
2 45
friilfueiis
3 123
( Xt-illia )
grandis
lulea
45
Odontites
3 183
opulifulius
"'5
ricurva
Nelumbo
46
(llai isia in part 1
Opuntia
2 4'i2
stricta
niiii/fia
46
Odontites
"S3
arboiescens
465
violacea
Nemastylis
X 452
Oh'.naiillie
Camancliica
464
Oxvbapliiis
acuta
452
ambigiia
2 5'3
fragilis
464
see Allionia I
gemmiflora
45*
Jilifoi misa
5'3
liumifusa
463
aui^usli/olius
JVi'tito/iaiillits
2 .W3
lerelifoH
5 '3
mesacanllia
4"3
liodiiii
Caiiadfiisis
.193
OEnothera 2
485-96
Missoui iensis
464
liirsuliis
fasckiilai IS
393
biacliycarpa
493
Opuntia
463
Oxycoccus
Nemophila
3 45
caespilosa
492
polyacantlia
464
erytlirocarpus
microcaly.K
45
ciiiiesceiis
494
Ma/ine.u/uii
463
miicrocarpus
Neobcckia
clirysanllia
491
tortispina
463
(Oxycoccus
ai/iialica
3 127
Fremoiilit
495
vuli^aris
463
palnslris
Nfollta
grandi/tora
486-7
ORCinD.\CEAE
I 45"
Oxydendrum
see Gyrostachys
gulliilala
2 491
Orchis
I 459
arboreum
I
470-2
Hailuegi
495
fissa
4tj6
Oxygraphis
piibesceiis
I 474
liumifusa
4-^7
rotundifolia
460
I K'aniini iilusin
Nepeta
3 86
laciniata
487
spectabilis
459
Cymbalaria
Cataria
86
" grandis
487
see Habenaiia I
460-6
" .ilpina
Cleilioma
S7
lavenduhiffolia 495
Oreocarya
3 57
Oxypolis
iiederacea
87
macrocarpa
494
1 Erilrichium and
1 Tii-deinannia)
Ncphrodium
minima
487
Krinilzkia ii
part 1
filiformis
acrosliclioides
I 14
Afissourieiisis
494
fulvocanescens
.59
rigidus
Ian OS 11 in
31
m uric a la
486
glomiTata
.58
" longifolius
piinclilobulum
12
JVullallii
489
sericea
58
Oxyria
Nesaca
pinnalifida
488
suffriiticosa
58
digyna
veilicillala
2 471
rhombipetala
48T
Origanum
3 no
reniformis
Neslia
2 139
serrulala
496
flexuosuin
III
Oxylropis
paniculata
140
" spinulosa
41)6
'vulgare
III
pod(Karpa
Nestronia
3 5'2
siiiiiala
487
Omithogalum
I 423
seriiea
{Darbya)
"grandis
487
biiuilre
4>5
see Spiesia 2
umbellula
5' 3
scapiireia
492
liirsiiluin
44"
Pachylophus
Nicandra
125
speriosa
492
nutans
424
{OEnollirra in
Nicotiana
3 '4"
Iriloba
493
umbellatum
423
caespitosa
axillaris
141
" pariifloi a
493
Ori)iiancii.\ci;af
3 104
Pachvpodium
longi flora
141
see Anogra
2 488-9
Orobanche
'95
iniri^ri folium
rustica
140
Kneiffia
489-9'
Ameritana
197
Pachysandra
Nolaphoebe
Onagta
4H5-6
fasfinilnia
195
procumbens
Borbonia
2 96
Oldenlandia
3 215
I.udoviciana
19"
Pachystima
Nothocalais
3 278
uni flora
215
minor
196
Canbyi
( Tioximon in
part)
see Houstonia
212-15
rain^sa
196
Myrsinites
cuspidata
278
Ol.KACKAi;
2 600
uni flora
•95
Paepalanllius
Notholaena
I 32
0.\.\GKAti:AlC
2 475
I'irginiaiia
107
JIaz'idulus
dealbaki
32
Onagra
2 4S5
Orotttium
I 364
Pa I a fox ia
nivea
32
(OEnothera in part)
aquaticum
.364
Hookeriana
Nothoscordum
I 4'5
biennis
2 486
Orophaca
2 3o<.>
Panax
bivalve
4"5
" Krandiflora
4S6
{ Asliagalus in
part )
( Alalia in part
si rial urn
4'5
cruciata
485
cacspitosa
306
quinqiiefolium
Nupliar
Oakesiana
486
sericea
.i'>7
trifolium
see Nymphaea
2 42-3
Onoclea
I s
Otthocarpus
3 180
Panel ilium
Nullallia
sensibilis
9
luteus
181
Carolinianum
ditiilala
2 418
Slrutliiopleris
9
Oryzopsis
I 1.39
ociidenlale
involiicrala
419
Ononis
2 274
asperifolia
140
Panicularia
Nyctagixaceae
I 594
repens
274
Canadensis
139
( Glyieria)
Nympiiaeaceae
a 41
Onopordon
3 49"
cuspidata
141
acu'tiflora
Nymphaea
42
Acanthi um
491
juncea
'39
Americana
advena
42
Onosmodium
3 66
melaiiocarpa
14c
aiiguslala
Fletcheri
43
Carolinianum
66
membranacea
141
boreal is
Kalmiana
43
moUe
66
niicrantha
140
brachypliylla
Canadensis
lulea var. Kalm. 4.^
Virginianutu
67
Osmorrhiza
niicropliylla
43
Onycltium
densum
bievislylis
2 530
di si a IIS
Nelumbo
46
I 30
see Washingtonia
elongata
odorala
44
Oonopsis
3 327
2 530
fluitans
" rosea
44
( Bigelovia in
part)
OsMt'NDACEAE
I 4
laxa
" minor
44
Kngelniatiiii
327
Osmunda
5
ner\'ata
reniformis
44
Ophiogloss.vceae I
cinnamomea
5
obtusa
rubrodisca
43
0' hioglossum
t 1
Claytoniana
6
palli<la
saKittaefolia
43
arenarium
3 494
interrupla
6
Panicum i i
telragona
45
Engelmanni
494
lanceolala
4
Addisonii
I 3
5
9
3
4
' 507
5<'7
507
2 .M4
.345
3*5
346
347
.346
347
347
.346
345
591-6
596
596
.w.
5S2
,582
581
581
2 570
571
2 86
part)
86
86
2 5'3
5'3
513
513
I 553
553
553
2 307
.W
.307-<)
2 492
part )
492
2 110
2 384
.384
2 .395
395
395
I 373
3 447
2 507
)
507
5"7
I 445
445
I 210
213
212
215
3 505
505
I 211
215
212
213
311
212
21 1
213
12-125
3 500
36
540
OKNKk.VK INI)i;.\
Ol- LATIN NAMIIS.
Panicum
Panicum
Paulownia
aKroHtidifiiniU'
« IIS
Walteii
iiii/'i 1 'iilis
3 157
i/f <|'>/|'/|/C.
"5
I 113, 117
3 J'l"
tiiiiientosa
'57
uiiiaruiii
\22
Weiiieri
Si 11
Pectis
3 45 1
i/«(V/'>
IIS
Wiko.xiaiMim
I IK)
;in({U->lifiili,i
151
aiigustifoliHiii
1 .'.'
xaiitliiipliysiiiu
I IS
Pediculaiia
1S4
Atlaiiticuiii
3 .SKI
I'ATAx i:uaci:ai.
J (|N
(//// /( iiliiiii
185
aiituiiiiKik
I i.'t
Papavcr
l»)
Canadensis
l^(l
barlmliitiiiii
1 ji)
al|>iiiuiil
nil
capitala
1H7
HiikmUii
3 S'ii
ArKiiiiime
llX)
eiijilirasinides
18s
l>orealf
I ii<i
duliiiini
llK)
ll.iinniea
IMi
BriUt'iii
3 497
iiiiiliiiiiile
I1.CI
l''uil)i-liiae
18».
caiiiffili c
I 12.1
Kbocas
Ml»
C.riienlandica
1S4
cai)ill:ii<.- I
• ,1. "I
xnmiiiferum
l|'»
lanceiilata
IJ^S
, a> iiiiiiiini
111
I'Arii iiiN \li:ai.
a 21)2
I.appciiiica
|8(
ciaiiik>timiiii
llH
I'm daiilliiK
|lalu^tris
IS.S
coliiinim I 113
. 3 4'/'
C' III 11 en SIS
J \y-
liarvillora
185
C(ituiiil>iatHiiii
3 H'K)
Parietaria
I 53 1
pedicellata
181
coininiitatiim
I 117
I'tiiiisylvimica
,S34
ir.'ilSSo: liDhI
1^5
lOti Ml III; Id III mil i.'2
Parnagsi'a
2 I^2
Pellaea
I 29
CrusRalli
'l.i
a^aritiilia
IS4
alropnrpurca
29
Cm /i\ii
lit
Caroliiiiana
182
densa
3"
IhlClVlfll
• 7.S
Kraiidirolia
182
j,'iiieilis
29
dilnlr
1 25
Ki)t-^ebuti
IH3
Stelleri
29
depauperattiiii
121
palustri'i
l^i
Peltandra
1 3C>2
(ticliotuniuiu
12(1
paivilliira
183
iillia
302
ilif/'ii^iii'i
12)
Paronychia
2 38
saKiltaefolia
3''' 2
diKitaiidides
114
arK.vroedHia
3''
iiiidul'ilii
3"-'
diz'iii ii Ilium
114
dic'liiitonia
39
VirKinica
3" 2
diz'ei i^ins
124
Jamesii and var
39
Pentstemon
3 150
Katoiii
3 4W
sessilifldia
39
acnininatus
'54
elutiKatuni
' 'I5
Parosela
2 287
alliidiis
152
tilifoi me
III
(Pal, 11)
anKUstifolius
155
■flexile
I 24
aurea
288
cmescens
151
);\in(iihilHm
123
Dalea
288
Ciibaea
'53
gibhiim
125
eniieaudra
2-^7
loei iileiis
15s
gliiliiiim
111
lanata
288
cristatUH
"51
ffhiiii mil
126
nana
3 517
Ditritalis
'52
liiaiis
114
Parsonsia
J 473
Klaber
154
hhlelluin
113
^ Cuplua )
Kfacilis
'53
hi spill 11 III
"3
pttiolala
473
Krandillorns
■ 54
implicatum
3 4'1-H
Parthenium
3 410
Ilaydeni
'55
ini'nliiliim
I 121
auric-nlatiini
521
hirsntus
'5'
II all III III
127
intiKrifdlium
411
liieiii^iilus and
vars.
lanUKino.suni
re pens
411
151-2
I 1^1
3 40
Parthenocissus
2 4'3
Pentstemon
>52
lalifiiliiim
» "i,s
>ini!i(|nefolia
4'3
pnhe^iewi
151
laxifloTiiui
119
■' laciniata
413
tnbinorus
>53
I.iebergii
3 497
tricuspidata
413
Pentharum
2 U)S
iine<iir
I 111
lilacea
413
sedoides
169
linearifoliitm
3 500
Paspalum
1 MS
Peplis
lonf(ifoliuin
I 116
,imhii;iiiim
III
Americana
2 417
niaerocarpon
"'7
ai eiiai iiim
u»
dill lid ra
4711
meluai ium
114
ciliatifolium
107
Peramium
I 474
niicrocarpon
116
coinpressum
ICX)
( (7oo,lyera)
niiliaceum
123
dtisvpliylliim
107
Jlenziesii
I 475
minus
124
dehile
I.«
pubescens
474
Nashianum
3 497
dilatatnm
107
repens
474
nervosum
1 117
disticlium
ic6
Perilla
3 123
neuranthum
3 501
Elliollii
100
frutescens
'23
nitidum
I 120
Jilifoimc
II I
" Nankinensis
124
nudum
124
Floridanuiu
I.kS
ocimoidis
123
obtusuni
114
flu i tans
ICXi
" crispa
124
pttiicifloiiim
118
'laeve
n>s
Petsea
2 96
peduiiculalum
118
longipcdunculatum
Borbonia
96
Porteriamini
i"7
1 loS
CaroHnensis
96
proliferuui
'23
maeiospeimun
108
" paluslrisvara. 96
pubesceiis
121
membranaceunj 106
pubescens
cj6
nimulosmn
120
Michauxianiim loq
Pelaloslemon
rostratuni
1'5
inucronatum
106
macroslae/ij'us
2 289
saiii^uinale
III
oi\ilnm
107
violaeeus
290
SCO fill rium 1
18, 121
paspaloides
109
see Kuhnistera
scoparium var.
plalycaulon
109
2
289-91
3 497
piibesieus
107
Petasites
3 4<'J9
Scribnerianum
I 118
sauffuinale
111
(Nardosmia)
seroliiiiim
3496
setaceuin
107
frigida
3 470
sphaerocarpon
I 116
liislaclivum
109
officinalis
470
sphaRtiicolum
3498
irallcriaiiiim
106
palmata
469
slricltim
I 121
Passii-loraci;ak
i 457
Petasites
470
tsURetorum
3 499
Passiflora
457
sa^ittata
470
verrucosum
I 125
incarnata
457
iiHlirans
470
verliiillahnn
126
Uitea
457
Petunia
3 141
virgatuiu
122
Pastinaca
2 514
axillaris
'41
viiide
126
sativa
514
nyclaginiflora
141
viscidum
121
Paulownia
3 157
parvillora
141
[Vor,. III.
Petunia
violaeea 3 I |T
Peucedanum 2 sis
fdeiiieulaciutn ,sii>
f;iavcoleus si"
KiiiKii ,sif>
nudicaiile .sif>
saliviim 514
-.etlicillalum ,S3H
villdMiip S17
Phaca 2 298- (d4
Americana 301
ai x'i'plnlla 3i)()
a\lra,i;aliiia i,iy\
hi ■ill lea la 3011
elounala 3112
/)ii;ida var. Am. 3d|
IdtiRifdlia 2 305
ncRlecta 3dS
par:'iflora 3112
■lillosa 298
see Astragalus
2 31x1-4
Orophaca 306 7
Phacelia 3 4(>
bipiniiatiiida 47
Covillei 48
(hibia 47
liinbiiata 49
I'rankUnii 47
lielerophylla 46
liirsuta 4*?
inteRrifdlia 4''
lenciipliylla 46
pari'ijUira 47"''*
Pnrsliii 48
Phalaiis 1 13"
Americana 131)
arundinacea 130
Canariensis 131
Carnliniana 1.30
erueae/orniis 181
inlermedia i,?i>
or\:oides 129
pic la 13"
Plianiaceiiin
marilimum x ,S9S
PiiASi:(ii..\ciCAi-: a 262
Phaaeolus 3 338-9
ani^nlosus 338
diversi/olius 338
leiospermus 339
perennis 338
polvstachyus 338
see'Strophostyles
3.38-9
Phegopteris i 18
calcarea 19
Dryopteris 19
hexagonoptera 19
Pliegopteris 19
polypodioides 19
Plielipaea
In lea 3 195
Philadelphus 2 185
coronarius 186
grandiflorus 186
inodorus 186
Philotria 1 93
{Anacharis)
Canadensis 93
Phippsia I 150
algida 150
Phleum I 147
alpinum 148
praten.se 147
sclinenoides 147
Phlomis 3 91
tuberosa 91
Phlox 3 32
aninena 34
bifida 35
bryoides 36
Carolina 33
divaricata 34
-'<!■
3 'II
a .SIS
.sii>
,si'>
5'6
,sif>
.SI4
517
V'l
.V ' I
.V:'>
,V'l
((» I
,Vi2
'■ .i'M
a .V'5
.V'.S
2^8
3 4f>
•17
.(S
47
4<)
47
46
48
4"
46
47-S
48
X 13.)
130
13"
131
130
:8i
13"
I2C)
13"
598
262
a 338-Q
338
338
339
33»
338
/les
338-0
I 18
19
19
a 19
19
! 19
I9,S
185
186
186
186
93
93
150
150
147
148
147
147
91
91
32
34
35
36
33
34
Vol.. III.]
Phlox
liiiiiKlasii 3
' aiulii'iila
" !i<iii;ifi<liu
|{1a)>i-rriiiiu
Iliiixlii
Ki'lseyi
inaculatii
" (iiiiitit/ii
ovata
panic ulata
i)iU>Ha
rrptaiis
slfllarin
Mill: I til I IIS
siilinlata
Phoradendton i
tlavtsiiiis
Phragmitcs i
III III Dili II is
I'liraniiiilis
I'ilKV.M.\ci:.\i: 3
Phryma
I.t ptosiaclivn
Phyllanthus ' 2
Caroliiicn-.is
li/liKll/IIS
Phyltodoce 2
i-oi-nilua
Physalis 3 125,
a fi/ II III a
AlkfkeiiKi
a III till,' II II
aii);uiata 127,
lUrliaiknsis
" ()l)scura
coiiiata 3
i;i a lull flora
litdeiiicfolia
heltrdpliylla
" ainbiKua
" nyctauinea
ixocarpa 3
Lagnscae
lancet fulia
lanceolata 129,
" liievif;ata
" hiiln
Icibala
longifolia
maciofihjsa
mi III ma
nyclaf^iiiea
obscu/a 127,
PeiimyUanica
129, 130,
I'liiladelpliica 3
Peruviana
pruinosa
pubescens
pumila
rotundata
Virginiana
" intermedia
" aiiihigiia
viscosa 130,
Physalodes 3
{jVicaii(ira)
Peruz'iaiiiim
physalodes
Physaria 2
didyniocarpa
Phy.wctirpa 2
Physostegia 3
denliculata
intermedia
parvi flora
Virginiana
PlIYTULACCACKAlJ
OKNKK.M, INl>i:\' ol" LATIN S'AMI-S.
Phytolacca
decandra
Picea
(Abies in part)
37
37
37
X^
37
M>
37
^^
31
32
34
3S
3S
36
53.S
.S3,s
IS I
IS4
IH,
2(l.S
2",S
^<"
362
3<'2
.S^'.S
365
I2f)
128
"32
13"
12S
127
127
'3'
KVi
13"
"3°
"3"
13"
128
127
127
130
129
132
129
129
127
13'
>3"
"32
128
"3"
126
126
130
'3'
"3"
"30
"3"
"32
'25
125
"25
'35
135
"95
89
9.)
90
90
89
593
594
594
54
Plcca
III till
bti vifnlia
Canadensis
Mariana
iiii; III
rnhia
Picradenia
I Aitiiiillii I
acanlis
'■ glabra
lineari folia
od.irata
si'.i])o-a
Picris
ecliioides
liiiraeioides
Pieris
\i
51
4'.'.
51
5S
55
55
111'
149
44K
448
4l'i
II',
2(i(i
2(17
2()7
2 5'j8
I'
( Aiiiti iiiiii'dii in part )
floribunda
Mariana
nitida
Pitta
p II mi I a
Piliisflla
ifalliiihilii
Pimpinella
integerrinia
Saxifra^a
I'INACKAK
Pinguicula
miili/otia
alpina
vulgaiis
Pinus
alba
auslialis
ha ha men
ilaiik:iiaiia
Canadensis
divaricata
echinata
/•'raseri
intips
lai iciiia
mills
nit;ra
palustris
pendiila
ponderosa
pungens
resinosa
rigida
rubra
Strobus
Taeda
Virginiana
Pi sum
mariliiiium
Planera
aquatiea
S"8
5lJ9
» 533
2S5
S2fl
526
526
49
"93
"''3
"94
"9»
1 5'J
54
5'
57
52
56
52
52
57
52
54
52
55'
5"
54
5"
53
5"
53
55
50
.S3 I
52
3.^0
525
526
I'l-A.\rAGlNACi;AE3 20.S
Plantago 3 2<i6
arenaria 211
arista ta 209
cordata 208
decipiens 209
elongata 210
eriopoda 208
glabra 208
gnaplialiiiides 209
beterophylla 210
lanceolata 207
major 206
niaritima 209
media 207
occidentalis 210
Patavionica vars. 209
Purshii 209
pusilla 210
Rugelii 207
sparsiflora 208
uniflora 211
Virginica 210
" longifolim 210
I'l A I \N.\( 1
Platantis
oicuU lUalis
Ptnliiiilliiiii
hitiipiiatii
I ,iliiiidi/'i>liii
xee Habenaiia
Plrilui.pthihi,
Ann I II II 'III':
Ple;irogyue
kSu iiiiii I
Cariiilliiaca
rotat 1
Pleuropogon
Sabinii
Pluchea
til Irons
c.iinplioiala
foelula
petiol.ita
I'l.lMii.\(.lN/\ci;\i:
Pneumatia
( Mfi Iriisia in p;
niaritiina
Poa
abbreviat.i
aiioides
aljiina
alstides
audi II a
aiifiustala
annua
ai/iialiia
araclinikia
arida
autuninalis
brevi folia
Uuckleyana
caesia
capiltaris
Cainliniana
cenisia
Chapnianiana
conipressa
iris lata
debilis
distans
elongiita
/•'ragrostis
flava
Jlexiiosii
glauca
Kluniaris
liypnoides
iiilcirupla
laxa
mar Hi ma
menioralis
nerz'ala
ohiiisa
pectinacea
pitosa
pratensis
pseudopratensis
refracia
seslerioides
seroliiia
sylvestris
tciiiiifiilia
tenuis
trichodes
trivialis
Wolfii
Podalyria
biacteata
mollis
Podophyllum
dipliyllum
peltatnm
PonOSTEMACEAE
Podostemon
Ceratophyllum
Pogonia
aflinis
547
-• 191
2 l<M
"91
1 46^
4*1(1
1 . 4<'3
3 I'I2
2 <||H
(119
MS
I 196
U)(>
3 39I)
31/)
39''
3')'' -7
197
3 594
3 ,59
irt)
5')
I 2<J|
202
215
203
207
208
215
2111
il2
3 5"4
I 2118
20O
207
208
2ii,S
188
18S-9
I 203
2i>2
202
202
206
214
212
189
20,S
2(l6
20s
20S
192
"9"
I 21)^
214
205
212
211
190
188
204
204
191
"84
20,S
206
208
188
191
204
207
266
264
92
92
92
163
"63
163
467
468
Poeonia
divaricata I
opIiiiiKldssoides
peiidiihi
triantliiipliora
vcrlicillata
PolaniHia 2
griveoU'lls
trachysperina
I'iii.r,.M(iMAii:Ai; 3
Polemouium
rui'i utfiim
diibiiiin
Xyiti-lea
reptans
Van llrinitiae
I'm \i;ai.aci:ai; 2
Polygala a
at ii/i/tiira
alba
anibi^ua
brcvifiilia
riirvinbusa
crnciata
Curtissii
cymosa
las tig ill I a
incarnata
Inlea
Mariana
Nuttallii
pinci folia
polyRania
raniosa
sangiiiiiea
Scnfg.'i and var,
leu 11 i folia
uniflora
vcrlicillata
viridescens
Pdi.ycdnacicae
Polygonatum
biflornni
conimiitatum
gigantium
Pblygonella
Americana
articutata
ericoides
Polygonum
aiie
ampbibiuni
arifolinm
articulatuni
aviculare
Kellardi
camporum
Careyi
cilinode
Convolvulus
cristatiim
cuspidatiim
dcnsiflorum
Douglasii
dumetorum
enicrsuin
ercctuni
exsertum
Fagopyrum
glauciiiii
Hartwriglitii
Hydrofiiper
liydropiperoides
incanum
incarnatum
lapathifolium
" incanum
" nodosum
littorale
lonKistyUim
maritimum
mile
Miilileiibergii
nodosum
Opelousanum
4<i8
4(17
4<-7
467
4(18
- I.S7
"57
"5»
3 3"
4"
4"
47
45
4"
4"
a 355
a 355
3.S6
360
358
357
356
.«7
.350
35»>
3.S0
358
3.S6
359
3.50
.161
360
35f>
358-9
2 3C10
^60
3''"
.357
358
I .54"
» 4.13
4.W
4.M
434
I 568
568
5f.8
.568
I 554
560
555
567
568
.S6l
562
564
5.S9
565
565
5fi6
567
5.S6
565
566
5.S6
.S63
.563
5,S3
.562
5.S6
560
,560
557
557
5.57
557
557
,502
5.S8
,562
.560
5.56
567
559
1 J.
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
7
//
//
le «^
[/
1.0
I! I.I
1.25
" IM 1 22
t m 1 2.0
14 III 1.6
Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WliBSTER, NY. 14580
(716) 872-4503
iV
-^
<>
■%
V
^
^
"^^
O^
4^
&?
C?^
548
GENERAL INDEX
OF LATIN NAMES.
Polygonum
Portulaca
2 4
Potentilla
orienlale
I 561
grandifloia
6
nemoralis
2 216
Peiinsylvanicuiii .«i57
oleracea
5
Nicolletii
213
Persicaria
558
pilosa
5
nivea
210
persicarioides
558
relusa
5
jXorvec^ica
212
Portoricense
556
PorlKiia
paliistris
217
punctatuni
660
Jloribmiifti
2 56S
paradoxa
2'3
Rayi
563
Potamogetou
I 65
Pennsylvanica
214
ramosissimum
564
alpinus
68
" strigosa
214
sagittatum
567
ainplifolius
67
pentandra
212
scatidetis
566
a/i/fiis/i/ii/iits
70
pilosa
210
sptaceum
.S.=i9
Clayton ii
67
procunibens
217
Tataricnm
5.5+
(Ompn-iSiis
72-74
pumila
3 5>5
teiiue
564
confervoidcs
I 72
recta
2 210
VirKinianiim
561
crispus
"2
reptans
216
viviparuiu
555
diversifolius
76
rivalis
213
Zuccariiiii
567
Faxoni
68
Robbinsiana
211
Polymnia
3 405
filiforniis
77
rubens
209
Canadensis
405
Jiabetlalii^
-S
Salisbnigensis
209
" radiata
4H5
Jill Hans
68
simplex
216
Uvedalia
405
foliosus
73
siipina
213
Potyoliis
Friesii
74
tridentata
2'5
ans'tis/tYiiitiis
3 14
geniniiparurt
76
Poteriiini
POI.YI'ODIACEAE
I S
ff/aniiiietis
6q
Canadense
2 228
Polypodium
I 32
heteropliyllus
(>9
Sanguisoiba
228
bnlbi/eriim
12
Hillii
73
Prasium
ciislalum
16
liybridiis
76
piirpu renin
3 90
dilatalum
iS
lilinoensis
70
Prenantlies
Dryupteris
«q
interniptus
78
see Nabalus 3
288-91
Fiiix foemina
26
lateralis
75
Mainensis
3 291
Fili.v-mas
^7
lonrhites
68
paiuiflora
268
fonlaitum
25
lucens
7'^
teniiifolia
268
fpagile
13
major
74
Primi-laceae
2 584
fragrans
16
Mysticus
71
Primula
2 584
hexagonnpleritm 19
natans
66
Egaliksensis
585
incanum
33
Kiaearfiisis
I 73
farinosa
585
Lonchitis
14
Nuttallii
67
Mistassinica
585
marginale
17
Oakesianus
66
Prinos see Hex
ttionlanum
13
obtusifolins
73
2 391-3
3 519
Noveboiacense
15
Paiwrmilaiius
75
Prionopsis
3 327
ol)/ II Slim
II
pauci/loriis
73
(Aplopappus)
Phegopleiis
19
pectitiatus
/7
ciliata
327
polypodioides
33
perfoliatus
71
Prosartes
Roberlianuni
19
pinnatum
2 504
lanuginosa
1 43'
spinulosiim
18
praelong^ns
I 71
traciivcarpa
432
viilgare
32
pnlclier
67
Prosperinaca
2 501
Polypogon
1 157
pusillus
74-76
palustris
502
Monspeliensis
157
Robbinsii
I 78
pectinacea
502
Polyptemum
2 606
i-tircsi-ens
68
pectinata
502
procunibens
606
rutilus
74
Prosopis
3 5"^
Polypteris
3 447
spathulaeformi
s 6n
glandulosa
516
ca losa
447
Spirillus
-7
Prunella
3 88
Hookeriana
' 4t7
tric/ioidfs
72
\Iliunclla)
Polvslichuiii
I 13
Tiiikei iiiani
72
laciniata
89
Polytaenia
2 S15
Vaseyi
74
vulgaris
88
Nuttallii
515
Zizii
70
" pinnalifida
8q
POMACKAE
2 232
zosteraefolius
72
Prunus
3 246
Pomaria
Potentilla
2 208
Alleghaniensis
248
glandiilosa
2 259
agrinionioiiies
209
Americana
247
PONTEDKRIACKAI
'■ ' 379
Anserina
216
angusti folia
248
Pontederia
I 379
argentea
209
Avium
25'
cordata
379
arguta
209
Besseyi
251
lancifolia
379
bipiniiatifida
214
cerasifera
249
liniosa
38^1
Canadensis
216
Cerasus
25'
Populus
I 490
" piimila 216
3 515
Cliicasa
248
acuminata
491
collina
2 209
cuncata
251J
alba
490
effusa
214
demissa
253
angnJala
493
Sg-edii
216
gracilis
249
anRUstifolia
491
emarginata
211
Gravesii
249
Allieniensis
492
frigida
211
liortulana
247
balsamifera
49'
fruticosa
215
" Mineri
247
candicans
491
intermedia
aio
insiiitia
250
Carol ineusis
493
Hippiana 2
3. 214
Mahaleb
2 252
delloides
493
hirsiita
2 212
maritima
249
dilalala
493
intermedia
210
mollis
247
grandidentata
heterophylla
492
leucocarpa
212
montana
253
492
leucopliytla
213
nigra
247
monilifera
493
littoralis
214
Pennsylvanica
252
nigra
493
viaciitata
209
pumila
250
treniulotdes
492
niillegiana
212
serotina
253
PotteranthuB
2 197
minima
211
" Smallii
253
{Gil tenia)
Monspeliensis
spiiaerocarpa
249
stipulatus
trifoliatus
198
210, 212
spinosa
Virginiana
250
198
luultifida
2 215
252
PORTULACACEAE
2 I
nana
311
Watsoni
248
[Vol.. III.
Psetidaeacia
ndorata 2 -294
Psilocarya i 257
nitens 257
ryncliosporoides 257
scirpoides 258
Psilostrophe 3 444
( Riddcllia )
Tagetinae 444
Psoralea 2 280
argophylla 283
a II rea 288
collina 283
cryplociirpa 284
cuspidata 284
Dalea 288
digitata 283
esculenta 284
floribunda 282
bypogaea 284
incaiia 283
lanceolata 281
linearifolia 282
longifolia 305
macrorliiza 2 284
melilotoides 285
micrantha 281
obtusiloba 282
Onobrycbis 285
pedunculata 285
stipulata 285
tenuifolia 281
Ptelea 3 354
trifoliata 354
PTERIDOI'IIVTA I 1
Pteris I 28
Alabaniensis 30
aquilina 28
atropitrpurea 29
Cauda la 28
gracilis 29
StelU ri 2t)
Pterospora 2 554
Andromedea 554
Ptilimnium 3 537
(Discopletira)
capillaceum 538
Nuttallii 538
Ptiloria 3 267
t Slephanomcria )
pauci flora 268
tenuifolia 268
Puccinellia i 214
{ Glyceria in part)
airoides 215
angustata 215
distans 214
maritima i 214, 215
Piilmoiiaria
see Mertensia 3 60
maritima S9
Pulsatilla 2 66
( Anemone in part)
liirsutissima 67
Pycnanlhemiim 3 in
see Koellia 111-115
lanceolaliim 3 112
lini/oliinn 11 1
Monardella 102
Torreyi 112
Tullia 114
Pyrelliriim
' Palsaniila 3 45S
inodoriim var.
naniim 459
Pvrolaceae 3 549
Pyrola 3 549
asarifolia 551
chlorantlia 550
elliptica 550
mactilala 553
minor 552
oxypetala 551
rotundi folia 550
" pumila 550
2 •29+
I 257
257
oides 257
258
3 444
444
2 280
^
^^3
I
284
al
983
384
383
384
983
981
282
305
I
2 284
s
285
281
282
285
1
285
285
281
3 354
354
TA
I I
I 28
(.J
30
28
rea
29
38
99
29
2 554
a
554
2 537
ra)
1
53'!
538
3 267
teria )
268
268
I 214
n part )
215
215
214
I 214. 215
ia
3 60
59
2 66
in part)
a
67
um
3 III
111-115
n
3 112
III
a
102
112
114
3458
var
I
459
2 549
2 549
551
550
550
553
552
551
a
550
550
Wfff^'
Vol.. III.]
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
549
Pyrola
secuiida
Ranunculus
' Rhexia
1
Rosa
2 22S
I 552
arvensis
2 83
Virginica
2 474
acicularis
230
" pumila
ulifrinosa
552
bulboHUS
Sii Rhinanthus
3 187
Arkansana
230
55"
cardiophyllus
77
CristaGalh
187
blanda
229
umbel la III
55 1
circinatus
84
iiiinor
187
canina
333
iinijlura
Pyryhopapptis
553
Cyinbalaiia
86
yirgiiiiciis
174
Carolina
931
delphinifolius
73 Rlwdiula
cinnaniomea
232
Carolinianus
3 279
" lerreslris
73
rosea
2 165
eirlanteria
232
scaposiis
279
(livaricatus
84 Rhododendron 2
S59-6"
Fiiffelinanni
230
Pyrularia
oleifera
1 537
fascicularis
S2
Caiiadense
SGo
Pendleri
2 230
537
Fica ria
85
Catawbiense
56.
liuinilis
231
pubera
537
fill tor mis
2 75
Lapponicum
560
" villosa
231
Pyrus
arbuti/olia
2 233-8
Flanimiila reptans
maximum
561
lueida
331
2^6
75
Rliodora
559
mierantha
232
Bolryapiiim
238
" intermedius
76
see Azalea 2
558-60
nitida
231
communis
234
Harveyi
77 Rhodora
2 559
pa rvi flora
231
nil::*' a
237
hederaccus
84
Canadensis
559
rubiginosa
232
see Sorbus
2 233
hispidus
80, 81 Rhus
2 385
Sayi
230
Malus
2U-6
hyperboreus
74
aromatica
3^7
setigcra
229
Pyxidanthera
2' 5S3
lacHslris
73'
Canadensis
3*'7
Woodsii
230
barbulata
5!<3
Lapponicus
74
copallina
3S6
Rotala
2 470
Quamasia
(Scilla)
I 422
limosHS
73
colinoides
3S9
ramosior
470
Macounii
80
Cotinus
389
Rot hi a
hyaciiithina
Quamoclit
(Ipomoea)
423
micrantlius
78
glabra
387
Carolinensis
3 445
3 22
Missouriensis
74
hirta
3S6
Rotlboellia
mullifidus
73
radicans
.-,;<8
fili/ormis
1 226
cocci nea
22
" repens
73
Toxieudcndron 388
rugosa
KK3
Quamoclit
i<uli;aris
Quetcus
acuminata
22
muricatus
83
trilobata
2 387
Roubieva
1575
22
nivalis
76
typhi na
386
multifida
576
I 515
Nuttallii
85
venenata
388
RUIIIACEAE
3 211
.S22
oblongifolius
75
Vernix
388
Rubus
2 1 98
alba
520
obtusiusculus
76
Rhynchosia
2 i?,(>
AUeghaniensis
202
amhigiia
5'6
ovalis
7/
erecta
337
Americanus
201
aqualica
519
parviflorus
82
latifolia
337
arclicus
200
bicolor
521
parvulus
2 82
rcni/nrmis
337
Baileyanus
204
Brittoni
518
pedatifidus
77
simplicifolia
337
Canadensis
205
coccinea
517
Pennsyh'anicus
80
tomenlosa
3,16
" roribaccus
205
digitata
5.8
Pliilonotis
82
" nioiH'plivlla
3^7
Clianiaemorus
20<)
/alalia
lieterophylla
518
Pursliii
73
" volu bills
336
cuneifolius
203
5>9
pusillus
Ribes
2 1S7
Da I i bard a
frnndosiis
205
ilicifolia
518
pygniaeus
70
aurcum
192
202
imbricaria
520
rannnailinus
85
" chrysococcura 192
fruticosus
202
lauri folia
5'9
recurvatus
79
albincrz'inin
2 191
hispidus
203
Leaua
I 520
repens
So, 81
cereum
191
" siiherecta
204
lyrata
macrocarpa
521
reptans
2 75
Cynosbati
1S8
Ida ens var.
200-1
520, 521
" intermedius
76
floriduni
191
inz'isus
204-5
Marylandica
1 518
rhomboideus
/ /
pracile
188
laciniatus
2 202
Micliauxii
522
sccleratus
79
Grossularia
.89
Millspaughii
203
minor
^20
septentrionalis
81
hirlellum
1 89
moiitanus
202
Miililenhergii .S22
hichophyllus
84
Hudsonianum
190
neglectus
201
nana
5"8
Raphanus 2 120, 140
lacnstre
190
Niitkaniis
199
nigra
518, 519
Rapliauistrum
sativus
121
nigrum
190
oboz-alis
203
oblusilnha
I 520
121
oxyacanthoide
s
occidentalis
201
oliz'at/ormis
521
Rapistrum
2 140
89, 19c
odoratus
parviflorus
199
palustris 1
Phellos
516. 520
rugosum
140 j
Peniisylvanicuni 191
199
518, 519
Ratibida
3 418'
prostr.aum
2 19c
parvi/'olitis
203
platanoides
1 521
( Lepachys)
roluiidifolinm
1.^9
sa.ra'tilis vars.
201
prinoides
Prinus i
523
columnaris
419
rubruin
191
sctosus
204
520, 522
pinnata
418
" subx'landiilos. 191
strigosus
200
rubra
516, .Sl.^
Tagctes
419
sttosum
18^
tiifloriis
201
Rudkini
I 5ifc
Razoumofskya
I 535
I'vacrispa
1S9
tri'vialis
204
it dial a
521
(Arceutliobium )
Ricinus
2 ^68
villosus vars.
202-205
Texana
517
pusilla
535
coninuinis
36S
Rudbeckia
3 414
linclona
517
Redfieldia
1 1X6
Rid dt 11 Id
ampkxicaulis
418
tridentata
52(
flcxuopa
186
Ta^etiiuie
3 444
aspera
%
velutina
517
Reiiealmia
Roherlsonia
2 174
Brittonii
I'irens
52.
UMieaides
I 374
mieraiilliidi/i
lia 174
eiil 11 "maris
■*'2
Virginiana
52,
, RKSKDACliAE
2 1 58
Robinia
2 29^
fulgida
416
416
Quota
Canadensis
Reseda
2 158
hispid a
29=
hirta
2 4c
) alba
150
Pseudacacia
294
laciniata
417
capillaeca
Qui II aria
Quincula
( Pkysalis in
4'
) lute a
159
viscosa
29;
" humilis
418
2 41.
i I.uteola
158
Roripa
2 12^
pallida
420
418
3 13
! odoiata
159
( iVastiiitiiim
pinnata
part)
RlIAMNACEAE
2 404
Americana
12;
purpurea
420
lobata
13
2 Rhamnus
2 4'-'5
Armoracia
12-
spathulata
417
Ra/'ania ozuila
RAsrNcri..\cr.
I 56t
) alnifolia
406
curvisiliiiua
12f
1 speciosa
417
AE 2 51
1 Caroliniana
406
hispida
12,
; subtomcntosa
4'5
Ranunculus
2 7
2 calliartica
405
Nasturtium
12f
) Tai^eles
419
abort ivuB
77. 7*
< Frangula
406
obtusa
12,
\ triloba
415
acris
79, 8
1 lauceolata
405
palustris
12
; Ruellia
3 202
affiiiis
altsmae/oliu
2 7
' Rhexia
2 474
sessiliflora
I2(
1 billoia
202
s 7
S aristosa
475
sinuatfi
12.
ciliosa
; " parvi flora
203
AUeRlianiensis T
■< ciliosa
475
spliaerocarpa
12,
203
ambif^ens
aquttlilis vai
7
i Mariana
474
sylvestris
12,
" ambijrua
203
s. 8
4 peliolala
475
RoSACEAli
2 19.
oblongi/olia
202
550
GENERAL INDEX OE LATIN NAMES.
[Vol.. III.
Ruellia
peciunculata
3 2",-!
•strcpeiis
2112
" iiiicranllia
202
" (leislaiillia
202
Rumex
I .S4r
Acetosa
5ti<
Acetosella
547
altissiiiius
549
Kritaiuiica 5
49. 55"
coiiKloiiieratus
I 55'
crispus
551
dii;yniis
5'>3
Eitf^elmanni
54H
liastatulus
5tH
Hydiohxpatlium 5511
viaiilimus
552
obtusifolius
552
occideiitalis
550
oihiculaliii
5=."
I'atifiilia
55"
per^icarioides
552
pulclier
5S2
salicifolius
549
saiiKiiiiKUS
551
veiiosus
.54«
verticillatus
549
Ruppia
I 78
iiiaritima
79
lac 11 <.lrii
79
occidctitalis
79
RUTACICAU
2 ,152
Rynchospora
I 27G
(inc. iicliof litis
)
alba
I 277
axillaris
279
capillacea
27S
cefilialaiitha
279
corniculata
276
cyniosa
280
fUSCH
279
glomerala
278
Kracilenta
279
inexpaiisa
280
Knieskernii
27S
viiicitisliichya
276
jiitens
257
olig:antIia
277
pallida
277
paiiiiiilala
27«
scirpoides
25S
Torreyana
280
Sabbatia
2 608
angiilatiK
610
aiigustifolia
609
brarhiala
61)9
calycina
610
calyCDSa
610
campamilata
611
caiiipestris
6i<>
clilaraides
612
dodccandra
612
EUiottii
611
,i;iaii/is
611
latieenlata
609
paiiiculata
609-11
stellaris
611
Sagina
2 20
apetala
29. ,v>
decumbens
2 i"
•' Smitliii
.V
eitY/ij
29
foiiliiialis
24
I.iniiaei
.1»
nodosa
3"
prociiinbens
29
i^aKitioides
3"
suhultita
30
Vira'iiica
621
Sagittaria
I 87
ambiKiia
9"
arifolia
89
calycina
87
cristata
QI
cuneata
89
Sagittatia
]':n|;Llnianniana
ftilinia
prraniinca
lieleri'filixila
lancifdlia
latifolia
InnRiUiba
lonKirostra
iialaiis
platyphylla
}>ii/ii\sieiis
pUSlliil
radicans
rigida
iiiliillnefitUa
snbulat.i
teres
Viiriiibilis
.Salicackak
Saliconiia
anil>i);u-i
HiRflDvii
Eiiiitpiitii var.
/nilirosa
lierbacea
vnuroiiit/a
I'iiXiiiiia
Salix
adeno]>liylla
alba
amyRdaloides
tiii!;iis/a/a
arclica
argyrocarpa
Rabylonioa
balsamifera
Ilarclayi
Hcbbiana
Krownii
Candida
Citerulea
cordata
Culleri
desertorum
discolor
e'iocfphalii
fa I cat a
nuviatilis
fragilis
glauca
,!,' rncilis
(flaucopliylla
lierbacea
humilis
longi/iilia
lucida
Missouriensis
niyrtilloides
nigra
petiolaris
phylicifolia
pn'uiiidt:'!
purpnrea
reticulata
mslralci
sericea
tristis
I'vaursi
vestita
viminalis
viteUina
Wardi
Salfiiiiffia 2
Salsola' I
di/>iessa
Kali
salsa A»iei icaiia
Tragus
Salvia 3
aziirea f;'iiiidi/.
lanceolata
lyrata
Pitcher!
pratensis
88
<P
9'
90
')"
«S
89
88
92
92
88
92
80
90
88
i>>
88
92
49 >
582
583
583
5-'2
5S3
5«2
58,?
583
4^3
5"4
496
495
5"3
502
500
49"
504
504
498
502
501
496
5"3
51 >5
5'»
49<)
49-1
494
497
496
5"!
51 »)
5"^
5"5
498
497
495
503
505
49J, 495
500
500. 5"2
1 499
497
497
498
499, 503
1 499
5<)5
498
5<"
496
495
2 495
1 585
5«5
586
5H4
586
99
100
100
99
IllO
100
Salvia
.Sclarea 3 I'H
iirticifolia Kn
verbenaca lui
Sai.vimalEAK I 34
Salvinia i 3 1
natans ,^i
Sambucus 3 227
Canadensis 228
nigra laciniala 228
piibcns 228
" <tissecta 22S
Samolus 2 587
floribiindus ,s87
I'aleraiidi var.
/inien'caiiiis 587
Sangu'lnaria 2 i<>i
Canadensis Kia
Sanguisotba 2 228
Canadensis 228
Sanguisorba 228
Sanicula 2 52.;
Canadensis 524
gregaria 524
Marylandica 523
trifoliata 524
.Santai.acf.ak 1 536
Sanloliiia
siiairoleiis 3 4(')0
Sai'im>aci:ai; 2 4112
Sapindus 402
III iiDiiiia/its 402
niarginatiis 402
Stipniiaria 402
Saponaria 2 1 7
orticinalis 18
I 'area I ia 18
.Sapotackak 2 595
Saracha 3 133
Sarcobatus i 583
verniicularis 584
Sarolliamii is
scofiariiis 2 271
Sarothra 2 435-6
Vrumninndii 43s
gentianoides 436
SARRACKNIACIvAE 2 159
Sarracenia 159
;lava 160
heleiophylla 160
purpurea and var. 160
Sassafras 2 97
officinale 97
Sassafras 97
Satureia 3 107
liortt.isis 107
01 iiraiioides 116
Thymus K?/;y. 11 1
Virs^iuiniia 112
I'liXtiiua in
Salyi iiitn
rcficiis
SAURIRACI'.AE
Saururus
ccrnnus
, Savastana
( Hierocloi')
alpina
Nasliii
, odorata
pauci flora
Saxii-ragackae
Saxifraga
acoiiili/olia
aizoides
Aizoon
caespitosa
Carnlhiiaiia
cernua
coniosa
erosa
/olinlosa
Forbesii
Ileum
Grayana
Saxifraga
Hirculus 2 171
leucanlhcmifoliii 176
Micli.'iuxii 2 176
nivalis 174
opposilifolia 171
Pcnnsylvaiiica 173
rivularis 172
stellaris and var. 175
Suit ivii ilia 177
tricuspidata 172
Virginitnsis 171
Scabiosa 3 248
arvensis 249
australis 2.49
Scandix 2 528, 531
Cci efolium 528
I'ecten-Veneris 531
Schedonnardus i 179
I)aniculatns 179
I'txaniis 179
.SCHEUCH/.ERI.\CEAE
I 82
Scheuchzeria 84
palustris 84
.SCIIIZAKACE.VI; I 7
Schizaea 7
l)nsilla 7
Scliociiiis
mariscoidcs
ni/iis
see Rynchospora
I 474
I 482
482
482
I 13'
1.32
3 5"2
1 132
132
2 169
'77
171
173
173
175
2 172
175
174
175
173
176
175
379.
Scliollera i
j^iamiiica
O.tyciHctis
Sc/iraiUia
aiigiishila
uncinala
Schwalbea
Americana
Schueinilxia
Caroliiiiana
odmaUi
Scilla
Frasei i
Scirpus
aciciihii is
ociiniiiialiis
Americanus
alio fill rpuiciis
atrovirens
aiiluniiiali i
caespitosus
Californicus
campestris
CaiiI'Vi
capillaiis
capilalus
castaneiis
Clintoni
cylindricus
cyperinus
debilis
divaricatus
eijiitseloidfs
Kriophoriim
fluviatilis
•j^hiucesceiis
Hallii
iiilcrvtedius
inleisliihliis
lacustris
Icplolcpis
lineatus
maiilimiis
micianlliHS
microcarpus
niucronatus
miilalus
nanus
11 i tens
Novae-Angliae
Dlneyi
ovniiis
266,
281
267
276
58'
380
581
256
256
181
181
555
555
423
261
252
255
265
250
269
260
262
267
267
266
258
250
2,59
263
266
27'
2G4
270
248
271
268
252
264
255
248
266
266
270
268
275
26<»
266
249
262
257
. 5"9
265
251
2
171
ifolia
.76
2
176
174
a
171
ica
173
172
d var.
175
"77
1
172
s
171
3
24H
249
240
2 52S,
5,V
I
52«
ens
5.?'
S I
17')
s
■79
179
lACEAE
I
82
84
84
I 281
267
I 276
), 2 5S1
1 380
2 581
2 256
256
3 i8"
181
2 555
555
I 42,1
I 261
252
255
265
i" 250
269
260
262
267
267
266
25H
250
2,S9
1^
271
264
270
248
271
268
252
255
248
266
266
270
266, 268
I 275
269
266
249
262
257
e 3 519
I 265
251
1 2.SI
262
270
263
269
Vor,. III.]
Scirpus
pahisliis
pauciflorus
Peckii
planifolius
polypliyllus
piiiipeiis 265
tjiiadraiii^iilatiis 249
reliofractus 244
Tobustus 26S
roslcllaliis 256
rufus 267
Sraitliii 264
spadiceiis 259
subterminalis 263
suftiinis 264
sylvaticus 268, 269
Talora i 267
tenuis 255
Torreyi 26,s
lorlilis 253
tubeiriilosus 253
V'ahlii 260
validiis 266
ll'oljii 252
Scleranthus 2 4"
aiimius 41
Scleria i 281
lava 2S2
oligaiitlia 281
pauciflora 283
reticularis 282
Torreyana 282
triiflonierata 282
verticillata 283
Sclerolepis 3 306
uni flora 306
Z'eilicillala 306
Scolochloa I 2'.i9
festucacea a^
Scolopendrium i 21
Scolopendriura 21
vulifiire 21
SCROPHUI.ARIACEAE
3 142
Scrophularia 148
leporella 149
Marylandica 148
ttodosa var. Afar. 148
Scutellaria 3 78
am h iff II a 8r
Britlonii 82
campestris 82
ctini'scenf 79
cordifolia !<o
Druiniiiondii 81
galericulata 83
hirsiila 80
liyssopi/olia 80
incana 3 70
integrifolia 80
laevigata 79
lateriflora 79
mollis 82
nervosa 83
ovali/olia 80
parvula 81
pilosa 80
resitiosa 81-2
saxalilis 3 82
serrata 79
leuci iifolia 83
versicolor 80
Wriffhtii 81
Sedum 2 164
acre 166
Nevii 168
pulchellutu 167
reflexum 167
Rhodiola 165
roseuni 165
sparsifloruvi 166
stcnopetalvim 166
telepliioides 165
Telephium 165
GENER.'Mv INDEX OF L.-VTIN NAMES.
