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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 ■•■pip" ■|fWW^^W«P;H|l5iP|PJ|?*' ¥ * A Catalogue of the Maps in this Book. i^xyOrld Fol. 12 2 VV EUROPE 16 5 E»glan(} yScotland.JSiC Ireknd, ^i 4 England _ *■ 2 J 5 tVales s ' 32 6 Scotland - " - 3^ 7 Ireland > y' ■ 4^ 8 Denmark ' ,1* 5" J 9 5ji'f 221 21 /r^^ , ' 225- 22 Helvetia f or Schwitz,erland2iS 2 J. 5p>'«j,the Ifles of AJia Min. 375 ,33 Turkffk Empire in general 382 34 Arabia \ .. _ , 386 3y ^^''/^ - 392 36 Totariain Afia 407 3 7 Empire of the Great Mogul 4 1 f 38 Ifidtaon this fide Ganges 423 39 Wi'^/.and New ror/& 606 78 Noithw. part of America 619 ^G "1^ ■POTI mumm BSSSBBB9 o R, A dj-imt'^ DESCRIPTION OF THE WORLD, In all its Kingcloms, Provinces, Countries, Iflands, Cities, Towns, Seas, Rivers, Bays, Capes, Ports \ Their Ancient and Prefent Names, Inhabitants, Situations, Hiftories, Cuftonos, Governments, &c. As al(b their Commodicies, Coins, Weights, and Meafures, Compared with thole at LO NDO N, IhftrAted with Seventy eight MAPS. The Fourth Edit ion f Enlarged, To which is added a Complete Geographical Index to the rVhoUy Alphabetically digefied. The whole Work performed according to the more Accurate Obfcrvations and Difcoveries of Modern Authors. By 3^0®£5^T M %,!> E H. _j _t. _ LONDON: Printed for R, Morden and T. Coekerill, and.are to be fold by A/. Fdhia» in Mercers-Chappei-Vorch in Cheapfide^ and Ralph Smith at the Bihle under the Exchange xnCornhiU. M D C C. MUM 71^ .,«k«Mi4PMPWpM i I • t k f \ i) ft \»^"' •'V ^^ ••. tt ...•^>.. •«*' ■■/ ! I .*« --• .' . . J >: ,. /.' ■.r>n ■.6 '1 K >A ^AM^^ ;^-yy','. ii\!,^,t ^VIA'^.i^^l r:. :: 1 \ t ! '|.-;---,y..r^-.:;';fi/. ' » » T K! I I c? v4uIo} :: — y -rir t'Pf'^B^'*-' —** •?? „j-. »t^w '». <' *''y ^- ^^Pil i;o his nioft Worthy and moft Honoured Friend, Mr. THOMAS GOOD ARD, . -I. ■. ^lt<;H*>>^_ -.^-oiV T. 1 Qf London, M E R G H A N T. .3 ^ ., 'ii, ^ ■■■_ --kL-. J •-• .'. . , AVING ttiade many Coniiclerable Itri- provemencs and Additions to ttiy Geogra* phy in this Fourth Edition, I have all th^ reafoii in the world to (helter it once more under the Patronage of yopr Kame , whbfe Affairs Abroad have not only giyen you a better Ktiowcldge and Experience of Foreign Parts; but whofe En- couragement and Bounty, next to Divine Good- nefs , have only contributed to its Production , which otherwife with its poor Author, muft have for ever lain latent under the Horizon of unknown Obfcurity, and irrefiftible Poverty. The declining therefore the Impiitaciori of Ingratitude, is my on- ly Plea ; and though it may not be pleafing to you, yet not t-^ have done it in my Circumftances , would have been my juft Crime. I humbly therefore beg your Goodnefs will be pleafed to add to your former Kindneffes, That of puf- fing by the Imperfe(5l:ions of what is offered, in e>c- cufeof which, I can only fay, That as 'tis not the Ihduftry, j-- «| ..uii .(.vmmv^ppfnqf^Hppnpil wm i^^ Indufiry of one Age that can rc&ifyand compleat the ^r^xir of' 6f^r4/?/>j:r rior the Wbtk of any one man chat of Coins ^ Weights^ and Mtajures ^ {o a wcU- meamng Eflay towardi both , I hope will find a Courteous Entertainment from the more judicious and unprejudiced Reader : For I have this, I will not fay to juftify , but to excufe at lead, my bold- nefs and forwardnefs, That if I had known thefe things to have been but tolerably performed by Others , I 'had neither troubled my Reader , nor m|f-fpent my own time about the Re^ification of them j wherein although I have again made ma- ny Corrections and Amendments^ yet that 1 have made good feme niens Expci^ationS;, and freed them from all defcifts and overfights, neither my Fears nor my Modefty will permit me to be confi- dent of ^ fo that knowing this W^k which 1- have undertaken, is liable to common Cenfure, I am bold to flirowd it under your Protection, humbly imploring your kind reception and Pardon for this my Prefumption ; for which, and for the exccfs of many Favours,! fliallevcr pray for the Profperity of You and Yours j and forever acknowledge my felf, v.W", /*J .'■ C f, ■ < 1 ■ ' » ' 1 i. I. mi -;( m^ tout mojl ffumhky mofi faithful y 5 I J/ ■■ ■ 5 1 ; V? ani mojl Obliged SerVantj . ? Robert Morden. .■ ) J--- o :::n ,>■ U V. • t■h''^\^^;')>^,'<■^\''^^^■:»h V\\•^^^ ^y\\\^,\<\\ )\\VnV;i\ x^?» ;Vii'?'X .i\.,.^. ;.> . ■■> i .A^v> ^it*! t>% To the R E A D E RV ■. ' «.'•..«'• , ■ , » ■ » , . ■■ SO gre^t WAS the Attempt of ny firft PJfay, in the ptdUjhiftg of mj Geography Re£k.ifi*d , that for my heedlifs pre- jumptioH I^an, Alledge no excufey unlef{y Thdt the zeal of my love for its Truths fo tra»Jported my fenfes, as I coh' fiderednot the weight J undertook* And therefcre I agAtn ctavc pardon for the oudAcity of that Attempt. Humbly r^cknotvledging^ A Work of that concernment And difficulty in it j elf, did vet tide* ferve the conjunction of many heads and h an 4s \ and furely more adv4ntagioushadit been unto Geography f to have fallen under the Endeavours of fome ahle Advancers, that might have per- formed it unto the life. And added Authority thereto. For I am not ignorant of the difcourAgement of Contradiction, of the diffi- culty of Oijfuajtoh from s^adicdtrd beliefs, of what cold requitals fome have found in their Redempihns of Truth; and how ingeni^ cus Difcoveries have Ifien difmijfed with obliquity, and cenjured with fingular.ty. But the kind Reception it found from fever al Worthy and Learned Gentlemen, more efpeeiaHy that Influence that if received from the two mojl Learned Vniverfuies of the World, Oxford and Cambridge, hath once more drawn me upon the Horizon of Publick View, not as a M after, but as a poor La* bourer, carrying the Carved Stones, and the I'olifbed FilUrs, of the mre skilful Architects to fet them tn my mean Fabrick. I have indeed laid mybuildiKg upon other mens foundations ; for ivho im this Subject can do otherwife? Nor do I hold it a Plagiary to fay i Ihave ufed their Richeft 'Jewels to adorn this Work. In excufe whereof give me leave to plead, 7 hat in all Argument s and Sub- p£ts which have been written upon; from the h/fanc\ of Learning^) . to this Age, there hath hee^ ac^riffnualftrifeandifntfUtidnitrHongy Writers, to mend, fupply, or mit^ivdizf whdtfriever hat h le en done /S: before. It wonld be too tedious- fo reckon up the f^veral A'trhcrs on fome onefibjeCt, being a Truth Jo olvious as not to need mu:h . ■^' '■",■■.-'• -vV-V. , a. Cr. wmm To the READER. ^^,1- 'i^ ffoof; fior is it lefs sppgrefitj thatJ/H f be Utter wiifitteidshdvt '" : si^rest advantage beyond t be former^ by Adding tbe exferieme 6f / bis own times to tbe perufal of wbat was formerly Attuned unto \ . more effeaully in Hilfory and Geography \for tho ih the AxtomSy Theorems And Propojitions of Ldgick, Phllofopby, Mathema- ticks, &c> that tvbieb was once Truth remains fo for ever ; yet in JHidory there is AneceBity ofContinitation^ and in Geography of Jit er At ion from time to time ; fo that as ^tis no frefuntption to write upon this Subjeffy tho treAted of by otbtrs famous for heArh" ing And Parts ; fo it is a boldnefsjitjlfjiable by t rut by toaffirm thAt all former Geographies diligently compeyed with the more AC/i^ rate OhfervAtions And Difeoveries of late year Sy are greAtly defe* Hive, And frangely erroneous. And that I may net be thought to beftngular in my affertiont fi^ what the Indujlrious Mr, Wright faid in his Correilion of Errors in Navigation ; where he tells /tSf That the Longitude of Places would well deferve both Labour and Coft. And tho the Reilif cation of them n^ere more a bufie and expenfivework, than profitable \ yet mofi worthy aitd necejfary tQ be laboured in^ as without which AUChArts^MAPs^ Globes^ And all other Hydrographical and Geographical Dejcriptions cAnnot be freed from mAny intricAte ahfurdities wherewith they Are now every where peflered And perplexed : And who that loveth Truths faiih he, can patientfy endure the Mariners common And conflAnt complaint of i^^or 200 Leagues error in the dijiance hetwee/t the Bay of Mexico and the Azores ( or thAt which is more intol* ler able and monftrous } of 600 Leagues difference inthe diftance bctry^en Cape Mendoiino^ and Cape Cilifornio? And in another place he tells us^ that the bejl Hydrographers of that /ige found fuch Difficulties in labouring to bringtheir Mar me Defcrtpttons to feme cor re fpondence of truth f that tired herewith ^ in the end they have holden it impcffible \ wherein notwithfianding^ Jaith he, they err in holding that tobefimply impcffible, which cannot be done by '"^^ fuch ways and means as they know And ufe* > , ^i . v^ ;. And the Ingenious Mr, Hally tells us'in one of his Philofoph'tal ^Tranfa^iionSf That the Dutch Maps nere out more than 10 De- ■# Tothe READER. grces. B^^Sanfon'j 18 Degrees in difiame between London and Ballafbre. And in truth as to all the Dutch and French AUpj that Ihavefeen^ they mere fo falfe and imferfetl^ that as 1 was obit' gedin my fir ft Edition to alter many fUces in Europe j Degr. of Latitude, and^ore than 5 in Longitude; to make A fia and A me- rlci. ivhofly new, and to re^ify Akicsi more than loDegr. And in the Jecond Imfrejjion to infert more than 20 New Maps of Countries^ fome never extant in any Geography before : Hoal- foin thts Fourth Edition 1 have added a Geographical Index to the whole Worky Alphabetic ally digejled. As alfo many Cities^ TownSf IJlandSy Rivers, with the Ancient and Modern NameSy with many other Improvements, which were omitted in the for- mer fothat'*tisintrutha New Geography. And yet 1 know this wants the Helps and Advantages of a more Learned Pen, and indeed it ought to have been freed from thofe frequent avocations and di- purbances that attend a Pullick Shop andTrade.Thefe were in truth too great di f advantages for the rendring a Book of this nature fo compleat and perfeti, and offo conflant and regular a ft He, as might be expe^ed from others, who/ e quiet doors, and unmolefi' td hours afford nofuch difir actions. However ^ in the compofwg of this, I have taken a due regard and greater care in the choice of Authors ', nor have I been lefsjludious in avoiding weak and frivolons Relations, but to prefent plainly the Truth of Geogra- phy and Hiftory from its firfl beginning , fo far as 'tis made known to us by the mofi approved Writers. And all this after m^r ny years experience, not only in making and Proje^ing of Globes,^ Maps, &C. but alfo in examining and comparing of the Re I at i^' ons, Difcoveries, Obfervations, Draughts, Journals, andWri' tings, as well of the Ancient as Modern Geographers, Travel- lers, lA:2intiZ^Sy&c wherein 1 have taken much pains, andfpent much time ; tho to my own profit t have done nothing : Only may this beb^t ufefd and acceptable tothe young Gentry and Scholars (?/ England, and I am fur e of this one advantage, That I [hall have many an idle hour the lefs to account for. m.. '•'•r' /•;. Some mm mm To the R E A D E R. . ' Some mi) yet think the Maps toofmtllt 4nd the Difeourfe too (borty audindeedfo do I ; hut then be f leafed to eoftfider^ that my Defign n'^ Brevity^ wherein I rather confulted your Advantage^ by rendring the Book both more Portable, and Ufs Chargeable ; fothat I was often times more folieitom and comer ned to confider what, than what not to write : Tet have induflrioujly endeavour* ed by infertion of the mojl important Obfervables^that nothing ma* terial either in the Maps or Defcriptions may be wanting^ to pre- fentyou withfuch afatisfa£i.ory view of the Earthly Globe^ and its refpeSiive parts, as may make good ou,' TitU- : For without vanity it may be affirmed, that 4U compendious as it is^yetyau have there^ in now fummed up the Reverend Obfervations of the Ancient Strabo^ Pliny, and Ptolomy ; the choice Rarities of the ikwhi- anGeographer ; the unwearied Indujiry of Mercator 4;»<^ Mun- fter ; the Great W or Id of Ovi^Xxu^ rfWMaginus ; theftately Vo- lumesof Bleau4»^ Johnfon ; the Moslem and Applauded Maps of Du Val 4//«i Sanfen ; nayjhe Quinteffenee of //^^ Chorogra- phies, Topographies, Relations, Journals, and Travels of moji Authors extant. So that if not large enough for the Readings o^ the mojl Curious and much at Leifure,yet may ferve as a helpful Introduiiion to their more Voluminims Trails ; and to others Thope,fully JatisfaSlory, At leafi 1 am confident it may be fuffi- cient to demon fir ate the great Errors of the Old Maps, and the r^ceffity of New and Larger ; but this is not to be performed with- out a greater Stock than I am Steward of And the Encouraging Gentry of England have been fo often impofed upon by pretenders to Mapping, that I el ef pair of making any Propofals, and confe* quently of ever doing of them. And indeed 'tis now time for me to provide for a future Efiate, where there will be better Rewards ffff the true and faithful Service of Your moft Humble and Obedient Servant, N ROBERT MORDEN. •'■:"v;i,,. ^ . '. ■■■■ tS.'^ ■.'■•: e-V An I- A N E N. Introdudion '*■' !.■( .i 5< I ix>9V;Vr.v/^ l:U(-\ V,* V '..J T O ""1 '■ ^' '*'';■ -JT^* ' -; •. -^^'^ '•■*^ t« ^- GEOGRAPHY I O G kAT HT is a Science whWi Tcacheth the Defcription and Dimenfion of all the Earth, as it doth together with the ffater , compote that round Body, which from its form Is called the Orh or Glohe of the i?<*r//&; DefcribingtheScicuations, and Meafuring the Diftances of all its parts. .' * The Earth is placed in refpecSfc of the other Vlanets or Stars of the Univerfe, according to Vtolomy and Tycho, in the Center , fixed and Immoveable ; but according to Copernicut , betweea the Orh of Mars and Fims moveable. For according to Celeftial Appearances, one of tbefe two Hyfothefes muftbe granted: i. That the Earth is placed in the Center, immove- able, and that all the Celeftial Bodies do move round it in their Diur- nal and Annual Revolutions, as in Fig, i. 1. Or that the Sun is the Cenrer of the Planets and Fixed Stars, whiCi) have no daily Motion ; but that this Earth, Sea, and Air abouc it, hath a twofold Motion, one Diurnal, about its own Center in 24 hours, whereby all its parts are alternately enlightned, and Day and Night fucceffively en joyed ; the other, its Annual Motion, by which it ip carried about the Sun in the fpace of a Ytar, whereby all places in courfe enjoy Sfring, Summer, Autumn, and fVmtff, ^ig* 2* B ?■-..'>*' ^:^.^:^ Thefc ■^n I • ^:«ii^ >!*'« ^^m % . An IntroiuUion to Geolrafihy. Iht^e'Hypothefes, witlj the Circles of the Sphere, and Motion of the Planets, you will find "explicated and demonftrated more at large, in my Introdu- ^ti^Ecliptick ; or moveable with the mutation of places, as the Mtritliany and Horizon. - ■ The Horizon, the Boundary or Termination of our fight, is the on- ly Great Circle Gbfervable by theeye ; for being upon a Plain in any fair Day or Night, and looking where the Heavens and Earth part, we fee an apparent Circle, which divides the vifible part of Heaven from the invilible ; extending it felf intoa ftrait Line, from the Su» perficies of the Earth every way round about that place you ftand upon ;. dividing the Heavens into two unequal parts, which is defign* ed outby they%i6r, and k fometimes greater or leffer, according to the condition of the place» But this Horizon is not the true Horizon, but parallel to it, and therefore called the fenfible or vifible Horizon, comprehending all that fpace of the earth which is vifible, and di- . ftinguifhing it from the reft.v^^hith Kqth under, and is invifible. ThQ other Horizsn, whichisdiWid th^ True cr Rational Horizon, is a Great Circle, dividing that part of (he Heavens which is above us, from that part which' is under us, exadly into two equal parts,. paffing through the Center of the Earth, always certain and the lame; fuppofe ^ Line of Dire'?/& ipto two equal parts.or Hemifpheres, in the Points , of North and S^uth ; the one Eafiern, the other Wefiern : And is fo called, becaufe when the Sun cometh to the Meridian of any place, it is Noon, or Mid'^ay : Many in number, becaufe all places from Ea^ to Pf^efi hay e (GVQral Meridian J : - ,■ viR*.v»^f(.v^% ..i. Amongft thefe, one is of fpecial Note and Ufe, which Geographers call the /r// or chief Meridian: This Jirjl Meridian is that from which the Longitudes of places are reckoned : In this Meridian the Poles of the World are fuppofed to Be fixed ; and in this Circle^ the Latitude of Places, or Height of the Poles, arc numbred. "y^i' > f'>-^'-fi^-^p,. r;. The Equator, or Line under the Eqmnoilial, is a great Circle encom- paflingthe very middle of the Earth between the two Poles, dividing it into two equal parts from North to South ; and it is divided, as all • Great Circles are, into 360 equal parts or degrees. It is called Equator, either becaufe it is equally diftant from the Foles of the IVorld, or ra- ■ ther becaufe when the 5«« comes to this Line, which is twice in the Year, 'viz in its entrance into Aries, which is aboutthe loth or nth of March ; and again in Libra about the nth or i^tb ofSeptempor^ he makes equality of Dap and N^hts throughout the fVorld ; from itare the Latitudes of places numbred upon the Mtridian, either North or . Scuth ; upon it the Longitude of places are reckoned : It meafures the Quantity of Artificial and Natural Days, Hours, &c. Therefore its Degrees are called 7'e/»;>or^, Times, and is divided in to 24 hours, ij degrees thereof toiin hour; for ly times 24, makes 560 degrees ; every degree is 4 minutes of Time, for 4 times i ), is 60 minutes, or an hour. The Ecliptick, fo called becaufe the Eclipfes of the Sun and Moon are here made, is an Oblique Circle croffing the Equator in twoop- pofite Points, called theEquinodtical Points ; and is divided into 12 parts, called the 12 Signs. It is called Via Solis, becaufe the Sun al- ways goes under it ia its annual Courfe j but the reft of tfie Planets B 2 have >, » ■r: #■ ji,«,jg lif »M,!i5f ' n|«<}«.;i»^i«; '.uj^m'wr^m^mjg^ffm^ illf l||,qiy J ,, If '.^"i-jiff^ ' _;■■' • lamm^m mi '4 '^/» IntroMm ta GeogiMphfj have their deviations either Nerz-J or South from this Line, Thii Cir- cle hath 2 Poles ; for as the Meridians meet in the Poles of the World,, ib the Circles of Lovgitudt draW,n through the 12 Signs, meet in the Poles of the Edipticky each Pole of the Ecliptick being diftant from its corfefpondent Pole of the world, 2; deg. go min* and arec called North or ,Sonthj according to their pofition next the North or Sotttk Poles 0^ the World. The Meridian that pafleth through the Ef«w(?(J?w/ Point of the; Ecliftick in the beginning oiArits ana Libra, is called the E^utmtiial Colurt'y and that which paffetli through the b^inningof Cancer and- Capricorn,\s csW^d ihQ SolfiitialCoJure. , x Thefe C»li*res divide the Ecliptick into four eqa'al parts, which are called Cardinal Points ; for according to the Sun's approach unto any of them, the Sealbn of the Year is altered into Springs Summer, Au* tumn, and fVinter, . The Z.Pj^ Circles or Lines are Named with particular Names, as Tropicks And Polar Circles. ....•.-• . * . s '-., X,^ ■ The Trbpicks are parallel Circles to the Equator, diftant from it 2^ Degrees and a half: That on the Ncrtb-f\dQ of the Equator^ is called th^Tropick of Cancer, where the Sun hath the.greateft North declination,. andmaketh ourlongeft Day and (Kortefl Night, which is about the iitb or iitb oi June: The other on the South-fide is -called the Trc pick of Capricorn, in which point the 5'«w hath itsgreateft South Declina- tion, making pur fliorteft Day, and longeft Night, which is about the^ ilthor I2th oiDecemhev*. ^/ The P(?/ intemperate, as to be uninhabitable; one of them by reaCbn of the Suns beams continually darting upon the fame; and this they called the tonid Zone, termi- nated by the Tropicks on each fide : . The other two, the one compre- hended within the Arcftick Circle, and the other compafTed by the Antartid, by reafon of the extreme Cold^ they thought uninha- bitable, as being fo lemote from the Suns Beams : But only the re- gaining two were accounted Temperate, and therefore Habitable ; ■ N the » the one lyingitetween the Ar^ick Cir^^, and tht Tropiclk oi Cancer, and the other between the Antar L. > ; w /- i5 ^Affl^foAu^loii to Gto^fOfhyi^ The Quality Q^ a place is the Natural Temper and I^ifpofition thereof. A place in regard of the Heivfw, is either Eafi, Pf^efi, Nortb, or Smth. Thofe places are properly Eafi which lye in the Eafiem Hemifpbere, ( terminated by the firft Meridian ) or whore the 5«» rifeth. Thofe are ^/? which lye Wefiern of the faid Mmdian^ or towards *• thefetting of the Sun. Thofe places are properly North which lie betwixt the Equator &n^ 4rtick'?ole. " ■ ^',.*'***^f*% '^^ Thofe South which are betwixt the Equator and the Antartick Tole, The Ancients did alfo diftinguifli the Inhabitant^ of the Earth from thediverfitiesof (hadows of Bodies into three forts f -v/Ji. Pcr<»/«'2^owi they called Heterofciij becaufe the Meridian Shadows bend towards either Pole, towards the North among thofe that dwell within the Tropick of Cancer and the Artick Circle ; towards thc'South amongft thofe that dw^ll within the Tr(h t pick of Capricorn and the Antartick Circle. - -^ • iv .yr -■-; -^ ^* ; '' The Inhabitants of the Torrid Zcj,3c they called Amphifciiy becaufe the Noon or Mid-day Shadow, according to the time of Year, doth fometimes fall toward the North, fometimes towards the South : when the Sun is in the Northern Siins, it fallefh towards the South : and to- wards the North, when in the Southern Si^s. And becaufe of the dif- ferent fight of oppofite Habitations, the Ancients have divided the Inhabitants of the Earth into Veriaci, Antaci, and Antipodes, The Pm^d are fuch as live under the fame Parallel, being equally diflant from the Equator, but in oppofite points of tiie fame Parallel. The ^»f^« are fuch as have the fame Meridian and Parallel, equally diftant from the Equator, but the one North, and the other South. The Antipodes are fuch as inhabit two places of the Earth which are diametrically oppofite one to the other. See Fig, 4. The Ancieus did alio divide the lanh into Climates and Parallels. ' A Climate is a fpace of Earth comprehended betwixt any two pla- ces, whofe longeft day differs in quantity half an hour. • A Parallel hz fpace of E<«r;/6 wherein the days increafe in length a quarter of an hour ; fo that every Climate contains two Parallels. TH-fs \A» IntroditSiioft to Qeogrsphp ' j Thefe Climates and Parallels are pot of equal quantity,for the firft is longer than thefeCond, and the fecond likewife greater than the third, &c. At the Latitude.^ where the longed days are increafed half an hout longer than at the Eefuator, viz,, longer than 12 hours. The firft Cli- mate beginsy which is at the Latitude of 8 degrees, 3*4 minutes ; and in the Latitude of 16 degrees, 43 minutes, where the days are increa- fed an hour longer than at- the Kquator. The fecond Climate btg\ns,!in^ (b outwards. But becaufe the Ancients, and alfo Vtohmj , jmppofed that part of the Earth which lies under the Equator to be inhabitable, therefore they placed the firft Climate at the Latitude o^ iz degrees, 43 minutes, where the longeft day is 12 hpurs | lon^? and the fecond Climate to begin at th^X^atitudeoi 20 degrees, 34 minutes, where the longeft day is 12 hours and 5 long^&c, ;'.Tis needlefs indeed to take any more notice of them, than thus much only j that they that de- fcribe the Scituation.of places by Climes and Parallels , had 9s good fay nothing.: ^ / The Terraqueous Globe isbuut; Imaginary pointfonaparedtD. the vaft ^panfion of the Univerfe, though of it fdf of great Magnitude } foi- Geographers divide it into 360 parts of degrees, and each degree into 60 minutes, which are fo many ir of the Earth, and extending it felf round them all, is but one conti- nued Ocean, ■' ,.. The fVater is either Ocean, Seas, Straits, Creekt, Lakes, or Rivers* ^" - ThQ Ocean i$ a general GolleAion or RendezVouz of all fVaters, The Sea is a part of the Ocean, and js either exterior, lying even to the fliorc, as the Britifh or Arabian Seas; or interior, lying within the Land, to which you muftpafs through fome Strait, as the Mediterra^ nean, or Baltick Seas. t A Strait is a narrow part or Arm of the Ocean, lying betwixt two Shores and opening a way into the Sea, as the Straits of Gibralter,\\\& Hellefpont, &C. A Cmy^is a fmall narrow part of the Sea that goeth up but a little way into th^ LUnd, otherwife called a Ba/, a Station, or Road for r Ships. • ; • " A Lake is that which continually retains and keeps fp^ater in it, ai the Lakes Nicurgua in America, and Zaire in Africa. A River is a fmall Branch of the Sea flowing into the Land, court- ing the Banks whilft they their Arms difplay, to embrace her filver », waves. - ^ ^ -4:- f% L Of the Barnes of the Ocean, :^^ /'. '^' According to the four Quarters it had four Karnes Fro -n the E«y? it was called theEaftern, or Oriental Ocean ; from the Pf^efi the We- ftern, or Occidental Ocean; from the North the Northern, or Subten- trional : and from the South thQ Southern, or Meridional Ocean : But befides thefe more general Names,k hath other particular ^^«i7/»f/o«i, according to th6 Countries it boundeth upon, and the nature of the ■r^:... :,-^ Sea: ■ t I ».•«-*' , ■»♦- u, Aji ''v ; mm Sed : As it lies extended towards the Eafi, ic is called the Cbinedn Sea, from the adjacent Country of Chma: Towards the South 'els called Ofionm Iniicm, or the Wm» Sta, becaiife'upon it lies the Indians x Where it touches theCoaft of Verfia^ it is called Hare Verficum : So alfo Mart jir^bicum, from Arabia : So toward the Wefl is the Ethiopian Sea. Then the AtUmtick Ocean, from Atlas, a Mountain, or Promontory in Africa; but more Weftward near to America, ic is called by the Spa^ nkrds, Mar delNort\ and on the other Meof America, it is called Mar del Zur, or Mare Taeifcum, Where it toucheth upon Spain, it is called Oeeanus mfpanicusy by the Er^lijh the Bay oiBifcayi The 5*4 betwixt England und Franceis called the Channel^ between England and Ireland the h'ijh Sea : Between England and Holland it is called oy feme the Ger- man^ or rather the Britifh Ocean : Beyond Scotland it is called MareCale- dmum; higher towards the Nor/A it is called the Hyper boream, orFrozm. Sfa ; more Eajtward, upon the Coaft of Tartary, the Tartarian Sea ; or Scythian Ocean, &c. The N^mes of the Inland Sea's are, i. The Baltick Sea, by the Dutch called the Oofi Zee, by the Inhabitants Die Belt, lying between D£«- markaLtid Sweden, the chief Entrance whereof is called the 50»»; to which joins Meotis Palus, now Mar de Zabacke,oathG North; and Mar Marmora on the South. The third is the Cafpian or Hjrcanian Sea, By the Perfians, Kurfom* The fourth hth& Arabian Gulf, Mare Erytbaum, Mare Rubrum, or the Red Sea, Mer Rogue Gallis, Mare Rojjo Italis, The fifth is the Perfian Gulf, or the Gulf de Elcatif, & de Baffora. The fixth is Mare Mediterraneum^ by the Ewg/i/b the Straits, by the Spaniards, Mat de Levant ; the beginning or entrance of it is called the Straits of Gibralter, rather Gibal-Tarif, Now that all Places, Cities, Towns, Seas, Rivers, l^kes, &c. may be readily found out upon the Globe or Map, all Geographers do, or fhould place them according to their Longitude and Latitude ; the ufe of which in the abfblutefenie is to make out the pofition of any Place in reped of the whole Globe, or to fiiew the Scituation and difiance o^vne place from, and in refpeft of any other. j,^ ''^"^^ Longitude is the diftance of a place from thefirft Mr/i^ recfconed in the degrees of the Etjuator, beginning by fome at the Canaries, by others at the Az^es ; by reafon 01 which Confufion, I have made the Longitudes in this Enilipt Geography to begin from Lo^xion, and are rec- koned Eaftward ana Weft wara^ according af they are fituated from C ''■' t London Lonion on the cop of the Map^ An4 hjive alfo. added the £dif»V«ir from the Tener fto^nd abo^t the Qlob^i of ti)« Earth at tHe bottom of the Map, as ufually in the j;>iaek Maps« that fi> you nay by infytAioa only, fee the Truth or £rr9r, if yp^ compare theni mih the TakUs or. Maps formerly Extant.. . , f,..' m?r .• tt^^\.-\^Mt:cfii .- • The Latitudt of a place is Its diftance from die EfMi/^r, reckoned' in the degrees of the great Meridian, and is either North or Soutb^. according as it lies between die Nartb and Sonth^fekt of the Equatti^ Jn JJvenifement concemng the fr^eSilon and Ufes of General and Particular Maps, v -' Although the Defcription of the Earth upon the Globe be moft proper to the Underftanding, and commenfurable to Nature ; ^et there are federal ways to projeAit in a Plane or Flat. Twoefpc- cially are now in ufe, one by Parallelcgram, the other by Planifpbere, Of the Defcription hy Parallelogram. This ufed to be divided into the midft by a Line drawn from Norr^ to South, reprefenting the great Meridian ; Crofs to this at right Angles another Line was drawn from Eaft to Weft for the Eejuator, The Meri- //M»i equally diftant,and the Parallels alfo equally extended,and ftraight Lines $ and this way of Projedion, tho utterly againft the Original "Nature arid Conftitutionof the Glohe, yet the plain Charts arc bound to follow ; indeed *tis ftrange to me that this Sea-Chart, being one of the moft principal Inftrumeats that the Mariners have for their direction in Sailing, and known to be fo greatly and dangeroufly erroneous, yet is fiijlmade ufe of by tho(e that would be accounted Excellent. .'^V^ ; i A- J . ^:^ of the Defcription by the Planifpherfe. This other way of ProjeAion, reprefentsthe face of the Earth upon ii Plane in its own proper figure Spherically, as upon the Glohe, the Gibbofity only allowed for, and this is twofold. Of the Sedion by the Equator. Suppofe the Temftrial Globe^ flatted upon the Plane of the Equatofy and you have this way of Projedion, dividing the Earth into two He- mifpheres, North and South, where the Pole is the Center, the Equav : tor is the Circumference, the Oblique Semicircle from Aries to Libra is the North-half of the Ecliptick, the Parallels are whole Circles,ani,that the Top and Bottom of the fquare are always North and South, the right and left fides Eafl and Weft ; fo that, you fee each Country and place in its true Scituation, as in the Globe or general Map ; And have made the Parallels and Meridians both ftraight Lines,fo that the Longitude and Latitude are given by Infpedtion, only the Meridians are indinine and concurring towards the Poles, to agree to the Nature of the whole, , whereof they are fuch parts. And here give me leave to advertife,Thac- altho in thefe fmall Maps ^he Error is not very difcernable ; yet cer- tainly fome Foreign Geographers, vfhoicMaps are now the Fondlings of this Age, did not underftand the Projeftion of the Sphere : for to me it would have been a great fhatne tohaveexpofed the pai^sof the World fQ large, upon fof^tfe a Bafis ; which muft need^ render them intolerably folfein the Diitancesof Places, had the Longitudes ^nd La^ titudes been never fo well adjufted ; which indeed are as falfe as the Diftances are. As to the Graduation of thefe MapSy the Veff^eeso^ LatituJe are divided upon the Eafl and Weft fide ; The Degrees o£ Longitst^t^on' the North and South. The South Figures upon the Maps are the Longi' tudes from the firft Meridian, beginning at the Pike of Teneriff, aAd reckoned round upon the Globe to 360 Degrees.The Northern Figure? are the Diffurenccof Longitudes from London, and are reckoned Eaft or Welti according as the Scituation of the place-is Eaft or Well from London, I^or A i-.- ■.-*,■ — J5li^»^ :^4 . 0ftheV[i9fUif$, For from whence to reckoft the lortititdi in all Maps, is a fault of moft Geogrspbers ; and I am not the dm chat have complained of it ; for though there be a Graduation^ yec you are uncertain where their firft Mtndian begins.^ It will not therefore be amifs, if I tell you the(everal^rM/M»io!>- lerved^and the DUIanceof Ungitmk between thefe Meridians^ and their diffivence from Lmdmy viz. ?tolomj*s Meridian was Jwmia Mmor, WituHtrast & HtUi^ VifiL Madtra, Ki\c Nifrro & Ortelio; rather Ar- ' ttvtnt$tr0, tt^HeBaud, Hnrbania, Sanfotu. This Junonia was from low- doH %o dcgr, .« f' The Meridian of the Anaian Geographer is fomething dubious ; fcir Hercnfis Colttmne is zTown in Fri/kty between Groeninj^en and Cover den^ called Duveifcutz, tcfte OrteJio. The Spaniards tell U!| they are in the yies Gaditans^ now CaUtps Cadiz,, where are two Towers lb called', Olumias da Htrctles, Others make the two Mountains Aiila and Cahe, on both fides of the Herculeum Fret urn, now Efirechio de Gibraltery to be the Pillars of Hereuku ThsLtoiAhila is in Mauritania, now Mens AU mins, telle Ckjta, Mont des Singes, GaUis. Scbeminekeihergb, Belgis, Calpe Mont, now Gikalter, Cltt/ro, is a Mountain and City in Spain, over* agaiafl: AhiU,^ and about i8 miles diflant ; now near to, if not the iame with CetUa or Zenfa ; Latinis, Septa ; Grecis, Septan ; Mamt,Seni Marat y tefte Marmolio: But forafmuch as it was but lo Degrees from London, and that it paiTedby the utmoft Point of the Weftern Shore, it muft rather be from Heremeum Tromontorium, ( not Hartland Point in Devonfliire) butCtf^ Cantit^yx Morocco, which is from London about lO'Degrees. . j'<^, -,^.'\:.':;. : The Dutch Meridian is the Tike of Tenerif, the Nivaria P//». tefte Sanfon, But by theBifliops of Girone and Andrea Baeio, Gomera is the >ai]cient Nivaria, However, the Pike is the moft noted place, and indeed the beft, if all were well agreed, for the firft Meridian, and according to the beft Qbr now caUed Farfaehihy 24 for tne Mogtdot Indian Cos, according to Sanfin ; bv 2f o for the Cbinean Stades ; by 400 for r the Ikms of ^apar ; as for the Turks, they have no diftinoioa of their, v WaysbyMuw:^ lorDaysby Hoius* , > . •' ' ., ,• ■r-'/'y'^ •.■• • .".-v ', . ■" . ' ... . . ;■»■ • ?. •» ' -• u: ' .fc. . ■ ■ . If I ■ It. ^ ,- \ \ » , ...... ..,.:■• -.1 ..I I . - ■ . .-^ J [ \'< '"u j. ■•v?i',;.v,-v,;;, i*«"W ■^HT ^»" ■■■■' ''^- ■■ -■' '^ V' Sf ' "■"' ' \/t - ^' N-. ;*^ .. . vV*' A.- EURO? E, one of the four ereat Parts of the World, h alfo ^ the inoft confvclerable in re(peA of the Beaifty of her King" domi and Comtnmwealfbs, the ?olitenefs of her hhabitants, the Excellent Gofernment of her Cities; as alfo in regard ■" of its Excellency in her Traffck and Commerce, the goodnefs of her^ Atr, and general Fertility. It is the leaft Part of all, yet has produced Che jreat Akxanim and Cafttrt of the Univerfe; contains within its Bounds the prindpal^art of the Ruman and Grecian Monarchies; and, which ■t^ I JP«« „t '-■■M 4- f, «■ P «^fi:^ to this day fumiflieth' tlie qr^ct partis ioff the ^cff// With Cclonks, Its Scituation is all in the' Northern Temperate Zifne, which free the Inha- bit^nts4rom the infupfiortable Heats ofjifrkk^ akd from thofe which atfo parch the more Southern Clime$ of Jjia: The Jir is generally f^eet and temperate, unleis in the remote^ Countries of the I^tb : The 50// affords all forts of Grain and Fruit, c^ which the other parts fef thcl Pf^prld are often in want : Btit her hi^^ft Glory and Prerogative is, that ike is not only Europt, but Cbrifiendom, and hath imbraced the trut Religm, But alas ! the ftrange Schifms, thefhameful Vices, the Is- mentable diitentions, the unchriftiail dividons about Ceremonies and Opinions^ are fatal £cHpfes of herbpightnefsandlpl^ndor, whoother- wife might jpftly have been ftilcd. The Temple of Religion : The Court or Policy an|d Government : The Academy of Learning : The Mlfi:refs of Arts and^Sciences : The Magazine of Trade : TheKurfe of \fi<5torious and famous People: And.theParadice of humane felicity. ' " The length of Europe is varioully fet down by Geographers. Cluver'tm faith from the Cape of St. Vincent unto the mouth of the River Obj>^ is 900 German, or 3600 Italian miles : I find that the true distance can* hot be more than fo degrees, which multiplied by 73, forfo many n)iles are found to be in a degree, makes i$$o Geometrical or Italian miles.S<»»/o«'sMapof E«rtf^« makes thedifVanceto be ; 5* degrees, which multiplied by 7?, makes 401 5*, whxh is 3 6f miles more than the great- eft diftance can be. But the Great New Atlas tells us, *tis 71 degrees of the Equator, which multiplied by 7;, makes yi8|, which is but iy^ j miles too large in the length of Europe, ♦ Af«^i««j tells us, that the diftance from Lishon to Con(tantinople is 600 German, or 2^00 Italiar miles. The true diftance I find cannot be more than jzl, which multiplied by 7;, makes 2; ^2 miles. But Sanfon%MA^ makes the Diftance to be 36, which makes 276 miles too much. Heylin tells us, that Europe is in length 2800 miles , in breadthiioo miles; but from whence he begins, br what miles he means, the Rea- der cannot tell ; fo that I think he had as good have faid nothing. The Breadth by Cluverius from C ape Matrapan of the Mo^a, to the North Cape, is reckoned tobe yjo German, or 2200 Italian miles. Ma-- ginus makes it to be almoft 600 German^ or 2400 Italian miles. The true diftance or difference of tatuude is 55 degr. of the Equator, which multiplied by 7; makes 2 y f 5: miles. Sanjons Map.makes it 38 degrees, which makes 2774 miles, which is 209 miles too much. But the great Atlas tells us, it contains about 44 degrees, which makes 3212 miles, 6)7 miles too brge. • ' /^- , > . •> Towards the North, Europe is bounded by the Northern O^e^iWjOther- D 4 wife \ ■rt' "'H't.- , . I llll|l|jpffiipiPiPWR"liMilPPIi|l|««i|IPIIP«P mmfm Pfi wife called.tlie f«n6«»Se*^ t>y ^alibt . modes thofe Parts ; 'towards if or Jtlantick.Octflti ; by tHe ii/^, othervyifethe mouth of St. jFo^ formerly the Ciwiw^rww Boffh&rtis.j3y Mate Lm^if, otherwife the S^oi iahaique^^n^fknais, formerly P^«r ~ Maotiu 8. By the RiVjer DomtyOtlana- formerty ^iTtfiwi^w. 9. By a I^ine drawn from the mo& Eafi-ern>Wip.d'\i^ of ipo«» ,to die Isorthern^eean near Qht : Some there are thaw draw' thi^ Luie more to the TVefi, frohi . the Sources of Donn to the IfhiteSea , which \s in. Mofcovj/, majtiqg Europe much lefs than it is. Others inclofe withm the Limits of £«- ropis all the Conqu^ft of the Great puke of Mufcovy^ which are in the Afiaticktartary, ' :> -7..;' -, 1, ; ■ .', ! -r] ■•■,-; jjr ^•^fin Ettrope is divided inta Continent and Iflaiias, which contain tnerel- KingdomsOT Efi-ates, viz,. Towards the North, the IJles, of Great Britain,. containing the Kingdoms cf England, Scotland, and Ireland, thr Rrin- cipality q{ ^ales, with many IJlands dz\fZn^iint upon them, r ' -^ 2 dljy Scandinavian containing the Kingdoms of 1 . Denmark^ with 'Nor- way, and Svfeden. zdly. The feveral Kingdoms, Dutchies, &c, of the Grand Czar oi Ruffia and Mafcovia. 5. The Kingdom, Eftates, &c. of, Toldnd and Lithuania, Towards the Middle, i. The Northern Eftates of Titrky in Etirope, viz. I. TartatiaEuropa, Walacbia, MoldaviayTranfilvania, and Hungaria: 2. The EmjMre of Germany , with its eight Eledorates. 5. The Eftates of the Republick of Switzerland, The Seven United Provinces, The Ten fSpai/ijh Provinces. 4. The Kingdoms oi France , with its WXwelve Governments,, and late AcquifitionSi Towards the South ; i. The Kingdoms and Principalities of Spai» : ■ 2. The Kingdom of P^T/Mg^?/. TheKing • of Sicily, Sardinia, itid' Majorca, ^Scc, The Southern Eftates of 7«M^ in . Europe, \\Z..SoUvonia, Croatia, Dalmatia, Ragufa, Bofnia, Servia, Bul- garia, The Countreyiof Greece,, containing the Kingdoms and parts of > Bomania, or thraQiap^ Maetdonta^TheJlfiUa^^Albania^.Epirus isAGracia, or I ■■ id' ■1 -'f k y^ or Of Emfili 19 ^lieia^ IMPihfimefif, or iht Mfiri4i wSth (Be< Ifld Cif> Ne^0^M^&C* ^ The Ijiifiis of Ewro^ff are Tested, either- in'thd 0(;^ ){riri/& i/Ies afbrefaid ; Sicil/i Sardinia, Cmpca\ and bandy y are the biggeft IJlands in the Mediterranedit, The Iflands of< xh^Bahiek Ssa we ihail ipeak of in the Defcription of Denmark,' -' -■^^'^ k^ vj We may iionfider theEftat^s ot Europe acderieiri^gio their Titles, witib. tiutrcgird tdtheirDignicyyihid fayihat th^fciis^ al The E(Vate of the Cburcb 6r Pope in Jtafy, 2. TWO^ Empires, GeMfif^ ih6 fUrfy, The firftjhalf Monarchy jhalfCoibtribWWSalth: Thelatter only Monarchicah }. Seven Kingdoms, every one Goyern*d by their own Kings, that ac- knowledge no Superior, vip. England, France, Spata, Tartugal, Swede" land, Denmark, and Poland. That of Fr<»«ce is rtioft perfeS, ahd4e* fcends only to the Heirs ftiale ever fince the Salique-LaWi The fi^e other admit the Female. All are Hereditary, only Po/<«»^, .which is Eledive. There aremoreover in Europe ether lefler Kingdoms comprehended un- der thefe, as thofe of Bohemia and Hungary, iinder the Emperor of Ger- T^ny, That of Navarr under the King of Frdnce, That of Naples in Italy, *Sicily, Sardinia, and Majorca, under the CroWn of Spain. And thofe of Scotland and Ireland under the King of England. 4. Eight Electorates, MayencCf Treves, Cologn, Bohemia, Bavaria, Saxony, Brandenburgh, and the Palatinate of the Rhine. 5. One Arch-Duke, the Duke of Juftria^ 6. Two Great Dukes, of Mofcovy and Tujcany, The Prince of the firft aiTumes the Title of Emperor, and indeed it is a Dukedom on which depends thirty other Ejutchies, and three Kingdoms. This Duke isab- folute over his Subjects , and is called by the general Name of Cz.ar. 7. Six Sovereign Dukedoms, befides rfiofe that are under the Empire, Savoy, Lorrain, Mantua, Modena, Parma, itid Cttrland. 8. Four Principalities that depend upon the Turks, Tranfihania, Walachia, Mol- davia, and the lefler Tartary. 9. Seven Commonwealths, the Seven United Provinces, Switzerland, Venice, Genoa, Genevd, Luca, and Ragufa, To which feme add the Commonwealth of Marine in Italy. Laftly, A great number ofPrincipalitiesandlmperialFreeTownSjCnjoyingaSove- raignty in their Territories, but yet they ackno wledg a Superior Power. . The Ecclefiaftical Government of Europe in general , i s either Papal, owning the Pooe as Supreme ; or Epifcopal, owning the King as Su- preme in all caics, and Archbifhops and Bifliops under him. Or Su- perintendent, which is a kind of Epifcopal among the Lutbeians^ but yet owning no Head of the Church on Earth, neither Pope nor King, nor Civil Magiftrate. There is alfo the Presbyterian, or Sy nodical, own- ing a Presbytery, a Synod, or Lay-Elders, &c. as Supreme, but no Bifhops or Superintendents. D z Tiiefc ■■>•' •^mmmffmmm /"lllfWW Ml. II l^miHMM ; p H !ii »J|M | i. i!> I < i •gnunnw 0/ EuHfe. 10 There are roorPraia*p*! tmgn»gn reckotiMto be fpttkenfftthis paul ot theWorW} Tut//]& in JreAaw^ and 5«f/W. TheJSrM M fpoken in mie^, Cornwal, and in BJrtf<»»y in France. Bifcayn is fpoken only m 5fw»j' nifeai^to the Cantabrim Ocean, or Bay of ^f^/. , spam rfonicii upted e rjini Note> 3 Ma- ;c. tho pokea i"'. V \:"-- fS f^ %l NDER^^his Title are^ comprehended feveral diftin(5l and famous Iflands, the whole Dominion whereof C now Uni- ted) is under the Command of the King of Great Bri- tamy &c. Bounded dn the North and Weft with the Hj'^ fevhorean and Vucalidmean Ocean; on the South divided from France with the Englifi Channel; oathe Eaft feparated from Denmark and Belgia with the Britifl) (by fome called the German ) Ocean : But on all fides environed with Turbuleht Seasy guarded with Dangerous Rocks andSandsy defended with ftrong Portsy and walled with a Potent and ^ Royal Navy^.. Of thefe Iflands one is very large, formerly called Al- b'tMf now Great Britain^ comprehending two Kingdoms, England and Scotland! The Other of leiTer extent makes oneKingdom,callea Ireland : The other fmaller adjacent Ifles are comprehended under one or other , of thefe. three Kingdoms, according to the Situation and CongruitV with them. Many are the Changes and Alterations that thefe Iflands have received in their Gavernmetits (ince their Original difcovery * they were firft pofleffed by divers People, independent one upon the other, fuppofed to be the Britaim defcendcd from the GauU ; for at th9 Entrance of the Romans, the Ifland oi Great Britain wSiS divided in- to feveral Nations , each governed by his own^i»^ and particular Princes, different in their Ends and Counfels, and io the more eafily fubdued by the Roman Force. After' the Romans, the Englijh Saxons were called in by the Briiains, ■ to aid them againft the ViBs, The Inhabitants of Scotland •{ who, after the common manner of Foreign ^«>;/7wmi, foon feized the bet- tef part for themfelves, and cftablilhed Seven K/»f//ow/, -commonly called the Saxon Heptarchy ) Forcing the Britains, the^Ancient Proprie- tors, to retire, (bme into Britain in France ( from whence^fome think they firft came) but moftx)f them into the Weftem and Mountainous Part, called by t\iQSaxonst fVaUjh Land, now Wales 5 where their.Po- ficrity ftill remains, r «^ Tbt mm ^I^^PP^^^BW rsm '\ "^> if*?'- ^^. \ 22 Ofthelpcf Britdift. riie Scan vf England in tht ttnu cf ftoloiny, iMm tn the R*tg» •/ »*• ^iffmr Antoninui Viusttimt thtytsr of Ini J The I«eaJ, or Sunc- ni of The Trinobantds, or Trinoantes. Surry iuflex Norfolk Suffolk ^ambridgertiire, ind Huntin g tonfliire vtiddleiex Eflex Hartfordfliire Part ii^'n^- :-rfi' I he Brigantes ^,.-i> The Otalini Otadenii. '^orkfliire Cumberland Lancalhlre Frham •;■'; eftmerland ii, . (^jNonhjupbcrland \ Ourovemum RucupiBt or, N'asomagut, or Suviemagus Vindonis Vcnta Iccnorum Villa Fauftini .■\ Cyt'/eUani, or, CfltyeucUanii Corltani, or^ ICoritavi . 1*1 ' iBedfbrdlhire Iguckinghamfliire Fart of Harcfbrdihire Lincoloflure Leicefbrihire Rutlandibiie Noithnnptonflure Nottinghaiafliue y 'vDarbyfhire J Glocefterfliire I Oxfordflure C ShropSiire ^ StaSordOtire J Woroefterfliire _ . ^ , « Warwickftire fartoftheSiiurcs Herefcrdlhire Londinium Camudolanum Camulodunum Camalodunum [furium ;,^ Kbaracuin -' Olicana. Camulodunum jCpiacum ' Rnigodunum Vinovium Caturadonium Calacum Curia Bremen mm , Salente .or.") >,or. > Tht ^tjtnt Ai«i0>. Catittrbury i^ichborough, vulgo Rochefter !>»xi>n Htft*rchj. ., Kina^pmofKent Wojucot-Hill, near WimbUion ^VJIchelfcy ■^aftt;. Ii. Edm^pilfbury London Maldon in £ffex KingUoin 01 cue So^th Saxons tlobulU, OTt Oodutwi Comavli '^l ')uaunonli . Belga' lAtrvbati r Cornwall •y Devonftire C Somerfetflilre r Wilrfliire < Hamp/hire C Dor/etfliire Barkfbire } La^odurum Vei-olamium Lindum Raga, or Ratis Bennaventa Cbrinfuffl ' ' • Deva, or Devan* Viroconium Brannogenium MandudTedum Ariconium Uxela. or Uiela Voliba Ifca Augufta AqOae Calid« VentaBelgarum Dunium , or Dumo. varia Nalc«a, orCaleva Aldburrow York Inkley Aldmondsbury Papcaftle Riblechefter < Bincbefter Catatick in Aichm. Wheallcp Cafile Corbridg Rochefter Sanday - - Sconyftratfbrd Verulum Lincoln Lelceftcr V/edoft Kingdom of the . i£aft Angles Kingdom of the Eaft Saxons The Kingdom of the Northumberi which was divided into two Kingdoms, visc< Deira am Ber,Qiai . Circftclieftef Weftchcftir iWroxcefter L The Kingdom 0I >Vorccfter i t Manchefter 'Kenchefter Lyitwickiel ' Falmouth Exceter V Bath Wi»;chefter DorcheilCT [Wallingford The Kingdom of tht Weft Saxons. .n Aftei ii,4bmt tbt yiar * iitgtmrchj, .. ngdomofRent ingUoin ot tnc iojih Saxons ingdom of the Haft Angles ingdom of the Eaft Saxons c Kingdom of th« orthunaben which as divided into ro Kingdoms, vit> eiraandBer^uM . ■ ■>■■ 'VM The Kingdom d le Kingdom of th( Weft Saxous. Aftei f \y\ •t.A'.y ■ Of BngUnJU ' :,:S^?-. •. a| ; ^"Mcr this theDiww tjrokeji), like a violent flooiupon the Northift/i^t ^^Jers^i and though ortenvanquilVed, yet being as often viaorious, they at laft feized on the Mmariby 0t E^landi which was fometimes held l^ the Danej, fometimes by the;^4x«« ; till Wi/fwwDuke of Norman J/ took it from HaroU, and eltablilhedthe Monarchy ; which hath ever fince continued in a Sufcceffion bf Eight and twenty Princes, down to our Preferit Gracious Sovereign King William. • . ^r E N G L A N D. wimm ..^i Uf dttfctntainiMZ ths v$tattns or Shins ^ t/tmr-iitut, Vitus /mdnwnt, their Latitp4e,nmiuttJ7t^ 1 fiance, and Meafw^ed diflmu from London. The immbtr tf M»rk$t-Tmns, •/ f^'ift^Hentrmml Ti.\ f PMrifhes in eAchComty, 0nd their Mticitnt Name/. » i ^ Oitntitt ir Shift, Titltt Cmu ««4T»w'«H I •LMt' C»m^'\ Ai*. ^./M P'r.r OldN4m:i, \ tit 1 tmdt, II I 2£ 40 Difi. 94 2^ 9 4 Com,' Ti6 . Bedfordlhir« E. ■ Bedford • 1 Beihbrdia E. Barhihire Reading | *« 23. )> eva D. Corawal . Launcenon Truro so 4s> 50 27 «75 aix aiA 5erbia ( rum E. F. Expect. B. C. so 4j (40 '7a [fca Damnoni> E. Plymouth S* 25 184 aii 4» 26 324 Plmuta E. Dorfetrhlre M. t)orchIchefter Ji J8 44 so 26 8 4«5 Colonk Chelms&rJ Ji 47 25 28 Canonium » Gloceterfliirc; ' ' D. Gloceft r, E. vT. fl S4 8) 105 38 8 280 C'crum Hartford(hire Harcford g Sr. Albani Jl 4J» 20 81 21 16 6 t2o Hertfordia Verulamium Hampfitire j^^ Wincheftcr, C P. SI 3 54 67 30 26 248 Venta Belgarum I.* Southampton Hereford. B. C. JP?A 6a 7« Ciaufentum Hcrefordfliire v.c. SI 8 I02 no 8 8 176 Hfrefordia B. Huntingconfliire . E. Huntinjgton Canterbury. C. 52 10 48 57 € 4 7' Huniingdonia r. Kent A. B, ' yi IJ> 46 57 38 ao 393 Ouro7crnum E Rochefter, B. SI *^ o^ JO Rofia 4 La(Jca/hii«C.P. E. Lancafter Manchefter S^'7. yj»J 187 137 2ii 180 28 U 61 Longovictu ' Mancuniun ■ Lelcefter(hire E. Leicefter ya 40 7« 98 12 .4 200 Rjugas '> • Lin-olnlhire • E. Lincoln f'V 102 128 )1 l> 631 Lindtun E. Middlcfex London, B.C. 51 3« 5 8 73 Loodinum Weftminfter 51 70 I I Veftmonallerium D. Monmoiith , Moomouth 5'^' |00 187 7 ) 156 M'^numetia 0. Norfolk ' Norwich, B, C. J a 4*. 93 108 34 la 625 Noivicum E. Yarmouth j2 44 103 132 Gariannorum ' E. Northampton E. E. Peterb3rough.BC. Northampton J a J 5 52 »o 6z \54' 76. 66 IJ 9 ja6 Petroburgiim Antona Borealii .' D. Northumberland O.M.E. Newcaftle 5J ' axa 27«t II 8 168 158 Gabrofentum " E. Nottingham Oxfurdibire E. E. Nottingham Oxford, B. C. J2 " SI 4^ 9i 47 112 5* la 8 10 Nottinghamia OxoniuRi F. Rutlani Okeham sa 4a 74 94 . s 12 47 Uxocona Shroplhire E. Shrewsbury Ludlow J2 4< $a 27 124 105 i$7 136 16 12 170 .Sabpia LudW D. SomerfctAire F. Briftol, C, P. ji 28 94 115 96 ti8 Briftollum , E. Bath, B. C, 51 ^' 87 34 18 38s Aquae Calidit E., Stafford (hire E, Litchfield, b; C. 52 45 94 19 9 130 Lichfijldia Stafford I? 53 104 Hi ScafFordia E. Suffolk V.C. Ipfwicli Bury Gui'fbrd Kingfton 10' 52 " 60 ! 25 10 JO 12 II 14 140 Neoraagiu Regiopolis Ciceftria Prasfidium Convcntri* r P. Suflex Warwlckflurc E. E. E. Chiccfter, B. C« Warwick Coventry, P. '^. 50 48 J2 " 52 :^8 50 67 74 63 90 9.a 17 »5 36 6 312 is8 E. Weftmorland Wilcihire E. Kendal Salisbury, P.C, Wilton 54 =^J II 3 51 4 203 70 73 258 83 86 8 21 3 34 36 804 Concangium Sorbiodunum M.E. Worcefter 52 18 8j iia II 9 {{2 B^nnogenium Worccfterlhtre .' n; York, A. B. C. S5 j8 ISO 192 $8 30 S63 E'jora um V'lrkOiIr' J D. Kir-h-nond <* a« |8< V40 •' rRiivmnHa » ., '^- » % 1 _ ^ A - ■'' r.^:-. i> ~' ^•F Of 'Engird. 2$ TH E better part of thebeft Ifland in the whole Earth ( anciently, together with Scot land ^ as was faid before, called Great Britain, and fometimcs^/^ww) was by Egbert the i^th King of the fi^efi S.ixons advanced to the Honour of <»»wfi)'tf Monarchy, who having with profpe- rous Armsfubdued the principal Kingdoms of the Saxon NeptarcbyyiVi' led himfelf the firft Monarch ; and Commanded this South Pait of Bri- tain (hould be called ^ngle, or EngU-lond, from the Argki a People of the lower Saxons, of whom he was defcended ; by the French, Angle- terre ; by the Germans, Englandt \ and by the Inhabitants, England. It is in length (from Berwick in the North, to the Ijle of IVtght in the South) % $0 Miles ; and from Dover in the Eaft, to the Lands-End in Cornwall in the ^efi, about ; i $* of the fame Miles ; whereof 70 make a Degree : In Compafs about'i ;oo Miles ; in Shape, Triangular ;, and by ^ omputation contains about 30 Millions of Acres, being about the Thoufandth part of the Globe; and the Three hundred thirty third Part of the habitable Eartff, England was, in the time of the Romans, divided into BritaniaPrima, Britanta Secunda, and Maxima Cafarienfis ; the firft of thefe contained the South part of England, the fecond all the ffefiernpsLVt, now called IFales ; and the third, the Nor^/&er» parts beyond Trent, After the fir*- tains hsidreceiycdthQChrifiian Faith, they divided the iame into three Provinces, or Archbijhopricks, viz. of London, which contained that of Britanta Prima ; oiTork, which contained that of Maxima Cafarienfis i of Caerlion, under which was Britania Secunda : Divided afterwards by the Saxons into Seven Kingdoms, as aforefaid. At prefent, England, according to its RefpeA of Church and State, is fubje(^ to a fourfold divifion : Firft into two Provinces, or Archbifhep- ricks, Canterbury and Tork ; and under thefe are 22 Bijhops, or Epifcopal Diocejfes, of which Canterbury hath 2 1, therefore called the Primate and Metropolitan of all England; and that oiTork, three: Then there are Deanries 60, Arch'Veanries, Prebendaries, and Other Dignities, 5*44, with 972 y P feat of Traffick) in the world : To defcribe all things in this City worthy to be known^ would take up a whole Volume. I (hall only fay, fdated (he is in an Excellent Air, in a Fertile Soil, and on the fa* mous Navigable Kivcr Thamest about 60 miles from the Sea^in y i deg. 30 min. North Latitude. In Length from £ Of ML. Of EngUnL i> ■ t-':*^ of Of Of the Univerfities , Oxford: Oxonium Lat, Caffeva Ant> OxenfordSax. RhidichinQV Rhydychin Brit. And C abridge ^ Camhoricum Ant* Cuntabrigia Beda, Granchejier Sax* IN the beautiful Body of the Kingdom of England, the two Eye} are the two Univetfities ; thofe Renowned Nurleries of Learning and Religion, which for number of Magnificent and Richly- Endowed Col- leges , for liberal Stipends to all forts of Publick Prof«;flors, for number of well-furniflied Ltbraries, for Number and Quality of Stuflents, exadt Difcipline and Order, are not to be parallel'd in the whole World. So famous beyond the Seas, and fo much furpaffing all other in Fo- reign Parts, that they deferve c far worthier Pen than mine to Blazon their Excellency. I mall therefore only fay, that nothing was ever de- viled more Angularly advantagious to God's Church and mart's HappineJSi than thefe Univerfities : from whence men of Excellent Parts, after fea- fonable time in Study, are called forth toferve both in Church and State. Torkj Eboracum Ant, Eburacum TtoL Caerfrock vet Caer-Efroc Brit, is a City of great Antiquity, efteemed thefecond of England ; Famous for its Cathedral, for the Birth-place of Confian'ine the Great, and the Bu- rial-place of Severus the Emperor ; it is the Title of the King's fecond Son, and an Archbiflioprick. Canterbury, Durovernunt, Darvenum Ant, &• Ttol. Durovernia Beda, is remarkable for being the Seat of an ArchbiHiop, who is Primate of all England, Brtftol, Brifiolium, Famous for its Trade and Commerce, and for its Scituation in two Counties. Norwich, Norvicum, for its Induftry in Woollen Manufa<5lures. Salisbury, Sarum, for its rare Cathedral, wherein there are as many Doors as Months, as many Windows as Days, and as many Pillars asHoursin the Year. Windjor, Windefora, pleafantly fented on the fide of the Thames, and is famous for its Itately Caftle, and Roy^l Palace of His Majefty. Glocefter is the Title of the Third Son oi Great Britain, feated upon the Severn,nQdiX the IQe Aldney,vi\izvQ was fought the Combat between . Edmund Ironfide, King of the Englifh Saxons, and Canutus the Dane, I had purpofed to havegiVena more particular defcription of all the reft of the principal Cities m England, butmuft defer it for a Treatife o^ England, wherein each County is drawn for a Pocket- Volume after a more new and compendious way than eV5r ycc extant j I fliall therefore here fay no more of £^^/W. ' Of J« '♦*.•: \ «, Of Wales. An ■H Jstt 'Jforl' V *AR5 CfWaks. I? WALES is a Principality adjoining to, and annex'd in Govern- ment with EvTtandi Inhabited by the Pofterity of the Ancient Britainsy who being driven out of the reft of theLand by theintruding Saxons i whom they fent for over to aflUt them againft the Incurfions of the Scots and Puhy ihelteredtliemfelves inthofe Mountainous parts, and to this day retain their Primitive Language, which hath the leaft mixture of Exotick words cC any now ufed in Euyope^bnt by reafon of its many Confonants is lefsplealing totheEai : The People are Faith- ful, and very loving to one another in a ftrange Country, and to ftran- eers in their own. Their Gentry brave andHofpital, but generally Tub- jed to Choler,fudd5niy moved to Anger, and as quickly pacified; and value themfelves very much upon their Pedigrees and Families. The Eldeft Son and tleir Apparent of our K.ings of England is always qua- lified, during the Life of his Father, with the Title of Prince of tVaUs. *Tis bounded on all fides by the Sea, except towards England^ from ■ , ■ iich it v^as once feparated by a great Ditch called Ojf'a% Dike , in m^.ny places yet to hi feen, which Dike began from the Influx of the Pviver l^Vye, in the Sevan, and reached unto Chefier, about 8 f Miles. Mofi Writers tell us 'tis now divided by the River Dee, and a Line drawn to the River M^ye. But Monmouth being taken from it, and ad- ded to England, its prefent Limits are the River Dee, and aUne drawn to the fmall River Rumpney near Cardiff,- The Country is generally Mountainous, yet not without its fertile Vallies, which bear good Corn, and breedeth abundance of Cattel; which produce ftore of Butter and Cheefe. Other Commodities are^ fVel(Jj Fieezes, Cottons, Bays, Herrings White and Red, Hides, Calves-'kins, Honey, Wax. I,:hath Mines of Lead, Lead-Ore, Coals^ It is »' t;l) Gored with Quarries of Free-ftones, and Milftones. I' >u v:. contained three Kingdoms, viz. Gwineth^ Venedotia, or Nbn ;'•>>'.' Debtuharthi Demetiay or South-! Vales, And Foii^ijlandf or Matbr. jal 'Tis now, according to an kA of Parliament in the Reign of King Henry the Eighth, fevered into two parts, wsi. North- ll^ales and South- fVales; each of thefe contain fix Counties, 1.,%. in t'.ie North, Anglef-^y, Mona Tac, Caernarvon ^ Denbigh , Flinty Merioneiby And Montgomery. In the South, Brecknock^ Cardigan, Carm^.tben, Glamorgan, Pembroke, and Radnor. Whofe chief Towns are, Beaumorifl). Bellomor man ■ih ifci ViU^ pen the Menat River, founded by King Edward the Fim ■m<:)i Aucrjraw was the Royal Seat of the Kings oi Gwimtb, oi^Nortb- Waks, And Ho •*Wy ■*!:-^ ..>)? J4 '^ ^ OfWdtes^ Hofy'heaiy or Catfguhl of the Weljhf a noted Promontory at^ pa^ (age into Ireland. In this Ifland was the ancient Seat of th^Drufas, brought under the Hetnan Scepter by Julius ^grknla. Caernarvon^ Arvonia of old, thebeft Town of that Shire, ftrong by Nature and Art, founded by King Edward the Firft. In the Caflle whereof, Edward the Second, the Firft Prince of IVahi was born. . Banger y or Banchor, Bangoria Lat. Dignified with a BiHiop's See. uiherconwajfyTAiiJsd out onhe ruins oftheBanoniuM ofAnt.Cancvijofiium. Denhijhf Denhigbia Lat. feated on the River Cluyd , once fortified with a ftrong Caftle and Wall. By the Britainsy Elad Frynin. Ruthwy feated in the Strat. Cluyd. Pfrexhanij plenty in Lead. Llanfasnan, a fmall Village, is famous for its Cave in the fide of a Rock, known by the Name of Arthurs Round Table. St. Afaph, Llan-Elwy PTelJh. Fa: i » ^K. Afaphi, an ancient Epifcopal See, founded by Kentigem a Scoto^ op of Glafcow, in Anno 5'6o. Flinty which giveth Name to the v^ounty. Not far from Cajeruis is the famous Well of St. Winnifridy in EngUJhy Holy-welly a place of great note, and much reforted unto for the Cure of fevcral Difeafes. In this County of Flint are yet feen fome Ruins of the Bonium of Ant. lying upon both fides of the Dety turned afterwards into a NCona- ftery, and named Bayicornabury by Bedey and Banchor by Maltneshury j the firft of the Britains, containing 2100 perfons. Harlech had a ftrong Caftle mounted upon a fteepRock, but redu- ced to ruins ; 'tis the place of hS\7JSS for Merionethjhircy and the chief Market of the Mountaineers. Bala, feated near Llin-tegidy or Timhlemeery through which the De« IS faid to run, and not to mingle with its Waters. Montgomery y the Shire-Town, is fb called from Roger of Montgomerf, Earl of Shrewsbury in the Reign of the Conqueror. Lanvetbliny or Llanvillingy is thought to be the Mediolanium of VtO' lomy and Ant, Trelliny or fVeljh-fooly feated on the Sevemy and in a rich Vale, is the ^reateft and beft-buik Town in the County ; and its Caftle, called PtfM^/j-Caftle, is a large and ftately Building. Macblenetby the Maglona of the Notitia. Mathravaly the Seat foraetimes of the Princes of Vowis, Brecknock, Bricbinia Lat. feated at the meeting of the Rivers Hodney- and Vsky over which it hath a Stone-Bridge. It contains three Parilh- Churches, and was once ftrengthened with a ftrong Caftle. Built Buelthy the BuQum of Ant. plealandy (eated among the Woods on the Banks of the Wie, <. IPP "5J«K a pleafant Val^gr. . ... . ...i... At Vrefim^i iQated on the Lug, are the A(5?cs H,ept. Knighton IS a well-built Borough-Town.The Weft-par t of this Coun- ty of Radnor IS very Rocky and Mountainous , the ftrong refuge of Vortigern King of the Britains, when purfued by the Saxons, and the ifear and hate of his own SubjeAs. ^ ^ " 'i; a..-^' • Smivden-HiU was the fafe retreat of bw^ew Glendor. CarJigany Aber tyvi Welfl). Cevetica Lat. feated on a Rock on the Bank of Tywj River near the Influx into the Sea, is the Shire-Town, and governed by a Mayor. Llan-beder hath a Market on Tuefdays. Aher-y-fiwith feated at the mouth of the Rivers 3y/M;»>-6 and R/Wo/, defcending from the foot of the fhilimon Mountain, as doth alfo th^Teme and IVye River. Llanbadernvaur is a well-built Town , graced with a fair Church, formerly an Epifcopal See, now the Pa.'^vChurch of Aber-y-fiwith. Caermarden, the Maridunufn of PPolomy, u^^on the River Tovy^ over which it hath a fair Stone-Bndg, and it is a Town-Corporate govern- ed by a Mayor, two Sheriffs, and fixteen Burgeflfes, all clad in Scarlet, and is alfo famous for the Birth-place of Merlin the Britijh Prophet, Higher, upon the top of a Hill under which runneth the Tovi, ftood Dinevour Caftle, the feat of the Princ€ of Soutb-fVaks, Newcafile on the edge of Cardiganfliire on the River Tyvi, thought to -be theCoventinum of Plolowy, but Lyn Savatan near Brecknock, is the Lo- 'ventinam. Or Litentium Camb. • In Glamorga?}fliire, the chief Towns are Landajf, Farum ad TattaWj ' feated on the River Tavy or Taff, having a large Cathedral, a Bifhops See, otherwife fcarce comparable to an indifferent Town, occalloned by its vicinity to Cardiff, the faireftTown in all South-Walei^Contamln^ twoParilhes, andoneChurch. A ftrong ftately Caftle. 'Tis governed by a Conftable and twelve Aldermen,d^c.Tis the place of the Affixes, and the beft Market in the Countrey. Neath, the Nidun of Ptolomj, is much frequented for Coals. |' Swanfey, OT /4^erf<»M^,is'an ancient Port- iRfx/e Town, of a good Trade, by reafon of its Coal-pits, and induftry of its inhabitants. Boverton, not far from Co-tvbridge, is the Bovium of Ant, Loghar upon the River fo called, is the Leucarum of Ant, Pt ;jbroke,the chief Shire-Town, feated on Milford Haven,fo large and capacious, that it may fafely contain a looo failof Ships, over which it hath two fair Bridges, a place of gocd ftrength, fortified with a W4II and a ftrong Caftle feated on a Rock. F 2 St. David* •»w y^' i ■■i msma ■•ti'i *,-|V. J« Of Stotitiid. - ' / St^VavUs, Mentvta^& Fatuim Davidit, once a City of good account, DOW only notable in that it is a Bifliop^'s See, and a fair Cathedral. ' Jiaverfordwefi is the Town where the Affizes are kept. Tetthy is feated upon a Rock, having a commodious Road ibr Ships. FijhguJii'd is the Ahergwaine of the IVdjli, ■ ^ , ^. w^ /./ r \'S V" •tca-'fr tOi/cHil'iny con ^ of SeofUU ? tJ li I'j 'k if* i t.f6>'. .'^sd: ■Jt SCOTLANDis feparated from England by the Rivers Tmed and Solwajty and the Cheviot Hills : The Ancient Inhabitants were the Britains, divided by Ttohmy into many leffer Nfames ; by Dim and Xi- fhylinus into two only general, i;/j&.the Calidoniisind Meatai Afterwards called the ViBs towards the wain of the Roman Empire, from their Paintings; and for their better '^diftinftion from the civil and clo- thed flr/f^i»J,diftingui(hedby Ant,Marctllinti6\nio the TiBsDucaliJoriia, and the Ve^urioms : TheScorj^a Colony of the bordering /rz/fc intruding amongft, and conquering the PiBsy or Britains, all other Names worn out, the whole are now accounted S^of/.. The length of Scotla>idl find fet down by He)lin, to be 480 Miles, • but the breadth in no place more than 60 Miles; the truth of which will appear, if you confider the Latitude oi Solway-Frith, near CarliJlCf themoft Southern part of Scotland ; and Strait shy-head, the moft Nor- v thern ; you will find the greateft lengtli can be b\it 26c>Efigltjh Miles: ,^ and the breadth in the broadeft place more than 160 Miles,as you will v^ cafily fee by the Map. ,• ! Scotland, according to its Situation, may be divided by the Rives. • Tay into two parts, viz,. North and South, commonly diftingulhed by , ♦[ the Names of Htghland, and Lowland, The firft was the Ancient ' Kingdom of the Scots', The other the Old Habitation of the PiBs^ The People of the former are by Nature and Difpofition rude and un^ civil : The Inhabitants of the latter, in Di^ofitioQ, Civility, Lan- guage, and Habit, are much refembling the EngUflt, and are thought to be Defcended of the S<»xow. . yr :' On the. Weft part of ScotlarJ are many Woods, Mobntains, and Lakes : Towards the Eaft it is more Fruitful in Corn, efpecially Bar- . ley and Oats : Their Fruits are not very Excellent, nor plentiful : but they have abundance of Fifti and Fow4 ; not much Cat eel, nor big< Their chief Commodities are, Coarfe Clothes,- Freezes, Ft[h, Lead, Oar, Feathers, Mlows, Iron, Salt-Petre, Linnen-cloth,^ Tra'inOyl, fome Hides y and Tallow, The Kingdom of Scotland confifts of the Nobility, Gentry, andCow- Mom: Thefe with the Lords Spiyrual A^tmblQ together. in Parliament, when called by Wric from the iving of Great Brst/rin ; who, by reafon of his Refidence in K«^W\ 1« ,A S ^ a % Of ^ddtljtftd, ' Ofeven of ftie Clergy, and as many oiF the Laity) whereunto is now ad- ded the Chancellor^ >yho is. chief; and four Lords of the Nobility ; b€- fees ^9 mm^-Adyocates'in^ Clerks as the Senators fee convenient. Thelc fit Arid admiftifterjultice^ev^ry day, from nine to twslve, except Sm- ffap and Monday Sf from the^rft day of Noivember KO Chri/lrftas-EvQ: and frdnifthe firft'dayof j^i»»»^7 to thelaft o( Fehuary : and from Trinity- Stinday^to xhp fiti\ i^y of Augu/l i}^\it now by A.d of Parliament the Summelr-Sefliohs are tai?en awiiy; and inftead thereof they are to be . kept in March. ' , -.C ^ ' '. This Court is of great ftate and order ; the Clerks write all the Ma- terial Heads that are pleaded at the Bar. And after the parties are rernoved, the, Senators confider the Arguments, and give Sentence, and the major part carries it. Their final Sentence or Decrees deter- mines all bufinefs, there being no appeal, only to the Parliament,who may receive and repeal their decifiye Sentence. The nextfapream Court is theJuftice-Court, where all Criminals '^■' tjre tried : it confifts of a Lord Juftice- General, and of a Lord Juftice Clark, who is his Affiftant. This Order was changed, yinno 1669. and by Aftt^f; I^arliament four Judges were appointed to fit in this Court with the Lord Juftice General, &c. The Jury is made up of fifteen , th5 major part determines the matter. Befides this Court, there are in every Shire or County Inferior Civil JudicatoriesyOv Courts kept, wherein the Sheriff of the Shire, or his Deputy ,decideth Contro- vcrfies and Law-Suits : but from thefe there are Appeals to theSeflfpiiS, dr Higher Ccpirt of Equity. There are Ijkewife Jt^dicatories^ ^^ledCpW- miifarials, for Ea/fy?dt/?/c^/ Affair?. /. ' »' ^ • ;,..'- ■' ,! Thz '^\)\zQS of Scotland 3iVQ J viz,. Edinburgh Barwick, Peehlts, Selk^r^, Roxburgh, Dumfreisj IVigbton^ Air, Renfrew, Latirick, or Lanock, Dumbritton, or Dunbarton, Boot, Inner, Ara, Terth, Strivelin^, or Ster" ling, Linlithgow, Clackmanan, Kmros, Coupsr, & Fife, Forfir, Kinkardin, df Marijchals, Aberdeen, Baritf& Errols, Elgin, Nairn , Unervefs.& R-oJs, Cromarty^ Tayn, Dornocky Weik, Orkney. Tl^ Conflabulary of Had^- dingtm,Th& Stewartyies of Strath-yern, Menteitb, Amamuile, Kurkabright. The Baileries of Kyle, Carrick and Cunningham. Scotland is alfo i'' vided into feveral Counties or Parts j Lothicn, Mercb, ' I'eifdal, or Tiviotdale, Eskdale^ Easkdale, Liddefdale, Amandale, Nitij- dale, Galloway, Carrick, Kyle, Ctmningbam, Clidejdale, Leannox, Strive* ling or Sterling, Mentieth, Fife, Strathern, Argile^ Lorn, Cantire, Arrant, Albany or Bratd,Albin, Perth, /it hoi, Anguis, Mernis, Buquiham, or Buchan, Marr, Marray, Lohabyr, Rvffe^ Souther land, Strathnavim C^ Catbnes. The Government whereof is divided into two Arch-bijhopricks, Saint Andrews vrK Of StofUfid. J9 Andrews and Glafco ^ under whom are feveral Sul!ragan Bifhops. Its chief places are, Edinburgh^ the Metropolitan City of this King- dom, (Ituace in a high and wholfome Air, and a fertile Soil^ confin- ing chiefly of one St|^et about a Mile lit length, out of which runs many fmaller Lanes and Streets. 'Tisftrongly begirt with a Wall, and fortified by a fair and ftrong Caftle, feated on the top of a Rock : a place adorned with many fiir Edifices, dignified with the Courts of Judicature, High Court of Parliament, and a Univerficy. * St. Andrcitfij of old Fanum Reguli , hath a fair ProfpeA towards the Sea, near the fall of the Ethan : Fortified with a fair and ftrong Caftle ; Dignified with an Archbifliop's See. GlafcOf pleafantly feated on the River Cluyd, over which it hath a fair Bridge : A place of good Account, dignified with an Archbi- fliop's See, and a Univerfity. Clafymm, Script. Scot. Sterling, a place of good ftrength, and fortified with a ftrong Ca- ftle. Strivilingum, vel Strevelinum., feu Sterhnga. Dunhritton, a place of great ftrength, having the ftrongeft Caftle in all Scotland, both by Nature and Art. Cajhum Britonum, • « / Falkland, pleafantly feated for Hunting. Linlithiuo, or Lithijuo, upon a Lake near unto the Head ofthpFrithy. fuppofed to be the Lindum of Ptol, a City of the Dantnii. j "i<- ■ ■'- M»U'elborough, upon the River Eske, is memorable for a great Over- throw of the Scots by the English under Edufard Duke of Sofnerfet, Prote«9:or of England in the Minority of King Edward the Sixth. I^itb is a noted Port upon the Frith of Edinburgh ; the Bodotria of Tac, and Boderia of Vtol. Perth, or St. Johns-Town, a place of good Account, pleafantly (eat- ed at the Moiith of the River Tay, between two Greens* Aberdeen, fituate on the Mouth of the River Don, and dignifiec^ with an Epifcopal See, and a Univerfity. Aberdonia dim Devan^. Coldingham, Coldana Beda, Colania FtoL famous for Ife choice NunSt Teblis und Selkirk are Sheriffdoms for the Valleys. Jedburgh and Roxburgh are Sheriffdoms, the laft fatal tothe Scots by the deathof King James the fecond, flain in that Siege by the Englifh, Annan and Cajfle-Mahan, are the two chief Towns, near Solway Frith, the Ituna iy£/livariam of the Ancients. Abercon gives Title of Earldom to the Duke Hamilton. Dunbar Bara PtoL or Fara. & Dumba^ r«zw, is memorable for the Battel of i6 JO, S(?/>r. 2;. Dunfreis is a rich and vvell-tradsd Empory upon the River M//&. No- iius oi Ptol. and at the mouth is Caerlavtrock Caftle. Corbantorigum oi old, was the Houfe of the Lord Maxwells. Higher up the River is Morton, ■ 11 w 2^0 Of SeotUnd, . JVUrion^ naming the Ei lis Morton of the n.»fTie o^ Douglas. HiglitT Is .?;?«- ^^«.tr-Caftle, whereof are intitled the Lord 6'eep and inacceffible Rock, is the Seat of the Sheriff. Between Lo^uabuir and Marr rifeth the high Country of Badgevnth. In Bujuban lie the fmall Countries and Prefeduresof Bamfsarat bbogye, znd Boyn, places of Note ; in Murray ant Rothes Caftle, giving Names to the Earls of kjthes. Elgin, Forres, Nim, are Sherifdoms about the Lake Nejj, and part of the M. Grampius of ^ Tac. exteadingHo the Lake Lomond. In Ro^s is the Country of Ardme." W nuchf which giveth Title to the fecond Son of the Kings of Scotland. '■[ ,Chanoury is the Seat of the Biihops. Cromerty is a Shcritdom. Dun Ro- bin Caftle, the Seat fometimes of the Earls of Sunderland, ( Rofmarcha- Mm of old. ) G/r«fgo Caftle, the Seat of the Ejfrl of G?//6f»«. Dur- - nock aftd fVtck, tlie Seats of the BiHiops. Vara, or yarari^jluarium, is Murry Frith. In this Realm of Scotland thzve are two famous and Wonderful Loughs, NiJJ'j and Lomond ; the firlt never freczeth in the extreameft V Cold, and the Waters of the fecond rage in the calmefl Weather. ; ( ■-V" The mmm San- li'c or iAtcd Kir- •tr« is iris of It and :o the names c«w, a Caftle IMTar- iisalfo »mand eupon tie She- l of the s. Arrol letimes orthern 'Brechin Eails of :ce(Iible >,rr riCeth :ries and urray3itC es, Nirn, 'TKpius of Arclnse,' Scotland. Dun Ro- ifmarcha- es. Du" ttriurfty is ^onderFul ttreameft either. Of ScoPhnd* ., '/ \. 4^ The JJlands aljjacent and belonging to ScotJanJ, Are, i. The HehrUes lying on the Weft-fiile thereof, and are 44 in Namber: the chief whereof are,' Z//«i, Jona, Mula, Lewis, 8cc. Plentiful oflVood, Qjarn^ Saly mens, Herrings j Conies, Deer, Sheeny in fonie with, in others without Owners. The OrcaJes of Tac. or the Jpnrls of Orkney, in Number IX, ly- 2. ingfrom the North and North- Eaft point oi Scotland :ThQ greateft and chiefeft Ifland is now called Mainland, formerly Tomonia, well ftored with Lead and Tin, whofe chief Town is Kirkwall^ Fortified with two Caftles, and dignified with the See of a Biftiop : the Inhabitants com- monly called Red-jhanks. 3. Shetland l^imdiS, or Schetland^ih^Tbuk, or TJjyleoi the-Ancients, lying about 20 Leagues Northwards from the Orkney^ bsing many in Number : the chiefof which is called Sbotland, being about 60 miles in length : the Inhabitants are partly Scots, and partly a mixt People of Danes and Scots. Their Commodities are Ling ana Cod. Toward North Barwick, near the Shore, lieth Bas IJland, which ap- pears to be a high craggy Rock, and is remarkable for the great num- ber of Soland'Geefe, by lome called Barnacles, and vulgarly thought to be ingendred by the Fruit of certain Trees dropt into the Water. But the Hollanders report, that the Barnacles ^yNhich they call Rot-Gaufe, are bred in the Northern parts, and that they couple together, lay and hatch their Eggs. And' Gerard de Veeo in his third Navigation to Greenland, affirms, that with his Companions they have driven them from their Nefts,and taken and eaten of their Eggs. Befides, Anatomy difcovers in their Bodies, where the differences of Sexes do vifibly appear, the Males having all the fame parts as the common Drakes, and the Females having their Ovaria as other Birds. Between thelflands of Orkney and Shotland lie two Iflands ; one cal- led Fair-Hill, tl^B Other Fulo, about ten Leagues one from the of^her. Thus much, in brief, as to the Situation, Length, BVeadch,Divtfion, Fertility, People, Government, Chief Towns, and Iflands of Scotland, ^■,. .■■HA-f-*—- . %■'' •% Of 1 ';^.\ <• of Ireland. ,-t. Si^'UiU cMtir $ M ^ ^^^3" UJfjde rf^IriJkAiUsi'^ tl Of InUnd. •f/ 41 t'« Bttt .\,%: .\i ^, 44 -. ? Gf Ireland, .> '^' \".M^"!''^-y>C But as the Conqueft was but flight and fuperficial, fo the Irijh fub« millions were but weak and fickle AfTurances to hold in Obedience fo confiderable a Kingdom, though the Charter was confirmed by Pope fiadrian. So that it was net iiii the latter end of Queen Elizakrh's Reign that tliefame was wholly lubjagated, and the Foundation laid of a lafiing Peace with Ireland^ which foon after was very far proceeded in by King 'James, and now fully perfeded, according to all Human appearance, by our Gracious Sovereign King IVdliam ; So that now Ireland is a Flouiifhing Ifland, Civil in its felf, and a good additional ftrfngth to XhQ Brit ti^ Empire. Ireland (called by the Latins, Hiberma ; by the Greeks, Irnia^ by Tom' ponius and Solinus, called y«X'f;*»(T; by Pto!omj,juerna : by Orpheus , Arijiotky Straboj Stephatius and Cladianus, Jerna : by ilttftatbius, Fer* nia: by Diodorus, his: by the ^K/j?;^ Tverdhon : by the Inhabitants, Eryn. Irlandt Germanis, Irlanda Italis, Irlande Gallis , is in length 300^ and in breadth 130 miles: containing by computation i^ millions of Acres, and is about f of England and JVales. It was anciently divided into five Provinces, each one a Kingdom in its felf, vix.. 1. Leinfier^ 2. Meath. j. Uljhr, 4. Cotjinaught. And f. Munjter. But noW the Province o\ Meatb is reckoned for a Member or part of Leinfier, Thefefour Provinces compofe tl>it Kingdom : as beautiful andfweec a Country r.s any under Heaven : being ftored with many goodly Ri- vers, Repleniflied with abundance of all forts of Fifli, fprinkled with brave !fla»i'is and goodly Lakes; adorned with goodly Woods, full of very good Forts and Havens : The Soil moft Fertile^ and the Hea- vens moft mild and temperate, but not fo clear and fubtil as the Air in England ; and therefore not fo favourable for the Ripening of Co' a and Fruits, as to the Grafs, for all kind of Cattel ; And in the Win- ter more fubjed to Wind, Clouds, and Rain, than Snow or Froft. It is an Ifland of great ftrength, as well by Nature as Art, by rea- fon of its Situation in fuch dangerous Seas ; and the feveral Fortifica- tions and Cafties that the Englifi) have built fince they were Matters of it. Its cb'cf Rivers are the fpacious SL:nnon, the rolling Liffie, the Tan- dy Slan)ty tlic pleafant Boyne, the Fifliy Banne, fwift Amduffe or Black- "Heater, fad Trowis, wide Mayre, now Bantry Bay, the Woody Barrow, the fpreading Lee, the Baleful Oi4re or Sboure. Befides thefe Rivers, there are feverai L<7^/,of which Lough Erne is the greateft, being about go miles in length, and if in breadth j and this, as all other of its Lakes, are well ttored with Fijb, The y1 tmm Of ire land. m ;"^ ■ ' 45 The IrijiihiiVt had the Charafterof being Religious, (by which, '' perhaps, fome underftand Superftitious j Amorous, Patient of La- bour, Excellent Horfemen, and the meaner fort extremely Larba- rous, !ill Civilized by the Neighbourhood and intermixture of the Efjglijh^ yet ftill the wild Irijh retain feveral of their abfurd and ridi*- culous Cuftoms, accouni'ng eafc and idlenefs their greateft liberty and ^ riches. * The Ecclefiaflical Government of Ireland is committed' to the care of four Jrchbijhops, under whom are 19 SufFragan-Bilhops : The Temporal Government is now by one Supreme Officer, fent over by / the King of England, who is called the Lord Lieutenant, or Lord Deputy of Irelr.nd ; who for Majefty, State, and Power, is not inferiour to any Viceroy in Europe. . * Their La^J.'s are correfpondent with thofe of Eng^and, and they have their feveral Courts ofJ«///c^; as Chancery^ Common-Pleas^ Kings- Bench, Excheqmr^ Courts of Parliament j and Jufiices of the Peace in eve» ry County, The Commodities of this JJland are, Cattel, Hides, Tallotv, Buttery Cbeefcy Honet. War, furs, Sir It, Hemp, Ltnntn Cloth, Pipe-flaves, Wooll, of which they make Cloth, and feveral Manufadures, a"^ Frecz,cs, Rugs, Mantles, SsLC. Its Seas yield great plenty o{ Cod-fjl), Herrings, Pilchersy and other Fifh: Tiie Bowels of the Earth afford Mines of LW, T/Wj znAlron. ^ of I E I^N S T E R. This Province the Natives call Leighingh, the Rritains Lein, tlie Li- tins Lagenia ; and in the ancient Lives of the Saints, Lagan j and by r ; Englijh Leinfier. This part of Ireland for tlie generality is of a fer- tile foil, affording great plenty of Corn, Cattel, Fowl, and Fiih ; en- jojcUh a wholfome and temperate Air ; it is well watered with Ri- vers, well furniftied with Towns, and well Inhabited by the Gentry and Commonalty ; and divided into rhefe Count" ^s, Lor.gford, IVcJl- Meath, Eajt'Meath, Lough, Dublin, KdJare, Kwgs-Ccttnty, Qu^ens-Ccunty^ IVtckloiv, Caterlough, Kilkenny, and fVcxford. Its cliief Places are, Dublin, the Metropolitan Cicy of Ireland, by Ptolomy called Ehlana, by the Latins Dttblininm, by the ^vj7;, Babcleigk It is no lefs pleafanrly than commodioufly feated on the River />#f, which after a Gnallcourfe, empcieth it fclfintoa capacious Bay^ where it hath a good Haven, and a fair ProrpetH:; ;.nd on the South, dt^Wght ful Hills, which wiclgithc feveral Parks adj.iccnt, afrL\td great RecaM- tior 4 ■.1 «'■ ■; f \r *. 4^ Of IreUmt. tion to the Gentry : It is a City of great Antiquity, dignified ahd en- riched with the Refidence of the Lord- Lieutenant, as alfo with the See of an Arch-Bifhop, with an Univerfity, and tlie Courts of Judi- cature. It is beautified with many fair Buildings, viz, the Lord Lieu- tenant's Palace, aftately StruiSlure; the Cathedral Church, nigh unto which is the Archbifliop's Palace, both without the City. The Colle- giat-Church, called C^f-z/^-CWcA, feated in the midft of the City, and dignified with the Privileges of a Univerfity. The Town-Hall, or Tolst-Tale, 3, {a\v Stone- Building, of a Quadrangle form, where the Lopd-Mayor and Sheriffs, Aldermen and other Magift rates of the Ci- ty , aflemble together for the management and confulting of the Publick Concerns of the City. The (lately New Hojyttal, Defigned and built by the Ingenious Archite^, H^ilUam Rohinjofty Efquire : As alfo the New-Fort or Cafilc at Kingfale. A fair CoUedge, with feveral other brave Edifices. *Tis a place of great Trade, well inhabited and fre- quented by Nobility and Gentry, with wealthy Merchants and Shop- keepers. A City of large extent, and yet daily encreafes its Buildings, efpecially its Suburbs, which is fevered from the City by a Wall, which gives Entrance by fix Gates. A City, though not feated in the middle of Ireland, yet placed diredly oppofite to the Engli^ ihore, being twelve hours fail, with a profperous gale of Wind, or twenty Leagues difVant from Holy-bead^ a rare advantage for the maintenance of Traf- fick and Commerce with England^ and other parts of the World ; (b that in a word, there is nothing wanting that may ferve to make the State of a City moft magnificent and flourifhing. Carhngford and Dundalk^tAndi on a commodious Bay of the fame Names. Droghedah, or Tredagh^ fituate on the River Bnyne^ on the edge of Vlfter^ a fair and populous City, as well by Art as Nature, very ftrong- ly fortified and furniflied with a large and commodious Haven. V hill f ft own, or Kingl^cfr is the chief of Kings-County ; burnt by the Rapperees. , Mary-burrovj^ or Qtteenfiown, is the chief of Quecnt-County. Kilkenny, on the River Ntwry, the chief Seat of the Bifljop, and is alfli honoureJ with two Noble Seats of the Duke of Ormond, vit. the Caltle of Kdhenriy and Donmore Houfe ; fcitunre in a brave Mid well- inhabited Coantrey, a fair and wealthy Borough-Town. Molingar, the chief Town of IVcJl-Meath. Ralimore, well Fortified by the /r///;, but furrendred July \o. i6i?r, 7r//w is a Borough and Market Town, the chief of Eafi-Meath. Caterloughy commonly C/^lcH«[h, a fine Market-Town , having a ftrong Caftle, and the Chief of that County, Scituate near the plea- fant wmmmmmma Oflrddffii. 47 #■ !n- he di- md Hint Navigable River by Boats, frpm/Soj/f, placed above 30 >i/b mites- from Dublin, and in a convenient Stage from thegreateft part of Mun- Iter and Lfinfter, Wtcklow at the mouth of the River Letrim, is the chief of the County (b called. Rqffe, once populous, and well-traded, built by Ifahel the daugh* ter of Richard Strong-how , Earl of Pemhoke, feated upon a brave Na- vigable Ri'"er, where Ships of )four or five hundred Tun may fafely rids before its Key. Longford, which gives Name to the County, and Titls to the now Earl OT Ijmgford. Lanesborough is a confiderable Pafs over the Shannon, Kildare, a fair Inland Town, well frequented,defended by a Caftlej a Placa much celebrated in the Infancy of the Iri(h Church, for its St. Bridget, a holy Virgin, and Difciple to St. Patrick. Wexford, iesttd in the mouth of the River Slany, and drives f. great Trade with Brifiol. It hath a fair Pool within a Sandy Bar, lying be- tween it and the Sea, wherein are yearly taken great ftore of Her- rings, to the great advanta^;e of the Place. The River is Navigable by fnaall Boats up to Inijh Corfejjiibout eight miles beyond this Town, where there is a good quantity of Iron made, which is carried down the River and fo difperied into (everal parts of Ireland. Ferns is a BiihopsSee, Dumannon is a confiderable Caftle,command- ing fVaterfordH^v&n, where King WiUiam and the Prince of Denmark embarqu a for England, The chief Rivers in this Province are, i. The Boyne • The Battel at the Boyne in 1 690. will as well Enternize the Mem y , the Valour, the ConduA, the Hazard of his Majefty King WtUiam ti III^. as Lament the Death of the Renowned Duke Scbonberg, and of the Pcverend Dr. Walker, 2. The Barrow, j. The Liffe or Uffy. 4. Tuc Nuer, 5*. The Slanj or Urrin, In this Province are comprehended 926 Pariflies j whereof 47 are Boroughs that return Parliament-men ; 16 Market-Towns Caftles. 102 Of the Province oi V L S T E R. By the Latins, Ultonia^ or XJlidia ; by the Jrifi Cui Gmly, by the kP'clcb, Vitro ; by the EngUfh Ulfier, It is now divided into nine Counties, i, Dunmgnl^ cr Tjrcovnel. 2. London-' 48 Of IriUnL \k r Lcndondtrry^ Atttrim,:3^ny'Ardin)iigbi Tyrsnti Or Tyf-Otn] Parmaniigh\ Iwchief pbaes are ;Z>f/J7»(7g^^/, a; Borough Town, with a good Ha^^ ven, and commodious Harbour: Raphoc, near the Lough SmlJe, onoo a City and Bilhoprick. Ballijhennon hath a good Haven. .; Londonderry is the befl: built Town of any in the North of Ireland, feated in a Ven'mfula of 40 Acres; on one fide invironed witha River^ and on the other fide impafitble, with a deep and Morifh Soil, ftrong» \y fcituated by Nature, and ftronger by Art; very remarkable for its Defence in the Siege 1689, Mr Ceorge IValkcr^ Kedor of Doff/^bmore in Tyrone J Governour, againft 20000 Irijlo, for toj" d^ys; whom nei- ther the Number nor Rage of the Enemies without, nor thofe more Cruel ones within. Famine and Sicknefs, and the Fatigue (/ War, could ever make them think of Surrendring. Culmore Forty at the Entrance of Louzh Foyle ,; is witnefs of the brave Undertaking , and great Succefi of the Montjoy of Derry , aod the Phoenix of Colrainey loaden with Provifion for the Relief of Londonderry f and conveyed by the Dartmouth Frigat, in breaking and pafling the BooWj to the inexpreflible Joy and Tranfport of tiiat di- ftreffed Garifon, when they only reckoned upon two days life. Cokaine, a confiderable place, and once gave name to this County. St. ?atrick*s Purgatory, is a Vault or narrow Lane in the ground, of which ftrange ftories are reported by the Irifh. Antrim gives name to the County, but Carrickfergm, or Knockfergm is the chief of the County^, feated upon a large and capacious Bay, with a fafe and conimgiimon is cfteehied the chief Town in the County of Tyrom, Stra- ^tf»« is a Borough-Town. Cafile Omagby or Drummaragh, is a Borough-Town on the R. Vo water^ Ckgber is a fmall Biftiopiick. Eniskillmgi or Imflikillmg, is the chief Town in Fermanagh County, and is &!TiOus for the Valour of its Inhabitants in the late War ;reat- ed in an lHandin the middle oithcLskQ Earn , (which is there divided into two parts), and guarded with two Forts. Jarmon and Tully are two Caftles. Balleck at the mouth of the Lake. Mmagban is a Borough-Town, and chief of the County. G lajhlogh vtnd Clonijh are two fmall Towns. Cavan is alfo the head of its County. Behurbet \s2l Borough-Town. Kilmorea Bifliops See. Tiie chief Rivers of this ( junty are, i. The Banne, which pafles through the great Lake Neagb. 2. Lougb Foyle, which makes a great Bay or Lake of the fame Name. As alfo does, 3. Swilly, 4. Lagan Water, f. Neunry. 6. Po River. In this Province is one Archbiflioprick, 6 Bifhopricks, 60 Baro- nies, 14 Towns, of Trade, 54 Towns that return Parliament-men, 30 Caftles, and 214 Parifties. Cffhe Province of CO NNJVGHT, or ConAught^ and Connagh. Lat. Conuda&cCoftachtia. . This I'rovince, as it is divided into feveral Counties, fo every Coun- ty is feverallycommemded for its Soil. Clare is faid to be a County fo conveniently feated, that either from the Sea or Land there can be nothing wiflied for more. Galloway is no lefs thankful to the Husbandman, than profitable to the Shepherd. Mayo is repleniflied with pleafure and fertility, abundantly rich in Cattel, and plenty of Honey. Skgo, Coafting upon the Sea, is noted for feeding-and raifing of Cattel. Letrim is fo full of grafs and forage, that it fometlmes endangers ^heir Cattel. "* Rofcommon is plain and fruitful, feeding many herds of Cattel, and yielding plenty of Corn. Clarcy or Tbomond, gives Title to an Earldom, fonietimes chilled Twomondy or TwoivouNy gives Name to the County. KilLdow, or Labif^ is a Market Town, and Bllhops See. Enis Town is a Borough three miles Nortb of Clare. Bonrotty is fortified with a Caftle. H Ci.: .^' / 5d ' Of IreUfttL. ^^ Galloway, a BiihopsSee, and the third City of this Kingdom, for beauty and bignefs, feated near the fall of the great Lake or Rivec Corhes in the Weftcrn Ocean j furrendrcd to the* Efigltjhy J4ily 22. 91. A noted Empory, and famous for Trade ; nigh to this City is the Lough Garble f about 20 miles in length, and 3 or 4 in breadth ; in which are many fmall Ifles. tuam is an Archbifliops See, once a famous City, now decayed. Atbenree, or Aterietb, is a Borough Towflt Cknfart ftill keepeih the. Title of a Bifliops See. .*' • But the Battel of Aghrim will eternize the Valour of the Enghfu Mayo is reckoned the chief Town of the County, now decayed^ once a Biflioprick, now joined to Tuam^ and- the Jurifdldion to Ktl- lata, which is a fiiiall Town and Bifhoprick, near a large Bay. Caftk Bar is a fmali Borough Town ; in this County is the Lough Malk^oi, a large extent and well itored withFifti. Skgo, in the year 16^2, was but a very poor Town, but 'tis feated on a great Pafs, and moft convenient thorough* fare of all Comaugbty into the Province of Ulfitr ; Flanked on the Weft by a Bay of th© Sea, which fafely brings to it Ships of good Burthen ; and on the. Eaft with a Lake of about y miles in length, ftored with brave Sal- mon, Pikes and Trouts ; Protected by a Itrong Fort, and the whole Gountrey enriched with as good Land as any in Ireland ^ and Neigh- boured within few miles of the great Lake Earn^ %o miles in length, and half as broad. Being thus happily fcituate, and accompanied with fo many ."advantages, will doublefs be of great confequence. Acoi> ry, once a Bilhoprick, now ruined and united to Elfh'mm Rofcommon^. Letrim is feated in a fertile Soil, near the Lough Alyn on the River Shannon i reckoned the chief of the County. Cantck Drumrujh is alfo a fmall Borough Town on the River Sbamon. James Town^ a place commodioufly feated for Trade, upon the Ri- ver Sbanmn, being paflable by Boats from thence as far as Killaloo^ near Liwmci ; which is 80 miles or thereabouts, except the neceflity of once unloading by reafon of At hlone' Bridge. Rofcommon, which gives name to the County, otherwife poor and mean. Atblone^ a Bilhoprick, is a place of great ftrengch, and the Key of Connaugbtj on both (ides of the River Sbanmn^ joyned by a ftately Stone Bridge ; guarded on Conmught fide with a Caftle, andftrongly fortified with an Earthen Wail, but could not rcfift the Power and brave Attacks of the Englijh. Elph'm is a Bifliops See. Tulsk is a Bo- tough, and Market-Town. Boyle will be famous for the Name of the HQtiQUidihX^ RobiTt BoyUj Efquire, the EngUpt Philofophcr. This y^" Of IrtlinA. 5« This Province contains %% Baronies, it hath one Archbifltoprick, 6 Bifliopricks, beHdes Angchcnj and Mofo^ united to Tuam, 7 Market- Towns; 8 Places of Commerce and Trade ,* iz places that return Parliament-men, 24-Caftlesofold ereAion, and 366*Parinies. It is well watered with Loughs^and Ri\rers, plenty of Fifli and Fowl ; and on the Weftern Sea it hath many commodious Bays^Creeks, and Navigable Rivers ; but its Air not fo pure and clear as in the other Provinces. Of the Province of lA U N S T E R, lytheLmtks Mo- momia, hjthe Irilh Mown, or Wown. It is divided into j Counties, (by fome into 6 ) viz, Tipperar^, or Holy Crofs ; TVaterford, Corky to which is joined the County ot Def- wond, UmerickiStnd Kerry, Thefe Counties are divided into yi Baronies. It is large, Mountainous, Woody, and of a different Soil; the Val- leys garnimed with Corn Fields, and generally fertile ; well watered with Rivers and Bays, abounding in Corn, Cartel, Wood, Wooll, and Filhjthe laft whereof it affords in every place plenty, but efpecially Her- ring and Cod, near the Promontory ofEraaghy that lies between Bantry and Baltimore Bay. The Air mild and temperate, neither too fcorching hot, nor too pinching cold ; comprehending, befides many fafe Nati- ons for Ships, 24 Towns of Note and Trade, 66 Caftles of old ere- dion, and 802 Pariifaes. Tipperary, once a famous place for Pilgrims, now gives name to the County. Clonmel, in the Connty o(Ttperary,a. place of great ftrength and confequence, both for its convenient fcituation upon the River Sbottr, paiiable to it by Boats, 20 miles above fVaterford; as alfo for that it is the Place of Judicature for the faid County, larely made Pa- latine. Itis^ Market- Town and Borough. Cajhel or CaJJeJ, is an Archbiflioprick. Thurlei is a BoFOugh-Town on the River Sbure, CarickyOvCarick-Mac-Griffinyisa. Market Town on the fame River. The North part of Tipperary beareth the name of Orwond, and is honoured by giving Title to our prefent Duke ofOriond. tVaterfordy on the River Shour, a well traded Port, a Bifhops See, and the fecond City of Inland j tho feated in one of the moft barren parts, and moft foggy Air, yet it is of fafe and commodious Site for Trade ; for Ships of the greateft burthen may fafely fail to, antl ride at Anchor before the Key thereof, which is one of the beft in the King's Dominions^ and chief of the County. Ha Dunbar' ** Of TreUnii ■%. ■V. & , Dmgurvan is a Borough Town,reated on the Sea, well fortified with a t Ca(tle,wiihacommodious Roadfor Ships.£iyw0r«isaBorough Town on ^, the River Blackwater, once a BiHiops See, but now united to Waterford, Corky uposithe R. Lee, the principal of chat County , and a Bifliopi- 'See, well walled, and fitted with a very commodious Haven, confifting chiefly of one ftreet in length, inhabited by a civil , wealthy, and indu- ftrious people, generally all Etiglijh. It is the Shire-Town of the largeft, richeft, and bell inhabited Countrey of any in IrelanJy and the only ThoroughTare of all Goods and Commodities fent moft commonly this way owt of England, Sept'. 29. 1690. aftbr 3 or 4 brave Aflaults by the Englifhy it furrendfed to King JVilUt^m., tho the.Gariibn confifted • of poo, who were all made Prifoners of War. . K'wgfale upon the mouth of the River Banyj commodious Pprtiop- pofite to the Coaft of 5ptfi», the only fafe and ready vPort in all Ireland for the Englif^ Ships ana others to victual at, or refrefh theinfelves, har ving a lirong Caftle for its defence ; which alfij furrendred to.the £»g///fc, OcSlob. 17. 1690. r(7M^i&<>/ upon the Sea, with a fafe Road, and convenient Haven, and is the moft convenient place in all the South, Par^s of Ireland, froni whence to tranfportCatteljShecpidr.toany part of the Pf^efi of England. Other places in thisCounty, are Roffe, once of gpod account,anda l^ifhoprick, now united to Cork. Charkfville, Mallo, Brandon- Bidge, BfiU . limore, &c. are Borough Towns. Limricky or tough- Meaghy the Principal of that County, and thjB (burthineftimationofalltheKJngclom, fcituateinan Ifland, compaifed about with the River Sbanmny by which means well fortified : A weH- frequente(^ Empory, and a Bifbops See.Diftant from the main Ocean ■ about 60 miles, yet Ships of good burthen come up clofe to the very Walls; of a happy fcituation in refpe<5lpf TralBckand Commerce. It is counted two Towns, the Upper, where, Hand* the Cathedral Church and Caftle: The lower fenced with a Wall and Caftle. TheJaftTown that furrendred to . the Englijhy and compleated the Conqueft of Lrx- land. Kilmallock is a Borough Town,. Rich and Populous, jiskeaton ztiA Jtbdora are fmall Towns of note. ;|. Dingle, a Borough and Market-Town, is^thc' chief of the County .of . '. *ffr<;; itis very well feated foi Navigation, upon a large Biy of the fame name, the mo!^ Wefiern of note in all Ireland. Arafeart is a Bo- rouglvTown, nigh the. Sea, and^ Bilhoprick- rM/^about.4 mUes .from the Sea. ' To conclude ; Thefe four Provit|ces make up a Kingdom, as beau- iiful and fweet a Countrey as any ^nder Hsaven^ Jftored with many ' goodly ^ ■;^ mmm wmmmmm Of Df/tmdrk. ' 5j gQpdly Rivers^ repleniflied with abundance of i>il forts of FiHi^rprinJc- led with many Brave Iflandj and Lakes, adorned with goodly Woods ; 'for building of Houfes or Ships; full of good Forts and Havens; of a Soil moft fertile, and the Air mild and temperate; fothat there is no- ' thing wantinjg that may ferveto make it amoft magnificent and flou- riihin^ Kingdohi. 1,, , ^ v^ 54 Of Denmgri* 1-' ^h,^ f.^;.. • ' i DANIJ.LaKP E.I^EMA;RC KyincoUsi DENMARK, Engl is a M6iMrchy which in formqr timesi was^ vay fcrtni- dable bom to Trance and lEnglmd \ and though the Englijh for many years have minded no other Intereft in this Country but that of the Sahick and North Trade ; yet fincc thefe two Crowns arpnow come to a clofer Union, it may be worth our while to 16oki)ack and confiderthe State ef that Monarchy, wherein the Engl^ hath fo great an Intereft by the late Marriage oS George Pt'mcQoi Dpunark with the Princels yf»». ^ ;., ;3.>. . v ,t ^ ' li Concernitig^the Origimil bf thcVJiiie, we read not many of the more ancicnt* and 50wf£; the 50«r/& pare is divided alfo into two Dukedoms, vk,, ■ Ducat ftt Holfatia, or Ho/fiein, a ad Stejukenfts Ducat hs^ or Slejwkk* ^i • Of the Dtikedom f)/Holftein, e;r ^. Ifatia Ducatus. , ;•. TH I S is a Woody, low and Marfiiy Country, and contains the Provinces of Ditbmerjia, Stormaria^ Holf'atia, and Wagria^ pro- perly and ftridly fo called. Stormaria, Stormaren, hath for its chief places Hamburgoy Manonisy Ptol, te(le Cluver, a free Imperial City, and a Hans'Town of great ftrength, as well by Nature as Art, adorned with fair and beautiful Structures, viz.. the Council-HoufejExchange, and nine Churches; a place of great Trade, and well relbrted to by Merchants and Faftors of feveral Nations. Anno i;74. this Town was adjudged to belong to the Earls of Holfiein, and that determina- tion ratify 'd by Charles the Fourth And 'tis faid that the Hamburgers took the Oath of Allegiance to Chr'tfiiern Earl oiOldtnburg^thQ firft King of Denmark of that Houfe, as Earl of Holjlein ; but fince they live as a = free State, and being jealous of their Liberty, or their Guilt, they are always in a pofture of Defence, and can upon all occafions raife c f oo Citizens well armed, befides their conftant Garifon, and the promifcd afliftance of the reft of the Hans-Towns. 2. Crempa, Krem- pen, a ftrong and well Fortified Town, reckoned one of the Keys of the Kingdom. GluckstadtfilucfiaMum, which commands the pafTage up the Elbe. 6. Vinnenbergy Vinntberga^ a ftrong place, and of great confequence. 7. Bredenberg, one of the beft Towns in the Country, remarkable for the ftout refiftance it mads againft PPallefiein 1628. Ifagria, JVageren^ hath for its chief places Lubeea, Lubeck, the Treva of F:ol. te(te Marc.Sanf. & BrietiojUn Imperial Free City, and a Hans- Toivn, and Birtiops See, built upon a rifingHiil, on the fummit where- of is placed the Cathedral Church, called St Maries : befides which, it hath nine others,The Streets are ftraight and fair ; 'tisFortfied with a Ditch and double Wall, in circuit about fix miles, and enjoys a good Trade. Heylin tells us there is not a City of Germany which can equa- lize it, either for the Beauty and uniformity of the Houles, the plea- fant Gardehs, fair Streets, and delightful Walks without the Walls ; feated upon the River Tr^at^e, which runs through the midftof it about ' eight Engli^ miles from the Baltick. Guarded at the River's mouth by the Fort TravemunJ, and is in a ftriA Alliance with the States-General of the United-Provinces, ever fince Anno 1648, The other Towns are Newfiadty Pken, Plona, upon a Lake fortified with a Caftle, and belonging to a Prince of the Houfe of Holfiein^ called Holfiein Floen. Oldetiburgh. V0 of Vinmtrk^ ^ OUentfurgh, Segehert, the Lirimiru of PtoL and OUejloe, DitMarftd^ Ditbmarfen, hath for its chief places MeUrop, the prime Town of the Province. LunJen, Bri&nbutttlj & HeiJe, Holfatia, Hol/ace Gallis, Hoi- fiein, is the laft member of this Eftate, though giving name to the whole ; the chief places in it are Kiel, alias Cbilonmm, Seated upon the Baltick Sea, a well traded Town, with a large Haven, and flore' of Shipping, 2. Remborg, the faeft fortified^ and It%,ehoa on the Ri- ver Stoer, Adolfb of Scbaumherg'm the Year r 114. (h} Lotbarim Emperor and Duke of Saxony) was made the iirft Earl of Hot/fein. Molpb the laft Earl ; of which Houfe dying without liTue, the whole Edate fell to Cbrifiiern, Son of Theodorick Earl of Oidenberg, who being made King of tknmark, prevailed with Frederick the third, Emperor, to have the whole Ef^ate erected into a Dukedom, 1474. and by this means uni- ted tf> ^he Crown of Dfww<»r4:^ the Kings thereof, as Dukes of HoU (hin, being counted Princes of the Empire ; though they neither fend to the Imperial Diets, nor contribute to the publick Taxes, nor ac- knowledge any Subje<5lion more than Titular: Yet fmce this uniting of thefs two EOates, the Title of Duke of Holbein, and a good part of the Countrey, was in a manner difmembred from the Crown, and given to Adoplb, Brother of Chri^iern the Third. Afterwards ano- ther part of this Countrey was beftowed upon Jobn, Younger Bro- ther to Frederick the Second. So that now the Houfe of Holjhin is di- video i: ito three principal Branches, whereof the King of Denmark is the Head, and (landing ProteAor of the firft Branch ; The other two Branches are that of Hoilfteirt Gottorp, and that of Holftein Sunderburg, which is divided into four Branches ; fo that the Dukes of Holfhin are now increafedto a great number: of which the Duke of Holftein Gottorp is the moft confiderable ; yet was greater before he loft: rhe King of Denmark his Brother- in-Law's favour, by engaging too far with the Sivedefy whereby he loft to the King his Rights of Sove- raignty over the Dukedonr of Slefwicky and has little or nothing there left befides hisCaftle at Gottorp. And in Holflein his SubjeA are under Contribution, whilft himfelf refides at Hamburg, his place of refuge. ^ Slefvicenjis Ducatusy SlefwickjOr Hertzo^thumb, Incolis, •« TH I S is that part of Jw/Z^w^/which lies next to Hol/hin, 2nd was firft eredled a Dukedom by King Eric of Denmark j who gave ic to iValdemar ; but Male-ilTue failing, ic returned to the Crown, and I ' was ■««"■ }f -V was by Margaret^ Queen of Denmarkf Norway aftd Sweietty conibrredt upon Gff?r<»'^/ F^irl of Holfitm» Aftcrwacd« it fell, together with HoU fiein, to Chriftkrn of Oldenbmgh King of Dennfarky by whom it was with /ib//?w» Incorp jrated in that Crown. A Country which once in three or four years thf* Inhabitants let the Pools overflow the Land, where they catch plenty of Fifh, and the Mud inriches the Soil. Its chief Towns are SchUfwyck, Skfuicumj & HeiMa, te(h Crantzio, an Epifcopal See, and Head of the Dukedom, Seated on the River Slea^ whichfalls into the B<»/fic^5e/»; where it hatha conimodious Haven. 2. Hufum, Seated on the KvJ&r Eyder, Fortified with a Caftle. 3. Ha- tkrs'lebetJi Fortified wi^h the Strong C ft!e Hansherg. 4. FUnshergy with its coffliftodiousand deep Port. Between Fknsberg and Slefwick is a Country that goes by the name of Afigekn, from whence En^nd had its firft denomination ever fince King Egbert, y. The Port of Chri/litrv- pries, now Fortified by the Fort Frederick. 6. Gortopj a Sirong Fort or Caftle^ th&Refidence of the Duke of Holfiein, ', . Fre- Mrkkftadt upon the Eydeti built by one of the late Dukes, int«nHing to iiave fet up a Trade of Silk there j to which pur pole, in the Year 1633. he fern afplendid Embafly into^ Mufcovy dndPerjia, whofe Tra- vels are defcnbed by 0^<»r/«j. . •• r, • V: • Of North Juitland. >f. NOrth Juitland is divided Into four DiocefTes, Ripeft, Arthu^en, JlhouY^^ s^nd iVibourg, ^ - : , The Dioccfs of Ripen contains feven Walled Towns, and ten Ca^ ⩽ its --hief places are Ripen^ an Epifcopal Sea, Fortified^ with a Caftle. 2. Koldifig I tht place whete Toll is paid for the Cattel that paflfes that way. 3, Frederick Odi, or Frederica, lies in a Scitua- tion of that importance, that Charks Gufiavm having taken it in the Jate Wars 16^7. opened himfelf a way to pafs his Army over the ite into all ':ne Neighbouring Iflands, and to alarm Copenhagen ; an khion. both bold and unheard of; for he marched his Cavalry and his Car- riages over 3 great Arm of the Sea, where ueforc a fing^ toot^man was afraid to expofe his life The Diocefs of Arthafiay or Arthufent contains feven Cities, and five Caftles; its chief places are Arthuftn, a well-freqeutcd Port 5 Kalla a ftrong ^/jace, Horfens and Renderen. The '- iJiiptpH^cipewmppfiR^^ m^mnfm :riv Of DefmarJc: '5^ The Diocefi of PTthourg hath three Ca(IIes,aii3 threcWalledTow^s; the chief is ?flW^, where are the Courts of jfudlcature for all ^hit-^ The chief Jflands belonging to Denmark, that lie difperfed in the Baltick Sea are, Zdand, Fionia or F«w», Alfen, Arrot or <<4rw, I,4x^* land, Laland, Falfier, Mme, Huen, or Wsen-Ifland, and Bornbolm, 0/ /fe Baltick Sea. THIS is the Sinus Codanus of the Ancients, otherwife called Suc' vicum Mare, feu Balticum. Die Belthy or Oofiz^e Belgify La Mar Baltiaue Gallit^ tVareZikovie More, RuJJis, It hath three feveral paffages into It irom the Ocean, all of th tn under the command of the King of Denmark ; the fafeft and moft ufual is that famous Strait called the Fretum Sundicum* Le Sund, Gallis* Straet Vi'n Sund, Batavis. Orefund, Danis. The Sound, Anglis, So great a palTage, that there often fails 200, fometimes 300 Ships through in one day, and is not above four miles over in the narroweft place. The fecond PafTage or Inlet lies between the Ifland.s oi Zeiand and Funen, and is about i6 miles over, and is called Beltfiund, or the great Belt. The third paffage is between Funei^ and Jutland, not above eight miles over, and is called the lelTer Belt. , This Sea is laid by Captin Collings to be Frelh Water. 0/ Zeland. Z Eland, of old Codanonia, the greateft Ifland of the Baltick ^eas, is fcituatenear the main Lindoi Scbonen, from which 'tis feparaced by a narrow Strait, about four mile:ovir , which is called the Sound : through which all Ships muft pafs that have any Trade or Commerce in thefe Seas, and pay a Toll, or Impofition to the King, according to their bignefs, or Bills of Lading ; by v/hich arifeth his greateft Re- venue ; And for the fecurity of this Paifage, there are bailt two very ftrong Caftle3,the one in this Ifle, called Cronenburg, the moft delight* iul Seat in the World, affording a profitable and pleafant Profpec? of all Ships that Sail through the Sound; the other in Schoncn, or Scan^ dia, called Elfenhurg. In the Reign of Queen Elizabetb our Ea/lland- Fleet was by the King of Denfttar kthratned to be funk in cafe they palTed this Sound, or Straits of £j/e»o»r ; yet they made rhe Adventure, having only one Man of War, was. the Minion, and kept their courfe ( maugre alloppoTition^ without any wound received ) forwards and back again. .' ../ .^ ^ >;.^ ; ,;)'i...i - 1 a The ^i H m^^ noBn mm ^0 W ^'f'^^rk. ' " The chief City of this Ifl^ad^ is Baphnia Riehenhavett, Danis, Koppenbagen Ger. Kopenhaven Belg,Cop€nhage Gal. Copenhagen AngL the Metropolis of the whole Kin^'dotn, fometime the ReficJence of the King, a Univerfity,Seated near theSeaiwith a good Port,andfafe Road for Ships ; Fortified with a Strong Caftle, containing one of the Faireft Arfenals in Europe j wherein is a Celejtial Glok fii foot Dia?- merer. Chrifiiern the Fourth having laid the Foundation of a "Nei'T 3ity in the little Ifland of Armager^ joined it to the old by a Bridge, and cal- led it by the Name olChrifilerm Haven ; fo that now it is divided into two parts ; in the New Town is the Royal Caftle, the Mint, the Ex- change, and the Arfenal before-mentioned. This City was taken by FreJerickj Anno 1^12. and in the Year in^* ^ftera years Siege it was furrendred to Chrijliern the ^d. The Citizens now enjoy the. greaceft privilege of any City in Europ", Refchildia, RojchiUt, is the Burying-place of the Danijh Kings. Elfe» vour, Eljimria, is near to the (Irong Caftle and Palace of Cronenhurg, the Fortifications whereof was, and is the Key of the Bahiek Sea, en- larged into the Sea with incredible charge and pains by Frederickthe id. The Surrender of this Caftle to the Swedes by a Stratagem, Sept, the 6th, i6^8. was like to have loft Copenhagen, and conlequently the whole Kingdom. Fredericks herg is a Fortrgfs built in a pleafant Plain, oftentimes the place of the King's retiremetjt; butmoft famous for that folemn inter- view and Entertainment that happp^ied between the late Kings ofSwe- den and Denmark upon the Coh ''' Aon and Ratification of the RofcbiUt Treaty. Other places are Kallenburg, Rivftead. Koge, Korfoer is the place where King Charles of Sweden landed his Army in bis Second Expedition againll Denmark, Aug. 8. i6y8. five Months after the a- forefaid Interview of the two Kings at Fredericksburg. Neftwood. Wa- rjngburg, was the firft place where the King of Sweden fet his Foot in Zeland'm his firft Expedition. In this Ifland are reckoned 340 Vil- lages. The Ifland of Fionia or Funen, is the allignment of the Prince of Denmark j 'tis feated between Zeland and Juitland, feparated from the firft by a narrow paffage called the Belt ; from the laft by a narrower, called Middle-far-jound. 'Tis a fertile Soil, and pleafant Situation. Its chief place is the well-traded 0e whole Kingdom oi Norway, the greater part of th'e Kingdom or Sweden, id fome ip^rtoi Penmarh That which did belong to Denmark^ isdivjcJed into three Provinces, HaUand, Schcnen, and Bltk'mg, now under the King of Sweden, by the Rofcbih Treaty ; yet here tnentioned, becaufe the places in the Map are more plainly feen, than in the Map of Sweden. - * HaQand is a Province for fertility of Soil, fweeetnefsdf Air, ftbre of Fifh, plenty of Lead and Brals Mines, fcarce inferior to any ; its chief places are IVansbourg^ Laholm, Helmfht, Falkevburg, and Tvrkow. Scbonen is the pleafanteft Countrey in aW Denmark, moft abundant in friiits, and flioals of Herrings; its chief places are Lmden, the Me- tropolitan Archbiftioprick of Denmark, with its famous Dial, where the Year, Month, Week, Day and Hour throughout the Year, asalfo the Motions of the Sun and Moon through eachDejireeofthe 7jodi:cky the moveable and fixed Feafts, &c. are diftinAly feen, being finely a- dorned, andfet forth in variety of delightful Colours. Other placesare Htl/iftgoburgam, or Elfinborcb, fortified with an impregnable Caftle, and one WWPPBT" . iii»;«;)jiMi,iij4.iu.. mi^n ^ (Jft Of Norw^i one of the Forts defending the Smnd over-againft Cfonenhurg, Lanfcroof/i > Corona-Scama, Malmogia, or Elhogen, Tillhurp Wfied, Walltlfurg, Sim^ ptm-'baveny And Chifiiernfiadt, or Cbrifiiern^aoff . ^ <:' ^ JBleking is mountainous and barren ; its chifeff places are Cbrifiian^?ww/le7erlince theReign of Frederick the firft, who was Ele<3:ed Jm^o lyz;, fo that there are two Archbifhops, and thirteen Biftiops fcr Denmark, The Forces of this Kingdom may be known by their former, and «!0v; late Undertakings againft the Swedes ; by which it appears, that they can raife a ftrong power at Sea, and make good Levies atCand^ forde fence of their own I^om^/iicK^/. > , The Revenue of this King confifts thiefly in the great Impoft laid upon all Ships whidh pafs through the Sound, which is the Key of the Baltick ; alfo in fome Crown- Lands, a great yearly Toll made of the Cattel ; as alfo of the Fi(b tranfpof ted into other Countries. 'i'v their Words and Contrads, good Soldiers both at Sea and Land. The Women are fair^ difcreet, and courteous, fruitful of Children. The Danifli Ladies love hunting, and more freely entertain at their Tables^ than in their Bpds, thofe that come to vifit them. "For great Captains and men of War, it is famous ; ior Godfrey , ot Gotrims, who endangered the Empire of France ;for Siveno andCanu- r«^, the'Conquerors of England. For men of Learning, Tycbo Brabe the Prince of Aftronomersy Hemmgimsi Learned Divine, BertboUnma Phyfi- cian and Philofopher, Jobn Ckverins the Hiftorian and Geographer. v^l ., •; r;^f.t^»^f^ Vy ^t'^r/.j fvo^n-T. '■>■. "}'■'. •* ^ .i=^.i>>f" '■ .■■■■■■ ' Of -Of ik KiMGDOM of NORWAY.