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This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film^ au taux de reduction indiqu6 ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X n/ 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmad h«r« hat b««n raproducad thanks to tha ganaroaity off: University of British Columbia Library L'axamplaira film* ffut raproduit grlca A la ginAroaitA da: University of British Columbia Library Tha imagas appaaring hara ara tha bast quality posslbia consldaring tha condition and laglbllity off tha original copy and in kaaping with tha ffllming contract apaciflcations. Las imagas sulvantas ont At* raproduitas avac la plus grand soin, compta tanu da la condition at da la nattat* da l'axamplaira ffilmi, at an confformitA avac las conditiona du contrat da ffilmaga. Original copias in printad papar covars ara ffilmad baginning with tha ffront covar and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illustratad impras- sion, or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original copias ara ffilmad baginning on tha ffirst paga with a printad or illustratad impras- slon, and anding on tha laat paga with a printad or illuatratad imprasslon. Las axamplairas originaux dont la couvartura an papiar ast imprimAa sont filmfo an commanpant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par ,j darnlAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'imprasslon ou d'illustration, soit par la sacond plat, salon la cas. Tous las autras axamplairas originaux sont ffilmte an commandant par la pramiAra paga qui comporta una amprainta d'imprasslon ou d'illustration at an tarminant par la darnilira paga qui comporta una talia amprainta. Tha last racordad fframa on aach microfficha ahall contain tha symbol —^-t moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol ▼ (moaning "END"), whichavar appllaa. Un das symbolas suivants apparattra sur la darnlAra imaga da chaqua microfficha, salon la cas: la symbola — ► signifia "A SUIVRE", la symbols V signifia "FIN". Maps, platas, charts, ate may ba ffilmad at diffffarant raductlon ratios. Thosa too larga to ba antiraly includad in ona axposura ara ffilmad baginning in tha uppar lafft hand cornar, lafft to right and top to bottom, as many fframas as raquirad. Tha ffollowing diagrams illustrata tha mathod: Las cartas, planchas, tablaaux. ate, pauvent Atra ffilmAs A das taux da reduction difffArantr. Lorsqua la documant ast trop grand pour Atra raproduit an un saul cllchA. 11 ast film* A partir da I'angia supAriaur gaucha. da gaucha A droita, at da haut an bas, an pranars la nombra d'imagas nAcassaira. Las diagrammas suivants illustrant la mAthoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 -iV 5' it \V ..o Sjj^ REPORT '• (.- ; ON THB CARIBOO QUARTZ LEDGES. BY MR. KOCH. MINING EXPERT. Provincial Secretary's Office, September 18th, 1886. The following Report on certain quartz leclge-s in Cariboo is puV)lislied for general inforn o tion. JNO. ROBSON, Minister of Mines. ('. To John Bowron, Msq., Gold Comniissioner, Cariboo District. Sir, — At your request, on behalf of the (Tovernnieut, I liave made as careful an examina- tion of that portion of your mining district, lying within a radius of about six miles from Barkervilhi, as my time would admit of. The time expended and expenses incurred are far in excess of the Government appropria- tions ; but 1 became so deeply interested in the very encouraging outlook for the future, and the earnest anxiety of the residents of the district, together with the knowledge so fresh in my mind of the failure that was made in your laudable ellorts to develop the quartz interests of the district during the year 1878, through the incompetency and jealousy of those under you, that l could not possibly terminate my survey with a cursory examination. I, therefore, have the honour to submit the following :— Geological Formation. I find the formation identical with that of California. Slate predominates, with belts of limestone, porphyry, granite, and pei'haps syfuiite: with stratilication tending north and south, with variations north-west and south-east, sjiowing a continuation of the formation of the gold- bearing belt of Califoinia. The surface is somewhnt broken and displaced, traceable, however, to glacial disturbances. The formation, I should say, was of the tertiary period ; that, hov/ever, I shall leave for such eminent men as Professors Dawson, Bowman and others, to decide. Mineral-bearing Veins. While a large amount was done, and money expended during the years 1878 9, but li le has been done towards developing the veins. But two shafts have been sunk to a depth of 100 feet each, and several others 50 feet deep, while several tunnels have been run in on the veins, at a depth of from 20 to 80 feet from the surface ; yet suthcient can be seen to come to the conclusion that many true fissure veins traverse the country, while even contact veins will, in my judgment, be discovered, as already evidenced, All veins prospected will not prove to Report on Cariboo Quartz Ledgks. 