^■■l- 
 
 ■• ■V--, 
 
 i. 
 
 m ■• 
 
 Microfic 
 
 Series 
 
 (Monogri 
 
 ■ ^^Kk 
 
 ICMH 
 
 Collection de 
 microfiches 
 (monogr^phle^ 
 
 't: 
 
 i . ■ 
 
 
 7- 
 
 ■ / 
 
 Canadian Instituta for Hiawricat Microraproductlona / Inatftut Canadian ^ nnicroraproductlona hiatoriquaa 
 
 X;^ 
 
 '' h 
 
 ^ 
 
i* 
 
 Ttehnical and BiMiotrapltic Notts / Noim tMDtmiqiiM tt MMiotripHiqwN 
 
 Tht IrtttitUft hM ammptMl to qlMatn th* batt orifinal 
 copy Mtilaltto for f Mminf. FMturM of this copy wrtikh 
 may In biblio#rapliieilly uniqut, wrtiich m«y altar any 
 of tfM imatat in tlia raproduelion, or wliich may 
 'ligmfieantly chan^ tha usual mathod of filmint, ara 
 chacfcad balow. 
 
 L'Inttitut a microfilm* la maillaur aiiamplaira qu'il 
 lui a 4tA poniMa da m procurar. Las iMtailt da cat 
 aMampliira qui tont pa«it-4tra uniquai d«i point da. vua 
 MMiofrapliiqifa, qui pauvant modif iar una imaft 
 raproduitt. ou qui pauvant axifar una inoditication 
 dam la mAthoda normala da f i(ma|a lont indiquAi . 
 ci-datMu*. ' 
 
 i 
 
 1/ 
 
 1/ 
 
 Colourad covart/ 
 Couvartu^ da coulaur 
 
 Co«art diimiiad/ 
 Couvarnira andommafia 
 
 □ Colourad paan/ 
 Pafa* da coulaur 
 
 El 
 
 Pagndamagad/ 
 
 V 
 
 Covars/raftorad aiid/or laminatad/ 
 Couva^ra r«iti|urte at/ou palliculAa 
 
 CoWtitlamittinfl/ • 
 
 M tttra da couwartura manqua 
 
 □ Pkgat rastorad and/or laminatad/ 
 Pagai rattaUrdai at/oU pallicultes 
 
 EPagas ditcolourad, itainad or foitad/ 
 Pagat d^cOlOrAas. tachatto ou piquias 
 
 ColiHirad mppi/ > 
 
 ftat giographiquat an ieoulaur 
 
 nPagas datachad/ 
 Pagasd«tach«as 
 
 ■■•«* 
 
 irad ink (i.a. othar tfian Mua or Wackji/ 
 I da coulaur (i.a. autra qua Maua ou noira) 
 
 T"^ Showthrougli/ 
 LJ£i Transparanca 
 
 □i 
 
 irad platM and/or illuitrationiA 
 lanchas at/ou illustration* an coulaur 
 
 Quality of print variat/ ' 
 Quality inigala da rimprassion 
 
 ■ * 
 
 riqu4 
 
 *> 
 
 Bound with othar matarial/ 
 RaM avac d'autras documanti . 
 
 Tight binding may causa shadows or distortion 
 along intarior margin/ 
 
 La raliura sarrte paut causar da Tombra ou de la 
 distorsi^ la long da la marga int<f iaura 
 
 Blank laavas addad during rastoration may appaar 
 within tha tfxt. Whana.var possiMa, thasa hava 
 baan omittad from filming/ 
 II sa paut qua cartainas pagas blanchas ajoutAas 
 lors d'una rastauration apparaissant dans la taxta, 
 mais, lorsqua eala itait possiUa. cas pagas n'pnt 
 pas M f ilmtes. 
 
 D 
 
 Additional commahts:/ ' 
 Commantairas supplimantairas: 
 
 This itam is f ilmad at tha raduction ratio chackad balow/ 
 
 I I Continuous pagination/ 
 I I Pagination eontinua 
 
 D 
 
 Includas indax(as)/ 
 Comprand un (das), indax 
 
 title on haadar takan from:/ 
 La titra da I'an-tlta proviant: 
 
 I I Title page of issua/4 
 
 Page de titre de la livraisori 
 
 □ Caption of issue/ 
 Titre de depart de la livraison 
 
 D 
 
 Masthead/ 
 
 Generique (piriodiques) de la livraison 
 
 
 10X 
 
 / 
 
 
 
 14X 
 
 
 
 
 18X 
 
 r vi-w« 
 
 >swu> 
 
 
 22X 
 
 
 
 ■ *'.' 
 
 26 X 
 
 ■ ■ < 
 
 
 
 30X 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 $: 
 
 
 
 
 '■ ; ' 
 
 
 12X 
 
 
 
 
 16X 
 
 - 
 
 
 
 ax 
 
 
 
 
 24X 
 
 
 
 
 28X 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 32X- 
 
Thf copy ftlmtd htrt hit b««n r«prQduo«d thanks 
 to th« 9«ntrgtitY of : 
 
 Emm«nuel Library 
 
 University of Toronto 
 
 . •- ■■ '■ '■ . ■ ■■ ■ '. ■' ■■■ . ■■ ■ . ' ■ 
 
 Tho Imogft aploorinQ horo oro tho boat quality 
 posalbia eonaidarihg tha condition and lagiblllty 
 of tho orioinal oopy and In kaaping with tho 
 fNming oontract apaolfioatlona. ; 
 
 Original ooplaa in printod paparoovara ara fllmad 
 baginning with tha front eovor and anding on 
 tha laat paga with a prlmad or llluitratad Impraa* 
 alon. or.. tha baoh eovor whan appropriata. All 
 othar original oopiaa ara fllmad baginning on tho 
 firat'|»a^a with a printad or llluatratad Imprao- - 
 f Ion, and anding on tha last paga with a printad 
 or illuatratad impraaalon, 
 
 Tho laat racordad frama on oaeh microficha 
 shall contain tha symbol "N^ (moaning "CON> 
 TINUED"). or tha symbol ▼ Imbaning "END"). 
 whiohovar appiiaa, 
 
 Mapa, plataa. charta, ate., may ba fllmad at 
 different reduction rOtioa. Thoae too large to be 
 entirely included in one OKpoaura are filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames as 
 required. The following diagrams illustrate the 
 method: 
 
 L'^xamplalra fllm4 fut raproduit grica A la , 
 gAniroait* da:' 
 
 Bmatanuel Library -^ 
 Unlveralty. of Toronto 
 
 Lea imagea auiyantea Ont M reproduites avac ta 
 plus grand soin, compte tenu do la condition at 
 do la nettet« da I'eiiemplaira film*, et an 
 oonformlta avac lea eondltlor« du contrar da 
 flhnaga. ; 
 
 Lea axemplalraLprlglnauN dent la oouvartura en 
 papier eat ImprTmAe sent fiimas an comnf>enc:ant 
 par la premier plat at •n termlnant soit par^ la 
 darniaro page qui comporte une emprsjntfl^ 
 d'Impression ou d'lllustretion, soit par la second 
 plat, salon le cea. Tous lea autres examplaircs 
 originaux sont filmOa an commenpant par la 
 pramiire page qui comporte une emprointe 
 d'impreeaion ou d'illuatratlon at en tarminant par 
 la derhi#re page qui ebmporta' une telle 
 'Ompreinto«;' ■'■'*;-' ^ :"■..:''.:.. y*"- ■ 
 
 lih dia aymboloa aiilvanta apparattra sur la : 
 darniira image do cheque miorofiche. seion le 
 cas: la symbole -^^ signifie'A SOIVRE". le 
 aymbolit ▼ signifie "FIN". > 
 
 Lea eartaa. pranehea. tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atra 
 fllmas A dee taux da radviction diffarants. 
 Lorsque le document eat trop grand pour Atra 
 reproduiten un aaul clleha. il est filma a partir 
 da I'angle supOrieur gauche, de gauche A droite. 
 et de haut en baa, en prenant le nombre 
 d'imagea niceaaaire. Lea diagrammes suivants 
 llluatrant ia mOthodo. 
 
 A?* 
 
 h 
 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 r 
 
 ;>■ 
 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
r* 
 
 Tin CHAlt 
 
 (ANSI ond aO WSlf CHAW No. 7) 
 
 Jh 
 
 'lii 
 
 |23 
 
 § 
 
 l£ 
 
 ■ 2.2 
 
 ff 
 
 lis 
 
 MM 
 
 III 
 
 |4g 
 
 |Z0 
 
 Ik 
 
 
 
 •^ ■■ 
 
 
 ^^^^^H 
 
 ■iHll 
 
 
 
 . •i^ ■ 
 
 1 
 
 li:8 
 
 1.4 
 
 1.6 
 
 t6M Eott Mam SIrM "■ 
 
 (718) 288-99M-Fin 
 
s^ 
 
 ■s 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 i«r",-*u«*<*;iv*'i:, •(. ,-. •/:4i-,«,7' 
 
 
 ■'■V"V',7'.'('V/;';i(^':'l'' 
 
 
 vi>V- 
 
 'L U T H 
 
 £2 
 
 ;«> 
 
 ■CM 
 
 CO ^_ . . 
 
 :0 ^^ -V, 
 
 
 -AMP— 
 
 REFORMATION; 
 
 ':|t. 
 
 ••V Tin- 
 
 REV. T. S. CARTWRIGHT, 
 
 
 BBtofO THE SUBSTANCE 01^ TWp LECTURES DELIVERED IN HAMILTON 
 AND OTHER PLACES, AND PUBLISHED BY REQUEST. 
 
 . / 
 / 
 / 
 
 y 
 
 / 
 
 "^PKfCE, TEN CENTS. 
 
 \ 
 
 '^I^O^PMTO :/Ai)AH, SntimoN * Co., aso H. Bowbll * Co. HAMILTON : DracA* ||fj 
 * Stuabt; J. Eastwood ik Caf 'W. Bkown k Co.; 
 
 , AHA MAT m HAD QF-ALL V0OX8BLLIM. 
 
 s^i- ■■ / 
 
 
• ■• . « 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 : ( 
 
 
 
 .%■ '. 
 
 J 
 
 
 
 t 
 
 ''■■■.■. 
 
 1 
 
 ' 1 
 
 ■:-■■' ;■■• . ■ 
 
 ■ . 
 
 
 • 
 
 ■» 
 
 r 
 
 % 
 
 
 • 
 
 * ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 . * - 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 0" 
 
 1 , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 ■ \. 
 
^-■■ 
 
 T 
 
 ■p 
 
 LUTHp AND THE REFORMATION : 
 
 .' \ ■■■■•■''..•■■ ' 
 
 ./ 'illU »tB8TANCIl 01^ 
 
 ' ■■ nitt.ivcKKD 9Y mm 
 
 REV. T. S. CARTWRIG 
 
 a IUIIII.TOII A.M» OTHEH HLAOJtB, ASH 
 
 Tho panncy, a>t it oxistod from the tontir to Hixtocntli eoiiliii'y, wns a 
 cbloHSivt (lospotism— a gigaiiHc Hystciir'ofMipcrHtition and iVuutl. It 
 originat*)(l in corrupt ambition ; it nspirod to universal Lomn/^Oj Many 
 of the doclrinci* it inculcatod, and many of tho cercrau|^>« it obscrvod, 
 implied a porvorwion of Holy Scriptinr, and a doifB|5;o I'rom tho- 
 tiracticoH of tKo oarly ChriKtian Ghnrch ; whilo in its K^tf i-nl tendency . 
 and influohco it ignored the right Oi' private judgment, domed the elainiH 
 of individual liberty, and HuporindWed a state of intellectual bondage 
 and social domorfltlization. Tho ago pi-ocoding tho lloformation i« 
 signalized in history for its ignonincoCand pollution, A» though the pro- 
 diction of tho JowisllK prophet hady received a Hocond verification^ 
 «* Darkness covered tho earth, and gross darkuess the people." Tho 
 Bible was a sealed book; Spiritual reliUon had boon extinguished by ,' 
 heresy and superstition ; in tjie monastciries immorality was rampant ; 
 in tho Church tho Topo was okftlted abovV the Saviour^ and throughout 
 all classes of society, as well intlio courtW in tho cottage, there was a 
 condition of abject fear, und of roligious destitution and dread. 
 
 It was nearly two hundred ycai-s\boforo Luther appeared; upon tho 
 Bcono that John Wyclyfto raised his voico-^hn^ laboured hard and 
 Buffered long^ to expose the errors, and aiinihilatotho influence of tho 
 papacy in the English Ghurch ftnd natlOnV His spint had been ciiught, 
 his example followed, by John Htiss and ^oromo, of Prague, who, in 
 Bohemia and other places, scattered widel}\the seeds of reform, and 
 8tru"'"'letl bravely to erect a rampart of 'deface against the further 
 ^jncroachments of the'papal power. Their I aboljrs seemed fruitless of 
 ali, save persecution. The Pope retained a cruel ascendancy, alike in 
 Church and State. Around his throne were j^ather^d a crowd of malig- 
 nant priests, waiting to do his bidding, and panting foil the blood of tho 
 Lollards and Hussites; and perhaps ncyer^ amidst all tho darkness and 
 discomfort of the middle ages, had Europe presented a rabro dcplorahlo 
 condition than \vhcn Lco'^X. ascended the pontifical chaii^ and Martin 
 Luther began his crusade against the errors of tho Church. 
 — ^Thero were needed-a giant mi«d-aBd a UonieArt4a-grapplo-with:the_ 
 
 
 
> ■ 
 
 irh. 
 
 
 w ^ 
 
 nc (■oiiiinoii Htmni) wan iiiiciiuul to tliu tiiHk. It wiih not it 
 ,'m-illutin|f aiul liinkl. Only nn original, oxtruortlinury c 
 it moot Iho tMncrKonty, ami HUpply tho jMiltlii! want. In L 
 
 indthelii'fonncjition. 
 
 k of Hocioty, and to bravuUho dangoi-H which nnght cnHuo. A natiih) 
 tnc coninioii Htanip wah iiiiiciiuut to thu taHJc. It \\m not a oriniH for 
 
 haructor, 
 iUthor tbo 
 
 ho |MmM<,sMC(l nothing 
 
 « ^ Luther 
 
 R.R. 
 
 ov 
 
 of 
 
 thov 
 
 couhl nio 
 
 ro(|uiHi(o ondownionlH mot; and allowing that ho im 
 
 j>ro-lfrnalnral, no'Hju'cial gift of nroplun-y, no miraculoiiH attoMliilioii of 
 
 a divino nii^Hion, ns had thu iim]ihotN of thu Old iknd tho apoHtlcH of (ho 
 
 Noyr ToHlatnont, Htill ho waH invoMtu<l with a moral oninipotonco, n« 
 
 Ions (hull mIiIi iin inlulloctiial HiJooriority, which ooablod hint to frown 
 
 Mitcin oorriiption and error, and \vhi<'h i)roimriHl him to hocomo tho 
 
 chainpion of Ihoir oxposuro aniKdoatht ...... 
 