Sedum
ternatuni 2 167
Torreyi 166
SCLACINICI.LACKAE
I (4
Selaginella 44
apns 45
rupestris 44
selaginoides 44
spinoiti 44
Selenia 2 134
aurea 134
Sell mini
acaiile 2 517
Canadeiise 512
Sempervivum 2 168
iccloruiu 168
Seiiehicra
Coronopns 2 113
didyiiia 113
Semxioneae 3 301
Senecio 3 475
antciinariifoHus 478
atripluifoliiis 474
aureus aud var.
479-81
" august i/ol I lis 479
" pauciflorus 3 4S0
gracilis 481
Balsamitae 479
caiius 477
conipaclus 480
discoideus 479
Douglapii 481
Elliottii 47S
eloiigatus 478
frigidus 476
liieraci/olius 473
intefrerriraus 476
Jacobaea 3 482
obtusus 481
lelgan 477
lyratus 4S1
obovatus var. 478-<.i
" elongatus 3 478
" rotuiidus 479
palustris 481
paiui/loriis 4S0
Plattensis 478
Pseudo-Arnica 476
Robinsii 4S1)
Sinallii 470
sylvaticus 4S2
tomentosus 477
viscosus 483
vulgaris 482
Serapias
viridiflora I 469
Sericocarpus 3 353
asteroides 354
bifoliatus 354
coiivzoides 354
linifolius 3S3
solidagiiieiis 353
torti/olius 3^4
Seiinia 3 263
( Apogon)
oppositi folia 263
Serratula
see Lacinaria 3 315-1S
arveiisis 3 489
glaiica 303
' Soi'eboraceusis 3ija
Sesban 2 293
{Sesbania\
iiiacrocarpa 296
Seshania 2 295
Seseli
divaricalum 2 527
Sesleria
daelyloides i 183
Sesuvium i 598
maritinium 598
pentandrum 598
Setaria
Setai ia
dticlvloides i 1S3
see Ixophorus 126-127
Seyiiieria
niacropliylla 3 172
Sheplierdia
a y gen lea 2 468
Oniadeiisis 467
Sherardia 3 226
arvciisis 226
Sibbaldia 2 217
procuiiibens 217
Silitlicrpia
ez'olviilaiea 3 20
Sicyos 3 252
aiigulatus 252
lohala 251
Sida 2 4i3, 421
A fill I Hon 422
aleeoides 418
Kllioltii 421
lieriiiaplirodita 422
liispida 42(1
A'apaeti 422
spinosa 421
Stella la 3 5'9
Sideroxylon
lanufiinosuin 2 596
lycioides 596
Siegesheckia
oaidenlalis 3 430
Sieglingia i 184
( Tncuspis, Triodia 1
albescens 3 5113
decunil)ens i 1S3
elongata 3 504
pilosa 504
purpurea i 185
seslerioides 184
stricta 185
Sileue 2 8
acaulis 8
alba 9
Anglica 12
antirrhina n
" divaricata 11
.Aruieria 1 1
Caroliniana n
conica 3 5U
Ciiciibalus 2 9
dicliotonia 12
Drummoiidi 15
Gal I ica 12
inflala 9
Menziesii 13
nivea 9
nocti flora 12
noctiirna 12
tiutans 9
ovata ><
Peiinsylvanica 11
raceinosii 1 2
regia 2 id
rotniidifolia 10
stellata 8
Virginica 10
vulgaris 9
Silphium 3 4u6
Asteiiscus 407
integrifolium 407
laciniatum 408
jVutlallianitiu 410
perfoliatum 406
terebinthinaccnni 41)8
" pinuatifidum 408
trifoliatum 407
Silvbum 3 490
Mcirianiiin i,^f>
Simariuai;eae 2 354
Sinapis 3 117
alba 117
arvensis 119
jiincea 118
nigra 118
Sison 2 534-0
551
Sison
A mini 2 534
Ciinadense 536
Sisymbrium 2 115
Atliaria 115
altissiniuin 1 16
bracliycnrpon 145
cniiescens 145
den la I II in 148
liunii/'usum 147
luiinile 116
niurate 120
oflicinalc 116
J'linnoiiicuni 116
Sinapisli mil 116
teniiifoliiim 120
Thaliiinuin 146
see Roripa 2 124-6
Sophia 144
Sisyrinchium i 453
anceps i 453, 454
angustifoliuni 1 4,54
Atlanticum 454
Beriiiiidiaiia 453
graniinoides 453
miicronaliini 454
Si Ian ion
elynioides i 232
Sitilias 3 278
( Pyirliopappus)
Caroliniana 279
grandillora 279
Slum 2 513, 532-8
angxistifolium 2 538
Carsoni 532
cicutaefolium 532
erect urn 538
hilifoliiini 533
line are 532
longi/'olium 513
rigid nm 513
Smii.aceae I 438
Smilaciiia
bit'olia I 431
see Vagnera i 429
Smilax i 438
Hona-nox 441
C'ldiica 440
ecirrliata 439
glauca 440
/iiislata 44 (
licrbacea 439
liispida 440
lanceolata 442
laurifolia 441
Pseudo-China 441
piilveruleiita 439
giiadrangiilaiis 440
rotundifolia i 440
spinulosa 440
tainnifolia 439
tain no ides 441
Walleri 442
Sinyrnium
at ropiirpu renin
2 5i3
auieiim 534
haihinode 518
coidatiint 535
in/igeri imtim 526
niidiciiiile 516
S(1i,anaci;ae 3 124
Solanum 3 134
Carolinense 135
citrulli folium 136
ci>ui(>iJes 133
O'lonopus 134
Dulcamara 137
elaeagnifolium 135
heteiandriim 136
lieterodoxum 136
Lycopersicum 137
nigrum 134
rosttatum 136
552
Solanum
Torreyi 3 'V'
triflorum I,i5
triquetrum 137
So/ea
foiicolor 2 45(1
Solidago 3 .^3<)
nlpestris XV
allisiima 330. 314
arguta 3 34^
" sia /»■<■/ la 341
axillaris 332
bicolor 333
" tiuuolor 333
Biltelovii i}i?:
Boottii 34'^i
caesia ii^
'axillaris i},2
Canadensis 344
•• gilvocanesceiis 344
"glabrata 3 344
" procera 344
" scabia 344
" seabriuscula 344
cotdata 349
Curtissii and var. 333
Driiiumondii 3 ,M5
Elliottii 34"
elliplica M°
erecta 334
fisUilosa 339
flexicaiilis 332
Gattingeri 343
gij,'ait/eii 342-3
gracilis 3 332
);ramiiii/oliii 347
hirsii/it ^.'i^
liispida .'i.'..^
HouKhtoni 347
/niniilis 337
" Gi/lmani 338
inaiiia 3 344
juneea 341
" nimosa 342
" scabrcUa 341
lameolula 347
lali/olia 332
lalerifloia 3H0
leplr'cephala 3jS
Lindlieimeriana 335
liiioides 341
niaciophylla 334
Jlissouriensis 343
mollis 344
nionlicola 334, 337
^rull lenheri; it 342
niiiltiradiata 340
negUcta and var. 341
neniciralis 3 344
" ariMiicola 344
odora 33S
" ini)dora 338
Oliio-nsis 346
patula 339
petiolaris 332
pi/osii 33(»
procira 344
pubenila 335
Purshii 3^7
nuetiiosa 337
Radula 345
relrorsa 3,^8
Riddellii 346
rigida 34.S
rigidiiiscula 336
rugosa 3 339
rupesttis ,^42
Saiotlrae 320
scahra 344
sempervireus 33'^
serotina 342
" K'ljanlea 343
Sliortii 343
sphacehila 349
GENERAL INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
Solidago
speciosa 3 336
" iiiiiiiistiila 334'!
" pallida 3 356
" ligidiKsciila 336
squarrosa 331
slricta 3^5
tcniiifolia 348
Terrae-Xovae 341
//lyrwiciru 334
tortifolia 338
nliginosa 336, 341
lilniifolia 3 340
uniligiilata 341
viixa/,! 335
Virganrea ^t,~
'• <7 //>/«(/ T,},-
' Ilcanei 337
" Ctilniani 338
" Kandii 3,^7
" Redfieldii 337
" moHlicolii 337
Sonchus 3 271
aciiminatus 275
arvensis 272
asper 272
Floiidanus 275
I^udovicianiis 273
oleraceus 272
ptilchcllus 275
spiciiliis 276
Sophia a 144
( Sisymbrium in part )
Hartwegiana 145
incisa 145
pinnata 145
Sophia 144
Sophora 3 263
II II Sim /is 265
sericea 263
litiilnria 266
-'i/iosa 266
Soibus 3 233
Americana 233
Aucuparia 233
tuiiiocarpii 233
sambuci folia 2^3
Sorghum 1 104
az'enace'iin 104
Haleptnse 104
miliins 104
SPARCA.NTACEAli 1 63
Sparganium i 63
androcladtim 64
aiiaiisli/ti/iiiin (\.\
eurycarpum (13
/III Hans (14
minimum 04
simplex 64
Spiirs;aiii'plipriis
■■criicillatus J, i'-^
Spartina i 175
iilleriiifiorii 177
cynosuroides 173
);iabra \--
gracilis 176
jiiiuea \-u
patens 176
polystacliya 176
stricta 177
Spar/ ill III
Sto/iariiiiii 2 271
Spathyema i 363
foetida 363
Speiii/aria
/'iZ/ora 3 256
/ep/o,aipa 256
perfh/ia/a 256
Spergula 2 30, 36
arvensis 36
deciimbeiis 30
nodosa 30
saiiiiioidfs 30
Spci\i;ii/aria
media 2 37
Speigii/aria
rubra 2 3;
sa/iiia 37
Spermacoce 3 217
diddiiia 217
glabra J17
Sl-KKMATfirilVTA I 411
Spermolepis 2 537
divaricatns 537
echinatus 337
Sphaeialcea 2 422
aceri folia 423
cuspidata 3 ,sii)
rivii/aris 2 423
s/f//a/a 3 ,siii
Spiesia 2 1,0-
(Oiy/ropis)
arctica 30S
Belli 300
campestris 3ttS
inflata 307
Lamberti 309
" sericea 31X)
multiceps 308
splendens 7,o()
Spigelia 2 61,5
Marylandica (hi.s
Spilanthes 3 414
repens 414
Spiraea 3 170, 195
Ariinciis 170, 197
be/u/ifo/ia var. 2 196
coryrabosa 196
opii/i/\i/ia 195
salicifolia 196, 224
sorbifolia 3 197
tomentosa 196
s/ipii/a/a 198
/rifo/ia/a 198
Virginiana 197
see Ulmaria 3 224
Spiraii/lies
decipieiis i 475
gruminea var. 471
see Gyrostachys 470
Spiiodela i 365
(Lemna in part)
polyrhiza 363
Sporobolus I 150
(inc. I'i/fa)
airoides i 155
argutus 1 34
asper jji
asperifolius 150
brevifolius 153
conipressus i,s6
cryi)tandtus 155
cuspidatus 153
dif>.iiipeia/iis 153
heterolepis 153
Indicus 134
junceus 154
longifolius 151
minor 152
neglectus 132
pilosus 132
serotinus 136
vaginacllorus 132
Virginicus 153
Stachys 3 96
anibigua 97
arvensis c»S
aspera us
lle/oiiica 119
Cinciiiiia/ciisis 97
cordata ciS
C'.ermanica 5:!!
x/abra 97
hyssopi folia 96-7
/i is pi da ' 9S
.\ii//ai/ii 9.S
palustris 96-7
tenuifoiia (17
Stanleya 3 ico
pinnata 109
LVor,. in.
stanleya
pinna/ ifida
2 109
SrAl'IIVI.KACKAE
2 .Vlf)
Staphylea
3')6
trifolia
3^)6
Statice
3 595
.■\nneria
595
Caro/iniuna
594
Limonium var
594
vulgaris
595
Steitonema
3 589
ciliatum
589
in/erniedium
59"
lanceolatum
590
longijolium
59«
quadriflorum
591
radicans
590
tonsuri
59°
Siellaria
alpeslris
2 34
aqualica
20
liiflora
,32
borcalis
li
ceras/ioides
crassifolia
24
FAi:idrdsii
='3
fon/tna/is
24
Friesiana
32
graminea
22, 23
Groen/andica
2 34
Holos/ea
22
humifusa
£ i
longt/o/ia
22
longipes
23
media
21
peduncularis
2.5
piibera
22
u/if;inosa
21
Stenanthium
» 403
angiislifo/iuni
403
gramineum
4^3
rohustum
404
Stenophragma
a 146
( Sisym briu m in part ) |
Tlialiana
146
Stenophyllus
I 35S
( Fimbris/ylis'm part ) |
capillaris
25»
Stenosiphon
2 498
linifoliiim
499
virga/iis
499
Stenotus
3 329
( Aplofiappus in part ) |
armerioides
329
Sieplianomcria
minor
3 268
nincina/a
268
S/evia
ca//osa
3 447
spliacela/a
447
S/iuar/ia
2 426
Stillingia
2 3<^
sylvatica
3<i9
Stipa
I 137
avenacea
138
/>ar/>a/a
J3»
biro/or
'3»
capil/aris
•45
comata
138
Jiincea
'39
Macounii
■37
mbraiiacea
141
,\i,cliardsonii
137
spartea i
38. 1.^9
Vii . ica
I 138
virinula
•38
Slorpelina
elegans
3 316
S/raiiioniuin
125
Streptopus
» 432
amplexifolius
432
/anii,i;iiiOsus
431
roseus
433
Strophostyles
2 3.38
(f'/iaseolus in part)
.
2 109
iAE
2 .^96
396
396
a 595
595
a
594
var.
594
595
2 5H9
5«9
m
590
I
590
n
591
111
591
59'>
590
a 24
ao
32
24
J
28
24
'i
24
22
22, 23
ica
2 34
22
s:
22
23
21
■IS
?3
22
21
I 405
turn
403
1
403
404
I
a 146
/wjinpart)
146
1 2.S8
C/»iJnpart)
25t^
3 498
499
499
3 329
us in part )
s
329
ria
3 268
268
3 447
447
2 426
2 369
3' 19
I '37
•38
«38
138
M5
138
139
137
uea
141
n a
137
38. 139
I 138
J 38
3 316
I
125
I 432
litis
4^2
us
431
433
B
2 33S
Vol. III.]
GENER.\L INDEX OF LATIN NAMES.
553
ani;ulosa
2 338
lielvola
3.A8
" Missouriensis 3,^1
paticiflora
2 339
pediinculaiis
3.W
umbellata
3.W
Stuartia
2 426
Malachoilftulron 426
pentaKyna
2 427
I'hffiiiica
42h
Stylipiis
:'frniis
2 220
S/ylis'iia
"see Breweria
3 20-1
Stylophorum
2 1112
dipliyllum
102
Stylosanthes
2 312
bi flora
312
elalior
312
raceiiiosa
285
riparia
3 5' 7
Styr.\(;eai5
2 ,S98
Styrax
598
Aniericatia
599
(traidifolta
599
ptilvenileiita
599
Sua (da
dfprcssa
15S5
linearis var.
584
nia> ilium
585
Subulatia
2 110
aqualica
no
Suicisa
auslralis
3 249
Sullivantia
2 177
Oh ion is
"77
Sullivaiitii
177
Sun :ia
Cm inthiaca
2 619
diffo run's
611
deflexa
t>20
rota la
(.18
SYMrivr.\i,.*E
2 54S
Symphoticaipos
3 235
occideiitalis
736
iir/iit ulala
-3«.
paticiflorus
2.V'
racemosus
235
Syiiiphoricarpos 236
l'iil!;aris
230
Symphytum
3 <'7
oflicinale
67
Syiiiploiarf'us
foetid II ?
I 3''>3
Sv.Mri.oc.\ci:.\K
2 5ti7
Symplocos
597
tinctoria
597
Syoandra
3 '11
j^raiiitiHora
<|l
hispidula
01
Syndesmon
2 66
( Aiifiiiiiiii'lla)
tlialictroides
66
Synosma
3 474
( Cacalia in part)
suaveolens
475
Syntherisma
I ;in
( Viaitaiia :
Ptiiiiiinii in part)
fdifornii.s
I 1 1 1
f:: labia
II I
lineaiis
1 1 1
praerox
1 1 1
sangiiinalis
111
serotina 1 1 1
; 3 496
villosa
I 1 1 1
Syiittiyris
3 Ifi5
Houghloniana I'Vi
riihi a
166
Sytinga
2 6ii<i
vulgaris
6<>o
Taheriiaemonlaiia
A II ISO 11 ill
3 I
Ta jell's
Ta,i;eti s
papposa 3 453
Talinum 2 i
calycinuni 2
parviflorum 2 ,
teretifolium i
Tanacetum 3 460
Huronense 461
vulgare 4(>o
" crispnm 460
Taraxacum 3 270
J)fiis-lr<iiiis 271
erythrospernnim 271
pffii'iiiair 271
taraxacum 271
" alpiiium 271
T.W.VCE.Mi I 61
Taxodium i 57
distichuni .s'^
Taxus I (>i
baccala 61
brcvi/olia (>i
Canadensis 61
minor 61
Tecoma 3 u*"^
radicans kk)
Ti'phrosia
liolosrricea 2 293
see Ctacca 292-3
Tetragonanthus 2 61 y
( Half Ilia )
deflexns and var. 620
Tetiagonotheca 3 413
hclianthoides 414
Tetraiithera
aeniciilata
Teucrium
Canadense
occidentalis
I'iiXiiiiciiin
Thalesia
[Apliynon)
fasciculata
" lutea
uniflora
Thalia
dcalbata
Thalictium
alpinuin
aiii'inonoides
cam pest re
clavatum
coriacetim
Coriiuli
dioicuni
polyKriiniim
jiurpurascens
" cci it'll Ilia
vcnuUisum
Tliap^in
Iril'oliala 2 51 S
Thaspium 2 31S
alropiirpiiieiiiii 518
anil Ilia 2 31S
" a pier II III 531
barbitiode 518
" anjjnsti folium 51S
pimiatifidiim 51S
trifoliatiim 518
' a pier II III 535
ll'al/eii 518
TliI-.\CEAK 2 426
Thelesperma 3 41'
anibigiuim 441
Jitit'oliiiiii 441
(fracile 442
trifidum 441
Thelypodium 2 1 10
iiitcKrifoHum im
pinnalifidiim 123
Tluriiiia
liioiiihit'oHa 2 263
Thermopsis 2 264
mollis 264
rliombifolia 265
Therofon
(Hoykinia)
aconitifolium
napelloides
Tlicsiuni
niiibellatiiin
Thlaspi
arvense
Bursapasloris
cam pest re
perfoliatnm
Thuja
occidentalis
TlIVMKI,K.\CK.\K
Thymophylla
2 176
177
177
( hh'iiienantUeniiii )
53"
J13
114
139
III
114
58
58
465
453
2 07
3 7"
7('
7^>
3 194
195
195
1 05
1 455
455
2 86
86
66
88
87
87
88
87
8S
88
88
88
aurea
Thymus
Acinos
Serpylluiu
Tiaiella 2
bite mat a
cordi folia
Tiedeniannia
rii^ida :
tcretifolia
TlLI.\CEAE :
Tilia :
alba
Americana
" Walteii
Canadensis
Knropaea
f; I a bra
heterophylla
pubescens
Tillaea
aquatica
simplex
Tillandsia
usneoidea
Tipularia
disiiu'or
unifolia
Tissa 2
Kliiida)
iSpi iffulai ia)
Canadensis
marina
rubra
salt ml
Tofieldia
gliuinosa
pahistri-i
pii best ens
racemosa
Toi dyliiim
Aiitlirisciis
nodi i,( /( in
Torilis
A II til rise IIS
nodosii
Torment illiZ
reptans
Toi I eya
iiiiiinliili'id
Towndsendia
(jraiiditlora
exscaj)!!
serieea
Toxiiodeiidron
I renal mil
piniialiiin
:■ III:; a re
Toxyleu
(Madura)
pomiferuni
Ttachelospermum
( Ee titles ill part
difl'oriiie
Traclii'iiotia
polyslae/iya
Tradescantia
bracteata
brevicaulis
3 453
3 "5
lOQ
J 15
170. 177
170
178
513
5' 3
413
4'3
4"4
414
414
414
4it
414
414
414
104
1(14
164
374
374
47<)
4S0
4S1
3*^-7
1 3'!*:)
309
4.«)
4>M
2 311
5I"
2 51 1
51"
2 216
1378
377
378
3 5>"
1378
377
2 366
368
367
368
3'''7
3<>7
3«^7
3f'7
3 26S
264
269
2()9
263-4
1 105
2 500
a 300
31H)
2 72
72
72
2 ■^:^,(>
437
43<'
2 352
.152
352
I 145
I 159
I 6
6
Tradescantia
Jlexiiosa
inontana
pilosa
reflexa
rosea
Virginiana
Tiagia
cordala
HI HOC II a
macrocarpa
iiepetaefolia
raniosa
sty I a ris
urens
Tragopogon
Dandelion
par\'ifolius
pratensis
t'iri;inieiiiii
Traf;us
Trapaceae
Trapa
natans
Trautvetteria
Carolinensis
pa I mala
Triadenum
(El odes)
petiolatum
Virginicum
Tribulus
maxim us
terrestris
Triclioihloa
miciosperma
Trichodiuin
see Agrostis
Trichomanes
radicans
Trieliophylhim
opfyositi folium
Trichostema
braeliiatiim
dichotomum
lineare
Trie- pis
acuiiiinala
albescens
purpurea
Irinervij^liimis
Trientalis
.\iiicricana
Trifolium
agrarium 273
arvense 27''
Heckwitliii 277
bitloriim 312
Carolinianuiu 279
dubium 273
erectiim 337
liybridum 278
incarnatum 2711
medium 277
minus 273
pratense 276
procumbcns 273
reflexum 278
repens 279
si mpliei folium 337
stoloniferum 278
Virginicum 277
Triglochia i S2
el a la >^^
inaritima 83
paluslris 83
striata 83
Iriandra '!•},
Tri^oiiella
4 Americana 2 280
Trilisa 3 3i8
176 if.ialris)
377 odoratissima 319
5111 panicnlata 319
',78 Trillium i 435
3 448
3 77
77-78
78
78
3 504
.503
1 l'^3
3 5<'4
2 591
,S92
2 274
35'
35'
5 -'I I
4
1 ' !
554
Trillium i
iHrmiuiii I 4,^7
LR'ctiim 437
(lylliiiuai f>ii»l 4.(S
jrraiidindruiu 4,(7
iiivak- I i.Vi
ri.cui\!itum .(>)
1 liiDiihoiiiciiiii 4,(7
sessik- 4,V-)
uiululatum 4^18
viri(l(j 3 51 1
albescens 3 511,^
iiifiiea I 1.S4
dim III tie Its iX$
s/n'itii iSs
Triosteum 3 2,u
aiiKUstifolium 2,()
liL-rfolialuiii 2,; I
Tri/>()liiiiii
ti Hi; II St II III 3 3S3 -
Tripsacum i '97
daclvloiiKs 98
Tri/>/eietta
enei iiteii i 456
Tri/>teiidiiin/
mi nan I till III 597
Trisetum i 170
navcscL'iis 171
paliislie 171
Peniisylvanicum 171
praleiise 1 171
suhspioatuin 171
Triliiiim
sie Agropyron i 226
Trollius 2 52
AineiUauus 52!
laxus 52
" atbifloriis 52
Troxiiiion
cuspidahitn 3 27S
glaiuinii 277
niaii:iiialii»i 27S
pari'iiioruin 27S
Tsuga I 55
CatiacUiisis '6
Caroliiiiaiia 56
Tut I ill 3 114 !
pviiiaiilhcmoides 114,
Tunica 3 17
Sax if rasa 17
Til nil is
see Arabis 2 i49-,so
Tussilago 3 46<)
Farfara \(*)
J'lii^ida 470
pal 111(1 la 461)
Pclasiirs 470
saiiillala 470
Tvi'ii.vcEAi-: I 62
Typha i 62
anRiistifoIia 6,(
latifolia 62
Udiiia 1 ()(
Ulex 2 270
liuropacus 270
Ul.MACIvAli 1 52,^
Ulmaria 2 223
{Spiraea in part)
paliisliis 224
rubra 224
I'liuaria 224 ;
Ulmus 1 524
alata 525
Americana 524
caiiipestris 524
fulva 525
puhesceiis 525
racemosa 524
TTmdki.likerae 2 508
Uncinia i 3S4
niicroBflochin 285
Unifolium i 430
{itaianlhemiim)
GHNIvRAL INDEX OF LATIN
(Jnifolium
{Siiiitaciiia in part)
Canadcnsi; l 4,U
liliacc'uiu (30
Uniola i 1117
i^racitis 197
laxa 197
latifiilia 197
paniculata ii>'<
spiialii 11)8
sliitta 19S
Uracil lie
aspei ifiilia i 1 |n
III i< 10 II Ilia I (11
iiiieiihisa i('i
Uralepis '.
etniiKtila 3 .S114
pilota S"\
I'UTICACKAK I S3i>
Urtica i .S3i
cliain;K<lryi)iilcs 532
ivtiiu'riea I 5,i)
t/irariiii/a s.\^
<liciiiM 531
Kra<.'ili> 531
pniiiila ,S33
uri-iis ,s,(2
Urticastrum i 532
( l.ap'ii lea \
ilivaricatuni ,s.(3
Utricularia 3 is>
hi flora 193
hipirlila 192
lerttlopUvlla 191
claiuK-itina \<yo-i
cK-istiiffaina 19)
corniita i8g
fibnisa 192
fiiriiicala 193
(libha 193
inflata ii>i
iiiti'niR'ilia 192
iiiacrnyliizii 191
juncea 189
loiiKirintiis 19,^
niiiKir 192-3
purpurea 191
ri'sui)iiial i 1911
sanalii 191 ■
seta era 1911
striata 191-2
siibulata 190
vulKari> and var, km
Uvularia i 40s
aiiipleri/olia 432
Rrandillora 4i>9
perfoliata 41)9'
puberula 41(1
sessilifolia 41)0
Vaccaiia 2 iS
[Sapiinaiia in part)
V'accaria i^
I'lilf^aris \^
VACClMACIiAIi 2 573 ,
Vaccinium 2 ,57,s 1
alhiiiii 3 241
aiiioeiiii III 2 ,S77
arboreuni 589
alrococcum 578
/)« ri/oliniii 575
caespitosum 576
Canadense 578
coryniboBuni 577
disoiiiiiip/tiiiii 578
liirtellii III 575
hispidiiliim 581
liiiustriiiiiiii 570
menibranaceuni ,S7')
iiiiicroiiatiiiii 393
myrlilloides 576
niRrum 579
ovalifolium 577
pallidum 579
Pennsylvanicuin 578
" angnstifoltuui 57S
Vaccinium
.staiuincuni
leiielliiiii
uliRinosum
vacillans
virKaluni
Vitis-Idaoa ,s8o
sec Gaylussacia ,S74-ii
Oxycoccus .s-*! 2
Vagnera i 429
Unc. Sinilaiiiia
in part)
amplexicaulis i 429
raceuuisa 429
sleilata 4311
irifolia 4311
Vai.i.ki \n \ci:ai; 3 213
Valeriana 3 243
dii'iia iw
edulis 2U
I.ociista 2(,s
" olit.. rad. 24^ I)
otliciualis 245
paiK'illora 244
sylvatica 24)
Valerianella 3 2)s
chcnopiidifolia 24H
I.ocusta 245
loiiari flora 247
iililiuia 24,s
radiata 24I)
stenocarpa 246
Woodsiana 247
" patoUaria 247
" umbilicata 247
V'ALUSXKRIACICAE
I 92
Vallisneria i 92
spiralis 93
I'aseya
I'liiiiiita 1 144
Veratruni i 407
aiiiiiisli/oliiiiii 4113
111 I emu 402
parvilloriiin 407
viride 411*^
Woodii 41)8
Verbascum 3 14,^
lilattaria 14^
Lyclinilis 144
piilonioidts 143
Tliapsus 143
V'kRHKNALKAE 3 (K)
Verbena (1)
aURUstifolia 71
Aul'hiia 72
bipinnatiflda 72
bracteosa 7 1
Canadensis 72
liastataand var. 70
iiodillora -,\
qlfiiiiialis 71)
paiiieiilala 711
piiinatijida 70
ris;ens 71
ripai ia 70
stricta 71
nrticifolia 70
Verbesina 3 429
altm 4 1 ,(
alternifolia 431
encelioides 431)
lielianthoides 4311
occidentalis 4,vi
Siec;esl>eckia 430
Virginica 429
Vernonikak 3 299
Vemonia 3 301
allissima 30,5
" i;raud iflo 1 a 31 )4
" iiiarciiiata 304
Arkaiisaiia 302
Ilaldwinii 302
crinita 302
Druuimondii 304
NAMl'S.
Vemonia
;vot
. ur.
2 ,S^o
fascicnlata
S V13
577
Kig.nitca
.v.!
sr"
Rlanca
,l".t
.V)
Jaiiiesii
S"\
577
niarginata
.VU
Noveboracensis 302
" lalifolia 303
touientosa 302
Veronica 3 iM)
aKresus and var. 170
alpina iftH
Americana 1117
.XnaBallisaquatica i(>7
arvensis 3 1(19
/III X lui II III a 1711
Hy/anlma 1711
Ciiamaedry* l()8
liederaefolia 171)
ollicinalis i()8
peregrina 199
scutellata i()7
serpylljfolia 169
I'i/tjiuiea 171
I'e.'iearia
aixi iilea 2 137
areliia 138
didyiiuicarpa l.i.s
,(,'/i'A('.(a I3()
j;racilis 1,(7
Sliiirlii I3f)
Viburnum 3 228
acerifolium 230
alnifiilium 229
cassinoides 232
Demctrinnis 231
/erru<;i lieu III 233
dentatum 231
" piiheseeiis 2,V)
laiilaiioides 229
I.entago 232
niollc 231
nudum 232
" Clai'toiii 2,(2
obovatnni 3 23,1
Opnlus 229
" e radial mil 230
paucifloruni 230
prunil'iilium 2,(3
globosum 2,(3
" /erriiiiiiiemii 233
pubesccns 23.1
rufotomentosum 2,(,(
liilolimii 229
Vicia 2 32,s
Americana 2 326
angustifolia 329
Caroliniana 327
Cracca 326
liirsnta 328
linearis 32(1
J,udi)viciaiia 327
micrantlia (27
Milihelli 328
parvifiora 327
sativa 328
sepium 329
tetrasi)erma 32H
Iriiiicata (26
Vigna 2 339
Catjaii'f 340
Sinensis 340
I'll fa
see Sporobolus 1 152-6
I' ill ar si a
aqualica 2 623
laeiiiiosa 622
Viuca 3 2
minor 2
Vincetoxicum 3 1 7
( Gonololiiis)
BaUhvinianwm 19
Carolinense 18
gonocarpos i 7
" laevis i,S
[Vol,
//
naU
loraceiisis
itolin
itosa
I 3
lis and var.
a
icaiia
allisaiiuaticaU);
ur.
3"3
3'M
3"4
,V't
',V>3
302
IW)
170
ii>7
lliq
>7"
170
KiS
ISIS
'mil III a
iitina
laidryi'
racfoiia
iialis
^liiia
fUata
yllifolia
;iiiii\l
I ill
iiu-a 2 '■'
ica
■iiidcarpa
I'sa
:i/is
It a
lum 3
•ifi)lium
f( ilium
iiiKiiilcs
nclriiiiiis
• Kiiiiiriiin
it.itum
'iii/tesiriis
laiioiiifs
itajTo
Ho
lum
Clavloiii
)vatuiu 2
ulus
(■radial mil
uciflorum
iiuifoHum
ibiisum
/t'rniaiiieniii
,bescens
fotiimeutosum
ilohinn
inericana
igustifolia
iioliniaua
racca
irsuta
ncaris
uiloviciaiia
licraiitlri
tihiielli
aiviflora
itiva
L'pium
jtrasptTma
iiincata
SaljaiiS
sinensis
//"(I
ii-e Sporobolus i 152-6
■liar si a
lOS
107
169
'7'
I,Vi
1,V'
>.i7
l.V>
\ 2ii
2,V>
229
231
2.V?
231
2.VJ
229
232
231
232
232
3 233
229
2,V>
230
233
233
233
2311
233
229
325
326
329
327
326
32H
326
'327
32H
327
328
329
32«
326
2 330
34»
34"
7i/iialic'a
'aiiiiiosa
uca
minor
ncetoxicum
( Oonolol'iis)
BaUlwinianum
Carolinense
gonocarpos
" laevis
623
622
2
2
17
19
18
17
iS
Vol. III.]
GENEILAL INDEX
OF L.XTIN NARIIiS.
Vincetoxicum
1
\'irs;i!ia
Wolffia
I 3"7
liirsutum
3 '^
liiica
2 2(1 (
Hriisiliensi>
.V'7
}iii;riiiii
lb
Viscaria
2 7
Columbiiina
.V'7
ol)li(inum
iS,
alpina
7
i'li'iidaiia
3 5')9
>Slii)itii
•9!
I'iu mil
ghidiata var.
.V"!
snliurosum
17
Jhivt'sceiis
I 535
papulifera
Wolffiella
5'"
VlOLACHAE
2 44.=;
leireshr
2 5SS
3 ,5i>l
Viola 2
4.(6-56
VlTACK.Ui
2 4„7
Floridana
500
aiiioeiia
451'
Vitis
.l,.s
Woodsia
I II
urinaria
45 1
aestivalis
4(«)
alpina
In
arvfiisis
455
" laiifsceiis
409
glabella
In
Atlantica
44"
arh.'ifd
412
liyperhorea
In
blanda
4.=i'>
Bailiyaua
411
Ilvensis
In
" /laliislri/iirmis 430
bii-olor
40.)
obliisa
I I
Canadinsis
a 453
hipiiiiiala
412
1 )regana
I 1
canina var.
45)
cimrta
4'«7
senpuliua
! 1
couiolor
456
cordi folia
,|lo
Woodwardia
I 20
cucullata 2 4.(7
3 52U
indiz'isa
4'2
aii:;iisti/iiliii
2n
delpliiiii/olia
2 447
I.abrusc.i
4.»s-9
areolata
2(1
douK'slica
3 519
palmata
410
Virgiuiea
20
LMuargrinata
520
iliiiiHIiicfolia
4>3
Wulfenia
3 "'5
liastata
2 452
rifai la
410
1 Si'ii/lii'iis ''
I^abradorica
454
rotundifolia
411
HiiUKlituniana
Kill
lanceolata
45'
rupi'stris
411
rubra
Hit)
Miilili-nheri^ii
4.=;4
I'iroiiiiaiia
411
Xanthium
3 2')-
vnilliiiiiilis
45)
vnlpina
10, \\\
Cauadeiise
2.).^
Nuttallii
452
I'lirkii!
rcliiiialiiiii
2(>S
obliqua
447
.see Agastache
3 S4-5
si>inosnm
207
odorata
449
aiiisala
''^S
stnimarium
2c kS
ovata
i.X'^
l'ol2'lllllS
Xanthorrhiza
2 54
palmata
446
s/>illiaiiiafiis
3 2b
apiifolia
55
palustris
45"
Waldsteinia
2 21S
siiiiplicissiiiui
55
pedatifida
447
fragarioides
2lS
XaiitliosDiiia
pedata
449
parviflora
3 516
sai;illae/olia
I 362
" hicolor
449
Washingtonia
2 5.i"-i
Xanthoxylum
2 353
prinnilacfolia
451
( Os>iiortlii:a)
Americanuni
35,1
pnboscens
2 452
Claytoui
,5.V>
Carolinian II III
35,1
reni folia
45"
divaricata
,S3"
ClavaUerculis
.V5,i
rostrata
455
longistylis
5,V>
Xerophyllum
I 4nl
rotundifolia
449
Weigela
3 2)2
aspliiideloides
401
sagittata
448
Willughbaea
3 313
seli/olinni
401
" emarginala
3 520
(Mikaiiiii)
Xiiiieiifsia
scabriuscula
2 453
scandens
3' 3
fiuiiioidcs
3 4,V>
Sclkirkii
45"
Ji'iiidsoria
Xolisma
2 51")
sororia
4_(S
siricia
I 1S5
( A II d ro III fifa in part )
striata
453
pallida
213
lignslrina
57"
teiiella
4.S5
Wistaria ( Wisteria)
Aytoslt'iiin
tricolor and var. 453
Jriitcscciis
2 2t)4
iiiTiilncralniii
3 242
verlicillala
456
macrostachys
3 517
ohionnifoliiiiii
240
villosa
447
speciosa
2 21)4
XVRIDACEAE
1 36S
555
Xytis I ;i,f)S,
Caroliniana 370
eniumunis 3()<)
ditf'iirinis 3'x)
elala 370
tlmbriata 370
tiexuosa 369
J II pa cat 370
inontana ,^(19
tnrta 370
Yucca I 4 21)
aiiniiili/iilia 427
baeeala 420
lllamentosa 427
glauea 427
Zannichellia i 79
palustris 80
Zapania
iiineil'iilia 3
Zephyrantlies i
.■\tamascu
/in Ilia 3
i^i andi/liira
Zizania i
aquatica
iiiiliaii'a
Zizaniopsis i
miliaeea
Zizia 2
aurea
liebbii
ei irdala
intiXerrinia
piniiatifida
Zomia 2
br.icteata
telraphylla
Zostera i
marina
Zygadenus i
elegans
glaberrimns
Klanciis
leiniantlioidcs
Nuttallii
veiieuosus
ZYGOI'HYLLACEAE
7,1
44.i
444
411
412
12S
1 28
128
127
128
.S.M
534
534
535
526
518
3' 2
3'3
y.\
82
82
404
4'>5
404
405
406
4"5
4"5
2 3.11
English Index, including Popular
Plant Names.
[The heavy face figures i, 2, 3 indicate the volume; those following them, the page. Names
in italics are additional popular names, not printed in the text, but referred lo the proper
plant by the number of the Illustration or Figure ^f ),]
Aarim's lUard
3 14^. < 1883
Aaron's Rod
2 I ('5, 3 14,? .y;
Abclc- I 490
Abel-trcc f 1164
Abroniit 1 597
Abscess-root, Am. i 2903
Absinth 3 \<ii,
Acacia 3 254
Hastaril, False 294
Illinois i 20,^0
Prairie 2 254
Rose ■^ 295, f 2122
Tliree-thorned 2 260
AcANTHis Family
3 201
Ache 2 5.;,?
Aconite Oi
Winter 5,?
Aconite Saxifrage 177
Actinonieris 3 4,u
Actinosperimuii 44,?
Adani-aiul-live I 4>i
Adam's-f;//) f ittoi
-flannel 3 14,^ f 3481
• needle I 427; 2 5^1
Adders-fern i i
-flower 2 14
-meat 22
-nioiilh I 475-6
Fogonia f 1114
Adiiei'sspear f i
Adder s-s/'it f 61
ADDKR'S TuNGl"E
Family i i
Adders-tongue
1 2, 420; 3 494
Kngehnann's 3 4114
Sand 404
Adder's-violet i 1132
Adders-tiort i 3056
Adelia 2 (;o3
Adenocaulon 3 404
Adonis-flo-cer i 1639
African rose i 1659
Agave I 445
Agoseris 3 277-.'^
Agrinionv 2 226-7
Water " 3 437
■ hark 12271
-grass, -root f 1023
-tree 2 97
Afjue-weed 2 615: 3 311
AiLANTiius Family
2 354
Ailanthus 335
Airif 3 220
Aise-wecd 2 339
Alien f 131
Alder i 512-13
Alder
American
f 1222
lierrv
2 406
Black
392, 406, fl22I, 1223
Common
f 1222
Dwarf 2 406,
f I.K78
False
f 2362
Green
f 1222
Spiked
f272,
spoiled
f 1879
Striped
f 2362
Tav; fi2i9.
I22I-2
H'liite f2V
2, 2771
11878
Witch
Alecoast, Alccosl
3 4.5f»
Alelioof
^7
Alexanders
2 51S
Golden
2 31S. f 26-0.
Heart-leaved
2690-1
2 535
Alfalfa
2 272
Alfilaria
2 344
Al filar ilia
f 2249
Alkali-grass
*977
Alkanet
f 3048
Bastard
3 63
Alkekengi
3 132
All-bone
2 22
Alleghany Fri Hi,
'•<'fl072
Alleghany Vine
2 1115
Alleluia 2 2
71. 545
A lli;ood
f 1 370
AllOieal 3 SS,
97. 243
Alligator-tree
2 195
-lion nets
f 153"
Allionia
1 5"5
Allison, 5ri ccl
f 17SS
While
f -775
Allocarva
3 51.
f 1362
Allseed
Allspice, Carolina 2 05
Wild
ON
Almond, Cutting
3 41"
Earth
f 559
Aloe- root
f 1023
Alpine Bistort
1 555
Alsike
2 27s
Althaea. Shrubb;
426
Alum-hloom
f 2239
Aluni-rcot 2 i
70, 341
Commo>i
i 1S45
Alyssnin
2 152
Hoarv
154
Sweet
15.?
Yellow
153
Amaranth Family
I 5S6
Amaranth 1 588-90
Duatf f 1408
Green i 1398-9
Amaranth
Red I i 1399 var.
Thor)iv t 1400
A.MARYLLis Family
I 443
Amber 2 433
Ambrose f 137'
Ambrosia, Tall 3 295
Amnianiiia 2 4^19
Ampelopsis 412
.Aniphiachyris 3 320
.\ini)hicarpon i 110
Amsonia 3 i
Amy-root 3 3
Anchusa. Amer. 13048
Andromeda 2 568-71
t.von's f277i
Privet 2 370
.\ndracline 3 518
Androsace 2 376
Androstephium i 416
Anemone. Canada 2 64
Carolina 62
Cut-leaved 63
False-rue 54
Long-fruited 63
Meado;i-riie i 1580
Jlountain 2 63
Northern 62
Prairie f 1581
Ricliardson's 2 64
Iionnd-leufcd i 1574
-headed f 1574
Rue 2 66
Snuill-Jio-.Lcrcd f 1570
Star i 2822
Tall 2 63
ll'ind-_/!o:icr i 1580
Hood f 1576
.1 iigel-eyes i 3393
Angelica 2 51 1-12
Hairy f 2637
Ifigh i 2636
Sea coast 2 320
.\ngelica-lree 306, f 2269
Angelico 2 319
Angel's-eyes 3 168
Angleberries 2 332
.•\ngle-pod 3 '7
Anise, Sweet i 2681
Anise-root f 2681
Aplianostephus 3 349
Apiastrum 2 527
Appalachian Tea
3 232 f 2359
Ai'i'Li; Family 2 232-45
Apple 2 236
Devil's i 1646, 3222
Hog 2 92
Honeysuckle 558
Jiidian f 1646
Apple
Love
Mad
3 137
13222
May
a 92
Mock
3 251
f 1259
Osage
Peru
f 3222
Prairie
3 284
Swamp
558
Thorn
3 139-40
White
1 2227
Wild Balsam 3 251
Apple of Peru 3 125
Ajiple of Sodom ns
Apple-pie (smell ) f 2568
Apple-root f 2321
April-fools fi58i
Arbor-vitae 1 58
Arbutus, Trailing 2 571
Archangel f 2636
Black 3 96
Green f 3168, 3173
Red or Sweet 3 94
White 95
Arctagrostis i 157
Arethusa 469
Argentina t 1934
Argentill 2 225
Arnica 3 471-2 f 3532
Arnica-bud ^ 3522
.\ristida 1 133-7
Arrow-arum i 362
Arrow-beam 2 395
Arrow-grass Family
j 1 82
Arrow-grass i S3, f 301
1 Arrow-head i 82-90
Arrow-leaf f 193-8
j Arrowroot Family
I 454
Arum F.vmily i 360
Arum I 362-3
Arrow- wood 2 406. 543;
3 230-1, f 2367
Indian 12712
Arsenic, Wild i 2735
Articlioke, Jerusalem
3 429
Asarabacca i 538-9
Asaruin 538-9
Ash 2 601, f 2.838
llaskct t 2843
Bitter f 2367
Black
3 602, f 23S0, 2840
Blue 2 600, 602, f 2839
Brown i 2843
Cane f2838
Carolina f284i
Flowering t 2845
Green 2 601
■:-".i; ri;.^ii,!>.;^j^. ■ .....v.,
R
age. Names
I the proper
3 137
f 3222
a 92
3 25'
1 1259
f 3222
a 284
558
139-40
1 2227
3 251
3 izs
135
)Sti9
a
iia
.1
3 471
./)»</
nun
ICillU
lalsnni
Peru
Sodom
(• (smell )f 2568
10/ i 2321
p/s i 158'
tae 1 58
Trailing 2 571
el f 2636
3 96
f .V68, 3173
r Sweet 3 94
95
1 157
469
f 1934
2 225
* 3S32
^3522
133-7
1 362
2 395
GRASS Family
I 82
trass I 83, f 301
lead I 82-90
■Ua/ i 193-8
• ROOT Family
I 454
Family i 360
I 1 362-3
kvood 2 406. 543 ;
3 230-1, f 2367
in f27i2
V, Wild i 2735
)ke, Jerusalem
3 429
acca I 538-9
II 538-9
2 601, * 2S38
■el t 2843
•r i 2367
k
8 603. f 23S0, 2840
2 600, 602, f 2839
■C'll
e
•jlina
vering
in
i 2843
f2838
f 2841
I2845
2 601
Voi<. III.] KNGLISH INDKX, INCLUDING PdPfLAR PLANT NAMES.
557
Ash
Hoop 2 fiiia, f I2S5
Afaple f 2380
Mountain 2 233
Ox 5(/«
Poison 2 ',SS, f 2,^45
Pof>, or Poppy 12841
Pnekly a 351
Red fxii
Rim <i25,s
Sea a 353
Southern Prickly 353
Sivamp {2839,2845
Wafer a 354
Water
2 (1(12, f 23S0, 2839
While
2 frji, f 2839, 2843
Vello:f 1 2046
Ash-weed 2 539
-wort 3 477
Asp, Afounlam 11170
Quaking i 1170
7F//;Vf fii64
Asparagus i 428
Aspen, American 492
Ureal f 1164
Asphodel I 399, 401
Hast:"' i^yt)
Bog I 401
False i 96b-7
Lancashire ^ 9<'9
Scottisli I 399
Ass- foot 3 469
Aster 3 354
Amethyst 367
Aromatic 366
Arrow-leaved 364
Jice-iceed ^3751
Bernhardi's 3 358
lltuc-lh-vil 13753
Blue Wood 3 363
Bog 375
Bushy 376
Calico 380
Clayton's 358
Cornel 392
Creeping 373
Crimson-disk 356
Crooked stem 368
Dense- flowered 381
Dewy-leaf 360
Dome-topped 359
Drummond's 3(^4
Early Purple 367
Eastern Silvery 572
Fall f 3753
Faxon's 3 378
Fendler's 372
File-blade 374
Flat-topped 392
Forking 358
Frost-weed 379
Great Northern 367
Hardy ^376°
Hair-stemmed 3 380
Hervey's 374
Heath, Rose 383
White 379
Large-flowered 372
-leaved 359
Late Purple 3O5
Leafy-bracted 371
Lilac-flowered 372
Lindley's 364
Long-leaved 371
Lowrie's 363
Low Rough 374
Low Showy 373
Many- rayed 362
Missouri 378
Mountain 376
Nebraska 375
New England 366
New York 370
A^ter
Nortliea'.t.-rii 3 3118
I'aiiicUd 377
Prairie 374, 3^1
I'riiiule's 379
Purple 3''5-7
ICarly 3(17
Late 3f),s
Sv.i?-iile 373
Thin leaved 3')f>
Purple-stem 3(17
Kavless 3X1
Red -stalk V17
Reil stein, Smooth 3f)8
Riee-l)iittnti \-t\
Rose Ilenlh 3 3S3
Rosemary 3'^o
RourIi 374
Rush 370
Salt inarsli, Annual
382
Perennial 382
Savory leaved 393
Schrtber's 359
Seaside, Purple 373
Short's 3^)2
Showy, Low 373
Silksfcd f 3733
Silky, Western 3 371
Silver 1 3*152
Silverv, Western
3 371
Kaslern 372
Sky-blue 3'>2
Slender 373
,Slini v<2
Small White 381
Smooth 369
Narrow-leaved 369
Soulliern 369
Smooth Red-stem 368
Spreading 3 36S
Starved 3S0
Stately 361
Stiff 303
Swamp, Southern 375
Tall White 377
Tansy 3.S4
Thinleaved Purple
3C/)
Tradescaiit's 37s
Tuber 373
Various-leaved
36'. 3'''5
Violet-leaf 3 361
Violet Wood 360
Viscid 3><4
W.ivy-lcaved 363
Western 370-1
White
Flat-top 3 392
Small 381
Tall 3-7
I'plaiid 376
' White Heath 379
White Prairie 381
White-topped 353-4
White Wood 3 357
White Wreath 381
Whorled 376
Willow 377
Wood
Conunon Blue 363
LouK-leaved 337
Violet 3()0
White 357
Asterworts 3 208
Astlnna-weed 260
Astilbe a 170
Ataniasco Lily i 4*4
Atriplex i 579-8o
Atint Jericho i 2636-7
Autuninal Hawkbit
I 3 266
Ave US 2 219-23
Aveus
Cream colored a 221
Prntipiiii; f 1940
JCiirly ll'ii/cr f 1943
Large leaved 2 221
Long plumed Jio
Rloiiutaiii 222-3
Purple 2 219
Rough 220
Spring 2311
Wat.r 2 219 f 19(3
White 220 f 1943
Vellow 2 221
Vellow Mountain 210
Awlwoit, Water 2 im
Axeseed 310
Axweed 539
Axewort 310
Ayegtitn f 1820
Azalea 2 53S-,j
Alpine 563
Clammy 339
Flame .s.vi
Hoary f 2744
Mountain 2 338
Pink, Purple, 35s
Smooth 339
Trailing 363
Tree, White, 539
Az<illa I 35
Bahics' breath
f 1021, 1464, 3409
•feel, -Iocs, -slippers
f 2288
Baccharis 3 393-4
liaehelor's Buttons
2 35"; 3 492, i 1614.