^ ►>/f '->V^^' NOrvegia, Lat. Nerigos VlifhNorway^Afigl contains the Weftern part of the Fenhfula of ScandinaviaythQ £a(tern part being part of ^afc'iji/e- land. A long ridge of mountains making the reparation, leaving Nor- way toward the Oceattf and Sweddand toward the Baltick Sea. From hence are tranfported Train-Oyl^ Pitch, Stock-fift, Mafis for Ships, Deal-hards. The Coaft of Norway, tho of a large extent, has few good Ports, by reafon of thefmall IJlands and Rocks that inviron it, and the Gulf of Maelftroom which fwallows and endangers all the Ships that come nigh it. Herhinius tells us, that this Northern Cbaribdts or For ago, by the Inhabitants Moskeftroom, is forty miles in extent. Kir^ c/&«r faith 'tis thirteen miles in Circumference; that it hath a motion afcending and defcending fix hours, by fucking in waters, and as many throwing them forth again. That part which lyes toward the Pole, is full of Forefts and Mountains, wherein there arcfomefew Mines of Copper and Iron. In the year ^646, w ^ difcovered near Opfiow or Alijlo, a Mine of very good Gold, which gave the Inhabi- tants occafion to fay, that they had got the Northern Indies, But that Boaft endured no longer than the Mine, which prefently vaniflied for fear of being riflbd. 0/?/7o, Anjloye Gallts, the Attfloga of old, it was burnt down in the> time o^Chrtfi-iern theFourth ILingdi Denmark, and fince called C/&r/y?w- na ; 'tis a Biibop*s '^qq. Aggerbad is a Cattle near to it, full North from Seagen, th? mott Northern pomtoi Jutland. Stafanger is a Sea-Town, with a good Port, near which is t\\Q¥oxt Doe swick. There.is the Herb Ojjifraga of Norway, which (haps the bones of Cattel that tread upon it. Eaft of Drontbeim lies the Countrey of Jemperland, formerly part of Nor7vay,but was by the Treaty of Bromsbroo, Anno 164^, yielded to the Swedes, to whom it is ftill fubje£t. This Kingdom has five Governments, with as many Caflles, Bahus, Aggerhus, Bergen-b/fs, Drontbem-bus, and Ward-bus. That of Bahus, with a Cattle of the fame name upon a Rock, was delivered to the Swedes by the Treaty of Rofchtlt ; Bergbeuh the better City, the feat of the Viceroy, with a new Fort called Fredertshburg ; and ;i Port into which Veffels have an eafier entrance,and where they are fafefroni the Winds, by reafon of the high Mountains which inviron it : The Mer- chants of the H.tns'Towns have there a Houfe and a Magizine. Dron'- them, in Latin Nidrojta, the Court of the ancient Kings ofNmi^ay, is very m Of Nomtj. t« f '- ' very muuh fallen to decay, yet it ftill retains the Title of an Arclibi- fhoprfck, andthe remains of orte of thefaireft and moft magnificent • Churches of the JVbr/A. Ships ride fafe in the Harbour, Ijut they ttiuft • have very good Pilots to carry them in. Here the People make a kind of Bread of Barly-meal, and Oats, which they bake between two hollow Fiint-ftones, which Bread keeps thirty or forty years. The Nor- wegtanssxQ\\it\t fubjeift to ficknefs; and of fuch a Conftitution, that when they are in a Fever, one ftice of Bacon does them xnore good ■ than a. poached Egg : Their great inclination to Sorcery, makes them have their reputation of Selling the Winds to the Seamen. Finmark, which makes part of Lapland, advances into the Frigid Zetie, fo that day or night continues alternately for feveral Months to- gether. The Inhabitant's claim nothing of Property, but take the firft place that pleafes them; here to day, in another place to morrOw.They live upon Fifi, and Huntivg, and only pay an acknowledgment of cer- tain Skins to the King of Denmark, and carry their Filh to Berghen.ThQ C2Si\Q Qi IVardhw, with a Borough of goo Houfes, the moft Nor- thernly of the whole Continent, is in the middle of a little Ifland, where it ferves only to force the payment of cettain duties from thofe that Traffick to Arch- Avgel'm Mofcovy. The Haven is in the Wellern part of the Ifland, which Is feparated from the Land by an arm of the Sea, about a Quarter of a League broad, through which the Ships make Sail, and the places adjoining are not fo fubjed to the Ice, as other parts of the fame Sea. '-' M, . '■■"'" AstoT the Norwegians, we have not read of them in any ancient Au- thor ; both Name and Countrey feem more lately to have been given from their Northern Scituation, uniting with the Danes and Swedes; they were better known in the time of the French Empire, by the name of Normans; under which appellation in the time of CW/^/ the Sim- fk, they got the Province of Normandy conferred on RoUo the firft Duke thereof. Anno 912; afterwards fetling in their own Countrey, they were called Norwegians, from their Northern Situation ; Govern- ed by their own Kings till their final Subjugation by the D<«wZtemta, is the moft ancient in Europe, if it be true that it has had above a hun- dred ana fifty Km^r, and thit the firft among them was the Son ot . 7^^'one of the S;>ns of N.ab, Perhaps forthis ^^^jj -f V^ at the Council of Bajil a Sw:i^^ BilKop had t\p confidence to demand . ^'i!'. .*■■ ttmmmm "mi ■JC' '. >> . {\' «' 66 Of SmdeUnd, of the Prefidents the precedljncy before all the uilhops df Chri^endam. Some Hiftorians begin to reckdn the Kingsof Sweden fl-^i^i Jernmnkuj; and d^niQuftrace to ui, thattb« K\t\g6om W4$ Eledive till the Reign oiGufiavus dii Fa/ay t or Ericus^ who made it Hereditary to his Family^ iij the year 1 5-44 ; and at the fame time put down the koman-Catbolkk Religion to embrace the Lutheran Do^rine ; under this pretence of Religion, Charles the Ninth of Sudermania^ deprived his Nephew Si- ^;/w«W of his Crown, who had been the i:^tb Eledive King of P<» ' :^ iGulphSj 1. ^\nni Bo;hiicus, Hotbnx^e\x\co\WyQQM^^eBoddeiJj,${i lis. 2* Sinus Finmctts, ivn^itr^&irelncolis Golfe, di Finms GaUis« 1 -» *'? 'i. : t ' • ^f." .: !l :\. Of ■MM tfi ^■■^■■■P * i \ \ mmmmm. 7l y A' '■^^,^&>-- Of Mufcovy. !-■:;>■ i.. "^f^"'^'-:^":! '^i'-'' f •■ mr- 'Py- ?'5- Mof wwILrP"'-P"i^^2 the name of a Province fo called, itsNam«S^h/^-^'''^" '^' chief Cir, which hath communicated Its Name toall thy>rcvinces under the Dominion of the Grand Czar, r-r or .A- -' ,5 Of Muftovy^ 8fC. " 73 or Tistfr. This Country is a part of the Europian Satrnatia, or Scjthia ; called alfo Ruffut Mba, or tlie Great Rujfta, whofe ancient Inhabitants were thp Rbuteni, or the Roxolani of P/o/. the R#, of Cedren^ The Bafierna Tacit, tefte Willich. From thence fome think it called l?«^ars Palace is a fair Church, built after the Model of the Temple of Jerujalem, from whence it is fo called; near to which is the greit Market for all Wares and Merchandizes. Volodmere, the Refidence of the Prince be- fore Mufco was, lies in the moil fertile part of all Mufcovy, defended by a Caftle. The Riveis of Mufco and Qua are thofe whcreb)' the Merchants convey their Good to thei'o Igj. Little Novc" gr-odt ^ yr ^rode U the laft Village in Europe, towards the Eaft; Pleskou is well Fortified, as being the Bulwark againft the PoUr and SweJef, Novo^ grade tbt Great, has been oneofthefour Magazines of the Hans Tawni^ and a Town fo Rich and Potent, that the Inhabitants were wont to fay, Pf%o can withff'andGod, and great Novo^orod ? But in the year i f 77, the Great Duke Ivan Vafilawitz. took it, and carried away, (as 'tis reported^ a hundred Wagons laden with Gold and Silver j yet it is ftill a Town of great Trade ; in the year 161 1, it was taken by the Swidifh General font us dela Gardie; and in the year 161;, redelivered to the Tz.ar of Mi*jcovy upon the Articles of Peace. Pleskou is the only Walled City. SmolenskoUs. place of great flrength. Petzora is fenced with Mountains. IVorotin is defended with a Caftle. Archangel is the Staple of all Mufcovy, by reafon of its Haven: The Duties paid at coming in, and going out, anfount to above fix hundred thouf^nd Crowns a year. The Evglijh were the firft that began to (end their Ships thither ; fince, they have been followed by other Nations of Europe, Formerly the Trade of A/«/wx(j^ was driven by pafling through the Sound, and putting in at Nerva ; but the great Impofitions put upon the Merchandizes by the Princes through whole Countries they Were to pafs, made them forfake that place. Rezan was the place that held out when the Tartars had taken Mofcow ; the Gover- nour whereofi when he had got the Original of the Articles of the Treaty Signed by the Grand Cz,ar, from the Tartarian General, refu- fed to furrcnder the Town, or deliver back the fchedule j which was the occ?fion of the Tartars overthrow, and the recovery of Mofcovy, and fbi; taking of Cafan Afiracan, &c. St. Nicholas alfo drives a great Trade at the entry of the Davine. Thefe are the only places that be- long to the Grand Duke upon the Ocean. Troitza near Mofcov, is the mott beautiful Convent in all Adufcovir whither the Grand 7'z.arsdo nfually go in Pilgrimage twice every year. Colmogorod'xs renowned for the Fairs that are kept there in Winter time : The Dwvme bears great Veffels to that pKice fo called. Oufhong is in the middle of the Coun- trey ; where it drives a good Trade, as being Seated in a place where two Rivers meet. Befides the White Sea is full of Shoals and Rocks at the entry into it, and then the Snows melting, and the Torrents fwelling in the Spring-time, carry the Water with fuch animpetuofi- ty, that Ships can hardly get in ; however there is great (lore of Sal- • mon caught there. Kola and Petz^mkam Lapland receive Trading Vef- 'fels. Twer, Permie, Refchowa^ Bielk- Jarojlaw^ Ri^ifhow, Sufdal, Bie- lejezero, U/linga^ &c. bear the fame name with their Provinces. "^ As S an< an( Ru at Lei A OfMufcovy^ Zic, ^j- ^ As for the Conquefts of the Great Duke in jifiatu^Tattary, th® principal places are Afiman and Cajvn^ which bear the Titles of King- doms, befides Zavolha, and Nagais. Cafan is a great City, with Walls and Towers of Wood, feated upon a Hill. 'Tis Inhabited by Ruffians and Tartars, but the Citddal is Walled with Stone, and kept oniyhy Ruffians ; Afiracan was formerly the Seat of the Nagayan Tartars^ it lies at the mouth of the River Volgay in the Ifland Delgoy^ yo Dutch Leagues from the Cafpian Sea ; 'tis environed with a ftrong Stone-wall, upon which are feated yoo Brafs Cannon, befides a ftrong Garifon. Its many Towers and lofty Piles of Buildings, makes a noble Profped. 'Tis a place of great Traffick, efpecially for Silk. In this Countrey grows the plant Zoophyte, that refembles a Lamb, it devours all the Herbs round about the Root ; ^nd if it be cut, it yields a liquor as red as blood : the Wolves devour it as greedily, as if it were Mutton. Lo- comoria towards the Obiy is fnllabited by People who, they fay, are Fro- zen up fix months in the year, becaufe they live in Tents environed with Snow, and never ftir forth till it be melted. They are broad fa- ced, with little eyes, their Heads on one fide, and bigger than the proportion of their Bodies requires j fliort Legs, and Feet extremely big. Thus they appear clad in Skins, with a piece of Wood inflead of Shooes, thefe Skins they wear in the Winter, with the hairy fides in- ward ; in Summer, with the hair outward ; to few them, they make ufeof the fmall bone^ of Fifh, and the Nerves of Be^fts inftead of Needles and Thread ; they are the beft Archers in the world. The Fingoefes exprefs their thoughts better by their throats than by their tongues. Thefe Countries goall under theName of 5/^frw,a Province which affords the faireft and the richeft Furrs, and whither the Lords in difgrace are banifh'd. The River Pe/iJa bounds it ; for no man dares go beyond it,tho Horfes and feveral other things have been feen, which make us believe that h is as confiderable as Cathay j which can- not be far from it. ;i\ Here is one Pat iarch, four ArchbilKopricks, eighteen Bifhops, and no Univerfity. This Countrey hath many Lake^, viz, Ladoga^ Onega, Biela'Ofera, Refanskoy'Oferay &c. Imamw-Oftra, the Source of the River Don. The molt Renowned Foreft is that of Epipbanow. Its Mountains are thofe oi Camenopoii^ or Stolp^ that is, the Pi'lars of the World bd^*^? tween thtDuvine and the Oby, faid to be the Ancient Riphean Moun- " tains. . J -. ' . * ^.> ''- -, --.•-.:•.. V. " (-' ■■ ■■■ ■••■ .;. .:^ ^f Of Poland "'T^' ! I f>,, Teknia, Hifpanu, & baits. La Pologne, Ga$t. PolanJ, Anglis, Tdkskd, ToUs, t)ic PoUn, Gtrmanh, ^ -> lU, ' l l * ■■■i.fc..— "^ Il»«- f I ' ll i.... , <•• POLONIJ, or Po7W, which was formerly but a p. t of Sar- matia, is flow a Kingdom of as large extent as any In ^arope. It is an aggregate Bodv, conliftingof many diftind Province 5, United into one Eltate, of which Poland being the Chief hath given Name to Of PaUnl V ^^ the re((. It is Soo miles in length, and the breadth comprehending Li- *uoriia^ IS almoft as much. According totheJV//fcand Bohemian Hiftorians, they were, with the Bohemians, originally Croat ians, defcended from the Sclaves jUnd brought into thefe parts by Xechus and Lechus, two Brethren BanMht out ot their own Countrey. But this is refuted by Crowerus. The more general opinion is, that they were Sarmatians, who upon tha depar- ture of the German Nation towards the Roman Frontiers, flock'd hi- ther, and by reafon of their common Language, or mixture with the Sclavesof Illjricum, thus accounted ; and being united in the common Name of Selaves, fetled in that part which we now call FoLwil j the Eftate hereof being much improved by the Gonqueftof many^rfrw^i- tian Counties. But whether Zechus and Lechus, the Founders of the two Nations, by i\\ Hiftorians, were Strangers or Native Inhabitants, is uncertain, (ince all ancient hillory is filcnt herein. The time when thefe (bould arrive here, according to Hiftorian reports, was Anno 649, under Lechus, a time indeed near Unto the general fiittings of the Barbarous and Northern Nations, and therefore the more proba< ble. Poland has for many ages been a diftinA Sovereignty. The firft that was Eledlive, was ?ia(im, (after the failure of the former Line) a plain Countrey- man, ele the two Nations. To him fucceeded UladiJJaus; famous for ihe memorable Vidlory againft the Mufcovites befieging. Smolensko, Annoi6^^. K.\ngCafimcr fucceeded 1648. in whofe time the Kingdoms became extremely imbroiled by Factions, efpecially by the mutinous and feditious Colfacks, and Confederate Nobles under Lubomirsky, and Foreign Enemies ; fo that weary of his Crown, he laid it down, not obtaining leave to nominate his Succeflbr. After M \o:\z ^■. Of Poldnd. long Contentions they chofe Michael fViefmwiski i66^. The prefent King is John Sobielski, renowned for the Relief of Fienna, His . Revenue is computed to be 600000 Crowns per Annum, ariflnc; from , 5-wina, the Rubo of Ptol Duna, empty themfelves into the Baltick, The Bory-* _ fhenes, Ari^. &c. Naparis Herod, Dnieper Decio. Brifna Leunel. Berefina Pufer & Eberficnio, Dnefier & Nefier Cromero, Nieper Mer. Clwver, Brief, .. The Bogg, Hypanis Arifi, Herod. Plin. &c. And the Niefter, the Tyros of Herod, Ptol. Tjra of Strab. & Plin. now the Nefier, or Niefier, Tejit Cromer, & Ekrjlin, Thefe empty themfelves into the Black Sea. The Vi/fttla runs by very fair Cities, but the mouths of Boryfihenes are under the Jurifdidion of the Turks, who in the Year 1672 took the Ukraine into his Protedion, having fubdued all Podolia, after the Surrender of the Fortrefs Kamieniek. This Kingdom is Ble<5live, being tte only ' place in Europe where the People at this day freely retain and pradlfe the Privilege to £le(5l their King ; yet the next of the Blood-royal commonly Succeeds. The Crovernment is an Ariftocratical Monarchy, where the Sena<^ . tors have'fo much Authority, that when we name the Quality of th©. State, we may call it the Kingdom and Commonwealth or Poland, The Senate is compofed of Archbijhops, Bijhops, Palatines, Principal : Cafiellains, and Great Officers of the Kingdom, The Prince, like thot King of Bees, or a Royal Shadow, canot a fid^vQd, that never any one attempted againft the Life of any of iiis^^ f fedeceiTois,. Xhek Kings were more anciently Free and Soveraign ^ hut Of PoUni. P^; 'but by the common calamity of Eledive States, now berefc of Royal Right and Prerogatives, having limited power, governing according to the ftrift Laws and Diredions of the Council and Diet, who folely have full liberty to confult of, and determine the main Affairs of the Kingdom : Thefe are of two forts, i. The Senate aforefaid: 2. The General Diets, which are compofed of the Orders aforefaid,of the Se- nate or Council, and of the Delegates of each Province, and chiefer City, fent in the Name of the reft of the Nobility . Thefe are for the more high and important bufinefs of Republick Kingdoms, not de- terminable by the Senate. Warfaii) or Farfoviay is ufually the place of Ele^ion ; and Crakoiv, or Cracov'tay that of the Coronation. The Archbifhop of Guefna, Pri- mate of the Kingdom, Crowns the King, and has almoft all the Au- thority during the Intenegnumi for then he prefides in the Senate^ and gives Audience to AmbaJJ'adors. He alfo contefts with the Cardinals for precedency ; and therefore there are few in Voland, His Revenue is above 1 5*0000 Livres a year. The Kingdom has ;hree Orders ; the Churchy the Nobilityy and the Third Eftate, which comprehends all thofe which are not of the Nobility Though all forts of Religions are hereto be found, yet the Roman Cathokck ismoft predominant; therefore the Clergy are next in Supe- riority ro the King ; and then the Palatines and Ca/hlianis. Written fixed Laws they have but a few, if any ; Guftom and Temporary Edicts be- ing the Rule both of their Government and Obedience. The Polanders wear long Garments, {have their Hair upon the Chin, and leave only one tuft of Hair upon their Heads, in remembrance of Cafimer the Firft, whom they fetched out of a Monaftery to be their King. They are generally handfome , tall , well proportioned ; good Soldiers, and Ipeak the Latin Tongue very fluently. The Gen- try are more Prodigal than Liberal; Coftly in their apparel, Delici- ous in their Diet ; very free and liberal ; but the Peafants no better than Slaves. The Abfolute Power they pretend to, and ill Ufages of the Nobles towards the Commonalty, and Feuds one with another, was certainly thecaufe of the Revolt of the Coffacks, and produced all the Diforders in the KingdorK. Their Cavalry is very confiderable ; in- fomuch, that if they were but united, they might be able to bring in- to the Field above an : noo Horfe. The Confidence they have therein, and their Fear to i ider a Knight ox a. Burgher too Potent, has made them negled foi^lfyif g their Towns. Their Horfes are of a middle fize, hut quick anJ li ely ; pompoufly harnelTed in Silk, Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones. Their Weapons are generally a Scymt- M 2 tar^ ■ II n! trWiWH ijli^lgl^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) / ^ // ^ ^ /- ^ id. 1.0 I.I M IM 1.8 1.25 il.4 IIIIII.6 v] ^ / 'c^l ■c*! #^ ''V' o m. ///. m. / Photographic Sdences Corporation 4^U V "<*) V 23 W6:;T main STREIEI WEBSTER, iS"*. '>30 (716) 872-4503 rrw- 84 Of PoUnd, taty iSwor^, SutteUJx^ Carhine, Bcws and Arrows. The C&Jfacks had always a peculiar Difciplinein War, though they were the fame Na- tion. At firft, they were Voluntiers that made Incurfions upon..the Turk and tartars. ' King Bathors reduced them into a Body, and joined to thejn two thoufand Horfe, to whom he affigned tlie fourth part of his Revenue. Their habitations are in the lower parts of Volh'mta and Podolia, which they call the Uk,ai»e ; which Country is the beft peopled, and the moft Fertile in all PoJane/. There are other CoJJ^cks that live in the IJIanJt of the Boryjihemsj which is not Navigable, by reafon of the Falls, which they call Forowis. Their Cuftom was for- merly to put to Sea with feveral flight Veflfels, and to plunder the Territories of the Great Turk that lie upon the Black Sea. Some years fince, thefe People Revolted, notwithftanding the Lot which was of- fered them of Kudack upon the Boryftbents, and began the misfortunes of the Kingdom ; for they leagued themfelvcs with the LelTer Tartars, ;ind put themfelves into the Great Turk^i Protcdlion : Infomuch that we may fafely fay, That thelnvafion of the Swedes , the Hoftilities of the Mufcovites, the Irruption of the Tranfyhanians, the Treachery of the Coff'acks, the Rebellion of whole Armies in Poland Sindi Lithuaniay the diffecent FaBions of the Kingdom, the Contefts of the Neighbouring Nations, gave a cruel Blow to this CroWn, and were the caufes that moved the Great Turk to make War upon them. • ,' : Poland contains Ten great Divifions; four to the Weft, and upon i^zVifiula'. Poland, M(i4,6via, Cujavia, and Pr«^<« the Royal. Six to* ward the Eaft ; and to the Weft of Bory^henes, Lithuania, Santogitia, Tolaquia, Nigra RuJJia, Volhinia, and PodoUa. Thefe Provinces have beengained» for the moft part, either by Arms, or Alliances. They are divided into Palatinates, the Palatinates into CafieUains, and the Ca-^ ^ellains into Captainfliips. They call the Government of places Staro^ Jlies. Befides thefe Provinces, there is one part of* Mufcovia, whicli. was yielded to the Mufcovite in the Year 1634. after that Ladi-^ Jlam the Fourth, before he was King, had the year before valiantly relieved Smolemko, and reduced to utmoft Extremity an Army of an> hundred thoM^and Mufcovites, who were conftrained to ask him pardon to fave their Lives. That Treaty which they call the Treaty of FiaJ^ ma, gained to Poland, Smolmsko, Novogrodeck, Sevier ki : Czernihou,. and other places. The Truce for thirteen years, beginning February. j66'j., leaves the Grand Duke of Mufcovy in the poffeflion of Smolen- sko ; as alfo of that part of the Ukraine, to the Eaft of Boryfihene', and' W-gain'd to the Crown of Poland, Dunenkurg, Poloczk and fVttepsk, ^tiCtil PfuJJitt, or BorttJJia ( where (lands Konigsherg, or Mens Regius, a, fait vm wmmmmmmm OfFohnL I) »■•■•■'■* fair City, Univcrfity, and Ma:t) generally by our Seamen calledijiit?^^- hiyrD-)i-<, belongs to the EleAor of Brandtnhwrgh^ who is abfblute Sove«» reign of it, independent from Volani. The City is fo much the bigger, becaufe it inclofeth two others within the fame circuit of Walls. P/- tavia^ Pitan, and Memeliuttif Aiemel, ire two Forts upon the Sea, of the greateft concernment of any in that Dominion. Curlandisa, Duke- dom, for which the Duke, of the Houfe^ Ketler^ does homage to the Crown : Kis Refidenceis at Mitaiv, the chief of the Province of Sfwi- getllia in Livonui\ near this City Zer^esky, the Po/i/fc General, and I,«- bertnisky the Great Chancellor, vanquifhed thoSv^eJifij Army, and kil- ' led 14000 upon the place. And FinJaw was the Seat of the great . Mafter of the Teutonick Order. Poland, the beft Peopled, is divided into Upper and Lower, The Higher or Little Poland, contains three Palatines, i;/2i. Crakovf, Sando^ mira and Lublin. Cracovia, or Crakow, the chief City in all Poland, where the Kings s^nd Queent^re Crowned, is inhabited by a great number of Gerw^w^, Jetvs, and //^z/mw, encompaffed with two ftrong Walls of Stone ; on the Eaft-fide is the King's Caftlei, on the Weft a Chappel, where the Kings are Interred. Upon the Confines of'Sile- fia ftands the City of Cz.entocho'iv, with the Cloyfter oiNofire-dame of Chrmont ; an extraordinary ftrong place, and which the Swedes be- fieged in vain twice, in the Year. 165'y, and i6y6. Sandemiria, or Sendomier.z,,*si Walled Town and Caftle upon a Hill. Lublin, ovLul^ linuwy is a Walled Town, with a ftrong Caftle environed with Waters and Marifties. Here are held three, great Fairs at the Feafts of Pente- cojl^ St. Simon and St. Jitde, and at Candlemas, and much reforted un- to by Merchants. The Lower Poland, though leffer than the Higher, is neverthelefs called Great Pokijd ^ becaufe it is more a. part of tha Kingdom than the other, and.contains eight Palatinates, viz,, Pofna, Kalifh, Ploczko, LyobrzWf Cujavia, Rava, Lancicia and Stradia. The Ci- ty of Guefna there Seated, in the Palatine of Kalijlj, is very Ancient, and the Seat- of the firft Kings, fo called from an Eagle's Neft, which was found there while it was building, and which gave occafioh to the King of Poland to bear Gules, an Eagle Argent Crown'd, Beak'd and armed Or, bound under the Wings with a Ribband of the fams.*. Kalifchy Calif a, is a Walled Town upon the Projna, naming the Coun-, try. The Province of Mazovia only has above thirty or forty thou- fand Gentlemen, the moil: part Cat hoicks^ Warfovia, IVar/a-w, is the Capital thereof, and of the whole Kingdom,. in regard the General Died are kept there, and becaufe its Gallic is the King's Court. Cz,er,'- ko is the Palatiivatc. In Cujavia (lands t\v2 C\t)' UlaJiJlau, where the iIoi.lc5- i •'vkv S6 ^ OfPoUU . Houfes are built of Brick ; and the Lake Go^/^i^ out of which came the Rafs that devoured King Popiel. Pofania, or Pofeu, is a Bi/hop's See, feated amongft Hills upon the River Warfaw, fairly built of 5tone, fub- jea: to Inundations, chief of the Palatinate, [n which is alfo Miedx^yr* Aecze^ a ftrong Town upon the Borders of Schkjiay impregnably feated amongft Water? and Marflies. Kofcien, a double Walled Town a- mongft dirty Marihes. Siradiay SiraJ, a Walled Town and Caftle leatec upon the River J^alfaw, naming the Country ; fometiraes a Dukedom belonging to the fecond Sons of the Kings of Poland, Lan* cicia, Lancitz.y a Walled Town with a Caftle mounted on a Rock, up- on the River Bfura, Rava, built all of Wood, with a Caftle naming the Palatinate. Ploczkosin^. Dohrizin, are two Palatinates on the other fide of the Nieper. In PruJ]^a Rojal, which belongs to the King of Po- land, are feveral Cities, which the Knights of the Teutmick Order built: The Lakes and the Sea-Coaft afford great ftore of Amber. Marienburgh, Mariaburgumjt is a ftrong Town, where Copernicus was born ; a Town of good Trade, with a fair Wooden Bridge overTlie Fifiula. Dantzick Gedanum, one of the Capital Hans-Towns, drives all the Trade of Po' land, and has not its equal over all the Baltick Sea: Ic is a Free Town, and is priviledged to fend Deputies to the States of the Kingdom. The Kingof PoAi»3has fome Rights there upon Entry of Goods, and up- on the Cuftom. Thorn is efteemed next to Dantzkk, and Culm is con* fiderable. The City of Elbing contends for Priority in the States of PruJJia ; it is a fair City , and well frequented by EngUfh Merchants. The Generous Refolution of the Towns- men to maintain the Autho- rity of their King againft ih& Swedes, without accepting the Neutrality, was the prefervatioft of the whole Kingdom, Lithuania is the greateft Province of all thofe which compofe the Eftates of the Crown of Poland, It received the Chriftian Religion 1589. now united to Poland 1466. It has the Title of a Grand Dukedom, wherein there are alfo to this day as many great Officers as in the Kingdom of Poland, The Country is fo full of Marflies and Sloughs, that there is no travelling in Winter for the Ice. Vikay the Capital City, inclofes fo many forts of Religions, that thereis no Ci- ty in the World where God is worfliiped after fo many different ways, unlefs in Amfierdam ; a Liberty too much allowed in moft parts of Chriftendom but raratemporum f elicit as. There are alio in Lithuania eight parts or Palatinates, 'viz. Brejlaw, Minfco, Mfcizlaw, Novezrodeek, Poloczk. Troki, Vtlna and ffitepsk^ as alfo the Dutch) of Smolensko, No- vogradecky Czsrnihou, with the Territories of Rohaczow and Rzeczych, and Sluczk, whole chief places bears the fame name; other chief places » t Of va*»i. «7 (• t places of Note in Lithuania yoa may find in the Map. Samogitia is a Country where the Inhabitants live very poorly ; it hath no Palati- nate, but its chief places are Rojunne, whofe Houles are built of Mudjand Straw-walls,fe/05 iSa& Tartars i6i;. and faid to be taken by the Turks in the War 1678. In Podolia flands the well-fortified and Impregnable Kamie» niek, oUni Clepidava tefte Cleaver^ which hasformerly withftood the Ar- mies of the Turks, the Leffer farters, the Tranjyhanians, and the ?^- lacbians ; but at length was forced to yield to the Power of the Grand Signior, in the Year 1 672. fince re-taken by the Poles, but by the laft Treaty delivered to the Turks ; as is alfo Oczakow, thQAxiace oiStrab. Plin, & Ptol. 1684. theFortrefsof jF<»/7ow/;einPor he charged another party, killed a great number, and gota confidera* ble Booty. And afterwards having got more Recruit, he joined Bat* sel with them, and Cew xzoo on the plac^ gave liberty to 140a ChriiUaos^ ^i ■yxifii fr^ "WlUfWli"' ' ' ■^11, jiiiii.jijn^i!imi^ni S9 Of PoUnd. Chriftians, took divers oF their Commanders, with their Bag and Baggage, with much Gold and Silver in Plate and Money. 1624. Forty thoufand Horfe of Tartars enters into PoJolia, and made Incurfions as far as Socal ; but at Rurfiinow were overthrown, thirty thoufand flain, and two thoufand Prisoners taken, thegreatefl: defeat that was ever given to the Tartars, ^« '^ v «*- y-^^- . > Upon a Hill between 3>r River and Cbojin, Anno 1684. the Turks and Tartars being 60000 under a fi^j^, received agreatlofsby Konis» f»o/as/titbe Tolijh General, with ijoo Horfe. Here are reckoned 4 Archbifhopricks, 24 Bifliopricks, and ^ Uni- verfities. Its chief Lakes are GoblaBeyfasy and Briale, Its chief Moun- tains are t\it Carpathian m\\% dividing this Country from HMng^r), Tranfj/hania, and Moldavia, s>^*^ ■': IJi» •%¥'• * mmi H^fi^mmm'^ ' ■viiVRSRi^pmnif' TH £ Lefertarfary which lies in Europe,is (b called to diftingulfti it from the Gr4»r. .S/r<7^0 calls it the Scy- tbian Cberfonef/tr, P Imy CiUs it the Ten'mJulaoit^ieTamians, ApftariHS calleth it the PontickCberfonefus, And P. Diaconus calletii itCberJenefa, The JViigtf/i 74rf« i n r^iius 'Mz---. mm. I .iff II n ■qi;PP«Hli^l|I.IW«IIJ|l, M SfP Tki Itffif T4Pf4n. .V Talus Maotis is by the 7»rifci called Baluck Denguis, th^t \i, Mare Tij^ tium^ for 'tis incredible what a number of FiHi is caught in that Lake. And 'tis reported that they ufually taikjFifh there, which weigh eight or nine hundredpounds^andof which they make three or 400 weight of Caveer. Their Fifliing lafts from Oiiohtf to April The Waters do not rife or fall, though it partakes of the Hiver 74 From the Channel of Pahs Mrotis to Minffrtlia 'tis reckoned 600 miles along the Coaft, which Confift of pleaunt Mountains, covered vvith Woods, Inhabited by the Circaffiam; by the TWA/ called C/&«r;(i; by the Ancients, Zageans ; by ?,Melaj Sargacianf, a Country reckon- ed by the Turks not worth the Conquering, nor the charge of keep* Mig. The Commodities that the Turks enehsLtigQ for with the Inhabitants, are Slaves, Honey, Wax, Leather, Chacal-skins, a Beaft like a Pox, but bigger ; ;|nd Zerdavas, which is a Fur that r>efembles a Aiartm, with • the Furs of other Beafts that breed in the Circajfan Mountains. The Cberks are a people altogether Savage, of no Religion, unfaithful and f erfidious. They live in Wooden Huts, and go almoft naked. And the Women till and manure theGround. They are fworn Enemies to thofe that live next to them, and make Slaves one of another. They live upon a kind of Pafte made of a very fmall Grain like to a Miller. But of this Country little is known to us; and what is difcovered, is by means of the Slaves that are brought from, thence into Turky, who are in a manner Savages, from whom nothing of certainty is to be expeded. Crim Tartary. is a Teninfula about 2co miles in length, and 5*0 in breadth, wonderfully populous, and exceeding fruitful, abounding in Corn and Grafs, but Wood and Fuel is Icarce. The Towns oa the Sea- fide are Precopy Lus Iowa, Mancup, Crini, Caffa, Kers, and Arhot ka, vfhich lies between the Blaek and Maoton or Ratten Seas, near to which is a great Field jo mile long, enclofed with water, where theTarrd ftands upon the Neiper, in former times there dwelt in it two Brothers hgul and Ungul ^ who falling atvariance> and that end- ing in cruel Wars, the whole Country adjacent (though pleafant and fruitful ), became a Wildernefs, and now lietb walte, being avail Defart, i \ w '',:'lr.> Thitiffef Tiff try* ^ t)efartj |o^ milcioref, and a thoufafid miles long, from f^ff^^pamo - the Coufttfy of Mufi^jr, • - ^ •,:; : ;. . Caffa, known to the Ancienrt by the haftieof TbeoJofia, is a g«it ToWHi and place of good Trade^ wherein are reckoned 4000 Houfds, 3000 inhaWied by Mahometans, Turks and Tartars, about J 000 fa- milies of Armenians, and Greeks, who have their feveral Bllhops and Churches, that of St. Vettr's Is the biggeft. but fallen to decay ; every Chriftian above 1 y years of Age pays a Piafter and half Tribute to the Grand SigniOr, who is Lord of the City ; which is guarded with two Caftles, the Caflle apon the South-fide commands all the parts, and is the Refidence of the BafTa. t'rovifions of all forts are very good and cheap^ Their chief Trade is Salt-fif), Caveer, Com, Butter and Salt, Formerly poiTeiTed by the Gehdtfe, but taken by Mahofiiet the Great 1574. hath fince been fubjeA to the Turks. In 1627^ it Was befiegedand raken by the Cdjfacks, 750 miles reckoned from Confiantinopte. Trecof, in Latin Frecofia, feated neat the place whtfre ftood the Eu- feterea of the Ancients. ^By the Ancient Greeks called Eupatoria, Pom- feicpolis, Saeer Luctts, Dromon Achtllif, Gracida Hefaclia, BakeJJ'y >Serai, , ot Bfijho Serf ail, is the Refidence or Court of the prefent kans of Tar» tary, Maneup is a ftrong Town where the Kan is faid to keep his Treafiiry. . Girm^H or Cr/m was the ancient Seat of the Kans, fuppofed to be thtTapbra of ?lii»y^ Of Tapbras oi Ftohmy, Once a famous Colony of the Greciant, Kers, ftands upori the Eoffhofus Cimerius, or the ftrait of Capfja, tlot far from the fantkaf^tttrs of the Ancients. Oczakou is fcituaced near the inlhsst of the great River Boryfibenes, built in or near the place oiGlUa. Tanas, or Tanais of Ttolomy, fcituate 20 miles from the mouth of that River, is the laft City in Europe, now fubjeft td the Turks, who have there aGarilbn, and by them called Az,ac, ot Aza>w, 4p miles from Caffa, and 1500 from Confiatitinople, In- 1637. it wasbefieged and taken by the Mufcwites zmCoj]'acks, In the Year 1641. it was not recovered, though with much blood and flatighter of the Army of Sultan Ibrahim \ for itcoft 2000 Spabees, 7000 Janijaries, and 8000 other Soldiers, befides MoUaviarfs, ^alacBians, and Tartars, and yet the Turks were forced to raife the Siege, and return home. However the next year it was abandoned by the Cofacks, and left a fad fpedtacle c^ defpair and ruin* Sinc€ taken by the Cz.ar of Mufcovy. N.* The ^=;fP^ *.ii I'- gti ' - gs ■ . . ■« » - ««ii «> l I . ^^; mmm ^if^ ^x The Leffer TATtirf. The ancientlnhabitants of the E«ropf and confirmed by the Grand Si^nior, who have always taken upon them a power to Depofe the Father, and Conttitute the Son, or next of that liineage, when found remifs in affording their Auxiliary helps to the War, or guilty ofan^ di&efpe^^ or wane of Duty to the Otto* - The Tartars areEfteemcdas Brothers,ornear Allies with the Turks, to whom, for want of Heirs Male in the Ottoman Line, the TurkijhEm'- pire is by an Ancient Compad); to defcend ; the Expetftation of which ' doth keep the Tartars ia mud^ Obfervance, in-hQpes one day to be Lords of the World. " ■; ', . In the Year 1663, *^® Tartars called to the Afliftance of the Turks, made fuch Incurfions into Hungary, Moravia, and SiUfia, Sacking and Burning Cities and Towns, that they carried away 160000 Captivetf^ wliich they Sell to thft Turks, who go thither to Trade for this Mer-^ chandiz^, which is the moft profitable Commodity that T^rr^f^ affords; Young Boys and Girls are rated at the higheft price ; the l$tter> if- beautiful are , like Jewels, held at unknown Value, thougUfewof them efcape the Luft of the Tartars, .They live very hardly, and feed efpecially on Horf^fleffi, which dying in their march, they never exa- mine his Difeafe, but putting the Flelh under their Saddles^ baking it' between the heat of the Hor(e and the Man^ it is judged fufficiently prepared, a Di(h fit for their Prince. And as the poorer fort are nourifhed with a diet of raw Fieib, Herbs, and Roots, fuch as the Earth naturally produces, without the^ Concodion of Fire to prepare it for their Stomacks ; fo alfo their Hor- fes are of a hardy Breed, patient of Hunger and- Cold, living ufuaU ly upon Roots and Leaves of Trees. Their. Towns or Villages confift of Huts rather tban-Houfes, or HurMes made of flicks, and covered with a courfe Hair-cloath, o£i which Villages there are accounted 200000; fo that taking^one maa - .,...„/ / ,.;..--v.-: out < i ■%./?; ■■7-i':-^'- -^^ ^^i mm mm mm The LefferTdrtntf. .^ ^_ 9)' crat of every Village, they quickly form an Army of fo many Fight- ing men. Thefe Portative Houfes, whjth they-caHCai»;r tricks, no excufes, or prolonging matters by delays ; for the . ; ■ - meanife' V" h. S4 TbeLeJferTMrtify4 tnwitR of them, luyi ftnngen^ do freely declare their own wrongs and grievances betbce thefidges, ^ad ^hie Ci64» Jiimielf, by whom theyarequlcklyhMrdaoddi^tched. They inftruft their Sons when young, in the Arabick Language; when they come to ripenefsof years, they ferve the Cbsn or the SuUtttit \ and when their Daughters are Marriageable^ they marry them to fonie of cheXhtef tartars or Turks. The Richeft of the Tartars in tlte Princes Court, eo civilly anfl decent in their Apparel, not for Oftentation and Pride, but as Neceflity and Decency requires. Their Judges,acCording to Mabamet'i Law, are a(;counted Spiritual men, and of undoubted. Equity, Inte- grity, and Faithfulnedu And when the Chan goeth abiX)ad in publick, the pooreft men may have accefs unto him ; who when he fees them, will examine whi^c their wantsand necefltties are, and whence they do arjfo. " Ifliali only add thisacconnt of Tartary, by Majfellm an Italian, Phyfician to the Grand Viz,Ur: I for my part found Tartary a very pleafant Countrey, plentiful of all ProviHons, and the people much more courteous and oblhging to ftrangers and Chriftians, than the Turks are. That as to their Morals few Nations i,:z lefs vicious, being extremely (evere and faithfiil, having no Thieves, ut falfe WitneiTes amongll them, little injuftice or violence, ahd live together in union and peace. And that the captive Tartars in Poland ue very faithful and juft in whatfoever they promile, or are intcufted with. > > ■ \ *. • . ■ » , r . . . . '• i 4. « ^ .'■ ■ ■: • •iV, .'_'..■ • r ■ * 9 r r ■■ '■ ' J ^ / .. •. •'. 9f ■■: .■lV-?.-'<'.i Of • i y cf" / ^ J Honey _ Walwhla on this fide chs Mountains. It is very Rich in loney anij V^^i!, 6?r which the Tenths of the Prince amount Year- ly to abo)^.,^ooooo Cix^wns. You ihall meet with feveral Heaps of ttones wlnchtbey reportlahave be«i caft up by DariMs^ King of Ter^ fia, when he made War againft the ScpLiafts. The Capital Cities thereof are, Jajp, or JaJJum. the chief Town for Wealth andTrade. L.ti*^>««« mm aaasB! f fiim "w, fff' » <^^ ssmK ■iMiiPlPpiiP ■m 'fpp %, ( i ■^■ «.'^. ■''■ «. ^-' " J «,■■■: 9<5 ^ [ofWAlaM^: 2. Soczova, Sotz,ow, & 5f#l&2S0i^ wjistbe Stteiiavo of Pw?. c^ ^»/. the Vaivod's S^. ^, ChotM^An, ;4r(»h'.?hr. Baud, a place of great ftrength near the K?/y?^^JIna dhe or^m^^ the Q>untrey; the place where the Poles were defeated under King Sigifmund Augufim ; and where King John Sobietski, a little before his Eledion, won the mod memorable Vidory in our Age. This Countrey was firft made a Tutkifi Province by Mahomet the great, An, i ^74. The Eaftern part, called Bejf4rabia, lies upon the Black Sea, and bebngs to the Grand Senior, who isMafter of the Mouth of the Damw and Mf/***; and who ufes all ways imaginable to Subdue the Rich Provinces of thQ.TJkraine, Itschief places are Biokgrod, Moldavisy Beligrad Turcis,SL itrong Town near the mo^ith of the River. Kilia is thQCallatia&Cal^ Uds Jnt, , CaUt^Strak & Plin, ti^e Laz, But Laonicus tells us, that CaU Utia is now, called Calliacra. And Niger faith *ti.<; called Pandalla, on the Euxitttr Sea» Ackerman Turcis, Moncafiro IncolAs the Hernionajfa Plirf, dr Mel. the HermonaBm Ptol, tefie Nigro. Nefier Alba, Turcis tefie LeuncU Moncapro is tbcTyras of PtoLfefie Berber (li, Zotbez.avia, Nigro, a ftrong place on thefame Coafl'. The Seat «f a Turkijh Sangiac, The Plain ot Budziack, 12 Leagues long, and half as broad, is polfefTed ' by the Dobruce Tartars, y/ho are the greateft Robbers in thofefparts. They are aboutfi' foo(i^ ^P'^\y^ about Bialigrod. This Countrey became Tri- butary to the 7«rit/,ii»w 148 j** -i ■'«««A :^"- -,^'*^-i I i .*pr . ^fH-r Of l¥ A LAC HI A vSv' ^,' -■■%■: W A LAC HI A, which lies to the South-Eaft of tranjihania, and exc^ds along the Danaw, was called Walachia TranfaU pina, to diftinguiHiit from Moldavia, It was watered by a great many P/ivers. Some of the Mountains are enriched with Mines of Gold. iVnd for the Horfes, they are the beft in Europe, The Prince, who is (bmetimes called Hojfodar^ and irometinies^<»j'M'fl;'-**> '/^"no -• = «'V' ..'■.i.-'n'^i X- ■V; Of TRANSILVANIA. TRANSILV ANl A, fo called from the Hercynian Woods, and Carpathian Mountains, wherewith it is encompaffed. The Dacia Mediterranea of the Ancients, by the Romans called DaciaRtpe*>' fisy & Vannadacia ; by the Hungarians y Erdelyi called alfo Seftem Cajlra, , from the German name Siehnhrgen, by reafon of the feven Ciries or Seats which the 5«»a,o»j built there, viz, Hermenfiat, Cronjtat, Nofenfiat, Medvfifch, Schteshurg, Claufenhurg, & WeiJJenburgh. Divers Nations for- merly inhabited this Countrey ; as the Jazyges, by Pliny called Adeta- nafia ^ the Getes, Bafiernians^ Sarmatians, Gracians, Romans, Scythians, Saxons, and Hungarians. The Romans did conquer it, when the Em- peror Trajan overcame Decehalus, King of Dacia^ and reduced it into the form of f Province, calling their City Zarmizegethufa, after his own name, Ulpia Trajana. But Galienus loft it 200 years after. After the Romans, the Scythians under the Condudl of Attilla, feated them- felves in this Countrey, and built feven Cities, the names whereof are Orbay, Kyfdi, Czyck, Girgio, Marotts, Arania, and Seffi, The Saxons fucceeded the Scythians in the time oi Charles the Great, who followed the example of the Scythians, and built the feven Cities aforefaid. Laftly, the Hungarians, who mingled themfelves with the Dacians ; and afterwards, being provoked by Injuries, they conquered the whole Countrey, in the Reign oi Stephen King of Pane nia. The Mountainous part of Tranfylvania was fubdued by -Alatthias Huniades, who took Dracula their ^aivod'e or Prince, a man of un- heard of Cruelty , anci after 10 years Imprifonment, reftored him to his former place. Tranjihania is now divided into three Nations, differing both in Manners and Laws ; viz. the Cicult, or Ztkkrs, de- fcended from the Scythians, who are a fiery and Warlike kind of peo- ple, amongft whom there are no Noble, or Rufiicks, but all of them of one rank. 2. The Saxons. 3. The Hungarians, who call them- felves the Nobles of the Countrey, and have great Power and Autho- rity-over the relt. ■ \'> .or' o As '■..^i m mm ■ppw ^ Of TfMfjhtuii. .. \\ " As to the payment of Taxes and Tributes, it is divided into eighir principal Circles onDiviHons, called Chapters ; in which are contain- ed ? 6 Royal Towns, and more than 176 Towns or Villages, befides their principal Cities, which are, i. Hermanfiadt Ger. Czehen or Zekn Hung, the Cibinium & Hermanmpohs of the Ancients, yielded by the. Turks i6f9, after much Slaughter, and a ftout Refiflance ; is the Refidence of the Prince, a ftrong City, well fortified both by Art and. Nature. Waradin ^ or Gros fVardeyn, Ger. has been extraordinarily fortified by the Turks, who have there made a Magazine of Arms ever fince the Year 1660 ;but upon Jurte the ^th, 1692. after many vigorous Seiges and Attacks made by the Germans, being no longer able to hold out againft their Efforts, and defpairing of any Relief the Garifon capitulated j and upon the 5*/^. 400 Germans took polTel- fion of the Principal Pofls of the Fortrefs ; and upon June the ^b, the Turks marched out of the City, and gave entire PolTeflton to the. Germans. This properly belongs to Hungary. Cron(tat, Kronfat Germ* Brajjow vel Brajfowa Hung. BraJ/'a'W Incolis, the Patrovtffa of Ptol, Stepba- Tiopolis, Corona, & Pratoria As^ufia, Vet. is remarkable for a fair Libra*- ry, and a kind of Academy, and the moft noted Emporyof the Countrcy,(eated amougfl pleafant Mountains^and fortified with Walls, Ditches and Rampires. I^ofenfiadt, Germ. Biflritia & Bef^ereze Hung, . the Nentidiva Vet. tirnvd^v*, in Old Manufcripts ; is a pleafant and fweet Town. Claufenburgh Germ. Kolofivar Hung. Claudiopolisi Vet, Zeug- 9fia Ptol. & aliis. Befieged by the 7«r/&/, Defended by D, Retani, and Relieved by Scheniden with 6000 men, 1661. But Lazim tells us, that Zeugma is the Zazfebes, Hung, or the Mulenbach Ger. three Leagues dU. ftant from Claufenburg towards the South, feated in a pleafant Plain,. beautified with handfome Buildings, and is the Court of their Judi- cature; The firft Seat of the Saxons. Weij[embu:g, > Germ, Gyula-Feierovar, Hung, Alhajulia or Alba'CiuIia, , the Atulum of Ptol. was the ordinary Refidence of the Prince, or Vayvod of Tranfyhania. Anciently called Tarmts ; andin Trajan s time it was the Palace of King Decebalus, Varhellncolis. Gradifcb Sclavo. Vec» zol & Venecz, te[ie Lazio, is the Zarmigetbufa,or Zarmifogethufa of Ptol, &Ulp$a Trajana, Vet. Megies, or Medgis Hung, & Megefwar^ Medwlfcb Germ. Meaiefus Lat, the Pirum of Ptol. Segefuiar Incol. Scbiesburg Ger. Sciburgium Lattnis, is the Sandava of Ptol. tefie Lazio. Janova, befieged by the Grand Vizier, i6y8. and taken. The Countrey naturally abounds with Wine, Corn, Fruit, and Cattel J which the Coin of Trajan doth witnefs, in which Ceres ftood holding in her right hand the Horn of the Goat Amak.baa, which fig- nifieth .-■li Of TrunJytvMU. . .;;^ 99 •liifieth Plenty; and in her left hand a Table with this Infcription or Motto, AhmAancta Dacia, The People are much of the fame Nature with the Hungariansy to whom they have been for a long time fubjedl, %ut are Ibmewhat more iiubborn and untraceable ; andl^eak the fame Language, with fome difference in the. Dialed only. Oneof the principal Revenues of Tratffyhania confifts in Salt, which is chiefly made at for da ; from whence they fend it into Hungary by the River Marifh, There are alfo Mines of Gold and Silver, and fdmetimes great pieces of pure Gold are found in the Rivers, that need no refining : So that the Hungarians , when they poffeffed Tranfyhania, called it their Treafury. Copper is digged out of the fame Mountains that the Gold and Silver comes out * f. Steel is dig> ged and found at Cjk; Iron at Thorofco) Sulphur and Antimony are found in the Copper Mines. There are feveral forts of Religions in Tranhlvania\ for Catbolicks, Lutherans, and Calvinifts, had the freeEx- erciie of their Religion there ever fince the beginning of this Age. The two Families of Bathori and Ragotzi, have afforded this Coun- try feveral Princes : It being made aSoveraignty in the year i y 12. by John ZapoUa, by favour oiSolyman theGreaf.. Th,Q\3& Ragotz^i, who was (lain in Battel againftthe Turks, in the year 16^9, was the four- teenth Prince: He ftyl'dhimfelf. By the Grace of God, Prince of the King- dom of Tranfylvania, Lord of one fart 0/ Hungary, and Earl of the Cicu- fians. He paid Annually to the Grand Signior a Tribute of ;ooooZ)o/- lars'^ the Minifters of the Port have advanced it to five hundred thou- fand Rix-dollars. The Emperor, as King of Hungary, pretends to have the Right of Inflallation of the Prince of Tranfylvania : For the Em- peror Rodolphffs Eftablifhed Botfcai, upon Condition that the Princi- pality fhould return for defed of IfTue Male. It hath three Navigable Rivers. The Aluta or Avata, by the Hung. called Ult, by the Ger. Alth. Mavifus Strab. Marm Tacit, Maros Hung. Merifcb or Marifcb Ger. Marons Incolis, both rifing out of the CicuJcan Mountains; the firft falleth into the Danube, th^ other into the Tibtfcu.f. The third is Samris, or Samofcb, by the Ger. Thimes. It hath many Lakes and (landing Waters, which are full of excellent Fifh. It hath great Forefts, and fpacious Woods, in which are Bears, IVtld Oxen, Elkes, Harts, Leopards, Martins, Does, and White Harts. What fhould I mention the divers kind of Birds, as Eagles, Faukom, TheafantSy Partridges, Peacocks, &c. ? And why fhould I reckon the fV^^ ter-Fowl,ns Sv:ans, Buftards, PJttp^--^ &c. ? Thisfhall fuffice concerning Tranfylvania, O 2 Of mppiiUii niiiiMJi r :i 100 ,;^:^: HU NG AR I A, Lat. Ind'tginii Maghr. Slavh WagknkayGermaf: nis Hungerland, Gallis Huttgrie, Italis & Hifpanis Ongaria, now., vulgarly, but improperly, called the Panmnia of the Ancients. The ancient Inhabitants were xhQjax.iges, Metanafia oi Ptol. inclur ded within the Rivers Daww and Tiffa, and the Carpathian Mountains : Far^ of the £> afterwards it was the Seat of the Hunsy Longabards and Avaresy and laftly of the Hungarians. So called from the Hum and Jvares, a Peo- ple known by the Rapines they committed in feveral parts of Europe under AttilaonQ of their Kings, whofe mighty AAs and numerous Forces are very remarkable. He it was that over-ran moft part of Germany f and great part of Italy y that forced his way through all the Nations between him and Francey beating down all the Towns and FortrelTes before him. That compelled the Emperor Tbeodojius to buy his Peace at 6000 Pound- weight of Gold,and a yearly Tribute ; Sack- ed and burnt ey^^uilea and Milan, fought the great Battel with t/Etius the Roman General, where were ten Kings prefent, and zoooao flain. , - * ! Once a great and flourirtiing Kingdom, whofe Dominions extended as far as t\\Q Adriatick And EuxmeScA. Now divided by the Damw in- to the Upper Hungary ^ lying North of the River ; and the Lower Hungary lying towards the South, containing before the Turkijh Sub- jection, 5-4 Juridiciai Refortsor Counties, viz. Abanvivarienfis, d' Aban- vivar i. Alhen/isj d'Ekekes-Feyeruar 2. Arvenjis d'Arva, 3. Barfien- y/jdeBars4. Barz,odietjfis dtiivzoA ^. J?«f/j;f w/?^, de Bath 6. . Bibs" rienjisy de Debreczln 7. Bijlrkienfisy de Biftricz 8. Bidogenfisy de Bo- drogh 9. Cajiriferrenfisy 4q Sarwar 10. CepufievfiSy dc Czepufs 11. C/&o»ciw9^tiF(tro^FaraT Jin sinci Belgr^k4e: By this ^%%^ .TeiJJ'e comeiji 4<>wft thc^gje*^ quanr tity of Natural Sak-ftcwe tal^ea put pf the mA^y ^a\t-h^f}^$u} Hungary SLtidlTranfyhama, and carried into the adjacent and {^djgnDOunng Countries. ■ vtu ^h■^ -■.-:'■.. ^ .! ••;;■. ■^"".■m-n-^-:- 3. On the Weft-f?4e of Hungary is the River ^^ah Ant, Narabo Ttil, Now the Raah J riCmgin Styria, atid falling intofi^e^pP^vM^^ by Javarin or Rahy receivipg thf Laufnit^y Binca and Gurtz,.]^'A. confi- derable River, and famous, for in the Year. 1664, Germany was much alarmed at the raifing of the Siege at Camfa, and taking the Fort Se* rini, much more at the Turks paffage over this River Raab; but the extraordinary Valour of the Ghriltians, efpeciaUy the French, put them to a fliafneful Flight, (o that jiftcr 8000 loft upon th'^ place. neai; Saint Go/i64r J, crowding ^n heaps to pafs t(^e River> ttiejiorfe trampled upon the Foot, and the Foot throwing themfelves headlong into the water, together with the Horfe, funk down and periflied, fo that the water was died with blood, and ^he whole Rivier covered with Men, Horfe a^d Garments^, all fwimming promifcuoufly, together ; no difference We between the yaliant and the Coward^ ifh^Pobjifl^ and'the Wi(e, all being involved in the fame violence and Calamity ; fb that t{)e waters devoured a far. greater number than the Sword, 3Ji(h|lft the Grand Vifier Acbntet ftanding on the other fide of the Ri- 'tir able to ^Iford no kind of help, and as void of all Counfel^nd Rea- fon, knew not wh^re to apply a remedy ; fuch a Defeat and Diflio- nour fince the time that the O^ro«w?i Empire arrived to its greatnefs, fuCh a Slaughter and Dllgrace that it fuffered , no Stories to that time make mention of; which occafioned a Truce for 29 years between the two Empires, by which TrUcfe the Province of Zatmarindi Z^Qlcb, granted to Ragotzi, returned ag^in to the Emperor; That the Caftle of Zacbeihyd be demolilhed. That Varadin a(nd Newhaufel remain to the r»^il/. ' . : '/ ' 4. The Dravus MeU, Draus Vlin, Drabus Strab. Dravm Vtot.La Drava ItaU Le Drave Gal. Dratt hcoh Trab Hung, which arifing among the Mountains ofSaltthurg and C*r;»f^w runneth a long Courfe of about 400 miles, through Carmfbia ind Hungary, iiWeth inter the' Danube at Drazat over againft Erdaed, or ErdeT^dy, the old Teutoburgium of Ant. and ?tol. Dr. Brown tells us, that it is agoodftream as high as ViHiich, where there is a Bridge over it, and at Clagcnfart he palfed over it upon two long Woo(^en Bridges, and anifland in the middle between them. ' "' . : ,v' • ' ■■ ■/ ;•- ...•■■ "• -'•'; The -. s o ■ # ^ ^ / / ' .J ■V '•'■5^ .. / 1^ ^flmgit^. f. lite 5Utwt l^'o/. Saitt Strak in M&, Sbdim Xivt6f&^, St4itt '^ M n^^S^ttilhttiS^'Gthm L$ ^«» Gtl U $. iiobld River, arifnij^ In t^t MiHHM^i bitwtik e^mhidaPtdfCuffiiifla^ knd fweTling b)r the *cc»tfidi<*6.fmirrfy*>!rti^i^at Bn^altft, At Cminhiirgi not fer diftane from the H!a4, it was a conHderable ftream^ which afterwards fo enlarged fts to make remarkable' Iflatids, one at SiJpinQ by Zagrabla, the Other Metuhirris ac tfieWtffofclI*5tfrwii*f^. ' (5M5bon ihd North* of Jyii»|f4r; att % Rivers ariffng frotti the C«- /!|iri&/i«« Mountains, which di^db Pt^ArMf from Bu^ar/,viz, theGr'jthuh, tTiitP^^t ^f ^''i^^y ^^^^^ Stkcklus fifth, liAuaU the To in Jm§^, at Pripaty yo mlle^ from iti entrance into the hamhe ; it is a Very large River, dhd hith a hong Bridge over it. And at tYettfibin it JO. The Servitza, or brmUsi afifirtg near Vefpfmitim, ^tt^]ga$hji »)«, runneth into the \ \ •\ %i, Vdlfo pi Vulpahusycivtt which there isa'Hri(3geai,?PW<«;»^«is half a mile over^ which is To contrived as to open a pafTage for Boats and V^iflfels of Burthen topafs ; nor (hall i namet thofe already [hentioned. There is a handfome and well-con- trived Bridg at CWo/2i«. ^But that ove£th$-i>4l?^^«it £/ecAisfcarcetp te paralleil'q jby ^ny other;; Built partly , over the Dravm^ awJ partly over the Fensj wliich are often overflowed, and is five miles in length. Having Towers huilc upon it at the dliftancepf every quarter, of a mile, fupported by great Jrpes ere<5ted under it, nirieortetiin a rankunta each Ardi, and handfoniely railed on each fide. Itcoft the,7«r4t ^coooo X^llarsj,^tld fix years time to build it. That part of the Bridge £ d n G ^i :on- :cto inty th. Tiie, mta 'Mrh the ridge '^f \~ in the fet^ !r«rj^/i» wars telwpeh ^i^M// ifjclEmjp^ ai Mahomet tfie 4>4, ar^'<3 is^ow fupbucd by a, fejSdge bf '^ IK I^ats/iolnb- ^ilftotaV^fi what MojVthfcl^ .Lu;ii-ti::>;x.St,r:i; Lak«i /visi. the LaHe JJ Aw ovPlatiee, the Ww of 6|d> 'cxreii'd ]ing a great length between Vtf^inmm and the J!>r,/a uijtp thb pii^...^:^:^ \:y ,^ .,^;The^e,isJ^^o tbeJyew^^ Sea^ by thq HtmarmsXmmfX^y PKr. Pei/o. A pl^aiant t^lse, feyen German miles lofte, arid three~br6aai> in the Comn^ptii^ns of 4^;)^^ 14 Villages about j;hU Lake were burnt by the 7yA/,7tfr;^/^ and Rebellious f7<;//«^^^^ . • The Rivers and Lakes of Hungary ^re jtbun^aji^jfi Fi(hf^ J^ho Tf^fim.OT Teifff is cfte^ned tljemoft pi^Jiy Riyjer fif^f^ww^iil^^^ t|i© World, ;Tis cpmmonty ^i^ that it, jfjnfifeffvjpf jtwo parts of Wat^r, and one of Fi(h ; atid the Riyer Bodmck w))ich:r.uns iqtp the Ttkiffui as aforefaid, not far frofn Tokay iMi^oi JFuU^Fifh, thatin Sumrosr-f Ime when (he River i?[ low^ the People fay the W^wr ftn^ljs oftJFi%: diottgh the Riiyer .i^ tbifty fathom ,bro^d>'>jnd fagt« anf a half 4eep»v; Thisiexceedi*^ fertiiity foine afcrlbe ubt^^J^"^ SKUnelTlo- i^uresj^ both of m oWniftreaiii; and otheraiieeeffiohary ijoio if^:which lick. the ttiany Salt Mines under ground, ^ndfo rtiiy carry fonie prin- .ciples.of ioeCundity with th6m. The Danube . abound^th ^jth mat^y good; Fi^es, vis frQtitiyj^¥.m^^fii,\iXgt and .delicl6uStiCk &. Ant. tejh Clev. ^,$Kambria (jrCunta.aliis: By the (jermdnj^ cal led Offett, by the French Mude^ by :the .^jfitnUrJsy haliavs aud EvgliJIt, Buda 5 fo called, as fome tell us, from Buday the Brother o^ Att iky Anno Dom, 401. Others fuppofe it fo called from Budir.i, a famous Scythian People who engaged with Aitila in his famoiis Expe- dition. ' Yec others tellps it wascalled^Wif, from the fb iiia«y Re- nowned Baths in it. Tis dilhiitfrom ^f^^r^?^/^ 49 Gcrw*??; miles, ^nd from Vienna 5:4. tefie Baud, ^ ' - - ' - ( Fif ft taken from the Heathen Succeftbrs of Attila by Charles the Great79i. taken from the Hungarians by Suknn- 6ofyman, Afwc Dom, ijif.ilecoveDBd the year following by King Ftr^iwW, Brother to ••■'^- ■ ....--■• ■-'.' Pi '- ':-.■" the- ,, •• •'■' . -.'t :■': tht Etnperor CbarUi, the Fifch, who was Ele^ed King by the four Orders of the States of the Kingdom. But in the year i ^29. it was retaken by Stlyritan, and comttiitted to John Zapolia Prince of TranfyU vM$ia, An. 1^41. King Ferz/m^nK/fent' his General RoggenJorf with an Army of 40900 men, and 40, Cannon. But the Turts coming in to their AflSftance with a numerous Army, the Germans were forced to ^ raife the Siege : Whereupon the Sultan politickly feized upon the City^ fcnt the ydung Prince Sigifmund with the Princefs his Mother into Tranfylvania, and kept the Town in his own hands, and made it the Spat of a BegUrbeir b¥ Vice-Roy, whofe Authority extended over all the %mAvtsotBH^g^. In 'the Year if 42, it was befieged by joa" ebiin Elci^or of Braiidenburgh, who was forced to draw on, and quit the Siege. - if9g, or 9. Count Swartz^nhurgb befieged it, but the At- tempt mifcarried. ^nno 1601. General Rofwtrm alfo with the Impe- rial Atlfiy attacked it in vain. ■ Whdfoeter fl^fall read of theSiegesof 16R4. attd 168^. will find ^the Stbry of the thbft famdus Sieges in the World, where Blood Was -fpilt like w^ter, and many brave men found their Graves ; where the AiTailants equalling, if fioe furpafling Titm forming JerufaUm ; and 'Abdi Bafha no lefs DFayely<>bftinate in defending his TruO, than K^- 'imus iif^ the Walk of Rhodh. But upon the Second of Seftembtr ' 1 6)86^ the fame day of -ch&year when ic was taken by Solyman^ after it' had groaned under, the Tyrannous Yoke of the Ottoman 14; years^ was this great and ftrong City, the Capital of Hungaty, reduced un* der the Obedience of the Emperor Leopold the Firft, by the Prudence, Conftancy and Conduct of the CouragiousDukeof Lorrain ; theTer- ror <:riF the Muffelmttti andihe gceateft General of this Age. The Tiirks l}ave formerly experienced' the Valour of H«»W;j ana Scanderbergbi They have feared the Courage of the Duke of Merceun They have - trembled at the Condud and flaughter of the Valiant Count Serini ; but much morereafon have they to dread the Martial Duke oi Lorrain : lie it was that near Presburg routed the Rebellious Army of Teckleyi Hei( was that defeated the 7«r^j near CaUnburgb : He it was with the King of Poland, that raifed the Siege of Vienna: He it was that van- quimed the Enemy near Barkan, and j-efcued the King of Poland when the Poltjh Array was in Confufion : He it was that relieved the City of Cran, and routed the Army ofZeitan Jbraim Bajha : And laftly, He it was that whilft the GrAnd Ylzicr Sol/man looked on with a potent Ar- my, won thl? Glorious Conqueft, Buda. Not far from Buda, in the Year 1578. was fought a Battel of fo (l;angc a fortune between the Chriltians and the Turks^ that the Con- '". f ■^ r' p\h i.:>' querors ..■'li^. of fo Con- querors Of HtMgAtj. 109 querors were conquered, and the vanquiflied got the Vi<5tory. Other Cities arc Vofmy Hungarit Vrrsburgy Gftrmanis Vojonium d^ I'ojjonmm, the FUxum of Vtol. & ^»^ The City is pleaCuit,the Caftleftately, where the highly efteemed Crown of Hurgary is kept ; the Labyrinth, Fifh- Ponds, and Fountains are Noble, it is the Cat}ital of what the Houie of y^«/^r/yas buried there, in his Return towaic (afy. Nittria, Hung. NeytracbtGer. a Bifliop's See. Frei^at, ot CalgotZyHung* a fair large Town, but burned by the Turks. Schtmnitz, the greateft of the Mine^Towns in Hungary y and where great quantity of Silver Ore is every day digged. It hath three fair Churches, and three Ca- ftles, and feveral Mines ; ihol^Q di IVmdfcbacbt Atidi Trinity are the chief, the la(^ 70 Fathom deep; the one is much efteemed, and of a black colour, covered with a white Earth. There is alfo often found a Red Subftance which grows to the Ore, called Cinnaber of Silver, which being grinded with Oyl, maketh a Vermilion as good as the Cinnaber made by Sublimation. There are alfo found in thefe Mines, Cry ftals, Amethyfts, and Amethyftine mix- tures ; as alfo Vitriol naturally Cryflalized in the Earth. And as there is great variety in the Silver Ore, as to its mixtures with Earth, Stones^ Marchafite, Cinnaber, Vitriol, &c. fo alfo in its Richnefs ; fome hold- ing a great proportion of Silver, in refpecjl of others: A hundred pound' weight of Ore fometimes yields but half an Ounce, or an Ounce of Silver; fometimes two Ounces, 3, 4, y, and fo to 20 Oun- ces ; what is Richer, is very rare. Moft of the Schemnitz. Ore holds fome Gold, which they fepara e by melting the Silver, then granulating it, and after b Jlflblving it ^' •■ . ' • ' in ■M IT* "^W \ 1 ^Tk Aifmfortit ttiSii^t a^td^ 4'pecuUir Vitriol^ prepared at ChrernnitZj whereby the Gold is left at the bottom, ahd is afterwirdS mdted, and the Aquafirfis is diftilled from thfc Silver, arid ferveth again , for ufe. ^ , ^ . : s Chremhrtx,, Cdfpath of old, is the oldefVMirte-TdWrtv and thellicll- 'feft in Gold of all the reft ; 9 6 ?• years they have worked there j the Mine is about iq Englifh miles inlength,^ and there is one Caniculm, or Horizontal PalTage, 800 Fathoms long, and the depth is about 170 Fathoms; and the X^fl/»o/«/ Pit is ICO Fathoms deep. 1 Of the Gold Ore, fome is white, fome black, fonie red, fomc yellow; that with black fpots, within white, is efteemed the beft. There is alfo a Vitriol Mine at Qlnninitz, about 80 Fathom deep, . ihd Ore whereof is reddifh, arid fometimes greeniflii This Ore is in- fulcdin water, and after thrfee days the water is poiired off, and bdil^d feven days in a Leaden Veffel,till it comes to a thick graWuaiated w/hi- tilh Subltance, which is afterwards reduced to a Calx in aii^v^ri, and ferveth in the making of Aquafortis, or the feparating water lifed Z,t Scbremnitz,. ,, .. , , NewfolfOt Bijfr/cidf has the greateft Copper- works In. Wlr/W^//i7jtj;v€ Copperbeihgveryftrongly united to its ftorie-bed or Of^.^fhep^pa- ' ration is effe^ed with great labour, and difficulty, it being burnecl and nelt^d l4tiihes befor'e it becomes fit fprUfe. ,.* ;,,... i'4,;^ n Ac A little Village called Smalniky there is a Rivulet vvnicn cijanges particles of Iron into Copper. The leaves of Oaks that are by, tpe bank-fide, falling into the water, are inienfibly eaten through, arid ihe mdlt gixjfe particles of this water getting djereih, it is turned into a leaf of Copper, which being expofed'to the Sun, or only to the Air, hardens, and always retains its former figureof ah Oaken leaf, , ,^ ^ ■:.,^ At Glas-Hhtert',ikvcn EvgliJJi miles from Scfjemrfitz., there was once a ridh' Gold Mine ; but fince the over-running of the Countrey by Bethkm Gahr, it is loft. 'Tis much frequented by reafon of its natu- ral hot Baths. Eifevhacb, four miles E/tgltflj fi cm Glas- Hitteny and five or fix from Schemnhz,, is alfo noted for ::5 Hot Baths, the fedirnent of which is fed, and turneth into Stone, and it turneth Wood into Stone. At Hern-GriojJt , an Htrngartan mile from Newfol, jn that Mine were two Springs of a Vicriolate water, which turn Iron into Copper. ■ The feven chief Mine-To wr.snre Schmniiz,. Cimwmtz,, NewJoL Ko' tittigsbtrg^ Bocb(if}tz,jAn6 LilfeUnj 7'iln. . ^■. ~' • ;\" *>.v> _, .. -^ ,; !u;»\ * :; The ftrongefl: places belonging to theHouft o^ Auflriay were, '^fava-^ rlvyComaray and Leopolfiatf tlie Bulwarks of Chriftenftom. Javn-hf, ll^^ . again jcRicii- :re ; the cuktSi Ot out 176 d, fome )m deep, Die is in- idbdilt;^ ited Whi- in bvferi, ^ater lifed ^heSepa- '. irhedand • •■ ' ^ 1 cqanges . e by, tpe varidihe ed into a the Air, f ■m was once J n trey by • its natu- r fix from f which is >ne. r ,4ine were opper- rj. ire, jf'J'f'-.-- Ja I'f r/n. tCfrnMiMrf. Ill Qnllis ^4^h, RsaH^i la the PJain, oatof |ig!tt, mvkoai by the JXr" fi^W ) ^d Ragh GirmoHss, Gewer Hrnigmsy GiavamJfaUs, RMk, BiMbs, 'Ttmiek Ttircis, Ic i was the j4raio o^Ant, tbie l^^ralto aifti, is forcUied with fe?en targe Baftions covered wich 8r!cfc, and four GaviHiers, or Ravelins between. Ic was Befieged by Sinan Bafa, 4h c-he tirr«e oIShI- tan Murat the Thitd, who at one AflTauIc loft 1200 men; biifby the Treachery of Count Hsrdeck, 'twas Surrendred ; after recovered by a Notable Surprize of Count Sv/arfunhurgb, and Cfli/»f P.*:^, With'a great Slaughter of the Turks, t6o6. Here alfo a^e ieverat (brcsof Warlike Engines and Inftruments. Komere, Comara, is the Crumerum Afaum, of Ant. Citmaronium df Bragitium ; is Moated by rha D^wrow, and ftrongly fortified. Thelflind of the fame Name, formerly caWed Scbuit, contains above 500 ^Villa- ges, and above 15000 Inhabitants, with the conveniences of iluM- Ing and Fifbing. FilUck, Filecum, Tokay, Tokaum at, Treffkm/Zatmdry Zatntaria f ind Kalo, hive been likewife fortified by Order bf the £m« peror, wiio keeps bardby feveral Arm^ Gallies. Agria,Egar Ger. Erlaw Hung, Erlaheolis, TtfrnefufOTi and C^ifia^ have alfo their feveral Baffas as being upon the Frontiers . The Turks call Temefwar, The hvineiblt ^ by fome thought to be th&Zmoeiraf or Zurohara 6i PtoL The City of Gran, StrigmnmLax*. or Oftrogon^ Brezftium Cluv,vn3 the Birthplace df King Stetben, the firft ChriRian'King of Hungary, Benegedinvain by jF<^ King of Hungary; taken by Sol/mm Av^g^ the lotk. If 42. recovered by Count Mansftkl but r&>ta!«nj or baiefy Slivered in the time of Sultan Aebmet to jfy-k^ the Turkijb General* Trngrdde, Hung. P/We»/pfr^ Gerw. the Caftieor this placc is Seated upon a high Rock, where the Crown of Hungary was formerly kept ; and wherethe Kings of Hungary did often reme, wastakenby the Im- perial Army, June 16. 1684. Overagainft it licth Maroz,, or Frifiaf^ Neofelium, Neu-haujtl Gtrtn, Chvar Hung, which feveral times hath bravely withftood the furious Affault of the Turks \h\xt in Anno i66j, the Turkijh Power was fo great, and the Magazine took fire, that it was forced to yeild ; and had not fome other Chriftian Princes joined. their Affiftance to ti)C Emptror, and fo ftopt the Turks Career, his Am- bicion and Succefs had farther enlarged his Dominions. In Augu/, 1684, it was taken by ftorrii, and the Turks Army defeated near Gran. Alba-Julia Lat. StulwetJ[enburg G. EkekesFe'tefwar Hung. Stolni Biograd Slavis, Albe RoyaU Gallts, Alba Regalis Scrip Pann. once frmous for the Coronation and Sepulchres of the Hungarian Kings, taken by the r«ryfe; I J43, loft again 159 J, when Sir Tlio. Arundi I ioxcing the Wa- ter- ■i^!^. ■.*.y.. f.-;;''. ^i^*^*: -Tj— <^,l^^.»ti,^s^v. .,Vi /kH'.. ^ ^^^i^p^qt^a^p ^m nlMMMC'CJ tit Of Hkng^ty, % ' ter Tower, took the Turkijh Enfigtii and for his "Valour was made Count of the Etopire, and Lord jirundeloiWardow. A ftrong Town, ; betray 'd by N, Kiresken 'the Governour thereof; upon promife of ia great Reward; but SelimtfSy the Son oi Solymanj for hh Treafon, cau- &dhim 'to be puc into a Barrel ftuck fuU of Nails, and to be tumbled up and down, till he miferably died. ,, The Emperor Ferdinand the Second befieg'd Canifia^ or Canifcha • { when he was Arch^Ppke, butcould not take it. Nor was Leopold Ig- j »^tfMy/unpre fortunate in the year 1664. The Retreat of the Duke of - M^rceur from Cani/ta, was one of the nob left Actions of our Age. Quin- : que Ecclejta, Furfkircben Germ. Otegiazac Hung. VetjchenTurcisteJle Lcun- ■'% clavioy taken by the Turks, i5'45, by lome thought to btth^Teutsburgi' „ um of Ant. and Ttol. Others tell us *tis the Amantia of the Ancients, .. tho iovoA think Amantiato be Aln.zy it is the place where Solyman died . during the Siege of Z^^cr/ftjin the year ry 66, Mobacz.. is remarkable for 1 the Defeat of the Chriftans in the year i ^25*. and for that of the Turks ' 1687. Pont. d'Ejfeckj famous for theAdionof Count Serini, who burnt it in vjew of all the Turkijh Army: and for the Campaigneof 1687. \Jl. Anno i68i. yill€':k was befieged by the Baffa of Buday with 25'ooo Xur^s and Tartars^ but after a br^ve redftanc^ JO: September, it was fur- rendred without theCovernour'sconfi;nt,and afterwards demoliffled, and the Walls levelled with the ground. ' At the fame time Le-wentz^wAS stifo abandoned and pofTei.ed by the ^ Enemy ; aqd the Winter following, the Turks and Hungarian Rebels fei- ' zed upon the Fortrefles of Atfol, .Neoi^fol, Scbintnitz,, an^ Cbrepinitz. Aw/Q If 95'. divers tiungarians b&(\6gQd Papa, and after a long Battery : it was delivered to theim, who fold the Inhabitants to the TurkhJ^ut ' the Imperial Army advancing, many pf the Rebels fled. And fome of the chief promoters of that difturbance were impaled alive. Near Mtemberg the Imperial Horfe and Foot being divided in paf- ^ fing a River, after a fliarp difpute, the Turks feized upon the Imperial Baggage Valued at 40000 GuiUers, when alfo the Piinces oi Savoy and Aremberg foon after died of their Wounds. 1684. The Caftle oiVnguar was befieged by Teckley, and taken by Storm, and nioft of the Garifon put to the Sword. V Upon the Hills near Waccia.yj^\\Q Duke of Lorram attacked a Body of ': ' jtoooo Turks, commanded by;the Vizier of Bud>i^, of whom were flain 3000, ipo taken Prifoners, with Tsven 'pieces of Cannon, eighteen Standards, the Vizier ?nd two BafTa's (lain, .1 BalTa and ten Aga'spii' foners, and of the Duke's Army not a hundred men loft. 1684. Vtrovitz^a, the Key and Entrance into Sclavoma, ca^^'t jlated, _.-.♦ and i ( 6fa cau- ibled nifcha Id %- ike of r If »»- dents, (>^ died ible for e Turks burnt £1687. 1.25000 jvas ftir- loUraed, d by the ebelsfei- 'ire^fiitz. Battery «rib*.JBut fomeof d in paf- Impeiial of Hii'voy taken by Body of were flain , eighteen Aga'spvi- af'talated, aud 1 5- and ^00 Janizaries marched out, and left it to the Ipt^erialijtsf after 1 1 3 years poffeffion. 1684, Zeben was invefted by General 5ci6«/fjf, and furrendred upon difcretion; all the Hun^.iriam, being about 120, were by the Count d' Bargarz,z,i cut in peices in revenge of Count Teckle/s Impaling alive divers of the Garifon of Cz,kz,uarf which was furrendred to him upon Articles. ^ BarrhfieUy a place fortified with good Walls, feveral Towers and Redoubts, the Garifon confining of about 400 men, capitulated and was put into the Command of the Imperialijts. Mongatz and Tkay are two ftrong places ; and in 168; were in the hands of Count Teckley; fince fallen into the Germans PolTeflion. Makoivitz was furrendred to General Schultz, O(5tober 1684. Intheyear 1663, Leww^a:- a ftrongplace,was delivered up to the Twr/;. Schinta, the Magazine of the Emperor's Arms and Artillery, was aC- faulted by the Vizier, but being (toutly repulfed, he raifed his Camp, and came before iVov/^r Serinjwary builtby Count Sey/wi, yielded to the Ti-T^x, and was demo- ' liflied. Leiva, before whofe Walls C. Suja^ and the Chriflians obtain- ed a great Vidory againlt the Turks and Tartars^ and affaulted Bar- cj6y later Writers called Almannmy wliereunto they fliould border.Others more probably from the Dutch Allenfen Mann; fignify- ing all forts of men, or all hardy and valiant. The many opinions alfo, and great differences we have found amongft Authors in the Interpre- tations of the many ancient German Nations, makes me at prefent not to mention them/ 'Tis generally agreed, that the Gomerians, or Cimhn, were the firft Inhabitants of Gaulfiermanyy and all the Nations of the North and fVefi of Europe ; and that the Gauhf their Off-fpring, under theirCaptain Segovefus, y'l^orioufly ranged overall Germany yf torn whom havefprung the ancient Inhabitants of this Countrey. Divided they were intoleveral Nations, and thefe alfo fubdivided into leifer Tribes. The firft Nation of the Germans, who made the Romans as well feel their Swords, as know their Names, were the Cimhri Teutones, and Amhrones, upon their Invafion of Gaul and Italy, who were overcome and deftroycd by ikfrfinw. - * After this, Cafar, upon his Conqueft of France, having paffed the 'Rhincy and provoked the Germant, ftirfed up a tedious War ; all other Adventures were eafie to the daring Romans : Nothing could give check to Cafar*s Fortune, only the Germans j who at laft, were rather Triumphed over, than fubdued by their greateft Armies. How little was their Progrefs ? How inconfiderable were their Acquefts, after 'b long a War? which continued for more Generations,than others lafted Years : And indeed fome part of Germany, viz,, that beyond the Elbe and Danube, was never fo much as Attacqued. Endangered once by Drufitts in the Reign of Cafar Auguftits, but freed by the Vidory of Arminm, and the death of Varrits and his Legions ; negledcd after- vvards as a people unconquerable, or not worth the conquering. To- wards the wain kA^q Roman Empire, theNamesof the ancientlnha- bjtarics by little and little worn out and quite exiinguifhed through their Fights and Butcheries amongft themfelves; their Tranfmigrati- onsinro foreign Countries, their affedion and union into new Names, and the Fleetirigs and Invalions of the Sarmatians, and more Eaftern people, Germany became confounded, and peopled with thirteen, for the moft part, differing Names of the Saxons, Almans, French, Thurin- giens, Boioarians, Hun, Lombards, A'uares, Hungarians, Danes, Norwe- gians, Suethifl.', or Sda'VJs, whofe Original Fortunes, Kingdoms and States ilTuing from r!u:m. I muft rtfer for a larger Treatife of Geography, if God permir. Bat chc fatal period of the Reman Empire drawing on apace, the lu-mhs, in gundians, Aim ''nf, and other German Nations, break through their Oaards, difpofTefs tho RomaKsof sWGaul, Rhetia, and Noricum, till in the end, the French prevailing over the reft, extend Q 2 their ■/*, • ■^::- ii6 Of Qermtny. their Empire over all the Modem Germany^ chiefly by the Valour of CbarUi the Great, created Emperor of the Weft part of France and Germany. Afterwards in the time of Lodovicus Pi«f, the Son of Charles the Great, the Empire of his Father was parcelled out into many parrj, viz. Italy J France f Burgundy, Lorrain,- ind Germany , amongft his Sons and Nephews, with the Tide of Kings ; by which means, the King- doms of Lorrain and Germany, United in the Perfon of Lewis the An- cient, were aliened from the French, and poflefled by the great Princes of Lorrain, Saxony, Suabia and Bavaria : As alfo by them difmembred into many principalities and Inferior States, all pafling under the Name ofAlmany or Germans, Germany is now bounded on the Eaft with Poland and Hungary^ on the Weft with France, Switzerland, and the Seventeen Provinces ; on the North with the 5^/^/^^ Sea, and Denmark j and on the South with the Alps, which part it from Italy. Thfe length whereof, from Eaft to Weft, viz,, from the Borders of Lorrain to Poland, is 766 miles, the breadth from North to South, from the BaltickScn, to the Southermoft part of 7)r<>/is 6^j VI miles of the fame Meafure, viz,. 7; to a degree. 'Tis fcituate in the Northern Temperate Zone j the longeft day in the Southern parts being If hours and a half; in the moft Northern, 17 hours and a Quarter. 'Tis a fpacious Country, and very Populous ; the People 01 ftrong Conftitution, of a good Proportion and Complexion: very ingenious and ftout, much given to Drink, but of an Honeft, Noble Nature : The poorer fort great l^ains-takers , and the Nobles either ftout Sol- diers, or good Scholars. The Women are of good Complexion, but corpulent; good Bear- ers, and fruitful Breeders, ft A ' The Tide of the Father defcends to their Children ; fo that every Son of a Duke is a Duke, and every Daughter of a Dutchefs is a Dutchefs ; whence it follows, that the Nobility being too much multiplied, is no lefsimpoverifhed. The Language here generally fpoken, is the High-Dutch ^ a Lan- guage very Ancient, and hath lefs commixture with the Latin than any V 'iich is ufed in ihefe Weftern parts. No Countrey in the World is either better Planted with goodly Ci- i , or more Piealnnt and Healthful. A Country abounding with Mmes of Silver and other Metals; plentiful in Corn, IVtnes, Salt, Flejh, Linnen, Quick-filver , Allom, Saffron, Armour, tind Iron-works. The Gtrmans ixQ excellent Alcchanicks, eminent for Wa ter-works, Chymiliry, and Printing : Memorable is the Scory of Regtomontanm'% Wooden our of ce and \V ^ Charles " -^z .rpam, is Sons 5King- theAn- Prirtces etiibred der the rary ; on nces] on uth with )rders of . South, ol'is 6f7 ,te in the arts being 1 quarter. of ftrong ingenious 5 Nature : flout Sol- rood Bear- that every \ Dutchefs ; Itiplied, is a Lan- in than any goodly Ci- nding with ,Salt,Flejhy a ter-works, iomontanus s Wooden Wooden Eagle, that flew a quarter of a mile to meet the Emperor Maxitmlian ; but efpecially famous is this Regic^n, for the two Grand Inventions of the latter Ages, 'vix,. That fatal Inftrument the G«», firft ^ found out by Benholdw Swart a Frier. The Myftery of Printing, firft difcovered by a Soldier. The Religion of this Country is divided into ?apifs arid Trotefiants'^ the latter again divided into Lutherans and Calvinifts. * ■ .'\'' ' ' About the Year 12 yo, the Empire being greatly diftra<5led into many Fa<5tions, eachFaAion chofe a King of the Romans or Emperor. The Empire thus fluduating for about 20 years, the Princes met at Quidling-burg and made a League of defence togjether ; and meeting at Francfort they chofe Radolfhus Earl of Hapshurgiti the Year 1270. who gaining /^ujfria, and other Territories adjacent^ was the firft Arch-Duke oiAuftriay about 1280. ; About the Year lyoo, the State oi Burgundy ^ which comprehended alfo the Low-Countries y was by Marraige with the H^irefs thereof, add- ed to the Houfe of Jujfria, About the fame time ( under Maximilian the Firft ) the publick Courts ofjudicature, called the Imperial Chamber, the Supream Tri- bunal and Appeal of Juftice, was fixed at Spire^ and the Empire divi- ded into ten Circles. About 1^19. Charles the Fifth, Son of Thilip King of Spain, Son of Maximilian the Emperor, fucceeded his father in his Eftates oi Spain, Burgundy, the Low-Countries, y^«/?r/ ■ r. -. n8^ \pfOerwtny\ ^ fpread over all Germcmfy changed firft into the Say.on, then into the SweMJhWiaf Anno i6}p. The Duke of BaiMria overcoming the Bo- hemians, the Palatine was ejeded out of the Upper Palatinate, out of the Eledlorfbipj as well as out of the Kingdom of Bohemia. Jmo 162^. the Duke of Saxony is flain. Anno i6;o. the King of Sweden enters Germany in the be.half of the Proteftants, and Princes Liberty. 1632. The King of Sweden^nd 7i//y the General of the Impeiialilts, after fe- veral Vidories and Conquefts, both dye. 16; j-. The Duke of Saxony and Brandenburg make Peace with the Emperor: And the King of Fr^wtf denpunceth War againft the Empire. Anno i6%6. the Duke of Saxony ;s flain, and the Imperialifts are diven out of Pomerania by the Swede'i. i6;9. Saxony and Bohemia invaded. The War continues hot by Teveral Sieges and Battels till 1648. when Af«»/tr Treaty en- fues, and fothe thirty years, wherein hjid periflied about 32^000. was ended. This Peace of Mmfier changed the Empire to that State that it is now at. For the King oi Sweden carried away the Dukedomsof Bremen and Ferden, Lower Pomerania and Stetin^ with other places in the Upper Pomerania. The Ifland or Principality of Rugen. The Ifle of IVolUn, the River and Port of Odor. The Bailiwick of P- rimberg, and others, protefted againft the Decrees of Cafar, anu ap- peal to an Univerfal Council. Germany is now an Ele<5live Empire, wherein, there are feveral Sove- reign Eftates, of which the Emperor is chief, who governs by Diets, which are almoft like the General Eftates oi Frame. The Principal Articles of the Government are contained in a Fundamental Law, or Original Conftitution and Agreement, called Aurea Bulla, or, The Gol- den Bull; which treats of the Ele(3:ion of the King of the Romans, the Duty of theEledors, of their Privileges, of the Authority of the Em- peror ; and laftly, of the means to maintain the Peace and Repofe of the Empire. This Bull is a little Book, the Original whereof, being written in Parchment, contains 24 Leaves, and 50 Chapters; and was eonftituted as the perpetual and fundamental Law of the Empire, not to IS, the Bo- lit of 62 y. nters 632. erfe- axony ig of Duke cinues :y en- o. was :e that omsof aces in he lOe id Nev^ c. The s, Toul, dom of oiPbi- n part, . And which Wornteiy of No- ma ap- al Sove- y Diets, incipal Law, or tie Gol- >fans, the the Em- pofe of f, being and WAS pire, not to re. Of Qifm$ny\ 119 to be altered by the Emperor, no not with the Ele^or*s codfent, by CharUs the Fourth 1 3 f 6. The Eledlion of the Emperor ought, 'tis faid, to be made at Francfort upon the Mem j though this Order, in the laft £Ie(5lions, has not been obferved. Befides the AlTemblies that concern the Affairs of the Empire in general, there are three other forts ; that of the Eledtors, for the Election of the Emperor : That of the Deputies, whither the Emperor fends a Commiffioner ' And thofe of the Circles : like the AiTemblies of the States in the great Pro- vinces of France. Of thefe Circles there are ten in the Empire; that is to fay, of Aufiria, Bavaria^ Suahia, of the Upper Rhine ; of the Lower Rhine, W '^phalia, U^^cr Saxony y "Lower Saxonf, Franconiay BuT" gundy ; but this laft is now no more fummon'd. Every Circle has a Dire<5^or Ecclefiaftick, and a Secular Director, who prefide together at their Affemblies. Two or three Circles may meet when one of them is attacqued from without, or in confufion within. The Empire, as it retains the Title, fo it is almoft like that of the Romans, though it contains not fo large an extent of ground. The Princes that Compofe it are of five forts: The Emperor, who is now of the Houfe of Auftria, the Eledors, the Ecclefiafticks, the Princes Secular, and the Free Cities : In the General Diets are three bodies ; that of the EleAors, that of the Princes, and that of the Imperial Ci- ties. There are reckon'd above 3 00 Sovereignties in Gerfhany, who do not acknowledge the Emperor, but only in point of Homage and mutual Agreement. The Houfe oiAuJiria has three forts of Dominion ; thofe oiAuliria, which are Hereditary to him; thofe of Bohemia, which he now claims as his Right; and thole of Hungary, which he hath by Eleftion. Out of this Houfe of Auftria the German Emperors have been Eleded for above 400 years, ever fince the time of Hen, 4th, when the Lords of the Empire began to undervalue his Authority, and Pope Gregory the Seventh taking occafion thereby, Excommunicated him, and ordered the Imperial Scepter ftiould be given to another ; Then the Germans aboliflied the Ri^ht of Succeffion, and alTumed to themfelves that of Eleding the Emperors. The Emperor, who is of that Houfe, ufually in his life-time caules his Son, or his Brother, or his next Kinfmanto be Crowned King of Hungary, afterwards King di Bohemia : then if he finds the Princes dif- pofed to it, he caufes him to be Elefted alfo King of the Romans^ that is, his perpetual Vicar, and Succeflbr prefiiniptive to the Empire. Without the Revenue of his Hereditary Territories,he would fcarce have wherewithal tofupport his Dignity jfor under the Title of Imperial Majefty, .^ 120 Of Germnny. r ! Majefty, he poiTeiTesnoLand: his principal Rights are the Election and Invefticure of Feofty, the Grant of Privileges, and the Right of Le- gitimation. He may make Laws, give Letters of fafe Conduct, eftablifli. Polls, make Parliaments, fettle Univerfities, eredl Burroughs into Ci- ties, create Offices, and out-law Cities by Proclamation. Laftly, He may make Kings, Dukes and Marqueffes ; and he isfuperior toallthe Princes of the Empire, who for that reafon have a great rcfped for him. The Ele(ftors are Eight in all, v;;6. the Archbilhop oiMaytnce, Arch- Chancellor of Germany ; the Archbifhop oi Treves, Arch-Chancellor of France 'fth^ Archbifliop oiCologn^ Arch-Chancellor ofltal/ j the King of Bohemia, Great Cup bearer; the Duke of Bavaria, Great Steward ; the Duke of Saxony, Great Marshal or Conftable ; the Dukeof Branden- burgh. Great Chamberlain ; and the Prince Palatine, Great Treafurer. Thefe Eledors pretend that their Dignity makes them equal to the Kings of Europe ; and, which is of greater moment, for that they Eleft and Crown the Emperor; after which the Pope, by ufurpation, pre- tends a Right to confirm the Eled^ion and Coronation. Four Voices of thefe Ele(5lors fufficesto advance any one to the Imperial Dignity : and at prefent the King of Bohemia only has his Seat in the Election. The Secular Ele(ftors may not nominate themfelves. Nor can the Lands of their Electorates, be alienated. In the Houfe of Saxony the Ele- dorfliip belongs only to the Eldeft, who (hares the other Seigniories with his Brothers. The EleAor of Brandenburgh is the moft Landed of all the reft, next to the King of Bohemia ; his Dominions contain above two hundred German Leagues in length; but are for the moft pare fepa- rated one from another ; and by the late Combuftion, and theiJFor- tune of War, he is become the moft confiderable Prince of that Quali- ty in the Empire. Anno looo. under Otbo the Third, the Eleftors had fixed their Eledlorfliip, which firft began by permiffion under pre- tence of avoiding Confufion, and for the good of the common Inte- reft; fome tell us, that the Ele(5tors were Inftituted after the death of Otho the Third. And others fay, it was in the time of Rodulfa of Hapsburg. The Ecclefiaftical Princes arc, TFie Archbifliop of Saltsburg, the Grand Mafter of the Tetitonick Order ; feveral Bifhops, and other great Prelates, Abbots and AbbelTes, who have no voice, but e nbody'd; thefe Princes are almoft abfolute over the Temporality of their Bene- fices; neither has Chriftendom any Prelates fo potent as they. Their Eledions to their Dignities belongs to the feveral Chapters, wherein neither the Pope, nor the Emperor, has any Right to intermeddle. Among the Secular Princes there is the Arch-Duke of Aufiria, the Princes of the Eledoral Houfes, fome Dukes, Marqueffes and Landt- graves, -^ %.. Of Qermgttf, . xai graves : there are alfo fome Earls and Barons who differ only in name and method of the Empire. They have their Seat in a Body which has four Voices in the EtVatei ^' of the Empire. But they have alfo everyone their Voices in their par- ticular Aflfemblies, and fome of. them Coin Money. There are fome . Noblemen in Franconia, in Suabia, in the Countrey of the Rhine, and in the Lower Alfatiuy who are abfolute in their own particular Ter- ritories, as the moft Potent Lords of the Empire in theirs; feveral Prin- cipalities mGermany are poiTelTed by one Prince alone, and many times one Principality belongs to many. The Free Cities, which are fo many Republiques, are of two forts, vix.. Imperial, and Hans Towns. The Imperial bear the Eagle of the Empire in their Army, either entire or divided ; and they have a Right to fend their Deputies to the Diets of the Empire, where their Corporation has two Voices. They ex- ceed the number of Fourfcore, and are confidered either as lying upon the Seats of Suabia, or the Seats of the Rhine ; and they are thus divi- ded from the feveral Seat^ where the Deputies of the Cities take their places ; the Deputy of the City of Cologn takes the firft place upon the UAwtf-Seat, and the Deputy of Ratisboum takes the firft place upon the SuabianSsnt: Some are governed by Noble Families, others live under a Popular Government. The Hans Towns are in league together, to aid one another reci- procally in time of diftrefs, as alfo for the maintenance of the liberty of their Trade, and to preferve themfelves from being overcharg'd with Impofitions by Foreign Princes ; but that League at this day is little regarded by feveral of thefe Cities, whilft every one endeavours to ftand upon their own bottom, and do their own bufinefs themfelves. Of thefe, Lubecky Cologn, ^ Br unfivick and Dantzick, are the four chief; Lubeck may fummon all the reft together, with the Advice of five of the Cities which are next adjoining to her. The moft famous Rivers in Germany are the Rhine, the Danube, the Elb, the Odar, the Vefer, and the Ems. The Rhine, Rhenus, Cajar Strab. Vlin. &C. Rhyn or Reign Germ. Le Rein Gallisy Rheno Italis, ari- feth out of the Mps in two Fountains, diftant about a days journey a- funder, the one aWed the f^order Rhine, or Anterior Rhenus, fourceth out of the Hills of the Leponti, and the Mountain Luckmanier. The further, named the Hinder Rhein, or Pofterior Rhenm, out of the Alps, and the Mountain der Vogel Thefe meeting together about a German mile from CW or Coire of the Grifons, afterwards continued in one Channel towards the North by the Cities of Co»/? Ang, Danubim Toljb. Strab. Plin. &c. arifeth in Sehwartz^^vald, diftant about two hours journey from the head of the Neckar^ ar.J running Eaft- wards through Suavia, Bavaria, Aufiria, Hmgaria, Bulgaria. &c. after above rooo miles courfe it poureth into the Euxine Sea, with a great violence through fix Channels, according to P//»y, through feven, according to Sol. Strab. and A. Marc. The lower part .of this River was called Mer. Strabo puts the beginning of this Name atitsCata- rads, Pro/, at the Town Axiopolis. Vliny, where it arriveth at ////r/- Appian at the Confluence of it with the River Savtfs. The cum. greater Rivers received hereinto in Germany, are the Ifer, Ifara. The Leek, Lycm. hn, oy^nus of ?toU The Nab, or Nabas, and the Marckb or MornHs. „ The J % ■I Ihine ck\n mi of :er& [near The rnsof Rura, itfelf ar the he 1II» . leffer \e, Auf' isdif- Avg, about Eaft- after great feven. River Is Cata- It llliri- The The iarckb The ■'^ OfQermM/ty. , ^laj The Ems Gtrm. Amis & Amufia Strth, Amifus & Amafiu TtoL & Pliny, It arifeth in fVeftfbalia near Paderhom, and is disburthened into the German or Britijh Ocean. The W?/:r, Vijurgis Pliny, Vifnrigis Ptol. Btfurgis Strab, Iturgis OviJ, hath its beginning in the Hilly Foreft of Duringer fVaUt , pafling by the Towns of Hamlen^ MinJen and Bremen, and having received the Fuld, and the Aller, floweth into t\i&German Ocean; the part towards the head is called Witrra, Verra al. JVertz,. The Elbe, Albis oi Pliny, Strabo, &C. rifeth out of the Hill Rifenbirg, being part of the Sudata, incircling Bohemia, And pafling by the Towns of Drefden, H^tttenburg, Msydburg, it falleth into the German Ocean be- low Hambourg ; towards its beginning in Bohemia, it is called the Labe. Greater Rivers which empty hercinto are the Muldaw, Muldavia. The Egra, the Saltz^a^ Salt otStrab. The Spree^ Sutvus of Ptol. Unto this River reached the Row/iwDifcoveries, and the French Conquefts, The Odor, Odera, Viadrus Ptol. This arifeth out of the Hill Oderberg neivOlmuntz,\n Moravia, pafling by Brejlaw, Glogaw^ Francfort and iSre- tin, with the Rivers Neijje and ^arta, received thereinto ; it is disbur- thened into the Frifch-haffnt the two Iflands UJedomund Collin with three Mouths, Pfyn, Swiite and Diuvenow, and fo into the Eaft or Baltick Sea. The chief Mountains of Germany were the Abnobi & Abnoba oiPtol. & Plin. near the Heads of the River Danow, and the Neccar, now called ScbwartZj'Wal by Sd^to, and Die-Baar.WtUychto. The Sudata of Ptol. or Suditi Vandalici Montes Dioniy are the Hills cncircling.i?*^ew/*^ "^fif^ i*^' The Babi Montes, Ptol. are the Crabaten,or Krabaten Mount in Croatia, Cetim Alons, feu Ce^t/s, Liv, & Ptol. now Kalenberg, or Halenberg in Au-- firia, continued a great length between the Danow and the Dra, and dif^inguiOied into iundry particular Names of Scbneberg, Deubjperg, He- riebergjHepgferberg or Heufiperg, Semering df\ Plajfiz,. The common bcninds fometimes of the Countries N0r/cM;9»,and?. Rz The ■-'9h »to«arjff w»TWigia « •^■v'' 194 ^ Of Germanf, The moft famous Woods were the Hercyni Caf, Tae. & Vim, Hercma, Claud. It began after Cafar at the R^Uffj and the Confines of Helvetia, and was continued Eaft wards along the courfe of the Danube, unto the Daciim Tranfyhania,Qoma.mmg then in breadth Nine days journey, in length more than fixty. Parts and remainders of this Wood, were all thoie vaft Defarts and Foreft of the Dad and Sarmata, whofe parts are Martiana 5i/x'^,were the Woods covering the Hills ^htiohi,and from their dark Ihades called S.cbwartz,waU, or the Black Woo4. The Bacenis of Cafar, the Semana Silva of Ptol. now DuringenvaUt^ or Silva Turingica, upon the Borders of Bohemia towards Bavaria. Gabreia Silva Ptoh now Behaimer-waldt, or Silva Bobemica Mont, the Woods of the Mount Sudata towards the W. & N. Luna Sylva are the Woods of the Sudata toyNAiAs Taffaw, and the South. .,:-.^.__ : The Cboragrafbj of this great, but Heterogeneous Country, as was faid, is divided mto rnany £ftates,and tho^': Eftatesabfolute or inde- pendent. For the better Survey cf which, we will confider Germany in three great Parts, viz, Firft, Gtrmany about the Rhine : idly, Ger- many about the Danube ; and ^dfy, Germany about the Elbe and Oder, Let us begin with Germany about the Rhine ;znd firft with the Free County of 5iw2«» Kings of Aufirafta or H'eflnck-, An [mperial City (bated on the Mofel, at the Confluence of the Seilla River j befieged by Charles tiie Emperor, with loocpp men, ^wwa if ?2.but defpair- ing of fuecefslie left it, and afterwvirds caiiingoffhis Empire, in the Monaftery of Jujfus he ended his. life. • , ^.y It was the chief Seat of tlijs^?,^/tfw^jfr/w o^ Ptol, the MediomatrUi ' of Cafcr. . • ' 2. Tcul Tullumy Viol Cit. Lucorum & TmUo Ant.- a Bi/hop's See and a Town Imperial upon' the River Mvfel'^ built by Tullus Hofhlius, as the French Writers fay. The Metropolis of the Leuci ox Liberi. ofC 1,476. fications I, and a \unen^um. ireftCity pleaCanc ;e. Nor illed Saar \Sarhruck. ie Duke, Km it W.1S I of Cltves. \Cltve was into tha of C-'lcn J Stgf- Of Germdny. 127 S'tpfmufid the Emperor made it a Dukedom, 1417. Its chief Places SLTeClevefClivia^Cleefwcolis. 2 fVefeljlVefelia, • •• » . "'^'•■,.i:r:"'^' Of J V L I E R s. '■-::"''/';.:_■' TH E Dukedom of Juliers was United to Cleve by Marriage 1496. Its chief Places are JuUarsal. Guhck^yuliacum Ant. belongingto the Prince of Newhurg, 5. Akm Flanclris^ Ach Gtrmanify A'tx la Cha- felle Gallts, A-^ an Imperial City, D//]?«?r- guw, Afcihurgitt/fj &" Difporum of 0)6, la the C' uiity of Marck chief pi.^ces are Soefi, or Zoefi, Sufatum of old, and ^-rw.wrt, Tremovia & Dcr/w^zww, both free Cities. The Dutchy i V r J. and Earldom of Marc ky belongs now to the Marquis oi Braftclenour^, AikZ o£ Berg and Juliers to the Duke of Nev^hrg. Meursh honour-^ci with the Title of an EarMom, now fubjedl to the ILin^ of Er.glandy as Prince oiOravge. Adjoining to whefe Countries, are the three EUfT.oral. Archbi- ibopricks :. Of M E N T Zj 1 '.,11 f^'* • ' • • • • M' TH £ A/chbvfhop of Mentz, who is firftin Dignity, being Chan- ceiki, or" the S.^:red Empire , and hath tiie Priviledge of Crowning Cajar, except at ynix la Cbapelle, which then belongs to the Eletitor of Collen, His Jurifdidion and Territories, like fome of cur J28 ^ ^ Of GtrmMy. / our ETioceiTes^ U^ difperfed in feveral Countries. HisChief places are Mentz,y or Maintz, Germanis, Mayence^ Gallis, Magonzaltalis, Movontiacum Ttol. Magontiacum Tac.Mogontiacus df Mogantiacum A. Marc. Cit» Mogun- tiacenfis Ant. Mogmttia Rbeginoni, Magontia Eutropio, the Metropolis then of the Province of Germania pima. Here, is laid, was firft Invented the Noble Art of Printing, by John Gutenhurg, Knight, in the year 1440. It was an Archbifhop's See in 74 f . ana was taken by the King (A Sweden 16} i, who there kept his Chrifimas. An Academy 1482. 2. Ajcbafenhurgy or Afciburgianiy Afchaffenburg the place of the Arch- bifhops Refidence. l.Erford'mTuringia^ Bicurgium Ptol. tefie Pyramio, Erpbordia & Hercino, Vhordia & Frfordia, Erfurdt IncoUs, Erford Gallis, a City large, rich, and populous, & : ^ ed amongft thechiefeft in Ger^ rnanyy Governed in manner of a > StatQ; but in 1664 reduced again to the obedience of the Eletiur of Meptz, (ope Gallorum), 1392 was founded an Univerfity; rf'^v' '""^ -A V'» 'Cf COLO 6 N E. ./?:V,.v''*"» •■ I- '* 2. fX^ H E Archbiftioprick CiColhn, a fair and goodly Countrey, lying X. upon the left fhore of the Rbinei Its chief Places are, i. Coin Germ, Cologne Gallis, Colonia Agrippinen/ts Vlin. Agrippinenjts Ptol. Co- Ionia Agrippinenfis df Oppidum UBiorum Tac. Colonia Agnppina ^ Agvippi- nenfis Ant. The Metropolis of the Province of Germania Secunda» and a famous Colony of the Romam, brought hither in the Reign of the Emperor Tiberius , by Agrippina Daughter to C/gfar Germanicus, and Wife to the Emperor Claudius. The Rome of Germany, An Irnperial City, but does Homage to the Arcbifhop. The Cathedral of St,.Pe- ter's is of vaft'and ftupendious greatnefs.C/^/^ir's Bridge over the Rhine *is one of the ancienteft in Europe. Here alfoare faid to lye the Bodies of the three Kings that came from the Eaft to worfliip our Saviour. 2. Bonne, Bona Ptol. Caflra Bomnfia Tac. now the ReHdence 01 the Ele- ctor, Seated in a plealant and fruitful part of the Countrey. This Archbifhop is Chancellor of 7/'^/;',. and fecond in Dignity. He isalfo Prince and Paftor of the Countrey andjurifdidlion 01 Leige, a Coun- trey very healthy and pleafant ; where are reckoned 2 j" Walled Towns, and 1700 Villages. But the defcription of this Countrey I fliall refer to that of the Spamflj Provinces, being intermixed with them. And ihall here only fay, that Liege is feated on the River MaeZj near that Valley wherein two Legions of Julius Cafar under Sabinm and Cotta were deltroyed by Ambioriz., Capt.iin of the Eburonesi ;ir. ^ / Of IPP^ ces are ttiacum Us then ivented tie year icKing r 1482. e Arch- Vyramio, Gallis, a \ in Ger- reduced lUorum), :rey,lying re, i.Coln f ?tol. Co- cunda^ and ignot the znicusy and 1 Imperial of St.Pc- r the Rhine e Bodies of ur Saviour. of the Ele- crey. This . He is alfo re, aCoun- \^ Walled Countrey I ■mixed with River Maez,, nder Sab'inyu mromsi i Of ir -J -5; •»?-•,> Of TREVES. 129 3.^T^O this fucceeds the Archbifiioprick of Triers or Treves, Dioce- X fis Treveretjfis, extended along the courfe of the Mofelle, from the Confines of Lorrain unto the Rhine, A Countrey rather pleafant than fruitful, hilly and full of Woods, rich chiefly in Minerals of Iron and Lead: Chief Places are, r. Tritr Germ. Treves Gallis, Tnveri Itaiisy Co- Ionia Treverorum Tac. Augujla Mela, Augufta Treverorum Ftol, Augufia Li' btra Pliny, Treveres Sahiano, Civitas Treverorum Ant, the Metropolis then of the firft Belgica, and Refidence of the Vicar-General of Gaul, feated upon the M^elle, now an Archbi(hop's See, and chief of the Countrey, whofe bHhopis Chancellor of France for the Emperor. Built and named from Trebeta, Brother toNinus King of Ajfyria, Anno ante Ckr*(tum 1496, tefte Baud, It^ ancient Inhabitants were the Trevtri of Cafaraind Liv. the Treveri Fhn, d^ Mela^ tu TreviriPtol, 2. Cobolentz, al, CoblentZj, Legio prima Trajana Ptol, Confluentes Ant. feated at the In- flux of the River Mofelle and Rhine. A Town populous and well built, the Countrey about it very pleafant and fertile. 3. Hermanftein, Hermanns Saxum, alfo Ernbretflein, or Erenbreitfiein, a ftrong Caitle^ notable for its long Siege, 1636, oppoHte to C0k«9/i&. Mount-Royal upon the Mofel, buiic by the King of France, \\2l mo- dern and ftrong Fortification. .>^ v.; , ..:'.: % , i..^ Of the Palatinate of the R H I N E. NExt to thefe lies the Palatinate of the Rhine : Palatinas inferior Rheni, P/altz, Me Rbein or Nder PfaltzGarmanis, Palatinat du Riin. Gallis, This Countrey (before thofe unhappy Wars betwixt the Emperor Ferdinand the Second, And Frederick the Fifth, Count Palatine of the Rhine, (whereby it was much ruinated ) was accounts ed themoft fruitful and pleafant of all Germany, efpecially for its ex- cellent Rbenijb Wines. Chief Places are Heidelburg, Heidelhrga, by fome thought to be the Budoris of Pro/. Some Authors call it Edelberg, which fignifies the Noble Mountain : Others Eidleberg, which figni- fiesthe Near Mountain ; Ceated on the South-fide of the River Neccar, in a Bottom, amongft Hills. It was an Univerfity, ever fince theyeaj: 1546, founded by Rupert Count Palatine, and much frequented. In the great Church was kept that famous Library, which was after- wards carried to Rome, and added to the Vatican. Upon the Town- houfe is a Clock with divers motions. The Eledlor Carolus Ludovi- ■\' ■ etis 41 M i\6 ^ QitmAfiy\ ' CHS was Knight of the moft Noble Order of the Garter, Great Trea- furer of the Empire, and tbgether with the Elector of Saxony Vicar of the Empire. By the Treaty of Muvfter 1 648. he was reftored to the Lower Palatinate. In his Palace or Caftle of Heidelbmg are divers things remarkable, via. the Grotes and Waterworks. The Great Tun which contains about 200 Tuns. Other places are Mmheim, Manbemium, a Town and ftrong Fort at the Confluence of the Necear, or Necker and Rhine. The Bridge over the Moat of the Cittadel into the Town is alfo remarkable. Not far hence ftands the old Caftle P/aitx,, whence the Palatin4tes feem to have their Name of ?/<7//ss.. Grave. ■ \- .. ••jI-t'-'.S 1. • _'-■.'•'.■ Within the Limits of this County,andintermingIed with the Lands of this Prince Palatine, are the Bifliopricks of, i. Spiers, Neomagus of Ptol. Noviamagm hxit. Ni^meffiCcf. &Plin. telle Rhenano. .S^ir^Ita- lis, Sfire Gallis, famous for the Imperal Chamiber there kept, fixed at Francfort in the Reign of Maximilian the Firft, afterwards at Worms, and now laftly in the Year i yjo. tranflated hither.; 2. Of Worms Borbetomagus Ptol. & Bormitemagtts, Cir, Vangionenfis & Wormenjis of Ant. Latino Wormacia^ fimous for the many Imperial Parliaments there formerly held asaforefaid ; near which phce Molpbtts^ Earl of Najfaw, the King of the Romans, was flain in the Year 1292. by jilbert Duke of Aufiria, There is alfo belonging to this Biihoprick o^Sftre, Odenheim, or UdenheimGtT. Pbilipsburg Gal. Neomagus VtohtQ^Q J, Heroldo; taken by thQ Germans from the French 167J. Surrendred tatbe i7-«»c/6 1688. lx» theGarifon were if 00 Soldiers, 104 great Guns, 150 weight of Powder, and Provifions for feveral months. While the Dauphin viras bufied in this Siege, the Marquefs of Bouf- fieri f and the Baron of Monclar, made themfelves Mailers of all the Places round aboutj and put Garifbns into Spire, May^nce, Creufenack, Bauarach, Heydelburgb, and feveral other Places as far as Haylbron ,. great Contributions were demanded owioi Francmia, 1 00000 Crowns of the City of Frankfort, 300000 of tht Duke of Wtrtemburgh, But in June i689> we had the'News that the French had laid the Cities of Spire, Oppenbeim, Worms and Frankendale in Aflies. Weft of this Palatinate, if not belonging to it, is Zussejbrucken Inco- lis, Dettxpontj Gallis, the chief City of the Dukedom of the fame Name, by others called the Dukedom of Biponts. Charles Gujiaism was Son of John C<9/mffr^ a younger Brother to the Dukeof Zmry^ffc/I, but whether ir belongs to the Swedes, or Prince of Newburg, I do not (Cer- tainly find; I think it was taken by the French much about the time that the Prince of Lntx^lfttin received a French Garifon, 14S74, To this alfo rrea- ;ar of the divers Great nheinff ^eccar, el into Caftle TjaltZ.^ i Lands lagus of fir a Ita- )t, fixed : Worms, F Wormt nenfis of nts there Najfaw, er^Duke ^denheim, ^0; taken tcb 1688. veigbt of of Bfl«/- 3f all the renfenacky Haylbron , , Crowns rgb. But 1 Cities of chn Inco- the fame Uvffs was >brttcky but Id notcier- |t the time To this alfo Of Germafif. iji alfo let us Add the Lantgrave of DarmfiaJt, who has a Voice in the AffemblieSj and is of the Houfe of CaJJel, ■^ \. Of A L S A T I A. SOuthof this Palatinate lies the Province o^ Alfatiaf Elfafs, or £/- fatz, Germ, yilface Gallis, a Country that fcarce yieldeth to the beft in Germany for pleafure and fertility, abounding with Corn, Wine, and fundry forts of delicious Fruits. It is divided into the Uupper and Lower Alface, to which the French Geographers add Suntgow and Brif- gowy though all other reckon the latter to belong to the Circle of Sch-waben. Chiefer Towns in the Lawer Elfatz are fVeiffemborg, Alba Sebufianay feu WeiJJ'embergumy a. fair Town at the foot of the Mountain Vogefusy fortified by Nature and Art. Hagenaw, Hagenoia, once both Imperial Towns, now fubjed to the French ; as is Zabern, Taberna, Ant. oncethechiefSeatofJufticeof thcfiiftiopof^/rtfj^^A. Butthe chief Citj of all Alfatia is Strasburgb, populous, (trong and well built. The Church is one of the Wonders of the World, foJ the bignefs, the fumptuoufnefs, and the marvellous heighth of the Steeple, 5*74 foot, and the inimitable Structure. The Arfenalls alfo very confiderable, and well provided with all forts of Ammunition and Arms ; yet furrendred to the French 1682. The Argentorarum oiPto\. & Cic. Argentoracenji- um Ant. Argentina Italis. A bifhop's See, and Imperial City. In the Higher Alfatia, ^vtSchleftadySchUfiadium, Elce bos of Pto\. & Ant. Ctf/- mar built out of the Ruines of the Argentuaria of Ptol. & Ant. deftroy- ed by Attila and the Huns. Enfijheimy the Vruncisoi Ant. The Upper Elfatz, belonged wholly to the Arch-Dukes of y^«/?rw, the Lower to the Billiops of Strasburg. Both challenged the Title of Landtgraves. But fince the Treaty of Munfter, the French have enjoyed the greateft part. Chiefer Towns in Suntgow are Mulhaufeny a Town Imperial, confederate with the Switz^ersy noted for its Gardens and Mills. Mont- belltardy Mens Bclligardusj Monipelgard Germanis, ftands upon the Con- fines of Alfatia And Burgundy , and was fubjedl tb the Duke of IVtrtem- burg, until it was feized upon by the French; it is noted for its ftrong Fortrefs, and for a Difpute between Beza And Jac. Andreay alias Schmid- Itaus. Chief Towns in BrifgoWy or Brifgovia^ beyond the Rhine, are Friburgy Fr/^wm«w,aUniverfity,built by the Dukeof Zfr/wg-pw, 11 12, now poiTelTea by the French j not far from whence arc to be fcen the Ruins of Zeringen Caftle,from whence the ancient Dukes were Entitled. Brifach, Mons Brifiacus Anl. a Fortrefs then of the Romans, now of the French \ and well fortified. But Fort Huningen near Baz,el, and Fort S 2 Lcu'ij ■ 'i^' -r'jjpit'*^"*T^T^', ,,,p, — ■•••^,>?, / IJ2 * Of German f.' Lewis io the R/6^'»e, notfar from .j?/%- Jtwr^, Bifthurab. Wurtz,burg incolis, Evefche de Wurtsbourg Gallis. - Whofe chief places are Wunx^burg, Herbipolis quafi Herehipolis,Jf^trtz- ^«>^quafi Multopolii, oX\m Marcopolisy & Paapolis, tefte Irenico. & Ar- tatwum Ptol. tefte Petro Apiano, featecj upon the Main in a pleafant Plain, environed with Meadows, Gardens, and Viny Downs. 2. The Bifliop of Bamberg^ Gravionarum Ptol. tefte P. Apiano. Bamberga Sl Pamberga & Papeburga, in Script German. This City is large, fair, and entirely Catholick. The Bifhop is the firft of the Empire, it ac- knowledgeth no Metropolitan, but depends immediately upon the Pope. 3 . Mergentbeimy Mergetbeim & Morkentbal, & Marientaly Merge-' . tbum feu Maria Domusyths Refidence of the Great Maflerof theTeuto- nick Order, Thefe were (bme German Gentlemen who waited upon the Emperor Frederick the Firft in his Expedition to the Holy Land, who took the Croifado, and were Inftalled at the Church or Hofpitai of St. Mary Jerufalem, and called Marianites, Their Order differed no- think from the Tempkrs of St. Jobn, but in form and colour of their Crofs. After the taking o(Jerufalem by Saladine, thefe Knights went to Ptolomais; from vfhence Frederick the Second fent for them into Gtr- many to fight againli the Truffians and Livonians, who at that time were Pagans ; which War began in the Year 1220. In a little while after thefe Knights had made themfelves Matters of a Country of very large extent, and obeyed the Order till 125 y. at which time Sigij- mundy King of Poland, gave the Inveftieureof Prw^rfunto Jlbert Mar-. quis of Brandenburg. In the Year 1^65 the Great Malter became Se- cular again, and took part of the Lands fubje^ to the Order, with the JVame of Duke of Cpar/W. . r; l- ; , 4. The %i'' t'lf >i Of Qermany. »SJ tions :hwe .Into tis go- Power iiop of Vloun- iCorn Wirtz,-' Gallis. pleafant 2. The jerga &; ge,fair, . e, it ac- pon the , Merger le Teuto- ;d upon y Land, Hofpital 'ered no- of their Its went nto Ger- lat time :le while r of very Tie Sigijr fert Mar- ;ame Se- withtlifi The 4. The Biflioprick ofEidfiaJt, or Aicbfiadt, Ala Nirafca Ant. & AHrtatttm tefte Gafp. Brocio near the Danube. The chief of the Laicks are the Marqueffes of Culltmbacb and Omhacb, the Counts of Holac, IVertheim and Erpach, or Erbach, who find their Original from a Daughter of CbarlefnaiirKe, who married to a Gentleman after flie had carried him upon her back through the Court of the Palace. The Im- perial Towns are, i. Nuremberg, J^orimburg, Nurnburg Germ. Nerober- ga & Noricorutn Mons, Norica C^efari. A place of great Trade, and well frequented by Merchants. The faireft, moft priviledged, richeft, and beft governed in Germany. Here the new-chofen Emperor ought to hold his firft Diet ; and here are the Ornaments ufed at the Coro- nation of the Emperors; viz. the Royal Crown: The Dalmatick Gown: The Imperial Cloak, c^**:. Here was MiA:iwi/w«j Wooden Ea- gle, that flew a quarter of a mile, and back again. And here the Bur- gers have power to imprifon their Children^ and caft them alive into the River. Here Cbarles the Great defigned ta make a Communication of palTage between the Danube and the Rbine, by joining the Rednitz, and the y^rww/ Rivers, whereby there might have been a Commerce by Water from the Low-Countries to r/f»»<»,and even unto the Euxke, But feme inconveniencies in the attempt, and his Warlike Diverfions^ ;made him give over that noble Defign. ' ^!i /vi\'. jv.;} -r-v . :; 2. Frankfort J Francfort, or ,Frankfurt, Francofurtum & Francpbordia, HelempoliSy oUm Trajeilus Francorum. The paffage or Ford of the Franks. A free City, and reckoned in the Circle of Franconia by moft Geographers, though I rather take it to be in the Circle of the Higher Rhine. It is renowned for its Book- Fairs, or Marts,< iri March, and in Septemben For its Fortrefs, and for the Ele<5tion of the ETrnperor. It is a large and ftrong place, divided into two parts, Frankfurt and Saxenbaujen, by the River Main, united by a Stone- Bridge. Other Imperial Towns in Franconia , are i. Schwinfort, Suevorum Traje6lus, Smnfordia & Suvinfurtum, feated in a fruitful Soil; 2; jRo- tenburg al. Tuberutn, feated upon the River Tauber, which fomc fay is like Jerufalem for its Scituation upon Hills, and for its many Turrets., g. fVeinpieim Vmifima ^yinjhemia Winfiaim. 4. AUdorff 3, Univerfity,. 1.62^. ;■ y _." .1- t» .■'. . •< "* > - . . j0b-*^J^i'i> ■•■» ^:^r■^ ^ . Of H A S S I A^ " :iii .•.•J>o: .-.-fi^j; ADjoining to F)i««»w on the North-weft is the Landgravelhip of Htjjen, or Hajjiay of a healthy Air, and a fruifulSoil in Corn and Pafturage. Sonje Authors would have it fo name J from the Ciittiam .^^ ^' mmmm --«. -s ;-'H.. f|4 OfGevmAifj. Catt'tans, who did inhabit this Country by changing the Letters ; whence it is yet called Caiz.fn-Elbogtn. Beatut Rhenarms^Ub, i. faith, that the Heftans coming out of IW^'Gerniarty, and having expelled the C<7fr/; did poifefs thefe parts, and called it afccr their own Name. There is none but the Houfe of Heffe that takes its chief Title of Land- graviate from thence. That of Mfatia was transferred to the King of Frame by the Treaty of Mmfier ; that of Leuchtemberg to the Hou^ of Bofvaria by the Marriage of Duke Albert with MariUu, Heirefs of that Principality j That of Thurivgia belongs to the Duke of Saxom 5 that of Saufentburg to the Marquifsof Baden j and that of NoUembourg to the Houfe of Aujhiai the Count of Furjtemberg takes upon him the qua- ftyled Landgraves of Klegen. HaJ/ia was heretofore only a County, lity of Landgrave of Stilltngutn and Bath ; and the Counts of Sultz, are and part of the Principality of Thurmgia. The greateft part of the Country is now divided into two Families, the one of Cajjel, the other of Darmfat oiihe youngell Houfe; chief places belong- ing to the Landgiaves, are Cajely Cajfella & Caftlia, Cajhlla Cattc- rum & Stereontmm Ptol. tefte Pyramio upon the River Fuld, the chief Seat of the Landgraves. 2. Marfurg, or Martyurgy Marpur- gum & Mortis- burgam, Mattiacum Ptol. tefte Ortel. & Amajta, Baud. upon the River Lobriy an Univerfity founded in the Year 1426. by Lewis Biftiop of Munfier, Here the Landgraves have a ftately and mag- nificent Caftle, mounted upon a high Hill without the Town, enjoying a pleafant profpeft, and one of their chief ploces of Refidence. 3. Darmfiad with its Caftle,isthe Seat and Inheritance of the youngeft Houfe of the Landgrave. Part of this Country of HeJJ'en belongs to the Abbey ofFulda^ one of the richeft and moft celebrious in Europe, Anno 1640. it was taken by Bannier, and here he heard a Voice in (he Air, Begone, Bannier, be gone, for now the time «r; yet he lived to get that Vi^ory at Homberg in Hajjia, bstwcen Fridberg and Francford, But at the Battel near the Kivtr Sale, valoroufly defending a Bank, be was forced to yield, and goethito Halberfi-adty where voiding much Blood and Matter through an Impoftume, or breaking of a Vein, he put an end to his life, and to all his toyl and labours. This Abbey was founded by St. Boniface an Englifhman: This Abbot is a Prince of the Empire, and Arch-Chancellorof the Emprefs, calls himfelf Pri- mate oi Gallia; his C6uniy is called Bu(hen, BuchaviaJ[ron\ the plenty of Beeches. To which we may add the Abbey of Hirchfeld betwixt Hejd'en and the Rhine, and intermingled lies the Confederation of ^^r- r*r<»M;, or a Combination of many Eftstes, viz. i. Earls or Counts of l^ajjaw, from whence theIlluft«ous Gr^w Af^. Afrtr^ & Ravensburgy under Brandenburg, Hoya under Lunenbur/r and f/e/^. Li»ge under the Prince of Or<»»^e. Emmerland in part un- der the D»/fi&. Ritbarg & Piremont under the Count of Ii/>/>e, Ben- the'tm, Borchftenforty Rbeda, Tecklenborg, PViedf Brankborfi or Gronifeld, Dilleborg, Diepbolt, Mandefcheid, 8:c. under their own Counts. Ab- bies, vtzj, Corbey, EJ/'en, &c. yy . The free Cities arc, 1. Emden^ the AmaJIaPtol, te(teCleverh. 2. Her' verden. 3. Brake, 4. Soe/f. y. Dortmund in the County of Mark, 6. Lemgow in the County of Lio. The Title of fTefipbalia SLsDucaX is ufurped by the Archbifhop ofCollen, everfince the prefcription of Duke Henry, Sirnamed theL/o». Our fccond Divifion o^ Germany was that of the Dunnbe, wherein may be comprehended tirll Suevia Itaiis, Schwaben Germanis, Sovabe Gallis, Of the Circle of Suevia or Almaigne, Schwaben JmoliSf SovabQ Gallis* TH E Circle or Dukedom of Scbwaben ovAlmaigney for by thcfe two Names the ancient Dukedom was called ; The State was crei^ed under this laft Title by Clovis King of the Frencb. The firft Dukes were but Governours under the FrcwcA during pleafure. After the divifion of the Frencb Empire by the Sons of Lewis the Godly ; and that the Empire was tranflated to the Germans, they became He- reditary. The firft that tranfmitted this Honour to Pofterity was Fr^- dtritk the Firft, created Duke of Schwaben, or Almaigm by Henry the Fourth. Conradinus, taken Prifoner in Italy in his Wars againft Charles Duke of Anjou, and afterwards beheaded at Naples, without Heirs, was the laft Dukeof Schwaben, and in whom ended the Succeflion and Family of the Fredericks. After this Difafter the Dukedom for want of Heirs falling to the Empire^ became fcattered irito fundry leffer States, viz. Ecclefiafticks, Laicks, and Iihperial Cities. The Bifliops arc, I. Of Ausbourg, whofe Refidence is at DiUing. 2. Of Confiavce, whofe Refidence is at Mersburg. 5. Of Coire in the Grifons. Other Grand Prelates are, firft the Abbot of Kempton: 2. The Grand Prior of the Order of Maltha, whofe Refidence is it Heiterjheim about. two J LiiL^.M ^ "^^^l ^. ; ■vrf 1 3 15 Wf Gtrmny. ' Walburg, Limhurk Jufltn^en; are ^onfidemble. Befides thefc, there are fome parts wholly b&ionging to the Empire. Corjjfafjce, Confiantia^^Qatf*^ on the Bodenx^ce, belofigeth to the Houfe 'ofAufitia. Anno 1^48. it was outlawed by Charles thQ Fifth ; and is fmmous for the Coun^cil here held, Aww 1414. whoje were affem- bled the Efwperor Si^ifwun J j four Patriarchs, 29 Cardinals, 346 Archblfhops and Bilhops, 5*64 Abbots and Doctors, 16000 Secular Princes and Noblemen; 4p Harlots, 600 Barbers, 520 Minflrels and Jsiicrs. The bufinefs was the depofing of three Popes, Gregory the J.ich at Rome, John the 250 at Bonon'u, and Renret the igth in S/)^/«, and fetting up /Wrfr/w>lfe" Wth. And the degrading and burning of Hierormoi Prague ^ and '^(m^Biis, without any refpedof the fafe condu'f» bought its Liberty for If 000 L/x>rc/. Z/»- daw ftands upon an Illand in the Lake Cmftance, and is joined to the firm Land by a Bridge 290 Paces Iong> belonging to the Emperor, who hath given it the priviledge of coining Money. Memm'mgkn the Drufomagus of Ftol. is very ancient. Nortlingen or NorMitJghen is re- markable for the Battel which the Swedes lolt 1634. where General Bunnier was (lain, and Guftavtts Horn taken Prifoner. Rotv^iel, for the lofs of Martial Gnebriant 1643. for being a Retreat to the Cimbri when beaten by the Rowans. Wimpfex, or Fuimpnai fignifying Weib- ffrisy for the unheard Cruelties of the Huns upon that Sex. Here For- tune triumphed over Valour, and Magnus Duke of fVirtemburg died in the Battel 1622. Gute'wund, Gaudia Mundi, noted for its Tujnaments and other Paftimes. Here are reckoned 3 5- Free Towns, viz,. Raven- fptrg,Buchaii>^U]}on the liike Federfse, Biberachy PtHllendorffyIfln,Buchorn&' Ut>?.rltfig€n, upon the Lake Confiance, or the Boden See. IVangen the Nemaria o( Antonim, Offtnburgy & Gengenbach nQan the Rhine, 6cc. f • O^ B AVA R I J: TH!E Circle of jB/JX'dn*/, BayernlncoUs, BaviereGalLty Baviera Hifp, & Italis. Ohm Boioria & Vtndiliciay fo called by the addition of one Letter from the Avarimt the remainder of the HunnsjWho having driven out the Nortcians, feated themfelves in this Country j and alio j&cyrfn.3! from th»^c/V?«jj, a People of G^//wC//^//)/w^,whofometimesdwelc hert The Air is wholfome, and the Country is pleafant. The Na- rifciar.i, Vtnddicians and Noritians were the firlHnhabirants ; is divided into th.^ Dutchy and Palatinciie. The Dukedom is divided into three parts J the Higher, the Lower, and the Archbifhoprick of i'^Z/^^i'^owrg-, aDiflrict,anddifl:injw is gene- rally overfpread with Wouds, cold and barren. THc Lower fome- what more fruiti'ulj and abundantly more pleafant. in the Upper Ba- varia chief places ArQ^Mmcheny Monacbiumy or Munich upon the River i/cr.the Refidence of the Dukes of Bavaria^ and one of the faiceft Pa- laces in Europe J enjoying a moft fvveet and happy Scituation fittong the 1 Woods, Gardens and Rivers, famous alfo for its feizure 1^ the King of Sweden J who found a vaft Treafury herein. In tiie Lower Bavaria are, i. hgolfiat, or Anglofadiumy a noted Univerfuy, founded in the Year 1471. and is famous for putting the firft AJPronr upon the King of Sweden m Germa?)y,And forced him to raife^e Siegoby LewiiDuku T z r r • > of m mm ^% i>,o Of GermAny, of Bavaria, ^. RfgerjJ}>ergj ox Regensherghy RatishotJe ; built by the Third JEmperbr, Claudius ftberim Nero, Called Tthrina, or Augufta iti- ' ■ '" ^»row«i Regifter called Cafird Regiva\ famous for the vent 10 yj Diets held there, and for its long Bridge j a fair and large City, beau- tified with a great number of Churches, Chappels, and other places dedicated to Religious ufes. 'Tis a Bilhop's See, and Town Imperial. 2.Faj[faWyPataviuw,BojoduruWfVtol.&.'int,At\(}Batava of thQAmhoroi the * Notitia, then a Garifon-Town of the Romans, theftation of the Cohort of the Bat avians, now a Biftiop's See, feated at the meetings of th^ Rivers Danube, Inn, and Ills, and divided into three Towns, PaJfaWy Jnfiaty and llflat. - LanJjhut is a fair Town upon the Ifer. Freiftngen is a Bilhop's See, 'feated upon a*hill. LanJJperg is near unto the Mps of Tirol, Donavert was a Free City till the year 1607. at what time it in- curred the Imperial Ban or Profcription, which was executed by the Duke of Bavaria, who brought it into Subjedtion, and holds it ftill under his X-aws. Confined within the Dukedom oi Bavartay\\Qi the Archbiflioprick of Salztburghyof a dry Rocky, and barren Soil, fome frefher Vallies excepted; rich chiefly in Minerals. Ths only Town of Note is Saltzhurgb, Salisburgum, al. yuvania of /int. ^ Cafirum Juvavienfi of the Notitiay the Manfion then and fixed Refidence of part of a Co- hort of Rof^an Soldiers, now an Archbifhop's See, whofe Revenues are the largeft in all Germany, feated upon the River Saltzach, where lies Interred the Body of Paracelfus. The more Af\cient Inhabitants were the VindHici, Florus, and others. ; ^ The Countrey of the Upper Palatinate or Nortgcw, from the more Northern Scituatioh of it as to the Dukedom, is a Countrey rough and hilly, rich chiefly in Minerals of Iron. Amberg, Amberga Cantiabis, Ptol, tefte P. Af>f. upon the River Ills, enriched chiefly by the Commodity of Iron digged out of the Neighbouring Hills. The Caftle of Lucb- ttmburg n\o\iT\tzd upon a Hill, gives Name to the Lantgraves fo called. Tfreimbt is the chief Town of the Landgraves of Luchtenberg. Newburg Upon the R. Swartzacb, is the place whereof are ftiled the Princes Pa^ htthi^jSif Newburg, the fecond Branch of the Houfe of the Eledlor of the /?/5m(ir, to whom this Palatinate did belong; but in the year 162;. the Emperor Ferdinand the Second transferred this Palatinate, with the Electoral Dignity, from Frederick the Fifth, Count Palatine, to Maximiltan D\ikQ,Q^ Bavaria, and the M«»/?«r- Treaty conferred to Ba^ (hip ; and an eighth place was new erected for e, provided chat if the GtiUdmine Branch hapr ^ ' " ' pen varta t Cbarks- \ ' ) •^ the ati- ir the 3eau- [)laces )erial. of the :ohort oftb-. 'affaWy ^. I'sSee,- -- ; it in- 3y the it mil loprick Values Slote is vienfi of ' a Co- evenues where abitants le more ugh and btsy ?tol, modity Lucb- b called. nces Par edtor of ar 162;. te, with atine, to d to^<«- aed for nch hapr pen ; 7- i^ Of Germany. 141 pen to fail before the R&Mphinej the latter (hall re- enter into their an- cient Eledtorfhipjand the new-created one ihall be wholly abolifted. There is in this Countrey the Mount Pmifer, commonly called Fitch- telkrgb, being fix miles about ; out of which there doth flow four ''. famous Rivers, the Adane, the ISlah, the Sal, and the Eger, which winding in the figure of a Crofs, do run towards the four Corners of the World. The more ancient Inhabitants were the Narifci oi Tacitus, afterwards t[\Q BoieariartSy or Bavarians, their firfl: known Habitation^. - Give me leave to add fome of the old BavarianLsiws. It was enad- ed. That the Judge, to the end he might judge rightly, fliould have the Book of the Statutes, and that thereby he fliould determine and' . end all Suits and Controverfies. Neither fliould the Judges refpe<9: Perfons or Gifts ; but when he had judged rightly, he fliould have the Ninth part of the Compofition-Money ; but if wrongfully, he fliould pay twice as much as he had taken away by his unjuft Judg- ment; and moreover fliould be fined Forty fliillings. He that fold?- any thing confiderable for a certain Price, fliould fet down the bargain . in writing, and have wirneiTes thereunto. No bargain or Sale, un- lefs it were free and voluntary, fliould be firm and current. But I . muft not be burdenfome with the repetition of thofe Laws which, Johft Boeme Aubanm has treated of at Large. -,., . 'T^S' ■v-j Of. AV S T R I J.: TH E only Arch-Dutchy in Europe^ is Auftria, or Oofi-reich, divided ' , into the #pper and lower Auflria, and hath united to it, as He- - reditary poffeilfion of that Houle, the Provinces or Dukedoms ofSr/- ria, Carinthtay Carmola, the County of 7/r