 In 4'vorv ago, and in ovory pmi'i', characlovs appear who Hoom mado 
 lor aiiylhing rathor than lofdrnicrH. Thoy loiihtituto tho bulk of 
 hoi'ioly. Of what (■onso(|iion(-(j/(o tliom aro (ho orrorrt anil almiirditioH 
 which provail. around (hem ? /Thoy arc unwilling (o porccivo.or iinahlo 
 to correct (hem. Wliat !« called •' properly constUuted authority '' may 
 gt) to alnio>t any longdm in Violating tho forniHof jiiMtico ami (ho rights 
 of liidlvidiiDlH, hOloiig ar4 it Icwvit's nnlouchcd their pr{)])cr(y and pci-HonH. 
 Hiicli''indivi<liial!+ claim to ho considered (ho coiiHcivators oC public 
 instiditioiiH; «nd wi(li an aU'ectation of hiiijiriKo nnU «lread, (hoy look 
 upyn tho ii»»n >vho has tho tojnci" 
 Vi,«*ageH, or to (leiiounco prevailing 
 
 in the (layH of Lutlior ; it formod ono of the grand obsdicloH wi(h which 
 he had to contend. If a few more dovout and thoughdiil momborM of 
 the ('huroli wcro convinced that some change wan necoshary in tho 
 administration of ccclesiasdcal aH'airs, it never occurred to them to 
 question (he right of the Vojie to do absolutely as lie ]ileaHcd ; and that 
 ijuther should jiroHuine to do ho, was a shock to their nervous system, 
 and an outrage upon tlicir sense ol proprioly, which iiiado tlicm shrink 
 
 The reiimant of this'spirit still 
 
 jnority to call in (juestion established 
 g errors. This spirit was predominant 
 
 i'romh im as iVoni a fiend incarnate 
 religious projects ; and wo 
 
 starts np Iwfore us, to bar oiiv progress in itoft^ical iHovonients and in 
 
 s projects ; and wo iioW, all of us, more oif the lieroic courage 
 
 and moral power which enabled Ijiitlier to bravo tlie wratli of tho Vdpi 
 
 and the censure of friends, to trample down the prejudkcs of thojnast, 
 and to a8.sert liberty and truth for ovory ago and every man. Tlioro 
 are more cowni-ds than horoeu in socioty. In matters of conscioncoWo 
 are sometimes afraid to speak — we dafo not Jict. A refined sentimen- 
 tality is robbing the ago of its heroism aqd manhootl. Womust break 
 loose from tho thraldom of tradition and ciwtom, if avo are to leave our 
 impress upon the age, and jday inanfully our part in the coming 
 etriiggles of the Church. It is immaterial what our contemporaries may 
 think, or what our Corofathors niayj have been or done. The standara 
 of our faith is the Bible ; the rule of our livos ijnmst be liberty and 
 truth; and in the maintenance of these wo must stand erect in all tho 
 consciousness of manhood, and think, and speak, and write, and act, 
 with an onthusiasnf and courage which have shouted victory at tho 
 stake, and which never know dofogt. , . . . . . 
 
 The early education of Luther was a suitable preparation for his 
 fiituro work. It was not in vain that ho had toiled with his father in 
 tho woods, and moved among the mining associations of Mansfeld. 
 His plays and frolics on the banks of tho Wippor, tho thrashings ho 
 received and the sufferings ho endui-ed, all tended to dovolopo tho 
 elements of his character, and to make him the hero of the Bbformati(^. 
 
 r 
 
 \k 
 
 SEAIANTIC 
 
' Luther and the litformalion. . ' $_ t 
 
 ,, . ,. { , Ah ovorylxKly knowH, IiUt)u*r wuh Utvn in huiiiltlo olrctim- • 
 ntnhc<w, ftnd M|Kmt inucli of hm yoinliliil lifu in piiviitioii aiul liunlMliip. 
 His tiithor WWH a minor; liin niuthor tin* 4iui;^lif»'r of u iHiw'U of 
 
 miHonmii, roti|H)ctnhls) but [Kwir. According; to Liitln'r hiniHcll", hi« fiUhor 
 ollt^ii cut woikI, aixl liiH nioilior niiTJod it on liur lm« U, timt tli<«y ini|<lit 
 «ttrn tho nuMins of un lionoHl livinj^, iiml |tr«»vitl»< for ilio nliM-j^tioii of 
 thoir MOHH. IIi»tli \vor«i ilovoiit in tho oW'rviini-o of roli>(it»UH ril«M ; Mv\ 
 lK)th Mtruf?gliiil l»ruv«ly to train up tlioir «hil<lr»ii in titu wuy thoy 
 hhouhl ^o. ...... 
 
 In till) lioniOH of povorly uniUlio loins of. laliour llicro Ik hoinotliing 
 prt'ominonlly fiivouralilo to tho forniatioil of ^roat thuractorH. Manv 
 of our moral horocM havo Imhmi mouhlod in this school, And owo nnudi 
 of thoir iutuVo oniintMico 'and hucj-c'ss to tin* influonocs whifli (horo 
 iio/^an iniiHMtoptihly (o \v«nli upon Ihoiii. As n'Aiil>i;;no puts it, tho 
 rofornu'r /wini^lo oin«}r;i(vl from a shophord's hut nmonf,' tho Alpn; 
 Molancthon, tlio Ihoolo^ian of tho Kolormalion, from an arniouror'i* 
 Hhop i and Lulhor from tho ooltnKo of a p<M»r niinor. In nnxlorn days, 
 oivo namo stands prominontly f«M\var<l in illuslratioii of this ronuirk. 
 From a ootta;^o honu) in Sootiand, and IVom amidst tho toil and din of • 
 factory lifi", David fjivifiiKstono was raised up to astoun<l and holiollttho 
 world l»3' his travels and roHfarchos. . .... . Tho luxury of 
 
 Imiacos Hooms unsuiled to vi.ijo|-ous montnl olVort. It is soldom that 
 )rilliant courtioi-s hoeomo I ho loaders of ^roat rofonns, Thoir ro^^idai*, 
 oasy-iroin^ livos, H( tliom ruthor for silont aciiniosonoo than for hattio 
 an<l i'or stcu-m ; and when fjjroat, revolutions havo to ho pnxluced in 
 either tho prineiplos of tho Church or the custonis of mieioty, tho 
 i-ou/^h and ready ^vork 'ui^ ho tlwrn* hy those who huvo boon inurod to 
 contliet and toii. ' w^^'' " 
 
 In his earliest years^Htilhor e>\caped tho enfecldini^ influences of 
 idleness and luxury. From youth to nmiMiood he wiw fiimiliur with 
 Hcones, and contended with (.thstucles, whi«h ;i;avo acutenoss to \m 
 understanding, energy to his jairpoho, and slrenj^th-to his emotion, ami 
 which' Ibrmccfiu part,tho socretof his future brilliant success. While 
 i-osidiiig with his father he aciiuiretl the oloments of an onlinary 
 education. At fourteen yours of ago ho left 'Mansfeld, in company 
 ■With one John lleinick, to visit Magdelmrgh, tho scat of an Archbishop, 
 and where wore established some of theniost celebrated scliools of tho mid- 
 dle agotJ. Aji atVeeting scone it was, as (the lK)ys left their native 
 village and humble homes, without much money, but with nmny 
 bright hopes, sorrow in thoirhearts,nnd eyes brimful with tears. Still 
 more artectihg was the recital of their future privations and wants. In 
 the schopls-of Alagdoburgh it was customary for tho studontn to i)ay for 
 their own maintonauco and education out of tho alms bestowed upon 
 them by the rich, under whose windows they san{5''about4>vico a week, 
 or from what they earned by psalmody in tho church choU*. They 
 wbro indeed, os a French historian says, schools of trial, of Abnegation, 
 and of sorrow; in which a severe discipline was administered, but from 
 which 6omo of tho brightest lights of Germany havo JKsued,— made more 
 pure and brilliant by the struggles through which they passed. Luther 
 had a sweet, melodious voice, ami was over i>assionntoly fond of music ; 
 but, during his residchco in Magdoburgh, lie failOtl to obtain enough by 
 flinging to compensate his master for more than a year's education. 
 IjDstead of money he often received harsh wonls; hq somotimes wont 
 
 
 ¥[ 
 
. »1. 
 
 LL 
 
 IE 
 
 **'■ 
 
 'W\..-$-^ 
 
 * 2«<^er tf„^ /^^ litformation 
 
 Hho llirou- tho poor HH.olar n fml 1 '.''j'"'''''" h' I'Ih PovoHi' 
 which (,u.klo,l.|,,vv,,hlHohXH o,v..l i'" ''""''^"«- '» "'" <««.^ 
 
 wifoor(;oM.il(,-o„a. /rrnorynvSr ''■'''• '^'■''-'''^ nho was L 
 
 By in.m,,H'((ii,^all.M.lHm (o hLHt,,n^^^^^ 
 
 Mdn,u.lhou.s:u^s,,,H»o,l(h...loli7(: ■•■- '"'" ' "'"' " 
 
 I'irlm-th. Jn.'Iifif„ril, " '' 
 
 "-V..W .va* nioiuiiii.llv Nfii.ll.fl 1 Hill yoiNify. Tho f«-hohisli<. 
 
 ro";i. U'ijh a'li ,1.0 a,;/!., ■ .:,,.';;; 'y;;';-" <•'"-.>•« won. as.i.i'a;;± 
 
 hn« ox.|.rosso.l I I..., 'r M.'I'!"-*''l»"(iii^' niooiMnioi, of^rolaruthorV 
 
 jm. ox,a.sso., ;v,r;r u^uTi^;: r^-';;;;|;;^;';" <>i.inion or.rHa;:..;!;;; ; 
 
 I'-^OMr .luc'trit.os of a ,,„o „|, , .. 7'\y '"""'♦'1^^ »o those tranr, "| 
 "spc.•|tic^sof hi.c.h«ra or' ^''^' '''"*•'' ""«"'» '"«vo Koao, oU o 
 
 asporitics of his c'haiaotor. 
 
 A.!^l!':'^'n/'>r < - 3 oars/ 1„ t r , f -S^^^^ 
 
 wltgioii. Tho an of printing . , i "^ **'^^"'"« "P"" Utomtrtrc, as n,Z 
 
 ovoa on j^rcat ocasion.. Itwt ?l.o U^y"''*!-^;'*''?^^" ^« visitor.; 
 monuNUs,,f rohixaliof^ (ovisr.V'rr • " "^ "' J^''i''or, (luring his 
 
 .,chnn(.i"d to siinnblo a,,oi, a o(. I , r i c. *-"• ^" «"« "f those visits ho 
 
 ,ju.w i^oic; ho ha.i .i^n'.:ou;; ^ t 'sti;i;i;'%- '' r^^^' *^ '^^^ « 
 
 ' '^V ith tho ]{,I,|o was in (ho iriiiti i(« I V. • "'/.'^ '^"'>' "fQumntanco 
 Fo.s<..nto.l in the clcvo(iona| Clo^''^^ ^A ! 7'"! ^''^^mints wore 
 comn.on hook. It is scattcro<lXoia sfth -nl , ThoUiWo is now a 
 lu every lil^rary; it adorns «.vmf.?. ^' '«"«»' <'>o Horld. Wo find 
 Us stories; the ,M,or inl urits I.Sk "'^^^ «""• ^''''''J^on li" 
 
 flows tln-on;,hev!.ry land" mitmiw'tli"l''r^T'' "'^« » «trenm, /t 
 anjKs,.j,o,-s(iti„„, an,l <nfl-ii=^in/on v^Xn.T n ^^ %noraAco 
 
 i ' 
 
 SEP y iMKhi 
 
 ^.^^j'. tj^^ 
 
 •\. 
 
'■ t w' 
 
 «nnu' ill Ihto nt 
 
 wnsnUrncfod Uy 
 h' ''In l^'vnty, 
 ' <'"ln. liiitliur 
 ''I'N', i-nim<d |||„ 
 III tlio (ohni 
 '>r IiIh hoiiI. II. 
 "I Mint ttio I«,v 
 •I tiUlhvr foiitul 
 ""Uxl, tiiMl tlio 
 II niioiilil j,(, 
 «'i«> in «loiioiii|. 
 I"; hIk) was Oio 
 
 fJ^llllllK*! oI'IiIh 
 
 I'll*' K'liiniaiiuel 
 
 • • • . . 
 
 y Pxrollo*! fii 
 
 •I linvill/f, HH 
 
 liH »»3(w ii|to',i 
 
 Tlio f*cli(>laMHc 
 
 IH' aN,-.:(liioiiHly 
 IJH-If »„ |,ot|,. 
 
 '" '»'' a niil<loi' 
 Wsc traMqii^ 
 ftonc'iii'ii tho 
 
 flrHt Ix'cnmo 
 •I'll liad Leon 
 i« witJi ovory 
 nn'incipully ,. 
 icf cnilx)*i)H)(j 
 /rtrc, as upon 
 onhor^r, n,„i 
 
 icrorl bookK. 
 )ui'clmso(l a 
 to viHitors, 
 (luring his 
 it ho might 
 e«o visltH ho 
 cdtohlma 
 ?qumntanco 
 fionts Avcro 
 lo is now a *" 
 • Wo find 
 ildron lisj» 
 Htrenin, it 
 ignorance 
 oaoiir and 
 t clovating 
 
 Lulhcr and the jit'/ormation. 
 
 ■^ 
 
 » 
 
 '. oducndon. W" li"'! rnl-hop jmrt with all than lo4«o that i»rctloUH Vktok. 
 A nUwmy hucitUKO our lilo would hu without itM light aiid iK>wor. 
 