3513. 407''
Backache-biake i ,38
B.ackache-root 3 318
Back-wort 67
nacniitceed f nS9
liadaer f 1,381
liag-leaves fi8ii
liaked-apple, -berry,
i 1893
Baliia 3 448
Bald Cypress I ,s8
llaldmonev f 2869
Hald Rush 1 257-8
Haiders f 31)84
riale-iort f'lO^S
Hall Mustard {1734
Ballogan 3 263
Balloon Vine 2 403
Balm. Basil 3 102, 109
Bee. Aiuer, 102, 107
Calamint 109
Field 87, loS
Fragrant 102
Garden 107
Lemon 107
Low {3131
Moldavian f 3097
Of {3186
AVrf {3131
)'ellotc {2813
Balm-leaf 3 107
Balm-mint 3 107, f 3181
Balin-of-Gilead
I 491, f T16S
-Fir fi26
Balmouy 3 149
Balsam
2 403, f 126-7, 2337
Canada i 126
He i 122
Mountai f 127
Old-field 3 401
She f 127
Sweet, White, 3 401
Wild f 2,388-9
Balsam Apple 3 231
Balsam Fir i 57
Balsam-flowers 2 274
Balsam Poplar t Y)\
weed 3 )oi
Bainlmo, Kedlieri v
i i(i,ii9
Hamhoo Urier f 1054
Ha nana. False i 1.343
Bamberry 3 33-')
Hank-cress f i6<»i)
Banual 2 271
Hanuiirt i 3724
Harlnaii ' 4o7'>
Hartiary tig t 2327
Bariucrrv Family
2 8()
Barberry <f>
Holly-leaved f 1042
Bardaue 3 4S4
/>an;einan's Cabbage
t 1704
Barley 1 22S-9
Mouse, Way, Wild
* 532
Battonia 2 621
Bartsia, Alpine 3 1^3
Red 183
Base Vervain UiX
Basil 3 108-9, hi, f 3i,S5
Cow f 1467
Field, Stone, 3 108
Wild 3 108. 114,
f 3160, 3167
Basil-balm 3 102, hkj
-thyme 3 109, {3147
-weed 108
Hass f 623
Bass-wood 2 414, f i^.\3
White 2 414
)'ello:v {2411
Bastard
-Alkanet 3 63
• Boneset 310
■ Chinaroot i 10,36
-Cress f 1(184
-Elm i 1 255
■ Gentian i 28'x)
-Hellebore f 1120
-Hemp 3 1)2
■ Hoarliound {3115
-Jasmine f 3220
-Pennyroyal 3 78
■Pimpernel {2825
■ Rocket i 1703
-Toad-flax i .s.i'i
Bast-tree {2411
Hath-Jlozccr i 1046-7
Batter-dock 3 470, f 142
' Hattlejield-Jiozrer f 251 1
Bay 2 48, 96. 427
Dwarf 2 403
Hollv f 2441
Loblolly 2 427
North Carolina {1537
Red 2 vft
Rose 2 5(Jo-i, {256^1
Swamp 2 90
Sweet 48, f 1632
Tan 2 427
White 48, * 1652
Bayuekrv Family
I 487
Bayberry i 488, I 1 100
TalUnt' J 1 160
Bay bush -buds fii59
Bay Galls 11652
Beach Pea 2 330
Bead-ruby f 1034
Beak-sedge f 648-660
Beaked Rush i 277-80
Beam Tree 2 236
Bean, Blackeyed 340
China ,340
Indian 3 199-200
\ Smoking iM(>7
■ Water 2 43
i Wild Kidney 338
558
KNGI.ISII INIiI'X, INCI.lDlNi; IDITLAK I'LANT NAMUS. [Vol.. Ill-
Btaii (Willi)
Biiiii tac " 3 un)
Htiiiitii foil 2 (..'.>
Ik ;iii villi' t.v>
lililll wccil ,i Mil
Ui 111 lurry
lliiirliiiiir 3 ill, f i.vi^
lltiii CO) It 1 'At
■aidis f .'.(74
■li<iii;iii- i ici.'i)
lll■arll•^!Iil^'S I i|.S, iii|-.(
Bcaril-liiiigiiL- 3 i si -5
Cnbauii i.\i
CrcsUil 151
luixglovi' ',S-'
iMiiiiKlfurni 15?
Cray i.si
Hairy 151
llayilen's iss
I.arui' lluwin il 151
Lar^f Suiciolh 15 (
l'aU-l)lue 155
Sliarij-Uaviil 151
SUiiik-r i,s,i
Siiioulh 15.?
Wliiti; llowiriil 152
Beatiicd-joinl f 2O5
Bcar'sliillx iry 2 572
Hfiii's-fiinl i 1956
Vclluw 3 4115
Btar's-Kraiie 2 57.'
/iidi's-mi'ss i 1027
-paw root i ib
-lliread i 1027
111 iiinioiil-rool f 3299
Bcaver-///_(' i 1527
-I)i)isuii 2 5^1
■ )(H>1 i 1527
■tree 2 4.SS
■•iicdd t 1255
Bcikmannia i l^l
lifdeguai i 1973- 4
Bcd-fl(i\vi.r 3 219
Btd's-fool 3 loS-iio
Bed-slraw
Arkansas 3 22,?
Claytiiii's 224
Coa«t 220
Cum 22(1
Kragrant 223
Great llcdge 219
Hairy 221
Lady's 219
Marsh 3 224, 225
Northern 222
Purple 223
RdUKh 225
Shining 225
Sn.ali 224
Su.iinwestern 221
Sweet-scented 22,5
Threejlowered i 3420
Wall 3 219
White 219
Yellow 219
Bee-balm 3 102, 107
-tree i 241 i
B3ECH Family i 513
Beech, American 514
Blue I 506
Dutch fii64
Red, While, i 1225
Water i 506, f 1881
Beech-drops 3 197
Albany 2 554
Carolina s,s,s
False 556
Beech-fern i 19
■II heat i 1316
Bet .steak plant
3 i«ri, {3187 var
Beef-suet Tree 2 468
See's-iiest-plant i 2632
Hfcllchimi; f 27.'!
IkelU-weed 2 .SS)
llfeueed i .1752
J!te:,oit fSi^(
lienKars'-liee
3 55, 22«, I3S, f 2IN>
■liutlons 3 4>t
-neiiUe 2 5,(1
lie(igar- ticks
3 .'^s 1;,^, fi.)57. -'171
Swamp 4.(7 >>
/icX'K"'-" "''/*'3.V. '.Ii^
He hen 2 o
Jlclia, Low f 3SIK.I
//iKh 1 .i.S'i.i
Biliiio 3 i,v^
Hellhinil 25
Hillliiiie 2(1
liKi.i. J''i.ii\vi:k Family
3 -•5-'
lUlinower 3 2,s2-,s
Americ.in Kid 22
Arctic 2,S,i
liedstiaw 2,S(
Clustered 254
Creeping 254
Clasping 25(1
liunip.au 254
Marsh 2>i
I'aniclcd 2,S5
Round leaved 2,s,(
Slender 254
Tall 255
Hells f I5ji(
Hell t ice t 283s
/•el I- -ware i 183
Helhvort i 4ik;-iu
Afealy i 986
ISeiiJainin, Red i 1047
.S';i eet f 4006
iruite f 1048
Benjamin.': f 1016-49
Henjainin bush 2 9,h
He nil els f 420
lleniicit i 3724
lien licit He lb
f 1944-5, 1948
Bennet Pimpernel 2 ,S27
- ;/ 'eed i 336
Beul-grass
1 160; 3 502-3
Sea t 821
Henzoin-gum 2 98
Berbine 3 70
Bergamot 103
-herb, or -mint 3 119
Brail ie 13138
Bergia, Texas 2 43,s
Berlandiera 3 409-10
Berry alder 2 406
-tree i 1870
Besom 2 271, 573
Beth-Jio-vcr, -root,
i 1047-8
Betony 3 99
Head f 3335
Paul's
3 168; f 3171, 3293
Wild i 1949
Wood 3 99, 1 16, 186
Biberncl i 1963
Biddy's IJyes 2 455
Bigbloom i 1538
Bilberry
2 572; f 1985, 3.(43
Bot;- 1 2783
Dwarf 2 576
Great 576
Oval-leaved 577
Red i 2795
TaU 2 577
Thin-leaved 576
Bilsted 2 193
Binilwecd 3 22, 25-6
Black I 565
liiiidweed
lilac kill id I ( I. ,48
nine 3 137
Hniiled i 2o,si. 2053
CIniibini; i 13.1S
Coi n or /: I' i 134^
False ' 3 22
I'ringed Black i ,S'i,S
Gnat 3 2,s
Hedge 3 25, f 2'.tS2
Hoary 3 20
Knot 1 134.^
/,.!,•, < 2y,i.1
.Small 3 26
Trailinvt 25
r|)nght 3 26
IlIIKIl l''AMII.V I ,So<i
llireh 1 .soSMi
Alpine i 1210
AiiRiicaii I ,So.'<
Black 510, f 1213. I2i.(
Holeaii f 1212
/'V'.C <2,VM
Canoe I ,So<l
Cherry i 510, f 121 3
Dwarf I ,si I, f 1217-19
Glandular i ,Sio
Gray i ,sio, f 121 1, 1213
Low I 511
Mahogany i 1215
Mountain f 1215
Old Field fi2ii
I'ajier i ^1*)
Bin or Boverly f 1211
Red I 5(K)
River 509 f I2i,i
Running f 2711.S
Scrub I 510
Sili'cr i 1212, 1216
Spice fi2i5
Suainp i 121O
Sweet I 510, i 1213
ll'alcr i 1213, 1214
Western Red i ,So9
White 1 50S, f 1212
Yellow ,sio
Bird-brier f 1973
-bell i}hlf>
•seed 3 21X), 482, f 292
-r.Cfrf f 1337
Birdon-lhe-ifing i 2288
fiilhc-bush i 1663
Bird's-bread 2 166
■eye
3 168, 170, f 1494,
1639, 20S4, 2824
Red ' f 1456, 2240
White f 1475, 1477
Bird'sfoot Trefoil 2 280
Bird's-nest
2 5'"i 556, * 2642
Giant 2 ,S54
y'ellow i 2740
Bird's-nestplani i 3739
liird'spepper t 1687
Bird's-fongue
f 1337. 2S24
Birth-root i 435, f 1047-8
BlKTllVVORT FA.MILY
. , ' •''.■5"
Birthwort i 540
Upright ti282
Biscuit-leaves f 1054
Biscuits i 1802
Bishop weed 2 5^9
Mock 538
Bishop's-cap 2 180-1
•elder .S39
■ wig fi775
-wort 3 99
Bistort I 555
Bite-tongue f 1333
Bitter-a.sA f 2367
-bloom 2 610
-bush f 1234
Hitter clover f 2858
-bnltons 3 460
Hitler cress 3 128-130
lliltei grass f 1023
-herl) 2 607; 3 149
Hitler nut l (S.s, f II,S8
Hater i 1153
BilUrroot 3 2
Biltir sweet 3 137, 1 273(1
Cliniliiiig 2 396
F.ilse or .Shrubby .?9')
h'nier- 1 rr/ot I i 2SNi
-weeil 3 29,i, 339, .V)l
■ uorin I 28S9
Black .\lder2 392, f 3140
lilack-aniour i 136
Hlackberiy
2 202-5, i i><()6
Bailey's 3 204
Hristfy 204
Creeping i 1906
Higli Bush 2 202
Hispid 203
Knee-high 203
/.nw f 1901
Low Bush 3 204
Low Running 205
Millspaugh's 203
Mountain 202
Running Swamp 203
Sand 203
Blackberry Lily i 4,S3
Black-bur f 1948
Black ca])
3 201 f 136, 965, 1896
■ Dogicood f 2395
Black-eyed Susan
2 425; 3 416
l!lack-/lozcer i 9.S1
Hlack-grass 3 272
Black-head Grass i 965
Black gum 2 547
-haw 3 233, f 2830
■heart f 132"
-jacks 3 207
-laurel 1244'
■lime-tree i 241 1
-linn i 1541
-moss f 904
-root 3 171
-samp.son 420
-sanicle i 2624
Black-seed 2 272
-Snake-root
2 524, f 2666
■snaps f 2780
Blackthorn 3 250
Black Walnut i 483
Blackiveed i 140, 3593
Black-wheat 3 187
Black-wort 67
Bladder-campion 3 6
-ketmia 2 425
Blaudernut Family
2 396
Bladder-nut 2 396
Bladder-pod 2 135-8
BladderwoRT
Family z 1''<8
Bladderwort 3 189-193
Closed 3 190
Fibrous 192
Flat-leaved 192
Greater 191
Hidden-fruited 191
Horned 189
Humped 193
Lesser 192
Purple 191
Reversed 190
Rush 189
Swollen 190
Tiny 190
Two-flowered 193
Zig-zag 190
[Vol.. Ill-
■/• f 2858
3 460
i 3 12H-130
(t f 102,1
2 (.1.7; 3 149
I .|Ss, 1 1158
f 1153
} ^
13 1,17. 1 ^-.If"
: 2 .vj6
Slmibbv ,VjO
>t/ i 2S89
f 28Sg
r2,W2, f vt4i'
)6ir I 136
202-5, f iHc)6
3 21 >4
2l)i
■• f 1906
sll 3 2U2
21)3
203
901
204
205
203
202
203
205
4,'i3
948
136, 965. 1896
irf i 2395
I Susan
2 425; 3 416
■er f 981
B 2 2-2
( Grass f 965
2 ,S47
f
li :
uiiiiK
nil's
11
Swamp
■ Lily :
Vol. III.] I'iNGLISII INDl-X, INCMDINT. l'(HMI..M< I'l.ANT N.\MlvS.
559
3 233.
oot
2 524,
11
nut
f 2830
f 1327
3 2t'7
12441
f 241 1
*i54i
f9o4
3 "71
420
f 2624
2 272
f 2666
f 2780
3 250
1 483
■ i 140. 3593
at 3 187
^ • ^l
inipion 3
3 425
<ur Family
2 396
it 2 396
)d 2 135-8
VORT
'AMILY Z 188
irt 3 189-193
3 190
192
red 192
191
191
189
193
192
191
190
189
190
190
193
190
fruited
I
vered
ISl.-iukit U:il' 3 I 1 i
- flow I' I I SI
Bliivir 3 4(11, I i(>(Mi
llliiziiiK St:iv
> 4"-: 3 3i.'i-/ii'". ' !"-''
Bleiilifiiv 2 57(1
Bkcilinjrlii'.iit, Wilcl
2 !,,(
Bk-]iliili.i 3 i(.,T
HI 1)1(1 eyes i i(>sii <«)
Blink-* 2 4
Bli>U'rll(i\vi rs 2 s.
-plant \ 161 1
■ueeil f 11)15
-.■i (»;7 f 1(112
Blitf I 5>5, fi37ii
.St-M I s.s^-s
Slrinvberry i 57(1
Bloiiilk-af I ,=,ci3
■mot 2 idj
-staiuu'h 3 3<ii
lilooiisli ijiii;e f i5(;3
Bldodwuki Family
I 442
Bloodwoit
2 228, C07, 1 1-!I I
Mouse 3 2.H3
Striped 2,'<s
lilnody Warrior f 331"-^
BlooMifell 2 2,^1
lUooiiitni; Sally i 25(10
lilooinyjpuu f 1471
Blowball 3 271
Blue Beech 1 soo
nine Hell
i 1021, 15S4, 2t)(»3. 328s
Blue Hells 3 («i, fisfu
of .Si'olland 3 253
Blueb(iunc-t 3 491
-bottle 491, f H121
•buttons 24()
■caps 249, 491
•curls 78, S.S
-flasf _ 1 44,s-5o
•Gtnlian f 2S75, 31,72
•poppy ■ 3 4i)i
-tops 4g2
Blueberry 2 577, f 1641
Black 57S
/>'".?• f 2783
Canada 2 57,'^
Dwarf 5;-,s
Early f 2791
HiKh^bush 2 577
Low 579
Low Black 579
Low-busli 57,H
Mountain '570
rale sfo
Sugar 57.S
Swamp 577
Tall
.S77
Illiieberryrool i \h^T,
Blue-eye 3 168
JJlttf-eytd Babies 1 3393
■grass
I 453. f 1085, 3393
-Mary 3 156, f uvH,
liliie Devils f 305b
Blue-flag 1 44,S-5o
Slender tioNj
Blue-hearts 3 172
JiliiciDint i ixt)
Blue Mountain Tea 338
Blucpip,.- 2 fxio
■sailors 3 262
liluesiem f 373, 3056
BifT f2i9
Jiiisliy f 221, 224, note
Little f2i6
Blue tangles 2 574
-thistle 3 69
-weed 69
Bluets 3 212-13
Clustered 215
HnK' as]illoiUl I |cil
Hog bean 2 (.22
llogbcrrv 5.81
/!,n;hilt<erry f 2783
■III nil f 239 1
-till/) i 2NS(|
■myrtle f 2>So
-(//(/ f ^^Sil
milrll f S, S7(i
Bog Kusli 1 3^2
( Many In nil so
called)
J^iil>e f()5i
;/'(//,•;■ ffidi
/>'('.;'■-.(// .(.". berry f 1037
Hogwotl 2 sSi
Bokhara-clover 27;
Hi'lder f 623
Buk w.irt 2 53,s; 3 4112
Bolgan loaves 3 21)3
Koltonia 3^2-},
/niinipiirle's Crp:i n
i 2337
Boncflower 3 351)
Boneset 3 67. 31 1
Bastard 310
/tliif ',Vi3'
Climbing 3' 3"] 3
iJeerwovt 312
False 314-15
Puri>le 3 307
Resin 312
Spotted V'7
Tall 313
rpland 310
Bonewort 3 350
Hong.iy 2 400
Jloniuis f 1527
Alligator i 1530
Bonny Rabbits 3 147
Huor- or Horetree
f 3^33 var 2
/loots fl545
BoKAC.K Family 3 50
Borage 3 ()»
Bottle Brush
2 ,soi, f 77, 79, 541
llottle-giass 12074
Bouncing-bet 2 i8
Bouteloua i i,Sj
Itoiilry f 3433 var. 2
Houel-liiz'e ' f 1955
Bownian'sroot
2 19S, f 2321, 32019
Ho:i-:(ood i 1 251;
Box Family 2 3S4
JSox i 3403
Box, Flowering 2 580
Mountain f 2776
// VW Running i 3404
Box-berry 2 572; 3 2i5
■elder 2 400
■thorn 3 138
Boxwood 2 543, f 1985
/^i/.«' f27I2
Boys' Love 3 464, f 4(X)S
Hoys and Girls i i()6o
Brachyelytrum i 146
Brake, Braken i 28-so
llackaelie f 58
lluckborn T8
Knotty f 36
Lady f 61
Osmond t 8
j^Of* f 71-2
.^ovff/ f S
Suamp i 9
S7ceet f,36
Winter f 63
Bramble 2 200
Horse i 1973
/Irani i 1316
/>'rend-and-btitter
f 1054, 3236
I!refidro..t 2 -..^|, f i|
lireakstonc .-..=; f 1 im
llreast :, 1 ed f 1 1 |s
III eeelies flo:, , r f i(i( (»
llreeiiii s. Kitten f (((n
/.itlle/'oys f iiioo
Ilrcweria 3 21. 21
Urn k timber i j\i<\
/Iride's l.aees f 2(111
Brideweed 3 1 jft
liridi woit 2 22(
III ier
llird or ////> f 1973
/Irier /<ose f 1073
III ii;lit-eyi s i :-,,\i)},
llrintonroot f 32<|ii
Hroad leaf 3 21.0
llronie i 210 2|
/Irnaliie f5i7
Field 3 5./)
iVjr f5i4
Sliort-au III d f si>>
Soft f SM
irild f.sio
/irook-beaii f 28,^9
■//('."i r/' f 2()i)(i
-grass i 221
Brooklime 3 167, f 1721
Ilrook-niint 3 120
Brook Sunflower 436
Ilrookweed 2 5S7
Broom Clm'er f 2050
Base or Dyer's 2 271
Cirecn, Scotch, 2 271
Indigo 266
.Sweet 311
Thorn, Prickly 270
Yellow 266
/j'roont-brnsit i 244(1
Corn. U lid f 420
Broom Crowberry 2 3,S4
/Iroom-grass f 216. 220
BrihimkaI'L F\\.mily
3 "94
Broom-rape 3 105-6
Nakeil i 335.S
/Irooni-sedge i 216, 220
■ueed (3647
Brotherwort 3115
/iroiin /letty i 38f'5
Brown-eyed Susan
3 415, f 3,'<,-<5
Brownwort 3 S.s
Bruisewort
2 18: 3 (>~, 350, f i6r-7
Brunella 3 .'(.S
Brunnichia i .5(19
ISrusli i 3893
Btibby-bush ^1651
BucK-BEAN Family"
3 621
Buck-bean 622
Buckberry 2 5!So
^fCflfy f 2771
Buckbush i 3453-4
Buckeye F.\mily
2 4(X)
Buckeye
2 401-2, f 2382-4
Big, F'etid, 3 401 -
Large f 2^84
/,;■///« f 2385
Ohio 3 401
Purplish 401 1
Red 402
Sweet, Shrubby, 401 ;
Buckhorn Brake f 8 '
Buck's-beard 3 269
Buck's horn
2 113; 3 2(X), f 96
BucK^THORN Family
2 404
Buckthorn
3 250, 405, f 2394
Alder . 2 406, f 2294
Buckthorn
.\klcr kavcd 3 (i.(i
Carolina 2 .\iift, f 2.^29
Lance leaved 2 405
/'nrgini; f 2391
Southern 2 500
Woolly 500
HlCKWIlLAT I.'aMII.V
I 5|1
Buckwheat i ,553-4. .so*"
False I odd', t 1350
A'ongli f I ii7
Buffalo berry 2 407 ,S
■apple, -bean i 2125
■/);(/• f 3?l'i
■nut I ,5^7
-pea t 2125, 2205
-,i ffrf * ,il'l2
Bughane, .\mer, 2 57
F'alse 72
Bugle 3 7''
/litter I 3171
Brown 3 70
Bugle weed 3 1 id
/litler f 3171. 11 7 i
Sueet f3i6S
Bugle-wort 3 ii'J
Bugloss 207
Sea ,S9
Small (18
Small Wild 6r
Viper's 69
Bugseed i 582
/hiL'ueed 11388
Bullace 2 25.1
lliillberry f 253H
■ brier t 1056
Bulldogs 3 147
-Jlo:ver * 1545
■ ;;«/ f 1156
tliistle f 4067
/hillock' s-eye f 1820
IJiill's-evc i ,1988
Kniftisli f 3885
Bull'sfoot 3 .!(«)
/Inllpates i 387
/111 1 1 pot I f 387
//«// /(1///1? f 1443, 1455
/liill-segg i 136
Bull-ueed * 4077
Bullwort 2 538
Bulrush I 261, 2(^15-70
Bulwand 3 4(16
/lumblebee-root 1 1047
/lumelia i 2829
Bunchberry 2 541
Bunch- Evergreen i e)2
BUXCII-Fl.OWER
Family i 399
Bunch-flower i .(06-7
Bunch-grass
^ ^, f3>8.354,5,l''
Buffalo 1 501
Early 1441
Feather f 310
Great f 501
Bunch-Pink 2 20
-Plums f 2710
Bunk 3 262, f 2684
Bur 3 483
Buffalo I 3216
Button, Clot, 3 298
Canadian i 39'9
Creeping f 96
Ditch, Sea, Sheep,
3 29S
/?o^ 13919
Great 3 483
Sand 136
Small Sheep f 3021
Burchervil 2 528
-clover f 2066
Bur Marigold 3 436-8
BuR-REED Family
I 63
56o
ENGLISH INDEX, INCUDING I'Ol'ULAR PLANT NAMES. [Vol.. III.
Bur-reed i 6,^.).
FInalini; i 140, note
Btirthistle 3 2(^s
Burdock 3 298, 483-4
Prairie 3 41^8
Burliead 1 86; 3 220
BrR.M.wxiA Family
I -155
Burmannia i 456
Burnet 2 228
Burnet Rose 503
Burning Bush 394
Jluinl-zti'ed i 2566
Burnut, Ground 2 352
J>iirn-:ivoii Jlark f 2355
Burren Myrtle
2 572. f 1159
Bursecd 3 ,S4
Burslins-hcarl 12365
Burweed 3 297-8
Bush-Clover 2 322
Creeping 321
Hairy 324
Japan 325
Narrow-leaved 324
Nuttall's 322
Prairie 325
Round-lie.ided 324
Slender 323
Stuve's 323
Trailing 322
vVand-like 323
Bush-Honeysuckle
3 242
Tartarian 241
Bulcher's PHck-lree
f 2368, 2395
Butter-bur
3 470, f 4019-23
Butter-and-Uggs . 3 146
Ilullcr-cre.ises
i 1614-15, 1618
Buttercup
a 73-
See Crowfoot 2 77-82
Arctic 74
Bristly 80
Bulbous 80
liundle-rooted f 1621
Creeping 2 81
Early .^2
Fijtwort 85
Hairy 82
Harvey's 77
Hispid Si
Lapland 74
Macoun's 80
Mar.sh 81
Meadow 2 79, f 1545
Missouri 2 74
Northern 77
Nuttall's 85
Pigmy 76
Pursh's 73
Running ^19,35
Snow 2 76
Spotted-leaf f i6f8
Swamp 2 81
Tall 79
Tufted 82
Butter Daisy
i i'6i4-i5, 161S
Butter-flowers 3 80
Great f 1445
Bulter-prinl i 2430
Butterfly-dock 3 470
-pcii , 2 333
-weed 3 3-6
Butternut i 4S4, 13539
Butti-rweed
3 39i.4*^>. *243o
Butter wort 3 193-4
Button-ball 2 194
-bush 3 216
Button-Snakeroot
3 522; 3 315
Button-Snakeroot
Dense 3 31S
Dotted 310
Hairy 317
Laige 31;
Loose-flowered 3i>
Prairie 317
Slender ,517
Button-tree 3 2\h
Butloii-weed
3 21 7-21^, 492, f243 )
Butlon-wood 2 1^4
-Shrub 3 216
1> tizzies f 4057
Cabbage 2 1 1 s
Ilariii-nian's f 1704
Suainp fSM
Cabomba 2 41
Cactus Family 2 41J0
Cactus 2 461-4
Prickly Pear f 2527
Jiiissiaii i 1397
Tree f 253.',
Cadlock f 1701, 1707
Calabazilla 3 250
Calais, False 27S
Calamint 3 108-10,
f ]ibi. ^164
Field ^3147
Water f3i>'2
Calamint Balm 3 nx)
Calaraus-root i 364
Calatliian l^iolet i 2875
Calfkill 2 563
Calf-snout 3 '47
Calico bush 2 564
-wood S'*'"^
Calla, Wild f^s.
Calmus, I, N.J.) f 883
Calophanes 3 202
Caltrop Family
2 ;,5'
Caltrop, Greater 2 352
Land 352
Water soi
Caltrops 3 493
Calypso I 477
Camass, Death t 9711
Eastern i 101 S
Camel' s- foot f 111S9
Cantmork
* 2454, ,3983, 4051
Camomile, Arctic 3 459
Corn or Field 456
Dog's or Fetid 455
German 4,',i>
Garden or Low 4.^6
Ravless 460
Red f 1639
Scentless 3 459
Scotch or White 456
Wild 458-9
Yellow or O.x-eye 45S
Campion
Bladder 2 9
Meadow 14
Moss 8
Red 14
Red Alpine 7
Rose 1 6
Snouy f 1442
Starry 2 8
Western Wliite 9
White I.,
Canada-balsam 1 57
-pest f 2865
-potato 3 429
■ root f29»
-snake-root i 538
-tea f 2775
Canadian Bur f 3019
Canary Grass i 1.30-1
Southern f 291
Wild f 2C)l6
Canary-vine i 1672
Canby's Mountain
Lover 2 395
Cancer-dr'ips f .3364
■jalap f'1415
• root 3 195, 197
■ :reed f 3124. 3577
-wort 3 I4,s
Candlrherry fiujj
Candles. S:i amp f 2814
Caudle-tree 3 Hjc;
Calidlewick 3 143, f 13(1
Can doe k f 152S
Cane i 233, f 400
Afaii/en " f 225
S:t iteh f ,542
Cane-brake 1 233
Can-hoop f 2363
Canker-blooms 2 232
-lettuce 550
-root 2 5t, 594; 3 145
-rose 2 9<), 232
-weed 3 2S9, 4S2
-wort 271
Canna-ilouii f 63S
Canoe-iiond i 1542
Canterbury-bells 3 254
Cape Gooseberry 131
Dwarf 1 26
Capkk Family 2 154
Caper, Wild 377
Caper-bush 377
Capers t 1545
Capmint 3 io>)
Capon's-lail t i,s6;
-fi rass i 49S
Caraway 2 333
Wild 3 474-3
Car/)erry f 1870
Cardinal-flower 3 2,s8
Blue 23S
Careless i 1399
Carnation grass
I 3.V), f 71.V 742
Carpenter'-herl)
3 76. 8.S
-square i 3242
--.teed f 3098
Carpet-grass i 236
Carpet Wekd Family
1 ,S97
Carpet-weed 508
Carrion-flower 439
Carrot Family 2 50S
Carrot, Wild 310
Carrot weed 3 293
. Carvies 2 ,S33
Case-weed 139
Cashes sv
Cassandra, Dwarf ,S7o
Cassena ,s9i
Ever.sireen f 23,ss
Cassia, Duarf f 2033
Cassiope 2 563-6
Castor-bean 36."<
Castor-oil Plant 368
Catalpa 3 iqo
Hardy i 2368
j ll'eslern ^ .VI^S
Catawba 3 200, f 3367
Cat-berry i 1870, 2364
Catbrier i 440
Catchfly, Corn 3 51 4
Dover 2 i)
English 12
Forked 1 2
Garden f 14511
Limeuorl f 1450
i Lobcl's 2 II
Night-flowering 12
Nodding 9
! Nottingham 9
i Round-leaved 10
! Royal 10
Sleepy 11
I Small-flowered 1 2
Catchfly, Corn
Striate 3 514
Sweet William 2 1 1
Catch-weed
3 01, 220, f 3428
Catgut 2 292
Cat-locks f63«
Cat-mint, Catnep 3 8()
Cal-u'nnietails i 136
Cat-peas 2 326
Cattail F.vmily
I 62
Cat-tail 1 62-3
-tree 2 393
-whin 232
■ uhislles f8o
Cat's-clover 2>S)
-ear 3 265, 398, f 3574
•eye 168, 170
-faces 2 4,55
-foot 3 87, 398-9
■milk 2 379
-paws 3 398
-tail 2 502, f 77
Blue i 3056
Cedar I ,58-60, fl29, i,y
Carolina i 133
Fal<;e White f 129
Feather-leaf f 129
Ground f 2474
Post f 1,30
Indian i 1208
Red I (»}
Shrubby Red 60
Southern White ,59
Suamp f 1,30
White 1 ,s8
Celandine 2 103, f 1638
Greater 2 103
yinmk f238.S
Lesser 2 S5
ll'tld f 2388-9
Celandine Poppy 2 102
Celery, Wild ,s,33. i 2<kS
Water t 208, 1612
Celery -seed f 131 3
Cenizo f 1385
Centaury 2 607-8;
3 492. f 2287
American Red f 2.858
Corn 3 49'
European i 2852
Ground i 2284
Cercocarpus 2 223
Cereus 2 460-1
Chaerophyllum .529
Chadlock 119
Chaelopappa 3 351
Chafe-weed 395, 401-3
ChalT-seed '^ 3 181
ChalTwoed 2 593
Chain-fern i 20
Xetted i 43
Chair-maker's Rush
1 265
Chanlaesaracha 3 133-4
Charlock
2 lit), 121, f I7<«
Cheat I 222, f 522 1753
Pine f 1513
Checkerberry
2 572; 3 216
Cheese-rennet 3 219
Cheeses, Cheese-flower
2 416
Dog, Dutch. FaiiT 416
Cheese-bowl 2 99 i 16,58
Cheese-cake 2 416
Chenile 3 138
Cherry, Appalach. 2 250
Bird i 2022
Bessey's 2 251
Cabinet 253
Choke 252, f 202(5
// 'ester n f 2025
[Vor,. III.
)rn
3 5'4
Uiam 2 1 1
I, 22U, f 342S
2 292
f 6.^H
atiK-p 3 Wj
tiii!s f n6
2 326
AMILV
1 62
I 62-3
2^2
f8o
2!<<1
5, 398. f ^S7i
16H, 171)
2 455
3 S;, 39«-9
2 379
3 3q»
2 502 f 77
-60, fi29, 133
'((/(' I 129
lea/ f 1 29
t 2474
f no
f 1208
I 60
Red 60
1 White 59
f 130
1 58
2 103, f 163H
2 ii)^
f23SH
2 «5
f 238S-9
Poppy 2 102
ild SX''- f 2o,H
t 2i->S, 1 61 2
/ f i3>.?
2 607-8;
3 492, f 2287
r// A'C(/ f 2858
3 49'
f 2
■lliiiii
28S3
f 2284
2 223
2 461.)-!
529
119
3 351
395, 401-3
3 181
2 593
I 2»
f43
let's Rush
1 265
racha 3 133-4
19, 121, t 17C10
!22, f 522 1753
* 1513
■rry
2 572; 3 216
niiet 3 219
Cheese-flower
2 416
tch. Fairy 416
\vl 2 99 f 1658
ke 2 416
3 >3«
)palach. 2 250
f 20J2
i 2 251
253
f J026
f 2025
252,
Vol. III.] KNGLISn INDEX, INCLrOIXG I'OI'ULAR I'L.ANT NAJIK.S.
i6l
Cherry
L'ral)
Dwarf
liijriot
I' I re
Ciroiiiul
India II
lean
RIahaleb
Jlazanl
2 231
23' >
2,S"
f 2022
3 126-133
f 2394
2 231
252
251
rerruiued 2^2
PilftMiii iir Pill 232
Red i 20J2
Kuiii 2 233
Sand 230
Sour 231
Sweet 231
Wehtern Satul 231
Western Wild 233
ir/iisiri f 2026
Wild 2 251,
f 2024, 2u26. ?202
Wild niack 2 25^
Wild Red 232
Winter 3 132, f 23S7
Clieiiypie i 256s
Cherry-tomato 3 137
-wood 230
Chervil, Bur 2 32S
Garden 52S
Hemlock 511
Needle 331
RonSfh 311
Spreading 321)
.S.-i (■(■/ f2W|
Teinturier's 2 3^0
Wild 32S
Chess I 219, 221-4
Compact 3 300
Field 50I)
Suaoif) f 3011
Chehtnnt I 315
Water 2 50.1
Chickciibcrry
f 2;r5. 3 \"\
-fighters f 24 S J
Cliickeii's-loes f 1381)
Chickenweed
3 4^2, i I t75
duckweed,
Allbone 2 22
Alpine 27
Rlinkins 4
. damniy f \.\'^\
Cnmnion 2 21
Field 27
Forked 40
Germander 3 170
Grazvl f 1324
Great 2 22
Indian i S9'^
Ivy 317-
JatiRcd 2 28
Low 21
Marsh 21
Afeadou' f 1489
Jlouse-ear 2 25-2(1
Noddinif 21)
Red 593
Sea 3(1
SlKjrt-stalked "26
Silver 38
Slender-forked 40
Star f 1476
Slar-JJowercd i 2822
Starwort 2 28
Water 2 4, f 1472, 2340
Water, Mouse-ear
2 20
CiiiCdRV Fa.milv 3 261
Chicory 262 ;
Cliicot i 2043
Cliii;eer-:reed f 3984 ■
Childinsf Cudweed i
3 395 '
Cliilding Cudweed
• /'////• f 14(>8
■Su eeliraHain f i (on
Cliildrfii's-haue t 2094
Clnmney-/i/w<-j f \^iyt>
-sweeiJ^i 3 207, 1903
Cliiiui-r<H)l, Aiiirr. or
J'ahe i 1036
China tree. Wild 2 4^12
Chinks f 27-3
Cliini|uapin 1 313
Cl/in:i Olid i I ^5
Chiltam wood 2 3> ,
Chillini-u iind f 2S29
Chive Garlic i 412
Chives 412
Chloris 17S
Chi)iti/a/i;/jidii7ii i 11)40
Clioenlale-Jlou er i 2239
-root i 1940, 1943
Choke-berry 2 2 V)-7
-cherry 232
-doi;, I'lilsc i 2934
Choke-pear
2 234, fl<).^3-4
-vetch 3 193
Chowley 2 i^o
Chris- roiK' I 1549
Chrislmas Ez'er^ rern
^ ^99
-/tower f 1330
■rose i i34<)
Christmas green i 43
Christopher, Herb
2 3:;. f >, 1934
Chrysogonuni 3 409
Church-brooms 24s
ChurnstalT 2 371)
Cicely, Fool's 32(1
Kousih 311
Sweet ,330-31
Cwe/i-ri'n/ t 2081
CiiiiiaiHiiii-ic'od i 10S4
Cigii I -tree f 3 ^67- s
Indian if,iV"7
CiiKiiiefoil 2 200-1;
Arctic 211
liranched 214
liiisliy 213
Coast 214
Common i 1033
Cut leaved 2 21s
Diffuse 212
Downy 2i(i
]'"ivi-stainencd 212
Glandular 2cx)
Hoary 201)
I.ow 211
Nicollet's 213
Northern 209
Marsh 217
I'rairie 214
Purple 217
Rol)l)ins' 211
Roush 212
Rousih -fruited 210
Shrubby 213
Silvery 21 k)
Snowv 210
Tall ' 2.«,
Three -toothed 213
Wood 210
Woolly 21. i
Citronella 3 ■-!
0:'<V f cKi,;
Cladothrix l ,302
Clammy Honeysuckle \
* 2747
Clammy-weed 2 i57-s
Clamoun si>l
Clap war/ ^3VM
Clary. Wild Clary 3 loi
I'irrain 1 3121)
Claver-grass, (not Clo-
ver) 3 220, f 3412
Cla:;-r
f 20^4
Claytonia
2 3-4
Clayweed
3 4'>9
Cleareye
1 01
Clearweed
I 5,«
Cleats
3 4''9
Cleavers 3 219 22}
Dyer's 13124
see Bedstraw 3 219-20
Cleever-wort 3 220
Clematis 2 67-70
Addison Brown's 09
Cnrl-flo:,;-red i 1,3.^4
Dua'rf { i,3.s.s
I'reiiiont's 2 70
Marsh 68
Miiuntain 2 70, f 1392
Scott's 2 70
Silky (J9
Sim's 68
ll'horl-leazed f 1592
Cleome 2 135-0
P/ icily f 171)2
Cleomella 2 137
Cliff-brake i 29-30
CI i math 2 ,^.88
Climbinn Bittersweet
2 .10-.
Climbing False Hue!
wheat I 306
Cli-Mhing Fern F.\m-
II-Y I 7
Climbing-Fern 7
-funiilory 2 105
-hempweed 3 313
-sailor 144
Cling-rascal 220
Clintonia i 428-1)
Clock 3 207
Clois/ered Heart t 2876
Clot-bur 3 207-8. 4,s^
Sprin:j; f 33<>^
Clothiers' Brush 3 24s
Clotweed 207
Cloud-berry 2 2>kj. f iS()S
Cliifc-strif) i 2304
Clover 2 272-80
Alsatian 27.S
Alsike 27s
Beckwith's 277
Bokhara 273
Br.azilian 272
J! road leaved i 2073
Buffalo 2 278
Bur 2 273, f 2o<)6
Burgundy 2 272
Busli ■^21 -3
Cali/'ornia i 21/17
Carnation 2 276
Cabul 273
Calf i 2074
Carolina 2 270
Cat's 280
Chilian 272
Cou f 2076
Crimson 2 276
Dutch 279
Dusty f 2200
French i 2073
(7ianl f 2076
Hare's-foot 2 27(1
Hart's 274
Heart 273
Honeysuckle 276, 270
Ho]) 272. 273
Horned f 2063
Honey i 2068
Italian 2 276
Japan 323
King's "274
/.ady's f 2230
Least Hop 2 27s
Low Hop 273
Afaintnoth f 2076
Marsh f 2SS()
Clover
Meadow 2 276
Uld-field 276
/'ea-vtiie f 2076
Pin 2 344
/'luster i 2ii(x)
Prostrate Mountain
2 277
Prairie 2 2.'^9-9I
Purple 276
Pussy 276
Rabbit-foot 276
Red 276
Running Buffalo 278
.Slei'pin<>; f 22,30
Smaller Hop 2 275
Snail 272
Spotted 273
Stone 276
Swedisli 278
Sweet 273-4
Tree 273
White 279
Wild i 2203
Winter 3 216
Yellow 2 275
Zig-zag 277
Clover-hrooiii i 2030
Clown's All-heal 3 97
-heal 97
Cluu-Mo.ss F.\MIt.V
1 39
Club-moss I 40-43
/):iarf f 91)
Interrupted 193
Marsh i ip
/'rickly f 100
Saiin leaved 194
Tree-like 192
I 'prii^ht f 88
Club-rush 1 262-4
Cli.iirmaker's 265
Hidi;eho^- i 370
Oliver ' f628
Sea f 627
W'ood I 263. f 629
Club-weed 3 492
Cluckies f 1339
Clump head i;rass f 636
Cluster-herries f 27()5
Coakum f 1413
Cocash 3 367
-:c<(-d 14047
Cock-head 3 97
Click 1 1- f 1407
Cockle-bur
3 2. 18, 4^4. f 1957
Sea i 36(K)
Cockle-button 3 48^
Cocks 207
Cockseotiil). Ixid f 1399
}'ello:c 1 3,VV)
Cocksfoot £457, "1361
Cock-soriet f 1 301
Ciico-:;rass f 337
Cod-head 3 149
Codlings and Cream
2 482
Coe-jrrass i 926
Cohosh 2 33-6
/Hack f 1554
Blue 2 ()i, f 1353
/>'''./ f I3,S4
irhile f 13,33
Coffee, Magdad 2 230
Negro 259
Wild 3 234
Coffee-bean, Am, i 2043
ColTee-nut 2 261
-plant f 2379
-senna 2 2,31)
-tree, Kentucky 2 261
Co/ote, Chili t 3483
Ci'leseed 2 119. 11704
C"lewort, Hare's 3272
562
ENGLISH INDEX, INCLUDING rOPL'LAR PLANT NAMES. [Vor,. III.
Colic-mot
I 425-6; 3 3"5, 3"f*.
f K.dS, 1277
-■need f }b(]<.)-jii. i()74
-n 11/7 f I95,S
Collard 3 473, f SSi
Colliiisia 3 156
Common's F/ouer
f mH6
CoUoiiiia 3 42
Colt-herb 4(k)
Coltsfuot 3 4'").
f 1277, I54,s, 2S04
False f 1 277
Swffl 3 4(19-470
Colt's-tail ,W
ColiinibiiR' 2 5S
Fealliered f U'M
CoUiiiitio, Anier. 2 (119
Coma f 2S29
Coiiiandra I 5.V>-7
Comli {Dak.) {3896
Comb-Jliiu If f 3')oo
Comfrey 3 67
Middle 76
Saracen's ^4051
Wild 3 54
Coiiipass-i)laiit 3 40.^
Cone-flower
lirillianl f 3S87
Britten's 3 4"i
ClaspinK-leaved 418
Flat-headed 417
Gray-headed 41 S
Green-headed 417
LonK-headed 419
Oranpe 416
Prairie 419
Purple 420
Short-rayed 419
Showy 417
Sp.itulate-k-af 417
Sweet 415
Tall 417
Thin-leaved 415
Conf;oroot i 2099
Conifers 1 49-5,^
Coiiobea 3 iji)
Conquei-John 1 10,^9
Concjuerors 2 400
Consound i ,^05,^
King's i 1502
Cons II mptio n-zi eed
f 2f 26
Conlinciilal-lea i 2742
Conrtilston-ueed or
-1(10/ t 27^9
Coo/u red f 1 2fkS
Coolwort 2 17S
Coon-ri'o/ f 1665
Cooperia i 444
Copal' balsam 2 193
Copalni 193
Coral-and-Prai / f 1554
Coral-berry 3 236
Cora/ Ercrgrrcn f 96
Coral-root " i 478-1)
Crested 4,'<i
Small, Late, f 1140
Wister's 478
Cord-grass i 175-6
Fresh-'caler 1401
Coreopsis, Golden f 3927
Cork-elm 1" 524
Corkscrew-plant f 1127
Cork-wood Family
I 489'
Cork-wood 489
Coru-campion 2 7
-bind 3 26, f 1 348 ,
-binks 491 \
-blue-bottle 3 491 i
-bottle 491 I
-centaury 491
-cockle 2 7 1
Corn
-flowir
■grass
-gromwell
■kale
-lily
-Mayweed
-poppy
■pink
■root
-rose
-salad
-spurry
Cornel
3, 491
f -'57
3 "3
2 IKi
3 2(1
459
2 IK)
f '4.5'^
f 11.65
2 7. '19
3 -M5-7
2 .V'
3 54,V6
Altc-rnate-lcaved .s^C
Bailey's 545
Khietierry f 2714
Dwarf 2 543
Lapland ii'w
Low 2 543
Northern Dwarf 543
Panickd 545, f 2710
Ked-osier 2 5)5
Kongli-leaved 544
Round-leaved 544
Silky 544
Stiff 546
iWixbcrry f 2717
White f 2712, 271S
Cornelian Tree 2 543
Coi nstalk-uetd f 134
Coronilla 2 3111
Copper-lea/ f 2726
Corpse-plant 2 335
Corydalis 2 ios-7
Golden f 1678
/In/c f i()73
}'ello-u' i 1674
Cost 3 458
Costniary 3 438
CotlHRers 171
Cotton, Wild
i 2S</i, 2914
Cotton-grass j 2-1-',
Hares-tail T638
Cotton -gum 2 347
-rose 3 395
■ riis/i, -grass i 271-3
-see<t ti ee i 3834
-tiee i 1172
-weed
3 398, 4cxn, f 2430
Cottonwood I 491-3,
f 1168, 24)3
flig f 1172
Black I 491, fii66
Ri-cer f 1168
Swamp f 1168
Wllhr.o f 1166
}■(//()* f 1172
Couch-grass i 226
Jllaek i 336
False 3 507
Coiigli-root 11048
Coiiglmeed ^4047
Conghwort 3 4C9
Cowbane 2 513
Spotted 536
Cou-ttasil '1467
Cowbell 2 9
Cowberry 217, 580, f34o4
Cow-cress 2 11 1
-grass 277, f 1337,207s
-herb 2 18
•lily 4^. f "545
•parsnip 2 514
-plant f 2750
.(/«aXff f455, 1513
-rattle f 1455
•tongue f 1029
-wheat 3 188
Cowslip
a 5I1 * '034. '621, 2388
American
2 594> f 1545
Cowslip
Spring i 1545
Virginia 3 60
Couslops fl545
Cows-lungwort 3 143
-tail 391
-wort 185
Cowthwort 93
Crab .■\pple 2 234-5
Fragrant f 1979
/ou (I i 1980
Soiilliern f 1978
//7/1/ f 1978-9
Cra/)-grass i 1337. 1389
Little 3 496, f 241a
Sprmitiiig f 273
Cral>- slock " i 1982
Cr.ab Tree
2 235. * 1978. 1982
Cracki r-berry i 2710
Ci ackers f 2780
Crain i 1629
Crake-berry 2 383
•needles 531
Cramherry f 2799, s8oo
Cranibling Rocket
2 159
Cramp-hark i 3435
Cranberry
2 580-S2, f 2799
High-Bush 3 229
L/og f 2343, 2776
A/a rsli I 2799, 2800
Mountain 2 582, f 2776
AV'f* f 2795
upland, Wild 12776
Cranberry-tree 3 229-30
Crane--u'illo:e * 3403
Crane' sherry i 2799
Crane's-bill 2 341-4
Bicknell's 343
Carolina 342
Culver-foot 344
Cut-leaved 343
Dove's-foot 344
Long-stalked 342
Pigeon-foot 344
Round-leaved 342
Siberian 341
Small-flowered 343
Spotted 341
Starlights 344
Wild 341
Crap f 1 316
Clashes i 1721
Cra:ilci'-root f 1140
Cra:y-L'el i 1545
Crazy-weed
Colorado 2 309
Stemless 309
Woolly 298
Creek-grass f 146
Creek-stuff f 402
Lo-a' f405
Uplmnd f4oi
Creek-thatch I 176
Cieepi r
f 2410, 2951, 3487
Creeping-Charlie
3 87, f 1813
-Jennie 2 589,
f 96. 98, 1816, 3487
-Afitcliella f 3404
Creeping Snowberry
2 581
■htir fgi
Cress (see Peppergjrass)
2 110-12
Alpine 2 130
American f 1711
Hank t 1696, 171 1
Bastard 2 114, f 1684
Belle-Isle 2 122
Bermuda f 1711
Bitter 1 122, 128-30
Cress
lirtKin i 1721
Bulbous 2 131
Cow 1 1 1
Curved-fruited 126
Dock 3 262
Early Winter 3 122
Field III
Garden 1 13
Goldeu 113
Hoary 1 1 1
Lamb's i 1725
Land f 1711, r/25
Mouse-ear 3 146
Penny 114
Purple 130
River i 1723
Rock 3 147-50
Rocket 122
Round-fruited 125
Sessile-flowered 126
Spring i 1733
Swine's 3 113
Thale 146
Touer i 1781
Town 2 112
Wall 146
Wart 2 HI, 113
Water 1 24- 1 27
Winter 122
■\'ellow 122-24, f 1713
(see Watercress)
2 124-127
Crested Dwarf Iris i 451
Crinkle-root 2 132
Cristatella, James' 156
CroCHsCa.C.) f2774
Prairie, Wild, i 1581
Croneberry i 2799
Crop-weed 3 492
Cross, Herb-of-the 70
Cross-of-Jerusalem
2 14
Cross toes i 2084.
Cross Vine 3 198, f 3366
Crosszceed i 1705-6
Crosswort a 588, 3 311
Croton 2 362-3
Lindheimer's 3 518
Crotonopsis 2 364
Croiiperhush f 3403
Cruwhekry Family
} .S83
Crowberry 383-4, t 2776
Jtroriii i 2344
Plymouth i 2344
Crozfd-ueed
f 1684, 1703
Crow-flower 2 14
Croweoot Family
2 50
Crowfoot 2 77-82,
f 92, 98, 1545,
. . 1574- I735. 2239
Biting f 1612
Hrisilv i 1616
Celery-leaved 2 yt^
Corn 83
Cursed t 1612
Ditch 2 79
Diiarf i 1600
Hooked 3 79
Ivy-le«ved 84
Kidney-leaved 78
Marsh f 1612
Mountain 3 78 (1604
Musk 3 243
Prairie 3 77
Rock 78
Rough * 1613
Rough-fruited f 1606
Seaside 3 86
Small-flowered 82
Smooth f 1609
Spiny-fruited a 83
M if)
f 1721
2 IJt
III
d 126
3 262
3 122
III
113
113
III
f 1725
ni, 1725
2 146
114
130
* 172.?