1886 be permanent and paying \ cias ; in fact, sijiue of tiie prospects will prove, as in all countries, to be spurs or feeders to a true vein ; or they may l)e slips, slides, oi' broken and detached pieces from true veins. In some cases they may be s(j encouraging to the prospector that much time and mon«y may be expended on (hem before the fact is made plain that there is no vein, but only a feeder or detached mass. To avoid such unhappy experience as far as possible, I will suggest a possible, or partial, remedy further on. (8ee Mineral Survey.) Most of tiie mines that have been prospected to any extent have a north-west and south-east trend, dipping towards the north-east. While other veins deviate somewhat from that course, they also show well-detined walls and abundance of ore, notably tliR Island Mountain mine.s. Breaks, or slips, have occurred on the veins on Island .Mountain, as on other veins ; but, so fai' as my examination extended, I think I am safe in saying that I hose slips and faults, as in other veins, do not extend to any great depth. The veins I have examined run from four and a half to twenty feet in width, while in some cases it is fair to presume that they are much wider than they seem ; as, in somi; \ eins, so far developed, one wall is of a loose and broken natui'e, and may be only a stratum of slate interlined or separating one portioji of the vein from another, in other words, u mine to all appearances rariying a vein of four and a lalf feet may, in reality, lie a vein ten or more feel in width. (JOUHSE OF \'i:iN^ ('(iMe.UiKI) Willi f l..\( I.H DhiiUNiiS. In my topographical examination of the ecuintry, I cunlil not lielp observing that, without exception, your extremely rich placeis lay iniineiliuicly below the ijuart/. veins; as, for instance, if we start at the Loid l)uM'eriii elaini and follow the ei'oppings passing the old Proserpine, now called the (Jalifoi'iiia, and continuing along the vein in a north-west course, you will lind, immediately below, or at the base of the mountain to (nir left, runs \\'illiau)s Creek, which has yielded many millions of gold, nmcli of it extremely coarse, intermingled with quartz; while to our right, at the base of the same mountain, runs Conklin Gulch, which also yielded large quantities of gold, as, indeed, both places are yet doing. Continuing along the course of the vein and crossing Williams Creek at the cafion until the summit going towards Lowhee is reached, we lind Stouts (luleh lying to the left and Ijelow the vein. All know liow extremely rich that gulch has iieen, while it is, even now, being hydrauliced far up the mountain side towards the vein. Following the vein over the summit dividing Stout's Gulch from Lowhee Creek, we lintl the latter has lieen rich ; and within a vei'y few days samples of heavy g(jld have lieen pounded out of quartz found while sluicing. In the vicinity of the Pinkerton claim the vein crosses Lowhee (>reek and pierces the mountain, continuing towaids the Jack of Clubs J^ake, taking in the Lntei'pi'ise, now called the "Senator Jones," and extension, "(iovernor Perkins."' The vein, extending up and through the mountain, no doulit supplied Lowhee Creek with the coarse gold mentioned above ; and as the vein crosses through the mountain, the gold found on the banks of the lake perhaps came fron the same source. 