 Itut III Lulhoi-'H youtlil\il duyrt' tho Hihlo was |M>|)u!arly unl<tjnwn.* 
 Kvoii gnivo profoj-KorH and loariicd prii-HtH woro ignorant of itH IrulhM. 
 , . . . Tho cui'ioHily of liUthoi' was ar«)UMCMl hy his nowly found 
 troiiNuro. With univ»<tniliiod ouiotioii^ ho o|u'nod Iho l)o<»k,t«) road. It 
 wiw thoMloiyoVSahiiuJ anti Hannah on whit h his oyo ullKhtcd. Thoro 
 waMUHiniplicily, uhoaulv, n londornoss al<out tho nan-alivu, all poddiar 
 mid now, whioh tlllo*l liis imagination and ovor|H)\vofod hiH mail. Uti 
 ooiild scaiVoly rowtiniii his tcai-H. "O, myOiMl! I tsaild not w#hW: 
 any i-ichoi* posHOH>doii than kucIi a liooh us this!" at length lu'oho tVcnu 
 hiH<|uivoi'ing lips. At pri'sont uidliiuiliar wilh tlio (IivoU and Uoluow, 
 lu)«|ould not read tho Hililo in tho laiigua<<os in whioh il had lioon (u-igiii- 
 ^ftlly writton, Ihit day al'l«<r day h<' irlurnod to tho lil>niry, took down 
 tho Mumo ImioU, road tho Namo «tory, tlion I'oimd a mow oiio, Ihon roa<l 
 and ro-road tho wliulo until ho aliisoiluMl it into his vory nutuio and 
 loantod upon it- as his daily HhxI. A luw W-^hi was'dawiiing upon hi-i 
 mind; a, now iinpidso wan moving in Ids hoart. As |VAul»i;;no ^ayH,. 
 "Tho roronnation lay hid iii that lli!>|o." It too!v prcoodoiuo of 
 ovory olhor bonk; it ctuinuHl to oxoi-oi^o unljniitod «-onlro|. . . , ,• 
 
 At thiH orisin an iiioidont oeoiu rod which gavo ft lolouring and Hhapo 
 to J#u(hor's luluio plans. An lntiiii\to Irioud nainod AloXia >vas tilfuok 
 Uoad by hin Hide, hoiiio wrilors way by assa/tsinalitui, olhovsi hyjv thuiulor- 
 lK)It. It irt oortain llm! Lutlior wa>+ alainuil, and liiUt uh ho tiomblo<l 
 for his own Kifoly, bo was ovortakon by Jl t-lfirni. Above I ho rolling 
 thundor ho hoard a voico whioh ^aid, •' To I'hoCloistor ! To tho I'loistoi! " 
 IIo invokod tho Huccour oCHl. Anno; ho vowotl to oinl>r:ico a roligioun 
 lifo. A fow ovouiiigs aflor ho iuvllod his ohosen^Viouds to hharo liiM 
 Himplo roi>ast, Tlioy woro happy in mutual lovo; mu^io onlivonod tho 
 RCOilo. Uut In tho miilHt <tf tlii'ir gaioty, Lulhor pi-ociainicil his vow. 
 Ilirt friontlH ronionslnitod ; ho Avas (loaf to llioir np|)v:ds; ami quitting 
 tho vhambcr without bidding thom adiou, lio loft his furniluro and his 
 books, and taking w4th him hin Plautus and his Virgil — an epic poom 
 and a comedy, us one WTiter says — st rango plot uio of his ihon'Kt ningo stato 
 if mind-^ho hurriod thrtiugli tlio darknoss of nighj. loiho galo of tho 
 AugUMtinian Convont, *'Opon, in the nanie of (Jod!" niud JjUthor. 
 V What do you want ?" demanded the brotherju ohargo. '^ To consocrato 
 Imysolf to God," wtts tlio reply. "Amen! ' aiiHweied tho tViaiyus hd 
 ;<)i)oned tho giito; and in uiiolhor monionfc Luther was .se))arated IVom 
 |tno world, bin parents, and his frioiidH. TlVe tiv-\t day ho sent back to tho 
 lUuiVorslty tho insignia of his degree, tho I'yljo and tho ring he hifd 
 i-ccoivoddn 1503. . ^^ , 
 
 j Aprofoti,nd8cnsation was produced by Lulhcr^s Right., Tho professors 
 
 ) Wore diHtrbksod ; his father was enraged. Tho former sent a depulailoii 
 
 jvto porsuado him to recall his vow; ho refused to soo tlu*m. Thw, latter^ 
 
 , dtsappointcd in tho expectation ho had formed of liisnon attaining' 
 
 I briUiantdi8t^ction,andperchaiuo forming n lucrative marriago, wroto 
 
 him an angry letter, in which ho withdrew his favour, and disinlioritod. 
 
 I him of hia lovo. Still, Luther romainod infloxiblo in his jmrposo. IIo 
 
 hoard tho voico of Goid, and could no longer con lor with flesh and blOod> 
 
 It was a mysterious p ower w hich movctl his soul ; it w|\8 a ha nd onmi- 
 
 potent which fik(iX)Gd Ms path; Tho work awaitingllun in tho futurtr 
 
 I. 
 
IK. 
 
 ifrj- 
 
 , 
 
 *^ 
 
 } I* 
 
 6 
 
 '^»^^-«'****wi^W"' 
 
 LtUher and the lieformatim. 
 
 ■\ 
 
 roquiicd fiuniliarlfy with tho written Avord ; tho Hlfrug^IoH which wor» 
 to cn)\vti Ills litb <loi)Miii(lo(l earnest' preiiaration in ednimunion witii 
 Ood. Jle know not an y«l tho nutui-o of tho pi'ocoHH througli 
 whioli ho ]>it>i.sc(l, — wjm uneotiK-ioiis of tlio (iohtiny ho noon ttt uo 
 ditKjIo.sod. ^ Tlio J)ulty was moulding liim in llin own inui|<o, im» 
 plnating witliin liini tlic ftrorniH ol'ii dinno lifo, Intrning into hid very. 
 Hbuf tho liiltli, llio liopo, tiio counvgc, tho iovo, wirieh formed tho 
 oloinoiits oflilM lioroisni, and wiii'rli laid deop (lio foundation of llcfoi-m; 
 ftnd wlicn tho appointed tinio arjjjvcd, — ^^wlion tlio vorriiptions of tlio 
 Churtii woro hoary witit tlio aj^'o, and (ho iinivcrHul mind began to uj)- 
 hoavo with in(|iniy and thoiigiif, — ho oanto forth from hiw rotroat, lilto 
 , ^lo.tort dosiondlng froni tho mount, roflocting in his imago tho glory of 
 tlio Invi-iihlo, anti boaving in hiu hand tho tabloH of tho Law ; and with 
 that dusty old vtdumolw had found ui)on tho library nholf ait Erfurth 
 UH hlfs Ituftis and his fulcrum, ho moved and Bhook tho Avorld in anumncr , 
 of whioh (jialiloo had novor droamod. And tho Hamo myhtoriouB jiowpr 
 attaehv's to the Biblo now. It Htill breathes the voice of tho OninijKX- 
 tent, and uiuto^ in one the hunian and divino ; and wherovcr its influ- 
 cnci/pormcatCH the souJ, and its dootrinos become the foundation of 
 human faith and tho guide of hnmandife, it still proves itself, as in da^'M 
 of yori?, the harbinger and safeguard of lilierty and peace, ot ja-ospority 
 and ]io\ver, in tho famil}-, in the Oliurch, in tho nation,— in the civil as 
 in tile re^Iigious a^airsollifo. Tllero couhl have been no Reformation 
 \vith(.mt this glorious old Bible, then so imperfectly understoml ; 'and 
 dcsiiite the snocrs of a few sceptical philosophers, who now delight to 
 Ktvlo it a Avorn out fable, it still holds oit its c( 
 
 
 fii ftils^ts hoavon-bon 
 
 con<piering way, it still 
 
 imago of its Creator, shall enjoy tho blissflil calm, and sing the 
 . ing song, whlciTmado Eden in the days of old the" vestibule of 
 
 ^ j'li mission, it still shakos the world by its eilont 
 
 energy and its still small voice ; and this it will do till ovoiy vestigo of 
 MipoVstition has boon removed, and till humanity, renewed in tho 
 
 the inspii'- 
 hoavon. 
 
 ^ Tho convent life of Lather was an oarnest struggle to ho good. Ho 
 liad fblt tho pangs of conscionce and tho miserj' of sin. No particular 
 crime had been or could bo charged against him. As a student his 
 conduct Avas most exemplary. His companions loVed him; the pro- 
 fessors wore proud of him. In only one instance had ho kuoAvingly 
 aettid in disregaiHl of his father's wishes, and that was in assuming 
 monastic vows. Yet ho was haunted with impressions of guilt, tom- 
 fied at the prospect of fiitui-e wrath. A conviction had spizod Ids mind 
 that he wascover<5d with a spiritual leprosy, that ho was tormented 
 „with an inward devil: It coloured fill his views, embittered all his 
 pleasures, directed all his plans. An impenetrable cloud hung over 
 him; ho gj'oaned in agony ; lind as ho read his books, and pursued his 
 labors, and applied himself to his devotions, it was with a restless 4osiro 
 for poaco, and with a feeling which bOTxlcrod on despair. / .. 
 
 • For a mind in such a ferment only one remedy can avail/ It is 
 useless to trust exclusively in things external.^ Nothing sho^t of the 
 Omnipotpnt can still the tempest of the soul. Only the voice of Jesus, 
 as it soimdcd o'er the Galilean lake, can speak in tones Avhich winds iand 
 devils must obey— "Peace, be still," "It is I, be npt afraid!" Tho 
 refuge qf the contrite sinnCr is in tho cross of Calvarj'. .On that cross 
 the Lamb ofGod was slain; and by his precious death redemption has 
 
 rm> ^ r ik i ' I 
 
■?""1 
 
 ;\..v •,./,;■•■ . ■ 
 
 blch wo» rC^ 
 iiion witli .\. 
 
 tlirougli 
 on ttt Jjo 
 nago, ira» 
 hid vory , ,^ 
 >rmod tho 
 ['Keform} 
 us of tho 
 
 nil to up- y 
 
 roat, •liko — "-■ 
 ) gloi'y of 
 
 and wilh 
 t Hrfiirth 
 aniunncr . 
 >UH power 
 
 OinnijMK 
 
 iIh inmi- 
 Uation of 
 isinduyH 
 rospcrity 
 civil as \ ' 
 'ormation \ , 
 ood ; 'and \ 
 
 flight to 
 r, it still 
 its silent 
 vostigo of 
 id in tho 
 10 inspii^ 
 f hoavon. 
 
 ood. Ho 
 larticulor 
 iidcnt his 
 tho pro- , 
 iao\yingly' 
 assuming 
 ilt, toiTi- 
 hls mind 
 M'montod 
 3d all his 
 ung over 
 rsuoci his 
 essdosiro 
 
 il/ It is 
 rt of the 
 of Jesus, 
 nnds iand 
 I" Tho 
 hat cross 
 ption has 
 
 X 
 
 iSii 
 
 ■ ; 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ ! ■■ . ' 
 
 i 
 
 *['■■'■■ 
 
 
 - . ! 
 
 A - ■■: 
 
 ■; 
 
 - -t • ■ •• ■ 
 i •■ " 
 
 
 , . _ ■■ , • ■ 
 
 
 ir: '■ 
 ' \ ■ 
 
 < 
 
 -y -■ 
 i 
 
 /» ' .. • Lvihtr ami the lieformatior^-,' T ; T 
 
 boon Ixmght. From Calvary stream ravs of light to choor our sorrow- 
 ing mindg ; fVom Calviuy How woi-d» ol peace which bid us not doHpair. 
 It was thither Lulhcr should have gone, and with his weeping o'yos 
 and trembling soul, havelookctl u|)on tho J>oity-Incal'nato. . . . Ho 
 ttftorwards did (his, and iinmediatoly "a joy unspeakable" tlllo<l hiH 
 mind. But lit the early stages of his spiritual struggle ho had no clear 
 
 Sorceptiori of tho plan of salvation as unfolded in tho iJible. All tha 
 octrines of theology, and all tho meinbors of 'the Church, were limited 
 in thoir views by traditions which for generations j)ast had been 
 gathering o'er tho Church. Tho common iiU'ii of a religious life was in 
 tlio seclusion of tho Convent. It ,was only by fasts and penances^ by 
 severe flagollat ions of body, by^feoniy dejection of mind, and by aus- 
 tere devotion of life, that the pcWToiit could hope lor imrdon and peace. 
 The delusion took IWI .jiosscsHioii of the mind of Lutiicr. He entered 
 the Augustiiiian Convent with a clear persuasion that there was no 
 j&ther door through which he could /enter hoavcii, and with an earnest 
 resolve to prove liimyelf worthy of the illustrious brotherhootl, and «)f Ids 
 ftituro heaven. . .. . \ , . . . ■ », : # t. . . ' ■,;_■' . 
 
 Tho eonvents of tho middlo ages are not to bo indiscriminately coir 
 domncd. Tlioro wore many deplorable (tvils connccled with tlienv 
 Thoy were often marked by'hlleness and luxury, l)y tyranii}' and, la^t- 
 Many of their inmates were eontomptiblo hypocrites, with slmllQ'y^ 
 brains ami ]>olluted souls, too idle lo,work, and too ignorant to tei^dr. 
 Such "houses" wore a curse to the land, and a reiH:oach upon tboGhinrcJi. 
 But the princiiilo on which nionastie institutions wore based waS hot» 
 originally bad. In some eases they realized the idea of their Ibuiidcrs, 
 nnd4iocamo at once asylums for the destitute, and schools for the pi*o- 
 Borvation and growth of art, and literature, and religion. . . . . • 
 Their revival, however, in our day, and in this our laiul, is undesirable. 
 The phases of society, and tho requirements of the Church, liavo under- 
 gone a change ; and allowing even a life of religious seclusion and 
 spiritual contemplation to Rave thrown around it a saerctl and fascin- 
 ating cliarm, wo want men and women with zeal and courage to enable 
 them to grapple boldly with the evils of society, rather than Simon 
 (Btylitoa or Sister Min-ys, who, contrary to the iaws of nature and of God> 
 make themselves oblivious to tho world ai'ound them. 
 
 It is not to bo regretted that Luthor became tho inmate of a convent. 
 His novitiate was another step in preparation for the gi-and dnima of tho 
 • age. Ho thereby acquired a familiarity with tho inner workings of tho 
 Church, and a power <)f self-discipline and control, without which lie could 
 not have become tho loader of rolbrm. Tlio testimony of his ouemios is that 
 ho was studious and devout^ that ho spent long nights in prayer, that ho 
 watered the convent floor with iiis tcai-s. He was eX|M)sed indeed' to 
 many humiliating rostrictions, and had exacted from him the most ser- 
 vile labours. It was his duty to sWeep out the dormitories, to wind up 
 the clock, to open and close the chapel doors. With a wallet on his 
 back he was sent through the town to l^pg ft-om house to house j and 
 often did ho return weary and foot-soi-o, but counigeons and resigned. 
 In this there was nothing to daunt his courage ; in this thor^ was much 
 to fortify his mind. His prayer was to be holy ; his cry jvasdbr pbaco. 
 He became more rigid in his fasts, more seyci-o in his mornfications, 
 until 'the color faded from his cheeks, and his native energy declined^ 
 
 j. 
 
 '.I 
 
 '^k ^ « ik,il!f"^^ t t^'U 
 
[S. 
 