2 147-50
122
d 125
red 126
i 173.1
2 115
146
f 1781
2 112
146
III, 113
1 24- 1 27
122
!4, * 1713
ess)
2 124-127
Iris I 45'
2 l.i2
362-5
'9 3 518
2 36+
^3403
''AMILY
23S3
;-4. I 277&
i 2.U4
t2344
1684, 1703
2 14
\Mn,Y
2 50
2 77-82,
2, 98. '545,
1735. 2239
f 1612
f 1616
;d 2 79
1 I6I2
2 79
I 1600
ved 78
f 1612
1 78 fi6o4
3 243
2 77
. 78
f 1613
f/cti i 1606
2 86
;red 82
f 1609
ad a 83
"^T'PS^B^^
Vol.. 111.] ENGLIvSH INDEX, IN'CHDING I'OPl'LAR PL.VXT NAMES.
563
Crnwfuot
Water 2 73, 84
Wood 3 243
See Buttercup 2 7385
Crowiibcard 3 429
tiolden 430
Small Yellow 430
Sunflower 430
White 429
Crown-of tlie-field 2 7
Crow-needles 531
Crow's-nest 510
Crow-pea 2 329. 383
■poisdii f 973
Crowtoes 2 280, f 1735
Cfti:r-i'i,/tlti/s f 3095
Cryptanthe 3 57
Crvs/(i!:,oi-t f 1,578
Ctickli-httr f 3600
Ctici/i s f 3944
Cuckold 3 4,17
-dock 484
Cuckoo- /'«(/j- fi('i5
•button 3 484
-flower 2 14, 12.8,
f 1455,22.50
-f; ill if! oner f I4,s8
■f;>-ass f 965
■sfii/ f 1724
Cuckoo's-nieat 2 345
Cucumber, liur 3 252
Creeping 250
.Star 252
iriiu
f "576, 34''^7. 3480
Cucumber-root 1 435
•tree 2 47-8,
f 1537. 1539, 1542
Cudweed
Dwarf 3 402
Low 402
Marsh 402
Mountain 398, 402
Norwegian 3 403
Purplish 403
Western Marsh 402
Winged 401
Wood 403
Culver-foot 2 344
-H'or/ f 1561
Culver's Physic 3 171
-root 171
Ciiphea, Clammy 2 473
Cuf>iil's-iiilis:lil f25ii
Ciipid's-floiti)- i 2943
Cup-plaut 3 406
Cupseed 2 93
Curdwort 3 219
Cii ile-u -bcrrv I 2343
Curloil; '1703, 1707
Curlv-Rrass i 7
Cuth H.ml i 1588
Currant, liUick 2 190-1
BulTalo 192
Clo-'c i 1877
Petid 2 190
Flu we ring i 1877
Golden 2 192
Indian 3 236
Missouri 2 192
Northern Black 190
Red 191
Skunk f 1872
Squaw 3 191
White-flowered 191
Wild Black 191
Curranlleaf f 1848
Cushion Pink 2 8
CUSTAKU-APIM.E P'AM-
ILY 2 49
Ciislard-apf>lc i 154,1
Cut-heal 3 245
Cut-paper 11260
Cuttinff Almond 3 411
Cyclanthera 251
Cycloloma i ,577
Cymoptftus 2 517
Cyuosciadiuui 521
Cyperus 1 2,u
Awned 237
Baldwin's 2)6
Brown 239
Coarse 242
Coast 237
lilegant 237
Kngelmann's 243
Flat 238
C.lobiise 245
Gray's 246
Hale's 21 1
Hall's 240
Houffhton's 246
I.auca::ter 244
I.ow 2?6
Marsh 238
Michaux's 242
Nuttall's 236
Pine-barren 245
Ked-rooted 241
Reflexed 244
Rough 244
Koundront f 557
Schweinilz's I 238
Sheathid 239
Shining 236
Short pointed 239
Slender 245
Straw-colored 243
Toothed 240
■V'ellow I 235, 241
Cynthia 3 263
Cypress i 58, f i 2..., 2337
Bald I ,s8
Helvederc f 1387
lllacl;. Red, Suamp.
Sou/lierii, l'iri;iiita
or llliite ' f 128
Ji'room, i 13S7
//eal/i f94
Shmding t 29S5, note
Summer f i 187
Cypress-moss fri4
Cypress-vine 3 22, f 1672
Cvpress-griiss f 544
CVRii.i.A Family 2 ^89
Cystoptcris i 12-13
Daddy-nuts f 2411
Dagger-flower 3 .^84
Daggers f 290, 1077
Dasies (Ohio) ^\\y Aster
l>aisy 3 350, f.i8i"5, 3820
Arctic 3 457
Big, or Bull 457
lllue ^3513
Blue Spring 3 ,^8S
llroun I 1885
Butter
3457, f 1614-15. idiS
Chikling 3 350
I>OK 457
European 3,50
Field f 31)88
Garden, March, 3 350
Horse 457
Irish S71
Michaelmas 37S, f.?76o
(and Aslers gener-
ally)
Midsummer 3 457
Moon, or Maudlin 457
Nigger i 3885
Ox-eye, Poor-laud 457
Purple 3 365
Western 350
White 457
Yellow 416
Daffy-doun dilly i 10^7
' Dakota Potato f 2227
Dalibarda 2 205
Damask Violet 154
Dame's giUitlower
2 154
rocket, -violet 154
Dandelion 3 271. f 3550
Jilue f.1513
Dwarf 3 264
Knlse 3 278-9. * 3516
Fall or Dog 266. f 3522
//I I'll f 3,571
Red-seeded 3 271
Danes' lilood 2,54
Daneleberry 2 574, {2796
Daphne 2 465
Darnel i 225
Dartna 3 513, f 1276a
Date Plum 2 597
Pay l^erry f 1870
Day-flower i 375-6
-lily I 411
Dead-Men 's lloiiesiT,2Tf,
Dead-nettle
3 92, 94-5. 97
Hemp 3 92
Henbit 94
Death Caniiiss * 979
Decumaria
2 185
Deerberrv
2 572, 580
3 216
f 27SS
Seedy
Deer-food
f 1526
-gr.ass
2 474
-liair
f6ii
Deerlaurcl
f 2750
-:'/«(•
f 34,50
-:cood
f 1208
Deer's-tongue
3 319, f
012-13
Veil's spoons i I
42, 18.S
Devil's-apple fi646,3222
-bit I 402, 3 318, f Q72
-hile f 984, ,^642
-<7(;:i.t
f 1625
-darning-needl
2 ^},i.
'f 1,582
-rig
f 1663
-Jlax
f 3236
-limbers f 1 1;
I, 20S4
■ /louir
f :4,56
-grandmother
3 305
-i;rass f 2:
9. .3531
-grip
* '425
-guts i 15
3. 2963
■liead-in-a-busli f 2437
-hair
f 1582
-hop-vine
f 1054
■iron-weed
.,, 3 274
* 3.'>39
-milk i
2332-3
-paint-brush
3 284
-pitcliforks
f 3944
-plague
f 26^2
-rattle-box
f '443
-root
3196
I 2117
-shoestrings
-tether
f 1348
-tongue i
2527-8
-trumpet
f 3222
■ :i alkina-stit k
f 2272
-ueed
f 3539
Dewberry 2 204-5, {1897
Dew-cup
2 225
Dewdrop
f icj(i7
Dew-plant
2 161-2
De Witt's Snakeroot
3 290
Dewtry
139
Diapedium
205
I)l.\l'i:.\siA Fam
ILY
2582
Diapensia
583
Dichondra
3 20
Dichromena
I 2.56-7
Dieksonia, Hairy f 22
Dill
2 525
Dillwecd
3 455
Dindle 272
Diplachne i 186
Dish cloth f 1047
Dish-mustard f 1692
Dispornm i 431-2
Dilaxis 2 ,^64-5
Ditch bur 3 20.^
-grass ^17'
-moss I 93
Dittany, .■\mer. 3 116
Mountain * 3167
Dock I 548-51
Baiter 3 4711, f 142
Bitter 1 552
Bloody 551
Jllunt-leaird i 1313
Broad-leaved i 552
Butter 3 470, f 1313
Butterfly 3 470
Can i 1528
Clustered i 551
Cuckold 3 484
Curled i 551
Dove 3 469
Hlf 404
Fiddle i 552
Flea 3 470
Golden i 552
tlreat Water 550
Kettle 3 482
Mullen 143
Narro-w i 1309
Pale I 549, f 1305
Patience I ,S5o
Peach-leaved 549
Prairie 3 408, 411
Red-veined i 551
Sharp i i^ot
Smaller Green i 551
Sour 548,
f 1299, 1309, 1315
Swamp I 549
Tall ,549
Veined 548
Velvet 3 141
Water i 550, f 882
Western i 550
White 549
Willow-l«aved 549
Winged i 1302
)'ello-a' i 1309
Dock-cress, Succory
3 262
Dockmakie 230
DouDER Family 3 27
Dodder 27-31
American i 2967
Beaked 3 3i>
Button-bush 29
Clover 28
Compact 31
Cuspidate ^o
Field 28
Flax 27
Glomerate 31
Gronovius' 30
Hazel 29
Lesser 28
Love-vine f 29.58
Lucerne f 2957
Pretty 3 29
Sm<art-weed 28
Thyme 28
DoGDANE Family
3 I
Dogbane
/litter i 2895
ClBsping-leaved 3 3
St. Johns 12897
Spreading 3 2
Velvet 3
Dogberry
2 188, 233, f 1029
-tree a 2,36, f 2717
Dog-bur f 3019-20
564
KNGI.ISH INDI'X, INCI,ri)INO I'OlTLAR I'LAXT NAMIiS.
ti
DoK-feiinel 3 307, 455
False 453
DoK-finkle 3 455
-,Q-rass f 86S
-laurel ^ 2764
-lilv f 1527
-VII III l3'4'J
-plum i Kiiu
-poison 2 520
-rose 252
-/('« f 3H48
\)of,'s-diHiiei I 2474
-moulli 3 147
-parsley 2 520
-rib 3 207
-tonRue 3 53, 310
I)o(j's-toolh Vi')let t 420
i'elln:r flol2
ll'/itli^ f 1013
liDGWixii) Family
2 542
Dogwood 2 543-6.
f 1985, 2368, 2712,
272), 3434
(See Cornel 2 543-6)
Aldei-leavcd i 2713
Aincrifan i2-\2
JUack f 2395
Jlliie i 2720
European i 2368
False 2 399
riorida i2-\2
Flowering: 2 543
Green Osier {2713
Poison 2 3S8
Pond 3 216
Purple 12720
Red Osier 2 545
Striped 399
Swamp 2 354, 3S8, 544
While 3 229
U'liile-fruilid 12718
Vollar-lraf 12726
Dolphiiifiouer f 1562
])oi)r-;'^;fli5, -weed I 561
Double-claw 3 201
-leaf f 1 1 29
-iDOtli 3 437
Dove-dock 3 469
Diive'sfoot 2 344
Doivn-hillof-IJfi-
f 2S15
Douii Liiif!; i 641
Down-weed 3 395
Draba, see Whillow-
grass 2 140-4
r>raf;oii
Jlrou II f >~6
Feiiialeor ll'a/er fiif^o
Dragon-head
3 87-8, f 309S
False 3 89
Dragon-root i 361
Dragon's Hlood 2 341
-da us i 1140. 1142
-mouth 3 147, f 1119
-toiif;iie f 2735
Drake f 395
Pre:, f 1S3
Droopiuf; Avens f 1940
Drop flower 3 288
-seed £320-331
DropsyplanI £3144
Dropwort, Water
2 5'3. f 2'''39
M'eslern f iS<*8
Priiviliead<: i 2276
Drunk £522
Orunkards i 1545, 2775
Dryas 2 222-23
Duck-acorn f 1534
Duckreller f 984
Ducks t 1089-92
Puck's-foot 2 225, f 1646
Duck's meat f 888
DrcK\vi;i:D Family
1 3' 15
Duckweed I 305-7
Least 3 5.H)
Pointed 510
Dulichium i 2(7
Diimiiiy-u red i 4019
Dupatya I 373
Dupoiitia 2u9
Duscle 3 134
nnsly-clovcr f -'jon
■huiband i 1775
Dusty Miller 3 405
Dulcli-bcech f 1 104
•y/'" firS3
Dutchtnan's breeches
2 IU4
• pipe I 54.1, r 2739
Dulch-niorgau 3 ^57
Dye-leai'e:; f 2350, 283.)
Dyei's broom 2 271
'cleavers 13423-1
-(ireen weed 2 271
-mignonette 15s
■rocket 15>-
■weed
2 15"-; 3 "il4, ^."/"U
-whin 2 271
Dye-weed 271
Pyseulery-rool, -u-eed
< ,V123
Ear-jc:, el i 23S8
learning grass 3 194
Karth-.)/H/(>«i/ i ^S^)
-apple 3 429
-club 197
-gall 2 607, f <)S4
-smoke f ii>"<o
Easier-bell i 1477
-Jhr.er f 15S1
-//7r f io()2
ICatoiiia i 192-3
ICuoNY Family 2 590
Eclipta 3 413
liel-grass i 8 2, 93
lireen f 1620
Egg plant 3 235
liggsand liacon 140
Eglantine 2 232
Egriot 251
Eleven-o' clock- l.iid y
f 11119
Elder 3 22>-ii
American 22^
Bishop's 2 539
]!ox 400
Common £3452
Dwarf 2 539, f 2(.2c)
Horse 3 404
JIarsh 3 229, 292-4
Jlountain 22^
Poison 2 3SS, f 3455
Prickly f 2929
/?<'■/ f 3435
Red-berried 3 22^
Rose 22u
Sweet 228
Water 229
Wild 2 507
Elder-berry 3 22.S
-blow 22S
Eldin 470
Elecampane 404
Elephant's foot 304-5
■trunk 201
Eleclioiiposies f 331^
Elfdock 3 404
Elk -bark '153^
-Hul i 1270
Elktree 2 571
-wood 48
EUer f 1 223
IClm Family i 523
Elm 1 524-6
American i 524
Elm
/loslard i i 25^
ClilT I 524
Cork 52 1, f 1252
Corky ll'lii/e f 1251
False I 526
Hickory 524
Indian f 1 253
Moose or Ked I 525
Kaceiiied £1251
Rock
I 524. fl25o, 1253
Slippery I 525
.v.. eel { 1 253
Swamp : 524, f 1250
\Vat<r
I 524, 526, f 1252
White I 524
Winged 525
;/ i/c/i f 1 252
Elsholtzia 3 124
Elyna I 2S4
Enchanter 's-Niglit
shade 2 4i|()-5oii
Enchanter's-])lant3 70
Enjelmaniiia 410
Enslen's I'iiic £2929
E(4uisetuni i 39
luagrc'Stis i l\s
Capillary is,s
Clustered 191
Creeping 192
Frank's 188
Hair-like 191
Low 189
Meadow 191
Prairie , p
Purple u)o
Pursh's i,-<9
Short-stalked 190
Strong-scented 180
Tufted 188
Eiiocarpum 3 328-9
ICrigeron
Arctic 3 3S5
Hoary 3.^7
Hyssop-leaved 387
Low 3S6
Kough 3S5
Three-nerved 586
Tufted 386
Eriogonum i 542-*)
Allen's 543
Annual 544
Hranclied 545
Cris])-Uaved 544
Few flowered 545
James' 543
Long-leaved 543
Long-rooted 546
Narrow leaved 546
Nodding 546
Slender 544
Winged 542
Yellow 545
I^ryngo 2 522-3
ilaler f 2'i6o
Erysimum 2 151-2
Eulophus 528
Eurotia, American
I '«!
Eustoma 2 612
Ei'ans'-rool f 194.1
Evening Lychnis 2 13
F^'EMN'C. Pkimkiisi;
Family 2 475
F;vening-Primrose
Common 2 4S6
Cut-leaved 4SS
Duaif or Golden-
Jtoztrrcd t 2591
Oakes' 2 486
Prairie 488
Rhombic 487
Seaside 487
NAM lis. [Vol. IIL
Eveiiingl'rimrosi
Sinuate leaved
2 487
Small-tlowered
485
U'/iil. Slirnby
f 258(1
White stemniec
2 489
lA-eiiiiig Trumpet
I'lower
2 605
Evrrfern
. *7.
E.ver^reen
f 181 1
Christmas
f C)()
Trail ini;
fag
Everlasting
3 397, f >^'
. 183.1
Alpine
3 ,398
Carpatlii.in
397
Clammy
401
Heller's
401
Early
3'W
Large flowered
400
Life ;,
)o, 401
Fragr.mt,. Sweet, 401 |
Low
4.«)
Moor
2'-^'
Mountain
39«
Mouse-eai
.3<W
Pearly 400,
f 3848
Plantain leat
3 3')9
Spring
3',H)
Everlasting-.i,''>(/.rs
I 239
-pea 2 330,
f 22I()
Sea-side
2 330
Eve's Darning-needle \
f 1027
Eve's-lhread
iifya
Evolvulus
3 2.
Ewe-gowan
3.=io
I'yebright 3 168,
182-3
f 1803, 273<i
2824,
,«93. 35'!"^ 1
Eyeseed
I 3129
Eyeu oil ^3326. note
Ere-balm.or -root f 1544
I'abes, I'apcs
f 1870
Fair Maid of Fra
nee
3 454
Fairy-bi lis
'7'
-circit
fi3i
-creipcr
f 1672
-cup
11848
-lingers, glove
3 171
-grass
f45.S
-smoke
I 2739
-thimbles, weec
3 '7'
Iniiries' Horse
48 2
Faitour's-grass
2 ,580
Fall Dandelion
3 2fiO
-llower
3'"'
False-ii/i/f;-
f2362
-aloe
I 445
-banana
11545
ncech-drops
2 556
-bindweed
3 22
-bittersweet
2 396
-boneset 3
314-15
-bo.\\ box:,ood
1 2712
•buckwheat
I 560,
f 1350
-bugbane
2 72
•Calais
3278
f 2934
-C/iokc-dof-
-Coifs- fool
f .277
-Couch-grass
3 507
-Dandelion
279
-Dog-fennel
453
-Dragon-head
89
-elm
1 526
-flax
2 i,V); 3 S'.'i'
I1684
-foxglove 3 173-4 1
-garlic
I 4'5
•Goat'sbeard
2 170
-Golden-rod
3 349
-grape
2 4>3
-gromwell
366-7
-heather
2 441
»■
nirosc
aVL'd
2 487
•eied
4^5
II hy
f 2,S8()
iiiiK-d
2 489
iinpet
2 60,5
f/i
f 1811
(
f().)
f89
f iSil
. i''<33
3 yf^
11
307
401
41 II
3W
V ere el
+ «)
*'
vi, 401
t,, Sweet, 401
41 K)
3'»«
3'>'<
I
3>)<>
400,
f ,iV4«
eat
3 3<»
, 399
-,i;r,is.s
f 239
2 3,?".
f 22iy
e
2 330
ingncedle
I 1027
d
f r/W
3 21
3.SO
3 168,
1S2-3
, 273'^f
2824,
M'-ii: 35'*^
'312')
13326, note
r-toD/f 1544
cs
f 1870
jf France
3 4S4
f 131
fi672
f 1848
glnve
3 171
MS.S
f 2739
!, weed 3 171
)rse
4S2
rass
2 7,Ao
lion
3 2G>
. 3''<i
f 2362
I 445
*I543
rops
2 556
d
3 22
eet
2 396
3
3l4-'5
':roo<f
f 2712
eat
I 566,
f "35°
2 72
'1.Q-
3 278
f2934
10/
i 1277
rass
3 507
on
279
nel
453
head
89
I 526
2 170
3 340
2 4>3
3 66-7
2 441
Vol. III.] ENGLISH INDEX, INCLUDING rOPULAR PLANT NAMES.
565
I'alse
-liellebore I 40.8, f().84
Fern
False Indiyo
2 286
nine
2 265
D:-a>/
f 21112
Fragrant
2 2S6
ir/ii/e
f 20,S4
)'cllo-uish
f 20S2
Fiihe fohnsii art
i 2463
■leliiice
f 3543
-lily-of-tlitvalley
I 431
-loosestrife
2 V,(\
f 2,^s8
■niahofrany
f 1652
False mallow 2 4211-1
■ niallou .V
f 2427
Falsi-; Mekmaiij
Fam
II.Y
2 :,85
False-niermaid
3«5
-Milrewiirt
178
-iiiiislaid
f 17c/,
■ nettle
I 534
-Oat
171
-Pennyroyal
3 77
-Pimperiicl
i'>,V4
-Rufc-ancnione
2 5t
-Saiiule
f 1848
■Saisa/>ai ilia
f 21)28
Solomon s-sea I
I
1031 -2
-sunflower 3 4
12, 45"
■S:ire/-fia_Q-
f.n77
-sycamore
f l.SSI
-valerian
3 4^0
-Varntsti-tree
f 2272
- u Ilea 1
f ,524
■ u itileiffrern
f 2726
Fanie-flower
2 1
Fancy
4,S5
J'uieucl/ Suiiimer
f ,(8oo I
F'arkleberry 2 ,s8ii !
J'armer's A'liiii f I,S13
/■'ill Hi It f 1359, 1370, ■
■379!
I'avheny f 1870 ;
Ffiiherrv i 18711 '
Fcatlierfew 3 4^8 \
Featlierfdil 2 ,s,><()
Feather-Geranium |
I 574 !
-/,'iinc/if^rass f 3111 1
.,i;rass 'f 311. 3S4. 417:
-/<'i7/( Indian) i 12() i
■ uffd f ,(8,ii
Felon-grass 2 51.S 1
-herb 3 283, 466 (
-weed
4.82 1
-wort 3 137,
f 2643
Felwort
2 614
Feltwort
3 143
Fenberry
2 ,S8|
Fennel
525
Dtig
3 3"7
Hogs
2 515
Water
382
Fi.RN Families
" '-.\5
Fern
Adder's
f 1, 71
-spear
f 1
■spit
f6i
-tongue i 2
3 494
Jlackaclie, -bin
liv f i8
llaskel
f,3"
lieech
I 19
Coiinnon
f,39
Hexagon
f 411
madder, lUilile f 24
Mountain
f2,5
Hot lie
f24
llrake, Bracken
t 28- ,30
liristle. Rooting i 6
Ilriltle
'3
Iluckhorn ( llrake) i 8
Chain (Xittid) 1 20
Christmas 14
-Shield f 27 I
Cinnamon i ,s
Clayton's 6
ClilT-brake 29-,^!
Clayton's f6j
Climbing I 7
Com moil Wood
f37, Var, i
Cristid I 33
Creeping i 1,5
Cup Goldilocks i 1 1
Curly-,ijrass i 7
Cystopteris i 12-13
l)icksonia,Hairyi 22
Dickson's f 22
Ditch f H
Diiddcrgrass f ,S9
Eagle f6i
Eriifi rii f 6 1
Kverferii i -jx
Female f 30, 61
riddle-heads f 9
I'ine-hairi d f 22
Flo-cer-cup i 17
Flowering i 8
Clayton's f 10
Interrupted f 10
Gdldie's 1 17
Golden Polypody f 71
Golden Locks f 71
Grape i 2-4:3 494
Hitchcock's f 2
Rattlesnake f 7
Hair f6ii
Hare's-foot f 11
Hartford 1 7
H.irt's Tongue 21
Hay-scented 12
Hog-brake f 61
H<illy I 14-15, 1 27
Indian's Dream 164
"Indicator" (V'a. )f 7
A7«,ir f .H
Knotty-brake i 36
Lady i 26
Ladv Ilracken f 61
Ladv's-liair {59
Lip' 1 3''-3'
Clothed f67
(/ ■<■/).'>)' f 6c(
Maiden-hair i 27, f ,S9
American f 611
JUack. "True," f 59
English f 50
Golden f 7 1
»■////(■ f53
Maidenhair Spleen-
wort I 24
Male I 1 7
.UaleShiild f ^6
Marsh f ,30
.Ifeailow f 1 159, 1162
.'ifooii f 3
Moonwort i 3; 3 |iil
Common i 3
Heinlock-Uaved f 7
iT/<i.!.5 f 71
New York 1 i.i
t)ak I U), f III
Osmond the- Water-
man f8
Ostrich I 9
Polypody I 32-3
Golden i 71
Pale Mountain i 41
Hoary, Scaly,
Tree, 1 72
Tender Three-
branched 141
Prickly toothed f 37
/iroad f 37 Var, 2
Fern
(_'«/// f ■^o
A'alltesnake i 7
A'r!,--*!/ f 8
Rock 1 60
Kdckbrake
I 28, f 71, 72
Rough Alpine f 26
Koy,il I ,=i
Royal-Osmond f8
A'"e f 3?
Sea-ueed 144
Sensitive 1 9
Shield (or /rccKi')
I I,s-i8, f 27
Hroad Prieklv-
toolhed f 37 var. 2
Crested i 16
F'ragrant 16
Afaiginal {35
Male I 17
Massachusetts 16
Marsh 1=;
Prickly f28
/'rickly-loothiit f 37
Spinulose 1 i-i
Shrub/iy f 1 162
.Snake ' * ^, 4t
.SnakiS toiigui f 2
Spleenwort i 22-26
Hradley's 26
Coininon Wall t 511
Di, arf f ,so, ,S3
Hbony i 23
Green 24
Utile Ebony f 48
Maiden-hair i 24
Mountain 25
Narrow leaved 24
I'innatifid 22
Rock (.S"»/'in///> 25
Scott's, Small 23
Silvery 26
S: fa nip f r>'J
Wall Rue 1 2,s
.Stone, S/oiie Rue f ,S3
Slonebiake f 71
Su It f ,>o
.S:,amp f 30
Sweet I 489
Su eel-brake {36
Tent-.eort f,si
r;f,' f s
Veuus'hair l 27
Walking 21
Walkiiii^-lea/ f45
Wall ' f7i
W,ill Rue I 2,s
Wa/ei fs
Water-:: ort f ,sci
irtiile-oak {24
Wilson's i 2.»i
ll'iiiilsiir i 13
ll'iiiUr Hrake f 63
Wood I 17, f ,V-3S, 71
C'lnmon f 37 var.
Evergreen i 17
Goldie's f ,34
Woodsia I in-ii
jVorlliern f 17
AlTl't f 16
Fern bush f i 162
-gale i il,S9, 1162
Fescue I 216-iS; 3 ,sn,i-6
hetid Shrnh f 1 343
Felter-bush 2 ,^hS^
Fetticus 3 24,T
Fever bush 2 c)8, 392
Feverfew 3 4,s8, f 19,S7
American 3 4 1 ■
Common 458
b'ever-planl f 2,^79
Fever root 3 234
-twig 2 306
-•ieed f 3303, 3o<)i
Fever-wort 3 234
Fiddle grass 2 482
-heads i i)
Field-balm 3 87
-pine '2473
-Bortel I ,S47
Fightini >cks f 24S7
FldWIlRl ifAMILV3 142
Figwort, Hare 149
Maryland 14S
Fil.igo 3 3i>,5
Filbert I 12119
Fii.Mv-i-nRX Family
I 6
Fiinbristylis i 259-60
Finger-Atvvir t i.S().8
-grass I 111, 3 4i|fj
Finkel 2 525
F. jHu I 159
Eir 57
Amer. Silver i 126
ISalm-of-Gilead f 126
Balsam 1 ,=i7
Fir-pine or -/;ff f 1 26
I'ir Rape i 27.10
Virv-biills i 14,S7
-grass 2 22,5
-leaves 3 207
-Pink 2 10
-top f 2566
-weed 2 4,^1; 3 139,
3 207, 274, ,391, 473
I'lsh-mouth I 3244
-poison f 2(85
-uood i 2365
/■'it-root plant f 27,^9
Five-finger 2 216, f 2110
Dwarf 3 515
.Uars/i '1937
Afouiitain f 1933
Fnr-Sisters f 2813
Flag I 364, 4-18-51
("<"'« f 1 07 7
I!lue I 4)"'-,5o
/■'alfc Sueet f uiyj
Jfyrtle f s.sj
-\'arro:f f 1074.
Red-brown i 450
Slender /Hue i loSo
Sweet I 364
.Suited f 1077
Water f 10619
i'ellou- Water f 11177
/■'lai^-lily f 11169
/■'lagoiis i IC177
I'lagroid t ,SS3
Poison f 1074
Flamy 2 455
Flannel-leaf 3 143
FUt-lop ,vi2
Flaveria 444
Flax Family 2 348
Fla.x 2 ,34'^-55i
Cathartic 351
Cultivated f 22:8
/Vr';/'.r f 326
Dwarf, Fairy 2 ^,51
/'I'/f// f 1 753
F-atse
2 139. 3 515, f 1684
Florida Yellow 2 3,50
Ciroo\ed Yellow 350
Large flowered 351
Lewis' Wild 319
Mountain 351, .V""
Prairie ^2259
Purging 2 351
Ridged Yellow 350
Slender ,?49
Spurge f 2534
Stiff Yellow 2 349
Wild 132,36, 3927
Yellow 2 349-51
l'lax-/a// f"i,(6
-weed 3 146, f 1766
¥
565
KXGLISH INDKX, INCH'DIN'(; POPULAR PLANT NAMES. [Vol. IIL
Fleabane
Hilter, or lilue 3 ,VP
Canada VH
Paisy 3 ;>S^. .^-^'i
" Western 3 ^Su
r>:.a>:/ 1,5^28
Karly .^tjo
Marsli 1</'-7
Pliiladtlpliia 3 '^^
KunnitiK .s'^r
Small ,V),i
Spreading ^ss
Tlireenerved -,^n
Flea:,eiul, Horse f 3050
Flcaworl 3 im
Marsh 4M
Fkur-'lelis i 447, 450
Klixwi'ed 2 141, I 171/)
Floatini? Huart 2 (r.'2-5
J'loia>iior t 1399
Flora's HainI llrii.h
f 35''U
Florida Muss r. ,74
Flmver-di'litce 447
Fill-.: fr-<;riille i 1399
Flower-of-atiHour
-of -Gold; (any .Vc//-
Fluellin 3 16S
Female 1 15
Sharp-pointed 145
Flux-root f 2900
-•deed f3"73
Fly-honeysuckle
3 240-J
Garden f 3467
Fly-poison 1 403
-/'(j/> f 1801. 2S95
Foal-foot 3 4')!)
Foam-flo:, er f 1842
FoK- fruit 3 7.',
Folk's-srlove 171
F'ool's Parsley 2 52 1
Forefather' s-aip f 1801
Forget-me-not
3 01, 16S, f 3042
Smaller 3 62
White f ^029-^2
;/V/,/ ' f339l
Fothergilla 2 luj
FolR-o'CLlICK FaIIII.V
Four-n'ilock f 2579
Four. toes * ,1848
Fox-berry 2 572; 3 210
-feet f 88
-:;eranium i 2240
Foxglove
3 171, f 1801, 3366
False 3 173-4
Louse:, or/ ^.1555
Mullen 3 172
Purple 171
} 'e/lou- f 3304
Fox-grape 2 408, 411
-tail
I 126, 148-9, f C(f)
Floa/im; f 337
Freiieh-^rass f 2100
■ Pinks f 1471, 4076
Duarf i 1450
Fringe
Anieiican i 2845
Mountain 2 105
While ^2845
/f'Dorf f 1672
FrinneCup i 1S48
Fringe-tree 2 603
American i 2845
Fringed-Gentian 3 613
Fringed-Orchis i 494-6
Greenish f iiio
Pink f 1112
Ragned f 1109
Fritillaria i 419 j
Froelichia i S02-3
Frosfruit 1 30<')6
■arass I 926. I3>>9
-/^rt/' f 1526
■plant f isii
•;c'o;7 f 1615
Frog's-bit i 94
-hiadtli rjnoulhi 181 1
Frost -hi lie i 13^9
Frost flowers (any
Aster)
'.'.fed 2 439-40
. 'V Aster
Fro^t^.-oi' 2 440. f Kii.i
Fro-t. 1 brings- tlu-,
(Indian name of the
Astei)
Fuirena I 274
Fuller's-herl) 2 iS
■teasel 3 248
Fumitory, liulbous
3 24,5
Climbing 2 loi
Hedge loS
FurzL' 2 270
l-'ustie-liei' fioio
Fu::v-!ru::y i s^^x
Gad rise f.^lVi
(iaertneria 3 2,6-7
t >agroot 260
Gaillardia 451-2
(iaiter-tree 3 229, f 23»»
Galax, (ralaxy 2 ,=.,S)
Gile, Fern f il,S9
Sweet or Scotch i 4'^7
Galingale i 234, f 543-4
Edible f 559
t.tink f 56.5
Galinsoga 3 442
Galll'erry t 2359
Gall-of-the-Earth 3 3Ni)
Gallon 470
Gall ueed f 2871
-:.ort f,52,!6
(7(1 //i f 1 179
Garden-gate 2 455
-f'la^ue f 27. p2
Gardener' s-eye f 1462
-delii;h/ f 1462
Garcet i .5114
Garlic i 412-15
Chive 412
Crow. Field i 413
False 415
Hedge 2 ii.s
Sleadow i 414
Jfush f 9<).^
Wild I 413. ^9>t7
Garlic-mustard 2 ii.s
-:,ort t 1695
Gariiel-I'erry i 1875
Gaskins f 1870. 2021
Gatteii 3 229, f 2,Vi8
Gatteridge f 2,^68
Gaura 2 4<)'i->>
Gay feather 3 317-18
Gay-wings 2 3(11
Gein-frutt f 1.S42
Gensoii i 344s
Gentian Famii.'. 2 6156
Gentian 2 01 2-618
JIarrel t 2876
/,':istard f 2.<69
lilind 3 616
///«(• f 2875. <o72
Pottle f 2876
Clo-ied 2 616
Downy 615
Elliott's 61 (1
Fire-flohered 12871
Four-parted 2 614
Fringed 613
Horse 3 234
Marsh f 2875, 2880:
Gi'Mtian
Narrow-leaved 2 617
Northern (114
Oblong-leaved '11,5
One-flowered 61S
Red-Stemmed 617
Rough f 2S75
Smaller Fringed 2 614
Snake 3 280
So.ipwort 2 (116
Spurred 620
stiir 615
Strau-eolored f 288,1
Striped 2 oiS
Swollen M-\
)'illo:>' f 2^84
Vellowish 2 017
Gentleman's Catief 1335
Gkk.vnu-m Family 340
Geranium 2 341-4
See Crane's-bill
Feather i 574
J-'o.v. Il'ild f 2240
Afountain f 2240
Turnpike I 574
Wood f 224I1
Gerardia 3 175-8
.\uricled 178
liessey's 177
Jlushy f3,V',i
Cut-leaved 3 17S
Flax-leaved 17,5
Large Purple 176
Rough Purple 175
Salt-marsh 176
Sea-side 176
Skinner's 177
Slender 177
Small-flowered 176
German(ler,Amer. 3 76
Hairy 77
Germander Chickweed
3 '70
Ghost-flower 2 ,s55
Giant Hyssop 3 84-5
Gibbals 209
Gilia 3 ,38-40
Cypress i 29S5 note
Gill. Gill-ale 3 87
Gill-go-by-the-Ground
3 87
Gilloverthe-Ground
3 S7
Gilliflowcr
Cuckoo f 145S
Dame's 2 154
Afarsh f 14.58
Afock i 1466
Night-scented 2 151
(jueen's. Rogue's 154
Sea 595
W'inter 154
Gill-ri.n f 3095
Gilt-cups { 1615
Ginger 3 469. fi8i3. 1816
Gil I'll f 4010
Indian i 1277
Southern Wild i 127.^
Wild
I 5.38; 3 5'3. f '2-^3
Ginger-plant 3 4'i<J
■ root 14019
GiN.SENd F.VMILY 2 505
Ginseng 507
/)'/«(■ f 1643
Horse 3 234
Gipsy-flower 3 .53
-herb iis
-rose 249
■ :,eed f 3168. 3290
-wort 3 118, f 3170-1
Gipsy-Combs 3 248
Girasole 429
Glas.swort I ,'582-3
fainted f 1389
Glasswort
Prickly f n96
Glenn^pepper { 1684
-:,eed f 1684
Glideunrl f 3107
Globe-flower
2 52; 3 216
Spreading 11548
.S'.-i amfi i 1548
Globe-mallow
Maple leaved 2 423
Sharp-fruiteil 3 519
Glcileii 3 422
Glory-less 243
Goat's-beard 2 197
Dwarf 3 264
I'alse 2 170
Virginia 3 263
Yellow, Purple. 26<j
Goat foot 2 5,^9
Goat's-rue 292-3
Go<l's-eye 3 168
Gogi;Us I 1870
Ciold 3 422
Gold a nd -si i ver-pla n t
i 1740
Gold-halls i 1618
Gold-chain 2 166
Gold-cups 80
-knops f 1614, 1618
-thread 2 ,154
■:ceid f 1625
Gold-ofpleasure 2 139
Golden Alexanders
2 518, f 2670. 26<JO-I
Golden Aster 3 322-5
Cottony 323
( "irass-leaved 322
Hairy 324
Hispid 325
Maryland 323
Nuttall's 325
Prairie 324
Sickle-leaved 323
Still -leaved 324
Golden-bush 326
-club I 364
-coreof>sis ^,3927
-corydalis2 106, fi678
■cup i 1629
-currant s 192
■llo:, ei, Ground
t ,3653
■guineas f 1629
-Jerusalem 3 416
■knops t 1614-15, 1618
-lueadow-parsnip
2 .534
-motherwort 3 403
-moss 2 i()6
■oak f 3307
Gol<leni)ert 3 162
Golden Ragwort 480
Golden Rod 3 3,30-49
Alpine 3,57
Anise-scented 338
/leach f 361^)
lilue-stenimed 3 332
Hog 336
liroa<l leaved ,^32
I'loott's 340
Hushy 347
Canada '3.44
Curtis' 333
Cut-leaved ^42
Double f.?7o8
Downy 3335
Downy Ragged 332
Druinmond'.s ,^45
Dwarf ' I ^709
Early 3 34'
Elliotts 340
Elm-leaved 340
European 337
False ,^49
;
M
[Vol,. III.
./.,•;■
f i.^o6
f 16H4
f 1684
"fr
^=7,
favcd
riiited
ird
Purple,
< >54H
3 519
3 422
24,5
2 197
3 264
2 170
3 26.1
269
2 5,W
292-3
3 1(58
f 1870
3 422
siivei -pliDil
f 1740
^t f 1618
in 2 166
80
f 1614, 1618
} 54
f 1625
ileasure 2 139
Alexanders
i, t 2670. 26<>)-I
Vster 3 322-5
caved
ind
b
-leavL'd
.•aved
bush
t'sis
323
322
324
325
323
325
324
323
324
326
} 364
alls 2 106, fi678
f 1629
ut s 192
I , OlVUHlf
< 3653
fas f 1629
alem 3 416
r f 1614-15, 1618
owpar.snip
2 534
crwort 3 403
2 i()6
f 3.W
3 "'2
480
3 3.30-49
^^7
f 36.>)
3 332
336
lert
KaKWOrt
Rod
e
■scented
itenimed
■leaved
la
•aved
/e
ly
ly Ratrged
uiond's
/ •
t's
eaved
)eau
332
340
347
344
333
. ■'»2
f 3708
3 3,35
332
345
I 37<J9
3 341
340
340
337
349
?*SSF»T
Vol. III.] KNGLISII INDEX, INCLUDING POPULAR PL.-VNT N.\MES.
567
Golden Rod
I'ew-rayed 3 341
l-'ield 344
Flat lop f 37 IS
I'rafrraiit 3 347
Clattinger's 343
•■-ray 344
diciind I3709var.
Hairy 3 ^,^^
Hard -leaved 34,s
Hij^h f,37ii.s
Houprliton's 3 3';
Large-leaved -,3 1
Late 342
Lindlieiraer's 355
Miiiarei ^ },^^'^
Missouri 3 .34?
Mountain 354
Nob'e 3i6
Northern, Ohio, 34'i
I'ah- f 3676
Pine Barren 3 339
Plume 341
Pyramid
t 3<>93. ,1699. 371)1
Ragged 3 331-2
Rayless 32,5
I'etid 321)
Howard's 326
Riddell's 346
River-bank .337
Ro.. 342
Rough -leaved 330
.Salt-marsh 33,*^
Sea-side 33s
Sharp-toothed 341
Showy 3 3i(j
Short's 343
Slender .331
-fragrant 34H
-showy 336
Spreading 359
StilT 3i,i
Stout Ragged ,vii
Swamp 3 341, f 36S4
Sweet 3 33>'
Tall Hairy 339
Triir i 3691
Twisted-leaf 3' 33s
Velvety 344
AVantl-like 335
Western Rough 34.S
" Hushy 34S
White T,},},
Willow-leaf 335
Woodland 332
Wreath ,\?2
VVrinkle^lcaved 3,',9
Yellow-top 341
Zig-zag .?32
Colden-saxifrage 2 181
-seal 2 50, f 1031
- j7<7 ; ■, jl/ij lyla ndi 365,=;
-Ire/oil f i57->
-u illoTi-herh f 2811
Cood-hye-suntmer(p\\x-
ple os/t'rs, N. C. )
Cood King Henrj-
I 574
Good Hfointng Spnm;
f 1429
Goo/s f 1545
Good Friday Grass
f9f'5
Gooseberry Family
3 1.S7
Gooseberry f 2796-7
Uristly 2 1,88
Cape 3 126. 131
Kastern Wild 2 189
Garden 1.S9
Hawthorn 1.S9
Illinois i 1867
Missouri 2 188
Northern 189
' Gooseberry
Priaiv Wild i 1S65
Sleiiih-r i 1867
Smoolli i 1868-9
Swamp 2 \i\<)
Willi !.><■<
Oi>o:irhii)\-pir f 2.51 1^
GooSErour Famii-v
1 569
Ciooscfoot I 57o-<)
Herlandier's 572
Hoses 572
City I ,573
Cut leaved 5711
Feither Geranium, =i74
l"remont's ,^72
Good King HeMiry 574
Jerusalem Oak i 574
Many seeded ,^71
Mapie-leaved 573
Miicury i 1370
Narrowleaved i i7i
Nettleleaved ,^73
Mexican Tea 57,s
Oakleaved ,>7i
I'erennial s~\
Red ,S74
■V'" f 1393
Turnpike Geranium
I ,S74
I'pright 573
White 570
Wormseed ,S75
Goose gras^ i 214; 2 216;
3 220, f 415, 713, 1357
Great 3 ()i
Lesser 220
Goose -tansy 2 216
-tongue 3 454, f ,U44
Gophii-:, ood f 2046
Gordolobo f 39S3
Gorse 2 270
Gosling- i 15S1
Gosling-grass 3 220
•weed 220
(Vosmore 26^
Go-to-bedatnoon 2()9
Gourd 1".\mily 3 249
Gourd, Missouri 2,50
Gout-weed, -wort 2 539
Ginvan, Ewe 3 3vi
Horse 4.S0
Ling 2S3
May 3=ici
Meadow 2 it
Milk or Witch
Open
Yellow
3 271, f 1614-5, I6l.>^
Goztil f 1S70
CfRAPK Fajiily 2 407
Grape
Arroyo f 2402
Ashy i 24110
Hailey's 2 411
Hear's 572
liUie 409
Jliill i 240J
KuUace 2 411
Catawba 4i.k^
Chicken 410
Concord 40S
Downy 409
]'"alse 413
Fox 2 408, 411, f 2404
l"rost 410, f 2402
Isabella 2 411S
Missouri 41.)
Mountain f 2406
Muscadine t 2402
Oregon f 1642
Plum 2 41 iS
Possum 410
Rocky Mountain
i 1641
or Witch 3 271
or Water f 1345
Gra)>e
Riverside 2 410
Salt f 1396
Sand 2 411
Scuppernong 411
Si a f 139(1
/{n^/isli f 1389
.Small 2 409
.Southern Vo\ 411
.Sugar 411
Summer 41 k)
.Sweet scented 410
Winter
2 4119. 410, f 24112
Grape-fern I 2-4
Cut leaved 3 494
Hilclicock's f 2
A'attlesnaie f ~
Grape://(..T(v f in''. 2
-liy,i'ciiith 1 424-i
■pear t I9S()
■root i 1942
Crapeuorl i 1.5,54-5
Graphephorum i 210
Grass F.VMii-Y 1 94-233
(jrass
A.;ne f 1023
Alkali f 454. 977
Arlsti'lai 133-7; 3 5112
Arrow 1 83, f 301
JIaliama f4iK)
liarley i 22S-<)
Mouse, Way, Wtid
f ,532
/larnacle f is.i
Harnyard i 1 1 ,1
yieaclt f 380. 453
Jiead f23i
Bear i 427,
f 284, 1027, 2474
Beard i 98, 101-3, 157,
f 299, ,v>4
Annual 1 35S
Indian f 221
XakeJ i 41x8
Short leaved f 4(H)
Triple-aiL md i vi*'
Woolly f2ii
Bickman's f4i4
Jlcni;al i 2S3
Bent I i6>-2, i()7
//lack f 336. 520
Creepim; i ,-,62
Dense-flow'd 3 5112
Afarsh f ,^62
jYarrou- fs^g
Purple f ',S|
Reed f 3S(i
Rhode Island f 365
Rock 3 51H
Sea f 821
Seashore i ,vSi)
Sfiider f 364
irav f 5>,2
If /file i 362
Wind f3,S3
Bermuda i 175
Jlig lilue-slem f 219
Bird i 4()8
■seed f 292
/litter t 102 ',
Black
I ,385; 2 272, f 510
■hent t 336, 520
-couch " f 336
Black-head f 965
Black-oat i !3S
-i/uilch f ^f>2
Black-seed f 349
Blo:t-out
f 331, 425, 438
/lluhbep- f,5i3
Blue I 202, 2114,
f 524, 7,^6, io,S5
Grass, Blue
Colorado (524, var.
English 1 521
Oregon i 479
Texas 3 504
Blue-eyed
' 453-4. * ^m^
Blue-joint i if)3,
f 219, 524, var.
/lig f 216
BInestem f ,^73
Big i 2x6, 219
/lushy f 221. 224
Little f 216
/lonnel f \it2
Bottle f 2S2, 2074
Botllc-brush i 2,^^
/'oltle I nsh f 541
/!> ides-laces i 290
B'ristle, Green i 282
Glaucous i 281
Rough f 280
Brome i 219-224
Barren i 221
/lii:a-like ^517
l'"ield 3 506
Hairy i 220, f ,50*)
Smooth Rye f 514
So/-f f5l3
Short-aicned f5i8
Wild f5i9
/iiook i 221
/Iroom i 216, 219
B'roiim-corn, Wild
i 420
/luci' f 96
BulTalo I 183, f 411-12
Bull f3n
Bullpotes i 387
/lunch I 216, 312, ,^1S,
354. ',^38
/tiitjalo f 5111
Early i\^\
Feather i 310
Bur I 127
/lurdoek f 226
Button f 31)6
/'urden's f 362
Canary i ni)-i
Southern i 291
Candy 1 433
Cane' i 233, f 4o<j
Maiilen f 225
S:, itch i 542
Capon's-tail f 498
Carnation
I .VV>, <7I3. 742
Carpet i 2.56
Catch-fly i 129
Cat's-tail f 3.i4
Alpine i ,vi5
Meadow f ,^,54
Rush I 147
Causeuay f 459
Cheat ' I 222. f 522
Chess I 219. 221-4
Ci impact 3 5116
I'ield 506
S:iamp i Sc6
Wild f5,2
CI aver f )4i2
Clump-head ^6,(6
Ci>ck ^514
Cocksfoot f 457
Cockspur III?
t"i><' f 926
Coco f .557
Corn f 257, ,383
Cord I 175-6
Fresh-water 175
Slender f 404
Cotton I 271-3
Horsetail 16.38
Couch I 226
Black f 336
568
IvNGLISII INDKX, INCHDINf. roinLAR PLANT NAMES. [Vol. Ill
'.I"
i't:;;
Grass, Couch
l'"alse 3 s<>7
Cow 2 277, f 13,17, :!(>7S
Cou qiiakr i .(55
Cral) I 1(19, II I, i!*i,
f4i6, 1337, I.^Sq
Spioii/tili; i 27,^
Ti.vas f4io
Crap f S2'
Ciiit; i I4fi
Cristcd Hair f 444
Cro-ffoiU f 2(11. 41*1
Cuckoo fiKi.s
Cuba f 2;5
Curly I 7
Cut, Rice 1211
Cypress f 544
Darnel i 225
liiaiiled, Pmsoii,
i 5^2
A-,,/ 1 321
Iliirl f,;>i
Deer 2 474-5
J>iir/,iii!;ur t 257
/)( :i/'s f 220, ^SU
Siitnnitr i \i\2
Pilch i \-u
Dodder i 455
/'tyr f ,s2|. Mi.s
jyog l\nl f V'.s
l)0!::,li,al f ~S2»
Di«s tail I 200, f 4i,s
l'r,s/<d f45ti
Dog's toutli
I I 75. f ,S2S
Jhhir t 1337
J)olli<riiii;; Picks i '4's5
Ihnrr ' i ,5(12
J^raffgc, Dm a kc f 522
Draic i 3o,s
Drop-seed i 144, 154 ()
Drunk f 522
Ihidder f ,S9
Earning 3 114
ICel I X2, 9,1
Grcfil f I (■2(1
EK.vpliiin I i>>2
-millcl f 22,i
Knglisli nine i 2u2
£tcr f,52i
Evergreen t ,^96. 502
JCiui/as/iiii; f 239
•/■a.";r *455
Eaitour's 2 3S(i
/"o/ic f 2es
/Vi/ic Hiiffald f 419
I'alse Oat 1 171
I'alse Red-toi>
1 A)5. i 43''
I'eallier f 31 1 , 3S4. 417
Richardson's f ,^09
I'ealher llunclx f3io
Felon 2 515
Fescue
I 216-18; 3 5o,S-C>
Hard f 500, v.ir.