1 think 1 shall warn venturesome spirits fidni attemptiin; to pump the lake out in their anxiety to tind gold. [n continuing my survey, I lind no source from which the rich diggings of Mosquito Creek derived tlieii- gold except from the large, vvell-detinetl, and continuous vein and cross- veins passing through Island Mountain. Ketiirning to the Lord Duli'erin, 1 was not surprised to find that Grouse Creek coulil not possibly have received its liounteous supply of gold fi'om any other source than from the Bonanza vein, where it crossas Grouse Creek as it passes from the Califortua claim and continues through the Lord HuHeiin ground towards Antler Creek; and surely no one will question the source whence that creek derived its gold, when not a dollar is- being mined aliove where the vein crosses cither Grouse or Antler Creeks. I tind it impossible to embrace the Burns Mountain in this report : but from observation and information obtained from P. C. Dunlevy, of Soda Creek — a disinterested person, I think— I am led to think that the Burns Mountain veins supplied the millions mined from Lightning Creek, no gold being found above a fioint where Mr. Dunlevy suppos(?d the veins crossed the creek. While J may seem to have been somewhat exhaustive in uiy report on the above veins, 1 will say I have been shown samples of ore from whac, at present, may be termed outside veins — notably the Steadinan, Sergeant Lindsay, and other veins reaching so far away as Sugar Creek- and they, without exception, show well-delined walls, and invariably prospact well in i0V^m I* Ill 50 Vic. Report ox Cariboo Quartz Ledges. gold, Thosp on Sugar Crer-k, however, rarvy a liitjiipr percentage of silver than gold ; and, beyond doubt, many veins exist not yet discovered. The country is thickly covered with weeds and mo.ss, which makis prospcctinr; or following veins somewhat difficult ; but the day is not far distan* in iny judgment, when many prospectors will be found busily engaged in uncovering good paying veins. Some will meet with success, while the dreams of wealth of others will, unhappily, never Vie realized. Such is too often the fate of the prospector, which can, in a measure, be palliated by the Covernment, as 1 will explain further on. (See Mineral Survey.) f must not neglect to account for ■•iipposi'i/ Ncin.s ciirrying free gold, in some cases lying higher n].> the mountains than the true veins, which lia\e but little free gold ; notably one which was discovered high up— in fa(^t. on the summit of the mountain above the R. C. mines. During the glacial period all was chaos. The irresistible force did not always choose its course and destroy the tops of veins and carry them down to creeks below. On the contrary, portions of a vein were in some cases detached and carried many miles and landed on some mountain lop hundreds of feet liiulicr than its original bed. as in the case mentioned. Instead of being ground and crumbled sutliciently tine to admit of beitig gi'adually washed to the creeks below, it was carried in an unbroken mass and deposited on the top of the mountain, as is often seen in the case of a Jam or drift of timber in a swollen stream, where trees may be seen piled up many feet, and lieyond the line of the Jam Tn such cases the elements have but little effect on the supposed vein, and it lies there undisturbed, while thousands of tons broken and ground fine have at the same time been washed to the creeks below. P.w (Chutes. 1 find those intere.sted in the dexelopnicut of the quartz veins somewhat surprised to learn that a gold quartz vein, found to be a payins; one, should not continue paying to an indefinite depth and distance. In stalling :\ tunnel, for instance, on a vein, the miner may have a vein that will pay a handsome profit above mining and milling expenses ; that body of quartz may continue for twenty oi' perhaps Wvc hundred feet; or the miner may, after drifting on the vein twenty or tliirty feet, find he has come upon (juartz that will not yield him one dollar per ton. i shall not advis(! him what to do in such a case, but will say that, in California, if his walls continued perfect, the miner would continue bravely on with his rlrift, testing his ore daily : and the chances are sti'ongly in his favour of again drifting into a pay-chute which may continue hundreds of feet, and yield richer ore than he had hoped for. The same thing can be said of siid-:t not s\t irllf anil wait for capital to come and buy a (|iiurtz boulder i-r ii k.m toot hole in the ground. Reduction ok Rr.BF.i.MOf- Ouks. Altiiough I consider tlio redurtion of your ores tlir rmly renl matter at issuo, I !t. erect their own chlorination works, and they could always be employed to rerluce tlie concentrations of smaller mills, and the skilled labour would always find useful employment about the mill when not so employed. _ Wood being abundant, the ores can be bandied clieapl\ . T may make somewhat plainer the process of I'edu'.'iiii; your ores liy chlorination. After the sulphurets are