 
 I 
 
 li 
 
 i r 
 
 . ■'HE- 
 
 iMther and the JRe/armaiian. 
 
 and ho walko<I tliroiiirh'theoorrUopH lilr«*-^„4— j 
 
 found (Ml (1,0 floor of Iuh coll S«rh! a r * "P^f'*'*' *^^ onco efon was 
 
 poaeo, l'OH.»ughtwnMnoionWod AX".k.!;;.'Inri ^''^^ •«'^'''*^««"n. tho 
 
 • aovil BocnodfaH with tho XC nmn h f I , 1? -"* '^""^ "'"'* '"'"• The 
 
 piecoH;" lK'«aw opening hS'l.irti.oUtl^^^^^^ *r"^"'' ''''"«» 
 
 greater than hini.si.If, "O wroteh d man t t'l '° '|»"«"»ffO "'' one 
 mn-rom the body of thi^ doiuh }'' " ' ''''•" "''"" ^"''^or 
 
 ral yjll: Sllff ^S,!;:,rra ^ ^ Stau^^itMhc vi^rt^Gono- 
 
 and guide. JI.h ^u^Z^^Z^rT^ZT'''^^ '^V '"^ ^>"'P»tl.i80 
 ha.ll,i,nHolf ,,«.ssod ti.roiiLrh » n fi;' / • T^ 'T ^volt-inlhrniod. Ho 
 dorstood tho tl oory of t e Gos" "'^^^i^^ ^ "'".* "«" I^"'l'or; ho un- 
 
 true ro,,ont:mc.o and uri htn 'o^rinn ?^ U.o ,ult..ro of 
 
 Atonement of the Cos. ^ ""plioit reliance in the Groat 
 
 Sunge in Luther's ears': it oneiu-d' uun„\ '*'"'"'«<' "« "ew Ian- 
 tore devoutly h. studic,! i|u o v 's^, .'''''*'J*''* »H'«>i-o I.Im mind, 
 road M.0 worliof^t aXs . kn^^^'^'""r' '"T ""^'''"""'^'y 1.0 
 ^ound«, he was met a'V " h oI,rnK»d:'\:^ I'P w,t Iced in theconiont 
 of Ids apparent doioction, wir evh .Tr't -^ */^ '"to (ho cause 
 
 quoted (1.1 lo-tlnH,V )r-s"S:r n h i r '^"'!^'^^^<' "'h' who 
 Christ he recoivesthiassunnc^on o H iv m'' 'I "T^' ''^'"^^'«'^ i" 
 thatnissiosarofiM-iven. • Kt < , w „ ^^^^^^^^ Mh.s j.ut into his heart 
 gi-oat «-isis -had boon r^ chod i ^ t^ i"! " ? ' ^"""^ '^'' ^'^-^''^ver. Tho 
 Ho H«w l.ef;>ro him tho refuge iwUhc"^,.n'!''r; ^'"'^ T'^V P'''><^"eed. 
 voice Which pioclaniod hi« . afc v \s -^ • ' ' '•^*'>''*"'^''i""t bim the 
 y, .o Lutlior clung to ,ho c^^^; A h^^v KT' T'^''' "' ^''^ 
 . mind ; a <'peaco which ..asscth undorJ mVV '- ^'^ ^'''"^'*' '" "P"» '"» 
 
 upon now;.round, roalizinir ne^ n M^i n ^'I'V'^ J'"'"'^ -"ianding" . 
 • Ono won] h,M i.nlpa e<t wm^ I ;!':;" ^r^'''^'^ "' »«^v prospoctf . 
 was faith. WilhoL faith ho ;S./e a 1^.^ :^ "■''"V^:^- '^^^ talilman.- 
 
 walicod in (he grim%f ' ahm V^Tl ccasoloss war wi(h the devil, and 
 
 the devil i.onca(l jf fi^a a tcS'lV "'■'' /^""V''" ^''"'"P'^^ "^ ^ 
 a speculative fhncy/or a m^ 1 v^^"? ",'T T^ " ^^^'"- ^^Vas not 
 power within which i.S h f ^ o I ± ?^^'- "i- ^'^'''^ ^^'^^ " "^'»ff 
 Saviour, ire could no Sno tho . /' '^'''^'''-'r* «- the all-sufliciont . 
 not ui..lcrvaIuo. th6 mta^ ''^'S'^^^^^^^ work; he could ^ 
 
 Church, and which bocamo^Som^^^ci^'Hl^^''^'^."^^ '" His 
 
 hoviffg sinner. But ho Was oc^S . '" f , ri *'^''^P't'«tatio!i to tho bc- 
 he had the ovidonce .4S • Z S.ontT '^^v" *»»«.«!'">m because 
 pi-oporsphoro, as the iSmcnfa -n «.^ 0^'^'"',*^''",^' ^"'*'' boyond its 
 ate iho io,;ds of tho insph od Pau ' I'^^f ?'"•;'«"' ^ .could appropri- . 
 spoken." : . . . . ! ■ ' ^^''oved, and thoroforo havi I 
 
 ^<^'^^^r^lS^^ "\ tHe Church, 
 
 ful ropro,entatives of Christ -unfTlwl I? '~:^l° ^'i"^* 'become faith- 
 imbuod with His Spirrtf'Thoro^™^^^ ""^ «re 
 
 vitalitv in faith tk«^i ^"<'™"' poAver m holiness, as there in 
 
 Will So". tfao„r;it";;?:,i::i"r"'°^ '"■■ «<^' "■" s^""*^' 
 
 t 
 
 v^l 
 
 SEP II TtiRiir 
 
 ,S^»^6«l^ 
 
■;:# 
 
 V-:^ 
 
 : , / Zuiher and thi HefornuUion. • . •. $ 
 
 wo can oecompll»h Httlo roornl Kood. Tho vitulforco will bo ro«trict«d, 
 and nioro outward formH will fail to Hupply tlie want. It >'; »V«' ^l;"®/^ 
 that Christ iti tho only uourco of nanlon,— Htill truo that tho llolySplrif 
 iH tho ottlcloiit agent of tho now birth,— Htill truo that ftiith irt the osHOtf-' 
 tial condition on which Gotl has proraiscil to work in uh and by hh,— 
 and Htill truo that all tho outward oi-dinamcs of tho Church arc ho many 
 channolrt for tho communicutiou of Divino grace, or wtniany nican^ for 
 promoting vital union and communion with ClnMbt, hut which by Ihom- 
 Bolvos, umlttondcd \fy tho Spirit'n power," aro inoperative t«) Hulvation. 
 
 Wo aro Homowhat in danger of myatifying or ignoring these funda- 
 moiitul (rutjiH. There IH a tendency aiuongHt u.i to relapHo into tho , 
 Btiporslition of tho darker agon. Tho " revival of catholic doctrine, and ; 
 of "prinutive uh:(1;o,"— of Which ho much huH latterly been naid, ; f; 
 and in which I uiifciijnedly rejoico,— Im too much allied witli the dognuw • 
 and relics of u coi,7iii)t Imuich'of the universal Church. It \- foreign to. ■ . 
 my purpose to distJUHs any of tho i)IiaHes of the great vilualiHtic coixfro-. 
 voi-ny which is now agitating tho public mind. In many vePpectH it is • 
 a controversy produclivo' of untold mischief, in others *)f inthklcuhibid 
 gootl. . .... . . But apart altogether from lliis, I di/ insist > 
 
 thatfuith inChriBt,asalivlng,all-sutncient Saviour, and obedience tollis 
 kw, as tho outward ovidencc of iiiith, are the prinio re«l»isites ol a holy • 
 heart and a iiwcfiil life; and tbtit in tho almonce , of thcsrf no gorgeous* . 
 decoration of clrtirche<i, no punctilious observau# of religious cero- " 
 mcftiiat, no moUifluoas strains of n^u^iic, iio»neird\*ncrationior the past, 
 • no scUklonying /.oal, and no disjntcrost(Ml eilbrt, will cvojl- avail cither to . 
 our own salvation, or to the nionil relorntatiovt of tldf Avorld. Ihero ^ 
 must bo a divino life within us. That, life can be roaliz^vland su^tainod>, 
 only by faith in Chvist, under the operation of His Si4tit, and througlv 
 the ordinances of His Word ; antl in the;;o days of doubt, of corillict, of 
 error, of change, we need as specially applit-able to the world's necossi- 
 tlc.4j rtot aretigion of empty plat itinle.!,ol* Of incongiuous dogmas, or ot 
 rigorous exactions, or of sickly Kontimcntality, but, a religion of know- 
 ledge, of faith, ot.lovo, of power, which sympathises in every sorrow, 
 and provides for every want, and whlch'ficcures for ovciy sinner a frco, 
 a full, an eternal wilvation. Any other religion is untrue to tho (iospol, 
 and unsuited to tho ago ; With this# to nprvo our courage and inspire our 
 
 Slans, wo may/iovolutioniKO the Church, and turn the world upsido , 
 own. ■ _ ■ 
 
 The struggle was now about to open for which the preparation had 
 begun. There wore as yet no outward symptoms of tho gathering 
 storm. A delusive calm was resting oil tho Chureli, as when to the 
 casual observer VesmWs is sleeping. It is characteristic of tho Divino 
 Government to preiM-o for greatevents by silent means.. The Refor- 
 mation in its ultimate issues resulted from various causes. Some of 
 theso were indopo'ndeni of Luther, and inde|)cndent of each other,— -wero 
 asmuch literary and political as ecclosia.stical and religious ; but in the . 
 process oi their dovolopipmont, Luther became the agent in4lie hands of 
 Heaven to influence attd direct. His own preparation was iihpercep- 
 tiblo and slow, i^aitockd first his personal experience ; it related next ^ 
 to his public position. \By the agency of the truth his mind had boon 
 enlightened and renewed; by startling expositions of that truth ho was 
 now to influence the minds of others. Having served his novitiate," ho 
 was admitted in duo forni to tho full order of tho priesthood. It was a 
 
 ' 
 
 • r-i 
 
IS 
 
 / 
 
 ! <l 
 
 10 
 
 f 
 
 
 t 
 
 I 
 
 lAttAin- and tAs H^armatU^, 
 
 Ji';::onrsrTfe^ upon 
 
 ; conlact will, tho ri^h.ir m m7 ,♦' r y. " '' '"'"'H''' '''"» ^'""s o"rly InS 
 Almost wi(|.ou( eontml "p ^^^^0^ Lu^^ 
 
 X 8tin„,Iato to action J i„ tho "eC."^ ^i ."''"''*''" ^ 
 
 , _ ;t for duty. Tho two \'oJ\^tTl\ll^^T -"" f'''''''^"^*"' ""^' P''«'I"'^o 
 
 of om.r, or tho dofonco o?ti^?hir« is ;"''''*^"';^' "''''"'"«"'«'• ^ion 
 
 knowH how to expound at tho dosl\u,d on b i,'^*^^^^^^^ «^''' ^^»'0 
 
 Lrtho,.'„d^,fyfodohpth. IliHftpp^ ,tmo& -^^ ^vas 
 
 , iblUnvod hy nntlrority to dol v^d WniK^^ ""^'''''"'"h*^^^ 
 
 to proaoh in tho cha^ ot'irconvo ^t am S^^ '^>' Lis doction 
 
 ^rg. ^ Tho yoVthof {ho ago, aJho ob tvl r '^^ ^:"''"'^ of Wittom- 
 , woi-o thus h«n,ghtwithiifhi8-omhA«-^'M*?"''*'''''^ of tho nation 
 Hproad, his influom to ol In « .'t...-^ "Tl '"" »-^U>"t«tion hoga ta 
 a now stylo. Thoro was k £ldS 'oJ fholtr ^'^ •'"""^"••ntod : 
 ccpt'^'V n beauty of cliction^n ^wor^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 carnoMtncss, a tondoi-noss of manZ. ?Ji I'v"'*'^"t>on, a j)hiinnoHH, an 
 pmlncodo/loct. Hepou.clconTom ?onfi '"•."''•'^:*«'' attontion tZ 
 ^0 Hot at naught thoVdic?a of Ari ItL ^ '^^ 
 
 Godasthoonlyinfalliblo8tandmra (L *''« Woi^l of 
 
 ancos woro for ovorv soul Zrwi.^ ./^-^ *'*"'' ''^'''t. ^^'J'OHo.uttor- 
 
 ofWutomborggathen-droundhinf monies ^^^^^^^^^ Tho ;^o«th 
 
 . Joforo h.n. ; princos adniiml hi8 oloT.onco 1 ri''''?"'' "^V" ''''^^^o 
 courage, ItMvas as the sti-oaming^Xof J^.^^^^^^^ 
 wp of a now fountain-ris tho dStin?. of l^^ ^^i''*"""- ^''*' «P«»'"g • 
 ol dry bones. . . l„ Wu*; J ^,"* "?^^ ««o<l— as a rosuri-oetion 
 v^Iiib ;..tho vibrntio,; si;ook \jIo omjlll^o'^ '^'' ^'"''^^^ ^^^"'^ ^^ ^''^S 
 
 Vthf^hKrirai^ 
 
 pens'o with thoir teaching; wo Ew h^> .nl V"?' .^^«^'"»not.di8- 
 Wo often failed ill tho mainUancor^^^^^^ Both 
 
 virtue, «i.K.o as befbre tho ItoKatfon ^n^' S'^^ *^^ '"«"'«^'»«on o^ 
 . spu-it, and devotion, and powor^n^^fhni: ^"' '*-L«8 boon for^yantof 
 tje eading offices.. Th2T;o "ea^^^^^^^ ^T '^'^' ^"to 
 
 BhouJd dcelino in influonco, or why the soL^! '^,*?1^/ .'^'>>' t'^« P«Jpit 
 Np field can bo wider, no subioJif rfli ^''"^"'^ 
 
 J10 induboments Htroiger7th^rthL?o&"^ "T«*^^^^ Mghter,™d ^ 
 The ontiro^range of titoratUrVSisTo rv o^/Tm ^ the profeW. 
 