f 200000 Men he brought before it, hecar- ried away but 1 18000, Jnno 1^29. And as famous for this laft Re- pulfe oi September the 12th. 168;. for being clofely befieged by the Prime Vizier with 20.000 I'urks, Tartars, Cojfacks, and Hungarian Malecontents on the iitb of JmIjIj 1683, and as valoroufly defended by that Magnanimous Hero EmeftusEudiger Count Starenbergh, asGo- vernour, was then manfully relieved by the Invinoiile Prince, John King of Poland, the Eledors of Bavaria and Saxony, the Duke of Lorrain, Piince Waldeck, P.Salme, P. Lcuis oi Baden, and the Marq'ns o{ Brandtnhurgh, Baraitb, &c. during this Siege, the Turks were faid to have loft 70000, and in t'te Battel more than 20^00 men ; that the Chriftians loft locoo or ifooo duringthe Siege, and about ; or 400 on that great and fignal Victory, when the liirks formidable Ar- my was totally defeated , their Camp ( which was infinitely rich ) their Baggage, Cannon, and Tents all taken, and Fienna happily re- lieved^ wlien broijght to its laft extremity. Oth^E places in Aufhia are Lintz,, Aradati of Pfo/. the Refidence of the EmpertJir during the Siege of Vienna, no: great, but asneuand handfome a City as moft in Germany. The Houfes built of white Free- ftone, and the Caljije is of the Modern Fortification. Here is a Bridge over t\\QDanube\ fefefieged by 40000 Peafants of /V«//n/», in the time of FerdiKand the SecoH^ at laft overcome by Tapenhetm, 1 Efis N!'*- ■ T'l'-AiL w ^»lp ^^^mmmmmm^'mimmm ^ : Col- nesy Ot With- hich is und of tier, fp ., 1 in the riofities Biftiop, rs; the le Her- . ble alfo rislike- ;/,beinfv )btained Prifoner ia. Fa- ir of the , hecar- laft Re- d by the iungarian defended /6, asGo- ice, John Duke of Marquis A/ere faid len ; that 30ut ; or dable Ar- ly rich ) appily re- nd ence of nc^c and hitc Free- ls .1 Bridge the time Ens S'y Of Germany, 14 j t,ns''AmfiitjVi:pot\ the River Anljm or Onu[uij near which ftood the Lauriacum of old, now Lorch a Roman Garifon, and afterwards a BiihopV See. Gmundt, is confiderable for its (lore of Salt, digged out of the borc\^ -ing Mountains. '^i^-^cji .UJ';. Mdckey Noma/c, or Alea DikBa, once the Seat of the MarquefTes of ■Jufiria,- noted for its noble Cloifter of Betiedi^iines, which overlooks the Town and the Tomb of St. Colman there much honoured. At Stein is a Bridge over the Danube. Crembs is a Walled Town. Baden about four German miles from Vienna, is a pretty Walled Town,' • feated near a part of Mount Ct m, which divided Noricum^romPan^ nonia» Moft remarkable for its ^jaths, which are much frequented, and are nine in number. • > NeTvJiat is one of the Chiefeft Cities in AuHria^ it is of a Iquafe fi- ;. gure, with a Piazza in the middle of it. Here was Count Feter Seri- v ni, and Frangivanij beheaded, as chief Contrivers of the Hungarian . ' Revolt. * ' , Pretronelj or Hjiimburgy the fame, or near to the Carnmtum of P//«. c^ -^ Liv. Carnm of Ptol. a ftrong Hold of the Pannonians, in vain attempted by the Romans 170 years before the Incarnation, fubdued in the time of y'«^;»/?ay, .and made a Roman Colooy. Here refided the Emperor Antonius Phylojo^hus three years, and died at Vrndihona, now Vienna. AndihttQSe'verm was Eleded Emperor, ruined in after times by Attiid in his Incurfions, into thefe parts. The ancient Inhabitants of the lov/er Attfiria ^yere part of the Mar^ comannio^TticitTts ; thofe of the higher AuHria were part of the Novici , Riper/ii, and dl^e Upper Pannoma. ■k. Of s r T R I A 'i^i 'A'-TX^i\^' fc ^ THE Marquifate of Stiriaf alias Steirmarck, is a Hilly and Moun- tainous Countrey, rich chiefly in Minerals. Tiie Inhabitants are much troubled with a Difeafe called Struma ^ or the Kir>gs-Evil, a fwel- ling of the Throat, proceeding from their more cold and moifl: Air, or from their more (harp and piercing Waters mingled with Snow, or with the virofe (treams and particles of Mtrcur)' or other Minerals, defcending from off their Mountains. ^ >*^ Its chief Place isGratz, Graiacum,Gracium,d^Sa'v,iriaUDOT\ the Mar. Petatv is the Petavmm of Ptol. and the Petcbwoi Am, Marcel. & Pdto- vio Ant. R'icklelpurp- d^ Pruckj or Poreigy the Bolentium and MuripoT^cs of the Ancients. Secknvi, or Sehu, a Bifhop's Se&, and C>//, the Celeia oiPlinjy are of the greateft Pilgrimages in the.i!f«'//rw« Territory. -. /•' s ^< ^h / -.:f ■PHP V 144 Of Germ Any, The Ancient Inhabitants were the taurifci of Strak or part of the JSioric't, rather a part of the Vannoniu Of C A R IN T H I A. CAr'mthia lies on the Weft of Styria : Its chief Places are Ctagenfm, near the Lake ^er^f/f^, Claudia Plw,teHe Laz,. A fair four-fquare Walled Town, with a fair Piazza in the middle, adorned with a Co- lumn of Marble, and a Statue of the Virgin upon it, alfo with a Sta- tue of the Emperor ; alfo with a noble Fountain in the middle, over which is a large prodigious Dragon of ftone, and Hercules with his Club ftanding before it. At Bkyburg are Lead-mines, where they have worked iioo years, and the Pit is no fathom deep. Si, yeit^ or St, Faith Vitopoluy feated upon the Confluence of the Rivers Glan and fFunUh, a Walled Town, with fix Churches and a Piazza with a remarkable Fountain. In fight of St, Veit are four Hills with Chappelsupon them, to all which upon one day^of the year the Inhabitants go in devotion on foot, which is near thirty Englijh miles. Not far from St, Veit is a place called Saal or Solva,; Ager SohjenfisyXii Zolfedr^ a place fruitful in Antiquities; among otbers that of the Kings Chair, ufed at the Inftalling of the Duke of Camtbiay which among other Ceremonies, whether he hs King, Prince, or Emperor, either himfelf or his Subititute receives a gentle box on the Ear from a Coantrey man. Lavemondty or Lavanmyndy Lavanti OBium, a Bi/hop's See. ViHachJuliam Carnkum & Vacorium oi.Ptol, teste Jt^ih. Sahel, upon the Dra, And Gruck^ a Bifiiop's See. The more ancient Inhabitants were the Cayni of Vtol. & Vlin, . .>,: • v^ Of C A R N I L A M. TH E Dukedom of Camiola, by the Germans Krain, is rich in Corn, Wine, and Oyl ; Chiefer Towns are Laihach, or Laback^ Laba- cunty the Pamportii of Straboj and Nauportm of Plin. Memorable for the ftory of the fhip Argonauta, wherein was brought the Golden Fleece from Pontus Euxwusy ftopped here by the bordering Mountains, and carried over land to the Adriatkk Sea, and fo brought back again unto Greece, Krainburg Is a very ftrong place. And Gorecz Goritium, near the Adriatkk, upon the River Lijonz^e, belongs to the Archduke of Aui-hia ; as alfo the Earldoms o^ Lilly and Windi^marck, the chief place of the firft beareth i^e fame name; the chief place oi the latter is Metling >fthe enfifrt, fquare a Co- , aSta- e, over s with :rethey of the s and a »ur Hills year the /fc miles. t of the », which fmperor, lit from fel. upon in Corn, ckf Laha- )rable for e Golden lountains, , [ack again \iuM, near Ihduke of ;hiefplace |e latter is • 0/ Germd^y, 14s Metlingi the MetatJuw, or Metalum of 5/r. Here alfo is the Z^rk* fiitzer-Sea, or the famous ftrange Lake Zirnitzer, or Ziricbnitz,, Ltt- geum, or Z.«^ ':. ' ';.V ; Co^k^, Coftriin, CuFlrin & Kufrin, is a very ftrong Fortrefs, faid never yet tSien ; it baffled the King of Sweden in the Year 163 1. H:i- velbufg is theSeat of a Bifhop. Stendal is the Metropolis of Alt- March, feated upon the Rjve: Ucbt, Soltv/edel, or Solwel (i, e. the Houfe or Temple of the Goi Sol) on the banks of the River Jetz,e, Gardkben, laid to be the Ancient {^^r^M^?, from the Image of ^ here wocfliipped^ Of Germ Any* 149 IS famous for its Beer, and Hops. Oranknhwrg^ formerly Bolza-w^ af- fords thegreateft variety of pleafures, being encompaflcd with Parks and Forelts. Befides this Marquifate whereunto the Eledoral Dignity is annexedjthere belongs to this Prince the Dutchy of Pryffia in Poland. The butchy or moiety of Pomerania. The Reverfion of the Dutchy of Magdeburg. The Dutciiy oiClevesy and Earldom of Marck ; The Prin- cipalities of Halberftat'm Brunf-ivick, And Mindenin ff^efipbaha^ which hc had in lieu of his Refignatioh of the Higher Pomerania to the Swede. The Dutchy of CroJJ'en, and Lordlliip of Pregnitz. in Silejta. Thdjii- rifdidion oiCotbufs, orCotufisy and the other Towns in Lufatia, or Lauf- nitz. The Branches of this Family are the Marqueffes of CuieM' bach and Onfpacb. 0/ Pomerania, or Pomeren. Pomerania lies extended alt along the Shore of the Baltick Sea^ di- vided into the Upper and Lower PomereA, now Royal and Ducal Pomeraniay the firft belonging to the Swedes, the latter to the Eledor of Brandenburg. A Country plain, populous, and in fome places fruit- ful in Corn, Paflurage, Honey, Butter, Wax, Flax and Beer, viz. the Bitter Beer of 5;efi», the Mum ofGrip/wald, the Knock-down of mUin.. Chief Places in Pomerania Royal, are 5mm,5^ef/»«w, memorable for its brave Siege, and as brave defence in the Year 1671. when taken from the Swedes, fmce reftored again by the Treaty of Nimeguen. Wolliny v/h&nJuUnunt a fiouriining Emporium, ^no 1170. facked by Waldemarus King oi Denmark. Gripfwald a noted Uhiverfity ; its Fields and Cattel are tinctured with the tafte of Wild Garlick. ^V- gafi over-againft the Ifle Ufidom. Camin, a Bifliop*s See, over-againft the Ifle 01 fVollin. Straelj'undt, alias Sundis, a well-traded Empory over-againft the Ifle Rugen ; taken by the Eleftor of Brandenburg 1678. but by the Treaty of Peace figned at St. Germain s en Laye, July 29. 1679. he refigned it back to the Swedes, Chief Places in Ducal Pomeran, are Colbergut the mouth of the River Perfandt. Cojlin upon the River Radnie. Newgarten upon thQJUtitPierf- beck , Stargart upon the Ina , Rugenwal upon the PTtpper,' are all confiderable Towns. The famous 0^er,having paffedGartz andGrieffenbagen, and entrirg into Pomeraniay divides its felf into feveral Branches or Arms, con- taining therein many large and fair Meadows; whereof fome are above twa£«^///2» miles in breadth; After it ha#paffedby Stetiny it di- €• lates >(• ,.# -^' 1^0 ' Of Germmy, ^^^ Utes it felf into the DawMijh Sea or Lake, then into the Damantzie, or ? faff enwaJJ'er, and at laft Ipreads it felf intoa Vaft Frefii- water Ocean called Dot grojfe Frifck-Haff, extending it felf about 46 EngUjh miles in length, and 4 in breadth : which Lake difembogues it felf iuto the J?<»//itf? Sea in three Currents or Harbours, the Dmwt/w^, S-wyne, andP«- nemmde, * This (hall fuffice for the Higher ^/^xow/, or the Eighth Circle of the Empire. Come we next to that of the Lower Saxony ^ which contains, The Dutchy of Mecklenburg. MEchlhuriienJisfjive Megahpolitam Ducatus, lies next to Tomerania, along the Coaft of the Baltick Sea, c^a fruitful Soil, and rich in Corn. The Princes or Dukes whereof are now divided into two Branches; the one whereof make their Refidence at SHevin. or Schwe- rin, upon a great Lake,' a Bilhop'sSee, whofefirft Bifliop, 7o^» Scotus, was cruelly nartyred, ^nn. 1260, by the fFe»di(h Apolhtes. The other at Gu/lr Oft f or Guftrow, a well fortified Town, about 18 or 20 EngUfh miles from Rofhck, and have now each of them a moiety of the Dutchy, and are faid to be derived from the Vandal Princes. However in thelateGerfw<»»^v.^'" mm mm mm Chief places are Smnfwick, al Braunfwj/ck & Rrunfviga & Bruttopolis J the Tutifurgium of Ptol ufie Appianoy upon the River Oacer, and one of the chief Hans-Tov/ns, containing about feven miles in compaf, fair, .populous, and ftronpiy fortified with a double Wall, peopled with induftrious Inhabitcnts, jealous of their Liberty ; Governed in man- ner of a Free Eltate, held under the right of the Princes. Iti chief Trade is in Hides and Mum; GoJIar, Gojlaria, a Town Imperial. All the Houfes in this City are covered with a glittering kind of Slat; the Inhabitants are all Miners, and the only Trade of the Town is in dig- ging, cleanfing,. tempering, and vending all manner of Metals, ex- cept Gold; and a great many choice Minerals of the Country, as Vi- triol, Brimftone, Quiokfilver, Copperas, cl^<:. Holmjhfit is reckoned the oldeft City in Saxcny ('except Baramkk) hnik by the Emperor C'jarles the Great, about Jnn. Dom. 782. it is famous for its Ar-demia Julia^ or Univerfity. IVdfenbuttel, a very ftrong Caftle, and the Refidence of the Dukes of E:'mfwick, where is a famous Library ; with- in thefe Territories v/ere alfo included the Principality of Halbtrfiat^ now under r'-e Eleftor oi Brandenburg,2iX\d the Rifhoprick oi HiUedyam, the AJcalinfium of Vtol. & Irenicus, the Abbey Quedelimburgy whr \b" botefs was fometimes Princefsof theEmpirc,now fubjed to the . yale of Saxony. Hannover is the Seat and Title of another Branch off the Dukes oiBrunfwkki whofe Duke is a Catholick, and by MunfierTrcA- ty Bifliop of Ofnaburg, in whole Territories are Caknburg, Grubenha- gen, Gottingen^ and Hamelen^ where the Inhabitants keep the Records of the famous Piper, who in 1284. drew the Boys of the Town in- to a Ca* c, who were never after heard of. Lunabttrgenfis Duciitus^ Herfzogtbumb Lumnbourgl incolisi Dutche tie Lufiebotrg Ga'Iis, The Countrey is plain, the Air (harp and healthful, and the Soil barren. The chief Town is, Lunenburg, Luvaburgunh^ up- on the River Vlmey now one of fhs Six Hans-Towns, large, popu- lous, and adorned with fair Btiildings, whofe chief Trs je is m Salt. O//, or 2?//, is 'he Refidence of ti.c Dukes, about 10 Ge/>w<;;/n[5ilesdi- Itant from Laneburg. ^'^te,.. \ ^""^ Of Bremen, Epifccpatus Breme nls. TH IS Diocels or Archbiftioorick ofBrenen is a Country who(e ex- treme parts aloiJg the Elbe and fVeftr are very fertile for Corn and Paf^u-age, the more inner pare? wild and barren. Bremen an Archbifliop's Secyand a Univerfity, or Gymnajsuwy an Imperial City, and the ilwrd Haii^Towii, give: name to the Countrey j it is feated . ■ , : j 1 \ ^ ;:.--.« \. upon MPV wmm Of Qfffkiny, i^J opoii the right fide of the Wtjkr^ large, populous, lich, anJ well- era" ded, ahd ftrongly fenced, and is famous for its Art of drefCng Lea- tiier, and Cloth, and for their Fifli. Staday StaJtj a noted Hans-TowQ, accounted the moft ancient in Saxony, and once the Staple of the EvgUpj Merchant- Adventurers, now the place where the Ships pay Tole, ftrongly fortified. Bremerf- ford^ or Bremerverden, a Gaftle, and Village, where the Archblfhop did refide. But now the 53/;^^^^ have there a ftrong Gariibn. Charlsfiat is a ftrong Fort buiic by the Swedes near the mouth of the River IVejer^ This Country, with the*Principality of Ferden, or Vehrden, in IVefi' fbalia, now belongs to the Swedes by the Treaty of Munfier, and is annexed to their Territories and Domminions under the Title of a Dukedom. ; Of LAwenhurg- . THIS Dutcby gives name to the Princes of Aixow-IoM/fw^wr^, who are branches of the fame Floufe with the Princes of Anbalt. Its chief place is Lawenhnr^i or Lauhnhurg, upon the £/&, a fine Town, but the Caftle is ruined, and the Dake lives at Ratzehrg, though he hath nothing there but the Caftle, the Town belonging, as was faid, tc che Duke of Mecklenburg, ;. Of Magdeburg, Ditto Magdeburgenfis. THIS Diocefslies extended on both fides of the Elh, betwixt Brandenburgy and the proper Saxony The chief Town is Mag- deburg, ^ Meydenhufg, incolts, Meydburg, X)r Megdeburg : antiquis movu- mentis Patbenopolis. Mefuinum PtoL t eft is Appiano, - A Burgravefiiip of the EmpirCj and Archbifliop's See, giving nam?, to the Country. Re- edified by Editba Wife unto the Emperor Benry the Firft, and Daugh- ter to Edmund King of EngUnd,zxA thus named in honour of her Sex. Her Effigies in ftone is in the Cathedral Church, with 19 Tuns of Gold which Ihe gave thereunto \ though others fay it was for the Worfiiip of the Virgin Diana, A place of great ftate, large and fair, and ftrongly fortified, once the Metropolitan City oH Germany, famous in the Proteftant Wars for a whole year's Siege againit the Emperor C/6«r/«the Fifth. But facked and burnt by 7"////, and 360Q0 perfons put tothe Swoid^ and deftroyed 1631. and the Town almoft ruined. 'Twas alfo famous for the firft Turnament which was in Germany, which was performed here in the Year 637. by the Emperor Henry ^ Sirnamed the Fowkr, Thcfe ^vl ^^m 1 54 Qf Gtrmnny. Thefe^HC tlie chief parfs of the Lower Saxmy^ and contain the Ninth Circle of the Empire. _ . V. '^ Of B O H EM I A. ii,A 4^:,' ■1... •»*, h?^.. BOiemuv. Tac. Beiohsmum Vaterc. liomi Ttoi. Boheim Germ, Rohewe Gallis, Bocmia Htj'p^msf Bohemia Itali*. Czedazem incolts tefi-e Brieto, This Kingdom is environed about with Mountains and Forefts^ as it were vyirh Fortifications. The Air Oiarp a\>A piercing, the Countrey rough and hilly, rich in Minerals, and yielding fufficient plenty of Corn, and other necelTary Provifions, Wine excepted. Firft inhabited by fome of the Germans j the Hermiones, who were difpofleired by the Bcji, who gave Name unto the Country. The Boii were routed by the M^rcomanni, a people oi Germany, And thefe were alfo ejedled by the ScUves under Zechusy Brother unto Lechm, the Founder of the Vch^ Monarchy, about the Year 649. called in their own Country- Unguage Cz^echi^ but named from the Country they feized upon, Boioha- frJf upon their firlt arrival. This people were governed by Dukes until about the Year 1086. when Uratijlans or JJladtJlaus was created the firftKingof Bobemia.lna. Diet at A/eM;«,,by' the Emperor Hemy the Fourth, about the Year 1 199. Power was given to the States to chufe their Princes, before being Elc(5led by the Grace of the Emperor ; fmce which time the Kingdom coranued Elective, though mow com- monly enjoyed by the next.of •-'' /od, until the Royal Line being ex- tinct theK'.igdom was devolved upon the Houfeof Aufiria, Chief Places are, ?raga Italis, Frag Imolitj Prague Gallis. Marobit- ^um Ptol. tefte Savf. & Brief, the Capital and Royal City of the King- dom of £o/6fww, feated upon the KivQv MuUaWj by the BohemiamUl- tave; it confifteth of three Towns, the Old, the New, and the Lefler. 'Tis an Archbiilioprick and Univerfity, where in the Year 1409. were rfickoned above 4000 Students under the Re<5lorftiip of John Huu The greateft Remarks are the Emperor's Palace, and Summer-houfe.. A fair Cathedral Church built 923. The Palace and Garden of Cola- redo. The Palace of Count Walkftein Duke of Freidland, The Bridge, being 1700 foot long, and gy foot broad, with two Gates under tworligh Towers of Stone at each end. Near Prague that deciding Brittel was fought, November 8. 1620. between FrederickVt'mcQ Pala- tine of the /?/&/«?, Elected King of Stf/ftewM, and the Emperor Ferdtnand the Second, where the Vidory fell unto the Imperialifts, Prague forced to yields and Kiog Frederick and his Queen forced to fly into Stlefia, Teutdift ♦'.. UggPPHppwH _„. 1,J, ll,II.J.J|l(ppp||^*« INMPHPHMii mmmmmmmmm QfQfmM^ 15 J Teutcl'in Broda, by the River Saczua, a ftrong place when taken by Zt/'ca, who then forced the Emperor Sipfirund to fly out of Bohemia. ^'^w/^^M'j where was fought that famous Battd'of i^e^. 24. 164;. between Torfienjon, and the Imperialifts, the Succefs gave the Swedes the advantage of proceeding further. i^^'^O/^'nia 4 ' C%,ajlaw is the place where Ztfca was buried, that famous Bohemian General, who fought when he was Blind ; and when dead, wiilied his friends to make a Drum of his Skin. Kuttevhurg, or Cottemburgi is famous for its Silver Mines. ' " ■ Egra is a ftrong City, accounted the fecond of Bohemia, and chief Magazine of the Country. Famous for its Fountains, whofe Waters cure all Infirmities of the Eyes and Ears, or other parts of the Head. The Mountains of the Giants in Bohemia^ called Riphai or CercomJJi, are famous for three things ; for their Signification and Prognofticks of all Tempcfts, for the rarity of Plants, Stones and Gems there grow- ing, and for a SpeStrum called Ribenzal, which is faid to walk aboilt thofe Mountains in the form of a Huntfmin. Anjelmr4i de Boot tells us, that Rudulpbfti the Second, King of Bohemia, had a Table of Jewel; which he calls the Eighth Wonder of the World f it was wrough'. with fuch Art, that the Jewels which were fet together with invifible Joints , prefented a moft pleafant Landskip, naturally reprefenting Woods, Rivers, Flowers, Clouds, Animals, &c. the like not to be found in the World. - .- The Waters of Carolina al. Kar shady found < t Jnno i;7o. in the time of Charles the Fourth, will in a nights time turn Wood into a ftony cruft. That the Loadftones of Bohemia will give the point of the World, but not draw Iron; and that a Needle touched with one of thdfe Stones never points diredly North, but declines eight or more degrees to the Eaft. " /r}- ' - . That Mummies,as good as any in Egypt ■^^VQhtzn found in liohemla^ ( a whole man of Myrrh, Amber ) Bones ot Giants, and Unicorns Horns, are digg'd out of the Mountains. See the Hiftory oi Bohemia Bohu^ao Balbim & Soc. Jef. in fol. Frag. 1679. Other chief Towns are Fi//e», K'.rge and Walled, 7!/^^?" upon the River Lauzvitz. Komrgigratz, Ger, Hradlum Regius, Kralowiknuletz. Boh, Kuttenburg Ger. Kutmihora Boh. Budcrcljs Ger. al, Budeion^ice Boh. Lekmc- rttx, Ger. al. Litomierz,iFz,e Boh, To thefe fome here add the Country and City of Glatz. upon the Borders of 5. . 3. Iglaiv Germ, or Tgla. Gz.ihUwa Bobem. Geblak by the Moravians, on the River fo called, feated upon a Hill on the Frontiers ofBobemia^ ' well fortified, having a large Piazza. 4. Znoimumy Znaim, Germ. Zmymo Bobem, Lat. Znogma the Medojlani- um of Ptol. te^e Cluv. feated upon the River Tbeya, which divideth Mo- ravia from Aufiria^'is famous for the death of Sigifmund the Emperor,: and for its Painted Houfes, and for its Sieges of 1645". ^ -yt The Moravians are a plain-dealing People, ftout and good Soldiers!. Gradifco near Olmutz., is famous for its Myrrh and Frankincenfe, which contrary to the common Cuftom groweth immediately out of the Earth ; and the Frankincenfe groweth nacurally in the fliape and likenefs of thofe parts which Men and Women moft conceal, tej^e Du- Iravivo in his Bohemian Hiftory. Cren/tr or Kren/ier, by the Bohemians Kromeritz,, now one of the fair- eft Cities in Moravia. Ewanczitz,, once notorious for its different Scds in Religion ; now all Jews and Papifis. of • r • *• fu . dil En Sp. ne J*' mmmmm' wmmmmm «i7 'fc* -^ Of Germdny. r^ i ' -;n : Qf 57/^^/ SchUfing;el& Schleften. V ; • ' TT IS Dutchy is watered in the middle by the River Odery whol- ly enjcompafled with Hills and Mountains, except towards the North. The Air therefore Hiarp and piercing, lying open to thole bluftcring Winds. The Country is rough , and Woody , yet adounding in Corn, the Hilly parts yield plenty of Brafs, and other Metals. It was once fubjedl to the King of Poland; afterwards it fubmitted, or wasfubjed totheKingof fii?/^e»»w, and is now an appendant of that State. The ancient Inhabitants, among others , were the Quadi, againft whom when M. Antonius the Emperor made War, and being in a great ftrait, the Legion of Chriftians in his Army by their Prayers obtained from Heaven not only Thunderihot and Artillery, which de- firoyed the Quadi ; but gentle Showers which refre(hed the faint and dying Romans, Xtphtl. in his Dion. Chief Places are Brejlavf Ger, fVratxlaw Bobem. Wratijlavia. The Budorgisy or Budorigum of ?tol. Vj/ramio & Curio. By OrteL Budorgis is Rattibor. ABifhop's See 970. burnt in the Year 1341. now one of the faireft Cities in Germany, with ftraight and open Streets. Other Places are GlogawCroJfeny belonging to the M. of Brandenburg. L'tgnitz, Schweidnitz,, fTolaWy Oppelen, TroppaWy Ratibor, Tefcheny Odfe^ Sagan, Jawery Brteg, MonflurbergyGrotkaWy Jegerndorfy Dukedoms and Cities: to which we may add the County and City of Glatz, amongft the Monies Sudetes Thus have we furroundedGfrw/;«/, andfinifhed the Survey thereof. As to the Revenue of the Emperor, 'tis not worth mentioning. It had need therefore of fome Prince, whofe own Eftate is fufficient to lii|Pport the Grandeur and Dignity of fo Auguft a Title. *"r-" ' V ij W the SEVENTEEN PROVINCES, Or the LOW-COUNTRIES. BY the Latins that Trcft is called Belgium, from the Belgi, the moft Potent People heretofore of allthele parts; which upon the Con- fulion of thofe Ancient Limits of Germany and France y did contain 17 diftind: Efiates or Provinces: It isalfo called Germania Inftrior; by the Englifliy the Low-Countries; by the Dutcby Netherlandt j by the Italian/, Spaniardsy^d French, Flanders; from whence the Inhabitants were ge- nerally called Fiemmings, Tis 4 ■■■ n-- ' 'Tis a Country feated very low, between the Banks of the Rhine and the Sea-fliore, from which *tis defended by extraordinary Charge and Indiidry with Banks and Ramparts. For Husbrandy,*tis thebeft . cultivated; for niultirude of Towns and Villages, the bell Peopled"; for their neatnefs, the mofl Remarkable; and by reafon of their Igye- ral Manufadures, the moft Rich of any Country in Enrofe, ^-/^'v' * '"Tis bounded on the North with the German or Brittjh Ocenv, which alfo fcparates it from Great Britain, on the Weft; and on the South and Eaft it borders upon Frartce anA Gerwany. The Ancient Inhabitants were partly fubdued by L. Drujtus, in the time of A(tgu(^m Cafar ; the other were before overcome by Jitliffs Ca- far : After which fubjedion they remainded under the Roman Empire until the Expiration of that Empire, when they were involved in that Publick Calamity under the Vidorious French, who here fucceeded the Remans ; the whole was contained ^nder the Name and Kingdom of /Mp-rafia or Ooftenreich. Afcer that the French Monarchy became divided amonft the Pofterity of the Emperor Lewis the Godly, this part hereof broke into fundry new Principalities and Governments, and became divided into 17 States; or Provinces, whereof fome En- titled their Governours Dukes ; others, Earls ; others, Lords. Their Names are thefe: Four Dukedoms, Brabant, Limburg, Lux* embwg, and Guelderland. Seven Earldoms, Holland, Zeland, .Zutphen, Flanders, Artois, Hainault and Namur, One Marquifate of the Holy Empire, comprehending Antiverf, FiveSigniories, or Lordfliips, Ma- lms, Utrecht, Over-Tjjd, Frujland and Groningen. Two of thefe, F/rf«- : ■ ■ V /" •'1 ,1 .^M'm-i^vs^li: ■ k^^ i.TiW- ■ - - ) •. 'h^, ■ .: :.'..:.:, ^:,,\ \n ^Ai:'..-- ■;-..'feli.-'K~i.' ^i. .^^tijAi-ii- 1^0 Of the United P r d v i k c e i. Or DVT CH Republick. ''i .r.i' %•-.. T^^. ^^/^''^ P'-^^f ^^^are r^^ becaufe of the Unipn which they made together in the Year i ^79. Thev are feafS f m«!r3 Sm f; '^■C>mtr»s, between the Dominions of tlie Kins of Sp»m m FWff,, and many Principalities of the Empire The p£«; .oftbeEmpire, which are Neighbou^ to them, artrcl of S! burghf Pf. un 3, '..^ 9 « Of the Vnited Provides, i6i hurgh in his Dutchy ofjuiters; the Elecflor of Rran/lefth$trgb\ah\s'DukC' doni ofClcves ; thcElecftot of Cologu, the Biftiop of A/««y?tfr, the Count of Benfbeim, and the Prince of Eaft-Fnefiand, in the Territories of the fame Name. The U»if^to Sale. The StaM'houfi is the Prodigy of the World, and a Miracle be- yond the Seven that Antiquity brags fo much of: A Building of great Magnificence, and as vaft Expence, begun in the year 1648. and in Augufi 1 6 f y. was the Dedication of it folemnized. In a Vault under this Stadt'houfe, fecured by the ftrongeft Doors and Locks, is kept that famous Bank, which is fuppofed to be thegreateft Treafure either real or imaginary, in the world. It is certain there is the appearance of infinite Riches in Bars of Gold, Silver, and inumerable Bags of Metals, thought to be all Gold and Silver. But the Security of this Bank lies not in thofe EfFeds, but in the Credit of the whole Town, or State of Amfierdam, whofe Stock and Revenue is equal to lome Kingdoms. Dort, Dordracunti pleafant and large; fcituated upon four Rivers, hath thefirft Voice, as the Town where the Earls oi Holland And their fubje(5i;s reciprocally bound themfelves each to another. There it is that they Coin their Money, and their Magiftrates have the Privilege to go with one of their Guards. In the Year 142 r. of a City upon the Continent it became an Ifland, through a moft dreadful Inunda- tion, that Drowned about looooo People and 80 Villages. Flarkm, Harkwurn, is the place where the/ make their fineft Linen Cloth, and the whitelt in the whole Province. Famous for the Invention of Print- ing by La-ivrence Co/ler, and its Inhabitants for breaking it was entirely overwhelmed by the Sea j but lince above 2000 Acres of Land have been gained from the Sea. Tolen is an Ifland fo called from a Town of that Name, divided from Brabant by a narrow Creek or Arm of the Sea. The more an- cient Inhabitants of thefe Iflands were the Mattiaci oi Tacit m. They contain in all 8 Walled Towns, and about 100 Villages. The Coun- trey is low, flat, and Marfliy, rich in Corn and Pafturage, unhealthful and fubje(fl to Inundations, being kept in and defended from the Sea by Banks. The Biftioprlck or Lordlbip of Utrecht , JJtr'tceftum Amm. was firft occafioned by one Wtlkhrodi an Anglo-Saxon, the Apoftl-? of thofe parts, and firft Bi (hop hereof about the year 611. during th.'; Regen- cy of Vepn the Fat, The Succeflbrs of this Willihrod^ by the Libe- rality of the Vrmch Kings and German Emperors, attained unto as well the Temporal as the Spiritual Jurifdidtion, together with that of OveryJJelj until Charles the Fifth, who by the confent of Henry Count Palatine, then Biihop, feized upon the whole Temporal Domi- nion hereof, leaving only the Spiritual to the Prelates, which alfo fmce, by the Ufurpation of the States, hath likewile been taken from them. It has a Capital City of the fame Name, inhabited for the moft part by tb^ Nobility of the Countrey: But its greateft Glory for feveral Ages was, its being the Seat of one of the moft Ancient and moft powerful Bifhops in the Chriftian World : Firft called hfe- rius Trajeifunty or UltrajeBttm j Utriccfium^ Amm. ; feated fix horary miles from Am^erdaniy upon the old Channel of the Rhine ; now di- verted into the Lech. Mr. Ray tells us, That it was, Anno 1665, en- virnoed with a thick and high Wall, and a deep Trench ; yet in the year i6-'2, the Ultra je^ms fubmitted to the Frenchlong before it could be fummoned ; which Civility coft them a Million 668000 Gilders^ ( that is, above 160000 /. ferling) which was exad:ed of them In Contributions between June 1672, and November 1675 > befides 200000 Rix Dollars for a Viaticum or Foy at the departure of the French. There is alfo the Thorowfare Rfmjcn, the fair and Itrong jimersfcrty the Frontier-Town Montfort. Wtck de Dmrfiede, the Bat.i- vodurum ofJac. &Ttol. Diirc(fatum& Dmcfiadinm, Lat. They reckon about Utrecht ^6 Cities, to the farthcft whersot you may go by Wa- ter from Utrecht in one day. I'he Province of Guelden, Gueldrij, cr Gueldreey was firft fctnied by two Broihcrs J TVie hard and Luppola^ li.ft made Guardians of the Coun- try by the Inhabitants in the Reign of the Emperor Cbailes the Bald, It t^» en- ' Of theVHitidProvintet, 169 It was made an Earldom by the Emperor Henry the Third, made » Dukedom by the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria, k^ttr the deceal'e of C^<»r/e* g{ Egmond, the laft Duke, by compofition between him and C(& of 82000 Rixdollars for it and the Betaw. Memorable for the Ne- gotiation of the Peace which was concluded about the end of 78. and the beginning of 79. Nimeguen the Ancient, Ruremond the Great, Zut* pben the Rich, ai 1 Arnheim,tht Pieafant, are the four chief Cities of the four Quarters of Gelderland. Ruremond upan the mouth of the Ri- ver Roer; Ruremunda, Lat. taken from the Spaniard, Ann. Dom. 1652. ' but reftored by the Peace of Munfier. Arnheim, th& Arenacum ofTacittts/is the Capital City of the Fr/dii;, or Feluwe, and thi^Seatofthe Supream Council of the Dukedom of G^/- der, walled about, and fortified in the Year 12; 5. deftroyed by Fire Ann. if2f. feated on the right fide of the Rhine, about two German- miles from Ntmegueny and as many from Doeskw^. One of the heft fortified Towns in all the Provinces ; yet attack'd and furrendred to the French in the fame day, 72. but for 170000 Gilders re delivered, with the whole Velav, ,., - The Province of Zutphsn bears the fame Name with the Capital Ci- ty, aiid palTcs ibmetimeii for a fourth part of the Duchy oi" (ieUert, ' -^ having • ■' •.vi H^MIHIIipiWIIIPVPip 17a Of theVnitedPYovtmh, having no Voice in the Affembly of the States-General, but only con- joined with this Ducliy. In the Siege of which was flain that Ho- nour of Chivalry, and Mirror of Learning, Sir Philip Sidney, Other Towns in GeUria are the ftrong and encompalled Frontier Bommel, &^ Bommeliaj Lat. with the ]^rts of St. Andrew and Voorn making it im- pregnable f yet taken by the French 1672. but quitted again in 1675* after 14 days fpentin ruining its t'ortifications, and 36000 Gilders, or 3600 pound Englifh paid for their kindnefi. Battenborg^ Lat.Arx Bato'vorwn.Tielyiht unheal thyj fi«re», belonging t6 the Prince of Orange, The Town and County of Culenhurg, the Forts Knotfenhurgy Scbevck-Seonce, and TolbuySf are confiderable; Hadenvsck and Ell>wg upon the Zuydir-Zeey Hattem upon the IJfel, and PTage- ningen Upon the Rhine, are the chief Towns m jh-nheim quarter; And Dflej^wr^Difmantl'd by the French in Apil 167^. Grollj the ftrongeft Hold in the County ofZutfhen, yet yielded after Tcry little refiftance to the Biihopof Munfier, Jum the 9th 1672. Marftiy and Fenny ffrevocrt, yet taken by Prince ^Maurice Ann. i f 97. aow by Pawn or Mortgage in the jppfleiiionof the Prince o( Orange, Over-IJfttl, or Trans IjJ'allania, (k) called from ks Scituation be* yond the IJJell) where the Rhine and that, Ihare their Streami toge- ther, by means of a Channel which Drufm formerly niade. It is divided into three parts ; the Twente, Tjfellandy and Drent, in which are contained 11 Town.", and 100 Villages; the prind pal of which are Dcventer, Lat. Daventria, an Imperial Hans-Town, being a famous Pailage over the Iffel; takenfor the States by the Earl ofi Leicester, Anno 1^86. but furrendred by Sir ffilliam Stanley, Ann. 1^87. to the 5;> OftheV»hedProv$Heefi7r Places are, BcurtangTort, BtltickyJVoUtr'Scome, 1^wfck{en,^ni Lartgaeker Sconces. MidufoU, once a flouriHiing place, but now altnoft ruined bf theoucragtous Dallart, which about 406 y^ars ago fpread it felf upon the Ruines of 3 ; good Villages. Di»», ^ Dehbz.ilj are the two moft confidei able places in the OmlanJs. The laflr is a very good Havea 111 the Year 1672. th^ Dutch Eaft India Fleet of 14 Ships, whofe Lan- ding was valued at 1600000 pound Sterling , had been taken by the Englijh, had they not got into this Port, fy'efi-FruJland was a Country formerly much lareet than now: The Ancient Friz^ont were pofTeflbrsof the Provinces ot Priejlattd^ Groningeh., Overyifel, fVefiphalia, and North-HoUand, called then IVeft-Fryjlandy and coriiiguous to the Province of Friejland: For the Zuyder-Zee, which i$ r.oc found in the Writings of the Ancients, was formecjby fomegre^t Inundation, breaking in between the Texell and the other Iflands, which are but the broken remainders of a continued Coa/l. It is now divided into three parts, viz^ Ooftergo, ff^ejhrgo, and Seven-woiden, or the /even Fore/^s; which comprehends two Cities, 12 Prefe; and that not caught upon their own Coaft neither. Their Herring- Trade, by computation, is worth 450000/, ftr Anmmv And tiiat of Cid-fjh I ^0000 }. .V/tr/. yearly. Cjcnerally mm JWiii'il •/.I Of the VftitedProvhces, ^73 Generally the people are inclined to Navigation , and a Sea faring Life; and many being born on Shipboard, and bred up at Sea^know no other Country ; fo that their natural inclination, and necefltty of employing themfelves that way, hath exceedingly increafed their Shipping : fo that 'tis thought they areMafters of more Ships and Vef- felsof all forts, than almoftail Europe beM^s, But that which is the juf^ admiration of all men, thefe Seven Trov'mees are become greater, and more potent than Seventeen, in riches and power : Nay, they have outdone fome of the greateft Princes in £«* ro^. Their Cities are many and fplendid ; and yet rhere are more Sedts among them than Cities, and almofV as many Creeds as Heads; y6t fo wife in their Meetings, as never to difcourfe of Religion. Their Country ( in general for its Dimenfions ) is fuller of People, Cities, Towns, Caftles, Forts, Bulwarks, &c, for Military Defence, than any one Country in Europe. Their Naval Forces prodigious, befitting Wonders rather than Words; even a terror to the great Princes of the World. For their Trade, it far exceeds that of the Neighbouring Princes; and in the Oeconomy of it much more prudently managed : To every Town they aflign fome Staple Commodity ; as, to Dort, the German Wines, and Corn ; to Middkburg, the French .tud Spanifb Wines; t© Rotterdam formesly^ now to Dort, the ^Engltjh Cloth: Ta Harlew, Knitting and Weaving, &c. which maketh their Towns fc equally rich and populous. One Miraculous Accident I muft not forget, becaufe mentioned by all Writers, "jiz. That Margaret, Sifter to Earl Floru the 4th, being, about 42 yejrsof Age, brought forth at one Birth 565' Children, half Males, and half Females,the odd one a Hi^rmaphrodite\ they were all Chriftened by v?«/^fl Suffragan to theBifhop of Utrecht ^ in two Bafons, which are yet to befeen at the Church of Lajdmen^ the Males Jti», the Females Eliz,abttb ; imnKuiately alter they all died, and their Mo' ther^lfo. , , \ Of <74 Of the SPANISH Netherlands. ,-i.r.^ • r THESE Provinces arcfo called, becaufe fubje up, there appeared nothing but a mifliapen Chaos of Earth. Trenches- filled up, Curtains beat down, Bulwarks torn in pieces. Lille, Gal. Vljle. heel. RyJJel, or Tor IJf el, uipon Dole, the Capital; of Walloon- Flanders, is one of the belt \i\.ihQ Low-Countries, by reafon of its Wealth and Strength,.. " Tmrvayj ' t G 176 Of the SpMnifi NetMthds. Tourney^ Tontacum, & Dornick^ Bfi^anum of Pt$t, Civit. TuntaeeV' fiHtn of Ant, an Ancient City ; is mr, great, f^rong, rich, and well-peopted: This was the firft Town chat fubbmicted to the King of Vravct^ after a formal Siege, who has fet up a Parlia- ment, and built a very ftrong Cittadel to fecure it. It is obferved of Toitrnayt that it was taken four feveral times upon St. Andrew's day. By Henry the Eighth, King of England. 2. By ^he Emperor I. Maximilian the Firft. 3. By the Emperor Charles the Fifth. 4. By the Duke of Parma, if 81. Yielded to the French, An,>i66j. Douay, or Duacum upon the Scatfe, is conHderable for its Extent^ Strength, Trade, and Seminary of £«^////j Roman-Catholicks. Anno i667.Tur- rendred to the fV^wcA after the ftiort Oppofition of three days. The Church of Nofiredam is about i2oo years old : It is a Staple of Corn, and honoured with an Univerdty. Oudenaerd, fcicuate upon the Scheldt is one of the faired Towns in this Province, both for Scituation and Trade, commanded by a high Hill, taken by the Fr^fjcifr, 1667. in left than 24 hours; altho it colt the Prince of P<»r»»<» two months. y^»»tf 1682. reftored to the Dutch by the Nimeguen-T teaty: . ' iv* -i .r Courtray, feated upon the Lis, is a Hold of great importance^ and well fortified by the French , who took it a^er a fli(JI"t Siege, An, 1667. The Inhabitants are excellent at Diapering of Linnen. Dunkirk, Duneiuerca^ or Duinkirk, faid to be built about the year ' 966. It is one or the Five Ports of Flanders, once confiderable for its Herring-Filliing, more for its Privateering. , . Anno in?* C'mrles the Vth. built a Fortrefs here; Anno iff 8. it was raJien and burnt by the French. Anno if 83. it was fuprized by Chamois , who commanded a Regiment in the Town ; not long after it was yielded up to the Prince of Parma, having endured all the Extremities of a Sipge. Anno i f 90. Prince Maurice endeavoured in vain to furprife it by Scalado. Anno 1647. it was after a troublefbme Siege taken by the Prince of Conde, with a great iofs of men, and the Expenceof feme £w^A/fe Blood. In Augufi, i6f2 it was be- fieged by Ach-Duke Leopold , and being difappointed of Relief by means of the Engli(h^ it furrendred. In the year i6f7 Cromwell having entered into a League with France, the Engltfh took Montmedi, St. Vtnavt, and the iirong Fort of Mardyie, and invefted Dunkirk, tn i6f8. Don John of yiu/Irja came with an Army of 16000. Horfe and Foot to Relieve Dunkirk. ; bur after a brisk Encounter was defeat- cd.by the Engitlh alone. This Overthrow, followed prefently after bv the Iofs of the M^rquefs of Leda^ Governor of the City, (lain in a bold Saiiy, occaiioned the l^jeedy furrender of the Place, which ac- cotding 'niip»wiiw«fi(!fr' Of thi Spdnifi NeiherUnds, «77 nd he ed lay. cording to Articles came into the hands of the Engltjtj, unMo retnain- ed till after the Reftoration of King Charles the II. when, for Rcafons not to be mentioned, fold to the French King. It's true none but the jnexhauftable Treafure of that Rich Monarch was able to fupply the conftanc Charge, and vaft Disburfemenrs requifite for the raifing the Fortifications, tlie Citadel, the Bafln for Ships, the Harbour or Mould of almoft a mile in length : Prodigious indeed hath been his Expences in finifhing thefe indefatigable aud f^upendious Works. I^resy by the Dutch Tpcren, Lat. Ipra^ has fo many Leaden Pipes for Channels and Conveyances of Water under ground, that it is faid the Foundations are of Lead : It is honoured with the Tide of a Vifcount^ and enjoys a Jurifdidlion of a large extent ; now polTefled by the French, and well Fortified ; diftant from Bruges 9, and from Gaunt 1 ; Leagues. Winnocksberg or Winnoxhergerty Ijit, Mens SanBi Winoci , or Berguer S,Wtnnox, 7 Leagues from Dunkirky and 7 from Ipres; it owes its name to a noble Monaftry ereded upon a Hill in Honour of St. IVin- mc an Engliflt-min of wondeful Devotion and Piety. 'Tis now made ^ery ftrong by the French. Between it and Dunkirk are two ftrong Forts well Fortified, the one called Fort'Lewu, the other the Spanipj Fort, kept by the French to procure the more Elbow-room for the GAX\{onoi Dunkirk. Veurne or Fumes, is diftant from Dunkirk 4, and from Dixmude 5 Leagues ; a neat Town, in a very rich Soil ; it was the Refidence oi Lewis ih.t nth, of France, during his Retirement with Vhilip of Burgundy. Graveling, in the middle between Dunkirk and Calau, upon the mouth of the River Aa, which divides France from Flanders. It was fortified by Charles the \th An. 1^28. with five ftrong Baftions, and a Citadal ; it ftands in .1 low and plafliy Level, and is environed with fo many Outwarks and Ditches of Water, that it feems ftrange it fhould be yielded up in fo fliort a time to the Englifh und French in the year i6j8. Cajfels, or Kafel, Lat. Ka/letuw, originally C^/?ei7«?», feated upon the top of an high Hill. Neif* tins place have been fought Three memo- rable Battels, by Three P^i//>r, Generals on the French fide : The firlt advantagious to the Low-Couiirries by the evil face of I hilip the Fair. The fecond was fortunate to the French, through the Courage or good fortune of Philip of l^alois. The third was in /Ipril, Anno 1677'. be- tween the Prince of 0>-an^e^ and Pijilip Duke of Orkancc : The Dutch were 30000 fentto the Relief of St. Omers\ but after a hoc fight of . A a V three ■,% ^ X5 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) L // ^?^. ^ '..W^ *v '^°'.'^' y ^ 1.0 I.I 11.25 lU US 2.5 2.2 IT 1^ -^ 1^ IIIIM 1.8 1.4 mil 1.6 V] ^///// A- ^a c^l -% A 7 /S« Photographic Sciences Corporation m d ^ V (v \\ ^ a? 1% <^ t O'^ >^ % V^ ^v- 23 WEST MAIf STREET V«iHS"tl» M.r. 14580 (/I6) 872-4503 ^ %: ""'""'w^(P»"pB|w^'"?wpi^B^iPip "^i^^ m^fW'imwmim }\wf\m^tjf,ni T" m ^78 ^ ^ , : Of iheSfdnlib N^herlanis, three hours, defeated by the French, wirh the Io(sof ;ooo flain upon thefpot, and as many taken Prifoners : The lofsof the Faencb was about 2000. Bruges f Lat. Brttga, fcituate in a large Plain about three Leagues from , the Sea, and four from OJlend, abouc four Italian miles in conipa^, and well fortified. The new ChanneiyCUt with vaft charge to the5/»^, is fecured by prodigious Turn- pikes from the rage of the Sea. The , Canal cut by Spinola between Bruges and Gaunty is eight Leagues in length, and guarded by about 200 Forts and Redoubts. The City is ; exceeding neat and well built ;-in it are fevcn Parifh Churches, that of St. Johns \% the Cathedral, An. if ^9. fixty Religious Houfes, and: three Colleges of Canons. The Jefuits College deferves moft ad- , miration. The Market-place is very commodious, and of a plealant fciruation in the Center of fix principal Streets, running from as ma- ' ny of the chief Gates. The Palace LaFranche is nobly adorned with the Piiftures and Statues of feveral Emperors, Kings, Arch-Dukes,c^tf. ^ The Women of Brug?s are faid to excel both in Beauty and Bravery. -. Sluce, Slufity Lat, by fome Chufula^^ once an exceeding wealthy place, now its Fortifications and Scituation are fuch, as render it very ftrong; taken by the Prince of Parma, An. i y 86. Retaken by Prince : Mamke, 1604. It is the largeft Harbour in all Flanders, All the other olaces of Flandm are generally confiderable, either for their Beauty or for their Fortifications, for eminent Sieges or re- m^rkable Battels. The Soil is (b fertile, that the Low-Countriet, as the Natives (ay, would have produced as much Riches as the Indies, had all their Ter- ritories been as fruitful as thit of Fumes. Near Newport or Neoportus was fought that memorable Battel betwixt tlie Arch-Duke Albert, and the States, where, by the Valour of the Enghjh, and the excellent Con- dui5fc of thofe Noble and Gallant perfons, Sir Francis and Sir Horatitt Vere, the Vidory was gained for the Stares. The Province oi Arrets, in Lat, Artcfta & Artbcfia^ united to the Crown of Francehy the i^ynn.-ean Treaty, from which it was difmem- bred. It enjoys a miid and rcmperare Air, with a fertile Soil, produ- cing all forts of Grain and Fruit, efpecially Wheat in abundance. ■ Arras Galits^ Artnbantm, apttcj»is, Orifi^iicu?;^ Ptol. Afrecht Ger. Araz- %o, Italfg. The Cipiral City thereof conlifis of a High and Low Town, both very ftrong ; fince the late Conqucih of ihe Frevc ' King , the. River which belongs to it hns been mack Navjpablo for Vefl'dsto go hey ond Dowty. Hefdin, HejJinum, is a Regular, Hexagoii, by which the River waa Navigable as far as MontrtviL B^zpaulme, Bapalma, is a ; - place .'•'I ^m ^^mmim Of tbeSpgmifb NeiherlsiUs. 179 pJace that dinhot well be Befieged, becaufe there is no Water in all the Neighbourhood. Lew is famous for the Vidory of the jFrf»c/6 in the year 1648. where the Prince of Ligm, and the Ma rquefs- of Gr^ii^j were taken, with 20 Captains, 6/00 common So'diers, 40 Great Guns, and 90 Enfigns. ' Bet hut: e is fair and n:rong, and makes exceU Jeftt goodCheefe. And Terroane, Tervatma, Tirvin, is known by its Riiins; At the Siege whereof. An. iji; Maximilian the Emperoc> ferVed in Perfort under tfie Englijh Colours. St. OmetSy Auddmaro^olts df Fannum S-, AudornarL is a /hong City, furrounded with Mar/hes,; wherein there" are Floating Iflands. Itisf^iaced on the River ^f/, well fortified with Baftions, Half-moons, Ditches, &c. ItwasAnno i66j,, aifaulted by Monfieur, at the fame time that Cambray was by the King o^ Frame \ and the Prince oi Orange coming to its Relief, being de- feated near Cajfal, the Town was yielded up. In fliort, the Riches of the People, the Canal for Coiiimerce, the Abby of St. Bertift, and the Engliflj Seminary of Jefuits, have rendred it a place of no common fame throughout all £«rof>^. ;.:.;: o.. ' ,; ^ . », i Aire, or Arkn, Lat. Aria, upon the Lie River, is a very ftrong place, being environed on three fides by a Moorilh Level, and forti- fied with good Ditches, Baftions , Half-moons , Redoubts , Horn- works, Counterfcarps, &c. on the other fide it is defendej3 with the ftrong Fort of St. Jawes^ or St. Francis ; in July 16^6, befieged by the MarefchaWc /iiMwwrw, and fur rend red. - Haynadt, Hannoniay by the Dutch Hemgow^ or Hdirgow, according to the Report of the Inhabitants, aud'the Records of the Province, ac- knowledgeth onTyGo^and the 5«» for their Supreme Lords; how- ever it has fince had other LoJds. Monsy called alfo Monies, and Ber^hen, the Capital City of Hemgow, and one of the principal Cities in the Sfamfh Provinces; wonderful ftrong by its Scituation, the Counrrey round about being eafily over- flowed. It is alfo very well fortified with all manner of Works. Con- cerning the Surprifalof it, Anno ipz. by means of twelve Soldiers pretending to be Wine- Merchants, obtained the Keys of the City,and fo let in fome Forces of Horfe and Foot, under Lewis of NaJJat*, bro- ther to the Prince of Orange ; fee Meter an^ lib. 4. and Mmrfm, lib. ;. Rerum Belgic, As for the Attempt upon the Fnrrh Camp, in 1678, near Mons, by the Prince of Orange'i Guirds, and the Ergl>(h, under that excellent Soldier and Valiant Earl of OJ/dry, deferves a far better Pen than mine to deliver it to Pofterity in a p-jculiat n>,^nner, and among the greatftft and moft glorious Adions of this prelcnt Age. Kofooner was Mom in veiled, A»» 1691. but rhe King oi France av- A a 2 rived (v,. N ^ J^rAC ir r 1 Jo Of fheSpd^lb'NeihertMUb w^i^ Wi rived ill the Camp, the 21/? of March. The befieged all along vlgo- 7 ronfly defended themfelves; but on the 8>A of ^/>r;/, the Burgbtrs^ . fpurred on by the Ecdefiafticks, and difcouraged by the Ruin of their Churches and Houfes, forced the Governor to Capitulate j and upon ' the9r^. the JF>ewi6 took polTeflion of the Gate of Barramont, and on the lotb. the Garifon marched out to the number of 2400 men, and ^Sa Officers. The French put into the Town a Garifon of 4000 Horfeand 1 0000 Foot. 'Tis reckon 'd that the Siege coft France leveral Millions^ . and above yooo men* -'This County x)f Hamault contains four Principalities, Barhancon^ Cbimaif Condty aftd Ligne^ three Marquifates, AiJaux,Terkn, Vergniesl and If Counts, 22 Baronies, 26 Abbies, 12 Signiories, 24 Fortified ToWns, and 9^0 pleafant and rich Villages. The Eftate is ancient, ^ being fotlietimes a par< of the great Earldom of jirdenne, from which it was divided and made a diftind^ Earldom by y^/^er/c/^ Sirnamed the Or^htUnty one of the youngeft Sons of Brunulph Count of ArJenne, flain by Dagobert sl fWwcAKing, who had this part, with Title of Earl, . given him by Sigebert King of Aufra/ia to be held under the Sove- raignty of the French Kings. After long continuance and often changes, it was by Jaefueline the laft Princefs ( wanting Heirs), fur- rendred ( together with Holland, Zealand, and Wefi'Friefiand, united in Families ) unto Vhili^ the Good, Duke of Burgundy, her next Kint- man, in whofe Houfe the Right ( but the Poffeffion in the French '. King) now remaineth, at leaft the greateft part. Valendenncesy Vslentiana^ is a great , fair^ and well fortified place, taken by the Ftench, 1677. lying upon the Scheld. Quercetum, Quefnoy, Land^ decium, Landrecy ; Avenna, Avefnes\ PbilippeviUa, PhilipvilU^ and Ma- rhnburgh, Mariahurgum^ are ftrong places, all in the French King's Power ; together with Blnchy Binchium ; Marimont, not far from it, was one of the faireft Houles in all the Countrey, Mary Queen of Hungary having omitted nothing that might adorn the StruAure. The Battel of Senef, 1674. was one of the moft remarkable Exploits of that exquifite General the Prince of Conde, Luxemburgenfis Ducatm. The "Dntchy of Luxemburg. It wasfome- timcs a part otthe Principality of Ardeume. By the Emperor Charles ihf fourth made a Dukedom in the perfon of his Brother fFeneJlaus, By Elizabeth the laft Princefs, wanting Heirs, it was fold to Philhp^thQ Good Duke of Burgo'my, This Province contains in Circuit about 70 Leagues, or 200 Italian miles; comprehends 20 Wall'd and Forti- fied Towns, and betwteen n or 12 hundred Boroughs or Villages. Its^ chief City is Lutzenburgfiv luxemburn, in Lat.Lutz>enburgum,orLuxenbur' _ gum. Of rhiifM^NikhitlM^^^^ lifi gmny& Ijueemhitrgum, (b called &OBi tht Image of the Sun there worshipped ; from whenc^ Tome wi^rh^ve it originally called Lucif" ; hurgum. Gu'wiardin and others think it to be iht- Augufta RomandwH rtm of ?toU It is commodioufly leated on a Hill, ftrottg and well for- tified, but has fuffered much by *hQ Injuries of War. It was taken and plundered by the Vrmcl^ under the Command of the Duke of Orleanct, An. 1^4*. As alfothe year following by the fame Enemy. jimo i$^2» the whole Councfby was laid dek»late by the Army of Jiawjf the 2d. oi France y led 'into Germany againft Charles lh& $tb. Nor wasic ever more barbarouftypilliged and harafs'd, than by the Frencb in Jaljf and Auguft^ An. 1673. And in An- 1674. the City was be- fieged, and furrendred to the Fr«»c^. Arlm, or Arlmmft, fo called from Ara Luna ; it retains the Titleof a Marquifate; ' TheDutchy of A/o/e//e lies along the Courfe bf that River, between Metz, and Triers^ is now '.inder feveral Lords and Matters. The Principality of y4r' Anguen. Mommedif Mens mediw. Danvilliers, Damu- illerium, belong to the French King : And Tkoix Ttio>i,um, by the French Carigan. There are Ibme Lands in the Foreft oi Arden tbar ^pt* nc -o the Biftiop of Liege \ that is to fay^ Bovillion, Bullionnm, witU sfic; (.'■ V 0/ the SpdMifi NpherUuJi. .J' ^v of a Dfirc£|r, and a (^png Cattle upoh the. Rock or high Hilt, whcrccf was named rhar famous Gdigious Sluces; for ' the making whereof, Sums of Money, no le(s prodigious, were ex*^ pended. The Neighbourhood of the Foreft of Scgniei lies very con- venient for Hunting. LovaitiM Lovan'wm , which fome afHrm to be the Capital City of Brabant f is one. of the biggeft Cities of Europe, wich a famous Univer— (ity, which gives the Natives occaHon to call it a City of Scho- lars ; BruJJ'elsf a City of Courtefans ; Antwerp, a City of Merchants;; and Malims, a City of Advocates, by reafon of its Parliaments. It is pleafantly feated upon the River DeU'^ it contains 11 Market-places,. 12 Principal Streets, 140 LefTer; 14 Mills, 16 Bridges, and 4 Foun- tains for publick ufe. About the Year 1 1^0 are faid to have been.at< leaft 40000 AVeavers Shops, upon each of which at leaft ;o or 40 feveral perfbns depended for work and livelihood ; the Hall or Stadt- Houfe is large and coftly, adorned with variety of Figures of the mo(l » curious Wormanfhip; the Caflleis feated on rhe top of a Hill, fur- rounded with Vineyards and pleafant Gardens, and a healthy Air. Half an hours J,ouiny from Lcuvain Hands a Palace of the Duke of Arejchoty e way leading thereunto is Wonderfully rare ; but the Houfefor magnificence, pleafure, and convenience, has perhaps not: many Rivals in Europe, Other kflfcr Townsin the Quarter ofLouvain are Ttonen ovTtlmont, Lat, lbana\ In the Year 167^. much ruined by the Frrncb. S. TruytHj XfV St. Trou, La', CtntrvneSyii^ Walls were de- molilhcd, and its Gates blown up by the Fnticb. Strong Leave, Lat,. Lfva, upon the R.Oreet. Diefr, or Dujih im^ upon tie R. Demer.givcs. title ro A Barony, now appertaining co the i^dnce of Orange. Ctm^ bkitrsy Gemblacum Lat, feated upon the fteep of aii Hill, envi» roned. w ^'■■'^«rw«Mt9IMWI»- , iS4 OftbiSfatfifb Netherlands^' ■■^■ i?."t rone^l by Precipices and deep Vallies. Haltn, tat. Hala, Siflen^ yudoigne or GeUernac. Hannuje^ & Landen, are pretty confiderable Places. V Tillemont was taken by force in the Year 165^. by the F««<:/& and Hollandors. Niville is made remarkable by her Religious Covent of 42 Nuns, who muft be not only Virgins and Legitimate, but both by Father and Mother of Noble Extradion for four Defcenti: for the fine Linncn-cloth made there ; and for the fair High- ways round about ir. Vtlvorden upon the River 5/«w, glories in an ancient Cgftle, th^Gran^J Repofitory of the Records of Brabant. ^ • .^ • ; ; ^ >rty;. , Senef^ a fmall Village, is lately memorable for the Battel fought be- tween the Duteb^ Confederate with 5^«/», the Empire, and the For<;es oi France, Ann. 1674. \ ■ . ^..- '.^'.^ ^ Marquifate of the Empire derives 'its Name from its Scituation, lying upon the AncientBoundsof Fr<«»w,and theEmpire,and whitherthe Em- perors were wont to fend Governors, which they called Marqueffes, There is only theCity of y^wrjffrf in \tiAtuacutum& Aduatacumjou 5er- canOjAndoverpum at, Antuerphy Antwerpen incolif, Antwerp Anglts, Anveres 'Hifp. Anvers Gal, Antorf Germ. Anverfa Italpr. Qne of the faireft and moft pieafant Cities in all the Low^Countfies; for which ReafotijCj^^r/^i the Firlt called it his Holy-day City : The Importance of theSckuati- on hath caufed it to be ftrongly fortified with ten great Baftions, and one of the Itrongeft Citadels in Europe ; flank'd with five great Baftions lined with Brick and Free-ftone. This Citadel was built towards the higheft part of the River, that it might.commanc^ the City, anlJ be fuccoured from that part of the Country which was fubjed to its Prince. The Duke oiAha who built the Citadal, caufed his Statue to befet up, which was afterwards taken down. The Jefuits in Ant- werp have a Church built all of Marble, which is faid to be the faireft which they have in the World. The Church dedicated to the BleflTed Virgin is a very magnificent Structure, in whichare 66 Chappels and Altars curioufly built, and fumptuoufly adorn'd with Statues and Pi- dures. One or the Towers adjoining to this Church is faid to be 420 foot high, befides its top or Cover, which is y foot, and a Crofs up- on that 16 foot more. As to its Trade and number of Inhabitants, the Year if 68. may be accounted its grand Clima^eric. Then it was that 2JOO Ships werefeen together upon the Scheld, and 400 Veflels obierved to come up with the fame Tide. That 200 Waggons arri- ved every day laden with Paflengers, and loooo Country Carts em- ployed ill a day in the carriage and conveyance of Goods ; and 5*00 . . Coaches ,i» .' iPHaw9«HVippapHPM wm Of the SpAHifi NetherUtiis. i«5 Coaches trolling about for the Eafe and DiverHon of the Richer fort. Then it was that they numbred 200000 Inhabitants^ and flourilhed exceedingly in all forts of Commerce. Breda, 8 Leagues diftant from Antijerp^ is confiderable for its bignefs, well builtj and populous, and of Great ftrength. The Lordihip of ic belongs to the Prince of Orange, who has a Cattle and fair Palace m the Town^urprifed and taken by the SpaniafJs, Ann. if 81. recovered by a Stratagem of 80 Soldiers hid under a quantity of Turf in a Boat in the Year 1^90. Its Siege, which latted nigh a whole year, was very remarkable ; but all hopes of Relief at length vanifliing, it was furrendred to the5;>/f»/Wiatthe end oiMay, 162J. yet in^». 1657. by the indefatigable Valour^ and excellent Condudiof Prince Frederic^ ic was put into the pofTeillion of the Umud Provinces. The Fort Lillo, fcituate upon the Scbeld, three Leagues from Antm v^erpf is in the pofTeflion of :he States^ under whom it hath been gra- dually augmented to the bigneG of a fmall Town. Oppoflteto which is the Fort Uefkenjhoeck, both which being repolTefs'd, and its Fortifi- cations rebuilt by the Dutch, is a great Curb to the Trade of Antwerp, all Veifels being conttantly fearch'd which pafs to or from that City. Lire, Lira Lat, is a neat and pleafantly feated Town, therefore the Retirement of Perfons of Quality and Merchants, whom a happy temper of mind has blefs'd no lefs with Content, than Fortune with Riches. Herentah is a ftrong place. Hoogfiraten hath the Title of an Earldom. Bergen Op Zoom Lat. Bcr^a adZonam, raifed to the Dignity of a Marquifate by Charles the Fifth ; it is a ftrong and well fortified place, the Buildings fair and handfome, the Church of St. Lumbers, and the Marquifs s Palace are worthy of commendation. Soon after the violating of the Pacification of Gaunt, it was deliver- ed into the hands of the States: khowt the year if 88, befieged in vain by the Prince of ?arma,\iz\ng ftoudy defended by the Evghfli un- der Drury and Morgan. Ann. 1622. it was in vain befieged by Spinola ; never was place morefurioufly aflauked, and feldom any mote coura- gioufly defended. By the Peace of Mwip^/j^w concluded /4»». 1678. the Marquifate of Bergen Opzoom, with its Appendences, &c. as alfo all Plights, Adions, Privileges. &c. was redored to the Earl of Auvergm, one of the French King's chief Commanders. Steenbergen, not far from the Sea, poffef- fedby the Spaniards in Ann. 1622. but after theraifingof the Siege of Bergen Opzoom, it was retaken by Prince Mmriccj afterwards ftrength- B b ned -■■:r its m- ■ .]>■- /' F^'V 0/ the SpMtlb Netherldndis ned with new Ramparts and Bulwarks^ and with divers new Forts and Redoubts. '*•* Santulit, a large Fortrefs, defigned to have been built with 7 great Bulwarks, and other Works ; but a Fire, and the violent Inunda- tions of the ScbeUf were excipeding prejudicial to the Spanijlt Purpofes and Endeavours. The City of Boit-Ie-Ducj by the Frencb Bolducy in Latin Stlva Ducts iHf Bttfcum Ducts y in Dutch Hertogen Bofcby gives denomination to the fourth and laft Quarter of Brabant ; feveral Canals run tjhrough this City, over which lies y i Stone Bridges, and ; 8 Wooden ohes. The City is feated upon a Hill in the midft of a Fenay Level, bf> great ex- tent, well fortified with a ftrong Wall, a deep and broad 15itch,0out Bulwarks and Ramparts, and all other Works, as the Ingenuity and Experience of Modern Engineers could invent, to render a Town, fo commodioufly fcituated as this is, little lefs than impregnable. After 'Ithc taking of Maefiricbt, Ann. 1 5:79. it fell into the hands of the Prince oXVarma, Ann. 1601. it was befieged by Prince Maurice jbut relieved by Arch- Duke filbert. But in the Year 1629. it was, after a tedious and difficult Siege, yielded up to Henry Frederic Prince of Orange, Begirt by the French, Ann. 1672. but the King's unexpecfied Departure k>t France, Turtnne quitted the Siege, and marched higher into the Country. Bois'le-duc has a large Jurifdi6lion, comprehending Lampin, Peland, Maefiand; the D\Rr\6toi Ofierufjck, and the Towns of Helmont, Eind- hpven, Megen, Ravefiein, and Grave. Helmont is watered by the River j4a, it gave uirth to Andreas Helmondanus, as the adjoining Village jBreeck to Geropitts Becanus. Eindbo-ven is a little walled Town upon the DomnT'l. Megen gives title to an Earldom. Raveftine is defended by a good Cafilc, Gra've is a place of great Concern, the Vt'mcQ oiOrjinge is Lord of it. This City is head of the fmall Earldom oi Cuyck, it commands a confiderable Pafs upon the Maes, and is very ftrongly for- tified. In the Year 15-86. it was furrendred to the Prince oi Parma by the Cowardife of the Governour, who therefore loft hi? Head. In Ann. 1602. it wasaftera Siege of two months by Prince Maurice, rC' duced under the Obedience of the Confederate 5/ /hop of Leige*s Territories. • The Spa is a neat Village in the Foreft of Ardenna, feated in a bottom encompalTcd with Hills. A place which for the vertu? of its Mineral Springs is as famous as benefi- cial to Mankind. Maefireich, TrajeSium ad Mofam, is compoled of two Towns. Cambrefes, now almoft environed by the Territories of France. The City of Cambray , Cameracum, by tht Dutch Camerick'y has two good Cittadejs, the guard whereof was feldom committed to any other than Naftural Spaniards. There is a Sun-Dial of lingular Workman- fliip, wrought by a Shepherd : It is a Town, which in times of Peace yearly expofed to Sale above 60000 Pieces of fine Cloth. It was ta- ken by the French at the beginning of the Year 1677. though before, fhe Kings of Spain, ancontradiAed by the Emperor, d»d appropriate to thcmfelves the Temporal Jurifdidion of Cambray , as being of the -:: fame It: X^' *„*• ■*"»*. •T'^V** Of the Spimfi Nethertknti9. i%^ fameNAtion; and the Archbifhops thereof in vain follicited for their re-cf)abli(hmenc. Thofe Prelates were called Archbiffiops, and Dukes o^Cambrayy Earls ofCamhrtfis, and Princes of the Holy Empire, tho generally they neither had Seat or Voice in their Diet. The Extent of thefe Provinces is but fmall, but it is one of the beft peopled, and richeft fpots of Ground in the World ; more wholfome than formerly ; toward Germany Hilly and Woody, as we have faid ;. but towards the Sea, generally fertile, and full of Paf^urage. The. Principal Rivers of the 17 Provinces, are the Rhine, the Meufe, and the ScbeU, The Rhine rifes in SwitzerUnJ, running cheifly through Germany, After it has divided it felf at Fort Scbenk, as it enters into the Loii/'Countriesy it mixes with feveral other 'Rivers, and lofeth its Namt in the Sand a little below Ley Jen in Holland. The Menfe, which falls out of France and Lorrain^ has this Advantage above the Rbinty that (he retains her Name, and preferves her Water> ^nmix'd tillflie^ fall into the Ocean, where (he makes feveral good Pc us. T\\QScheli was formerly the Limits between France and the Emphe, in the time ^Charles the BalJ. At Gaunt y the Lis, a Na. liable River, falls into it; and befc. c v: wholly lofeth its Name, it divides its felf into two principal Arms ; of which, the Left, which they call the Hout ; and the Right, which flows to Tolen, falls into the Adeu/e. Befides thefe Rivers, and thofe that fall into them, there are Cuts, Channels and^ Marihes, which ferve the Inhabitants both for TrafhcH and De? fence. ' ..-r.; •■'•,:•.■"■.., • v?.'^.--,- ■>->. ■'.f^.-i ■j i. it / ■.V -T ,^. Av;. ■f. Of \m' ■#««i ',::.: iES-ia^ t^^ Of France. F Ranee Auglisy Frattcla Italis f^ Hifpanisy Fr^tickreicb Gn warns y AU franguaTurcisy GalliaCaf. Vlin. &c. The firft Inhabitahts oi France were the Ancient Gauls, who pafling the Alp, under the Condudl of Bellovefus, Conquered the neareft parts of Iral/, called Gallia Cifalpina ; and under that of Segovefas, over-run the greateft part oVGermauy. The fame Nation under the Command oi Bnvnus, difcomfitcdthe Romansy at U' Of TrAmil " , 191 attte River -^//w, facked the City, andbefieged the Capitol. Tbefe were the Men whoranlacked lllyricumy Pannonia, Thrace and Greece; and plundred the Temple of Delpbos : But at laft were totally fubdued by Julius Cafar, but not without much difficulty ; for they did not then fcK their Liberty at fo cheap a rate as other Nations did, 1 192000 of themjbeing ^airt, before they would fubmit to the Roman Yoak ; by whom the Country was divided into four parts, viz, ^arbonenjtsy or ijr^c^if^, containing Languedoc, Dolphin, and part oi Savoy. 2 Aeiuita' tiica^ (from the City Jqua Augufka, now D* Actjue) comprehending Gafcoigfti Guienne, Saintonge, Limofiriy Querci, Verigart, Berry, Bourbon- Tiois SLM&Auvergne. 3. Ce/^/c<», containing he Provinces of Bretagnt, Normandy J Anjou, Tourain, Maine La Beaufe, the IJle of France, part of Campaigne, the Dukedom o^ Burgundy, and the County oi Lionoife, 4 Bel- gica, containing Picardy, the rertiainder of Champagne, Burgundy, and the Spdntfi Netherlands. Long it ftood not in this ftate j foratjout the Year 400. Honorius being Emperor, the Goths, having over-run S^ain and Italy, (ent part of their Forces and^ fubdued Gallia Narbonenfis, calling it Langue de Goth, afterwards corruptly Languedoc. Then extending their Conqueft unto the River Ligeris, now Loir?, they founded a King- dom, the principal Seat whereof was at Thokufe. About the fame time, the Burgundiones, or Burgundians, a people that inhabited part of the Country of the CaJJubii, and part qf the Country of the Marquifateof Brandenburg, together with the Vandalls and Suetbes, feized upon other parts of France, and conftituted a King- dom called J5«r^«»^, comprehending both the County and Dutchy of Burgundy, the County of Lionoife, Dauphine, Savoy awA Provence ,*vlhQk chief City was Arelate, now Aries, About the fame time alfo, the Franks, a German Nation having pafledthe Rhine, feized upon the adjacent Territories of France, where founding a Monarchy (under their ftrft King Pbaramond, aUVaramon) gave it the Name of France. FranceViQs excellently compad together, between the moft Flouri(h- ing States of Chriftendom, and in themtddbof the Northern Tempe- rate Zone, where the Inhabitants breathe a moftferene and healthy Air. In (hort it is Rich, Fertile, and well peopled ; there being reckoned in it about 4000 good Towns and Cities. Its Length from Cilaisio Toulon \% about 620 miles, 75 to a degree^ the 1/readthfroMi Brefr to the Borders of Lorrain, or from Bame to hhce m ?iedmoht is not more than 492 miles. I well know all other Au- tliors falfely make it much more. Molt of her Cities are equal to PrO' vinces, and mcftcf her Provinces are equal to Kingdom?. Her, m T^ warn I^f iflffimi^fpmm "r"^p^ >^ ^i^i Of Frsm* Her Cw», her Wme, her Salty her Lintien Cloth, her Paper, and (ere- ta\ Matiufahures, inrich the Inhabitants. The Limits a:nd Bounds of this Kingdom have been various ; at "prefent, £aith a French Geografher, the King's Cm^uefis cannot be bound- ed^notby the Rhine nor by ihc Ocean, nor by* the Vyreneans, nor by ^ xhtAlps. And thofe that are not altogether ilrangers to the world, will acknowledge, Thatof all the Kingdoms of Europe there are none but may be faid to be inferior to France in fome refped or other. The greatnefsof its TcrHtoricSj, the populoufnefs of it, the number of choirNobility andGehtryj tn6ir1natu(ral Courage^ with tfie advantage of their Military Anions, and Warlike Exercifes, the Scituation of their Countrey, the fruitfulnefs and riches of the Soil, the prodigi- ous quantity of all Commodities and Maunfadlures, and the great Kevenues of their Kings. Thefe Advantages have in all Age$ raifed ' in them afoiring thoughts of the Eredion of a new Weftem Empire. .And how far this prelent King has goneX by his Acquifitions oflate years ) the reft of th© Princes of Europe may confider of. The Kingdom is Hereditary, and by an ancient Conftitution as they pretend, caXXt^thQ Salique Law, never falls into a Female Succeffion. And by the Lavi^ of Apennages, the younger Sons of the King cannot have partage with^the Elder. The King's Eldeft Son is called the Dau- fbin. The Monarchy, which has ftood ever fince the year 420. hath been upheld by the three Royal Races, o£ Marovinian, Carolinian, and Capetine,m a Line of 6 J Kings. Pepin thethort, Son of C/&the laft of the Merovignian Line, the Pope appro- ving and confirnfting of it. About the year 918, Hugh Cape tJ^iX of Paris, outed the Caroline Family. Since this Capettne KacehSs gone in three Families; firftin a dire<5t Line till i;28. then in the Houfe of Valois, till Henry the Fourth, of the Houfe of J?tffc/^o», Anno I ^89. Among other TttUs, the King. hath that oi Mofi Chrifiian, and EUefi Son of the Church, beftowed upon him by the Pope. The Arms have been Three Flower-de-luces Azure, in a Field Or, ever fince Charles the Sixth. ■ ' \ The Chriftian Religion was here firft planted by Martizlis amlDng the Gauls; but among the Frenchby Remigius, in the time o\ Clevis the Gfeat. At prefcnt the people are divided, fome following the Roman, others tlie Reformed Religion, which have occafioned two feveral MaiTacres, viz,, that or. Merindol and Chabricres 1 5-45'. upon the Bor- ders of France and oavoy\ the other that at Paris, 1^12. anJ novBi this late PerieCution. '■^"■■'>.^v'- ■".- yh.. V ; . . . - The ^Rili / . c 6f ffdffct - 193 ' the. kingdom fecdmpdfe^ of three OrcJers or fefta^es j t^e CKergy, the Nobilitf, and Commons, there arc 16 Arehbifiops, 106 Bifhops, befides thole of /irras, Tournay y and Ttrplgnani 16 Abbot s,VUa^di oi Orders, or Congregations j about ^oooo Curate flips ^ tcfides ixiany other Ecclefiafiical Dignities : Several general and particular Govern- ments^ 12 Ancient Petrfiipsj and divers of nevir Creation ; a great num- ber of Principalities, Dukedoms , Marquifates, EarUoms, Baronies, and other Lordjhips : Eleven Varliaments^ eight Chambers of accounts, zz Generalities, ot TublickP laces of Receit of the King's Revenue. There are fow Principal Rivers; the 5«»»«e is Bearne,Gafcoigne ind Guienne it felf, Saintoinge, Perigort, Limofm, Qutrci, and Rovergue : UR' 6tr Languedoc \s Cevennes. • V , ^ -. In each of thefe Governments are feveral great Cities, the chief of which I (hall fpeak of in order, viz.. In Piccardy the Storehoufe of Paris . for Corn, is i. Calais, called by Cafar, Port us yecius ; Portus Britapnu- cus, Morinerum Plin. Prom.lcitm Ptol. held by the Englifj near. 200 years, being taken by Edward the III \ 5; Amiens, Samarobrina Gaf. Samarobriga Ptol. Civit. Ambianenfts Ant. . ■ a Walled Town, featcd upon the Seine; well fortified with an Impreg- nable Citadel, built by Henry thclVtL But moft famous for its Cathe- dral, fo beautified within, and adorned without, that "tis the faireft' and moft lovely Stru the Sixth. A ftrong Frontier-Town, memorable for the Battel there. An. i^y?. where King PM/p XL oi Spain, with . the Englifh, under the Command of the EaFl of Pembroke, overthrew , tbe whole Forges of the..Frwc)&. Laon,'j X . i, \ ■^L ■'\^'.'. ,. Of Frsftce, i(^ Laon, a Birtiop^s See, whofe Bifhop is one of the Twelve Peers of France, hauduvum Ant. Soijpmsf Au^ufata Veffomm Ptol. ^ Bifliop's See, the laft place the Romans held m Gaul, driven out by Clovis the Fifth. ^..Guife, of moft Note for the Dukes of Guife, a Family that in a ' little time produced two Cardinals, and fix Dukes, befides many Daughters married into the beft Houfes of Fr<»»«. In T^iormandy, formerly Neafiriaj are, i. Roven, or Roariy RhoUrna- gtts, VtoL Rothomngusy Ant. feated on the Banks of the River Seine , over which there is a famous Bridge. Taken by Htnry the Fifth after fix Months Siege, where were famiihed foooo, and 1.2000 Starvelings turned out of the Town. An Archbifliops See, and Par- liament. In the chief Church, called Nojire-Damey is the Sepulchre of •JoJjn Duke of BedfirJf. It is a place of as great a Trade as any in France, and'one of the prinapal Cities where Exchanges are ufed.. Diepa, or Diepey a City of fome Traide, being a common Landing- place for the Englifhy in their paflage into France. And is famous for its Fidelity and Allegiance to Henry tjie Fourth, when thfc Guijjian F^- ; »,, •\ ."*«<■•■ M* .. *■■" mtm X 196 Of Fraf/ee, Lyfeifif Cit, Lexcvirum Ant, ^urtux MAlanum Vtol. &c. a BlHiops See, rich and flourifliing. The third Government is the Ifle of Francey whofe City is Taris, formerly Lutetia, becaufe feated in a Clayie Soil. A City that for its Richesj Power, and Number of Inhabitants, may contend with any in ^urofe\ Seated on the Seine, and on a Soil fo fertile, that no City knows fuchNPlenty; *tis Dignified with the Ordinary Refidence of the King, its chief Ornaments are the Palace of the Louvre^ (b much fam a abroad : The Palaces of the Nobility, viz,. That of Lux- tmburg, its Palace-Royal, its Church of Nofiredame, its Univerfity, containing five Colleges ; the Halls of Juftice, the Courts of Parlia- ment. The En^Iifh held it for 16 years, and there Crowned Jiing Hen- ry the Fifth King of France. In this Province, about three miles from Parity is feated St. r>«i«*r, Fantim S. Dionijii , famous for the Sepulchres of the French Kings : The Beautiful Houfe of Fountain-belle-eau, or Fons-bello-atjua, efteem< ed one of the faireft in Europe. As alfo the Royal Manfion of Sr. Qermain, feated on the Afcent of a Hill, feven miles from Paris^ down the Water. And Bois Je Vihcenms, in which Henry the Fifth end* ed his days. Senlis is the chief City of the Dukedom of Valoisy the Silna NeSfam of Ant. which gave name to the French Kings of the Second Branch of the Capets, which begun in Philip Galois, Anno 1528. In his Reign was fought the Battel of Crecie, Anno i;4;. where was flain John King of Bohemia. 11 Princes, 80 Barons, 120 Knights, ancfi^oooo common Soldiein^ la Cbampaigne, the chief City is Rheimes, Duroeortum of Ctef. Duro- cotorum Ptol Famous for being the place where the French Kings are commonly Crowned and Anointed : Therein alfo is Langres, Andoma- ^ tunum of Ptol. the Seat of the Twelve Peers of France. Trois, the Augujlomania of Ptol^& Civitas Tricajfium of Ant. the meeting- place of €W« the Sixth, and Henry xhQ <^th. Kings of France ^na England, where the Vidorious King was efpoufed to Katherine Daughter to King Charles aforefaid. Bretagne, or Britany, of old Armorica, lb called from the Eritains, who flew thither in the time of the Saxons Tyranny over them in England. Formerly the Titles of the Earls of Richmond. Its Sea- Port Towns are Brf^, Vendenna Partus, feated upon a fpacious Bay, the Key, the Bulwark, and beft Harbour in France. St. Makes, Aletha & Mack^ wwwjbuilt on a Rock"; a ftrong, fair, and populous City, yet often fpoiled and damaged by the Englifh. Inland Towns are, l^ants. Con- . , divincum ^ mm^ <>,) h Of JFrMffet. Jivincum TtoL Cit. Natnmtum Ant. (bated oh the Banks of the Z^j'rr; and Renmsi Condate of Vtol Cit, Rodanum Ant. the Parliament-City for this County. Cannes, Dariorigum Vtol. Cit. Venetmn Ant, (fcituatc on a capacious Bay ) the chief Town of the Old Veneti. Quimper Corentin, Cmjopitum Ant. S. Brieux, Briocum. Dol, Dolts. Treguier, Tre" corium, ohm OJifmi, S, Tol de Leon, Leona, are Bifhopricks. Morlaix, Mont RelaxuSf Port Ij)uis, Blauet, are well frequented Ports. - The Government oTOrUance comprehends Maine, Perch, Beauce, JNil- vemoisy Tonraine, Anjou ; ones the Title of Henry the Second, King of England, and Earl of Anjou, Its chief Cities are, - ' . I. Orleancej of old, Gennahum of C4ef, & Strah, Cenahum Vtol Att- relia. Its pleafant Scituation on the Loire makes it very beautiful and delightful. Once the Seat- Royal of its own Kings, now the Title of the Second Son o£ France, It long felt the force of an Englijh Siege, where died Great Montacute Earle of Salisbury, On the chief Bridge of this City is the Statue of Joan the PuceUe d« Dieu, or M^id, fo al- fiftant to the French in repelling the Engltfh, and raifing the Siege of Orleance, May the iitb, 1429. Burnt alive by the Englijh, An. 14; i. after which time the Affairs of the Englijh grew worfe and worfe ; for in An. 145 J. Charles the Burgundian fell off; and in 14 n* '^'*H^ot, a man of great Valour and ConduA, was flain ; and nothing was left to the EngltjhhMt Caltce, of all that the Efigltf) had got in two and forty years. z. Mans, (Cit. Cenomannorum by Antonius j by Ptol. Vidinum.) Vendofme, which gave name to Antonio, Father to Henry the Fourth. 5. Chartres^Carnutum Ant. Ptol. Atttricum^ feated on the Loire ^ a fair and pleafant City, dignified with an Univerfuy for the Study of the Civil Law. 4. Nevers, Noviodunum, Cafar. Nivernum al. Nivernium Ant. upon the Loire, dignified with an Ancient Dukedom. y. Tours, Cafarodunum Ptol. Turonum Ant. whers the Proteftants are faid firft to have begun in France ^ and were called Hugonots : Nigh to this place it was, that Charles Martel, Father of King Pc;>w, in An. 73 2. difcomfited an Army of about 400000 Saracens, of which were flain near 570000. £/o;j,pleafanily feated^and in a good Air; where the Duke of Guife, the firft mover of the Civil Wars, and contriver of theMaflacre at Paris, was flain by the command of Henry the Third. 6, Angiers, by Ptolomy called Juliujmagus, Ande^lavttm Ant. of a large Circuit, well built, feated in a good Air, and made an Uni* verfity, '\ ■ ~ ' ■ ■■■ - ' . ■ ■'■... . A_ ■-^J V^'-?««MB(«»WW-.-,* '•^ ':i .V- vcrfity. Beatifarty belonging to the Duke of Lancafier, nigh which Town was the Duke oi Clarence, firother to Henry the Fifth, flain. 7. ToiSiiers, by Ptol. Augu/^orifum, Civ, Pt^avorum Ant. an Univerfi- •ty, famous for the ftudy of the Civil Law, and for Grcatnefs faid to be next to Paris, In the Vine-fields, two Leagues from the City, was fought that memorable Battel between John of France, and Edward the Son of King Edward the III • Aliz,e, now a fmall Village, formerly Alexia, the cheif Fortrefs of Vercingetcrix, who had 70000 men in the Town, when befieged by Cafar ; and an Army of 500000 Gauls^ at the back ofCaJar, to re- lieve their fellows j notwiihftandirg all which, the Town was yield- ed to Cafar, and Vercttigeterix fate at his feetj and became hisPrifoner. Philip the third. Grandchild to Philip the Hardy, united to this Dutchy almoft all the Bclgick Provinces, but Charles his Son in the War againft Leivis the Eleventh^ loft his Men, Money, and Life, at the Battels ' • ■ , . . .^-- . 4^ rrfT-wmfm wmm ^mummm^mm. Of Vf$nck 199 t^Granfon, Morat Atid Nanfjf, i^j6. afterwards this Dutchy was fei- zed on by tht French, Adjacent to, and in the Government of Bourgundy, is Brefi, the chief Town thereof is Bourgy or Brifs j a place well built, and fo ftrongly fortified, that it is efteemed impregnable. x J. This Countrey was by the Duke of Savoy delivered to Henry the IV. oi France y in lieu of the Marquifate diSaluces, 1600. In the Province of Quien, wherein are the Provinces of Gafeoign, Guien and Bern, are many Cities, the cheif whereof are, Bourdeauxy Burdegala Strab. & Ptol. Cit. BurdegaUnfium Ant. feated upon the Banks of theRiver Gfrwwf ; famous for being the Birth-place of King Richard the II. of England : at prefent honoured with an Univerfity and Par* liament, and is a place of good Trade. Near to this City is thefmall Village called Greve, which yields thofe Excellent Wines, called Graves Wine About the Year 12^9. Lewis of France gave unto Henry the Third fX England, the Dutchy of Guien, conditionally, that he fliould re- nounce all Title to his other Inheritances. It continued Englift till 14^2. In the particular Guien is the Province Saint oignc^o^Q chief place is Saintes,Mediolanum of old^ Strab. Mediolanium Ptol. Cit» Santorum Ant. 2. The Province of P«r/f or?, whofe chief place is Verigueux, Veffunaof TtoL Cit. Tetrogoriorum Ant. Environed with Viney-Do^vns, divided into two Towns, g. The Province of Limofin, whole cheif place is Limoges, Ratia^uhf Ptol, Lemovicum al. LemavicumAm. the Prifon of Beg- gers. 4. The Province of Querci, whofe chief place is Cahors, Dueona Ptol. Cit. Cadorcorum Ani. a Rich and Fair City. y. The Province of Rovergue, whofe chief place is Rodez,, Segodunum Ptol, Cit, Rotenorunk Ant. In the Province ofG^/fo^^w are feveral Countries, whofe chief Cities or Towns AVQBaz,affioffium oiPtol, Cit. Vafatum Ant. Dax or 0*Acques, , Atjue Aug^jta of Ptol. Cit. Aqutncium Ant. Auch^ Augufla of Ptol. Cit. Aufciorum Ant. an Archbifliop's See. Agen, Aginium Ptol, Agennenfium Ant. Condom, Condomum, a Bifhoprick. Bajonne^ Baiona Merc, neai: Spain, In the middle of the fmall River Fidofa, between France and Spain, is tlie Ifland Faifans, (not mentioned by any Geographer I know of) where Cardinal Maz,arine, and Don Lewis de Haro began thePy- reneanTxQSity the igth ofAugufi, 16^9. and whence in the Year 1660. hapned the Interview between the two Kings, and the Reception of thQ.Infanta ; when the Ifland, was divided in the middle; and a Houfe built Of frmi^ y^^ SCO builc fo, that at the Table where the two King fate to eat, the King di France fate in Trance ^ and the King of Spain in Spain, In the Government of JLionoifey&rG thefeveral Provinces of Liowife, *jivergne, tourbon and March. In Lionoife, the chief City is Lyc»/, by the Ancients, luyJunmn'^ feated upon the conjundion of the Rofne with the SoatiCy efteemcd the fecond City of France ; a Famous Mart-Town, Ancient, and the See of an Archbifhop, who is Primate of all France. In Avergne is Cleremonty Claro Montiumy upon its high Mountain, '^' In Bourbon f Mculins, the Centre of France. MoUnuniy of old much rcforted unto from all parts of i=V<«w« for its Hot Medicinal Baths. G^r- gobia alGergobinaCafarytefie Farad. & Belfor, . . In March, Cueret and Bellac, are the moft confiderable. In the Government of I.a»<%«« 7 Nuniieries, 7 Palaces, 7 Inns, and 7 Gates to ics Walls. To thcfe Governments might be added Lorrain^the Frer-^ Comte,/lI' face, moft part of the Spanijh Provinces, the Gourtty of RoujWon on the •• Coaft of Spain, being now under the French King's Conquefts ; but for Method and Order- (like, I (hall refer them to the proper place. The chief Iflands of France, are, i. Strong Bell-I(le, Venetica Sar. Calofm, 2. Salt Normoufiitr. ;. Ree, the Out- work to Rochd,h\.A to the Englijh 1627. 4. Oleron, Uliaras, whQm Richard the III. gave thofe Laws as Lord of the Sea, known to the World by the Title ci The Laws of Okron. y. The Tower dXardovan in the mouth of the Garonne, 6. The Ifle Oufjftnt, Uxantus; by the Erglijh, UJlnnt , oS Qi- againft the Liz,ard. In the Mediterranean lye the Ifles de Eres, the St^- cbades of Ptol, i . . D d Of — — ." u. ;>. ,v "^Sai-ikiiiiis-s- TT'W^ 202 l: fe . <• ';-r^r,'*v(IT5».-* of Soain. ■'-"^A.i 'mff :. ii/r ,: •(•!;:•! ;o^ :•! ;owp; y rr) 'in j; •-• e» mtt*tmtlt .»' a;« '^ '»'>*■??" • ' ••£*(«- 1 TVriWM^ Vet lisiL'y^ ittueatt JLb.1 Jl»a. J'tr •a. /»riM • •^irr«<« ^«- oirr/. Vt*v«' ITacliaa* tirtrr ■ Afunin _ «r- Safr|f?M-A=.. i«rrfil']?5L.*-.JIt ,Cai««a/ *f-'""' ^nyi, %5!?^;.«*vT5sfc _•'*••« (•▼A JtUtUtr* ^HattartJi I- 'urritdrt ilitMti rj»^^4« JUto , titmlttr 1^*- <. KHzf V aitiaII /Po»r v»A&»r ▲ > ( /- SPAIN, by the Greeks firft called J^m'^ 5 not from i^<;r«/ the moft famous River in that Kingdom ; nor from Iberi, a people of y^/7^ ; OuiJ igitur ( inquit Bochartus ) Ebrais "^^y Eber, CbaUait K^^V E^r^, vel Ibra eft tranfttw, & quia^juid eft ulterius. Inde fkrale Ebrin vel Ebrm, ter. mmos & iinesfiinificat : Mertto igitur Iberidiiti, qui ex Phamciumfententta ■' urrarum mam V \>* ^ O/Spdiff. ' aoj Perrarum fines uUtmos bahitf.runt. It wasalfo Called Hi/J>/i, whocamein under Panus. Cluver faith, that the Celtie, a great and potent Nation, dcfcended from Afchenaz,, were the firft that did people Spain, and caufed the whole Country to be called Celtiberia, The next Foreigners that came into Spain, were the Pbxniciavs, failing from Tyrus, as Diodcrm and Strabo relate. Then the Greeks or Rhodians ; afterwards the Cartbagenians did overrun a great part of it Cunder the conduA of Amilcar, Afdrubal, and Annibal ) even from the Weftern Ocean, to the Pyrenes ; deftroyed Saguntum, now Mor- Wrf, built new Cartbage; and had not Annibals ill Fate hurried him ioz Italy, the whole Country had been fubdu'd to the State of Car- thage. But the Cartbagenians being overcome by the Romans in the fecond Punick War, it fell under the Dominion of the Romans^ by whom it was divided into three Provinces, Batica, Lufitanica, and Terraconevjis ^ Batica was bounded on the North and Weft by the River Ana, novv Gaudiana ; on the South by the Mediterranean Sea as far as Almeria : on the Eaft it was feparated from Terragon by a ftraight line from Almeria to Cuidad Real, and contained the Kingdoms of Granara, Andaluz^ia, part of New Cafhtle^ and Ejiremadura, and was inh^^''?d by the Turdult Caftward, and by thQCeltici towards the Weft. D d 2 Lujitauia V ♦ ' . '■,, ■ p im - v\ ft. 2C4 OfSfiin, Lufitania was bounded on the North by the River Durius, now Bmro ; on the Weft by the Ocean ; on the South by the River Gua- iliana 5 On the Eaft by a line drawn from CuUal Real, to Samora^ a Town feated on the Ri»'er Duero, and contains almoft all Portugal, part of OUj and part of New Cattle. The reft of Spain went to the making up of the Province of Ter- ragon. . The Romans alfo divided Spain into two parts ; the one Citerior, the ether Ulterior j the firft comprehended the Province of Terragon ; the latter did comprife Batica and Lufitania, and fo remained until the time of Honorius the Emperor, when Gundertms, King of the Vandals, made an Irruption out of Germany, and over-can it about the Year of our Lord 400. The Vandals were not well fetled in their New Con- queft, when the Goths feized on this Country, forcing the Vandals in- to Batica, and after into Africa, and fo made the Conqueft abfolute. ThQ Sayacens and Moan invaded it in the Year 720. under the Con- 6u6t of Mufa and Tariff, who were invited in by Jttlian, who was fent on an EmbafTy to the iV/oorj of Africa by Roderick the Gothijh King, but in the mean time defloured his Daughter Cava, which the Father took infuchindignation,that he procured the Moors to comcinto Spain, who after a Battel that lafted 7 days, in which Roderick had i;oooo Foot, and gyooo Horfe j and Tariffe had 50000 Horfe, and 180000 Foot, the Moors were Vidorious ; and having haraflfed the whole Country, founded feveral Kingdoms therein ; but the Moors not long enjoyed the fole Sovereignty therein ; for the Goths having recovered themfelves, the Moors by little and little were brought under. Heylin tells us, thatatlaft Spain fell into a 12-partite divifion, viz. Leon and Oviedo, Navare, Corduba, Gallicia, Bijca, Telle^a, Murcia, Cafiile, Tor" tugal, Vakntia, Catalogne and Arragon. But I chofe rather to follow Cluver, Mercator, ^anjon, who all agree, that at laft Spain fell under the Command of feveral more powerful Princes, and was parted into 1 5* grand Divifions, moft of which carried the Title of Kingdoms j five lie upon the Ocean, Bifcaia, /iftrmia, Galicia, Portugal, and v?«rt''^- hfia ; fiveupon the Mediterranean, Granada^ Murcia, Vakntia, Cata^ Ionia, and the Ifland? of Majorca, Minorca, and Tuica j and five Midland, viz. Arragon, Navar, the two Capites, and Leon. Afterwards the whole Country was reduced under the Power of the Kings oiCafltle, Arragon and Portugal, and under thefe three Titles it is, that the King of Spain at prefent poffelTeth his large Dominions, which he governs by- Eight Vice- Roys. But in the Year 1640. the Duke of Buiganza was proclaim'd King of Portugal, and ever fince it continues Independent, The ^?P &c. befides the Gold and Silver which they tringoucof America , whereby they furnifh themfelves with thole other Conveniences which they want : In the Year 1 6 1 8. it was affirm- ed, chat fince the firft Difcovery thereof by Co/»w^«/, thQ Spaniards had drawn out of it above fifteen hundred and thirty fix Millions of Gold, of which the European Merchants ftiare the greateft part : And their neceffity of purchafing Foreign Commodities, empties their Pur- fes ; and their getting of this Gold and Silver,d&populates and weakens the Country. The Horfes df this Country are in general efteem, but thofe of y^«- ^alufia more than the reft; however they travel upon Mules and AlTes, by reafon of the roughnefs of the Mountains. Here lived in ancient times the Giants Gerjon and Cacusj overcome by Hercules. Seneca the Tragedian, and Semcaihe Philofopher. j ^/»- tilian the Orator, Lucian anr" Martial, Fompcnius Mtla the Geographer, Fulgcntius and IJidore Bifhops, Ariui Montanus, Oforius, To^atus^ Ma- jius. For Soldiers it had Tbeodofius the Great, Bernard del Carpio, Cid Rues Diasj Sanchc of Navar, Ferdinand the Catholick, and Charles the Emperor. The Mountains oi Spain may be diftinguifhed into fix greater Ridges continued and knit together, and whereof the reft are parts : The firft are the Tyremi Mantes Strab» Mens Pjiraneus Plin. Gyrene Ptol. Los Mcntes Tyreneus Hifp, Les Mouses Pyrenees Gal, Monti Pyrenet Ital. ex- tending from the Cantabrian Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, once the Bounds between France and Spain ^ which in feveral places have divers ., Names, which we (hall not here mention. The fecond are the Idubeda of Strab. Mela Ptol. & aliisy the l^bCiJkj Seld. exi^cinding from the Pyrenes near the Springs of the River EbrOf Southwal!ii;|s, towards* the Levant Sea, having divers Names in fevera! places. A -third Row of Mountains are coafting all along the Shore of the Cantabrian Ocean ; the Juga Afiurum Plin. a more eminent top hereof is the Mountain St. Adrian, from whofe top Vafaus Erugenfu fiith, hc faw both the Cantabri.iv and Mediterranean Seas, now Sierra d'Us Afiu- rius, d^ Movte d^Oca, Vtil, Sierra d^ Oviedo, Coquo. Vmdius Mom. Viol. •- V A fourth Ridge, or Branch of Mountains, are the Orofpeda o^ Strab. the Ortofpeda of Ptol. which at Alcaraz part into two Branches, the one tending towards Murcia aiid the Levant Seaj the other paffing ititou^ Granada, ends at the Strait of G/^>Wrtr,. the Extrcam Point whereof was called Calpe. One mfm^fi^ ■PPPPP^ Of Spai/t:} 207 One of the two Famous Pillars of Henulej, oppofite to which on t\\fi African fide of the Straits was the Mountain Abila, the other Pillar the narrow Sea between, was from hence called Fretum Herculeum, now the Straits of Gibralnr, Oat of the Orofpeda, about the Town of Jlcaras, brancheth the fifth Ridgofthe Mountain called Sierra ik/flrc»ythe Pi&oc^^iin the Reign oi Arganthoniut, i little before their Expugnitionby Cyrus, and by fome thought to be the fame with that Tharfis, from whence Solomm*s Ships did fetch his Gold for the Temple itjerufalem. Some make this the fame with Carteia or 'Mela, Vtol, & Tlin. Canba of Ovid. Cartaa of Steph. as Curio, Mariana and Becan. but Moralus will have Cartheja or Carteja to be Algez,ira, whofe pofition now is alike un- certain, 'but both fcems to me to be the Gibal Tariff oi the Arab, or Gibralter Gibalter, which now gives a Name to the Famous Streighc which joins the Ocean and Mediterranean, and parts Europe from Africa, called by the Ancients Fretum Htrcukum, Gaditanum, O" Tartef- JtacuM, now Efirecho de Gibralttr,' Hiffanis, This Streight is in length 36 miles from Cape Trafalger to Gibralter, in breadth at the Entrance 18 miles, at the narroweft place about 7 Evglijh miles. Pales is the Port from whence Columbus firft embarqued, upon his Intentions of a New Difcovery: And Cadiz,, CaksAngl. & Batavis, Cadice Ital.Gades Caf, Tlitt. & Mela, Gadira Ttol. Erytbya, & Tartejjbs, Strab. Contimfa Dionyf, is the Harbour of the Rich Plate-Fleets ; a Portfo important, that Charles tht Fifth recommended the confervation thereof in a Ipe- cial manner to his Son Vhilip the Second. Antiquity there (hews us the Footfteps of a Temple dedicated to Hercules, with two Columns, either of Copper or Silver, which the Natives aver to be the Pillars of chat Hero, as well as the two Mountains upon each fide of theStreights of Gibralter : they Report, That in this Temple it was thiit Julius Ca- far wept when he called to mind the Prodigious Conquefts which Alexander the Great had gain'd at the Age of three and thirty Years, the confideration whereof carried him to thofe High Enterprifes ; as Scipio was incited by the AAions of Zenophns Cyras. The Kingdom o{ Granada under the laft Kings of the Moors ( who loft it in the Year 149 1.) was far more Rich,and better Peopled than it is at this day : It was alfo much more Fertile ; for the Moon had a thouland Inventions to water their Lands, by means of Cuts and Trenches, bringing the Water from great Refervatories which they made in the Mountains, which are calkd Mantes dHos Alpajaras ohm Alpuxarras. The Scituatlon of this Kmgdom, and the Pofition of the Towns, agrees with the Relation or Defcription which 7«//«j Cafat has made. The City which bears its Name, Granatum al, Granado, is the biggelt in all Spain ; its Buildings are of Free-ftone, fenced about with a ftrong Wall, on which are 130 Turrets, and it hath iz Gates. It is very pleafant dwelling there, by reafon of the purenefs of the Air, and E e z plenty >t <( 5 r. ,' 212 o/spAffi: plenty of Fqufttains; the Moors placing Paradife in that part of Hea- ven which IS the particular Zenith of this place. Malaga, Malaea PtoL Strab. Mel. Ant, a ftrong Town, and Bimop'sSec. Vekz, Maldgals the Sex of Ptol. Sexitanum Ant. Stx't Firmum, d^ JuUum Vlin. is famous for the excellency of its Wines and Jlairins. Munda is notable for Julius Cafar's ViAory over Pompe/s.S>ons. For near unto this place,in a Wood, was fought that notable and laft Battel between Ca/ar and Pcmpe/s Sons J the Honour of the day fell to Cafar, though not without great lofs. In other Battels he ufed to fay, he fought for Honour, in this for his Life; which not long after he loft, being murthered in the Se- nate- Houfe. Almeria is the Abdara Ptol. Abdera Mela, founded by the TyrianSf Strab. by the Cartbagenians; Plin. Antiefuera is thQiSingilia Flin, Alhama the Artigis of ?td. noted for its Medicinable Baths. Gaudix IS a Bi(hop*s See. Loxa enjoys a pleafant Scituation. Muxacra is thought to be the Murgis of Ptol. flm. Hnefca the Ojca oiPtoLVera the Vergao of Plin, Murcia is faid to be the Garden of Spain, by reafon of the plenty of Excellent fruits in thofe parts; and fo abounding in Silver Mines^ that the Romans kept 400 men at work. The City alfo that bears its name, the Menralta of Ptol. drives a great Trade in Silk. Cartagena, built by Afdrubalof Carthage, Father of the Great Hanrubal^ and taken in the fecond Punick War by Scipio Africanus, twice facked and razed by the Barbarous Goths and Vandals ; re-edified and fortified by Philip the Second, King of Spain ; Is a good Sea-Port, a fafe and large Ha^• hour. Caravaca affords the wood for the Crols, to which the Spani-' ards attribute a power to preferve Men from Thunder. Valencia is the moft delightful Countrcy of ?11 Spain^ The City (be- fides thyiame of the Province ) bears the name of Fair and Great Va^ kncia. jfn Archbi(hop's See, the Valentia of Ptol, Plin. d c. feated^not far from the mouth of the River, Duriof by Melit^ Turium Plin. 7uria& Turias by others ; now Guadalaviar, Plujio. A IJniverfity, where ftu- dicd St. Dorninick the Father of the Dominicans. Here was born under contrary Stars Ludovicus Vives, and Pope Alexander the Vlth. CuUera a Sea-Town, at the mouth of the River Xucar, formerly ^^j- cre», after the name of the River, and is famous in Vlntarch for the Vidtory of 5m<3r/;#i againft /^ow/>9'. f Denia^ Dianicum of PtoL Strab. Plin. and Solin, gives Title to the Marqucfs of Dema, fince created Duke of Lerma, Ahcant is known by the good Wines which are tranlported from thence. Upon theSea-fliore, at a place c2\\qA Morvedra, are to be feen the. Ruins of the Ancient Saguntum of Polyb. the deftrudtion whereof T ■■ mmm^mmmmm Of Spmi 2f^' by Hannthal occftHoned the fecond Punick Wan A Town fp faithfu^ to the Romansy that the Inhabitants chofe rather to burn thetnfetves, than yield to Hannibal i Founded by the Zacbintbiam. Here is alfo the Promontory F(frr near which yet ftandeth an ancient AqueduA of the Ramans. Calabora upon the £^ro was the Calagorina of Ptcl, Calazuris of Strair, and Cakgmris of ^»r. a Town of the Vafcones, and oT the Orator Quintilian, Logronnio upon the faid River was the Juliohiga of ?toL and J/i- liohrica of Plin. .',*.:■. New CafiiUy is a Countrey for the moft part Champian and plain^af- fording fufficient plenty of Com, FruitSj and other neceifary proviHon. Qhiefer Towns are» i. MaJriJ, the Mantua of Ptol. Madritum al.xh^ Seat of the Kings of Spairiy and now one of the mofi fair and populous places of the Kingdom, well built with good Brick Houfes, many having Glafs- Windows, which is very rare in all Spaing the moft confiderable Buildings are the Piazza, the Prilbn, the King's Chappel and Palace, the Palaces of the Duke of Alva, of Medina. d« los Tor- res, &c. The EngUfl) CoUedge of Theatines, U Retire, &c. Out of Town, St. Perdo, and the Efcurial, or the Magnificent Monaftry of St. Laurence, which is about feven or eight Leagues from Madrid^ amongft the Spaniards paiTed for the Eighth Wonder of the World, and is faid to have coft King Philiptht Second above twenty Millions of Gold ; no great Sutn for a Prince who is faid to have expended 700 Millions of Gold during his Reign. 2. Toledo, the Toletum of Plin. ana Ant. then the chief City of the Carpetani, mounted upon a fteep and uneven Rock, upon the right Ihore of the River Taio, with whofe circling ftreams it is almoft en- compafled. By the Goths it was made the Chamber and Royal Seat of their Kings. LJnder the Moors it became a petty Kingdom, and their ftrongeft hold in thofe parts ; after five years Seige in the year logf. recovered by Alphonfus the Sixth, King of Caftik and Leon. Now an : Univerfity, an Archbifiiop's See, the richeft in Europe, whofe Bifliop is Primate and Chancellor of Spain. Alcala dt Henares, is the Complutum ofPtol. and Jnt. an Univerfity founded by F. Xmenes^ Cardinal and Archbifhop of Toledo. Calatrava upon the River Gaudiana, abandoned by the Templets, and ' now;^,ives name to the Order of Knights fo called, confirmed by Pope : Mexup.ler the Third, 1 164. Alc^-raz. gives name to the Mountainous Trads of Sierra de Alcaraz, Cu'-'ca, a Bifliop's St c:, and Seat of the Inquifition, once an Invin- cibk* Fo. trefs of . n . Vf^ors ag^inft the Chriftians, yet won from them Anno 1177. by itunctiui the becond V ing of Cafiile, 'l.'X Sigi4enca, mi mm ■^ \\ 91 6 Of Spain. Siguema, or Siguefiica, is the Segontia, Strab. Tlin. the Secuntia of Uv, ^& Stcontia Ant. Segont$ala£ia of Ptol. a City of the Celtiberiy now a Bi- /hop's See, having a fair Cathedral. The Kingdom of Leon was the firft which the Chriftians eftabliflied after the Invafion of the Moors. The City which bears its name, has in it a Cathedral famous for its beauty. The Ch.urch of Toledo is mag- nified for its Wealth; that of Sevll for its bignels ; that of Salamanca for its Strength. The City of Salamanca is honoured with an Univer- sity, which has the Privilege to teach the Wbrew, Greeks Arabicky and CbalJee Languages : They talk here of the Valley of Vatuegas, lately difcovered in the Mountains of this Kingdom, and which was never known before from the time of the Moon i ivafion ; difcovered by the. occafion of an Hawk of the Duke of Alva's, which was loft amongft thofe Mountains : His Servants clambering from one Hill to another in fearch of it, at laft happened into a pleafant and large Valley, where they fpied a Company of naked Patacoesy or Savage people, hem- med in amongft thofe many Rocks or Mountains. And then told their Mafter , That inftead of his Hawk, they had found a New World in the midft of Spain. Upon further difcovery and enqui- ry they were thought to be a remnant of the ancient Spaniards, who had hid themfelves amongft thefe Mountains, for fear of the 'Romans, ' Of Catalonia, ani the County of Rouffillon. CAtalaunia, rather Catalonia, by the French Catalogne, is varioufly derived by Authors ; fome from Gothalonia, ofthoGoths and Ala- vi\ fome from the Cafieliani, the old Inhabitants hereof: Others from the Cattaloms, who alfo had hcr»;- iheir dwellings ; others from thzCattiof Germany , and the Alani ci Sarmatia, nOVf JLithu- ania. Paulus Hieronymus aflerts it to be 170 dalian miles long, and 150 broad : Boterus tells us there is numbred in this Province one Duke- dom, viz,. Cardona ; three Marquifates, 1 1 Earldoms, many Baronies and Lordfhips, 5-6 Cities, or Walled Towns, and Six hundred thou- fand Inhabitants, among which were loooo Fnncb Shepherds and Husbandmen. Some Authors tell us the Countrey is Hilly, and full of Woods, yielding but fmall ftorc of Corn, Wine, and Fruits j fome fay it abounds with Corn, Wine, and Oyl. Others tell us it is motQ^. ricM riched through itf Maritime Scitiution, than by homebred Commo- dities. Chief places are Barcdotia, Barcmnot Ttol. Barebmoo^ Mila und Lir, Barctno of Ant. a Roman Colony, firnamed Faventia by Flirt. Seated upon the Mediterranean Sea, betwixt the Rivers Batulm and Nela, now Bejons and Rubricat, or Lobregat River, won from the Moors by Ltvus the Godly, Son to the Emperor Charles the Great, It's now a rich and noted Port. A Bifliop's See and Academy ; faid to be built by Hamilcar. Ant. Beutb faith it was built by Hercules. 