carefully co)icentiated they are roasted until they are thoroughly desulphur- ized. Through the agency of chlorine gas, per-chloride of gold is then produced. Sulphuric acid, per oxide of manganese and common salt, are the agents by which the chloi-ine gas is produced. Pure water then dissolves tin' per-i'hloride of ;;old, whieli is readily precipitated into a powder or flour gold, by the aid of sulphate of iion. Patent Processes. I must give you warning by calling your attention to the many processes being placed before the public, or before men not skilled in such business as mining and milling ore, for they are the only ones who can be led astray into such wild and impracticable schemes as some of the processes are. I will refer you to some of the failures, and if your memory does not serve you well in the matter, you can get full particulars froi.. Wm. Ireland, jr., State iJeologist of California. The first one in my mind was introduced by a man, I think, named Mears, in Chili, ten or more years ago. lie became the rage in that great mining country. His process was, of course, a secret. His trials, like all such, were, however, public; even those likely to fall into the trap were invited to make tests for tliemselves, all with good results. Many wealthy men became bankrupt by buying mines which were too poor to be worked by ordinary process. The promoter was presumably interested in such sales. The matter became so public, and so many had invested their all, that ati investigation was had. which resulted in the fraud being exposed and the promoter sent to prison, and, if alive, is, perhaps, there yet. Among the more recent patent processes is the Frier process. 8ome twenty-two years ago Meadow Lake district was discovered in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, about thirty-iive miles from the Central Pacific Railroad. The veins were extremely laige and wll-delined ; many of them rich. A large town grew up, as it were, in a day ; mills built and mines opened, Report on Cariboo Quartz Ledoes. 1886 wh«>n, to the constrrnation of all, the ores wtTP foiinrl to he rofriu'tnrv, and up to this timo they have bafflpfl tho monf skillful manipulators. About ten ypars ago a man nampfl Frior pavp out that hr had disrovored a process bv whioli thr orp could be worked. I, with many others, think that he was honest in his belief; but after men of means had spent fhousnnds of dollars in the erection of rerluction works, it proved to lie an utter failure, and to this day the rich veins of Meadow liake lie dormant. A San Francisco (Company, by latest advices, are shipping in and erecting a mill to cost one hundred and lifty thousMiifl dollars. Let us hope the mystery has been solved as to the proper treatment of the ores. A more recent process is one started some (ive years af;o in iSan Francisco, and lately revived in Victoria. J had the satisfaction of investigating it some time ago, soon after it was made public. Small works were erected in Sacramento, but never started. It was taken east, and I was told that Jay (fould anfl other moneyed men, all ignorant of such matters, took stock and erected works in Colorado. If so, they i|ui('lly 'loscd tliem ilown; not one of them is at work cither in (California, or, to my kmiwledge, in any othi-r counti'y in the workl. Every mining man in the world would hail with delight siu'li ii process if it were feasible. I cannot well atlord to make the ellbrt I am now making on behalf of your people and Oovernment, and see my work lmni|)ered by Imving some ])iilent pro<"ess sprung upon the public and proved to be an unmitigated failure, after costing in(li\ iduals or the (iovernment thousands of dollars, and the fault be laid on tli(> mines as being vfihieless. I refer those that have witnessed the process, and feel anxious to investigate, to such men as Wm, Ireland, Jr., State rJeologist; Professor Price, Assayer and t'h-mi.st: V. A. Luckhardt, of Nevada .Met allurgical Works, and H. Kustell, Assayer, all prominent men in that branch in San Francisco. Either will be pleased to give them information on the subject. I must not lot any patent process esca]je me for fear you may deem it applicable to your ores because I neglected to report oi" state my views on the subject. I therefore call your attention to an article^ in the Mai)ilvi'i nt'ty ussavs from thf ditlV-ieiit veins and oaiet'iilly testing tlit- tVasiliilit y of cliloridi/iiii^ the sulphuretd Loutaincd in the oiv, MiNEHALUlilL'AI, St l[\K^. I deem it of tlif gifuti-st iiii|)oi tante to thf i'lONimi- tli:it u .sy.sti'inatii' mincrulogical suivt-y i)t' niaile, not alone of this iMiincilintc vicinity, Kiit of tln' outlying and .