 - available ^br their work. rtTX^fSn^^^^^^ 
 
 thepas8ion8,tomouldthocharLter tol^^^^^^ 
 f 7«'y,tftemeandyncidentmaySy^f'^^ 
 
 degi-adatron of.i1i,lK,„ithejyaavtlX'^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 bhrv 
 
i*fp-#wi«^rii^, 
 
 v.-- 
 
 ' Luther and the Rejormation. * H 
 
 Tho volco of Um) |Mili)it inuHt Hns clear and loud ; the i>owor of tho Hchool 
 muBt 1)6 doon nnd Ann, in tho cx|K)Hiiro of error, in tho dcvnumiotioii of 
 vice, in tho malntoiiftnco of tnith, in (ho onr«>r<oinont of virtue, and In 
 tho Htimnhw to every g(KMl work. It in nometimerf Hnid (hat the puliut 
 in offote, that Hernions uro iuHinid, that tlio hcIiooIh ure dead, that tho 
 Church httH lost itH iK)Wt'r. There is porhapH too much roason lor tlio 
 complaint. We had Iwttor not dJHguiHo the fact that we have <loKenorated 
 in much of our public teaching, and in nimh of ouf pubiir wor,-.hi)). 
 Thoro i« not life enough in *>ur HorvicoH ; there is not iK^wor enough in 
 our word. These are not the dayH for U'afned dulno»H, for rcwiKM'tablo . 
 formality, fordry esMuyH, ftM-ahtitract dis»5erlalionH, for JVeozing dev«)ti«)n,- 
 Hot iuHipid Hcntinientality. We want KormouK briHtling with thouglit; ? 
 wo want Horvices iuHfinct with life. All Ww rcHOnrcoH of genius, all tho 
 treaHiircH of learning, all tho charnm of oratory, all the fascinations of 
 art, may conio to our aid. JJut is Hiipplemeiital to thcKO, we miist liavo 
 tho ftro of piety, and the inspiration (»f the Spirit, ly which in living 
 forms, and in overwlu'lniiiig power, tho truth may be brfuight into diroct , 
 contact with tho mind and conscience of humanity, nnd thi-ough which, 
 as in tho days of Josiih, wo may hco the devils cast out, and the uu- 
 bolioving and impenitent clothed, and sitting in their right mind. ' 
 ABanothorunccmsfiousBtop in the onward movement, l«uthor was des- 
 patched to Home. Tho sphore of his observation was thereby enlarge*!. Itr 
 wanttOccBsary he should become aciiuainted with the condition of tho outor 
 world, and still more with tho general practices of the Church. Ho hail . 
 hitherto moved within a narrow sphere. All his sympathies entwined 
 around tho'Church. So liir he had no reason to suspect it of impost uro and 
 ft'aud. His zeal indeed was such, that according to his own conlcssion, 
 ho was willing to kindle with his own hands tho fire which might con- 
 sumo Erasmus, or. any othc^ horotic who should call in question- tho 
 Buiiremucy of the Pope. Yet the reformation to bo produced was a 
 rolbrmation of abuses without, no loss than of doctrines witliin. There 
 was a corrupt faith to begin with, and that by a natural \,yw*im Avould 
 produce a corrupt life. By devout study, Luther had gained a correct 
 knowledgo of the theory of salvation ; by careful observation, he was 
 now to appi*ohond the revolting errors of tho Church. ^ 
 
 Themission on which Lhthcr was despatched to Komo was ostensibly to 
 adjust certain diiferoncos which had sprui^g up between tho Vicar-Gj|neial 
 apd some of the Convents of h is Order ; it supplied indirectly tho ineans • 
 for tho exposure of tho wholo system. Luther starte<l upon his journey 
 with the brightest anticipations. Who had not hcaixl of the gbkry of 
 tho Eternal City?— of the sanctity of tho Vicar of Christ?— of the 
 devotion of tho Convents and Churclios, which like so many- fountains 
 Bcntforth tho streams of life?— andwho could bo surrounded with these, 
 live among them, gaze iipon them, feol tholr pieson^e, inhalo their m- 
 fluonco, without a corresponding rofinemont of taste and elevation of 
 feeling? Such was Luther's expectation, as it had been the dream of 
 multitudes Ijeforo him. lie was doomed to a bitter disappointment. 
 The contrast between what ho expected and what he realized, was 
 greater than words could express. Along the entire route from Germany 
 twEome he found cause for surprise and shame. Many of the Cqnvcnts 
 were the abodes of luxury and sensuality. There was unblushing pi-o- 
 • fanity ; there was uumitigatod idleness. ...... 
 
 / 
 
'v'':i{:-'\ 
 
 IK. 
 
 ii 
 
 f 
 
 M -^^^ and (Ais Ji^fbrtyuian/ J 
 
 foil upon J,iK knoe, ;-h^ kild So oaru7 . ^l"" f "*'*^ '" "' '*'"™ :-»»• 
 oxpras«ion> of veneration undlovo Z I „'T r*^" «"* •" th« wildoHt 
 of tl,o Church, und tTnZnrnr^ rT' '!?£'?'" '"^''«''«v«t«"n« 
 where ho waa roGcivod wiSrreK.lw ? Z'^'"'" "^ '" '"'"«»«"• ^very- 
 »o di„,H,l the iCilitfriH nff 'fl "' ovcrywhoro ho huw ovidenco 
 Jlopart d: the co"ndHiof of^ ^'S. SlH; ^rn r'^Slt'ff '"^^ 
 
 4votioMinU^C™uri)^^ tloi^vrr^^^^ "'"* '".•"'^'""- '^^l.oro wtH no 
 incredible " "nW C /er <LV » •^^"'T'*-" «'» the Convent. «at 1. • 
 
 educed, to the rccoo-ni/o.F foi.nfM «r < i"^;'^!"* oi JU'n pturo thereby 
 po«eJafro.luLorro." om^^^^ /n doing thiH ho ox^ 
 
 St. Augustino andtho Afth" S i 
 
 proof, Jidduced, arrested a en ion It ,m St'""" 'f 7'^'*','. ""^ ^''° ' 
 and tl.UM nrepa^cd the warfor hat d S ^" 'T-' ''*' l'>,'"^«"-''«l'>n. 
 
 . right apprehension of tiio doctrir.cs tlmSh. ,m'^^i i *''« J^'^'o* ^V^ » - 
 associated with-were absoliUo y .L-cS to £ ' ^""^'^ '"^J"^"t«Jy 
 
 clear y defined faith in rnT.n.lmfL -f ' " ■ ^"° oWigation of a ' ' . 
 
 fundaLntaTprinct 08 o/elSTi .r''"'^^"^ *« '"««"« the ' 
 
 needed, that S T rovoiife 
 
 thatby'itsdicrl'ra^'mus Ub^^^^^^^^ 
 
 tho 8upreme authority of the B^blrfn matters oVS 
 
 have no basis on which to wm-i; n!;,i i • ^^ '^^ and praetico-wo 
 
 tho Bible his foundLt on ^nd^i^« "1?'^ "» "^/"Z «« I^"ther made: 
 
 which he had aS unc^,^ Z^r""^"^ ^"**^^ "^'^ <>- 
 
 The controversyonlndulgonges became the match which ignite . 
 
Ti^ra%^ 
 
 .♦■1 
 
 ^JLuther and t/i« /t\/ormatu>n. 
 
 18 
 
 train. 
 
 rontly, hy tlinl 
 
 All tho nntnnnilion had boon Iw^iiii, all tho ovontM woro inndo 
 
 )y tlml IiivimIIiIo n^oncv 
 
 our individiiiil will, iiiid nulHtnliiintoH hiinmii |>tiHHi«>ii to tlio iliviiio k'"'*}'- 
 
 ivimI1»|« ftm<n('y which woi-Uh in nntitrtt, whlrh controlN 
 
 And whon Totzcl uppoarcd upon thf wono with hin inftemnUM doctrlilO.' 
 4ind unbluHhin^ otlVontory, It wuh onlj- t\M tho Hpofk which kindled thy 
 bliir.o, or only am tho tocMin nonnd which cnllod into action tho woii|)oru) 
 wnitinff to tl^hf tho battle of tho Loi-d. Tho trnlHc in lndule;oncoM wnar 
 a rovoltiiiff mirloHqno on (.'luiHtianity and tho Chunh. If'thvro I'o ono 
 trtith more (doarly rovenli«l In JIolv Scripture (hnii nnotlu>r, It in thin; 
 that (tod alono can A)f>^lvo fin. I'l ih tho cHM«ntial proro;<ativ« of tho 
 iK'itv, which Ho has, not, — and which reverently bo it Mpolcon— He can- 
 not dolc/xnio to' any hunuui authority whatHo^vcr. The duly oittaincKl 
 and appointed ndni^tens ot'ChriMt may pronounce'forp[ivoneHM'orMinH, in, 
 ' iri^ name and by Hin authority, upon the compliance of the Hinner with 
 the i\!coffni7,od conditions of Hulvation,— or In the words of tho JJook of 
 Common Prayer, ''To all them that with hearty i*epontanco and true fliitli 
 turn imto liim." Ihit that any num— no mivtter what his pergonal 
 /Ofiflrt or ofHcial j)osition — shoidd a<4Hunie tohimHolf tho power to remit,: 
 in bin own name, and at his own discretion, tho penalty of bIu, and to 
 guorantoo tho etornal Hnlvation of tho houI, onlho poymoiit of a fow 
 paltry coins into tho coH'ors of tho Church, ^Ih an uct of prcsuntption 
 and blasphemy unwarnintcd by Scripture, nnd ropui^nant to ri/^ht 
 rooflOn. Yet Huch was the prerogative assumed by the Holy Vontitf,nnd 
 by him delegated to thoHo whom ho chose to api)oint us his miiiistei'H 
 or agents. ....... 
 
 There wa8 now a »pot ial noqd fiir the sale of IndulgcnceH. Money- 
 was M'antod. Ijoo X. hjul Huccocdcd Julius I(. in tho pontifical chair, and 
 had found tho kingdom impovorished In' tho wars of his pvodecoHsor. 
 Tho magniflcont church of St. Peter at Rome had been begun, but funds 
 wore lacking for its completion. In addition to this, Albert, .^Khbishop 
 of-Montz, was indebted to tho Pope to tho extent ^f some $45,^, which 
 ho had not the means to pay. . . . . In this emergency, tlio Popo 
 proclaimed a general indulgence. It was lot out on tho true forming 
 principle to tho Archbishop ; and sinco a thii-d person was required for 
 its success, John Totzol was chosen as the mission preacher, or, more 
 strictly speaking, as tho itinerating vender, in the unholy traffic. By 
 this plan 'the ftinds of both the Pop© and tho Archbishop mi^ht bo reple-^ 
 nishod, if not tho devotion of the people, and tho purity of the Church 
 increased. > _ * 
 
 There was hero a singnlai* combination of character. Tho gtoatest; 
 
 EOBsiblo difforcnco existed botw^eon tho ' three men who thus, 
 ocame prominent in tho preliminary stehs of tho Reformation. Jjco X. 
 was in many respects all that could Ijo dpsirod. /the pontifical throuQ 
 had seldom boon fio worthily filled. . A son of tho eelobratod Lorenzo do 
 Medici, ho combined in a i*emarkablo degree mafiy of tho virtues and 
 vices of that illustrious family. With roHncd tastes and an acconmlishod 
 mind, ho united a virtuous disposition and a benignant rule. He gave 
 encouragement to literature and art, and was not averse to ecclesiastical 
 reform. But his love of r^anoy and his' delight in war, his thirst for 
 
 Eleasuro and his extravagance of living, warped tho better principles of 
 is natui-e, and rendered him indifferent to tho higher duties of his office ; 
 and like his predecessors, while usurpilig the prei-ogativos of tho Doity,'^ \ 
 ho sought by threatening to ins'pire tho fear and evoke the obedience, 
 
 
 ' "-4' 
 
 .# 
 
u 
 
 
 .> '• 
 
 1' ■ 
 
 i^i 
 
 r 
 
 #^ 
 
 /«M*.r anrf M<» lii/ormatioH, 
 
 
 Tfio rhnriK'tor 
 
 Catholic wriUw ; whilo tlioi« L "^ '»/ «<'<l{omloir, and Ihnnun 
 
 «tlon the future of i,t"n...uirrv;;; •;""''':"»""» <" "•"•jKH-t of vv fZi 
 
 iftan in tho Church o? tho' K m'i '7fi.^ ii ' l:^**"- ""!'«<« H.an any <.tho? 
 was «m,,Ioyod.. Kaeh o^ S^J^^^'!;^^'''' '"":''"'-. In wL.K 
 «ach Wan.o, IndircHly at legist; :::r^;;;^;^t^;jl»"''»'«i«phcruj Wd 
 
 • iv^i't!:;;;.^ ^;l;!;Si;;;,:;''i ^'-'"i-i'-Hcof in<,ni«oncc, 
 
 W-t of « njOHt "«eon,nli„^,od ,,„3'''5'^"'^'' 1» '«^^ ''r* {""'^ ^vJth all Z 
 
 .vHI,iKoandtown,and^t<, otlorVm th«i.n •/ *?*^r' *« ^'"^^ «very 
 for ovory sin which \m\ \yi^^l\ \m^±\'IV, ''^ *'»«. ^'op "'>HoIutloJ 
 , montofthoroquiMHnm. Tl /„«n«at "^^^^^^^^ 
 im.non8o. In ontorinir th« irrc u.T l*"«''.'i'«l ''y tho traffic wi 
 
 bv tho cl«r^.y, m«gi„t5t:« aKuS „X?r^^^^^^ 
 
 children of every grodo Tho 1,1 1- ^ i. '^"'^'' ^y '"«"> women and 
 
 waved and musi founder! \^^^^^ bannZ 
 
 chfti-iot, having iHjforo him « velvet o 1 • '*«*'","'" « maKnificont 
 Bull of the Pone. Tho «h, Ji. ?„ \^ l'V""' «" which was laid tho 
 was handsomely deeonu'cJ'L " a' t^^^^'^'T' '^'^ J^'^'^ 
 erocte<l m A-ont of the altar; on oifhor S w,?v '1^' 'f PHpalarms, was 
 the organ poured forth it« nofl molcKlfi T ''«^'*f ^''^ ^^rning; 
 flowers wafW a sweet porfumo EvvT " .* '' '''''"'° incense and 
 boomed with eager oxnoctatZ.",^^^^^ cverv/hce 
 
 When amidst the bSlels iiloico cf/fl '^'"'^ '"I'^i^^"^ ^^ ««o*'o"^ S 
 and the loity strains ortr^e^r^^^^ 
 Church, a scone of enthusiasm 'vas nLf?' ^«o""d«J through tho 
 
 te'^^^V■"^*^"««• I« tho appohitJi o^^^ '"^° that of 
 
 ,.. Papal Bull was road. A sermon ^ii^ oraor and in solemn form, tho 
 
 in which the necessity fndXXe^?^^^^^^ '^ Indulgences! 
 
 in which appeals wore madfto tho fuffl «*"^*' '^°'« onforco\ and • 
 oxcitod crowd. Thon ToS Z v /"'*^' *'*« foar, tho love, of the 
 
 . «• 
 
 5tr 9 ^mm 
 
chnrnotor 
 'til It had 
 '■«•«'»• of tho 
 'ovotco, ho 
 <'nrt>(l loM 
 (Woo. Jtig 
 i'«l towiinlH 
 ". niui tho 
 xwJiritfii or 
 IU'<|. . . • 
 ••uwn, and 
 
 •IN of lH)th 
 
 fid Mtrholur 
 d Itoinnn 
 
 Aiihigno, 
 
 «H Hi III ply 
 
 ■N, having 
 "ly other 
 whith ho 
 luru i a|id 
 
 I'Koncos, 
 «ino left 
 imoncod 
 li nil thd 
 t ovory 
 Holutlon 
 the jmy. 
 .fttc was 
 headed 
 um and 
 i>anner8 
 nificont 
 »id tho 
 formed 
 na, was 
 rning; 
 so and 
 yftce 
 I ; and 
 >ogun, 
 h tho 
 inter's 
 tat of 
 1, tho 
 JnceSj 
 , and 
 f the 
 CO in 
 wing 
 sates, 
 wr in- 
 
 Luthcr and th« liifonnatUm* 
 
 1ft 
 
 %\ 
 
 UmiH) ; each ww nnxioun to piirlbrm an not of kimliiuNM for tho dead ; % 
 ■ ' goimrnl riinh won nindo to the Mtand; nnd ^old, niwl ullvor, and oopiwr 
 
 coiiiH wer« Hhowomi like httiUtonuaat the fuot of Totxel 
 
 Thin won reiwtttwl wherever a crowd ooH Id Im) ai»iiom Mod; the wxcit©. 
 mont ran liUe wiitlHie ; tHIiiiloiin NuniM of nioiiey were obtainod ; nnd 
 often at the cloMO of the dny'H pioooiHliii/^ Tct/.ol would ro|Miir to tho 
 I>iil)lio Inn, where, nigaitileHN of hlH oflloe and aKMHintiotiH, ho lieciitno 
 merry an a clown. 
 