'Tis the Seat of the Vice-Roy, and Inquifition for the Province. 'Tis beautified with ftately Buildings, both private and publick, with delightful Gardens: Its Port hath a Bridge or Mole of Seven hundred and fifty Paces into the Sea, for the better fecuring of Ships. Terragona^ Terracona Strab. & Viol. Terraco Vlin. Mela^ d^ SoUnus^ is plc^fantly feated about a Mile from the Mediterranean Sea, upon the Eaft of the River Tulcis^ now Francolino, tefte CotjitOj founded by C«. and Tub.Scifto during the fecond Punick War; a Repofitory of ancient Monuments: FtJ.Nomitfmc. 85'. Afterwards made a Roman Colony, and the cheif Town, giving name to the Province Tcrraconen/ls, It was An. I'i'ji. an Archbifhop's See, and Academy founded by Car- dinal Gajpar Cerven. Lerida, Tlerda Ant. Strab, Vtol. Vlin. Lucav. A Bifliop's See and Uni- verfity, feated upon the Rivers Sicoris, now Segre, or Segor, and not on the River Lingay and the chief City oi Arragon, ( as Heylin faith ) Its adjacent Fields are well llored with Vines, Corn, Fruits, and Oyl, oftentimes befiegcd by the French, and as often relieved by the Spaniards. And is famous for the Encounter which happened nigh un- to it, between Hercukjm the Treafurer oiSertorim Army, and ManiU lius Proconful of Gtf//;tf, wherein ManilltHs was difcomfired, and his Army routed. Cerdona'is a Dukedom of the fame Name, where are three things remarkable, A Mountain whofe Earth is like Meal or Flower. A Fountain whofe Water is of the colour of Red Wine. A Salt of di- vers Colours, but if pounded it appears only white. Tertoja, by the French Tortofej a Bilhop's See, feated upon the River EbrOf Dertofa Vtol. & Ant. DcrtoJJa Strab. Dertttfa Vlin, a Rofna}} Colony, JFortified with two Caflles. nde Marin. Siculum. Girona, Gerttnda Vtol. Ant. Vlin. a Bilhop's See and Dukedom, givtjs Title to the EldeftSonsof the Kings of Arragov, buik by Gaiofi yij years after the Flood, tejle Bctttbero. oi», fenthis Son Henry with an Ar- my to force it, y^». I f 42. but the Town was well fordficd, fo brave- ly manned, and fo well llored,that this Journey proved as dishonoura- ble to the French, as the Invafion of Proverce, and the Siege of Mar* feUes had been to the Emperor. Places of moft Note, are Perpignan, '^apirianum & Verpinianum. huWz out of the Ruins of Rufcimmi An. 1068. by G«i«^r^ Earl of RouJJll- /{)»,feated in a pleafant Plain upon the River Thdis or Thetis, a. rich and flourifliing Empory, and a flronghold againft the French, till the ye^i 1642. Vide T^omium d^ M^rianum. CoUiure & Colibre, by the French CoUioure, EHeberri Mela, EUibsris Vhv. Ihberis Livi, lileris Ptol. Illyber^ Strab. Elna, by the French Elne ; Helena, of the Ancients, feafed upon the River Tech, once an Epifcopal Sec, but in An. 1604. it was tranfiated by Clement the 8//;. to Perpgnan. Cerat, Ceretum, near the River Ttch, was the meeting-place of the French and Spaniards Commiffioners, for regulating -^the limits and bounds of their Kingiloms, Anno 1660. BeHagardia is a ftrong place, often taken and retaken by the Frencft and Spaniards, feated near the entrance of Perttts into Catalonia. Sal, Salfufa oi Mela and Ant. taken by the French, 1640. Between France and Spain, are the Pyrenai Mantes, which tieth Spain to the Continent. The Cantabrian Ocean fiercely beating on the Well, and the Mediterranean gently wafliihg the Eaft ends of them ; the higheft pare whereof is Mount Canus, upon which in a clear day may be fcen both the Seas : The French fide of thefe Hills are faid to be F f 2 Naked ^^^ BpFVBMpfpM aae Of Sptin. Naked and Barren; the 5;>^«i/3[» very fertile, and adorned with Trees. Here was Rovce Falles, fo famous for the Battel betwixt the Fyencb and the Moors, m which Rowland, Coufin to Charles the Great, Oliver, and others of the Peers of France, were put to the Rout, and zoqoo of the French, The other Dominions of the King o^ Spain, next to France, are the Spanijh Provinces, or Flanders, and the French County, Conquered in part by the King of France. In Ifa/y theDutchy of Aiilan^ Final, Or-^ bite'Jo, the Prote the mbft rare and precious Merchandizes of the EaJ^. l&it Cbnquefts have extended above fiyethoufand Leagues upon the Coailof BrazHe, and in the Bafi-lndies, their defign being only Trade. It is true, that of late for feveral years they have not made any great Progre^, or faither Advantage, by reafon of their War with S^aw, and the gccat Garifons ^^ ) ~'^ 'hey are forced to keep againft the Hoi- lander, which hascau(ed the. furrender fome Places into the hands of the £is£/i/)Ei upon the Royai ^^atch between Portugal md England, viz. Tangier and Bombay. The Provinces of Portttgal have all their particular Commodities ; f^ey afford among other things (lore of Citrons , and excellent Oranges. They have fome Mines ; for the Greeks and Row^ws fought in Portu- gal for that Wealth which the Poriuguezes fearchfor in the Indies. They ate fo wdt Peopled, efoecially toward the Sea, that there are to be rec- koned above fix hundred privileg'd Towns, and above four thoufand Parifhes. The Roman Catiiolick Religion only is profefled there ; and thofe that are of the Race of the jeTt/s, are forc'd to baptize their Chil- dren. There are three Archbifhopricks, Lisbm, Braga and Evora ; and ten Bifliopricks ; the Archbilhops of Lisbon and Braga^ have each of them 200000 Livres Rent. There are InquiHtions at Lisbony at Coimhra, and at Evora ; and Parliaments at Usbon and Porto, places of general Receipt of the Kings Revenue, Twenty feven Places have their Ge- jieralities, which are called Comanjuesy or Almoxanfates. The Order of Chrift that refides utTomaryM the moO ccnilderable wliichrhey have. The Kings are Grand Mafters thereof; for upon that Order depends all their Conquelts from abroad. The Knights wear a red Crofs, and a white one in the middle, whereas the Knights of Avts wear a Green Crofs, and thofe of St. James a Red one, who have their Refidence AiPaltndla near io^etuval. It is faid chat the Revenue of the Kingdom, fetting afide riiat cf the Indies ^ amounts to above ten Millions of Livres. In f Of Ptfriu^aC- 12^ Ifi the Year 1640. this Kingdom revolted from the King of 5^ ^.cariaAuguftaofPtoL Bracaraoi Ant. and Braca oiPlin. isrenown'dfor the feveral Councils that have been held there, and for the pretenHon of the Archbifhop, who claims to be Archbifliop oi !i\\.7rales-Montes,\s{ioted with Mines,and adorn'd with the City of Braganza the Capital of a Dukedom of 40000 Duckets Revenue, wherein there are alfo fifty little Towns, and other Lands, . which Entitle the 'Duke oi Braganza to be three times aMarquifs,(even times an Earl, and many more times to be a Lord. The Princes of that Name, who are now in poffeffion of the Crown, ufually rcfided ' at Villa Vimofa ; and had a Prerogative beyond the Grandees of Spain, to fit in publick under the Royal Canopy of the Kings of Spain^ Beyra is fertile in Rye, Millet, Apples and Chefiiuts ; Her City of Co/w- bra, formerly theRefidence of Alphonfm thefirft King of Portugal, who enjoyed a longer Soveraignty than any Prince fince the beginning of the Roman Monarchy attained to, faith Heylen ; SaporesthQ Son of Mif dales • King of Perfia, whofe Father dying, left his Mother with Child, and * the Perfian Nobility fetthe Crown on his Mother's Belly before (he was quick, came fhort of him by two years ; is famous for the Univerfity, and for the Biihoprick. which is reckoned to be worth above a hundred ' thoufandLivres of Annual Rent. Edremadura produces Wine, Oyl, Salt and Honey, which the Bees there make of Citron Flowers and Rofes. Her City of Lisbon, Oltofippon of Ptol. Olijtppon of Ant, Oly/ippo Solpus, . and Olyfipo of Pliny, a Municipium of the Romans, S'lrnamed Faltcitas Julia, the Rdyal Seat of the Kings of Portugal, an Archbilhop's See, the ttam li J ' A\ ■♦ ' SS4 Of rcrtugdl. ths Refidcttce oFthe Vice-Roys, a flourifliing Empory ; fcituated up- on five riling Hills upon the right Shore of the River Ta^Vy Tnjo Inco- lis, about y miles from the Ocean, having the advantage of the Eb- bing and Flowing of the Sea. It it faid to contain ;2 Parifh-Churches, ^$o Streets, iiooo Dwelling- Houfes, 160000 Inhabitants, befides Church-men, Strangers and Courtiers ; and with the Suburbs, about 7 miles in compafs ; the Capital City in all the Kingdom, one of the faireft, richeft, thebiggeft and beft peopled of Europe, The little Town ofBelem, which is neaf to it, is the Buryng- place of many of the Kings of Portugal. Sentarim is fo happy in the great number of Olives that grow round about it, that the Natives boaft that they could make a Ri- ver of their Oyl as big as tagus. It was the Scabalifcus of Vtol. the Scabalis of Ant. and Tlinyy Sirnamed Frafidium Julium, then a Roman Colony, and a Juridicial Refort, named from St. /r^we, a Nun of To- 9ftar, here martyred and enfhrined. Setuhal, the Salatia of ?tol, is well fcituated, and well built, and is a Town of good Trade j ' it is the beft Haven in all the Kingdom, 30 miles long, and 5 broad j her Salt-pits, and her Wines, by what the 'Portugez.es relate , bring a greater Reve- nue to their King, than all Arragon to the King of Sfain. Menteio pafles for the Granary of Pertugnl^ by reafon of the Corn which it produces. The City oiEvcra claims the next place in Dignity to Lisbov, In the Year 1663. the Portugutz.es overthrew the Sfaniards in a memc^able Battel near to this City. E/v^ is famous for its excccllent Oyls, and for the Seiges that it has profperoufly held out againft the Spaniards. Ourieiue is the place where was vjught that famous Battel which occa- fioned the Proclaiming of the firft King of Pcrtttgal'^ Portekgre is a Bi- * (hop's See ; Beja is fuppofed to be the Pax J^^li^ of Plin. and Ptd. Al- garvcj though fmall in extent, it aflumes theTitle of a Kingdom, and was re-united to the Crown by the Marriage of Alphonjm the Hid with BeatrictofCafiiki It produces Eggs,01iv«s, Almonds and Wines, which are very much efteemed ; and indeed the word Alga-bia in the Language of the Moors, fignifies a fruitful Campaign. Chief Towns iXQjTavila, or Ta'viraytht Balfa of Ptcf. and Plin, Faro is feated near the Cumnm Promontorium^ now Capo St, de Maria. Stive's is the Ancient OjJ'aiufba of PtoL thtOnoba of Mela, the Scvaba of Strabo, by the Mvors, Excuba by the Spaniards, Ejfoyy by fome Eficmber. Lagits is leated near the Promontorium Sicrum of Stmb. and Vtnl novv Cape St.r;»cf«f,from the Relicks of the Holy Martyr brought from Vahn'ia, by the perfecuted ChrifHans, flying the Cruelty of Abdarrabman, the firft King of the Spanish Moors j removed afterwards to Lisbon by King Ferdinand. Of r mmmmm^ ¥ B .^t^man C . ..Vattfin D..^ilan . £ . CenaxL H . Vinice . I . I stria, . Ja.^anutai "L, .Xucca. . M.jlTTifcana. < N. State fff^ O .iT^plts Aj V Iraij Wo\ ^ufonia once E Hcious < it is noi "•^"■HP »ii I Tab Anzlis, Italia IncoJis & Hifianis^ Italic OaUis, Weljcblandt Getmanis^ miskaZemia, Polonis,Ulofka,Sclavonice ; called alfo by the AncientF, Moniay Camefena,Oenotria,Hefperia, Jankula.SaUumhma^^^^ once Emprefs of the theo known World jftiU the faireft and moft do. Hcious Country oiMurofe. After fo long time, fo many Ages elapfed, it is not certainly decided who were herfirft Inhabitants j nor whether G g lome |[ n J-. ' "f^^'^SBP 11^ Of Italy. .w \\i-. \ .1, I • i \- fome one Nation did planHiere, after the Conftrfiofi of 5<»^f/j or that It was peopled by Hftltf -arvd little, ai feveraJ Nations did arrive ; 'tis equally dubious, whether it received its general Name at firft, or whe- ther particular Parts I^ firft their Apellations : 'Tis certain, that fe- veral Nations, at fundry times, did tranfporc themfelves thither from .GVcfc^jand peopled all the Sea-Coaft, faid tohQ J tims, An, Mun. 192 y. after whohi came 5«r«r« out oiCteet^ Evander, or Oenotrus out of Arca- ' dia-j with'^ their Followers ; after them arrived fome Trojans^ under the "!C0ndu(5tof e/£w4/i whofe kind entertainment by Z.uhlica Gemenfis, upon the Coaft of Mare £/f«y?;V«w, to whom belongs affo C«»»;/8r4, & Capraria hfula, 7. Dux Mantuanus e gente GorttagayKLjjdQT whom is Ducatus Mantua' Kus, and the greater part of Ducatus Montis Ferrati. 8. Dux Mutimnfis e gente Efieft/tf under whom is Ducatus Mutinen- fisf & RbegienJtSf Principatus Carpe»fis,(^ CorregUn/ts, cum Er'mianaji, and great part of Carferoniana, or Carfagnana, x( ' ,, ■ > 9. Dux Permenfis e gente Fame/ta, who enjoyeth Ducatus Permfips & Placentinusy Ditto Bujfetana, and great part of Principatut Vallis tari» 10. Lucca, or Refpuhlica Lucenjisy in Heturia. 11. Dux Majfa e gente Cibo, containing Ducatus MaJJ'a^& Principa- tus Carfaria, in Heturia, 12. Duix Mirandulanus e gente pica, containing Ducatus MiranJuU C^ Com.it^tuf Concotdia. ,m.>''^->\ 13. Dux G aft alia e gente Gonx,aga. Under whom is Ducat fj; Zua^ fiatle,cum^Luz,ava^ Juzava, " f 14. DuxSabulonetay\iTiAttth' 16, Princes Sulpburini S gente GoHzaga. A ii H 17. Princips Moneeci e gente Grimald^, under the ProtecSfcion ot'France, 1 8. Princeps Mafferina e gente Ferrer ia Flifiay& .MarcbionatuiCrepacorii. 19. Princeps Plumbini e gente Ludovifta, containing Principatus Plum- hini & Ilua Infula, now Elbe Ificy under the Dominion of Spain, 20. Comes Novellaria e gente Gonzaga, 21. Refpublica S, Marini, Marcbio Fofdinovi e gente Malas-pina, in Valle Magra. 22. Marcbio Montenps : Under whom is Marcbionatus Montis SanBa Maria. 2;. Marcbic Spigni e gente Carenta, The Emperor of Germany has Aquilea, and the Country of GoritZy as alfo terge^e, Pedana & Pi/wo in Iftria. The King of France hath Fig' neroly with its Dependencies ; Now reftored by the Treaty of Refufick. Epifcopus Tridentinusy is under the Dominion of the Count of Tirol. Laftly, The Swijfes have four Italian Prefcdures, viz. Lu^any Lo' carny Mendrijia, und Madia, which before the Year iyi2. did belong to the Dutchy of Milan, G g 2 Of •ft-!l> II »i i«8 Of Helvetia, or 5ci&»?i c \ This Count ryy which fiould have fottowed Germany , being m'tfpUeed in the Copy t is therefore here inserted, AT what time this whole Mountainous TracSf, containing many feveral Nations^ was comprehended under the general Name of Hehetiifthty were grown to fo great a Multitude, by a long Peace, and want of Traffiquc, that the Country, being barren, was no longer able to maintain them ; fo that fetting fire to their own Towns, they re- vived to feek oat new Dwellings; but their palTage being ftopp'dby 1 "■■■ •»*.., -»v«.f.. 11, Of theSwiffes: 319 Cafar, he fo wafted them by Civeral Defeats, that they were forced to crave.leave to return into their own deftroyed Country r After this, they continued Members of the Roman Empire, till Conquered in tlve times of Ho»or/«/ and Vaknt'mian, by the Burgundians and Almainsy be- twixt whom it was divided j after taken by the Fvench, it was made a part of the Kingdom of Burgundy ^ and at length by degrees brought under the Power of the Houfe of yiuftria^ by the forre of the Emperor Alberty the Son of Rodelph of Hafpurg : But the People being over- burthened by the Oppreffion of their Governors, taking occafion by thePadions of the Empire, and theweaknefsof the Aujtrian Family, they contra(aed a League offenfive and Defenfive, for prefervation of their Liberty ; into which entered thofe of Sivitz,^ Uren and Under- paid 1308. more ftridtly 131 y. To thefe joined Z.««r», 1332. Zu" rich, 13 5" I. Claris f Beamy and Zug^ 13 fi. Friburg and Soloturn, 148 1. Ba/tl ind Scbaflaufen J I ^01, Appenz,eely if 13. Called 5M'if%, from the name of the Village where firft began this Confederacy , or becaufe the nroftJFamous and moft Potent of them j not all united into one Confedera^lot^ till the Year ip3- Of no great Reputation till the War made upon^ them by Charles Duke of Burgundy y whom they de- feated in. three Battels at Granfony Moraty and Nancy. This Country is in length about 240 miles, and 15*0 in breadth; very Mountainous, affording Deer , Wild Goats, and Bears. The lower parts of thefe Mountains afford rich Meadows, and nouriihing Paftures for Cattel, wherein confifts their greateft Wealth. In fome places they have gpdd Wines and Corn, if the Care and Induftry of the HusbandmaiTDe not wanting. This is faid to be the higheO^ Coun^ try in all Europe; yet is no place more ftored with Lakes, and the rile 01 iirofe famous Rivers, which run through all pares thereof, viz,. The Rhine Northward, through the 17 Provinces ; the Danube Eaftward, through Germany, Hungary ; the ?oe Southward, through Italy j and the it«><7», Zurich has the Precedency : Bern is the moft Powerful. Bafil has the fineft City, the Refidence, and the Rendezvous of fevcral learned men. The Canton of Seafbattfm has a City, famous for Trade; and in Solotvrn ftands a City of the fame Name, where the moft Cliriftian King's Ambaifador refides. Vren^ Sv^itz., UndefwaU, Glaruj and yippenz.f Grifa. 3. Died Dritture^ov Fee Jus decern Jurifdi^ionum. Sion Ital. Sitten Gtr, Sedunum Caf. d^ Vlin. is the chief To woof /^/tf- fi.e or Wallijlands, rea chi ng along the Courfe of the Rbojne. A^Hiop's See, fcated upon the Rbojne in a Plain, undsrafteep biforked Moun- tain, fpiring up in manner of two high and precipitous Rocks; upon the top of the one is the Cathedral Church, and the Houfesof the Ca- ni.ns upon the other, which is much higher. The ftrong Caftle called 7byrhiley inSummer-timc, the pleafant Recefs of the Bifhops, the Key of the Countrey. ' ■ Martenach is the QBodurus of Caf. & Civit. Vale72(tum /^nt. St. Mauritz, Jgaurutfjy now S^. Moritz, clofcd with a Caftle, and two Gates upon the Bridge, and the Mountains which (hut up the Countrey, which is within niofl: pleafant, fruitful, and happy in Corn, and excellent Pa- fture; where is alfo Salt Springs difcovjered, ./Inm 1^44. ncnv Siften, Alfo divers Fountains of hoc Medicinal Waters. Without, the Coun- try is environed wich a continual Wall of horrid and ileep Mountains. Thefurprifeof it alarmed a\\ Europe, whenfeized upon by the Count Fuentesy for the King of Spaw. Mi'llingen, Hrewgarttn^nd /V/e/fw^f^^, chief Places oUVagenthal, lie up- on the Ruli River. Bid appertainetii to the BUliops ot Baj7/, Neweri' bnrg to the Houfeof LorguevilkxrL frame, both confederate with Bern. The chief places ofTurgoiv, are St. Gal, featedamongft Mountains, not far from thaRbme, and the Lake Bodenz.ee or Con fiance. TheCity is Rich and well Governed, inhabited by an induftrioas People, in making Stuffs and Linnen Clothes. From th' iramous Monaftry hereof, are named the Abbots, Princes of the Empire, and of great Power and Reverence in this Countrey. Frawenfeld is the chief belonging to the Confederate Cantons. Chief places in the Italian PrefeAures, are Locern & Locamum^ feAted in a pleafant and fruitful Plain, betvixt high Mountains, nnd the Head of the Lake Maggiore, the Vtrbanm Lacits Strab, & Vlin. and . H h Lugavum "K V .< mmimimmmm f^^^i^W mm J 9i4 • Of ltd}. '. ' ;; Xi(g r Montmeliat), MonmeliaKum^ is the place of ftrengch, with a Ciradel that defends the reft of the Mountains, almoftinacceffible, where they fay the Keys oi Savoy are locked up. Taken by the French 1691. MonflUrs Movflfitrium is an Archbilhop's See, the Civifas Cantontm of Avt. Annecy Annedum^ was the Relidence of theBiiliops o^dve've. Ripatle was the Retiring-place of Fehx the IVth, before and after his Pontificate, that Prince living at peace in fuch a retirement fpom bufinefi, thatit became a Proverb, To /ive atRipaik, ofthofe that only took their plealtire, and lived at eafe. Other Places are Clufe, Clufa, Fantium Santti Johanjiis. St. Jean in Mauriene Tbor,on, Thononium, or Ihumnittm. Le Rourg St. Morice. In the Mountains bordering on this Country and France, are the Pro- geny of the Albigenjisy which about the Year 1100. ftoodfor the Li- berty of the Church, and the Do(5lrineof their PredecefTors j and a- boutthe Year 12 fo. they were almoft utterly ruined by the Popes and French Kings. The remainder preferring their Confcience before ihei r Country, retired up into the Mountains, and by their Induftry and good Husbandry, made thevery Rocks to bring forth Herbage for their Cattel, and here they worfhipped God according to the Reformed Churches until the latter end of Francis the Firft, when happen'd the Maflacre of Merinianum, or Martgvan GnlUs, and Chabrieres. And in the Year 1662, and 1665. they were again perfecuted and malTacred by the Savoyards. Mr. Ray in his Travels of 1665. met withfomeof the Proteftants of Z,«cfr« and Angrcna^t Turin, who told him that they were in number about ifooo Souls, and 2000 Fighting-men; that they dwell in 14 Villages, that they are the only Proteftants in /r^/>', and have maintained their Religion 1200 years. But what have been done to them Hnce 1684. Hiftory is (llent; until the Expedition of the Fauclois, 1689. Wfthin the Limits jo f Savoy is the Signiory o^ Geneva, about eight Leagues in compafs, feated on the Lake Lemanus, divided into two parts by the Rhojne, well fortified, and a flourifliing Univerfity, go- verned by a Common Council, confifHng of 200, the fourchiefwhere^ of are called Smdiques. The Church-Government conHfleth of I^ay- men and Minifters, begun by C':.r ' ... I ??(?s^W^?S»fWWTp'8!f^'«(. •■*\ ^ v-- '■-' V<*»i. :S. *39 Of Piedmont y Fiemont Gallky Prhwipatus Pe- domontana^ Litt, Gallia Snbalpna^ Plin. &c. IT is now in the poffeffion of the Duke of Savoj. The ancient In- habitants whereof, were the SaUjJii, Libya and Taurim^ all van- quiihed by the Rowans, fubdued afterwards by the Lomhartis, of whofe Kingdom it remain'd a part till its fubverfion, and then became divi- ded into feveral Eftates, till conquered by Thomas and Vettr Earls of Savoy, in Anno 148 1. PofTefled after by the French, upon pretence of a Title by the afore- faid Marriage ; after recover'd by the Savoyard, Anno 1 j88. And in the year 1600 compounded with Henry the Fourth, the County of Breft being given in exchange for the Marquifate ofSaluJJ'e, Marchefato fli Saluz,z,o It alts, wliofe chief place is Saluz.z,o ItaL Saluce Gal. Augufia Vagienmrum, & Salina Ptol. of which, together with the reft of Pied^ tnont, and fome places of importance in Montferrat, this Family oiSa- 'voy do now ftand poffelTed of. A Country very fertile in Corn, Cattel, Wine and Fr'iits, Hemp and Flax, compared with Savoy and Swltz.erlarJ, but inferior to the reft of Italy, to which it did belong. It contains if Marquifates, 52 Earldonis, i6oCaftIes, or Walled places : divided into thefe parts, viz,, Ducatas Augufianus, k Duche de Aou(ie. MarchioKatm Segujinus, le Marquifate de Suje. Mar;:hionatus Efo^ redia, le Man^uifate d'' Juree. Marchionattts Saluttaruw, le'Marquifat deSa^ luffe. Marchionatas Ceva. Le Mar qui fat de Ccva, Comitatus A(letijii, le Conte d' Ajle, Dominium Vercelknfe, la Seigmtme de Verced, To which is added Candvenfis TraBus, la Canavefc. The principal Town whereof is 'I'itrin,AugUjfa Taumiorum Tolih, Tim, Ptol. Taiirafia App. &Liv. the Court and Palace of the Duke of Savoy, fcituace on the River Po, a place very important for the Guard of Italy, and fortified with a ftrong Cictadel j adjoning to it is a Park of the Duke's, fix miles in Circuit, full of Woods, Lakes and plealant Fountains, which makes it one of the fweeteft Scituations in Euror. The See of an Archbifliop, and ah Univerfity where Eraftxus took his Degree. VerctUt, & VercelU, Ptol Vcrce^l Gallis, a ftrong Town^ bordering upon M/^;«5 and by the Pyr.man Treaty reftored to the Duke of Savoy, " ' mm mm. ,/ / ii4o Of Montfemt. f^ ■■<•>' l^ice iOr Nizzcy Nicaa Strah. Liv, Urhs Vedidntiorumj built out of the Ruins of Cemelcr.eunty Vtol, Cey*jtUony Vlin. Cemda. I^ot. fix miles North- wards. Seated at the Influx of the River l^arusy near the Sea ; beauti- fied with a Cathedral Church, the Bifliop's Palace, a Monailery of Nuns, and an Impregnable Citadel , famous for the refinance of a Navy of 260 Sail, under the Turkijh Admiral Barbarcfa, Anno 1 ^43. given by Joanna Ludo'vico II. to the Duke of Savoy ^ ^?<5f. The Coun try is called "iskaenjii Comitatus, la Contado di Nizz,.:, Inrolis, La Comte ds Nice Gallts. And is famous for the Aftronomer Hipparcbusy and the Poet Partbentus. Near which is the Harbor yUla Franca, Where the Dukes Gallies do ride. Jurea, or Hiurea \s ths Eporedia o^ Pfol.' Eporredia Plin. Evoradia Strab. Eporadir j-Atit. EwftJ\A Sbeld. a Bifliop's See and ^ivcs Title to the Marquijate del Juree, Com Cuneum^ taken by the Frencb 1641. now it belongs to the Duke of ^^jx'^-, a ftrong walled Town. Suj'e SeguJiuM, Ptok Segufio Plm. & Ant. is the chief place of the Segujinus Marcbtonatm. Civa, the Ceba Cafium & Ctbanum Vlin. and gives name to a Marquifate. Aoufie, Aofia & Augfl-. Gerw. At>cjf & AoH Gallisy is the Augufla Pratoua Plin, & Ptol. and the chief of Augufia Vucaiusy anciently a Roman Colony, and now for greatnefsand beauty of her buildings may compare with the moll ftately Cities of Lombard], Saluz.z,a halts, Saluda j Saliva^&Attgnfia l^agicnmrumo^ the Ancients ; SalucCj Gallisj is the chief place, Mircbcjato di Saluz,x,o. Carmantoky tiowCarmagmUy isfeated two miles from the Po River, and nine from the Tenarus. Quura< is the Cbcrafcco or Ctuya',cOy Carrea Plin. Clarafcum & ChieraJcOy famous for the Peacq made Anno 163 i. The Principality of Maj/er an is undtr the Government of its own Prince, ( egevte Ferrera Fhfca ) who is a Dependant on the Pope. Ptgneroly Pmaroliam Pinarolo ItaL Fortified with a Caftle of great importance; fold by Cbarlej Emanudto Lewis t\\Q Thirreenih of f ranee. Anno 1631. a Commodious Pafs from France to Ital) on all occafions Of Montferat, or Montis Ferratt Ducatus^ Monferato 1 talis y Monferrat Gallis. TH E Efbte or Country of Montferat doth in part belong to the Duke of Mantua, and the reft to the Duke oi Sa'vojy a Moun- tainous Country, but of a fertil Soil. The River Tenarus parts the Polleflions of A/ ■.t'l^'hy • ftS^-, \- <-kv'.J,-'i]-:li,\ ONce v^y large, at prefent containing only the Ancient Liguria in the Continent, the Ifle Corjica and Capraria The old Ligurians were a ftout and Warlike Nation, vanquifiied by the Romans, and made one of the 1 1 Regions of Italy, in Auguftus Cafar\ Divifion ; andpne of the 17 in the time of Conjl amine thz Em- peror. A Country very Mountainous in the Land, and full of craggy Rocks to the Sea, but among thofe Hills are Rich Valleys, abounding in Citrons, Limons, Oranges and Vines, which produceth excellent Wines. Tis Mn length about i yo miles, in breadth not one fourth part fo much, tho fome Pretenders to Geography tell us, 'tis 100 in length, and not fo much in breadth. : The chief City whereof is called Genoua,of old Geti:ta\ fifft built by Janus the firft King of Italy, but miferably deftroyed by Mago the Bro- ther of Hannibal '^h\jL\\t again by the Senate oi Rome, but again ruined by the Lombards, and re-edified by Charles the Great, fcituate on the Shore of the Ligurian Sea, full of (lately Palaces richly adorned within and without, to which are joined pleafant and delightful Gardens. Its Strada Nuaija or Newfireet, being along and fpacious Street, on each It fide. >> Swr^. m I nil . I ' I m mwiaK 24^ ^/ Qtnoui* fide, embelliAied with ftately Palaces, for the noft part all fLj»orted with vaft Pillars of Marble, not to be parallel'd in the World : Among which is the Jefuits College, and Magnificent Church, but inferior to a new Church, over one of whoie Altars (to omi( other Ornaments of an exceflive value j are placed four Pillars of wreathed Aggat of an incredible greatnefs. The Palace of the Doria with its famous Bird- Cage. To which we may add its new Mould built even in the Sea, which makes the Port fencompalTed with fair Buildings, In form of a Theatre ) twice as large, and much fafer than before ; oppofite to which, on a Pharos is a Lanthorn of great bignefs, to give light to Sea-men iri the Night. This City is in circuit about 8 Miles, fortified towards the Sea by Art, towards the Land by Art and Nature. Now Genotia, la Suferha. The Inhabitants are addided to Trade and Ufu- ry. The Women are allowed the liberty of the Streets. Other places of Note, are Sarzaua^ or Serezana, a ftrong Fortrels within the Confines of Tujcany* Frwcipattts Adtmaci, AJonaco Incolis, Mburgues GaBisj Hercules Monaci fortm of old, is a fmall, but a ftrong Town, feated upon a Rock under its own Prince Gente GrimaUi, Aon. 1641. it received the French Protedion. Finale is the FoUio^a of yifit. tefie Siml. Taken by the French 1691. as was alfo, Oneglia, a Principality under the Duke of Savoy, te fit Baud, Savona Savo Liv. famous for the Interview of Ferdinand of Spain, and Levfis the lar^of Frame, as alfo for yielding three Fopes to the Church of Rome, Vintimiglia Ahmmimum Ttol, Albintimilium Tae, Al- hintemelium Cic. Vintimilium Var. and Alhenga, Albingaunum Flin, Albi* gaunum Ttol. both well fortified. As for their Government, the principal of their Magiftrates hath the Name of Duke, to whom there are adiitant 8 Principal Officers, which with the Duke are called the Signeury, which is alfo in matters of greateft concern fubordinate to the General Council confiiiiogof^oo Perfons, all Gentlemen of the City, who with the Signeury, confiitute the whole Body of the Commonwealth. ' Their Forces have been loooo ready to Arm at any time, and 2 f Gallies always ready in the publick Arfenal, 4 Gallies at Sea to fe- cure their Trade. 1[hey are now under the Shelter and Protection of the Spaniards. ^ ■irl, Of M A .,.^..1 /%' - Hi Of the Dutchy of Milan. Dncatus Mediola- /; , nenjis Stato de Milano. ^ WHofe Ancient Inhabitants were the Infubrts^ but is now under the Obedience of the King of Spahtf feated in the beft part of LomffarJjf, richin Natures gifts, and for its wonderful Fertility eitcem- ed the Flower in theGardenof /r<7/y, and the Nobleft Dutchy in Chri- ftendom; the ways are there very pleafant, fet out almoft as ftraitas a Line, with Channels of running Water, and rows of Trees on both fides ; the moft dcfivab'.e Place to live in that can be feen, if the Go- vernment were not lb cxcertive fevere, that there is nothing but po- verty over all this nch Country. Its cheif City is Milan y Me/iioUnuM Strab. Plin. Milam Itat. Meyland G«j;«». which tho fo often r|^ined,and its Foundations fown with Salt; having been befieged 403 and taken 22 times ; yet it exalts it felf as the faireft and greateft City of all LombarJyy (bated in a wide Plain, environed with feveral Rivers, ftrongly guarded with a fpaclous and almoft impregnable Caflie, beHdes its other Fortifications; the Build- ings fair and ftately, three efpecially very magnificent, itsGaftlebr Cittade!,Hofpitalor LazMretre, itsCathedral or Dome ; here are 36 Mo- nafteries of Niins, 50 Convents of Friers, 9 y Parochial, ti Collegiat Churches, moft of which are ftatclyStruAures, beautified with curi- ous Pointings, Images and Sepulchres. In the Cabinet of the Chanoim SetaOa^ are rare Curiofities, both of Art and Nature. The whole City is about 10 miles in compafs, exceeding populous^ containing ;ooooo Inhabitants ; very rich, having many Families of Nobility andGentry, of great Commerce by reafon of its Misrchants, Shopkeepers and Artificers,, and a general Staple for all Merchandizes from FrancBy Spain, and Other pans of Italy and Germany, Other places in Milan, arei t^avia, PapiafeuTicinum, made an Uni- verfity by Charles the IVth, guarded with a Caftle, and adorned with thericheft Cathedral in Europe, worth ^ooooo Crowns per Annum, famous for the Battel in which Francis the firft King of France was ta- ken Prifoner by Charles the Vth. 2. Alexandria, or AleJJandria, now theftrongeft Work of the wholeDutchy ; well fortified againft the A(^ faults and Batteries of the French, ;» Cremona, feated on the Banks of the ?oe\ a place of good Trade, its Houfes ftately, its Streets large, beautified with curious Gardens, famous for its high Tower and'Ca- « I i 2 thedral ^-, ■annwi "^mmim 2,44 Modeftdf kc. thedral Church. Here Vifelliui*s Soldiers were defeated by the Forces of Veffajian, and the Town fired by them. Lodi is the Lam Pfimpeja of the Ancients, a Frontier Town, bucamiferableGarifon, 20 miles from Milatiy in the remtian Territory. Tortona U the Dertona Vtol. & Tlin. Derton.Stfpb. Dertbon or DartboTj J 5/r<»^. taken by the Freucb, i6^i» after delivered to the Spaniards. Novara, Crewa & Mortara^ are alio confiderable. Her Lakes are L^go Magiore, yerbanm Lacus of Strab. va length 300 Stadia, $6 miles, .ind 6 broad, with her two Borrtmean Iflands, the lovelieft Spots of Ground in the World. 2. Lago Del Co- ma. %. Lugam LacMSj or Lugo di Lugano. Its Rivers are OUiusy now Oglio River ; Abdut, now Adde River; Lambrus fl. bodie, Lambro Ri- ver, Ticinus'fi. now Tc/ine River, which runs with fuch a force, that in 3 hours with one Rower, Dr. Burnet was carried ;o miles. Sencizfl, or Scejia River. 4. Coma, or Cowum, where the Vlinies were born, on the South of the Lagodt Coma, aforcfaid, a Lake 48 miles in length. Laricus Lacus, Strab. & ?Un» Of Modena. • c THE Dukedom of Modena, Dusatus Mutinenfts, Stato delDuca di Modena, contains the Cities oi Modena and Reggio, with the Ter- ritories adjoining to them, Modena the Capital City, anciently better known by the name of Mutina, famous for the firft Battel between An- tony and Augufius Cafar, Now the Refidence of their Duke, whofe Palace, though not outwardly great, yet is richly attorned within ; whofe Cabinet or Mufeum, is well furnifhed with choice of natural Ra- rities, Jewels, &c. BrijJeOo, Brixel/um Tlin. & Ptol. famous for the Death of Otbo the Roman Emperor, who here flew himfelf, becaufe his Army was unfortunately vanquifhed by ViteUtHs, Reggio, Regium Lepidi, a Place that has occafioned great Stirs between the Popes and the old Dukes of Ftrrara, Here are many Sculptors both for Ivory and Wood. ... , . . ■ , • • • ■ ,< » Of Parma. TH E Dukedom of Parma, Ducat us Parmenjts, or il Ducato di Par*- ma, is much of the fame nature for Soil and Air, as Modena. Its cheif City Parma, is feated in a fruitful Plain, y miles diftant 60m the yi/i/fwwf, about four miles incompafs, adorned with many ■. ' rich Of MsMtHtf, ^^% rjclr and ftately StruAures very populous, and well inhabited by Gen* try, who are muchaddi«aedto Learning, Arts and Arms; the Ground J about this City are of excellent Paftorage, which feed abundance o* ' Sheep. Here is made the curious rarmajan Cheele fo much efteemed throughout all Europe, • The Duke hath here his Palace, a place of great delight and (late ; ; its Churches are beautified and rarely embellilhed with Pictures and Images. 2. Piacenztty or Piaeentia, famous for urtsofJaliice, 67Pa- rilh Churches, 26 Monafbsries of Nuns, y4 Covents of Friers, 1 8 Chap- peis, 6 Free Schools,and its Piazza's fumpcuoufiy adorn jd with Statues, Paintings, &c. As for wie Religion of this State, though they tolerate that of the Gttik Church, they profefsthat of the Church cf »Rcwf, but with cau- tion and refped to their own Aiithoiity. Of mmm c^ -, Of Vtmeh ^ dt their Forces Ibme efthnate may be made by the Arms (hey brought againi^ Lewis the XUth, where they had itooo hien of Arms, 3000 Light Horfe, and ijoooo Foot, moK of their own Sabje^s, without any detachments from their Forts or Gariibns. And a fignal Evidence of their power at Sea, was their great F^et let out againft the Grand Sigmtfr tor the War of Cyprus, Anno i yyo. in which they manned out one great Gallion, 11 great Gallies, 2 f tall Ships, and 150 GaUies oflefleriize. To fum up all, they once held A War lor feven years togeiher againft all the Princes of Eur ope, -e,xc&^t England 'y in all which time they neither wanted Men nor Money. We may conclude therefore, That as Europe is the Head of the World, and Itah the Face of Europe ; fo Feniceis the Eye of Italy, the faireft, ftrongeft- and moft adlive par in that powerful Body. The Annual Revenues of this Repulick, according to Mr. Rap information, was about five Millions, and 300 and 20000 Venetian Duccats yearly. Other Cities with their Territories belonging to the State of r*»/ff» are thepleafant Vicenz.a, or Vicentia ; the Healthy, Populous, and Fruit- ful Brefcia, Brixia. The i>rong Forti efles Crema, fix miles off which is the famous Cave of Cnftoza, 4000 foot long, and 5000 broad, and thr-jemiks in circuit, w'th .Its ftately Temple SanBa Maria deOaCruce, and Bergamo, The pleafant Phy fick-Univerfity Padoua, Padua, the Pa- taviumofxhs Ancients, built by ^w/ewr, and is famous for the Birth of Livy, Zaharelj and Maginus^ noted for the Civility of the Men, and Chaftity of the Women, with its Garden of Simples. Tarvijium, Tre- vifi, with its excellent Wheat. Verona, with its Hill Baldus, famous for Medicinal Herbs. The Territory of Friuli, where is the well- fortified ?alma, Feltre, and BeUunc The Territory of Ifiria, l(irie Gall. Hjfiereicb Germ, where is TrieJ^j or Tergejlum, Vetana; now Pedena, be- longing to the Emperor. CittaNova, qt % V ,^ 0/ ^i&^ JE/?/^^^/ of the Cburch or Po^e. TH E Second part of Italy , according to our Method, contains the Ef^ates of the Cbuub, o{Tufr:any., and Lucca i The Teritories of i^c Church are the more confiderable, becaufe the Vope, to whom they belong, is a Spiritual as well as 'x Temporal Prince, Chief and Sove- reign Pontifex, as he ftiles himfelf,of allC*6r|/Jc»//(?w : Patriarch of Rome, and of the fVefi ; Vrimate and Hexarcbof ItaJjf, Metropolitan of cheSuf- fragan-Blfhops of Rome, and BiCiop of St. John Laterati. The chief City is Rome, formerly the Capital City of the moft con- fideiable Empire in the World ; Miftrifs of the faireft part of the Uni- verfe : Famous for her great men that excelled in Valour, Juftice, and Temperance. The Seat of Kings,ConfuIs, and Emperors ; faid to have been jo miles in compafs, and her Walls fortified with 7^0 Towers. But now not having the Moiety of its former priftine Splen- dor and Magnitude, fcarce containing 11 miles in circuit; yet few Cities can compare with her;if we conffder her Antiquity,her Churches, her Palaces, and other Curiofities. Here was the Capitoliaved from the F.ury of the Gauls by the Cackling of Gee(e. It was twice burnt, once in the Civil Wars of Manus and Sylla^Andi in the Wars of Vej^a' Jian and Vitelliui. Here was the Temple of Janus open in the time of War, and fhut in the time of Peace, which happened but three times during all their M'narchy : i. In the time of Numa. 2. After the Tunick War. And ;. .•' the Reign of Augufiusy when our Saviour waf born. Nor muft I forget the Pcwre MoHe, a mile out of the City, anciently Vons Mdvius^ where Confiantine was (hewed the Crofs, with thele words, U hoc Signo Vmces. This City is feated on the Banks of the Rivet Tyber f foFmerly upon ten Hills, though now chiefly in "-he Campus Martius. ) On the topof the Vatican Hill is the proud Palace of the Vopesy large enough to entertain three Sovereign Princes at once, and their Attendant^; beautified and enriched with excellent Paint- ings and Curiofities, with the Garden Bckedere, famous for its rare Plants, delightful Walks, and curious Statues. On this Hill is the Church of St. Veter^ the moft fplendid and famous in ail Rome\ the moft fumptuous, ftarely, and magnificent Strudure in the World ; of that Majeft4ck bulk and greatnefs, that it exceeds in alldimenfions the moftfamous Temples of the Ancients; in length yzo Foot, and i,^<^ in breadth ; adorned with Paintings, Tombs, and other choice Re- liques. My Bounds willnot permit to rpi;ak of its other Chuiches, Ho- - ' fpitals, jtf-,.-^ MB ■■ he of ey to Of the Eflates of the Church or Pope. 249 fpitalSjMonafterieSjConvents ;of its Libraries, as the Vatican^ the Jefuits CW%e,8£C.The Palaces of the Cardinals are ftately Strudures,and rich- ly adorned J to which are joined pleafant Gardens. Here are feveral PM2i2ir/», featedon a high Rock. In Terra Sabina are Narni, Ne- quino, and Terni, In Campania Romana, the chief places befides Rome are Ardea, now ruined, once the Seatof 7«r»«j King of the J?«f«/i,the Rival and Competitor to a/Eneas ; taken by Tarq, Superbus, the refuge of the Romans when the Gauls had taken Rome ; as is a\{oAlba Longa, once the Seat of the Sylvian Kings ; after the Dae! between the three Brethren of the Horatii and Curatii, it was ruined by Tullus Hoftilius. Interamnaof old,on the River ASia,where Brennus with KxsGauls ovef camethe Roman Army of 40000, and marched to Row;e,and had a- greed for 1000 pound weight of Gold toforfake the City, but before the payment of the money, they were vanquiflied by Camillus. Alba the Seat of the SyhianYiAng%. Paleftrina, Vranefte, of old the refuge oiMaritts againft 5yi7<»,who killed 12000 of the Citizens when he tooktheTown. Ofiia, built by Anctts Marcius, leated atthe mouth of Tiber, but its Ha- ven flopped up ; whofe BiOiop confecrates the Pope. Lavinia, fo named from La'^ji/ria Daughter to Latinus King of the Laurent ini, married to \/£neas. Trivoli, Tibur of the Ancients. Chief Places in the Patrimony of St. Peter, are Feii a City once of great ftrength, wealth, and compafs. In the affaulc of which, ;o6oC Bie Fabii were flain in one day, only one Child left at home, who re- ftored the Family, and was the Anceftor of Fabius Maximus, the Pre- ferveroi Italy agaln^ Hannibal: After a Siege often years, this City was taken and deftroyed by Furius Camillus. Civita Veccbia, a Maritine Town abounding with Allom; here are kept the Popes two Gallies, maintain- ed by ; 0000 Duckets, the yearly Tribute of 40000 Curtezans.7Vrr«. The Cathedral or DowoSt. Maria Florida, is alfo one of the chief Ornaments of it ; as alfo the New-Chappel of St.Lorenzo, faid to be the moft rich and magnifick Structure in the World. The fecond City is Pifa, once a rich, populous, and flouriihirig City when a Free State ; now poor, and muchdefolate; feated at the en- trance of the River Arm into the Sea, recovered to the Florentines by the Valour of Sir John Hawkwood, an Engltjhman, now much eclipfed of its former Riches and Power : Memorable for its fair AqttaduB of about po Arches ; its Cathedralw'ith Brazen folding Doors, curioufly engraved ; and its Steeple ibhuiky that on all fides it feems crooked at the top, ready to fall on the Head of the Spedator. Siena , an Inland City, feated in a large, pleafant, and fertileTerri- tory; enriched with Mines of Silver, and (lore of Marble ; adorned with beautiful Buildings ; as the proud Palace, the lofty Tower of Mangioy its Domo built of black and white Marble j parf of it paved with inlaid Marble, containing part of the Hiftory of the Bible. N • 4 I K k 2 I^gorn, g mjumai m K n tf j fj mg^fggm ,.-.;i:.*V > , Legom, or Livoma, Partus Liburnus of old> a fair and beautiful Ctty^ accounted the ftrongeft, and one of the principal Towns of Trade in the Mediterranean Sea, and the Scale of the Florentine Dominions, by whom it was purchafed of thcGenoefes for 120000 Duckets j now the Refidence of many Merchants and Strangers. The Haven within the ' Mole is but fmall,but there is good riding for Ships without. Here the Wind isEafterly in the Forenoon, and Wefterly in the Afternoon, and after Sun-fet, no Wind (Hrring. Ac Pifioya firft began the Quarrels of the Ntri and Beanchiy and of the Guelfe and GibeUint. The Commonwealth of Lucca is about 80 miles in compafs, very fertile, and fo well Inhabited, that in two or three hours time it can have ready 50000 men in Arms. The chief City Lucca^ is a Free Town rich and fplendid ; well Fortified, and Adorned with many fair Edifices, and ftately Churches, of which that of St. Martin is the chief: 'Tis feated in a Plain about two miles in Circuit. It bought its Liberty of the Emperor Rodolphut, and hath been ever fince very zea- lous to preferve fo fair a purchafe. It was the Meeting-place of Pom- fey Cafar, and CraJJus, where they joined into a Confederacy. And here the Women walk the ftreets more freely than in other Cities^of Italj. The publick Revenue is thought to be 100000 Crowns ^^r Annum, Their Olives the beft in Italy, Adjoining to Lucca^ are the Principality o^Malefpine, and the Princi- pality of MaJJa, containing only MaJJa and Carrara ; the laft is often the Refidence of the Prince, the other is noted for its white Marble. The Great Duke in all his Dominions is fupreme and abfolute Lord, and impofes what Taxes and Gabels he pleafes ; every Houfe pays to him the Tenth of its yearly Rent. No Houfe or Land fold, butat leaft one tenth part goes to him. No Woman married, but he hath 8 per Cent, of her Portion. And every one that goes to Law, pays 2 per Cent. of what he fues for.' Every Heifer pays a Crown. And not a Basket of Egg: that comes to Market bu^ pays fome Toll. Befides the Territo- ries of Florence and Pifa^ called the old State, of which he is abfolute Soveraign,and the Territory of Siena, called the new Stare, for which he is Feudatory of the King o( Spain: He is alfo poireffed of a great part of the Ifleof Elba^ which he holds oi Spam : part of Graffignana, bought of the Marquefles of Af^/e/^iw. The Earldom of St. F/or^:, pur- chafed of the Strozzi, The Marquifate of .9.;>-^w(?. And the Earldom o( P it igliano and Saranp, and fome other fmall places for which he is Feudatory of the Emperor. Radicofam in Tufcany, and Burgo San Se- fukhro in Umhriaj for which he is Feudatory to the Pope. ■/■-'■ ' His ^ "^t^ His Citadels and Fortrefles are well Fortified, and provided with Ammunition and Viduals, in which he keeps four or yooo Soldiery in conftant pay. He isable to fend into the Field 40000 Foot, 5000 Horfe. He can put to Sea twelve Galiies,'two GalealTes, and twenty Ships of War. ,v'' '._.,■ ^rir/, . ". . r r .^ ; , Intermingled in theTerritories of thsGreat DnkejUrs the Principality of Piombmo, Noted for fome Mines of Leadj.Forcified with a ftrong Caftle, in the Hands of the Spaniards^ as alio fome other Ports and Places on the Sea, viz,. Telamm, Remarkable for the great Battel foughc near unto it by the Romans and the Gauls, where Attilus was flain, buc the Vidory was got by iy£milius^ with the flaughter of 40000, and 1 0000 Prifoners of the Enemies. E^at deUi Pre/iMj OrhitellojPortus Hcrcole, and Moute Argent arfl^^iQiW fubjedt to the Spaniards, and ftrongly Garifoned by them. Of Naflesy or Neapolitanum Regnuniy La- tin; Regno di Napoli^ IncoL TH E Third part oi Italy we have comprehended under the King- dom of Naples, of large extent, and very Fertile ; abounding with Wines and Wheat, and famous for its brave Horfes : Here you may fee large and beautiful Fields over-fhaded with rich Vines, thick and delightful Woods watered with fweet Fountans, wholefome Springs, Medicinal Waters, Baths of divers Virtues ; enriched with Mines offeveral Metals, and decked with fundry Phyfical Herbs : Re- pleniihed with fair and beautiful Cities and Towns. The chief City is I>Japles, one of the fai reft in Etirop/! ; Seated on the Mediterranean ftiore, amongft plealant Hill5, and fruitful Fields ; Forti- fied with four brave Caftles, befidss a ftrong Wall, Ditches, Towers, &c. Enriched and Beautified wich many fupofb Strudures,and magni- ficent Churches, Monafteries, Colleges, P«\laces of Princes and No- bles, with pleafant and delightful Gardens ; a commodious and fafe Port and Haven, where arc kept (lore of Gallies. Here was the Rebel- lion under AJaJfanelfvy and in this City the Difeafe Morhits Gallicuswzst firft known; and nigh unto it ftands the Hill A/owre Gro^^?, formerly Vejiivufs; no lefs famous now for its Gra'ro Wines, than of old For its callingforth fmoke and flames of fire. Upon the very top is a great Pit or Hollow in form of an Amphitheatre of about a mile round. Near to v/hich is the Grotta di Cane, where the venomous vapour afcends not above a Foot from the Ground, c, . ^ Other •\ t " BJ gL ' feSt :•^»!• ^r^ Of Nsples. Other places of Note, are imporrant Cajeta, on a Capacious Bay. Delicious C4^tf4, the Pleafures whereof enervated the ViAorious Arms ., of Harmibal. JSfola was witnefs of Hannibal's overthrow by Marcellits. Near Cuma was the Lake Avernm , with its unwholfome and Sulphu- reous ftink, fo infected the Air, that the Birds flying over, lofe their Lives. At Puteoli, now Poz.x.t4oloy was the Bridge of Ships to Baia three ■ miles over, made by Caligula in a Bravado to awe Neprune, and to ex- ceed the like Afts oi Xerxes and Darius, Mifenum was one of the Stati- ' onsofjiugufims Armada, as Ravenna was the other that awed the whole Roman Empire, and the Burial-place ofi Mtfenm the Companion of t/£neasj tefie Firg. ^^ ..^ . / • ■ Baia, famous for Antiquities, viz. the Sweating Vault, or Bagne dt 7r//o//, and Afwfff •'J e < ■L- .it: Of Briil1BKMMf*»iii«iilliWllliil i i lrt iii iiiliii|i|iiii >i mill i n ijn j.i I < i w ii ii »i ■A OF all the Iflands in the Mediterranean-Sea, Siciljf is the moft Eminent, both for its Repute and Bignefs : It was once, if j-i we may credit the Ancients, joined to the Contimnt, parted by an Inundation of the Sicilian Sea from Italy ; now divided by a fmall Channel a mile and half broad, between Me(fma and Regio, called the Far^ or ?bare of Mejfma\ once terrible from the frightful . . • u. - Names ;^ Of Sitily. . V fj7 Names of ^cyUa and Cbarj/bJis 5 the firfl: a Rock, towards the North in Italy ; the other a Gulph, or Whirlpool, on Sicify-fidQ, which gave the occafion of the Proverb, Inciilit in Scyllam cupiens vitare Charyb- dim J now not fo dangerous or aifi ightful to the skilful Pilot. It had its name from the Siculiit a People of Italy ; before that, it was called Sicaniay from King Sicanus, who came thither before the Trojan War, with a great number of Ibertans. By the Greeks, called Trinacr'ta^ by the L\'jcrf0i, once tlie Metropolis of t! e whole Ifland; th;;grtate(^ and good. ie!t Cicyof thet'.'rcvii ; of a ftrong firuation, and excellent profped : The Ruins and Foundations of it do f^ill demonflrate its priftine Grandeur. N^'o. a City which here- tofore contended with Syracuje for grearncTs ; fciruate on a very high Rock, unacceflible on all fides, "but by one narrow pafiTage. The fair and capacious Harbour Pnjjhri, the never- fortified Haven Angtifia. The Navel of the Ifland, Cali-ro Giovanni, with its Mines cf Salt, Lcontim^ with its Lake, the Filhing wiierenf \=> yearly worth , 18000, fome fay jooooo Crowns. The Midland Town Enna, v;here Ci . ■ LI Vluto lulMin ^^^ '«,- ,• .*■ ■^IP' »5 8 Of SUilf. Vlttto is faid to have ravifh'd Vroferpine, Fanormus, now Palermo, fci- s tuate on the Weft Cape of the Ifland, beautified with large Streets, delicate Buildings, ftrong Walls, and magnificent Temples, with its Artificial Haven, forced out by a mighty Pierre , a Work of vaft ex- pencp; an Archbifhop's See, an Univerfity, and Competitor for Trade with MfJJina. The Port Trapani, was the Drepanum of old , affords the beft Seamen. The Ruined £rtx, near Mont St. Julian, the Seat of King Aceftts, who fo kindly entertained t/£neasy and his wandring Trojatiu The An- l cient Catana, the ftrong taormina^ TauromeMum, near where the C/- clops dwelt ; near M(laz,z,o was Sextus Vomfeim defeated by Augufius, Gtrgantiy the Agrigentum & AygeuK of old, is famous for the Tyrant ^ Thaiarisy and the brazen Bull of Pertllus. * The chief Hills in this Ifle, are lAont HybUy famous for its Bees and Honey ; and Mount t/£tna, for its once continually fending forth Fl<«mes of Firej the Flames now commonly not being fo great and vifible as formerly ; but the extraordinary Eruptions and Conflagra- tions, when they happen, are ftill as terrible and amazing, as ruinous and deftruAive to the Countrey. The Ancient 9y£gatbes, at the Weft end of Sicily^ are famous for the Defeat of CatuUm by the Carthaginians in the fiirft Tunic War. Sardinia y Sardegna Ital. Zerdegna Hifp. Strab. & Sic.^Sardon Hefy. Sandaliotis Flat. Ichnufa Plin, once a Carthaginian Colony ; the next Ifland to Sicily for greatnefs in the Mediterranean, where the Earth is more benign than the Heavens ; the length about 45' German miles, the breadth about 26. Its chief Places are, Calaris Plin. CaraUis Ptol. now Cagliari, the Seat of the Vice-Roy ; a good Haven, and well frequented. Here is the Beaft called Mufoli, of whofe skin is made the right Cordovant Leather. Here is alfo the Herb, from whence comes the Proverb, Rifus Sardonicus. Corjica was firft .called Therafne, afterwards Cyrnm ; in length about 50 German miles, the breadth about 20. It was firft inhabited by the Tufci, afterwards by the Carthagimans, then by the Romans^ then by the Saracens, and now by the Genouans. The moftconfiderable Places now, are AMaz,z.er, Calui, Bomfaci and Bajfia : Of old, Aler/a and Mari.iva were the moft noted. Tiie chief of the Ligarjan or Tufan Iflands, are Elba, Jim Plin. Ptol, Mda. jt/£rhalia Sirab. about 40 miles compafs ; famous for its two Ports, Porto Longone, and Porto Fcrraro ; the firft belongs to the Spa- niards, the other to the Duke of Florence j other Iflands are, Gorgona, Caprata, Monte Chrijio, Giglio, &C. ' V , .,_ L^ . - ■■ ^ '• ^ ' The Im Na frit « the boh ble ma v> }'V . '[■■■■■ 'ft t" 1 OfSUily, , ^c . ^'^^9 The nies of Naphs are 18 in number, the -chief of wtiichi are the Impregnable Jfchia^ ty£naria Plin, The Acjlum of Ferdinand King of NafltSi in the time o^ Charles t\\t\lllt\i of France. 2. froebita. 3. C4- pria, the Retirement of Auguflus and Ttberius, ..*. f' . t.%|-..t! •i r '. ^•.^^ 'y. -4- • -r Vvliitl V c •r . i' - ' ■■■• M "-'^ , ,t>a. ,.,«iw«4t.-=r=:t-.;-»i«^j«'*i- ' '..•...>.: J.-../ .■■: ■. . .. ' 1 . .J \'. -■»■'.' ■ ' ■ LI 2 f'«V«i»«. ^ .Ah .am i i i iii l Ulii.'-! •S^ mm ■•Hi wwaqm™"™'" ... ^r' HCt (^ Sclavcnia; iy ri&i- ■J i} : Axx A.yttjt, W ^. J, Of Cro$Hd.. ^6t raditiy and Zegrahia : A Country more fit for grazing of Cattel, than for Tillage (Tor the Sheep bring forth twice a Year, and are (horn four times i) Its chief Commodities are Horfes for fervice. Oxen, and other wild Bead:, which yields them abundance of Hides, Tallow, Butrer, Cheefe and Wool ; as alfo Wine and Oyl, with fome Veins of Gold and Silver. Its chief Places are, Pofega^ or Segovitz.a, a Place of great (trength ; and GraMska, Gradifcba, Graciatia of old, under the Tyranny and Bondage of the Turkijh Garifons. Zagrabia, Sifopd, Vtol, iefte Moi, Agram, Warafd'm, Variana aliis Varafdium, te^e Laz,to VarianaCafira in Libro Nofitia, belonging to the Houfe of Aufiria\ and Copranitz or Caprancaa, sl fair and ftrorg Place, under the Power of the Venetian. Sirmifcb Germ. Sereim Huytg. Sinnium of old, Valcouvar, Valcum Ant, Veltx,, SimUro. Firovitza, the Key and Entrance into Scla^ venia, Ann. 1684. capitulated, and 600 Jamz,artes marched out, and left it to the Imperialifts, after 113 years polTeflion. TheCaftle of Butcbin and TValf9, furrendred to Count Dunewaldtm Sept, 1687. Ejjeck was allbdeferted by the Turks, where were found 52 pieces of Cannon, 4 Mortarpieces, and a vaft quantity of Ammu- nition and ProviHon. ^offega. fcituated about 4 Miles from the Save, was alfo at the fame time abandoned, and left by the Turks, and ga- rifoned by Count Dnnewaldt. Of Croatia, or Crabaten. ; CRoatta, By this generaj Name v ere all the more Inland parti of Sclavofiia , calleJ. The rcafon of the Name we find not ; it was brought hither nrft by the Sclaves. It is a Country, for the moft part, cold and Mountainous, yet reafonably fruitful, with all necelfary Provifions for the life of man ; were it not for the Ci>t^i effion and Neighbourhood cf the Turks, to whofe Injury it is continually expo- fed : Its chief PUces are, i. Siffig^ famous for the notable Refiftance which the Turks there found, Anno 1^9?. fi. Wihitx,, once the Me- tropolis of the Countrey ; ftrongly fortified by Nature and Art, but taken by ihQTitrksy Anno 1^91. But the chief Place in Cro«jf//i be- longing to the Emperor, is now Carelftat, the Refidence of the Go- vernor or Vice- Roy, Count Herberfiein, Anno 168^. This Country contained anciently the more Inland pprt of Ly- httrnia^ »»). OF '- ' \ •\ -i- iplp i6% Of Bofftiaf Dalmafia^ Sec. .^s h\ a G ^>< BOj'nia It alts, Bofn'ta Gallhf Boffen Germ, was anciently accounted A part of Croatia ; by Ptol. part of lHyricum ; by Cluver p.trt of Pano- nta. To me it feems to contain the more Inland part of the Dalmatia of P7/M. and Ptol. and together with it, it was united to Hungary, un- der the Homage whereot it was eredled into a Kingdom, but of a (Kort continuance ; for in the Year 1464. Mahomet the Great furprized and took it, and converted it to a Province of the Turkifij Empire. The Places of nioft importance therein, artjaicza or Jazyge, ior its Scituaiion on a Rocky Precipice, an unfordable River Plenay and an inaccdTible Caftle, accounted Impregnable. 2. Bofna Serajum, Bqfna Strat, the Metropolis and chief of the Country. 3 . Bunialucum & Vam* iwluchaj forniefly Banjaluch, the Refjdence of the Bo/nian Kings. Na- med thus from the River Bofna, or from the River Btffi, a People of the Lower Majia^ expulfed thence by the Bulgarians, and fleeing hither. 'Tis now a Turkijh Province, commanded by a BaJJa, and contains the Dutchy of St. Sabba, now HtrtZjegovina, tefi^ Luae. • ■ . . - ./ Of Dalmatia^ lUiricum Folib. lUiris Ptol. lUiria Stefb. THIS Province was by the Ancients divided into Lthmia on the Weft, and Dalmatia on the Eaft, now vulgo Scbtovonia, te(te Baud, It lies along on the Sea Goaft of the Adriattck Sea, and is now poiTef- fed by the Venetians and the lurks : The chief places polTelTed by the Venetians, SLVcSpalato, Spalatum dim Epetium, now Zarnovia, or Zarnou' fiiza,teHe Lucio, a Maritime Town, and the Emporium of the Venttians ; feated in a moft pleafant Vallt^ in a Pentnfula, joined to the firm Land of Dalmatia by an Whmus of about a mile over, and is guarded by a pro- digious Precipice of Mountains to the firm Land, through which it hath only one PaUage, which is defended by a Fort built upon a Rock, jult in the Entrance, with an open Port, but unfecure Bay for great Ships. Cltjja, fuppofed to be the Jndretium of Strabo, and A*tdcrium o^ Ptol. is a ftrong Fort more by Nature than Art, fcituated upon a Rock, which ftands juft in the middle of the Paflage between the Mountains, whic*: is fo narrow, that not a Man or Horfe can pafs by without the Licsnf* to f^^r ■i'-i IPWP ppp • ' 0/ Ddlmafia, 6cc, 16} Licenfeof their Caftle. It is now in the pofTeflion of the yenetians, ta- ken from the Turks, 1647. under the Conduct of theSignior FeJ'colo; it is about 8 miles North of Spalato, and 4 from Sakna, In 1 647. Obraoz^za, Carim, Ortijfina^ Velino , Nadtno, Urana, Two and Salomj were fubdued toi the Venetian Arms by the profperous Suc- cefs of Fofcolo. And Sehemco befieged by Mabowet Tedlij who was forced , to raife the Siege with the lofs and (laughter of many of his Soldiers. Zegna, the'Senia of the Ancients. Zara, the Jadera of Ptolomy ; ftrongly fortified, and well mann'd ; of a commodious Scituation, almoft encompaffed with the Sea, only the Eaft-end joined to thefirm Land j now very ftrong, being fecured by divers Redoubts, and 4 Royal Baliions, and a new Line of Forti- fications, which makes it the moft confiderable and ftrongeft Place in all Dalmatia. Sebenico is a ftrong Fortrefs, feated on a rifing Hill, whofe fpacious Port is fecured by the Fort of St. NicQlas, and the Hills, by a Citadel, and the new Works of St. ychn. Salona, a Roman Colony, and the ordinary Arfenal for their Navies,* well known in Ancient Stories for the Retreat of Dioclt/ian, and ihe Garden of his Retirement, after ..e had renounced the Empire. Tr^u, Tragurium of Strabo and Plin. is fcituated between the firm Land, and a little Ifland Bua joined to the Land by a Stone-bridge, and to the Ifland by a Wooden Bridge; it is, about 18 or 20 miles Weft from Sfalato. Leffifia is the Ifle which Ftol. calls Fharia, Strabo Pharas, very high. Rocky and Mountainous, reckoned about 100 miles in compafs; ac the South-end is a good Haven, where is the Town, having a Citadel on the top of a fteep Rock. The place is noted for theFifiiing-Trade of Sadelity vvhicii are like -.47;fW/f^; 100 miles from Zara^ 30 miles South from Spalato^ and 50 miles North from LiJJe. Almijfa, the Peguntium of Ptolomy, or Pigantia\ feated on a high Rock, and defended with a ftrong Caftle, now belonging to^ the 7«rA/, tcfie B'!ud. Ca(ile Novo,a. ftrong Fortrefs within the Gulph of Cat arc, taken by the Vemtian^ underthe Conduct of General Cenaro, 1687. Cataro, Jfcr'tv'ium Vim. Alcri'Vicn Vtol. a Strong-hold alfo or the Venetians SigsKn^ the Turks. But Mr. IVheekr faith, 'tis the firft Town belonging to the Turks. Budua, the Butua of Ptol. is thelaft place of the Venetian: on the D.d- matian Shores. Places more belonging to the Turks, are Narctjza, Dul- rt?«Cj or Ulcimum of old, a City of indiiierenc good Trade, wliere ihe Iravks have a Conful j containing about 7 or 8oqo Inhabitants. Satdari. T il -i^- fiPlii !.iiai«ji» 1 . a^4 Of Ri^ufa. i Scudariy the 5coealth of Raguia. : THIS is a fmall Commonwealth, whofe Town and Territories are in Dalmatia , upon the Gulph of Fenice , and which pays annually to the Turk ^ooo /.** aj; Dalmatian ttiorps. Butua o£ Plin. Bnthot Stepb. A,^l,'^-/'l''''^-y\^'^-]^'y^-^:i''-'--- ! 4. The Gulphof LoJrin was anciently the Gulph of Anoloniay wfiert li:j|j 1 , Ctefar nirrowly efcaped with his Life and Fleet., *Tis a tlangerous paf- - - • ' iage, about i yo miles over. I Curx,ola by StraboyCorcyra Nigra , once belonging to the Republiqua ' . ,< J/'^ • of ii<»j»^«/«,but taken from them by theP^i'wfww^ by a cunning Exchange, v,' ' The Town is of the fame Wame, and feated upon a Peninmla, is a Bi- ihop's Seat, and Walled ; beddes which there is about five Villages. Along the Coaft of Dalmatia lies a great clufter oflfladds, Z)«/>rdMfci ; cba Tunis y Liburmdes Infula by Strab. the Names of the chief y oil witt find in the Maps, moft of them belonging to the Venetians^ which are j Ciid to contain 40000 Inhabitants. >f A\ J «' V ; 'i. •«■ c •^■.>^ — s * . . ■C .J- M m SERHA, or ^Ztrvia, as (ofne c.iil it, contains part of Maijia Superior, and partofD^/»V(j// bravely refifting the Power of Amurab the Second, and Mahomet the Great, repulfed by the Valour of Hmmiafles ; at which time Mahomet himfelf was wounded in the Breaft, loft his Ordnance, and 200 of his Ships, deftroyed by a Fleet which came from Ruda j but taken by So- lyman ijio. Seated ihe is upon the confluence of the Darube and the Savtis, having the great Rivers Tihtfcus, the Dravu:, and Morava run- ning into the Danube not far from it; as brave a fcituation for Trade, as any Inland place in Europe. It is now adorned wich two large Bez.e' fieemsy or places where the Richeil Commodities are Sold ; with a No- ble Caravatifara and Mofchea, with a Mettrefcck or College fcr btudents. Zenderin^Singdunum Ant, Semendera Lat. Siwedto Grac. taken by A- murab the Second, 1438. Scopia. Scupi Ptol. by the Tu>kj caWedUfchopia^ aGity of greatTrade, Seated in the remoteft part of Servia, or Mcs^n SHptrior, or rather on the Confines of Macedonia. It is afair and large Town, having a great Number bf Mofcbeas j once a Bishop's, after sn Archbiftiop's See^ now noted for a great many Tanners^ that make excellent Leather. '^:'. Great Amusy of which the M, ChJJura, one of the Spurs or Excurfions, Ihines like ♦ Silver, confifting i Muicovia Gh^ . . , Urania is a fti'ong Pdfsj which the Caftle commandeth, and locks up the palT.ge into Macedonu, The chief Rivers of Servia are, i. Morava, Mo^chim of old ; is divi- ded into two Streams, the one named Moravi di Bulgaria, the other Moravi di Servia, which uniting, run into the Danube at Ze?iderin ; fo that by this River the Commodities of Servia and Bulgaria arc carried into the Dmube, and fo difpcrfed in Hinigaria, Aufhia, 8ic. Not far from which was that great Slaughter of the Turks by Humiades, who with loooo Horfe fet upon the Turkfli Camp by Moon-light, flew ; jooojand took 4000 Prifoners. And 2. Remarkable Lypmfzi.^, which Dr. Browfi faith,that in lefs than twelve hours they pafl>dit ^0 times> M m 2 Of ? the Mountain Hismn'* ■""lii^lJIWiiiiiiiai «|«*M« i" ' i i n i I I inw ,' '^f;l\ A:-- tjo Of Greece* Confined aeBrft to j4ttieaf and the parts adjoining, only then cal- led Helles, from King Helien, the Son of Deucalion; the Inhabitants Heleties in ^cred Writ : and Greedy from King Gr . ' ..^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /'•> / ^ 1.0 I.I IM 1.8 1.25 1.4 II 1 h = Hi ^ 6" ► vv# 7 Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAi^* (,' The Seritglh is a vaft place, inclofed and divided from the reft of the ^ City with a Wall three miles in compafej wherein are ftately Groves of Cyprcfles, intermixed with delightml Gardens, Artificial Fountains, and all varieties of Pleafurcs which Luxury can effect, or Treafure pro- cure. The principal Beauty of the City is the Scituation Of it on the Mountains ; Crowned with Magnificent Molques with gilded Spires, refle^ing the Sun-beams with a marvellous fplendor. Other Cities of this Provinc^'are AnJriampplift or HadrUmpolts Ptol. formerly Orefi-a Lampridio. Ujcudavay feu Ufcudama Ammiano, Andemop(h U , & Tunis Endren, tefle Busb. a fair large and Well-compofed City, ' with fair and ftately Mofques, efpeclally one built by Sultan Solyman the Second, a very Magnificent Structure. Galltpoli, formerly Callipolis , feated near the HeJiefpont within the Sea of Marmora, the firft City that ever the Turks poiTefted in Europe, ' furprized by Solyman, Anno i ? f 8. Below Gallipoli is the ftraiteft paffage of the Heliefpont, formerly fa- vtnous for Xerxes's Bridge, but efpecially for the two Caftles, 5e#o/ and Abidosy noted for the Story of Hero and Leander, now called the Dar* dantUes, orOldCaftles, the new Caftles being at the mouth.ofthe HeUefpontf and are the Bulwark of Confiantmople, as the Caftles on the Thracian Bofpborus are on the other fide. Galata or Pera,\s oppofite to ""P*ip*" mmm wmff "«»pi ir4 Of Greecf. h N. E. are the Falls of Vifcaria, the Fifli they pickle , the Roes they fait and dry in the Sun, and fo make Botago, Other places are Jlhampolij 40 miles from Duraz.z.o, and 3 f from \Aliffio in Dalmatia, Eladafagni the Daulia of P/ph,Tarcho3 or Taffo Nardo. Sacred to the Mufes. 3. Amfbipolis Herod, Thucyd. &crNeafoUs Ant, Ckrijlofoli Sofb, Em- holt Turcis, s. CavaJla, Oefima Thucyd. & Ttol. the Cahjla Ttol, Cavyla Cedreno tefis Leonol (^ Bucepbala tefie Brietio. y. ConteJJ'ay which gi^es its name to the Gulf, Golfo di Contefa Ca- fialdo. Golfo di Monte Santo, Soph, i\\Q Stryntonicus Sinus of Ttol. 6. Tbejfalonicay now Salonicbi Soph, to whofe Inhabitants St. Taul writ his Epiftles ; very populous' of Chriftians, Turks and Jews, and of great Commerce, feated at the bottom of the Gulph Salonicbi. The Sinus Thermam, or rather Thermaicus of Strah, & Ttol. diftant from Conflantinople about 320 miles, and from Duraz,z^ !^:>out 2 go miles. 7. Siderocapfa the Cbryfites of Liv. tefie BeSo, & Scydra Ttol. famous for its Mines of Gold and Silver, fo advantageous to the Turk, as the report exceeds belief. 8. Mount Atbos of Liv. & Strah, Acroathon, or Acrotbon Tlin. & Mela. Acrffthoon Herod. Atbos %lcron. a Gracis dyiSv og^f, now Cima di Monte San6lo. San^. Laure, & Agios Laura, Monafiir h Turcis & Seidi- dag tefie Leun^. Inhabited from the beginning of Chriftianity with Hermits, afterwards with Monks according to the Order of St. Bafil, It (lands in a Peninfula very fruitful, being 160 miles ^bout, where they have 20 Monafleries, and about 600 Kaloiis, They pay looo Dollars a month, and have fafe protedion. The Town Kareis is in the middle of the Mount, where there is Turkijh Aga, and a Marker. Their Churches and Furniture are excceeding rich, and all are daily employed according 10 their feveral degrees and qualifications. Tor one of Plin. & Mel. a Tor one f Ha Neptuni tefie Steph.Lango Sopb. Ca- file RampOy Nardo & Pine to. Rainero vel Reiner Ntgro. Agiomana, or Aio-^ r»ana Cajleldo j from hence Toronaicus Sinus, now Golfo di Agiomcna, or Atomana €afi, Golfo di Ramfo vel Ram fa Nardo. Towns -JiSu. mmmmmummm^mmmm or OfQrm^, m 9 Towns in Macedonia properly fo called^ and in Comemlitariy are, * I. Veia of Strab. Vlin. Ptol. &C. Jenix^a, or Janizza Soph, Zucbria Nip-o, the Birth-place of Alexander, /*■>/.:; C^ 2. Vitdna of Ptol. Steph. &c. Cbitro Soph, taken by Cajfandefj the So» of Antipater, who murthere^ Oljmpias the Mother, Roxana the Wife, and Hercules the Heir apparent to Alexander the Great. 5. Berrha, or Berraa pfPlin Strab, Ptol. &c. Flrw 5o;'j&. JBaw Twrrw r«/tf Lirww^. where St. P* Xerolibado aliis, 7. Sro^i of ?//». Liv. & Ptol. in Pelagonia regione, Starachino Nardo* 8. Antigonia in Migdonia reg. Coiogna Pineto^ aliis Antigoca. Of fhefjalia. in J- =^'^''11" TH E Province of Tbejfaly was called ammonia & Fyrriraa ; by Strabo. Efiiaotis^ by P//». Drjofisy by DW, -<^r|^w Pelafgicum, by Homer. Comtnolitari Cafi. Tl)umeneftrra Gett^ao, Lamina Lazio. Btlt the greateft part is now called lanna tefe Brietio. It is a Country no lefs fruitful than pleafant, famods for the Hill Olympas, rifible ac a great diftance, confiftingnotof one rifingPeak, but extending a great way in length from Eaft to Weft, remarkable for the Exploits of Paulus fL/Emiluf, of Appiutf Claudius , and of the Conful Martim^ of which, fee Sir Walter Raviletgh^ lib. i. Cap. 7. For the Mountainsof Pelion and OJJ'a, For the Hill Othrys, the Hill Oeta, where Hercules is faid to have burned himfelf with a poifoncd Shirt. For the pleafant Valley of Tempe, called the Garden of tlie Mufes. For the Pharfalian Fields, where the Empire of the Roman Univerfe was difputcd in two great Battels ; the one between Cafar and Pcmpey, the other between Brutus and Cajfms'on the one fide, and Anthony and Augujlus' on the other. Here lived thz Mirmarlons, over whom ^c;6ii7fj was Captain at the War oiTroy. The chief places are, Li«rij^, Larizzo Soph.Tt:7wee Sbeir, Tur- risj an A rchbiflioprick, inhabited by Cbrifiians, Turks and Jews ; plea- lancly feated upon a riling ground,. on the upper part whereof ftands the Palace of the Grand Signior, refuted alfo for the Tow'n where Acbd- m was born. 2. Ternovo, a large and pleafanf City, about t^n miles Weft'.vardsof /.i^ri//^^, where moll of the Inhabitants are Chriftians, there being i3 Churches, and but three Mofques. 3. Dimitria^la^ De- N n 2 metrus %7^ Of GrieU. V: \ metrias of pld ; by Tlin. the' fame with ?e^afay oF great ftrength by Art and Nature. 4. Pegafay now rolo, in which the Ship called yirgo was faid to be built. Armiro, Argot Velafgicum al. LariJJ'af the Seat of a Turktjh Sangiac. Dcmichiy the Lamia of Tolyb. Cic. Ptol. &C. HomiU Ptol, Homolium Vlift, Qmole Straboy Homolus Stepb. HomoUum Liv. a City and M. in Thejfalj/y vide Virgil, lib. 7. z/£neidosj now Lamina tefte MoL Lartly, jrf»»;», which gives name, to the Country, an Archbiflioprick, that hath under it four BifKopricks, Argiro'CaJiro, Delvinoy Butrinto^ and Glykaon* Dolicbe Ptol. is the TecbaTa of Mere* & Briet. Alcbria, Fiflano. Trita, or Tricca, once the Biihoprick of Hdiodorus, the Author of the Etbiopick Hiftory. ':'/'/>. ■ - \' >:: •^ ' > : (?f E P I R U & - &" TH E Province of Epirm, now Canina, rather Chimera & L. Arta tef^e Baud, is mountainous and barren, languifhing under the Turk'tfi) Tyranny. Divided by fome into Cbaonia Ttefprotia, Acarnania ^t/£t(flia. But by Brietiminio Cbaonia^ Thefportia.CaJfiopaay Acarnania^ Ampbilocbia, Atbamania, Dolopia and Molojfiaj once a Country very po- pulous, until PW«/ e/£w///«f ^eftroycd 70 of their Cities in one day. Places of moft note weteDodona, memorable for the Temple and Oracle of Jttpiter, fcituate in a fair Grove of Vocal Oaks. Ambracia Caf. Cic. & Strab. Ampracia Herod, now VArta^ the Regal Seat of King Pyrrj&»j, accounted by Hannibal, next to Alexander, the fecond great Soldier of the World. Allium near Cape tigula, nigh unto which Augufius and Anthony fought for the Empire of the World. Nicopolis, now Vrevefa, built by Augufius , yielded to the Venetiam 1684. where were 200 Turkt, who* were conduced near to Arta^ 44 Pieces of Cannon, 18 of Braft, and 1200 Inhabitants which re- mained, whereb;,' the Turks have loft 1 00000 Crowns yearly by the FiHiery. And after the taking of SanEia Maura by General Morofini, he caufed his Troops to make a defcent at Dagomeftro, who advanced fo miles Into the Country, and ruined the whole Province ofAcarna- ma, and burnt two great Towns, called Uragoji, and Zapandi, and feveral Villages. Cajfiope, now Joanna, or "^annina, faid to be the Metropolis of the Country, which I fuppofe to be the fame with Janna in Tbejjalp Hecatom^doti, in the Wars oi Cyprus called Stipoto, now Chimera^ lorone. LA wmm mm i: Of Greece. 277 Toromf now Ferga, Buthrotuf, now ButrintOy belonging to the Vtifii' fians, Ana^oflaj I'lin.Scc. now yoniz,z.a te/te Soph, FoMzz.it Leunc. ^ In this Province is Mount PinJus, facred to ApoOo, and the Acnce,- raunian Mountains, the Rivers Acheron and Cocj/fus, faid to be the Ri- vers of Hell ; and here was Oljrnftas the Mother of Alexander born. Of A C H A I /^. THE Province of /^Ci6 A Country famous in the Authors of the ancient times, for the Gallantry of»its Men, and for the Statelinefs of its Strudures. Places of moft note in Attica were, i. Athens, k^vh, or At him, vul- garly called Setines, in Lat. ;'8 degr. y min. A City heretofore a- dorned with all thofe Excellencies of ftrength and beauty which Arc or Coft could add untoit ;a large rich and ftately City, the Nurfery of Learning, and the Source of all Arts and Sciences; once called the famous Athens, the City of Thefeus, built by Xecrops, and ruled by Kings yfo years, then by Archontes for 600 years; then by the thirty Tyrants, till expelled hy Tbrafibulus, and by the help of EpaminonJas it obtained the Sovereignty of Greece, and many Ifles of the Egaan Sea for 70 years ; till it fubmitted to Philip of Macedon, and Alexander the_Great. Afterwards was much deftroyed by Sylly\ but reftored by Adrian the Emperor, and afterwards received various Fates, till it was enflaved by Mahomet xhe Second ^4^. now taken from them by the brave Mortjini, 1687. The Inhabitants are now, according toEfq; Wheelers Defcription, 167^. about 10000, three parts Chrittians, the reft 7«r;?:/, who per- mit no Jews to live among them. 'Tis an Archiepifcopal See, and has the Bifhops of Salona, Libadla, Granitz,:/, and Thalanta under it. It affords a vaft number of Antiquities, viZ.. the Temple of VtHory, by the Turks made a Magazine for Powder : The Arfenal of Lycur^s : Minerva*s, 01 Vr; /St mow's Temple, DeMcflencs Liimhorn^ ths Oclogott Tower of the Winds, Thefeus^ Temple, Adrians Pillar, the founda- tion of the Areopagus, the Theatre of Ba^us, the Temple of Jupiter Olpnpius. Laftly, the Acropolis or Caflle on tlie South of the Ciry, up- on a hard Rock , and inacceffible on ail lldes , fave the W. S. W. from this Cittadel is the Hill Mi/cstm, and the Mount Anchrfmus, now St. Gcorgio^ , Of Greece. mm i? 8 St. Gcorgio. And S. E. from Athens is Mount Hymetw, now Ttlevouni & Lambrarouniy whore is plenty of Bees and Honey. All provifions of Fleih, Fifli, Fowl, Corn, Wine md Oyl, are cheap here. Their Merchandizes are Oyl, Turky-Leathcr, Raw Silks , Pcrnocochi, Cake, Soap, Honey, Wax, &c. ' ^^ - ":■/ ''-'-^ -"'< '^ The Town hath eight Vlatoma's or Pari (lie?, and about yo Parifli- Churches, lyo Chappels, and feveral Convents. Its two.chief Ports are Vortus Tyrausj now called ?Qno Liove by the Fravks, Turcis^ Dracona ; more Sou[h, Port Municbia, now HagiOy & Vkalaras Fortui, now Port Nicolo. Other Places in Attica arc, i. Marathon^ famous for the Marat honian Bull (lain by Thefeus^ and for thedefeatof the Numerous Army of £><7- rhts by Miltiades\ now a ruined Village. 2. Eliujis or £/«/;« C/r. c^ 5rriemejis. 7. i^alene, now Angelopico, where the Athenians have their Country- Koufes. 8 Fsntditus Mons, now Vendtli, where is a Monaftry of 100 Cakires on a Mountain of curious Marble, in which areGrotca's incrufted with curious Congelations. . - 9. Frcmcntonuw Siaimw, now Cape Cokmii^ from the white Pillars of Minava'^ Temple >et Handing j and the Town Siwiumj oneof the ^i\Koi, or BurgtCs-Towns of the Athinians, Places in BoLutia are, i. Thibes, I'lva Soph. Stives & Slibes Baud. VA- ther J/;."!;.?, IVlncUry inLat. 58. degr. 22. min. Built by Cadmus,tefielj9' Mre,nnd fabled to be walled with Ampbicns Harp. Famous in old tiaie tor tJis Wars of Ercccks and VoUcinesj Sons oiO<:dipus, Here lived Ptfo- pd,is f V- OfGreeee, pUas and E^<<»« c^ Cephi/is, about forty miles in compafs. The Streams and Torrents that fall into it would drown all Baotia, but for the Subterraneous Channels, the Wonders of Art and Nature, that fuck in the water, and convey it into the ir 1408. nperour an 47 1. Siege J c by Sea it from imo Mo- Wheat, Iwxt the )o taken deemed, ;ients Si' 00 miles ante, not ew- mochiy l-Vheeler. ■< 4. Anticyrrba Vtol. Anticyra Pauf, famous of old for its Helebore, now in Ruins near to the Afpropiti Sinus. ^. Tpbia, the Navil of the World, remarkable for the Aflembly of the Ampbi^tiones that condemned the Pbocians for Sacriledge. 0^ Chief Places in Megaris are Megara^ feated in a Valley towards the Gulph of Engia, once comprehending two Rocks, now but one, ha- ving three or four Cottages oi Greeks, muchinfefted with Pyratesj fa- mous once for the Megarica of Euclidy and for the Fable of King NyJJas Purple Hair. 2, Towards the Harbour Minoa is the rujned Fortrefs Nicaa, and the Dodeca Ecclefia ; Weft are the Scirenides Rupesy now Kakifcalia, or Bad Bay ; and the ancient Cromium, the Bounds between Attica and Peloponnejus. Peloponnefusy now Moreay isthemoft Famous Peninfula in the World j Bounded with the Sea only, where it joineth to.Greecehy AnMmusot fix miles in breadth; very Memorable for the Fruitlefs Defign^isC di- vers Kings and Emperors to cut it through, and to make a perfect Ifland of it ; and for the I/^bmian Games inftituted by Tbefeus ; and for the Wall ofHexameli built by the Emperor Emanuel 141;. demoli- flied by Amurab the Second 1424 ; 1465. rebuilt by the Kefiettans in I J days, with 136 Towers. A Country it was once abounding with all things, as well for the Delicacy and Contentment, as Neceflary for the Life of man ; and for the bignefsof it, none in the World hath fi^flfered in the Ruin offo O o mapy fiyen:^.-.-'*; ■ I ) : ttt . \ 0/Gmth '. ^ many brate and ftately Cities, yet the beft Inhabited of *11 Gr#<(f^be- ing well Seated with Ports and Havens on all fides of it. • ' ■ This plcafani part of G^mhas not always had thenameof A/«'^#^ as 'tis now called ; Straho faith that it was once called yirgo or jir^of^ from a famous City of that name within its Confines; And9y£iMUa from t^^inlusi a famous King of the Syeonians. Apollo Jerus and Plifty call it ylpif , from .Apis the third King of the Argives , Son of ty£gialiis, and alfo yeUfgia. Afterwards it had the Name of PeU- fouveftts^ from tehfs th? Son of Tantalus King of Phrygias^tld T^^geta, now Merea. As to its Bignefsj Authors difagree, ^o^/orr allows it 36^ miles in Circuit. Bour/ion J63. Vorchaccbi ^73. Bleau^ Sacrtfio, and Viwcli^ make it 600. Ba.¥drand ffo. ^trtiho makef the length 1400 Stadia, Sagrtdo makes it a 170 miles from the Ifibmus to Modon. Baudrand make& it 1 50 from Cmntb to Tenarium from, and from C. ScbiMt to C. Tornejeij^. It was by Vtflomy ^nd others divided into eight parts, M^iia Propria, Arcadia, Argia, Corintbia, Elis, Luconia, Mtjfenia and Sicyonia* Tomfonir Mt Afek divided ii mto but fix of thofe parts ; he left out Qtrimbia and Stcjfoniai. ^ \ , Morry and A<}«^r^W make four Divifions, viz. Ducatus Clarefitia, the Dutchy of Clarence, Of Cbiarenza, which comprehends Acbaia Propria, Sicyma and Corintbia. 9. Behedera, which contains Elis and MeJ/iniOk 3. Saccania , or the leiTer Romania, containing the ancient Argia oc ^gQU 4, Tracmia., comprehending Laconic and Arcadia, Places mod Famous are, i. Patras, an Arch-Bifhoprick, known ca the Rom(ins by the Name of /^w^w/^, Aroo Patrenfis, called alfo Ntiipa- tria by the 7iwr>^j ; now Badra and Balabutra, tefte Lctme. Memorable for the Death of St. Andrew the Apoftle ; and now a Town of good Trade in Raw Silks, Leather, Honey, Wax,Wool, Cheefe, and Cur- rans. Situate near the Strait which openeth into the Bay of Corinthy now Lepanto, a Strait Fortified on both fides with two Caftles by Bo* ja^eti tofegure the Entrance of the Bay; taken by Andrew Daria i J71, Recover-edby S'o/jfw^jw the Magnificent July 1687. abandoned by the Turks, andpoffeffed by the A'^we/i^w/. Cbiarenza the Cyllere ofPlin. Ptol. & Thucy tefie Soph,r Antravidn Nig^ But Br lit as will have Dyine,olim Stratcs & Cauconia, to be Clarenz.a, oncQ the Capital City of that Dutchy, now fome flight Traces of it arc all ihat is vifible. Six miles from the Cape Tornefe, Cbelonates Prom StraK is the Caftle or Fortrefs of Tormzej now by the Turks Bkmouzzi, tefie Wk^el* ClemcmtH, QorQnelli*- Tylas OfOntih ti) Tylas fylaK^Strak Thneyd. &c. AbaritiM Prol Nelea, ffofftfrdf JeJfeVattf. & Coryphafinm refit €tefh. Navarino Sopb. Zonicbia L(U*>H. now ^.uncbw^ or Navaririf lo miles diOant from Coron ; is famous for Its Port, where 2000 Vcflels may ride at Anchor ; about five miles long, and three broad, having an Ifland lying before it ; on the right hand it is guai dcd with a (trong Caftle called New Naverin ; on the other hand Aands old Navsrin, formerly called Pylus. Modotty lo miles from Ctfrcw, by the Turks Matuntyby VUn. Metbcne; its Situation by Nature and Art makes ic ftrong,having a fafe and com- modious H.iven, taken firft by the Venetians in the year 1 124. In the year 1498. it was taken by Bajazet with a great Slaughter. And in the year 1685'. retaken by the Venetians, Cortm, once Tedufus Nifi, Lauremb. Epea, Vauf. hath a ftrong and ad- vantagious Situation on the r»c;ht fide of Cape Galioy the Acntui Prom, of the Ancients taken by Bajaz^et 1498. Taken again by General Dona ic;;.butfoonagain returned to the Tirr^i/fc yoke. Bur '" the year i68f. after the defeat of the 7«r^//fc Camp, and a vigorous rc'^Oance, it was taken by afTault, with a dreadful (laughter of all the Inhabitants, by theVenetiansyWho found 128 Pieces of Cannon,ofw». ich 6 ' were Brafs. Calamata the Ah^ea Ptel.Tburia & Epea Strab. te/te Sopb. ("buc j^baais Cbiorisy Mol. And the Tburium of Ptol, & Tbyrea Plin, is now Cume^ra^ tefie Mol) The ThaUme o{ Strab, & Pauf. Tberamne Plin, Tberapne Solino & MeUy te/fe Gemiftro. But Niger will have TbaUmt to be Bajilopotamo, or Vafilipotamo ; and Mol. will have it BArboliza, It is feated at the bot> torn of the Bay ofCorony about a mile from the Sea, on the Bank of the River Pamifus of Strabo, Stromio Niger, defended with a ftrong Cadic, with Regular Fortifications, taken by the Venetians i68f. Nigh to which is the Lake Lernay where Hercules flew the Monfter Hydra ^ as alfo Mount r(f»«ir«j, where was the Cave (called thedefcent of Hell) out of which he drew the Dog Cerberus j and Namea was the place . where he flew the dreadful Lion. As was alfo Zarvara a Fortrefs much favoured by Nature, but much more by Art, which was delivered up to General Morojini in fight of the Captain BaiTa with a numerous and powerful Army, who dared not to attempt its fuccour. Cbielefay is a Fortrefs of great importance for its advantages of Na- ture and Art, feated upon a Ibep Rock, a mile and half from the Sea ; of a Qmdrangular FigurCj Flanked with five great Towers, not far from the place where once Vttulo ftood. It furrendred to the Venetian s 1686. PaJJovah a Fortification feated in the Province of A/uj/«<;, oppofite to Cbiele fa, And Port />'/;«/^ Venetians a|6 llgW Mafters of all that Countrey. ' „. ,-■*■:', Argos, of this Nameare three Cities in Greece^ viz. i. Argos Amphilo^' cbium in Epirutf now An[ilocba. 2. 4^gos ?elajgicum in TbeJJ'iliay nOw Armiro. 3. -/^j^"^/ Pelopcnue/facuntj once tboroma, Jaffiay Hypoboky DipoPn', or Dipjion. Seated on the River Inacbus , now Plan:z,z,t Soph, not fat from the Ruins of the Ancient Mjeenia ; Founded by btacbus in the year of the World 2197. and continued for ^46 years under Kings, then a Commonwealth, now only retains the Name of its paffed Giory, though feated in a delightful Plain, about 24 miles from the Sea, a- bounding with Wine and Oyl, and ;^1 forts c7 Grain, and defended with a Caftle feated on a Hiil. Here King Pynbus waskilled with a Tile from the hands of an old Woman. Trapoltz.z^, Megalopolis Polyb. Strab. &Chri(lianopolis diBatejfe Baud', Leondari, or Leontari Sopb. by the Turks called Mora Orta, the Center . of the Morea^ the chief place in the once famous Arcadia, the Birth- place oiPoljbiM the Hiftorian. Corintbf the Corinthus of Strab. and Toljb. Epbjiro Lauremh. by t\\Q Inhabitants Coranto, and by the Turks Gerame. In the Lat. of ; 8, degr. 14. m. had its foundation from Aletes, who Wvtd intlie time ofCe- erops 3066. So advantageoufly feated in the mid ft of t\\z Iflhwus, that foms have called it the Eye of Greece^ others the BjI wark of the. TeloponnefuSf and the fplender of Gnece, This City formerly fo rich and Magnificent, i:> now nothing more than a wretched Remnant of Wars and of Time, and hath prcferved nothing more of its priljline. Grandeur than its own Ruins. The famous Fortrefs of the Acrocorintbusy the Guard of Corintby muft not be paiTed by without a particular Remembrance. Bui|t upon the point of a, high Rock, and ftrengthened with a itout Wall very ftrong both by Art and Nature; yet after the taking of LepantOy the Serafquier being terrified by the Venetian Forces, had fet fire to it, and left it ; where the Veneitans found 47 Brafs and 4 Iron Guns 1687. , . Thus have I as briefly as poffible given an Account of the Chief Ci- ties now extant in the Morea, the Stage and Theater of Ai5tion in , the late Wars. The chief Mountains in thjis Peninfua are the Foloej or Vhole Moun- . tain, near which was feated the City oiolympia, famed by the Poets for the Country of the Centaurs fliin by Hsrcnks, after his being Vi- ctorious ' 4 ' ■^ « iB Of (irmi. X^l:-. '», r <5torious over the Nem^m Lion, the Leman Hydr^^ and ^ Erjimax^j than Boar:'^-'^ '■'' ^^^T-m^.-r^ v^ift^,cc;il^a7:v'3'dff l>irii?.ri:j^; •• -^at-p Cylem Mons, at the top whereof are yet to be feen the Remains of the Temple of Mercury, Lycaui MonSf memorable for the Sacrifice of the Tyrant Arifiarchus, made to the publick Rage of the Lacedemonians. Menalus MonSi for its (hady* Grover and refreihing Air, Dedicated to Fan. ""^ V^' "" ^'^ 'n-^\.. ,^'^m:i'iii;t\ 'U..'? -. »,u\5d-' .o Mws Sepia, for the Death of Efites, (>ung by a Serpent. -4 'u^ ^ Monies Poylizi, for Dianas Temple, called alto StympbaliJes. f MomMtntiay or Mitena, which gives a ProlpeA to tb^ Gulph of C#- ron, where the proud Fanes of Pluto and Projerpina once ftood , at the foot of Mount Nonaeres, at the foot whereof roul the fatal waves of Styx. Laftly, the Tageta, Sacred (o Bacchus^ Ceres, JpoHo, -and Diana, ^ ^ -^ , r. :;••£ j •, n , * ;:■■• 1 Chief Rivers are, Alpheus Ptol. SccCarhon, or Darhon s vulgo, Orpka, Soph, much famed by the Poets, who te)l us alfo of its Subterraneous paiTage to its beloved Fountain Arethufa in Sicily, Eurotasy now Vajjalipot antes. Iris Niger, Homerus Pint, it runs by Mt_fi:^ tra, and falls into theGulph of Celcbma; in Summer very dry and Ihallow, but in Winter fometimes overflowing its bounds, ir^.^^uifli,: Inachus, now Planmzza, once Craniavor, then HaliacmoVy called Inacbus from the Son of Oceanus and Thetu, whofe Itory is well known. 1 muft not forget the River Pamyfus, Strab, PUn. & Amatbus^ Panyjus Ptel. Stromio, Niger, Tifeo , GioviOy which falls into the tjulph 'ofCcron, ••- -, ■■ - ;• uaifev\?»,ii,, ■ •; All Europe affords not a place comparable to this pleafantPcninfula. Its fruitful Plains flourilh with plenty, adorned with the charms of v&riety. Its high Hills, though thought unpleafant obje(5is for their cragginefs, yet endowed with excellent Plants, and delicious Fruits ; and Its Climate is foft, ferene and temperate. Here we may have the Melancholy view of the Imperial Seats of the Corintbianst Lacedi" monians, Syconians, Myctnians, Elians, Arcadians, Py leans, and MeJJ'emans, now lying buried in their own Ruins. U' s Vf ■p^ii mm O/ 0/ Grieer. ••«/•. f',n :;v?v .r-^- i ■ t: Of the Iflands in the iEgean, Cretan, and Ionian Sear. , . . -.J ^• -i>:r; "'O,: ;i :^-\:j\ U. THE Iflands that are adjacent to Gnuey are^ i. Such as are in the; JrcbipelagOy or the e/f^Mii Sea, which are about 4;, and of late years have had 14^000 Inhabitants that paid the Heracb or Follmoney to the Turks ; few or no Turks live in them, becaufe of the Corfaires: Being Cbrifiians they are fubje<9: to the Metropolitan of Scio, and are §overned by their own ^rcbontes, and admire their own poor FreC' om. 2. The Ifles of the Cretan Sea, that are the Bar of the Arches,^ 9. The Iflands of the Jmian Sea, now all under the Venetian, Of the iEgean Jjlet. TH E chief of thefe Iflands are, 1. Negroprnt, by the Greeks called Egriposy but formerly Macrisy AhaKtis,An6 Eubaa-^ it lyes Eaft of Achaia, from which it is faid to be once feparated by an Earthquake, which made the narrow Strait called Euripus, whofe ebbing and flow- ing is not only feven times a day, but fometimes 11,12, 13, 14 times in the fpace of 4 or ^ hours- This Ifland is Queen of the e/£^«tf» Sea, as well for fertility as greatnefs ; about a 100 miles in length, and 2 j in breadtbj and is plentiful in Sheep, Kids and Goats, Fifli, Wine and Fruits, and all other provifions. The chief City is l^e^roponty or Egripoty on a Peninfula near the place where Chalet flood, a place formerly of great wealth and power, and fmce fo well fortified, that it cofl the Turks A. D. 147 !• 40000 men in the taking of it from the Venetians ;:, there S.Erizz,o was murdered ; and his beautiful Daughter Sigtiora Anna rcfufing the fplendid Courtfliip of Mahomet, was hewn in pieces by him. 2. CariftusyViO^ Carijh, hence Columne Carifia. 3. The Promon- tory CapberuSy now Doro, where Nmpltus the Father of PalemeJes (ha^ ving by his falfe fires infeveral parts of the lfland,ruined and deftroy- ed2oo Gr/^fww Ships, and many thoufand men) drowned himfelf, be- caufe UlyJJiis and Diomedes efcaped. The whole Ifland is now under the Turks, 2, Stalaminey once Lemnotj memorable for the fabulous fall of f'^ulcan, and for the Entertainment of Jafon and the Arjrovr.uts by Ilypfv^yle, Daughter to King Thoasy Son of Bacchus and Ari-ulne ; now noted for a - Sove- ■A?S Of Gruce. P'X Sovereign Mineral Earth againft Infe(aions,Poyfon,ancl cures Wounds, ■&c. it is gathered Augu^ Cxb. by the Greek Monks with much Ceremo- fiy, and many Religious Preparations, arid made into fmall Pellets feal- ed with the Turks Seal, and called Terra SigiSatay and fo difperfed to the Merchants. ;. Scirosy the lurking place o^AchiUesy as Oritlius con- ceives ; others think it to be one of CycUdeSf more Southerly. ^.Jbajfms, now Tajfo, 'tis 40 or f o miles in compafs, fruitful in Wine, &c, and Woody. On the North it has a Town fitu ate upon a good Harbour, y. Samdthrace^ efua/i Samos Tbracia, formerly Dardama and Leaco/ta ^ it has plenty of Honey and wild Deer, and commodious Harbours, now much infeftcd by Pyrates. 6. Imbrus^ now Umbro, ten miles from ■Samotbrace, and about ;o miles in compafs, *t!s Mountainous toward the Eaff, and has a well- watered Plain tothe Weft. 7. Ahnefus, now jl.ar,:o. 8. Scopelms, now SiU^elo. 9. Sciat&us, now Siatfa, of which little memorable. ;. The Gulph o^Sarov, now E^/«<«,haththefeIQands. i. Epna, now Engiay the Country of «/£<7<-«i,who was fabled to be Judg of Hell,with R,idamavthu!And Minos It is 18 miles in compafs, and has the Town tyEgina, that confifhof 800 Dwelling-houfes, and from the Caftle is a finr^rofpecft ; here the Greeks and Latins have each a Church. Here is plenty of Corn, Cocten, Honey, Wax, Almond,and Carobs, and Red- legged Patridge?. Betwixt the Iflands Afgefiri, Metopi, D(uronifa, Moni^ and it felf, is a Harbour where Ships may ride. 2. Cophinidia isS. W. And fo is, 5. Calabria^ now Porus, i Smiles in compafs, now inhabited by Albamjes ; here Derncjthenes was bani(hed,and poyfonedhimfelf to avoid the Fury of Anttpater. 4. Salamts, now Colouriy yo miles in compafs ; it has three Towers, i Colouri, has now about 400 Per- sons. 2. Metropisy 30 Houfes. 3. Awbalachi^ near this was the ancient City Salami, near which was the Overthrow of Xerxes his Navy, where 200 of his Ships were funk, and moft of the reft taken by the yjtbtmafu, S^c. Here alfo was the Birth-place of vSWow, and the Royal Seat of 7c/;zwc«the Father of /^/ja;. ^. Lypfocalalia, 6. Megala Kira, and Micra Kir.}, two Scoglio'sy one formerly called Kara, on which Xerxes fat in a S:her Tbroie to behold the fight of the NavicF. There are other fmatl Iflands and ScngUo's which I omit for brevity's fake. The Inhabitants of thefe Iflands had a f^ayvo 'e and a CaddJ, but now rhey are left to themftlvts^ and pay fhe Captain haijia'/8^3 DoHais for all Duties. 4 TheC;tA/^/f.f, now thelflands of the/rc.6fjj the chief are, i. D - /('/, foi e ly Ort;gUi, now S. Deli, becAufe it comprehends the Ifland Rbineia Weft. It" is now defoUtc^ though formerly noted for the re- ception inds, emo- feal- edto con- and bour. now from :>ward , now which Of Gmct* 2 t .ira. T. D- ception of Lato»af where llie was delivered otJpoBo and Diatta» Apollo had here a Temple, and the circumjacent Iflands called CyckdisQti' dowed \t, and fent prefents to it. 2. Mycone, or UvmvQ^, 4 miles diOant Eaft,and 30 miles in Circuit.The Inhabitants are all Pyrates,yetChrifti- ans, and have 30 Greek Churches, and a Latin one. The Women are handfome, but not chafte. Here is plenty of Corn and Wine, but little Wood and Water. They are Tributaries to the Turks, j. Terns, now Ttiia, formerly fiydrufa, and Opbiufa, itlyeth high, being a large heap of Marble Rocks, but in many places covered with a fertile Soil. Its chief Town ftandis in the middle of the Ifland on a poimed Rock, on the higheft part whereof is the Caftle, which afFordeth a curious Pro- fpeAover moft part of the Archipelago. Here the Venetian General of the Archipelago refidea. 4. Tberamnia, Poljagos o( old, in moft Maps Fermen~ ta ; it is much frequented by Paraly ticks, Lame, &c. by reafon of its many Baths and hot Springs that are very Diaphoretick. f. Seripbosy by the Greeks Serfo, In moft Maps Serpbanto, it hath a Town and Har* bour on the South-fide, with a Convent of Greek Monks. 6. Paros, or Fario, form erly TaStya and Mima, famous for its good Air, and excel- lent Marble ; it was dedicated to Bacchus, becaufe Wine is here no mora than Twelve-pence a Barrel ; under the Marble Mountain is a Grotta with Figures of aH forts of Woods, Groves, Trees, Pillars, and rare Poetical Fancies, framed by the falling of Water congealed into Mar- ble, which by Candle light is a moft furprizing Workmanftip of Na- tiire. 7. Siphanto, hath ten Villages, famous for excellent fruit, and beautiful Women. Here is a Monaftry in which the Greek Nuns are firft initiated. 8. Argentera, from a Mine of Silver, by the Greeks Ktf^Ks, by Ptolomjf and Straho Kiya\i(, it hath fome Inhabitants. 9. Alilo, 'tis faid to have one of the beft Ports of the World, now a refuge for Cor- fairs* 10. Bello'Pola, or Ifila Brugiala, becaufe burnt and blown up noc many years fince with Subterraneous fires. ij./^fiJros,oncQ Cauros and Amandros. 1 2. Nazos, no\y Necfia, or Nixia, of old In/ula Veneris and Dyonijia, remarkablcfor the goodnefs and plenty of its Wines, and for the excellent Marble 0/)*&/f«. 13. Cbia, or Cbeos, now Zea, with others of lefs note. 5". Tl "parades, from rn^^a, becaufe fcattered in the Sea; the prin- cipal are 12 in number, 1. A[irypalea, now St ampalia. i.Anapbe, now Namfio. 3. Helen J, now Macronifa, where }^aris enjoyed the fair Helena. 4. Sos, where Homer \i£a\d to be buried, f. LaguJ'a. 6. Fhocufa.n, pbje- cajia. 8. Pbilocandros, 9. Scbinufa. 10. Strybia. luThera, the Birth- place of the Poet Callimacbus, 12. Gierra, &C. pp 60 Cytberaf "Tn--^ ■■■-/,■-'■ ft9o Of nrieii, ' 6. Cjtberat now Gerigo, S. of Adorea the Birth-place of Fems and Hlr- /«ff4. It'siU peopled, of a barren and Mountainous Soil ; it has plenty of Sheep, Hares and Fowls, efpecially Turtles, Genus's beloved Birds. On the South it has a Town, and a good Harbour on the Eaft-Point St. Ni^ colo. Here was the Temple of Fenusy out of which Hdena was ftolen. On the South are the Scoglws Ovo and Cerigotto. The reft of the Iflandsof the ty^gean Sea we (hall refer to the defcription of Af a Mi- nor. The Cretan Idands ; x. Candia, formerly Hecatompoltf, MacronnefuSf Uta, Tekbinia and Creta. It is feated in the mouth of the t^gean Sea, at the Entrance of the jichipelago, in fight of j^fia and Africa ; fo ad- vantageoufly fituated, th&t Jrifiotle faid it was the only proper Seat of an Univerfal Empire. It is above 270 miles in length, and about fo in breadth. It hath been famous for the Wars of the 7/f<»»/ againft the Gods; for its excellent Ships and Archers ; for the Bull that raviihed Europa ; for the Amours of Pa/ipbae &nd Ariadne ; for the cruelty of the Minotaur ; for the Government oi Saturn \ for the Habitation and Se- pulchre of Jupiter ; for the Laws of Minos and Rhiidamantbm ; for the Labyrinth of Dadalus ; and many other things the Inhabitants boaft of; but there is no belief of men that were always accounted Lprs,AS Tit. 1. 1 2. outof Epimenides. Anciently it had an 100 Cities, 40 remaining. in the time of Vtolomy, i, Gnojjm, no'W Cimfus. 2. Cydon, now Canea, Mater Orbium, hence Voma Cydonia, now Adam*s Apples, j. Eleutbera, or £7- tbraa. 4. Miletum, named 2 Ttm, 4. 20, with Ail. 27. 7, 8, &c. and 17 . y. Gortynay hence Spicuta Gortyntay their beft Arrows. 6. Di- 21. S:amnum. 7. Ampelus. 8. Minoa^ now A'Uemara. The chief Mountains are, i. ldayi\\Q higheft in the Idand, now called P/iloriti, from the top whereof may be difcerned both Seas. 2. Di^ey now Setbia and Lafibi. 3 . Leuciy a long Chain of Hills called of late di Madara, la Spbacbia, and la Sfacioces. The Rivers are none of them Navigable, but the defed: is fupplied with good Harbours and Bays. The Mttllet Scarus was a great i?;o»»9< ricories, which bear the Name of fo many Principal Cities, vizjCandin, Canea^ Retimo, &nd Sittia. The ^r'lncipaWortrettes iltq Grakates, SiiJa, and Spinalonga, held by the Venetians. CanMa, the Capital City, fo ftrong by Artand Nature^that it was the Bdwark of Chriftendom, and main- tained it felf againft many long and defperate Sieges of the Turks, be- fore it furrendered to them. Other Iflands are, 2. Claude, Adt. 27. 16. now Goz,a. ;. Dia, now Standia, 4. Lefo^, now Chri^ind. 5*. vSgilia, now Cecerigo, Crete had one Archbifhop, and eight Bifliops. Ti&^ Ionian Ijlands. I. rjTAnty anciently Zacynthus, in North Lat. 36. degr. 30. min. X J The Town is ftretched along the fhore, and is very popu- lous, according as the reft of the Ifland, that has yo Towns and Vil- lages, fome Springs ; it is infetted with frequent Earthquakes. The Greek Church is here, as in other places, undsr the Venetiariy much La- tiniz,ed in their Dodrine, though they hate the Church of Row^ The Latins have here a Bifhop, and divers Churches and Convents. The Englijh have a Fa.• 19* Of theEAfiandWefi.Mies. Matthews in Fieri Ja, and fome part of New Mexico. In Southern America^ the GoUen Cafitle^ otherwife called the Continent, where are the Parliaments of Panama^ and of the new Kingdom of Granada, Peru, where are the Paliaments of Quito, Lima and de la Plata. Cbtli and Paraguay, which comprehends the Country oiTucuman, and de la Plata, The Iflands alfo of Solomon in the South Sea. 3. All along the Coaft of -/4fr/VgliPi have extraordinarily augmented their Territories inr America. They Trade to, and polTefs all the Northweft p^rt of Jmencn^ New-Tor k J New-Jerfeyj Venfilvaniay Mary-Landy Virginia^ Carolina, Ncw- England, moft part of the Ifle of New-found- Land , all Bermudas, Long- IJland, Manbatten, now New-Tork, &C Of the Lucaya Ifles, as New. Providence, &c. Among the Southward Ifles, Barbadoes, Barbouda, An' guilla, part of St. Chrifiofhers, Montferrat, Mevu, Antigo, Dominico, and part of St. Vtncent, St. Katherine's l(le, called the Ifland of Providence^ Jamaica, and Trinity IJle. The Holy point. They had fome Colonies ir> Surenam, Maroni, Sinamari, &c. with fome Forts upon the Coaft of Guyana. In Africa, Tangier, near the Streights. Fort St. Andrew upon the River of Gambia. Fort St. Philip, toward the River St. Dominico. Tagrin, Madrebomba^ TaxoraripCape Corjjo, Emacham, or Nefcbange, and other places in Guinea, and the Ifland of St. HeUens. Madrefpatan, and Fort St. George upon the Coaft of Cormandel. The Ifland of Bombay, An- gediva. A Factory at Suratt and Bantam, with Houfes where the Prefi' dents live. They have alfo Factories at Jfpahan and Gombru, where they have half the Cuftoms: a Trade at ^^j^r*?, Amadabat, Cambaya, Brodra, Barocbe, Dabul, Pettapoli^ Majfipatan, at Balafor, Oguely, andar Dacam Bengal, &tPrianam &n6 Jamby in, Sumatra. In Siam, Camboya, Tunijuin, and the Ifland Formofa, The Hollanders Were expelled out of their New-HolJand in America. However they ftillpoflefsthe Iflands of St. Eujtace, Saba, Curacco, where they have the Fort Amfterdam, and Toboge, or New-Flu^nng, if not late- ly beaten out by the French. The City of Coro upon the firm Land. The Colonies of Rio Poamaron, where there is the New City of Middleburg, and the Fort Nova Holland ia. Rio Efe^uebe, a wide and great River, at whofe mouth lyeth three great Iflands, ViZ,. Lugewaen, Magrieten, and P^rro^j Ifland. Higher up the River are feven other Iflands, and ".riher up the River is the Fort K/c^-ox'fr-^//. Rio Demarary, andRiver ^«r^ie- Z.OS. The Colony of Soronam , where is the Fort Pamanbo. The River Capervjca, or Aperruvaca, and the River ffinypoco, or Tfaia- poco, and other places upon the Coaft of Guyana. In Africa, Arguin, and Goree, toward Cape Verd, where they have a Fort and Facftoties at Rujifque, at Porto d'Ale, and Joal. St. George of the Mine, the Forf'ot* the Mine, the Fort of IS!af/iiu, or Moure, Cormentin, Axime, andBotrco in Guin) upon the Gold Coaft. Many Forts in Congo ; &c. at the Cape of Good Hope, and at Table Bay tvAk) Forts more, in the Iflands of A/^/^'j- gafcarznd St. Maurice Upon ihQQQdL^ofMalahavpr.Gr^iiarcdorjMangaLr, Canar.or, ■MM •> I iq5 Of the Edft iHd mjl Indies. .»■ CananoryCrangamrjCocbinjCoulan. Upon theCoaft'of CormantieffTutieorifi, NegapatanfKarkal/e^And Gutldrts neatPalJtcafe.ln the Ineiian Peninfula be- yond Ganges, Malacca with (he Forts and Ifland belonging to it. In the Ifland of CeyloH, NegombOfColomh^Ga^e, Baticah, Trinjmltmal^,yafmpa' . tatty and a Fortre(s called Blakenkurg in the Ifland of Manar. In the Ifland oijavayjacatray called Bataviay and its Dependencies. The Ifle jimfter- dam, Leydefi, MuidUhurg, Delft, Ettckyfen and Horn. The Ifle or Bt-' ttta, part of the Molucca JJlatuh. in Ternato, the Forts Tacomma, Ta- lucco, Malaya , and Gammalamme. In Motir, the Fort of Naffau : In Macaian, T^ffafo, TabilloUa, Naflatjuia, otherwife Nabaca, and' Maurice, In Bacbian, Gammadere, and Lahoia* In G/A^/e, ^<7^(;'/ and Coma, In the Ifland of AmboynayCoubella and loi/ztf. In the £Wd»\^ Of ^T^ 1., '■.'<*. ^ahrj' !iflic .ci',v*\ .'i\ yy ,'«, Money commonly is the me^n tor all Commodities: it is the Si- news and ftrepgth of a Scace^chp Lifeand Soul of Commerce. Geometricians fay, That two Lines equal,to a tl^ird Line, are equal o.neto another $ lb is Money a tbiiidLineby whtcball things are made equal in Value, not Mdttria prima, becaufe it ferves a^ually to no Ufe, but potentially to all. Coin feemeth to come from the Frntcb ; Coin, a Corner ; for the Ancienteft fort of Coin was cornered, not round. The firft ufe of Money was to fupply every mans particular wants by a Pledge thereof. .j , , j , , i'v«?tv i ' The moft Ancient Money was of the pureft Gold, becaufe it had greatnefs of Weight, clofenefs of Parts, fixation, pliantnels^ or foft- ncTs, immunity from RufV, and Beauty or Colour. And the Alchi< mifts, who have moft vexed that Body, fay, that 'tis harder to de« ftroy Goldj than to make it. Silver is next to it^ and is moredudlile than any other Metal, except GoL4 ,> • ,. The purenci. ad tinenels of Money, and the weight, is obferva- ' ble for the intrinfick value thereof. The outward Form or Chara> ^er of the Prince or State, forthe extrinfick knowledge of Money. The intrinfick value of Money or Coin is fo much as there is pure Gold or Silver in it, in /inenefs and weight. As for Gold, it is divi- ded into 24 parts, called Garrets; fo that when *tisfaid, Gold is 2^ Carrats iine, there is a zyb part of Allay mingjed with it. Or if 22 Carrats fine, then there is a 12th part of Allay, &c,^he Ancient Standard of Sterling Gold was in Edward the Third's time 23 Car- rats ; . grains and one half of fine, and half a grain of Allay. Dr.Cbamberlain in his Prefent State of England faith, 'tis now 22 Car- rats of fine Gold, a^d 2 Carrats of Allay. The Silver is 1 1 Ounces and two peAny weight fine, and 18 penny weight of Allay, which ^Ifo agrees with what that Author faith tis now. 'Tis manifeft that the moft proper Meafu re in Nature for Gold and Silver, is weight ; and the Pracflice of Antiquity doth confirm it j * for the Shekel, Mina, Talent, and Drachme, bothof the Romans and Grecians, were the names of feveral forts of weight. • -; . ,. . > v / ; By the Exchanges, all Princes Coins arQ brought into one and the felf-fame quality and parity ; for the real exchange is grounded upon knowledge of the Part or Value for Value of the Moneys of eachfe- veral Country according to their feveral Standards, abating or allow* ing^ according to the Value, Weight, andFinenefs of the fame, and (b r^Aifying both the one and the other in equality and true value. Bjbt though the intrinfick value be the principal Rule by which Ex- ch;i(^nges are fquared, yet there are many other Circumftances which do vary and alter the Exchange : As the Plenty and Scarcity of money, the Occafions and Necefltties of Princes ; lil^e Trade and Cc mmerce of Merchants, whofe Eftates being continually traverfed from one Coun- try to another, and from one Coin to another, do give and take as their occafions and the Rules of the Exchanges conduce to their profit. Hence the "Bankers in /frf//, Spam, and France, bsine thesreat Takers and DeTiverers of moneys at their feveral places oFmeetmg, do con- cur in fettiflg the Rates and Prices of Exdiange for their own Com- modity and Advantage, which are ieen fo varioufly to aker, and dai- ly to riie and fall by thofe that ulc this Myftery; fo that although I have given the common Eftimate of Foreign Coins to the Standard of Londvnf as they are commonly valued, yec accoiding to the Rules of Exchange they wit' be very different mmmm Of the Roman Coin. TH E General Names for Money among the Romans are three, Monet a, Nt$fnm^ Pecmia. Mmeta, ^ whence the French Mimno^e )hecauCs it fhcweth the Au- thor, the Value, and the Time. ~~ , - l^HtniiSj or N :4mm Hi! ^ fiaich l^o(/iusj h Nu^/ia, or rather of a Greek Ori- ginal e/jri TK i'o/!/«, from the Law. PeciiniJ, -Either from the Images of Cattel Oamped upon it, or from their skin out of which money was Coined. The Names »if ths Brafs money among the Romans^ were yl(, t^acft t/4?5, the twelfth part of a Roman penny, value of our money ; far- things; 5tfww, half an ds\ Irtens, i third of an ^j j Qu/^rarJ^ I fourth of an /is j Scitanf, 1 (ixch of an //, 5 of a farthing, &i\ Qq Roman » < ' * T 0/./^/rjRoraaB:Oif*v ■-^: Mrthings; benarius the new, in value at 74s the Stage- player, his 1000 Deneers ot Roman ^ence, his daily reward, was ;i /. y /. vide Macrob. /. 3. tf. 14. Thaii'i 6emAnd o£ Demofibenes, loooo Deueers, was ;i2./. 10*, 25*0000 Deneers the price of C/ccro's Head to AntoniuSf was 7812 /. 10 /. At this r^te like wife was the Supper of Caligula, valued at 78125' A And Julius Cafar gave unto Sevilia the Mother of Brutus^ a precious Stone, which he boMght 60 times, valued at 4687 y /. The Heap of Brafs rrioney gathered by Curio the Son of Valerius, viz. Sexcentits.SeJier" tiumt, value 4687 5*0 /. Max. lib. 9. c. i. t^fop the Tragedian Stage-player left unto his Sen Ducent its Sufi er" #ff«m, value i5:6zyo A And the Remains of Cr.^ffus^s Wealth after the lotb, to Hercules, and his Publick Treat of the People of Romey and had given to all the Citizens 3 Months Corn^ were 7100 Talents, value 13312^0 /. . , ■■♦*• -i' >> The ■fp-^pp;^ wmmmmmmmmmm^ / The RoMOM Treafury taken from Captives and Enemies, began by Julius Cafar^ was Millies Sefiert turn j which is looooo Thoufand Sefi, or I Million loo M ooo. and in value of our Money was 7812^0 /. ^ Emilius Paulus brought into the Treafury from the Macedonian Cap- tives, Bis Millies Centtes, that is, two thoufand hundred thoufand H. S, or 5f/?crj, valued at 1 64062 y /. * ^ « 'j^ ^ - The Money which at five Triumphs was brought unto Julius Cafar by the Captives, was Sexisi, Millies Sefi, viz,, fix Millions of Millions, value at 4682^00/. Lentulus the Southfayer was worth before the Libertines impoverifh- ed him, Quater Millies Sefiertium, iri?. 4000 hundred H. S, valued at 3x2^000^ ■ :■.';-... X'^'^^T-'-'^ -'-■''1 .»s;rr hrtii6'ii'J"-.^'5n«A a- , Julius Cafar. in the beginning of his Confulfhip, took out of the Ca- pitol 3000 /.of Gold,, iand put in fo mUch Brafs-money, valued at 108000 /. Antiocbm to have peace with the Remans paid them 1000 Talents.^ value 2812500/. And the Tribute laid upon the Afians by Attonius was 20000 Ta^ kftts, value 37JOOOOP /. ,x^ Kotnarn Li^id Meafures I find were CHtlearfive • ' ■ — — » ■ • » « — »■■ ■ ■ '"■ Ligulus '' '!i •-'- ■ -■ " - « 46080 Cyathos « •■■ ' — i— « — . 11 5*20 Acetabulum ' > ■ ■' - ■ -'^ ■ 7680 .. . Quart arios • ■ — - ■ — - 3 840 . - Heminai .i.,.; - ^..., .,., — .,-..-^1^20 Sextarios ' ^ ■ • — •■~— « ~.> ^ .-. — —-.... — , ^60 ,. ■■ Congios ■ ■ ■■■ ■■ »■■■'«■ 160 Modius."' ■■ ■ ^ ».....«ii. n ..- ■■ ■ 60 XJrna ■ ■»-- » ' " . 40 Ampkora ■ ■ ■ ■■ ■ ■'■— ^ 20 Cadus ' . ^'^ •" " " - ■ ■■ ■ "^ ■» " i-i i^g Cauleus \»< - ■■-. !■ i The v: The Komi^Meafures of Length were. Digitus ■ - ■ - — : ■■«ii r 80000 Pollux " .< ■ I ■rill ,.i , 60000 {the Lefi i 1,. . , . 20000 the Greater ———— 66661 Talma Tti 0/ Memfw Coh. ly^^^ ' fit ^mmm ^' : Cubkm Greffus Fafus — StaJum — - ■ ' ■ '■ 200O — —— lOOO "-— TT— — "" 8 — — — I Their Square Meafures were, x. AUus-minimm, 4 foot broad, and 120 long. viz,. 48c Square feet. 2. Clima, about 60 feet Square. %.Vorca, A piebe of Land ;o toot broad, and 120 foot long, containing 3600 Square £eet. 4, AHus QmdrMtmyh^^ an Acre, or 4 Porca\ ^.Jugerum, an Acre of Ground in length 240 foot, in breadth no, which maketh 28800 fqiim feet. 6. Centuria, 100 Acres, or 11^20000 fquare feet. 7. Saltttsy a Poreft or La j ^ .... - - -, ■ " , .' -V. \ And tbcRomAtiTalejjttohe, - . -, ■ . . ,,^'''. ' ' iX^'li A//«i« — — — •- Li^y<* ■' ■ — Ounces * Tenny-weights ■*- Drachms* '«— Ssru^les 125:1 — r..- lyooSthc fame with — - loyooj thci/if^i«»'i2y/. — - xiooo" •—— 56000 Of :•:. v't-i^H- mmmmmmmmmm Of Mmr ir Coiif. m *w;)ij.-:»,'^»:-.*)fU^]^fi-' ^::|iU<>^na_ Darim Statir, having the Image of Svgitarim, oo&taining iDrams, was worth I y Shillings Elf Zip Gold, The Stater of Cix,icMs weighing 28 Drams, was in value i pound I (hilling. ' The Talent containing 6p Mina\ and every Mina a hundred Drsms ; vix^ 6 thoufand Drams to sl Talent, was valued at 187 pound 10 (hil- lings SterUtig, '- The greater Talent of 8 thouland Drams j was valued at lyo pound ffierlingi fo was the 7tf/c»r of £^ypf. Th^Talent of Babylon AX, 7 thoufand, was valued at u8 pound if (hillings. The Talent^ of ey£gina at 5 12 pound 16 (hillings ; and that of Alexandria containing 12 thoufand Drams, at 375^ pound fierling. The Crcchn Silver Coins. . 'v . The Stater of Mace Jon was in value z u^d. farthing, and 2 thirds, fierling, . -^^ - The Stater of Corinth, 1 s. S J. ha\{-penny fierling. -^'^^ '^ ' The Didracbmum with the Image of an Ox, was in value i i. ; » ' . . .