-iui'i'ounding country. The siifvey should be so managed ii.s to k('t'|i puce with tlie piospector, rather than neglect the work commenced hy extending tlie e.xiiniination too fai- lieyond present work; for, Ipy extending the survey lii^yDiid present deveiopnirnts, you depri\f the prospector of the assistance ant! ad\ice of y"Ui' engineer. As 1 have previously stated, the (iovernment can materially aid and as.sist the prospector m his work of development, and often save him much time and money by having an intelligent and practical engineer near by to consult and to advise iiim as to the best method to prospect his ground, and as U> the probability of reaching pay ore. In this conne<;tion I will state that I see a i>ill is presented before the House in New Zealand whereby it is proposed to approjuiate one liundretl thousand pounds to aid in develop ing the mineral resources of the Colony; while the United States has, perhaps, the most com- plete and extensive mineralogicul sur\ ey systi-m of any country in the world, and the result is what ! English and Krench capital come to the United States in preference to any other country. 'I'hey read and lia\e thi' mineral resources of the country explained to them constantly. Following upon the heels of the annual mineralogical report, enterprising men go to London and Paris well supplied with samples of ore and elaboi'ate maps of mining jjroperty, and, gifted with national go aheail-itiveness and never-let go, they annually induce a large amount of capital to come into (California, N'avada, Colorado, Idaho, Xew Mexico, and Arizona. Not one of these States or 'I'erritories but hav e large English and French companies successfully at work; and the more capital they invest the better they are pleased in case it yields from six to ten per cent, per annum. That capital can be turned hitherward ; not, however, by sitting supinely waiting for its euniing. Ask an Englishman which he iwjuld pefer, Canada or the United States, and why, and he will answei- "The United States, because there is more dash, enterprise, and go-ahead amongst the peo})le." Including Alaska, Oregon, California, Idaho, and .Montana, mining in dustries have almost surrounded you, and the outside svorld scarcely knows that you are the possessors of such promising and well-detlned gold and silver- bearing veins. Several years ago so eminent a man as Professor iJawson took with him to .Montreal samples of the cjuart/ liroken from the croppings of your vems, and reported to you from tive to six dollars per ton, and encouraged you to hunt in those veins for richer ore, as they were, beyond doubt, the sources of the many millions of coarse gold intermixed with quartz taken from your creeks and benches, and no richer placer diggings were ever discovered than your creeks and benches through which the veins pass. Do not forget that the mountain will not come to you; on the contrary you must seek capital and give it encouragement, and the day will come when your district will again rank as formerly amongst the great gold producers. Capital at present is seeking investment in the most remote corners of the globe. All manufacturing industries are overdone. Silver is ii d)ug upon the market and can scarcely hold its place as a circulating medium, while (including the product of the entire world) gold enough is not now produced to supply the arts and sciences. Then why not use energy and push enough to induce English capital to come to your district? In referring to capital seeking investment, I may refer you to the circumstance of an English company formed t(j work the gold quartz found in South Africa. In order to be well equipped in every detail, their mill was built in San Francisco, shipped overland to New York, thence to England, and transhipped to Natal on the South Coast, where it had 'o be hauled by cattle seven hundred miles inland. Also one of a hundred stamps and necessary amalga- mating pans was built in San Francisco and shipped to Peru, where, by rail and mules, it had to reach the giddy height of thirteen thousand feet, near the summit of the Andes Mountains, to work a silver mine. I, »*»-*«»« Report on Caiudoo Quartz Ledges. 