 It wiw a revolting tranitaction. Never hiul Huch dUhonor l»(*on dono 
 to (^hriht and \\U religion. The pioiiH meinlHtrit of tho ('hiiioh IduHhod 
 
 for Hhanie; a few Uname indignant It wan LuiIioi-'h duty 
 
 to e.\|Mme the iiii<iuily and fmiid. At llint, acoonliiig to Imh own «on- 
 fewtion, he hardly knew what the IndulgenooH meant, and wan iiulllVer- 
 ent to Tetunl'* iniHHion. Hut when he mw a itror.|»eotiiM of llieni proud- 
 ly hearing the name and Kunrantee of the ArohbiHh<ip «>! .Mont/,, and, 
 • when he lioai'd reporlH of tho Noatidal oaiiHe«l l»y the language and con-, 
 duet of Telxel, be wtw led to eti<iuire and roMoot. At oiue the oonvlc- 
 tion itolned him thftt tho trafllc wuh an unholy and blatipbonn)UH pro- 
 
 '■y.-- cee^ing,— diHhonoHiig to ChriHt, a perverHion of \\U gospel, and an 
 injury to the Hotiirt of men. It waH time to Hpeak. IIIh oonMolenoo and 
 duty were involvod. Ah Micholet Hayn, "He run great rink in Hpeaking; 
 
 »«/; but i#ho held bin tongue, be believed bin damnation certain. " Tliero Th 
 no foundation for the iiiHinuati«)n of bin enoniioH that bo was iidluvMicecl 
 by joalouHy,f bcoaiiMe t,be nttle bad bwn cntniMted to a Dominican latber 
 than to an AngiiHtinlan ftiart IIIh entire comluot is a coiitnftli^liou of 
 the charge. A nobler principle actuated bis mind. It was tl|p Hpirit 
 / which Hummoned him to prote«t and warn. IIIh fli*Mt niov«< was to 
 ro(iue»t, in legal form, bis own diocenan, the Hisbop of IJrandcMhiirg, to 
 HilencoTetzel. Whort tbiH fUiled, bo announced a Hcrinoii, and published 
 hlH propoHltJouH. ThodoHign of tboHo wan to expose the fallacy on which 
 IndulgencoH wore banod, and to^hbow that nothing Hbort of truo 
 ,' i-opentnnco and bolinoHH, pro<luced by faith in OhriKt and obedience to 
 lIiH law, under tho operation of His Spirit, could avail to the snlvatlou 
 of the Houl. Wo cannot say that all IiIh jwintH were well taken and 
 defined. There waw Bomo Huporfluity of expiemston ; there wan somo 
 ambiguity of idea. Ah Lutber biinself afterWai-*! Haid, ho might bavo 
 proved somo points Insttor, ai^d iwrhapH omittc«l othern. IJut, defoctlvo 
 as they wore, they contained tho germs of the Information— the oshoiico 
 of tlio gospel. The underlying principio wnH ^«ound. That principlo 
 was, that graco alono could change tho heart and lif0| and that tiiw. 
 infusion of gmco was the Hpecial act of Goil; that there was, could be, 
 no salvation out of Clirist, and that to say otbcrwise was blaspbofhy. 
 Wo repeat this principle. -4ts obsorvanco will counteract many pre- 
 vailing oiTors. .... j|^A. j^ 
 
 When Luther's sermon and tbosos wore jmblisbod, they foil as a 
 thtindor-bolt at tho foot of Tetzeb lie foamed with rage, and committ4ng 
 the nropositions to the flainoH, ho threatened a like fate to their author. 
 In the gathoring slorm, however, Tot/.ol became powerless as a child. 
 Avolco had Hpokon which i-osoundod through the Vatican ; a power 
 moved which shciok tho empire. "This immolation of liberty to gracoj 
 of man to God, of tho finite to tho infinite, was recognize^ by the pooplo 
 as the truo national religion, tho faith which Gottschalk had professed 
 in tho days of Charlomagno, in tho Very cradle of Gorman Christianity, 
 
 
 M 
 
 •i' 
 
TUtfnf y 
 
 II 
 
 •fFj. 
 
 ^BuiA^r and (As rie/ormaiion: 
 
 tocalMn ,.,„ tlon t|,o .. ,.,,., l^*, J' ;^, , '-' novo.- o,.to,..| hin mini 
 i;rolo„«,wion of tho (oiaoM L, T?l.n ."I "'?'"'"'^«"' '" M.r, .kibr tt 
 
 «»hn,K.<| Jluurronrio; nn I U h T .V. '"'^I": I"'"!"""*"' '»'" «'vontl and 
 
 at Itiitno within ^ixtyaavH'/T• . "" '"'"' '^""'or to u,,„oa! 
 -Ldither, « I (nwi to Ni,«ak. Imu j,., Lv' • <''"«'<'nt tImoN," mIivii 
 
 ^;;pjMa«w.t}i:~? 
 
 Of I.i« poHition. ^JmC^SXl M^hl^^ m^r.Sun^ 
 
 against Lure?. ;&';;^^^^^^ ^^^^ '»« Cardinal«; p;op„rod 
 
 pH..it;onH tnk,n fro m j' tE' 'Z£ "• T.^' «"'«"'^rotod' Cj-ll 
 
 under pnin of oxcomnuuiioation ^fVnl' p'"*''"^'''^'" ^oro prohibited 
 
 required to retract hisZZ with r^x '^"'*'*''' "^'^'^^^^^ 
 
 wei-o oJdorod to Koize his person mil "^ uY? ' ""^ "" ««c"'»r princos 
 
'KB' 
 
 f.uthr and ths Rtformatitm, ' ^ * tt 
 
 wonid hMv« »>A«n c«.mmliliMl to tho flume*, Tho only «ft«cX <»f tho Ponc'g 
 bull vra« lo imrm.o tin. «...(l ol I.uih.r, mul Oio ,.,ill,u-liu.m or tho 
 tK»oj»l» '« Now. Ii«,r,.mnrk«|, "» mtium MriiKKlo iiM •-.Mnmoniwl. 
 lllthcric) r hnvo only f„wl .hil.lH piny with tho I'oihj ; I now Uuii, Iho 
 
 y|j/rti»M/ M« h.vcnthlt thil of AHU,'hmt. Thoi o wiin no ImiutT nn y JoiitX 
 1.1 iN miiHl ilmt 11,0 P.,,K, wn. n uMii-|K.r of tho Ihnmo nn<i pr»i^<(tttivo 
 ol (M. iho Ht'npmr«« khvo no wnnnnt to hji, hl^h prt^lon^lotN nmt 
 Mb tmry iKmor In tho pi-n.«lr.'H of tho onrlvChiu-.^, ovon, nothing 
 nnnluKouii coiihi tw ftmml to ihu piv«.-Mt Mnto oi ihi„«H. Tho Vliar of 
 hriHt on onrth nhoiihl Iki tol«*rnnt an<l Kontlo : Liilhor h«w in l,oo tho 
 IncHrnntloii of tyrnny nii.| .|ofclt. llonimlo ii wUo.llMincMion hotwtHJM 
 lioo hi hiH iHTHonnl thnrmtor nn.l Iho I'o|k^ in IiIn oIII. i,il mim.llv 
 Iho lornior lio pniimil a^ " Daniol in Iho lion'M don," an " Knoklol 
 n.nom< worpionH ; •• ||,« |„ttor ho .lonounoocl im "tho n.iKhtv hiintor. 
 Iho NHn.'.Ml ol.tl.o Konmn opiHoopa.y." I,, hl« liulKnunt ll.o wh..lo 
 occ OHlunticnl nyMom wiih huMtU uponlniiHMluroumI rruuU.iina»Uilninod 
 by l^nornnco nn<l o|r|.roMion. • »"««• 
 
 It Id poHHlhio Ijithcr <li(| not «nm«'lcnily dldrrimlnnto hctWMn tho 
 conittitntion of Iho (Jhunh iih doHno.l in Hninturo, and tho/«rv*v/ dferctaU 
 hy whi< h ilH nuthorlly wnH now uphold. Tho Churoh had un<h>uhu><l|r 
 tidivino origin; (ho opiMOopmy vva« Iho unilorm mkhIo <.|* ^ovornniont 
 Iron* tho diiyn of iho a|KmtloN. What had nood t(» ho coriocUd woio iho 
 ori-or(j ot laloTKrowth, which niado tho Popo HUj.romo, and tho Church 
 corrupt. J.utlkT now wont vlKorounly lo Iho work, al(houi;h in Iiih 
 OXcOHMiyo ioal ho wan in dauKcr of lou(diin« homo of Iho i.riniarv 
 prlnciploH with loo rou^h u hand. Tho puhlio voic-o choorcl l.im on • 
 
 . itn< whonntlhocitvKatoofVViKomlMTK, in prcHonco of iho nmfoMorM 
 rtnd HtudontHof Iho (Jnlvorf«lty, and nn immouHo crowd of Moo'iatorH ho 
 
 Pommitlml to tho namoH Iho hull of th. .0, ami Iho docrc(al« of 'iho 
 
 Uhurch, ho hIo(kI (orlh iih Iho moKl prominoni, foarloas man in ChrUlon- 
 doin, and Ihortd.y Htruvk a choni which vilr,lted in ovory Kuropoun homo 
 hnthUMinsn, was nt It. hoiKht. NohlcH and poopio, cnntloM an<l IVoo 
 town* rivnllod each olhor in xoal m»d onthuHia.m for Luthor At 
 Nurombor«, at HlniMhurK, nnd oven nt Montz, hi. Hmallont pnmnhIol« 
 woro omuhjUHly cauKht up at« fant an I hoy nppoarod. Tho Hhootn woro 
 hurnod ijnd Hmujr«lod into Iho nhops. all wot fVom Iho pro.H. and woro 
 
 - groodily <lovourtM| by tho aspiring litteratcxm of tho (Jorman Compnnion- 
 Bhip, bv tho pootic linmon, tho lournvd coi-dwalncrH; tho irocxl HanN- 
 SochH Hhook on hiH wanted vulKnrily, IcR hiH nhoo unHniHhod, wrote hig 
 
 i^l^'nTw-M'" 'r^P'"''"^"*"'"' '"^ «""« "ii»' »>«*«'• •wreath tho niirhtln- - 
 calo of WittomberK, wIioho voice roHoundcd everywhere 
 N<,thinff Hcconded Luthor more poworAdly than tho zoal of thoprintom 
 and booknellerH ,n behalf of tU now idcnn. Tho workn whiJh woro 
 favourable to h.m woro printed bv tho p^UcrH with min.ito«t care and 
 o ion at their own oxnenno, and many copies woro Btruck oft'. Many 
 old monk« too who l.ad i-oturnod to a secular life, livo<l on LmhorV" 
 AYorkB, and hawked them through Germany."* ... -^^wmor" 
 
 A grand crl-sis had arrived. Tho Btorm wa» in M\ blast. Thcro wo» 
 Ae rumblo of distant thunder. Men's hearts woro failing them for fJa?^ 
 What move Bhall bo^madenoxt? When will the co^motiiucoMof 
 •N. Miektltt 
 
 »."-^ 
 
^^ «^ ^ ff^fhrm^Hm^^ 
 
 rH»r».«,« biuMiL "£"''•'•'*•'•'" ^^'i^^nh t,«<V.m . '^•''? •?!''""' 
 
 
 f* 
 
 
 •^ e 
 
 
 I)ortt'i 
 
 proHoin; 
 
 "ntl moli 
 
 provided] 
 
 f' 
 
 nu.,*M«,»„i/,™*^^^^^^^^ .1.0 r,„|i,.i„i ti,.: -w- ,• And 
 
 in tho L.-m/a *"^"'^"' moniont of J„„ J,r«. :* ^ ' *''*"'" ^''o Diot If 
 
 hLo St.'' t7„i'b'r^'''"7'''- ^^" «'-i' "^n " iTL"'"*''"" "^•-' ' 
 tl.o Groat Toad or ,.^''"'*' ''" ^'""""o <'f tl.o iWr n^^ wltuosHod 
 
 "^' *" M»o pomp of 
 
 
 t 
 
 ! W V 
 
inq«IHii 
 
 f 
 I** f,nr 
 
 ♦•* 
 
 rW mnje^tywiii. tlinplayMl. Tho KmpQPor ••I mtmn % iktwm 
 [ iiK •I'M'lally nro|Mirf.l fur him, numi Ki»r><«»oMitly Nrrnf iMt<~tii<s lnit)«lMotiii(ion 
 |,^P •? ^, ^""^ ""•' !"»*»«''■ AhhiwI him won. iw)«lofi th« Ar.lMluko 
 r«r.liimn.l, « Kl.„ t.,ni t.f lh« Kmplro, 21 Ihiki*. H MaiKfttv»t», IM Anh' 
 l»uiio|m iu„l |||,|,o|,«, 7 AmlHi«-»i.l..r», 10 lH'|iiititm (,t Ikw U)wm, aii4 i 
 Sy»"^'ik Tn *'"""•"' •'«"»«« niHl li«KnU<M, nmiaiiilinK imiiM W) aUmt. I 
 1. I ,* . **"■* '•*"""''y «'r..wilwl Willi i.|H'« im.»r5»-.|sotm' wnrmly ; 
 eXclUM ill Uihrtli; „lUom Utterly .m|H*iK| to la»U.«r, jihiry hvdiiuo ^ 
 lomlin« »,, |h.i hulldlriK wnn Mockmf un with |k«,i,|«. IfhiiiUin hiul 
 cilmiHiU u|M)ii lh«> hoiiMotot;.*, mill hiiiMlrvth moni p.tiri-»ii»l. 4 (Hi.) iiNluini/* 
 '-or tho wlornirr. In Hym|»rili> iiikI N|.iiii ihu «li..lo ..i (%ii«t%.n.lom 
 '''|Hit.Hlii,M,iith«m>oiio . Wh«ii huthiT oinionml, lhi%««mblo4 
 
 vniw.l lK.<ml.l liim with nWvnt oiiiotliin, ihtui miwHl u I.enily Ao«r. ir# 
 WAN ilrvmod ill Iho Itahit «»" UU Onlitr, wi-m-iMx » nluiu l.luck Mwri, mitff 
 