*M-?* ,»mr^C£t, -fj^ Grecian LquidMedfures lifers . ./ Tiie Awfbcra of Attica, containing 12 C/fcow, 72 Zefiesot Sextario'. ■Cbus, <^ Cbngit^f is (ix Sextarios : the AmpbfrreihiM of a Metreta, Then there is the.Co«/e half a Sextarius, the (laartarifts a fourth of a Sextarius, Oxibapbum an eighth, Chjatbos the ss C«»<^^^ the 3^ of a SextartHt, idyfirum the^, Cbemes the ^, and CccbUar the ^s of aSfx- -j ^ Of the Grecian Weights. ■I •■ S i.l ^ The lefier Talented fixty pounds, the Pound of twelve ounces and a half, the Ounce of eight Drachms, the Drachm of three Scruples, the Scruple of two Oboles, one Obole of one and a half Lupine ; fo that a hundred Drachms of Attica are ninety fix of the Romany And the lefler pound of Attica is but feventy five Drams, the greater hun* drcd: one pound of the greater is 1 1 of the leflfer, and the gfeater a^»i four Ounces, ^/c««x five Ounces, ^^//^y^j half a Pound, 5'tfx/«»x feven Ounces, i5« eight Ounces, D0( 36/. being 12 Ounces to the Pound, whofe^/»- tal IS 120 7. which is about 18 or 20 per Cent, lefs than the Englifh ml. Here the Rove or Cantar is a quarter lefs than at Cadiz, or Mallaga, '-' ? The Meafure is the Vare, which makes 3 v ■ • . ■ :^^:- ^-' ■ Of Amfterdam. ' ' '^ ^rj'^ •;*'l : ^^^' "^•'.■- THIS City by reafonof its vaft Trade to Foreign Part?, affords plen^ of all known Commodities in the World; thefeveral Commodities of Europe, the Drugs, Spices and Silks of Jjta, thePro- duft of ^fricflf and the Riches of America, ^/ ■ • — ■■ R. r ' . ■:■ . : ■: -'Their ^if: 3o5 Of the Coins i Weights^ and Meafuris^ Their Money or Coin is often inhanfed or dcbafed as they f^ft occa- fion, but commonly is found to be the fame as in the account at Ant'.\ Tverf. Their Livre or Pound which is 20 /. Flemifh^ and 120 Stivers, maices a Pound of Grofs, and 20 Stivers or SoUs Turmis makes a Gil- tier, which is commonly 2 s. Sterhne; ; and 6 Stivers is a Flemijh Shil- ling, and J 5riwri is reckoned as much as 6 J. Sterling. Befides thefe, all Coins of Europe do here pafs currant, and are paid and received in Merchandize according to their value. The- Duccatoons are equal to lo D«fci6 Shillings, or 60 Stivers ; Patatoom are equal to 48 Stivers,. or 8 Dutch Shillings. / ;.^ v- > Their Weight is the Poumicf 1 6 Ounces, 100 whereof malces their (luintal, which makes at London 108, or 109/. neat. Their Meafure is the EU, which is | of a Yard Englifh ; fo that loo Eh makes at London 74 Yards,or 60 Ells and a half, fome fay $s EUs, ; i Of Antwerp, or An vers. 4 •;' TH E former and Ancient Trade of this City was as great and eminent as now Amfierdam is. Commodities here found, are Tapefiries, TiBures, feveral Manufa^ ^«r«, and other the Commodities of Flanders, ^v- ' • ; .: Their Accounts are here kept by Livres, Solds and Denters*, whicb they term Pound, Shillings, and pence of Groffes ; 12 Gre^* making a Sold, and 20 Sold a Livre or Pound Flemifh. The Currant Money here, as generally through all the Spanijh Pro- vinces, are (befides the Spanijh and Imperial) Doits ; of which 8 makes a Stiver, ^und 6 Stivers AShiWing Flemijh ; and 20 Stivers makes a Gil- der, 6 Gilder ! a Pound Flemijh ; which is reckon'd for 12 /. Sterling, and 20/. Sterling for 35 i. 4. d. Flemijh; but in Exchange *tis fome- times more than ; 6 i. Flemish ; for a pound Sterling, Their Weight is the Quintal of 100 /. of 16 Ounces />frL which makes at London 104. /. Their Meafure is the Ell Flemijh, which is one fourth of a Yard En- glijh, fo that ICO Ells Flemijh makes 60 Ells, or 75" Yards Englifj. Corn is'fold by a Meafure called the Fertuki whereof 57 and a, half makes a /,<«/? aiAmflerdain, which is 10 Quarters Englijh. Wine is fold by the Stoop, the y^we, and the Butt ; p Sreo^u is one 4me, and if2 67oo;)/ Is a Butt: the 5/c makes at Lc«o^/fo» you muft add 6 Grains. Cy Copenhagen. ... ;. Copenhagen, the Seat of the Danifh Kings in»Winter ; Commodities are Hides, Tallow, Stockfilh, Armour, Cordage, Mafts, Pitch, Tar, Deals, Wainfcot, Buck-skins and Salt-filh. Coins herecurrant are the Dollars and Shillings ; 66 Shillings makes a Rtx Dollar, which is f Shillings 5rer//»jf. They keep the Accompts by Marks of 16 s. Danijh: and their Ex- changes are made by Rtx-Dollars, which is the currant Coin of the Kingdom. Their Weights are the great and fmall Hundred, viz,, one of 120 /. the other of 112 /. which are divided into 12 parts, or Stones, at lo/. per Stone. They have alfo a Skip pounds which makes ;2 Stone at 10 /. per Stone, which is 520 /. or 20 Lis pounds of 16 pound mark , is a Skip-pound. And the 100 I. EngLjhU found t;o be 92 at Copenhagen, Their Meafures I find no where certain ; the beft that I can fix upon is, that 100 Yards JE«g/«/fc makes about 163 Ells there. ^ R r 2 Of ■ti jo! Of Ccins^ Weights^ dnd Meifnres. Of Conftantinople. COnjiant'mopU is the Seat and Refidence of thQ Great Turky enjoying the Advantages of the EuxineAnA Mediterranean Seas ; of which ^ti& obferved. That thetirft Emperor that Commanded it, was a BaU- win, and a Baldwin that loft it. That a Conjtantine built it, a Gregory being Patriarch; and a Con^antine loft it, a Gregory being Patriarch: And it was gained by Mahomet ^ and a Mahomet (according to the Turks ' Prophecy) fliall lofe it. .1 The Commodities are Grograins, Camlets, Mohair, Carpets, An- , nifeeds, Cottons, Galls, &c. The Coins currant are Afpers, 80 whereof is accounted a Dollar, and 120 Afpers to the Sultanies of Gold : a Rial of 8 and a half is a Sultanie of Gold. The Lion Dollar at 7 y Afpers. The German Seftine at 70 Afpers. The Rial of 8 for 80 Afpers. Sometimes the Sultanie, Hungar, or Chequin, is worth 10, 12, or ij Afpers more than 80. And in Merchandize it doth pafs for 90, 100, or 110 Afpers. Thevmot tells us, that the Alpers are little pieces of Silver ftampt with the Grand Stgnior's Najjie, and are worth about 8 Deniers, or 3 Far- things a-peice. The IfoUtte is worth y y Afpers. The j^lfanies, or German Rix Dollar, is worth 1 8 Afpers. The Pia/tre, or Pk^e of 58 Solsy is commonly worth 90 Afpers, fometimes but 80. j\nd then the j^jj'anie is worth but 7^ Afpers. The Turkifh Chequin is worth 2 Viafters. The Venetian is worth 10 Afpers more. And that a Purfe contains po Piafers^ or 45-000 Afpers. ThQ Canter, which is 1 5-0 Rottes, the Rotteis 12 Ounces, the Ounce 12 Drachms, the Drachm is 16 Quirats, the Quirat is 4 Grains. The Oque contains 400 Drachms, 176 Drachms is a Lodero, and 100 Lo- deroes is accounted to be 42 Oe^ues, and called a Quint ar, ox Cantar^ which is 120 1. Englifl). Silk is fold by the Baleman, which is fix Oaks, or 16 /. and one thiid Epgljl) ; but weighed by the Lodero, 1 3 Lcderoes, and 1 12 Drachms makes a Baleman. ThQMitigal, or Mid ical, is i Drachm and a half, which is z^Kil- lats, 20 Alitig:ih of Gold is 3 Ounces Eughjii, The Chequir, Sultanie, or Huv^ar, is 18 Kill (lis. The Meafure is the Picos, one of Cloth, a. of which makes three Yards Er.gli{h, and is about 26 Inches and a half. Tlie Second is the Grogram or Chamlet P/Vt?, containing 24 Inches, 24 whereof makis 16 Yaids JL>^/,;/^. s Corn i.j*- mask) ■ WWl'!^; Of CoifiJi Weights^ tuid Mesfum. ^ 309 Corn is fold by the Killowy and weigheth about 20 0»ks\ ind eight Killows and two thirds is a London Quarter. Wine and Oyl is fold by the Meter^ which makes 8 Oaks^ and is about two thirds of a Gallon EnzUfb. '.'. ••• • •,♦ ^1 1 «>■ . Ma, ., Cy Cracovia. . "^ V . ;ri CRacovia,^ tho the Metropolitan City of Poland , yet of fmall ac- count in Trade. Its Coins are the Gold Ducat, of the fame value of the Hungarian Ducat. Grofzes, Orts, andRix-dollars. iSGrofzmakean Ort, 30 Grofz make a Gilder or Florin, 6 Gilders make a Ducat, 5* Orts of 18 Grofz makes a Rix-dollar, and 4 Orts of 22 and a half Grofz makes a Rix-dollar, which in Specie is worth 40 Polifh Grofz, but in Buying and Selling it is accounted 36 Grofz. They make Contra(5):s by Silver Gilders or Florins, but no fuch real Coin. The common weight is the pound, j^6 whereof is accounted a Quintar, which makes in London 114 pounds circa ; and the 100 pound of London hath yielded here about 120 pound. The Meafureof Length is the Ell, which is half of the Englijh Ell, but their Linnens are fold by the Shock, which contains 57 Ells and A^\f Englifh. . , . ' ' • ; ' / ^ Of DantzicL / ' * DAntzick, Seated about an Englifh Mile from the Bahick Shore, on the River Viftula ; the faireft City, and greateft Trade of any in trujjia. Her Commodities are Wheat, Rye, Oats, Pot-alhes, Clap- boards, Flax, Hemp, and Canvas. Their Coins are Dollars, Gilders, Grofz, and Pence. The Rix-^ dollar is worth 90 Groiz, which is commonly valued at 4 j. 6 d. Stev' Img. A Gilder is woith 50 Grofz, and 18 of their Pence makes a Grofz. So that a Gilder is about i s. 6 d. Sterling. They keep their Accounts by Gilders, Grofz, and Pence. And they reckon one great Mark is 2 l-'o!:f}} Gildtrs , and one Tdijh Gild^^r is worth two \tiicv Marks, one leffer Mark is worth ly Grofx, .and the Grofz is 1 8 Pence. And a Grofz is vi,'orth 25 of a Farihio^i; Sterling. Their Weightis the Pound, whereof 116/. at London makes 100/. There is alfo theSkip-pound.and the Lis- pound, 16 or i4M.irk-pound is 'it '■AX. "\ 310 CffCloim, Weights f gtid Mesfures. is one Lis-pound, and 90 Lis*pounds makes one Skip-pound by the fmall Stone of 24 /. But there is a great Stone to weigh grofs Wares of 34 i whereof iq /. to the Skip-pound of 340 /. Their Meafure for Length is jhe Ell, 100 Ells whereof makes in LWo» about 49 Ells. ''*' * ' "' "■ The Meafure of Beer is the Fat, which contains 180 Scoops. The Meafure of Corn is the Laft, which contains 60 ShcfTels, ^6 whereof makes a Laft in AmjhrdantyOt 10 Quarters and a half £»g/ijfc. And 4 Sheifels make one Mud, which is theShip-pound of 34/. ^M f. Of Florence. .r, ',>*■.. Florence is Seated on a Fruitful and Pleafant Plain, near the Conflu- ence of the River Arm and Cbianiy firft built by Sylla, made a Co- lony by the Triumviri ; razed by the Lombards^ Rebuilt by Charles tb$ Great; bought its Liberty oi Rodolpbus ; and laltly, Subjeft totheA/e- Jices, now Dukes of Florence. The Commodities that this City produceth, are the produ ■* ■ * Wr L^- 0/ Genoua. THIS City is Inhabited by the greateft Money-Mongers in Europe. Their Coins here currant are Deniers, whereof 12 makes a Sold, 4 Solds a Chavalet, f Chavalets, or 20 Solds, a Livre, which is i /. 4 d. Sterling. 90 Solds makes a Crown of Gold, a Ducat in Silver is 4 Livres. They keep their Accompts by Livres, Solds and Deniers. ' 20 De- niers is a Livrc, and y Livres a piece of Eight. Here note, thai a piece of I currant Money is worth but 96 Solds. But St. Georges weighed 104 Solds. Their Weight is the Pound of 12 Ounces, and 2y Pofind is a Roue, 6 Roues is a Kintal ; and 100 /. Genoua is 70 /. I EngU^ ; and 1 Pound Enghjh is 17 Ounces Genoua j and 112 /, Engltjh is 5:8 /. Ge- mua. And the Quintal is 100 Rotelles, which makes ip fmaller Pounds, and is 106/. Englt(h. The grofs Quintal of lyo /. is of 18 Ounces to the Pound. The Meafure is the Cias, which is of two forts, one for Silk, which is of 9 Palm>, whereot* roo makes 26 Yards Englijh; the other for Lin- nen and Woollen is of 10 PaIhis, and makes 2I Y&rds Englijh. Wine is fold rhere by the Miferold, whereof j makes a Botta Di^ mina, and cwo Barrels makes a Miferold, which is 100 Pints. Oyl is fo'd by the Barrel, 14 whereof makes a Tan of 236 Gal- lons to the Tun. •-^. . ' . ■ • " ' Of 3" Of ComSf Weight s^ sftd Meafires. ■ •■..' . , Of Hamburgh. HAmbufgh is aFree City of the Empire enjoying the Priviledge of a Hanfe-Town ; the Haven is guarfi<;d with an Iron Chain, the City adorned with nine Churches^ a Senate- Houfe, and Exchange. The Merchants Exchange here for London by the Pound Sterlings for other places upon the Rix dollar, at ^4 Stivers. A Dollar is here faid to be worth 3 Whit-pence, one Whit-penny is worth 18 Shillings, oneShilling to be 12 pence, andonePenny two Hellers. A Mark is 16 Stivers, and 7 Marks and a half is 20 s. Fit" mijh. '^-^ ' " Their Weight is the Pound, 120 whereof is their Quintal, and makes at London 107 or 109 /. The Meafure is the Ell, 100 whereof makes at London 45 Ells and a half, and 100 Yards at London makes about 162 and a half, or 163 Ells. Corn is meafured by Schepel, 90 making a Laft, and 83 Schepels is 10 Quarters Englijh, 0/ Lcgorn, flr Livorn. Commodities are Oyls, Wines, Silks raw and wrought, Anchove;, Annifeeds, Rice, Argal, with other Italian Commodities. Coins are Qu-^treens, <■ whereof make one Scratch or Craca, 12 Scratches or Cracd's is one Livre, which is 9 d. Engli(h, 8 Craca's is one Julio, which is 6 d. Engltfh, C Livres or 9 Julio's is one Dollar, which varieth according to the Exchange ; 7 Livres is a Ducat, which is f /. 9 d, EngU^, And 7 Livres 5 is a Scudoe, or Crown D'oro, wllich is % s. J d. I Sterling. The Accompts are kept in Dollars, Solds and Deniers, 12 Deniers to a Sold, and 20 Solds to a Dollar. Charges of Goods are kept in Livres, Solds and Deniers, and brought into pieces of 1 1 f Solds per piece, which is called Ihort Money, of which y Livres and 3 quarters is a Dollar, and 6 Livres or 120 Solds makes a DolLir, v^hichis cal- led Long-Money. Exchanges are with Londm for 5*6 j. ti. per piece. MarfeiHes for 60 Surneife/'cr piece. • Naples Ducats 92 for— Pieces 100 Venice Ducats Dcbank 103'^ for Pieces 100. with Solds 11} tor a Dollar. Com- Of Coins] Weights] And MeafurK jij Commodities fold by the Pound 12 Ounces. All forts of Silks ia JuHos ; Cloves , Cinamon , Indigo, Cochineal , StoraXj Benjamin, ' Manna and all other Drugs in Livres. Rtdjfia Hides, in Solds. Commodities Sold by the Kintal; Pepper, Cinamon/ Caflia, Lig- num, Nutmegs, Wax, Tinn, in Ducats. Cotten-wool, Cotten- yarn, Ginger, in Ducats ; Gawles in Livres. Commodities fold by the 1000/. Lead, Campeach, Faxiimbuck, in Ducats ; Pot-aihes in Dollars. Sugars of all forts by the Kinta! of 1 5* i Pound in Scudoes or Crowns. Newfound-Land-Fifh by the Kintal of 160 /.in Julio's j Hci rings by the Barrel, and Pilchards by the Hogfhead in Dollars. Their Weight is the Pound of 12 Ounces, of which 1 5'and a half makes tlie Pound ErgUpu, fo that their Quintal of 100 /. is 77 /. chree Ounces I English ; or 14^/. there, is 112 /. Enghfh. By a late Ac- compt I find that their Kintal of 100 /. makes 76 /. Evgliflj, and 148 /. there,is about 112 Evglt(h; and that their Kintal of Sugar is iji/. a Kintal of Fiffi 160 of their Pound. The Meafures of Legorfj, 4 Braces makes a Lane, which is 2 Ells Englijli', 8 Braces IS y yards E»gLf,j. The Quintal of Allom is 130 /. which makes 100 /. 6 Ojnces | Evgltjh. The Quintal of Wool is 160 /. and makes 12; /. 5 Englijh, Corn Meafure is a Stax, 3 Staxes is a Sack, 8 Sacks, or 24 Stars, is Moggio. A Stax, if the Corn be g^iod, will weigh $0 1. Euglifh, 3 Sacks and three quarters makes the £»»//(& Quarter. 63 Mina's at Genoua makes 100 Sacks at Legom, and 12 Mina's makes a Tun of 40 Bulhels Winchefter Meafure. Wine is fold by the Coy no, which is lo Barrels, one Barrel is 20 . Flaskj and 2 Mettidals is a Flask. Oylis fold by theOxcio or Barrel, and fiiould weigh 8y /. and hold 32Mettidals. Coxal and Colchefter Bays are fold by theCayne in Livres, Serges and Perpctuanoes, Sayes, &c, are fold by the piece for Dollars. oy Lions. Llom is Dated upon the Conflux cf the 'S.o^m and Soam^ is famous for itsTrade of Silks, and for Exchanges. Their Coins currant, and Accompts keeping, are the fame with Varu. For Weights, I find three forts, vi'i,. The King's weight, the Towns weight, and the Silk weight. S f The JI4, ^f C'w*/, Weight s^ AnAMUfurh^ The Town wdght is zoo /. of 1 6 Ounces, which maketh at Un- ion 96 /. The Meafure is the Alne, 7 whereof makes in Lonhn 9 Yards, fo that 'tis about a Yard and Quarter at IW09. Of Lisbon. > ' Commodities are, Honey, Wine, Oyl, Fruits, Fifii, Salt, white Marble, Ailom ; and befides Drugs, Spices, Cottons, Callicoes, Precious Stones, Silks, and other Eaft-hdia^ Verfia^ Arabia, and China Commodities. Coins are a Vintin, \yhich is 20 Res, or 5 J. Ster. A Rial, which is 40 Res, or two Vintin, 6 d. Ster. A Telton is 100 Res. 400 Res is an Old Crufado or Crown, yoo Res is a New Crulado or Crown. 600 Res is a Piece of Eight, icoo Res is a Mill Rea. Weights are 16 Ounces to a Pound, 32 Pound isa Rou;, 4 Roues is a Kintal, ^4 Roues is a Tun. This V/eight is 2J or 3 fer Cent. greater thai: the Englifh. The Quiiital, which is of two forts ; the greater Quintal, whereby they weigh Sugars and all Spices, except Pepper and Cinamon, is divided into four Roues, each Roue being 52 /. which is 1 28 /. at 16 Ounces to the Pound, and is bigger than the Efiglijh hundred by 16 /. Pepper is fold by the Quintal of 121 /. which is juft our Hundred, and Cinamon by the Quintal of 128 1. Englifh. Meafures are of two forts, the one is the Varefor Linnen, Silk, or Stufis ; and in meafuring, to every Vare is given an Inch; (b that the Vare is 42 Inche* and three quarters, which is almoft an EH Engltflj. The other, called the Coveda, maketh three quarters of a Ifard Evgljjhj and to this there is no advantage given. Meafure for Corn is the Alquier, three of which makes a Bufliel of Wihcheftcr Meafure, and ^ of the Alquiers makes the Hanaque, i j AU ^uiers makes a Tun of i?n/o/ Water- meafure, 60 Alquiers makes a M^-; of Salt, icroMoys of Salt is 33 Weys Englijh, 3 Alquiers makes a Bufiiel, 1 3 Chants makes an Allmuden, and 5-2 Allmudens is a Tun of Wine. Of London. ' WHEN Julius Cajar firft entred this Ifland, certain Iron Rings were currant inftead of Money ; afterwards the Romans brought in the Ufc of Gold, Silver,, and Brafs Coins. In wm ^^^ -■■::r*:^^%-'--'\ Of Com, Weighs] dni Meafures^ " jij In the time of Richard the Firfi-, pure Money was Coined in the Eaft oi Germany, whereof fome of thofe Eafierlings were fent over for, and employed in his Mint ; from thence our Money was called Eajt^ erlingy or Sterling Money, as fome think j but others fay, of the Sax- on word Ster, weighty. The Coins here, and throughout all England, as well Gold as Sillver, are feveral, and of a different value, but all reduced to Pounds, Shil- lings, and Pence; all Coined of Gold and Silver ; only in relation to the Neceflity of the Poor, and Exchange of great Money, a fmall piece of Brafs, called a Farthing , or fourth part of a Penny , hath been permitted to be Coined, but no man enforced to receive it in pay for Rent or Debt, which cannot be faid of any other State or Nation in the world befides. Four Farchings make a Penny, 12 Pence a Shilling, and 20 Shillings a Pound Sterling. No Monies in any Mint are made of pure Gold and Silver, becaufe they are too flexible, and therefore allajied with Copper. The Stand- ard of Crown Gold is 22 Carracs of fine Gold, and two Carrats of Allay in the Pound weight Iroy, which is divided into 44 parts and a ^alf, each part is to pafs for 2c s. and the half part for 10, which is 44/. 10 s. the Pound Troy. The Allay of fome Gold Coins is all Sil- ver, as the Guinec Gold, which renders the Gold Coins fome more white, fome more yellow. The Standard of Sterling Silver is u Ounces and 2 penny-weight of fine Silver , and 18 penny- weight of Allay of Copper out of the fire; fo that 12 Ounces of pure Silver with- out any Allay, is worth 3 /. 4 j. 6 ^. and an Ounce is worch^ s. 4 d, halfpenny, but with Allay it is worth but ; /. and theCunce 5 s. Of Weights there are two forts ufed throughout all England, viz,. Troy IVeight, and Avoirdufoije Weight, / In Ti r- "Pound Troy The Ounce Penny weigh kn'' ers divide the^ Grain Mite ■ Droite Peiic 12 20 into ^20 24 ^o 1:4 Ounces. Penny weight. Grains. Mites. Droites. Pcrits. Blanks. 'Tis alfo divided into 24 p.irts, wliicli a:c ''V.Ie.l Carrats, fj that each Carrat is 10 penny weight Tro)^ or half an Oaiice. And this Car- rar is divided into four parts, which are called Carr.it-grains; fo thac the Carrat-grain is two penny weight and a half,or 60 ordinary Grain S f 2 ' -^ <• 516 Of Coins^ Weights^ dni Mcdfurh, fo there are 480 Grains in the Ounce, and 5'76o Grains in the Pound. By this weight are weighed Pearls, precious Stones, Gold, Silver, Bread, and all manner of Corn and Grain, and this weight the Apo- thecaries do or ought to ufe, tho by other Denominations, their leaft weight is a Grain, , 20 Grains 5 Scruples 8 Drams 1 2 Ounces ^makesi 'a Scruple, /a Dram, |an Ounce^ a Pound. AvoirJtipoife Weight is reduced into feveral Denominations , viz,. Tuns, Hundreds, Quarters, Pounds, and Ounces ; fo that 16 Ounces 28 Pound 4 Quarters ro Hundred !','• ■''rund, *\ arter '"^^^^Ka i.indred, or 112/. ^a Tun. By this weight are weighed all Grocers Ware, Flefii, Butter, Cheefe, Iron, Hemp, Flax, Lead, Steel ; alfo all things whereof comes wafte. All Meafures in England are either Applicative, or Receptive. The fmalleft Applicative Meafurt is a Barley Corn, whereof. 3 In Length 12 Inches *3 Foot I Yard and a quarter 1 Foot and a half 2 Cubits J Foot 6 Foot 1 6 Foot and a half 14 Perch 8 Furl, or 320 Perches . "an Inch. a Foot. a Yard. an £11. a Cubit, makes ^ a Yard. V- a Geometrical Pace, a Fathom. a Perch, Pole, or Rod. a Furlong. v.a Mile EfjgUjli. So that a Mile, according to the Statute of Henry the Seventh, ought to be 61,7,60 Inches, 1760 Yards, ioj6 Paces, 320 Pole, or 5-280 Foot, that is, 280 Foot more than the Italian Mile ; 60 Miles more exadly, 69 and a half, makes a Degree, and 360 Degrees, or 25020 Miles com^afs the whole Globe of the Earth. Re- nd. rer, po- * > Of Coins ^ Weights^ sftd Mesfures. 3;7 Receptive Meafures are two-fold : Firft of Liquid or moift things : Secondly, of dry things, whereof about a Pound Avoir dupoife make a Pint, 2 Pints 2 Quarts 2 Pottles , ' 8 Gallons 2 Firkins - 2 Kilderkins, or 32 Gallons 9 Gallons 2 fuch Firkins, on 8 Gallons 2 fuch Kilderkins, or 36 Gallons 1 Barrel and half, or 54 Gallons 2 Hogfhead 2 Butts or 2 Pipes a Quart. , a Pottle, a Gallon, a Firkin of Ale. a Kilderkin. ^^"^^'^"^ a Firkin of Beer., a Kilderkin, a Barrel cf Beer, a Hoglhead. a Butt or a Pipe, l^a Tun. -f> Confifting of 1728 Pints or Pounds; and a Barrel of Butter or So,ip is the fame with a Barrel of Ale. The E«g///fc Wine-meafures are fmal- ler than thofe of Beer or Ale, and hold prooortion as four to five ; fo that four Gallons of Beer-meafure are five C tllons of Wine-meafure, and each Gallon of Wine is eight Pound Tmy weight ; fo ,thar a Roundlec of Wine holds eighteen Gallons , half a Hogihead thirty one Gallons and a half, a Tierce of Wine holds forty two Gallons, a Hogfhead fixty three Gallons , a Punchion eighty four Gallons , a Pipe or Butt a hundred twenty fix, and a Tun two hundred fifty two Gallons, or two thoufand and fixieen Pints. Dry Meafures are thofe in which any kind of Dry Goods are meafured, as Corn, Coal, Salt, &c. of which there is the Pint j two Pints make a Quart, two Quarts a Pottle, two Pottles a Gallon, two Gallons a Peck, four Pecks a Bulhel, four Buflielsa Comb or Cur- nock, two Combs a Quarter, four Quarters a Caldron, fivj Quarters a Weigh, ten Quarters a Laft or Weigh, which contains f 120 Pints; where note, that the Corn Gallon is bigger than the Wine Gallon, and lefs than the Ale or Beer Gallon, and is in proportion to them as 3 ; to 28 and 3 y, and is counted 8 pouads Troj weight. . 0/ V, 3' Of Corns, Weighty sftd Meafum: Of Lubeck. ^'-■- - - IT S Coins currant are the Rix-DoUarsj worth 48 Stivers j the Mer- chants DoiS^^r at ; 5 5^;wrj, the Steck-Dollar&t ^2 Stivers, the Mark ac 16 Stivers, the GuU is one Mark and 8 Stivers, ths Real'is 2 Marks and 14 Stivers, and y of their Stivers is 6 //. Sterling, and one 5fiwr is 12 Fenving. Their Weight is the Pound, of which is made a Centner and a Schip- pound, one Schip-pound is 2oLif-pound, or 280/. i Centner \i 8 Lif- pound. A Tun of Salt is 20/. A Stone of Flax 20/. A Stone of Wool is 10/. one Pound is 16 Ounces, or 32 Lodt, Their Meafurc is the Ell, 8 whereof make in London y Yards. 0/ Madrid. - MAdrid, the Court of 5^tf/», and greateft Village in the World: The Coins here, are the general Coins of Spain, viz. the Ducat, which is 375" Mervedes in Exchange, and is called by fome the Dobkn ofCafiiles "Thd Cafiiliano which is worth ^S$ Mervedes. The Florin of Caf^ile worth 265- Mervedes, The SpaniJhDuQSLt hath eleven Rials of Plate, and a Rial is 34 Mer- vedes, a Ducat is generally valued about p. 6d. Englijh, and the Rial at 6 pence. » . Of Malaga. MAlaga , Seated on the Mediterranean, abounds in Raifins and Wine. Their Moneys are general witha^l Spain. They generally keep their Accompts in Bcillon or Brafs money, by Rials, Ducats and Mervedes, 34 Mervedes make a Rial oi Beillon, which according to the Law of the Kingdom fhould be worth yo in the Hun- - dred lefs then a Rial of Plate or Silver, upon the accompt 1 00000 Mervedes AVQ worth about 61 1. Evgh^j, But becaufe the Silver Coin in Spain is now Cent, per Cent, better than the Money of Bcillon, which is moft part of Copper, looooo Marvedes is worth but half of that Money : So that Biillon is not intrinfecally worth fo much as the PrinCe puts upon it. • Their sMcr- iMark Marks tiver is Schip- s 8 Lif- tone of !s. World I le Ducat, e Doblon ;4 Mer- the Rial ifins and jney, by », which the Hun- C lOOOOO IverCoin m, which ' of that :h as the ' ; .^ Of CohSf ^ei^hff, ami Mtsfkres^ ^ip Their Weight is the Quintal or C. which they divide into four JKc«c' or Parts of 2y/. at i6 Ounces fer Pound, each Ounce contains J 6 Drachms, each Drachm 28 Grains ,• and this Quintal or C. makes in London 106 Averdufois. Their Meafure is the Vare, of 32 or 38 Inches EngUjli. Wine-meafure is a Roue, which is divided into eight fmall Meafbres called Somhresf and is in England four Gallons, and 2f of thefe fill a Pipe, which is a hundred Gallons Englijh. Oyl-meafure is the Roue of 2 y /. Dry- meafure is the Hgnoque, which is divided into two Almodei, making one Bufliel and a half in weight, by heap 144/. by Strike, 99 /. Englijh, Meflena Weights and Meafures. TWelve Ounces is a Pound by which Silk is fold. 2 Pound \ make* a Rottela, 100 pound, that is between 70 and 71 /. Engltjh, and 100 Rottela" s makes a common Cantar, which is 176 /. Englijh, Of its Meafure: 8 Palmes makes a Cane, which is reckoned 23 yards Engli(h, buc found above 84 Inches. Coins are, 20 Grains, or 2 Carkens is a Tarrie, which is ^ d. Ster- . ling. 30 Tarries make an Ounce, which is 11s. 6 d. Sterling. 12 Tar^ ries is a Crown, or Smdo, which is y s. Sterling, 11. Tarries is com- monly reckoned a DoUor, as Exchange. Accompts are kept in Ounces, Tarries and Grains, 20 Grains to a Tarrie, and 3 o Tarries to an Ounce. Perpetuanoes are fold by tlie piece for Crowns. Cloth , Bays, &c. by the Cane for Tarries. Pepper, Indigo, by the Cantar, for Ounces. Lead and Iron by the Cant at for Crowns. AndSilk of all forts by the Pound, for T^irr/w. 0/Millain. THEIR Currant Money are the Imperial Coins j other Coins^ as Spanift, French and Italian, pafs here in Merchandize. The Crown of the Gold of the Sun is worth 96 or 98 5o/ ; the Ducat of Gold is in Circa a hundred Sol ; the Ducat Imperial is valued at four Livres; a Crown of Gold Italian is five /.iz/z-w and fix Sol Imperial; and the Crown paffeth in Commerce for a hundred and ten Sols, and the Ducat for as much. Weight 3 10 ' ^ Of CoinSf Weights, and Menfmsl '' * Weight is the Quintal o^z. hundred pounds which makes at London feventy pound. Meafure is the Brace, a hundred whereof makes at London forty three Ells., .'. f. 0/ Marfeillcs. AT Marfeilles the loo pound is in Englilh 88 /. |, and 8 Talms makes a Cane, which is 2 Yards \ Etigltfh. The Muld of Corn is 60 BuHiels, or % Quarters EngUfli, , 0/Mofcow. THeir Coins arc the Cuppeckj ten wereof make a Greven, and ten Grevens is a Ruble, which is about 8 s. Sttrlwg, by fome lo j. Sterling. There is alfo the Altine, by which name all Receipts and Payments are made, 3 3 whereof, and one Crapeck, makes a Rubble, which is an Imaginary Coin, and not Real j 3 Cuppecks make an Altine, ' > ' Weight is the Zelotneck, of which ninety fix make a pound, forty pound a Pood, and ten Food a Berccvet ; fo their P()o0il^4r ; and a GM//w» ry Ducat oi ^j^ Mervedes, which is fomething above $ s, SJ.Sterhn^, But the Rial inSivUis worth but 34 Mervedes, and fo fome keep their Accompts in Rials of 34 Mervedes to the Rial, which is about 6 pence ETiglifljy and foit is generally efteemed throughout all Spain, The DoblcnoiCafiilc is worth 37 > Mtrytdes, but the Dohlon currant oiCarline Money is |j Mervedes. ■" ■>' . ;4 Merves is a Rm/, 8 JRw/; is a piece of Eight, and ji Rials is a Single Piftol, 64 7?wA is a Double Piltol. Note, that there is an Advance of 6 per Cent, on Pieces of i above 8 Rials. And 2 R/Wj BeiUon b one RW of Plate, Their Weight is the Ktntal of 100 /.Subtle, at 4 Roves to the Kir. tal, each Rox/e being z$l. which Kintal is faid to make about 108 /. in Enilifli. , ' •,•■ ) ^.^•r^', >:..Jrj/ f", -. ._. ,'V,;|; \ The Common Meafure is the F'are, a hundred whereof makes' in London 74 Ells. Liquid Meafure is the Rove, which is about 4 Gallor^s Englifi, Fpjir Qttarteels is a Somar.. 8 5(J»»<»w is a JRow for Oyl anfl Wine. ^ ^^'^ naga of Corn is a Bufhel an^ half Englijh,^ _ . , , ' 1 ' ; ■.'•>!.';.. :!-'' I>rw. r-- ^):!f .'• "-:•":<••■;' Jii^.iiv iLiJw .\nj; .1 "V: ... ^ 0/" Stockholm. 1,:-. i.Jv oiwjx ' The^Dftcrf/ of Gdldis worth 24 Deniirs; tner Livre of Grofzes are of two forts, one fzet'ZYQ of , theotlier Money in \cats which an 6. The Is, and the S«^//tf, and hofz, , and 1 5" I Venice 1 Subtle. Their 4^ 0/ Cc#«/, Weights^ and Mesfttres. ^x% Their Meafures are two, called the Braces, the one for Silks, Da> mask, ^c. of which j 5m«/ make 3 Yards EngUfh, pr one 5r4ctf is 22 Inches g £:»g///Z?. The other for StufFa, Linnen, &e. whereof ^ makes 2 £lls and a half Engltjh, or the ^rut* is 2 y Ewg/^/fc Inches. Wine is fold by a Meafure called the Amphora which is 4 Bigorz,a*s\ the Bigorza is 4 Quarts, the Quart ^Sachies, ihcSacbie 4 LfraV. Oyl is fold as well by weight as meafure, the meafure is called the Miro, which makes by mealure 2y /. and by weight 30 /. 3 Ounces. Of the Coins y Weights and Meafures of the i. . Chief Cities in A^u, ^ , , . ;■> 1 Of Arabia. i f . . ■' ^ H ^H E Money of j4rabia*h called Larlm, and are in value as I one of the Fretich Crowns, only they want in weight 8 Sous I of the Frwc/6 Crown, or Rial of Spain, which is about 14 JAi. ;)frC««f. lofs. Tliefe £rfr/»j are the Ancient Coins of ^7?*7, ,but only currant in Arabia, and at Balfera, and along the PerfianGulf, where they take 80 Larins for one Toman, which is yo Abajfls. Ano- ther Author I find, that faith, that all the Coins throughout all Ara- bia, efpecially Arabia Falix, are the fame, or at lead dp correfpond with thofe under the Grand Signio/s Dominions. In other places, viz,. the A/per, 60 whereof (or rather 80 ) makes a Rial of 8 Spanijh, or a Dollar I alfo 100 Afpers are reckoned for a Sultanie, Cbe>^uin, Zecbin, or Sheriff, which are the common Gold Coins, and held to be ^bout 8 J. Ster. That their Weights are alfo much tne fame with thofe of Turkey, viz,, the Drachm, of which 10 makes an Ounce, and 14 Ounces a Rotello, 24 Rotello\ is a Fracello, which is 25/. 1 z Ounces Englifh, 1 f Fracello'sls ACantar^ or as 'tis called at AJea^ a Babar, making about ^86 1. Englijh. Their Meafure is alfo Turkijh, viz.. the ^ico, efteemed to be 26 In- ches and a half Englijh, ■ ■■! -■ . •■ ■■"■■ \ V ^ *^ •"V— ff ^'V'^T'- <\V <■ "-flfft- ^U^ OfCoiMi, Weights f hhA Meifa^ei. Of the Cbkf Cms in Turkey, &*c. fl.r ?>--» / 0/ Aleppo. ALepfoh the moft Famous City of all the Grand Sijrnms Domini- ons, and is felted about loo Englijh miles from JlexanJretta or Scamlaroon, which is the Sea-port and Road for all Ships to lade or unlade their Goods, which sxt tranlported by GameU to Alefpo. Commodities are Silks^ Chamlets, Galnuts, Vfilaneed, which is a fort of Acorn-fliell ( which the, Curriers ufe to drefs their Leather ) Gotten. Yarn, Mohairs, Soap, Drugs of all forts. Galls, &c. Coins of the Country are Shehees, of which 16 make a Piece of Eight, and 14 of them a Lyon Dolbr. The Sultanie, which is two Dolhrsor Pieces of Eight, which is 80 Afpers, the Lyon Dollar is 70 Afpers. Thevenot fays. That aC Aleffo the Piaiter of Rials is u'orth 80 Af- pers. The Boguelle 70. The Schaied y Afpers, and 16 Schaieds for a Plainer, and 14 for a Boguelle. The Weights are the Drachm, artd the Rottulo, which differs in Drachms according to the Commodities. The Rottulo is 4/. 1; Ounces, that is 720 Drachms. The Rottulo for the Verjian or Ledg-filkis 680 Drachms, 72^^ Ounces. The Balladine Rottulo is 720 Drachms, 745 Ounces. 1 he Alepfo Rortle7«ef. ' The tripo;; Silk Rottulo is the fame. The Caftravan Silk Rottulo is 6co Drachms, 4 /. Enghfhy and y /. MarfeiUes. The Alefpo Wells is 120 Dnchms, i; Ounces Ettgltflj. - The Cyprus Gotten Kintal of 100 Rottulo's 5-06/. Englifh. The Kintal of 100 Rottulo's is 62 j/. Levorm, The Oque contains 4.00 Drachms. Others tell us, a Kintal of ico Rottulo's is 450 /. EvgUpi, called a Can tar. A Wefro of Silver is 100 Drachms, and there is a Wefno of 3600 Drachms, 60 Drachms to one Ounce, a.'d 10 Ounces to the Rottclio, which is about 4 /. 14 Ounces AvrirJupoije ; fo that 1 12 /. Avcrdufoije is 22 Rottello's 8 Ounces ; and 100 Rotcello's is a Cantar, which is 48 1 /. Avoirdupo'tie. Gold, Gold, Silver, PreciousStones, c^r. arefoldby theMittagal, which is one Drachm and a half: a Drachm is fixty Carrats, and a Carrat is four Grains, The Meafufc is the Pico, which is 27 Inches, or threequartes bfa Yard Erglijh, The meaiiirc Pikeisfofa Yard£»f/erCf»/. that is, multiply by 20, and divide by 9. To bring Rottello's into Battmans, multiply by 3, ..n off the laft figure, and divi'^e by 4, adding the remainder to t' 3 figure cut off, •vhich mult, by 60. To bring Battman's into Rot. mult, by 40, and divide by 3. To reduce Battmans into Kintals, mulr. by 2, and divide by r f . To bring Kintals into Batt mans, multiply by if, then take the half ; for 75 Battmans is a Kintal. By —T^IP^^BIP „,.:-.^, 1. 3^ Qf Coinsi 0^(igkl^ 4nd ^sfkre/v By the Kimal of 4 f Oaks are fold Gotten*yarn in forts, Galls, AUoai, Lead, Brazeel-wood, Bees-wax, Valonea, Logwood, Steel, Sugar, Gums, Almonds. By the Kintal of 44 Oaks is fold Cocten- wool, and Sheepswool in forts, Tin, Annifeeds and Boxwood. By the Buttman is fold fcveral forts of Silks. By the Oak- is fold Pepper, Cloves, Mace, Benjamin, Galbanum, Sea-horfe-Teeth,Gum- Arrabeck, Indigo, Wormfeeds , Caffia of C^iro^ Senna , Rhubarb, Scamony, Agarick, Cochineal, white Cordivants; and by the Cheque is fold Goats Hair beaten or unbeaten. Commodities are Raw Silk, which the Armenians bring out of P/r- fia, Chamlet-yarn, and Chamlet or Goats-hair, which come from y^»- gourif Gotten twifted, Skins and Cordovants of feveral colours, Cali- cuts white and blew. Wool forMatriflcs, Tapeftries, quilted Cover- lets, Soap, Rhubarb, Galls, Valleneed, Scammony,^ and Opium. The Cuftom paid by the En^lt(hh 3 per Cent, as generrally through- out all Turkey. The Coins currant of Smyrna arc the fame with Confiantimfky and they keep their Accompts in the fame nature, and therefore I fhall refer you thither. The Weights of5w;rw;» and 5fw are the fame, i/i?.. the Drachm, of which 1 80 makes a Rottello, 100 Rottcllo's makes a Quintal, which is 4^ Oaks, and is 119 /. Englijh; 400 Drachms alfo make an Oak, which is 2/. II Ouncgs and a ha\( Avoirdupoife Englifh. Their Meafure is the Pico, which is about ^ of a Yard Englifu Of Jerulalem, or of the Hebrew Cohs^ &c. ALihough in all the Land of Judaa^ Talefttne^ or the Holy Land, there is not now any City of Trade or Commerce ; yet 1 cannot omit what was once Remarkable, and may be of ufe to many to knovtr the Coins, Weights and Meafures of the Jews in the flouriihing days of their State and GrandetT, Cold. A Darken, or Dragmon, of which we read Es:,ra 8. 27. and Ezrjt 2. 6, 9. in Greek ^es^Xf^^y which the EKgliJh render a Px^chm, the value was about i ^ 8 Shekels ^V 2 Staters .-'^-^'"^ ' ' I 1 a Staters Ounce .-<-■'-'' I 1 4 Ounce. ■ ■ ■■^..■•^'> A Shekel Is about the weight of an EngUfh half Crown, or half an Ounce. f3» Mr. Greaves and Rivet faith, that thediftiiKaionof adouble §hekel, the one Sacred, tqmXio tYi^Tetra-Drachme, theotiicrProphane weighing the Didrachme, is without any folid Foundation in Writ, and without any probabilty of Reafon in a Wife State. » :i ff :ia The H«^r£3/^ Cubit contained of our meafure according to Guildhall Standard,, 17 Inches ^ or | of an Inch, exaftly anfwermg to the Ro- man foot and a half. It was a meafure from the Elbpw to the Fingers end, vulgo Si foot and a half, Deut. 3 . 11. The holy Cubit contained two common Cubits, i King. 7. i y. i Chron. 3. i f. The King's Cubit was three fingerslonger than the common Cubit. v v ji ,^ , ^ > The Geometrical Cubit contained 6 common C^ubits, according to which was l>Joab's Ark built. The Barah, tranflated often MiUarium, lignifieth fo much ground as may be travelled in half a day between Meal and Meal. Kaneb, Arundo, the Reed, fix Cubits and a hand's breadth, Ez,tk, 40., f. the ufe of it was to meafure Building, Rev. 2j. if. ' * Stadium, a Furlong, containing iij paces. ^ Za^bady Zemed, and Berotb, Gen. ^f. 16. a little way or piece of grbund containing 1000 Cubits, an Hebrew mile, about 500 Englijh yards. ^ .Ztrtfkp Spitbama, and D^dransy a Span; Exod. 38. 16. lfa» ^0. ii. Dry Meafure, '' 1 find the Epbab is ftated at yi/. I which reduced into EngJtflj Mea- ' fure makes (ix Gallons one Pottle and half a Pint, and i o Epbahi made one Omer; the Omer was 1 Pottle i Pint 3 Ounces, and 10 Omen ,tiiade I Efbab, Liquid ry. Liquid -V j}» ' I c '• '" 'I \^ ■* -'V yy Cf Com, Weights, Mfid Mesfins: ^"- ' ■ Liquid Meafure, .V ' > -^ ■J «-. '■■ ■ ......'. ,,^ .," ; ■ '-'5',:' i- ■'■ Their Liquid Meafiires were the Log, Hitt, ahd Bath ; The 54/<&is ordinarily reckoned of like quantity with the Epbab, tnore exactly it is 51 Pints and a half, or by others 6 Gallons one Pottle and a half. The Hin is one Gallon and three quarters of a Pint, which is the 6^/&. partof^B^;j&. The Lo^ is the one u of the Hin, that is | of a Pint, and ^ of an Ounce, that is 3 quarters of a Pint, wanting but the | part of an Ounce ; fo that the | part of a Hlxi isalmoft one quarter of a Pint. ' 0/the Cotp^f kcofPevCiSL. -^ '/ ^ TH E Commodities of Perjia are Gold, Silver, Raw Silk in great abundance j fome Drugs and Spices, Wine-fruits, feveral Manu- factories, 'viz,. Carpets, Arra^-work, Hangings, Cloath of Gold and Silver, and fine CottenCloths. The Coins in Perfia are Real and Nominal; Real Coins are Bifii's Shaxet*j, Mamoudts and Ahaffis; ^Bifii is a tenth of an AbaJJi, a Sbaxet is a fourth of an Ahaffi, and the AhaJ[Ji is valued at 16 d. Sterling, or 18 Sous 6 Denier s. The Nominal Coins are Larins, Ors, and Tornund: a Tarh is 2 Shaxes |, and 18 Larins to a Tomond in Commerce at Gam^ rm, but in no other place ; an Or is accounted for Ave Ahaps, 6 u lid* Englijb, and a Tomond for ten Oi or fifty Abajfis, which i$ in value 3 /. 9^. EKgli(h. Rix Dollars And Pieces of Eight paG for 14 Shaxets, or 5 AbaJJi's I p^r Piece. Tbevenot tells us. That the Tiafiers are commonly worth 13 5^/&<9i/ if full weight ; i; I a B//?/. The Bifii confifts of 4 Casbegbis, of which 10 makes a Schais, The moft currant Money are the Abaffi's, Matpcu- dtf, Scbau and Casbaghis ; the. AbaJJi is of the value of 4 Schftky wl^h is about 18 Sols French The Mamottdi contains two Scbflis, whioh is about 9 50/f, the iSrii/ about 450/^3, and ihQ Casbeghi ^ Denifrs\. The Jo«7o»oife : Tavernier Mthy *tis | of a Pound, and the Pound is of fixteen Ounces. There is alfo the hundred Weights called MaumU; forty Sears make a Maund of thirty three pound Engujl), and forty Sear makes a fmall Maund oifiky four Pound § 0' Englifh. Tavemier faith. The Man is 69 Pound at 1 6 Ounces to the •'ou'nd ; but the Af • ' Ti. .. t ■.'; \-r cy Pegu WArackan;-'-' ' '■ .; ^^^:f TH E King of Pegus Silver Coin weighs two DracRms and a half and twelve Grains, and makes about twenty Sous Hx Deniers. And his Fano's or little pieces of Gold weigh feven Giains> fifteen of which palTes in value for a Real or French Crown. ,",".', The King of Arackans Money weighs two Draehms and a half and fifteen Grains, and makes twenty one Som : He Coins no Gold, but Trafficks in Gold uncoined ; the Metal is not worth above four*- teen Carats, one Carat being the third part of an Ounce. Of the Money which the Englifh Coin in the Indies. TH E Money which the Englifh Coin at the Fort of St. George upon the Coaft oiCormandeli they call Fagods (as thofc of the Kings and Rajas of the Country are called ) are of the fame weight for good- nefs, and pafs at the fame value, which is about the weight of the French half Piftol ; but the Gold is of bafer Metal, fo that an Ounce is not worth above forty two gr forty three Livres, and not going for more than 4 Roupies. And ac the famous Port of Bombay, the Englifh have built a ftrong Fort, and Coin both Silver, Copper, and Tin, but that Money only pafToth among the EngUfh, and the Villages along the Coalt for two or three teagues about, as 'tis reported. •V^ i Of the Money which the Dutch Coin in the Indies. •; A T Valicate t\-\Q Dutch Com VagodsoiGoM, and 7? Of Cififffy Weights^ 4f$d MedfureSf 335' quarter-piece, makes a Roupie, and 26 i a Pagod, Gaz,ers arefmall Cop- per-pieces, 40 of which go to a Fanon, ^ 0/ the Money in Sumatra. ' THE Money of Gold coined hy'the King of Men/is better than the French Louis in goodncfs , an Ounce being well worth yo Franks ; it weigheih ten Grains , and is worth 16 Sous and 8 De- niers of Fnneb Money ; Another Author faith, that the Coins here are the Catte, which is 8 Tayk, or 6 pound 8 Shillings Sterling, A Tayle is 16 Maffes, or 16 Shillings Sterlk^ ; and a Mafsis 4 Cupany, which is twelve pence Sterling. Their Weight is the Bahar, wliich is 200 Cattes, a Catte is 29 Oun- ces Avoirdufoife Englifli. ^v- .., TH E Commodities natural of Goa are inconfiderable, but in Trade thereis the Commodities of the JW/^/, oi Perfia, Arabia, Chim, &c. viz.. Precious Stones, Gold, Silver, Pearls, Silk, Cotten, Spice?, Drugs, Fruits, Corn, Iron, Steel, &c. The Coins there, are the Pardaus Sberapbin, worth ^00 Rees of Pc:3 tugaly or 4 Shillings 6 pence Englifh. The Pagod of Gold is worth 10 Tango's, and 4 Tanga*s in good Mo- ney is one Pardau, and one Tanga is worth 4^good Ventins^ a Ventin is worth I J Bafaracos, and the Bafaracos is about 2 Rees of Portugal Money. The St. Thomas of Gold is worth 8 Tanga's, and the Pardaus de Reales, is about ^^o Res of Portugal, Their Weight for Spice is the Bahar, which is three Quintals and a half of Portugal Weight , and another for Sugar, Honey, &c, which is called the Maund, which is 12 pound of the aforefaid Weight. Their Meafures for Length are the fame with thofe of Usbgn, Their Meafures for Gi^ins, Rice, &c, is the Medida, 24 whereof is a Maundy and twenty ^Aaunds is a Candel, which is about fourteen Bulhels EngLfh. W ■ all ^ 0/ 'W_ 3J« Of Coins, Wt'iiks, Mi Mufnrtu Of the Coaft of Cormandel. V «>»■.-''. .•'.'• ^-->*^. '^ "" '■) THeir Commodities are Sugars, Pintedoes^ Grains, FruicSj Drugs, Precious Stones, Criftal, &c. Their Coins are the Vagoi of Gold, which is 36 Fanans^ a Fanan is about I d, value, and fo the Psg^i is 9/. but the crue value is 8/. 6d. or thereabouts. s ./. .' Their Weight is the CanJet, which is 20 Mamnts, a Maimd^o Sesri, or 22. Majfes, which is 26 Pound 14 Ounces E^r^//^. ^ V- 0/ Bantham. TH E Commodities are Pepper, Sugar, Pre(erved Ginger, Rice, Honey, &c. as alfo the produft of other places. The Money coined here are only pieces of Copper minted, in the midft whereof is a hole to haug them on a firing, which they call Petties, 1000 whereof are in value about f Shillings Sterling. But the Merchants keep their Accompts by Spanijb Reals of 8, which are currant for all forts of Commodities. Their Weights are the Babar, which is ; Picals, or 569 Pound Er/glijh, the Pical is 100 Catteesj or 132 Pound Englijh ; and a Cattee is 200 5 Ounces EtigLjh. Their Meafure of length is the Covet, that is, one fifth of an Engliflt Yard. . - Their Dry Meafure is a Gantang, which is 21 pound Er/glijh. 0/Siam. - / T HE Commoditiesof5ww are Gotten, Linnen, Wine of Co^/xr, or Indian Nuts, Benjamin, Lac, Calamba, Camphora, Bezar, and Gold. The Coins there are a piece of Gold Coin, which weighs 18 Grains more than the Frer^ch half Piftol, and is worth 10 s. yd. Sterling. The Silver Coin is about the bignefs of a large Hazel-Nut, weighs ; Drachms and a half and 25 Grains , and is worth about 2 Shillings y psncc Stcrlwg. ■ X. ^r Their i Of Cohs, fVeigXitSf Mffd MisfiiMs. jj; Their Weights are the Bahar, which is of two forts, their great Ba- bar is loo Cat tees, a Cattee is 26 TaiUf a 7«i/f is one Ounce and a half of Lisbon. The fmall Babar is alfo zooCattetf a C\;rff i§ 22 r^/Zw, a r<»i/« is an Ounce I of Lisbon Weight. . ''' " •• '• ''• ' T^ !•: 0/ China. THE Commodities are Rice, Wheat, Wool, Cotten, Flax, Silk fAW and wrought into feveral forts of Stuffs, Fruits^ Ho- ney, Wax, Rubarb, China-Roots, Wines, Sugar, Camphire, Musk, Civet, Salt, Gold, Iron, Tin, Seel, Quickfilvcr, Saltpetre, Porcc- laine Difhes, Precious Stones, Rubies, Saphires, Agats, Pearls, &c. They pay their .V)oney by weight, which is denominated by Ta- lents and Meafures. In all the Kingdom of China there is no Money coined eitherOold or Silver; that which they make ufe of in payments is only in Lumps, or pieces of Gold or Silver of divers forms and weights. - * ^ • The pieces of Gold, hyiht Hollanders C2^\Q^iG4ftfcbt^tf is worth 1200 Gilders of Holland J or loi/. ^ s. 5r«r//w/r j the other pieces which v<^cighs but half as much, is in value according to its proportion ; an Ounce of this Gold is worth ; /. 3 Jt. Englijh. In Trade every man carrieth about him a pair of Sheers to cut and divide their Money ; as alfo Scales and Weights to weigh it, and to proportion his Money according to the value of the Commodity he buyeth. Their Weights are the Babar, which is faid to differ in feveral places ; but the common Babar of China is 300 Cattees^ a Cattte is i6Tailes, which is about 20 Ounces and ; quartQTS yivoirdupoife ; fo that the Babar is about 190 / Engltjh. There is alfo the Bahar for fmall weight of 200 Cattees, 22 Taile to a Cattee, and SiTaile is one Ounce and a half ^'z;o;r of Cojjuuus, J Of Statilius Roman Palm ^/><»». Palm, or 7 PalmofC^/z/ey 5po 8 c 00 86 n 83 4rf f«1 9w c ■O O a both of the Old and New Law, werti here laid open: That from iience alt Nations of the World, and ail , Axtft 1 / ''k 3:41 ?^ Of ASIA. Arts and Sciences^ had meir firft beginning : We may juftly prefer ic before the orlier parts of the World. It is (cait'd in the Oriental parts of our Continent, and moft part in the temperate Zone, what it hath under the Torru-i being either Veninuh 01 Ips, uhich the Waters and Sea do ffiuch refrefti. It extends from Smtma iq the Wtfty to the fartheft part of Tartaria near J^fjo in the Ea/f, four thoufand and eighr hundred Miles ; and f/om the lowermoft point of Malacca in the Soitth^ to the Streights of TVtt^aii in the Norths it rt»al<;es four thcufand and two hundred Miles of \fi^y to a degree. In this length And breadth we do not compre- hend the Iflands which beVong to /4fia\ which are as great^ as rich, and poffibly as numerous, as in other parts of the Univerfe. W hether it took its Name from ^Jia the Daughter of Oceanus and T/&er*f, Wifeof 7<»f'fr«f, and Mother x)f Prcwiffife^w ; or from ^/w the Son of Atti, a King of Ljdta ; or from jijius the Philolbpher, who gave the haltadtunj to the Trojans ; or from the Vbanecian word /ijja^ fig- ' nifying Medium \ thtft Originations to me are uncertain ; moft cer- . tain it is, that this Name was hrft known to thQGreeks on that Coaft " oppofite to them, after it was given to that part of the Country ex- tending to the Eupbrarts, called ^fia minor, and at laft was communi- ); > cated to all that Oriental Continent. Many are the Religions there followed ; but the Jewi, Mabumetam and Idolaters, fai;i^xceed the Chriftians in number. I dolatry began in I ' t^e time of the Jj/yriam; Judaifm among the Hebrews ; Chriftianifm i in the Holy Land^ butfirft fo caPsdat Antiocby and Mahumetanifiri in , Arabia. • ■ ^''if f Mdbttmdamfm is receivea oy the four principal Nations of A/ia ; t ' thsTurkij /irabiansy Ferfans And Tartars. The Turks g\ve the moft ' liberty, the Arabs are moft fuperftitious, the Terfians are moft rational , arid the Tartars are moft fimple. Some have made feventy and two Seopf. Toward the other Regions of the World, AJta is environed by the Tartarian, Chi- Indian, Verfan and Arabian Seas. wan. The principal Seas within the Country, are the Crir/;5w», ihiEuxine, and the Perfian Sea. The Dead Sea is very fmall in refped of the reft, yec it is famous for being in the Holy Land, The principal Rivers of AJia^ are Euphrates, Tigris, hdw, Ganges, Croceui, Kiang, and Obi- Caucafas and Taurus, fo celebrated by the Ancients, are the higheft Mountains ; b^ut feveral Countries give tiitin feveral otherNames. We find that the Air of Afia is almoft every- where temperate. And if we confider her Gold, or Silver, her Precious Stones, her Drugs, her Spices, her Silks, we may aver it to be the richeft, as well as the moft noble part of the World. Among other of her Produds, we molt efteem the Diamonds ofNarfingue, the Pepper and Ginger of Malabar , thsSiilks of Bengale, the Rubies and Lack of PegUy the Porcelane of Chi- >»^,^the Cinamon of Ceylon ^ the Gold of Surat, the Camphire of Borneo, the" Cloves of the Molucca's, the Nutmegs of Bamla, and the Sandal of Timor, Of the Seven Wonders of the World, there were four in Afia. ; The Temple of Epbefus, the Maufokum in HultcamaJJus, the V.'alls of Babylon, and the Rbodian ColoJJ'us, The Statue of Olympian Jupiter in Europe, The Egyptian Labyrinth, and the Pyramids in Africa, The Afiaticks h«.ve been always a Sofc ind Effeminate People, ex*- cept the Mountainiers and the Tartars, who by their Incurfions perpe- tually vex'd their Neigqbours. Their ( >ats of Arms are nothing like thofe which the Families of Europe bear, being compos d only of the Letters of their Names, to which they add (bm»times the Names of their Predeceflbrs. Their Embaffies, confidering the Piefents they make one to another, are but a kind of Trade and Exchange of Mer- chants, wherein everyone looks after the true value, and foto make his advantage. Afia is in fubjedion to four Potent Monarchs, who a:eableto bring mighty Armies into the Field : The Grand Sigmor, wno refides in Eu- rope, the Sultan of Perfia, the Cham of Tartary, at this day King of Chi' na, and the great Mogul. Belldes thefe, there are feveral great Princes in Georgia, in Arabia, in Tartary, in hidta, and in molt part of. the Ifles. Several Nations alfo maintain their Liberty by living among the Mountains. ^!<>l^,if^ ■:1»v I; #v v-V-'^-^r-' t44 ASIA. As to the Divilion of this part of the World, Tome Authors divide it into Interior and Exterior, in reference to Mount Taurus: By means of which Mountain the Greeks m^kn two grand Parts, the fiift tothe N)fth, the Utter to the South. I fhall firft divide it into TaraFtrfva, and Iflands, The Counrties oi ^heTerra Ftrma toward the H'tft ^ are Ajiatick Turkj y Georgia and yimhia. Toward the middle, Perfiai toward the Norths Tartary; ro the Eafi, Cbim; an -J to the Sou-'>, In- dia ; divided Hkewife into Terra Ftrma, which is the En^pire of the Great Mogul] and into two Feninhlasy one on this fide^^ the other beyond Gtviges^ The Iflands in the Ea/lcrn, or Indiar. Sejs, ( which are the biggeft, the richeft, and more in number than in aiiy other part of the-Wwld ) are the Maldi^s, Ccylov, the Iflands ofScnJe, viz. Sumatra, Borneo^ y/tiuij &C. of J^f'^rf^ the I'hilfpinn^ and the Moluccas. There arefome Ifles appertaining to ^^/«/ in the Meuitaatje.m, as Cyprus and Rbodes'y and others in the Archipelago^ as MattUmo, Sao, Samos, &C. So that Afia now ftands divided in thefe Monarchies or Principal Parts, Viz.. Turhe in Ajpt Georgia Arista Terfia Tartaria China The Empire of the Mogul India within Ganges India without Ganges Whofe chief Cities are \ Aleppo, Cairo, Smirna, Ttfflis, AkazJtke and Cori. Mecca, Medina^ Mocha, Htfpahan, Tauris, Scirof. Surmarcband, Batch, Camul, IPequin, Canton, Hanchew, Agra, Labor, Surrat, I Goa, Calicut, Golconda, i. ^^P*'» Siam, MaJlaca, .r, 1 Oriental Ocean, Japan, Sumatra, Borneo. Iflands in the -^Mediterranean Sea, Cyprus, Rhodes. Archipelago, Meteliino, Scio, Samosy &c jti V. w Mil •i Ruti cJl. &/,. eJi.Me. FJI. CL h LutllK XJio/pA P. PXa^/i 1 ■ ■ ,7 Of ^^mmm mm mmmmmmmmmm^mn . y r,:,' ;;. •■'M^Y."-«icill.\i\ Afia Minor, Mesopotamia, Armenia^ AjJyri.:,'Caldea, or Babylonia, Arabia, Terra SanHa, Syria, &c. But having lately defigned fix Plates, vulgarly called Scriptural Maps, Fir^; Of all the Earth, and how after the Flood it was divided a- niong the Sons of Noah. Sicond, Of Paradife, or the Garden of Eden, with the Countries circumjacent inhabited by the Patriarchs. Third, The 40 years Travel of the Children of IJrael through the Wildernefs. ' fourth, Canaan, or the Holy Land, as it was divided among the 12 Tribes of i/^fJ, and travelled through by our Saviour. .Fi^'th, The TO^els of St. Paul, and other of the Apoltles, in the propagating oi^e Gofpel. ^_ ,# Ir Sixth, ^" 3 Of Turky in J/ia. -s*?- U7 Sixth, yerufalem, as it flojriflied in our Saviour's time. , ;•"; Ifliall therefore here only give you the prefent Stat and View of thofe Coantries, and refer you to my Defer) ption of thofe Maps, which will be a moft compleat Epitomy of the whole Hiilory of thofe Eafiern Countries. It now contains four B(gl^ Villa^o ; '■■>iy ^48 Of Ti^rky m AfiA. ' ' "^ ' Village wiihheapsof ancient Ruines and M< -iiiments of Dcftruftion.' /iMo/,nowone of the Dtfri<»w/x, was famous for the Loves of Hero and Leandery and for the Paffage of Xerxw's prodigious Army over a Bridge of 674 Gallies. Foglia Vecchia, formerly Pbocaa, the Mother oi Mar- feilles ; the firft City which was taken by a formal Siege, by Harpagus Lieutenant to Grand Cyrus. Smirna, Ifmar Turcisylfor Trade by Sea and Land, is the moft celebrated City in the Levant ; hither the TVefiem Fleets are bound, and from hence the faireft Caravans fee out, feated at the Bottom of a Gulph, which is feven Leagues in length, defended with a Caftle or Fort in fuch a part of the Gul{)h, that no Ship can efcape its Command. One of the Seven Churches of^fia* at this day a great City, but not fo great and beautiful as formerly ; here are the Ruines , of the Amphitheatre, where it is faid St. Pol/carp was expofed to fight. with Lions. ^ This City is very populous, wherein is reckoned no lefs than Sixty thoufand Turks, Fifteen thoufand Greeks, Eight thoufand Armemans, Six or feven thoufand Jews, befides European Chrifiians. Smirna is a place of great plenty, the Soil abounding with Oil and Wine. The Sea affords good ftore of Fiih, and Fowl is very cheap. But the Heats are very exceffive in Summer, and would he infuppor- table, were it not for the Breezes that come off the Sea about 10 in the Morning, and continues till the Evening; but the Plague and ma- lignant Fevers that fucceed it, are more deftrucftive. Over the Gate 01 the upper Caftle the Roman Eagles continue ftill Engraved, and a great Head of Stone, by the7«r^j called Coidafa^ which fome think it to be thfe great Amazon Smirna, which gave Name to this City. Ephefus , Efefi Soph. Figena or Fieha Ca(t. Ayafaluck Turcis Ricaut, During theTrojan War, /'//wy tells us it was called Jlopes, then Ortigia, by Lyfimachus Arjinoa; then Morgas, then Ephefus, ^^ Miles from 5mir. »^, and about f Miles from the Sea upon the River Cayfter, another of the 7 Churches of A{ja. Once famous for the Temple of Diana, (aid to be Four hundred twenty five Feet in length , Two hundred and twenty in breadth , fupported with One hundred and twenty feven Marble Pillars Seventy feet high, Two hundred and twenty years a building, feven times fired, the laft time was in the Night that Alex- avder was born. Laodicea, more anciently P/0/^0///, one of the 5even Churches, now forgotten in its Name, and overwhelmed in its Ruines, which are by the Turks called Eskihifar, not far from a place called Dingiz,let,mhZ' bit^d by, (ir«iti,fcated upon the River Ljchu fbyU" of yea Tur the the oth refii onl is a ir d ;/ Of Tufhy inAfU. , 349 TbjUdetpbiaf another of the Seven Churches, by the Turks Alaflur her, or the fair City ; is yet adorned with Twelve Churches which profefs the Cbriflian Faith. *Tis feated on the Rifingof the Moun- tain tmolusy and watred with .the River Tathlm ; And is a place of Trade, being in the Road of the Perfian Caravans. Tbyatiray Akyfar by the Turks, the lad of the Seven Aftan Churches, is a City well inhabited, and of a very confiderable Trade of Cotton- wooli which they fend to Smima. MieropoliSf Seidefcbecbcr Tunis , tefle CrMjJii) ^ Leuncl. Pamhck-kalafs Smitb, Afbiom-CaraJJar Tavern, is feated over againft Landieea, where are now to be feen the Ruins of vaft Fabricks, and the Grotta or Via- toninm of Strab. famous for thofe pedilential Vapours which it per^ fpires. Melaxo Mol. Meleffo aliis, formerly MiUtMtj fent feveral Colonies abroad, and a long time withftood the Kings of Lydia, Halicamaf- futy famous for the Maufoleum built by Queen Artemifiay in memory of Maufolus her Husband. Xanthut^ famous for the ftout Refiftance of its ancient Citizens againfl; Harpagits, Alexander and Brutus^ in all which Sieges theyfuffered all Extremities imaginable. Sattalta^ other- wife Antali, lends its Name to a Gulph hard by. Tarfus, Tarfos Tlin. TarfoEuropisj Terajfa Incolis , Tercis, Turcis Leuncl. once a famous Academ}', Archbiflioprick, and MetripoHtan of C/// the Greeks, who keep Fudling Schools for the Mariners, and other meaner fort of the Peo- ple ; only the Dwellings of the Vice-Confuls are very covenient : BatTavernter (aith, They muft be Men who love Money that accept of thofe Employments; for the Air, like that at Ormusy is fo bad, in ^^ Summer efpecially, that if it doth not kill , yet they* cannot avoid |^^ very dangerous Diftempers : And after fome ftay there, to remove , to a better Air, is to endanger their Lives : But Amij'acra fames. Ml 'ill III 1 -fr '?t Z z .>t'l ■ 1 ■ . 5 now haidly an ordinary Vil^ lags. Moful^ upon the Weft fide of the River Tygris, is encompaifed with Walls of rough Stone, plaiftered over with little pointed Battlements on the top. It hath a Caftle built of Free Stone, arid the Walls are about three Fathom high ; on the Land-fide feparated from the Town by a Ditch five or fix Fathoms broad, and very deep. In the Caftle there are fix large Guns, whereof one is broken, and one is mount- ed ; feveral Field pieces, whereof two mounted. The Tygris here in Sammer is not broader ttian the River Sein in France, but deep and rapid, and in Winter tis as broad again. And here I cannot omit w'lat Tbev^mt affirms of Sanfon's Map of this Countryi vtz,* That belides the mift^kes of Rivers, he hath Xz z made ./4fe>.( 1 I i Ml "mmmmiif n- S$<5 Of Ttir'kj! w Jfith made fo many Faults in the poHtion of Places in their Diftaoccs, as alfo in their Names, that nothing of the Country is true in the KiTjn -.■• '- *'• /••••^ ■••'' --■ ■'•:.•• ' . ■ /'.' Diarheci, taken in general, comjprehends j^rz,erum, the /ijfyris if eld, and Terac the ancient CbaUea, or Bahylotiia, the chief Cities where- of are Babylon and Niniveb, which were heretofore very famous, now altogether ruined : Ni»ix/e-6 jui^ over againft A/o;W, was the Refidence of the King of ^Jfyria, 24 Leagues in Circuit. The voluntary death of 5Wfitela, Vim. or Gavgamela Strab. now near to, if not the fame with Schiahrazur, the Seat of a Turkijh Btgkrbegi Renowned for the ViAory of Alexander the Great againit Darius, killing above 400000 Perfiansy with the lofs of 500 Macedo- fiUfis. There the Caltpbs won the Battel of Maragu , which made thcmMafter^iof aH Ptrfla. And near to Chuy, Selim defeated IJhmael Sephi, who had always been a ViAor before. Babylon lay a fmall day*s Journey from Bagdat, which ftands upon the Tjgm, and is only a heap of Ruins in a place called Fekugia, near to which they (hew the place where ftood the Tower of Babel, famous for the Confufion of Lan- guages. " This Babylon was built by Nimrod, whom fome affirm to be Belui, Semiramii and Nehchadnezz,ar much augmented it : The firft of the two having encompafled it with fuch Walls as were accounted one of the Seven Wonders of tbt fVorld ; and the high and fair Gardens upon the Terras were no lefs admir'd. It was taken by Cyrus, by Darius, hy Alexander the Great, who died there, and by Selemus. The Power and Wealth of Babylon was fo great, that it contributed more to the Grand Cyrus, than the third part of all his Dominions. Next to Babylon, Se- leucia, called Coci&f Sina Alexandria, then Seleucia, from Antiochus the Son of SJucius, teft-e Aiartiano, now Bagdad, or Bagadat ^tefie Sanfone ; was the moft confiderable City in all Afia,zn6 c hen Ctejiphon : Baghdat, or Baga- faim B B»ajamia i Juilali DDAn 5 5>tneon RIRufjen y.|lM,*Mtfie1i-ib idflCCmsiSej' (Pa0e. 3 tut . "■SpAwsJ. V.*... . "■*!«^:! The '*'^.,*^^:^*'^^;.^::^^gj'^^ iMl D I, AND Stcttnttwn %' '"tatx. . ,^r-^. -^.^ /■^"»M jV r^;;i-^/^j:£^-^^.v^w/--V/^ fpohma^. /-,M ■ hlc-ratt ^f-^ , . "mf* V — ^ iVl » •• '^^ *£/i. y.^y-'Ma \ , • ■JMnacH,:..»£„haJJa X^ ^ .- f ^ J.iJJa E Sarcit .'j^^..t ,^ ^..iA.. J"..: y * ~^*'- man !• i' 6%., ^^"iio ^<'"'- jM^ ^,«i siuLk f .Cmauf; a ; ^ \:Bifihti,:..-- . 'Ratnoth Anlel ] • A'aic (J / Miaianite5 Suc^o V*... o Dtbcn fi jMoabites -ia^<:?»TT-3fe,J-'.*r'' ^^-^t V"*^ Mtatia ' ^" A^^- /'!'.'^7l ''JfKcJtfJtk ^^^«r^,-^ T. His Country wasfirft Inhabited by Canaan the ^^x\o\Cham, and called by his Name. He dying, left it to his Eleven Sons, that bore the Name of the Children of Qanat^n, at what time it contained Ji King- 5^K thatb terncc From ibrche cbntai yerujai tht Iin beyonci And th ThePt Ion by back ur Jttis, ; governt with th during and aft( Htrol i< Virtues Family the i^'n Etbmrci ed and vince, ai Cajavy u when x\ long afr the Wa pie and deftioye JfWs wc new Coi but 7«/, »t\d 98 and the the Cap cxii d in Ir. wh 4bou& th^ tu •■-'>S"- ft Kitig^mi, artdjf Satrapet: Divided afctfrwir^s iiito t2 'tribes^ niac bore the Names of the Sohs of Jacob anid Jfrdel, being conquered by Jcjhua, and pofleiTed by the Ifraelites; who for ^86 years were go- verned by Captains and Judges; after that, for 418 years, by King^ From Rihohoaw 10 Tribes revolted, who chole the fugitive Jeroboam iot their King: His SucceiTors were ftiled Kings of Ijratly fo that it then contained two Kingdoms, vtz,. i ft, of J»i^<»i6', whole Regal Seat was Jtruialtfh ; 2d, of / rz.!ry after fet at liberty by Cyrus y and returnedv back under rhe Condud of ZerubbabA, After this, they were called 7#ttj, and the Country Jewry '^ and for about 364 years they were governed by /://-//?ocr * • die: t,'» ^ ' i-/^..i -iSt J ti ■ . 360 O/Turk/ myifidi ^b Keign of Pbocas, the Perjfiant over-ran the whole Ccunti'y otTaU* /Hr/fj inflidine unheard of Tortures on the Patient Chrifiians. No fooner freed from that YokCj but they fuffercd under a greater by the execrable Saracefis, under theCondud of Omar, who were long after expulfed by the Turks, then newly planted in Perjia by Tangrofilix, When the Cbrifitans of the fVefi , for die recovery of the Land, fet forth an Army of ^00000, Godfry of Bol^ne the General, who made thereof an abfolute Conqueft, and was eleded King of Jerufalem, in the 89th year of that Kingdom ; and during the Reign of Guy, the Cbrifiians were utterly driven out and deftroyed by Saladine^ the Egyptian Sultan, who held it until Selytnus the Firft , Emperor of the turks, who in the year ip?- added the Holy Land, together with T.^pt, unto the Ottoman Empire, under whofe Power it now is go- verned by Two Sanz»iacks,\xti^QT the Bafifa of Damajcus, one refiding at Jerufalem, the Other at Naplous. It is now for the moft part inha- bited by Moors and Arabians , thofe polTeffing the Vallies , thefe the Mountains ; fome few Turks, many Greeks, with other Chrifiians of ail Seifts and Nations ; fome Jews, who inherit no part of the Land, but live as Aliens iii their own Country. The Chorographical Divifion of C ANA A N. This Land of Canaan, within Jordan, was divided into five Principal Parts or Provinces, viz, i/, Jewry in the South, where King David's Thione was fet, and the Holy City built, comprehending the Two Tribes of Judab and Benjamin, id, Samaria in the midft, the chief Seat of Ihe Ten Tribes of Ifrael, containing the Tribe of Ephraim, and the half Tribe of Ai^rwf«/.i« Church is Ruled by fourPatriarchs^thechief of which refidesat Etcbmeafen Ric. Ecs-Mia'zifpChar^LCba}is;lee Cbil/e by theTurks, or Ouncb Chilfe from the Three Cburchesy which are there built in a Triangle^ about two or three Leagues from Rivan or Erivan. The chief Places now are Erz,irum, TbeotJoftopolis, P. GtUioj Sinera Mi- Tiadalo^ Azirii aliis, a Frontier Town, and great Thoi"ough-Fare, the Refidence of a Baflia. TheEIoufes are ill built of Wood, without any Order or Proportion, where are fome Remains of Churches. Tavet" nier tells us, That though it be very cold, yet Barley grows there in 40 days, and IVheat in 60. £n.^, after Garifoned by Mufiapha, was taken by Storm, and was lefs of Emirbamz, firft Conteit with the Turk. witn( Cars, Carfe, or Cbarfa Leunc. a large City , but thin Peopled, feated in agood^oil, the Rendezvous of the Grand Signms Army. Adaysjour- ny from KarjAre to be (een the Ruins of a great City called Amkagee, ftrongly fituate in a Marjhy Tav. . * w -..V. plenty of Wine ; not far from this City are to befeen the Ruins of the Ancient Artaxata, the Seat of the Ancient Kingsof/trwfww, n-fe Taverrner: So that Tcflt$ m Georgia QiT\nQX. be the Artaxata of the Ancients, as in our Geographi- cal Dottionanes. Nt^JJiv:}ij, or Nacbavavy the Ncxunnao^ VtcL according to the Opi- nion of the Armenians y is the moft Ancient City of the World, three Leagues fi cm Mount Ararat y the place where No^j/j lived aft (ir he came out of the Aik. There is feen the Ruines of a great Molque, which, they Hiy, was one of the moft ftately Buildings in the World, ' €reded in memory of ^eab 5 burying- place. In In the CanJerattVlaaa^t notfii froo) Nafftvfln, was fought a memo- rable Battel bewixcihtj T«>-4/ and Pafunsy whsre both the Emperors, Seljm and (fmael, were prefent. -.. Kift, the Aremita iHm. Artcwitta Sirab. Artfundita Vtol. is a great City upon the fide of the wide Lake AraJJa, or Arfatiias, now Lake Je l^til}av, feared on the top of a high Mountain, and is the Seat of a Tttr- kij}) Begin- i!(^. BetJiSj by fomc fiid to-be the Tt^ravocerta of Plin. ^ Tic. belongs to a Bey, or Prince of the; Country, who neither acknowlcd;»es the Gr, in wiiich weie flain five Snrzjuicks^ ^600 yaniz^rtes, 2cooo Soldiers, 40 piecesof Cannon taken, and Sv/ymans Serafflio, in which were Beauties he not a little doted on, when Ibra- -6/wBafla was ilrangled by a Mute. Old Julpha or Zuifa was the Ancient Habitation of the ArweniaKs, which Sbi: Abbas c.irricd into l^erfu, and is thought to be the Ariam- mene of the Ancients. Afi-abat, a League from the Aras^ the only»Country that produceth the Ronas Root, whofe ufe is to dye Red, and for which there is a vaft Sale all over T'trfia and India. ■ . . . Marante is famous for the burying place of Noab's Wife. \ Sophiana is more like a Foreft than a City. The Convent of St. S^rpz&f'm near Nakfivaftf was the retiring place of St. MartheWf and St. Bartholomew ^ in the time of their Perfecution ; a noted place for Devotion. . v •». Of Georgia. BEtween the Bl^ck Sea and the Cjfpian, lies Ge r^i^i-^ fb called by the Gnciivi f om the word Gtorgot^ whicli fignifies Hubbandmen : Some would hv/e tliis Name derive it felf from chat of St.Gm^^', the Patron Saint of all the Chriftians of the Greek Church Under the general N^me whereof, we^coniprehend Mingrelia ; Gtirffifi^m, Zmrui^ and Co^r^ania: Piovinces which the ancient Romans could not fubdue by reafort of the ruf; ''nefs of the Mountains, which were known to the Ancients by ihe Nani'; oi Caucajusy made famous by the Fable of Pro^mrbcus. Mmgrtt.^^ v^ith Avogafia, are thfi fame with Cvlcbis , oc little .nore: Famous rot t' is Ar.ours ofjafon and Aledea^ and for the: Conqa'vit of the GoUm lluoe by the Argonautu Gm-- I IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^J^i 1.0 I.I 15 |Z2 2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 j4 •^ 6" — ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MA>'N STREET WEBSTER, NY i4*<«C (716) 872-4503 ) * J'^ WJ>.. f/i ^ mm ^mm 3^ (JfTitrfymJfid. Gurgifan li the dncietlC Iheria ; Zutria anfwers to theancienc Athnia ; and Cmntinia or Careajjia compofech Some part of the jifiatic Sarmatin on the South of Dm. The ancient Kingdom of Cbokbk was notfd fmill as now 'tis rec- koned, whenitexti^aded from the Falus Maotist as far as Iberiay whofe Capital City was alfo fo cailed^ where our Modern Geographers place Fajfo. Th^ Cor ax and i'bafis , famous Rivers in ancient Hiftory, now called CoSurs and /?w»?, ferve for its bounds, in length no Miles, in breadth about 60. It is tiow divided into three parts , viz,. Min- ■gretia, Guriel, and Irrtiretta. Mirtgrelia, Odtjche Ivcol. is a Country full of Hills and Mountains, Vallies and Plains, almoft covered with Woods. The Air is temperate, but very moift and unwholfome, in regard of the extreme wet Wea- ther ; fo that in Summur the moifture of the Earth, being heated by the Sun, caufech frequent Peftilences, and other Difeafes, very dan- gerous to Strangers. It abounds with many Rivers, which fall from the Mountain CMc^/ffx, and diCchargeinto the Black Sea^ viz. CoJours, the Corax of the Ancients. The Tuchtur, which Arrian calls Sigamus. The So€Mm, fuppofed'to be the Terjcen of Jrrien, and the Jba^eris of Ttol The Languty the yi/tolpbus of old The Kelmbel, or Ctbi of Ar- The Cianifcari, Cianeus of the Ancients. The Scbenifcari, or Ri nan. ver Horfe, by the Greeks Htfpus. The jibafcia, or Glgucm of Strabo, the Carles of Arrian, and the Caritus of Ptol, Thefe two Rivers inter- mix with the famous Pba/i^y about 20 Miles from the Sea, The Pbafis, by the Turks Facbsj by the Inhabitants Rme, at the Month is about a Mile and half over. There are feveral fmall Iflands in the Mouth of it, upon the biggeft of which Sultan Morat built a Fortrefs in the Year i^^* when he attempted the Coni|ueft of that Country, the Ruines of which are now to'be feen, but noRemainders ef the Temple efRbea to be feen, which was confecrated to the Wor- {hip of Chrift in the Reign of the Emperor Zetio^ nor any Ruines of the ancient Sebafia, or the famous Colchis, now to be feen. And the City Fa/6, placed where Cbolcis ftood by our late Gecgraphns, is alfo a great miftake, tefie Sir John Cbardm, who was upon the place. The Country produceth little CornorPulfe, the Fruits are moft wild and unwholfome; that which thrives belt istheGrape) of which tbere is great plenty, and the Wine moft excellent, litrong, and a good fiody, pieafing to the Tafte, and comfortable to the Stomach ; fo that if the People knew how to make it rightly, there would be ao better in ^^. ^- -" - ■ '■ • ■ '" ■/ " Their mmmm '■^ QfTurkfw^fisd ^Sf Their uftial Grain is Gom, which is as ftniillas Coriander Seed* i and very much refembles Millet, which isfowed in Spring-time after; the Eune manner as Rice, by making a hole^h the ground with then: Finger, then put in the Grain, and cover it, which produceth a Stalk like to the Sugar-Cane, at the end of which there is an Ear that con- tains above ;oo Grains. This boiled into a Pafte, is the only Bread of all the Inhabitants of the Black Sea, from Pains Maotu round to Tre- Befides this Gom, they have Millet , Rice, Wheat and Barley, which two laft they fow upon the Ground without plowing ; for the Ground is fo foft, that it takes root a foot deep in the Mold, and comes up without any trouble. > ^ ^ > i-r The ordinary Food of the Country is Beef and Pork very plenty, and lb good that the World affords no better. Their Wild-Fowl is good, but fcarce. Their Venifon is the Wild Boar , the Hart, the Stag, the Fallow-Deer and Hare, which are mo(^ excellent. There are Partridges, Pheafants, Quails, and Wild Pigeons in abundance. In the Mountains ofCaucaJus are bred great numbers of Eagles and Pelicans, Hawks, Hobbies, and other Birds of Prey, and other Ihange. Fowl, unknown in our Parts. And the Foref^ produce a number of WildBeafts, asTygers, Lions, Leopards, Wolves and' ChacalSi At^igivitas is a Church with Three Bodies, where they fay St. ^». 4rew preached in that place, and thp Catboliccs once in his life goesc thither to make the Holy Oyl. it. In Minrnlia are neither Cities nor Towns, only two Villages by the Sea-fide. Ifgaour is the chief Port and grand Market of Mmgrelia.. Anarghia is the mofl confiderabie Village built, where flood the anci- ent HeracUa, But all the Houfes are fcatterred up and down in the Country, that you cannot travel a mile, butyoufhall meet with three, or four together. . . r There are about nine or ten Caftles, at the chiefelt whereof, called- Rms, the Prince keeps his Court. *Tis furrounded w*tha flight ftone Wall, and Guarded with a few Cannon, but the reft of the Caftles have none. Sapias is the name of two Churches^, one of which b^ \ongi to the Theatirtes. The Mingreltan Men are endued with all mifchievous Qualities^ there is no wickednefs to which they are not inclined. All Addidled to Thievery, which they make their Study, Employment, Paftime and Glory. AiTadination, Murther, Lying, are efteemed noble; and brave Anions. Drunkennefs, Fornication, Adultery, Bigamy, In^^ ce(^, are Virtues in Mingrtlia, . Other wife gpod Soldiers, well ihaped^, "-- ■-■'•- jj^ % ^■i^^ 36^' ■f.:- OfTufk^h JfH. ride a Horfe well, and hfaft^le their Lance „ with extfaofdinanr dex- teriCV* .^^?:nh^i^ !!^w"yWOf ?tliDiriW >^1jHff;fi^ if*S'* 4j^ The Women of Qualitf 'are very Hahdfome and well ftaped, having^ Features and Glances ^vifiry charming and obliging, nacuraliy fubtle andquicu of Appiehenfion, cxtrenielv civil and eomplementdi, other- wife the moft wicked in th« World ' M.?ugl.ty, perfidious, deceitful, cruel, and impudent ro procure their LovtMs, or to dcDroV them. The Educaiion of Child' en in AltrgrtLa^ is the moft lewd and vici- ous in the world ;' their Fatheisbring them up t6 Thievery, and thek Mothers to Obfcenky. ^ The Inhabitants of CVttM/«f that herder upon Co/ci&i/, are tht Ala- res, whole Countrey" was foimeriy the Northern Frontier of /irmet^ia^ The SuiTTi's, the GJgu'.<, the Ccraacles, by the Turks caWcd CaraCherksy that is the BLrk GmYjIuTK, hy-rnicn of the Fogs and Clouds* that darken ihtirSky, though elfe they are the faireft People in the world. Formerly thty were Chi iftians, and yet retain fonie Relicks and Cu- ftomsof it, but now profefs no Religion, but live by Robbery and Rapine, igyorant of all Arts and Sciences, more rail and portly than other People, furious in their loo'kfs, and their DiipoHtfortsandCou- wge no lefs lavage ; the moft daring Robbers, and moft refolute Af- (aflinfttn the world. ^ '" L .- 1* ^ i > The Nagajen-Tartars for thema^f^Tt: inh-^'-'t the Champaigne land about /^/?r The Country of Curtei is very fmall ^ feparatcd tcom Mitigrelia by the River Pbtifn And in every thing, as to its Nature and the Man- ners of its Inhabitants, it rcfembtes il^w^rf/w, for the^ have the fame Religion, Cuiioms, and ihe fame Inclinations to Lying, Robbery and Murther. Gonieis a large Caftle, Four-fquare built, of hard and rough Stones, of a great bujk, feated upon the Sea- fide; tt hath frur Walls and two Gates, but n j Trenches nor Fortifications; belonging to the Prince of Curiel, diftant from tbajis about four Miles. . Akalzjtkt is a Fortrels, built upon the defcent cf Mount. Cj«w/«/, feated in a hollow place among Hillocks, fortificdwith double Walls, and flanked with Towers, both buill with iJartlercents aftfer'the An- cient manner, defended with a few Gun-., and is the refidejice of a Turkifh Baifa. Adjoining to this Fortrefs is a large Town, corlfifting of about four hundred Houfes , all new , and of a !at^ Ereif^ion, jnh^- >. Of Twtkt i^ :A^4. . , j6# inhabited by Tmkt , Anmrnam^ Georgians , Greekt, Jem and Ciri- Imiretta is called by the Turks, Path^ebeoukj'or Vacbakoutcljotik, the •Little Prince ; is a Country full of Woods and Mountains, but the Valleys are lovely, and the Plains moft pleafant : Here Money is coin- ed, and here are feveral Towns ; but as for the Manners and Cuftoms of. che Inhabitants, they are the fameas in Mingreita. The King hath feur good Caftles, viz.j, 5M» Aieicandrii., Porta Ferrea & Cajpia Porta, of old, now belonging to * ,the pHt/ians ; it is a great Market for Slaves, and is a ftrong wall'd Town, Cud to h^^ built by Alexander the Great. And Tarky, at this / / day under the L uke of Mof^covy. Some Authors tell us of Stranu or Zambanacb, which ariiwers to* Kn^dt'Alhana, of Zitacb, or Gorgora, thought to be the Ancient Getara, or Gagara oiPtolomy, and Cbipeche to be the Ancient Chabala, f Itccuatains the C;Vca(/?.Mi and D age J! an Tar tar si The Circaffian Coon- ,,,/ try is very fertile, producing good ftorc of Fruit and Grain, and aifcr^- good Pafture Ground. The Men arevery Corpulent and Robuftjluve ] ; broad Faces, but not fquare, like the Crirps and Calwucks; of a I'war- If^ * tiiy yellow Complexionjihaving their Heads and Beardsafcer a ftrange ' iQ maimer: a furly ill natur'd People, good Moife-mcn:jrheir Anr.s B b b 2 »,| arc ^1 ■'■C*^' ■mpi HIP im 5?a Of Turk^uf Jlfid^, "^ are a kind of long Bow, which ihev handle with great dexferity.^ Their Won^en are verv fair and lovefy, with black Eyes, well pro- portioned in their Bodies, of a middle Stature. The Dagefian or Dagbefidn Tartars inhabit the Hilly Country, which lies towards the Sea ; the Men are in Shapeand Habit much like the Circas-Tartarj ; their Arms are Bow and Arrows , and a Scimitar : When they ride out, they have Spears and Launces, a Helmet and Target i great Men-ftealers, whidi they fell to the Tttrhs and Perfians. The Dagefian Tartars are fubjec^ to feveral Princes and Lords, who are independantlyibveraign. About Detbent appear the Ruins of a )yall, which, is laid to reach as far as the Eux'mt Sea ; and in many places of the Country appear the: Ruins of many Caftles. Scbamachy^ Sammachi& Suwmapbi, thtCyrcfoJ'is ofTtckCtrcambate^ T^rjtsi Cjfflttb^Arabibusy was once a ftrong place, but in the Wars of the Turk and' Perjiam it was difmantled, and .made an open Village. The Streets are narrow, ijae Buildings low; . itharh a fpadous Market" place or Began , having feveral Shops, and Galleries, rich in MecchaA». djz^s and Manu&dories,Mt mu^fjibje^ to Earthquakes. . ". » ■ ■ UA |, ' .."M i . J ^ t i mi ii' TMM » ' I' l l J miN i m i . » v-.rr-'"..S- .«• ^»' -»'^:^Si^i;':,;^iCp,3li-, ■11. p/- --<• \ "■■yf i> . I - - m ■i:';>v. •^ ^ W 4 •• ,^i>.....,^. 4 «"jJ---' >me ortfiefe Matids hare bcca^rc^ remaEl[able to Afltiquity, ^o«^^ * \^ thers CO us at prefent. The moft remarkable are ; I. TeneJos, Calydna & Leucopbrj/n. Fuji. Phertice & Lyrnejfus Tlihi Tmdo -f • 50^. which produce moft excellent Mttfcadioe Wines andch^p^ftituace' - iieaC'«« ■^;- . ■ : n A "'^ J ?^74 OfrurhymAftM. near the Mouth oF die f^eilVyJ^«/ eppofitc to Troy^ famous for the con- . cealing of the Grecian Navy. 2. Met i lino, Ltibes jtu'Mjt Una ^ of old Antijj'a, Tthf^ia, Maearea, Hemerte, Lafia^ t/Eg)ra & 4. To the Weft of this Ifland lies PJyra, a (mall Ifland now called P/ and five Churches ; a place of great Trade to (ea, and yet their ^ort is fo unfafo) that they are forced to load their Veflels amore, and fo launch them off. Nor mu(^ I forget the SamUn VefTels, fovereign for diverrufes in Phyfick and Chirurgery. Between Nicaria and Samos, lie the noted Rocks once called MeUn- tbiii now Fornoli. 7. Vatbmtsy Palmofa, Soph, & Bt I. now Pat ifio , by Georgefifies, 36 Miles in compafs. - • Once famous for the Refidence of that great Apoftle St. Jch», and for thofe wonderful Revelations which that Evangelift had there, du- ring his Banifhment in the time of the Perfecucion undGr Domitiatf, which to him indeed was Afocalypfey but to all others Apocrypha, The Port called Scala on the Weft fid6 towards Naxos, is the beft of all in the Archipelago^ near which fs a Rock of a great heighth, cal- led SjnopSf from the Magician in St. Jobni days. The Ifland is well ftored with Vines, Fig-Trees, Lemon and Orange Trees and Corn, but all fubjed to the Robbery of Py rates, as well Chrifiians asMabe' mttans ; fo that Poverty is their belt Prote/p^i^iof Brafs, accounted one of the Se'ven Winders of the World y faid to be fo Cubits in heighth, every Finger as great as an ordinary Statue, and the Thumb too gieat to be fathomed, msAfiby Charetes of Lindus, It was 12 years a making, and 66 years afterwards thrown down by an £arthquak€*| 900 Ca- mels ■f« • ^"i^^^itPliP'vmiiiHilin! mmmtf^mfm^^ HFffipW!^ ^mim Z^6 ; Of fitrfy m Afid» mels were taden with the Bralt which was ufed about ic to faftenatiS hold faft the St,ones. The Town or City is well fortified with a trebblc Wall, and five IVrong Fortrefles, embracing a moft fafe and admirable Haven, given to the Knights of Sr. J»bn J9 AcrtfOX Jerujahm, by Emanuel the Greek. Bmperor in the year i;o8. but in the year 1^22. after it had been defended agaioft the Infidels 214 years, ic was taken by Solyman the Great i aAd after fix Months Siege it was furrendred. HSerius being the great Mafter, to. the general diflionour of the.Ch 'ftian Princes in 3ieir .tardy Succors. 1;. Cyprui, oi old Crypta, or Ojpton. Vtollt was alfd called C*rtf/«r^ Cithin& Cetiwat'then JruafbHfia, Paphia, SaUmiuity Macaria, Cttke" reo, Acbamantist Ajperia, CoHinU & Eroja, It is in circuit, according . to StrMb. 4317 Miles. To Vlin. ; 7 f . From the Rocky fliorc of CUicia 60 Miles, and from the Coaft of Syria 100. During the Empire of ihe Verftam and Macedonians ^xi contained nine Kingdoms : but by VtoL divided into four parts,Stf/w/»<», Amatbufia, Lapatbta, and Papbia, (6 nam-d of their principal Cities. I. Salamii Ptol, Salamim Vlin, was built "by Teucer, when banifhed by his Father Ttlamm. ^• Afterwards called Conftantia Stefb. hvit deftroyedby the Jewfin the days of the Emperor rr<»;4». ., And laftly, by the Saracens in the Reign of Reraditu's, from the Ruines whereof the Hamacojtas, Fama Augitj^a, now Fatnag«(ta wascre- a«d by King Cufta^ the Father of Qieen#r«/i64riw,fjimousin Storv for the Unfortunate Valour of the yienetians, -under the Command of Sig- uier BragraMne, againft the furious Aflaaks of the Army of Sefynsus II. conduAed by Mufiapbaj, who caufedthem all to be murthered but the « 0/ O/^/. 5,^ Vhrurium Promont. now Bianco, is the place from whence they werb thrown that but prefumed to (ouch Jpollo*s Altar in the adjoining^ Grove. Paphos Nova, PtoL NeapapbosyPlin.PaUpaphos, Strab,& ^itl", .Pa» • fbyum Poly b. now Baffo, or Bapho, built by ^gapenor, five .i.^esfrom the old Papboj, faid by Ovid to be built by the Son of Pifmtlion, by. his Ivory Statue J fuch, faid to-be, in regardof her Bf.r uiy. Others ■ fay it was built by Cyneras, Father and Grandfather to Morfis , wha having fworn to aial* MeneUus with jo Ships , fent him only one, vvith the M . -lels of the other in Clay to colour his. Perjury. - Both places famous for the Worfliip olVenus^ and the Sacrifices which her. Votaries of both Sexes did perform in their natural Nakednefs : But her Temples were razed to the ground by the proci^rement of St. Bar-^ naby, not only here, but throughout the Ifland. Eaft wards of Capo St. Pifano, formerly Pro.Acamas, was the City . Arfinoe, now Le fear e, LufigyOt Cr'tfoca &. Ak^'endrctta, renowned for the Groves of J'^P'^'*- This Iflandboaftsof the Births ofJfclapiaJes, Solon, ZenothQ Stoick, , ApoUonius and Zenophen, . A Country abounding withal! things necef- fary for Life, and therefore called ^/W^cam,; and afforded matter to. build a Ship from the bottom of the Keel, to the top of her Top- gallant, and to furnifh her with Tackle and Munition. In Summer exceeding hot and unhealthy, annoyed with Serpents. The Brooks, for Rivers it hath none, are often exhaufted by the Sun, and for 56 years„ in the time o{ ConfiaKtine, it never rained. It was firft pof-. feflcdby the Sons of Japbet, paid Tribute tolWz Eyjptain A mafis^con'. quered by BduSf and governed by the Pofterity of Teuary until Cyrm. expulfed the nine Kings that there ruled. After the Greciavs repoflTeft. : the Sovereignty, and kept it until the death of N/f^c/^j; th^inirfellun-. der the Government of the Ptolemy's; then the Wealth of it allured. " and C c c ' ' ber . the KoWiins to giake i Conqueft of it j reftored to CUopatra, C 2 ,!>;■ .<,^>*, the Emerald and Turky^ Thus having defcribed the chief places of the Ottoman Empire,I /hall alfo givea fiiort account of their Government, Policy, Religion, &c. In order whereunto, we need not fo much regard their firft com- ing out of Scythia, Anno ^yj, nor when they feized on Armenia Major, giving it the t^ame of Turcomania, Anno 844. nor when Trangrolipix overthrew the Perjian Sultan, 1030. nor yet when Cutlu Mofes revolt- ed from him, and niadea diftindl Kingdom in Arabia : But whenO/- toman, by ftrange Fortunes, and from fmall beginnings, fwallowed up the other Families into the Ogu/tanTribe, and united them i-ito one Head, Anno 1300. from thence muft we deduce the firft Founda- tion of the Ottoman Empire: They had then no Government but what was Martial and Arbitrary in the higheft degree; wherefore it is not ftrange, if their Laws are Severe, their Juftice Ri^or, their Govern- ment Tyranny : That their Emperor (hould be ablolute, uncontroula- blcj whofe Speeches may be irrational, and yet Laws J whofe Ai^ions '■''^ . r..- ' irregular. j»;.'.'T(»tk,- - u .m *-"€itj. Of Tmhy in Jfid. ^79 irregu!ar, and yet examples j whofs Sentences and jQcfgrnents, tho corrupt and inconfidsrate, yet are irrefifrible. Decrees. So that when one refleds on the fmall reward for Vertue, and no punifhment for thriving Vice j how men are raifed by Flattery , Chance, and the fole Favour of the Prince, to the weightieft and moft ho- nourable Charges of the Empire, without any previous deferts, or ex- perience of Parts or Abilities : When one confiders, that one Frown of their Prince cuts them ofT, that th^ir Treaf^re is their Snare, and their Riches will inevitably effedl their Ruine, though they have all the Arguments of Faithfulnefs and Honefty ; one might admire the long continuance of this vaft Empire, and wonder at the encceafe of its Dominions. But that which cements all Breeches, and cures the greateft Difor- ** derSjv is the quicknefs and feverity cf their Juftice, which makes evert v Crime relating to Government, equal, and puniflies ic with the latt and extreamelr punifhment, Death. And to die by the Hand, or Command of the Grand Simory with an entire Refignation, is ac- counted thehigheft point ofMartrydom, the greateft reward of Faith- fulnefi, and the confummation of all Honour. Otherwife this great Body wouldburft with the Poyfon of its own ill Humors, and fpiead '■■ into ruinous DiviHbns. The Youth, that are defigned for the great Offices of the Empire, arecalled by the Turks Jcboglansy whichare of Chriftian Parents, taken ^ in. the War, or pcefented &om remote Parts, fo that they have no o- - ther Relations nor Dependencies ; no other Intereft ta ferve, belides that of their Great Mafter, to whom they are taught by Education, and compeird by neceflity, to be faithful : And indeed they are the beft adapted Inftruments for fuch a Tyrannic Prince, whom he can . raife without envy, and deftroy without danger. Their chiefeft ftudies and learning is in Reading and Writing, being - inftruded in the Arabian Tongue, wherein the Secrets and Treafure of their Religion and Laws are contained, efpecially the Alcoran. The . more Polite and Ingenious learn the Fer/?Fe, with wliich they bufie themfelves in Prophefies of ktiire Contingencies in the Affairs of the Empire: As for Geography, the wifeft and greateft amongft them have not the lead inrpedioa into ic, C c c z . nor .- ' * ,. VHP 'v-A- ■^'V»>*''''' ^, 380- of i^urky h Afid. * ' nor durft their Seamen heretofore venture beyond fight of Land, ha- ving little knowledge of the Art of Navigation, until fome improve- ment, which of late they have made therein : As for Hiftory or Chro- nology, they underftand fo little, that the moft Learne-fl affirm Job to be a Judge in Solomons Court, and that Alexander the Great was Gene- ral of his Armies. The Vifter Az.em, or Prime Vijier, whofe great Office of Charge and Truft, as it is the higheft, fo it is the neareft to Jove's Thunderbolt, and moft expofed to Envy and Deftrudion. It being-the Policy of the great Princes of the Eaft to conftitute one on whom all the blame of mifcarriages in Government might be thrown, whilft^hey with the more freedom enjoy theirSoftnels and Luxury. This great Minifter, '*. as he is the Reprefentative of the Grand Signior, becaufe to him all the power of the Sultan is immediately devolved 5 fo he is the Head or Mouth of the Law ; and to him are all Appeals made, and his State and Greatnefs lives in the Honour of him whom hereprefentsjand his Power, in refpeft of his Inferiors, is as ample as his Matter's who gives it him. Next to this Viper Azem, are the feveral Beglerhegs, which are fo many general Governments, upon which depend feveral Sangi- acks or Provinces; there being in Turkic about 50 Beglerbegs, whereof 22 are //«'/, that is, fuch as have their Revenue allotted them in the places that they govern, colle«aed by their own Officers according to Commiffion : Of which the firft is Kiotai, or Cboutaja of Anatolia, t he yearly Revenue of which is a Million of Ajfers, ana hath under its Ju- rifdi(%ion 14 Sangiacks, and the Command of 22 Caftles. The 2d is at Cogni, or Iconium in Caramania, whofe Revenue is 660074 Afpersy and contains 7 Savgiacks, and lo Caftles. The 3d Diarbeker, or San-- giar, whofe Revenue is a Million 200660 Afpers, and hath 19 San- giacksy of which a 1 1 are properly belonging to the 0//ow«« Royalties, and arc Curaian Countries, called Hukenmet, or SalineyV/hkh haveno Lords or Timariots to command them, but are abfolute Mafters of their own Eftates. The.4th is Sehantf or Damas, whofe Revenuels a Milli- on of Afpers y and hath 7 Sangiacks, and 5* Sangiacks Saline, The yth is Sivfas in Armenia^ which hath 900000 Afpers Revenue, and 6 San- giacks, and 19 Caftles. The 6th is that of Erzerum, on the Confines of Georgia, which hath a Revenue of a Million 200660 Afpers, and contains ii Sangiacks, &n6 12 Caftles. The 7th is the Government of IVan or Van in Media , of a Million 132209 Afpers , and hath 14 Sangiacks. The 8th is Tehilder, on the Confines of Georgia, with a Revenue of 925:000 Afpers, and 9 Sangiacks. The 9th is the Go- vernment of Sdeberezurm Affyria, which hath a Million of Afpers, and ^': - '' ■ ' • ■ . 20 San- / t Of Turky in Aftn. }8i 20 Sangiacks. The loth is Halep , or yileppty which hath 877772 Afperj, and commands 7 Sangiacksy and two in which are no Timariots. The I ith is Marafcb, near the River Euphrates, being a Revenue of 6284^0 AfperSf itid commitids ^ Safigiacks. The 1 2th is the Go< vernment of Cyprus, or Kibros, allowed a Revenue of 5*006 fo Afpers^ and commands 7 Sangiacks , 4 with Has, and ; with Saline , and 14 Caftles. The 13 th is Tripoly of Syria, or Tarabolas Scham, hath a Revenue of 800000 Afpers, and 4 Sangiacks. The 14th is Trahiz.ond, formerly the Imperial Sat of the Comneni, Tea ted on the £f, the iSth^i'is^. that of Romuliis the moft honourable ; the Seat of the Pafca, or £<7/]E>4 , is at Sophia , it hath a Million and loocoo Afpers yearly Revenue , commands 24 Sangiacks, whereof Adorea was one, tho now made part of the Revenue ofthe Queen- Mother. The 19 th , is the charge of the Kupu^an, or General of the ffbite Seas, whofe Re- venue is 88 f 000 Afpers; he is Admiral of the 7«r/fe//fc Fleet, ard com- mands i; Sangiacks, whofe ReHdence is ac Galipoli. The 20(h is that of Buda i:; Hungary, it commands 21 Sangiacks. The 21ft is that of Temepwaer, and hath 7 Sangiacks. The 22d is that of J5fl/»<7, now c^iWedi Sclavonia, which commands 8 5«>srj^fVc/^/. Thofethat are with Salary, or paid out of the Grand Sigpior's Treafury, are firft, that of Grand Cairo, or Mijir, who hath a Revenue of 600000 Scheriffs, or Ze- f i&i»x, a year, and commands 16 Sangiacks, befidesas much is the Tri- bute paid the Grand Signior, and another Sum of 600000 Zecbir.s year- ly goes to the Payment of the Turks. The id is the Government of Bagdet, or Babylon, which hath a Revenue of a Million and 7000C0 A^ers, and commands 22 Sahgiacks. The 3d is that of Timen in Ara^ bia Felix, whofe place of Refidence is Aden, upon the Red Sea,v/h.\(:\i is now under the power of the Arabians. As is alio the Governn.ent of Habelcb, upon the Confines of the Abajfmes, now wholiy loft to the Turks. And the Government of ^o/rrf, or Btt//4», towacdsthc Mouth of the Niepery and the Kingdomiof Zihit an d Zidaty m Arabia th* Happy. All which ioa^ be feeain the Jbllowipg Map. 5^. So ^ in Itfs than 300 Yeari, the7t»nls have made Coni^iiefts in Euroft^Afiat and Afrita^ as confiderable asthofeof the Romans^ who 5>ent 8yo e're they acconiplifti'd theirs. The delightful Fields of Afia, the pleafant Plains of Greece^ the Plenty of Egypt, the Fruitfulncfs of the N//^, the Luxury of Corinth^ the Subftanceof PekpoHttefm, Letmos, Scio, with other Iflesof the Ege- an Sea, the Spices of Arahia^ the Riches of great part of Vtrfia and Georgia, all Armenia and Ajjyria, the Provinces of y^//<« Minor, the Coun- tries of 5yrw, VaUftine and Pbanicia , the Principalities of Moldavia,, Valackia, Romania, Bulgaria, Servia, and the heft part of Hungarid, concur altogether to fatisfy the Appetite of this Turkipt Sultan j In all the Extent of this vaft Territory, the Lands and Houfe's, as wfeU ^s the Ca- ftles and Arms, being all his, and at his fole Difpofa) and Gift ; only CO l^ands dedicated to Religious Ufes hedifclaims all Right., and will not ( to thcvfliame of our Sectaries) violate the Penetralta of the San* .?d Ruine ; whac knots of Argument he could not untie, he cut, and mac^e his Spiritual Power as Targe as his Temporal. Yet to'^/'irds h'rroHowers, he rendred his Precepts eafie and pleafant, acceptable to the Fancy and Appetite, as well as to the Capacity of the Vulgar : Reprefenting Heaven to them, not in a fpiri- tual manner, or Delights unexpredible, and Ravifliments known on- , ly in part to illuminate Souls; but with grofs Conception of the Beau- ty of Women, of the Duration of one A .- ^■pppw^w^^ -t;-^- V. 388 Of Arahia, . . ; ■ r , Tliey fit at Meals upon their Hceb ,• and the oldeft among them* wears the richeft Habit, and the moft gay Colours. Their prede- ceffors forbad Building, and Tilling their Lands ^ alledging, that were but to invite Enemies to invade , and make them a Prey to enjoy it. The Succeffion of the Kingdom belongs to that Noble Pcrfoit who was firft born after the King was proclaimed. And, indeed, to compare the Manners and maxims of the Jfiatkks and Etirofeam to--' gether, we may fay. That thQ Art^Umi arc lik& the Jir .1. [' ■ . > Tory Or El Tor, Upon the Red Sea y is a pittiful Haven, defended by a Four-fquare Caftle ^ near to it are found Champignons, petrifedvbite ' Coral y Seal-skins ySmall Oyfiersy and fometimes Sea-Monfiers Hke men. They report that this was the Haven Ez,ion Geber, (rom which Solomon fent hisShips for 0^/6/>.Mount Hmb and Sinai are famous in Scripture, Arabia i?f ih. ^M mm mmm PP Of ArahU, 389 ' "i 'Atahla the Defer t, or Seriara , is a pUkce almoft quite deiiitiite of Water ,* or if there b« any Welis , the Watet- is for little fervice. Jna upon- the Euphrates ( the place where the Gr^w^ Seigniors Tri- bute is paid '3 as the Lord of the Country) is the beft place in it. There is one King in jirahia that has a moving and portative City, that is to fay, it confifts in Tents, which he can command them to carry where he pleafes. Sumifcafae is thought to be the aiKicrit Sa- bay whence the Magi fet forth to adore Chrift, and the Qucitn t© y{(\Z Solomon, . . '.) - . ; But Sir Thomas Herbert tells us^ That, after the Flood, NimrodSo-^ vereignizing at Babylon , his Brother Havilah feated his Colony in Sufianaj Seba, Raamah , tand Sahbata^ in Arabia. Seha or Sheba ^ed on the Weftern Coaft adjacent to the Red Sea , where he built a City after his own Name, fropi whence the Queen caroe that vifn ted 5o/owo», as he fuppofdth.j ' u ThuxSab^ta planted the South-part oi Arabia ,• and Raamah , or. Rhegma, on the North-eaft part towards Balfera , where they built Cities after their Names, mention'd Ezek, 27. In thefo^parts was the Wildertiels where the Children of Ifracl wandered 40 years. Here Mofes eftabliflied Ecclefiaftical and Po- litical Laws. Here was the burning Bufh , the Water-bearing Rock , the Mountains of 5/«« and Horeb , and Mount Hor where. Aaron died: The HappfArabia^ Hyaman or AimaryGemen or GiamenTurcis^Mar- motta, Sarraceni* ; Sabaa, Plin. carries that Narpe, as being a more: fruitful Soil than either of the two. It breeds excellent Horfis^Man^ na, Cinnamon, Myrrhe, Balfam , Benjamin , Incenfe , and other Per-* fumes,* fo tha.t ii Aromatick Gmns ^ Succulent Fruits , Fragf Flowers J and fuch fort of Delicacies pleafe thy fenfe, fay, Arabia is. the Phanix of the Eafi, and with Danaus, The Efttome of Delizht, and. with St. Aufiin, Paradife. The Air is temperate and healthful. Tlie. Country enriched with pleafant. Streams and Fountains , whofe: Waters are Medicinal. Aden is a Town gf great Trade, ftanding in « little Peninfula, at: the foot of a Mountain guarded with two Caftles towards the Norths and a fmall Fortrefs at the Entry into the Haven. The Portuguefes^ , when they firft fettled themfelves in the J»«^iw,,had a defign to niaka themfclves Mafters of this City;, as alfo o£Ormus and Malacoa, But the Turk prevented them from taking Aden, the King whereof they . hung at the Yards-Armof the Admiral's Gaily. Since which, fomet; * other Revolutions have happen'd, fo that the Natives of the Coun- try have again difpoifeffed the Turks, Mwtd and Medim are famous for. ,^-' V •l, 390 Of AiniiA^ • ^ for the Pilgrimages of the Mahomttam : For which they that make them, are in high efteem among the reft. They go j^articularly to Mecca, to pay their Devotions to a Fourrfquare Houle, which they call Tie Houfi afhod, and pretend the fame to have been built by Abraham. This City, containing about 6000 Houfcs, ftands about a days Journey from the Red Sea, being the place where Mahomet wasDorn, whofc Body was afterwards tranflated to A/tf^/iw*, upon the ^{{cox^i^y oi Albuquerque the Fonuiuefes defign to have furpri- zed the Port of Ziden, otherwife Giddcy widi an intention to have carried away that Muhometan Relique. The Country about Mecca produceth abundance of that fortofBerry,of which Cojfeeis made. Kufa, or Kalufa the Holy City, callecl Rafiack when walled by Otnify the Burial place oiMmis-Ali , Saint, Kin^ and Prophet of the Verfiant, ; > > Medina is three days Journy from the Red Sea the burying place oi Mahomet y as the Turks pretend. The Sepulchre or Tomb where- in Mahomet lieth,is encloled within an iron Grate and covered with Green Velvet, which is every year made new, and fent by the GrW Seignior, t\iQ old one being by the Prieftscut in little pie;pes,and fold at great Rates, as Reliques, to the Pilgrims. In the. Temple where this Tomb is placed, there are faid to be 2000 Laiftps of Gold and Silver,wherein is Ballam,and other Rich Oaours,Ointments and Oils continually kept burning. They would impofe it for a Mirac!e,that his Tomb fhould hang in the Air by means of the Loadttone: But befides that there is no fuch thing,were it true, there were no won- der in it; For Democr'ates the Athenian ^y the Order ofPtolome^ King of Egypt , undertook to make the Statue ofArJinoe all of Iron, and to hang it up in the fame manner. And in the Temple of Serapis in Alexandria, there was an Iron Sun that hung in the Air by the force of a toadftone, being a rare piece of Workmanfliip. The Prince of Mecca ^ called Sultan Sheriff, is one of the moft po- tent Princes in all Arabia : His refidence is ufually at Ahnacharana^ feated on the top of an high Mountain of difficult accefs. Sanaa is one ^t the greateft, faireP-, and ftrongeft Towns of Ara' bia, adorned with Vineyards, Meadows and Gardens. Dafar is one of the chief Ports upon the Red Sea, next to 2ibit, near the mouth of the Red Sea, which is Fair, Rich, and of great Trade for Drugs, Spicer, Verfimes, &c.Oncethe Refidence of a Turkiflj JBeglerbeg; before that,th£ Seat of a King, beheaded by the Turks, slz the fame time when the King of A Jen was hanged at the Yards- Arm of the Admiral's Ship. The Parts ofDolfar and Pefcher ire moft renowned .> - .' •^'^,. W/rf. 39t renowned on the South-CoaftforFrankincenfe. ThcCrinJ Signiffr. the Verjian Sophi, and other Mshometan Monarchs , oft-times fend himPrefenesjandthe firft allows him alfo feme part of the Revenue of Egypt becaufe he is of the Race of Mabormty and to oblige him to be kind to the Pilgrim Turks, Fartach, a Kingdom and City near the Sea^ CaMem, Guheihamah Alibinaliy AmahzAridiny Masfatey Mafcalaty and yemen, are fo many Siiltanies or petty Kingdoms in the Happy Arabia : MitfcatCy or Maf^ c/ttfyifytiot f&r from Raz^lgate, Coradanmnftol.Macm Amiamy thought CO be Rhngumay Rhegma of Pt§l. the Raamah of Kx>ek. 27. 22. for- merly belonging to the Portuguefe yha^y for a long time,, all the Tt-ade of the Indies to Meccay through the conveniencyof the Cities ii/f<»r//; or the'ancient Gtrra, which communicates its name to the Verfinn Gulph, and Lah[a^ or Lax»avch, Sobsr m the Eaftern part had alfb formerly the Trade, but fince the fame hath been tranflated to Or- fnus and Gomhron, Mocha upon the ked Sea is an open City, indif- ferently well built , and fortified with a fmall Caftle. In it there live Jfwsy "Perjiansy Armenians y hdiansy and Banians : So that it is a Town of great Commerce ,• and there it is, that all the Pilgrims land that come from the halts to Mecca. It hath alfo much increa- fed in Riches ana iv mte, in regard that the Veffels that come from Sues to, Aden, rather chule to unlade there, to avoid the dangerous paiT^ges of Babel'Mandel, Diedori hfula, Arriam. tefie Rhamtffio, 1 ( / r,'t„:\..U '^u/.-V-." •• \ ', , Ml- IT > '•' ' . } 1 1 ■■:♦■■. 4., Of r ; ■%■- ^.*5^.V..- ^■■Pi ^9^ .r.ia ./•'■« xo' h:i . Vjr,-.:! ' 'Hi -^ - * i Persia THE Jungdom or Empire of Pff/^, is at prefent one of the greateftand moft famous o{ Afia ^ yet is but a part of the ancient Empire of the Verfiam ,• for the -^^Jr/Vw Monarchy contained all "^M^PHMMMaanniHiiiSm^ rm %n 'n- alt that whi::h both TmrkssiA Vetfim^x this day poiTers in that part of the World : And beginning under I^kj^ lansa 1 3 or 1400 years, ending in that Notorious and effeminate Epicure, SardMiafalut, After which it was divided into that of the Mides and Bahioniatis, who continued it lefs than 300 Years. Then the Perjims made them* felves Matters of it during 200 and odd Years, under CyrMs Son of Camhyfes, Son of Cyrus, Son of Dmus, Son of Achamenes . Son of Ferfis jWhOy laith I/idore, gave Perfia its Name. In Nimrois oays, cal- led Chufa, or Cuth; in CbeJorlaomers, and to Daniel's time, Ehm; sS- terwards Perfia, from Perfius, Son otPerfeus, a Grecian Hero, Son to Jupiter, by Danae the Daughter ofAcrifius, Afterwards called Arfaca^ &om Ar faces the Heroick Parthian. After by the Inhabitants, Arua^ By the Tartars, Corfaca, By the Arabians, Saraednca* By the Turhs^ Azamia and Axmia, Farfi & Farfifian Incolis. The Macedonians and Greeks fucceeded ,* for having Ruined the Empire of the Perfians, they gave a beginning to that of the Maee^ donians : But Alexander the Great held this Empire but few Years, and dying, it was Cantonized out among his Captains,who, taking die Title of Kings, waged War againft each other, till the Remans CA- zed the Weftem, and the Partbians the Oriental part of that Mo- narchy. Thefe Partbians freed themfelves from the R^ile of the Maeedo^ nians 2 ^o years before the Birth of Chrift,4nd reigned neat ^ 00 years. Artaxerxes reftored the Perfian Government 228 Y'cars afterCnrift s Nativity. About the Year 6oy , the Calif h of Bagdat , Omar, or Hopmar, the Third after Mahomet, became Mafter ofit. So thatP«n- fta, after a long uninterrupted Succeffion of 28 Kings ftom Artax- erxes, fets in an eclipfed Cloud, and becomes fettered under the I- ron Yoke of a Saracenick Bondage ^ once garniflied with 22 King- doms , formidable to the Roman Emperors , and Miftrefs of the greateft part ofAfi^. In the Year 1257 or 8, the l^rf^fw exterminated the whole Race of the Caliph of Bagdat. And in the Year 1472. the Turcomans of Armenia got the Kingdom. But about the Year i foj. IJhmael So- fhi once more re-eftabliflied the Perfians in the poffefliion of the O- ' riental part of that ancient Empire, which now extends from the Tygris and Euphrates on. the Weft, almoft to the River Indus on the Eaft ^ And from the Perfian Gulph , and the River Ow.i on the North, to thf; Perfian and hdian Seas on the South. But that you may the better underfland the full extent of theDo- minions of this large Kingdom, I fhall give you the true Number of E e € / the ./ W^"H" "•^v. '''N, ■"> 3^ OfPirfa.. -■ - the Provinces of tjie whole Gpntinent of Per/£* , according to the- old and new Defcriptions of fevetal Geographers. And firft the old Names by CW«r^were GedroJia,Cart9tania, Dran- gana^ Aracofia^ 'Parofamtfs, BaHriana^ Margiana, HyreanUfy Aria^ Par- tbiay Verjisy Sufiana, -^JJin^ta^ Media. ; The new Names Sarc, Cufiftan, Elaran, Farfi, Arac, Elfabar^ Diar- gumtnt y Corafotty Sablefiatty Candahory Sigefiaffy Chejimury Kirmarty Goadel, 2. By Baudraity old Names , Media, Hyrcaniay Margianay Affyria parSy Sujianay Partbiay Aria, Paropanifusy Caldeay Perjiay Caramaniay Drangidna, Arachofiay and Gedrofia, The new Names are ServanyGilw, Dikmon, AyrackAgemiy Taher^ efi*ny Gorgiatty Khamus, Churdifiany Corafan, Terack, Cujifian, Farfi, Khtrma>ty Sififian, Macheran, Candahor, and Sahlefian, I. Therefore this Monarch poTeffeth a great par^ of the great Armtma, which we call Tttnomania y efpecially that part which is feated between the two Rivers Kur and Arasy the Cyrus and Araxes of old : This Country is one of the moft beautiful and richeft pie- ces of Land in all Perfiay by the Natives called Iran, or Karabag. 2* Shirvan, or Sciurwaity all along the Ca^ian Sea, part of Media. Atrofatia, 3. The Province Ed^erhaijan, or Azerbeyan ; And thefe two Pro- vinces make up the ancient Mediay Sarch. Clu. 4. Is Kylan, or Guilan, Perfisy whi>*h is the old Hircaniay S,/ava M, Angiol.Diargument MercHyrachJE-rythroeo and comprehends feveral o- ther Provinces, as Mefandrauy Lnbetx,any Refcht and Ketkert 5*. Is Eftarabat , Tabifiran , or Tocharijian , formerly Margiana ,. Jefelbajh Cafi. Tremigan Pinetdy which* extends to the River Oxus, 6. Zagathayy or Sacathay Nig. is- the Province of thtOusbec Tartars or Mauranahary comprehending all the ancient Sogdiana , and part oi B:.S;riana &C. 7. Gorajpin , Semere Merc, is fome ipart of Ba^riana , now BaUer Ramuf. Charoffany Cafiald. which alfo comprehends the Province of Heri , or Eri , remarkable for the greateft Trade of any in Perjia, The Aria oioXd. . - ■ 8. Sahlefian , {QTmerlyParopamfus, Calcbifitin Cafi. Navagrot. M. P.Ven. 9. The Territories and Cities ofCandahof and Cabuly compre- hend the ancient Aracofisy now belonging to the Mogul, 10. Is Sigifian Marc, formerly Drangiana ; aliis Ilment. II. Is Kirman, or Cbirmain, and Comprehends all the Territories of of the ancient Carmaniahor Atiing upon the Indian S>ciy containing the Province of , , 1 2 . Makeran, v/hcrdn is Circan^'Patan^ and the Province oiDulcinda, 13. Cujifian Mind, Chits Merc, whidh was heretofore called Sufiana, 14^ Is Hieracky or ErackAgemi^ the Ancient Varthla, Nig. Charef- fen J and lies in the midft of all Verjia , Arach Merc, & Minad. Texdi Alph. Hadr. Corafan, Nigro. I J". Is Farsj ( which Laet calls Fare ) Farjiftan Merc, and is the ancient Terjiay whereof Perfepolii was the chiet City. 16. Is Diarhcky Merc. Az^mia Bel. (oimQrly Mefopotamia, between Euphrates and Tygris. 'r;., ; i ■ -V . 17. Is Curdifian, or Arzerum, formerly -Ajjjria, expending all along the Eaft-fide of the River Tygris ^ from the Lake Van, to the Frontiers of Bagdat. 18. Is Terach, or Hierack-Arabi , otherwife the Country oi Baby- lon, or Chaldea. Thefe three ^aft Countries being moft now under the Turkijh power^ we have already difcourfed thereof. The Government of Perfia'is Defpotick, or abfolutely Arbirrary, the King having the fole power of Life and Death over all^iisSub- jeds^without any Tryals, or Law-proceedings. Nor is there any So- vereign in the World more Abfolute than He; yet, in the exercife thereof it is faid to be gentle and eafie, fupportaole both to Perjiam and Strangers. And for the Laws of Hofpitaiity, they are fo ftriftly obferved, that the King will have all Strangers to be his Guefts. The general Title given to the King oiTerfia is that oiShuy though the Vulgar call him by the Name of the Sophi,v/\\\Qh is a proper Name. The Ferjians had ever a very great Veneration for their Sovereign. And,at this day, they believe it to be a greater AfTeveration to fwear by the Name of their King , than by the Name of their God, perhaps out of the fame belief with thofc of Achem in Sumatra^-who hy, that God is far off , but the King is near at hand. The Wealth of this King is very vaft, as appear'dby theTreafure which Alexander ^OMn^ in the Coffers 01 Darius. And to defcend towards our Times, Sha SophiyOtiQ of their laft Kings, had no lefs than 7400 Marbesoi Gold- Plate for the ordinary Service of his Court. The King deceafmg, the Eldeft Son afcends the Throne, whilft his Brothers are kept in the Haram , and their Eyes put out ,• and oi "centimes the Children of the King's Brothers and Sifters alfo, to avoid Competition for the Sovereignty, and Rebellion. The State oi'PerJia is diftinguilhed , like moft of the European States, into three Bodies. Eee 2 / The , t -^'■ ^■*\ V. 396 ^ Of Ftrfia. The firft of the Sword, which anfiuFcrs to the Nobflfty. The fecond is that of the Gown, which anfwers to the Law and Religion. / The third i:i compofed Of Merchants, Handicraftfmen^ and La- bourers. The Afbemat DouUt is the Prime \finifter in Temporals, the St- ire in fpirituals, whofe Oflices are much the fame with the Grand Vijkrs and the Mtfii in Turfy. The greateft part of the Lands in Perjta belong to the King and are farmed by private perfons j the reft are meafured. and pay fo much a meafure. The King hath alfo a vail Income by Merchan- difes that pay Cuftom and Toll. The Commerce of this mighty Empire confiftsin Trade of the Country^ and Foreign Traffick. The Country Trade is in the hands otPerfians and Jews. The Foreign Trade is in the hands of the Jrmeniatuy who are Fadors for the King and Noblemen. Their Commodities arc curious 5i/(b, exquifi^e Carpets and Ttffues, with other MatufaSures of Gold, Silk and Siher, great quantities of Linnen Cloth of all forts of Colours. Their Sealskins and Coat-skim are tranfported by the Hollanders into hdia and Japan, as ilfo into Mofcwy and Foland. The famous Ronas Root is tranfported over all India, great ftorc of dried Fruits, of Candid ^inees, and BoxesofMar- malet made at Balfera, Fruits pickled in Fenegar, fii/eet Water, Almonds, Raifins, and Purgative Prunes • They vend abundance of their C.