Fine John f ,^62
/•V«f Top t 3(15
Finder i 111
Hairy f 240
Lale-flowerinK
3 49f>
Smooth 1 241
Fiorin i 159
Fire 2 225
/■7<'/,' f 337. 491
J''iy-a:iav f 36M
Fowl Meadow
I 205, f 4f)8. 48S
/•o.r- f 4113
F'ox-tail 1 126, 14K-9
Bristly i 280. 2.S1
Ilrozcn f 280
J'/oa/inff f 337
Grass, 1 'ox tail
ll'a/er 1337
I'reiich f 2iIhi
/■'risky Afeai/o:, f Sii2
/'m;;-- f <)26, l3(<o
I'll) ze Top f 3(1 s
lialloii- f 1262
v'.ania l f.8
Gilliflo:, ,/• f 742. 7N1
^7i'.'(/ T'rtday i 1165
Goose I 214;
2 216; 3 61, 2A),
1415. 713, 1317
Grama i iso
/Hack f4n
/tine f4i2
Common i \\2
Side Oals f 4n
Tall f4i3
('treat Goose 3 i>i
(7rii n f 4e6
Hair I i(iS-7o
C 'rested i 444
I.onif awned i 145
KoukIi ii>i
Water f 445
Hard i 226, f 4,57
Hassock f ,v''>7
Haver f 510. ,513
-corn f 395
Heatlii-r i "1S3
Hedgehog 127
Marsh f 760
Hendoii Bent i 458
Herd's 1 147, 1,59
Hevcr \ 3<),5-6
Hirsc < 272
Holy I 132
}{ooded f5i3
Hnngari.m i 127
Hii nger i 3 '/)
Indian i 104, f 427
] itdian-Ueard f 221
Indian- Pooh f 4ix>
Indian Kice I 12S
-millet ^318
/'"("i f 799
Ivray i 225
.lohiiBon I 1(14 f5i9
Joint I iii<j
June I 204, f 397
Prairie f 441
Kentucky Blue i 2(^4
K'noh f 318')
Knot I 561, f22i), 324
Lady i 200
I^ady-Hair i 4s,s
-laces f 2(,(i
Lavender f 427
Leghorn Straw t 4,=;S
Lemon i ^ui>
Lob or Lop 1513
London /.ace t 2cjo
Lnnisiana f 2,^6
Love I iS;
Lyme 232
Maiden Cane f 225
A/aii/en-//air f 4,35
Manna 1 211-13; 3 505
Poland f4(|i
Manna-f; ()«^ f 491
Marani i \(S
Marl 2 277, f 2075
Marram Sea f 5,iq
Marsh i 175, 177
Ma rsh-hcdgehog { 766
Mat ' I 224
■reed f 520
-weed 1 166
May f 4,39
Meadow i 201-7, 212.
214-15, f4SS
Common f 466
Fowl I 205.
f 468, 4S8
Grass, Meadow
Kecd I 212
..S'((( i 4(i.i
Short-stalked i 42(1
Meadow-fescue 1 217
-spear ', 4SS
Me lie I 195
Merlin's f 102
Mescjuite
I 180, f 304. 41 ^
Bristly f4ii
//();/( I' 3516, f 2(>,(2a
I'rairie 3 sid
r.lzet f.^S4
/ 'ine f 2.(()
Milk 3 245
Millet
I no, 123, 127, 1(1
Molinia i 1S7
/'iirple i 427
Money f 1.^39
A/onkey's 1,1(12
Afoor i (/h), iS(i3
Mountain Rice
« I, -.9-4 1
Mouse i 3^5
Mouse-tail f 336, 49^^
Munro's i 181
Myrtle i S.S3
Naid I 224
.Xatiiral
f 466, 468, 2065
Needle 1312
jVeele f 522
Nimble Will i 144
.Xonesuch, II 'h ite i S2i
Nut I 240. 241
Oat 1 138,171-4. ut>^
Ito-iony f 3(Ki
False f 3(>6
Golden f 391
/'oor f 3<i5
7(7// f 391, 3()6
Oats. Sea-side, f 455
Old IVhite-top i 1^4
O/,/ Hitch 1'274
Onion i yp
Orange 2 436
Orchard i 2(,()
Painted 130
Panic I 1 13-125;
3 4(>6-5oi, See I'auic
Pearl i y^^, 4,35
Penny 3 KS7
Pepper f i(v\',-4
Pigeon I 126; 3 70.
f 240
Pin 2 344
/'ink i 4",6, 742, 799
Pitchfork ' f 231
Plume I 99
Pond i 173, 524, var.
Poor Oat f ,3(i5
Porcupine i 1,39, f ,112
Poverty I 133; 2 .(ii,
i 505. 2074, 2473
Southern I344
Prairie 1341,351.441
-/line f4U
-rush I 153
Prickle i lo's
/'rim f 2()3
L'nrple
i 2067. 2083, 2549
yuake. Quaking I 109
Quick, Quack f 524
Quickens f 524
(Juitch I 226
Black f 3(12
Randall 1 502
Rat- tail f 3,?.i
Rattlesnake i 21 1
Rav I 225, Red f 521
Red- stem, /.it tie f 216
Red-top 1 159, 184, 205
Grass, Red-top
/iiinc'i * 479
False I 205, f .(36
Northern
' .\('.\
11 'ild 1 270
Reed i 12S, 130, 15S,
163-7. 176. I^». <542
Common, /A>i,'', f 420
Ditch, /'olc ' f 420
Indian 1 ,360
Salt I 176
Reed-bent i y^o
Reed-Canary i 13(3
-meadow 212
Rescue fsig
Ribbon i 291
Rice I 128, i,l(,)-4o
Rice Cut i 129
Ripple 3 207
Rot 3 i()4
Rush I 151-4. f 352
Rtish Cat's-tail 1 147
Russia i 491
Rye I 225, 210-2
Giant f 5,18
/'erennial f 521
Wild I 210-2, 3 51 iS
Ryle f 522
St. Mary's i 225
Salem i 384
Salt f 3'i-, 417. 454
Clustered i 426
I 'ine tup f 352
Rush i 4(11
Salt-marsh 1 405
Salt- meadow i i-'o
Sand I 185, f 380, 1356
Big i 3S2
Sand-hnr 1 2S4
Sand reed 1 166
Sand -spur f 2S4
Satin i 321-2, 326-7
Scorpion 3 61-3
Scratch f 1355
Scutch 1 175
Cane 233
Scurvy
2 115, 122; 3 322
Sea f 176, 183, 1389
-Marram ^ 5.19
-meadoic i .\u},
Sea-oats I 19s
■reed, -sand, i ,180
-spur f494
Seneca i 132
Serpent f I3i.-n
Sesame f 210
Shakeis i 455
Shat'e f 84
Shear f 524
Shelly 1 524
Shining f k\u
Short-husk f ,132
.Si de-oats *4i3
Sickle i 1355
iV/* f 312, 1027, 3052
Silky t ii.S
Silver 3 322
Slender ^417
Slough i 414, 524. var.
Small Cane i 233
Smut 154
Snake i 1477
Soft I 16S
Soldier's Feather
Sour I 1301
.Southern Reed f 291
So-v f 1691
Snake 3 61, f 1477
Sparrow i 1028
Spar I f 405
Spear i 201-3,
205-8, 214
Bunc/t £478
■if'
f ;,6i)
1 iy(>
i ,iSi)
iry I 1 V3
V 21 J
i 2(>[
1 28, 1 59-^0
i 129
3 207
3 194
151-4, f ,^52
s-tail I 1)7
f 491
I 225, 2V>-2
a/ f ,S2i
230-2, 3 ^''''^
f S22
s 1 223
l,V-'4
.i-is, 417. 454
?(/ f 426
'> f .V52
1 41 M
■// f 405
o\v I 176
5, f ,v-*o, i;o6
f3S2
1 2S4
I 1 166
;- f 2S4
,121-2, 326-7
3 '>!-,?
* '355
I 175
2J3
^5.19
< 493
I 19S
r(7«i/, f ;,So
*494
1 1 12
f i.ViH
f 210
f455
f.M
f 524
1 524
f "654
!^- f 3;,2
I413
t 1355
12, I027, 1(>S2
3 322
*4i7
414, 524, var.
lie I 235
f 1477
I 16S
Fealher
1 1301
/?(■(■(/ f 291
f iflQI
3 61, f 1477
f 1028
f 4"5
1 201-3,
205-S, 214
f47S
»_i.|ji,jfi]WP".jl^" .■^=T'.' ^^ W , ■ '"'
Vol. III.] ENGLISH INDEX, IN'CLUniNG TOPl'LAR PLANT NAMES.
Gras<i, Spear
Ar<adow f .)S8
KlDtiiitaiii
I .•'o;,, t 464
Soiilhiin f43i
Spike I 197-8, f 453
Sfikid f isf)
Spill s { 21JO, 3S0, 42C1
Hfiring' f 29^
5/)/<»7 f62'7
S(iuirrcMail i 22(|
Si/iiiUii i 461, 524
Staggir I 444
Star 1 ',S(i, 425, 446;
2 3''^"; 3 227
Stftp 3 194
Stiuil 1 524
Stur<ly f 322
.Sriff/ f I S3, 491, 883
Sweet Vernal i 131
Szvi/ie's t T ',^7
S:fi/c/i iVy.i
S-.ioitl i 290. (nS
Sviiau f 225
Tdif i 522
7(7 .(.If/ f 17(1
Teirell I 2?o
Texas Blue 3 .siq
Thin I 161
Til// t 3(x,
Three a%viuil 1 133
TInee-foik (403
Tiikle f 274, 3t',s
Tiiiiiithy 1 147
Cnlijoriiia i 29:
MoitiiUiiii f i^s
;/■//,/ f32'2
Tine 2 32(>
Toad i 926
Toiii;ue f 147.=;, itsq
Tdolliache i 177
Ti iftlenitneil
f 304, 301.
Tumble-weed i 12?
Tiirki-y-Juol f 218
Til rile t 183
7"rf/i/ f 3(,7
T:i ill-spike f 4(15
7"rf /Vi7/ f 324
Hhiik fjix
liiillci- 1 396
Onion f 3(^
Wilier f 3(12
7Vri' penny i 2>>I5
Umbrella ^644-3
I ■ II inn f 451-3
Vanilla 1 132
Nodding 3 302
Velvet I 168
■mesQiiile f 384
I'iiieiiiesi/iiili f 24')
U'lii^-uaiilpii f 435
Wart 2 371)
//'«/(Tf 445, 1721. 2703
l.iinre i 2\o
Water O.its i 128
II -ay fi337
ll'dv-henl f 5^2
(/W/ f 1721
Wheat 1 227-8,
f 324, var.
Ileal ded 1328
Coast 3 307
Doff 1 328
Pulse i 524
Gnielin's 3 3^8
We.stern 3 307
Wliify f6f.3
White 1 139
H'liiles i \nj\
White Top t 362
Whitlow 2 140-4
Whorl, Water 194
Wiekens ^524
ll'idi^eon f 183
Urass
11 'lid Ciiiiarv f 291
Wild Oat
I 17,5-4. 3 y>^
Wild Kyc
I 2,^0-2, 3 ,308
Wild Tiiiiolliv i 122
Willou ' f 1319
"'/«(/ f 3S3
Windlestr.i'
1 167. f .-,87
ll'indmili f 407
Wi liter f 7.1S
Wire I i,S4, 181,
f 242, 4U1, 410
Wire-bent 1 224
Witeh I 121, f 52.1
Old i 274
U'o/iSi/itii t 270
WiH'd i 22J 321
meadow 1 20,5
Worm 2 60S
Wool I 271
Ifiaek f 18,^
Yard i l"^l, f 416
}'illorc f c)()0
Yellow-eyed I V>o-7o
)',ilo:.-lofi ' f 378
)'oi ksliin -fi)!; {,584
Grass-JiiKter
{ 10S3. 1429
(Irasso/'lhe Amies i ,vi6
C.rassdf-I'arnassus
2 182-4
Grass-pink 1 480, f 1469
Grass poly 2 471
■ ueed ' i 1,83
• wrack i 82
Gri>:el('liinl f 2774
Gravel-root 3 307
• weed 2.) 2
Gi ai'eynrd-u ecil f 2337
Gray-beard tree f 2843
( irayinile 3 64
Greasewood i ,s.'<4
Greek \',ilerian 3 41
A III er lean • 299,1
C'l'i e/'ini^ f 2(((i3
Greenbrier I 4-tu-2
/■'iddle-sliaped f 1037
Green-dragon i 361
-j;iii!;er f4oio
-osier i 2713. 2720
-saiue t 1301
-sorrel f I lol
-weed, or -wood 2 271
Gr/'^ t 2778
Grimthe-Collier 3 284
Grinsel 4S2
Grip, Gri])-^:rass 220
Gtomwell, Aiiier. 3 64
Corn 63
HiiNe 66-7
Woolly 64
Ground-berry 2 372
-biinuit 332
-eediir i c|8, 2474
-eeiiliiKry f 22^4
Ground-Cherry 3 126-33
Harbaiioes 127
Clammy i,V)
Cut leaved 128
Hillside 131
L;>nee-leaved 127
l.tirge- bladder 129
I.oiin leaved 120
I.ow 130
I,ow Hairy 126
Mexican 128
Peruvian 131
Philadelphia 128
Prairie 129
Purple-flowered 132
Round-leaved 131
Small-flowered 127
Ground Cherry
Stellate ' 3 n2
Tall Hairy 126
VirKinia 130
White-flowered 133
Ground^ /•"/;• f 95
•hele 3 108
•hemlock i 61
■holly t 273I)
•ivy 3 ^'*7
-laurel 2 371
■lemon f i6)6
■ lily i 104S
■ moss i 2.(74
Ground nut 2 353
Dwarf 2 51 p7
Giouiid-pea f 2227
Ground pine I 41,
2 436, f go, 9.8, 3070
Fes <on f 98
Grou. ' ,)luni 2 297
■ riispht riy i 13(4
Groiiiid-si/inrre/pea
t 1615
Ground-vine 3 213
Groundsel 473
Hl.ick tipped 477
lialsam 479
Common 4S2
Crossleaved 4S1
ICiitire-leavcd 476
Fetid 4S3
JIarsli 4S1
Silvery 477
\"isciins 4S3
Wood 482
Groiindsel-biish 3 304
-tree 30 (
Gi oiiseberry i 2773
Grundy-Swallow 3 4^0
Guelder-rose, Wibl 229
Afaple-leayed 13437
Gum, Black 2 ,^47, f :-2,^
Cotton 2 3)7
Red K13
Sour 2 347, f 2723
Spriiee f 122
Star-leaved 2 lo;
Sweet 103
Tupelo S47
Il'al,r f2722
Willie i i.s^o
Giim-Elaslie f j.sio
l"inui-i)lant 3 321, f 3031
Gum-iree
Sfriiee i 1 22
)'ellou' i 2-;:i
Giiii-brialit i S)
(rUtierrezia 3 320
Giitler-liee f 2717
Gutweed 3 272
Gymno])o?oii I 178-Q
Gypsophyll 2 16-17
Hnckbetfy, So i 326-7
Hackmatack 1 3), f 131
flaeiiio: k f 120
Ilauweed 2 271
Hail-, //<;/;'-, rrC('rff29S7
//air-fern t io
Hair Grass
I 145, 161, 168-171
Hairlioof, Sweet 3 227
Hiirhound (»ti
Hairif 220
/fa m mer^sedffe {"13
finmmeiuorl f 1270
Ilandsoiiie Harry
■f2352
Harbinger of .Spring
2 542
Hardback
2 196, 213, f 1208
Piiiple i 1884
Spue i 18.S3-4
Hardheads 3 492
5^'9
34S4
f 4077
Hardock
tfaidrieed
Harebell 3 2,V3
.Vrctic 2':- ■
Hare's-beard 3 14,1
ear 2 329; 3 315
Hare's-foot Fern i 11
Hartford Kern i 7
Hari's^eye i 2642
Hartshiirii-biish 1 8
■planl f I,s8i
Hatt's-thorn 2 40,";
-t(mgue 1 21
lIarveBt-6(//.i < ■287,3
•licj 3 4.^7
-lily 12951
Hathorne 2 241
Haver-eorn f 395
Haw (see Thorn)
2 240-6
Black
3 233. * 28,50, 3444
Dolled I if)93
I'arsley 2 242
Pear 244
Possum i 2,560, 3443
Red 2 242, f 1991,
1994, 1(^6, 2002-3
.Scarlet 2 242
Sliauiiee ^ 3443
.Small-fniited 2 240
.Summer 244
Tree f 1996
Vail's 2 245
Yellow 244
Haukberry f 2021
Hawkbit 3 266, 282, 285
Hawk's- beard 3 279-82
Grav 282
Hawkw'eed 3 283-7
Canada 286
]';arly 285
Field 284
Golden Mouse-ear
2-"<4
Green 285
(Tri>novius' 287
Hairy 287
Long bearded 287
Maryland 2,85
Mouse-ear 283
Narrow-leaved 286
Orange 284
Panieled 2^6
Rough 287
Tawny 284
Vein-leaf 283
Wall 283
Hawtliorn
2 241, f 1991, I99'8
Eniilisli i 1993
Hau-tree f 1995
Hayhofe 3 S7
Haymaids S7
Hay-plant 227
Ha:el, Illaek f 1208
Siiappin}^ i 1879
Witch 2 193
Hazel-nut i ,307-S
He-liiukleberry f 2355
Headache 2 99, f i6tk)-i
-plant f 1,381
Head-flower 3 216
-Hetony f 3,?35
Headsman 3 S07
Heal-all 3 8.s, 148,
f 1029, ioc6
High 3 1S6
Heal-bite i 1787
■dc^s; i 1787
Healing-blade
3 206. f 1S20
-herb 3 67, 207
Heart clover 2 273
■leaf 2 273, f 1 278 -So
570
ENGLISH INDIiX, IN'CLUDIN'O POPIXAR 1>I<.\NT NAMES. [Vol,. III.
Heart of thcearlh 3 f*"*
-siud 40,^
■trefoil 27,1
tf curls i 2250
I U'iirtsease
a 4,S.s, f 1319. '.127
Heart' apansy fjsii
HearluieU ' i 1327
Hcartwcirt 3 274
HlCATII Kaiiii.v .S56
Heath f 2Vn. 2474
Hlackberricd" ' a ,v^(
to/H f 131')
Cruss-leaved a .s73
Moutitaiii 565
ScDldi 573
7reatli-1)i'Us 3 253
1 tcatlibtrry 3 383
Htalli-iyfircss 1 114
Heather 3 573
Heach, False, 441
Mouox 383
Hea Vfii u iird 7>r<?f 2272
Hedge-bells 3 2h
-burs, ll'i/if 220
-Dead-nettle 94
-Karlic 3 115
IledKelu* 531
-thistle 461
I ledge-hyssop 3 160-3
Hedge-lily 3 25
Hedge-maids I3<i9,s
Hedge-mustard 3 iib
Fine -leaved 144
Hedge-nettle 3 96-S
-parsley 3 510-11
Nedffe-peak i 1073
Mediae I'icks f 2016
Hediicplaul fi25Q
■slrOifbcrry f lyio
-taper 3 143
-thorn 2 241
-■feed f i(x)6
Hedysarnm 3 31 1
Heliotrope 3 51-3
i7arden, Hardy f 3474
Summer ' i \\~\
IF/ Id f 3016
Hellebore 3 sv ^973
American White I 4(^-5
Haslard i 11 20
y/V f 084
Falie f 984-5
Clreen 3 33
Steam p f g»4
//'//(/ ^3016
Wood's False i 408
Helleborine i 469
Hellroot 3 196
Helliveed i 1625
Helmet-flower 3 78
-pod I 1613
Hemicarplia i 273
Hemlock i 56, 61
Carolina 36
Creeping f 135
(Iround i 61
Lesser, ax Small i 2636
Poison 3 532
Southern i 125
spotted f 2694
Water 3 536
Hemlock-Chervil 3 511
Hemp I 530, 591
Albany f 1267
American f 2430
Bastard 3 92
Indian 3 3, f 2430
Nettle 3 92
Water 3 591
Wild 3 92, 295
Hemp Dead-nettle 92
Hemp-nettle, Red 92
Common f 3107
Hempweed, Climbing
3 313
Hen -a n dch icken s
f 1820, 37.?4
Henbane, lUaek 3 13^
)'ello:c f (jii'i
Henbit 3 (i(. (,6
.Small 17.)
Henbit Dead nettle o(
Hen plant 3 jn*) 7
Hens i 2303
Hep- or Hip-tree f 107;
Herb bane 3 lo"
-//iii/mrti ri7ii<i
-licnnet i 1944-5, 11)48
-Cliristoi)her
2 55, f 8, 1031
-Oer.iid 1 330
-itnpiipus 3 ;ii3
-ivy 3 113
-John 4!3
-Margaret 3 351), 457
Herb-oftheCross 3 7.)
Herb-Robert 3 341
-Sherard 3 220
-Sciphia 3 14)
-twopenee 581)
-Trinity 3 455, f 1578
-tricopv f 2506
-William 3 3^8
Herba Impia 3 -^iis
Hercules' Club
2 506, f 2270
Heron 's-bi 11 2 _^i4
Heuchera 2 i78'S(i
Hickory i 4S4-7
Big Shag-bark 480
/litter i 1152
Hitter nut
I 483, f 1158
/titter Pii,'-nut f 1132
/Hack f ii3r>. 11 38
/Irnu n, or iirooin
f 113S
nulhiul fll56
Fragrant i 4"<()
//ardbark i ii,st>
King-nut I 48(1
Mocker-nut 486
Northern 3 31 3
Pecan i 484
/'la; i 1 132
Pig-nut 1 487: 3 312
Red f ii.iG. II 38
/^ed/ieart f 113}
Scurfy 3 312
Shag-bark
I 4*^3: 3 311
Southern 3 311
Shell-bark
I 483, f 1133
T/iick, or Western
f 1 1 33
Small-fruited i 48(1
Soft-shell i 1131
Swamp I 4S5, f 1 133
Upland f 1134
W.ater i 48s
irhite
f 1 134, 1 1 56, 1138
White-heart 1 486
White Walnut 48^
Hickory Poplar f 1312
Hit^h-bclia i 3303
High Dandelion 13371
HighorHigTai)er3 143
High-water shrub 3 292
Hillberry 2 372
Hillwort 3115
Hindheal 3 460, f 1371
Hip-brier, -loset 1973-4
-tree • '97o
Hippo, Wild i 2^21
Indian I 1888
/lirse (272
Hive vine 3 21^1. f 2l(>t
lloarhouiid, lilack
3 9*'
Ci'iiiiiii'ii '3i'8o
l'"elid 3" ()')
Mar>h 118
Water 3 1 17-1 18
While 84
Wild 310-312
Iliiarwort 3 393
llobble-bush 229
lIotYiiianseggia 2 239
1 log apple ().'
-bed f 98
-'>ite f 3331
Hog reaniil 2 y4
■physic '3302
Hog's bean 3 138
-fennel 2 313, r^(|8|
■ poliitue i 070
Ilogweed 3 203. 307.
t 2O34, ,3827
Hogwort 2 V'i
Holtard f 1223
Hollow riiiit 3 243
IIiil.I.V F.\MII.v 2 y-fi
Holly, American 3911
Dahoon 2 391
/hcidiioiis 1 2^011
/■'.luetic t 2338
(iron lid f 2736
Large leaved 2 392
Meadow 392
Mountain 393, f 23(11
Swamp 3 392
// V; itr f 2330
Wild 2 393
f/otly bay f 2441
Hollyhock, Sea i 2434
lldly //aj' f 2ii')4
-heib 3 70
-rose, Marsh 2 ,308
Homewort 108
Honesty 134
Honeworl 33*)
Honey f 21141
Honey-balls 3 216
Honey-blob f 1S70
Honey-bloom 3 2
-locust 2 200
-lotus 27^
■nicsiiiiite
3 316, f 2032a
-plant 3 107
-shucks I 2041
•stalks 2 279
HoNEVSUCKLF. 1'"AMII.V
3 2-;;
Honeysuckle 2 280;
3 237-42; f 1359
Bush 3 241-2
Chinese 240
Cinnamon
t 2747, var 2
Clammy f 2747
Coral
Crimson
Douglas' 3 23S
ICaily f 2743
Fly 3 240-42, f 3407
Claucous 3 238
Ground 2 280
Hairy 3 238
Italian 237
Japanese 240
Garden /^ly f 3467
Perfoliate 3 237
Purple I 2743
Sea I lei Trumpet
f 3461
Small Yellow 3 238
Smooth f 2746
SuUivant's 3 239
Swamp 2 539, f 2743
3 23>i
13438
Honeysuckle
Tartarian Bush 3 241
Truii'pet 3 239
White '2747
Wild 3 55K.
f 2614, 2607-8
Yellow
3 239, f 2745, .3438
Honeysuckle Apple
3 33H
-clover 276, 279
Honey-sweet 22^
lloodwort 3 ',9
Hoofs 4^)9
Ilook-heal 88
-:ieed ^ 3o<;8
Hoop-ash 2 ()02, f 1253
Hoopkoop plant 3 325
//i>op:fiiod f 2363
Hop or Hops 1 33t>
/log i 2889
Wild 3 9<i, f 1582
Hoi)-clovcr 3 272, 27s
-hornbeam 1 ,307
Hop tree 2 354
-trefoil 275
■!'ine, Ilevil's f 1034
Hornbeam 1 306-7
Suainp i 2721-3
Horn bine i 2721
-pine, -pipe. f 2721
/lorncd Ctofer i 2063
Horned Rush 1 276
//orn-ueed \ 1536
HoRNWoKT Family '
2 46
Horn wort 46
Horse-balm 3 123
Hor.se-blob 2 51
■ bramble f 1973
Horse-brier i 440
cane 3 295
Horse-chestnut 2 4o«j
A met lean f 2382
Horse-elder 3 404
-foot 46<)
/forse-ffeaweed i 2030
Horseily-wecd 3 2()6
Horse-gentian 3 234
-ginseng 234
-gold
f 1614- 13, 1618, 1625
Horse -gowaii 3 439
Horse-heal 404
-hoof 469
-knobs, -knop 492
Horse-laurel f 2730
-lily f 1327
Horse-Mint 3 104, 120,
t3'3i. 3139
European 13177
Ohio f3i,W
Sweet 3 116
Horse-nettle 135
Horse-pipe f 77, 84
Horse-radish 3 127
Horse-sorrel f I29<j
Horse sugar 3 597
Horse-tail Family
» 35
Horse-tail i Vi-7
Cornfield i 77
Meadoiu f 78
Rou!;h f 84
Water f ,82
Hor.se-thyme 3 108
Horse- weed 3 123, ,^91,
* 3539. 3592
Low, Purple, 3 391
Houndbciie 3 84
Hound 's-berry 134
-tongue 3 53, 319
House-leek 3 166-8
Houstonia 3 214-215
Hove 87
i i!
[Vol,. III.
Vor,. III.] ENllLISn INDHX, IXCLIDINC; I'Ol'ULAR I'L.VNT NAMES
57X
ickle
iiin Bush 3 241
)it 3 2.W
f -'747
f 26114, 2(H)7-S
2.V), f 2745, M^
ucWle Appli'
2 5SH
276, 279
(wiet 224
■rt 3 ■' 9
4(xj
t-al 8S .
f ,vxj«
)h 2 602, f 1 255
)()p plant a 325
iik/ f J.^fi.l
Hops I ,S,V>
f 2S.S9
3 9.), f 15H2
)ver 3 272, 275
beam i .S'V
i ,154
il 275
, Dez'iTs f 1054
am I 506-7
up fs72i-.1
'i/«^ f 2721
, ./>//><■, f 2721
1/ Clinrr i 2065
1 Rush I 276
■rccrf 1 15,^6
VoRT I'AMII.Y
2 46
ort 4(>
halm 3 '2.?
bloh 2 .SI
p;/Wc f 1973
brier 1 44°
! 3 295
chestnut 2 400
•ricaii f 2382
-elder 3 404
L 469
■ff fa treed 1 2050
iiy-weed 2 266
-Keiitiau 3 234
seiij{ 23t
i6i4-i,S, 1618, 1625
-({owaii 3 459
-heal 404
)f . 469
)l)S,'-knop 492
'-laurel i 2750
f 1527
:-Mint 3 104, 120,
f 31.5'. 3139
ropean i3>77
o i 31. W
!et 3 "6
-nettle I35
--pipe i 77, 84
;-radish 2 127
f -sorrel i I29<)
.'sugar 2 597
lE-TAIL TaMII-Y
I ,15
;-tail I 35-7
■II field t 77
adoic i 7**
•ii^l, i 84
ier i S2
e-thj-nie 3 i<)8
li-weed 3 123, ,391,
f .15.59. .1.592
K, Purple, 3 391
idbene 3 '^\
id's-berry 134
igue 3 53. ,1'9
le-leek 2 166-8
itonia 3 214-215
'- 87
HUCKI.IJIIKRRV l''AMn.V
3 573
Huckleberry
3 574-5. ' 27.)!
niack a .S7(
nine ,S79
1I"X 575
Hush .S7.S
Dwarf ,S7S
fie i 2355
HIkIi bush 2 574
Southern Blai'k ,S77
S(iuaw ,s><'i
Si ra:, berry f 27111
7"; w ' f 2797
Itiickleberry Lily
f ii«)3
Ilndsonia a 441
Ilnnjfer flcnver 142
lIuuKcr-weed S3
J{iiiii>ry-viiir f M34
Huntsman's Cup 2 kmi
Hutr-bur 3 4S4
Hurt sickle 401-2
Hiiikrihtl f ii)23
Ilutchiiisia a 13S
Hutton-wted 3 24S
Hyacinth i 423
Crape I 421-5
Wild I 423. f 1670
Hydrangea 2 181-5
Snouy f iS5<i
Hvehle f 2620
HymcniKallis i 445
Hynieuopappus 3 44,s-()
Hyssop 3 110
../ // / tc f 31 >f)2
Garden '3152
Ciant 3 S»'-5
Hedge 160-3
Prairie 3 112
Water '3271
Wild 3 7u
Hyssop Hedge-nettle
396
lit'land-moss i i8is
-pi'pfiy f i6i)2
Ice-leal 3 143
-plant, Anicr. 2 553
Illinois-nut f 1131
Iinpudenlla uycr f 3236
Indian-apple i \h\ii
-arrow 2 394
-arrow-wood t 2712
-balin f io(7
■hark f 1540
-bean 3 u)9
■heard-ffiass i 221
-black-drink i 23^8
-boys and ff iris i 1669
-bread-root 2 2S4
-cedar i i2ij.'<
-cherry i 1985, 2394
-chickweed i 398
-chief f 282b
-cucumber- root I 4;,i
-cup 3 160; 3 401;)
-currant 2 23')
-doob f 41 K)
■dye f 1544
-?/»» f 1255
-fig a 463
-yi'.ir < 1S16
-grat'cl-root ^3615
Indian-hemp
3 3, f 2430
Black f 2^9*)
White f 2905-6
Indian-f/ifipo I .,SS8
-lettuce 3 550
-mallow 2 422, f 2427
■millet ^318
■ moccasin f ilvSg
■ nio:emi:e i 1975
-paint i 1375. 3048
Indian paint. Red a ii>2
Yellow 51
-paint brush 3 179
■pear, Wild fl9\5
-physic
2 I'P, f I5.!7i '''89
-pine f ii.S
-pink 2 (10s; 3 22
t 1445. 145S. 22.>>'<, 3318
I.NIiIA.N-l'iri; l''AMII.V
2 554
Indian-pipe 555
■pilcliei i iSdi
■plantain 3 473-5
-poke 1 4(jS, f ().S5
•l>osy
3 401. f 2i|iX>, 3S50
■potato f 2227
-piiccoon f 3048
■red -root f 1061
-root 2 501 1
-.sage 3311
■shamrock » 1047
■shoe f 1092
-soap plan.' ( 238(1
-stra:i berry f 1 ^75
-thistle ' f34Si
-tobacco
3 2()0, f 3225. 3.84S
■turmeric f 1544
Indian-turnip i v<i
Thierleated i 870
Indian .•i7V////> f 256<>
Indian's Dieain f 64
Indian's I'luine 3 102
Indigo, Wild 2 2(15-7
False. Bastard, 2 2.'«)
Blue I'ab'c 205
Dual f Falsi' i 2102
I'r.igrant I'alse 2 28<)
Prairie i 2053
IniligO'btooin 2 26'i
-plant 292
- :* eed f 20,5* )
tnfaiil'sbieath i 34m)
Inkberry I 594; a' 391
Shining 3 519
Ink-root 2 594
Innocence 3 156, 212
Insane-root 1 3K
Io(lanthus 2 123
Ipecac, American
a ms, f 2j25
False ' f kS,>S8
Milk f 2321
.Spiin;e. H'hili', f2<25
Wild
2 .177; 3 234, f 2895
Wood 3 234
Iresine i 593
iRi.s I"AMir,v I 447
Iris 451-2
Spi ill!; i 1080
Irish-daisy 3 271
-iiiahoffany i 1223
Iron head 3 492
Iron-weed
3 302-4, 492, f 3059
Devil's 3 274
Iron Wood i 507;
f 1207, 2829
Southern 2 389
Ironwort 3 92, f 3107
Isabella wood 2 96
Isopappns 3 330
Itch-weed f>)«4
Itea a i87
Ivory Plum 2 572, 12798
Ivray I 225
Ivy. American 2413
Ilic^leaved i 2757
Climbing 2 3!<8
Coliseum 3 144
I'ive-fiiijiered f 2410
I'ive-leaf f 2410
Ivy
(".round 3 S7
Keiiihvorth 14)
Poison 2 3SK
Three leaved 3SS
Spoonwood f 27,si)
Ivy -berry i 2775
-bush 2 51 14
chickweed 3 170
-fto:,er f \y,^
■weed 3114
Jack by the hedge 2 115
.jack in thepulpit i 301
tn troupers i 1550
Jack straws 3 207
Jackson-Tine i 3220
Jacob' sladder
i 2370, 3236
American 3 41, f 1050
Jacob'sstaff 3 143
-su-oid I i"77
falap, Cancer f 1415
Wild f2945
Jasmine. Aiiier. f 2944
Hasliiid 1 3220
Carolina 2 005
A'rd f204i
Wild iisTfi
laundiceberiy or -tree
f 1640
■root i 15(4
Jenny Wren t 2240
Jersey Tea 2 407
Jerusalem oak
» 574. < 137.1
■ artichoke 3 429
-sage 91
-star 269
Jessamine f 3220
/Hue i 15.S4
I\'ed f 2943
Hater 1 3275
Yellow 2' (.05
Jesiiit'sbai k f 3580
■ Watii -lint f2t)i2
jEWKi.-wiiEu Family
2 403
Jeirels, Speckled f 23^s
jewel- weed 2 41M-4
Speckled f 238>!
Jew'sharpplanl f I04S
Jew's Far i 3219
Jimson-weed
3 139, f3223
Joan Sih'er-piii i i05«
Job'sleai s f 1011
l/VW 13052
Joe Pye Weed 3 307
Spotted 307
Johnnv-jiiinp f 2X2i>
Johnny-jumper 2 455
Johnny jumi)-up
2 455, f 24.S4, 2492
■sinokei s f 1942
Johnsuoit ^2454
False i 2463
Joint-vetch 2 312
•weed 1 56S; 2 ,501
Jointed Charlock a 121
Jose|)h's-flower 3 2t)9
Jofe's-J'ruit i 1657. 2X31
Joy, American f 2410
Juba's Bush i ,^93
Judas-tree, Amer. a 257
Red i 2033
Juniper 1 59, 60.
f 120, 122, 130. 133
Crcepins f 134
Red f 13,-,
Juniper-bush i 133
■tree i 1 255
June-berry 2 237-9
-//on r >■ f 2505
Juuo's-tears 3 70
Jupiter's-ic<7;vi' 11820
Jupiter's-stalT 3 143
Jussiaea 2 480
Justice weed 3 308-9
Jute. American 3 422
Kale, Corn or I'ield 119
Kalmia 3 V)4, f 27,57
Kedlock I 1700, 1703
Kelt up- weed 13988
Kelp f 1537
h'elpuoil f 1396
Kemps, Kempseed
3 207
Sea 2iK)
Kentucky Mahof;any
t 2043
Keilock f 1701, 1703
Ketmia. Bladder 3 425
Kettle-dock 3 4«J
Kick im; -coll 123.88
-horses f 2388
Kidney-bean, Wild
a 338
Kidney-beau Tree 294
Kidney-root 3 .\"j
-:,ort 11836
A'illcow ' .595
■kid f 2756
-.•rci)7 f l(i<)8
King cups 2 80, f 1545
-devil 3 284
-nut 1 48(1, f 1 154-1156
-of the Meadow f 3615
King'sclover 2 274
-crown 27^
■Line f 2736
■cure-all f 2579
-/'em 1 8
Kinnikiniiik
2 544, 572, 12717
Kinorool, Am. 12239
Kisky- Thomas Nut
f 11,50
Kiss-me ^2511
Kiss-me-Dick i 2337
Kisses f 251 1
Kiiai> 2 276
■bottle f 1443
Knapweed 3 492, t 4080
Knawel a 41
KniQht-cioss f 1457
Knight's-spur 3 ,59
Knit-back 3 67
A'noh-i; rass, -root i 3186
-weed 3 492, f3l86
Kiiot-berry 3 2(k)
Knot-grass I 561; 2 501,
f 229, 524
m'ld's I I V17
Coast i 1340
(lerman 3 41
Knot-root {3186
Knotweed i .5'ii-7
Hi tint; t 1333
Spotted f 1327
Knoiit-bci ry f 1892
Kobresia I 284
Kochia ,581
Koeleria 194
K(miga, Seaside 2 153
Korj-carpus i 196
Kosteletzkya 3 424
Krameria Family
a 261
Krameria 261
Kraut-weed t 1703. 17117
Kyllinga i 247
Labrador f 2742
Labrador Tea a 557
Lace-button i 3823
-ftower f 2632
Lad's Love 3 464
Ladies' -eardrop 12388
■pocket f 2388
Ladies'-slipper
1 457-9, f 2288, 2388
S7a
ENCLIMI INl)i:\, INXI.fDlNC roiTI.AK 1>I,.\NT NAMES. [Vou III.
Loiliri'slifif't I-
lh<U II V i KXi;
I'liik iir I'm fit' ' l"*'i
Lailii »-situifk 3 I .'>
• Horri'l 2 ^6, f .'js>
-tobiicio 3 ,VK). f ,;>'5"
Ladies' Trf-sts i 470 2
l.>uiv-l\yliitGi\le\ i.i'.6
I.aily fi rii i j6
liiiKiTS, glove, 3 171
•'.iiirel .' iii.s
• lliiiiiblf 3 171
l.ady-iie-.ii fadt fv'*.'."
I,ailys-(7(>r'(/' f .'.'^ll
■iipiiib 2 5,11
■I'lisiiioii J 50,=;; 3 v>i
■fiiii^ei s i 2o>'<4. 212:
(lellKlit i 45s
-//il/r f 45 s
/i;c« f 2i|n
liiil i 1(77
inaiiile 2 2js
-milk ^ 4ii'>
iifi't//i:i .>' <• f Ji>_i4
■nixlilcii) 3 2s
■piiise '175-
■s/ims i 1 v>i
■s/iOfsitiul-s/i>ciiiii;s
f 2vS\
-lliimblo 3 25;
lliuiiib I 5>s
Liikru I fit f \',\j,
Lambkill 2 563, f 274S
■/l/lfS f t,('(l
•mint 3 119, f ■,I7(
siR-klinst> 2 27<i
Liliithi i 2,^t<i
Lanib'sivr.u f 17. '5
■fdllt 3 2i*i
•U'ttiice 3 Ji>7, 245-6
iinaitir-; i 570
f 104S, 1 ^7>, ,
-succory 3 20=;
■lull.'! i (16
-totiKue 3 121. 2(17.
f I1112
J.aiul-cii'ss 11711. 1725
I.aiiKilebt-ef 3 207
I.ap-liivf 2ti
Larch i 54
lilac k or Red i 1211
I.areabel 3 422
Lark-heal '2 511
Lii>k'$-clii:i' i i5'>2
Larkspur 2 50-60
A:ine or I>li(f_ i 1564
Gulden ' 1 1562
Nelsdiis 3 5r4
I'laii ii- i 1564
Lavrki. Family 2 g5
Laurel 2 563-4, f 2757
American 2 s»>4
/iljr./iijrU'il/ f275"
/?/«(-A- f 244 I
Deer f 2750
/Joi^ f 27(14
Duarf f 27s6
Great 2 561
I'londa f 2~<?2
C.rouiul 2 571
Hairy 564
Hone f 2750
Lady 2 405
Mountain S64, f 2750
Pale 2 564
Sheep 56;
Small f I5)(). 2757
Spurge 2 465, f 2757
Swamp 48, 564, f 2441
While f 15.(0
Wood f2757
Laurel Magnolia 2 48
Lavender-lhrift 594
La:cyirs i 197,?
Lead pl.uit 2 2>7
I.i.il illp 3 J'"!
l.t.iUiel //mV; t25.\5
llowtr 2 ii«i, f I5>'5
leaf 2 570
Leather wood (oo
.Southern .v**'i
Leavcnwottlii.i 1 \\-s
l.i'a-. ri u luiii f 2i;,^
I.tdum oil 2 s=.7
Lenliwoit 3 .'■■;
Leek, Wild I 41 j
'/'iiiYr-\fcdi'd f iio2
Liiliieiia I ),>>(i
Lemon, Wild 2 .12
Gioiiiid f i'.)o
Lenioii b.ilm 3 11.7
///)' f.KIO
liihiliii f ,^14 I
nion.irda 3 i..;
-:. iiliiHl f 1 150
Lentil 2 (20
//■(//<;• f sss
Li,'/>,iid-fl. •:,,!■ i io>2
l.eopardV bane 3 471
L'.)vt(nhloa I l,"l2
Lesiiiu-rella 2 i \i<
Leltiuc 3 27 ',-0, 2>^
.Arrow leaved 3 271
nine -75 "
Uinker 2 550
K.iUe 3 275, f },i\\
Florida 3 27s
Hare's 2-2
Hairy Wood 274
Indian 2 550
Lamb's 3 245-6
J.r.ei :. oil f 2720
Prick Iv 3 27;
Ked Wood 274
.Sp;inish 2 )
T.dl 3271
Tai; Dine 270
Tall White 2X.S
Western 27?
White 3 2S(). 21)1
Wild 274, f 2720, VSC
Wood 3 274
Leueociiiuim I 411
Leucotlioi.' 2 566-7
Lei-tru ihhI t i2oS, 2535
Lii'oi lie, Aiiiiiunii
f 216?
Willi 2 ;,io:
3 221-2. f 2(liN
Liioruri iti'l i 2Ui,i
Life everlaslinif 3 4i'o
I'raerantor Sweet 401
l.ife-tiiittnii f 3(^51
Lift •>t'-iiiiin
f iSi I. 1975, 2627. 5461)
Li ft- root 3 4'^o
Lil.ic 2 'xHi
Siniimer i i"i)o
Liliaeopsis 2 521 '
L11.Y I'AMII.V I 4Io
Lily I 416. f 1013
.AsaClray's i 41S
.Ataniasco 441
llt-ii:i'r i 1527
r.lack berry i 45-,
llulUiead f 1527
Canada 1 417
Candina 41S
Cliiilon's f 1029
CoilZ-ill f Io)l
Corn 3 26
Cow 2 42. f 1545
I)ay I 4" I
l>oir. //orse, f 1527
Puarf Tiwer f u^^2
Ka'^ler, l-'airy, f 1002
I'icld f ii«i6
I'laii. tJz'i 1; i 1069
Flame i iihjj
Lily
J'log i 1527
Glade f 1003
Great )'illou f 15.U
Gii'UHil t 104^
Ginul'o i 2520
llai :■! <l 1 2115!
I ledRe 3 25
Ihictilebi'i I 1 I 1 003
laineslou 11 f 3222-3
l.niioii i >|i|o
I. ml,- Water i 1526
Mariposa I 422
.lA;i f 1041
M.adou f i,»/,
Xihldim; f ioi<i looS
.\'('iilii I II i 1020
Philadelphia I 410
Pond 2 42-4
I'ltiti le f 10(13, 2520
Rid I 416 17
A'oi <■ f 1559. I5>i
Southern Red 1417
\ II like f lofVi
Spider { <)io
5/>(7HC f 1013
Su aiiifi f 111(12
Sliari- f (fss
lifter I 410. f i<KM
/':, arf i 10S2
Wild f i,«iS
load i 1531
Trinity f 10(6
Trout f loi 2
Turks-cap i 4i,s
■ lit ad f in)8
Walir i sso. 1534
Western Red I 417
/;•/(/,'( f 1046
White Water 2 44-5
ll'ild (li;nii;e f i.r.^
Wild Yellow 1417
Wood
I 416; 2 552, f 1041
Yellow I 417, f loi J
Yellow Pond 2 42-3
Lily bind 3 25
Lii'v 111 run \ AI.LKV
I'VMII.Y I 427
Lilv-oftlitvalky 431
I'alse 431
II lilt i ui2(i, 1034. 272.S
Lime Tree 2414,12111
lilack f 2)11
l.iiiie:iorlrali-/itl\
f ■4.SO
Liniouillo 3 449
Lin 2 3(8, f 2412-13
l.iiii. Winn- i 2(1 1
I.I.VKK.N I'AMIl.Y 2 413
I.iiulin, .-Vuierican 414
Liiin 57.?
Wire 3H3
Lins-berry 5N1
-Rowans 3 2,'<3
l.iini f 2(1 i-i \
lllai'k. ];ilo:i, f 1541
Soiitliri n f 2412
White l24>3
Linseed 2 ^4.>v
Lint 348
l'"airy 351
toady's f 1477
i.int-bells 2 34S
l.in-li i-e f 2411
Lion's-t'i/r f ,?ioS
-foot 2 225; 3 288-90
-heart 3 80-90
-mouth 3 147, 171
-siin/i I 3240
■tail 3 02-3
-tooth 266. 271
Lip-fern i ,^0-31
Lipocarpha 275
Lii/iiidambar i 1880
Liquorice
.St (■ Licorice
Little (;ood 2 379
Lillte-l<ov'.\ Itieeclie's
i \iA)
Little fiotlom i 21^6
,1 aslieru Oman i ^iiSnS
Little wale 3 (14
Live forever 2 105
//■;/,/ f 1812
Live loii(f 2 165
Liver-berry i 1037-H
•leaf 2 (15-6
■lily f ic*9
moss f 1578
Liverwort, Noble 2 (>,5
//<'u>7 1 1578
Threeleaf f 1578
LizAKii's Tail Family
1 4>2
Luard's-tall 482
Ldasa Family 2 458
Lobelia 3 257-61
Bladder pod 2(10
Ilrook 2(x)
Canby's 261
Itowny 2,i9
C.landnl.ir 2,m;
< '.reat 2.58
Kalm's 2(io
Nuttall's 2(il
Pale-spiked 259
Red, .Southern, 25S
Spiked 260
.Swamp, Water. 257
Loco-vetcli, Color.ido
2 309
Loco- weed 2 J09, f 2055
Stemlcss v>9
Woolly bijS
Loeust, Ulack
2 294, f 2o(I
Bristly, or Moss 2 205
Claniniy 205
Green f 2121
ilonev 2 200, 12021-3
I'l'a-jlouer i 2121
Post, or White 1 2121
Ked-Jto:Lerin)r
f 2121-2
Kiz'ef 1 2 10 1
Kose-jlo:i eriiig i 2122
Swam]) 2 it-a
Sweet, Water, 2(ki
Thorn 1 2041
Y'ellow 2 29(. 1204(1
Loeflinnia. Texan 2 38
Llk;.\ma I'.VMILY (K14
Loffgerheads 3 492
London Lace 1 201)
-pride 1 1466. 1471
■lii/l 1 147!
t,o\\^-beai d 1 W4
•moss I 374
Lonit Purples 2 473
l.onirshitcks 1 118
LoosK.sTKii'E Family
2 463
Loosestrife
lUilbbcaring 5SS
Creepinsr 589
False 2 476, 1 255S
Fringed 3 589
(".olden 587
Hy.ssop 471
Kennedy's 472
Lance-leaved 500
Linearleaved 472. 591
Pnriile 2 473
Southern 590
Spiked 47^
Spotted 588
Swamp 471
TrailinjT 590
Tufted 591
i^
[Vou. III.
Vor,. III.] I-NOMSM INI)i:X, INM.UDINi; I'olTI.AR I'LANT N.WIKS.
573
il
ice
a ,179
f i(i(V>
til i a^'Ji
omaii i .iw,i
3 h^
i i8i2
J 165
)' f 10.17-H
3 6,s-6
f K169
Noble 2 (15
All. I'AMU.Y
1 4SJ
4!*-'
Mll.Y 2 ^.SS
3 257-c'
1>0(1 2tlO
260
261
2,=i<)
ir 259
2.S8
21 10
i 2ti|
kc<l 250
itln.111, 25S
260
Wall r. 257
1, Culiirado
2309
.1 2 3>i9, I 2055
,V<)
29S
lack
2 204, f 211(1
r Mdss 2 jiis
y 2115
f 2121
2 2(10, f 2021-3
cer f 2121
//■////(• f 2121
he 1 1 III!'
f 2121-2
f 2101
i.Ttv/;/.!,'' f 2122
2 2(X)
Water, 2(10
f 2cMI
2 2g}, f 21146
X. Texan 2 38
I'AMll.V 604
ads 3 402
Liiif f 2CIO
i 1466. 1471
f 147!
; .f f (104
1 374
plis 2 473
r*.t f 1 1 8
HIKE I'AMII.V
2 463
fe
.ariiig 5S8
IS , 5^9
2 476, t 2558
1 2 5^9
5S7
> 471
[ly'» 472
leaved 5Q«5
leaved 472, 591
2 47?
rn 590
47,?
1 5S8
> 47t
t? 590
591
I.nilHestrifc
Ulioiled J .«i«.«l
Vcll.Av ,sH7
WiiiK alibied 472
I.mIiis, .Ameiic.in 2 45
lluiuy 273
liidiiii |fi
I.opliiola I 4)»i
I.(i|iluitiicaiini'* >7
I.i)rsi:i:ii 1'amii.v 3 2iis
I,i)li«ced 211.S
Lotus tree f 2S31
l..uisihci i-\ liee f 236>
I.ini^euiirt 3 i,S4-(>, 3303
Marsh, Swam)) 3 1S5
Li'Vajfe, SCdtL'h 2 .SKi
Love-apple 3 1 ;7
-jtr.iss I n7
■ ttlldlli^lfd f 1^13
ill iiiiiciiii f I><i6
-/*( :, iiilir f 2736
• ill idleness 3 I5,s
I.ovemaii 3 220
I.uve-ine ''i
J.oiris riiJ, f 1327
Love roses f 3433
I.ovevine
3 30, f I5S2, 2t)6t)
/.ore's test f3S|8
Lucerne 2 271-2
I.udwiKia 477-4
I.iidwiKiaiUlia 477
Lungwort 3 .vj-'w
/liit/oit.s f 3229
Cows 3 143
French, (ioldeii, 2>3
Sea -,>)
Smooth f3n34-^
Tree 3 (...