 ■ " r^if^ if V.'" ' *" ''*'* ''"'"' '^"^ •'*' *"««»i'*'«l •»»' oulor .uiirt or Iho *••' 
 
 Imll, old IioiukI^Ih..^, tli<) Cummumlor or I ho Km|Kr.»i'i. UkIw Kiiiinl, " ' 
 Koiitly laiil hi» Iron KUiuitloIr u|mhi hi* iih.HilU«r, and .■.4<liii«M)dT ' Wmr • 
 uiimK, thin In u hold w..ik yoii nthnipl. On tho wonl .d'n K«iill..niftn, 
 ;* iifit iii>r I, hoi- luiy othui- kiihuhI h«iu, Ium Utvii oiiKa««d in Hindi a 
 iKMiIoiw uHiiir; and yot wo havo Injon in M)mu tryin^t Nittiatioiin, Ihit 
 I! you liavo laiih hi youi- .loflrln.', ^o tJ)nvHi-.J in llnMiwiiM of (J.hI." ■ 
 ",\ott, roplliKl Luihir, ''In Iho naiiHMdlMMl I advanw." Iniifothor 
 ^Jnoinont ho wan intriNliicod to Iho aiiKiiNt a«»oinldy. With ni|iirl«>*l 
 [oolmi/H..r adniiialion and Un^;, ho U^wod Udim" hiHjmlKiw. A hpwith. 
 , lOHM hIIoiico ndKiu'd thi-oiiKhont tho liall. hulhol- HtmA ni«itl<rid«wH iiH a 
 .;. Htatno. X.H n Kphlt nowly ii«..ii, ho MtHuniid lont in m'ollotHI«)nifcttna 
 
 UMi»mv.ioki>i of HunoiMi.linK thiiiKM. Tho Kiuihu-oi- ^aml on ii» wo&oi-; " ' . 
 tho IX^piitios and I'linft'H nwo IWini thoir clnilrH to hurvoy tho llgpro, 
 ## ""«* ooiitemplato tho Hcon»'. Manv woro njovt«l by Myinpalhy; Hinio 
 . wtiio bumloK with iovcn,?o. ''^^mniKo, hroih.'r!'' whUoVcd u voIdc.: .. 
 " roor not tln'm that kill Iho IkxIv. and hiivo not power ti. i<ill thoHonl.'' ' 
 In a I.MKlcr tono another Httid ; - Vyiion yo Miami Ind'oro kioKH, think raot • 
 , ^ what yo «|,oll Huy ; for It rtlinll Iw nivon yon in that hour." A pilu of 
 
 books lay bulore hint on ft lahlo. My fomniand of tho Kmporor, fco 
 was inkoa wbothcr hg had writton tlumo books, and whelhor ho 
 propnml to notraut Ihoir contontH. On hoarinir their titluM roud. 
 . • t:on<Mdly «t'knowlwl,<od his authornhip. . ... , . - ,* 
 
 Tho Hccowl qucHtiori, ho wud, rciiuirtHl timo ftMrconBldoratlon. Ttwi 
 granted. Many thought tho rcquoBt ln<Hnito<l alarm, and woro pro- 
 parwl lor a rocantation. Tlioy woif Noioly dlMappointod when tho Diot 
 i-o-aHMomblod. Duiieig the tocohh, Author hoUl conlbronco with hiH 
 , iMondM ; alwvo all, he hail conununion with iUnl Union to hiM nrayor. 
 
 breathed In tho solitudo of hiH rcM.m:— "O (Jodl O thou my (JodI 
 osMiHt mo againHt ail tho windom of tho world. Thou Uiml choHon mo 
 lor tho work. Stand by mv dulo ; and llioiigh tho world Hhould \w Hllod 
 • ^>th dovilH, though my body, which however Ih tlio work of thy handM, 
 Bhou d bito theduHt, Ihj racked on tho wheelM, cut in piecoH, ground to 
 nowdor, my houI is thino. Yoh, thy woixl in my pledge," HIh iUith had 
 been renewed; hm courage was revived. More calm, more collected, 
 moro confiding, ho waa more I ban a match for h Im judges. When appealed 
 \ ^ to for his decision, in hoiw that he would retract, he replied In u tono of 
 ^ candour and simplicity, of majesty and power, which excited general 
 
 jp: Btirpnuo. Ho oxplainod tho oharactor of hitt works, dofondod tho <ioc- 
 
 % 
 
 WM 
 
 I 
 
 * ^ - 
 
 <^. 
 
'^m 
 
 t '.;, V, 
 
 
 ■" Ah '■ r IHiV 
 
 
 (■^ 
 
 
 ->7 
 
 
 r'4 
 
ao 
 
 L^^hw and the '^ef<mnaticn. 
 
 I 
 
 * ^:-^d*S??^^«J^^ in the struggle which had 
 
 of Scripture- 1 cannotind wifl"";: "i^?."r'^'"*"'»«'-'^>' tt«n tha? 
 > «tberw.«o; God help mo r S J?.t ,^«?,f / ^'"^° ' '''» 5 Icannotdo 
 
 ' dwhed in vain, the refomor^tood unmov^^^^^ aff'iiu^t which the tide Ti 
 
 ' It is the K$Sijfsa!::;ns' ^^'^^^^^^^ 'v^^i 
 
 Truth has nothing to fear fromoJll^l """* ", ^"^" indication of decS 
 cannot stand upoH its ^hmn^:^^''*T^""^«'^^^^^ When a svS™ 
 
 It 18 a fair presumption either Jh«7??/-**?^'*'"«<' to its demands 
 ' Jte adherents are cSwartkT ^^ '^' princple^ are unsound, ^tt 
 vanablj in its object UmLvvvavoiU^L i- ^?' Porsocntion fhi^n- 
 oppressor, but it also ensures Lm£?l.w^ ^^^'Snity and power Ttho 
 ^w of nature; or a decree of pSnJe tl^^^ ,«Pl>^««ed and Ay a 
 Incomes more elastic and 8ucS„i\;*'*° '^^^^^^^ 
 It was so during the persSS of 2 p ^ '^ ^^ t^e apostoli^days- 
 fb^centuriesAndirwa^t'S^^ iu ^e S 
 
 . ^«t th? mark<rd promSce hei^L^ -P" °^ ^'olonce fro JrhisTe- 
 adulation from friends" whicb SK'"^ ^-^P<>««d him to a &ro of 
 spiritual life. It was ofThe wSLnH ^"^^^^ deirimental S h^f 
 character of the work T^fiT.^ ^^P*^^^"ce to preserve tho rL.v.-! 
 out theinterve^S^f^felf |t^ «g«nt l^f hS 
 
 current of human tlK>ughtaSd,«lv',5*?P'^ impossible that £ 
 changed. They take a shorSKTn.r''*.*^ so^visibly and qSy 
 history who contend thar^^BeforSr"' ''"P^^Whical W S^ 
 ^ean^ without a r.cpgnition^^fe^;?^3,the re|dt of hu^^ 
 
 belang.ngt«theElect<^,^|«^ 
 
 . /■■ 
 
TWi |'l»^i>. HW^ 
 
 clothed in the armour of a knight, and provided with every comfort 
 
 compatible with hm safety, and the scerosy of his retreat. A profound 
 
 lr.T I the i)ublie nUnd when the fact of Luther's disapnoaranco 
 
 hecamo known. The report at ilrst was hiu-dly ^-redited ; tllon oppos- 
 
 ing conjectures were indulged, and contradictory statements made and 
 
 severe, reflections uttered. His absence produced a girntor commotion 
 
 than h,8 presence. . . .. ; It was seldom snch^ trib'utehad been 
 
 . paid to the character of an indivrdunl;, it was scldomer still that uny 
 
 lel igious movement could so proibumledly stir the passions of the heart 
 
 and^evoko a general outburst of sympathetic grief. And in what shall 
 
 ^e trace the cause ot .this excitement? . It is found in part in the cha- 
 
 ractor of the man, and m part in the nature of his work! Had' Luther 
 
 &th«T'l"-li*'*''^ hypocrit.0 his cnqmies have portrayed him, or 
 
 S!?A K. ^'■""'^ u" "Pjet/'er origin than human pission, tJiero could 
 
 have been np such pamf^l sensation in consequence of hii supposed 
 
 imprisonment or death. The instincts of the people seldon/go Stray 
 
 Lu her had proved himself a conscientious and' honest m«n( as pure irf 
 
 motive as he was bold in action; and at once ap iharac 
 
 for thd^bss ot thci^. leader, their benefactor, and their friend. . . 
 
 «5!i°°P*i^'*^ ^^ Juther Was pjumarily serviceable to himself. He 
 
 needed rest, as well for the body as the mind. By meditation and 
 
 fnSd bv?f.tet 'f '^"'. qmcfconed ; by the studies in which he 
 
 fffif&7^'*°.u' *'*'''''''*''' ""^' "^^® «"' V thoti-anslationof 
 
 thebcnptures int» the common tongue, ho confirmed his own and gavo 
 
 imi>otus to the faith of others Li the castle of the Wartburg he some^ 
 
 ^mcs compared himself to St. John, at Putnios; and verily as the 
 
 J^clovcd disciple was placed in banishment ihat ho might receive tho 
 
 revelation oftho last times, and write thenyin a book, so the intrepid 
 
 flnK''^'^ sec uded trom the world that he might translate for tho 
 
 peoplp the revelations which had be^n Jifoi-btimo made. Without a 
 
 tr^slation of the Bible, tho Eefo.mation ^ould have been incomplete! 
 
 LZ^JiyT^t' ?»f^'V'""t this seclusion no such translation could 
 
 i^n^ii pT^*i! »«tei-nal struggles thrWh which he passed ho was 
 
 ,„«prepai-ed for the outer confl cts ho had /to wage ; and iy placing the 
 
 whthrS" '•^rf^f t!l« P«0P1« he provided for them an in^stCSt by 
 which God. could silently carry on His/ work, when the human acents 
 wei^ removed. „« Tho Bible was broi^ht forwai-d, and LuThe" Sa 
 secondary place; God shewed himseltand man w^ seen as n1^^^^ 
 
 _ There is no i-6goneiator of Bpciotjr like the Bible. As leaven its 
 Si f^^^J^tfd spread- In the'mission work of the Church,' the 
 S • • ^''/ 'l^^ -!l supreme. Wo must not, can not, dispense with 
 the living teacher and the outward ordinances. But in ca^c? wherTtho 
 missionary cannot go, the Bible may gain access, anrby Tnstming 
 
 tlrm '"^ *^L:f •°^' f"^ ^"B^ *^« ™^ of con^'icUon Z 
 morm.^ • • -, And equally so in the scholastic projects of the ace 
 
 I^^r« flS'T''" iiK ^^^' P^"'«^- O""- '««««" »>ooks in history and 
 Sr« .1 beneath ^ts charms. It might not bo wise to make the 
 
 ^^t^S^^l^'^^T^ '' should ncJSj . 
 
 ]^^ the educational qui^tions which are rising to tho siirfhce in Great 
 Bntain, m the United/ States, in Canada, i& is a point whidimSt - 
 
 'W'* 
 
 ! 1 
 
 w 
 
22- 
 
 J^ther and the lieformatim. 
 
 the physical i„fl„enc(«- of fe "tf ^* «^"««t'«" i« »>ouh3^ by 
 and the obligation of viHuo ^ ViJ. ^'° J'T°^5'^° of coiiscioncT 
 thoir children as into!1octuai mri,- T''^*'"'' ^^OJ would oducato 
 
 ll ,?'^'"S^Fominonco roraTo.'.f?" '^f- ^^^'^^^^^ ^^ "^^^ 
 . nnotV. ^ tU rules of ai-^thrno c and f h« • "' T *** *''° o-^clusion of 
 facts of history and the JSverios^^^^^^ of gi-ammar, the 
 
 rpquirod by mathematics and tZ 7.^^15 Y*'"f ?' *^'° ««^«^-o tiisciplino 
 .CJreok and Boman classoa hto all?w '"-''''*^^^^^^ 
 »« unmindful of thenf f S^'^ot d ±cd W^ »''"•'*'• ^ ^^^P^ «« o^o 
 But 18 there no soul, no consJ^nn.^^ ^ to depreciate their influoncc 
 thoi^ no „eed for truth ami C;^ eternity? a^dt 
 
 / and heaven ? And whenrn «Tf k? ' ■ *' -^ ""'^ devotion, for holiness 
 ; «ay nothing of a ChrisUainr ^ f 1«"?«nt8 of a moral chai^ctorlS 
 1 of the Bibl? ? Should "S not~ hetfcH?''^ r^ ^'^"^ the^Sipgs • 
 , «^qua.nted with that Bible rpracticablS T^^ «"' children as early 
 I fttiU wider circulation through th«„rfi, ^"'' ^''^"^d ^e not give it a 
 the standanl of our ap, eaP^ ii\h"T J ^ , ^^'"i^^^ P"ll>it wo mio i? 
 ' ?f our ypnth ; and wSliher am"^^^^^^ we should maL it theS * 
 
 . . m heathen lands, its inXeS "vll h/rfK^" ^^^ «''^' ^" civili Jd oj 
 fe*;l'?«ff,,«tower, as the ge.iiarr2'ort. «" ^•^'^^'""g ^ow, as thj 
 Bible for the people, Luther nlaL?rfW ^'f ?"•, ^" translating^ the . 
 
 reSSi^l^fcj:;,^^ completed. His health 
 
 increased, he wis prepaS Tike EinT .'r?,?'?"«"^--^'« influence 
 place,^ and again ti siL^in tLs o?m«l«*'^ ^''^^ 
 ^pecial need ibr his pi-esenS Sr?nf 5"^' V""^ P°^«'- Thero ' 
 
 divers^ opinions sprang un'monrth? .«f '*^'°'''' J" ^^^^ ^artbui^ 
 pund Of future ti-ouble? me# T^,^,,'^«f«^°»ers which became tfe ' 
 Bances were for the moment Ked^ fc'""'*''^"^^' t'^^ distui! , 
 ,t,*o try his temper and ire ht ;,e^?* ".^^^^^^ round 
 
 8_J\oftld be assailed bv all tho ™„ /x.. " ^"* ^^>^ cn(mgh that ho 
 . l;S*r Henry VlI^fi^P7«^^»^ >' 
 
 treatise on the Seven SacraMsof^dfrT / "" 'i?*^. ''^"^"^t ^J™- His ^ 
 a seveire reply MelanShS.^l5i\ ^^"'^^''' ^^^^^''^ forth fr^^^^ 
 
 but no, said 4W7"S 6ho^^^^ 
 
 beasts who are continSfbLl^fr^f ^'?.*^r^^^^^^^^ f^^ocioSs 
 
 -author had called him bfa few ^S'^H*^^'""^^^^^^ Theroval 
 Jtjphonious of these wereS' apf ^.^nfo^^^^^ ^ot the leas 
 
 "limb of the devil!" LuthefiourS^ut ir'^' " venomous viper," 
 nautaarcaan,^,,,^^^^^^ 
 
 
 *'••. 
 