-^ 4^0 Of Perfia. Zulpha, or Jeff hey Herh. is a little City, feparated from I^haban by the River S$nderoM , and is a Colony oi ArmenUns , who enjoy Lands and great Priviledgcs. They have i j or 16 Churches and Chappels, anii no Mahometans may live amongft them. Schiras, Sherazz, ^ Perjis, Schirafium Baud. Sheraz, Herh. Siafhas Ben yonaSjXiriat Dm Garcias/Zyroi V^Venet.CirecathaStefh.CyropolfsMuf- laedini-Saddi : A City no lefs ancient than great, according to that Proverb, ^ando Schiras erat Schiras ttmcCairus erat ejus pagusj And is now the Second City for Magnificence in the Per/tan Monarchy, pleaiantly feated at the end oFa fpacious Plain circumvolved M^ith lofty Hills, enriched by Trade, made lovely by Art. The Palaces rife fo amiably, the Mofques and Hummums with their CaeruleanTileSj, and gilded Vanes, among the CyprelTes fo glitter by receding the Sun-beams in a curious fplendor. The Vineyards,Gardens,Cy preffes. Sudatories and Temples, ravidiing the Eye and Smell ; fo that in every part fhe appears fair and delightful. Here Cyrus, the moft excellent of Heathen Princes, was born ; and here his Body (all but his Head, which was fent to Pifagard) lies entombed. Here the Great Macedonian glutted his Avarice and Bacchifm. Here the firft Sybel fung our Saviour's Incarnation j And here a feries of 200 Kings have Iwayed their Scepters. The Government oi Schiras is one of the Higheft Commands for a Subjed, and is particularly famous for the molt excellent AVines in all Perfia. Tavemier tells us. That now it looks rather like a Town half ru- ined, than a City; And that there is a wonderful Well, which is i ^ years rifing to the top, and i ; Years falling or finking to the bottom. Perfefolisy by the Greek and Latin Authors, Elamis by the Perjians and Oriental Niitions,when in its Perfedion was the Metropolis of the World, & TotiusOrhisSplendor,whcn in itsflourifliing conaition, faith jD. Siculmy and ^ Curtim, the Richeft, the Nobleft, and the Lovelieft City under the Sun ; fo beautiful and fo (lately in its Strudure, being moft of Cedar and CyprefsWpod, the Order of Building fo curious and r^ular, as it was in that Age juftly ftiled. Tie Glory tfthe World. The Succefs oiAnticchus Epif banes ax Jerufakm,vfh&Ti he facrilegioul^ iy raviflied ten Tuns ofGold,madehim march toPer/eW/V withan Ar« ^ my, in hopes of getting the greateft Exchequer in the World ^ for tho BaMon and Shujhan were very rich, the one furni/hing the Macedonian ViAor with f 0000 Talents, the other with 9 Millions of Gold, and f 0000 Tdlencs in Bullion; yetinFrj^fsAtrthere was found 120000 Ta- lents, ^i^p imipmpp m kms I or according to 5rr/;fr^cw;&^« delivered it up to i\\e. Great Mogul: But Sha Abbas the Second took it in the Year 16^0 , under wiiofe power it ftill ^ v.'jum';. a ' 4 remains. i> '^-•i^;. *'.: -■'■ • ;,' , T1'.'-;-- V Of \ ' >,i^J^' " ■^.•;f'' SMI or "^yj,:- 407 'i- of Afiatick Tartaria. - f^ „ , if; ->.^ „,.,-i'„-; f-, :» « ■ ^■«>--.')*"- .^■!^; r-'v.i ;,--:;' ;iU:,- 'v-iii'.»~- • T His is the Vafteft Region of our Coiitincnt ; in Bignefsit equals all Eftrepe,an^ contains all thofe great j\nd fpacious Provinces, which Uie Ancients called Ssm , Scythia exm Immmy Scythia intra ;{.:k?a'Ur:^v«^Ji; >« .'}* ^■^■"'■' - -••;■'■- Imaum^ , .♦ 4oS' Of Afiatick Tart aria. t Jmaum^fSuca^Sogdiana, and the greateft part ofSarmatia AJiatka, ex- tending it felf the whole length o^ AJia. If we look back to their Original^we fhall find that they were of all other^the mod Ancient people^ patient in Laboars_, fierce in War, and ftrong of Body,- their Flocks and Herds their greateft Wealthy Silver aiid Gold they contemned as much as ethers coveted it ^ Meum and TwwWjthofe common Barretors and Authors of Debate_,werc not known among them : And the ignorance of Vice did as much con- tribute to their welfare, as the knowledge of Virtue doth to others. , The firft grand attempt of thefe People, of which we find any mentionjV^as when the Chazari, or Choz^ars, in the time of the Em- peror Jufiine^ overfpred all that vaft Continent between China and Borlfihene^j conquered part oi India ^ all Ba&rla, Sogdlana^ and made the Perjians Tributaries, andpoffeffed alfo T^urlca Cherfonefesy called by them CaJJarla, or Caz.arla : The refidence of rheir Prirxe was a^ bout the mouth of the ^o/^^,which the Tartars callei Jthel^ a large City of great trade; by NaJJirEddln, called Belanjar ; and by him :ina Ahlfeda placed, in 46 Deg.30 Min. N. Latitude.which is with- in a few minutes where Olearius makes Jfiracan, and doubtlefs may bathat which he calls old Aftracan. Thefe Cbaz>ari did continue till about Anno Chr. 900. at which time they gave place to thcCofnanianSjOrCumantans, a 7//r^//?j Nation, who inhabited all that TraA of Land from the Nelpcr unto Tiirqueftcin ; thefe were almoft totally deftroyed by the Tartars , foon alter the death o^ Inzis Chan^ or Clngls Chaii^n^ under the condud of Batu or Bathj, Nephew to Hocata the Tartarian Emperor, only the King Ktt~ then efcaped with 40000 men into Ht .^gary ;w\\q,iq they had a Coun- try allbted them, called to this day Campus Cumanus. Bathy having deftroyed the Comanlans , eftabliflied his own Do- * minions, and fixed his abode on the Eaft of the River Volga, and built a place, and called it Serai , which was a great and populous City, the Ruins whereof are now called Cz^rofsgorod. But when Tli-wcr/'^WjWho was Viceroy or General of thofe Coun- tries comprehended between the Oa;«j and 7«x<7>-ff J, had extended his conquefts towards BaUh and Chorafan , (the Aria of the Ancients) Thiwtamlfcb then Emperor of 5cr^i, filled with jealoufics of his grow- ing greatneis, gathered a great Army to invade him, whom Tamer- Lm met on the borders of his own Country, and after a moft bloody fight gained the Vidoryj after which Succefs Tamerlan hosing fub- dued great part of India ^ Verjia, Media Armenia, Mcfcpotamia, Babylo- nia and Syria, refolved to requite the Invafion of ThuHaf.vfh; where- upon with an Army of yooooo Men, he marched through Mtdii, . . ..,•-.. pafTcd i !«*fPWW!^"'!'"WSW^!P""'''*P* of Of AjtatkkTartarU, i0A; pAlTed the Vma QaUcsfn, now (l>€rheif^)y2inA^ ovtT VctgafHtiA THiUft encountred with ThuBami^. The Battel was long and doul»iEfixt| three days without intermiflion; at laft Tbu&amtjh wasde/qitedaJEid* fled, leaving his Country cxpofed to the fury ot his Bnemiet, wlio denioliihed 5er«V,with other Cities on the north and weft oftheC<^, ffian Sea ; and leaving the Country a defcrt, they returned into Per^ fta. After this devaftatioii, thcfs Tartan y}oy difconls, f^ll4ntolcsve~ ral divifions , atid Tamerlan dying, his great Empire was alio divi« ded amongft his Children,* fo that Tartaryvi now divided ihtoieve- ral Hords and Tribes ,* but the knowledge we have of them is fi) lit- tle, the Ata»f or dilagreenient andcpntuiion of Authors that write of them, fo great, that I am no( a little doubtful what to write of them , that may be of any certainty for the Readers (atisfadion ; however in this obfcurity we ftiall follow the lighrof^e beft re- pt v! Geographers, and fay, that tht AJiatkkTartarie is divided fu; .; »e great parts. The Defert Tartarhy Zagathy, Tar^uefan, NtT" than Tartaric^ Sin6. CrimTartarie. . ,,;^:-„., . ,..,.;,., ; - .v., ..-I : The Defitt Tartarie is fo call'd, becaufe moft part of the lahdfs He undird ; for the Tartars are a pepple thsit hate Agriculture , and laugli at Chrlfiians for feeding on the Top of Reeds, For fo they call our Oorn: The Inhabitants are divided into feveral Tribes or Hordes, of which the more conliderable are, i. The Nejagan Tartars ^or great Nago^ J whofe Country is all plain and defert 400 or ;oo nules iii length , between Ajlracan ani Samara , and 200 niiles in breadtk from Aftracan to Teike or laik River ; it hath no tenced Towns or Habitations, though formerly thcrc^wci"e cUvers, efpedally that of Cz,arofsgorcf\ frA to have been 20 miles in Circuit, leated between the River * ^{^iiand JSfahon^in a fertile and healthtul Country: And JJhaccji ] ! v:i^-i on a rifmg ground not far from the mouth of the Volga^ abuL. r "^i^es diftant from the Cajpidn-Sea^ guarded with a ftrong Caftle, j^r^ I encompaffed with Water. Thefe Tartars are faid to be more Tall and Proper than tlie reft, but ill favoured, broad Faces, flat little; Nofts, imall hollow Eyes, and of Blackifli, or rather Tawny Comple^ivm : The heat of the Sun for fome months of the year rsmoft excefUT? , and the CM^ in the Winter po lefs extream. ^ Pol^^ 'amy is mpuch in faihion amoXigft them, having many Wives accor:' .?; to their ability^ if one Brother die, the other takes all his Wives : '>\ i "'f -ill the brothers chance to die, then the Wives are dc- volved,like other Goods and Chaticels,umo the Eldeft Brothers Son,- not fufff ring a Mijrricd woman in any wife to go out of the KincVcA. ':,i Ggg . . Whea P / i . >^ 41^ Of 'jfftmck tartdria. - iN%tn they reriiimihtnr HabitaHiioh^ againft the MMiiftftir anfd'Wih^r, they &rry their Houfes in Waggons with mur Wheels drawn by Camels. f 'a.'OntheKorth of the great Nagoy, (^wt\[thQ Kalmuke Tartarj, in a Co^inti^ ^bounding with all ^:hings neceffary fot a comfortable fub- fiftence:^ JThciriihieFCbmptiodities are S^es,Martens,Black Foxes, S46grtf/9kirtSjart!dothert%Jmg, .-••■■■ --W ^"^1^ 5". irhe Caragam lie all along the C^0ian-Sea, between theiRiver ^iky unto the River laxinrter , a delert and barren Country, the J^eople miferable poor , very Tawny and ill favoured, having no *roWn except Prefslamiet on the South fide of laxartes. .' Moft part of Defert Tartaric is under the Jurildi^ion of the Buke *^'Mdf<^iey and yields hhn great IVore of rich Furs. ; Zagaihy,Sacatby.,TJshtckyOT O^fhtg, contains the ancient Mergia»a, '^aBrla Ahk Sogdiarta I Mergiofra'hyVimtws is c^}keA Tremigkin y by -QafiaU JffSaJI} : A-^Cotrntry' lb ffuitftil in Corn and Wine , that 'Str'dbd ffcpoJts, bow one bunch of Crapes, prefcrited to Ahxander, filled a Basket two Cubits about, which encouraged him to found 'that City 'Jitkxaf^ia , aftcrwarcls AnttciSia a^nA. Stlueia fince Indian, fi^om bencCj Nimrod and his Followers departed into the Vale Shi- »Jot far from whicj^ that Infampus^ Regicide "IB^^j, after his perfidjo^is dealing with his^ PrincCj was apprehended and brought bound to Alexander, yi\ip ab^ horring.his fight, ordered he fh9iild be deliyepd top^<^w ;hebrq- of Di'ecX,and is fubt^ivided into (qv^erail King^ doms ; of which the befl: known are Cafchap^ pr Hiacha^Ch]aUi.oa jUfpbanjCbiartiam, Gotam. Thebet^ or Tetfditc <.. ' pf^ff^l C'Tiuitq^faJy car^ is the richeft, and is well ftored witl>;JR%^^^ .Jfjat of (^jff?>r/^^;^ is the leail and landy, but liathi luahy y^a^^rf-i^nik>t)i\Qr Stoiiej^^ j^i Thofe o^Cotam and Chialu have Corn, Wi^^^'Flax and Hepip^ thebct or Tanguth is (lored with Musk a^d Ci^amon^^hofe Ki^gf werq formerly called Un-Chan or Prefier J ol>n'^ a Tit$^ now enfpner oujly (ponferredjOi^ th^ -^i^^^fov ^tbtpfum Zh^j^tqri \ti. Ai^c^yji freslfiteii Jqhn Ny^SjCliief of the KingdotT^ oi T^mbta ,,^^i;^.Timg ^* which the Tartars cali Bata^My the S^irazens Bqrafifiy fn^' the tivps LfU'a, which is by the confent of all knowiijg perfons feata 'mAfiay next to the confines of the great M»gtf/,aniongft theMoui^- 'tains.of Catft with ,a potent Annj A^JWt^ft P}9 .^t^Mj-^^. ^t^^.^'^K^^^^PW vft^lP Chrifiianr, s, • "^h* i ^ -""V «Jj i^ v ./ j jrtt .l"* i |."?- ,•..«'—»* The Name o^Vre'sItiter John ,' d'crioteth fome Chriftian Prince , whofe Uominions are piaqed by th(? confent of m^lt knowii^g Per* fons^ not arapng the Eihio^i^ns, nor if ;^j part ofAfi-ica^ as^n^jft ^ '. ^ . " ' <^gg2 ' ' fuppoS?, ^h- mm vmm ■'4i ^1% Of Afiatkk Turtarra, fuj^fej but in the Continents ofj/ta ; but in what pan formerly ^ *twa$Js not exadly known. Some Authors fay they were Kings of Cathay y which is doubtful, becaufe 'tis now difcovered by modern JteUtions and Travels into thofe parts , that aH Cathay is but the Northern part of Ci&i»<». Bu^ it is more than probable, that befides that portion of Land^ Acre IS another large part of the World conterminate on the north. ^nd welK unto the Empire of CAiw^^which in former Ages had the Name of Cathay ^zn^ is the feme with that of Tbehet, hy iome called Si^ariar, &c. as aforefaid, which clearly appeareth by a Voyage of two Fathers from China to the Mogor, who tell us that at Bietala^ 2 Caflle at the ^n^oi Banntola^ the Great Lama or Trkfi did then re- fidc, andgave an account of their Chriftian Religion : And to me il feems further confirmed, by a Journy made into th^Wtfiem larta- rtyAnno 1683. by the Emperor oiChina ; we have this account of fiiofe People, In all the Wtfiem Tartary there is nothing to be bund .|biiC Mountains, Rocks*and Vallies ,• there are neither Cities,Towns or" yillages, nor Houfes. Th^ Inhabitants lodge under Tents in the open Fields, whkh they remove from one Valley to another,accor- l^dg as they find paftare. They pafs their life either in Hunting,or jbing nothing, as they neither Plow nor Sow, fo they make no Hvveft. lliey live upon Milk,Cheefe and Flelh, and have a fort of Wjnc not much unlike our J^na-Vitse, with which they are often l|ruhk. In ^ort, they care for nothing from morning to night, but ^ dritak and eat like the Beads and Droves which they feed. They 'Mtp not without their Priefts, which they call Lamaif. for whom they %vc a fingular veneration : in which they differ from the Oriental 'artars^ the mofl part of vmom have no Religion, nor dp Acy Be- ve any God. This part of Tartary lies without the prodigious all oi China for more than Joe Miles ,• of which Wall, faith our •^'udhor. Lean fay without Hyperbolizing , that the Seven WonJers fthe f^(trU^ut together, are not comparable to this Work. And" i that Fame has ipread concerning it among the Europeansy is far jlibrt of what I my felf have feen. He alfo tells us, that divers of the Petty Kings of the fVeftem Tartary^ came from ah (ides for ;oo Mties, and fomc for yoo Miles, together with their Wives and. ^Children to falute the JEm^ror. That this Country is divided into 48 provinces, and now Tributary to the Emperor ot China, Crim 7^r/4rx,( which all Authors confound with a nonfuch Cathay) is divided into feveral pjgts , of which I am able to fay nothing, in the way of ChorogMpb3(,nor muchiiiii Hiitory, only I iind that ■ V ,\ *■ |||£ Mf -^ rn he he ed ■ of miiPMWiiip / , Of AfiatickTartarU, 413 the King of NMamy or Nlucbe, called Xutubi^ conquered China at twelve years ot Age,with the faithful afliftance of his two Uncles^ a youn^ Conqueror, not -only famous for his Succefsj but alfo for the Moderation which he ufcd to his newly fubdued people. And *tis certain, thattheie Tartars know of no Cities or Towns beyond the Wail ol China ; therefore Cathay can be no other than the Northern part oi China, and Cambalu is Velun ,♦ and ^inzoy anfwers to Hanchun. The Northern 7drftfr/V,which is called the True AncienrT^r/^r/V, IS coldeft, moft untilied , moft barbarous, (and moft unknown of all ; ) Some amongft them have their Kin^s, others live by Hords, or Commonalties : as for their Names, 'tis eafy to give what Names men pleafe, in parts wholly unknown. : ■-).^ But in the Year 1682. the Emperor of G^iwwmade a Voyage inta the Eaftern Tartary: In this Journey (faith the Father Vtrbujt who wa^ the Publiiher of it; we always went towards the Nciih-Eaft, from FeJun, in all 1 100 miles to the Province o\ Ltuc~tum ; the way being about 300 miles^ the Capital City whcreol is X'mTi.m'm the Latitude of 41 Degrees s"6 Minutes ^a City ve y air and pretty intire, and has in it the Remains of an ancient Paiace where was no declination of the MagnetieJk Needle. This Province is abou^ 400 miles from the Frontier to tlie City Ula ^ but all the Cities and Towns are intire y ruined, only, fome few Houfes built ef Earth, or the Rubbi(h ot old Buildings, and eovercd with Thatch or Straw; ( .1 f That all the Country beyond the Province ofLeao^tum is exceed- ing defert, where notning is to be feen on all fides, but. Mountains said Vailjes, Dens of Bears, Tygers, and other devouring Beafts ;^ here an^ there a poor Reed-hut upon the fide ol fome Brocks. The City Uta, on the River Svngoro Tart. Sumhoa-Chin. lies in 44. Degrees 2oMi) utes.. The NeeMt there declines frcm.the South to Hi^IVefi I Degree 20 Minutes^and is the faireft in all this Country, and fometimes aiib the Seat oi the hmpire of the Tartars. But Kiron is about 50 Miles from Via , upon thfc Kvf^v SongwOy which takes its Courfe from the M^unt Ckamfe ) famous for having been the ancient Seat of our %irtars. That the Mtfiovites come of tentimes to the River Smgoro to fifti for Pearls. That the Diftance of Kiron from Xirh-Tam was. 102 8 Chintfe Stadia , comsLining ^6^ sniies ; the Chimfi Stadium being 360 Geometrical pnces. I fliall only add,that by this ReUtion it doth appear to me.that NmU haHfirNiucbt^mw^ be the fame Country whichis here caXXdLeao-tum, for the Emperor's defiga was to vifit the Sepulehres of his Axiceftors. ♦, > «. \r.. ■rS- -Af-^ . 1. , 4? ) Of INDIA WH "'ii ' ^•MI V. - J ■.!■*■>. THE Name oflmlia is now given to die Empire of the 'Mo^ul^ to the two TeninfulasfinQ on this llde^ the other beyond G^»- ges, and the Iflands fcattered in the Indian^Sea, which are all com- prehended under the General Name of the £r7^-/«Jw_, under which Appellation fome Authors do,alfo take in all the Oriental4^art of JJia. The Old Inhabitants hereof ware by Megafihenes faid to be 122 feveral Nations ; originally defcended from the Sons ofNoai^ before their Journey to the Valley ofShi^taar ; and I^fejijin iaith^that the Plantation of InMa did piecede the attempt o£ BaUl. \ Its firft Invafion was by Semiramis, with an Army of above a MilUons^ i^ Ctejias and DiodorHfSiculusiky true) who was met with oy Staurobatcs an Indim King, with as great an Army^by whom fhe was overcome and flaift. The next Invafion .on this Country wa? by B^icchusj the ■Son of y*/>;V«rj accompanied with Herw/wjVvho by force or by arts overcame them, and taught them the ufe of Wine, Oyi, and the Art of Arohite<5ture. After this Alexander inVAded i»^;V/, beginning firft with Clopbaej Queen o'i McigazM. A^ter with Porusj whom he Yanquilhei and took ^ but giving them their Libgrty and Kingdoms Again, he returned into his own Country ;, aiter this,t|iey lived i^^ -peace under their feveral Kings, until tjieyear ifS^^. when^ilco- i< *»ii ■A, .-■J '%P mmMm .:%■'■ npHIS viftEmpiftt comprehends the greateft part of the Cbnti- '^ JL nent of Ww : The prefent Jkngul^who i? the Sovereign^derives hUqii^al ^om^w^Tfttrnffffgi oc TatrnhVi onici is the Xie^^nth ....^■■^- m mm -•I'? _t' 41^ Of the Empire of the Mo^hL in a diied Line defcendant fiom Him 5 there arc feveral hiJian Kingdoms, tributary to him, and he is elkemed the richeft Prince in the world, And the moft potent Monarch di all ',^fia^ The Territories of his Country being his own Hereditary Reve- nues, the great Lords a'e but his Receivers,who give an account to Governors of tlie Provinces, and they to the chief Treafurers and Comptrollers of the Exchequer. He is alfo the general Heir to all thofe to whom he gives Penfichs, and his Will is a Law in the de- cifion of his Subjedls Affairs , and therefore they carry the Names of their Employments, and not of the Lands which they enjoy. Sba Jeban, who Reigned Forty years , left behind him about j: Millions, and the Throne that he made coft an 160 Millions, and 5-00000 Livers ; beMdes fix other Thrones fet all over with Dia- monds, Rubies, Emeralds, and Pearls : Tefie Tav. The Money of this Kingdom is of a good Alloy : The Mogul vi able to bring 1 00000 Horfe in the Field, but his Infantry is very inconfiderable, either for Number or Experience. He has a good number of £lephants,which do hiin great fervicc; for they are fure of foot, and lie down and rife up very readiiy. The King is aT^ri^- i}a MahumttaHy neverthelefs the moft part of his Vaflals are Pagans : But as there are^ feveral forts of People, fo likewife there are divers forts of Religions amongft them , which I (hall briefly mention at the end of the defcription of the Eafi^ndies. The Moguls Country is very fertile and well peopled near the great Rivers. They make excellent Bread, having Corn and Rice in abundance : Vidtuals, in general are ver^ cheap, however the In- habitants are very temperate and fober. The neighbouring Coun- try to Tartar^ is full of Mountains and Forefts,where the Moguloft^ times takes his pleafure in Hunting, there being great abundance and variety qf wild Beafts ; And there it was that Alexander c\xt down the Wood for the Ships which he fent down the Ww/ into the Oce- an. As for Remains of Antiquity there are few or none, the Mo- gtds having ruined all the ancient Cities, which (according to the Ancients) were 30 large Cities, ;ooo walled Towns and Caftles, for natural Defence reckoned impregnable, which may not be im- probable, if it were, as fome affirm, the firft Seminary or Station of i^oah ; after His defcent from Ararat, not far hence diftant, and af^ terward the delight of Bacchus ^wixich, fome think was the fame with N9ab • and from the wonderful encreafe of People^ which appears by that huge Army Staurobates drew out in his defence againft ^e- miramis the AJfjrian £mpre6, both Armies containing 3 Millions. And ' '. Of the Empire of the Mogul 417 And fo well builded and planted was this part oihdia, that when ^Alexander y by the overthrow of Vorus near the River Hjdajpis^ en- tered Indta,Herodotus and Curtius report, that Alexander Ihouid fay. He found greater Cities and more fumptuous Buildings in King Porus'/ Dominions J than he had ohferved in all the World befides. Indus is Navigable from Labor to Sende • the Natives call'd it Tang-ahy by reaion of the five Rivers that fall into it toward the up- per part ot its Courfe, which are now called Rauee^ Bebat, Niladan, Couly and Send'y by Vtol. Aceftnes, CophjfSy Hjdaj/>isy Zaradas and Nivalis. Gangeswas Formerly famous for its Gold^now for its Water, which is very pure. The Natives hold, that it fandifies them,whether the j drink, or whether they bathe in it. , There are in the whole Empire about 57 Kingdoms, the Names whereof are almoft the fame with thofe of the Capital Cities, w'ss. ^ Agra, Attack, Bakar, Bakifch, Bando, Ben^ala, Berar, Buchar, Cabul^ KakareSj Candahor, Candis, Kanduana, CaJJmere, Cbitor,Delli, Gor, Gu- x>arate,Haiacan, Jamba, yenufar,Jejfelmere,Jefual, Maluay, Mevat^ Multan, Narva, Naugramt, Patna, Pengab, Pitan, Sambal, Siba, Soret, Tatta, UdeJJa. Tefte Thev. There arc alfo fome petty Territories, as the Raja's, which are &£ very ancient Extra opperies, and conftitutedi his Argirajpides. And at NyJJ'a^ built by Bacchus upon the Bank of the//>'rf<7j^;j,a Branch or the Ri- ver hdusy Alex.%nder repofed, famous in thofe days for the Sacrcu Mount, and incomparable Vines there abounding, which fome think to be the firft Plantation of the Patriarch Noah. Scrcttgf and Chit pour are of great Tade fur painted Callicuts, cal- led Chites I i\\ofc. of Serongs are the molt lively Colours, and lafting. HfUabas, or Elabn£ej the Chryfiborca in Tlin. by fome Nifua tefte Herb, is a great City upon the confluence of Jeminy and Ganges, which River there, is no broader :han the Seine before the Loure ,• and at fome times in the year fo little Water, that it will not bear a Imall Boat; much retorted to by the Bavnyans, for the Relicks of di\ ers deformed Tagothias. Thefe Bannyans fwarm in multitudes all over the 2»^;w, fucking in the fweenefs of Gain by an immeafurable thirlt and indullry : But the Moors and Gentiles often ravifh it from .«l?$Pj for the Bannyan'^ no Hedtor nor Fighter, but morally honefl:, ■*''>■ . ■ , ■ ]he \rJ. )th ind" ing- ftor, ihre. A- 4r . Y W^^^ Empire of the Mogul. ^n i oneft, courteous in Behaviour, temperate in Paffion, decent in Apr parel, abftemious in their Diet, induftrious in their Callings, chari- table to the needy, humble to all, and fo innocent, as not to take away the Life, of the fmalleft Vermin, believing the Tranlknimati- on of Souls into Be^fts,* a Perfwafion though ftrange to us, was not to our Countrymen the Druida of old. Elora, not much above three hours from Dolta had /is famous for the many Pagods of Gigantick Figures of men and women cut in the Rock, fo that if one confiders the number of fpacious Temples full of Pillars and Pilafters, and the many Thoufinds of f igiiresj all cut out of a Natural Rock, it may be truly, faid. That they are Works furpajfing Human Force. \ ... The River G^tngss having received an infinite number of Brooks, imd Rivers from the North-Eaft and Weft, difcharges it felf by feve^ ral Mouths into the Gulph ofBengala, making feveral pleafant- Iflands, containing many Towns covered with lovely J»«fc/&, and.at Cajfen Sa- fer isihe Houfe of the Dire<5tor of all the Holland'EsL^ones in Bengala, 'Kacien?irey Cachmif. and Kicbnfir.Thev.is efteemedthelittlft Paradife oi India ^ by reafon of its Beauty. At Bannereus upon the Blinks of Ganges una Jaganate, iipon the mouth of it, are the chief Pagods, , than which nothing can be more magnificent, by reafon of the quan- tity f Gold and Jewels wherewith they were adorned, and milli- ons of People repair thither to celebrate their Feftivals. BenraLy famous for its temperate Air, for the Fertility of the Soil, for the great ftore of Rice^ for its Cane or Bamboos, and its Calamha Wood, which yields the moft pleafant fcent in the Worldi. It gives its Name to one of the moft famous Gulphs oi Afia, called Golfo di Bengal'., the Sims Gangeticm ofPtol: Its V'^arly Revenue paid to the Mogul, comes to a Million and fooooo iloupics cIgat ; tlie chief City thereof is Bengala, by fome Satigan. Gange Vtol. Ganges Stra- ho.Tbevenot calls thi^ Province Oulejfer ;. the Idolaters, Jaganat. Befides thefe Countries, I find mention made by Mr. Tavernierj I. Of the Kingdom of ^wro», of a large Extent, famous for Mmk^Rhubarb,WoYmfted,3^^ FKr/^and the. Caravan is three months.. 'A .v,rf? *^'{?- 4^* Of the Empire (f the Mogttt. travelling from Taina to Boutan, the way being generally through Forefts, and over Mountains, which after you have paffed, the Country is good, abounding in Rice, Pulfe and PTme. They have had for a long time the ufe of Mufquets and Cannon, and their Gun-powder is long but of great Force: The Natives are ftrong and well proportioned , but their Nofes and Faces are fomewhat flat,* and there is no King in the world more feared and more re(pe. ,.u^«- on mi J J 'ttie Caheer . . >/>c yHtmhay^ t^~'^ — f'*'- 7>d^aty ) JU^n^M- f-TM' .. fZ-o/x. ^fPentapoK \ ^l' Satitula LS-^Harta. ^.TTiaiiMJ or ^■tcHitrx"' _ I. Preparat.T^ Coces J. ,^ip I ^ jtnar , I TatttxpAtan Catumar ■^ Cffula i I.d.Jlan. TA^tidantfii X.Carmatt ZSaZa. Semhera. , JtTatnur I CidJUtcl Z Rays J. Caiezes , J.TorrtFafy Crara. Cantuda. aticatc Conoid's. ^ ^fcfc . Lonolt ^&.Ba^ens ^'^'^eTJi '"•OAiL, U "-IW-.iJPu— ■ THisTeninfuIa is comprehended between theMouths of I»^«i and G^zine lor the Ea(i-Indiesj and Har- bour for their Indian Fleet : Tis reported, thar the Hofpital o^Goa is more Beautiful^ Richer, and better accommodated than the Hofpital of the Holy-.Ghcft in Rowe, or the inftTiiicy ci Maltha: The Ci- ty is very large,- and though without Gates and Walls, yet with its Caftles and Forts 'tis of great flrcn^-^tii and force: Their Houfes fair, their Palaces and pubiick Biiiidin;... very Magnificent their Churches ftatcly,ind richly adorned. Her Strength and Beauty took rife from the Deem Kinr,s, from whon: yjnno 1 709 yilbumtrqife the ViAorious 2^om<'^^'^' conquered it, and alter that derended i againft 70000, Foot and ;yoo Horlc, which Uulcan broueht to reduce it with. 'Tis the bravcfl and beft defended City in the Orie-nt Icatcd in an Ifie ciUed Tilfoar, 30 miles in Circuit, "liirrounded by a frelli b- River, ■.' .iv« ,tV- Sea, fyin the net M to The PiHtnfikbnthii f^Gan^s. 41^ River, flireaming from the mighty MoHmain Bettaguate: The whole Ifle fo abounding in feveral little Towns, Fields, Groves and Gar- dens, reple^iflied With Grafs, Com,Cattel, Fruit, Flowers, and fuch felf-ravilhing Objeds, that here the Portitga/s Uve in all manner of delight and ;>'eature, exceeding Proud and Stately, but Civil and Courteous,' both Sexes given to Venery, and the Women exceffively amorous of White men, but much confined. The King of Vifapmr hath four good Ports in this Deem Territory, Rejapour, Dabul, Duvga of old, firft yielded to the Mercy o^Andtaglus GoMQrnoMt of Chatd bi:t loon taken by the Decannees' but recover d from them by F. Alniyd^)* and after great Slaughter of the ^ ^habitants and Rich Spoil, buKr j the City, repaired afterward by tl : Vice-Roy of Go^ ; About the yejr 16.20 taken by ah Engliji} Captain, ('H/ji/j who made the Daring Per- /w^^/know, that their Bravadoes to the Englijh were not terrible. > y'.ChoHli the Comane qfVtol.tefie Cafi. ravijhed from the Diadem of Pecan by Almeyda in the year 1 507. And in the year 1 5-7 j it was befieged by Mifamolucy the Decan Prince, with a numerous Army ofHorfe, Foot and Elephants j but he was forced to raife his Siege v^ith I.ofs and Shame. CafratanznA Mengrelia, which laft is one of the beft Roads in all hdk, -ind is famous tor Cardamum, the beft oi Slices; and the Dutch have a Fa^ory there. . . ;<. :v,^. ,; ./ vj- , / ■.;;;'-. ,1 ;'; The Hiftoty of SeVa^ TaV. Siva^i TheV. - ; , THe Plundering of Surrat by Sivagi, and the defperate Attacks made upon fome of our Eafi-hdia Ships, elpecially that of the Prefident, Captain Jonathan Hide Commander, in the year 1682. by I f 00 of his men, in three Ships and four Grabs, who were brave- ly repulfed with a great Slaughtei, though thofe brave men had not the Happinefs long to enjoy the Honour of that noble Acftion^ the Ship being unfortunately caft away coming into the Channel,*and all the men but two loft. Thefe and many other of his Actions have given many occafion to inquire what he is, and what Coun- try he poftefteth. This Raja Sivagi yhoxn at Sajhaim, the Son of a Captain of the King of Vifiafours, being of a reftlefs and turbulent Spirit, rebelled iti his Father s life-time, aud putting himfelf at the head of feveral Banditl , and other debauched Young men , he retired unto the ,. . I i i Mountains .f^. 42.6 l%f ^^tm^hfUt fhUf^iSiHgiisi Mountains oiVifiatom ^ and made his i^h good againfi all thofe that came to attack him. aw*>.i' ^m j.r:. •: i ^ ] ^j^mmK^', ^l.^iu' The King oitnfiafout tfWnking that 4iis leather kept'" Ifttelligeftce with him, caufcd him to be arrefted, arid hediediiiPrifon. Sh>igy conceived fo great a hatred againft the King^ that he^fed allendea* voiirs to be revenged of him. And in a ve^fho^t time'he plunde- red Vifiafour , and with the Booty he took made himfelf fo ftrong in Men, Arms and Horfes, that he became able enough to feize fome TawnSjj T/at. Rajapur^Sa/igar, CrapktenylJfahoulj andi to form a little State thereabout. The King dying aboiit that timc3 and the Queens endeavours to reduce him being unfuccefsful^^jhe accepted tlie Peace he propofed to her, that he fliould enjoy the Territories which he had fubdued, that he Ihduld be tributary to the Young King, and pay him half his Revenue. . i. :. sj ^wta/i 4 ,v,\ However, he could not reft, but plundered fome places belon^ng to the Great Mogul, who therefore fent Forces againft him under (he Condudt of the Governour oi Aurene-Abat. But ^ry/^i having jhis retreat always in the Mountains, and oeing extremely cunning, the Mogul could not reduce him. In the mean time to be revenged on the Mogul, he refolved to plunder 5«rrFd pvefenii \ the Kin Sw56rd': m()ft<6f the^J^i: chin, CU ' Cochi butetcf red wit . CouU had fop lay in P Fidelit) Calecut 1 Cana-, the Mki ofPefpi '^'Batti oftheii •To;^ w^ieifc, bumt,l keep a Madan HHyebi forthe yi^tion thercfe fotoe . CaJectity or Calicut, thought to be the T«wh which FtoL Culls Cah" tbapi/i an Error of Niger and Bertius. Callcaris Herb, is a Town of TraAcy where the Vartugals fitft fettled themfelves; though not with* that fuccefs as at Cochin, where they obtain' d leave to raife a Citta-'" del J which was^the firft Fort they had in the Ea}'InJies; hut that Forti^ls was taken from them by the Hollanders in the year 1662. The Prince of Calicuts calls himfelf TLanforin, a Prince of great pow- er and awe ,• and not more^'black of colour, than treacherous in di(^ pdfiefoii^.^ Many defornied Pi^orA^'s are here , worlhipped, but with this' OrdSftai'y Evkfl^n^'T***^ 'they adore ndt Idols, buP the Deumo's they re- frefenii •' 'Ahdthel>«rcA General, who viras Cook of a Ship, Crowned the King with thpfe hands which had oftner handled a Ladle than a Sw6r^: Ahd'exiil^^d Tribute from all the Kings of j^«i/^^^Pf<>p/»inBo that Coun- try. It is obferved that the OfF-lpring of thole thajc, M ^tyr'd St. Thomas y have one Leg bigger than the other. Nfi ^ ^ .f »/ ., 4 Malipur is feated upon a fmall River, having five foot of Water at the Mouth of itj which is abou? a Cannon-lhot from^fhe City,* but fmall Ships had rather harbor themfelvesa!t?«//Vw/«, and the great ones at Ntgafatan, which with Meliafor belongs to the Torturals, Pf/;V<»fff, befides the Town, there is a Fort called Gddriay ^hat be- longs to the Dutch , where they have their chief Fa^,ory, and where lives the chief Intendant over all the reft th.it ^re in the Territories of the King oiGokond^. In the, Fort are generally 200 Soldiers, bcfides Merchants. The Baftions are^well ftored with good Guns, and the Sea comes, up to the very Wall of it. Taveimeir tells us. That v(7hen the Inhabitants fetel^ their water to drink, they ftay till the Sea is quite gone out , then digging holes in the Sand as near the Sea as they can, they meet with frcih Water. ^. ^ ^ .About 7 or 8 Leagues off, is Fort St George , which belongs to the Englifii whofe Port or Harbour is called Madrafiatan. The Kingdom oiQokonda is a Country abounding in Ccrn, Rice, Cattely and other Neceflarierfor Human Life,* and iJ^j-^w^e^r is the Name of the Metro foUs,common\y called Golconda ^w\i\ch is the Name of a Fortrels about two Leagues from it. The City is laid to be.little lefs than Orleans ; feated upon a River, which near, to MaJUfatan falls into the Gulph of BengaU, over which River there is a ftatejy and fair Bridge into the City, \yhich is adorned with the King s Palace, and the Houfes of the great Lords, and other Perfons of Quality,t^e Merchants and Tradefinen living in the Suburbs,which are a Le^^ue jn ler^th, tn this City is to be feen the Foundation of a magnificent Pagod,which,had it been finilhed had been the fair- eft in India i there is one Stone, which is an entire Rock of fuch a prodigious Bulk^ that 5 or 600 men were five years before they could new it out of its place^ ax)d thisy iay^that 1400 Oxen were employ- ed to draw it away. The Tlk'ftnhfitlamilsilfiJeCak^s. > 4x9 *The Men and Womeil o^Gokonda arc well proportioned^ and of comely ftatures, only the Country people fwarthy,* there are faid to be 20000 Licenfed common Women about the City and Suburbs. The prefent King , defcended from an -ancient Family of the^ Turcomans y is a Mahumetan, and of the Sedof f/ir^^ and pays the Mogul an annual Tribute of 200000 Pagods. Maflifatan is a great City, and the moft famous Road for Ships in the Gulph oi Bengal ^ the Argarkk Gulph of old , from whence they fetSaiF for Pyit|^(Be^^iiityj .^ri., //.vr.^v5'iivo-i kiriijiv^t) <■.■ . - - . ■■■■ •-■; , _ . •. •, • .f.,| '•■■■'" '^*^ -'H -'• ;p ^^: -'^'-'-i Vf^^ 4J .i»iij '.tt pi'>iid hti.x cj.w .tf. >* " ■ J u - ^-^- i^- - ' ■.■i>.."!ii!? M ..,v'^ .^ 431 :'¥:^!?-^' Of thd Penihfbia ;'{T;r:'>fCf/lJ' tt-j ;viiif T,r»tr» .'■ ^ 'Kit "i i f :••> :v AN^io M.ap of INDIA Seyoixd GAN6E.S ■ ■ ■ ■ ■■ " ■■ '" vft.hr«,> • :. '^'!i to THis Country in the elder Times was fo renowned for Wealth, that one TraA of it had the Name of the Siher Region the other of the GoUen Cherfinefe; yet, in truth, the Country it felf wns f- - bur .#' ■%* 43^ ^-^ ''^^ Teninfula beyond Ganges, but little known in the Timcsof the Ancients, or the Interior part of it to us in thcfe da}'s. Our latcft Dilcoveries tell us, 'tis difmembieci and fubdividecJinra alnioft airni^ny Kfngdonj^and £ftates as Cities and Towns. ■ afid'tlito as mahy dillinft Governments as there arc Tribes and Nations among them ^ the chief Cities of which are ?e- gu, Trl^llfton, or Trtglipoon ofPtol. by CafiaL which was very confi- derablc, when it comprehended two Empires, and Twenty fix King- doms, and then it was that GoU, Silver, Pearls, and precious Stems were as common in tlw Court otPegu, as if the wlipie Orient had brought all its Riches thither : But what its Revenues, what its Go- vernment,what its Forces and Riches noware,! do not certainly find. On the North of Peg«, near Bengala, is the City and Kingdom of Arachan, now faid to be Subject to the Great Mogul. Siriangh, or Sire- jang, is a ftrong Fort on the mouth of the River, given to the Portugah by the King of Arachan, who, at laft, were forced to yield it to the King of Ava, by vhom the Governor was cruelly tortured on a Spit. Sandiva is an Ifland about 50 Leagues in compals, very fruitiiil, once fubdued by the Portugah, but taken from them by the King of Arachan, k.nno 160^. 2. Siam, of which our laft Relation tells us. That 'tis a Country plentiful in Rice and Fruits ^ The Forefts of large iJ^zw^cw, arc full of Rinoceros, Elephants, Tjgers, Harts, Apes, and Serpents with two Heads, but one has no motion. The Rivers are very large, and overflow the Banks when the Sun is in the Southern Tropick. The Capital City is Siam, the Soba- nus or Cortacha ofPtol. aoout 5 Leagues in Circuit, and walled, the River running quite round it,* and in the year i66c. fortified with very good Bulwarks by a Neapolitan Jcfuit, whofe Port-Town is Bancock, fix Leagues from the Sea. The ^^atives are all Slaves either to the King or the great Lords,- they have a great many Prieif^s called Bonzes, very ignorant, yet greatly reverenced,- they hold the Tranjmigration cf' Souls into jeverd Bodies, and fay, that the God of the Chrijti'ans and theirs were Bra- then. They have 3 3 Letters in their Alphabet, and write from the Left to the Right, contrary to the Cuftom of other Indians. Their King is one of the richefl Monarchs of the Eaflyind flyles ' himfclf X;»^ of Heaven and Earth, though Tributary to the Tartars, as Conquerors oi China. He never fhews himfelf in Publick above twice a Year, tut then in an extrordinary Magnificence. He hath a great Jtindnefs for Elephants, counts them his Favourites, and the Orna- 1 !•> tof reci tics aic Pe- nfi- ng- oms had 10- Of the TeHitifnlaheyMd Ganges, 455 Ornaments of his Kingdom, and ftylcs himfclf Kitig of the White Elephant, for which there has been great Wars between him and the Pegnan King. Martabm. fiiid to be the Triglifton ofptoi on the Gulph of Ben- gala, once mbjedt to Pegu, now to Siam; once a Kingdom, now of a great Trade, efpecially for Martabane>, which arc Veffels of Earth, of a kind of Porcelain varniihed with black , and much efteemed in all the Eaft. g. Malacca, the Amea Cherfonefus of ojd, in the Peninfula whereof are divers Kingdoms, all which, except Malacca, are Tributary to that of Siam ; Tenajjeri, Juncalaon, ^eada, Pera, and Malacca, are on the Wcftern part,* Ihor, Puhang, Fatane, BurdeUng, and Ligor^Tiiz on the Eaftern Coaft. J^al.ra, the Taccla of Ptol. tefte Alfh. Adriano. (aliiiTacolaisJun- calaon) is the moft famous, being great, rich and powerful ^ An. ry x i . x\iQPortugals tooV. II , and kept it till 1641. whtn the Hollanders tcfok it from them. Among the Rarities of the Malacca, ©r rather of the World, is the Arhor Triftis, which bears Flowers only after Sun-fet, and fheds them fo loon as the Sun rifes, and this every Night in the year. -;; ^^O .,:. i^t; - ;3n^ nn^Kj k..'' 4. Camhoja, Forte Pytindra, or Pityndra of Ptol. on the River Me-^ con, 60 j-.eagues up the River, once one of the three prime Cities in this i- lit" of India: The King thereof is, or lately was. Tributary to Siam, whofe Manners and Cuftoms the People much refemblc. In til', year 1644. four Holland Ships made into this River, and got oat IK fwithftanding all the oppofition of the King of Camhoja. f . Chiimfa, which communicates its Name to the Country, faid to be a diltindl Kingdom. Ir is feated near the Sea fide, and of good Trade for the Wood called Lignum Aloes ; by fome the Town is called Pulo Caceim. Cochin China is faid to be one ofc the beft Kingdoms in all India ; it borders upon China, of which it was, once part; and whofe Man- ners, Cuftoms, Government, Religion,, and other Ceremonies they yet retain, but their Language is that of Ton^uin. Among the Rarities of this Country, is, • / •> ■>v Firft, The Inundation which in Auttmm covers with its Waters .ilmoft all the Country, making the Earth fo fruitful^ that it brings forth its Increafe twice or thrice a year. v .-l ,n. ,»'/.•-' ;> ;,. ^ '' make Secondly, their Savoy Bcura, or matter wherewith the Swallows ike their NeftsAvhichbeiiig itcepedand moiftned in Water,ferves Kk k' tor w 4H OfthePeiiiMjitkte^oHdGMg^S; for Sauce to all Meats^ commimicating a variety of Tafte, as if compofcd of fsveral Spices. Tni^d^,^ Their Trees called Thinsj the Wood whereof r^tnains uncorruptible, whether in Water or Earth. ,^ Sanfoo is one of ';he greateft Cities of Cochin China f. and greateft Tradcj but now the Port failing, it decays. Hoffby or Faifoy is rerii rkable for its Foreft oi Orange SLti^ Tomgra-' W Trees. . ^ * . '^^^J>infoan \% a good Port, l>ut of a difKcult entr.ince. * i». ^^ Tacaan is an Ifle where the Fowls retire during the Heats. ^JBoufim is a'good Haven. ChecOy Kekioy or Keccbio, is the chief City of the Kingdom of Tun^uin, and the ordinary refidence of the King, faid to contain a A01ion of Inhabitants. , The Tunquinefes. as well Men as Women, are for the mjft part well proportioned, of an O/iw Complexion* ?:r4a;ij' sj«^^% ^#:i Iheir Habit grave and modelt, being a leng Robe tharreaches down to their Heels, bound about at the Wafte with a Girdle of Silk. OrW the Soldier's upper Garment reaches no farth?- than his Knees, and Breeches down to the mid-leg. They are naturally mild and peaceable,fubmitting, to Reafon,3xd condemning the Tranfports of^Choler. The Air is fo mild and temperate, that all the year long feems to be but one continued Spring ,• Froft and Snow are there never Inown* x> There arc but two Winds which divide the whole Year, the one Norths .he other South, both continuing for fix Months.' ,«. Ihe Country produces neither Corn nor Wine^ but ftore of Rice ^ \/iqMa-i It a J and excellent Fruit. /vn; Bode^o is the place whence thr/ embark the King's Body. •. Cuaa,<^ is the Port where all ibc great Ships lie. ; v Cmci^is the Bounds between Tun^imn and Cochin China, 'jf\ Chancon is the place where St. Jiax'ier died i jy2. ^ ■> ' ' ' The Country is ii4orned with many beautiful a . ; fertile Plains, and watered with many great Rivers. Two Ships, or at leaft one, goes yearly from Natigcfiniue to Ton- ^Miny where is r-'uch Silk and Musk^ and Lignum Jkes^ which they truck for Scarkts. Limn, .and /ytkri the Aiakafier the Dutch load foiBdaft,. m.: . my. ^1, X The Th< "■■■a'. 'k V. '^'^^^fmimr'^'^n W mmm Of thePatinfula heyond Gangit 45.V The 4Cing*s Palac43b^ore which the D«/ J Ships riJe ^?Anclior> is \n5ry coftfy, and ihMr Bridges are all ofjl^afttu Modem Kclattonlalfamefltion the great Kingdom oiLdOy which extends from Fourteen Degrees to Two and twenty and a half of Noithern Latitude, • and Fifty miles in breadth all along on the River Mecoity whofe^Gapital is Lanjang in eighteen Degrees" of La- titude. As alfo the Kings of -^^-v-*, t'ae Palibothra oiPtol. by Mercat. Valimbothaa Arriam Baoy Brema, CiocanguCy and TangUj which are faid to be Tributaries tp the King hereof. About Twenty Leagues from the Coa'ft damboJi^^^kixhc Bank Pracellisy b«ing about an Hundred Lfeagt!.es Ipngi and Forty broad. The Indians relate , that it was a Kingdom in tormer Apes , but iunk by Earthquakpi; aiid here it was in Anno i6<$o the rich laden ItifL- - 7" 43 <^ ■'.':..: S '^M'-t''"' CHIN .t-,-;>'.-v\i*. tti :tl*-' d;i-^a3*lif J- "f ^'^^-^fi?^^ t4fehi?ii*ikl mts^l^ CJi^tf has b^.eh called by as many Names as there have been Roy al Families in it^ but always accounted one of the moil: confide- wble Countries in the Worlds by reafon of its Largenefs, the Beauty of of its Citi [. It is alfo r Powder, a ceffory to cious Met ed u^on c and Ibme pers'd in heap toge World afi China li been reck are fo ful Rivers of be I f o M Ducats. TheCA of the ex die, as th« the Moon Eyes, th< all. Th^ their Volk into theii 400 Leag the Tarta Obftacle. That the In thefe pire : Fc uirs vind« fevei^ ye fmall, th lb that tl their Pol darins, ai der the 7 there is c and the with no » M;>-i'^' - OfChim. ^^f oFits Cities , their Number and the politenefs of the Inhabitants. It is alfo reputed, that Printing, the Silk Manufadures, Artillery, Powder, are more in ufe there than in Europe. Befides all things ne- ceflary for human fubfiftance and delight, it, produces the moft pre- cious Merchandizes of the Eafi ,• and Nature feems to have beftow- ed u^on ever}' one of its Provinces fomething ofparticular Eileem,* and Ibme tl"mt have lived there affirm, that whatever is found dil- pers'd in the reft of the World , is there to be met with irt^orie heap together ,• and fome things that no part of the reft of the World affords. ■ j^iu^i^..^y-., ■f'^^\^y■^^i'^:■:}rl .-u ■ v.:j,;--:vy-, Ckina lies in a kftd of a Squarc,a§|J is Co populouSjthat there hsvQ been reckon'd 60 Millions of people fit to be tix'd. The Rivers are fo full of Boats, that it is thought they have more than all the Rivers of the World bcfide. The Revenue of the King is faid to be 1 f o Millions of Gold ^ or, as others affirm , 400 Millions of ^ Ducats. -A^ . -^- •-, ,..^^v, ;.. .v''v-^-=> The Chinefis laugh at our Maps, that place their Kingdom in one of the extremities of the World, averring, that they lie in the mid- dle, as the Jews pretended for Jerujakm^ the Greeks for Delpbosj and the Moors for Granada. The Chine fes alio fay, that they have two Eyes, the Europeans one, and mat all other Nations have none at all. They have been alwayfo jealous to conceal the Maxims of their Policies, that willingly they will not give Strangers admittance into their Countrcy. The great Wall, or Entrenchment rather^ ,^ 400 Leagues in length,was a Work of more Labour than Ufe ,• for the Tartars have feveral times over-run C/j^'«<», 1 twithftanding that Obftacle. If you will believe their HiftQries, they will tell you, That the Tartars have troubled China for above thefe 4000 years. In thefe laft years there have been ftrange Revolutions in this Em- pire : For after the Rebels had a tars under Xuncbi tlieir King, conquer d their Countrey in lefs thani feven years, beginning fmce 164;. Their Military Force wa? but fmall, the Men of Learning overpowering the Men of the Sword; h that the ftrength of their Kingdom was only their Number»ancl their Policy. Their Principal Nobility and Rulers were call'd Man- darins ^ and now the T^yf^r keeps his Tartar and C/j;«c/e Officers un- der the Title of Vice-Roys ; the one for War, the other for Learning ; there is only this difFer-cnce, that now the Sword ore-tops the Gown, and the Mandarins are dipt of their Power , which they cxei-cife with no fmall Pride over the People. - i > i - n ■r Taga- mmm 43^ OfChim] *W' ^ Paganifm Is generally received,, yet Vertue is in high cfteem. The publigk is far richer in proportion than private men. They continue l^eir Writing from the top to the bottom in length. Tliey have a- - bove 60000 Letters, but not above 300 Words, which are for the moft part, all Monofyllables. So that whereas the Europeans have few Letters, but many Words, thQ,Chmefes have many Letters, but few Words, which they pronounce with a various Tone, denoting thq \»rious Signification pf the Word, fo that they may be faid to fing rather than fpeak. The Chlnefes are fo in love Wfith their Hair that they will rather fufFer Death than be fhav'd. -' r.v.t All Ci&;W is divided into 1 5" Provinces, whifti are bigger than large Kingdoms. There are 10 towards the Smh^ that is to fay, Junnan^ ^eichcUj ^(^ngfi^ .^antmgy fokieft, Chekfapg, Kiadgjiy Ki~ J angnattgy or Nankingj Suchueny an.d Hutjuangy which Provinces united fomecall by the Name of, Cathay., or Katay, as theycallthe Southern Mankin. The five to the North are Xenfiy Xanjiy Becheliy or Peking'^ Xantungy Honan , to which they alfo reckon the Territory called Lsaotttngy and the Peninfula Corea. The llles ot Chwa arc Jinatt towards the South ; near to the ^oafl of Fokien lie ^emoy and Eywtiy ; further off at Sea appears Fermofa; and to the Eajl- of Cheklang are the Ifles Chanqut and Chexan. T\\QV\:o\\ncQ oi Peking ox Pecheliy is the firft in dignity, and is * divided into eight lefler Counties, containing 13 1 Cities. .^^ r. The Metropolis is Peking, by the Tartars J^ntiep, by Marcus Paulus 'Cambalu, in g^Degr. yo North. Latitude, adorned with many ftate- ^ ly Palaces or Courts : Accctfding to the Dutch Narration, the Em- ■ ' peror's Court was exa<5bly fquare, containing 3 quarters of an hours walk, with 4 Gates oppofite to the 4 Angles of the World ; at the end of this Court flandsa Bridge, on each fide whereof ftand three Elephants , richly cap.,rifoad, and generally loaded with gilded Tiowersf'tt^ough this you enter into another Quadrangle of 400 paces, at the end of which (land three (lately Houfcs. . Beyond this a third, and iarther a fourth Court all-pav'd with Free-ftone, and bein^4oo fpaces fquare. In this (lands the Emperor's Throne, and four (lately Edifices curioufly built, and covered with coftly Roofs, adorned with gilded Galleries. Beyond this .Court are feVeral Or- chards and Gardens pU-nted With all forts of Trees, Jid ad.orncd: with curious Building|: And thus flourifhed the Palace oiPekiVy rebuilt by the Tartars in Ann. i^4f . In or near the Place of Paoting theEmperor Honngti ancieritly plan- ted the Seat q^his Kingdo^n ; and on tiiQ J^afi^/fde of the City Hokicn * ' iVands Chine ;-i > "•■'■'■ ^f China. .-. ,.\ ; .^ 43S> ftands a great Temple, in the middle of which is a ftately and great Image. Cb'mting is great and populous. Jenkln and jmyprig are ftrong places for the defence ot the Emj^ire. The Garifon^Tienc'm lies on the Bay Xang ; it is a Port or Kaven Town to Peking, and of a great Trade ^ and on th^Nonh-fide lies the great Garifon Xang- /&/«;>, on the Ifland Cw. * Weftward beyond the Province of Pfy^/;;_^ lies Xavji, on the North' whereof lies the great Wall, andl)chind that the Tartar Kingdom oiTangUy and the Defert Xamh. This Province is divided into five Counties, having eighty fix Cities^and tho not very big, yet is plea- iiint. The Gity Taifveriis thd Metropolis ^ which for its Antiquity of Building, ftately and brave Edifices, is accounted amongft the bed: Cities of China', At the City Tingiany the Emperor Jau kept his Court withiit the Walls; and without the Gates o{ Fuendeu ihinds two ftately, ancient, and magnificent Buildings. The Province of Xenji extends into the Kingdom ofPrefier John. CafarcindThchety which the Cy&/»(?/«j in a general Name caW Sifan;, it is a large Province , and is divided into eight Co .iities, having one hundred and eighty Cities: Sigan is the Metro^cUs of the whole, feated on the River G«fi, in a Inoft pleafant anc^deligHtful place, of a noble Prolped, and good Trade. In the Year 1625-. a Stone was found in digging a Foundation for aHoufe, infcribed with the Old Chinefc and Siriack Chara<5lerSjWhicb contained the Chriftian Religion. Cungchand, Ftwgciang, Hanchung, Ki?igyangj and Linyao, are the chief Cities of the Countries of the fame Names. Socheu is a ftrong Hold, and well fortified,* Xancheuy, or Cancbeu is very ftrong, and the Refidence of a Vice-Roy. Xantung may juftly be efteemed an Ifland, being wafhed by the Sea on one fide, and feparated by fever4 Rivers on the other, and. is divided into fix Countries. ^ Chinan, the Metropolis of the whole Province^ is very large, and full of ftately Houfes, having two Lakes within its Walls, out of which flow fevcral little' Streams through the whole City,- it is alfo ador- ned with feveral ftately Temples. Among the great Cities of this Province, Lincing exceeds in Inhabitants, Buildings and Trade, but above all for its Porcelaiie Tower ninety Cubits high , curioufly adorned with Imagery and Painting without, and within laid with Marble of divers colours fmoothly poiiflicd,- on the Top ftands an Image caft of Copj^er, and gilt, thirty foot high. The Province oi' Hcnan,hyil^^Chinijes thought to lie in the mid- dle of the World, becaufe it lies in tlu; m«ift oiCLi^ay it is divided 1. ■* ' '^^^ 1" r*-'- into I' . '-■'¥■ ■ -r'-i 440 Of China. , ii.co nine Territories and Countries, having one hundred and eight Cities. The chief City CaifiwgMcs about two Leagues from the TeL hw-River, whofe Water is faid to be higher than the City : The other chief Cities avc^tnte, Ch^gte, lioyian, Nunyavg^ zti&Juning. Suchuen is a great Province^ an4leparated by the River Kiang, and is. divided into eight Countries, containing one hundred and fifty Cities 5 befides Garifons. C'mgtu is the Metropolis , and lieth in an Iflandj yet includes feveral Moats_, over which are many Bridges • Tawing, Xunking, SincbeUj Chunking, ^icheu, Ltfggan, are the chiet Cities of the oflier parts of this Province. ,• The Province Hitjuang is divided alfo in the middle by the Rive; Kiang. The Chinefes call it the Land of Fifli and Rice^ and the Store- house of China, and have a Proverb, that the reft of the Province,, afford them but one Meal , but that of Huquang feedf them all the " year long ; it is divided into fifteen Countries, containing one hun- dred Cities great and fmall, and eleven Garifons. : The Metropolfs whereof is Vttchang, on the South Shore of the River Kiang, Hanyang, Siangyang, Tegan, Hoangcheu, Kingcbeu, Jocheii, Changxa, Taoking, Hancheu, Chante, Xincheu, lungchett, Chingyang^ and Chingtien, are the other chief Ciriesj» and' C(6;»gtfAc« is the chief City of a little Territ/;;.>!» alfo had fcnietime a T-Vicioryin the year 1662. ■■• i. The ".'P" ■'kwr^'m'i^np'fiifr^m^ sight The ning, ,and fifty maii chief '-■■'¥■'■'..,■ Of China, ■'• ./\ v- -^ , 4^1. The Gity Cheencheu lies near the Sea, in a delightful Plain^witha large Bay, that the grcateft Ships ride clofe under the Walls. Chau^ cheu. of great Trade.for all rich and foreign Commodities. Kieming upon the River MV, is a place of great Trade, for all Commodities pafs through it. Hinhoa is ^leatly built, adorned with many trium- phant Arches and Colledges for the encouragement of Learning/ XaoHw and Tmcheu are alfo confiderable. Foning is alfo fair and large, lying near the Sea. The Caftle Ganhui near Changebeu hath a convenierA Haven for Ships: Kn^Tmyan is aftortfor the defence oftheSea-Coaft. The Province of CMi<»»g exceeds all the reft in fertility of Soil, delightfulnefs in Prolpeds, and in plenty of Silk ,• it is divided into eleven great Countries, having eighty three Cities or Towns, befides unwalled places, Caftles and populous Villages. Hanchew is the chief- eft City, thought to be theancient ^inzaj. Kiahirtgis moted about with Rivulets of Water, full of ftately and well-built Strudures,* all the Streets are arched, under which they walk as in a Piazzaj free from wind and weather. NieticheUy Kincheu, Cbucheu, Kinhoa, Vencheu^ Niftgpo andXoahing, all chief Cities, and bravely adorned,* notiar from Ningpo lies Liawfo ^ once much frequented by the Vortugah, The whole Province of Chekiung is every where cut through with Rivers, Rivulets and murmuring Streams, fome natural, others arti* ficial. The chief River Che, which gives name to the Country, of which they tell us, that annually upon the eighteenth day of the eight Moon, (which is our October) a prodigious Spring-tide happens, roaring extreamly in its afcent, beyond the loud murmur of Cata- rads or Water-breaks , and comes with a head high and ftrang^ly mounted above the Waters. The Province of Nankingy by the Tartars called Kiangnan, is the lecond in honour, in magnitude and fertility in all China: It is di- vided into 14 great Teriitoiies, having Cities and Towns an hun- dred and ten ; Nanking, or Kiavgning, being the Metropolis ; a City, that if fhe did not exceed molt Cities on the Earth in bignefs and beauty, yet ftie was inferior to few, for her Pagods, her Temples, her Poi cclane Towers, her Palaces and Triumphal Arches. Fttngi- ang, SuchcH, Sunkiavg, Leucheu, Hoaigan, Ganking, Ningue, Hoeichen^ are alfo eminent places and of great Note and Trade. The Province of .^antung lies along upon the Sea-fbore, having many convenient Havens aijd Harbors j it contains ten Counties, and eighty great and fmall Cities, ^ancheu^or Canton by the Port»~ gals, is the Metropolis and chief of the Province j exceedingly beau- . 1 1 1 titled yMK^ ' ■ '^ 441. . ' Ofaina.'i\ %^^r^. tifled witlvPagods, Palaces, ftately Stm&Mm, afki TrHifnphal Ar- chesf fortified with ftrong Walls, Towers, Bulwarks and Redoubts, defended by five Caftles. Of the greateft Trade, and the richeft in the whole Kingdom. The other great Cities are Xaecheu, Hoeideu, Chd^beu, Chaocking^ Litncbitty and Luichtu. The liland of Jinan, or Haimtn^ii reckoned for the Tenth County, it lies in the Bayof Trw- king, feparated from China by a Chanel ot above five Leagues broad, where they fiih for Pearls : its chief City is Kiunchtu or Ingly, fbrtifi-^ ed with ftrong Walls, handfome buildings, and well feated for Trade, and the whole Ifland produces all NecefTafies for human fuftenance. Southwards of Canton lies many fmall Iflands in the Sea, on one of which, or rather a little Rock, joined to a great Ifland, lieth the City Macao, once poffeffed by the Tortuguefe, i'o naturally foitified, that 'tis almoft invincible, being defended with two ftron g Caftles againft the attempts of an Enemy. The province oi ^anfi'in bignefs, plenty of Merchandife, and plealant Fields, may compare with the reft. It is divided into eleven great Countries, which contain 98 Cities great and iinall,the chief whereof is ^ilia, full of ftrange Strudures,- other chief Cities are Gucbeu, Kingyang, Cincheu Nunning^ Taking, Cbingan, and others. The Province of <^'6&*«is divideciinto eight 8 Counties, having great and fmall Cities to the Number of 81, of which ^hang is the chief; Chiny'veng, Tuny'mg, Lining, are the next confiderable. •-"' ' The Province of Junuan, tno the laft in place, is not the leaft in ex^ tent and goodnelsj viz, in theabundance of rich Commodities. 'Tis divided into twelve Provinces, containing eighty feven Cit s great and fmall, befides thirteen Garifons. The Metropolis Juman boafts to be one of the beftand greateft Cities in allC^/W,flouri/hing in Trade and Riches, adorned with fair Strudures and Temples. Jungmng, Li- kiangy Taogan, Tali, Manhoa, Kinghung and Lancatd, are other chief places. In fhort,they reckon in thefe Counties twelve hundred ninety nine Towns, Jtwo hundred forty feven great Cities, called Cheu, and eleven hundred fifty two little Towns, called Hien, yet as big as an or- dinary City in Europe, Martinitts fets down thirteen hundred forty eight Towns, whereof one hundred fifty nine are great, called Ci^f», and the other H/c». Therearealfo great Garifons, or Military Coun- tries, every one with lelTer Garifons under their commands, thirty fe- ven in number i alfo feveral Forts and Caftles to the number of one hundred feventy fix. Befides thefe Towns and FortrefTes, China is ve- ry full of innumerable Villages and Hamlets/o that it appears to be as one entire City. - ^'Vr- Corea Cw Nieucl on wl wracli man^ that popuj ons, low. latioii *.w^ Of China. ' 4jJ C9rea is divided into eight Territories; on the North it joins t»* Nieuche in Tartar^; tlie 5(»»f /& refpcfts the Ifland F<««gw<», or j^r/Mrr*/, on which in the year 16^3. the Ship Sperv^cr of Batdvia was flbip- wracked, and of fixty four men thiiTy gottofhore,«wlioluffei'e ,a hole Brand nailed ^Tfc a ftiii andie that r near '^ they< or Sc Tl Fane civil in A celU vice \vor f ■yight ^ Sacci invinci pleafan I J"ll"IVtfl|P ' in the •nsthe eymi. vhicii { with lifter iiJgby who lacc: bove a hundred thoufand houles burnt , iiiid ns mnny Inhabitants ilcftro) cd , a great number of Palaces and Temples , and Forty -ight Millions of Gold. ^■■i f- .' ., '; Saccai is one of the ftatelieft Cities In all Japan,Con\fiCL\ with an invincible Caftlc ,• and there is (carcc any place in J'afiau^ thai foe pleafantnefs furpalfeth Jonda, Mavavry is a hand (oni City, crown d with many Spices : Akay is welUbrtified w ith a Callle , ant' fur- rounded with a Wall : Ofacca is a Stately and hnpcrial City, in the midft of which ftands the much celebrated Temple of the Idol Ca- von, or their Neptune. And before the Earthquake hiieen hundred eighty five , there was the faireft and largeft Palace that ever Sun fhined upon : And a large Caftlc built by Taicofaf»a. Tcwpe and CawPania may not be compared to the pleafantnefs of S^joja , fo exceeding delightful^ as the Durch Ambaflador tells uSj that the whole Earth cannot fhew a finer fpot of Ground. Onwari is fituatc on the hanging of a pleafant Hill, near which is a fteep Rock, on which ftands an invincible Caftle, which is fecn: at a great diftance. ^ano is the moft artificial built City in all Japan. Vion^o was^ ruin'd in the War of Kobanunga and the Emperor Cajjlu. 'Mia is curioufly built and adorned with many Temples. The ftately City Occa[a\ci is fortified with a ftrcng Caftlc,* Jofin- da is of a delightful Situation. Sarmga is a great but ruinous City. Facione is the place where is kept a ftrong Guard ,• formerly a famous City, but fwallowed up, and muffled into Ruins andRubbifh by an Earthquake, which are very frequent in Japan. Oudarro is a ftately City, adorned with a fumptuous Palace, and lofty Spires, i The other chief Iflands about Japan, are Bungo, Cikoko, Sny- kok, or X'lmo , all one Ifland , but thus called by leveral Authors. 2. Tonfa, or Xicoco , or Tokocfe and Chic cock. 5. Flrando and Got 10^ with innumerable others. Coyigoxuma is the firtt City where the Tortuguefe landed and got footing in Japan , .and was their Staple : Navgefaoue is the chief Staple and Refidence of the Dntch in Japan, firft built by the Vcriu^ gucfe. This Lodge, or Fovtreis, lies on rhe imall Ifland Dlfma, and is the Magazine for all Indian Commodities , and the beft harbor for the reception of Merchant VelTels, of any Port in Japan. At this day the Hollanders pretend all Trad,e at Japan. The extent oijc-jjo, being Mountainous, and abounding with Furs, is yet unknown, only that 'tis a vaft , and wild Country lull' of Savage People , cloathed with Skins of wild Beafts , who can giv4^ account further than they dwell. G,^ ■■ 'Wf^^^^ : 4 :S^i^ 448. - Of the I S L E S in de Indian Sea. •SY.ft '■' '^^ '"^f'? '""'"'^i'= Mes ,'tlut 'tisfmpoffible to give a -A. i« ,. wintwwwi " ■*^/»««J. ^ X' I •■*■; in erf "^ir t&c Of Of th ffles of ths Miaii Sea. 449 m^m «,■ . \-i^ji---f:fiK.:»f--:m ; Of the Jjlantls of the MALDiyESiU^ THE MrtWifwlflan^Safcitiiate under the H^mncStalLine, derive their Name from the principal City called Male, and Dive ; which fignifies an Ifland.They ^e repkpn'd to be about i2ooo,but that is fuppofed to be only by taking a certain Number for an un- certain : They aredifperfed from the North-Weft to the South-Eaft, into I ; Provinces, which the Inhabitants call Att$Uonj , every one of which is fenc'd with a Bank of Sand; butfome of them are on-^ ly Sand-hills, or Rocks, being all of them> -^ly little,- hi Male ,, the chief, is but^aXeague about. They are dividt^d by Arms of the Sea,and environ'd with Rocks, which renders the Accefs to them very difficult ; There are fome Ports or Openings , one oppofite to another , fo plac'd, that they give an Entrance into the four AttoUms , for the benefit of Trade, otherwife the Currents would carry the VelTels above 7 or 800 Leaguesbeyond. The Currents run fix Months to the Eaft,and fix to the Welhfometimes more,fometimes leis: But the Sea being /hallow, the Winds outrageous, and few Commodities to be had, thefe Illands are not frequented by the Europeans. The King of Maldives is cz\- UdPjifian; his Kingdom is never governed by the Female Sex; and for his Revenue it confifts in the Misfortunes of others , that is to fay ,W recks at Sea. So that th':,'-e isnotrufting to the A/;?/^;^^^ Pilots, wlio will caft away a Ship on purpofe that their King may have the Spoil. On the other fide , the King himfelf ufes to carefs the Matters of Ships, and to invite them to his Ifland, to the end, that dying of the Diflemper of the Ifland, which carries of ftrangers in a (hort time, he may be Heir to their Goods. The Natives are little, Olive-coloured, and Mahumetans : They are fubjed to violent Fevers and Sicknefs, by rcafon of the exceffive heat. They rtiave with cold V^ater, catch Fi/K fwimming, and will dive to the bottom of the Sea to find a convenient place where to caft their Anchors. They will fetch up out of the Sea,with an incredible eafmefsj .: n 1 00000 weight, by the help of a Cable, and fome pieces of their Candon Wood. Their Coco s are very profitable to them, for of thofe they make fVine,Hone^j Sugar ^Mtlk and Butter. They eat Jl- monds inftead oi Bread, yNhh. all forts of Food. They putevery Trade into i\ particular Ifland; and to prcferve their Wares from Vermin, they builc^ thcii- Storehouiesupon Piles in the Sea,abouf an 100 paces from their Iflcs. ., M m in ,. A 4» i^ 45Q Of the jftes in the Tndian Sea, A Defcription of ZEILOl^, ^Vm CETZOl^, the Nangieris ^Ftol* [Kg ^'-j^'-^jT ; kw. * , ^ri,ei: .'',%'^' M*^<:'- .i MwMa£ of ICi: YXo :n-| by^obJiorAen :f , ■r i *. *> w f f !, :\>o51 C^'-f.vfL "^^i >(* •10 i £.. ^oturwtt^ ;1 »i« .Ujli'c Col Bcatyamtsy tow " J*' .COVKI,* umt i ;; : < %\\'-j: Agra. Center "^r^J^^.- C5jf«te/ .Matura, •. "BUckhtis. '^ ;. /// tlil»«j2„ Point de Galle\il '^ THE KoOan/ier Is now Mafter of all the Sca-Coaft j the Inlancl Country is now under the King of Can/f^, aiwi is divided into feveral Parts or Provinces ^ which lie upon Hills fxuitful and well watered, and are jtailed in general Conde Uda. ' This This I the EntrJ very narJ ib are ba| t!0 watcl Candyl tants, is f ated in tl decayedJ SouthI King ke| Jlent-] zine fori War by fince th( Mounta ^^ ••<••> have Leawt in the S it becon Rice i fome wi three, t July an whole ': growir Peov^e Tne fido pr JCerneli The lati 't Th like B hela P He fvveei mons, -imtL: WT'W i».?f?i.'J".»«»M' Of the tjles in the Indian Sea, 4^1 This Ijiland Country oiCmde Via is ftrongly fortified oy Nature, the Entrances being up vaft and high Mountains, and the Ways fo very narrow that but one man can go a-breaft ; and thefe Path^ al- fo are barricado'd up with Gates ofThorns, and two or three men to watch and examine all that come or go. " *i> * f . : n.^ . t • Candy ^ or Con^ by the Europeans. Hif$goJagul-Netfrehy the Inhabi- tants, is the Chief or Metropolis, ot the whole Ifland, bravely fcitu- ated in the midft of it for all Conveniences , but of late much decayed. South of Candy, n Miles diftant, lies Nettemhy-Neur , where the King kept his Court when he left Candy, Ment-Neur is the place where the King was born, and his Maga- zine for Corn and Sale. Badoula was burnt down in the time of War by the Vortugals. ,^ Digiigy-Neur is the place where the King now keeps his Court fince the Rebellion Anno 1664. Its Scituation is very Rocky and Mountainous, ocing a glace for Safety and Security. Ar^'^-^dgbarro is one of the ruinous Cities where they (ay 90 Kings have j*ied, diftant { rom Candy. 90 Miles Northwards. Leawava affords Salt in abundance, the Eafterly Winds beating in the Sea, and in the Wcfterly Wind (which makes fair Weather) it becomes Salt. . - r - ■'>- , u ': v ' • .1^!-. Rice is the chief eft Flower of their Corn,whichisof feveral forts; fome will be ripe in Icven Months , others in fix, five, foftr , and three, but all requires water to grow in. Their Seed-time is about July and Augufi, their Harveft about February. Of Fruits there are great plenty and variety, viz,, the Betel. Nut, whofe Leaves are y or 6 Foot long , and have other lefler Leaves growing out r 1 the fides of them ^ fome of thefe Nuts will make People drunk, and giddy-headed, and purge, if eaten green. Tnere arc alfo Jacks, which a;-e as big as a Peck-Loaf, the out-* fido pricky like a Hedgehog, and of a grcenifii colour^ the Seeds or Kernels do much refemble Chefnuts in colour and tafte.. The Jombo is like an Apple full of Juice, and pleafant to the Pa- lat; 'tis white, and delicately coloured with red, as if painted. .. There are alfo Murros , like Cherries , fweet to the tafte ,• Dongs, like Black Cherries ,• Ambeloes, like to Barberries; CaroUa Cabella, C&** hela Paradigye, like our Pears. Here are alfo Coker-Nuts, Plant'ines, and Baftaras of divers forts, (Weet cind ibwre Oranges, Limes, Partaurings, in tafte like our Lent^ monsj but much bigger ; Mangoes of feveral forts, Pine-Apples, Su- M m Hi % leY-^ j.£»Wi mmmmmmmmmmmf^im'i'immmm ( •/ ^fi ^ - Of the Jjlartds in th^ Indian Bea, gar-Cane Sy Watcr-MelonSjVomffranatesy Graces black and white ^ /£"- rabUns, Codk-ws^ and feveral other. There is alfo the TaUijfot-Tree, which bears no kind of Fruit until the laft yearof itrlife, and then it comes out full of yellow Blot foms which fmell very ftrong. which come to a Fruit round and hard as big as our Cherriesbut not good to eat j but theLeaf of this Tree is fo Droad and large, that it will cover i y or :yo men , and keep them dry when it rains ,• and the Pith within the Tree is good to eat, and taftes much like to white Bread. There is alfo the Kettale-Tree , which yields a delicious Juice, rarely fweet and plealant to the Palat , which they^take from the Tree two or three times a day, which Liquor they boil, and make a kind of Sugar. The Cinnamon-Tree grows wild in the Woods as other Trees, and by them no more efteemed , being as plenty as Hazjcl in England. The Cinnamon is the Bark or Rind, which when on the Tree looks •whitijli, when tiiey pull it cfF they fcrape it and dry it in the Sun. The Wood riath no fmell, 'tis cf a white ':olour, and foft like Fir. TheLeaf much refembles Laurel bothii: coulourandthicknefs. The young Leaves look red like Scarlet ; if bruifed , they will fmell more like C»W« th^n Cinnamon. It bears a Fruit wJiicii ',s ripe in September, much like an Acorn , but fmaller,- it neither taftes nor Imells like as the Bark, but being boiled in Water, it will yieM an Oil, wh!ch when cold, is h?rd as Tallow, and white, and of an ex- cellent fmell j and 'tis ui'ed for Ointment for Aches and Pains, and to burn In Lamps. There is alio the Ovula, the Fruit whereof they make ofe of for Piiyfick in Purges ; and being beat in pieces in a Mortar , and ibak'd in Water , it will dye a very good Black ,• and mfty Iron lying one Night in the Water will become bright, and the Water black like Ink. The Betel-Tree, whofe i-eaf is fo much loved and eaten, grows Kke I'vy, twining about Trees or Poles, which they ftick into the ground for it to run up by^ and as the Betel grows, the Poles grow alfo. Of Roots, they have Aloes, or Inyames of divers forts ; fome they plant, and others grow wild in the Woods. Thefe ferve for Food, and for Sauce, or a Relifh to their Rice ,• fome of them in a year or two will grow as big as a man's Wafte, others as big as a man's Arm. the They T , \ ^■'W.''*^rf-' Of the Iflantfs h the Indian Sea, 4n They have Herbs offeveral forts, fbme in Six Months growing to maturity, the Stalk as high as a man can reach ^ and being boil- ed almoft as good as Jfparagus. They have Cokwarts, Carrots jRadiJbeSj Fennel, Balfantj Spearmint ^Mufiar J. There is alfo Fern, Indian-corn, fe- veral forts of Beans, Cneumhers, CalabaJJas and Tumkins. And tlic Dutch have Lettice, Rofcmarj, Sage and othsr European Herbs and Plants vi^hich grow well there. > > ' - '^ - , . ThQfVoods arc ihQiTJpotkecaries Shops,where with Herbs^ Leaves, and the Rinds of Trees, they make all their Phyfick and Plaiftcrs, with which they will make notable Cures. Of Flowers they have great variety, growing wild, as Roles red and white, and feveral ether forts ol iweet fmelling Flowers, one called the Sendric-mal, of a niurry colour, and white, which opens at 4 of the Clock in the Evening, and fhuts at 4 in the Morning^ which ferves them fome times inftead of a Clock. The Vichamauls are a white Flower like our Jafmine, well fcent- ed i the King hath a parcel of them every Morning bi ought to him, wrapt in a white Cloth j but the Hlow-w^^M/fare the chief Flow- ers the young people ufe, and are of greateft value among them. They have Cows, BuffaloivsjHogs, Goats, Deer, in great abundance ;. Hares, Dogs, 'Jucols, Apes, Tygers, Bears, Elephants. There are Ants ot divers forts , fome worthy our remark, viz. the Cora-atch,which is a great and black Ant, living in the Ground, making great hollow holes in the Earth, and have no Sting. The Faco's^TQ the moft numerous, whofe hinder part is white, and the head red,* they eat and devour all they come at, except Iron and Stone,* they creep up the Walls of Houles , and build an Arch of Diit over themfelves all the way as they climb , be it never io high ,' and }.n places where there are no Houfes , they will raife great Hills, or Humhffes , fome five or fix foot high , fo hard and iirong, as not eafily digged down with Pickaxes,withih full of hol- low Vaults and Arches where they dwell. Their Nefts are much like Honey-combs, full of Eggs and young ones ; As they encrcale. m multitude, fo they alfo die in multitude ^ for when they comft •:o maturity they have wings , and in the Evening, after Sun-fct, they iffue forth in vaft numbers, that they almott darken the sky, flying to fuch a height, that they go out of fight, and fo keep tly- Ang tUl they fall down dead upon the Earth. Of J 4T4 Of thttjlesmihe Indian Sedi Of the Hies eif Sonde, . d-> ■^^:i*?^d '^t'\^ :•"[' • ■ ;, ■ ,,_:,,..;,, ,ni;;i,tbat will eat theRiw-iiefh of their Enemies with Pepper and Salt. Thei City of Achem is the beft in?.il the Ifland, it has been better than it is j it lies half a League horn the Sea upon a Plain, by the fide of a River, as large as the Seim in France , but very fhallow. There is alfo a. Fortrefs upon tb/" Bank of the Riven J, for it affords all kind of Spices, Stones, und other Commodities of the Eafi-hdies. The Spaniards csiil Bantamthe Geneva of the Eafi. Jacatra,or: Batavia,[s the Rcfldence of the Copful for the Holland Company ,ever fince the year 1*519. itis- defended by a good Cittadel,with four regulated Baftions^it lies in a Bay, which being fecur'd toward the Sea by fomelflands.makes the beft Road in ^^\the Indies. yorr^w,next to that,is one of the beft Ports, and moft frequented. Borneo, T 4s6 Of the Ijlandi in the Minh ^X Borneo, the very biggeft Mand of all Afa, aboands in MirobaUni and Camphire : it has feveral good Ports,but few good Cities. Some fay th.it it was the Java o£ Mark Poll o£Venicty and that the Leffer Java was that already mentioned. The City is built upon Piles in die Sea, at the mouth of a fiir River, having a large and commo- dious Harbor. The Natives have a peculiar King of their own, as likewife has Bender-Majjin, Sambos is the Capital City of the King- dom, affording Diamonds. ^fi;-».^"-^'' ' ^^ yjii Of the PHILIP PINE IJlanJ^. •ri; li . \, ■M ' r I i. J • •\ < ■ ..n 1>T •rj.fi>.| il V ) Tte PttltlPINE Is-LAS -fl«/ r^. Rah. MjirJ^'n nt mi Of the iflesin the Indian SeM^ 4^t ..o >^y< .V T)J The PHILiPP IV B IJlanHs^-'^l-^ 'M\^h. m; Piifi//^theSccohd gave his own Name to thcfc Iftamlsj which arei about Forty or Fifty great' Ones; for fhould we reckon up little" on«s,they woiild makt^fey Mitationi,fome Thpufands.themoft part of them very fertile, and the Inhabitants pay their Trioutc in Soldiers. The Council of Spain oftentimes propofed the quitting of thofe. Iflands, becaufe of the expences of the Gaiilons: But becaufe they lie convenient for the Trade between China and theiWb/wc^iiflands. the King was refolvedtokeep them. Thelllanders are valiant, ana prefeiire their Liberty in feveral places. Luc on, otherwife New-Cafijle , is the biggeft of all the Philippine Iflands. The City ili^»»i7^, which lends its Name to the whole Body of thtfe Iflands, is the Seat of the Viceroy, and an Archbiihop: It is but fmalljbut neat and well fortifiedjand fafe from Mining,two thirds of the Town lying upon a River navigable forBarks,and the third part lying upon the Sea. Beddes Spaniards and Indians, there are fe- vera! Chinefes that refort thither^ as to the Magazine of the richeft Commodities in'the World. Cavife,tw6 Leagues from the City, is the principal Haven, fecured from the winds, and fortified with two wooden Forts. The Bay is 40 Leagues in compafs, where there is a Convenience to build great Gallions, however the North winds blow hard upon it,* the Bottom is bad and Entrance difficult. New Segovia, or Cagajon is in the moft Northern parts of the Ifle Lucon. Tandaya, or Philippina. is South-Eaji from the Southermoft part of Lucon, and the Straight between them is called the Straight ofMa^ nilla, efteemed the beft and moft pleafant of all the Iflands, whole chisf phce is Achan. ' • f ,.i/'«' The Ifland Mindanao has been in the Spaniards hands but a little while. ^ ^y S:. Juan^ or John,\{QS North-Eafi of Mindanao. That o£Pifragoya. or Caiamianes oi Boterus , the Puloam of Maginus , who difcovered thefe Iflands in i yao, and fome otliers, obey their own Kings. Ce^ bu and Mat an are known the firft by the dilcovery of Magellan, th« other by the death of Magellan, The Spnniards thit are bound to the Philippines never Kail through our Hemifphere ; and therefore they would have thefe Iflands, as well as the Molncca'sj to be the Bounds of the IV^Jl-lndies , which K n a thev. « ,\ ■ "^^J-^JIikm^^i %. wmm 45« Of ^he J[fl0s hthe Jndi^ Sea. ^ !!l*^^vi?'' j^*' reafon wouia have to reach as far as the Moluces's O 'Ji'rf ^i' ^'^ ^'''^'''' ""^'^^ g»^« Name to a M^^^^^^^ From the P^ W Ifland Eaftward, there lies feveral other Ifle. call(^ m Sjanijh ty the general Name 7^, Je las FlChytcbJi IJks deUdrma or If mm , of which I find nothing memoraSe except th^r Kames in fome Maps ^ And that the if hStfaS ^ poor, *if»Hfi4,an4 great Jhieves,. ,,,. '. , awcantsai*. I""" " —' 7 '-v,'-. 1 •: { -;•; 7l« m^"^ Of the IJles h the Mian Sea. ASf ■n t ?.'■ K.^i .:..■ . 1 I ^ ^ // >i| K\. \ S S n'i V ^' .^^ «) ^ s ^ j flj; J #^i -T^ S 7375ii V5a' 3»i;^' 7^f MO LUCCA TflaHJs^'^vJ-'t'i siS^r uvbt THere are five of tl\efe Iflands that carry the'paiticular Name ot Moluccas : Tlicla five lllandsare very imalljCeatpd much about the Equinoitical Line , in an unwholfomc Air for Strangers. They are under feveral Kings: The HoUanders have alfo fome FortrelTcs there. They afford Nutmegs,Ginger,and Cloves,- Ternate, the big-' geil of the five little ones , is eight Leagues about, with a Moun- tain that cafts out fire. It hath beiides, feveral Villages uninhabited' in times of war, three Cities or rather Tons,viz,.Gammalar»mejMay^ loye, now called Orange • Tacony^ by the Dutch IVilliam-Stad: The relt are Ttdor, very confiderabie^ Motir, Machoanj Bachian. .'. gn« ' The Moluccas are good Soldiers, and for the raoft part Mahume-^ t4ns. Befides the Kings of T^rw^t/^, T/^er and B^jcAww, there are feve- ral others in the Celebes Ifland^ and Gilolo. The King of MacaJJarin. the Celtietf particularly has a while fince extraordinarily fortified bis City. He has always given Strangers free entrance into liis Ports. In i6r67. he treated with the Hollanders, and quitted the Vortugals,. But in i668. the HuU/inders obliged him to trade with no other Na- tion but th^m : And there was a Report that the Dutch have fincc jfeized upon, and taken MacajJ'ar. The Air of thisCounti7 isgood,but the Heats are infupportable in the Day-time. Formerly the Natives of iW^c<«j7ir eat Human-fleJli,for which reafon the NeighbouringPrinces fent them all their Criminals. Celebes is fertile in Rice, and the LandofPapous yieldsGold, Am- bergreece, and Birds of Paradife. Banda is an Ijland towards the South of the Molucca* s, with five or fix other Iflands about it, to which it gives its Name. It is the oaly Ifland in the World that produces Nutmegs and Mace : There is in it a burning Mountain , and in the year 1615:. all the great Guns in the Ifland were fpoil'd About four years before the barbarous Proceedings of the Dutch at Amboyna, they rtiot Captain Courtupt in his Boat, going from his Houfe and Fadory in PoUeroon, to one of the adjacent Clove Iflands, called' L^»for^; on w'yin.rh Ifland, not long after, ibme EngliJhiuffeTi fuch unparallel'd ant' baitvarous Cruelty by the Dutch as a created Nature was capable «_ fen.iuring. In the year i6i7.thcLihabitants of J5<»»j^ ///// lip MSi I ■^i\lmmf^^ ^ ^|^mmmmmmm ■m \ ' f Y 4^0 .•■7- 6f the Ijles in the tndiaii ♦ > dered them at their pleafure, and abufed their Wires, whilft them- fclvcs were enforc'^ .tQl<(ol(ooj protelting a|fo , that they never gave theleaft confentto them topoilefs their Ifland, which was ac- cepttdof by the Englifii but in the year 1622. they were forced by the D$tteb to abandon thoBamla Iflands,* and it is credibly reported, that after the EngJilb had left thofe Iflands, the numerous fhoals of Macicrely which was the chiefeft fuppojrt to the Inhabitants , and which conftantly came in their Seafon^ forfook thofe Iflandsalfo. Amhomay towards the Suttb of the MtHucctis^ gives its Name to ibme Other lues. It is an Ifland abounding in Clwa ; for the buying and gathering whereof^ thQ Englifihsid five FaHories the chiefeft whereof was at Amboynay the other at HittOy at Larica. at CambiUoy and Lob^, who begun to be rich j when on the iitb otFebntaryy i6i%y began the barbarous proceedings of the Vntcb againft the £nr^%i^)Where the C-wo Elements of Fire and Water, althomercilefs of themfelvesjby making their Fury more deliberate , were here inftru<%ed to be more unmerciful, whilft accurate Cruelty did torment even inven- tion it felf to torment the innocent. The Dutcb have now feveral Forts there 'Tis tlieir befi Colony next to that of Bataviay and they iiave forced the Inhabitants of the Ifland to tmde with no other*^ And here let me remark, how ftrange and admirable indeed it ^x That a fm^U number of Merchants, alTembled at firft upon the fingleicore of Trade, (hould, in a few years, prefumeto make war in Countries fo far diftant, and to aifail fo many potent Kings and "3Princesi to plant fo many Colonies, befiegc 16 many Cities and Forts, expelling the Portifah in many places, furprifing the EngUfij^ •ncroaching upon all. And laftly fetting forth fo many Navies at fueh prodigious Charges and Expences, ot about 1 3 Millions a year, ihat the moft pott nt Sovereigns in the Univerfe cannot equalise. ■1.: k The End of ASIA 'I •"" 1* ,._* . „v' ■ >. ■ ■•■■ '-..^ V-. '■■):'. *-*f* I -Al ■- i Of J f 1 .i • ' >;.- r.« ■' i ■ .< J / f: ^^'U.. -«i. .•^u. 'v ''i'V r./»-^,. ^Jl iientiifa '^//v*,' Vl«/A' '''«///. V»*''7/ L* .• - ..' o ''V S ■.V''' ■'** ■•*■...?.....■ /.'* "" .- ^i C./.!.''; o. .•wil«.'il f:/v./A^ * •>■ 'Ch^sii.i.- _ • / '■J',iU\nMii.'c ^, ■' ai f \ -fjJiv.i/iiiJu \ ., .U.iCimi.irr^J^'i-"'--*-. V^I . ^ _: ^ _ ^t . iv / ..'.'iWrmj .;./ ij^'ff. . .. III/?""'"- *'«".'..: -rU \ .> "L T\C yat.il » i- 1 /x . ^.1..^ ^J»^> .«i«T t^.'ldf,. '/ I ,-•/•><• ^y^^ C.ff "•'•■• pffi J.linhraie &J Vclhrs • A .?.V ^W«r3»?«3tHi *"•/« J I'D hi tU I J ^ff. HtivirJiii/utf Tart'lijiifhin ,i.i •'J AFR TC Jy 5y the Ancicnts^was called OlymfiayReJ^eriaficgmid. CvryfbOf Amrmnisy Ortygia, and Ethiopia* By the Greekt and Romans^Ljiiasmdjifiica* By Uie Etbiofiam and Mm/^AlktMan By the "'■.t* ■■ I 1 461. Of Africa. the ArtAnam Ifiichea, Of Ifrifnta j by the Indians , BSecatT; By the Turks Megribon j but the moft noted -Appellation is jifi-ka , either or feparate, or from the ancient Name oi Carthage, called jifi-ka : , By Bochartus from Ftruc, a Corn Countrey. Scituate it is, for the moft part under the Torrid Zone, theE^ua- tor eroding it in the very middle, and therefore by the Ancients lup- ,'pofcd uninhabitable, and parchedwiththe Sun's exceflive heat: But ■•'' what they knew not, and thought almoft impoflibleto be known, is now common j for thefecrets of her deap and remotell Shores are . now beaten up and tra6ted with continual Voyages, lirft by the Pcr- ,^ tugals, and after by the Enzlijlj and Dutch. So that now four famous ' Seas are known to be the bounds of -^)?/c^,* on the North the Afe^i- terranean, on the EafttheJSe<^i'M,or Arabian Gulf, on the South the , Ethiopian, and on theWeft the AtlantickOccsin ; (o that 'tis divided from all the World by Sea, except y^y?<«,whereunto it is joyned by a narrow Ifihmus. The whole being formed like a huge Pyramid or Triangle,whofe largeft extent from North to South, and fromEaft ■ to weft, is differently fet down by moft Geographers,* though con- trary to others, I (hallftate it thus: The length from Cii^&Vcrde to Cape Guardefuy is 72 degrees of Longitude, which is 5256 miles ,• San[on makes it 80 degrees, which is 5840 miles, 584 miles too much: An-', its breadth from Cape Bon to the Cape of Good HopCjii 7a degrees of Latitude,which makes yuo miles, at 75 to a degree. >> ^'Africa in General is divided into thefe Regions or Parts. a\.. i V ■ if- fEex». . Morocco, Tremlfen. Marbary, «< Algier, I Tunis. , I Tripoli, \Barca, Egypt. ^ ;•. f i » "Upper. \Middle, Lowtr, BiJledulgerid. •-•?< \Tejfct. Dara, Segelomeffe, Tegorarin, Zeb. Billedulgerid. *^ThiD^ert(fBarca. Dcfert t^f^ ^mm Of Africa^. 4^3 Defert of Sana. 7irg# or flWr^^t^ BerJoa, Gaoga, ^Borno, ••/".o :: :m — <. 1, iVj. ^^v '■Vo u£thiopia ^Nuhia, i-t^.. -') Superior, j Coaft o/ ^ A'fi ■ V) V St<.i. Inrsrior. ^^'^omotaf. Q Capes, -i,t on: ^j .•■\'::^:< '.I ■ * k r ^Guinea, ,^> iJegrcland. ytombotiu 'Biafara* 19 Kingdoms in all J. ^,.,, ,.., , ^ ...;..::> ;c^ = ' ■•) '..,.!. ■ 'w .^ •-,• MpeTerrfe. : ■•>r. 'jf;-o •'.'.ilx; . ...::,.:.; -^fir"^* i^^^^with v'l :y^ K' Y Mfi t f>^i! ^i-3 i; trailer lOanas. ,.:a,f;:> :.r*3:. The greateft Rivers in Ajrkay^st Nilusyzn^ Niger. Tht River NHhs is famous for its Greatnefs and Fcecundity^ it hath anciently hadfe- veral Names ; the Hehrews called it Nahar or Nachal,t)^Q Inhabitants Nuchal y by the Jews it was called Shichor, ox Sihor ; by the Greeks Melas ; Homer j DiodoruSy Xenofhon^Scc. gave it the common Appella- tion of the Country, viz. Egypus. Tlutarch calls it Ofyris ana Syris ; Af^oUonitis^TritonJPUnyyAfiraton, Diodorus A^uila, Cedrenus Chryforrhot i> Dyonifius Syene: The Ahyjfmes ^yXtit Abanha yth& Negroes fix Moors yTak" kui j the Inhabitants of Goyamefyy Report of Sanatius, call it Gihon; and the Lybians and Africans, Nilus. It runs many Leagues, pafles through feveral Lakes,divers Iflands^and Waters the moft lovely Vallies in the World. The heads thereof, now well known, are in tAEthiepia. Kirchey^'froma manufcipt of one VettrVais, (who in company of the Abyffine Emperor, in the year i6i8, AUrch 21. moft accurately fearched for it),tells us, that it rifes in the Country oi Sabala}iQ\x\g p^rt of th^Province ofAgaos, bordering on Go^ 4«4 Of Africa. uieted'SL F?4m> or Craft of Earth, made more fufeftaiiial Aiid firm by the prowing: and fpreading of Grafs and othet Dulb and Slime. Concerning this, fee more in the Defcription (^Te^f/fe/o/w ; The Cataracts or FaSsjiipoti the confines ofvdEthiopta andwiC^/jf ,• And the Mouths that often throw themfelves in the Sea betow fy£gypt ,• where the Ancients hare made feven^fome nine, and tiie Moderns four. But now there are but tw€» , when there is ho inundation , Damiata And Rofetta, t Whatfoever waSjOr is,theNuibber of the Ofiiartcs of M/e^ancient and modern Authors^ welk^ Maps, differ among themkives; for PomponiuSf Strah, Diodorus, and tierodotus make fevenj others,with Ptolomy, nine, viz,, the Hifr<7c/M»,called alfo the Campean and Nauera- tian ; the Bolbitian ; Sebennitian ; Pathmetiarty by Strako; Fatnian. by Herodotus in his EuterfeBucolian^^ the Mendefian; the Tanitian and the Vetuafian. The othet two were the Diakos and the Pmaptimi, to which fome add two more. WiHmm ofTyre,who had exadlly fearch'd the Nui^berof them upom thepjace,affures us, there were no more but four. To rcco^nctlethefeliifFerences,giveme leave tonote^that when this River overflows the Gountry,it then difchargeth it felf into other Channels,which remain dry all the reft of the year, and then ii is reftrained to thofe four which were then the j?atural branches, now ftid to be but two when there is no inundation, i/iit. D^miata sndRofitta, by which its Waters flow regularly into the Sea. The Water has a foecundating virtue, and peculiar quality to fatten. the Land; fo that its yearly inundation, which begins about the'irad- die ot 5^«»^ and ends the beginning ofSeptemhr^ *^£yft is iTidde exceeding fruitful ; for it not only produceth a Harveft plentiful , even to Admiration, but caufeth an infinite encreafe in all forts of Gattel that water there, and breeds a prolifiej^ faculty in Men and Wometi, even to Admiration, as makes Wonder ftand amazed to fee Nature turn prodigal. This made the Q)tnnofofbifis ofty£^pt to make it oneof their chief JVr/»ft>^thiofia^'znA in regard that in t/Egyft-it b Win* ter, when Summer int/frAwpw^they fay .that thzNile encreales "When other Rivers decreafe. Of late ic hiith beeii aiTerted^that the NUre, which abounds in this River,is the true4iatural reafon of thefe mar^ velous efFe<£ls ; which, being melted by the heat of the Sun, mixes with the Water,troul>les it,ferments it^and fwells it,and makes it ex- ceeds its bounds,* fo that the Mud.which t\\QNik carries along With it, neither comes very far, nor railes the Banks any hijglief. The M- ger retains the Name , which it received' from thofe people whole Country it runs through,* fometimes it runs under ground, and,be- fore it tails into the Mlantkk Ocean,divides it felf into three prin- cipal Members, Senega y Gambia , and R'to Grande. Enfertiles all the Countries through which it pafles,* ^nd in the Sand are found good ftore of Gold. The Water having the fame virtue as Nile^his made feme believe , that thefe two Waters fomewhere meet together. The Xaire is confiderable for its fweetnels , and for its plenty of Water. The Zamhera divides it felf into three Currents ^ Cuama^ Sprito San^Oy and Rio De los Infantes. The Gbir lofes it felt often in the Sand, and as many times retrieves it felf again. The greatcft Lakes are Zair^ Zamhere, and Zaflan , all three in Ethiopia. The Mountains of moft Remark are the Great and Leff'er JtlaSy th^ Chrijtal Mountains ^Mountains of the Sun j Saltpetre HiU, Sierra Liona, Amara, Mount Table ^ andljle Ficos Fragofos, Monies Luna, &c./ The great Atlas (by. the Natives Idvacal,. tefte Marmol ; by Aug^ Curio, Anchifai ; hyOlearius, Myn/e). runs through Jfricai as Tau^ rus through JJia, heginmn^in Marmarica^ about 20 miles from A* lexandr , extending Weftward (with many Gaps; and Breaks) tp the Atlantick Ocean, dividing Barbary^TOva Bellidulgerid. No Moun- tains in Africa are more celebrated fOr its won4rous height , that feems to reach to the Skie. The Poets feign'd, that Atlas fuftained Heaven upon his Shoulders, by reafon of its exceffive height: Or elfe, becaufe that Atlas King of Mauritania , was the firft that ftu- died the motion of the Heavens ' ' '^il^ ^ ' ^ The Lejer Atlas Coafts wjth the Midland Sea , ext«nding from^ Gibralter to Bona, by the Sfaniards, Montes Clar^. - /• y • ^ ' •■*^ ^.■x.'^i,...^ ■ \ ■■ ■-.:;■ Ooo '.^t-The '■^.r '''■>i lif . A mm "m^rmimm^ I . k 4W Of A^tcdti. ^^§J^nt ^liMFViistheixiOftQOtedoft^A&if/tM. TahU Mount ^-^^ pffirsmrar the jQape GoUHop ; not far off aw choiB. called oypfW Prsgjffos, AfBfd thole, of theJrfww lie between the two t/£r/)w;j/Vi'$jand 4C^ t)»e bi^ffiliA Afirica^ and calkdhy the Inhabitants Be//^. Tha iU^Qieiitf ;t<)pi( fheid MQiiotatn« tot be the Ufl^ Xhe JKM»?«»fwT9f 5i«fi,1y hich kttm.Afrka fromheang a perfe(a Jfland, U4K>at; nin^Lciagaef in bieadtfa between the RxdSea, andthe Chan- vn^ of , JN^ib ; for from one Sea to. the other is above thirty five X'Oagues. Stories rclaiie^ thatdilfiof the P^o/iw/M,Q. deopatra^iome of thQ ^Mw#t»^ othen that haxe been Mafbers of e/£|:;'/>r,have ailay'd ip yaii:^ to dig through that i/Mi^^nd chatthey: gave over the enter- prise^ 0S w«S by reafon of the iMrodigioufhefs of the Toyle, asT for tear'of beinggreatly endanger'd by tiheL Red Sea which wat found to be hi&her than the Medtterrawsm Sea, and which with its bittorne^ would have tainted the RLvef Nile, the only drink of the 9>£^ftians i And indeed all Authors agree, that the Waters of the Nile are fweet^ l^eald^ul and nouriihing. Fr^^/pive/s defignwastoperforin a work- of ]^4roe> by (tiaking Jfiica. an Ifland. C/fi7/ii«im!$ intention was to carry her Shipfiiioto the RedSea withoutany dangeo of falling mtoAugufiusi, hands. The contrivance of the Soldam was to carry the Trade of the Eurofeans into the Eafi Indies, through their Territories, in hopes of fome great Tribute. But none of them were able to attai n their Ends. Africa is the barreneft and worft peopled panof our Continent. Her great Rivers are full of Crocodiles. HerMoiintains andDeferts- fiird with Lions and other wild and cruel Beafts ^ the fcarctty of Water producing manyMonfterSpWhile Creatures of feveral Ipecies couple and engender at the watrinc-places,where they often meet. Therfli,is no Creiiture in the World that grows fo big, fromfo fmall a beginning^as the Crocodilc/or it is hatch'd in an Egg^and grows every day as long as it lives, which is fiid to be an hundred years. The Elephants are very fetviceable to the Africans^ as alfo ,are their Camels and great Baboons. Dromedaries are a fort of Camels, lefs and fwilter than the others. They have alfo wild AfTeSjUnicorns^ Barbary Horfes, Camelcons, little Monkyes and Parrots. Their O- ftf iches aCoid them fine Feathers, and their Civet Cats are efteem- ed for thQ.excellency of their Scents. Amongft agreat number of different Tongues that are in Africa,the flfioft general aretheJ?«r/W«,or^J?iM»,which comes fronithe Anci- ent Puttick and the Ar^bick ^ thele two extend ^hipugh all Barbary^ V- BiUedttlgeridy # ■J \j ^"^^^ V. -'if •pwpl^p ^^mmm m^ ^ Of Africa: 4S^ fj^d^Wa, the ^y^bpiM^ the gre|tflft part Their Religions in Jfika are for the moft part Idolatrous, as Pa- gatiifin^and Mahometanifm,* chough there are alfo mixed amongft them vaft numbers of Jews^ and Chriftians offeveral forts. At this dayJfrica ispoitefled bvilOG&forts of |leligions3'i/i)C.C/&rf. fiians^ Jews, Caffers, Idolaters, and A^umetatfs, ^^The^Cbrifiians are partly Strangers^ and pa^tly^ Native vi Vhereof fikne are Slaves to the Turks and ^^r^tfrMff/^ othei-s are free people. Of the ^^nci fbme are Natives ^ others are Grangers : divided they are into feveral Tribes, Wealthy and Numerous, but^^defpifed and abominated by the r«rJb and zlfflorx^. , ^^ru- ^ 5^,-^ii^ v> , TheC4f«r/,or LihertinesfiolAmaLtiy Ath^ftical Tehents,Uve toge- ther without CeremonieSjlike our Fami^ifts or Adamites,inhabiting from Mofamhi^ue,z\\ along the Coaft^Eleyond ibtCape of Good Hofe» The Idolaters are numerous, ial^egroUfid, in both the u€tbi9pisSg ai>d towards the Great Ocean. ' 'F ""'^ The Mahumetans poUCefs the greateft part ofjifiiea, %^gyfiy and mou of the Coad, or the Red Sea , and almoft all Sarbary, belongs to the Turk , exciting the Kingdoms oi Morocco : and Fez,, (which are govem'd by Kings of their own) the Cities 0^^ the Pirates , and fome others upon the Coafts that belong to the ^ Chriftians. c^£r^M, Niffo'^, CM^a and AfMromofciptf, have their^aiw ticular Kings. There are alio Arakia» Cbeijuei in BiSedulierid md Sarra, The Country tftbe Blacks is under feveral Petty Sovereigns , whofe Jurifdiftion is bounded fometimes within the limits of a Town. The King^ ofEjig/4»^and P<>rr«^4/ and the #ftf&W«rx,have feveral Ports upon the Sea-coft , for the better accommodation of their Trade into the Inland Country. The French alfo poffefs fome places of Tra,de in Barbaryfimnea^zxidi in thelfland o( Madagafchar^ which they call the Dolphins I/land, The grand. Mafter of the Or-i , der of St. John of Jerujalem is Lord of the Ifland of Maltha^ , "ji. I ■.», "*•• t'. i it ■ AT/'''-'' ;; '* iis; .Ji. .i.i*: .*;■*'; r^-' . .f .r!ti'. By the Name ofBarhty was that part 0^4/riea known to the Ancients which we CsA\ 2imgir0^>fr,whereas the modern Barhry lies di along upon the MediurrmtM Sta y being the beii^ and beft *% m. peopled 'M^ R1 «. i^' ^« •i>:6 Of Barlarf. i^^p peopled Gcmntrjr of ^( ^/irn , rby reaibn of the cotivcAience of Trade. The Rwimw, the Ssrazm^, ch« VanM, the Ardkigns, the A/oorx,the7ir4i,haVe been fucceffively Lords thereof, and have cal- led the Cities by different Names; but. at this day, a great part of : it is under the Turk, The Emperor otFex» and Morocco rules the Nortb-fM part. The SpanutrJs, Portugah, Engliflt and Dutchj poffcfs feveral places upon the Coaft. Sufwt, Confiant'me, Cohco, Labesj-Ave little Kingdoms that lie in the Mountains. S ah fTttuan^Algler, Tunis, and Trifo^elong to the Tirats-^ the three laft under the Prote of a comely Body, well featured , of delicate foft Skins, and m v| their Drefs exceeding fumptuous. The Language fpokea , at prefent , in moft of the Maritime: | } Towns is thfi Arabick , but in Fez, and Mmcco the Punick, or old ' « African, the ancient Language of the Country. •' | 'Tis fituate between 30 and 3 y Degrees of Northern Latitude,the longeft Summers day about 12 hours one quarter, increafed to 14; and one quarter in the moft Northern parts ,% it is extended , in length, from the Atlantick Ocean to Fgjft^ in breadth, from the: Mediterranean Sea to the Atlas Mountains. Barbary comprehends feveral Kingdoms that contain Cities of the fame Name, Morocco^ FeZiTeknfen, or Tremifen^ Algier , Tums^ Trifoljfj and Barea^ i|.- ^•K: i'- 'M'i V.v ■4^ to the 1 :•' ■ d'bS 1 copied 1 v.. -^ ., ,. •■/ \ '. '""(,. :>q r" ©f -v'"-'' ^. }i»*imm^^^^ifimtit^mmmmitm^ 47D ..>.^ N ^Of the. Kiogdom bi P 'FE2^ l^l WO^ i':' '- '>f • I :/ Ati^nticic nn H I S Countnr lies between the Mediterranean Sea and Morotei>. .^ry^V^ ^""^^ ^^^ South, and between the Ocean ^tlantick, and the jirperme Tcrntones of the Weft «nd Eaft, and contains the ■^?v. ■A- ancient id* "■' . """■'•-^■•■iWliPipiipppiipnw wpip V Of. thit King^ of Fez. ' '^y^ anciont MnMritanmy Tinpt^ntM, 'Tis now divided into feven Part) or pfOvinccs.w;6, 7emtlne,Fez,j^srfHahafjErrififiarret, and Cbaus. The chjel Places of the Province oiTemefne are, i. Rahatb, Opi- ffivm o//m Efifcofatis Tmfitan/e^hwiXt after the Model of Afcrocco^with its AquaduA 12 Miles long, by King Mmfor, Anfa and Anafe on the Coaift , feated in a delightful plain , was once one of the moft famous Cities of Africa for its Trade with the Unglifi and Tortugah, and for its Riches j but being addided to Pi- racy, was the caufe of its Ruine, and of that oiAtmanfir. Muchatia on the Gun is now famous only for the Tomb of one of their iV/or«^«/i or..S/. '. !* ' vAut.,.. ti_ r.*"^ > The Province of Fez. lies between the Rivers of SubaySaUr, tefit. Maim, & Cafi, and Baragrag, the Sak of Tlin. P^"/ &c. The Orna- ment of this Province, nay, of all Barbary is F and as much from the Mediterranean Sea, VoM.:^s Ttrfritamt. Ptol. Vo^ Mbite, TUn. tef^e Marmoh Ovtf^ttCiKifjSeldeni, um fairett and peft City of all Barbkfjy but the Komantick Defcription by //7/w, Bkwey &c» is vt 1 y different from our later Relations, fo that I can write nothing, of it with certainty The City of' Mahmora fell into the hands of the Tertugds 'in lyiy, but retaken by the King ofFex^ who there defeated'ioooo ChriAians, and got 60 pieces of Artillery ^ taken again by the Sfa-^ niardsy 1614. and fortified, having a good Port. SaUy, or Sale^ is the Salu Vim. Ptol. & Sol. Sella, Jo. Leoni ,• Cela, Marm. is compofed of two Cities, the Old and New; its Fortrefi is on a rifing Ground , with an high Tower ; in its Caftle is the magnificent Tomb of King Man/on and others ^ it hath a Trade with the Ertglijh, French, Dutch, and Genouefe, but 'tis moft enriched by its Piracies, ; MchneJSj between Sal'j and Fez,, is encompalTed with Gardens of excellent Fruits, as Tcmegranates, Citrons, Oranges, Lewmons,'Figs, O- hves, Graces, &C. ' Afgar, OT.Azgar,towArds the Sea, affords Few and M,,r(l:es,whQr& tliey catch i^ore of Eels : And ftore oi Forefis , whence they havo Char-coal and JVci)d,^hofQ chief places were Elgiumha, or Elgiuhma, now only a Granary, where the Arabs, ftore up their Coin. Cafar-Elcjber, or Alcazar, is a place of pleafujc, built by King Manfor, famous for the Battel which Don Scba(lian, King of Pcrtugal', loft- ■\ M. :%. I- H huL. 471 Of the Kingdom cfFex^ loft in I ^78. fought near tliis place ,• in which all thr^e of the Com- petitors loft their Lives,- Don Sebafiian was flairi in the Field, Muly Mahomet o? Fez, was disowned, and JUelme lech 6f Morocco tht Con^ qucror^ died either with the labour and pains, or with the Sicknels -With which he was feized before the Battel ; ahd,amongft feveral others of eminent Quality , was that famous infamous Englijh Kq- hoi Stuckle^ flain. LharaiSy or Larrach, the Lixos of Plin. Lixa^Ptol. Lix,Soltefie Marm. Arais. Africanis , once greater than the great Carthage, the Royal Refidence oi Antaus , whom Hercules defeated , and from whence he brought the Golden Apfles , gathered in the HeJ>erides Gardens, is now one of the principal Fortreffes of the Kingdom, delivered to the Spaniards by Mulj Xecque r6 10. for which he loft his Life by his own People. Hahat is one of the moft confider^ible Provinces in Fez,; its chief Cities are ArzMla, Ziliay Ptol. Zelis, Strab. tefie Marmol. took by the Tmugah i^jj, but in the Year i y 08. befieged by Muley Mahomet ^ and Oataz,^ who took the City and Caftle ,• the Portuhals fecuring themfelves in the Tower, were relieved, and retook me, City and Caftle ,• retaken fince by the Xerifs, who at prefent keep it. It was oftentimes the retreat or fhelter of Gajland in. his Wars againft $en Boucan^andTaffilette. ■ /^'k''::-.^('' -J.^' ' Tangier fCingiyStr ah. & Plin. ThgisjPtol. Tingios Steph. Tangeri Mar' mot. fome Writers tell us that it was firft built hyVhut; others fay k was founded by Syphax, Son to Ant aus, flain by the tybian Hercu- les, and called atter his Mother^ Name Tartgena , but depopulated ^nd ruined by the Civil Wars among the Natives: After vvhichthe Romans, making themfelves Matters of the Country, re-edified or founded this City, which gave Name to the whole Country of Fez. and Morocco, caX\ . ^ w. ,- ' > Viut* ^. V,. "*9"V unp ■H|i^"W Of the Kingdoin of Fez, ^7\ Ciut^ rCeuta femains in the hands of the Spaniards. ' ■ • "^'. - • The Mountains or Cavilas of this pfoyince.are very confidera- h\e, viz. yirfgera (or Flax 3indTimher, * i.:^: -sVt •>:., .- •; Gazar Azzazir , once belonging tp the Tortugah. Chthib much enlarged. ^%A The Province o^Errif is very mountainous/ and vvocdyj abun- dant in Barly, Vines, Figs, Olives and Almonds. Gomtr is feated on a River of the iame l^ame. , ! • Tfre^ drives a Trade in 5^/r-iv/fe.;. Bedis, or J5e/«,with its Caftle and Palace, niaintain fonie Gallies, but much molefted by the Fort V'mnon de Vekzy held by the Sfarti- ' ards in an Ifland hard by it. Mizemma, or Bozuma, formerly great and well peopled, where the Fr«»c;& intended to fettle a FaAory or Trade. Of the Mountains or Cavila's, that o£ Benigtiaze'valj or BenTiarael^ can arm 2 jooo men, and hath a l^ukam which continually cafts out Fire. It found a Months work for Taffikis Army, after he had taken F*t,by Stratagem. Sufaon is one of the moft fruitful andmoft pleafant places oiJfri^ ca; its people, under the"-XJ?f«;, keeping themfelves in Liberty. Gehha, or Gebbay is the Sefiiaria, of Ptol. tejh Caftal. but according to Mol. Capo de ires Foveas , 'is the Seftiaria of old ; and Capo de tra Foveas is Me^agonium Stvab. Metagonitas Ptol. Cafial. But Capo de Cafafa tefie Mol. The Province o^ Garret lies upon the Coaft of the Mediterranean Seaj extending to the River Mulvia, which feparates it from Teleu- fin ^ its chief place is Melilla, Ryjfadirum Ptol. Rufader, Ant. Rufardivy Plin. tefie Marmolio, now in the hands of the Spaniards, taken Anm I J97. by yohn Gufman, Duke oi Medina Sidonia. Chufafa was taken before by Ferdinand King ofCafiile, &c. ^; The Province of Chaus is very large , among its Cities Tezza is the cliief/efteemed the thii'd of the Kingdom, adorned with three CoUedges, 25 Banians, many Hofpitals, and 100 Mofques or Tem^ pjes, and 4 Magnificent CalKe. 2. Turret, feated on a Hill in the midft of a Plain , very advan- tageoufly enclofed with ftrong Walls. ^. 3. Dubdu, on the fide of an high Mountain, from which niiny Fountains defcend. '•* Among the Inhabitants of the Mountains fome are rich, and o- thers poor J fome are fruitful in Vineyards, fome in Fruits, and feme .. .■•. ■ ^ 1 ■ • Pp P ^~: • ' J-'m- ift 1 . ^■Wil of the KittgJoM of Fez, .ti.'^ I 474 in Paftures. In this Province is the noted Basket-bridge ovfir the River Sebu, the Subur-oiTlin. &Ttol.ttfie Marmol. & Cafi. between two high Rocks, i yo yards from the Water. G/&(?r^/«i» is beyond the >iff/d!j Mountains. . \ \. Garjis is the Galapha ofPtol. tefii Marm. ^ The K'ngdom of A/orocco^with that oiFez,^ contains the ancient Alauritania, Tingitania. ' ' *- 'Tis divided into feven ProvinceSjt;;?,. Sus, Hea, Guz,ula, Morocco^ TeUesjHafcora^ and Ducala, and contains the ancient Mauritania Si- tlfenjiis. C. Cautin is the Vfadlum'Vtol. tefie Baud. Marmol. makes Ufadium to be C. de Alguer. Mercat. makes Herculis Promontoriuw to be Caho Cantin. Sus Province lies about the River 5»,f,and extends as far as Cape • Non y whofe chief City is Taradunt , where the EngUJh and French Merchants have a Staple for their Sugars, the only Mart-Town of all the Country. Ttfelfeldt is the Tamujida, or Jhamujide oi Ant. tefie Marmot. Mcjja, feated at the Flux of the River Sus^ is compofed of three little Cities. , . ^ Tedfa, accounted larger, but not fo rich as Taradant. c Teient on the Sus is compofed of three Towns , each diftarit a mile from the other, having their Temple in the midft. The Fortrefs and City oi Guarguejfen belongs to the Vortugals. Aguar is a Promontory of great importance, near which is San- Qa Crux hmXthy t\iQ Vortugals. MafagaUy or Mazjuigrany Cartenna, Cafi» Mofiagan Marm. Cireelli Etrobio, The Province ofGuzula is not far from the Seat of the Ancient Getuly^it hath many Boroughs and Towns, but no walled Cities or Forteues -y faid, by Sanfin jto be rich in Mines of Gold, Brafs, Iron, &c. The Province of Morocco, the chief City bears the fame Name, the Bocanum Homerum ofPtoLHiff.MarueccosGal.Maroe. tefie Nig.d^Curi- one, and was the chief of the whole Kingdom, and once the Metro- polis of all Barbary, at which time it haa 24 Gates, in Circuit con- tained 1 2 Miles,and about 1 00000 Familics,ftrongly girt about with walls, and adorned with many pubick and private Buildings,- efpeci- ally one Mofque, accounted the greateft in the World feated in the midft of the City, beautified with a ftately high Steeple. A Caftle as big as a Town, in the middle whereof is a Temple, on the Top of whofe Tower are three Balls of Gold eftcemed worth 26ooooDucats,. fcx * " Of the Kingdom of Fez, ~ 475^ fo fixed by Magick, as that they cannot be taken away. However now much of its Splendor is loft, and^ a great part of the City is. deferted, and its Trade decayed. Afmet, once fo adorned with pleafant Gardens , fruitful Vine- yard!, and fertile Fields, that it was called the Little Morocco Etgblumha is but a ftnall place. Imegiagen is feated on a high Mountain, as is si\£ojremella. Tenez-* za is a Town of fome Note. The Province of Hm is mountainous and woody, inhabited by .in idle and barbarous people ,• its chiefcft Cities are Tcduefi on the River Sotary to the Zerifi. The Coafts, in part oelong to the Moors , «nd part to the Spaniards and Portugah » thefe holding thofe on the Atlantick ; the other on the Mediterranean Sea, The Alarbes are, by the Europeans, called Mountaineers, living in Hairvas or Tents, more rudely and rovingly, ftiifting from Mountain to mountain , according to their Exigencies, or Fickle Humours, carrying with them their Itinerary Habitations , Robbery being their beft Livelyhood. . The other fort of Moors are called J5^r<7^/j!rj, or Brebers ; thefe have fixed Dwellings, and live in Neighbourhood, and gather into Aldeah\ Cavilah's, or Viliages ;. Over thefe Barabars are lubordinate Governours, or yllmocadens ,x.o whom they pny a dutiful OBfcrvance • their Vocation is Tillage and Grazmg. The Moors are of a large Stature, ftrorig Conftitution, ftately Car- riage , and differing in Complexion, according to theij converfing with the Sun and Air ; jealous and revengeful ,• implacable in their hatred, and impatient till they have avenged an injury. - -^ "- f^- .The FemaleA/()<^j,if preferved from the injuries of the Siinand Weather, are generally well complexioned , full bodied, and of good Symmetry: thofe that live in Towns are inclined to palenefs, feldom ftirring aoroad, unlets to vifit the Sepulchres of theirdeceafed Friends, in Devotion to pray for their Felicity; and in the Night- time to the Baths for Health and Cleanlinefs ,• but always clofely vailed, that no part is vifible but an Eye. In the ftate of Matrimo- ny their principal ftudy is to pleafc their Husbands, and to render ' themielves delightful to their Converfetion. Thefe rM ^^^ ^mt wmmmmmmmfmmmm mm Of the Kingi!om of Fez, 477 Tliofe Husbands tha^ are able, allow their Wives Negro's, or Black Women, to do all the fervile Offices in the Family,' yet there is no Quality that fit idle ,• for the chief of the Morifco Dames employ their time in fome thrifty Houfew^fery. In their Vifits one to anothcr,no Man, though never fo near a Relation, can be admitted into their Society ; to prevent which, Ihe that makes the Villt, firft fends to know whether the Husband be at home, if not, then (he goes to her Goflips Appartment,wh,ereihe is entertained with a Liberality that never injures her Husband: And if the Husband chanceth to return home in the interim of the Vifit,he is careful to give no interruption, but, upon notice, quickly departs the Houfe,which intimated to the Vifitant, Ihe alfo mortens the Vifit. T^liis prevents the cultom of expenfive Gof?ipings,with which in fome Nations fo many Wives are debauched- and Husbands beggar'd. The Women are, indeed,kept in great fubjedion and retirement, which makes Adultery a Stran- ger to their Bed : Nor can it reafonably be otherwife, feeing that the Wife is fully aflured , that the very Attempt to pilfer a Plea- fure, if difcovered, will coft her her Life. . . There is a great appearance of Piety,inthecuffomary Expreflioni and Salutations of the Moors in the beginning of any Labour or Journey, with Zeal and Humility they will look u.p to Heav«n, and with a low Voice fay, Bijmillath ^ that is. In the Name of God : Intimating,That nothing ought to be enterpriz'd,but in the power '-. and hope of the Divine Favour and Help. And when the Work, or Journey is finifbed,they {ay, Ham r/cr J//^A,Thanks be unto God ^ denying all Afcriptions ot Succeis to themfelves. When they meet upon #ie Road , ' their Greeting is. El ham Ma al falam tipji, i. e. Cod be fraifed that I fee thee 'well. In pafling by one another, Salem alle^u€, Peace be with thee. At the hearing of one .tnother fheeze, tliey {icy~—G^d be ymtr Keeper. The like Air and Genius of Devo- tion and Piety is obfervable iatheir Letters. This Country, abounds with Giammas, Mofchs, or Churches, to v^ '"h the Moors perform a great Reverence and Liberality, nevep fufFering them to be prophaned, nor to want a competent Stock to- keep them in Repair ,• their Scituation is Eaft and Welt. ■ >:.f . , In greater Towns there are many Giammas ; in Tituan. 15:;, in. Jlcaz,ar more ; in Arz.iUa < , and in Ftz>. 700. The Moors have at this aay no Schools of Science, like the Euro- peah Univerfities and Colleges. As tor the College called Jmaro^ dock in Fex,,whofe Stru<5ture coft King JbaHtnan 480000 Crowns^ aud which has been fo often cclerated foi its. deli^htiul Situatiaj^ .: -n , Of the Kingdom of Fez, - Mcfaick Arches^ and Brazen Gates^ it is now wholy deftitute of Stu- dents. There are only petty Schools to write and read ,• and when the Pupil can read the ^W^jw withperlpicuity,snd underftandthe principal Points it contains, and bears a good affe; vv /""•."--■ Qqq '.. - . . .-;. ^" ^■, 48x Of A LG r E R. Tefizara or Tefefrt was the Afialicls or JJtacilitls of P^e/. f^/^ Mfirmol. " • Hubhede or Hubet , is the Mhiara of Pro/, the M»tf of >^»f. Guaglda the Lanigara, of Pro/. Marmol. is the capital City of the Province ofHanghad or Anghad^ poffeffed by the ^r^^j, and noted for its Oftriches. Beniarax, or Beniard/id, the Bunobora of Pro/, ^of^/ is the Capital Town of the province fo called ,• it contains twenty five thouland Inhabitants, and pay twenty five thoufand Ducates of Tributes. Calat-HaoofM^ or the Urbara of old, is ftrong. Moafcar, the Vi^ma of Pro/, is the Refidence of the Governour of \\it Akerims, - ■ Batba is the Vaga of old much mined; but f^tllanov.and Mot. tell us. That Vaga is now Tegmedel. Tei^sisa. Country both plain and mountanous, yielding Fruits, Wax, Hony and Cattle : Its chief City beareth the fame Name, and by Sanfon is the Jol and Julia Cafaria of Plin. Strab.Scc. feated near to the Sea, having a Caftle and Palace, formerly the abode of its Kings, now of its Governours : other places are Brifch alias Brexcar, the kofium of Tlin, and Mtla. Sans, But Cafial. and Alek tell us, Icojium is Acor, Melian is on the mountains!, fo is Bent Abucatd and Guanfer the Zabacus of Ttok which can raife two or three thoufand Horie, and fifteen or fixteen thoufand Foot. Mofiagan is the Cartmna of Mela. Ant. and Vtol, Marm. Mazzagran Calt. CiniUi Etrobio. The Government of Algier comprehends likewife that ofCouco in. the Mountains, Built on the top ot a Rock, whofe Governors have often difputed their Liberty with the Deys of -^/^«r. Thefe Moun- tains are two or three days Journey long, and their Approaches dif- ficult. They yield Olives, Grapes^ and efpeciaily Figs, which is th^ Kings principal Revenue : As alfo. Iron and Salt-peter; the Plains afford <^orn and Cattle. The Inhabitants are B^&beres and Azuages, well armed and couragious. The Metropolis of this Province is Algier or Argitr, Incolis Gezier^ the Antient Jol built by King Juba , afterwards the Julia Cafaria,^ Plin. tefie Marmol. But Sanfon will have Algier to be the Rufiurium of Plin. the Rufuccurrum of Ant.t\KQ'Rhufuocorts Ftol. But Marmol. will have Rufcuram to be Garhele^ CafiaUltts will have Algier td be SMa of ,P/;». Ant. and Ptol. 