1880 *\ 53 thi in v« in hi m ai •i 11 n ( I \ I MaNAOERH ok MiLI,8 and MiNINii PnoPEBTY. I can not too strongly inifirt'ss ujion tlio minds ot tlioso j)roposing to invest in, or operatn uiuH'S, in tliib (Hstrii't, tiic gi<'!it iMi|)iii'tiinuc «( selecting nono lait the most competent of mon tor tiif'ir manugers. 'V\wy slioiiiil i(ini(> witli good ri't'iTcnous us U> uliiliiy und iiitcgiily. I'avouritisni, t'riend.siup, pui'tncrship, good honest nieu, and too old to woi'k, and sucii like eunsiderutions tliut can In- advuncud for niuking appointments, wiiicli might lead to the ruin of a cou)pany, or, ut leuM, die uscU-ss cxponditurc of thousands of dollars, should all Ijo discarded, rill- day is past for appointing ministcirs oul of pi.icc, higldy wluiatiul piiysiciiins and lawyers, or rii.li men's sons jusi out of college, because their fathers arc lar^^cly interi'Stcd. Appoint some man who has litnl years ot e.tperienco of vein mining, one who has cost some San I'Vancisco or Kustern eomiiany half u million of dollars hy some liliinder made years ago. lie has had ( Npei'ieiiee, and l)lushe8, anfl \vonder> how he could have madi such mistakes as he his lie «ill, even iicjw, make small mistakes, luit he is ipiick lo disco\er and re me(l\ them. haft, drift, or elsewhere, sharp a j)ick or drill, aning, and the i.osi of nutking the tunnel, always bearing in mind that when maeliinery of sutlieient po«ei' to sink deep enough to justify a tnnne.l is once in place; that the aanu; machinery may have to eoine in play again when the ore aliove the bottom adit is worked out. and the ditlorencf of continuing the hoist abmc the tunnel and to the surface will be so small timt. in raie casi's only, is the tunnel a benefit. I allude to deep, and not to prospecting, tunm^ls. There are case's where tunnelling would be proper, notably, on the Island Mountain mines, after they ha\e been fully proven. Instances ciin be cited wheie millions lia\e bi^on sijuanden'd on ti»e i\erhisting tunni'l business. I will cite tho 8ilvri' .Mountain tunnels, Alturas County, t'alifornia, run in to tap mppoieii I'ich mines at a groat depth : v> lien a few thousand dollars and a gootl horse-whim and v ork immediately on the v(,'iu would have proven the ground, t'oming nearer home, 1 may refer to the Hums Mountain luiinel, the St. Laurent and American tunnels. Not one of these was started to tap a body of ()ie known to exist. Had the St. LauriMit and Anieriean tunnels reached and tappetl the vein at a pinched or barren point, Mr. R. B. Harper's statement, that the vein was a continuous and good one, would have been unjustly condemned, for it is fair to presume that drifts would not have been driven on the vein one foot in hopes of linding a pay- chute, and the owners would have, perhaps, abandoned the property. To say they were surface prospect tunnels is absurd, as a sinall engine could be lutrchased and a much greater depth reached for far less money than the tunnels could be run. with the plant in place for deeper developing. Let the prospector endeavour to lind a pay chute and sink on it, never leaving the vein; if he can find no pay-chute on his vein, .select a place, sink as deep as possible and drift on the vein hoping to lind one, All work done on the vein is useful ; all work done outside of the vein has, eventually, to be paid for with cash or out of the vein when readied. Mill Sites, ■ Great care and forethought should be exercised in the selection of mill sites, always aiming to have the mill below the lowest contemplated opening of the mine, then making allowance for an ore-house with capacity of from 500 to 1000 tons of ore, as, in case of accident to miue- niachinery or mine, the mill will be well supplied with ore. Then, below that and the ore crusher should be bins with capacity of at least several hundred tons of ore, so as to give ample time to repair any accident to the ore crusher. lH8(j 50 Vir. tlEPORT ON CARinOo Qt'ARTZ LnDOES. t ill, or operatH ipPtftllt of lucil "tfgrity, \i, and sucli like 'I to tlie mill of ill Ijc iliscarded. •s iiud lawyers, «tMl. Appoint i Snii I'Vaucisc'o 111' has liad 8 lie lias He •11. < 'Ood men "the world. I its 'naijche.s, rid of timliers mtuio oncyclo- iiiiiiij venture, by shafts and CO in cost as ,' in mind tliat on(;t' in plaui! ■«' tilt; IjottoUi iK'l iind to the to deep, and iintain uiincb, ^sting tuniii'l tap mpjjdsi^d ini and vork may refei- to of these was ■i'fui tunnels it(!morit, tiiat 1" it is fair to uding a pay- were surface ■fiiiter deptli ; for deeper ig the vein ; drift on the 'entuaUy, to »ays