 
""^^^ff' 
 
 JMtKer and the Ji^ormaUon.^ " H ' 
 
 made the lofty Tudor writhe upon.hls throne, and which called to his ' 
 aKlS«^a^ More, Chancellor of ttieKingdom, and Fisher, BiahJ? 
 
 K^hi^"^*''' M^T ^''*''*^° "^'"^^ ^*^««" Lutlicrand the Pope. All 
 S.Tf,f r ^K^'f °?.'^'"°'' 'iSuished, In rapid succesHion tL refer- 
 mor sent forth treatises and letters upon the principal quobtions in 
 dispute, which gave impetus to the work, ant( which made hi™ 
 mo.|epowerful than any s{.ord in Christendom. It 7s imp^ imp^^^^^ 
 Tv^Sir P^l"' "^•*' to analyse these works, or to folbFvTn Si th^ 
 events ^which now rapidly crowded on each other. The remark inu^t 
 suffice that like a violent stream-almost with the rapid ity^ofS 
 ZifiT*^' Keformatien spread from viHage to town, fmrn city to natS 
 untd its influence was foft at every Court, and the general afpect of the 
 Church and the Continent was changed. . -. . . . . . 
 
 In the writings of Luther thei-o were evidences of a gi-eat mind and 
 
 ofa generous soul. , They wore not indeed free fi-om ITe Scs-^ 
 
 1t^" T «°"^^t^«iruggcd and uncouth ; his .roaSg wafofton i 
 
 For fi Irr""^* 7."' " "^^ ^° ^^'"««^ " conscientious >refe^S 
 
 h^ Sk\wS' *'"^?'*,^^'V;.*' *^ c«'«'»""leate to others the knowledge 
 
 he had hiV^clfacaairod. His acquaintance with the philosophy of the 
 
 schools, h;« study of the patristic theology, his penotrLingjuS 
 
 his logical power,.lus ready wit, his keeSsati^-ofhis copious dS his 
 
 impassioned eloqi«>nce, rendered him aformidable opponent, and enabled 
 
 .him to argue a^d persuade as few men of that ago we^e able toT 
 
 ' I- 'yt\ " * .; • ^ ononiiea of Luther even have'borne testimony to 
 
 his literary attaiamens and intellectual power. .According to ^r^^^^ 
 
 Mafnbourg, ho possessed a quick and penetrating genius, was indeC- 
 
 able in his studfcs and acquired great knowledge of languages and 
 
 of the wntings^of the ancient fivlhcrs ; while ^rillasiul ^Kh 
 
 historian, dcclai^d that no man either of his own time or since smko 
 
 f„;r^^^r^^l^'^S^^SO, or understood its nicetiesTeUer Ihah 
 
 ionufi Tl". Ty,^^^^}'^^ ^ reason, why his works Lamb so 
 
 FS if; ^^»M>«opl? "n^frstOQd him. In the estimation ^f Melanc 
 
 then, he wmmnia in^ommbus^omi.hto in everyfiiing, a veW miracle 
 
 r«?l A. W l^'*^ '? composition. His productio3is teemed from the 
 press a& by^n^agic. Heaps of them were burnl in Germany in 
 
 Swn'i!'' ^r'^'^H* ^'^^ ^""* ^"« «^«« supplied, and TeVe^ 
 
 ^ It. may^bejdifficuilt, perhaps impossible, to coincide with all the 
 opinionsJie advanced, or witk all the arguments by which he uphold 
 them. ^He sometimes took a cohtracted view of the^St siSc^^^^ 
 
 InlS^^^A^'^^'^y «luc.^tion, indeed, was visible thiCCul: 
 In many of Ms discussions on Free Will, on the Eeal ProsAhrn nn 
 Jhisl^ionjQi Fmth, o^^^ MonLtic Vowr&c. ^e si^^^^ 
 
 to speat and Tfrite as a man who had only Vagudy ai^pveh ^ZX ' 
 tnitfi. His tmper was 6ften irritable, his language too severe • he 
 became imperious m his will, and impetuous in his deeds. Yet many 
 2L l£ "^' "S produced by the struggles in which he had eng3 
 
 -aiSstT«T«2^- V ** *^?" of controversyand the Strife of to^n|ie8 
 -amidst the ass^ciationa of homo, and in intercourse with friends,~he 
 was eminently gja ii^l and pleasant. It is a iiLeaajLmattei^toJBd^-a^— 
 
 *,-H 
 
Hi 
 
 Zuther and ihis Jiafohnation. 
 
 Every great character has some dofecta. We may, perchance, detect a 
 • spot upon the sun itself. But in all liis opinions and labours, I boliovo 
 Luthor Avas thoroughly conscientious nnd sincere, as cnndid in Jud|o;ment 
 , as he was coura<joous in action. His dosirc was to know, anil then to 
 communicate tRe truth. If he had wishwl to lead the people astray, 
 ho had the fturest opportunity to do so. But in matters of faith, and 
 in the ceremonies of worship, his supremo authority was the Woi-d of 
 God. It was the standard of his appeal, the guide of his life ; when 
 tried b^ this touchstone, he did i^ot go very far wrong ; and estimated 
 according to the highest principles on which character is formed, 
 he 19 worthy to be ranked among the noblest and bravest of his kind. 
 
 • •'■■•.•••■•,■ 
 
 ^ i_ — ."„'""'■...■■.. 
 
 Myiimits preclude an examination of the peculiar tenets which were 
 
 held and taught by Luthor and the Beformei-s generally, and of the 
 
 differences of opinion w:hich soon began to devolope thomselvos among 
 
 them. It is in many respects a most useful, yet most painful subject; 
 
 and in the consideration of which there is need for a discriminating 
 
 charity. The Beformei's had tiot all the advantages we possess. They 
 
 were as men groping in the dark. The incubus of superstition had 
 
 weighed heavily upon them. It was hai-dly possible to avoid a few 
 
 errors. They committed many grave mistakes. Still,, on the whole, 
 
 they were farsoeing men, and as courageous as Ihoy were wise. Their 
 
 aim was to restore the Church to Apostolic doctrine and primitive 
 
 usage. With all the difficulties through which they struggled, and with 
 
 all the blunders they made, they succeeded in a remarkable degree ; and, 
 
 allowing even that the Beformation was incomplete,— that it was 
 
 attended with inconvenience and encompassed with error,— still it was 
 
 a grand, social and religious change, and next to the introduction of 
 
 Christianity itself, was the most important movement that had taken 
 
 place in the history of the Church'Or of the world. . . ... . 
 
 It is, perhaps, difficult to estimate fully the*influence of the Beforma- 
 tion. We cannot do it without contrasting the condition of the Church 
 and of Society before the Beibrmation with their condition isince. In 
 the fprmer period ignorance and superstition reigned triumphant ; in ' 
 the latter, knowledge runs to and fro, and a pure faith finds expression 
 in a more spiritual and less symbolic service, A wondrous change 
 indeed has been produced. There is everywhere and in everything 
 evidence of life and growth. 'The progress of art, of literature, of science ; 
 the advancement of religion, and the" improvement in politics, all attest 
 the operation of a super-human power. It might not be just to attri- 
 bute every social and political change which has taken place in Europe 
 during the last three hundred years to the principles diffused and the 
 influence exerted by the Beformation. Yet it was during that glorious 
 struggle that the human mind was emancipated,— that an intellec- 
 tual fi-eedom and a moral supremacy, \yere asserted for all nations and 
 for all men ; and if to-day we possess an open Bible and a pure Wor- 
 ship—if we can exult in civil liberty and a sound education— if we 
 enjoy social equality and domestic comfort— and if in ten thousand 
 streams and forms the blessings of a Divine Christianity encircle our "^ 
 
 {>ath and flow through the worW, it is in no small degree due to the 
 abors and sacrifices of those majestic old men who,— whatever thei^i'^ 
 feilingS)— were giants in their day,— who counted not their lives defjir 
 
 ^.f* 
 
■4:1''^: 
 
 :V^; ■ I'^ther tmd tJke Reformation, >5 
 
 unto thempwho wont bravely to the dungeon and the «take in testi- 
 mony of thoirzoal and lovfl, and of whom Martin Luther was one of 
 the most iliustnouH and brave. «. ^,..« wi 
 
 Wo should be careful to fallow the example they have sot. and Drove 
 ourso v-o. worthy of the heritage they havJlcm \ solemn 'reH,J>K' 
 n£*K ?■ u " l""*'*^ Hpcciul souse than to the ancient Jews, it is 
 true, that to us have boon c(»mm.tted the " oracles o((i,xl." .. Thone oracles 
 are sealed by the blood of our forefathers, no loss than by the authority 
 of our Loixl Ihoy demand consistency and courage in their proservi- 
 tion^and dolence If we nrove fi.ilhlo.ss to the trust, grolTt. wi/l bo ow 
 condemnation and woe. There is danger ahead ! In a moditied form 
 wo may have to hghtm-er again tlte llefbrmat ion battle. The times 
 are ominous of storm. In both the nations and the Church, principles 
 are pronuilgatod which tend to undermine the "foundation of the faith 
 and to impede the progress and influence of truth. Tho papal power is 
 struggling^o regain its lost ascendancy. While in its ancient strong- 
 
 iSAmo.S^n ?;'-'"'"* M,*^'""''i^^^ ^'"•'^'''•y is declining, in Great Britain 
 and America it IS rapidly gaming in number and power. At this 
 moment the Clilu-chot Jomo presents the most singular "spectacle ex- 
 hibited by It since the Relbrmation period. Within the walls of the 
 'eternal city a grand Council is assembled, to discuss quastions and to 
 
 decree dogmas which atlect its own particular commnnioii, and imliroctlv 
 he whole civilized world. It is folly to attach undue importance to 
 this meeting. An "Ecumenical Council" it is not; and whatever 
 decisions It may arrive at, they can have no legal authority, and will be 
 iM^diiig on none savo^thoso who choose volmitiM-y to submit to them. 
 Jot the assembling of such a Council must be taken as a ''sign of the 
 times; and.in the^ questions it has opojied, in the passions it has 
 stirred m the protests it has provoked, in tho conclusions it may form, 
 and m the influenco it may exert, it will undoubtedly prove the precur- 
 sor It not the means of a groat ecclesiastical and revolutionary change. 
 Km our duty^to watch tho proceedings, and to prepare for the issSe. 
 especially as they may flft'oct. liberty of conscience and the soundness of 
 our laith . , . . Papal Infallibility is a gross absurdffy, contra, 
 dictory of Scripture, and repugnant to reason, and dosorvinl contempt 
 rather than argument in its refutation. . . . . . . ^ 
 
 ^ But not^lone from the Church of Rome is the danger to be apprc 
 hended. ^ Wo have enemies amongst burselves, as a branch of tho 
 > lt^BiP'"'"''*'v ^" ^''^^ <*n® ''«nd scepticism assails tho character 
 ?L IV ^^ ?J ''^lu **® ?*^®!^ formality and. superstition i^-o eating out 
 the life of the ^Church. Our safety is in an honest and unshrinking 
 maintenance of tho principles of the Eeformation.^in the reception of 
 -Holy Scripture as the complete i-ulo of faith and practice, and in 
 the observance of ^he. appointed formularies of the Church' as laid 
 down 111 the Book of Common Prayer, without diminution or addition, 
 with integrity and zeal. -'Here is firm fdoting; here is solid rock 
 this can sustain us ; all is sea besides." Are wo ready for the conflict 
 should a conflict conie? TJan we emulate the zeal of sainted martys 
 and shout victory m death?. . . . . Ther? is a present work to do 
 >Ik- *^^||^?"^'\all o«r energy and zeal; and the faithful performance 
 ol this \vill be the noblest preparation for any coiitingency which may 
 ari.se. We have ign o ra n ce to i n s tr u ct; we h ave unb e li e f to r e fute ; we - 
 
 ■i 
 
 .-r^-. 
 
 % 
 
 y 
 
 td^ 
 
 \:' 
 
n 
 
 \ i 
 
 fk ' 
 
 / 
 
 I 
 
 ZutAer and the BsfwrmaUon. 
 
 have yice to destroy; w« h^ve misery to remove. The irreot mMfl«»* 
 of our fellow men must be won. to Christ, to the Bible, and to tho 
 Church. In doing this we should have the hero's courage and the 
 martyrs fire; and by ftoe and open churches ;-by' daily and attractive 
 Bervtce;-by earflest and faithful proathing;— by devoted and sympa- 
 thetic visitation amoi^,tho people in their homes ;-land by the zealous 
 adoption of all such Aoans as Christ wotild have fejuictionod, and his 
 Apostles used, we may perpetuate tho Relbrmation work, and render 
 our Jerusalem a prui«io In tho earth. v , 
 
 over^n'to me?''''' ''^'^ ' " ^^° *^''" *^® "^^'* ^^^ ^ ^i\xxm come^ 
 
 Note.— The following extract from Macaulay's " History of England " 
 .is one out of a number of passages, I had marked for quotation, as con- 
 ZT ^^l ""^ *°'"p of the opinions I have advanced, anJ as illustrative 
 li « .?!. ^^f ® ""^^^^ Reformation. My space will not admit of more. 
 BubS *" " another time, I shall probably resume the 
 
 K--'^*1.1!? ."''*' '^J'!*]'*' "•• '"""em* of tho Church of Rome In the Bark Ani «^ An th. t.i.»i. 
 
 ^^^^ 
 
 mwiM^mm 
 
 . iCVo Clic t^'KSJ,^^ camoWitt 'f^'/rdf."' yr'.T*'!!"'''' »» SwIUerUnd from 
 fliidiih«thirhi.i«.i2/iC;!r.i™_!i?'TV.yi^!*'?!'?™^ Catholic to a Protentant county. 
 
 «nd.Th«t T^fci. „.T..2jh!:'' . * ""■«"•".."! iwiana rrom a Roman 
 
 ■X 
 
 Wi»<ila.»M«,ja..pft»t<»,«rjii«i»aj^ «..^, 
 
 \/ 
 
iJIlP^f^Si^g^*^* 
 
 t 
 
 \ 
 
 y- 
 
 'Lk. 
 
m* 
 
'■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 b 
 
 
 
 
 (^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 y 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■• 
 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 • 
 
 • 
 
 « 
 
 - 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 \ 
 
 •■ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 * 
 
 
 t, 
 
 
 
 > 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 
 "^^ 
 
 
 
 
 - 
 
 4 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 . 
 
 "