'Tis one of the richeft and beft Inhabited Cities of all^/V<7, by rcafon of the Pyragics oi the inhabitants upon Of A LG I E n. . .^ -, upon the Ocean and Mediterranean. It isfaid to contain fifteen thoU" fand Houfes^ and near as many Gardens round about it. abounding with ftore oFpleafant Fruits; with their Fountains, ana odier places of delight. The Air about jilgier is pleafant and temperate ; the Land hath excellent Fruits, as Almonds, D: ;es, Olives, Raifins, Figs, fome Drugs, &c. The Plain of Mottia, fifteen or fixteen Leagues long, and eight or ten broad, is fo fertile , that fometimes it yields an hundred for one, and bears twice a year. But moiV of thelnnabitants live by their I^racy, which doth fo touch enrich the place, that Cardinal Ximenes was wont to lay. That they that could take Arper^ would find Mony enough in that Town to Conquer all jffrica. Among the Tombs without the City is remarkable,that of the faireft Cava , Daughter of Count Julian of Bettica, who having been raviflied by Rodoric King of the Goths, was the cau{(i of the Moors defcent into Sfain, The Emperor Charles the Fifth loft before Argieir the faireft Navy he ever had in his life. The City ot Temendfitfty or Manfira, is about fix Leagues from Algier, the lomnium Municiftum of Ttol. the Lonmium, Arti, tejte Sanfi or Caffen, tefie Mol. Te4deles, or Taddelef, twenty Leagues from Algiers is tlie kujtpifi tefie Sanf. Salde. Merc, Cercele or Sarcelle, near Albatel or Sagely is the Rstjicihar ft4, tllC Rufubiticari Ant. tefte Baud. . ' ' ♦ /^' Couco is a feperate Kingdoms in the Mountains, of fo cHJ!t«^y MaJJinifiuy where Sophonisba, the daughter of Afdrubaly Syfhaxs Queen was ,• who had io many Attractions and Gharms, that in the fame day flie v^as Captive and Wife to Mafmijfa, who, that flip might not be led in Triumph through Romcy poyfonecl her felf Its Otuation on a Mountain, which hath but two Avenues^ the reft being Precipices, makes it ftrong. * ,* jBo» "^ . t\ a' :A- V :»> Aiv ■ r- i\ Y'O' -■..'.f.1 K> *'.^»' a i • • , • ;,-•"■.■■■■*■' ' I 'Li, ■ ■ : •■ : -TT' mm mmmmmm iP Of Tl/ IT I S. '48; Of r u N I s. '.r rip H. E Kingdom of Tunis was the Native Country of 'Jmilcar, 1 Hannibal, AfdrubalfMtiio, nn^ MaJfmlJJ'a'y And Chrifiianijm nKo, is Deholden to it for the Birth of St. Augtijtine, Tertullian, Sr, Cyprian ^ LaBantiusy Fulgentius. The Kingdom of Tunis is divided into four Maritim Governments, and three or four Inland ones. TheMaritim ^are Biferta, Goletta Soufa And Africa. The Inland ones arc Beija, Urbs, Cayroofiy to which fome add a part oi BilUdulgtrid : And contains the Africa propria of old'. In (tua Tunica Regna 'viaes, Tyrics, d^ Jgencris, urbem. ^irg. Lib. I. ty£neiaos. The Ltbyfhcenices Li-v. Libophotnices Plin. Libophcmicia apud Salufiium. This City grew from the Ruins of Car- tbagey once formerly JR.omes great Rivaled : And the Capital City of a large Territory nrft built by Dido, Anno Mmidi 3070, about an hundred forty and thVee years before Romey and two hundred and ninety years from t]ie Deftrudion of Troy. Tunis is now one of the '"'^""^ QvAQsmBarbary, a Place of great Tiraffick, and muCh fre- quented^ affording feveral good Commodities,. i/wi. SafFronj^ Wax, Ovl, raw and falted Hides, hard Soap, variety of Fruits, Wool!, Si>unges, Oftrich-Feathers, and chiefly Chriflian Slaves : The Tarfis of the Ancients tefte Sanut. memorable alfo, in the Holy Wars, for the Sieges and SuccefTes of two of our Princes, Edward the FirfV, and Henry the Fourth, when but Earl of Darby. As to the old Car- thge, let me only fay, that it was once one of the faireft Cities of the World jwhen in its Splendor it was three hundred and f\\tyjfadia in circuit, like to that of Babylon. Its inhabitants fo rich and power- ful, that they difputeid with the Romans, as was faid, for the Empire of the World, but now lies buried in its Ruins. > Biferta is the ancient Urica, of C^efar. Cic. Plin. Jtyca Polyj. and Ptol. Porto farina , Incolis Garat-melha y Marmol. and Faz,. Maz,ac hares , l^ig , Benfert , Arab. Biferta^ Ital. tefie Baud. Here is a fair Burfe or exchange for Mer- chants, two great Prifons for their Slaves, arid Ibme Baflions to ' defend the !Rort, which is good and large. Memorable for the death ofCaioj confjfting of a high and low Town, the one on a Rock, the other on the Sea. That of Soufa (the Rufpina o^Ptol. tefie SanJ. but • Mahadia is the Rufpina tefie Mol.) is a higher and lower City, the firft on a Rock, and of diffidult accefs ; the latter on the Sea with a good Fort. In the year 1 61 9, the. Duke of Sa'v^^ made an unfuccefsful . Entetprize / 1 Pi I ^'wm 486 0/ rtrir r s. ■>^i* Enterprize upon them : Within this Go^'crnment is the Gity ffam^ tnametha Arab, the AdruTnetum, Vim. Hadrumitum Mela , Adrumhtcs Ptol. which by Adiartus is now called Toulba, by Merc. Mahomltta, which communicates its Name to the neighbouring Gulph in the bottom, whereon it is feinted , having ftrong Walls, and a fafe Harbour. In the Government oP Africa^ Merc, is a City of the lame Name, Mabadia hcolis , tefie Fax>. El-madia, Simf, the Afhrodijium , Ftol. twenty Leagues from Mdhomttta. Its Situation is ina Peninfula^ guarded with a double Wall, and good- Ditches : Its Port capable to lodge fifty Gallies, but its entrance fo narow, that a Gaily cannot pa^without lifting up its Oars. Sanfin makes £/-m^M to be the ancient Tiapjks , where Cafar defeated Scipio , SLtidJuh^ after which defeat Cato flew himlelf at Urica ; where Scipia being net by Cafar s Fleet, pafling his Sword through .his Body, flung himfelf into the Sea : Juka retired to Zama, where he had left Ills Children and Treafures , but being refufed entrance , he and Petrejas retired into a houfe in the Field*,, where they killed them- felves. Zamara is the Zama ofPoljib. Strah. and Ptin. ufie Marmol. Zamami" tcon Plin. where Hannibal was overcome by Scipio, one hundred Mile$ from Mabometta, and one hundred and twenty from Tunis. GolAta is a Fortrels between Tunis and the Sea ,• under this Fort General Blake with the Englijh Fleet fired the Pirate Ships of Tunis in i6^^.Cayroan was t3ie Refidence of a Caliph, or one of Mahomets High-Priefts. It is the ancient Thefdrus. where Maffmiffa beat A[dm^ bal, w^ile Scipio look'don. Begie. BejaViQs in a Soil lb fertile in Corn, ,that the Natives lay, That if there were but two SmVs there would ibe more Grains than Atomes of' Sand upon the Sea-more. The Ri- ver Guadibalbar Mal.m&kesfo many Windings and Turnings, that you crols it twenty five times in the Road from Bona to 7ums. Rubric f« of the Ancients well knoWn to the Romans y and to the Arab, of Nubia , Zoara of old, Pifidu noted it for fcarcity of Water.. .^ Of the Kingdom of jBrfryc<». Cyreniaca, Libya, ^^dtrw^rnV^ are now comprehended under the name ofBarca, which begins on the part where formerly flood the Altars of the Phylefjians, which were alfo the Bounds between the Territories of Carthage and Cyrene ,• and after that to the Empires of Eafl and Weit. It is a Country for the mofl part dry and barren, covered over in nioft places \yith a thirk light Sand, continually moved about witl^ the Winds, turning Hills into Yallies and Valfeys into Hills. As Infamous for the Birth of ^r/«j , who denied the Divinity of Chrifl, fo, as firtmous for one of the Sybils^ hence named Lybica- Tbclc ^^ybils were in number ten, f /z,. Perjica, Lybica^ Ddpbica, Cpimtea^ Samia, Hi'lk. ffonticaj Ttburtinaj Aebmeay Scythaa and CumanHy which lalt is iaitl vo .-•"• »;-*: '^. fl .i- '.^ -■■ ■■% have writen the Nine "Books oi Sybils prefanted to TarqumiuiSu^erhusj A which contained Prophefies, of the Name^ Birth^ and Death of Clirift. • • The chief Places of moft efteem in former Times were^ r. Barca^ of old called Pfo/ow<7Wj of fdch account^ that it gave name to the whole Country. on of , till \henicia which Darius \SaisO¥ felves Lords of the Countryj under the Tyranny of whofe Race and PolTeffion it groan d from 12 jy, until the year 1^17. The laft Souldan, of.Egjpt, being caWdTomuwhey, the fecond of that .Name, which by the y/ ^.rlikQ. Mamalucks was eletled Sulta7j, who having. Wars with the 7«r^///; Emperor 5e/iw?j and by him defeated, fled to Cairo, were taken Captive and delivered up by a MoorifJj Prince, he was miferably in the faid year i ^17 Murdered,and his Body tyed to the Tail of a Camel, and dragged through Cairo. Which Vidory To ruined the Power of the Mamalucks, thsit Egyft, by their Courage and Condud kept in fubjedion above three hundred years, hath ever fin^ truckcld under the Command of the T«rl:i[/fo Empire, where the Grand Signiors manage the Government by a BaJhaw,or Pacha, and chief of the Sangiacks, in the fiime manner as other Countrys, fubjeii to the Turks : Whofe yearly Revenue is about i joooo pounds, which is divi- ded into three equal parts,of which one is allotted for the difcharge of the Annual Pilgrimage to Meccha, the fecond for the payment of the. Soldiers, with other neceffary charges of the Kingdom, and the third goes into the Turkijij Chequer. Eg)-pt is inhabited at prefent by Cophties, Moors, Arabians, Turks, Je'ws, Greeks ^n6. Franks. The 7«r^j govern the Countrj7s,anda(ft in all Offices of State. The invention oi Afirohgy, Arithmetick, and Thyjick, is attributed to them, for which reafon Egyp is call'd the Miftrefs of Arts. Ttolomcus Philadelphus, is faid to be the Perfon who ordered the Bible to be tranflated by the Seventy Interpreters, as ufually called_> though indeed they were feventy two ,• and bought above two hundred thoufand Volumns of Manufcripts. There were alfo a prodigious liumber of Bocks in the Library at Alexandria, which were unfor- tunately loft, when Julius Cafar made War there. The Natives of the Country, have a particular Art to hatch Chickens by the heat of their Ovens, wherein fometimes they will put three or four thoufand Eggs together,- and when they are hatch'd, they I'ell them by the Peck. The Cophties are Natives of Egypt, the natural Inhabitants of the Country, and ufe a Language'altogether particular to them- felves, and a certain fort of Writing little different from that of the ancient Greeks. There is now fcarce ten or fifteen thoufand of them left, according to the Relation of their Patriarch ^ Millions of thcni having been put to the Sword , partly by the Tagan Emperors, ' for their adhering to the Chrifiian Faith j and partly by the Chrlfiicn Em- perours, for their obtVinacy in maintaining the Error of Diofcorus , one of their Patriarchs,concerningone Nature^ one Will, andone Per- fon in Jefus Chriit.lliftoriestell us. That the Governour under Diode-- fan the Emperour, Maffacrcd in one Night, ztChrlJimas 80000 who tf^"^" Ti, were: ■M: f I ■Wj*^ ^\ ■494 df ECTPT. were buried atMount Athm'm in the upper Egyp ; and at another tlmi^ near Ifna^ the fame Governour, or another, put to death fo many as were not to be numbered. And Macriz, in his Hiftory of the Patri- archs tells us. That Jufimian theEmpcroui^ caufedtooooo Cofbtiesto be killed at Alexandria. The Egyptians , in old time, were eminent in Arts and Learning, FromthQmPfthagoras and. DemocritusLQAmt their Philofophy, Licurgus, Solony and Tlato, their Forms of Government. Here flouri/hed.the Learned Grammarian, ^r^<»rrA«/,' HtroJiansinA Didjmus (o well skill'd in Sciences ,• Appianus the Hiftorian ,• C. Ptolomeus the Geographer ; Trifmegrjlus the Philofopher ; Pantenus a Reader of Divinity ,• Origen, and Ciemens ^/(fx<»«^rw«j,notableinall Learning j Dionyfms^AthanaJius and Cyril, Bifliops, and the glories of their times. The Cophties divided theSeafons of the Year thus,* Autumn from the fifteenth Day oi September , to the fifteenth oi December ; Winter from thence to the fifteenth of ^<»rcA ,• Spring from thence to the fifteenth^! ofjitne; and Summer from thence to the fifteenth of September. . They begin the year on the eighth o( September , according to the Gregorian Style, or on the Twenty eighth ot Augufi, according to the Greeks Calendar. They begin their Computation OT^ra from the DiodeJianMsi^cro and reckon this prelent Year 1687 ^o be the Year 141 ;. To every Month they allot thirty Days, which makes up three hun- dred and fixty, and to compleat the Year, they add the five at the end of all. The prefent Egyptians are generally of an Olive Colour, and the iiiri^er they are from C. .. .■' . > < That the Lodgings of the Seventy Interpreters are yet ftanding with the Clofets ,• where they performed the Work in Aldxatit ■Aria. ■ :l The "Salt-pits and Cifterns near Alexandria are remarkable, iot that thi^Water o^Nilus, the fweetnefs and frefiieft in the World, makes a Saljj' not only whiter than ordinary, but very excellent, having^tbe tafte of Violets: This quality proceeds irom th^ Nitrous Earth, for if a piece of it be laid in the Sun, it will become white as Snow on ,. - ' that Of E GT P rr . ' 497 that fide that is towards the Sun. Thefp Lakes of Salt-peter or Niter yield every year three thoufand and fix hundred Quintals^ fo that cveiy Quintal fold for twenty five Meidins, this Revenue comes to thirty fix Purfes, or eighteen thoufand FrenchJZxowns yearly. The Grand Signior hath yearly carried out oiEgyp to Confiant'mo- fle, inSpaniJh Com 2Lnd7^cquins of Venice, one thoufand two hundred Purfes, each Purfe containing five hundred Crowns, which makes one hundred and fifty thoufand pound. The Talifmantick Science is much ufed in Eg)-pt. And our Author tells us. He hath procured all the rare Manulcripts of the «ntienteft and beft Arabian Authors concerning it, and that he hopes one day to difcover the admirable Secrets of this Science, and to unfold the e/£nigmas under which it lies hid. Egypt is generally divided into four parts, 'Thebais now Sahid, or upper Eg^^f; Bechria or Demefir, otherwife middle Egypt ; Err if ^ or the lower Egypt, and the Coaft of the Red-Sea. Some make only two Divifions, the Upper and the Lower, following the courfe ot Nile : But atprefent Egypt is alfo divided into Twelve Caciefs, Sangiacutes^ or Governments. Jaques Albert reckons thirteen Kafiijfs or provincial Jurifdi Aions, 'VIZ,. Girgio or Sahid , Benefuef , Fiam , Giz,e y Boubera ; or Baera^ Garbia, Menoujia^ Manfoura, Kallioubicby MiniOy Cherkeffi, and Kattia : But the Divan^ or Council of Gran Cairo will not allow Kattia to be jiumbered with the refl. F. Vanjleb. tells us There are thirty fix Caciefs or petty Governors. Strabo of old divided it into thirty feven Parts, by the Creeks called Monoi : Ftolomy enlarged it to forty ,• and Herodotus reduced it to twenty eight : But thirty feven feems mofl agreeing to the myfVeri- ous Temple or Labyrinth, (on the .South fide of the City of Alexan- dria, near the Lake Mereotis, and adjoining to theSepulchersof King Msris and his Wife) in the midft whereof were thirty feven Palaces belonging to the thirty feven Jurifdidions of £^jE!f, whereof ten in Thebacsj ten in Delta, and feventeen in the middle Region ; unto which reforted the feveral Prefidents, who had there their particular Temples to celebrate the Feffivals of their Gods. There were alfo - fifteen Chappels, containing each a Neme/is to advifcof Matters of Im- portance concerning the General Welfare. Among the Cities, C/j,and the fumptuous Tem- ple of ^«/cvr«. Here ftood the Fan of F(fw«j, and that of .Jer^jp/V. A City once adorned with a World of A ntiquities, but now the Ruins are almoft ruinated. Befidcs the Pyramids and the Mummiss, which are about fix Leagues from Crt/VojAll Travellers are cuiIjus '.oi'cQ Jofeph's Well and his Gra- naries, About two Leagues aifo from Cairo is to be feen the Matarea, Ma-Tarca, or retiring place of the Virgin, with a Fountain, which, together with that at Cairo, is the only Spring Water of Egyft. But the Plant, or Balm trees, which bears the true Balfom, and which was brought from the Holy Land, by the . care of Cleopatra, and the . perniiflion oi Antony, is quite loft. As alfo the Sycamore Tree which ' fpiit in two to hide our Lord JefusChrift, and his moft Holy Mother, .when the Soldiers of Herod purfued them. ■ t Sahid formerly Jhebes, Dioffolis & HdiopUs D, Siculo, Solis Of- ,y fidam P/;», whidi had a hundred Gates, was the Refidence of the' , , Egyptim Of E G r P T. 499 tha* loft It is :esof each lieln- ifwers IHorfe ledud needs redy'd there at the Egyptian Kings, who afterwards rcmov'd to Alexandria, thence to Memphis J and laftly to Cairo. The Modern Relations call this City Gergioy and make itthe Relidence of a fia/^wit', affirming that only the Province bears the Name ofSahid ; called Hecatompylos, and in the Coptics DIAionaries, Antinoe Sin^Thebes^ now Inftne, tejlcy l^anjleh. Its Mountains andlflands are as great Curiofities as any in %;/>?. As aUb the Pillar of Marcus Aurelius, and the Arch of Triumph, and the Hieroglvphick Cave, where the Colours of the Figures are very beautiful and lively during fo many Ages paffed: Now Minioy tefte Sanfon. Alexandria, Scanderic, Turcis df Arabibus, Hebnsis, No, built by Alex- ander the Great, was formerly one of thebeft Cities in all Africa next to Carthage, where the Ptolemies *ind Cleopatra kept their Courts. It was adorned with many ftately Edifices, the moft famous whereof were the Serapian , which for the curious Workmanihip, and ftatelinefs of Building was not inferior to the Roman Capitol. The Library of Ptalomy Philadelphus , founded the year after th^ Creation of the World ^704, or by others 5680 , is faid to contain 400000 , or , as others writ, 700000 Volumes. The Obelisks full of Egyptian Hiero- glyphicks of a vaft bignefs, and of an intire Stone. When this City was fubjed to the Romans, it Contributed to them more in one Month, than Jerufclem in a whole year. Formerly the Tower of Pharos flood not for from it, one of the feven Wonders of the World. The Pil- lar oiPompey leans on one fide, occafioned by the Arabian digging, and under-mining of it, fearehing for a great Trealiiry hid under it, as they believe. The City enjoys a fmall Trade to this day, by reafon or its two Ports, or Havens ,• and is the feat of a Patriarch. St. Mark and St. Catherine have render'd it famous in Ecclefiaftical Hi- ftory, and in the Defarts of St. Macarius, where were reckon'd to be above three hundred Monafteries which lie to the Weft of it. But now of all thofe Monafteries there are but two remai-kablc, that of the Syrians, and Amha Bifcici. Damietta , by the Arabians Damiat , Tamiatis , or Tamiathis , tefi'e Gitilandino, ihout eight Miles from the mouth oiNilus : Next to Cairo it is the greateft, moft beautiful , the richeft, the moft populousjand, fuUeft ofMerchants of a\\ Egypt. It is built upon die River Kdus m form of an half Moon : But it hath no Walls, norl-oitifications, only a round high Tower, where there is neither Watch, nor Wasd, nor Guns, yet memorable for the oii:en Sieges laid unco it, by thcChrifiian Armies, and the taking of it, Anm. 121 8, and 1249. The Trade of this City is in Linnen and Stuffs of all kinds and Colours, Coffee and Rice, of which laft there is every year above five hundred Ships great and fmall loaded out for i'urh- The pickled Mullets :<,, ■Sd'i here ■miiiMm joo , Of E GTP r. here are highly efteemed all over the Levant. The Town is govern- ed by an Aga^ fent thither by the Tacha o( Cairo. Manfoura is fituate upon the Eaft fide of the Nilus. Here St. Ltwis the French King was taken Prifoner by Sultan Sakh, in the Hiftory of the Holy War^tranflated out of the French , 'tis called Kafel. Its antient Nam© I find not, by its fituation it (hould be near unto the Tanis of Strab. and Ttol. the Taphnis. Ezekieli. Telujtunt , called Bdbais, by JV. of Tyre, now Calixene, tefie Bon/!c^ ticUy was the Birth place oiftokmj the Geographer, and the Epilco- pal Seat oilfidore. Rofetta ItaliSy Rafchit ' Turcis , t^e Metelis of Ptol. and Mela , tefie Ben. Tudelenji, Bolbitinay tefie Villano, d^ Mol. aliis , Canapus : But by Zieglaty Bocher^ or Bichieriy vulgo C. de Becur^ is the Campus from Ca~ nobus. Menelaus, Pilot was here buried, a:: d where ftood the Temple of Serafis. According to F. Vanfiebius, Fuva, or Fuoa feated upon the Eaft fide of Nilus J feven hours fromRofetta^v/,xS by thcGreeks called Metelisy and in the Copties DiAionary, Mejfil^ which he faith is very antient,. a great and confiderable Town, in a delightful Territory of pleafant Fields and Gardens, and that Ge^irc?, or the Ifland of Gold, is over againft this City. At Rofette the Nilus hath two Branches or Mouths which run in- to the 5'^a, which are guarded with two Gaftles, that which is about a Mile and a half from Uo/eff^, is a fquare encompalfed with ftrong Walls, built according to the old way, having four Towers furniflied with leveniy four Pieces of Cannon, whereof feven are of an extra- ordinary- bignefs. The other Caftle is but a Mofque, before it ftand feven Pieces of Artillery on the Ground. The W aters of Maadieis a Gulph or Pool, whofe Waters are very fait, and comes not from Nilus. JSenefuaif is the Hevmopolis of Strab. and Tlin. tefie J. Leone, the Her- metis , or Herntopolis Ptol. Here Pan and Hircus were Wcrlhipped, tefie Zozomeno in Hifioria Ecclefiafiica : 'Tis now ca\\Qd IfcheMtif^ein , tefie Vanfiiih. Seminauty the antient Schennisj or Sebenit, tefie Fanfieb , Sturione Negro J is a great Town feated on the Weft fide of Niks, where the Barks that fail for 0/V*pay Cuftom. The Cuftom-houfe is built upon a Ship in the River. Mitgamr^ i: a very beautiful and large Town, in the middle way be- tween Damiata and Cairo, on the Eaft fide oi Nilus, and over agaijift it is Sifie a fair and large Town. Cham im»^"ji>jj'"ii>*","!i,.iiiw. jovern- :. Lewis ftory of antient anis of Epilco- ta , tefie But by rom Ca- ;mpl(s of he Eaft Metelisy ntient^a pleafant , is over t run in- is about h ftrong urnifhed m extra- it ftand are very the Her- ped, tejh UHy tefie Sturione lere the lilt upon way be- ' agaijift Of E GT P r. ' ^01 Chana is the Omhrl or Ombros, Invenal. tefie Ortel. rather Co^htes tefie Ramufio: forty four Miles from Tbebes^ and three hundred from Alexandria. Alguechet is the Oafis Magna oi Herod, Vtoh &C. AnaftSy Strah, Avafis aliisy now GttdemeZy Zieglero. El~Eocathy or Eleoch'et is the Oafis parva. Azagar Barria. Abutick or Abutig is the ancient Abydus, tefie Cafi. & Mol. Sues J or Suez,, the Refid'mm oiStrabo, the Arfinoe and Cleopatris Ttot. tefie Zieglero, which contains not above t^vo hundred Houies, with a bad Portj is neverthelefs the Turks Arfepal upon the Red-Sea. The Haven isfmall ind fliallow^fcr neither Galliesnor Ships can enter into itj till they are half unladen ,• which is the reafon that moft of the Veflels lie in the Road, where they are morefecure than in the Port. The Governour keeps twofmall Gall-es, and fome orlier VelTels, to maintain hii Authority in the Red-Sec. The Commodities oixht E.zfi Indies were heretofore brought thither, and then cohvey'd into Europe; but now the Turks enjoy no more that commerce, by r(^afon of the fettlement of the Chtifiians in the Indies. The Ships fet out from Sues in the Spring and Summer, when the North Wind blows ,• the South Winds being moflconftant in Winiwrand Autumn. Cojfir formerly Be- renice, was the Port whither the Romans ordered all Goods to be brought that came from the Eafi Indies; which from thence were carryed the neareft way by the Nile to the City ofCoptos, now called Cana. Buga in the moft Southern part of Egypt is a Kingdom, according to the Relations of 165'?, tributary to the Abyfiins. The ancient Town oi Arfinoe fiiuated near Fium is totally ruined, nothing now remaining but a great many Mountains made of the Ruines and Rubbifli of the Town, once one of the moft great and glorious Cities of Eg^/'f. The Monaftery oi St. Anthony hath no Gate, but Men and Beafts are all drawn up over the Wall by a Pulley, it hath about tv/o thoufar d four hundred Acres within the Wall. Shtt called in Greek Lycopolis, tefie Vanfi. but Baud, tells us, Lycopolis is now Munia , tefie Mot. is One of the moft famous Towns c>f the Upper Egypt , feated on the foot of a barren Mountain, that ftands on the Weft lide about half a League from Nilus : The Town is great and populous, full oiCb.ifiian Cophties, where is a Cave cut in the Rock, Large enough to draw up in Battalia one thouland Horf3. Tabra is feated near the Ruins of the ancient Town Abutig, caWz^ by the Cophties *7ro9«>ci upon the Banks oi Niks about two daysjourny from Siut towad'ds the Soeith. ?, The fOX W Of EG TTT. y "v' V The Monaftery of St. SenoMus the Archimandrite, drmmtS. the Whiti^^ is built near the Ruins of the Antient Town Mribe, where are the Remains of one of the moft Magnificent Strudures that hath been in Eppt. "'.'/".- V- ••-;••■■ • ■' ...■.-■«.:" . . ■ Minie is an antietit, great and fairTown^ph the Weft fide ofNiluf, where are made the Barda^Hesj or Water-pots, which are fo highly eftecmed at Cairo. " Ifne. FanJl.Jfna, J. Leont,the Syme Tlin. Vtol, & Died, four hundre4 and fifty Miles from Mexandria. Ifvan^ Afnan, or Afuanr, is the Me^ tacomffa of Vtol. Tacompfon Vlin.Tacbemimfto Mela, tefie Zieglero. Tuot is Eleven Leagues North of Jfiia, on the Eaft ot Niks, where is a Temple of the Antient Egyptians. Arment is twelve leagues from tuot, now ruined and forfaken where the Egyptians beHeye, Mofss was bom. •»^^ At Luxer two Leagues from Tmt, are to be feen the llemains of an Antient and beautiful Temple, in which are feventy eight Pillai? '^ a prodfeious bignefs, and at the 01dL«xer is an antient Palace, whole Ruins mew, that it hath been very glorious. Bethfames, was one of the Chief Cities of lt " Ahydusy now Ahtitich, once the Royal Seat oiMemnon, renowned for the Tempte of 0/m, and the Statue oiMgmnon, ./*:/.. r The chief Lakes in £|[7/>^ vjtx^Mareotis, novfLago deAntacon Sehaka ^VanjiekthQ other Affrw, now called Buchiarea, or Kern, Vanjleb. ■ ■ 1 , V -. . - . - •I . I ; r uy 'BlLEDULCsu..I% A. J ■ %, 1 A jBriBDULO^BRrD and ZAARA. ioj ■/ tfi^ BILEDULOBRrv.ZAARA: Seel Ti;W%nV improperly isth« f^* »[ i"* ,i°S Sate" X5 Inhibited the Gmli, «S'^'^'^^i''9^^1^J^a Thkv^rt ^lich is a Fruit which much ^^B'"]!'' '}'^J^f^^''S-Barh^. Its oUfrica extends from Eaft to Weft, ~;.y'^,^'^-^^iiand principal Parts are Su, or Ti/ef, D*rA^, ^'j^'ZrjJ&^ioiBarca. mim' fi^i ^^64 '^ " Of £ err r. ; - ^ ^ ' \ J:' Sus hy Samtus IS caWeA Tefet, to diftinguiih it from that in tlie Kingdom of Morocco : It is faid to have many Towns Caftles and Villages. Its Inhabitants are Beril>ere>^ Africans or Arabs, Tejfet is a Town of about four hundred Houfes. Darha, its chief Town bears the fame name, feated upon a River, alfo fo called. Segelonteffa is one of the greateft and beft Provinces of Bikdulgerid, whole chief City bears the (ame name, containing feveral fmall Eftates. Tegorarln hath more than fifty walled Towns, and one hundred and fifty Villages. Zeb and Mezab are much troubled with Scorpions, whofe biting is mortal. The Eftates of 7 ■ , J^ -•■i.t .^H»*-*" ^o6 BILBDULGERltr and ^AARA. Hollanders. Barks may go up the River of S>2\nt John , and there Trade with the Nepros for Oftridge Feathers, Gums, Amber, and fome fmall parcels' of Gold. Senega ^ one of the principal Arms of Niger J is not above a League over at the Mouth. The Coaft to the North of Senega is very low, not to be feen hardly twelve Leagues off the Road of Cape Verd. the A/tnerium fromontorium, tefie Barrio. Martcandan and Befinege^ Thev. RyjJ'adium fromont, tefie Nigro. is about twelve Fathom deep, with a gray Sand at the bottom. Thcflemijlj Ifland , or Goree , is fortified with a Platform flanked with four Ba- ftions, with a ftrong brick ToWer. The entry into it is upon the Weft part of the Ifland, where a Ship of fifteen hundred Tun may Ride. The Road is good, but there is little frefli Water. Refrifco is a very convenient retiring place. Gambia is about five Leagues over at the Mouth ,• but is not Navigable for Barks above fixty Leagues, by reafon of the Sands and Rocks in it. Some fay, that the Tortugals go up the Niger, as far as the Kingdom of Benin, which is above eight hundred Leagues : That the Danes poffefs Cantozi , to- ward that part where Niger divides it felf ^ That Niger makes leve- fai Lakes, upon which are built many fine Cities, from whence there go Caravans as far as Tripoli in Barbary. The Negro's are very fimple. Idolaters toward the Sea, and Mahumetans in the Ifland Coun- try. They have fome very confiderable Kingdoms, but the greateft part of their Cities are not fo good as our Villages ,• the Houfes be- ing built of Wood, Chalk and Straw ,• and many times one of thefe Cities make a Kingdom. The laft Kings of Tomhote were reported to have Great ftore of Goid in Bars and Ingots. The Kingdom of Gualata affords Millet. Geneboa is rich in Cotton : In that of Agades ftands a City indifferently well built. Bcrno, formerly the Country of the Gatamantes, is Inhabited by a people that have all things in common,every particular perfon acknowledging them for his Children which are moft like 'em j the molt flat nos'd being accounted the moft" beautiful: They of Senega trade in Slaves , Gold-duft Hides, Gums and Civits. The Negro's they are very flrong and therefore bear a better price ; thofe ofGuiny are good, but net fo flrong, for which reafon they are ufually put to work within doors. 'Tis the Proverb, that he that would have good fervice from a Ntgro mufl: give him little Meat, keep him to hard Labour, and beat him often. To the South of JV%cr lie feveral little Kingdoms, that ofMtUi, with a City containing lix thoufand Houfes. Gago, abounding in Gold. 2jegx.eg, confiderable foe its Trade. Zanfara, fertile in Corn. To KckoAany more of their Towns^ would i)e as tedious as unneceiTary^ \ f '^. "■-*- with . BILEDULGERID, and !ZAAkA. yo> as being neither well peopl'd nor of any Trade. And indeed all thefe Kingdoms and people are fo little known^ that 'tis not worth the time and pains to fpaak more of them. -^ ' " " •• ' : • I fhall only fay , That the Arabian Geographer tells Wonders of Ghana ov Cam, of its Greatnefs, Riches and Trade, of its King, Go- vernment, Palace, &c. But how far to be credited muft be left to thofe who have been inthofe parts, thePor/^//^IJ J. J\f j\' At j¥ .4\» ^ ^09 7Habe«sxmia^ ' • "^ Smu AbASSIA4^ StHTOPIA im 1 . j >■<• ■mti/it RVBKX Timna. i 'Hehrm'Maiyant j &aUt* . Vthra. Jimiyant ,'"BciiUi"'" ■' ' V"^ i •'"•IK''"*'*' redril ! ®-Jt«v r^ ^i^iA**«*. ,i>^-J' f*/* \j»r»uk* r*. - -. Cat* •i«fe*'-^Si*^..--^.,^zJMr^^ A^SH"^^ ^ ■ ■ "^ \ , ^«.^ --i"<_:^....::......i..-^-V„^7 -^^^^ jj. ■-J^ yOmgixi ^g^-^./ <>:;a>'^^^ SO little of Truth hath been communicated to this part of the World concerning Etbiofia^ that having met with the Ethio^ick Hiftory of Job,. LudolfbHs , which is the moft exam<^r» Writers called rhcni Amwitcs ^ ^vA many of the Antients called them Judinns^ others the Empire of t\\Q, 'Negus, and fome the Jvin^:dcm ofPn_//(?r yoZv;. '""*' ^ The jkiiigdonis of Ethiipia :iXQ, varicuf.y named by nioft Authors. Vaidus jc't'ic^s diftinguUKcs the Empire into more than forty King- dcinis ,' Mat he-IP the, Armenian, firft AinbafTlidor from the Abajjenes to -Vortngal, will neck, but in the Air it hardens, from whence it is conveyed in Caravans or Cafilas, and vended through all the neigh- bouring Countries,and feives theminftead ofMony, to buy all things not much defired : Gems and Jewels are in Ethiopia, but bjack Lf ' they more efteem of to black their £ye-brows : And for Iron 1 find it in great plenty upon the fuperficies of the Earth. All Ethiopia is very Mountainous, between which are immcnfe Gulphs^ and dreadful profundities among the Mountains : Lamal- mona Hits up her head more loftily than the reft, and is moft dange- rous : But the moft famous are Amba.GeJhen, and Ambacel in the Kingdom of y^wA;V Princes ufed to be caged up. And in our old Maps and Globes, called Amara, and placed under the Equinodial. In thefe Mountains the Inhabitants breathe a ferene Air; and they are as fo many Caftles, not only for Habitation, affording pleafant Springs, but for defence againft their Enemies, the Adelenfes and Gallans, for lome of thefe Mountains are fo craggy and precipitous, that there is no way to get up without Ladders, and Cattle are drawn up with Cords. TeUez,ius writes, that the Alps and Tyreneans compared with the Abejjin Mountains are but low Hills : And the Portugal Mounts are but triHes to them. The tops of fome of them are veiy fpatious, with Fields, Woods, f iili-ponds andrun- ing Streams, as Amba, Dorbo, &lc. The temperature of the Air makes the Country healthful, and maintains a vivacity in the Inhabitants, ibmetimes to anhundredyears ; Only in Tjgra about the beginning of ■■U'': the 'K ,i?' m^-- ^m-'ii^;' ' ' • Of ETHJOTIA. >ii the tthloftck Spring, which is in the Month ofSeptemhr and October ^ Feavers are rile. He rationally conceives, that the Rivers flowing from the Moun- tains in this Country, take their rife from the Rainwater, inlinuating itfelf into the Pores of the Earth, and Clefts of Rocks,and fo pafling into fubterraneous Vaults ,• obferving, that in thofe Countries where there is little or no Rain, there are few or no Fountains ^ and that where there is much, they abound. He tells us that Niks, which for the length of its Courfe, the a- bundance of its Waters, its fweetnefs, wholfomenefs and fertility, ex- ceeds all the Rivers in the World , owes its rife to the Kingdom of Gojam in HaheJJinia, found out by the Travels of the Pcrtugah , and by the fedility of the Fathers, which was fo long and unfuccefsfully fought for by the Antients, and Kircher hath defcribed them from the relation of Pef^r Tays, who faw them himfelf, which differs not much from what Gregory an Ethiopian hath writen of it, viz. I'hat it hath five Heads, that it incircles Gojam, and paffing by feveral Kingdoms of HabaJJia, reviews the Kingdom of Senna, and travels to the Country oCDengala : Thence it turns to the right hand, and comes to a Coun- try, called Abaim, before it arrives in Nubia, where by reafon of Clifts and Rocks, its Stream is divided into two Branches , one running South to drench the thirfty Fields of Egypt, the other Weft to quench the drowth of thofe Sands in the Country oith.Q Negrites, It is cal- led in the Scripture Shihhor from its darknefs, becaule it carries Wa- ters troubled with Mud from the Fields of Ethiopia ,• and by the Greeks, for the fame reafon liiheti by the Habpjfmcs, Abawi, in their Vulgar Language ,• but in the Ethiopick Geion, or Gnvon, from a mi- ftake of the Greek Geon,SLndHebre'u^ Gehon. He fays, the antient Geo- graphers thought it to take its rife beyond the EquinoAial, in I know not what Mountains of the Moon ; thinking it might receive its in- creafe by the Winter Rains of thofe Regions : For they could not perfwade themfelves, that the Sun being in the Northern Signs, there could be Winter and Rain enough fo near, to raife fo great a River from them. After it has paft about forty Leagues from its fource, which is in an elevated, but trembling and moorifh Ground, it en- ters a vaft Lake in Dembea, and paiTes it without mixing its Waters, as the Rhone does the Lake Lemanus, and the Rhine , AcromMs. The caufe of the Inundation of Nile is from the great Rains f:il ling in ma- ny Regions of the Torrid-Zone, upon the Suns retiring back into the Winter Signs. It has been the opinion of lbme,that it has been for- merly, in the power of the King of the Habeffines to divert Nilus from its courfe in Egjpt, and to drive it into the Red-Sea ,- there being A V . • \, . , ■ . . V V V . ' , .at ?, / '•v. 1 - 1- .i .if? .1 ' ■*-; >i4 ( Of E T H r P I A. at a certain place an abfolute fall of Land to convey it thither^ t nly one Mountain being cut through ,• though now that place where it could be divertedj is poffeft by others. - < V He i^^xCntions another River in Ethiopia called Hav/as, which paf- fing a great way from its Source, finks at length into the Sands, never going to the Sea, as other Rivers do : Alfo, chat the Rivers Melegi and Tacaze abounding with Crocodiles, fall into the Nil'us. That the River Manh rifing in Tygra, encompaflJng great part of the King- dom, hides it felf under ground, riid then rifes, and, after a conti- nued courfe, it difperfes and leaves its divided Waters in the Sands ofDequin, The Soyi isfo fertile, that infome places they fow, and have Crops twice, and in others thrice, a Summer. They make Bread of a fort of Corn called Tef, thought to be the fame with our Rye, though they have Wheat, Barley, &c. They niike no Winter provifions for Cattle, the Soyl yielding always Herbage enough, nor lay up any ftores ror other years for themfelves, confiding in the fertility of their Soyl, for their Fields are always pleafam, and always finiling with a Flowry Grace. He (ays, thsy have an HQrhcaWeAJJfazoej which by its touch, or even fliadow, lo ftupifies all Serpents and venemous Creatures, thac you may handle them without offence ; and that he who has eaten the Root of it, is fecured from them foi many years. And he is of opinion, that the PJjlii ofjfrica had the Virtue of curing the biiings of Serpents by the touch, through the ufe of this Herb. The Jmail- •>nagca that cures broken and Disjoynted Bones ,* as the Offifraga of Norway fhaps the Bones of Cattle that tread upon it, Tht'.y have a Tree called E»fef/,refembHng the Jw^/Vrw ligti ee,Vv/hich IS four yards thipk if fhrowded, itfprouts forth with a world of young Shoots, which are all good Food j fo that this Tree need not bear any Fruit, being indeed all Fruit, if lliced and boiled it alfwages thirft. He tells us, that by reafon of the plenty of Herbage, and the heat of the Climate, ^adrufedes and hfet}s are much bigger in Eth'tofia and India than with us. They have ftrong and excellent Horfes, but never fhoe them nor ufe them, but in War, employing Mules in ail their drudgery. They have the known fort of Sheep with great Tails, of which fome weigh above Ibny pounds. They have multitudes ofElefhants, but never ufe them. To fay they have Lyons ^ "^yg^^^ y T anthers , Wolves , Hjanas , Camels , V ant her s^ higher than Elephant t, &c. it's no more than other Countries yield : But he fays, they have a Beaft called Zecora or Zemha^ exceeding in beauty nfrnm^fm Of B T HIO P I A, 5ir beauty all Quadrupeds ,* it is about the bignefe of a Klule, and natu- rally gende ,• his Body is all encompaft with interchangeable Circles of Black, and of a lively Afti colour j and this with fuch an Elegan- cy and Order, that they furpafs the Art of the beft P^ilnter to imi- tate them; His Eai-s only are a little difproportion^ate^being too long: One of them was fold by the Bafha ofSuaquena for two thoufand Ve- netian piQCCs, for a prelenttothe Great Mogul. They have thou- fands of Apes, feeding chiefly on Worms, which they find under Stones. Hence in the Mountains where they ufe, you will fcarce find a Stone unturned, be it never fo great ,• for if two or three cannot move it, they call more aid. They eat alfo Ants, and fometimes devour whole Fields of Fruit. They have alfo an inocent and very pleafant Animal being a fort of little Monkey, of which there is. an , elegajnt Ethofick Rime j in Latin thus : Hominem mn ladoy frumentum mn eioy oderunt me frufira. It is of a various colour, full of greyifli fpccks. They are extream tender, fo that unlefs they are clcathed and kept warm, they cannot be brought to us. He tells alfo of fome that have leen the fam'd Unicorn there, an Animal of the form andfizeofa midling Horfe, of a bright Bay colour, with a Black Mane and Tail, and with a fair Horn in his Forehead, five Palms in length, being fomewhat whitifti. For Water and Amphibious Animals, he fays they have tlie Hiffo- fotamu., thought to be the Behemoth in Job, and the Sea Horfe of the Greeks J the Crocodile, the Water-Lizai'd, and amongft others the Torpeilo, with which they cure Tertian and ^artan Agues : The way is thus;j They bind the Patient faft on a Table, and then apply the Torpedo to his Joints, which caufes a very cruel torture in all h*,s Limbs> J but the fit of the Ague returns not after. The Authour con- ceives it may alfo do good in the Gout ^ and the Ethiopians firmly believe, it will drive the Devil himfelf from a Man. For Birds, they 'ave Oftrich, or Struthiocamel, and CafTowars, fwifter than Horfes : The fle(h of this either frefh or dried, is ac- counted a Medicin againft the Poyfon of Serpents^ this Bird devours them without prejudice to himfelf. The Jird Pipe that difcovcis prey to the Hunters of Wild Beails, co -dueling them where they be hid. He tells us of Dra£;ons, that will fwallow whole Childreri, little Pigs, Lambs and Kids ,• and that they are fcaly, and lock like the Bark of an old Ticc, but notvenemous. That there are Water- Snakes and Adders, which upon drying of the Mooriiri t;rounds iji Summer, are very hurtful, being inragcd v\/irh the drcuji'nt njici heat, and that they kill oy thdr Breath, unlefs a quick rtinv\iv be ufecl, ' ■ '■ • V V V A .' non-v ic v.: ■ ^ l». ^i6 X -r Of E T H I T I A, r^. none being better than to drink human Exa-emefits in Water, which l^emedy the Panther ufeth. « >* ^' >:':;ii.-:- That the Habejfmes are fometimes ftrangely infeded with Locufts, devouring their Fruits and Herbs ,* they appear in prodigious mul- titudes, like a thick Cloud, that obfcures the Sun, nor Plants, nor Shrubs, nor Trees remain untouched : And wherefoe/er they feed their leavings feem, as it were, parched with tae Fire, and a general Mortality enfues : And that thofe People fometimes feed on the Lo- cuft, being a pleafant and wholefome meat, and thereby fatisfie their hunger and revenge. That there are great ftore of Bees, amongfto- thers a very fmall black Bee without a Sting, making their Combs un- der ground, which yield an extr^m white Wax, and moft delicious Honey, which they ufe in their Medicines^ He fays the HabeJJines are generally of a good Difpofition, ftroi^g, vivacious and Long-livers, Ingenious, and very defirous of Learn- ing, eafily remit Injuries, and commonly determine their Quar- rels and Differences at Cuffs, or by any Arbitrator or two. From this their towardly Difpofition, he thinks their King has been called Trefierjan^ by fome, the words Vrefier Chan > in the Verfian Language, fignilying a Vrinct of excellent Servants ; and the Servants of this Nation are more prized, and fell for more than others- In the fliape of their Body ,pjid comelinefs of their Countenance,they far excel other Ethiopians , having no fwoln Lips, nor broad bottle Nofes. Their Colour for the mofl part is Black or Brown, though they are not born Black, but very Red, foon after turning Black. The Wo- men are itrong, fruitful and eafily bring forth Children, as gene- rally all Women in the hotter Countries. They have no Midwives, but fall on their Knees at the time of Childbirth, and disburden them- felves. Several other Nrtiions inhabit this Kingdom, viz. the Jews who formei'ly dwelt in Demhea, JVegara and Samen^ till driven thence by Safneusy and now difperfed into feveral parts. Mahuwetans are alfo intermingled up and down the Country, and drive the greateft Trade with the Turks and Arabians. There are alfo Wild Men living in the Defarts, without God, King or Law : The moft lordid and vilefV of Human Creatures. The Nobleft and Antienteft Tongue of the Hale fines is that Ethio- pickj whereof our Authour fet forth a Lexicon and Grammar in Lon- don. Anno 1661. This was formerly the Tongue generally fpoken by thcTigrenfesy when the King of HabeJJina lived in Tigra^ but new it is only ufed in Writing, and has its Dignity continued in the pub- lick Sacred Worfhip, ana in the Kings Charters, &c. It is very much alTy'd to the Arabick, a|id ferves often to illuftrate the Oriental Tongues, Of nr H fo ? I A. 5^7 Tongues, efpedally the Hebrew :JFor inftance, he fays the Latins have called that moft elegant and delightful Work of Gcd^ which confpre- hends all things in its felf, Mundus, in imitation of the Greeks, who called it Koa-^®- the Appellation not being invented >->y themfelves, but by the fhoemcians, with whom the World, and efpecially the Earth - was called nO"!S Jdamah, Formofa : He fays, he knows it is com-- nonly derived from Rednefs, becaufe the Hebrew Root uD"li< Adatn fignifies to be Red ,• whereas 'tis certain, that our firft Father took his mmQ Adam, not from the Rednefs of the Earth, but from his perfed and abfolute Beauty, as being the moft confummate Work of the Creator. And that figniiication which has been unknown in other Oriental Lexicon-writers, is plain to the Ethiopans, with whom Ada- ma fignifies delightful, elegant and lovely ,• nor do the Ethiopians take ■ Adams Name otherwife than from Formofus. The prefent King of Habejfmia (the feat of Government being removed m the midft of the Empire ) ufes the Amarick Dialed, which all the Nobility and Learned fpeak, being as general in HabeJJinia, as the Latin in Europe, They fay, that )n the Coaft of Africa, every fifteen or twenty Ger- man Miles producs^. a diverfity of Language. He fays, that tho' the Kings of HabeJJinia cannot well make out their Decent from the times ot Solomon, (as fome think they may ) but begin it only from the two Brothers Atzbeha, and Abreha, under whom the Chriftian Religion began amongft the Axumites, being a- bout three hundred years after Chrift,* from whofe time the Hiftory of the Habcjjines is more clear, and their Kings names more certain : They may neverthelefs contend with c inoft famous Kings of the World for Antiquity of Progeny. Their King L pfeafe. If the Murther be not found, the Inhabitants of the Place, -",, and all the Neighbou .ood are find. ■ . In the third Book, ivhich treats of the Ecclefiaftical Affairs of the Habejfines, our Autliour tells us. That fome hold, they have had the • knowledg of God ever fince the time oiSokmcn. That they ufe Circumcifion, though not on any Religious AccoiTnt, in Obedience to the Law of Mofes, but only as a Cuftom of their Country, ("being done by a Woman privately) the Jews flit the Skin with their Nails, till the Preputium falls down and leaves the Nut bare. The HabeJJines only round the Skin with a Knife. - That they do not Circumcife Women,(as fome idly affjjfm) though it's a Cuftom not only with Hahejfmes , but likewife with other People oi^ Africa, as t\\Q Egyptians and Arabians, to cut from Girls fomething which they think to be an undecency and Superfluity of Nature. ' • ^ v ^ That they abftain from Swines Fle/h, Blood and fuffocated things,; not as commanded by Mofes, but by Apoftolick Conftitution, this having been always obferved in the Oriental Church , and in the Weftern Church for many Ages , and having been ratified by fome Councils : And they Condemn us for leaving the practice. Nor do they allow the Javs Sabbath, outofrefped to Judaifm, butbecaufeit was the antient Cuftom of the Primitive Church, for which they have fome written Antient Conftitutions. Yet they Prefer the Lords Day before the Jewifli Sabbath ,- for upon that Day (fay they) our Lord Jefus Chrift rofe : And upon that Day the holy Ghoft decended upon the Apoftles in the Oratory ofSicn : And upon that-Day Chrift Ihall come a^ain to reward the Juft and punifh the Evil. He fays. If an Habejfine marries his Brothers Wife, or commits Polygamy, the Civil Magiftrate takes no notice of it : For they are of opinion, that whatfoever does not offend the Commonwealth, nor the fecurity of Private Perfons, ought not to be chaftifed with Secular Punifliments ; Never uKlcfs the Churgh islevere in the cafe, and will not •'--/ £ .^ ■4 ^lo Of ET H I T I A. not permit Perfofis fo married to leceive the Sacrnment. He alfo tells usj That HabeJJinia is full of Monks, that theit Inftitutions and Ha- bift are different from the Greek and Latin. He fpeaks of the por- tentous Miracles of their Saints ^ their Aufterities and Spontaneous Torments. .v>c': . It's a common fame in Euroj>e, that the Converfion of the Habef- fines to the Cliriftian Faith was eifeded by the Eunuch of Queen Candace : But our Authour fays this is certain^ that in the time of St. AthancfiusVsitnAYch o( Alexandria ^ in the Reign ofConfiantine the Great y about the Year of Clirift 330, or not long after it^ the Con-, verfion of Efy&/o/»/^ happend after this manner -.Jderopius a Tyrian Mer- chant going into India, came to the Coaft oi Ethiopia in the Red-Sea ,• dying there, he left two Sons, Frumcntius and ty^defius, v/ho being taken and carried to the King, were kindly received by him,* and he finding them ingenious, employ'd them in keeping his Books of Ac- counts. During the time of their Employ, they did all good Offices to Chriftian Merchants that came to thole Parts, and fliewed fp fair a (pecimen of their Virtjue and Integrity, that they wrought in the Habejfmes a great Efteem for the Chriftian Religion. Which ground being laid, Frumentius went to St. Athanafms, who confidering the excellency of his Parts, and the conftancy of his Faith, created him the firft Bilhop of Ethiopia ; and returning thither, he Baptized the Inhabitants, Created Deacons, built Churches, and fo firft planted the Chriftian Religion. The Habejjines received the Scripture with Chriftian Religion^ and it is tranflated into the Ethiopivk Language from the Verfion of the Scptuagint ,• and that according to the Copy ufed in the Church of Alex- xandria : They have the New 7^/?^we»f tranflated from the authen tick Greek Text, They enjoy the Holy Scriptures intire, and reckon as many Books as we do, tho' they divide them after another manner. They acknowledg the Holy Scirpture to be the fole and only Rule of what they are to believe and do. They ufe the Nicene Creed ; they admit of the ancient Greek Councils ; they acknowledge the Trinity, and the fufficient Merits of Chrift ,• one Perfon in Chrift, his Divi- nity and Humanity ^ they ufe Baptifin, and the holy communion ; they Adminifter it to the Laity and Clergy, as it is the Cuftomof all the Eaftern Churches, and acknowledge the Real Prefence, but net Tianfubftantiation, pfay for the Dead, deny a Purgatory. He gives an Account of their Errors ,• as that they hold the Holy Ghoft to proceed from the Father only, and not from the Son. That they hold the Soul 6f Man not to be created, becaufe, they fay God perfe<5fed all his Work on the Sixth Day they think it there- . u >' . . , fore munion - Of Et mo T J A. ?2.t fore drawn from the Matter, but Immortal, fhey holdlikewife fomc other Errors. On their Eleventh oi January, which to us is the Sixth of the fame Month, and the Feaft ot the Epiphany , the HabeJJinesy in memory of the Baptifm of our Saviour (which they hold, with many of the An- tients, to have been for a certain on that day) keep a joyful Feftival, all of them juft at break of day^befbre therifmg of the Sun_,going into Ponds and Rivers, and there dipping and fporting themfelves j This Cuftom having given occafion tofome to affirm. That they were baptized anew every year. They begin the year on the Calends o? September , with the Gr^tw-rx, Armenians, RuJJians, and other Oriental Chriftians ,• for they believe, as many of the Antients have afferted, that the World was made in the Autumnal Equinox. If any difcord arife betwixt Man and Wife, fa that they cannot be reconciled, the Kings Judges diffolve the Marriage, and they are free to marry again. As we have mentioned before the King oi Habejjinias unparallell'd abfolutenefs in Temporals, fo our Author fays. That the chief Eccle- fiaftical Power is in him ,• fo that all things of Jurifdidion, only feme fmall Caufes excepted, are Determined by the Kings Judges. Nor do the Clergy enjoy any Ecclefiaftical Immunity or Priviledge in Courts of Judicatute, but undergo corredion from Secular Judges as mere I.ayicks. Our. Author tells us. That the Habejjincs have few Books but thofe of Sacred Things. That they have no written Laws, but judge all Right and Wrong, according to the Cuftom and Manner of their Anceftors. Phyfick, he fays, is wholly neglcded by them : They cure Men by Burning and Cutting, as they do Horfes. They cure the Jaundice by burning a Semicircle about the joyntof the Arm with a crooked Iron, putting on the place a little Cotton, andfo letting the vitious Humor diftil fiom it till the Diftemper be gone. They cure Wounds with Myrrh, which is there mighty common. They look upon it as an egregious Fable , for any Man to alTert, that the Earth is a round Globe, fufpendec^ of its felt' in the midft of the Air. He tells us, they eat raw Flefii, or fuchasisbut half-boird, and ufe Gall as a (auce. That they take Herbs half digefted out of the Bellies of Cows and Oxen kiU'd, and feafoning them with Salt and Pepper, they make a fort of Muftard which "much gratifies their Palate. ' ,i_>«-t J Xxx . * _ _*.— v-r y*^ <>/ C Mf.G eg %«• 5^ rife the ha lor Crt«M is yerv temperate, for the Rains and the Winds affw^e ^£ helf w3 is i'nfupportable in the neighbouring Coun- tries Nor hll Jw:7any Province more interlaid with Rivers i The Z.irwhcV is the chief of them, isvery confide«Ue for the Rapito and depth of its Stream. The Inhabitants ot C«» have M?n3Gold, b^ut they only make ufe "f Shells [or M^^y^^^t^^^ the moft part owned themfelvesChnftians " CwhoUcfo, by the E^ ample of their Kings in or about the year ^64°- f J^at tunM^e CaLiim had made a great progrefs there '" P'*.*'='>'"?'T'f *'f ^J^' thelefs did not fucceed according to expeftation j for being nevei wdl grounded in any folid Principles, they foonabandoncd the name and profeffion. The Fcmsal. bring ff •" *^"« ';:°f ^,1 0^^ For which reafon they have fettled then*felves '". 'l^«3m»U S which is called St. SahaJ<^, and in that of St. P.»/m the/™"/* eiLo«nd0, this was fmce feizd upon by the Dutch, which is very Of C M G 0. 5XJ level, feven Leagues long, and one and a half broad, Where they get frefli Water by digging holes in the Sand. The Portugals keep Gar- rifons in the Forts o(MaJprgan and Cambambe in the Kingdom oi An- gola, for the prelervation of their Silver Mines : And here it is, that they rendevouz their flaves appointed for Brafile. The Males only have the right of Succeffion in this Kingdom,' and all the Land be- longs to the King whonii they call Mani. Learning is fo little efteem- ed among the Congolans, that when Emanuel, King oi 'Portugal, fent to their King all the faireft Books of the Law he could meet with, and feveral DocStors to expound them, he fent the Dodlors back, and ordered the Books to be burnt, faying. That they would only con- found and diforder his Subjeds Brains,* who had no need but only of Reafbn and Common Senfe ,• however, that he would conti- nue no lefs the King of Portugal's Friend. Under the name ofCon^o are alfo comprehended the Kingdoms of Angela, Cacongo and Malemba ,* the Anjicians, who refemble our Bifcai* ners, and t\\Q Bramaso): Loanghi. But neither thefe Kingdoms nor Peo- ple acknowledge the King ot Congo, as formerly they cud. The King oi Angola ityleshimfelf grand So^e fallen to the Ground. They believe,7'/&e Sun to be a Man, and the Moon a Woman, and the Stars to be the Children of that Man and that Woman. -»■ ' > XXX'3 THE . I . . I, . v.X'i ,\ 1 . . , . ^ A5i& 514 C AfRARlA and MO NO MOTO P A. 'Iri^ ^^ 1, Aao V r|i _ *.,.^i)^/v -^'^ J 'orruntis bolpb ,^ P Je Ux^^ ICfrntlit ^%J*/^ I'n' :3« e ol /to.- E^ lONOMOTAP/! /Coaftof, Cail rrj TH E Country which bears the name of Cafrarla is the moft\ Southern part of all Jfrica^ and indeed all our Continent a- long the Ethic fick Sea, part in the Torrid, part in the temperate Zone, extending about twelve hundred Leagues upon the Coaft. It is full of Mountains, fubje(^to great colds, and under feveral petty Kings, the moft part of which pay Tribute to the Emperor oi Mcmmotofa.ThQ King of Sofala, which was part of the iy£gifyntba of old, pays alfo to the King o£ Portugal, who keeps a Garrifon in the Caftle of^o- fala, and by that means gets good ftore of Gold from the Mines^ which are up in the Country. And that Gold is efteem'd the beft in the World : From whence Vertomannus, Vokterranus, and from them Ortelius labour to perfuade the World how that this was Ophir. And David Kemchi, a learned Rabbi, places Ofhir in South Africa ; yet J ofephus, St. Hierome, and many more are of opinion that Ophir was part of the Eafi Indies ; whofe diftance and great plenty oFGold, beft agrees with a three years Voyage. They take it up fome- /' ' times rruntts e moft, nent a- te ZonCy t is full Kings, lys alfo Mines le beft I from is was South •n that plenty fome- times C AFRARIA anJ MONO/,IOTOPA. 51; times out of the Rivers in little Nets, after it has Rain'd. The Coaft of Cafraria lies low, and full of Woods ; but the Soyl produces Flowers of a moft pleafing fcent j and the Trees afford a lovely pro- lpe■ . .?^ '•iiSir fSfciji. 1.^^=:;^ ^1 ^t *?■" Of ^AlsGt/EBAR. The '"Jofthci'i part is call'd ^jen, and fcmetimes Neii^ Arabia. It com- j^rehentls the Dominions of Bravaj Magiuloxo, Adea and Adel. In Mo- z,am!;ique lies the belt place that the Fortugah have in all thofe quarters. ' Tor they polTefs a very ftrong Caftle in the Ifland of that Namej about hah' a League long, vi^here their Ships ftay for leafonable Weather to carry Kiem to the Eafi Indies. The Port is upon the North-fide of chi j City^and you muft leave two Iflands upon the left hand as you entc- into it. It wDuldbe better Inhabited/Dut the Air is very unwholefome* ^iloa lies in the fame Peninfula : The King therefore was the firft in Zanguebar that became Tributary to the Fortugals. In ^iloa are a moft excellent fort of Hens, tho' their Flefii, their Feathers, and tlieir very Bones be black. Alomhaze lies in an Ifland, and upon a Rock un- der ^d <^on South, was fubdued to the Crown oi Portugal by Almcyda^ in the year i jof. Sometimes the Pormgals Winter there, for Provi- fions are very plentiful and cheip. The entrance into the Port is io narrow and fo rocky, that in (ome places ti ?re is not room for a- bove one Ship to enter. The Eftates of Lamon and Tate are under the Government of Melinda. The Coaft of Aian contains the Re- publick of Brava^ a fmall Common-wealth, with a City built, ac- cording to the Falhion of the Moors. It has ufu^.lly paid a fmall Tri- bute to the Vortugals. Magadoxo is undera Kin{ 'heir own, and the Natives urc^Mahumetans. To Adea belongs a \t.:y good Port, call'd ■Barraboa Adel, whofc chief City is Arat, obeys a Iving, who is an ene- my to the AbejJJnes. Barbara ancli Zeila are places of great Trade, by reafon of the Conveniency of their Ports, towards the entry into the ked-Sea. Zeila was the Aralites o£ Plin. Ptol. and Stef>/}. the Etnporiim of the Trogloditica, 'tefie Mol. Zocotora'IHQ, well known to fbrmei Ages, to fome by the Name of Dinfcorida, thought to be the Topaz,o of Plinjf ,• by the Turks, Catn- chomer ; by the Perjians, Cabar ; by the Spaniards, Aicbar : Ramufio^ Curia Muria, aliis Alba Curia, incolis Abbadal Curia, is lituatcd at the Mouth of the Red Sc^, fixty Miles long, ;tnc twenty four broad, which though defedive in moft neceilar.es for life, yet it hath plenty ofPliyfical Drugs, efpccially of Aloes, called in Spain, Jerripcr ^vivum x!?" Sa.:guls Dr,:coTJum. Here John de Cajho for many days found it high Water at tiia Mcoixb.Rifing, and low Water wlicn the Moon was Highclh ' ,'\ A-^«. 0/ ••«• the APR 7 C A ,i)f. Jjlands'. jig 0/";/'f AFRICAN Ijlmds^ V-- IN the Occidental or Atlandck Ocean, and xiotf^.r irom ^nVisr^ wc find three difFerent Bodies of Iflands, and each very confiderable, viz,, the Axji^ih the Canaries, and Ce Verd Iflands, .:■:;■ :C/i '0/"f)5e J//a of the AZORES. _^ - Jl Jif Ti4Ajsr' OcMAN m- a ,">( a^ ^ ss »!f n U'Airfla. 2 de Jf?%Mmrtt. ^^ . 39 m T Yyy qr no S^:-/ ■:..^, l--j;,^5'4^i'-^*4f'' )■ -. ' if •>jS...,.-: , '■^' It . t» %. I^^HE ,^%om are fituatc befiwixt the thirty feventh an<} forty fixtTi Degree of Northern J^atitu^e, ^nd are.Nine ifi number, St. M/-. chael^ Saipt M^rr/w^ wWtJi Ijes ti^xt t^.S/'^^n* Tcvcer^ on the North- Weft, then Saint Graciofa, Saint Georges. Faial, and Pico, in the middle, j Como and F/orw neareft to America : Saint Michael^ diredl- ly North of Saint Maries, is the largeft, andof moft note among Mo- dern Geographers for the place oftliefirft Meridian, about which you may fee more in my Ufe of the Glides. Tercera is the chief of the reft in regard of its ftrength ^ of its commodious Haven, and well forti- fied Town Angra ; the Refidence vf the Governor and Archbi/hops Sea, it is efteemed the Principal of thefe Iflands, and communicates its Name unto them, the Air ofthefelflands is generally good. They are well ftoredwith Flefli, Fifhand Fruits, but the Wines not very good nor durable. The chief commodities they tranfport unto o- ther Countries are finging Birds. Oad for Dyers, which, yearly they gather in two places, called Los Folhadores, and los Ahares, and a fort of Wood red within, and waved within, admirable beautiful, I fup- pofe the fame Workmen call Princes Wood. The Ifle Tercera is as well fenced by Nature, and ftrengchened by Art, asm'^l Jfla^'cls in the World-, being every where hard of ac- ctfs ,• having nv. good Harbor wherein to flielter a Navy, and upon every Cave, or Watering Place^ a Fort ereded to forbid the ap- ^ proach of an Enemy, yet the Marquefs ofSanSh Cruz., after he had »j ' ihewcd himfelf (in the Road of-^w^r^) to Emanuel de Syha and Monf. :J de Chattes, who kept it for the ule of Don Antonio, with five or fix V thoufand Men, let fail fuddenly, and arivcd at Port des Moles, and here v^on a Fort, and landed before Mon[. Chattes could come to hinder him. i '- The difficult landing of our Engllfl} At Fajal, in the year i5'97. un- < der the condud of Sir tV. Rawleigb, was as valoroufly performed, as honourably and bravely enterpriled, but was more of Repu tation than , Safety. Thefe Iflands were firfl difcovered by the Flemings, but fubdued hy il-QPortifgals, under the conduct ot Prince i/l°»7, in the year 1444. ^'TH£ 1- -^ mfmmmm mmmmmm Of the C A nA RT jtjknds. nn HE Canary Iflands are now in number feven j by the Antients X call'd Infula fortunata, and by VUny, Omhrio, lunonla^ Major, Jmonia Minor or Theode, Canaria, Nivaria, Cafra-ia, Plavialie. By Vtolomy they were ftyled, Afrojitos, Her<*s Infula, Canaria, Tin- turia^ or Centuria, Cafpcria, Tkitania or P/«iVmfit. Tenerifcj is famous for its high Pike, faid to be the higheft Mountain in the World ,• for its Lawrel-treps; where the Canary Birds warble their pleafant Notes,* and for its Dragon-trees, out of which they draw a red Liquor, well known to the Apothecaries by the name of Dragons-blood, and for its yearly export of twenty thoufand Tuns of the moft excellent ^tne which the Worlcl produces. Palma abounds in Corn, Wines and Sugars, and all forts of Fruits, "Well ftored with Cattle, therefore the Vi(5lualling place of the Spamjb Fleet that pafletl^ to Peru and Brajil. Fero Ifle is famous for a Tree whofe Leaves deftil Water which ferves the Ifland, it would be too tedious for me here to relate the different Relations of Writers about this Ifland, I fiiall therefore only mention fome few : One Nichols, who had been feven years Fadior there, faith there is no frefti Water in the Ifland, only in the middle of the Ifle there grows a Tree, which being always covered with Clouds, drops from it's Leaves into a Ciftern very good Water, and in great abundance. One Jackfon, an Englifl) Man, aflfirms that the Tree hath neither Flowers nor Fruit, that it dries up in the Day, that at Night a Cloud hangs over the Tree, and deftils its Water drop by drop, and fills a Referver of twenty thoufand Tuns. Jans* in his Hydography faith, it very rarely rains in the Ifland. Linfchot faith there is no frefti Water , except about the Sea Coafl: ,• tut this defed is fupplied by the Tree. In the Hiftory of the Conquefts of thefe Iflands, 'tis faid that this Ifland hath great plenty of Water, and Rain often ; and in the high- er Countries are Trees which drop Water pure and clear, which falls into a Ditch, the belt in the World to drink. Ferdinand Suarcc faith. That this Tree bears a Fruit like an Acorn, of a pleafant and aromatick tafte, and that the Pond or Cifl:ern con- tains not twenty Tuns. Sanutus faith, the Cloud begins to rife about Noon, and in the Evening quite covereth the Tree. Others fiy, that this Water falls from Noon all Night. Others will have the Cloud always about the Tree, and that its diftillation is continually ,• now how to re- concile all thcfe different Relaters in a Virdicl of Truth I nuifl: leave /PIHP*W""'"''P' mmmm mmmmmmmmm 'Of the CAffART Ijlands. m white , fhat lumber. 3iintain [warble h they iame of 'uns of Fruits, ! Sfawjh r which late the )re only 5 Fador middle ed with er^ and that the 'ay^ that drop by Ifland. Coaft ; hat this e hi^^h- :ch falls Acorn, rn con- . in the :er falls about ' to re- [ mult ICilVS leave to the Readers Experience, or tiie more certain informations «bftiine. , . ... ;• ;-. Thefe Canaries are often times the Rendevouz of the Spanijh Weft* India Fleet, where they receive Orders to what part of 5/>- ' M : T H n ^^ 534 The $iinJs tfC^ FB RD, TH E Iflands which are in the parallel of Cape Verd, are to the. number of ten^ and bear the name of the Cape^ which lies in the moftWeftern part of all Afiica. Tlie Antients call'd them He- [prides and Gorgades, and the Fables plac'd there the Orchards with . Golden Apples which were kept by a Dragon. Chrifiopher Columbus faid, they were falfly nam'd, for in his third Voyage he found them to be diy and barren. They are, for the moft part, pofleffed and Jnhabited by the Tortugals^ who tranfport thence Salt and Goats- • skins, of which they make excellent Cordevants. There is in one of chefe Mands, called Mayo, io great quantity of Salt, that it is faid it could load above two thoufand Sail of Ships, fo that the f](f)w/»^x call the I/lands of Cape P" E R t>, 53 j call them all the Iflands of Salt, The principal Ifland is that of Saint J ago or James\ with a City of the fame Name, the belt Inhabited, through the unwholfomnels which is none of IS of the Air. The Nine other Iflands are Saint Anthony Sy Saint Vincent, Saint Luce, Saint Nicholas, the Ifle of Salt, Bona Vifia, Mayo, I. de Fugo, and Brava. There are fome wherein there are no Inhabitants but only Goats. The neighbouring Ocean bears the Name of Green, by reafon that it is covered with a kind of Qreen and Yellow Weed, fo that it looks Me a Meadow* There are four things which to me ftrongly prove , that the Iflands of Cape Verd do rather anfwer to the fortunate Iflands of Vtolomy, than the Canaries j I. Their difference of Latitude for Pfo- lomy placeth his fortunate Iflands between the tenth and fixteenth Degree of Latitude^ tlie Canaries are about twenty eight Degrees of ^Latitude. ' '■■ ' ''V;/-^ ■ '''"': ''..\r.--^'J-' j*iiiv' 2, Their diftance In regard of the Coaft of Africa, which Viohm makes rfie neareft diftance to be eight Degrees , when as the furtheft of the C^j^^y/fj is not fo much. ; 3. The difpofition of their Situation from Eaft to Weft, for "Ptolo^ my confines his fortunate Ifles almoft under one Meridian, the Cana^ Ties contain five or fix Degrees in Longitude. 4. In refpe»,, are not In- habited, and of no great account, only they afford Fowls, Wild Bcafts, and Fiih. Zocoteray and BeheUMendel, lie toward the Red-Seay where the paflage is moft convenient from the Coaft of Afrkk, Zocotwuj near €:,apc GuadafuL is under the Jurifdidion. of an -^r-'i > 'k C-^' •> .hi:. . •it>iy::j '(j 0'.^ .. I ' \ ■ ♦ Mddagafcar ' <■ Of MAD AG AS CAR andthctllartas atfacenU Yii MAdagafcar , Nadtcafe by the Natives ; ZazanM by the Ji-ahf Manuthlas Ttol. Magafier, by M. P. Venet. Jlb^q^ra, Tm^j, Do Ceme, Merc. Dauphin Ifland by the French ; St. Laurence hy TeL-f^v: 4' JcunnathQ Portugal, who difcovered it, An. Dom. i f 08. tho' gi oai' is the difference in Sj>rfwi/^- Writers about the n ft that landed he'-e, lies in the Eaftfirn 3 which wa call the Indkf^ Sea; it isthe bigi^eil: - .^ of all the Iflands that belong to Jfrka ; -from v/lience it dof;i nct'-jt-^. above a hundred or ninety Leagues diftant. :^or is there any if!:, vj ^ : ' in the World of fo vaft an extent : For it is iu length above dr ce hundre^d and forty of our Leagues, and about one hundred brc-Kl. ^^ ■ v.- ., ' ■ Zzz ; ,^- -v ' Its ^::\fi .:.*•; ,1: v*fc_. ;. ^>'!\'i ■ V'f''*- i* » I V;,,-. . ■ ■ ^."^ '' 5 j8 0/ ^ ^'I> AG A^C A'R\ dHttthe yiane^ ontjaceni Its chief Ports are the Bay o^ Antongil.ov St. Anthony ^tho, beft in all the IfliUKis : Further towards the North, Bo^mamge ; towards the South, Angoada, Gacumbout, Manialoufe^ Manajara , or the Port oi Prunes j Matatane, 'Manapatfi , or the Port pt Calliom , Mi^tyftenga ^ Anam- boul. Fort des Francois ^ Sancla^ Clara j Bay St. Lucia , Fort Dauphin ,• Cape Rontain j Cape St. Mario ; Port St. Augufiln ,• Port Santiago, or 'St, y antes • PortSt.-Wwi^^w/', Terra del Gada, Terra de St. Andro, f^in- •gagora, Sic. According'tto our Relations, the Air is temperate enough, the Soyl;pro4u'ces feveral forts of Grains and Trees ,• the Waters are excellent, and the Fruits delicious. The Mountains are full of Wood, Pafturage a^id Plants of divers forts, and the Champain Country is water d with Rivers anitl Lakes full of Fifti. Pity it is, that lo noble an Ifland, and fo populous, fhoi^Jd cqntinue fo long un- civilized, and corrupted with Mahumetimi and Heathenifm, and eftranged from God and'Yii'tue, and feated fo advantageoufly for Traffick with all the Wondy They trarifport from thence Rice, ; Hides, Wax, Gums, Chriftal, 'Steel, Copper.Ebony, and Woods of fe- veral forts. Among the Natives there are both Blacks and Whites, generally ftrong, A£tivQ andCouragious, lighted with fports. No- velties, Hunting, Hawking, Fifhing and Dancing are their Recrea- tions : Nature abhorring Cruelty, inftru6ts them to punifh Murther with Death," Adultery with publick Sham^; Thett with Baiiifli- • ment : Ignorant, they are in Agiiculture and Learning, for to them . Nil fcirCj nihil yucundius. • TherQ are in Madagafcar a great number of particular Lords, who bear the Title ot Rohandrius, who are continually at War among themfelves for their Cattle. The Englijh, Portugals and Hol- landers have fometimes fet footing there. The Enghfli in the Bay of St. AugufitHj and at a Port del Gada. The Portugals in the Bay of GaUions. The Hollanders in the Bay ofAntongil : But fmce the erect- ing VoTt Dauphin, the French have affum'd to themfelves all the Ealt- ern and Southern part of the Ifle. Madagafcar' i]ts AS Emprels amongft maJiy fnlallei' Iflands, which dojfi'jxs it were, inviron and defend her: The Chief wheieoi are the If^' Burbdn otherwife called Mafc:irenhns , twenty five Leagues lohg and fourteen broad, it belongs at this day wholly to rhe ^remh. In this IRand there is a Monntriin that vomits Fii c ,• but the reft of the Land is the beft and moft pleafrait in the World, ior the Waters are very wholefcme, and there .-'.re nicft cf theCommc- • dities which are in the L^land of Mcd^g^-fcf^.r, This is alfo calfd by cur Sea-meii or , ,, Of MAD AG A3 C /€^JC^nd the^^Jlands adjacent. 5-;^ Sea-men England's Foreft. The other Iflands are Mauritius, or Cemej where the Variation was twenty four Degrees and nineteen Minutes, tefie Herbert. An Ifland abounding witli, and capable of, all things re- quifite for the neceflary ufe of Men, in circuit about one hundred Englijh Miles; the Air good, the Soil Luxuriant in Grafs, Herbs and Flo wers,repleniflied with Trees of feveral fortSjeipccially with Ebony, Cocos, and the Palm Tree : Saint Afolonia, ancl others , the Names and Situations whereof you may fee in the Map. Nine Leagues from Mada^afcar lie in the Sholes or Baixios J' India memorably dangerous for Shipwracks, as are alfo John d& Nova, aud VrimerOy or St. Chrifiofber upon the Baixos d' Pracel. The Ifles o( Chumro arc four, viz. X^humro, MotiUa, where the Va^ riation was fixteen Degrees and twenty Minutes, Joanna and Majotta, , ..wv,,,;;*...^, J ..« »w.' . .' 1 . V • •> V'.. ■■■■■-. -J •>,( >^,,;- •v;\ /' \\ .;\ I.;.. 4« »i\.U. I a-, \-v„M , i, •. ji . i ;i ii 1 ,V- f - . V ,. . r V ^ '^ • i 'v. '■ ■Jv ^ /I ,-■- ^l-'< .i;t|-i irv . ft; ■ ^ ■ "J ■ , __ ■H ,^ ., -, '^rV ■'' ' ■' - ■ Zzz 2 1' .y M • y^^ c-.-. I ^ ^lalika iv. /. ?^#,- iW^j'^-? • *'■ .J<«f f4o Of MALTHA, 1^ ^' MAltha, feated almoft in tUe middle of theJVieditefmean, was h^lonc . T'^^ call d Af.//V^ from its plenty of Hony^ It is faid to belong to Afnca, as bemg nearer to that Coaft than the Coaft ofE«- XV'.fi y^'^' '^'? MaheCt^^n^k^ more of the Cuftomsand Man- ners of the Africans than of the Europlans. The Ifland had formerly the fame Lords as Sicily. Now it is the ttnT^ ""^ n'l^^A^^Vf.^'A?''^^'^ ^^J^rufahn, under one Prince whom they call the Grand Matter, the Patron of the Order The Emperor a^r/^. the Filth gave it to the Knights who had no ce- tain Refidence after the lofs o^ Rhodes, having formerly Refided at Jc- rufakm, Murgat Acra, and Limiffo m the Wand of Cjpr«.. The Or- •dens compos d of eight Languages, TrcvcTicc, Au^ergne, Fr.^ce, Italy, dragon , England., Qmijik^ which is^a l^ock._nqt i^ir -from thc.Coait. . , (;ix:'"i''rr;';,:^ ■:./:;. ■"■'.■ -) iUJ(l:'.-AVvJA-la.rr;7I ... •■; r»< *■. '»" ."w", . -■.■Ay^.:0 ';u V."'. :•: >.••■;'*'<•'..• A'MEKICA ^'. ' I.. . THIS fourth juij laft part of the Wor'J;? c,\t:\ ,»,- xr m^U, New for its laft difcercrv WoH^ f ■ ^"" itefs; 'tislik^wifecommonlyrLfiSeriv tefih "'• ^'''''j often the »'^.,*. , ^h.tkmdoe^^Z^]i-^^^iiZ:i; ^'''^ duceth we now do know in .art. but ihl 4'^^ fnS; This gre.-.t part ofthe Earth was unknown to tIipP„-..rL „„.-i i. year 1491. when it pleafed DivineProZ^nrlrrnf r'- """ A* that his Gofpel ftould be PreS tHl nS^^I a- '"^^^"^ ' ■ ' ■ - "-•'■' the - ;% ' Of A M E R I CA. / ^43 the motion of the Sun, he did perfwade himfelf that there was ano- ther World, to which that Glorious Planet did communicafiboth its Light and Heat, when it went from us ,• or whether he was informed of it from J'-.nfo Zmches^ we know not,- certain it is, this World he purpofed to feek jifter, and opening his defign to the State of Genoa ^ in the year i486, was by them rejed:ed, who therefore fent his Bro- ther to King Htnry the Seventh of England^ which MelTenger, whe- " ther being taken Prifoner by Pyrates, and detained a long while, or deferred at Court after his addrels, we find not certainly related ,* but true ir is, that in the mean time Chrifiofhcr Columbus conceiving the oifer of his fervice negleAed, apply'd nimfelf to the Court of Spain . where after fix years Atendance, h v \vas at laft furniflied with three Ships, only ifbr difcoveiy, with which he failed upon the Ocean more than fixty days, and could fee no Land, fo thv^t the Spaniards began to mutiny,* and Columbus Was forced to promife to return again^ if riiey could not fee Land in three days time, when toward the end of the third dky, one of the company defcried Fire. The place difco- vered was an Iflknd on the Coalt of F/onW^, by the Natives called Guhahaniy now Salvador, where landing his Men, he took pofreflion of this New JVorld for Ferdinando King of Arragon, and Ifhbella his Wife, Queen of C^j^i/?, CBober 11. 1492. After whom j^6-^« C.-z^e/-, a Venetian^ in behalf of King Henry the feventh o^ England, in the year , 1497. difcovered all the Nortn Eaft Coaft thereof, from Cape Florida to the South beyond Narfm^dland in the North, caufing the Rojalets to tixrn Homagers to that King,and to the Crown of England. Next after him, fiicceedcd Americusl^'efpufius,? Florentine, employed by Em.:nuehhQ King of Portugal, Anno i pi. upon a defign ot finding cut a nearer way to the Moluccas than by the Cape cf good Hope, who though he pafTed no further than the Cafujf Augufiine on the Coaft 01 Brajil^ yet from him this Country is called ^wtr/tv?. Asforthisvafttr..c^. of Ground in gene- ral, ithnsthe advantage of being temperate and fruitful, by jeafon of k5 great aridhiir rivers, and the frclh breezes that blow in the Torrid Zone, whereby we find th.it the caufe oi violent or rcmifs heats does nor al- ways pioceed fi'om the ncarncfs or diftancc ot the Stm -, but many times from the Situation of the p]ace,thc difpoCi! ol the JSlountaiiisor Lakes the Quality of the Soiljaiid the Nature of the \A'inds that blow. Tiie Wealth of Amefica is fo vaft, that Spain lias drawn, and ftill {{iCiWi, from thence prodiii'ious quantities of Goid and Sitvcr, aixl the Mines of /Vcy/ ha^'e ilirniJhcd him with many Millions. I'h.erc are no Treafurcs comparable to tlicfc related to bciOundin ptflefiion oL/htr,- /' //'/'j^^'.and Guimac.fpa, Kings ol Ptru^And to the precious Houlbold-<] ufr ci the/Ciry of dtfco. It v. as no extraordinary thing in the RcigJis of ■ **--/*.;i ■■':'..- . .thole ,y r ^ 5'44 ■> ' Of A M B R I C A. ' thofe Kings to behold Temples Vil plated with Silver, and to feeHoiifes, covered with flatcs of Gold. The Spaniards affirnijthat their Kings Re- venue amounts to above twelve Millions yearly by means of the Impo- fitioios which lies upon goods traafported thence, as Gold , Silver,. Pearls, Emraulds, Skirts, Sugar, Tobaco, Cochenille, Sarfa-parilla, Ginger, and other things. The firft Expence upon the difcovery of America jQdimt but to fifteen thoufand Ducates,which were advanced to Columbus by the Spanijlj Secretary of State, and not taken out of the Treafuries of the King. As for the Original of this People, it is moft, probable, that they did defcend from the Tartars, if fo be that the Weft fide of America be continent with J/ia, or disjoyned but by a^ very .fmall ftrait, as 'tis defcribed in fome Maps. , But from whatfoevcr Root they did firft come, t:ertaln it is, that they had fettled here many Ages fince, and overfpred all the parts and quarters of this large Continent. But their numbers are much wafted fince the Spaniards difcovery • for fome Authors affirm, that they put to death above ftften Millions of Natives in lefs than fifty years, and that the blood of thofe that periilied in the Mines, where they were forced to labour, weighed more than all the Gold and Silver drawn from thence. At the firft Aiivalof the Spaniards, they found the People naked,, reafon.ibly fair and clear, little inclining unto that blacknefs which is natural to moft of the Africans, and to fome of the Aftaticks that in- habit under the fame Clime. • • Ignorant they were of all things they had feen, wondering exceed- ingly at the Spaniards Shi^i^n^ Horfes, and ftrangely admired to fee them know the Health and afl^iirs of one another by reading a Letter^ yet 'tis reported,theM'A7V,r?wj had fome knowledge of the Deluge,- that they believed the Soul could not die, and the Body fliould revive," that thoie that lived honeftly and juftly, or offered up their Lives for de- fence of their Country, fhould find a place of everlafting peace and happinefs .• So natural is the knowledge of the Souls Immortality, and of fome Vbi for the future reception of it. They have as many Languages as Towns, which may be the reafon we have fo little knowledge of their Original : They are naturally active, fwift Runners, and good Swimmers. The Mexicans and Veruam^ "were the only Americans th^t lived in Ci- ties, which Cities tho' founded by People which we call Savages, wci e no way- inferior to ours in Europe, either for bignefs or magnificence. The Sj^miards pofieis the largeft, the richeft, and the mrft fertile Provinces ; among the reft Mexico and Peru, formerly two famous Kingdom:,; the fa (i Llcdivc the other Hereditary, and Claim it all as their ""■Hiii mmmm gsRc- Impo- Silvei'j arilla^ i^ery of ced to of the is moft lat the tby g. Of A M E R rC A, S4S their right, by Virtua of donation of Pope Alexander the fixth, in the year 1 49 ; . But the other |Jations would not give their confent. The Portuguefei have the Coaft oiBrafiL The French have their Colonies in Canada in feveral Iflands, and upon the firm Land. The EngUJii are fairly feated all along the Coaft ot North .^^wmV^, and in the Iflands. And of late the D«^o6have gotten many places on the Continent and on the Iflands : For fo rich a Prize could not be kept by the Spaniards, who hoped indeed to have had a Monopoly of fo wealthy a Country, and to have enjoyed without a Rival the pofTeflionoffo fair aMiftrels. The Seas that compafs this Continent are^on the Eaft^that common- ly called the North Sea, or Mar del J^ort ; on the Weft, the South Sea, or Mar del Zur, and on that part which hides it felf under the Pole of the Erymanthean Bear, to the South of the ftraits of Megelian, the North and South Seas meet and embrace together, dividing it as is fuppofed, from either Pole. Divided it is into two great parts or Pemfula\ by the IJ^htms of Panaf la, viz. Mexicana on the North, and Peruviana on the South. ^ 0/" Peruviana or South America* THIS part of the two great Peninfulas, into which the vaft Con- tinent of the New World doth now ftand divided, extends it felf from about the twelfth Degree of the Equator North,unto the four and fiftieth Southerly, and is now by Geographers divided into thefe King- doms or Parts, ^ulx, Cafiella del Or, by fome called Terra Firma, Gui^ ana. The Amazjons, Peru, Chili, Brajil, Paraguay, or La Plata, and Terra MageUanica. I J form approaches near a Triangle, whofe fides are almoft equal. Its fituation is for the moft part under the Torrid Zone, the reft un-, der the Antartick tempc;rate Zone. The Coafts of this part of the World are in part known to us, but the Inlands very little. _ '<^-., And here I muft beg PnrdcMi for my digreflion, from the ufual Order .md Method of Geographers, for being ncceifarily oblig'd to wait upon fome of ouvi North American Proprietors, for a more exacl Dc- fcription than what is generally extant : And the haft ot the J^cls *preiling me for more Work, 1 was forced to take this Cburfe to begin at fhe moft Southern pan: o^' America, and to proceed to the more Nor- therly, «nd ih fiiiifh this Circle of Geogr.iphy. Come wc therefore to , t '.J. |fc ^ A a a a M/igvU„7;!c,i i?4< pfM AG ElL Al^lC A V. .■^ .-;«?'■ M^£J'^^»l^a xies upon the South of Jr»erka, nc^s the Streight of Magellan, whofc Name it ftill retains, though fometimes caU'd the Country of the Pj^r^r^j. It is a very poor Country, andfubjedl to cold, by reafon of the high Mountains, where the Snow lies almoft a^l the year As for the Natives, they live in Caves, and aUe the Devil, that he. may do them no , harm. The Svamards , EnM and Dmb have given Various Nam^ to theplaces where they have-^been. built CtvidaddelRey Phdtffe, and feveral oilier Forts upon the Faftern Entrance m the Straits of Magellan, to hinder their Enemies from paf- fing. •f ***., ..,j2ai..iii:i jff^mmm wmm""^ ■■■■■IB mmm ting that way ,• biit all figriilied little or nottiing^bdcaifeo^ wiHie- ne§ of the Streight.and the ther$ have all palled tlieif^mc Streight. The Relations 6f the Spaniards siffiiin, that there are Men there, teiji foot liigh. Thofe Relations add, Denu-Giants,that will carry each of them a Tun of Wine, &c. They call them fatagom. The ^ngU^ vvho lately pafled the Magellan Streight report things quite contrary, ah4 fay, that the Natives of that Country are no bigger thanVur Europehns^' In the y e;gr 1 669.his Majefty oi Great Britain, his ^oyal Highnefs jjhe Duke oi rorl,arid feveral other's of the Nobilky, deligneH a better //■^ fly, nor go very Eift, having no Wings but fmall Stumps that they fvvim with, that they get their Food out of the Sea. Fort Defire lies in the Latitude 47d ;omj and from St, J ago 4^6 A 38m Longitude, where is fix Fathom Water^ at low Water Northward *• O^Tort Defire there lies a League of RockSjand are about a Leaguefrom the Shore : And on the South-fide is Teniuin Ifland, and juft at the entrance of it,on the South fide, is a fpired Rock, much like a Steeple or Watch Tower, which is a good Mark, and ftands about | a Mile from the Sea fide, and the River runs up about thirty Miles': A bar- ren Land, little Wood, or frefli Water, and no People were {tQn by the Engliffi : There were great ftore of .Weyetnacks or Spanijh Sheep,* plenty of Hares and Eftriches ,* abundance of Ducks, Mallards, alio Ducks,Curlews, Black-flianks,White-breafts,and great blew Ducks as big as Geefe, and ftore of Seals ; upon an IflandJ up the River, the Efiglijh found a piece of Lead nailed to a Poft, and a Tin-Box with a Paper left by Captain Jagus Lamir, 6a.ted December 8. 161 y. It is high Water at twelve of the Clock upon the full Moon or Change ^ and at Spring Tides it ebbs and Flows about three Fathoms r'ght up and down j die Harbors mouth is but narow, being about a liusket-; /hot from fide to fide. Porp Julian lies in the Latitude 49'Jbon^ ..Jt Mile withift the Narrow, theireis nine Fathom Water at high Water,andbut four Fathom at low Water ; the Chanel going in lies S. W. and N. E. and when in the Har- bor it lies S. S. W. and N. N. E. Tis high Water at half an hour paft eleven at Full Moon, or at Change, the Water rifeth and falls about lour Fathoni and a half. In the Harbor there are feveral Iflands and alfo two Ponds without a Bow-fliot of the Water-fid'e, tlie one is Salt^ Water, the other Fre/h. The Harbor affords great ftore cf Wild Fowl, as at Tort Defire : And the Land, Wcyetnackf, Fi,ftriches, Hares, &c. Here were feen five or fix Indians ^ and about nine Miles W. from the Harbors Mouth was found a great large Salt Pond full of good Salt. about three Miles long, and one Mile in Breadth. • Beach Head in Latitude yod opm^ from which about ten Miles lies the Hill of St. Ives. Cape Virgin in Latitude jd ij-m South Latitude ,• from the pitch of this Cape S. TV. there lies a Bencliy Po^nt, about a League into the Sea_, that has litrV* Bufiies growing upon the top thereof. The -iiit Narrow of the Magellan Streights, which is about three Leagues in length, and in the jiaTOWcft part about one League ov^r: The Water deep, no grou^nd with forty fathom of Line : At the Mouth ofthe entrance, it was high Water at eight oftheGlcck on the Jull Moon, and on the Change. The dittance between the firll and fecondf 0/ M AG E L LA iTI C A. ^ 549 fecond Narrow is about ten Leagues , and in breadth about fix Leagues. The fecond Narrow is about three Leagues in length , and four or • five Miles broad, in which were Queen £//2ie^(?r/ys Ifland, upon which were i^Qn. thirty Indians. , St. Georges Bland , St. Bartholeme-ivs • Iflandj &c. About Vort Famine, the Hills are very high, and covered Avith Snow 'y but the Land towards the Water fide was lower, and full of , good Timber Trees. In Fortefcus Bay, or Tort Gallant ^ Water floweth ten Foot^ and 'tis high Water about ten of the Cloelc on the Full Moon. . ;^ About Cape Mnnday was obferved fixteen or feventeen Degrees Variation, and is about thirteen Leagues from Cape Defire. The EngUni went up Segars River by Boat about nine Miles, and two by Land, but could lee no Inhabitants.' From Cape Blanco to the Lizard, the difference of Longitude was found to be 6od 4^01(5 and Meridian diftance eight hundred and forty Leagues. The Weft Entrance of the Streights o^ Magellan is ygd of South Lat. and the Eaft Entrance lies in fzd 20m ; The length is an hun- dred and ten Leagues. The breadth in (bme places two Leagues, in others not two Miles over , and is famous fur the pallage ot Magel- lan y Drake, Cavendijhy Oliver , Van 'North, Scouten, &c. There is another paflage between ':be South Scajandthe Atlantick Gcean,caird Fretum-laMaireyfound out in tbe year 161 y. much more convenient than the former, being about ten or twelve Leagues of length and breadth , and. then a large Sea formerly fuppofed to be Terra Attfiralls or Terra Incognita. That o^ Brewers difcovered in the year 1643. ^^^ ^^^ ' i^nQ ad- vantages as that of L^ A/^/Ve-. CIr' 'fjjii Sio i .*'**'■ '■ w' Of cum CI Hi// bears the Name of one of her Valleys, though^ fome fay ^k is 4 fo calle<«»^/^?y, where many Ships are loft. , 0/ Paraguay Rio de la Plata. 1HE Name of Plata iscommon to the Country, and to .1 great Ri- JL ver that waters it, 'twas given thereunto in conlideration of the. Mines^and the Silver which they hrft got from thence. The Country is very plealant and delightkd, for it abounds in Corn, Vineyards,, Fruit-trees and Cattle in abundance. Affimption is the chief Place in tiie Country,where the Spaniards keeps a GaJifon , near to wl-.ich is a>: t ■. K *^ I glCAH- '-.m >. , • ■ ."' Ik y 552. . Of L A P L AT A. great Lake in the middle whereof is a great Rockjfaid to be two Fathom 'above the Water. The true Varagnay Hes toward the head of the River, that bears the fame name,which in pur Language fignifies the River of Feathers. Parana lies along by the River fide, wherein there arc Catarads or falk-of Water above a hundred Cubits high. Buenos Aeres is one^oftheheft ColonieSj by reafon of its Commerce with fir^/j/^ from whence it receives the Merchandizes of Europe: Wliich is the r-e.4fon, that invites the Spaniards thither from Potofi to exchange their Ingots for fuch neceffaries as they want j notwithftanding the rigorous Prohibitions of their King, whofe duties are loft by that means. Chaco is a Fruitful Country interlaced with many Rivers. "ThQlTohare's were about fifty thoufand, and a valiant People* The Chiraguants will HOt fufFer th6 Spaniards to live among them. In this Country grow great Tte^s oFwhich the Natives make Boats all of a piece. They mark out their Highways by the fellings of their Trees ,• and in regard thefe Trees are fome blacky fome green, fome red, fome yellow the Forefts afford a pleafant profped. . / The Orchans are remarkable for the bignefs of their Ears. Accord- ing to the relations of the year 1627. there are in Plata, a more ci- viliz'd People^ and more capable to learn our Arts, and our Reli- gion^thanin all the other parts o^ America : For they fay,that,accord- ing to a Tradition delivered to their Fathers by St. Thomas , whom they call St. Sume, certain Priefts fliall come into their Country an^ inftuA them in the way of their Salvation. Tuctman is a very temperate Country, interdivided with feveral Ri- vers wjhich having water'd the Plains, fall into the great River ofPla- The Inhabitants are docible, lovei's of Peace rather than War • ta. So that that the Spavifli Captain, that fubdu'd them had no great need of any confiderable force for that purpofe. They have many Cities where they live un^er the Jurifdidlion of the Caciques ^ and their Wealth confifts rather in Cattle than Mines. The Spaniards have a Governor there and the Principal City is St. Jago dc Efiro in the mid-way between Bumos Ayres and Potofi. Then St. Miguel de Tu- <.umen. N. S, de Talevera on the River Salada. Corduba on the Road from Bucvos Ayras and Patofi^ and from SanUa Fee to St. Jago in Chili. The ^irandies to the Meridional part partake apparently of tl^j Sci- thian humor : For they live in Huts , that move upon Wheels, and -have always made great refiftance againft the Spaniards. The Trapa- tandsjy tha Juries J and Diaquites ArQthQ mofy famous. ' ' : -. ''■'^'' \: ' ' ' ;:•, ' Brajil OfB R AS I LB. '%-^iJ f« BKaftiz was calleclthe Country of the^^'^' .....^ :*.±'-^.--. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 1" ^^^^^ IIM •^ i^ ||||22 ^ m 1. IIM t»Ut. |l.8 1.4 1.6 V] <9 /a m, W,^ ^^///, . °^^ '/ /A Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 we:t ^.AIN street WEBSTEU NY MS80 (716) 8:.- 4jf^? f/j ^mmfm '"^;.4 S$4 ef :S\Ri,AS^Jil^S Geographical Maps to their own advantage. By this Regulation !/^/w- ander the fixth (whom Sixfifs the Fifth extols for one of the three greateft Popes of the Church) invefted FtrMnandKing oiArrazony and l[ahtl Queen oiCaftiU his Wife, in all the Lands to the Weft of an Imaginary Line, drawn from one Pole to the other, oner hundred; Leagues beyond the Ifles oiAtores, What was difcovered to the Eaft of tlus Line, was to belong to the King oiTortttgal ; the difficulty, was to put it in execution j fbron.the one fide, theO/ZZfwiu.begarL to count thefe hundred Leagiiesfroto the moft Occidental partrof the^ Azores ; and the Pcrf^^c/ejreckon'd from tjie moft Oriental, with the defign to exchange the Defarts of ^;wer/V4, for the poffeffion of the wealthy Moluccas, which were afterwards engaged to their King by. the Emperor Charles the Fifth, for three hundred and fifty thouiani Duckets. At length,becaufe thefe two Nations could no more agree in- this Particular than in many others,. die Por/»^<»/i accounted Brafik iall that which extends from the River Maranhaon, to the River of 'Plata Southward,* and the Spaniards placed the Southern hounds, thereof at Cape St. Vincents. Tho' Brafik lie unI>y xeafoA of the beauty ofit$ Soil ^bindi Todos ks Santos /" ' Swains mmm •-<^ & S ^ l^'/^L-k \'Y contains the City of San Salvador, the Refideftce of the Govtfiior, which was taken in 1624. by the HoUantUrs, v/ho got fo much Plunder there, that every Common Soldier had for his fhare above fifteen thoufand Crowns .• But this goo^ Fortune was the caufe of their retreat, and their retrieat gave the Tortugals opportunity to re*« take it. The Cafitania of Bm Janeiro, which the Savages call 64- nahara, is a great Rendevouz for Ships by means of a navigable Ri- ver, or rather an Arm of the Sea; that runs up tenor twelve Leagues into the Land, fome feven or eight Leagues broad. In the year 165:8. a Silver Mine was found in that Cafitania, That o£San Vmcenf contains Mines of Gold and Silver. The City of Santos is able to harbor Veffels of four hundred Tuns in its Port, in the year 1591. it was aiHiulted by Sir TTaomins Cavendijh, The People of Brajile go naked tor the moft part, and will croft great Rivers by the help of a Pannier and a Cord. The Chief are the Toufmambousy Les Margajas, Tafuyus, and others who differ in Manners and Languages, "and are generally diftinguiflied by the wearing of their hair. They were more numerous before the com- ing of the Portugalsy but feveral Toufmambous, to preferve their liber- ty, crolTed the great Defarts, and went to live near the River Ma^ ranabon. The Tapuj/es are more difficult to be civilized than the Btajilianf, which inhabit the Aldees, The Aldees are certain VU- lages, which contain not above fix or feven Houfes, but very large, and able to contain five or fix hundred Perfons. The moft part of the Inhabitants oiBraftk have fo well defended themfelVes, that, not- withftanding the Wars they have had among themfelves, they have however hindered the Europeam from making any progrefs in the Conquefts of their Lands. And have alfo feveral times ruined the Plantations and Engines belonging to the Sugars-works that are upon tlie Coaft. t ' i/!I ;■'■?'''■ 'r:-':"!?'': n >\ ■jl' -5 ;<»« • ;, *"»"• 'J'. i^-::*^-:^'ii ■ ^-^a .'-N- Bbbbt 941 '' '■ ''.'f-^^C ■J- ii^;vj7 ..,*.. ^:.. •>.,' "i- ^ '. . ' TH5 -.'•'•■-: :;:.^'jfe- "ii'— '• • t^^.J^'- mmm JS< mmmm^ ^^^^^tmmn ^ipp«7»wii»H^o^-- QffheAMAZO NJS. r^- '^ THE River Amazcne is the greateft and fwifteft River iny^leCon»any of Rivers. The Voyages of Texeira tells us, that the (Countries about the Jmaz^ne eiyoy a temperate Air. That the Annual Inundations, like to thofe of Nile, the great quantity of Trees and Forefts, that the pleafantnefs of their Fruits, the Verdure of their Herbs, and the beau-. ty of their Flowers, give refreflwnent and delights to the Inhabitants all the year long« ^ ^ That '.vj ZTir^-' -^j?w;,"x~»-. • ' "ii,pwiir^»ii«|([)ppiBPjnilP(|ipin^ ^Kmrn^mmmmimmm Of ? B KV. S5f That 'tis a Country fertile in Grains, rich in Pafturcs/ fiili with Rivers and Lakes, ftored with delicate Fifh and Tortife, that their jHoney is Medicinal, their BaTm excellent for Wounds ,• that they have inexliauftible quantities of Ebony and Brazil, ftoreofC^fo^ an^Tobaco, plenty of Sugar Canes, saidRocm for the dying of Sciarleti befwes Gold^ Silver, and other Metals^ which are found >Jhat they oWerve an hundred and fifty different l>Jations upon andabou^the Banks of the Amazme, of which the H0mA& iotth^ Afnazmian WomQn, from whence it is pretended this. jRiver took its name, many ahd.ftrange Relations have been writ of idiem. Am can find, of it is, that when the Inhabitants were in Amis, at the arrival of the Sfaniards^ there were feme Women fo <;ouragious as to be amongft them, but never any Country .of fuch> and therefore as fabulous, as thofe of whom the Gr«^ have f^mer^ ly writfil^h;Wonders,^ -V; ^''C ^t ^/i^v^:^;:;^:^;,^^H«^^^^r **fe^ .?iS.-;f,..>-.^.. V- i, ''; ' ,.. " I .J" 'I . ; , ' • i ... r . r 1 ^ ,". -jij*".' T E K V:. :AjJft*W.r.i>* rv.'. 'if' *. ERUisi name fo remarkable, that, under the fame,many timesv aUtheotherpartsof Southern ^wwVtf are comprehended,* It lies. almoft all under the Torrid. Zone ^. and yet it has not the qualities of the Countries in our llemifphere, that lie under the fame Zone, There are in it three forts of Countries, very difftrent the one from, the other, the Plain, the Hill, and the >^Ww. The plain lies npar the Sea, nothing delightfel, being Sandy, and fubjed to Earth- quakes. The hilly Country corSifts of Vallies, Hills and Mbun- tains, where it is very cool. The Jndesy where it almoft continu- ally rains, are very high Mountains, yet fertile and well peopled. The plain is not above twelve Leagues broad, the Hilly Country tvt/enty ; and the jindes as broad as that. So that under the name o£Peru are comprehended more Lands than are fubdued bytho;' Spaniards, The Spaniards have a Vice-Roy in that Country, where yhey have^ mk ^^ ■m ^^■%- VjS Of T E R V. pftfttcularly fortified ^rica j being the place where the Merchan^ifes df Lima, and the Weahh of Potoji are brought. They invaded this Kingdom under Vis^ano, in the year 152 y. But the Civil Wars that cnfued, hindered for fometimethe abfoluteConqueftofitheCountry. The hdims that cannot'defendthemfelves pay Tribute. The King of Spain receives vaft Treafures out of the Mines of P«r«. -FoFthepiid- cipal Cities are full of it,and the very Earth is oftentimes nothingSut Gold ami Silver : So that .Pern is certainly the richeft Country in the World. And it is reported, that the Spaniards made above twenty Millions of DiiCates of tfhfiir Voyage thither. : -.,,^.m> The Ways ai* fo fecure from Robbery, that four Muiqueteers ferve for a ConvdV, for thre^ or four thoufands Ducates. The Inca's were Hereditary Kings of Per«/or above three hundred years before the Invaiidn of the Spaniards, They had made there two High-ways,* the one along the Plain, where it required an extraordi- nary Expence to fettle the Sand, riie other over the Mountain ,• where it was as necelTar^ to fill up the Valleys. Thefe High-ways wereevei-y one of them five hundred Leagues in length j and upon the joad flood Houfes, whither Travellers were carried and entertained by the Natives upon freecoft. The fame Inca's had alfo reared Temples to the Sun, to the Moon, and to the Stars, which they call Ladies ar- tendingthe Moon ; to Ligiitning, Thunder, and Thunder bolts ,• and to the Rain-bow, which they faidexecuted the Sun's Juftice. It is re- ported, that their polities were not unlike thofe of the Greeh aj^ Ro^ fnans ,• that their Government was mild, free and liberal : And that they divided the Earth into three parts, the firft high, the fecqnd low and the third under ground,fignifying Earth, Heaven and Helf. ^taha" Jippa, who was one of tho(e Kings, faid. That the Tope was not a Wife Man, to give away that which was none (fhis own, ana that f^ his part he had more n ifon toperftr the Divinity of the S«», than of a Man that »as Crucified. He alfo threw away a Breviary, which they prefented, be caufe it fpoke never a word of Chrift, of whom they told him it re- lated great things. . This unfortunate Prince being defeated and taken by the Spaniards at Caxamalca, ofFer'd for his liberty as much Gold as could be heaped up halfway in a Hall feven and twenty foot long, fixteen foot wide, and proportionably high ,• neverthelels they put him to death, as a Traytor and a Tyrant. It is not to be wondered, that the Jbica'i had fiich vaft ftore of Gold and Silver, for they had framed in Gold al) the Creatures and Plants imaginable in their Temples,* alfo they put great numbers of Statutes of all pure G0I4, and adorn'd with precious Stones. The Edifices were de- - ; .. ■ .f.: , . moliihed molifh rials, a ous Su The Sierra Drugs, Jnf»Gt^ tle^ beCin j< -■Al- ^J^^t t}f ? E i^: U. SS9 molilhed by the Spaniards, who expeded to find Gold in the Mate- rials, and in the cement of the Stones, though they got a prodidgi* ous Sum befides. . The Provinces of Peru arc ^ito^ Los Reyes, Los Charcas, and La^-^ Sierra ::^lto, which produces much Gold, Cotton, and Phyfical Drugs, has a City of the fame Name, the Antient Refidence of InfaGuaynacapa, The Province de los Reyes^ contains the beft Ci-^ tieiyp the Co«mtiy, Lima and Cufco ; Lima is new, and one of the beiRn all Jmerica, though it contain not above fix thouland fiihabi- tants. There are alfo about four thoufand Negroes, but they keep them difarm'd for fear of revolting. The great Trade of the Town, the Refidence of the Vice-Roy, and the Archbifhop make it the Ca- pital City of Peru, Callao a City and a Port two Leagues from Lima, is able to receive and fecure feveral Veffels. Cufeo builtfour hun<3red: years before the 5>,and the North Cape, is not much coveted by the Europeans yhtCAm^ it i§very boggy, . The Country about the Lake Parime, in the middle of G«y/»»^«krand chofe-rather to returri into their own Coun- try ; The Water of the-aforefaid Lake is falt^ but it becomes- fweet through the abundance of Water that falls into it out of I feveral Rivers. VenezMela ^vo^mcqs all things neceiTary for human fuftenance^fo that it is, as it were, the Granary of the adjacent Pro-,. vinces. .^■;\<*^^:"v ; ■ '■;:■•=••■'-.'..;•;;.■■...''. New Andalufia is dtherwife called Tarta, froni its great River ; and the Seacoft bears like that of the Venezuela, the narne of the Coaft of Tearls, by reafon of the Fifliery there, fince it fail'd about the Iflandsr^ o£.Margareta ^nd Cukaque, Some of the Indians ftill hold out agaihllf , the ^fidw/'Wjj and the'moftpart oftheSea Towns have been often plundred by the Englijh. The Country ne^Cr Comana is full of Salt- pits. The Country and Citj' of Vopajen have prelerved the name oi' their laft King. The Taezes, the P/>o^j the ManipoSj and other neigh- bouring Natives could never be fubdued. The New Kingdom of Granada, which was difiovered by one Xlmenes a Granadin, affords Silver, Copper, .Iron , and Eniraulds. Herctofoi*e there was one brought to ?hllip the Second King of Spain, of lb high a Price, that the Goldfmiths knew .not how to va- lue it: And therefore as a rarity it was laid up in the TrcallTy of the Efcurial. ■ " . , .:^- •"■'••" ■ i... ->.• -..^ ■M- '%-^k CCC C 2 B etvveen .r^. ppp mmmm IUI*PM l|l I. filUpilipilJLI « J>«f«. 61 M^ of The TfiUhk ['^^ StCMttt-M. 'r.7t ,..'•' ' •■■ . in want the F< Gold ofSu^ the en dred- theirj rsfs a Morn 6/ fhe Weflern Kflamk 5^5 in tticir Summer Livep^, the Meadows green, as ifthc}' M enjoy a perpetual Spring ,• offuch excellent Herbage, that the Cattle biouglit thither out of Spain have increafed beyond mealure, grown wild for want of proper Owners, and arc hunted unto death, like tlic Stags of the Foreft, only to rob them of their Skins. In a woid, rich Mines ot Gold without njixture ofDrofe, or other Metals ,• the great incrcafe of Sugar Canes, one Cane filling twenty, fomctimcs thirty Meafur»^ the exceeding increafe of Corn, producing in fome places an hu!v dred-fold ^ Herbs and Fruits, that in the eigh^en days will come to their perfeftioris, and ripen, &c. are evident Arguments of the rkh- r.3fs and fertility of the Soil, only the Air' is much infefted with Morning Heats, but cooler in the Afternoon. It was difcovered by Columbus y in his firft Voyage made 1492. The Spaniards have fmce fettled many potent Colonies there, who, having rooted out the Natives by their infinite Cruelties, and e : nufted the riches of the Country with an infinite covetoufiiefs, difporled them- felves into the Continent. Its chief places are St. Domingo j firft built by BanLJomeus Columbus^ Anno 1494. now i);:uate in a pleafant Country, with a file and capa- cious Haver for Ships to ride in. An Arch-Bimoprick,anda place of great Trade, till the taking of Mexico, and the difcovery of P^rw, fince which time it hath much decayed, nor hath it yet recovered its felf of the great lofs and damage itluftained by Sir Francis Drake, in Anno 1586. Torta de la Plato, the fecond place of Trade and Wealth, feated on a commodious Bay on the Northern Shore. Atprefent among their Infeds and Vermine,the Nigua is the moft dangerous, it leaps like a Flea, and piercing it felf 'till it lodges be^ tween the Skin and the Flefti is very troublefome to get out. The Cacugo, a kind of Snail, that hath its Eyes and Flanks when it opens its Wings, fo Bright, that it ferves to Read or Write by in the darkeft Night. Among their Fijh the Manati is the moft remarkable, which is A kind of a Sea-CaUj about twenty Foot long, and their young not a- bove a hand long. The Commodities now are Cattle, Hides, CaJJia, Ginger, Cocheneil, Guaiacum', and other Herbs, as well for Phyfick as Dying. The French now poffefs the Weftern part of this Ifland, as alfo the Iflatid7or//<^^j, notiai' fromit. ' . ■ , "«•■. ■■■ '\\ '.r'. ■ Of •v> . ■ •« M S66 ::'!r-'j-- -^ ■■'.■-t.i't.T"'' Of the XVefiern fflands. Of CV'BJ. i-^r-i-r.- z-*m:-- CVBA, by Chrifiofher Columbus cAXAFerd'manda, is in length from Eaft to Weft about two hundred Spanijl) Leagues ; in breadth not about w^nty five or thirty, in content equal with Hlfpaniola^ for fertility of Sbilj and temperature of tlie Air, beyond it. Liberally ftored with Gingery Mafiichy Caj[ia, Aloes, Cinemon and Su- gar, belides great plenty of Flejh, Fijh and Fowl, the Gold more droflie in the Mines than thOiQ-ofHiJpaniola, butthe5r 1 .'.::: • r v.. • -'ii •J -r- '>'■■. ...KK. 1 "'•'.. t ■ ^ l-» ,. > ,♦', t'. .«' -^^ _. ■' * in'?' • , ■ - ■" Barhadoj .0... »» Vj Of B A R BAD O'S. sn • ".I ioid^ BArhados is the moft confiaerable Ifland, that paiTes under the name ot the Caribhe Ifles. It is feated on thirteen Degre^es and thirty Minutes of North Latitude ; being not above eight League* in length, and five in breadth, of an Oval form. It »s a potent Co- lony, Inl able to ami ten thoufand fightmg M«n, which, with the ' ,::. Dddd » ftrengtli ^K '■'*' /. ^ Of^the Carihhe Iflands. ^■■■«WPi<«i"i»«"^"^*^"^""^'Www»WI^7S)!pi 57* ftrengch that Nature hath beftowed upon it^ is able to bid defiance to the ftouteft Foe. This Ifland is very hot, efpecially for eight MonthSj yet not fo but labor or travel is fufFerable^ by reafon of the cold breezes of Wind, which rife with the Sun, and blow frefher as the Sun mo?mteth up. The Air, tho hot, is moift which caufeth all Iron Tools to ruft, but this great heat and moifture makes the Soil exceeding fertile, bear- ing Crops all the year long, and its Trees and Plants are always green, and the Fields and Weeds always in their verdant Livery. Its commodities are Sugars^ Indko, Cotton-Wool , Ginger, 'Logwood, Fttfikky Lignum Vita, ^c Of the four firft there is fucn great abun- dance, that above two hundred Sail of Ships have yearly their load- ing there. As for its Trees, Fruits, Herbs, Roots, Fowl, Beafis, IfiJeEts, and Fij^, they are much the fame as found in Jamaica, to which I refer you. The Ifland is divided into eleven PrecinAs or Pariflies, in which are fourteen Churches and Chappels. The Names whereof^ and how fituated. you may plainly fee in the Map. Its chief places are, bt. Michael, formerly the BriJg-Town, fituate at the Bottom of Carlijle-Baf in the Lee ward or Southern part of the Ifland, having a capacious, deep and fccure Harbor for Ships, large enough to enter- tain five hundred Sail at orice. The Town is graced with abundance of well-built Houfes being the Refidence of^he Governor,the place of Judicat]^re,and the Scale of Trade, whece molt of the Merchants and Fadors have their ftore-houfes or fhops ; It hath two ftrong Fortj oppofite one to another, with a Plat-form in the midft, which commands the Road, for the defence and fecurity of the Ships. Next is little Brifiol, formerly Sprigks Bay, leated about four Leagues Leeward from St. A//V;6Wj, hatha commodious Road for Ships well traded, andftrongly defended by two Forts. ;. Saint James, iovmtiXy thQ Hole, hatha good Road for Ships, and, is of a confiderable Trade, where is kept the Monthly Courts. 4. Charles Town, on OyfterBay, fecured by two ftrong Forts with a Plat-form in the midft. The Inhabitants of this Ifle are of three forts Mafters, Chrijlian ServAnts, and Negrdes. And according to the Calculation not long fmce made, the two firft did amount to fifty thoufand, and the Negroes to double the number. . ' . .;. :3 h ' ■ - 1 ■• The Of the Carihhe Jjlandsl \n The Mafiers. Cor the moft part live at the height ofPleafure, and the Servants, at the expiration of five years, become Freemen of the Ifland and imploy their times according to their abilities and^capacities, an^ the Negro Slaves are never out of their Bondage, and the Children they get are likewife perpetual flaves. The Ifle is governed by Laws aflimilated to thofe of England, by a Governor as fupream, his ten Council as fo many Peers, and an hun- dred Burgeffes chofen by the Commo^ialty out of each parifh. SAint Chrifiofhersj (o called from Chrifiof her Cokwhs the firft Di/c6- verer thereof, fituate in the Latitude of feventeen Degrees and twenty five Minutes,in Circuit about feventy five Miles,the Soil light and fandy, produceth Sugar, Cotton, Tobacco and Ginger : The whole Ifle is divided into four quarters, two of which are poffeffed by the Englijh, the other two by the French ; the EfjgUjh have two for- tified places , one commanding the great Haven, the other diftant not far from the^Poiiit De Sable, By the Treaty of Breda, the French were to return- us St Chrifio^htn, which after four years delay was de- livered to Sir Charles Wheeler, but my Information tells me, the Plan- tations were deftioyed, and Country laid wafte, and left in a much worfe condition, than if it had never been planted. However the French have now four ftrong Forts ; that ol moft note is cj^Ued BaJJe, Terre : Tliere are five Churches belonging to the EngUjl)^ at Sanday. Voint, at Palm-Tree , one near the great Road, and two at the 'Inlet of Cayom : And the FrenchhavQ a Town of good bignefs, whofe Houfes are well built with Free-ft one, well Inhabited and Traded unto, with a fair and large Church and.Caftle, being the Refidence of die Go- vernor, pleafantly feated at the foot of a high Mountain, not far from the Sea, having fpatious Courts, delightful Walks and Gardens, with a curious proj^ed. ' Nexfis or Mev'is, a fmall Ifle, not above eighteen Miles in circuit, near St. Chrijlophers, Inhabited by about three or four thovS^yn^ E'ng- lijh, who live well, and drive a Trade of Sugar, Cotton, 'v}inger and Tobacco, a well governed Colony, it hath three Churches Tor Divine Worfliip, a Store-houfe- for the accommoddtlons of its Inha- bitants ; h ftrong Fort fbr the lecurity of Ships, in the Road called Bath Bay, from its Bath which are miich frequented for the cur-ng of feveral Diftempers. , ^ * ^; ..... . . , ■ • ' Antego^^' . y ,.,,. .»-' «p *-vv 574 Of the Carihhe Ijlattds^ Atitego, feated in the Latitude of fixteen Degrees, eleven Minutes, of a difficult accefs, and v€ty dangerous for Shipping, it hath fome few Springs of Frefli Water, plenty ofmoft Ibrt of Wild Fowl, for Fifh great abundance. .