aiming I ailowanco !nt to miue- iid the ore give ample IJolow the ori' liins ooirif the si'lf-fciMh^rs, one of tlio most useful adjuncts of tlir niill. Di''ow thcni, and in front of tlie battery, coum the plates ami sluiees ; and last of all eonie the coucontrators for the savin:.; nf the rieli sul|iiiuretsand ainal;,'ani that may escape from the platus ; 80 that it is not hard to euhmlate tin; fall neeessai'y to select a good mill site in this country. Ass.vY Oki'ick. An assay olfiof; is an al>solut(? necessity in a mining eouniry, district. No minor, Iiowever skilfid, can tell what his (ire is worth per aulphurets, and he will Ije greatly guideil iiy his assays. Also, in case eroctod, the pui'chaser and seller of sulpliurets wnuld both \\\A\ to hav( eially in this I would recommend that an assayi assay olHco. ton by looking at the chloriiiation works are samples assayed. br ap|i'iinti'(l to oH'uiato in your very well arrangi'il Suuvr.Yoit. One of the most necessary and useful men in a mining di^li'ict is a surveyor; onr appoint ■ cd by tho Government; and if an af..iistant is recpiired, which will undoubteilly be the case, ln' should be appointed by and under the (rovernment appointee. Without a survi'yoi' no miner is sure that he is not developing his n"ij,'hbour's, instead of his own, mine. The sui'veyor saves endless and costly litigation. It is true, as a rule, we fUd our own surveying in \evada with shol^jnns, but it causes an unj)leasant fecjling in a mining camp. After the prospector has done liis nrelimiuMry woi'k, and is [jreparing to do permanent work, he must have a sur\-eyor. WIkmi the manager foi' a (;ompany has opened his mine he wishes to have an otlice map, or working map, of his own, to which he can add his monthly work ; and also his couifjany will wish one at headi(uarlers, to which they ran adil the woik as it progresses. The veins, so far as known, should b(,' run out, and a large map of the disti'ict should be kept in your olHoe, and its fellow in Victoria. I cannot too strongly urge the appointment of a (Jovernnu'nt surveyor, lie would draw a salary and reasonable rates be allowed him for woi'k done foi' indisiduals or companies, fn time I think tho otHce, as well as the assay otlice, would be self sustaining. Efforts .madk to work Quartz Mixes in LST.'^ and IS79. The efTort made to inaugurate quartz mining in 187i> was certainly laudable, and Justilli'd by so many largo and gold-bearing tpiartz veins e.xposed, and while a mon? competent mining engineer could perhaps have been chosen, yet, I am pleased to say that .Mr. R. B. Harper told you many plain truths in reference to your veins, and notwithstanding that it is possible he lacked experience; as a manager he would eventually have jiiloted you to success. IJeing a mining connnunity his misnianageuient in inference to tunnels, mill sites, ii^c., would easily have been remedied, and I cannot possibly understand why thr (piart/. mining induslry was so suddenly dropp(!d because another man employed by private parties condenincil Harper ami disdained his statements. That person was formerly connected willi ( '. A. Luckhardt, a very eminent assayer in San Francisco, and it is fair to presume was a good metallurgist, and, in fact, he is at present ccmducting an extensive assay olfice in \ew Yiuk. I cannot understand why he attempted and continued to mill large quantities of ore by freeniilling process when Ik; undoubtedly knew that it was iiiq)ossil)le to sav(; the ^'old by such jirocess. Nor can 1 understand why he erected a cupola furnace previous to his freeniilling attempt. In examining the furnace, I Hnd that he roasted the ore in bulk, oi' broken to the size of nut coal. All he could do, at best, would be to desulphurize the outside of each pie(;i3 ; but suppose he had crushed it, as he should, and desulphurized all the ore, even then he would not have; succeeded in saving the gold by grinding in the amalgamating pans, simply because hi! failed to chloridize the ore after desulphurizing it. From my personal kuowliulgc! of the gentleman I can not believe he w,as ignorant of the method nMjuired and universally adopted in California. Yet eminent Frieburgh students were, as a rule, complete failures in California and Nevada. I think it unfortunate that Mr. Harper was not sustained, and, wliile I am not aware that he has had the experience, or is capable of managing a mining property, yet 1 am well enough acquainted with him to say that a mining company might do much worse than employ him as underground manager of their mine. 10 ITepoet cm Cartuoo Quartz Ledges. 