I.nijine 2 ^i*\--o
I'l reniiial t 2)57
I.iisloorl i 18..3
I.yclniiH, Arctic 2 15
i:\eninK 13
Nodiliiig 13
Scarlet 14
I.ynodesniia 3 276-7
Lyie-liee f 13)2
Jiacounastnim i ,542
.'ifaddpple f 32:'2
MADllKK I'AMII.V 3 21 1
Madder 219
llhu- rield 2211
Wild 3 219, f ?t23
Jl/cui-doir lleed
f li'S 3"75
Madderwoii. 3 212. 464
Miulnep 2 514
Madweed 3 71)
J\/(id ll'oiiiaii's J/ili,
f 23,12
JIadwort
2 I,S2, f 1733, I7S.'^
Cennan 3 61
Ma golly Ilov lieaii
f 2033
Magnolia I'amu.v
2 47
Magnolia, I'raser'.s 47
Great-leaved 47
I.anrel 4'<
Mountain 4>
Sii/a/l,i>:taiii/>, f 1,540
Mahaleb 2 252
Utahoi^aiiy, Irish i 1223
False f i()52
Keiitiickv f 2043
Moil II tain f 1215
Mahonia, Trailing 2 90
Maidenhair; see l-"erii .
I 27, f 1940, 2798
Afaideii's-lears i 1443
Maid's Hair 3 2H)
Afaise f Mi>A
Maize Thorn 3 403
Malicothrix 3 .70
.Ifa/iee f 241'!
Mam.ciW I'AMII.V i 415
Mallow
liristly fruited \i\
C minioii 2 (I'l, f .'(111
( '.nnitry ( 2{I5 I'l
Curled 2 417
Dwarf 4 If)
luiiopeau 417
l''a!«e |.vi-i
(dade 4J..
('dol)e 2 42;; 3 519
IIlKh 2 ||o
liidMil 422
I.ow 410
Mar-li 415
Mu^k 417
I'oppy 2 (i'*'9
Kose 424-5
RuuuitiK 11')
.S:.aiN/' f24U
\'euice 2 425
/'(■; lain i 2|ii)
\'irniiiia 2 122
Hater f 2tU
Wluirleil 2 117
Afal/o:. s, JUiie t 2(1''
/■a/se f 2427
f lid tan t 2(27
.Wa/teu Cross i 14:57
Mandrake, Wild
2 92, f 2010
Manisuris i luo
Manila ^;t■ass
« 211-13; 3 ,505
.Tfaiiiia, Poland i 4111
Mail of the earth 3 23
.1/(1// root f 20(5. 294"'
Man's Molliei :ti>i t
f 23..(
MAI'I.E TaMILV 2 31)6
Majile 2 397-400
.\sh leave d 4ui
Ji'aik i 2377
Hird'-'-eye 2 V)S
//•/,),'.■ f 2375-6
lilack SuK'ar 2 ,',u"-
Creek f 2?72
Curled 2 V^
Cut /eared i 2,;^m
nruinmond's 2 30'^
l>uarf 3I/I
C.oii-.e-foot 3<)9
J/ard f 2373-6
/."-■' { 2379
.Ifoitse f 2370
Mountain 2 vxi
Xortliero f 237^
Nornav 2 .(ihj
Red ■ 3)7
Jiedi irer f 2372 ::3Sii
Rirer f .•372
Rock 2 39,S
Rockv Mountain 3<i<)
Scarlet 307
Slioe/iei; f2?73
Shriilihy f 2,;77
Silver 2 3g7
Siliri-leaf i 2^72
Soft
2 3<)7, f 2373, 2377
Strii)ed 2 3119
Sugar 39.S, 4(X)
Swamp
2 397. f 2372, 2379
' ' pcamore 2 400
'■ IVater
2 397, f 2372. 2379
White 397, f 2373
Afarblcjiouer f 165^
^^al■ell i 2687-8
Arard/hii; f SS8
Mares-tail 2 501, f 84
Marigold
M.innolil
I'etid
Mai-h
Ravless
W.itel
ll'lol
3 \'<\
2 M 2
3 4.1^
440
< V1o,S
M.irip irtii I.ily t 422
Marjoram, I'ot 3111
Wild MI
Afaikif 1 2353
.l/<i>/- ■. <rd 1 2353
A/ai :<< I ly f I37<i
Marl gras- 2 277, f 2073
Marram I l»i<)
^(lI ;'r(7.i; f J.V)
>'.irrul)e 3 >(
Mai>li Vf/.V f I3'i
-l>ei I X i 3-<n
-(/"•■('<• f 2SS9
-elder 3 392-4
-flcHwort 3 481
■tire 'inner i 1037
■ lleahaiie 3 3i>''-7
letid i 3X39
Spicy 3 yp
M.ix>\\-i;eiiliaii
i 2875. 2.8.80
■fiilliflo:,er f 1458
■;jiass I 175. 177
-ho.irhouud 3 ii"l
-holyidse 3 ^>>s
-lousevvoit 3 185
-mallow 2 415
■ marigold 51-2
-milknort 357
-parsley 2 533-4
i)LMiiiywort 5.19-41
-pestle i 136
-pink 2 611-12
-IV 1.1/ f 2827
-rosemary 2 5o(, {2767
-satnphiic l 5S2
-tea 2 557
-trefoil Iij2
■ tnrnifis i s-(i
■ rule I lan i ^(7 j
-reed 'i^o
.M.irslialli.i 3 44-,
Mav-hh.cks, Purple
2 217
Marshwoit 5M
M.\ksii,i;a TAiiiU-V
I 33
Marsilea 33-4
Maiiinoe *, 13*^9
Marvel 3 ,^^4
Masterwort
2 514, 5,19. f 26,16
Imperial f 2643
Matfelon 3 4(12
Mather 4^5
Matrimony vine
" 3 13-. f 1740
Mat weed \ i6'i
Maul 2 416
Mau -seed t ifi^s
May 2 241
May-apple 92
-blot) 51
■h/ossotns i 1041
-bush 2 241
-cherry 237
Mayllower 2 571, f 14211,
'5''Q. 1576. 1578-81,
1724, 1M3. 2743
May-gowan 3 350
.Uaj'-^rass i 459
.\faylily f 1041
-fiear i 1985
-pops 2 457
-rose 3 230
-star 12822
-:ciiigs f 2288
Mayaca Family i 367
Mayaca 368
M.iyweed 3 455
Corn 43<)
Mead sweet 2 224
Mi.MMiw 1Ii:aitv
I'AMII.V 3 473
Meadow l>eauty 474 5
.tfead,':, bonis t 1515
-eai'/hige f8S|
-/("/// ( tiV), ll6j
/'/('.( f 1159
gow.iu 3 51
Meadow grass
I 201-7, 21215
Annual i 2iM
Arctic 215
I'lat stemmed 202
I'owl I 20s, f 468, 4SS
('.rove 1 207
I'rairie 201
Koinid stalked f 46,8
Reed I 312
Roughish 204
h'oiii;li-^lalked i 468
Sliorf. it, liked f 421)
Slendei I 215
Spreading 214
Wavy 203
Wood 305
Afeado:. nuts i 11)37
Meadow jiarsiiip 2 5i,><
ICarly, Coklell, 534
Meadow pink 2 1 (,
full, 1470, 3747
-queen 2 224
Meadow rue S6-.8
Fall i 1038
Slender f 1633
Tall 2 8s, f 1637
U'ax-leared f 16^7
ll'ind/lo:,er f 15I0
Meadow sc.d)ish 3 367
Meadow-sweet
2 224, f ISS4, 18.S8
American 3 196
ISireli ieaied f l8,Ss
M'adow wort 3 324
M.akiii f 21)17
Meal berry 2 572
pi II in f 2776
Meah Star:, oil t 1023
Mealy T'c 3 23"!
Media Meek 23
Afeelioaeanna t 2045
Afedaddi -hush i 3465
Medic 2 271-3
lilack or Hop 272
I'nrple 272
Toothed 272
Spotted 373
Medlar 2 237
Meehania 3 86
jreeting-lioiisei i I5,5>)
Melami)odiuni 3 406
Melantliium i 407
Melilot 2 275-4
Melilot-trefoil 27J
Afelinol-t'eiries f 131
Mentzelia 3 458-9
Menziesia 562
Mercury, lilack f 2353
/Ciiglisti i 1370
Scotch 3 171
Three-seeded 2 565-6
Afereiiry-o eed i 229H
Mermaid-weed 2 502
Merry, lUaek Merry
i 2021
Mesquite, Prairie 3 516
( See Grass 1
Mexican-poppy 3 loi
-tea I 575
Afe.vico-seed f 2304
Mezerkon Family "
3 465
Mezereou 465
574
ENCiLISII INDEX, INCU'DINC, I'OITLAR PLANT NAMES. [Vol.. nI.
Mezereon
Aiiurniin t 25.^s
Rlicriititlieiuum 3 i'i(
Mi(lsi:iiimer-iiKn 2 ifvs
MiGNONKiTic Family
2 I.s8
MiKnoiutte 2 15S-9
Mi
Mik
5.?.i
Milfoil
3 45.S
Water 2 S03-5,
f i(.2r.
Milk Rowiin
3 271
crass
, '^^
-i/>i\<i(-
;f 2. -,2:
-maids
*I7 4
-pea 3
^^f, "
-purslane 2 ^7',
f 2;,2i
Milk-vetcli 2 2
97-.V17
Alpine-
.V'l
Arctic
,^04
Ascending
21 K^
Hent
,<' '.<
Canadian
f 2 1 .^O
Carolina
2 2(1'^
Cooper's
,(".S
Drunimonil's
2lW
]'"lexile
,l02
Hoary
M'7
Indian
^"^
Long-leaved
,;<i5
Loose-flowered
;\os
Low
301
Missouri
301
Narrow-leaved
;<K)
Notched leaved ,\'i2
Platte
21)7
Prettv
.V'\
Prickly
.i'i*''
Purple
299
Racemose
,?oo
Kobbins'
yn
Sessile tlowere
1 ,V)(>
Short's
,^01
Slender
.V'2
Tennessee
2Ct.S
Tufted
.^■■6
Two-grooved
300
MiLKWEKi) Family
3 4
Milkweed 3 5-15, 272,
f 2;,I4, 2321, ,v-45
Auricled
3 15
Bedstr.iw
52"
Blunt-leaved
,s
Broad-leaved
s
Common
Hi
Creepini;
f 29111
Decumbent
3 l.^
i 2917
3 6
D-aayf
Few-flowered
Florida
I,S
Four-leaved
111
(ireen
14
Hairy
-
Low
12
Marsh
* X"5
Mead's
3 9
Narrow-leaved
14
Oblong-leaved
1,?
Oval-leaved
II
Poke
9
Purple
7
Red
6
Jiuniiing-
* 2933
Sand
3 1'
Short-crowned
II
Showy
10
Sullivant's
8
Swamp
7
Tall
9
Thin-leaved
12
Trumpet
274
Wanden'iiQ'
f 2S9.S
White
3 9
Whorled
12
Woolly
15
Milkweed
) I llou- f 290(1
Mii.KwoKT Family
2 .^ss-f"
Milkwort, />'///<■/ f z^X-
Cross-leaved 2 357
Curliss' (SO
Duaif f 22NS
I'ield 2 3SH
I'ringed 3(11
Loose-spiked (S'-'
Low I'iuebarren 3,s('
Marsh 357
Maryland 359
Nultall's 339
Orange 3,S«>
Pink 2 35S, f 22M7
I'urple 2 3^8
Racemed 360
Sea 5(|2
Short-leaved 337
Tall Pine barren 35(1
Wiiite 3hii
Whorled \s-
Yillo-.v f2'275
Milky Tassel 3 272
Millet 1 iiii, 123, 127, 141
UtiHiin-ciH II f 272
Cal-lail i 2.S3
Doited I I 111
Kiiyplian i 223
Oei man, Golden
f 2S3
Hiiii!;arian f 283
Indian *3i8
Italian I 127
Tall Ml
U'liile f 2ii()S
i'illo:v f 2069
MiU-iiwuntain i 2ihii
Mimosa Family 2 234
Mimosa 23s
Mingwort 3 4(14
Minnie Hiisli i 2732
Mint 1''amilv 3 74
Mint
,\mericau Wild 3 122
Apple 120
Halm 3 1117, f 3181
Hergamot 3119
Brandy 119
Hrook 1 20
lirown 110
Cat S6
Corn 121
Creeping Wlmrkd
3 122
Crispedleaved 121
Cross 121
Cii'led 121
Dog ^,j'46
Downy Whorled 3 122
Field 3 121
F'isli 120-1
(iarden 119
Horse 3 io(, 116. 120,
<3i.y. 3139
Eiitopean 13177
Oil in t 3 1 39
Lamb 3 119, f 3174
Mackerel 3 j 19
Marsh Whorled 122
Mountain
3 102, 109, II 1-5
Our Lady's 3 iiq
Patagonia ^3178
Pepper 3 119
Round-leaved 120
Spear 3 iiy, f 3183-4
Squaw 3 106
Stone 116
Water ijo-i
W'horled 122
Wild 3 120, 122
Woolly 120
.'iHssii'ii'iry-ueed f 35()4
Mne-bhihs f 1543
.!//(/ i 1464
Mist flower 3 313
MistL!;tui: F'amii.y
1 53 »
Mistletoe I 335; 2 5>hS
Misseymoosev i 1^75
Milreworl 2 iSo, 181, (riO
I'alse 2 178
Moe isin Flower 1 437
)V/A'., f 1002
Mock-apple 3 231
-Bishops-weed 2 53S
Moek orange 2 i^s-O.
f 2S20, 2S36. 31S7
-uillow i iS,S<
Mocker nut i 486
Modesty 2 529, f 2437
Moeliringia 2 3^
Moliau k-ueed i <.f<(,
Mi'Idai'ian Ilaliii {31.07
Mole i)laiit, tree 2 377
Moliiiia I 1S7
Monarda 3 104
Moiie\'-!;yas! 1 33.',i)
plant f 1740
Monevwort 2 389
Prairie 301
Monkey flower 3 137-8
Monkfv-niit Trcct 241 1
Monkey's I'ace 2 43s
Monk's. head 3 271
Monkshood 2 61, f 1669
'/'railing f 156S
Monk's A'/uibarh f 130(5
Monniera 3 i6ii-i
Monolepis 1 377
Monlia 2 4
Moon /crii I 3
Moon-flower
3 457, f 28?9
Moon-fiiiit Ptni: 189
Moon penny 3 457
MouNSEKli 1''AMIL\'
2 9.^
Moonseed 04
Red-'orrried f 1648
Moonshine 34011, f 3831
Moonwort I 3
Cut Uaved 3 494
Moor 2 573
Moor-berry 381
■grass f 9(19, 1803
Moorwort 2 568
Afoose-tmsli. berrv
f 34,n
Moose- Ivlr.i i 325
-iiiisse f 197s
-wood 2 399, 466
Mo I a ss-:ceed '1536
Morel 3 131
Petif i 2027
Morgan -. 435
Dutch 437
Morgeliue 170
Afonuon-u ef(/ f 2430
MoRNINl, (ILORV
I'AMILV V, 19
Morning glory 3 .'2-24
Bush 24
nuarf f2953
Ivy leaved 3 24
Pink 23
Red 22
White 23
White Star f 2946
Atorocco, Kcd f 1669
Afortifuation-rool
f 2414
MosciiATEL Family
3 242
Mosehatel 243
Afoss, Black 1 904
Club I 40-43
Moss
Cypress f 94
Thiar/Cliib f 09
Fir i 83
I'lorida I 374
I'lowering
2 5S;,; f 1817, 2979
( ".olden 2 166
ilroiind t 2494
Haiii;inii f 004
Iceland f 1818
//•/.(// f 2337
A'rntncil' i 1437
Long ' 1 374
Jfonntain f 100, 1813
Pixie f 2803
Pricklr Club f 100
Pock- ' f 1817
Pose i 1437
Panning, Snake, i 96
Spanish f ()o4
Stain's Horn i 96
Tall i 181 ?
Tree f 88, 2337
Moss-berry 2 581
-bush f 2761
-campion 2 S
-crop f 638, 643
-locust 2 293
-'(//'//('« (melon) f 2799
-phlox 3 36
-pink 3 36, I 14-to
-plant 2 363
-rose f 2426
Mossy Stonecrop 2 166
Mother-of-thousands
3 144
-of-tliyme 3 109, 113
•of wheat 3 170
Mothers-heart 2 139
Motherwort
3 93, 466, f 3613
Golden 3 403
Hoarhound 93
Man's i 2304
Siberian 3 03
Mountain Ash 2 233
plderleazvd f 1976
5Iountain-joy 3 110
-laurel 2 564, f 2750
-mahogany f 1215
Mountain-mint
3 102, 109
.\wned 3 113
Basil 113
Hairy Iia
Hoary 1 14
Hyssop 113
Narrow-leaved iii
Sliort-toothed 113
Southern 114
Thin-leaved 115
Torrey's 112
Virginia H2
White-leaved 114
M(miitain- ;■/(■<• i 139-40
■snou' i 2322
■s:ccet f 2396
-tea 2 372
Jlouse-ear 3 61-2, 402.
521, f i486
Spring 2 23
Virginia f ,3023
-chickweed 2 25-28
Water 20
Afoiise-ears f 1578
Mouse-ear Cress 2 146
Mouse-milk 379
Mouse-tail 2 71, f 336
/kittle f 1593
Afoiise-lhorii i 4080
Afouth-root i 1351
Afoxie-berry i 2798
Afuckueed f 159, 1339
Mud-flower 3 163
Vol. III.] ENC.LISH INDEX, INCLl'DINC. rOI'UL.^R I'L.VNT NAMES.
575
f 94
lib fQ9
f SS
1 374
f 1817, 2970
2 166
f 2494
f 904
f 1818
* 2,1S7
^ 1437
1 374
t f Kio, i8n
f 2803
7ii/> f 100
fi8,7
f 1437
, Siiair, i 96
f <P4
i;« f 96
f 1813
f?8, 2337
2 5S1
12761
2 8
* 63S, 643
2 295
iielon)f 2799
3 3(i
3 .36, f i44<5
2 565
f 2426
ccrop 2 166
liousands
3 144
■ 3 ":'9. n.'i
3 17"
-art 2 139
t
(, 466, f 36 1 5
3 4'>3
tid 93
f 2304
3 03
Vsh 2 233
rtra' f 1976
oy 3 no
2 564. t 2750
»/i' f 1 215
iiint
3 1112, loq
3 113
113
112
114
113
eaved 1 1 1
)tlieil ii,S
I "4
red 115
112
112
iived 1 14
riiC I 139-40
i 2322
f 2396
2 ,S72
3 61-2. 402.
521, f t4S6
2 25
a i 3023
■ed 2 25-28
20
.f i 1578
Cress 2 146
k 370
2 71. < .336
t 1593
rii f 4080
'/ i 1.S51
-»^' f 2798
f f 159. '3.S9
:r 3 163
Mud-]ilantain i 3Sn
-purslane 2 437
■weed, or -wort 3 i(>5
MuKget, Mugwet. 227
Mugwort 3 464-7
Coninion 466
Cudweed 4(17
Kansas 4(16
Long-leaved 467
I'rairie 467
.Saw-leaf 467
Western 467
MiililenberKia i 142-6
MDLIIICKKV I'AMII.V
1 ,S27
JInll)erry i 52S-9,
f 1237. 1S90, i^9J, iSu7
Heriiiiiila f 3068
I'"rencli 3" 74
O/a/ui/e f 1260
Mullen 3 143-4
Siii^f-tfit/ 13105
Mullen-pink 2 16, f 14^8
^rllU■ i 241 s
II 'ild f 2249
Mtisk crowfoot 3 243
-flower 159
-plant 3 139, f 2418
-root 3 243
Miislcral-:tiitl 11638
Mustiuasli-root 2 336
-pitison i 2691
-ured i 1638
Musineon 2 527
MUSTAKl) I'a.mily
2 iu8
Mustard
Ji'iii/ i 1754
Jilack 2 nS, f 1707
Ca/i/orniii t 1696
Dish i 1692
False i 1796
Garlie 2 115
Hedge 2 116, 144
Indian n.'<
Mitliridate 111
Oiaiiiie f 1786
Poor Mail's f i(>95
Tansy 2 145
Tower 150
Treacle 2 151; 3 515
White 2 117
Wild 119
Wormsecd 151
Myagruin 2 139; 3 514
.1/t' Lady's licit i I9,S4
Afyriadleaf i 2618
Myrtle 3 2
'/iofr f 1159, 2889
lUirren (not "Bar-
ren ") 2 572, f 1159
Caiidlfbci ly f 1160
Diitcli. Moor, i 1159
Running 3 2
Sand 2 562
Sued f8S^
.Vyr lie-flag- v 883
-grass, -sedge. t 883
Mj'slerioiisJ'laiil i 2534
Naias i 80-81
Nailwort
2 39. f 1755. "7fio
Naked-weed 3 270
Nama 3 49-50
Nanny-berry
3 232. f 3443. 344,S
■bush 3 232
-plum f34i4
Nap-at-noon
3 269, f 1019
A'ape f 1704
Napoleons 2 176
A'aliiral-grass 1 2065
Naliire's-iiiintake i 2712
Navarrctia 3 42
Xaz'elhiirl i2ii\~. 2703
Navtw, Wild 2 1 m
Necklace-poplar 1 493
iVetilace-need 1 1555
Neck weed 3 169, f 1262
Needle-chervil 2 531
-and till eud f 1027
A'eedle'it oil, Oiii'cii's
~ i 1883
iVeele f 522
Xegro-viiie ' 2933
Nehinibo. Amer. 2 45
Nemastylis i 452
Neniopliila 3 45
Nep ^6
.\er:r-rool i 11189-90
II alt r t 21105
Neslia 2 140
jVesl-ivol i 2739
Nestronia 3 513
NKTTI.E I'AMILV 1 530
Nettle I 531-4
lice 3 1)5
lUiiid 3 ii2, 95
Jill 1 1 f32i3
Jill riling f 1265
Canada i 1267
Hay 3 94-5
Dead, Dog, Dumb,
3 92-4
Deaf .,4-5
Huaif fij65
I'alse I 534
J'lou (ring f 31 117
I'rench 3 94
C.reat i 531
Hemp 3 92
Horse 135
Slender i 531
Small I 5 '2
Spurge 2 3(19
Stinging
I 53'; 3 92. * '265
St i Hi; less i 1268
Tall Wild f 1264
Weak I 532
Wood 5V^
Set lie- potato f 23116
Nettle-tree, Amer. I 526
JVetnui t f 1 132
New Jersey Tea 2 4117
.Xicnar-trec i 2043
Nigger-head
3 416, f 1054
JVigger-Tceed f 3615
Nightshade 3 137
American » 1415
Beaked 3 136
Hlack 134
Hindweed 2 499
Cut-leaved 3 135
Enchanter's 2 49(1-500
Fetid 3 13S
Ciarden 134
Melon-leaved 136
Silver-leaved 135
Three-leaved
1 435, f 1043
Torrey's 3 136
Woody 137
Nimble Kate 252
Ninebatk 2 195
yinety-kiiot i 1337
Nipple-wort 3 262
Dwarf 265
' Nohle-pinc i 2736
Nit-weed 2 436
Noah's Ark
I 457, f I(K12
Nondo 2 519
None-so-pretty
3 41X), f 1450, 2511
Nonesuch 2 272, f 1457
Jilack i 2065
iriiile f52i
Noon-flower 3 269
Noontide 269
Nosebleed 3 455, f 1047
Notholac-na i 32
A' II Its ^3393
JVnrsc-garden i 1982
Nut-grass i 240-1, f 565
Nut-rush I 2M-3
Niiltall's-uced i 3927
Nyctelea 3 45
Oak I 516-23
Uarren i 518, f 1234-6
Uartram 1 519
Hasket S22
He.ir 518
/.'///(•;• f 1 2 u
lilack
I 517, f 122S. 1231
D:iai/ fi234
I'.lack-Jack
1 518, f 1236
Jilack-Scriib 1 1234
JJliic i 1243
Jio.r 11 '/lite f 1241
Ilrasli f 1241
Bur I 521
Cliaiiipion f 1228
Chestnut I 522-3
J)uar/ fi248
Suanip f 1 546
)/•////(■ fi246
)'ello:f i 1247
Chinkapin
I 523, f 1247
Cow I 522
Duck i 1236
Jtyei's i 1237
Golden f 3307
J Jolly f 1 234
Iron I 520. f 1235
Jack f 1239, 1235
Jerusalem
I 574, * 1373
Laurel 519. f 1239
l.ca f 1239, note
Live I 523
]Mossy-cup 521
Mountain f 1246
Over-cup 1 521. f 1243
J'eacli fi237
Pill 1 S16. f 1247
rui-J-on 2 388
I'ossinn i 1236
Post I 520-1
Punk 11236
Quercitron x 517
Red I 516, f 1231, :233
J\'ock i 1246
Rock Chestnut i 522
Hough, Rouglt uliile
i 1241
Riinninq: ll'liile
i 1248
Sand /lick i 1237
Scarlet i 517
Scrub I 518.
f 1243, 1247
Scrub-Chestnut i 523
.Shingle 520
Shrub i 1247
Spanish
I 518, f 122S, 1231
Spanish Water {1253
Spotted
f 1232, 1230, 1236
Slave i 1240
Swamp I 516, 521,
f 1 238, 1 244
■chestnut f 1*45
Spanish i 1229
-white 1 521
-post f 1242
Tan-bark i 1246
Texan Red I 517
Turkey i 1233, 1241
Oak
Water
I 519. f 1229, 123S
Water U'hite f 1242
White I 520-1, f 1241
Afussy-cup f 1243
Willow I 519, f 1238
Yellow I 522
■chestnut f 1247
}'ello:i'-bark f 1232
Oak-fern 1 19
Oat I 172-3
l''alse 171
Uai'er, or Poor i 395
Purple 1 172
.Sea, or Seaside 198
Smith's 172
Wild 1 173, f 986-8
Oat-grass i 138, 17?
Black 138
Jloziiiy f ,^90
False f 396
Golden i 391
Tall i 396
Obedient-plant 3 89
Ohio Cucunia i 1544
Oil-nut I 4S4, 537
Oilplant t 2304
-seed Siberian i 1753
Olcolt-rool f 131 1
Old Goose f 1089
Old Maid's Bonnets
2 269
-nigh/caps f 2239
-pink 2 18, f 1438, 1450
Oldenlandia 3 215
Old J^ield-siveet f 3800
Old Ladies' Clothes-
pins f 3944
Old Man 3 464
Old Man's-beard 2 61)3
■Jlanncl f 3229
-;■()()/ f 2627
Oleander, Wild i 2544
Odcaster Family
2 466
Oleaster-tree
Wild f 2537-8
Olive I'amily 2 6(x)
Olive, Spurge 465
Olive-tree
Wild 12537-8,2833
One-be rrv i 1255, 3404
One-blade f 103.4
One-leaf f 1034
Onion, Wild 1 413-1";
Jlog i 8, 876
Shore i 993
Oonopsis 3 327
Open Goztan i J545
Opium, Wild 3 274
Opossum-tree f i8So
Opuntia 2 464-5
Orache 1 578-9
Orange, Spring i 2834
Wild 2 506, f 2270
■ blossom f 1047
Orange-Jlozrer Tree
f 1863
Orange-grass 2 436
Orange-root 2 50; 35
Climbing f 2370
Orchid Family i 456
Orchis I 459-66
Bog I 461, 462
Jjracled Green f 1103
Crane-fly 1 480
Crested Yellow 464
Diuarf f 1098
Feather-leaved f 1108
Fen I 477
Flaming f 1112
Fringeless Purple
I 466
Gay f 1094
576
ENGLISH INDEX, INCLLlJlNC. I'Ori-LAR PLANT NAMES. [Vol. III.
i
Orchis
lit en/ Ptir/'/t' f 1113
(innnsli f 1 105
t'.rttii \Vo(i(l I 4t)i
■/') iiiiifit f iux)-iii
Cii t-en Rein f 1105
HoDkers i 4'u
11,'at-atl i nxitj
Leafy C.rcen i V'~
LoiiK I'racli-d 46,1
Miijilou I'iiik f IIII
Noillicrn Bog 461
-f;rtin f iidh
-uliile f iioi
OiieUaved f iCKiS
I'iiik F)i>ii;cd f 1112
Prairie Wlutefriiigtd
Pmiclnriii-llu-
Piiljnl f 109 (
I'll I flit- i 1004
I'm pU'-f ringed i 4()()
Early f 1111
RaKKcti I 4'>5
■/riiii^cii i lli)f)
/"«■/« ' f llcll
CillYll f Ilci,S
Roiitid leaved i 461
Small 4(X)
Showy 1 459
Small I'ale C.recii 4(14
■ luii-leai'ed f 1097
Southern White 462
Yellow I 41)3
.Sfriiii; f 10Q4
Tall While Hog i 402
Talle>vd-/i higci mi
Tlirei-loolhed fiuvj
Tubercled i 404
■n< o4i\ivcd
l.aii^c f liii/i
Siiitill i io<)7
While frinjred i 405
Yellow-fringed 404
)•,//.'.•.■ fllci5
Oregon-,i,'';(7/>f f 1042
-tobaeco 3 244
Oreocarya 5S-9
Organs, Organy 1 1 1
OKl'INH 1".\MILV 2 Ifl?
tJrpine, .American ifi.s
iiaideii f iSii
Orthocarpus 3 :,»;i
Oryzopsis i 141
Osaffi- f 1259
(.)sage orange i 529
-(//</>/(• f 1 259
Osier i 496-,';oi
I'diiliiinii f I IQ4
Ciolden i 49'i, f li.=;9
fiireii f 2713. 2720
/?(■</ "f2-i4
Slai;\i-head f 1177
I'eizrl i 1 194
Jl'liile f 2766
Ostrich fern i 9
Oswego Tea 3 102, f 31,33
Onr Lady's mint 3 119
■ hfdslra;,- f 34oS
-thistle 3 493, f 4074
Ouler fi223
Owl's Crown 3 393, 403
Oxadoddy i 3299
Oxalis ' 2 3'45-7
Ox-halm 13186
Ox-eye 3 412-13. 450
('.real White 3 4,57
Sea 421
Ox-eye Daisy 3 416. 457
Oxford-weed 3 144
Oxtongue, Bristly 267
Ox-wort 470
Oxypolis 2 513
Oxytrope 2 307 -g
Hilveiy I2161
( )yster-i)lant 3 ,S9, 269
-root 269
I'addook ))ipes
2 501, f So, ,82
Padelian 2 225
Pdimhi iisli i 24i<>
Paiiit-iool f U161
I'ainted Cup 3 170-^0
I'al,- t 3t2i
Palm.i Chrisli 2368
I'ahyu ill : f 1543
Panicum. l'anir-,i;rass.
Agrostis lik.' i 113
Aineric.m 3 499
Atlantic 500
Barlieil i 120
Beaked 113
liiekneU's 3 S'M
Itil'tr f 271
Hl.i.it 1 114
Bntto'i's 3 497
DilTuse I 124
Katon's 3 499
I'lalStciutncd i 24.1
('•aping 1 114
Ciihbnns 125
Hairy 121
llairy-panicled 3 49H
Hemlock 4111)
Hispid I iiS
Large fruited 117
Lax-flowered 119
Lieberg's 3 497
Linear-leaved 5cio
Long I 115
Long-leaved IK)
A.iD.w f 243
Narrow I 114
Narrow leaved 122
Nash's 3 407
Nerved 501
Noithcrn i iii)
Porter's 117
Ked-tof, f 240
Rigid 3 soc)
Round fruited i no
Scribner's iis
Sea Ixacli ijj
Sliiiiing 120
Short-leaxcd 3 4q9
Slender 1 iiS
.Small ( 260
Small fruited i 116
Siihagiuim 3 40^
Si)reading i 123
Starved 121
Tall Smooth 122
Variable 117
Velvety 121
Warty 1 25
Werners 3 51 n
Wilcox's 1 119
Wiry l.>4
Wood 1 24
Woolly 3 4i>><
Pansy 2 453, t 2492
Papaw, North Am. 2 49
Paper-mulberry 1 329
Papoose-root 2 01
Paradise-plant 463
i'urji;i(ay ( /i;/.s^) f 3442
Pari'lla.'}c-'llo:f (1649
Parosela 2 2S7-8
Low 3 517
Parsley 2 516-17
Beaked 328
Common 333
Dog's 320
False, Fools 320
Oarden 333
Hemlock 512
Marsh 53?-4
I'oisoii 12684
Sand 2 325
Sea 319
Parsley
Sfynlled f 2684
ll'ild i 26110
Parsley-breakstone 223
-pierl 2 223, f 1324
-vlix 2 223
Parsnip 2 314. f 2632
Cow 2 314
Meadow 334
Water 2 3;2, 338
Wild 314. f 2083, 261)4
Parlheninm 3 41 1
Auricle<l 321
Partridge-berry
2 372; 3 216
M'luiitaiii 1279'^
Partridge pea 2 258
-vine 3 210
Pasiialum i 105
CiliateUaved 107
Crab-grass kkj
Field loS
Flat loo
I'lorida 118
Joint-grass 106
Long-stalked 108
Slender 107
Tall 107
Walter's 106
Water 1 06
Pasipie llowei 2 67
I'.\ssi(1N-h'l.(i\vi;R
l'.\Mii.v 2 457
Passion flower 437
Passioiii f 130*)
Paliciui'. Gal Jen
f 1306
Paulowiiia 3 137
Paul's lietony 3 168,
f .V7"- ,^291
Paiiion f 1013
Pi;.\ I'.VMil.v 2 262
Pea. lieacli 330
Jlird-rx,L; f2i3o
/iiift'alo f 2123. 2205
Butterfly 2 333
Canada i 2204
Cat 2 326
Cow 34(5
Craw, or Mouse y^?
Crow 2 u'l), 3S3
l-;verlastiiig 330, f 2210
Heart 2 40 ^
Hoary 292
Jleadow 332
Milk 335-6
Myrtle leaved Marsh
2 3.V
Partridge 23s
I'idaloe f 2227
Rabbi: f2ii7
Sea-side, Se.i 2 :^\>
-everlasting 330
.Scurfy 2 280.
f 2aS8, 2o'jo
Sensitive 2 237-8
Squirrel, Ground
f 1643
Trailing f 2227
Turkey i 1670, 21 17
Veiny 2 330
Wild 2(19, f 2' ■35, 2217
Wild, Sweet 2 292
Peanut 313
Hog, or Wild 334
Pitchers 334
Pea-lree i 2124
Pea-vine 2 326, f 2223
Peach 2 234
Peaelr.ior! f 1327
Pear, Choke 2 "234
Juice f 1983
"Swamp Sugar 3 238
Wild i 1983-6
■ Indian { 1985
Pearl
*,?</>
Pearls I'/'.S/ia in
f 1022
Pearl-plant
3 63-4
PearUvort 3
29-30
Pearly Everlasting
3 4'o
f 3S4S
Peal:, red
f 2,544
Pebble-vetch
2 328
Pecan
I 484
Jliller
' 1153
Pedis
3 454
Pedicularis 3
1S4-7
Peg-wood
2 ,^9.5
Pellas
416
Pelican-flou er
f 1281
Pellitory i 334
3 4S''^
Bastard, Wild
jr Eu-
ropean
3 4.54
Pellitory of Spain
2 31.5
Pencil-flower
312
Decumbent
3 5'7
Pencil-tree
3 .m
- :i 1 ii <d
i >.3.^
Penny cress
2 114
Peuny-llou er
f 1740
■lie'dMe
i l6i)3
Penny-john
2 Ai.\
Penny-grass
3 1S7
Penny Mountain
115
Pennyroval
i^i, 122,
f .SLS.S
American
3 111*'
Bastard
78
Drummond's
106
False
/ /
Mock, Rough
106
Wild
121
Penny.pi>.<:l
12706
Pennywoil 2 620
3 144
Marsh 2
3.V1-41
Pepper, Poor Man's
2 111,
f 1S13
ll-a/er
* I5.V?
ll'ild i 1040. 2334. 2^96
Pepfieraiid .Sa/Y
f27.K)
Pefifierbusli
f 2771
Sweet 2
54'*-')
iriiile f 276
>. 2771
Pef/ier eiofi
f 1813
Pepper-grass
2 110-12. f
10S3-4
Apetalous
2 1 12
Kujiliih
f K.84
(lardeu
2112
( "loldeii
112
Narrow-leaved
1 1 1
Roadside
III
Town
1 12
Wild
1 12
Pepperidge
i 517
-bush
90
Peppermint
3 1 19
Pepper l<!anl
f ny
'1, 17.52
Pepper-root 2
ni-3
-turnip
f 876
-vine
2 412
-wood
• .35.i
Pepperwoit
3 110
(see Peppergrass)
Perilla
3 123
Periwinkle
2
Small
f 2894
Persian-berry
I 2395
Persicaria
» 555
llilint;
f i,U^
liiistly
I 559
Carey's
559
Dcnse-flowerec
5.56
Dock-leaved
557
Hart Wright's
556
Lady's Thumb
558
Long-styled
558
Opelousas
559
'i
:li
[Vol. III.
Pain i 11122
3 ''.V4
irlastiiip
3 4'0, f 3*<l8
f 2.S44
2 ^28
1 484
f 1153
3 454
i 3 'S4-7
2 395
416
uer f 1281
I 534. 3 45!^
Wild or liu-
3 454
f Spain
2 5'5
3 5"7
3 394
2 114
f 1740
f 1 605
2 433
3 >87
115
< 3" 55
3 "*
7»
106
I'er
ent
ss
■ver
n
SI-
lUiitain
\\
<7, >".
in
ond's
{oiigli 106
121
,7 f 2706
t 2 6jo; 3 144
2 53<)-4i
'oor Man's
2 111, { 1813
i 1333
1.140.2534- ^30
u/ .Si;// f 2709
i/i 1 2771
2 54"*-')
f 2766. 2771
('/> f 1813
rass
1 10-12. f ioS,3-4
lUS
/(
-leaved
de
S^
int
/an/
2 1 12
f 1(^84
2 112
112
HI
III
I 12
112
i 547
90
3 ng
ool
A
i 1333. 1752
2 ni-3
f 876
2 412
. 35,S
2 no
oit
sppergrass)
3 123
ile
■ hfiry
ia
-flowered
leaved
iVright's
B Thumb
styled
usas
2
f 2804
i 2595
I 555
i 1333
I 559
559
5.56
5.57
5.56
558
558
559
Vol. in.] ENGLISH INDEX, INCLUDING POPULAR I'L.XNT NAMES.
577
Persicaria
Pale
Pennsylvania
Slender Pink
Soutlnvesterii
Swamp
Water
Persimmon
PetiiApl^/e
Pestilence-wiirt
Peter's-StafT
Pe/iy More/
Petunia
Peucedanum
Pe-.i/fi-uor/
Phacelia
Covi lie's
Crenate-leaved
Franklin's
Frinpred
Hairy
Loose-Hi'wered
Mountain
Pursh's
.Silky
Small-flowered
Pheasant's-eye 2
Phippsia I
Phleuin. Mountain
Pin.o.\ Family 3
Phlox 3
Chiokweed
Cleft
Crawling
Downy
Douglas'
Garden
Hairy 3 34,
Hood's
Kelsey's
Moss
Mountain
Prairie
Smooth
Wild Blue
// 'ooii<:
Yellow
P/it/iisic-ueed
Phyllanthus
Physalis
1 557
557
557
5.58
556
555
2 597
I ,3222
3 470
X '■*■'
1 2627
3 141
2 515
f84
3 46
48
46
47
49
48
47
49
48
46
47
2 89
150
148
31
32
35
35
35
34
37
* 3'
12972
3 37
36
36
33
f 2972
3 ^3
, ^^
f 1466
2 152
f 2555
2 362
3 125
Pigweed
U'iii-<d
Pilewort
Pick-tree
Pic/;/e-p/ant
Picradenia
Picris
Picry
Pie-marker
Pie-print
Pigeon-berry
f 1897, 1989, 2629
2720, 3404
-foot 2 344
-grass 3 70, f 240
-root t 1430 note
-tree
Pigmy-weed
Pignut
Bitter
IJttte, Suiali
Woolly
Pig-potaio
•root
Pigsty-daisy
Pig-tail
Pigweed i
57
f 1369, 2566
Pilot wei-d
Pimentary
* 1,376
2 .\3; 3 118,
f 1399. 1615
3408
107
Pimpernel, Bennet 2 52!)
Ilaslard i 2825
J!/ue i 3075
I'alse 2 593; 3 163-4
Red, or Scarlet 2 593
Sea f 1512
Water 2 5S7; 3 167
Yellinv 2 526
Pimpernelle 2 228
Pin-ha/l f.34i>3
Pin-clover 2 344
-grass 344
Pincushion 3249 f3S48
-flower 3 249
-shrub 2 395
-'''•'■'• f 3435
Pixii Family i 49
Pine 50-53
Banks' or ISiack i 114
Bastard f 118
B/is/er f 126
Bull I 52, f 113
Pine
Short-slnicks f 1 15
S/asli f 116, ii.s
Soft -deal f no
Southern i 51
-liai d or -/leart
f 112
-mountain
-pilih
Pinweed 2 442-4, f 2249
Canadian
Candlewood
Caiolina
Cat
Cedar
Cornsla/k
Deal
Fat
Festoon
Field
Fir
J-yorida
Fovtai/
Frankincense
Gambler Parry'
Georgia
-pilcli, -ye/to:,
(iray
Ground i
Physic, see Indian
Pi'cac i 2321
Picka:i ay-anise f 2271
Pick-clieese 2 416
Pickerel-Weed Fam-
ily I 379
Pickerel Weed
I 379, f 1626
Pickpocket f 1752
Pick-purse f 1513. 1752
f 2626
f 1389
3 448-9
267
I 2353
f 2430
f 2430
I 594.
f 2626
3 164
I 487
I 1152
t II57
3 512
1 2640
f 1085
f ,3984
3 220
'o, 587.
I 51
5.1
f 116
f 121
fii5
f 118
f no
f 112
f99
I 2473
f 120
f 112
f lr8
I 53
■'s
f>i3
I 51
f 112
I 52
41; 2 436,
f 31.170
Hard I 51, f 111, 119
Hickory I 53
Hudson Bay 52
Indian f 118
Jack f 1 14
Jersey, Labrador, i 52
Loblolly 53
Long-leaved 51, f 113
-pitch, -yellouf 112
Long-straz! i 112. 118
I.ong-shucks t 118
Moon-fruit f ,89
Signer f 115
.Wohle i 2736
A'orthern f 1 10
Northern Scrub i 52
A''or:La]' fiii
Jllacl- f IK)
Old-field I 53
Pitch I 53, f 112. 116
Southern f 11 2
11 'es tern ^ 113
Prairie 3 318
Prickly t 117
Prince's 2 554
Red I 51, f 1:3
A'/rvr f 115
/Cock f 114
Rosemary i 118
Running' I 43
Sap I 53, f 118
Scrub I 52
Shore f 114
Short-leaved
I 52, f 115, iiS
.Shortschat f 115, 116
-yelld
Spiral
Spruce
f II
S:i amp
>. 115,
fii7
1112
f 112
f 92
I 52,
122. 124
f 118
Table-Mountain i 53
7V.i'fl5 )'ello:t f 112
Torch I ^i, i 118
Turpentine f 112
Virginia t 51, f 118
Western Yellow I 51
Weymouth ,50
White 50
Yellow I 51, f 112, im
Yellozc Pitch f 112
y'ezi- f 122
Pine-Appi.e Family
1 374
Pine-hroom i 112
Pine -barren Beauty
2 583
Pine-cheat
Pine-drojJS
-sap
Pine-tulip
-weed
Pink I'amii.y
Pink, Bearded
Boston
Bunch
Carolina
Child ing
Coin
Cushion
Deplford
Drumuiond's
J)utch
Flection
Fire
French
Grass
Ground
Hedge
Indi.'in 2
f 1445, 1458,
Maiden
Marsh
Meadow
f iiii, 1470,
Menzies'
^rice
.yronthly
Moss 3
Mountain
Mullen
Old Maid's
Proliferous
River
Rock
Rose
Saxifrage
Sea 2 595, 611, * 1443
Swamp 1 402; 2 559,
'1145. 2743
Wild 2 II,
f 1119, 1447, 1470, 2979
If 'inter f 2774
Pink-ft/oowi f 2858
-grass f 436, 742, 799
-needles 2 344, 531
Pink-root 2 605
Pinks, Old Maid's
f 1438
U ar t 1437
Pinkster-flower 2 558
Pink-ueed f 1327, 1337
* 1513
2 554
2 555-6
f 2736
2 436
2 6
f 1145
f 1466
2 20
6.15
f 146s
f 1438
2 8
19
15
f I7(>S
t 2743
2 10
f 147 1
1 4,Si)
3 36
2 18
605; 3 22,
.2288,3318
2 I,;
2 611-12
2 14.
2747
2 13
\ 1450
f 1466
f 1440
*2774
2 10
2 18
< 2743
f U28
2 610
,36.
3«
Pipe-plant
Pipe-privets
Piperidiie-hush
Spotted
Pipe- stem
Pipe-tree
Pipe-vine
Woolly
* 27.19
2 6o<)
f 1640
^2735
f 2769
2 (hK)
I 541, f 1283
I 54"
PiPLUoKT Family
1 371
Pipewort 371-3
}'ello!(i f 902
Pi])sissewa 2 554
.Spotted f 2735
Piskies, Pixie i 1447
Pismire i 3988
Pitciiek-plant
Family 2 159
Pitcher-plant 160
Pitchforks
3 438. f 39,39-40
Plane-tree Family
2 194
Plane-tree 194
Planer-tree 1 526
Plantain Family
3 205
Plantain 3 2116-11
Buck, Buckhorn f338o
Common
3 206
Dwarf
210
Dooryard
206
English
207
Greater
206
Heart-leaved
208
Hoary
207
Indian
475
Large-bracted
209
Long
207
Many,seeded
210
Mud
1 380
Net-leaf
f 1132
Poor Robin's
3 285, ,388
Pursh's
3 209
Rattlesnake i
474-5
Ripple
i 3.?8o
Robert's
3 3''8
Robin's
388
Round-leaf
f3.?78
Rugel's
3 207
Sand
211
Saline
20H
Sea, or Seaside
209
Slender
210
Southern
20.8
Snake 3 207, 285
Sweet-scented
3 475
Water i 85
3 208
Wayside
*3378
White
3 .?99, < 113
', 3.^88
White Dwarf
3 210
Pleurisy-root
5
Pleurogyne 2
618-19
Pleuroj)i)g()n
I 196
Ploughman's- wort 3 31/)
Plt'm Family
2 246
Plum, Beach
2 249,
f 2017
Bullace
2 250
Canada 2 247,
f 2ixx8
Chicka.saw
2 248
Date
, 597
Dog
I 1030
Ctarden, Wild
f 2009
Coose
f 2007
Grave's Beach
2 249
Ground
297
Hog 3 248, f 2007. 2a]9
Horse 2 247,
I 2(X)7
Ivory
2 572
Larger G' ound
297
Low
249
578
ENGLISH INDEX, INCLIDINO roi'ULAR I'LANT NAMIvS. [Vol.. III.
Fliiin
NalhY t 21 1117
Porter's 2 24S
AV</ f2(»is
Sand 1 248, f 21113
Sicditl i 2831
Watson's 2 248
Ulld f 20.»H
Wild r.oosf 2 2-17
Wild Kid 247
Wild Yflli.w 2(7
lliii/ir f 2K31
Plum giiiiiife f 2(1(17
I'luiii Kfi'l'i' 3 -("^
I'l.r.MUAi.d I'AMii.v ,';()4
J\iiiiii-l>i(sli i 1415
I'dKonia I 467-S
Aiitiii'siiuiiilli f 1114
I'liisim ash 2 (S.h
•berry 3 1.57, f 1554
• doKWood 2 3SS
-elder 2 ;,>''^. * ,>4,v?
■ tint; f idK)
-flower 3 137
-licinlock 2 5^2
■ivy 3S«
•oak ,vNS
parsley f 2084
-rhubarb 3 470
-siiiiitueeii 126S4
•sumac 2 ,v''8
■/ubiitiii i 3221
-/;«r, or •:(()('(/ f 2352
-fine i 2353
Poki-iDol f 984
I'OKE-WEED I'AMILY
I ,S",?
Poke, Pokeweed 1 ,S()4
Indian I 4.»S, f (As
Polar-plant 3 jc'^
Pole-cal ll'eed f S8i
PoU-uf,,/ f88i
Polly Mountain 3 109
Polypody i 32-3
See I'ern
Polyprenium 3 6(i6
Polyjiteris 3 447
Polytaenia 3 515
Pontft;' iitiii/e f 2008
Pomnie Blanche 2 284
Pond-bush i 1655
-dog-.iood f ■5403
i;rass f 17.^
Pond-lily 2 42-4
Arrow-leaved 43
Red-disked 43
White 44
Yellow 42-3
P()NI>WEi;U I'AMILY
I 65
Pondweed I 66-81
AlRHlike 72
Bluntleaved 73
Capillary 76
Claspiiitf-leaved 71
CurK-d-leavtd 72
Ciii/y f 15()
Eel-grass i 72
I'axou's ()8
l'"ennel-leaved 77
Filiform 77
Floating ()6
I'ries' 74
Grass-uraii' f 160
Hill's I 73
Horned i 178
Illinois I 70
Interrupted 78
Larjfe-leaved 67
Leafy 73
Long-leaved 68
Mystic Pond 71
Northern 68
Nuttall's 67
Oakes' 66
Pnndweed
Ojjposite leavi'il i 7,s
KahiRS(|ue's 7'i
Kobbins' 78
Shilling -II
Slender 74
Sin.iU 75
Si)atulate-k;ivid ( (»
Spiral 77
Spotted 07
'/aisil i 17(1
Varidiis-Ieaved I (k)
Vasey's 74
White-stemiiifd 71
/i/.'s 71P
Pond Spice 2 1.)-
I'ool blossom 622
Pool-root, -w<itt
3 312, f 3(>2(»
PtHir An nil i (J84
Poor Man's niu>taid
f i0(j5
-pepper 2 111, f i^u
-> hnlmi b f lOvi
-snap f I8S(
■weather-^lass 2 5(13
/'oor-A'nbin fi 156, 3412
Poor Robin's plantain
3 ^''^.s, .18.^
Pop-dock, or -ylove 171
Pop weed 3 km
Poplar t 400-3, r iifjy
American t 1 170
Aspen i ii'M
Ilalsani i 491
Jlerrybeaiin:.; f 1172
lllack I 493
-Hal: an f 1172
Ji'lue t 1542
( 'al-/ool i 1171
Carolina
I 4(>3, f 1165, 1172
Downy i 492
fliikorv f 1542
Lombardy I 4(13
Old luif;lisli i 1 171
Piz'er f 1172
Roui;li bai k i 1165
Sih.r leaf
1 490, f 2413
Trenibltnt; i 11 70
Tu/ip f I,s42
ll'ii/er fii72
White 1 4(i<i,
f 1169-70, I,S42
Willow f 1171
Yellow 2 49
Poi'i'Y Family a 98
Poppy 2 (), 99-103
Arctic 3 i(»i
Celandine 102
Corn. I'ield, Red, (J9
Frothy 9
Garden, Opium, 99
Iceland i 16^12
Alexican 3 101
Pale i(«i
Prickly loi
Rough-fruited loo
Sea 103
Smooth-fruited lob
Spattling 9
'I liorn i 1663
White Prickly 2 101
Yellow 102
Y'ellow Horned 103
Poppy-mallow 3 418-ig
Portulaca 3 5-6
Showy i 1437
Passu m-ha-c
i 2360. 3443
Possnin-uood 12831
Potato Family 3 124
Potato. Canada 429
I Cree f 2096
Potato
/>,Uo/a i 2227
/A ',!,■'.( f979
/lid inn i 2227
.y,//ie { 23(«i
Pii; { 2227. 2640
//■;/(/ f 1429
;/ ■;/(/ ."^r. , <•/ f 2(>4,s
Potato /»mJ f 2227
vine. Wild 3 23
Pot herb. White 24s
I'oukenel 2 5,11
/;>:■( r/y < 1494
Poverty-lirass I 133;
i 41', *595. 929, 2('74.
2.^-14. ^473
.S, III them ' ,M4
Poverty-weed 3 401,457,
f 3848, 38,So-l
Powder-horn 2 26
Praiiie ap])le 284, f 2126
ani inmie f 1581
-liei i;aiiiol f 3138
burdock 3 408
Praiiie clover 3 j8(i-()i
I'm pic f 2112
Silky f2II,s
Piiiii ie di'i; u eed i ,397()
Pi iiirie i;rass f 341, 44!
■fire f.vii8
V' "'' f 2271
hysso]> 3 112
-Indian i 2o,';3
-hlr i 1003, 2,S2(')
niestpiite 3 ,sio
pine V"*
-imket i 1784. 17S(.
-rose 2 22()
\eiiiia i 203,s
■ >iiiiii-e i i.sSi, 1942
turnip 3 284
-weed 215
zinnia 3 412
Preiuher-in-ilie-piilpi/
t 1CKJ4
Pi ell y Snncy i I4,S(>
Pricket 3 \Hi
Prickly-ash 2 353, f 2626
)>//(!.•(■ f 2270
Prickly-hack i 34S1
Pricklyhiir f"i226
Prickiylhistlc f4o7l
■elder f 2*126
Prickly-pear 3 463
-poppy loi
/'> ;f* Jfadaiii
t 1813, 1816
-timber 3 395
Priiklree
li'iilcher f 23118, 23<>,s
Prickwood 2 ((^5
Pricky-back f 3481
■ thistle '4071
Pride-of Ohio 2 594
Pride-weed 3 3()i
Priest's Crown 271
Priest's pintle f 876
Prim 2 604
Primrose 1'"amily 584
Primrose 3 492, ,s8,s,
f 1974, note
Bird's-eye 3 585
Dwarf Canadian ,s8,s
l''remont's 495
Greenland .^''.s
Hartweg's 495
Mealy 585
Missouri 4<>4
I Mistassini 585
I Scapose 4-. '
Short-podded 493
Showy 492
Spotted 494
Three lobed 493
Tooth-leaved 4cj6
Primrose
Tree i 2579
Primrose willow 2 4.S1
Primwort (nn
Prince's-feather
I 561, f 1399
Prince's pine 3 554
Print 604
Prionopsis 3 327
Privet 2 604
Procession- ftoiicri 32^1
Prv f 742
Psilostr(ii)e 3 444
Psoralea 2 281 -s
lllack dotted 2S2
Digitate 283
I'cw-nowered 2M
Laiice-Ieaved 281
Large-bracted 2.'^4
Large r-tipuled 285
Many-flowered 2S2
Narrow-leaved 2S2
Nebraska 2 2.83
Sainfoin 285
Silver leaf 283
Small-flowered 281
Ptiloria 3 208
Puccoou. Gmelin's 65
Hairy, Hoary, 6,s
Indian ^,1048
Red 2 IU2
II kite f 1(165
Y'ellow 3 .SI
Piiccoon-rniit i 166,5
PutTball 3 271, 12387
Pukeweed 3 260
I'nlsalilla Amer. 11581
Pumpkin, Wild 3 2,50
Piiri;in!;ro(i/ 12321
Piirplei^iass
i 2o!)7. 211S3, 2,54()
Purple.iorl t 1(^37, 2(kH3
Pi'RSLAMc Family 3 i
Purslane, Pusslev, 5
Ilhick ' f 2314
French t 1437
(,'arden t 1437
Marsh 3 476
Milk 3 373, f 2321
Mud ' 3 437
Notched 5
Sea I 598; 3 36
S /tolled '2314.
Water 2 470, 476
Western i I4,VS
While f 2321
Pursley, ^filk f 2321
Ulackspotlcd f 2314
Piiiz'ain ^ JX-Sg
Pussies, Pussy cats,
i 2074
Pussy-toes 3 309
Putty-root I 481
Pyracauth 2 245
Pyramid flozcer
or plant f 2S84
Pyxie 2 ,583
(See Piskies)
Quafodil 1981
yuaker-bonnets
3 212, f 2057
-ladies 3 212
yuaker-lady 3 n/i
Quarter-vine 3 i(>8
Queen Anne's Lace
3 510
Queen-of-tlie-mcadow
a I9<>; 3 307
Queen-of-thepraine
3 224
Queen-:ceed i 2642
Queen 's-deltght 3 369
-gillyflower i.S-t
■ needle-.tort t 1883
Queen 's-root 2 369
[Vol.. III.
11. IW
ther
le
1 2579
2 4«i)
()ii4
< 1399
3 554
(M14
3 .1^7
2 6(14
I742
3 444
2.S1-5
2S2
sHS
2S1
2S1
284
2>*5
2S2
2.S2
2 2X3
2H5
2^3
281
3 268
65
65
13048
3 102
f 1665
a 51
f 1665
led
en-il
ived
icted
pultd
we red
caved
if
wered
Inielin's
oary
'O/
3 373.
3 271, f 2387
1 3 '(>"
Atufr. 1 1581
Wild 3 250
■o,'/ 12321
axs
i!>7, 20S3, 2549
>■/ f 1937, 2l)i<3
: Kamilv 3 I
Pusslev. 5
f23'4
< 1437
< 1437
2 476
f 2321
3 437
5
598: 3 36
i 2314
2 47". 47'J
* "43.1
f 2321
f 2,521
< 2314
< 3'i59
'i(ssy cats,
i 2074
< 3 3"9
I 4'-^l
3 245
f 2884
3 583
f 9S1
lonnets
3 212, f 2057
3 212
ady 3 iy()
,itie 3 198
line's Lace
a 510
rtlie-nicadow
3 I9h; 3 307
f-Uie-praine
2 224
■eed
delight
ower
•uorl
■root
polled
t
1
■flou cr
it
skies)
f 2642
3 369
f I8.«,?
2 369
Vol. III.]
I:NGLI.SII INDKX, INCMIHNU rorULAR I'I-.\NT NAMI'IS.
579
yuercitriiii i 517
(Jiiiik f 524, 19<|5
(Juiek 1)eam 3 23,5
(Jiiiik III llif hiiiiil
t 2.l8i)
(Juickset 2 2(1
!_'«;. ksil:er-:i fill f 111^4
Oiiill ffi II f 311
nrii.i.wiiKi' I'AMii.v
I -15
(Jliilhvoil I 46-8, f ,V.I5
I)u<lKe's 3 4i)S
liatuii's 41)5
Eii>o[>(un i lu2
Pitted 3 495
Oiiiiice star 2 245
Oiiiiiiiit; Hill! f ,(^75
{Jiiiiii iir lliiu fr i 2.'^(i2
Oil i III III! Tiff f 2271
f>iiiiiw-f'<'' '.>'
i 1S74, 1S73 note
yuiteli-nrass I 226
ijinliil 1 32<i<)
ijiiii'ii Ifiif f 1 170
(>niihsi/iii:i ml f 37211
Kabbit beiry 241.8
-/>! iis/i i .V>(i2
-flijwer 3 171, f ,i23'>
• meat 3 114
■/ifcl t 211 7
-KMil 2 Sii<i
■lii/tii,ro i 3^,sl
Rabbit's uioiitli 3 147
A'acii'tnibti I y f \(>.\(i
judical :• red f 3213
Kadisli, Wild 2 121
CaKUn 121
Iliirse 127
Rat!i»eil cup 3 4<ifi
-/,ia- f 145S
Kdbiii 2 14
-Ml Hill' i 1335
K.\i;\vi;i:i> I'amh.v
3 J'l-!
Rapweed 3 2<i4-5. 4''-
Wiiullv 3 477
RaBw.iit 3 475, 480-2
Cat s-paw 3 47S
Prairie 478
Kiiiiilio:. -u eed f 2541)
A'tiisiii, Willi f 3444
A'liiiiii'li ee i 1875
A'tiiiifiii'ii, Liii/^e t 2579
KillllfiS f l|<|2
Riiin's-(7(i:<i f 161'^
lie<id f lo.'^H
-tciiiKUe 3 2117
I\'iiiiilieiiiii;iiiss i ,S3<)
A'tiiieid f 3231'
Raiistead 3 1 1')
A'iiiili/>ole i 2(>32
Ra))e 2 M 1 1, 1 2 1
Siimiiiei i 170J
A'afi/'ei diiiidies f 277*)
Raspberry 2 n;i)-ii>l
Arclie 210
Illack, I)1aek-cap. 201
Carolina 2ui
Ciithbert 200
Dwarf 201
Cladsluiie 201
C.regK 2(11
(hound i 1544
llansell 2 21 n)
Hilborn 201
Mountain 200
Purple, Wild
2 201, f 1890
Purple-flowering
3 I9<)
Jfose-fion en'ni; f iSijo
Kiiiiiiiiiii i i8i)7
Virvfinia 3 i(»
White-flowering nig
Wild Red 2110
A'dlsluiiir f 1 132. 2735
A'lil-ili if/iei f 23(11
Rat tail 3 21.7
An 1 1 a II I2VI'
Rattle 3 187
/.'((// f 1443. 1455
(•'■■ * 1455
Peniiv, Yellow, 3 "*7
Red ■ 1S4-5
Rattle bans 3 1S7, f 1443
Rattle-box
2 2'.S, 4-1,; 3 1S7
-Inisli t 2049. 20511
-mil f I, -,34
■ mill f 155(1
A'allle lop f 1556
lleni I len-iid i 1557
Moiiiilaiii f 1558
Kiillle-.i red f 155(1. 212c)
Ciiiiiiiliiin f 21311
A'iilllei -nee i 1104
A'li/lle.uiiile hile t \i.t\i>
Rattlesnake herb 2 55
-//i;i,'- f 26(10
leaf i 1132
• nia'-ter 2 522; 3 315,
3 3' 7. 354. < i'^''5
• plantain i 474-5
Cieefuii!;- f 1131
root ' 3 288-01,
• 1048, I5.sr,, 2285,3583
-weed 3 2\5,
f 1 132, 2(.l(>o
Red bay 2 (id
-llelly f 3502
bud 2 257
■ hiiisli i 2714. 2717
-I iiiiioiiiile t 1(139
-cedar I do
-Kuni 3 U13
•Indian paint 102
/ndiniis '331'^
-nikfiliiiil f 1415
A'ed knees i 1333
• /;/()/ r'<"( (/ f 1039
-fiolloiii i 2775
pnecoon 2 102
-rattle 3 184-5
-robin 2 341, f 145(1
■ >od '2714
Reil-rodt I 443; 3 5(|5,
2 .(07, f 12('2, 13(|S,
1O65, i(>(4
Oiii'liiia t iLidi
/lid III II i lotil
Ked-iol i IN 13
■Sally i 2549
Red shanks a 341,
f 1311I, 1319, 1327, 1333
Red lop 1 159. 184
Jliiiiili f 47(1
Hi Id f27o
Red-weed 2 99.
f 12f|(), 1327, 1415
-:, illo:i f27i4
A'ed/>e> ly f 1554, 2(130
■haiiihoo i io5()
■siiiileiiiol f 1^54
RedfieUlia I iSCj
Reed I 128, i(i(), 184,
f 420, 512
Hog, l>ilch, role,. Sea,
i 420
Reed-Rrass I 163-7
Common {420
Jndian f 3(10
LanRsdorf's 1 i(j4
I.ounleaved 107
Jlacoun's 163
Narrow 165
Xuttall's 1(15
Pickering's 104
Porter's ifi4
Salt I7'>
Sea i i8o
Reed iria'-s
.Soiillii 1 It i 291
Wood I 158
KirdMaee, (,'ieal f 1 id
/.owe fl37
RheniiMliMnroot 2 i)2.
f 1(,(;8, 2735
■-.reed i 2^95-0
Rbinebtrry 2 405
RliiMlii(leii(li(iii 501
Klinbaib
Hot; or I'oisoii 3 470
i'ooi Man's t itiq
Rhoihira 2 5(10
Kliyncliosia 2 ,?,i''7
Rib KiasH, wdit 3 2117
Riie. Indi.in i 1 .-s
Cillliulil f 2Sd
/■\ihe, ll/iile, f :S7
Junj-le 3 |c/i
ll'aler f ->()
Wild I 128
A'let '.( Cousin i .•»•
A'lilileaf f ;,iSd
Richwud I 533.
3 123, 295, f 15511. 3(12.)
A' It; 11 inn f 3137
Rip])U' ^rass 3 .1.7
A'i: ri hush t 3403
Rl\ l;i< Wl ICI) I'.NMllv"
2 1(13
River-weed 103
/\oanoi\e Hell f 311^4
Robert's I'lantain 3' 3.s,s
A' oh ill, A'ohins i i4j(')
A'ohini nil ii:i ay
f K,o7, 3005
Robin's Plantain
3 2^5. 388
A'oe i- hi I If I 2776
■lirake I 2.S, f 71, 72
Rock ciiss 2 147-150
I.ow. or Nortlieni 1 id
A'o, i lily f 1 5=9
-/'lani f 1813
R(>i.K-R(isi; l'A.Mn.v
2 43fi
Rock-rose 4,^1-40. f 2140
Rock Weed 3 227, t 2240
Rocket
Hiislaid f 1703
Cranililinjt 2 159
Dame's 154
False 123
Ilalinn i I7<,8
I'l aiiie f 1786
Small floxi eicd
f 17S4
Purple 2 123 f 2,5(1(1
Sand 2 120
Sea, American 1 17
Sei amhliiif; f i( 116
.S:i ei I i l7<io
Wall 2 120
Willie/ . or Wiiiiiid,
f 170(1
■^'ellow 2 122,
f 1798, 281 1
Rocket Cress 2 122
A'oik V .1/011 Ilia ill ( iiii/>e
f 1(142
/}og-alion/fo;/er f 2280
Rogue's Ciilliflower
3 l,S4
Roman-/)/ij«/ f i,?7o
-willow 2 (kx)
■wormwood 3 205
Kooslers 1 2481
Kooslei -heads f 282<>
Nope- ha I k '2535
Rope--,i iiid i 2949
Rosa-solis 2 iCn, f (|f)()
Rosi-; Family 2 194
Rose 2 22(^2,',2
Afriean f 16,59
Rose
.•\rkaiisas 2 2,v>
/I I a III hie f 107,3
/iiei e, /li ier f i()73
liiirnel 2 ,5(13
Canker 2 (,ii, 232
Chi i si mas i I54(>
Corn 2 ()(>
Cotton 3 .vj5
Climbinj; 2 229
Cinnamon 252
Don 2,i2
I'uaifWild f 1071
A,;;/r »';/(/ f i(,d('i
l';Kyplian,C.ipsy,3 249
//;/' t iii7,i-4
/•Jill hen f i'i74, note
I.ow 2 2,il
Maple-leaf (ineldei
* 3437
Marsh Holy 2 ,5(.H
Meadow 22()
.M ex lean f 1437
.MicliiKan 2 229
Northeastern 2,u
/'.//(• f Kiirf)
Pasture 2 231
Praitie 229
Prickly 2,;o
Rock 2 4,59-40, f 2446
Rosin 2 4,^3
.Sensilive i 2031
Shiiiinv; f ii»72
.Smooth 2 221)
.Suowdon 1(15
.Snn 2 43()-4o
.Swamp 2 231
//'//(/ f 1 ((70-72
Wind 2 liK)
Woods' 230
Roseacacia 2 295, f 2122
Rosebay 2 ,561, f 2,51 (>
I .round 2 480
I.apland ,5(mi
Mountain 501
llilduv />:. ai/i 27,50
A'ose hliish i i(,65
Rose Ciimpioii 2 Ki
Rose-mallow 2 424-5
Rosemary
JIarsh 2 504, f 27(17
M.irvlaud 3 5,^0
White V'l
Wild 2 5,57, 5(18
A'i>.i(' moss I 1437
Rose-noble 3 55
Rose-of Plymouth 2 611
Rose-of Sharon 426
Rose-petty 3 388
Rose pink 2 6i(j
/Hose :• illo:,' i 2714
Rosewort, Roseroot
2 l('i5
Rosin-plant 3 4(10-8
-rose 2 43 i
-weed 3 406-S
-."I Ood f 5057
A'osy-hiish i 1884
Rolala 2 470
Rot-urass 3 194. f 384
Roubieva i 576
Rough-root 3 318
-weed ()7
Round Dock 2 4i()
/found heart t 2'i5i
■rush i 019
-Ti nod. -tree t 1975
Roving Sailor 3 144
Ro:i aiilieriy ''975
Rowan-trei.' 2 233
Anicrieaii i 1975
Dog 3 22()
A'oyal /liaeieit f8
RllVAl, P'kr.n I'.\milv
> 4
58o
K.NGLISII INDlvX, INCLIDINC. I'OITLAR PLANT NAMICS. [Vol. III.
1*::;
KojmI I'ltii I 5
J^oyal Osmoiid i S
Rue Aneinouc, I'.ilse
RiF, Family 2 ,i,SJ
Rucllia 3 .M3-5
I.Dits; tuheJ i ,!!7-'
Sltoilliibed i ,vri
R until i i;(i,!
Runnini? pine i 43
-miHs f f)6
Riippia I 79
Rush Famii.v i ,^Hi
Rush I 3-<i-,v»'>
Ai;lelhrii<l " I jSo
Awlleavcil i t,^-
BiiUl I 2=;;-«
Kaltic .^S^
7^7 Ji f 62,1
]l:iyonet i v>i
Boaked I I'.-J-S.)
y>7<i,-/(' 162,1
Black-grass i 3S5
Bojf ,iS2
Bolder, liouldei- f 623
Browuishfruiteil
Bulbous 391)
Bulrush I 2(),s-7o
Canada i .^9;
Caiidli' ^919
Carolina i 31)1
Chair-maker's 2(>5
Cliestnut ,<*>
Club I 262-4
Common .3S2
Col/on I 271-3
Cotton-giass i 271-3
Creeping 3SS
.Sc-a i 627
Clustered Alpine
Diffuse .39»)
Dit/c/i f 84
Fii/sr /!,>:;■ f6,si
I'orkcd I ,3^7
Glomerate ,3S3
i'.rass-leaved 3HS
Greene's .387
Jfaie'shiil f63S
Jfard f9i9
Highland i ,38,s
Horned i 276
Jointed 391
Knotted ,392
Knitllv-leaved f 9.S6
I.oug-slyled i 3SS
Many-headed .393
Mat I 2()6
Moor ,189
New Jersey ,392
Nut ' I 28 1 -S3
Pennsylvania ,383
Pin f9i9
Pith i 92a
Richardson's i ,391
Roemer's ,38 ^
Jiiutnd '919
Scirpus-like i ,391
Scouring 38
Sea ,384
Secund 3H6
Sharp-fruited ,39,^
Short-fruited .393
Slender ,386
Small headed 394
vSoft .382
Spar/ f9t5
Spike 1 248-56
.V/ii/T f 920
Stout I ,395
Sure/ f883
Thread I ,383
Three-flowered ,390
Three-square '265
Rush
Toad 1 3'*,s
Torrey's ,v)2
'/'ii!e * 62,1-4
Twiif I 2S1
Two flowered 3SJ
Vasey's ,3So
ll'ii/ii t <)ii)
Wood I 196-H
Yard ' 386
)'c/iou -Jlir.ri-rini;
' i 89;,
fsee Bulnisli) 1 211,3
(see Clubrush) 202
Riisli ,s;iirlii ^993
■ nil/ f .339
Riisiia grai^ f 491
Russian Thistle i ,sSii
Rutland lieauty 3 25
Rye, Wild,
I 231-2. 3 ,=;o8
Rye-nrass i 22,s
Sabb.itia 2 6.K1-611
Hranchiug 6.19
Coast 610
KUiott's 611
I.ance-leaved <ki9
Narrow-leaved 601)
Prairie oio
Sqmre-stemmed 610
Satuno/rie f 128
Siiddlf/ne i i,S42
-lt\if f I,S»3
Salllower 3 495
Sase
Indian 3 311
,Terusaleni i)i
Lauce-leaved u*)
I.yre-leaved if)
Meadow loo
Mountain 4fiS
Nettle-leaved 101
I'ilcher'.s uk)
Tci// '3126
ll'is/iin f4ois
White I 5,s'i
Wild 3 101, 4114,
f ,1124, 3I2,S
Wood 3 76
Wormwood 3 463-4
Sage-brush 3 4()S
Pasture 464
Sage-bush 46">
Sage-of- Bethlehem 119
Saiic/ej/ i M"S
Sageu ///(in f 1 193. 2,349
-wood 3 46S
Sagittaria i 911-92
Sailor, Climbing 3 144
S:iilor's-i>n>/ t 2240
•tobacco 3 466
St. Andrew's Cross
2 42S
S/, An/hony's Turnip
f 1615
St. Bennett's Herb
2 5.^2
St. James' weed 1,19
-wort 3 482
.SV. Jo/in t 24,34
St. Joh.v'.s Wort
1'amilv 2 427
St. John'.swnit 3 429
Bedstraw 431
ISushy 430
Canadian 43,5
Clasping-leavod 434
Common 4.33
Copper-colored 4,32
Corymbed 433
Creeping 431
j Dense-flowered 4,30
j Drum mend's 435
Dwarf 434
! Elliptic-leaved 432
St. John'sworl
J\i/s/- i
(tiant
Great :
Kalui'.'.
Larger Can uliau
Larger Marsh
Marsh
Mountain
Northern
Pale
Round-podded
429
429
4.VI
4,1^
4.57
4.V'
4.U
4.V
4,ii
Shrubby 2 4311, f 2443
.Slfiider t 24,sS
Spotted 2 4.33
Small flowered 434
Slr.aggliug 432
Virg.ite 432
St. Peter's Wort 2 428
.Sii/iit/ Tree f lo-^ii
Salfern Stone-seed
3 ".',
Sullvhli'KiH I25(>6
S.ilmon berrv 2 kii)
.Sa/iX'/i i 163 J
.Salsify, Meadow 3 209
Sii//-i^ras\ 1 4,5t
Rus/i f 403
.S(7//-,;'/(7/i(' f 1390
Sall-meadow Grass
I 176
Saltof-Lemous 2 ,145
Sa/Zrlieum .teed {3244
.Stil/ueed f 926
Saltwort I 5S6, f 13.89
Black 2 592
.Salvini.\F.vmilvi ,u
.Salvinia 3}
Samphire, Marsh 1 582
/tiniiiiia f ,3897
.Sanc/Utiry i 28,32
.Sand-bur
3 1,16, f 2S4, 3,S9,S
-cherry f i(),H,s
-<rrass f 1356
.Sand myrtle 2 ,362
-ne///e f 2305
-parsley 2 52,3
-reed 1 166
■spur f 284
-spurry 2 37
-vine 3 16
Sandalwood Family
I .S.16
.Sandweed 2 yi
.Sandwort 2 31 -7
Arctic ,■^2
J led f 1,314-16
Blunt-leaved 2 .35
Fendler's 32
Fringed 31
Hooker's 32
Large-leaved 3,3
Mountain 34
Pine-barreu 33
Pitcher's 34
Purple 37
Rock 33
Sea-beach y)
Seaside 37
.S/inuy f 15111
Texas 2 34
Thyme-leaved 31
Vernal 33
■'^anj^ I 26,30
Sanghara-nut 2 500
.Sani;tceri)o/ or
.Sang- re/ t 1281
Sanguinary 3 4,35
.Sanicle 2 523
American 3 179, f 1845
Jt/aci- f 2664
Gieti/ i 1956
Indian, White, 3 312
Yorkshire 3 194
.Sai'odili.a Family
2 ,S9.S
.S'lniti'n'.': Corn i 1316
.Siira/i { 1049
.Siirditin Xii/ f 1226
.Sarsaparilla
2 ,S'Vi-7. f 1033
/'/;• t 12S3
Ilristly 2 ,=07, f 103,3
J'lt/.sc f 2628
Roui;h i 2629
7£Mi7.i or )'e/lt>:r
. . * '649
Virgini.i 3 3.16
.Sas.safras, Sw.iui)) 3 48
Sassafras-tiee 97
.Sii/in i 1740
Satin-flower
2 "3.i f 1 t7,S. >74i'
-!,'/-<7.Vt i ,121-2
Satin-pod 2 131
■ ua/nn/ i iSSo
Sauce-alone 2 11,3
Savin i 60, f 1,14
Ilttr.te f 1,11
AVi/ f 1 1,1
Savory, Sunimer 3 107
.Sti:,-:ror/ f ,5643
S.\XI1'KA(.K I'AMII.Y
2 169
Saxifrage 2 171-77
Aconite 177
Ali)ine-brook 172
Bulbous 172
Burnet .326
Clustered Alpine 174
Drooping 172
Havly 2 174
Foliose 17,3
Golden iSi
Gray's 173
Kidney-leaved 176
Lettuce 174
Livelong 173
Michaux's 176
Mountain 171
Nodding 172
Pennsylvania 173
Purple 171
Sengreen 171
.Spring i 1S33
Starry 2 17,3
Swamp 173
Three-toothed 172
Tufted 173
Yellow Marsh 171
Y'ellow Mountain 171
Scabby-head 2 511
Scabious 3 249
Sweet ,388-9
.Scahis/i f 2570, 2,392-3
Scabwort 3 404
.Sca/dueed i 2963
.Stammony, ll'i/d f 2945
( ierman f 2931
.Stdih/ree i ii]i!^2
.Scar/e/-herry '3218
-lightning" 2 14
Schedonnardus 1 179
Scheuchzeria 84
Schizaea f 12
Sclerolepis 3 306
Scolochloa 1 iixj
Scoke 594
Scorpion-grass 3 61
Harly 61
Field 62
Marsh, Mouse-ear, 61
Spring 63
Yellow and Blue 62
Scotch-cap 2 201
.Scotch-mercury 3 171
.Scouring Rush i ,0
.Scram b/ing" Rocke/
f 1696
[Vot. III.
I Family
2 595
On It i i,v6
f fo49
Kl I 1226
a
5.)<i-7, f 1053
f 128,5
2 5117, f i(),s5
f 2628
f 2029
f 1649
2 506
Swamp 2 48
lee 07
f 1740
\, i 147.S. 174"
f ,<2I-2
f iSSt)
e 2 Il,s
I 61), f I (4
initner 3 107
K I'AMII.Y
2 I()9
2 171-77
■77
rook
1:
il Alpine
leaved
othetl
Marsh
2
172
526
174
172
2 174
175
iHi
'75
176
174
>7.i
176
171
172
173
171
171
2 175
173
172
173
. "7'
Mountain 171
ad 2 511
3 249
388-9
f 2570, 2.S(|2-,-5
404
296,5
I', II 'ill! i 2945
in f 2g,si
f 1982
f ,5218
2 14
I 179
84
f 12
s 3 3"6
I I 21HJ
594
tras.s 3 61
63
62
tlouse-ear, 61
63
md Hlue 62
I 2 201
rcury 3 171
^ush I .38
r^ Rockel
f 1696
^2
I,-,/
Iff
irdns
ria
Vol,. III.] I'NCLISH INDEX, INCLI'DINC. I'OriLAR PLANT NAMIIS.
581
Scratch-grass !
3 220, f 1,555
■vecii f,54i2
Site:) aiigi r f 112,5
Siieu -^leiu i 2S87
Scto/tila/itanl
f 2471, ,5242
-roii/ i 1012
- .'1 rid i 1 1 ,52
Scnrfy pea
2 2S1, f 20?S, 20<)0
Stiiii'ish i 25711
Sciiriy f 1701
Scurvy-grass
2 115; 3 ,522
■;('(■<•(/ f 1(194 ;
Sea-ash 3 555 j
hnil f82l!
Sea-l)lite i 584-5
Atiiiiiiil i 1,594
// V.i/i > II f 13(15
Sea-buKloss 3 ,59
-burdock 298
Sea-chickweed 2 ,56
-gill.vflower ,595
.Siii-x'rafc f 1,596
/Ciii;lislt f I 589
Sea grass
^ 505, f 17(1, iS,5
■liny f i8,i
-lu'llyliihk i 24,54
■kenips 3 2(K)
-lavender 2 ,594
-Inngwort 3 ,5<)
milkwort 2 592
-Ox-eye 3 421
-parsley 2 510
-pea ,5,(o
■fi'iipiiittl f 1512
-pink 2 ,595. f 144.5
■pnrslane I 59S; 2 ,56
-rocket 2 117
-snli;e f 821, 88,5
-thrift 2 ,5ci5, f 1 596
-trifoly " 2 592
-<i7(j(X- f 18,5
Sealuvrl f 10,59-40
Seocu Family i 254
Sedge I 2C)2-,\(-».i
Alpine ,506, ,512
Arctic Hare's-foot 355
Assiniboia i '519
Awl fruited ,54,5
Awned 502
Hack's 358
Hai ley's 21^9
Harralt's 512
lleak i 048-60
Heiit I 328
Ihcknell's \,(%-\
Higelow's 510
niack 306
Itlack-edged 335
Hlackentd 297
Itladder 20,5
lUnnt lirooni 5,56
Boott's 356
Bottle 297
Bristle-leaved 332
Bristle-stalked ,339
Bristly ,501
Bristly-spiked 346
Broad-leaved 3,50
Broad-winged 3,59
Bronie-like ,5,54
Jhoom f 216, 220
B"iwn I ,507
Bi vned ,5,57
Bi viiish ,551
B 1 -reed ,548
Button 298
Capitate 3.59
Carey's 328
Carnation grass ,5,50
Carolina 317
Sedge
Cat-tail I .502 I
Chestnut 319
Clustered 1 ,544, 352-3
Coast I 340
New Kugland 3 519
Collins' I JQ2
Common i 724
Glial i 7.i.(
/.riser f7ii5
Crawc's i 323
Crn-i- { 4115, vaf. 1
Creeping i ,5,(1
Crested 357
Curved ,541
Cuspidate 311
Cyperus-like ,5c«
Hark Cireen 321
Davis' 318
Dense Long-beak 3110
Dewey's ,554
Douglas' 342
Downy Green 316
Drooping i 311
Drooping Wood 320
Dry-spiked ,5,55
Eastern 3,50
Emmons' 354 '■
Fescue ,559
F'ew-flowered 2<)2
F'ew-fruited 325
Few-seeded 295
Fibrous-rooted i 555
I'ield 325
Fox ,545
Fox-tail 344
Fragile 2<)6
Frank's ,501 ;
Fraser's 3,56 '
Fringed 314
Ctlancescent 322
Cilaucous 515
-Iteulli f 742
C.olden fruited i 3,41
(loodcnnugh's ,iii9
Ciraceful 317
C.rass-like 330
{iray ,521
(".ray's 293
Creen 324
C.reenisli-white 3,59
Hairy-fruited ,502
Hairy ,?ii6
Hair-like 320
Hammer ^71.5
Handsome i 31.'^
Hare's-foot 1 ,5,53, 3,56
Hart Wright's 2c;c)
Hay 357
Hayden's ,518
Heavy 345
Hidden-fruited 314
Hillside 355
Hirsute 310
Hitchcock's 325
llotiry f 847
Hop 1 294 ,
Hoji-like 21)4 i
Hoppner's 310
Houghton's ,505
Hudson Bay 352
Inland 3,50
Involute-leaved 341
James' 537
Large 2^5
Large-panicled ,343
Leavenworth's 349
Lenticular ,509
Lesser Panicled 344
Lesser Prickly ,548
Little Prickly 3.50
Livid 331
Long 2C)3
Long-awned 313
Long-beaked 319
Sedge
Long-bracted 1 323
Long-stalked ,533
I.oiise-nowertd 327
Loose flowered
Alpine 312
Low Noithern ,532
Louisiana 294
Magellan 515
Marsli f7o5
Marsh Straw 1 358
Meadow I 322, 3,54
Mead's I 327
Mud 31,5
Muhlenberg's ,540
Muskingum 355
^tyrllc f883
Nard 1 ,540
Narrow-leaved 321
Nebraska ,508
Necklace 207
New ICugland ,534
-coast 3 5119
Nodding I 315
Northeastern 296
Tin hern 3,54
Northern Clustered
1 ,552
Northern Meadow ,5,54
Noiway 351
Oval headed 34c)
Pale 324
Parry's ,507
Particolored 331
Pennsylvania 33,5
I'ink iiaf f -fd
Plaiilaiii-leaved I 329
Pointed Broom 3,5fi
Porcupine ,500
Pricklv I 348, 350
Grinler " f S38
Pubescent I 3,56
Rae's 295
Kavcn's-foot 343
Kedowsky's ,540
Keflexed 347
Ketrorse 2<)8
Ribbed 316
Kichardson's 332
Kiver bank 503
Kock 3,58
Rough ,504
Russet 2C)6
.Sallow 299
Salt marsh 310
Sand ,342
Sartwell's ,546
Schweinilz's 31K1
Scirpus-Iike 557
Sea f 821, 883
Seabeach I 3,58
Seaside 314
Sharp-scaled 318
Sheathed 326
.Short-leaved 312
Short s 303
Silvery ,551
Slender 305
Slender-'^talked 320
Slender Wood 328
Soft Fox 342
Soft-leaved 346
Southern Claucous
I ,515
Sparse-flowered 352
Spreading 329
S<iuarrose 501
Stellate 347
Straw 3,58
Summer 317
Swamp 505
Surei f 883
Texas 1 547
Thicket 3,50
Thin-frniltd 322
Sedge
Thin leaved i ,548
Thread-leaved 3,59
Three-fruited 3,5,5
Torrey's 324
Tuckerman's 2C)8
Tutted f 724
Tussock I ,5C»
Twi'-led 311
I'mbel like ,5,55
Variable 326
Variegated 307
Velvet 3114-
Vernal 3.55;
Walter's 30.^4
Water ,5tK>
Weak Arctic ,338!
Weak Clustered 3,53
White-hear 329
White-scaled 555
Whitish f847
Willdenow's i ,537
Wood's 326
Woolly 305
Vellow 323
Yellow-fruited 345
Yellowish 292
•See-btight 3 1 01
Seed-box 2 479
Sklagi.vklla Family
I 44
Selaginella 44-5
Selenia 2 1 54
Self-heal 3 88-9
Seneca Snakeroot 2 ,560
Senecio 3 476
Arctic 476
Douglas' 481
Sea-btacli 476
Se>ief;aroiit f 2285
Sengreen 2 168
-saxifrage 171
Seiilin/aiiac i 2,549
.Sknna Family 2 256
Senna, American 2,58
Coffee 25()
Low 2,58
I'rairie f 2055
Sukle f 2056
Wild 2 25S
Sensitive-brier 2,56
-fern 1 9
-Joiut-vetch 2 312
-pea 257-8
-plant 2 2,57, f 2032
Bastard 2 312
rose t 2031
Siiivie f 1700. 1701
Serenia 3 263
Serfieiitffrass i 131S
Serpentary i 540
Serpen I' s-louqjie i i
Service-berry 2 237-9
Ser-'iee-lree i 1085
American 2 233
Sesban 296
Selwell 3 245
Set eii-hari i 1858
-iisters f 2332-3
Shad- hush 2 23S, f 1985
-flo-ier i 1755, 2774
Shag-bark I 4S5-6
I.iltle i 1 1 57
Southern 3 51 1
Shaki rs f 4,55
ah ame-faee it 239
-•■ine f 2031
Shamrock 2 272, 275,
270. 345
/in/ian f 1047
llalei {5889
Sha-re-giiiss il'ecd f 84
Shavings '2845
Shn7tnee:tPi'(i f 3368
Sheath-flower 3 314
■^~— '^-
582
1;NGLISH index, INCLUDINC. POITLAR plant NAMl'S. [\'uu. in.
SliLtp-berry 3 2.^j, f.u+s
-bine 3 20
■bur 29>
Sht't-f> hiir. .Sum// t 3021
Shfcp foot 3 2S1)
SlitJCi)-Uiirel ,V).i
-//.(■ f.VH'i
S/ii'fpiiosi- f 1910
Sliecp poison 2 503
SliLi-proDt, -rot 3 194
Sliet]) sorrel
1 547, f 2250-1, 2254
P.iisoii t 2254
.Sbei.-p'.><-go\v;iii 2 i-'i
Sluiupuved 2 l^; 3 194.
f 2430
SlK-ll-liark I 4*5
Jin:, T/iiik. i ^\y■^
ll'tiltrii i 1155
Sliell-llower 3 149
Slieplierd's Clock 2 ^^i},
■L-/ll/> f i.'2u
-(/(•//;■/(/ f 2>-'4
-needle 2 5',i
-purse, -biig, -poucli
-slalT 3 24S
-WeaUier-sl.iss 2 593
Slierartl, Herb 3 2211
S/ii-riif-pin/i f ?,'/'>^
Shield-fern i I's-i^
-root i Tp
S/iiii/iiQ'-grais
f 1634. 23^S
Shin-leaf
2 550, f 2727, 2732-3
.S/iiit-:ro<iii I 135
Shitlini-wood
2 596, f 2S33
S/iof-iiial-i- i 2349
S/i<'c:i-inii/-S/Oc'iiiti;'.<,
Lady's i 2c)■^4
Slioe-striiiRS 2 2^7
/>e:'i/'s fill:
.S/ioo I'ly f 2050
SliootinV .Star 2 594
Shore K'r^iss, -weed
3 211
S/ioi/-li II sk, 111 a rded
S/ior/s/iiic/cs f 115
S/io/biisli i 262>
S/ii>:r/-:i-eed f 17,52
Shrub Vellow-root
2 55
Shrubby Althaea 420
■/em f ii(j2
-trefoil 2 35J
S/iuiiis f 2655
Sibbaldia 2 217
Si Iberian Oilseed f 1753
.S;c<-/( -.;'r(!iof f 739, 1355
Sickle-pod 2 149
aick/e-sciiiia f 2036
-erm/ f 1333
-wort 3 7&, »S
vSida 2 421
Side-saddle Flower i(io
SieRlintfia i 185; 3 503-4
Silt-grass
f 312, 1027, 3652
Silkp/ant ^3,379
>Silk-weed 3 5, 10
M'ic or Swamp f 2905
Si/ltygrass ^3'^'
Silver-beard i 217
Silver-bell Tree 2 598
Silver-berry 467
-billion f 3851)
-chain 2 294
-chickweed 38
-feallier f 1934
-/(/•, American f 126
-grass 3 322
Silverhead 2 3S
Siher-leaf 2 309, 4<i3.
^fiX. 3 +11. * '53^. ''^"'t
Si/rer-piii, /ihiii i 165"^
Silver-rod 3 333
-weed 2 21C], i i63>i,
iS.^i. 238S-9, 3676
Situpler'.-i joy '3 70
Simeon. Sunpson 4!»2
Sink/ie/d i M35
Sisynibnuui, Tall 2 1 ih
Sil/iist i\t.\>
Skeilge. Skedgwith
2 6<54
Slced/oik i 1707
.S,{-Cl,''>
;/■,;,'(■)■, )•<//":., f 1077
Skektotl-wted 3 270
Skevisli 3.SS
Ski:, CI :, ,h>d f 230^
Skiver-wnod 2 (ii5
Skull-cap 3 7S->3
/t'//'t' f 3075
]!:ilton's 3' >2
Downy 79
Druunnond's Si
Jun\>fti-aii f 3o'*7
li.iiry 3 >o
Heart-leaved So
Hvssop 80
/..'('-(■-//.•;. tv,-,/f 3080
Larger 3 >o
/.;///(■ l3'i'^3
Mad-dog 3 71)
Marsli 8,;
Prairie >2
Resinou-^ 81
Kock 82
Sliiiwy 79
.Si,/,:-r/it:,criii^ f 3075
Small 3 M
Veined 83
Skunk-biisli 2 3^7
-eal)l)aije I 3'i3, f 1801
Skiink-ciirraiil i i>72
-.-,,<•,/ f.-<Si
S/,rk-/t-at' i 2754
S/tepiiii; HtJiily f 2250
S/i'epv hick f ioi<(
Slink-:, c-ed t 254). 3502
S/ifpers " i "2389
Slip/yri-r.Hh' f 1092
.:,iYd f 2388
.Slippery eliu I 525
Sloe ■ 2 250; 3 233
A/lef;/iaiir f 2.)I2
S/i))it'-n/,;i»i f 2010
Slovenwood 3 4(j4
Sliink-,ceed » ,3f>i5
.Smallaffe 2 ,533
Sina//-piKV p/anl f i.'<iii
Sniartweed i ,560
Sinellnic -S/iik i 1054
Sinirk Sni,irk f 1724
Smidd]'-li-aves i 1370
Smii.ax Family i 438
Sinilax 439
Suioke-tree, Wild 2 3^9
Siiiokiiiif-bian f 3367
Sna/iles f 3335
Sna^^-biisli i 2016
Snai; Tree f 2721
Snake-berry
3 137. j 1554, 3404
■bile I l,^^. 1665
-flower 3 (hj. 95, f 1455,
1477, 2822, 3056
-g.ntian 3 2N)
-urass 3 61, I 1477
-head 3 149
-lea/, Vellozo i 1012
-///)' f 1069
-milk f 2^21
-moss i </>
Snake-raoutli 1 467
U'norled fin?
Snake-pipes i 77, Ni
Snake root I 540;
2 523-4, f 1554. 4"47
Hlack 2 56, •,2^. i 2Mrf)
Button 2 522, 3 315-1^
Canada i 5','^
Od/sioo/ i 1277
Crrn f 2iit)ii
De Witt's 3 290
Kieixreen 122^'*
//ev;;/ f 1277
Heart leaved 2 57
l'ois,'ii i 2(>^|
A'edberrv i 15,4
.S,llllpS,'ll
f 2S74-5, 288.1
Samson's 2 2S5
Seneca 360
Siiiilliern f 1277
'J'liernion i 1441
I'eniiont i 1277
Virginia 1 54"
White 3 31-
ll'lii/eberrj' f I5S5
;r/A/ f3i»,5
Snake-tongue 3 4114, f i
Snake-:, red
f I2.>I, MI 6, 2604
li/aik ' fi2-s
Poison i 2DS4
Siiaphri );r f 34^4
Snai)dr,ij;on 3 147-8,
i 15111, 23>"<. 32'i6
Corn f 3241
.V/;i//i /,ick f 1477
Snappers i 1443, 1477
Snap-weed 2 403-4'
f 1 056. 23ft '^
Snap-:io,td i 16511
.Sueezeweed 3 4511-51
Snee/^ewort 3 454
-tansy 454
-yarrow 4=4
Snidde/ f 705
Sill':, -ball, Li /lie i •540;
Wild 2' 407
Snowberry 3 235-6
Creeping 2 5S1
Snow-blossoin 6.13
-dri// i 1775, 17SS
.Snowdon Rose 2 165
Sno:,dr,ip < 345'
}'el/o:c f 1012
Snowdrop-berry 3 235
Snowdro]) Tree 2 598
Siio:, dr,ips f 1576
Snoiifiake f 1471
Siio:ciJlo:i'er Treet 2^45
Sno:c-oii-tlie-.Moiiiilain
i 2322
Siio:ty Campion i 1442
■Ilydraii'^ea f 1851)
Soap. Poor-man's f 1884
SoaI'HEkrv Family
2 402
Soapberry 402
-planl, Indian f 2386
-rool i 1466
Siap-:ieed t 1026
Soapwort 2 18
-gentian 2 616, f 1466
.Soap:, oil. While i I45()
.Soldier Uullons I 1545
Soldiers 2 473,
f 1456, 1973. 3023
Soldier's-cap 2 104
■plume f 1 1 12
-woundwort 3 455
.Soleiiline » 23'?8
Solomon 's-seal
I 43"-i, 433-4, * 1097
Dicar/ i 1039
I'alse i 1 03 1 -2
Greal or Giant i 1040
SmallorZig:agi 1031
.Sophora, .Silky 2 263
Sorrel i 517 -8, 553
Coik, Knglisli f i.ioi
Co:,- f I2()9
Genl/eman's f 1299
Green or Meado:,'
f 1,301
Horse f 1299, '3'>7
Ladies' 2 34(j, f 22,54
Meado:,' f 1301
Mniiiilain f 1299
A''(/ or Wood i 1299
Sheep 1 547,
f 2250-1. 2254
Toad's f 1299
Sorrel-tree 2 571, f 2770
.Sour- or .S,<:( -/lerry
f 2799
.Soiir-biisli i 3068
Sour dock i 548,
f 1299, 1300, 1 315
-grass f 1299, 1301
Sour grass, Ladyi 2254
Sonr-gum 2 547, f 2723
-leek t 1299
-trefoil. -Iri/oly 2 345
-wood 571
Southernwood 3 41)4
.Sow-bane I 573, f 13(18
-berry f 2799
-foot 3 469
■gr,iss flfjji
Sow-thistle 3 271-2
-HI f iSi/s, ifjio
.Spanish I'.ayonet i 426
Spanisli Lettuce 2 4
.Spani.sh Needles 3 439
.Sparkk-berry 2 580
.SpiirriK, -grass t 1028
-longiie f 1337
Span i 945
Spatter-dock 2 42
.Spattling Poppy 2 9
Spear-grass i 201-8, 214
.\lpine I 203
Arctic 203
liuckley's 208
Ilnncli f 478
Chapman's I 202
Flexuons 206
C.lancous 205
Large-flowered 208
Low 201-2
Meadozf f 4S8
Jlountain i 203, f 464
Northern I 205
Prairie 208
Sea 214
Short-leaved 207
.Soiilherii i 431
.Sylvan i 206
Weak I 206
Wolf's 207
.Spearmint
3 119, ^31*3-4
Spearwort 3 75-6
Speckled /ezcels f 2388
Spee<lweil
Alpine 3 168
Huxbaum's 170
Byzantine 170
Common 168
Corn i6g
Field 170
C.arden 170
('■ermander 168
Ivy-leaved 170
Marsh 167
Procumbent 170
Purslane 169
Skull-cap 167
Tall i 3299
Thvme-leaved 3 169
Upland 168
Wall 169
f
[V(Ji.. III.
Silk}- 2 2f)3
I 5t7-«. ,\S3
iii^lisli i \,\o\
i i2()9
iaii'<: i 12911
r Mecid.'u-
i 1 301
f r2<ic,, 1307
2 340, f 22S4
f 1301
ill i I2Q()
H\>ot1 f 1299
1 M7.
f 2250-1. 2254
f 1299
e 2 571, f 2770
^t':c-l<eiiy
'
i 2709
( f V)6H
1 5(8,
299, I3rxi. 131,5
f 1299, 1 301
v.t, Ltidvi 2254
2 547, f 2723
f 1299
■tiifoly 2 345
571
vood 3 4f)4
I 573, * i.V'S
12799
3 469
f 1^91
le 3 271-2
f iS.,--, 1910
'.aymiet i 426
.c-tUice 2 4
Cufclles 3 439
;rry 2 5.S0
iirasi f IU28
f 13,17
f 94.S
)Ck 2 42
I'oppy 2 9
ss I 21JI-8, 214
I 203
21M
•'s 208
f478
all's I 202
IS 2i>6
IS _ 20,S
owe red 2u8
201-2
f 4S8
ill I 203, f 464
•11 1 20s
2o8
214
;avea 207
■n f 431
I 206
I 206
207
I
3 119, {3183-4
t 2 75-6
Je-vels t 238S
3 i68
m's 170
ne 170
11 168
169
170
170
der 168
i-ed 1 70
167
bent 170
e 169
ap 167
*3299
•leaved 3 169
168
I69
Vol.. III.] ENGLISH INDEX, INCLUDING I'OPULAR PLANT NAMES.
583
Speedwell
Water 3 167
Speerliawk 282
.Spriiixe f 102S
Speriiiolepis 2 537
Spice-berry ,S72
-busli 2 98, fi65o. 2627
-r.'OOi/ f i6,v>
Si)ider-flo\ver 2 i,S5
■/ily f')i"
Sl'IDERWOKT I'AMII.V
» 374
Spiderwoit ,',77-8; 3 510
SpiKnet 2 ^iiij
Spikenard i 429
American 2 •.<^'>
False i I1131
J'/iiiit^/iiiiaii's {,(834
Small 2 506
Wild 1 429
Spikenard-tree 2 ,so6
Spike-rush i 24S
lleaked 2,V)
lllack-l'iuitod 254
llri^lit Green 2,vi
Capitate 250
Creeping 2,ii
ICiiReliiiann's 251
Flat-stemmed 2;i
Knotted 2t8
Large-tubercled 2^3
J.easI i 5S7
Matted I 25,=;
Needle 232
Ovoid 2.51
Pale 249
Purple 250
Quailrangular 249
Kobbins' 249
Slender 25,5
Small-fruited 253
Three-ribbed 254
Twisted 25,^
White 2.S4
Wolf's 232
Spilaiitliis 3 4'4
Spiiiaih, French 1 1369
.Sliniibfity f 137,=;
iniii i iT,^<). 1370
Spindle-tree
2 .TO5. i 2367
Spingel 2 525
.Spink i 1470. 1724
Spiraea 2 196-7
.Spins i 290, 3S0, 420
,S/>iri/-:teeii i io<)i
.St>h'en-anuiraiilli f 1399
Spleenwort i 22
Sec Fern
.Sfi/ceituor/bns/i fii62
.S/>i>o/-:,iWd f I2I2
JSpoc'ii/ltKier, A iio:c-
leaved f 879
Spooit/iunt f 2757
.Spoonhulch i 27,50
.Spoiiiraoi'l f 1694
Spoon-wood 2 564
,Spooiiu'ood-ivy f 2756
.Spraiiglts i 2396
SpriiiK Beauty
2 3. i 1578
ll'liile-leaved i 1430
.Spn'nii-cozLslip f 1545
-///.r tioi3
Spririfrwort 2 377
Spruce I 54-5,S
Black I 55, f 121
Blue i 122
Ca/ f 121-2
/double t 122. 127
Heni!och f 124
/'/«? f 121
Red I 55
.Single f 121, 121)
.SHunk fi2i
Spruce
Swamp 3 V^'
White I 54, f 122
.Sprutc-ffinii liec f 122
Sl'l-Riili Faiiilv
2 361-81
Spurge 2 ^71-81
Alleuhany Mt. 2 384
Aiiicled 375
IShuk < 2314
Blooming 2 .^75
I!lotc:ie<l ,-,7,!