1886 i [ r. f ".• to the failiir! of 187!^-7P, in order to point out that it was not the fault of the Veins tlm' suuli failures came about. EXTKXT OF GOT.D-rtEARINC DlSTUICT. Owin^ to t!i(' sliiirt time allowed fur tliis examination I can say but little as to the extent of your gold !ind silvcrdK-ariui,' district, and must conlim- myself to hearsay and my personal experience on llis'iu crei'k (some tit'ty miles north-west tVom this ]K)int), together with my ex imiiiiition in this iiiiniediati> vicinity. At Hi ton creek thu formation is very similar to tiiat i)i tlii> district. A large ipiantity of Hoat (juait/i is found in the ])i>rphyry formation, and has t'oinied itself into tlii' semblance of a vein in many places without, iiowever, taking the precau- tion to encase itself in regular walls, as all well-regulated veins should; in other words, the surplus or overflow from the vein proper is found as above described. Much gold has been found in that quartz ; but in bunches or in small deposits. At the b.ittoin of a shaft, sunk to a depth of one hundred feet, a contact was found ; that is to siiy, the point .if conjunction of a slate belt and porphyry. True, no vein of quartz existed nt that point, but it gave encour.igcment to seek furtlier. A shaft sunk to a depth of fifty feet, at a distance of one lumdr.'d and sixty feet from t\w, former shaft, was pumped out, and, on e\ ur.ination. show.-d that while much work had been done on the quartz scattered through the piirp'iyi'v. tlii'v li.id also drifted and tapped a true fi.ssure, or contact vein, at a point of contact of slule and porphyry. It was ;|nitc encouraging, and it was decided to pro.spect further in hop(!S of finding a pay-chute of quait/. lieiiig iitar the cieek it was deemed l)est to sink and prospect at auothc^r point distant .'lb 'tr tit'ty feet. .V shaft was sunk, and at a depth of sixty feet a drift was started, and the \iin was t >u id iit the exact point where it was estimated to be, and no vein in California has tr iei- or i'.'ta'r detiiK'd walls. It is (piite possilile a greater de[)th must be reached before jiaying i|U irtz iii laigi' (pumtities will be obtained. Recent advices, however, arc exceedingly 111 •(iMi;ii;ini:-. nun h rich (piartz being now raised. I 1m\i- dwelt to some extent on this special property in order to show to the satisfaction of all t ha! your gold-(puirtz deposits of this district are not local, but that a regular and un- broken form itionVxists, and continues for many miles, and that true fissure and even contact veins of gold anil silver ore can be found by intelligent pi'O.sjH'ctors. Mining, when conducted on the same principles of economy, and with the same business caution and foresight as are necessary in manufacturing ventures, and other enterprises requir- ing investment of ca|)ital, is not more risky than other branches of industry, and 1 predict that tb ■ result of intelligent planning, patient and energetic work will demonsti'ate that that branch of industry can bi' as successfully carried on in Cariboo district as in any other district on the Pacific coast. With timber in abundance and a climate eipially good with that of Idaho and JFontana, and veins of ore from live to twenty-two feet in width, what should prevent your district from being ranked among the gold producers? Surely no reason can be assigned wliy such veins w .11 not pay if they will yield ten dollars to the ton, where much lower grade ore is mined and indleil in California at a prolit, with the cost as bi'tween tin; two countries so evenly balanced. 1 will conclude by giving you an extract from a lettei- from C. A. Luckhardt, Es(]., Nevada Metallurgical Works, San Fr.incisco, now in the hands of Mr. Joseph Mason, IJarkerville, showing tha'^ after lia\ ing w orked samples of thi' ore sent from this district, he coincides with my st.'itement as to the pnjper nietliotl of working your ores : — . " It is impracticable to amalgamate the ore raw. This ore wants to be run through a " battery (crushetl), concentrated on a 'Frue' or other coneentrator, and the concentrations " want to b(; roasted and the gold extracted by elorination to obtain a good practical result." I remain verv respectfuUv vours, (Signed) GEO. A. KOCH. VICTORI.v : t rintid by DiCiiAim Woi.Fi!»i)EK, Oovcmment rrlot«ri' ,i, tl .: uov«rui>jent i'riiiUjig Office, Jouiea' Baf, Ci^M I !