Blunt-leaved 37^
Broad-leaved 37S
Caper 377
Cypress 3^1
Darlington's 37^
Fendler's 374
I'UnveiiiiK 375
Caidi-n f2U7
Hairy 3 518
" Siireaditig 3 373
Hciary ,;74
CieyL-r'^ 372
Ipecac 377
Kiiotweed 371
Large Spotted 375
Leafv 38.1
-Myrtle 377
Narrow-seeded ,;74
Nicaean 3S1
Petty 370
Prairie 371
Ouack SaUcr's 3M
Reticulate-seeded 379
Ridge-seeded 373
Round-leaved
" Spreading 372
Rocky Mountain 381
Seaside 371
Shoii- i 2,V)7
Spotted 2 373
Sun 370
Thyme-leaved 372
Tinted 3>'c
Toothed 370
Tpriglit Spotted 375
Wirieifatid f 2322
Various-leaved 2 377
Wait f 2332
Will ted i 2320
Warty 2 370
While-flowered 371
White-margined 376
Spuixt'-fln.v f 2534
■ipecac f 2325
-laurel 2 465
Spurge Nettle 2 3'>v
Spurge Olive 465
Spurry 2 36-7
Knotted f 1498
.Spurl-i;rass f 627
Spurwort 3 226
.Si/ua.sli-l'eiiy 13437
Squatinoi c t 1607
Siiuaw-fevrr f 271P
-bush ' 3 2,-v),
<27i4. 343.S
■drops i 335>
-flouer t 1047
-huckleberry 2 580
-mint 3 106
■plum ^3404
-root 3 197.
f 1047, 1643
-vine 3 216
Squaw-weed 3 475
Northern 479
Robbins' 480
Round-leaf 478
Small's 479
Swamp 480
Western^ 480
Squirrel-c^i 2 104
■cup f 1578
Sijuiircl
■cm . . .,,.
■pci, Ground f l(-)45
■slioes i 1 1 189
Staff-Tree Family
2 ,393
StalTlree 39O
-vine ,Vi''
Stag-biisli 3 233
Slaggerbusli 2 $('»)
-grass I 444
■ :,ccd f 1562, 1671
-wort 3 482
.Sliif^lioi n t 2548
Slaifliorn^infl^s I'.i''
Stammer root 3 295
Stanleya 2 109
Starcliuorl i >^-i>
.Star-bloom f 2S48
■cliiclr.i ecd f 1476
■eyed 1^1 ass i 1085
•flow-er 2 ,592,
f 1019, 1477. 1935
Star-grass ' i ,v8o. 425.
I 440; 2 3S1; 3 227
Star-leaved Gum 2 193
Star-of-Bctlilehem
I 423-4, f 2822. 3-,03
St;ir-of-Jerusaleiii 3 209
Star-quince 2 245
-)-;).'/ f 1023
Stare t 724, 821
Starlights ^ 2 344
Starry Campion 8
.Starieacre i 1625
Starwort, Bog 2 21
Drooping i 402
Greater 2 22
Lesser 23
.Ucaly f 1023
Mountain 2 34
Pine 3 393
Sandpaper ,^0;
Water 2 382
Yellow 3 404
Starwnrls 354
Staverwort 482
Slcdfast f 2304
Sleep-grass 3 194
Steeple-bush 2 196
Stenaiithiuni I 403-4
Stenopliylhis 2,58
Stenosii)lioii 2 499
Stenotus 3 320
Slepmollier 12511
Sicvia f 3629
Stick-aback 3 220
Stick-button 484
Stickleback 220
Stickseed 3 54-6, 438.
*I957
Stick-tight
3 43'^, f 3"2i, 3023
-weed 3 295.
* 1957, 3924
Old I'lrgmia 13800
Stini^inq;-bush i 2305
-nettle i 531
Stipa I 1,37-S
Stitchw-ort, Bog 2 21
Fleshy 24
Greater 22
Lesser 23
Long-leaved 22
Long-stalked 23
Marsh 21
Northern 21
Sicamp i 1474
Water a 24
Stonecrop, Biting 2 166
Crooked Yellow 167
Ditch 169
Mossy 166
Narrow--petaled 166
Nevius' 16S
Stonecrop
Redexed 2 167
riiire-lcaved i 1818
Torreys 3 166
Virginia 169
Wild 167
Stone-mint 3 116
-root 123
rue f53
-seed, Sal fern 3 63
■ueed 11,(37
Stokax Family 2 ,598
Storax ,509
Stork's-bill 344
Strainoniuui 3 125, 139
Straugle-tare
2 328, f 336i-)-2
Strangle-weed 3 27
.Stra-f-tv!l f i|86
Strawberry 2 206-7
American Wood 207
Barren 2 218, i 1922
/■'";■ * 19.(7
Dry 2 218
Kuropean Wood
2 207
Hedvc f 1910
Inilian 2 20S, f 1375
Mocli f 11(12
.Mountain i igo)
Nortliern Wild 2 2, 16
Scarlet 206
Southern Dry 3 516
Virginia 206
WiUl 216
Yellow 208
Strawberry Blite I 576
•bush
2 394, f 1650, 2367
-spinach i 1375
Strawukrky-Shrvh
Family 2 94
Strawberrv-shrub
2 95; 3 19
■tassel i 22S1
-tomato
3 126, 1 28, 131-2
■ lice f 2,167
.Stra :t -lilies f 988
Stuartia 2 426-7
Stub-wort 2 343
Stiid-flozcer £971
Styptic-zceed f 2038
Succory. Gum 3 270
Dwarf Hog's or
Swine's 265
Lamb 265
Wild 3 262
Succorv Dock-cress 262
Suck -bottle 9,'>
Suckles 2 276
Suckling. Yellow- 275
Lamb 279
Sugar-berry
I 526, f 198,5
Sugar Maple 2 398
-pear 2 238, f 1985
Sugar-plum
t 1985, 2075
Suaar-tree 2 ,398
SuUivautia 2 177
Sr.MAC Family 2 3.85
Sumac, A mer. i 2348
Black 2 386
Chinese 3,55
Climbing i 2353
Common i 2347
Dwarf 2 3S6
Fragrant 387
Hairy f23t8
Ill-scented 2 387
Mountain 2 386, f 1975
Pennsylvania i 2349
Poison 3 388
Scarlet 387
584
ICNGLISH INDI'X, INCLUDING POl'l'LAR I'LANT NAMKS. [Vol. III.
Siiinnc
.V/ft* f 2,U0
Smooth 2 387, f 2,M7
Stnghorn a 386
Sunnif) f 23s J
Sweetsifiitid 3 .iH;
Ttiiilhii; f 2.(51
rpliiiid' J .v'^t
/'(•/:■(•/ f 2348
I'ifuiitia 1 2,148
While f 2,Uy
Sum me r
-/«/(;(■ f 1790
-savory j 107
•Snuujlake t 1019
SUNKEW 1''AMILV J itio
Sundew 2 1(^1-2
Siindiitl i 2057
Sundrops 3 489-491
Sunflower 3 422, f 2824
Hrook 3 436
Common \:2
False 3 412, 450
Few-leaved 424
Ganirn f .VP"
Giant 3 425
Hairy 42(1
Hairy Wood 423
Linear-leaved 422
Maximilian's 425
Narrow-leaved 422
OblonR-leaved 42f)
Pale-leaf Wood 427
Prairie 423
Purple-disk 423
Red 420
Rough 426
Saw-tooth 425
Small Wood 424
Smooth 424
Showy 428
Stiff 3 423
Stiff-haired 428
Swamp 422, 450
Tall 3 425
Throat wort 427
Thin-leaved 427
Tick- seed
. 3 439-40, i 39,17
Wild 3 427,
ri?<''. .%'«-', ,W7
Woodland 3 426
Woolly 428
Sun-plant 3 6
-rose 439
•weed 379
Suppk-Jack 404
Siilerbfirv i 2269
Swallow-wort
3 103; 3 5. >6
Orange f 2900
Si/iy 1 2914
Swamp-apple 3 558
■ heirv i 1897
-brake ig
-cabbage i 881
■fern i 30
-glohefJiKier i 1548
-liornbeain f 2721-2
■ redberry 1 2799
-Robin i 880
-spruce 3 496
-wood 3 466, 1 3403
Swan-weed 3 367
Sii'cal-root '2093
Sueal-ueed f 2414
Sweating-weed 3 425
Siveeps f 965. 4077
Swell Allison i 1788
Sweet-bay 3 48, f 1652
■bean i 2041
-lienjamin f 4006
■berry 1 3444
-Hetsies i 1650
-birch 3 581, f 1 213
Sweet
• /.V//1'
f \.\(-,(>
Sweet brier
2 232
liroom
31 '
-bush
f 11(12
■cane
f 883
Sweet-cicely
3 531 >-V
Hairy
f 2(180
Sweet-clover
3 273-4
-fern
I 489
■ferry
f ll(.2
Sweet I'lag
« ,564
I-alse
f 1077
Sweet Kale
I 487
Canada
f 1 162
Sweet grass 3
227, f 883
Sweet gum
3 19.1
hairhoof
-hay
3 227
I 1954
.s'.-i eelhearl
f 1812
Sweethearts
3 220
Suett-iarvil
f 2t)8o-8i
Su eel- /oh n
f '47>
SWKET-LUAF
Family
3 507
Sweet-leaf
597
-^rary i
313'. 3'44
-m\i'lU
f 883
-pea, Wild
3 292
-pepper-bus
1 3 548-9
■polalo. Il'i/d i 2945
-rockil
UlT,
-rool, -rush
-scabious
3 388-9
•scented Shrub 3 95
■sedge
f883
■shrub
f 1650-1
-slum her
f 1665
-Susan
f 1450
■Iree
^ 2375
• ualnul
i 1 154
Sweet William
3 20, f
1457, 2972
Barbadoes
3 22
f 1468
Childinti
Mock
f 1450
Wild 3 33,
14, f 1466
S:reel-U'il/o:c
<H59
S:t eel Wilson
* 1833
Swine-cress
2 113
S:cine's-h<i»e
i 1368-9
Suine'sgrass
i 133-
Swinies
3 272
Su ilch-grass
f 270
Sxioid-flai;
i 1077
■grass
f 290, 618
Sycamore 3
194. 1 1254
False
f !88i
Synandra
» 1956
.S>«(/ari'
Syrian Tobai
TO T 1225
Syringa
a 185-6
Tacamahac
I 491
Talinum
2 2
Tallou-bayhe
>/l' f 1160
■rool
' fii44
-shrub
f 1160
Tamarack
> 54
Tangleberry
i 574
Tangle-fool
t 3434
■legs
I 3434
-lail
f 1813
Tank
2 514
Tansy
3 460-1
C.oose
a 2i6
Lake Huron 3 461
Sneezewort
or White
3 454
Wild 3
216; 3 295
Tansy Mustard 145
Tansy Ragwort 3 482
Tape-Grass Family
I 92
Tape- grass
93
Tar-fitch, Yellow 2 332
Tar weed 1 473; 3 321
Tare a 328-9
Tare-grass f 522
Tarn/'y f 1783
Tassel 3 492
■Jiouer, Red 12112
//■/;//( f 210<i
Tassel {>ond-i ccd f 176
■""'''' * 3593
Tiiuktn f 882
Tka Family 3 426
Tea, Appalachian
3 301 , f 2351)
Canada f 2775
Carolina 3 3<m
Coiilinenlal f 2742
Labrador 3 557
Marsh 557
Mountain 572
New Jersey 407
Oswego 3 IC12. f 3133
Paraguay (False)
„ ' \^^^^
Pidirii I 2292
South Sea 3 301
Suamp i 2741
Walfiole f 2',n()
(/•//,/ f2'l03
Teaberry
2 189, 572, f 2798
Tea-pliinl f 3444
Tear-thumb 1 567
Teaskl Fa.mily 3 247
Teasel, Common 248
Card, Draper's, 248
Fuller's, Wild, 248
Teil. Tile, f 2413, note
Ten-o'clock f 1019
Tench-ueed f 142
Tenluorl f 53
Tetragonotheca 3 414
Tetter-wort 2 103, 11665
Thale-cress 3 146
Thalia 1 455
Thaspium 2 518
Thalch i 270
Creek 1 176.
f 405 var. I
Thelespernia 3 441
Tlielypodium 3 110
Thermopsis 264-5
Thickslamen,
A men I a n f 2345
Thimble-berry a 2ni.
f 1890-1, 1898
-flower 3 88
Thimble-weed 3 63;
3 417, f 1576, 2112
Thimbles 3 171, 253
Fairy 171
Witches 3 491, f 3300
Thistle Family 3 '298
Thistle 3 4H5
Argentine 3 490, 491
Asses' 491
Bank 3 485, 489
Bell, Bird, liulton, 485
Jliller f 4081
Blessed 3 493
Blue 3 69. 485
Jioar 1 4058
Bull 3 485, f 4067
Buck 3 489
llriery iif^i
Bur 3 298, 485
Canada, Corn, 3 489
Card 248
Common. Bur, 4S5
Cotton, Down, .491
Creeping, Cursed, 489
Curled 490
Field, 485
Flowering i i(j6i
Fragrant 3 488
i Fuller's 248
Thistle
Hard 3 489
Hare's 273
Hedgehog 3 461
Hills 3 488
Holy 3 490, 14081
Horse 485, f 3537
Indian '3401
/aniaica i'ello:f
f 1663
Milk 3 272, 490
Musk 3 4S9, f 4075
Nebraska 3 4S7
Oat 491
Our Lady's 493, i 4074
Pasture ' 3 488
Pitcher's 486
Plume 4S5
Plumeless 489
Prairie 3 4S7, f 4063
Prieky i 4071
(Jueen Ann's 3 489
yueen Mary's 401
Ro.idside .(85
Russian i 586, f 1396
St. Benedict's 3 493
Scotch, Silver, 491
Sow, Swine, 272
Spear, Tall, 485
Star 493
American 493
Swamp, Way, 489
Virgin Mary's 3 490
Virginia 486
Water 248
Wavyleaved 486
Welted 490
Yellow 3 4.88, f 1663
-spined 3 487
Thorn 2 240, 250
(see Haw) 3 240-5
Black 3 250; 3 232,
f 20O3
Buck 2 250, 405-6
Chrisl's f 2006
Cockspur 3 240
Common i 2002
Do-u ny i 2001
Egyptian f 2006
Evergreen 3 245
I'ire 245
Dwarf 244
Glandular 243
Glaslonbury 1 1995
Hairy i 1999
Haw
3 341. f 1991, 1998
Hay, Hedge, 241
Hearl-leaved i 1994.
Large-fruited a 241
Long-spined 243
Maize 3 493
May 2 241
Mouse f 411S0
Narrou leaved i 1992
Newcastle a 240
Parsley-leaved 242
Pear 244
Pin ^ '991
Red-fruited 2 243
Scarlet 242
Southern 242
Tree i 1996
Virginia i 1094
Washington 2 241
White 3 241, f 1993,
1998, 2062
'fhorn-apple 3 139, 140,
f 1991, 19^, 2002
Thnrn-busli i 1991
Red i 1998
Thorn-locust f204i
-plum f 1991,
f 199S. 2002
poppy i 1663
3 4^<)
37'
i 461
3 4H8
490, f 4081
485. < .1537
el to:,'
f 1663
3 272. 490
4S*9. * 4"7,S
3 4><7
491
i 493, * 4074
3 4«8
4?6
4S,S
4*'9
1 4S7. < 4"f\^
I4071
I'K 3 4**9
ry's 4cri
4^5
586, f 1396
ct's 3 493
IvtT, 491
e, 272
1, 4X5
413
n 492
'ay, 4J*9
ry's 3 490
486
248
ed 486
490
( 488, f 1663
3487
3 240. 250
3 240-5
250; 3 232.
f 2002
2 240
f 2l)02
f 2(01
f 2lX)6
a 245
245
244
243
*'995
f 1999
1991.
1998
241
f 1994
3 241
243
3 493
2 24t
f 4<>So
•avcd i 1992
3 340
ved 242
244
f 1991
1 3 243
242
242
f 1996
f K(94
n 3 241
241. f 199.5,
1998, 21X)2
3 139. 140,
, 1998. 2003
f 1991
f 1998
t 12041
f I99I.
I I99H. 2002
fi663
Vol.. III.] ICNOI.ISII INI)i:X, INCLrOING rOI'l'LAR PLANT NAMKS.
585
Thoroiigliwax
* 529; 3 3M
ThorouKliwort 3 52(1;
3 3118-11
Coinnioti, Hairy, ,ui
Hyssop-lcived yn)
Liirj;c flowered 314
Liite-flowerinif 508
KimikIi 310
KoundUavtd ,ui
Sniallflowered ^nci
Tall ,5io
Tiirrey's .v«)
White 308
Wliiie-liracted ';i,«x
VervHiti 310
Thousand leaf 3 45s
Thread- foot 2 163
■aitd-uetUlc f 10.7
Three hi I ds i 11 is
Three leaved Ivy 3 j8s
■iiiKlitsliade i 435
•seeded Mercury
3 .565-r,
Three-square i 26,s
Thrift 2 505
America n 12827
European f .'S28
Lavender 3 594
Throat-root f 1945
Throat-wort 3 171, ys
Throiigh-gro.o f v>27
Thriim-:tort ^iSS
Thunder-//o:i ( ;•
f 1455, 1477, ir,,sq
•l)laiit 2 1(18
Thyme 3 87, 115
Hasil 3 KK), f 3147
Creeping 3 115
rietd f;,i4(>
Horse 3 11,8
Mother of, 115
Mountain '3155
Shepherd's 3 115
VirRinia 112
Wild 11?
Thyme leaf 3 455
Tick leu led 1984
Tickseed 3 313; 3 431-5
Crtss-leaved 3 432
Garden 432
Greater 453
Hairy 434
Large-flowered 435
Larks))ur 433
LanceUaved 434
Leafybracteil 437
Lohed, Running, 435
Pink, Kose, 431
Star 434
Stiff 432
Tall 435
Thick-leaved 434
Whorled. Wood, 433
Tickseed Sunflower
3 439-4»
Tick-trefoil 3 313-321
Canadian 2 320
Cream-flowered 315
Dillen's 319
Few- flowered 314
Hairy, Small-leaved
2 321
Hoary 317
Illinois 319
Large-bracted 317
Long-leaved 317
Naked-flowered 314
Panicled 318
Point-leaved 314
Prostrate 315
Rhomb-leaved 318
Rigid, Showy. 320
Ronnd-teaiid 12174
Sand 3 315
Tick-trefoil
Sessile leaved 3 316
Smooth 318
Smooth Small-
leaved \3o
.Still '31(1
Trailing 3 31(1, f 2I74
Velvet-Uaved 3 3i()
Tick weed 3 lof)
Tiger's mouth 147
Timothy I 147
Wild f32.>
Tine-grass 3 326
Tine-tare 32H
-ueed 12211
Tinker's-weed 3 2.34
Tips in, Tif>sinna
i 2096
TiicsoiUfU rcil i 183
Tissuood f 1652, 2833
Tithvinal 3 3ko
Till : A'Cit. Il'/iili f 2355
Toad-flax i 53'), 3 144-7
Illue 3 146
Hrooni-leaved 14(1
Ivy-liavvd 144
Pale-blue 147
Round leaved 145
.Sharp-pointed 145
Wild 146
Yellow 146
Toiid glass (926
-/;/r f 1511
■pif>r, r«i////><?f 77-87
■root i 1554
Toad's mouth 3 147
Toadspit f888
Toads-tail f (f(>
Tobacco 3 140-1
Indian
3 2tx), { 3225, 3848
Ladies' 3 yfc)
Mountain 472
Oregon 244
Poison f 3221
J^cal f 3225
.Syrian f 3225
Wild 3 140, 2(Jo, 1323(1
II 'Oman's ^ 3848
Tobacco- .1 viii/ f 1879
■root 3 244
•weed 3 305
Tofieldia I 400
Tom rhumb 3 332
Tomatillo 3 128
Tomato 137
Cherry 137
Husk 131
Strawberry
3 126, 128, 131-2
Ton/ru, ^3752
To >ii; lie -grass
f 1475, 1687, 1689
Wild fl688
Toothache-grass i 177
tree 3 353, 506
Tootli-iiifi f 2540
Tootliroot 3 131
Tooth wort 3 132, f 1752
Purple-flouered
< 17.VS
Toper's Plant 3 228
Topiiiambour 3 429
Torches 143
Tormentil, Trailing
3 216
Torrels f 724
Tory-xceed ' .5019
Toiich-and-liial 1 2454
Touch-me-not
3 403-4, f 172s
Wild i 2388
Tow-cok 3 340
'Touer-cress f 1781
Tower Mustard 3 150
Towntendia 3 550-1
'Toyuort ^1752
Trachelospermum 3 4
Tragia 3 V'7-8
Traveller's Joy f 15^2
Treacle-iuustard
Treacleuort
Tread-softly
2 151; 3 .SI.')
fl6q2
3 369
Treasure of- to: e f 1813
Tree-beard f 904
Tree-fern f 8
Tree-of-heaven 3 355
Tree f'rimrose i 2S79
Trefoil
(see Clover) 3 272
Dean 622
Bird's-foot 2.S0
/Utter i 2889
Hlack, Great, 3 272
Golden t 1578
Heart 2 273
Hop 275
Marsh 622
Mel i lot 272
Shrubby 354
Sour 345
Spanish 272
Water 12889
ll'hite f 2083
Wild 3 275
Velio:!' 1 2072
Tra: clli r's-delight
1 2227
Trick Madam 1 1.S16
Ti idle 1 1736
Trifoly, Sea 3 502
.Sour f 2250
Trilisa 3 319
Trillium, Rid, Purple.
t 1047
Triiiitv I910
Herb- f 1578
Trinity I'iolet 1 2sn
Trip Madam i 1816
'Trip-toe i 3434
Trompillo f 3214
Trout floxnr I1012
-lily f 1012
'Triie-lo:e 1 1047
'Trumpet, Devil'si 3222
Trumptt-ash 3 199
Trumpet-Ckeei'ER
Family 3 ic)S
Trumpet Creeper 199
Trumpet-flower 3 198-9
Evening 3 605
Trumpet Honeysuckle
3 239
.Scarlet 1 3461
Trumpet-leaf 2 160
-milkweed 3 274
Trtimpet-vine 3 ic/)
-weed 274
Trumpets 3 160; 3 274
Velio:,' fis^2
'Tuberose, Wild fli23
'Tuber- root 1 2900
'Tulc f 623-4
Tulip-tree 3 49
'Tuli/> Poplar 1 1542
Tumble-weed i 125, 588.
f 1376, I 388', 2086
Tunhoof ' 3 87
Tunica 3 17
Tupelo 547
Large 547
.S!,amp i 2723
Water 3 547
Turkey-beard i 401
■berry f 3454
■cla:i' 1 1 140
-corn 1 1670-1
-grass 3 220
■pea 11670,2117,2709
Tiirk'y
■pod 1 1770
-troop f 1334
Turmeric, Indian
1 1544
Turmeric-root 3 51
Turnip 110
Cree, Palcota, 1 2096
Marsh 1 876
Prairie 3 2H4
Wild '876
Turnpike Geranium
^ , '574
Turnsole 3 379, 3 51,
I 3018
Turpentine-weed 3 408
Turrets f 724
'Turtle-bloom i 3244
Turtle-head 3 14(^150
'Tussocks 1 362
Tway-blade i 473, 47(1-7
T:,i-foil f 1 120
Twin-berry 3 216
-flower 235
■grass 1 367
-leaf 3 92
■sistets f ,5450
Txio-eyed berries
f 34"4. 34,50
Twisted stalk
1 432-3, 1 1 127
T:io-lips 1 10,89
T:i'o-penny grass i 2815
Ulim f 20(1 1
Umbrella-leaf 2 gi
■grass f 044-5
-leaves 3 470
Umbrella-tree
3 47-8, f 2720
Fraser's 1 1537
.Silver-leaf 1 1538
Umbrella-wort 1 .S95-6
Uncinia 285
Unicorn-Plant
I'AMILY 3 200
Unicorn-plant
3 201, 1 1023
False 1 972
Unicorn-root i 402,
1 972, I023
Unicorn' s-horn
i 972. 1023
Universe^viiie 1 2776
I'nlucky-trce 1 114
Valerian Family
3 243
Valerian 3 244-5, » 1089
American
1 1088, 1092-3
Cat's 3 2)5
Common i.U74
False 3" 480
Garden or Great 245
Greek 3 41
^^arsh I3473
Wild 3 244-5, 1 ii>89
Vandal-root 3 245
Vanilla, Carolina 319
Vanilla-grass
I 132; 3 502
Vanilla-leaf,
-plant 3 319
I'arnish-tric, False
i 2272
Vegetable-//a;r 1 004
-oyster 3 269
■satyr » 1103
Velvet-leaf 3 422
■plant f 3229
■ xreed 1 2430
Velvets 1 2492, note
Venus' Hath 3 248
-comb 3 531
-hair i 27
-cup 3 248
586
I'NdLISH INDICX, INCMDINC, I'dl'fl.AR I'LANT NAMHS. [Vol.. m.
Vflllls'
•IdukiiiK Blast 3 is^i
■l.riili- ;I3, t,\,V,:. U'li
Vtrhctiii 3 7')-72
Vkrvais I'amii.v
3 fxi
\'crvaiti 3 ri^-TJ
Ame>ua)i l .VW
Ua-e 3 I'lS
False • ,1o?9
Mallo-.i' fa4iq
Vi-lcli, Aiiaricaii a ,^2*1
lllui- 320
lliisli ,129
Carolina ,127
OlKjke 3 KiS
Cuiiiiiioii a ,',2>
(JoH- [126
Hairy ,?2S
Milk 3 207-,(ii7
Narriiwleavnl,
American 3 t,:<>
I,oiii:-i.iiia ,;27
/'ll/f f 22ny
Pclible 3 .12S
Pill [>te f 220 s
Sensitive Joint- 3 312
SIl-ikUt ,^2S
.Smaller L'onimon yi>'\
Sinallllowercd ',27
Sfl III:; f 221 2
Tnfled 3 ;2i>
//■//,)' f 2uS5
Vetcliling:. Cream-
eoloreil 3 •(■,2
Marsli y\'<
Pair f 2221
Prairie 3 .vu
Kliowy ,v!'
Yellow 3;2
Vilmrnuni 3 2.1I-3
Sueel 2,;2
Xakiti f ;544,5
Vinceldxicnni 3 17-K)
Vine, Willi a 4lkS
I'epper 412
VintKarTree 3,^86-7
\'iiili:t I'amilv 2 445
Violet 3 44(>-56
Adder s i up
Arrow-leaved 3 44S
Jleakid i 2510
]lird's-foot a 440
Bine ,146-S
Hob 3 "94
Ca la til tan • 2>75
Canada 3 45,;
Canker i 2510
C"/; /f *£•« -^.f /; tei s
f 24S4
Coast 3 446
Ciou/oo! f 2492
Dame's 3 154
Dog, American 454
Dou's-tooth I 420
White i 1013
}'flloif f 1012
Downy }'el/o:c
* 3503-4
Early nine
2 446, f 2490, f 2507
En(?lish 3 449
Field f 2512
Garden f 2511
Great-^/nirred i 2496
Green a 456
Hairy 1 24SS
Hairy Yellow 3 452
Halberd-leaved, Yel-
low 3 452
Hand -lea/ f 2484
//f «.r f 25115
Hood-lea^ f 2484
Hooded Blue 3 447
Vi<ili-t
Hiose, /lones/iiie,
i 2492
Johnny jnniiinii
J 4.Sv f 2)^1. 2(.|2
Klilney lea\cd 3 4S1
I.anre kaveil 4il
/.ci; < i/iji; f 2pii
I.ong-Hpurred 3 iss
Match 1(0
Marsh a 450 ; 3 10 1
Marsh llhie 3 520
Meadow lUue 3 417
Nodilintf 4,vJ
Niiltall s 452
0\.itc leaved 41^
I'iile 451
I'alisy 45S
I'rairie a 417
JWA'.v f25..i
PrimroseUaved
a 451
Prostrate Blue 451
PalllesiKike's
t 1012, 2401
Round-leaved 3 440
Sand 45 1. f 2490, 2402
Selkirk's a 4io
Smoiithish Yellow 45, i
Southern Wood
2 447
Snake f 2402
.Spear-leayed f 2502
.Sf^adeliiif' f 2|.ii.
Stef'iiii'llier f 251 1
Striped 3 i^;
.S.'K/ f ;vV:i5. ,Uoi
Sweet 3 441J
Aiiierieaii
i 2497, 2505
Sweet Whilf 3 45.1
TriauKle-le.ived 3 520
'I'rinllv 12511
I'elz'els i 2402. note
Water 3 sSo, f 2-'io
»•.,.„' f 2(92
Ifliorl-le.if f25il
Woolly nine 4i>
Yard 3 510
Yellow 2 452-;
Viper's-buRloss 3 (u
-herb, -grass, <*i
Vir(finia-cree]ier 3 415
■iilk i 2914
Virgin's I'.ower
a 67-!?. f 2120
Purple 3 71
Wafer Ash 554
Wahoo I 525' 3 394,
3 414, f 1251-2
U'aila-hit i 1054
Wake -robin
I 4/1-,'-, f >76
Duarf U'liite f lii(5
dreen 3 511
I'irgiiiia f ^7,"^
Purple ^ 1047
Slioiif i 1045
Walking-fern i 21
-/fa/ f 4^
Wall-cress 3 146
see Rock-cress
Wall-flower, Western
3 152, f 2S9S
U'atlink f 52A,s
U'all-nioss f iXii
Wall-pepper 3 i()b
-rue I 25
•rocket 3 120
Walnit Family i 48,5
Walnut 1 4*^3-5, f 1 154
Lemon i 11 50
Satin fi,H,«-
Sueet i 1 1 54
Wat pole tea f 3y,6
ll'aiiitei iiii; /eiiii 1
f 2S15
WanderiuK Jew 3 m
■niiHueed fl^'^.y
■\aili>i 1 2S|5
Wankapin a 45, f 1527
il'.nli), k f 1701, 1707
Warinot 3 46 (
Wait I rts-^ 3 III. 1 1,1
•grass 379
-weed a 379, f 2,(13
-Wort 3 402,
< I(«)l, 2JV
ll'atelies. fhiinl'i 1S01-2
Water agtinioiiy 3 437
■aielier f loi
•aril III I ,Vi.l
-awlwoit a II p
• biaii 45
■beecll 1 5ofi, f I.«SI
-blinks a 4
-blob 51
•cabbage 44
-, ainvimt f 3I>2
-ciltrop a ,S')0
-(•.(// f 1529
-carjiet a 181
■lelei V i 2i\S, 1612
■cliistnnt a ,5oli
-chick weeil 3 4, t 1472
-cliink.ipin 3 45
Wattrr-ciess a 126. f 1703
American a 131
da lie t 3403
Creeping Yellow
3 124
I.ak<: 127
Marsh. Yellow, 125
Miuiiilaiii f 1732, I7U
Round leaved 3 131
■/'; lie f 1721
W.iter crowfoot
White 3 ,S4
Yellow 73
Water cnp 2 5Vi, f '^'>2
-.■(".'iVi- ' fSS2
-dragon 3 51, f Sso
-dropwort 3 513, f 2630
-elm ' 1 520
•eryiic;o f 20(10
-feather 2 5>6
-fennel 3S2
■fern f S
W'liler.fla:; f io6i|
Yellou' f 1077
Water-gladiole 3 2,57
■;^oi;f;le^ f 1545
-r;ou an I 1545
-:,rra.<:s i 1721. 2703
-!,'•» W/ f 2722
-hemlock 2 5,6
-hemp t 591
-hickory 4>5
-hoarlionnd 3 117-1,^
-/essainine f 3275
Watkk Ij;af Family
3 4,1
Water-leaf 43-44, t 1409
-ten Ills f.HSg
Water Lily Family
3 41
Water-lily f 8*1
C.reat a 45
Little i 1526
Sweet-scented a 44
Tuberous 44
White 3 44-5
ll'ater-lily Tree i 1537
Water Marigold 3 440
Watkr-M I LI-OIL
Family a 500
Water-milfoil
3 503-5, i l62fi
Hooded 3 191
Water-melon 3 250
W.itcr
■ naieluorl
f 2616. 270,^
•nerve root ( ji/)j
WatekNit Family
3 .500
Water nut f 1534
Swiinining 3 51//
Water nymph 3 41
(lals i 128
Water-Parsnir 3 532
Carson's 532
C reepiiii,'- f 270I
Clltleavtil a ,53s
IlemUick ,532
Lesser 538
Narrow-leaved 538
Water-pennywort
3 5V)-4i
-pepper I 5(10
-pimpernel a 5S7
W.XMCk PL.W TAIN-
I'amilv i 84
Water-plantain
1 85; 3 208
■poplar 11172
-purslane a 470, 476
-; ii.iti f 911)
-\ri,>, -skes^.f i 1077
■slianiiiiik f l^Sif
-shield a 41-a
-spikei any Polaiiio^e-
tmi ) i 142-175
-speedwell 3 IH7
WAri;l< Si AKWCiRT
Fa.mii.v a 3R1
Water-starwott 3 3S1-2
-t.irget ' 42
-thyme I 93
■ tnl-ill f 136
■trefoil i 2s'ji9
-tU]>elo a 517
-violet 5s6
-weid 1 93
-willow 3 204
WATF.KwokT Family
2 4.17
Waterwort 3 437-8
Water-yarrow 586
Waxlierry
I 488, f 1 160. 3451
Wax-'ivi/; f 2550
■dolls i 1680
Wax Myrtle i 4S8
ll'ax-piiiks i 1437
■plant t 14,50
Wax-weed 2 473
Wax-work 39(1
Rovtnnv i 2370
Way-breail 3 ;ii6
Wayfaring Tree 229
Wa\-,i^rass i 1337
Waythorn a 405
Weat/iercoek f 2388
Weather-glass 2 593
Weleoineloonr^J/oiise
f 23.17
Weld 3 158
Well-^rass tiyii
Western Dropwort
f 1888
Wheat-grass
I 227-8; 3 507-8
Whin 3 270
Cat 232
Dyer's 271
Whip-grass f 663
W/iippooruill f 1089
-boots t 1801
■slioe i 1089-90, 1801
Whip-tongue 3 219
Whistle-wood 3 399, 414
■White-Alder Family
3548
White-alder 3 548, f 2771
M a 5'"
l>li a 44
i 138
nit- 3 ,V52
5.(3
f i7-'
5.13
. s.vs
lywiirt
2 5,?')-4r
I S'k)
\M AI.V
AMILY I 84
taill
I 85; 3 S')**
{1173
} 470, 476
f 9")
;.t f IC177
i f 3^Sy
3 41-3
ly Polaiiini;!-
f "42-175
11 3 it>7
\K\VI1RT
AMILV 3 .^Sl
VOtl 3 ,lSl-3
42
f nr)
f 3S»9
a 517
I 93
3 2o|
Rf Family
3 437-,S
u\v 586
f i6S(i
e I 4S8
! * '■♦37
f 145"
3 47,3
i 3370
3 306
Tree 229
i i,U7
2 4K5
r^- f 2j8S
ass 3 593
1-oiir-llousc
i 2337
3 I5H
fl73l
f 1888
27-3; 3 507-8
3 271)
232
271
rt f 663
It/// f 1089
f 1801
1089-90, I 80 I
ue 3 219
ood 3 399. 414
DER Family
2 548
!r3 548,f277i
Vol.. III.] I'NGLISII INDKX, INCLl'OING POPL'r..\R l'L.\NT NAMES.
While Allison i 1775
■apph- i any
■Arri)w-artiiii i 362
Whili-tish Jlerb f 3703
U'liile-hai k f 1164
-Imy 3 41, f 1652
■ hiiiilx t 1555
-/'■'" f 1443
■ liiHjamiii f 1048
• /"/i// f 2734, 2771
-ciuiktrwefd 3 38()
■caf> fi^-vt
■coiilu'oii i 1842
-daisy 3 457
• />,:■// f3Sn"
■frinsii: f 284,5
-;'«w f |■i^o
• hflU-li(in', .\m I 4118
Wliilelieart Hickory
I 4S6
White Miinsfoot 3 31.7
•weed 3 457
Wliite-ii.i/(V 127')')
■robin f 145s
■lOOl i 3()<X)
■ i.isin-iire f 112
-s.ifre I sM
■.iiKi/>:,nr/ t 1456
■tliorn 3 2|i
-walnut I 4S4-5
-weed 3 457
-Wudd 3 41J. 414
ll'/iiii-.i f3S4
Wliitlow-pniss 3 140-4
Alliiiie 144
ArctiL. 141 -2
I'.rancliir.g 3 142
C.iroliiia 141
('.olden 143
Hoary 142
.Sliiirt-fniited 14;,
Twisted 142
Vernal 140
AV'edne-leaved 141
Wood 143
Wliitlow-wort 3 3S-()
Wliitleii-trce 3 221)
/r//('//i.-..i;7 f
AViiortlclierry
Iliig 2 ,S7'J
///lie f 27711
(r'iiiii/ { 2788
Red 3 580
.Si/ua:c' i 2-c/i
ll'/ikaii-e f 3Mi
Wick, Wickens
.... , f 524. 1995
// nkf I 2770
Wukiip
f 2411, 2535. 2571
IiiiUan f 2566
Wicky 2 563
WiiOpy i 2535. 2566
Hi lb i 2560
Widow's Cross 3 167
}rildiiig-liee i i(»S2
llilgers i 1194
Willow Family i 490
Willow 494
Altnond-lcaf f 1175
Arctic I 502
Ausicr f 1 194
Dalsain i 504
Uarclay's 504
Jiaskct f 1 194
Bay f 2566
neaked f 1184
Bearberry i 505
Hebb's 498
Hitter 497
Itlack I 494, f 1175
Hcylhf-leaf
f 1173 var.
B/ooming f 2566
Blue I 496
587
I 3299
WiUnw
Ho« I 505, ( 11H7
llrittle I 49')
llro.id-Iea\e<l ,503
/•'u.\/i f ii8j
Cane Wilhy
f 117S v.ir 2
Coiudikii till Input II
I117S
■Ou'ei t I Ml
Crack I 49(1
Crane ^ !l\"^
Ihiik l.oui^Uaf
ft!8<j
Desert I 50 I
OiaiiU'iHl f 12 H)
Jir.iofiiiii; i Il7'i
/tuck fii7^
iJwarf I ,so3
I)warf('.ray 4110
Flc:, eriiii; t 2V^i>
J'l rncii i irt'ifi
I'urry i 304
('<irO f 1179
t'flaucou.H I 491)
(ilosdy 4C)5
< '.olden Osier 4(16
C'.round I ,502, f 1319
Hairy i 498
Heart-leaved 505
//irb-/ik<- fij,)")
Hoary i 501
Huniinx<loii 4m'i
/.•>■/./ fl|s(
/^oiii,'-/e(7/' f iiSi
Lou -hirili i 1 1 S3
Missouri I si>',
.^rol■k i iSN;
.Uti//e i 1204
Aarrou-leaZ'eii i i isi
Net-veined I 497
Northern ,soi
Osier i 4c/>. 51M, f iiM
Peach-leaved i 4(13
Persian i 25'/)
Prairie
I 4.1S, f 1185. 1 11)1
Primrose 3 4Sn
Purple I 497
Pussy I 490, f 1173
AV./ f 1181, 2714
Redifooil f 1177
Ring- I 496
River-hank 407
Roman 2 6nii
Rose 1 497. f 2714
Robert Urown's i 502
Saife 1499. f "93. 2549
Sandbar i 497
Scvllie-leufcd
i 1173 var.
Shining I 403
Slu lib i M'Si
.Silky I 4119
.Silver I 500, f 1 187
Slender i 31X)
Snap < 1177
.Sla,i;'s head f 1177
.Vri amp i 1173, 1187
Sueet i 1 159
Tea-leaved i 302
T:ii!> Wilhy i 1194
Varnished f "77
Virginia 3 i,'>7
Ward's i 493
Water 3 2(34
Weeping i 40''i
Whipcord 497
AVhite I 496, f liHi
Wrinkteira/ fii82
)>//.).•!■ f 1178 var, 2.
Willow Herb 3 4S3-6
Alpine 482
Jlay i 2566
Hroad-Ieaved 3 481
Willow Herb
I)i»vny 3 48?
/•■//■)(, // f 2Slil)
Hold, 11 i 281 I
C.re.it 3 481
('.real Hairy 4,S2
Ho(jdiiI 3 H3
Hornein, inn's i 4S3
I.inearleaved 4^3
Marsh 4^3
.^nH f 35)6, 25 j<)
Night 3 4Mi>
Norlhi-rn 4.^4
Panieled 48)
Purple 12510
Purple-leaved 3 4^4
Piirpli :; iiiid t 2373
PimperiH I 3 4>»2
.Soft 4S3
.Spiked 3 ,(73, 4,^1
Sw.imp 3 471, 481
r, //,..•,■ fj^ii
Wlllou-n.ik fr23S
Willoti ueid f 1 110,
f 1324. 1327. 2549
W illow-worl 3 3,^7
Wind 3 20
Wind-berry 3 3>o
Wiiid-flow(!r 3 114
f 1380, 1383. 1732
Red i t)3
Wind-root 3 3
•rose 3 loo
Windlrs 3 207
Windlestraw
I rri7, f 3S7
Wiuelierry
3 5-lo, f 1^70, 1S73
//•(■(• i 1973
Wing-seed 3 3^;
■sirm i 3-,2 1
Jl nik-ii-p(i p i 2S24
Winlerherry
2 301'-,!, f 233(')-'i-,
Win/ii-l'/.'oni t 1879
Winter-cherry
3 132, f 23'<7
-clover 3 2i(j
-cress 2 122
-r.il f 1 3S0
Wiiili r <'!i a^s i 74S
Wl.STlCRr,RKi;x
Family 2 549
Wititcrgreen
3 530-3, f 2756
Pi Iter i 27 'S
B"g 3 551
duckweed 31^2
Creeping 372
F'alse 3 530
Flowering 3 3(31
Greenish -dowered 330
Larger 330
Lesser 332
Liver-leaf 531
One-flowered 533
One-sided 532
Pear-le.ived 550
Round-leaved 330
.Serrateil 552
Sharp pet.ded 531
Shin-leaf 3 550, f 2727
Spicy i 2773
Spotted 3 553
Spring 372
Wtnter-pink '2774
■plum f 2S31
■ rock el i 1709
-.(.■irrV *3153
-weed 3 170, f 1473
ll'iri -qrass t 021), 1337
Wire-iing ' 3 3.83
-ured f 1337, 381x3
Wistaria, Amer. 3 394
Long-clustered 3 317
Wistaria
Woody f 21 Jo
VVitcli-.(/./?>- f 1N7.H
-gowan 3 371
■hohW, , -hopple.
<,llU-,5
Witch II. v/KL Family
3 103
Witch Hizel 103
-wood 3 V)5, f 1075
Witches' bills
3 25 1, 401
■ ini/k t 3(113
-monev-hags f iSii
■pouches ' f 1753
-thituliles 3 401, f .VV"1
Witherod 3 2i2, f mo
.Wiked ' \ 3443
// ilheicood i 34.10, ,394.1
Willi -hind I 2954
Wilhv T-rii; f ii94
Wo.id. II lid i 179.S
Woad waxen J 271
H'o/isi/noi; lais f 270
Wode-whistle 3 332
Wolfberry 3 2\6
Wollhella 3 ,v«j
Wolf-foot 116
llol/'s-liane f 1350, 1307
Trailing 3 'n
Woirs-ihnrs t i/i
Wolf's-milk 3 379
Wood Betoiiy
3 i.x), 116, i.-<6
Woodbind 3 25
Woodbine 3 413,
f 1582, 2031, 34(ii
Americ.in 3 237-8
Carolina Wild 3 00,3
I'lagrant 3 237
Rough 23.H
siiitiii 134.58
Woodbrooni 3' 248
■cress. }',llo:o f 1717
■do:, ei f i^-t}
-lily 3 532, f 1041
-nep 3 33S
-rip, -rowel. 3 227
WoodrnlT, Sweet 3 227
Wood-rush I 30(3-8
Wiiol) SliRRF.L I'.VMILV
2 344
\\ ood-s(irrel 3 Ui-7
I'nrple f 2231
Wood-sour 3 343, 'f 1(340
ir,iod-:,a.i t 2.162
Woodsia, see Fern I 10
Woollen 3 143
Woolly Pipe-vine i 541
irorl,rs^:ronilt r f 141/1
Worm-grass 3 (J05
\\'oriii-seed i 573, 3 1.31
Worni:,,,d i 1796
Wornnvood 3 462-6
.\nmial 3 463
Beach 465
Biennial 463
Canada 402
Comtuoii 464
Hungarian 466
Linear-leaved 463
Northern 462
Roman 295, 466, f 1673
Sea 3 463
Silky 463
Silvery 4(33
Tall 462
Wild 462
Wormwood-sage 463-4
Woundwort 3 97-8, 337
Downy 521
Soldiers 433
Wulfenia 166
Wr,n's Flozver f 3240
Wymote 3 415
588
KNGLISII INDEX, INCLUDING I'OrULAR PLANT NAMES. [Vol. IIT.
Yam Kamii.v
1 44(.
Yellow-eyed (
rasB 1
Yam-root, Wild
■t-17
I
360-70 1
Var)
f I.Sl.?
)'f!lou-flo;!rr
f 170,?
Yarrow
.■? 4,SS
■fiumlnr
f 2721
Wiiter
2 5S6
YiUiiw Koot 2
51
* 1551
Yau])oti 2 (91
i -MS7
Shrub
2 55
)'a:i nil)/
f 2,V.6
YfUow-stcd
1 1 1
y'fllo:i'lm>k
f 1 2(2
■ski 1,'S
f 1077
-Ihlh
f 1012
-star
3 15"
■ hhil's /YVm/
f 2740
-starwurt
4")
■ i:yi-
f i,S44
-top
3 341
YEtxow-Ivvr.n (
iKASS
■/I'/'S (any
(
iililen-
FAM1L^
• ■ 368
>()</)
3 33 '-49 i
Yellow-weed (any 1
(io/d, iiro(l)
2 15S; 3 344.
f 1615, 1798, 37o,S
Yellow wood 2 S5.
f I2S9, 2270, 2,^54, 2S,^2
Anurioan 3 264
Kentucky 264
Prickly f 2270
1l't!,l hiitiiin i 2270
\'ellou-uorl, ParsUy-
1 caved i 155^
YcUoiis i 1092
Yew Family
Yew, American
Dual/
Yorksliire-y()f
■sauicle
Youth-wort
Zannichellia
Zeus'-wheat
/inula, Prairie
Zizaniopsis
Zizia, liebb's
Zornia
Zy^adeuus
I 61
61
i 135
1 3X4
3 '04
2 Hil
I 80
2 596
3 412
I 128
a 534
3'3
1 404-6
CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS TO ENGLISH INDEX.
p. S56. After ARrimony, Water, read \f,\w-ha> k,
-i^rass, -root, -tree. .\ndroBace, read 2 586.
Arrow-head, read i 8S-90.
p. 557. Ash, Ox, read 2 595. Aster, /Icnrrrd,
re.id f 3752-3; after Frostweed, insert Golden
3 •(2,1. For Au III Jericho, read Aunt Jcrichos.
After Bachelor's iiuttons, insert f 1456, 4077.
p. 5,sS. I'or llear-grass, read Bear-grass i 427,
f 284, 1027, 2474. Ileai's-inoss, read Heni's-
i^rass. After Hellwcirt insert Hellyache H'reil
f 3676. Heaver tree, read 2 48. For Heliuo,
re.id Ilelene. Bennet Pimpernel, read 3 526.
Birch, Alpine, read f 1218. Black-.f(j«(V/c,
read f 2664. Black Snaker it, read 2 52,?.
liladdercanipion, read 2 9.
p. 359. Blue-caps, read 3 249, f 4076, Boneset,
Tall, read 3 307. After Bronie, for A'i'c, read
Smoolli A'ye. Urooin-grass, read f 216, 219.
Under Buckeye, Sweet, insert Western 2 401.
Buckthorn, Alder, read 2 406, f 2394. Bur,
Canadian, read f 36(10.
560. Butter-flowers, Great, read f 1545. But-
ternut, carry f 3539 to Butterweed. Ciltrop,
Water, read 2 $tio. Camomile, Yellow, read
3 450. For Cane-brake, read Cane-hrake f 342.
Cassena, read 2 391. Catalpa, Hardy, read
f 3368, Cat's-clover, read 2 280. Cat's-latI,
read Cat's-tail, 2501; for //lne, read /tine
Cal's-lail. Under Cheeses, for Tiog, read Doll.
562. Alter Cop.alm, insert Cofiperleaf i 2726.
After Crashes insert Crawbcrrv i 2343, 2799.
568. Crass, Rot, re.ad 3 191, * 3^4-
569. Crass, Whorl, read i 194. Croundsel,
for Cross-leaved, read Cress-leaved 3 4S1.
574. Morpeeo, Red, read f 1639.
Vol
.. IIT.
I 6i
n
6i
f i.VS
l3X+
3 'Ot
2 Ihl
I 80
2 5<)6
e
3 4>2
I 128
3 S.U
3'.?
I
4(4-6
^.
em 2 4111.
394. Bur,
54S. V.Mt-
Caltrop.
low, rta<l
aie f SV--
rd\\ read
Oirs-ftul,
ead I'liie
read Doll.
f(7/f 2726.
«. 2799-
Iroundsel,
1 4*^"-