■• '. - > Dominica feated in the Latitude of fifteen and a half^ of about twelve Leagues in length, and eight in breadth, is very Mountainous, yet not without many fertile Vallies, and might be.of fome account to the Englljh, would they fubdue the Natives, who do much annoy them. Moftsferrant in the Latitude of feventeen Degrees, of fmall extent, is much inclined to Mountains, filled with Cedar Trees, and the Vallies and Plains are fertile, moft inhabited by the Irljhy who have there a Church for Divine Worfhip. Anmlla in Latitude of eighteen Degrees, twenty one Minutes, an Ifland but flenderly inhabited, and efteemcd not worth the keeping. Barbada in the Latitude of feventeen and a half, not of any con- fiderable account to the Englljh. ' Sanil^a Cruxy inhabited by the French, Woody and Mountainous. Guadaloupe, about three Leagues in length, pofTelTed by the Frenchy ' of fome note for its Frefh Water. Grenada, about fix Miles in length, in form of a Crefcent y poffef- fed by the jFVfwcA. v- '" Saint Vincent, about fix Leagues in circuit, of a fertile Soil, yield- ing abundance of Sugar Canes, well watered with Rivers, having fafe and convenient Bays for Shipping, poffeffed principally by the Dutch. For the Engli^ have here fome fettlement, but not confiderabe. Guracao, Tabago, Saba, and Euftache are alfo in poflTeflton of the Dutch. February 16. 1677. was the account of the taking Tabago by Count d' Efiree : The ninth or tenth o£ December landed fifteen hun- -dred, and attack'd the Fort, opened the Trenches, and raifed a Bat- tery, on which were three Mortar Pieces ,• the third Bomb that was ihot in the Fort, fet fire to their Magazine of Powder, by which the Vice-Admiral Blnches, fifteen Ofllicers, and about three hundred Soldiers were kill'd and the reft furrendred, the Fort was deftroyed, two hundred Pieces of Cannon taken, and four Dutch-men of War in the Port. • . . . Martin polTelTed by the French and Dutch. St. Martinique, Dejjeada, Marigatanta, St. Lucia poiTefTed by the ^rencjb. ('.- -i f Of B E R MV D J SF. 1 fMnr^fick Tovt Z.J)io>ei'* JSrrt %.Taaets Tort m. Jloancak in. i^irainiA by T<- nm-ien if fMu/tf qttitt^ue virt in. . dolumtm. nw^rum. navigifiutnum omm* m Cotumt-t inJ/tiet'niam. a^uietiiftt ^tiu/e ab nom: intan. truntoria vix /£ru&^' cfnUttw THE Bermudas are a certain number of fmall Iflands firft difco- vered by one John Bermudas, finct called the Summer 1/lands, from the Shipwfack which Sir George Summers and Sir Thomas Gates fufFcred Jnuo 1609. Of thefe Iflands, the greateft, to which the Name o£. Bermudas is more generally given, is about y Leagues long, and 2 Miles broad, all the reft being very fmall : The whole clufter together do form a Body much like a Crefcent, and inclofe feveral good Ports ; the chief whereof are the Great Sounds, Harrington's Sound, Southampton Harbour, guarded with feveral Forts, taking their Names from the feveral Noblemen that were concerned as Undertakers , which are fet down in the Map; asalfo the Names of Tome of the biggeftlOands ^ V^^ ^nce vj>^i. W?W" If _ III. I 111 iKt' I I <(;j ., ^^^^fifmi,^t^ )/ B B RMV D A S. ■rn- Since the Ertfiijh firft fetled in thefe Iflands, they have now efta- bliihed a powerful Colony, confiftingof about 4 or f 000 Inhabitants, who have ftronglf fortified the Approaches by the aforefaid Forts , which, with the Rocks in the Seas, render them fecure and impreg- nable ; fo that without knowledge of the Paffages, a Boat of 10 Tuns cannot be brought into the Haven ; yet by the afliftanceof a skilful Pilot, there% entrance for Ships of the greateft Burthen. The Earth in thefe Mes is exceedingTertile, yielding two Crops every year, which they gather in about July and Dtcember, They have no frclh Water but that in Wells and Pits, which ebbs and flows with the Sea,, there being neither Fountain nor Stream in thefe Iflands, nor venomous Beafts, neither will they live if brought thither j nor are their Spiders poyfonous, but of fundry and various . Colours,and in hot Weather make their Webs foftrong^ that the fmall Birds are fometimes entangled and caught therein . * The Sky is generally ferene and clear, and the Air fo temperate and healthy, that 'tis rarely any one dieth of any diftemper than that of old Age : So that the Inhabitants enjoy a lon^ and healthy Life. When the Sky is at any time darken'd with Clouds, it thunders and lightens, and is very ftormy and tcmpeftuous : The Nor^h and Norh- f ^ weft Winds caufe Winter in Decembtry J anuarjij And February y which yet is fo very moderate, that young Birds, and Fruits, and other con- comitants of the Spring, are feen there in thofe Months. They havefeveral forts of excellent Fruits, as Oranges, Dates, MuU , berries both white and red ; in the Trees whereof breed abundance of Silk-worms, which produce much Silk* Therejs alfo plenty ofTortoife, , whofe Flefli is very delicious. There is good ftore of Hogs, an'Q great vaciety of Fowls and Binis. There is alfo a fort of Cedar-lrees, which diner from all others in the world, the Wood whereof is fwcet and well-fcented. Their chief Commodities are Oratjges, Cochineil and Tobacco, wi»h (bme kind of Vearls and Ambergreeee^ of which laft, 'tis reported , that the three men left there, after the Death of Sir George Summers, '■ found in Scmerjet Ifiand as much of it as waswoth 9 or loooo Pounds Sterling. And now they keep Dogs for the finding of it out by its fcent. Thefe Ifles are now divided into Tribes or Counties, and the whole reduced to a fettled Government, both in Church and State.and is ftill 'improving to greater perfection. n- [ Vlace this between Page 574, and ^75". ] •^ Of the Carihhc Ijtanis.. 57r •M », Of the LUC A YES. ■r/ \ AR E fo called from Lucapn^ aiiU ^'. . .^■. .■■,^: ■ ■ . ,• • :^ r.,*-^ ,^^..AK'^■n'■ ■!''^'''r^'i ^ •• •.•>. wi*h )rted , ytmersy ounds - - uj. V - ;.■ -'. -. • \ ■ ■ ...4. . . " ' ■ ' ■ ' * r ' '/■■•' ■;'•'. . ■ by its whole is aili ''■■ y^-'- ■■^■■^.^^-f-^- <. • :'- •■ .^- \ ' ... r,.., ,^.^-i -v-r-^^ '7/. ] "" '".■ ■■ •' t '■■ ■ ' - .}-\ ■■ ■■ _ ., x^.^. .: .. .; The i, /■ ■(^;^r >7^ Of !^ew S r 4 I ^* ' 1 TH E Indians, call this Countfy Mexico ; the Spaniards, New Sp^i^) the Latins, Nova Hifpania ; a Country abundantly enriched with inexhauftable Mines of Gold and Silver, the Air exceeding Temperate, though feated in the Torrid Zone : Its Soil is fo fertile, that no Country in the World feeds fo much Cattel. The Riches of the Country, befides their Gold and Silver, Copper -and Iron, are their Grains, as Wheat, Barley, Pulfe, and Mayz. Theii' l^ruits as Pomgranets, Oranges, Lemmons, Citrons, Malicatoons, Cherries, Pears, Apples, Figs, Coco-nuts and variety of Herbs, Plants 4ind Roots. There is alfo Wool, Cotton, Sugar, Silk, Cochenel. From thence is likewife exported the Grains of Scarlet, Feathers, Hony, Balm, Amber, Salt, Tallow, Hides, Tobacco, Ginger, and ^divers Medicinal Drugs. Amonjg the Rarities there is themoft admirabk Plant called Magney,^ vw Oi '-P-.5.I tJi iJhos\ ^T> iriched :eeciing fertile, Copper . Theii' itoons. Plants ;henel. athers, r, an : \ ,;< As alfo two Mountains, one ofVhich vomits Flames of Fire like ty£trta ; the Other fendeth ^rth two burning Strean/s, the one of black Pitch, the other of red, to which I may add their fine Pidures made with the Feathers of their Cineons (which is a little Bird living only on dew) fo excellently are their Colours placed, that the belt Painters of Europe admire the delicacy thereof^ far exceeding a piece of Painting. Jt was once an Ele(5live Kingdom, full of great Cities^ well go- verned, civilized. Should we,faith Jccfia, parallel the Pol'ticks of the Uncas, or Kings of Pfr«, and Mexico, with thofe of the Greeks and Romans y thefe would have the advantage, but the beft of thefe good Laws and Policies were aboliflicd, when the Spanianis became Ma- tters of thv. r ,itiy, dividing it into feveral Parts or Provinces, viz. New Gallchy i^uadalajara, New Bifcay ^Mexico, Mechoacan, Vanuco, Ju~ catattj Guatemala y Honduras^ N'c .ragua, Coftarka, Veragua, and Others ^ theyjhave eftablilhed Parliaments at McxkOyGuadalojarajUndGuatemala. New Mexko properly fo called lying round about the City of Afex/Vo, is the beft, and beft peopled part of all Amerka ,• that City fuffered a dreadful lofs in the year 1629, all the Dams, and moft paj-t of the Houfes, being carried away by the violence of the Streams, for it is fituated upon the laltLake about twenty five or thirty Leae[ues in com- pafs; into which falls another Lake of frerti Water, and both toge- ther are forty five or fifty Leagues circuit, in which are laid to be fifty thoufand Ferries continnally rowing about to carry PafTengers, having about fifty Towns on their Banks, fome fay, eighty Towns, many of them count five thoufand Houfes, fome ten thoufand. 1 he filt Lake Ebbeth and Floweth according to the Wind, yielding no kind of Fiih. In Mcxko are faid to be four thoufand Spamards, and thirty thoufand InMam; it is the Refidence of the Vice Roy, and Arch- BiJhop. Before the Spaniards took polTeffion of the' Country, 'there were feveral confiderable places near to Mexico. The Siege of Afmcojafted about three Months, wherein Certez had near 200000 Indians, nine hundred Spaniards, eighty Horfes, feven- tecn or eighteen Pieces of Ordinance/ixteen or eigb-^^n Vergantines, and at leaft fix thoufand Canou's , where were *^.ain i\fty Spaniards E e e c fix •A ■A I -q 4 <» ' •M TfTSrT"^ li^^ \ 578 Of ^em S P A I M. fix Holies , and about eight thoufand Indians on Cortex, fide : Of Mexicans were flain 120000^ befides thofe rliat dyed with Famine and Peftilence. '^i'-^ *i ;. -j ::tj. ;.:.,' The Vergentincs whefewitH Cortex, befieged Mexico by Water^ were brought by land in pieces from Tlaxcalkn to Texcuco, and 400000 Men fifty days employed in the finiftiing of them, and making a Sluce or Trenchj and lanching of them in the Lake. At that Siege Montez,anta the Emperor was taken by Cortex, out of his own Palace and made Prilbner,whichcaufed the Mexicans to rebel againft Cortex, and the Sfaniards, and fought a fierce and bloody Bat- tle two or three days together, crying out for their Emperor ^ where- upon Cortex, defired him to go to the Window to {hew himfelf, and command his Subjeds to ceafe their fury, who fo doing, was hit on the Head with a Stone, with which blow he fell down dead to the Ground, and this was the end of that great Emperor, who was of the greateft Blood, and the greateft King in Eftate that ever was in Mexico, flain by his own Subjects againft their wills, in the City of his greateft Glory, and in the cuftody of a foreign and ftrange Nation. After the death of Alontexum-a, they made .^alutamoc their Em- perorj and perfifting in their furious Battery againft Cortez his Pa- lace, caufeci him and all his Spaniards to flieout oi' Mexico : But the Spaniards having made fixteen or eighteen Vergentincs at Tlaxcalkn^ and got new Supplies ^ they again fo befieged Mexico by Water and Land, that it was reduced to great necefiity with Hunger and Sick- nefs, ani tho' in this extream miiery, yet they would not yield, no not when they law the Kings Houfes burned, and the greateft part of their C ity confumed, fo long as they could keep one Street, Tower or Temple,- and though the i'^.Tw/W/ had won the Market-place, and moft of the City : And tho' their Houfes were full with dead Bodies, and all the Trees and Roots gnawn by thefe hungry wretches that furvived, yet would they not accept of peace, butdelired death ,- fo that when the Spaniards thought there had not been five thcufiind in all the City, yet were there that day flain and taken Prilbners 400000 Perfons, and j^ahntamoc their King taken Prifoner, who told Cortex, he h.-^ done hisbeft endeavour to fave and defend himfelf and VaiHilsj but confidering you may now do what you pleafe with me, I be- leech you to kill me, which is my only requeft : But Cortex, CQm\on' edhini with fair words, and required him to command his Subjetfts to yield, which he did. And at that time after fo many were flain and ftarved, fo many Prifoners taken, yet there were about 700000 who tjirew down their Arms and fubniitted, Thus did Cortex, win ..^^Jk- ^ff ^■Pi Of Mew S PA IN. fide: Of 1 Famine terj were \ 400000 g a Sluce X out of ^s to rebel >ocly Bat- ■ ; where- i'elf^ and 'as hit on lad to tiie o was of er was in e City of ftrange heir £m- z, his Pa- But the Tlaxc alien ^ '^ater and ind Sick- ield, no iteft part t"j Tower et-place^ ith dead wretches d death,' thoufi^nd s 400000 Id Cortez \ Vafliils- le, I be- comfort- Subjetfts Oain and 700000 i Cortez. win S79 win the famous City of Mexico on the thirteenth day of Augufi^ An, Dom. 1)21. Chulula, enclofed about twenty thoufand Houfes, with as many Temples as there are days in the year. And the Inhabitants lacri- ^ ficed every year above fix thoi^fand of their Children to their acr ' curfed Idols. Tezcuco, was faid to ke as big as Mexico, which was faid to contain fixty or eighty thoufand Houfes, and is famous a- mong the Spaniards, for that it was the firft that received a Chriftian King, Hornando fon to Nex^avalftncintUy Cortex, being his God-Fa- ther, ^taretaro had a Fountain out of which the Watt.*r floweth foj four years together, and the next four years feemed to be empty. Los Angdos, upon the Road from La Vera Cr«.^,firft built and inhabited in the year 1 5" 30, by Do» Antonio de Mendoza, YicQ-Koy of Mexico, fa- mous for the Cloath that is there made, as good as any in Segovia, which is the belt in Spain : And a Glafs Houfe, which is the rarity in all thofe parts. It is a City containing fix thoufand Inhabitants, to which three belongs a Bilhoprick, endowed with fixty thoufand Crowns a year. Guacocinga is the chief Town between the City of Mexico, and Los Angelas conl^fting of above five thoufand Indians and one thou- fand Spaniards, and is priviledged by the Kings of Spain, for that it joyned with the Tlaxcellcns againft the Mexicans, Acapulco, upon the South Sea, is a well fiieltered Bay, difi:ant from Mexico one hundred Leagues j fi*om hence the Spaniard drives a rich Trade to the Philippine Ifles, and to China, from whence they are diflant three thoufand Leagues. Jucatan is a Peninfula, between two Gulphs, where flands the Antient Mcrida. In Vanuco, the CajhUians have three Colonies, of which Saint Steven delpuetro is the Metropolis, twelve Leagues from the Sea, and a Town of great Traffick ^ next is Saint Jago de ks Vallas ,* thirdly, Leives de Timpico. They have Mines of Gold in the Country ,which are not wrought ,• falt-pits, out of which they draw the greateft profit, Machoaian, the- Metropolice of the Province, fo called, now the feat of the Areh-Bi- fliop, fince removed from Valadolid, feated upon a Lake as large as that of Mexico. This Country is faid to be fo healthful and of fo fweet an Air, that fick People come thither to recover their health. Near Co/;«;<«, is four d the Plant Cozomctcath or Olcacasjan, which takes blood-lliot from the Eyes, preferves the flrength of the Body, cures the Tooth and Head ach, refifls all poifons, and is mofl excel- lent againfl all Difea|^s, '^ 1 J il £ e e e st This ipippp 580 ^ Of ^ew S P A r N. This Province is of a fertile Soil, yielding greatencreafe of all forts of Grain, Fruits, &c. It produceth Cotton^ Amber-Greece, Gold; Silver, Copper, black Stones fo Shining, that they, ferve initead ot Looking-^GlalTes, ftore of Plants, Medicinal Herbs, Silk, Hony, Wax, &c. It is well ftored with Springs and Rivers of frefli Water , Cattle and Fowl and m great plenty,^nd other Lakes, and Rivers afford, ftore of Fifli. Thafcala or Los Angelos, is a Country very plentiful, both of Corn and Cattle, full of rich Paftures, well watered with Rivers, and wonderfully ftored with Mai^e, which they make their Bread of. Places of moft note are, firftri^/c^/^, fituate on an eafie afcent be- twixt twoRivefSjencornpaffedwithalarge,pleafant and fruitful plain,, faid to befo populous before the arrival of the Spaniards jthatk could ^lumber above three hundred thoufand Inhabitants : Second, Angelos^ a fair City diftant tvom Mexico twenty two Leagues, and thirty from La-Vera Cruz,: Thirdly, La-Vera Cruz,, built by the Cortez,, a place of great concourfe fituate near theGulph,from whence there is a through- Fair to Mexico, firom whence it is diftant about fifty two Leagues. In May 83. about nine hundred or a thoufand Privateers at Night landed ana through the negligence of the Spartijh Centinels, furprifed the Town and two Forts, the one of theTwelve^the other of eight Guns, They plundered the Town for three days, where they got a great dealofPkte, Jewels, e^c. and might have alio taken the Caftle, which is feated about thi'ee quarters of a Mile int the Sea, and, hath thirty Guns mounted. Saint John de UlloayOT Ulhua, the moft noted Port of this Province, fenced with a Peer againft the fury of the Winds and Sea, defended. Naturally by Rocks and Quick-fands, and by two Bui works well for- tified on both fides of his entrance. Famous, for that it was the firft beginning of that great Conqueft of the Valiant Cortez, : Here he firft funk the Ships that brought the Spaniards from Cubuy to the intent, they might think of nothing but Conqueft , and here five hundred Spaniards ventured, againft. millions of Enemies, and began the Con- queft of the fourth part of the World. Xalapfa de la Vera Cruz, made a BIfliops See in the year 1634, ^id to be worth ten thoufand Ducates a year. La Ricsnada is a Houfe or Inn, which the Spaniards call Venla^ feated in a low Valley, the hotteft place in all the Road to Mexico, plentiful in Provifions, and the fweetnefs and coolnefs of the Water is a great refrefhment, but the fwarms, of Gnats in the Night are moft intolerable.. Segura '^TT Of Neil) S P J I tf. y8i- ll/brts GoJd^ ^ad ol Wax, Cattle aiFord Corn ) and ad of. nt be- plain,, could "Ivgelosy Y from lace of rough- es. In landed ed the eight got a :aftle, , and, "* Segura de la Frontera was built \>y CorteXj in his Wars with the Culbuacans and Tepeacaes. TIaxcallany a Common-wealth ; The Inhabitants whereof in one Battle againft Cortez, had 1 5'oooo fighting Men, afterwards joined with Cortez, and were the chief Inftruments of his unparellel'd Con- queft, being mortal Enemies to Montez^uma the Mexican Emperour, and therefore are free from Tribute by the Kings of Spain. Nixapa is a Town of eight hundred Inhabitants Spaniards and Indians, where is a ricli Cloifter of Dominican Fryers, and one of the richeft places in the Ccuntry.of Sr/rwf/jr. Tecoantepetjue is a fmall and unfortified Harbor on Mar del Zur, AquatHko and Capalita are great Towns in a plain Country. Tapanepeque is a Iweet and pleafant Town v/ell ftored with Flefb, and Hfli, and Fowl. In this Province are iaid to be two hundred Towns, cnethoufand. Villages, twenty five thoufand Indians, which are priviledged and ex- empted from all extraordinary Charge and Impofition, becaufe of their affifling Cortex, in his Conqueft of AI(xico. In the Valley of St. Faulw2LS a Country Man poffefled of forty thoufand Sheep, which were the produA of two only, which were brought him out of Spain. Cuaxaca is a I^rovince of a healthful and a fweet Air, of a fertile Soil, not only in Corn, but alfo in Fruit, Cochineil, Silk, Caffia ; the Earth well ftored with Mines of Gold, Silver, and other Metals, and moft of the Rivers ftream down Sand-Gold. Its chief places are Antequera, a Biflioprick adorned with ftately Buildings and a Magnificent Cathedral Church. Aquatuico is a noted and convenient Port to Mar del Zur, from whence is tranfportcd the Merchandife of M-^c/Vo to Peru, plundered both by Drake and Cavev- dijh in their Voyages about the World. G^£f tells us, thiM Guaxaca is a City and Bifiiops Seat, fair and beautiful, fixty Leagues from Mexico, and confifts of two thoufand In- habitants, not far from the head of the great River Alvarado , upon, which are Zapotecas and St. Idlefonfo : That from thence they went to Antequera a great Town. Tavafco or Tabafco, is a Coatt of one hundred Leagues between: Guaxacan and Jucatan, of an excellent Soil, abundant in Maiz, and Cacao. There are Vines, Fig-trees, Oranges and Citrons, great quan- tity of Cattle and Fowl, befides wild Beafts, Apes and Squirrels. The Spaniards have but one Colony here, which is called Navfira a Sig" niora de laVithria, fo called from the ViAor}^ Cortez, gained 1^9., The firft City inAmeriaa, that defended it felf jand fiiiFered the Spani- niards fword.. Hi 5^2. 0/ i^ew S ? A I B, ) • JuMtan is aPeninfula of about four hundred Leagues in compafs^ fituate between the Gulph of Mexico and. Honduras, whofe Cape di- toche is oppofite to Cape Saint Anthony in the Ifland Cuba, and di- ftant from it forty odd Leagues. In the middle of the Land are to be feen Scales and Shells of Sea Fiib ,• its chief Cities are A/^nW/^^diftant from the Sea on either fide twelve Leagues,, the Seat of the Biibop ^nd Governor , adorned with great and antient Edifices of Stone, with many Figures of Men cut in the Stones^ refembling thofe at Meridia in Sfain. 2. Valladolidj beautified with a fair Monaftery of Francifcans. 5. Campeach, fituate on the Shore of the Gulph/ a fiir City of about three thoufand Houfesj which m Anno i<<)6. was furprifed and pillaged by the Englijh, under the commana of Captain Farker, who carried away the Governor^ and the Jlichcs of the City. The Audience of Guadalajara, or Kingdom of New Gallcia, makes I the moft Occident part of New Spain, and contains the Provinces of Guadalajara, Xalifco, Los Zacatocas, Chiafnettlan. Culiacan, and Nav Bifcany. The Air of Guad^ilajara is temperate and ferenCj except in Summer, which is moft troubled with Rain. The Land rather mountainous than plain, very fruitful, well fiunifhed with Mines of Silver, Copper, Lead and Margafites ,• the Paftures are rich, fcediag abundance of Cattle, they have Cittrons, Oranges, Figs, Apples, Pears, Peaches, Olive-treesj whofe Fruit is often deftroyed by Ants, as their Corn, Maize and Pulfe is by the Pies, which, though no bigger than Spar- rows, are fo numerous that they deftroy whole Crops. Its Cities are G/W^/^y^r^, the Refidence of the Kings Treafure, dignified with the Courts of Judicature, the See of a Biihop, beautifi- ed with a fiir Cathedral Church, watered with many Fountains, and little Torrents not far from the River Beranja. In the Province of Xalifco, the chief City is Cotnpofiella, built by ^Mzwan, i>>i. fituate in a Barren Country, and bad Air. In the Province of Chiarnettlan is Saint Sehajlian, nigh to which are many rich Silver Mines. ^ . The Provirice of Culiaccn hath Saint Michael, and that of Chinaloa Saint ?fohv, where arc rich Mines of Silver. In Los Zk.itccas, are fevcral famous Lodges near the Mines, and feme CiticSj as Zacatecas, Durango, &c. In new Bifcany there are no Cities, biiconly Mines of Silver, as Saint John, Barbara and Endes. The Audience of Guatemala, is divided into thefe Provinces, Guate* fnala , Soconufco, Chiapa y Vera-paz,, Honduras , Nicaragua^ Cojlarica, and Vcragua, GiWtimalii ' ^ ^Of New S P A I 1^. ;' 583 Guatmda ^ a Country hot, but rich , fubjeA to Earthquakes, and hath excellent Balms , Amber j Bezoar _, and Salt, and Indigo. Full of rich Paftures, ftocked with Cattle, plenty of Gotten Wool, excellent Sulphur, ftore of Medicinal Drugs, and abundance or Fruit, efpecially C^t:o^,in vail: plenty, that it lades many Veflels which ferves both for Meat and Drink. Chief Cities are Saint J ago de Gamimahj Situate on a little River betwixt two VtilcamS) one oi: Water, the other of Fire ,• that of Water is higher than the other_, and yields a pleafant Profpedl, being almoft all the year green, and full of Indian Wheat, and the Gardens adorned with Roles, Lillies, and other Flowers all the year, and with many forts of fweet and delicate Fruit. The other ' Vulcan of Fire is more unpleafant, and more dreadful to behold ^ here are Allies for beauty. Stones and Flints for Fruits and Flowers^ for Water Whifpering and Fountain-Murmurs, noife of Thunder, and roaring of confuming Metals ; for fweet and odoriferous Smells , a ftink of Fire and. Brimftone. Thus is Gautlmala feated between a Paradife and Hell j other chief Towns are Mexico, Vinola, Tetaj>a, and Jmar- t'ltlan. The Refidence of the Governor, the Seat of the BiJbop, and Court of Audience. In i5'4i. it was almoft overwhelmed by a Deluge of boiling Water, which defcended from that Vulcano, which is near it, out of which it caft Fire in abundance. Soconufio hath only the little City Gue'vetland, on the Coafi nothing of particular or worth to be noted in it. Cbiapa is not very fruitful in Corn, or Fruits, but well flocked with lofty Trees, {bme, yielding Rofin, other precious Gums, and others ^ Leaves, that, when dried to Powder, make a Soveraign Plaifter for lores. 'Tis full of Snakes and other venemous Creatures. Chiapa exceedeth moft Provinces ol America in fair Towns, 'tis divided into three parts, 'I'ix:., ZeUales, and Zeques. Chief places are C/j/^^^ iJe^/ and C/;c^pe de Indies , twelve Leagues from tbe firft upon the River Greja'vaha, St. Bartbolomev's. at the foot of the CuchumatlanesM.oimt;x'ms, Capandlfajlla noted ior its Cotton Wool. Near Chiapa are feveral Fountains which are ftrangc ,• near Jcax- tttla is a Well, whofe Water is^ obferved to rife and fall according to the flowing" and Ebbing of the Sea, though far from it , near St. Barthohmcws is a Pit, into which, it one cait a Stone, though ne- ver fo fmall, it makes a noife as great and teuible as a Clap of Thunder ,\- imm mm 5^4 Of New S P A r K Thunder,- .mother Fountain, that for three years together increa- feth_, though there be no Rain, and for three years after diminifheth, though there be never fo much ; another that falls in rainy wea- ther, and rifes in dry ,• another that kills Birds and Beafts that drink it, 'yet cures the Sick. The entrance into Golfe Dttlce is ftreightned with two Rocks or Mountains on each fide, but within a fine Road and Harbor, wide and capacious tofecure a thoufand Ships. Honduras, ovComayagua, is a Country of pleafant Hills and fruit- full Vallies, hath Fruits, Grains, rich Paftures, brave Rivers, and Mines of Gold and Silver, but its greateft profits is Wool. Its chief places are Vattadolid, equally diftant between the two Seas, fituate in a pleafant fruitful Valley, z. -Gratias a Dios, near the rich Mines of Gold. ; . Saint Jitan del Forto de los Cavallosy once a famous Tort, 4. Truxillo^ both pilUiged by the Englifij. Nicaragua called Mabomets Paradife, by reafon of its ff.rtility and ftore of Gold, a Country deltitute of Rivers, the want whereof is fupplied by a great Lake, which Ebbs and Flows like the Sea ,• upon its Banks are feated many pleafant Cities and Villages, the chief is Leon near unto a Vulcam of Fire, where a Fryer, feeking for Trea- iure, met with the end of his^delign, and of his Life, the Refidence of the Governor, and Seat of a BiJhop. Granada beautified with a fair Church and Caftlc. Jaen,Scgcviaj and Realeio ; near Mar del Zur. The City Granada is on& of the moft richeit places in the India's. The palfage of the Lake Grw^^/^, or Nicaragua, called £/ De/^- guadera is very dangerous. Cofiarica, and Veragtta, are the two moft Eaftern Provinces of the Audience of Gitatimala, in the firil, are the Cities of Carrago, feated between the two Seas, in the other. La Conception, La Trinadad, and Sancfa B, being the place where the Spaniards melt, refine, and c.ift their Gold into Bars and Ingots. Wcff ,1,.^ Of tfem M S X I C 0. y8? WEft of Florida y .md North o£New Spain,thtve are numerous In- habit.-intSj and various Provinces and Countries little. known by the Europeans, which I call in general iV(?7/> Mexico • others compre- hend them under the name ofNev-> Gravada, however there have been obfcrved divers people very different in their Languages, Manners and Cuftoms, fome having fixed and fettled Habitations, others wandring after their Flocks, fome dwelling in Cities or Towns^others in Herds or Troops like the Tartars.This, Country was firft made known to the Spaniards by the Travels of Fryer M?rco 1 577, and by him fo named in Honour of hiS own Country, onc©> *' qalled Albion, who caufed a Pillar to be eredled in the Place, on which he faftened the Arms o( England. ! Oppofite to Cape BLneo, and the utmoft North parts of America :^' lies the fuppofed Kingdom ofAnian, from Whence ^he ;Streights of t Anian, which are by fome thought t^ part v^/?#.apd4«*^^i<^j do de- ; rive their name. - . ' ' • ^.^..*'^a. ^^J^^-i- i^. ' t-- \ The Riches of^iiiiria confift in theii" Oxen, whofe Flefh is the orcn^pary Food of the Inhabitants, their Skins ferve them for cloath- ing, tfieir Hair, for Thred, of their Nerves and Sinews they make Cords and.Bow-ftrings,- of their Bones, they make Nails and Bod- kins ; of their Horns Trumpets j of their Bladders Veffels to keep Water in, and their Dung when dried ferve for Fire. In Cibola, Granada, Acoma, and fome other Places the Natives live in Foretrefles upon the Mountains withPalifadoes and Moats, calling their Villages by the names of their Cacicks, which laft no longer than their Lives, therefore to us uncertain. The River oiNort, which in all other Maps is made to fall into . Mar delVermejo, or Mar del Calif ornia^ falls with three. Mouths into theiWwif'■ ' • . . - I . ^ Fhrtditf S-9Z^ Florida was firft difcoverea by the Englljh, under the Condua of Sebapan Cabot, 1479. Atterwards, larther fearched into by John Depoma. Spaniard, who took poffeflion of it in the name of that King IC27, by him called Florida: Its Coaft is on the Gulph of MexiL which flows on its South ; it extends it felf now from the River PalmOS, which bounds it on the Province of Panuco mNew Spain, unto Bay Saint Matheo, or Mar del Nors between this Gulph ^^Holida ftretches out a Feninfula towards the South.where the Cape of Florida is not diftant from the IHand Cuba, above thirty fiv^ or forty Leagues. Others only give the name oi Florida to the Penmjula F ff i i. ^* > I ¥ mm» mmm mm ■^^ 588 Of r 1 nr ofTegefli, which advances to the South, and contributes to form the Great Gulph of Mx/Vtf^ and the Chanel of Bahama. The Air ofFlo^ rida and Carolina is fo temperate, that Men live to the Age of two hundred and fifty years, while the Children of five Generations are all alive at the fame time. The Soil is very fertile, iiill of Eruit* Trees, and the Towns the beft peopled in all Amerka, The Prin- cipal River is that of the Holy Ghofi, which falls into the Gulph of Mexico. The Cloaft is very inconvenient for great Veffels, by realbn of the fhallowkefs of the Water. The Inland Country is poffeffed by t\\Q, Savages, under the JurifdiAion ofTaroufilsy who are their Lords. They are of an Olive Colour, 'great Statue, well propor- tioned, their Hair black and long, their Women ofgood fhape and handfome, they adore the Sun, and the Moon, and though they make War one with another, neverthelefe the £wo£ww cannot m^er them. :,.;•■ . . .'--..... — ^ •_ -^ - ' They have publick places, where they meet for the diftributibn of Corn, which they give to every Family that ftand in ncied of it. The Spaniards have poffeffed the Coafi of Saint Aufims^ and Saint Mathews y two inconfiderable Colonies, though there be a Caftle be- longing to each of them. Saint Aufiin is of moft Confequence, by seafon of the Babawa, through which the Spanljh Fleets ufuallypafs, ^hen they return irom Havana into Europe. The Situation of^this Country may be feen in the Map ; containing all thofe takes and Rivers of Canada, as they have of late years been difcovered by the. B-ench and Englijh, I had" long waited for a new Defcription of the Country, and'of thofe vaft Inland Seas and Rivers, foadvantageoufly fituated for Trade and Commerce thatit muft needs be one of the fineft Plantations in the World. But at prefent, the Proprietors, and thofe that are concerned^ are not willing to publiili any thing of it, and therefore I muft be filent,. Since the writing of this one Father. Henepln hath publiflied.a large. Defcription ol^this part of the World. A •^•.mi^fi^mamm '■ M 7> ' ' i:li f.*.' * r \ ^"s . .... AJi < ■•- -^ . Jti, •' farolm m^-'-i" '^^"■'"wiw C Arolina aboutthe yeari66o. was by his Majefty, the king ofGfeap, ,^^ Britain.Scc, united to his Imperial Crown^ and he by his Roy- al Grant eftabliflied ita Province or Proprietorfhip dignified it a Princi- pality, and granted it by Patent to the Lord Chancellor Clarendon, to the Lord Duke oi Albemarle ^co the Earl oiCrawnJiO the LordAjhleyCoop* cr Earl of Shaft sbury, to jFo^Lord BarkUy, to Sir William Barkley, and to . Sir John CoUiton Knt. and Baronet^andto their Heirs and SuccefforSjC^^r. It contains that part of the. Continent of America^ which by the French was called Florida from her florid and fragrant Fields^ verdant'. MeadowSjdelightful-S^jvtfwtf'jjguarded with (lately Woods. It extends, it felf from the River St. Mathto to Caratne, aa Inlet near Vir^mia^ ;.^.»T.-.-,-i;i- I ■ « I-- 'V- h-*- y^o i^ Vefcrlfflm rf Carolina; In this Urge Trad of Land are many Navigable Rivers, the chief whereof are !/f//'tfw<«r/ff River, Naratoke River, Pentego River, Neufe or Nus Kivcr /clarendon River, U^ater K{yev,Craven or Satttee Kiver ^y^Jhley KivcryCooper River,5/tfwo River,£////?oRiver,Cc//fft» RivcryCamhahe^nd fytfiroKivQr,May and il4iji^/6eo River, many lafe, commodious and fpa- cious Harbors, and for lelTer Rivers and Brooks, it hath innumerable. It contains two principal fettlements, the one called Albemarle, otherwife Roanoke fituated in about thirty five Degrees of Northern Latitude, from whence as good Beef and Pork have been ftored, and fentto other Plantations as Art andlnduftry can Improve, 'tis a large and fpacious fettlement, confifting at preient of fome two or three hundred upon a fertile Soil. But the late and flourifliing Plantation or Settlement lies more Southerly .upon the Navigable Rivers ofAjh- lej and Coopcr,known to the Natives oy the Names of ff^ando and Kiaivah, Carolina is of a fertile and fruitful Soil, where the Natives are ftrong, lively, and well fhapfen People, well humor'd^ and generally kind to the Englijlj. They live a long and pleafant life, taking little care for the future. Their old Women plant their Mays: And for the refl, the Hiver affords them good Fifh enough. And in the Wood, they have plenty of Provifions. Its chief place is Charles Town. JNeither is the heat fo fultry nor ofFenfive as in places of the fame Latitude of the old World ,• nor is the Winter fo pinching : Yet enough to correft the humors of Mens Bodies, to ftrengthen and pre- ferve them in health,* and enough alfo to put fuch a ftop to the Rife and Sap and the budding of Plants,as to make them Bucf and BlolTom in their diffind Scafons, and keep even pace till they be gathered. Which makes it alfo proper for Wine and Oyl ,• of both which they may in time have good quantities. Liberty of Confcience is there allowedalfQ ; but Atheifm, Irreli- gion and vitious Lives are condemned. Iht Englijh Proprietors have a Regifter of all Grants and Conveyances ot Land to prevent Suits and Controverfies. And in fum, their frame r-i Government is generally fo well put together, that judicious Men that have feen it, fay, it's the bell for the People that live under it of any they have read. To conclude, here the Savavas are crowded with Deer,large and ftately Herds of Cattle parol the Meadows. Here the pleafant Pafi:urcs abound with Sheep ana Oxen,the Fields are replenifhed with Englifi and hdian Corn. The Gardens, as in Afia and Europe, are imbeliined with the choicefl Fruits and Flowers ; Here the Heavens fhine with a Sovei'aign Ray of Health,a ferene Air anda lofty Sky defends it from tlie noxious Infections, and common Dif!erripers that are incident to other parts of the World. In a word,'tisafalubriousAir to the Sick, a generous retirement and flielter to tlie injured and oppreired. 'Tis a Fund and Treafury to them that would oe Rich. ' No 4 X^c/fri/f/M^/VirgioiaW Mary-Land. ^91 NO fooner had Colonus, alias Columhus, made his prime difcovery of the Weftern World^when feconded by John Caht SLFenetian, the Father ofSehfiian Cabot ^ in behalf^ by the incouragement, and At- the Charges oi Henry the feventb. King o( England^ who in the year i497,difcovered all this Coaft from the Cape oiFlorJam the South, beyond New-found4&nd ; in the North as far to the Latitude of 67 and half : Caufing the Sach'ms Petit-Kings to turn Homagers to the King and Crown of England, This difcovery by the two Cahots^ Father and Son, did iirft intitle the. '■*■ !■ the Crown o£ England, to the right of that vaft Trad oi Land. '^ This defign was after feconded by Mr. Bare, bringing thence cer- tain of the faid Petit-Kings, who did homage to King Tlenr^ the Eight. Kedifcovered .by the DireAion, and at the charge of Sir JValter Rawleigb Anno 1584 ,• who fending Mr. PA;7/p Amadas, An^'M.Y. Arthur Barlovf, did take pofleflion thereof in Queen Elizabeth's name ,• in ho- nor of whom^hecaufed all the faid TraAof Land to be called Virginia. Some fay, it was fo called by the Queen her felf^ by the Natives called Afalcben, but Virginia is now circumfcribed by that {pace of Land that lies between Mary^Land, which bounds it on- the North, and Carolina on the South. New-England, New-Tori, New-Jerfey^ Mary-Land, Carolina and Penfihania , have fmce been feperated from it by particular Patents, and made diftind Provinces ofthemfelves. The entrance by Sea into this Country, is by the Mouth of the Bay of Chefa^eac, between Cafe Henry and tape Charles, i. The chiet Rivers of Virginia are, i. Powhatan, now called James River, on the Weft fide ot the n^outh of the Bay ofChefapeac'- this River is ai its entrance about three Miles wide, and Navigable about one hundred and fifty Miles. 2. Pamamkee, termed Tork River, fourteen Miles Northward from James River , Navigable now fixty or fevent}' Miles , but with fmall VelT^ls about thlity- ipr forty Miles farther. 5 . Rappahanoc, anciently known by the name of Top- pahaitoc. Navigable about one hundred and thirty Miles, Befidcs thefe Navigable ri.id more principal Rivers, there are other fmaller Rivers, and of lefs note, which fall into fome, or other of the forementioned: Into Pawhattan falls Apumatuc Southward ,• Eaftward ^yanycahanuc, Nunfamu/id and Chefopeac ^ Northward Chickfii*nahania. Into Pama- tmkee faWPoyankatank. ^- ' "'_„ That part of the Country now planted by the Engliflj, is divided in- to Nineteen Counties, viz. On the Eaftern Shore, the Country of Northampton in Acomack', on the Weftern Shore the Countries of Car a- tuck, Lower-Norfolk, Nanfemund, Jjle of Wight, Surry, Warwick, Hen- rico, Jamts, Charles, Turk, New Kent, Glocefier, Middle fex, Lavcafier, Northun$herland , Wefimoreland, Rappahanock , and Hartford. Of the few Towns hitherto erede0ftfiphn ef Mafy-Laftt!:- ^^^ Officeis, of whom being deputed by the Governour to fit there^ thefe Country-Courts chiefly confift'^. ThQ CWmntQr of f^rginia is generally healthful, and fince the reAi- fication of Diet and Lodging, not difagreeable to Englijh Bodies ; however at the firft Plantation they werembjeA toa Diftemper called a Seafoning., though of late not frequent, and much lefs mortal. ' . ,r ;• J ,.U !!. lUi A Defcription of Mary-Land. ' •; 1-, MAryLand is a large and fertile Province lying between thirty eight Degrees, and forty Degrees of North Latitudeupon botl fides ofCbeafa^eak Bay, which is Navigable near two hundred Miles. The Southerly Banks of the River Tatow-meck divide it from Virginia on the South. The Atlantick Ocean and Delaware Bay bounds it on the "Ea^yPenfthanla on the North, and the Meridian oi the firft Foun- tain of the River Tatow-meck on the Weft. This Province of iWrfr;'-W/, his Ma jefty King Charles theFifft, Antto 11622, granted by Patent to the Right Honourable Cacilius Calr 'vert. Lord Baltemore, and to his Heirs and Affigns, and by that Pa- tent 'crbated him, and them the true and abfolute Lords, and Pro- j)rletors'of the fame (faying the Allegiance and Sovereign Dominion due to his Majefty, his Heirs and Succeffors,*) likewife granting there- by to them all Royal Jurifdidions and Prerogatives, both Military and Civile as Power of enadinf; Laws, making of War and Peace, pardoning Offences, conferring of Honours, Coyning of Money, &i. and in acknowledgment thereof yeilding and paying yearly to his Majefty, his Heirs and Succeffors two Indian Arrows at ^''^mdfcr Caftle, on Eafitr Tuefday, together with the fifth part of all tlie Gold and Silver Ore that IKall be there found. The Rivers of Mary-Land are Patcwmeckj Patuxent, Ann Arundel, alias 5«w,;j, Safiimfahamugh, Choftankc^ Nantecoke, Tocomoke, with feveral other leffer Rivers and Rivulets, to the great Improveme of the Country, and Beauty of the Province, which is now vt.) healthful .and agreeable to the Conftitutions of the Erglijh. And fuch is the temperature of the Air. that the Heats in Summer are fo allayed by gentle Breeze?, andfrelh Showers of Rain, and the Cold in Winter is fo fnull and fhort, that tl^c Inhabitants are not incom- ihodedbyckher," \ ^" '.'. ■ ' ' ' Tl fmall Valies moditl part ThI dencc ter,th| cafioi of th^ callec and or his| thelc the re 'n5,p,o lid Lord! in Rf' aiTent Ne held of Ju whic Gov( I The Country is generally plain ^id €yefl, yet not: Avithout its": (mall and pleafant Hills, which heighten the Bejiutjj of the adjacent Valies. The Soil rich and fertiiej naturally producing all fuch Gom- modities as are found in New Eji^lattd-qr Fir^ini0y or. in any other part of this Continent.^ :. x,^; . . I >; m-rj • .. . • ; ■ ' ; «. • :•- The Government of Mary Land is by his Lordfhips Care and pru- dence brought to a good Ord^ and-Settlement, and framed much af- ter^ the Model of the Go * crnment in England. Upon Emergent Oc- cafionsj his i^ordftiips Governour, there advifeth with the two Eftates of the Province, which confift of an upper and lower Houfe, and is called a General Affembly^ the upper Houfe confifts of the Governor and Council, and fuch Lords of Mannors, and others, as his Lordftiip or his Lieutenant ftiall by Writ from time to time call thither ,• and the lower Houfe confifts of Delegates, chofen by the Inhabitants in the refpedive Counties in the faid province,* which AfTembly his Lord- '^jip,or his Lieutenant, Convenes, Prorogues, or Diffolves at pleafurci lid whatfoever is Decreed or Enaded by this Affembly, with hir Lordfhips affent, is of the fam,e Force there as an A. i(;j.'.ls from them to the Provincial Court. Of tu" :;n Counties, five lie on Weft fide of the Bay of Chea^ fapeack, (viz) St. Maries , Charles , Calveat , Ann Arundel, and Balti- more Counties ,• the other five on the Eaftern S\iovQ,(viz,) Somerfet, Dorceficr, Talhot, Cecil, and Kent, Countie: ; in ibine of which there are leveral Towns built, as Cahaton, Harrington, and Harvj- Town I on the Eaft fide of St. Georges River, is St. Maries CA- v: , the Original and chief Town of this Province, where the Ge- *tr?ivl Affemblies meet , and the Provincial Courts are kept, and al- io •• fecreteries Office, it being ereded into the Priviledge of a City, by the name of St. Maries, which gives denomination to that G g g g a ,. County. #*- ^mimif ■rrr'vg^^r X County. The Ground plat of a Fort and Prifon was long fince laid, here, upon a Pokit of land tQtta&^WindmiU-Voint ^ (from a Windmill which tormerly ftood there ) being a ^'^^y proper fituation for the commanding of St. Georges River; this Fort will make a fecure Har- bor for Ships to ride in trom all. danger of Hoftile and Piratical In- vafions. Befides the Houfe which belongs to the Gorernour there, by tht name of St. Johns in this' City, the prefent Governor, Mr. Charles Calvert y his LorplhipsSon and Heir, hath of late years built him n very fair Houfe partly of Brick , partly of Timber , where he and his Family ufually refide, about eight Miles from St. Maries at Mat^ ta^any^ Thp Natives of this Country are generally well proportioned^ and able-bodied Men, deligh: y ^' 'xfly in Hunting, being generally ex- cellent Marks-Men, while » 7omen not only manage theirOome- ftick Affairs, but alio Tillagv, Plantation, and all manner of im- provement of their Land. To conclude,' the Impeopling and Trad6 of this province, by the vaft Expence, Care andlnduftry of the Lord Proprietary, hath been improved to that heicth, that in the year 1670, there were reckoned near twenty thouland EngUjh planted there. And that which keeps them together in the greateft Peace, Order,, a,«id Concord imagiiuble, is the Liberty of Confcience, which his Lordfliip in prudence allows to^U Perfons that profefs Chriftianity. though of mfferent perfwafions, fo that, every Man lives quietly and fccurely with his Neighbour, neither molefting, nor being molefted' for difference of Judgment in Religion,* which Liberty is eftablifhed there by an Aft of AiTembly, with his Lordfhips confent to continue ibceveiv R^ -«=«■ ■(•' Fois ', 'J A Vefcrtfthn of Pcnfilvania W New Jarfey. 59 f V 1",' — ■"' ' X' «c==» Miiri=>MIM , ' n rPar-t fff Jt K s^ w ■ • \ Wt Srm Xake ^T V, \ V'- ■^ i\ 1 /fSpjnJjk*£ tfj^wf^ \ ^vnr J A B. 5 X Y ' > v^ / N (Iff U £4JFkirSZX>VAKXAL rs^ JI iS V JrTuHaek ASH. n ■ ' I S' -^ i /^'-■:-> \// \x»\ %-:r^ 2^« 2X< AiOri Cra0wtek ^ w iAjr Slitabetk ^&:5*»^* PhaaJelebta City^ idijnctati'y X fWA?/ r:^ ^^ .ci "'^ V^iv edhtaj, ^4 ! /?•«« 2^ ijAit^CYi fSatm 'B'*.t TjM.oy%,e ybourffk J ,^ Jt S y \% ^Vi^, ^'. >^ ^rt /ir/nji^ <>*w»n C<^f '<.\J^^ 5^ ■a*** «£& "^^1:^ w ■j^v ^ -^-f. u« t £? '>" JB«i;» w^*re 1 C- 3£ntt£ei% 2»r /» thatr 11. Th^ V I > ' t. II. The Air is fvveet and clear, the Heavens ferene^like the South- parts of France, rarely overcaft ,• and as the Woods come by nuni- bers of People to be more cleared, that it felf will Refine, III. The Waters are generally good, for the Rivers and Brooks havc'moftly Gravel and Stony Bottoms, and in Number hardly cre- dible. We have alfo Mineral Waters, that operate in the jfame man- ner with Barnet and North-Hall, not two Miles from Thiladelphia^ '' IV. For the Seafons of the Year. Firft, of the Fall, I found it from the i^th of OBober, to the beginning of December, as we have it ulli- ally in England in Seffember, or rather like an Englijh mild Spring. From December to the beginning of the Month called March, we had fharp frofty Weather,* not foul, thick, black Weather, as our North- Eaft Winds bring with them in England^ but a Skie as clear as in Summer, and the Air dry, cold, piercing and hungry. The reafon of this Cold is given from the great Lakes that are fed by the Foun- tains of Canada. The Winter before was as mild, fcarce any Ice at all ,• while this for a few Days Froze up our great River Delaware. From that Mpnth to the Month called June,wQ enjoyed afweet Spring, no Gufts, but Gentle Showers, and a fine Skie. From thence to this prefent Month, which ended Summer, (commonly fpeaking) we have had extraordinaity Heats, yet mitigated fometimes by cool Breezes. And whatever Mifts, Fogs or Vapors foul the Heavens by Eafterly or Southerly Winds, in two hours time are blown away by the North- Weft ,• the one is always followed by the ather*,- A Remedy that feems to have peculiar Providence in it to the Inhabitants. V. The natural produce of the Country ,of Vegetables, are Trees, Fruits, Plants, Flowers. The Trees of moft note are, the Black- Walnut, Cedar, Cyprus, Chefnut, Poplar, Gumwood, Hickery, Saffafrax, Afh, Beech and Oak of divers forts, as Red, White and Black ,• Spanijh Chefnut .md Swamp, the moft durable, of ail which there is plenty for the ufe of Man, The Fruits that I find in the Woods are the White and Black Mul- i>erry, Chefnut, Walnut, Plums, Strawberries, Cranberries, Hurtleber^ lies and Grapes of divers forts.The great led Grape is in it felf an extra- ordinary Grape,and by Art doubtlefs may be cultivated to an excellent Wine, if not fo fwect, yet little inferiour to thQFront27jiack,2LS it is not much unlike in taft . There is a white kind ot Muskadcl,and a little Black dape, like the Clufter-Grape of England, not yet fo ripe as the other,- hue xhey tell nie, \y hen ripe, fvveeter, and that tbeyonly wantjskilful F,ifferons to make good ufe of them. Here are alio Peaches,. and ve- ry, t^ood, and in great qu.mtitics, not an Indian pUntation without; thenij but whether naturally here atjfiiftj^ Ilinow not, however,one . ' may" m may liave them by Bufliels for little, they make apleafant Drinkj and I think not inferior to any Peach you have inEnglandj except the true J^Jewington. VI. The Artificial produce of this Country, is Wheat, Barley, Oats, Rye, Peafe, Beans, Squafhes, Pumpkins, Water-Melons, Musk- Melons, and all Herbs and Roots that our Gardens in EngUnd ufually bring forth. .\ ^ , VTI. Oi living Creatures^ FiM Fowl, and the Beafts of the Woods here are divers forts, fome for Foocl and Profit, and fome for Profit only. VIII. We have no want of Horfes, and fome are very good and Hiapely enough^ two Ships have been freighted to ^(jr^^^oej ivith Horfes and Pipe-ftaves, fince my coming in. Here is alfo plenty of Cow-Cattle, and fome Sheep ^ the People plow moitly with Oxen. 'IX., There are divers Plants, that only not the Indians tell us, but we have had occafion to prove by Swellings, Burnings, Cuts, &c. that they are of great Virtue, fuddenly curing the Patient: And for fmdll, I have obferved feveral, efpecially one, the wild Mirtle j, the other I know not what to call, but are nioft fragrant. ' ' , . ' X. The woods are adorned with lovely Flowers, for Colour,. Greatnefs, Figure and Variety: I have feen the Gardens of %ondon beft ftored with that fort of Beauty, but think they maybe improved by our Wbods. XI. The firft PlanteJ^in thefe Parts were the 'Dutch , and foon af- ter them the Swceds^w^ Finns. The Dutch applied themfelves to Traffick, the Siveeds and Finns to Husbandry. XII. ThQ Dutch inhabit moftly thofe parts of the Province that lie upon or near to the Bay, and the S-weeds the Freibes of the Riv^r DclaTvar'e. As they are People proper and ftrong of Body, fo they have fine Children, and almoft every Houfe full ,• rare to find one of them without three or four Boys, and as many Girls; fome fix fQYQti and eight Sons: And I muft do them that right, I fee few young Men more fober and laborious. XIII. The Dutch have a Meeting place for Religious WorfKip at New C a file I and the Sweeds three, one at Chrifiiajta, one at Tenecum, and one at Wicoco, within half a Mile of this Town. XIV. The Country lyeth bounded on the Eaft, by the River and Bay of Delaware, and Eafterii Sea ,• it hath the advantage of many Creeks or Rivers rather, that run into the main River or Bay ^ fome Navigable for great Ships, fome for fmall Craft,- Thofe of moft E- -minency are Chrifiianay Brandyvjine, Skillpot, and Skulkhill; any one of which have room to lay up the Royal Navy of England, there being from four to eight Fathom Water, Mi ■am nil 1 1 viw^ifmm* •600 ADefcriftm of?tr\CiWanhand'Sew-''izrCcyl XV. The leffer Creeks or Rivers, yet convenient for Sloops an^ Ketches of good burthen, are Le-wis, Mefphilion, Ceelar, Dover, Cran- brook, Feverjliamy and Georges hclo^v, and Chichefier, Chefier, Toacawny, Vemntafecka, Vorf^uejjin, Nejliimenek and Teiiberry in the FreftieSj ma- ny lefler that admit Boats and Shallops. Our People are moft lettled upon the upper Rivers, which are pleafant and fweet, and generally bounded with good Land. . The planted part of the Province and Territories is caft into fix Counties, /Philadelphia, BucktTtgham, Cheficr, 'Ne-w Cafile, Kent, and Stfjjfex, containing about four thoiifond Soulis. Two General Affemblies have been held, and with fiich Concord and Difpatch, that they fate but three Weeks, and at leaft feventy Laws were paft without one Diflent in any material thing. And for the well Government of thefaid Counties, Courtsof Jufticeareeftabliflit in every County, with proper Officers, as Juftices, Sheriffi, Clarks, Cpnftables, &c. which Courts are held every two Months: But to prevent Law Suits, there are three Peace-makers chofen by each County-Court, in the nature of Common Arbitrators, to hear dif- ferences between man and man,- and Spring and Fall there is an Or- phans Court in each County, to infped and regulate the Affairs of Orphans and widows. ; XVL Philadelphia, thQ expeftation of thofe that are concerned in this Province, is at laft laid out to the great content of thofe here that are any ways interefted therein : Th« Situation is a Neck of Xand, and lyeth between two Navigable Rivers,' Delaware and 'Skulkill whereby it hath two Fronts upon the Water, each a Mile, and two from River to River. Delaware is a glorious River, but ihe Skulkill being an hundred Miles Boatable above the Falls, and its courfe North-Eaft toward the Fountain of Sujquahannah (that tends to the heart of the Province, and, both fides our own) it is like to be a great part of the fettlement of this Age. But this I will fay for the good Providence of God, tliat of all the many Places I havefeen in the World, I remember not one better feated ,• fo that it feems to me to have been appointed for a Town, whether we regard the Ri- vers^ or the conveniency of the Caves ,• Docks, Springs, the lofti- nefsandfoundneis ofthcLand andthe Air, helcl by the People of rhefc Parts to be very good. 0/ ^r^sr^^mm Crafu cawffy^ 3 ma- iettled erally eand hefier^ Sours, rdand Laws or the abli/ht ^larksj But to each ar dif- mOr- airs of OfiVefi New Jirf^y. V *ry. t V •r.-^-i; O/fTe/? New Jarfey. *• THIS Province of IVefiJarfey^ with that called £tf/ J^ir/;^, a- rhong other Trads of Lands and Territories, was granted by the late King to the' prclbnt King James the Second, (wlien Duke ot" Tork) and to his Heirs and Affigns for ever; who granted the whole- Premifes entire untoj^o/w Lord BeMy^xn^ Sir Gecrge Carteret to be hol- den in common. And the Lord Berkley being minded to difpcfe of Jii^ Moiety or half part, Edward Bylpie bought the Taiiie of him. Where* upop that each Party miglit hold their Country in^feveralty, it was mutually agreed by Sir George Carteret and the laid Edward Byllynge^ that a partition jhould be made thereof: the which was accordingly done by Deed interchangeable enroU'd; which partition begins o« the Weft fide of a certain place upon the South Sea, call'd by the Name of Little Eag //. . i ib Inhabitants, within the Limits of the faid Province, to yeild all due Regard and Obedience unto him^ the iaid Edward Billyngc as their Governor, and to his Heirs, Deputies, Agents, &c. This Province from the Mouth of Delaware Bay, along by the Sea fide, to the Line of the Partition, appears in the Map to be about fixty Miles in breadth: And from the Mouth of the faid Bay, to the Head or moft Northerly Branch of the River of Delaware, likeyvife appears to be about two hundred and fifty Miles in length. v . i . ''ii s . ' i - This Province is divided into one hundred Shares or Proprieties, as may be feeo by the Regiftred Deeds of every perfon or perfons, who have already purchaled a whole or part of a Propriety jointly with others, which Regifter is kept by Htrbert Sfringet in George-yard in Lumhard'firetty London 'y unto whom any perfons, who are minded to buy one or more Proprieties, may* repair: The faid Edward Byl- lynge having above twenty of thofe hundred yet to fell. As to the Governme'nt, out of each Propriety, a Free-holder is to be Annually chofen by the Inhabitants thereof, and to Meet and Sit as a Goaeral Affembly upon a certain day every year, which with the Governour, or his Lawful Deputies are the Legiflative Power of the Province, to make and alter Laws in all times coming: Butnot contrary, of inan^ wife repugnant to Liberty of Confcience in matters of Faith towards God, or the Religious Exercife thereof:. Liberty and Property, both as Men and Chriftians being,, eftablijb'd in Wefi New Jarjey, by an ir- revocable Fundamental Law, never '•o be extinguiib'd or invaded by any fubfequent Law hereafter to be made whatfoever : As alfo not any the leaft Tax, Talledge, Subfidie, Rates or Services, to be impo- fed upon the People,* but by the confent Qf thefe thefr Reprefenta- tiveS io the General AlTemblies. The Towns and Plantations already fettled in this Province, for the mofl part are upon that Noble and Navigable River Delaware, or yponlomeT Creek or Harbor conti- guous thereimto, or upon the South Sea. And upon both, are the nk'e conveniericfis for thoufands of more Familes. Its chief Towns and Rivers are noted in the Map: And it certainly enjoys all the ad- .lantages that the other garts do,. rpl ^^ -v. 7f&t ■..--'****\i ^^f^ '. ^n: mm The Defcrr^tm */Eaft Newjarfey. efcn£tiqn ^Eaft New Jarfey, ^ -*■;• '■-'-;'■ ■-.'-■■■: ' i,- • , :. ■: ■ ,-•"• " , r . ', '-"•••• •, f- - . . • •■ • - , ' • '•,".■,•.-■' • , ' •; '■■'-, rovince of Eafi, l^ew Jarfey lies next to New Tork South weft ward, having on the South the Main Ocean, on the Eaft that well-known Bay for Shipping, within Sandy Hooke, to the North, part of \he province oi New Tork and New Albany ^ and i$ bounded by thaj vaft NavigaWe Stream, called HttdJ'ons. River ^ to the forty. one Degree of Northern Latitude,and from thence crofBng over in a ftreight Line, extending to thd moft Nprthern Branch or Part of Delaware River j then to the Weft, fVefi Jarfey, froni which di- vided by a Partition Line j- it takes its beginning from a place upon the South-Coait, called Little Egg-Harhr^ and fo runs in a ftreight Line to the aforelaid Northernmoft Branch oi Delaware River. This Province is very pleafant and healthful, a gre^t part of the bapk Land lying high. As tp the Trees, Fruits, and moft other produ: thk .ft *»^. 4-" / ^ r 604 7]&f D^^r/^fw^iefEaftN^wIarrey^ the aforefaid Bay, into which there may go in Ships of the greateft- Burden, and come out again at all Seafons, as Well in Winter time as- in Summer, and lie fafe in Harbor, wfthout any inconvenience of Winds or Tydes, andclofe to the Warf before theHoufesjiiin this Town of ?tnh, can lie Ships of three or four hundred Tun, with their fafts op Shore, at low Water. ^ There is befides the forementipned KeMir T^wn, feven Towns more built in this province, vix^. ElixMhtih Town, Niw^rk, IVood-^ hridie, Pifcatawiy, Bergen, Middletwne and Sbrev/shurjf, in which, and in the out Plantations, many thoufand People are fettled; who poflels their Land^, &c. fome by purchafe, mqft upon vcryr cafie. Rents, payable to the prefcnt Proprietors, there being all Ibrts of excellent lands undifpofed of, enough to plant man^ more thou- fands of Families, who ihall defue to trAnlport thgjifelvei, thi- ther. .. .■ ■: .; .: .'>-: ^/ '■:':, -r^- •As to the ri^ht, which the twenty four Proprietors have to this., Country, it is derived from the Title' of the late Sir George Carteret, bjf conveyance from the Earl of i^f/cr and other Truftecs, joiiiihg ^with the Lady Carteret, and is fince granted and confirmed in, the year 1682, to them, theit Heirs and Afligns for ever, by his prefent • Majefty king James the Second', under his Hand ajid Seal, With alt the Royalttes, Powers and' Governments thereof. The latQ King €^barles the Second, w#s al(b pleafed to approve of the /iifl Grant and confirmaticfn, by publication under his Royal Signet, and Sign Manual, dhted 2;rie- tors, their Deputies, Agents, &c.,j6S6, ' ' '-^ ' In this Province are lome NoWemen, and'leveral Gentlemen of the 5corfi&.Nntioi> interefted, (as well as thofe o^ England) fome of which have gone themfelves, and'Familiies, and.are fettled there, and many ijun'dred' others, are lenc from\thence, who have made good Farms and Plantations there, and, fundry perfons are concerned in Shares «nder feveral of the Projectors, feme have half, fome a quarter, o- tkers an eighth , or t^ntfi Share, ^c and thefe have TraAs of Land laid out to them by, thft Surveyor General, according to the proporr lions of their re(perts of thou- At home, but for Exportation abroad, to other places that want. The Town of Newark .ilone, in one year, made ready a thouland Barrels of good -Cyder out of the Orchards of their own planting. And the Town of Pf^oodbriJieshovQ five hundred Barrels of Pork, this Province affording Corn and Cattle, and other produft to fliip off to the Carihbc lilands, &c. to fupply their NeighboAirs, who have not that plenty, , . In this Province of Eaft Jarfy is this fiirthcr encouragement, there is fuch good Provifion made for Liberty of Confcience, and Property in Eftatc, by the Fundamental Conftitutions or great Charter, on behalf of all the Inhabitants, as.Men and.Chriftians, that very many from other parts oi America ^ as well as from Emoff^ have chofen ta- go thither to live, where they do not only quietly and freely enjoy, riieir Eftates, but alfo an uninterrupted treedom in the Exercife of- their Religion^ according to their particular Perfwafions. '.. I J > V ' s III ' ,■ i if ' I ,1 • Such as defifeto TranfporP tijemfih'es and Families^ or. ht others . ways concern d in this Colony^ may' he dir £iedat the Sign of< the Star ^ George Yard /» L,ombard*flreet, where, and when, to meet with fov/ie of the proprietors^ who. wifgive them further Information* , ^ ■• ■•_ f .a'.v. 1 i 'J^ > :' .^ ' ■> * i\- V Ni / V^ I ' .*;':^ NEw tngland 15 a vaft Tra^ of Laft!. happily Situated, reacli- ing ffiom rbrty to lorty five Degrees of Northern Latitude in the middle of the temperate Zoncy and parallel to fome part of Itai)\ ill the Eaft-ern HejnifpLre. . * , , The Country tor many Miles is r.ot MountainouSj yet intcrmixt with pleafant CollineSj Plains aod Meadows. For Rivers, it hath in its largsft txtentDelaVJore River, navigabk one hundred and thirty Miles : Hudfons River Navigable above one' hundred Miko . Conndlicut River Navigable above fifty Miles, Mati- MecK River, Pafcatazjay, and many other conveniently Navigable ^ and for lefs Rivers andf Brooks: you can hardly travel a few Mile^ ''vifhout p,i{fing one. • ■• ' . ■. ' ; ■ ' ■ . "■ ' :.- The Of New England. ^07,; The Soil is truitful, and yields Wheat, Rye; Peafe, Beans, Barley. Oats^ JWw»Cornj Flax^ Herfrp, and all forts df Englijh Herbs^ and excellent Simples proper for the Counti^, For Food, it hatU Ecefl Pork, Mutton pkntifiiljbefides Goats, D,eer,c^tf. For Filh, Fowl, and good Cyder, it excels wim good Gellerage t6 preferve all, which is not common in Virginia, .The South fide pf their Houfes are in many' places begirt with Hives of Bces,*which encrcafe very much. For Fruit, it hath' Apples, Pears, Plum^ Qujnces, Cherries^ A- pricocks, peaches. in ftaa^ing trees, and inaay forts of wild .^Icw, Black ami White Grapes, and their wild white Muskadine Grape makes a pieaiartt Wine.. -,■..;■:.• •.- ,. ■ ;^^v?^:Va/itl- ' ' '- .^U,;^' For Timber, it hath feveral forts of Oak, aiid their y hire Swamp* Oak,' (whcre<)f they have great quantities^ jj efteemed «iear a&tpujgfi rsapy in £«yfl/)i«,l>efKie, Walnut, Ai)i,PmeyC&d^^^ . For Trade_j they have ill forts oi P^yfifionSoi'^^^ of Flefti, Filh, and all Grain, a^ Corn, Peaier, €^ci And Maftsfcrlhips, Deal-boa].ds, Iron, Tar, Bever, Moofe*skins, Furs, and fome hun-^ dred Veffels and Ships of their own, and Merchants y ho difperfe their Cv'^mniodities to the Wef-lndiesy and from thence to Ei^laml, The Country is capable of many other (Z:omn\od^tie^3,. as Wine, Sak, Brandy, c^t. When laboui* grows more cheap b^,-t«e farther in- creafc of thtirown Children, ©r purchafe of ^^fljr^.,.Thqy)iave many Towns fuppKedi^with good Minifters^ and have tWo CpUcdges zx CamWidgc ;. they train their Youth when paft^fixteen years old,, and fo make them bold and refolute. As to their Government^ they had fourteen Magil^rates, and ^ci^ not to exceed eighteen Ailiftants by their Patent, whereof , one is anndally chofen Governour, and another Deputy-<^overjioiir by the Ps.^ple, who are jealous of the infringement of theiir Priviledges. For Religion they are Proteftants, much AsVeYkins, they pray for the iving, and the E«^/i/fe Nation, and for the^Protcftant Religion- riiroughout theWorld. As to the Weatherythe old Planters fay, tfiat fifty years fihce, when the Country was not fo mv h opened (by the felling of the Woods) they had rpu^hmo|:e heat h\ Summer, and more cold in Winter, then they haidfmcej and that ,chey fiind the Winter ftill4eiren as the Country is more opened,, ^^Thpir Winter begins in^ Deiemkr, and comm6nly^ ends, in Ftbrnsry^. Tne ^ North Weft Winds blow very keen, and fometimes hold forty eight hours. After that with the change of the Wind, they have moderate Weather. So they, reckon to have ien or twelve cold days in a Winter, whfcch dayj^ are colder than in the firyie Climate in Zurofe^.,. ,„ , -.jy...^ .'ii^- 41 •V, ' vTC; i'^ ■i'V^O: ;r b.-r. Jr^.'V^ ..'U»; 1 'I'J .•y.,-4i » • Their "iSJJjfipp'" '■"P'"!" "WPWiqP<«i]fe to the ■ Bodied of thofe^of ourNationj the Air being moft g||ierally ferdne/tweet and - exceeding healthy. And if any Fogsarife, the North Weft anti Weft Winds do quickly difperfe them^ and the Country lends fbith fucb a fr.igrantlhiel} that it may be perceived ere we make X.and.' Thtr MertDpoiis ofj^eUfEngiand is ^o/a^,'!G^mm6dibirfly feclted for Ttaflickon the S^a Shorej-a^ very largd ind'f^atious.^Town^orindeei C}ty,pompofed of fevcral iveU'opdered Streets, and adorned with fair and beautiful Houfes, well inhabited by Merchants tmdTradqfmenj it is alfo a place of good ftrengthj having fevei-al Fortifications raifed on ihe Hilh adjoJmijg,'well counted with greatPieces^andw^ll garded.Se-' -condly Q^^ri'ijjr; formerly" j>^€jy#oii/»j is beailtified with tWO Cbll^esy and divej^s- fair and" .WeU-butlt Hotifes, other Towflfs Are Amshury^ An- idoTJef, i^afi/^aclejB&verly, Bilkrtca-yBrd^or^yBraintre, BridgewateryCharles- Toirn, Chensfordy Coneordy Dartmouth , Dedharn, Dorchefier, Deerfieldy f>o-- tjer, Duxburyy ExePer, Eafiht^m, Fatmotttb, Glocefierj'Grcttonj Hadjiddy Had- ly, Hawjnony^ifrifikd-HdverHjMw^ Htdl, Ipfimck. Kenecbecky 'K,-terij LamaBif'Jjinrfy Lift* ^London, Maldonj Manch^fieVy Marfhjieldy Matlforo^^ , Mham''y\ Medfeldy Mtltorty Midletvn, Mommejy l^fwburyy 'J^enftm, j^eovphriy J^thamptm^ 'NonPi^ky Venkeck, VortfmoUthy Vly mouthy TrovidencSy ^(ktfmoutt) in 'Rode l{\An^, Readmg,'*Rffwly'^RoiAurv, Salf ifuryySalenty Sandwich y Saybfooky Scarhoreughy Scittiate^ Senconlty Springs jiehL Stonlton, S^uabaugy Squabeeyy Sudbury, Szvanjieldy Tantorty IVater- 'Uwh'y'Wcther^^eld^ ff^tndfoTy IVtck-ford, TVafwicHiy ff'o^odoookj Wamjtck, With'^jfe/. Tfmmy ff^ellt, Tarmouth, Tork, nioft of thcfcf Towns -are of , goole Rivers, as niayJje feen in the Map* The 'EngU\li Inhabitants are in Colour, Features, Husbandi'y , Navi- ^cltion. Cohabitation in Towns afid language, much as in Englandy iindiifive an ^gerncfs of Courage an-d yet lafting, ■ '"Tlijey ourdhafed their Lands. of the Saehems, whidi vVei^e the head,* and t(ie eldeft'of the Wm» Famil'ies^ the j^tjcieiit Proprietors, moft of ^ which \yere,.lboilt thefirft Englifi Ibttlemeik^^ fV^bj)t avvay with the fmall Pox ; Another part Dy Waw among themle lyes, and the remiaindcral* nVc^ft deOrdy^d by their late Treacherotis "V^ar with the Engli fjy being eitfherrold, (lain, or tlead with theFlux; fo that there now remains but Tew of them in the Mafjachufety and Plymouth Colonics, except fome C-hriftiins and other Indians, who aj^vc triie to. the £wg///fe agaithfl: thofe •other bloody J^^ir/'.irid'Wi-^ thereindoeufcadcs j and iheir contrivances very fubtil, ^ut if once difcpvertd, they would be greatly. difmayed. And this is certain, they were at lajft overcome, and in a lort extirpated by afi apparent and aiftinguiAing hand of Gcds Providenre. And as to their conqaer'd Cotintries,(now under the £wg////j JurifdiAion) they are large and fruitful, and have ma- ny fpacious Corn fields, )^lantations,plcafant Rivers and Brooks, fit for delight and human luftentation. As to New EngJand,\t is obfervabIe,that within fhe Compafs of fixty years paft, near two hundred Gentlemen,Minifters and Merchants car- ried tlieir Wives and Children thither, and about forty hundred Hus- bandmen and Mechanicks, with their Wives, and Children, and Ser- vants, and rrear two hundred thoufaiid pound value. That Stock of people is faid to be increaft » about one hundred thouland: And that more perfons for condition . id tmrnbei of the in- creafe of the faid firft planters have come for England^ thai have gone thither fince their faid principal fettlement. '. ;: And that the people of -New; EnglandhA\& fome years annually im- ported and exported to and from old England lo as great value in com- modities, ns they firft exported hence. And as to tliAt which hath kept them low, they thought if hey bought iV"^|:ro's and had them Baptized, that they were then free, and upon this miitake omitted it, and then fo much indulged their Englijit Servants, ( becaufc themfelves could hot work ) that thev gave tlV- almoft what they would hare,* andthus inrichedthem, and impovei 4iA- ed thcmfclves. , ,r n . And when others came afterwards, (if Jmy thing likely) they were foon tempted by inferior Planters to Marry and becon^e Freeholders : , and feeing A goodly Country before them^ tbefc alfo quickly made ^ wmmm . I"*.. '1 ^i6 " iJ^New EnglartA fheir fervice une^ie to the intolerable damage of their MsAtrSy ytho^ were at great charges about them. . "Jv''**, But feme ;nay ob jeA, that Barbado4s MerchantSjOv^r-mHch minding theit profit,* have twenty «N«gro's to one EngUfit Servant, to- the now great hazard of their lives. As to that, it is very remarkable . that the long patience of the firft New England Gentlemen hath ae lad' wrought this happy efFeA to their Pofterity, that fhould they now jftock their Farms witlxJV/ir^ro's and JnMans, and mix them in Marriage, ^ori^1ibntains all that Trad of Land, which is feated betvi'een i ^ew England, Virginia, Mary-Land, and the length of which ^loithward into the Ciountry, as it hath not been fully difcovered, fo 'tis liot certainly known, but in general it extends to the Banks of the great River Canada, Eaft and Weft, its breadth is accounted d|b hundred Miles, comprehending alfo that Trad of Land, which is be- tw'efen mdfons RiY'6r, and Delaware River, called New Jarfey. , ' Its principal Rivers ate HW/o^s River toward the Eaft, Rarit^ River about the middle, and Delaware River on the Weft, its chiefeft Itlahds are Long-Ipnd, Manahattem- Jfland, and Staten-Jflands. Land, and Preniifes \^hich'is "between HwiySw's River, and Delaware River, untQ JohnXov^ Berlley, and Sir George Cat^eret, jointly by the napie- of Js/ew^ Cafarca or, l^tn'>Jarfey. So that New Tork now contains only tb4t pHit oiNew England^ '^h\c^\ the Dutch formerly fcizcd, and catled It t^e JSTcw 'Nifhr'lati^, and Nova Belgia, lying between Hudfms ^ -^ ■ ' ' " ' liii 2' "aifd •/nJI mm ■HMPPmn K . '^i^. J Defiri/t'mtfmwYark. ■^^^. (Six and CcneBicutKivcTs on the Continent, with the Iikti6sof Manabattt^^ and Long-Ifland, oppofite thereunto. A^nabattens IJland, fo called by the Jfntians, it lyeth betwixt the Degrees of forty one and foriy two N€«th Latitude, and is about fourteen^ Miles long, and two brond, whofe chief place is Ntw Tori^ i'eaced upon the South end of the aforefaidlfland, having a fmall Arm of* the Sea, which divides it from Long-IJlan4, on the Eaft fide of i^ whkli runs Eaftward to New EngUnd^ and is Navigable, tholigh dangerous. - ^-*i-'rl4i%^if;^.^'tf; '■■ .. -• .;,-?.;;,y^ -. Huiijons River runs by JNiw Tbrk Norftiwar^nto the Country, to- ward the Head of which is feated Ntw Albany, a place of great Trade with the Indians, betwixt which andiv/eaz/Twife, being above one hundred Miles, in as good Corn-Land ai the World affords, enough to enteitain hundreds of Families, in the time of the PirrcA Government of thofe parts. At Softrs was kept a Garifon, but fmce the reduce- ment of thofe parts under his Majcfties Obedience, by the care of the Honourable Colonel Nichols, Deputy to his Highnefs, fuch a League of peace was made, and Friendlhip concluded betwixt that Colony and the Indians, that they have not refifted or difturbed any Chriftians thci^ in the fcttltng or peaceable polTeffion of any Lands with that Government, but every Man hath late under his own Vine, and hath peaceably rcapt and enjoyed the Fruits of their own labors, which God continue. New Tork is built moft of Brick and Stone^ and c^prered with red and Black Tile, and the Land being high, it gives at a fliftani^e a pleafing Afi>e(ft to the Spe Farm-Houfes. The Ifland is moft of it of a very good foil^ and veiy natural for all forts of Engl/jh Grain j which they low, and have v«iy good encrcafc of, befides all other Fruits and Herbs tommon in JE»g-- laptfty as alfo Tobacoo, Hemp, Flax, Pumkin^, Melons, &c. There are feveral Navigable Rivers and Bays, which ])ut into the Northfide of Long Ifland, but upon the Southfide which joins to the Sea, it is fo foitifted with Bars of Sand and (boles, that it is a fufficient defqnce againft any Entmy, yet the Soiithfidc is net without Brooks and Rivulets, which empty themfelves into the Sca,^ yea, you iball fcarce travels Mile, but you /ball meet with one ot them, whofe Chriftal Streams run fo fwitt, that they purge themfelves ot fuch ftink- ing Mud and Filth, \lvhich the ftaqtJing orLow-paccd Streams of moft Brocks and Rivers Weft watd of this Colony leave lying, and are by the Suns exhalation diffipated, the Air corrupted, and many Fevcre. and other Diitemper occaficncd, not incident to this Colony: Nei- ther do the Brooks and Rivulets premifed,- give way to the Froft in Winter, or Drought in Summerj^^ but keep their eouiffe throughout thejfear. „ ' • j ' '' ^' ' -'' ' '"' '' Towards the middlei 'drloh^ JjOinilly^th a Plain fixteen Miles long,, and fcur broad, upbri whith Plain grows very fine Grafs,, that makes exceeding good Hay, and is very good palture for the Sheep or other Cattle ; where you fhall find neither ftick nor ftone to hinder the Horfe Heels, or endaneer them in their Races, and once a year the be1ft Horfes in the Hland are brought hither to try their fwiftnefs, and the fwifteft rewarded with a Silver Cup, two being annually procured for that purpofe. There are two or three other fmall Plains, of about a Mile fquarc, which are no finall benefit to thofe TowriS, which enjoy them. Upon the Southfide .of Zang Ifland in the Winter, lye ftore of Whales and Grampulfes, which the Inhabitants begin with fmall Boats to make a Trade, catching them tg their no fmall benefit. Alfo an innumerable multitude of Seals, which make ati.excellent Oyl,* they lie all the Winter upon fmall broken Marihes, ^d Beaches^ or Bars of Siand. before-mentioned, and might be .eafily got, were here fome skilful Meawould^ undertake i^.^ ;.. ■ .;■/•.. -.' ■■• y . i >? n' rfthe iforihWiifi^f^Pidf mkrkiL. /^ye^y of tjie iaid Northern parts, by ih^'JSiamQ r ^,i'j' '.' ■■-*' tn-^\- -foin,. r|j-ff;;; ver firft the _ ^ ^ ^ the Latitude of fixty feven and a half* Which ^mmmmmmfiimm ?'^ l^^ •» I ' ■ Which being negleded, after i^hh %\i& Jr^neh planted on th^ North-, ^ iViv't I fide, oPtlje Riv^r Cw^i« ■ ^iji-Jq ^naBiti i.ri^U. ^''o '^ '.i-fi v '::.!• ;(;•(. r|i , ,':;vxa> ^;^ orfui^f ^ii^- r-p»His was ftrft difcoveredby the tw(^Cahot^,' Jnhn and his Son Se^ \^ bafilan, employed by King Henry the Seventh 1497, the bufinefs^ laidafide was afterwards revived by Thorn and ElUoK two ©f Brlfiol, who afcribed to themfelves the dircovery of itj and animated King Henry unto the enterprize, -<^»»o 1 527, In the mean time, the French and Tortugals rcforted to it. , \ * But the Englip woul^ not relinquifii their pretenfions to the Vrimkr Seifin, and therefore in the year i ^83, Sir Humphry Gilbert took pof- fcffion of it in the name of the Queen oi England, yi\io beii^g Ship- wrack'd in his returu, the fending of a Colony was difcontinued till the year 1608, when undertook by John Guy, a Merchant oi Brijtol,. and inthe^^ear 1626, Sir George Calvert Knight, then principal Se- cretary of State, aiterward Lord JSialtlenlorey obtained a patent of part of Neoifonndtandf which was ererfi&W/!ji^/4!f America Decrs^ Ilir^s^ Gtlers and FoxiSj which ycild great Fur, it affords ftAtcIy Trees fit for Timber, Mafts, PUnks, andorfierufe^ The Soil is cfteemed fertile, the Climate wbolfom, but the rigor of Win- ter, and cxceflite Heats of Summer much de£rar Head Land of Vrkmjy to the S. W. Head of Fero is ;.■: fifty five Leagues^and fl-om thence to Ivgttl^foot is Eighty five Leagues ,tSi .^4^4^^- ^yn"'X}^'l'>orJi^ i-. a^A *■ u t" -'. <- It «:? The lit two about e great »t fhey Ofthe North iVefl part of America. ,j'.-- 6iy It hath four remarkable Mountains in it, of which Heeta is the moft famous, which burns continually with a Blew,Brimftone-like,and moft dreadful Flame, vomiting up vaft quantities of Brimftone, and that when it burns with greateft vehemency, it makes a terrible lumbUng like the noife of loud Thunder, and a fearful crackling and Tearing that may be heard a great way off. See more of this in Martivtrn Nor-thern Voyage,/»/rge i;4. i^^^r In the Philolophical TanfaAion, Number 103, Dr. Paul Bkmoniui Relident informs us. That it abounds with hot Springs, -of which fome are fo hot, that in a quarter of an hours time they will fuffici- ently boil a piece of Beef Amgreim 'Jonas tells us. It was inhabited by the Norwegians, Anno 874, afterwards by the Danes, under whofe Gt • vernment and Religion it now is. The Ifland is well peopled, but they live only in the Vallies, and towards the Sea-Shore. Their Dwel- lings are rather Caves thanHoufes. The Inhabitants are. faid to be a Lufty, Comely, Affable People, faithful in their Dealings, addi Learning, having three Univer(kies,fuch as they are: Bm:,their Law allows of no Phificians,but admit of fome Chirurgeons to cure their Wounds. The Air is healthy, but the changes of Weather are very uncertain, for fo;netimes it Snows and Hails in the middle of Summe ; and the Winds arc often in tha>- feafon moft furious. , Their commodities are Sheep, Cow sand Horfes. Great plenty of moft fort of Sea-firfh all the year round their Coaft. There are Lake$ upon the high Mountains, well ftored with Frefti-Water-tiih, and their Rivers with Salmon. In Summer time they have plenty of Wild-foul, as Mallard, Duck, Teal, Partridge., Wild Geefe 3 Plovers. In Winter time Ravenr>, Eagles, Wild Ducks, Swans, &c. Their Drink is Milk mingled with Water. Their Bread is Cod caught in the Winter time, and dried in the Froft, commonly called Stock-Fifli, as alfo Hokettle or the Nurfe-Fifti, with the Livei-s they make Oil to burn in their Caves under Ground ^ the other parts they cut into pieces, and bury them for four or five Weeks under Ground, then warn them, and dry therii in their Stoves, and this ferves inftead of Bread, if broiled on the Coals, it ferves tor Meat,- arid of the Skins of the Fifh they make their Shoes. The general Employment of the People is either Fifliery, or the making Wad-moll, or a Courfe fort of Woollen Cloth, ot which they make Gowns, Coats, Caps, Mittins for Seamen and Fifliermcn. There arc alio little Shock Dogs faid to be the Whelps of ordinary Bitches, lined by Foxes, that come on over the Ice. Iherp IS only one Fort, which is upon one of the chief of the ^T^/ Mmny IGcs ten Leagues from Merchants ForeUml, with twelve Iron .^ K.kkk Gur.s y r '* • i8 Oftht J^orth Wefipart \ Towards the North Eaft lies a Trad of Land, called Greenland ^y the Enzlifi, Sptshurg by the Dutch^ feated between feventy fix Degrees, and eighty two ot Northern Latitude, but whether an- Ifland or continent, is not yet known. The whole Land is fo con> palTed with Ice, that it is difficult to be approached, fometimes in the middle ofjune^ the' ordinarily the Ice breaks in May. The Soil is in moft places nothing but Rocks, or heaps of vaft Stones, many of them ib high, that the upper hi:^<^ feenis to be above the Clouds. The little Yallies between them are nothing elfe. but broken Stones, and Ice heaped up from many Generations. A- bout Roefield and Ma^k-Haven is the greateft quantity of low Land, which alio is fuU oJt Rocks, Stony, and for the moft part covered with :.now and Ice, which when melted in Summer ^covers no- thing but a barren Ground, producing Heath, Mofs, \:zen to the bottom of the Sea. The frv^'^zing and breaking of ib.e Ice makes a great and terrible fioife^ fometimes it l^reaks into great Of GREENLAND. 6xt elfe. gre.it pieces, and fometimes it fiiatters at once ir/cofmall piecesj with more noife but lefs danger. The Beafts of the Country are Foxes of divers CclourSj R.iindcer, Bears, fix foot high, and^fourteen foot long. Of Water Fowl there is great variety, and in fo great abundance, that with their flight they darken the Sun, ' 'vlz,. Ducks, Willocks, Stints, Sea-Pidgeons, Sea-Parrots, Gulls, Noddees, There are alfo great'quantitiesof Fiflies, as Seals, Dog-Fi/lies, I.obfters, Gernels, Star-Filh, Macarel, Dolphins, Unicorns, Whales, &c. Our Men that Wintered in Grw/^//, Anno i6'i^0j loft the Light of the Sun, OBober the fourteenth, and faw it not again till February the third. Thofe that ftaid there 1*555, fay, that OBober the fifth was the laft day they faw the Sun, tho' they had Twilight till the fcventcenth, and.. en the twenty fecond, the Stars were plainly to be feen, and fo con- tinued for all the Winter. • January the hfteen, they perceived lb- much Light as to read by it ^ February. t\\t twelfth, they faw the light of the Sun on the. Tops of the Mountains. Thofe that wintered in Nova Zembla 1 5-96, in the feventy fix De- grees, on O&obiT the twenty third faw the Sun not fully above the. Earth: After OSiober the twericy fifth, they faw the Sun no more till January the twenty fourth ,» they faw the edge of the Sun above the. Horizon. Thefe alfo tell us. That in feventy four Degrees, the Water was as green as, Grafs.. ^ And that at Cherry or Bear Jfiand \n: the feventy fourth Degree, and thirteen Minutes, the variation was. thirteen ligrees.. The firft we read of that fearched for the North Weft palTage, wast Martin Forbijlier in Anno if 76, w'«th »-wo Barks , coming to the La- titude of fjxty two Degrees, found a g.veat Inlet of fixty Leagues in length, and main Land on both fides, called by him Forbijhers Strait,. He found there a certain Oar, which he thought to be Gold, and the next year made a Voyage to fetch a quantity of it, but it proved but black Lead. And upon Smiths Ifle they found feveral Stones, out of which they melted Gold, but in very fmall quantities. They found alfo a dead'Fifli of about twelve foot long, in fliape like a Porpoife, having a Horn fix foot long growing out of his Snout, which is ft ill, kept at Windfor. In 1 585, Sir Humphry Gilbert went to the great River of St. Lau;- rence in Canada, took poffeffion of the County, and fettled a fifliing. Trade there. In . . - p ■« "ww: <5it Of GRBMLAm. Ill 15-8 f, )Ar. John Davis was employed for fearch of the North Weft paflage: The firft Land he came to, ha called the Lan4 ofDe- foUtion'y thenhi ariived in Gill/erts Soundj tn the Latitude of fixty four Degrees and fixteen Minutes. Thence they went to fixty fix Degrees and forty Minutes to Mount Raleigh ^ Totnes Sounds i&c. In 1 v86, he made a (econd Voyage to the fame place, found amongft the Natives {omo. o^ Frohijfiers Oar, as alio Lafis Sfecularis, Copper Oar, as alfo black and red Coivper, and returned, after fearch of ma- ny places, with hopes of difcovering the defired Paflage: So that in tlie-year 1 5-87, he made a third Voyage to feventy two Degrees and twelve Minutes, where the Compafs varied to eighty two Degrees Weftward, the Land he called London Coaft, and there they found an open Sea, forty Leagues between Land and Land, which he called ■Fretum Da^is. In the year 16 10, Mr. H«^. •5-.: Country for the King, fetting up a Crofs and the Kings Arms m Lead: And the Dtitch did the like afterwards in the lame places for the Pnnce o^ Orange. In the year i6\^, the King oj Denmark Tent three Ships, Men of War, to demand Cufto'n for Fifhin^ upon this Ifland, which was de- nied, and the Ifland affirmed to belong to the King of England. In the year 1616, the Company fent eight Sail of great Ships, and diis year difcovered Edges IJland. In the year 161 7, the EngliJIj fent out fourteen Ships and two Pin- naces Jpril izj., they fet fail ivom Gra'uefeyid, and M/y 28, they arri- ved at Greenliindy and met with eleven Sail of Dutch, hfliing in Horn- found, whom they forced away, and took from them all they caught, and alfo the Englijh that were in their Ships, and made lyoo Tuns of Oyl, and difcovered JVyches Ifland in feventy nine Degrees. There are fome Difcoveries of Land, which cannot be faid to be- long to any of the lour giand Divifions, bei«g feperate by Seas of vaft extent,* viz,. JIV«w^ G»i»«^ towards the Equator, lo called, becaufe thought to be oppofite to the African Guiny. New Zealand the An,ti- podes alraoft to £«g/«»//, difcovered fiirft by Ferdinando de ^tier, but both of the Eafi-Indid Companies in Holland now pretend to it, tho' they were but ill ufed, when they attempted to fettle therafelves there. A- bout three hundred Leagues from it lies another Trad of Land called Anthony Van Diemens Land, difcovered by the Dutch. The Land of Tarrats ( if any fuch ) was part of Ttrra Aufiralls incognita. In the year i ^04, one Gonneuille a Fremhmafjj failed thither, and was well en- ^ercaincd by a petty King, called Arofca-, Who alfo brought away with him (bmc of the Natives, amongft the reft the Kings Son Efome- ricj of whofe Race there a'-e Ibme yet in Ncrwandy ( (aith du VaLj New Holland is fo highly eltcemed by the Dutch , that they have caufcd die Map thereof to be cut in the Stones of their Magnificent State houfe, though I could not afford one Map for it here. It is a Trad of Land containing about 1600 Leagues. IMor far from Greenland lieth Cherry Ifland ^ thirty Degrees to the Nordi Laftwards, whereof ( faith our Sea Waggoner) is the Ifland of NozHTr Zemblii, and twenty Leagues to a Degree is the Scale made in the Chart, fo that thirty multiplied by twenty makes fix hundred Leagues, which is three hundred more -than the true diftance. This alfo is cer- tain, thar in all the Land Maps, that I have feen, it is laid down above one hundred and twenty, and i jo Leagues Eaftw^irds farther than it ought to be. And I have the rather inftanced in this particular, for tliat I have rcaion to thlnk^ that this was the chief caufe of the mir* fortune '. :J,\ :•!" 0/ Nova 2embla, Terra Jeflb, S?r. 6i^ fortune of that venturous and worthy defign of Captain If^ood in his Attempt for a N. E. paffage to China. 1 cannot alfo but mention the Opinion of fome, v/ho tell us, that itJova Zembla is the Ifle Carambice of the Antients, from whence Men may go upon the IceasfarasGre^»/«Wand further, fo that its thought that the People that firft inhabited America went over this way. The Land oijejfo lies between AJia and Ammcay where they are fcparated by great and wide Arms ot the Sea; tho' others think, they excur and meet almoft together, and by this way was America firlt peopled, but utrum horum mavis, accipe. The Inhabitants oi Jejfo ex- change their Fifti, their Tongues, their Whiles Oyl, in the Cities of Japan, which are next to them. The Planks of their Barks are not nailtd but fowed together with Ropes made of the Rinds of Cocoes. The Relations of the Dutch in the year 164; tell us, that part of the Country acknowledges the King of Japan jSlhq that the Governou r who relHes at Matz,imay jCarncs him every yearSilvtT, Feathers of lundry Colours, and fine Furs. Thus briefly have I defcribed all the mofl known parts of the Earth, but muft leave that of the unknown to the difcr xry of future Ages ,• only give me leave to fay a word or two to our EngliJJ} Planters, &c. And I have done"^: - ■ To advance a happy Plantation, the Undertakers , Planters, and Place it felf, muft contribute their endeavours. Let the Undertakers be Men of no fhallow Heads, nor narrow For- tunes, fuch as will be contented with their prefent Icfs to be Bene- factors to Pofterity. Let the Planters be Honeft, Skillful and Painful People ,• for what hope is there, that they, v,^ho were Drones at home, will be Bees abroad. Let the Place be naturally ftrong, or at leaftwife capable of Forti- fication ,• for though at firft Planters are fufficiently fenced vyith their ' own Poverty, yet when once they have got Wealth, they muft get Strength to defend it. lOands are eafily ihut, whereas Continents have their Doors ever open, not to be bolted without great charges. Let not the Towns, where there is choice of Ground, be built in places of a iervile nature, as being over-awed, or commanded by fome Hills about them. Let it have fome Staple Commodity toballance Traffick with other Countries, few Countries can ttand alone, the Luxury of our Age hath made fuperfiuities necelTary. Let tlie Planters endeavour to be loved and feared of the Natives, L L 1 1 1 ufing ^mfwi^ 6i6 The COlJCLUSIOl^, ufing Jiiftice and Honefty, being as naked in their dealings with the Natives, as they are naked in their Attire, imbracing all occafions to convert them, each Convert is a Conqueft, and it is more honour to overcqme Paganifm in one, than to deftroy a thoufand Pagans ,• for an extirpation of the Natives is rather a fupplanting, than planting a New Colony. I am confident, faid Dr. FuUer long fince, that Amtrka is now grown Marriageble,ahd hopes to get Chrift for a Husband by the preaching of the Gofpel. I /hall only add, that no Nation hath fpread her Sails for Traffick further than the Englijh : and that our Foreign Plantations upon the AJian, African and American Continents, are fo many, and fo con- veniently feated, that no Chriftian Nation hath opportunity of pierc- ing deeper into thofe vaft Heathenifh Iflands, than the EngUJh. And yet can we fay, we have improved the advantages God hath put into our Hands, to his Glory, and the propagation of his Gof- pel ? have we made fo much as one folemn,-Miflion ofPious and Learn- ed Men to preach the glad Tydings of Salvation in Jefus Chrift, fo much as to thofe ignorant Heathens and Idolaters, that confine upon the Englif) Pale ,• yea,or the poor Negroes, that are detained in cruel flavcry in our own Plantations? I cannot fay, what Glory and Ad- vantage this would be to the EngUflj Nation : Pardon me therefore Great Sirs, the Propofal of this to your pious confiderations, whom it doth moft concern : For your faithful management of the oppor- tunities intrufted to you for the Service of God, and the inlargement of his Kingdom at home and abroad, you may be alTured^ will not only make an Acceflion of Renown and Honour to your felves and •generous Families, but bring in alfo eternal Profperity andHappinefs from God the Father, and from the Lord Jefus Chrift. As, I pray God it rfiay. Amen, FINIS. vith the ifions to nour to for an ntinga grown eaching raffick )on the fo con- pierc- di. Geographical TABLE Of the Names of All the Kingdoms, Provinces, Countries, Iflands, V^ Cities, Towns, Seas, Rivers, Bayes, Capes, '!^l Ports, <^c. AA AB AB AC AC r A An. Aagai Aat Fl. Aaron Aaf : AbMtt Ab&garus Ma-Henan Ahaim Ahila Abanhit FL Abdntis i'^Abanvivdf :^knvivarierift Ahirinus Sibttfcia FL AbafftA Abaffines 381, $10)^1)^2 Abiwi '■ Si$ h •! 177, 179 -' yir 121} 232 38? . 69 283 ^' 3H 477 513 : »i4 4^3 187 20I 201 283 J12 Abbadd Curix vai./ $1% Abbasjba 40 1 ,40^,404^46 j T/Abitis CelU AbdalU 'Abdara ^delmeleeh jAietAl nlMerrahtMn %Mm ft: 213,272 i 4Va, 2I3y2^2, t^v.i.'U44 ' Abercmway 34 Aberdeen "X Aberdonia J $9 Aberfraw 33 Abergwaine 3 494 Achrydus 274 Acincum 107 Ac,kbAr ^■•?4ap 4(iemM , 96 , AcimA AC AD iE jicomatl^ ■'"■'. J 91 Aconry , jo jicor 48 z d' Acques xpt, 199 Acq^iii 141 ^crtf ^ f 40 Acridiis ' i6% Jcritiis From. 2.83 Acroathon Mort. Z74 Acrocermnixn Mon. 277 AcrocoriHthus Fort z ? J Acronius Fl. 513 Acronius Lacus 138 Acrothon Mon. ^ 274 Acrothoon Mon. ibid. ' ^^;t iieg/iZ 2 10 AHabon Fl. 405 AHium and its Battle, 175 191,491 ^rf Kdrianopolis zyi' Adrians J>'dhr 277' Adriatic\ Set 2 45; 2 ^9 . Adribe jo2; Adrumetum, Adfumitnt 4^6 ' ' AdratMum 184 Adratuca Tort^rorum x88 Adule,Adidit , f", ' e/€defius ^ .".^'J'?'° ♦lE^rfA • * ■ 175 • -ffi AF AG &€gathes and their Bat. 2 j 8 <3^^w« (//. 287 S/i^eiZHi'.2^9,279>283,i87 (s/tgialta, @/£gialus 282 (H/Egiliii Inf. 291 <8/Egina 288 (&^gyfimba ' 524 "> - J83 y4fr/V^/rfB Iv,:,.'... .528 Aichfiadt ^31 Aitnandefc. 389 ^mM In/. 438, 442 y^i'n/^ 214 Aimanx vv,j.J.74 /i/Vf ', ?79 Aifaux 180 >^«(>n .*, J . .>2.8o >Jix/^ Chap^ty •.. .1*7 Akxlykedefc. :,$iZ Akay .jj iv:4»<7 AkaiUlie ' ! .,,344 .z^/;^e» .'^ - J^;; • := 127 i^/j/^r 349 vJ/j Fabiana^Atx Flxvit. 141 Ala Narifcx > , .. 'JJ Ahbt \~.>.n,. <:i Ay- .iXp Aixduli !;.*h-j ,Mv347 Aldcment- ' , »-79 Alxndix' > .;\^9 .^xrbes ^-..i ■\\. :v^*f0 ■uUtjhabet >. 4.-l»itf AK AL 387 166 418 199 339 199 144 i7I SO 194 ibid, ibid. 47y 47 tf 419, 294 *5^, 344> 258 irr 274 f4 4pz I3i 438, 44; 214 ■..■Vij.^*74 : ?75 180 i r\,2.8o -v^ act ' i-'-'447 ^■.V:344 .^•i' 127 34« '•■' ^3iJ v'.J:347 i. .t^iiW : *.-]W« M Alba Curia Mba Ciulia Alba S^ulia Alba Longa Alba Regal if Alba Sebtipana Alba Fomfeix Albagra Inf. Albana Atbanenfcf J28 P8 98, II I ISO lo6i II z 131 141 537 371 188,279 Albania 18, ^66^ 270, 273 Albanopoli .,. 274 Albar.:<4 Mon. 123 ' Albany Meiiv 6ii Albaul \- ■ 483 Alber marie 19S , Albermarle FL f 90 Albermarle Settlement ibi4 Alpenga 241 • Albenjis £ E^ei^w-FeyerMir • Albert on 488 . Albigaunum 242 1 jUbigenfes v') ' r. *38' /iibingaanum y 242 ■ Albiniana Caftra 16 s ] 4lbintimeliutn , Albintimili- um Albion Albion Nova, AlbU f /. ^tbivA Mon, Mm^ Alffubtrque Afhuma\er r/Ubutig 142 3?o>424 :n. 387 ; V-50I '^gadde, Akadde Gb^btri^Ti j ^&tf/4 de Hefitres : »vr ir«;tf//5 :/irf .t*78' Aka\ar 471, 477,2 1« AtiirU X76\ A^finom's<3iii^: 292] A^emaer j^j -«fe"'^« ^ .T^/9i3^7,4?fi Aldiahs A^dees .', A^Sium .^\,r Alenfon * * 'j^ent-tbuf ,; Ahiitiio'^defe. ,; ^^|, , . Alefio Alexandria Alejfendretta Aletes Aletha 477 j 4n i*»4 AL 3jr, 3f2,38i, 3»^» 3»7, 344 ;;.. »^4> *74 »43 •. • 377 ' 281 I9tf Alexander the Great, 275:, 17^,270, 271,277,349, 3^0,352, 3 J3,3j 410,491, 493, 494, 49yy» ^Imaiiies 2 2.^, n 4, x 3^ Al AM Altitjnfur Alma^ Almera Almeriii Almeyda Almeyda F. Almiffa Almocadens Altnoxarifates S. Aloipa Alonejus Inf. Alonfo Zanchet ^01 :2i,2 357 305,412 391 . J^8 406 198 ^... k4^i 471 112 212 203 J28 :^3 47 Wf» 417,^96,332, 33-3v334 Amadas Ph kmadarafiis Amadmagda Amagara Amalfi A;t^an Amar^tia Amdn^iridin Amara. Amara Mons Amarodocii Amarufa f-9a A^7 yJ4 352 254- •3.;f yia 4^5, ^66 ,. 477 40X .L Amfea, Amfm Cit. 1 3 4^. AM KmifiA 347 Kniitpi 37 491 AmafmFi. -. 113 Amath'us 37 ry J'* Atnbalachi ' >i8 Awfcrfr* y n Ambeloes 4^1 Amber 96 Amberg 140 AtnbergA Cdntixbk ibid. Amber-griece 4*7 Ambianenjis Civit. 154 • AvtbrackU , 176 Afiibrones V. irf AwtAoj' Po/«* tfoj AmbopiA Inf. defc. i^Sy 45:9, ' 4^0 America defc. 5:42, jf'43^5:44, i . ^ y4j' Americus Vefpufiut 545 t Amersfort \6% Arnha jn j Anhara Mon, iiliftt ' Amctas -^^ -^^ *i'«4 Awirf* '\ 3y4>lfJ^ Aw/rftfV Temple ' 44^^ Amiens ■' '" - r 04 A«;7f4r . -.^'•^' 48?' Amina * '^ 34^ ! Amirteus A^f. ' Atnh, Amifus Fl. *i$l Ammonis —* "4^1 ; Ammonitet ^3^0, 3^1 1 Amnafan '^■, 349: Amorites . ►' 3^0 Awo^os . , ' •" Aoy Aw^rf^* ' -"s WA, .; j^^ « .k^' AM AN AmphiHiones »8t Amphilachia ■'. ^76 Atnphiont Harp 278 Amphipolis 274 Amphilfa . i^"" 280 Ampracia 1 7^ Ampfage ,- . 283 Antpurdan ' -^ 218 Amjiel Canal. 1^3 Amftelodamum ibid Amfterddm. defc. 8 tf , 1 6 3 Amfterdam Fort *9S Amfterdam Inf. ^96 Amsbury ^08 Amurath II. io2> 2^7, 281 Amurath IV. 3J7> 403 AmufiaFl. 113 Ana defc. 389 Anaiftria 277 Attt/e - ' '^ 471 A«4W .*; V , 401 Anamboul- ^«^ 5:38 Anaphe Inf a8? Awrf/Wtf ■;'»^«'-'' a84 Anarghia $67 Anas Fl. 203,207,210 A»-i/fx foi Anatolia defc. 34^ Anchefimus Mon, 177 Aambiale fmhifai Mon, AiKcna ibid A»core «• ; •■ ;' ^' 3if7 Awyrtf ' "■ ibid.) Andalufia 203, 20^, 2,10 f Andartftus .', '; .z?}-! Andeglxvum ';."' ,f^7 Anderium '"^'i;?i Anderlecht '^••-'•-' ' "-'iSil Andernopolis . 272; S. Andero "* ' io8 ' AfidesMon. tii'lsfll JtmottfatupfitH . ^iSo\ Anhiier ' ^^^" ' - ^'Vo^i An'doverpum 184' 'KMragius ''['\' 41 f; Andretium ••••■^ ^^^ St. A»(irew 18^,3^7, St.'A»rfrw»;f' • "• •i>| St: Andrewi Inf, --^ "i'SV Aneonitana Marchia '' ' AN St. Andrews Fort Andres Inf. Andujar Anfa Anfifa - Angara Angchony Angediva , Angelen S. Angelo Caji. Angelo Mon Angelopico Los Angelas Altera Angermania Angern Angejlri Anghai ■'-■ : Angiers Angles Anglefey j A»r i,j Aj^go.i Angolftadium Angonri At^ora Angn Angoulefme Angoumoit Angoxa A^tA Angrona Attguilla Inf Angyra Anhalt Anian Ar^ou ''■'• As^ou Duke AnifiisFl. Anjufur el vieio Ann Arundel Fl, Annaben Inf Annan K > J c 170 289 210 47 r 280 . ' 547 $x X9H 59 ^U 278 S79, j8o ^9j71 107 ' •-''•^^^288 482 ii y. *;^V' 197 , - 33 347 J12 Sn l9i 194 ■*,. • ■I rosi t. »?y>J>74 347 147, If 3 ■ r'^3^4 210 :V4 9 .".It, Annettm, )i.nnec;f , ''''^ih Arfnobonfk-^^^^ ' -■^^- ■It 5.»\^ Anficians Anfocha AntAchiA Antaus ,, « A«4« 'ff4i?,3|b Antanim Inf -•"' ^^^ ' ^-89 'Amego Inf. defc, %9U ^H AntequtTA t AN AP jintequera . j8t, iix Mt-SiW 178 Anthonys Bay 538 St. Mtbony'i Inf. m St.Mthon/t Monajl ^96,501 Anticym^ Anticyrrha i9i Arttigoca 17 J AntigonU 273, 27 f, 347 Antigoms 359 Antilles Inf. defc. 19 Si 1 64 Antinoe 499 Antioch 4n Antiochene. 371 Antioch ia 410 Antiochix Magrii 3 > 1 Antiochuf 301, 35*^, 400 Antipater 275", 288 Antirrhium Fremont. i?o Ant ijfa Tnf. defc- 374 Antijftodorum 198 AntmigilBay imea, Afifiiia dtfc. 3J1 Apelles 375 Apcncenfium Civit. 200 .(4/'crrMv^er il id. jiphiom Ciira[far 34^ Aphrodifnim 485 Aphrodifimn Prowom. 218 Aphroditium ibid. Aphr odium Colon i , 484 .(^;w 2?2 . ^p» ibid. AptfV Temple 498 ApoUo, ^ 491 AMe'j Altar 377 . AP AQ. AR AR A/ioWo'x Harp 3^0 Araucho ^1^ A^I/oV Temple 289, 3 J' Araques ibid. ApoUoniui 549, 377 Araufta 20X Apolonia 273 Araxes Fl. 3^3, 16U 394 Apolonia Gulph i^y Armo _ 378 St. Apo'onia Inf SS9 Arbaifa dejc^ ArbeU and its Bat 404 'Ambiy.i yoi tie 3J^ Appenn.neMon. 234,244,249 Arfcfl//^4 90 Appennages Law 191 Ari>4r rr//?/f 433 Appen\ed 229,230, 232 Arcadia, 282 AppimUfi 494 Arcadians 285 A/fm 27 J Archangel 78 Aprojita Inf 531 Archelaui S'i9 Apuliim 98 Arches 187, 288 Apumatuc F/. fji Archimedes 1T7 AjK^ 227 Archipelago 1 8, 284, 289 Aqux Augufiii 191,199 287, 190, 3447 1^6 374 A Aquenfium Civit 199 Ardea 250 AquiU F/. 453 Ardenne 125 , i8o,i8x Aquittia, 145, 227 Ardevil defc. 404 Aquincum. 1 07 Ardfeart Ji Aquifgrann 127 Ardmagh 48 AjM/w/ne Ocean 193 Ardmeanucb 40 ArA-Lun,i 1 8 1 Ardra. I9i Arabia defc. 325", 342, 34?, Arelate 191 , lox 344, 34<^, 383, 383<5y>394 Argiro. 27r hrfatia 403 Ar/c/iot 187 krftcua 1^6 Arfinoa 348 Arj/notf 378, 390, foi Ar/?noe C/>, 377 krfifaca, 403 L' Artii 27^ Artaunum . 132 Artaxata 27 1» 3^4 Artitxf rxfj 1 9 3 > 40 1 , 40 3 , 40^ Artsxerxes Longimams ^91 Artaxerxes Ochta ibid. Artaxia 271 Arfaxiafau ' ibid. AWM 393 ArtemipA 349 Artemiftum 213 Artemita. 36 y Artemitida ibid. Artemitti ibid. Artepa 178 Anbejiit ibid. K. Arf/»«rj Table. 34 Arthufen '' y8 Anifiga, 481 Artigif 2 1 2 //rto« Frov rff/c. 178, i j 8 , Artrebictum 178 Arvenjls d' Arvst lor Arundel Sir Thorn. 1 1 1 Arvonia 34 ./^rw/zo .. ^ 301 ArxBataverum 170 Ar\eriim 3 5' 34^ 343 342 210 47S» •' /I • *'° A/«rf»i JO* Atabyria Inf. itji. 37 T Atek-Tau 4*0 Axerieth •'. J/O Athamania ■'• »7* AthanaftK* . , 494iJ*o Athdora J* At/:'?/ 408 ' Athemat DouUt, his Office, . ., 39<^ »A^V« , f '»77 Athenians ,4. •a7f Athenree • •' jo Athens dtfc. 277,178 At/;i«/ ^...1 ; aZ7 AtWowe •'' JO , A»*e/ •..< T>£ : 40 Athos Mori. .»74 AtW A. ron. won, jbid. AtJf 34* AtlmickOctSin 18, 387 4(fz » , r Greater\ 4i33 Atrecht 178 Atrib, Atribif 49 1 .Arfo/ 111 AttabalippA f43j JJ8 Atw/i« 3 JO A»43*v43y Avalhes 5 n Avdon 61$ 1616 Avares '■ loi, nj AV AU AV AU AU AW AX AY AZ n^ 198 ■y^%S. li.. r 501' 99 \ tv I9i) 1 f V >v 179 JU %•' ■201 l8o ^-# 200 ivu--f'»H Avaruw Avrfr/Vww AV4^J Av4U F/. A«iA Audomaropolii\ Avece Gurele Avenio -{"./• Ai'fwwtf - Avergne ' "' jivernus Lake Averroes . . -.„,^-5.r» ' 387 Avejnes i8o Augsburgh 138, 13 (5 ^«^ 23I4 240 irfafg«y?4 i37,I39j»»3»»»3i 2J7> »82 Auguftti Pratoria 240 Augufta Rauriaca 232 Augufta. Rauriacon ibid. Augufia Romanduorum 181 Augufta Taiirinum 239 Augufta Tiberia 138 Augufta Treverorum 129 Augufta Vagiennorum 139, 24Q Augufta Feromdnduorumj 194 Augufta Vinddicorwn 1 3 8 Augufta Fefjorum 1 9 j Auguftte Pucattcs 2 3 9, 2 40 Auguftanka 430 Augufta Burgum 138 i". Auguftine 484,48 y S. Auguftines Port 538 Auguftomana ;/ i^tf j Atiguftoritum 198 Auguftow - 87 Auguftus 27J, 17^, 339>49» Avicen 209,411,387 Avignon 201 ^f //it 2x4 Aviles 209 ^v/a 182 .<^x;v 222 Aulide, Aulii 279 Auliton n* AulochrenPons jyo ^«/o» 273 Atimale . . I9J Avogapa . . jtfy y^vo/i 240 Aurancbes i^j Mm mm Aurextum. 133 Aurelia J 37 Aurelian 3^ k Aurelius M. Pillar 499 Aureng-abii 3.i/i,-iz6 Auricl ijy AnrojohJ Fl. ■ 70 W«rHw Tebjuninn 101 -^«/ Ji7» 'mS Ayafdw^ 348 Aydracal Mon. ^6f Ayen J28 -^;'»'4<:^ ^ 394 ^^'totfly 3fo ^t^c 7^, 91, 38* ^t't^/ir yoi Axamer 47 y /f^/zw/^i • 393, 39f A\erbeyan J94 ^*^«i'' 471 Ayris 3^4 >^^o 422 A^orM fw/. i/e/-. 294^ yi9> ;3o> yj4 -r'/XOW •• . .' 91 Aiuages ■ ^ , 4?* . Bahsn ■/:*- ■pn^^i V BA R Bkvhara Bab-elnnn-d, Bibel .SS6, Babel-mandel Sab)londeic. 3?^, ^5^, J^3. 3 8 1, 3 93» 400*498 j Bitbylon Walls Babylonia 34^? 3 ^^ Bacalaos ^ ^^^ BzcckarMh " ij"^ Bacchus 410,414,41^54-0 ^(itcWx Theatre ^77 45)0 yio 4U 3^1 Bacenif Bachian BaSira, Bi&ria Baciriana Bacunthut Bad-Bay Badtfchian Baden 114 410 .4iJ4»i37, 143 i3o, Z3I 107, 33: 40 4n ?8z "3 497 109 ii7 sio ^i8, til 6'l8 484 3^<^» 3^3' ibid. 484 JIT i7f 3^^y 3<^3. 381, 393 3^?* 3T<=. 3<^3>38i> 393*398 Baj^emder j i ; Burendra j 1 8 B-i^hdat, fw'C Bigdat. Bagniigar ^i8 Ba^ne ds Tritoii Z54 tiagrttda, Bagradas 486 Btfkw^ fTf* <88 ,Bah>:rein Inf. 1^4, 40^ BiZ^w ie roi/w /ox 5'rfnWi', jf4> yjy Bahurs 66 Bat a de Todoi los Santos 194 Baia 154 BajA\et 1^8, i8o, i8i, aSj, 347, 350 fio I9f 199* -'^9 Bagidat BayaiA Bagcmidfi Bagamim Bagdad s^y, iB.?gJiK rfi'/j. 3Z7. 343 \BaiAeur?on " " " B.iiocajpum C'vit. Bajonay Bajoni^ Baxios d' huiia Baxhs d' Pracel Baf^ar Baliejfay Stray Bakiich Baliuy Bala Balabutra BaUcleigh Balagutr Bailor Balaton Lake Balbaftro Balch Baldae Bdda Batdhia B :J; 4^9, 4^0 402, 40($ 294 4I7V 4*0 34> 48 2^2 ibid. 419. 4?! 4ZI 44-» '49 134 40 J 420, 421 34 ISarchan Barchin Bantam defc. 295-, 2^5, 33 45> 154 4oy ► 01421 34 45 r 44jfr 455* 178 377 287 39 418 471 420 lOX 4tfi? 574 'J7X, '>f75 ^10 x'?o ;82 484 tiuhxii 10^, 113 Barchinoy Barcino, Bareino»y 207, 217 Bardaques 502 Bardes '••' 294 Bardiwicfi 1J2 Bardulia ■ ' 214 BarentoU 411,412 Barents 6z$ Bargeny 40 Eariga^a 418,424 Barlow Arthur 591 Sf. Barnab} 377 Barnacles - 41 Barnjtable ^08 Baroioe 2^4, ipj, 2y<», 418 Barouna i $6 Barraab 3 84} Barraboa 5" 2 8 Barthadefc. 388 Brfrri 254 Barroducan Frov. ii6 Barrow FL 44, 47 Barfienjis de Bars loi Barfiinovf " 88 Bartamont Gate i8o- Barthfeild 1 1 3 ,Vf. Bartholomew J6j St. Banholome-vs Inf. defc. »93» H^j y83 Barutil 35:3 Barwicfi 41 Bariodienfts de Bari$i loi Bi/ir 2ft^ B-J/J.* 381, 387 Bi(/&4« 361 fli//, Bi;j7/(?iZ 121, 1 3 1,22 i>, 230, 231, 233 B4//M .*^* Bafilienfe Concilium ibid. Bafilieripum Civit sbi^i Bafilopotamo 283 *t. Btf/^/j p-der 274 BafiliKs fohn 7 J Bi/Zc 231 Bajs Inf. • ' 41 E J 73 B<2tib4 482 Bathienjts de Bath loi Bathmonfter ' otf B4»ftor F. V ;s ^ Bathors 10 84 B> 408 Baticala 427 Baticalo 196 Battenborg 170 Batter 394 BtffM 408 Batuwe 169 Bavaria, 19, 134, 139 6i:x0y t/e Barbaria 487 B^y Blanche 293 Btfy e/ Bm/Zj «t^ Btf/ Flat fame 293 B^y ie /oj Trabaios f 47 Bettx 1 95 B4?4J 199 Badiljfcm 135 Beach-Hei^i ^48 Eeanchi 25:2 B^<«r /yZtf«i ^21, tfij Bei^rw 194, *i9 Bearsford 619 Beauce 194, 197 Beaufort 198 Beaumarijh 3 3 BecaniM Goropiiu 1 8^ Bff^m Fort 29> )iechriA ^jj BecliBl. 70,71 BfiA 473 Beduins 3P7 Ucemjier i66 Beiargar . 4H j M > m m 2 BE B«?5e 48(f Beglerbegs ■ 3n»3'^7 Beglerbeis with 5'4/<«7 3<}x Beglerbeg- r jfia. \ " y?<« J in \ Ewrc^e / Behaimer waldt Behat Ft, Behel-mendel Behemoth Beia Beija Bejoariarif Bejohemum Be/fher Belanjar Belbais Beled Elgered Belem Beletied Belfall Belgia Belgia Novn Belgiia prima Belgium Belgrade defc. Beliny)na. Belts Bell-IJle Bell-Point Bellac Beliegardia Betlefort BtUeropbon BeUo-Pola Inf. Bettomorifcta BeKffvefus BeUum Sociale Belluti Belon Belt Belth Beltfound Belturbet Belveiera, Belvedere Re/jsi Bf/? Ben Boiican Ben Mumh V>e,uier Aba[fi Bender majpn Bend 380 58X 144 417 • yi<5 224, 485 48 y xif Xf4 420 40S C04 224 6 18 48 ■ 196 6lXy 6ll 157 106', 2^7.272 230 47J 20Z 200 2X9 m 3fo 190 . 249 i47 f> 59 19 49 282 248 7, 490 87 472 . »J3 4cy 484 Btnefuiif mmmm BE BE BI B I P L BO Ber.efuaiJ . • joo Benejvef , ."" ' 497 5ffrtA(j//w/<« 6t Binbola Patan . ■ t9^ Boden\ee fl Eefancon 124, I2f Binini 3 ., . .'ni . Bo.ieniee L Bengala 194, i9f,4f7, 4^1 Befenege \ ' .• , 51^ Biologrod 9^ Boifeviit 'EengaU Gal^h 4*1 BeionsFl. 217 Btmiburgh ■ 70 Bvdir.comxi Ben^^Z - 343 Beffarabin 96', 381 Bipilipatan 196 Bodincomai Bengalcall • , 388 BejfiiFL 2r/;f ^ fSi Beverley ^08 Bifnegar ^ 196, 419 Boians Eerar 417,420 Bevertvicfi 166 Biflhumb 132 Boiaria Bfn/»' 141 Bey ■ 165 Biiirichia 98, no BoieariAm Berdi 127 Beybapti 88 Bifiricoenjis de Btji riei loi Boiennm RerrfO(t yof Bcyra defc. 223 BifuU ft. ,82 Boil Berea«x z^j Be^ecath 4^2 Bifurgif fl,. V 123 Bcivif^. Bf rew^or^ , 147 Be\eflecns - 2 /oo?n 1 8 j Biel "50; 233 Blaclienburg 1:6 Bologna i 'Rergufu , ii8 Biela ofera 79 Blake Gen. 4^6 Bobina 1 Bm-ir^ . 389 Bielejeiero :. 78 Blakenburg Fort 296 P 0/^.1 w "Berihere 466 Bieler Lake 230 Blancho Bay 293 Bo^nbay . Beriberfs 46 1), 481, yo8, Bielki 78 Blancmont 126- Bombay. Bfrigonum 40 "Bienna, Bienne 230 Blaniifl. 43» yi Bomi Her mice .^ 488, foi Biefciady, Biefcid 123 BUny Lord 48 Vionmel Btrite^ Beritiis 35' 3 Bietala 412 Blaveji. 138 Buna !'tr/e«(i 2J4 Bietsh^o 87 BUvet 1,97 BonA f^i Berlin, Berlimm 148 Bigla Cajiro 278 Bleking fj,( U,6lj6ti Bonhera Btrmudai Inj. Zi^y Bihorienjh de Debrte\in lor Bleyburg 144 Bonifac, Bern 199, ziy Bik^nar 420 BlOH 197 Boniuni £!tr'7prr*4, Berrha 2 7f Bima fnf 2 9ir Bockbolm 6S BonfwU Btrrulnrn 2 5'4v BincA ft. loy Bocon Inf. 196 Borvif- £frr/ 1,^4 Bimhy Binchium l8o Bodego Bo/ni / »' -N BO ff. yoo Bfldentiun: ,., 143 Bo/o^Wii ^t/-. 104 P 0/^.1 w 149 Bombay Ini. 212,295 Ro?//i4j' Port 418 Bowi 154 Bommel 12 J, 170 B«wiro:^ ,y ' ' 49 Bonfiojen' " 44"^ Bonifer 432 Boor • • Boratai Borbewnagiis Botchftenfort Bordehng Hore^uen Borgiii Borgo i7f 150 196 5-70 213 70 Borgo de CnjUVo ft i^fare BoriquenTnf. 293 Borifthenesfi. 82, 84, 87 89,408 Bormiofl. 2 3 4, "2 41 ^ormhomagus 130 Borneo Inf' a9^> 343» 344> 454,45' Boron ; j^o Bcrremean Inf. ^ >. 244 Bortiva. 213 Borujfia. • 84 Bo/«« » 381 Bc/nd j^. . , ;(J2 Bffnajerai " ibid. Bo/>?4 jerjium ibid. Bofnath 106 Bofnia dilc . 1 8, 20, 152 Bojphorui ^7-) 271 Bo/ni . ;8i Bo//i« . 2^2 B0/^6H , itor»o>V 194 Bo«'"./t?(i«'"« J 99 • 'BO BR Bowrg ■ ' • . t^^ LeBiirgi St. Morice 238 Bowrges 198 Bourgogne > ,, • 1J4 Bo«rw»g: ^, .\^;.,jwi Bottt4«" 434i Bouton J^ing d. dafc. 421,422 B(j;/tf fo Boywe^. 40, 44, 4*5, 47 Bojnoderi 8 7 Bo^o/o 24T, Brabant defc. i ?8,i 82,1^7 Brabantines 182 B><:(r4ft^' ibid. Bremerverden o ibid. Brff»7^4«en i Jo, 233 Brenner Pyramo 1^3 Brennoburgum 1 48 Brennm ipo, lyo Brejcu 147 Brejlavf 8(^, Mjiy? Er»^f/ 87 Brf/f ii?4, ij^^, 19^, (;i4 Bre/I County 239 Brifwerj Pxjl'dge >■ +9 Brexf;/r 48* Br/Wi? f«/. 88 'Bti.incon 200, t>l Yhhhinia 34 Br/^^e lov^n rfe/i; 57a :A. Bri^^^ef 48 Br/e^ . ■ i57 Br." /^ 1^4, rif7 St. Brieux 197 'Brfgnntes 43 firigavtinus Liicus 138 Brigamio 100,101 Brigantinvi 109 Br/a i Ifles 19 E»/x/.f 14^, 147 Brixi,inum iiC Brixellum 144 Br/xf« 14^ Brocf^nsbirg 1 1 3 Bredra z^y BR BU Byflowj-iroo T.-'eaty - ^^ Broudra 418 Browerjl}aven . i ^7 BrH^fi- '178 Erw^w Women " ibid. Rr««o 1^6 Brunopolit zji Bruttj buttle - J 7 Br««j-t7|; ifi Bruffeh defcy 182,183 Brtt^e/j Channel ibid. Brurm 27 y, 349 [iruxelU i8z, 183 Bua Jnf. i6$ Bubajiif 491 Bucareffit 97 Bucephda. 274 ?,ucephalus 419 Buchar 417 Buchavf 137, 139 Bttchen 134 Buck i are A - jor B«c/>or« 139 Buchoviii 13,;. Bttc/!^4r 4'io Bmhjngham County ^00 BMi34 Cttfar 1 iiy, 48^,191 ^ulim J 275, 300, 301 Citfar Borgia 214 Cafarea Netv ii''^*^ C Ji<5 CagaioH 4J7 Cagliiri . 258 C&jania. 69 Cajenburg ibid Caiervis , • 34 C?;^'<« . '" r*H C*/«»g '440 Caire Indian 418 Ci/>o GciJWti 344, 381, ^tf'4 490, 491, 494, 497, 498 Ctiroan 48J, 4837i C.iladejc. 371 Ct/ 394 2Z2 344. 4^7 IJi 211 109 427 Calicut 344, 427 Calidonian Wood 40 Calidonii 3 ^> 43 California 445, J 8^ /'-f f ' /Bridge\ 254 ^''^'i'«/''^\siipperj^ 300 Caliphs of Babjion 3 5 0,3 57 Calixene 492, foo 0//44^ Canopian Oji'uue 464 Campia J 00 Canovii cjiiuH 3 4 Cant^ibria 208 Cantt'rbiiry 3 1 Canthapii de[<:. 417 Canton • 544, 441 /-Catholick^ ' C4»r9»x^Mixt f^so ■ • CProteftant^ Cavtcrimcivit. 238 Canto^i jo(? Cjy, 2^!^, 507 Creiis de Creitx Deile Gatte Defire Dejoiuticrt Farewell Figtda Florida FormoJA Qallo Gibnlter ■ 203 218, 219 377 ^49 61%, 619 ■ 27<^ J43 ro7 . 283 209 -/o Mjtrapin Monday Hon North Ocem Palmas Pe:!as de los Peruti St. Pifino di P.itr.ir t'-ii-e Pim^M .U Quires ■ Rom. I in ^chilli Sn-r.! Leone Snm.t) i'Drmie Tf-sf^/ger \.*^t. I'incenti 4iJ2, f 3^ . ': ir- ibid. 294 y86 224 - ^8 17 5'49 474. J'04 17. 47? J67 203 209 377 281 yo7 £18 282 soy fi'. 282 2U »i4>fJ4 ^ \rir^in '\J)f li'hirhviyhis C -perrvaca ji. ' Ctifex Capes Giilpir Capei/ne Race Capha Capbcrus Prom Capkfi CA ^^h ^i-h i9r, 4(^2, J-OiJ, j-jj- J 4:-' 48T 487 287 JO]. CapitanieofRto^-anviro.^^< Capnameof st.l'incent MA Capitol Cappadoc/.t Caprara Ir,j. Caprancaa Caprar^a Capria W Caps ;■■ - Capud Capuchins Caput hlLum Cara Cher/is Caracal/a Emp. Caracioles Caradenguis Caradene Caragars Tartars Carahemit Caraldorod Carallis Caramania Carofnbice Inf. Caramit Car ami t^ ,^j. Caramon shaflmn Caranga Fort Carjju Carajii fl, Cdratue^ Ca^avaca Caravanfera '■ ■ Carble i^^^^^ Carbon ji "^ " , Carcaffi^ Carda!}jiiffi ' Cardia Cardigan Cardiopolif Cardovan 248 346 ii7, 241, yjj 2 61. = *7, 241,^31 : : 487 . .• (2T4 197 yoy 368 3U 368 3fr 410 3fr 70 2y8 347 3H 43^ 90 3J0 5'8^,r'^2 212 * 2^7 yo 28(f 4if ^73 33»3r 273 201 Cirelic ' 3<4 ■ €A .t'A CkrelU ■_ . Cdrels Haven Cartlflat Cdrtmu - 1 Qarterma, Qarialnf.^ * Caribbe Inf. Carifk (- aricli fergus Caricfi Mac Griffn Caridia Caries fl. Cttrins Carintbia loy, 3f4i Cdrffto^ Carijius Cmtm fl. Carlingford Carlijle bay Carlotte C'arlovafy CarmagmU Carmanix CarmanioU Ga''marthen Carmelites w , . Carmeriacum Carnates, Carnaticx Carni 70 6i Uid. 37f,34^>3J 287 166 46 Mi 378 37r 240 .39? '240 33 3?7, /.f44 Carrick Prumrujb Carry-^ard tsjiights Carsy Cdrfe Carter A Cartagar datKM • Cartagena .. v' CarteJa ' ' ' ' Cartennee 474^482 Carierdt Sit George 6.0^ ix Cartha ' ■ " '' \.'zii Carthage 48 j, 4§ 8)584 3Jf4 yo, 71 31^4 428 212 211 lOtf, 144 Catthaginians Cartbeia Carthuel Canhueli Carvaneas Carvauna 394 :•) l66f 141, 144 f^ 4^1 Ciro/o Kegium 187 Caroljiada ' ,68 Caretani 2 1 8 Car pater -..no Carpates Monf 113 Carpathian Mon. 88, 97,100, »'.* , ^ iP4>.,iQ,346,, 3/^; 57<', 37,l;>394,4oy Otffachy Horda 4.10 "Cij3»n4er ... v» ,, »7y C^ajfarix 408 Ci^ Emp. .447 Gtjl^/j- andits 3 batt. 177^ C!rtgwer^*,4: fc.. 4i7,i»9> Cajfubii ''■'* .iJl, Cafiatn ' 2 1 o CafieUa cAttorum ist Jlerm-' tiim '"' '_ ■; jj"4' CafieUa del Or f 4ir',y^t"' Caftettani lyo Cajfellani ,. 21^' CaftelU Territmum civ. itS' CaftelUuk and its battle 177 CAftighne 24jr CafiileGelden defc. f«^t' Cajlfle Tlaveia \oll 114^ Caftilia \JanutvaJ'nev0 1 Vf ', Cajlitlonis Princeps ■ ' 127' Ci^/e 274' Caflle-bar ' . ..io! C*^/? Nov* CW'* Bonenfia Ca,1ra Regina CajiH Cajttiferrenps de -f^i- 281 Sar-aar - . ■■.'ip>' C<#oDutchjr ^ 2fo' CapjoGiffvanni ai:d ifisMines >/4 i?-i7, 27(J •ibid. ■a9>i , 40 .*7f 284. 140. CJjhodiMaina ": , Calhim Britqntim . \ Cajtrum Gaballionenfe 27? iQaJffum ^uvdvenfe- '^sfrum Macifccnenfe !(^'f>;/(!, CaftuloA^. at^batha "■,., Catl^mia, Cdttiaunia ■d'ejc. ii6, H7, 218 Cat ana 158' C,atdro and its Gulph 5^3 Cat at trie 3^^ Caierlough 4f» 4f C4t^4>'/«4 Cornel ii 378 CitW 79,412,413,438" S£. Catherine Catholico's :'ii N nna Cattalones Catti CattJans CJtuchomer Cdtwicli \ i92 I Qtnoi Elbogen 4» 49?, 48 y, •♦?< 21^ J2T 134, iSfi X.-t'.xVi CA CE C4(«/f« Fmm 3 7 1 9 409 C4S4u0m.¥9n. 343« 3 f 0,3^3, 3tfy,3«<.3^8, jri Ctuci 43 CdMConis . x92 Cavtn4{fb Ufx f4?»J*»> Ctvendijb 5it 3*«». J5 ! . CdviU "'■■ 47^1 47* Caviltoniim ■ '99 Ctfvwr 4f7 Cauntdefc. 4*4) 4or Cdunaxa bait. 401 Ctitrcrafi. j*o <^«rox /»/. . ' ^ ,ii9 (f4V)|/tf '■■•'■'■ 174 Caxdnjlca -, Xf* C«x«* 31H Ca](emJnf. »^3t$^x Cdj^nna S.fo Ctjemt ' r73 Cq/itrfl. ,: 348 C»{iri« 408 (S^fcywA/f. 3j)7, 403>4«4 CffAyCdfcumiCeUnum 2,40 4ti8f C#(>• ' 143 OintU 140 CtmeUntunt ibid. ttmeltm ibid-. C«««» nx Cnabum 197 4|hiRftr itfen. 237 €«««m«i7MrMi (ivi'r. 1^7 CB CH Cnmntt . '.^'3 CtfhdlonU ftf. ^47)^91 dephiSs Locus >r^ Ctphifiitfl. X79>»^ CtpUpmfts de rrtpuff'. ioi Ciraflit Inf. iefc. 37^, 377* 3T8 CertnnU 176 Ctrbvrin -a 83 Ctrcttm Mon, ' ' " 3 74 CercmffiMon. "^ xjj CerdoM ' ti7 Cww 173 C»fex's Temple 178 Cw/ei ' a7y Ceretum ' '" X19 Cerigotto fceglio 190 Curinest Cerinium 375 Cerne J33, J39 CtrmU 176 CerftfplH 184 C'rrvu 949 Ctrycm Aftw. ' 27? Cr/kr ^M. 123 Ctfariitum Hdvdlt^ 194 C«ri^i», Cethinay Tnf defe. i76, 377> 378 CniuMcn, 123 C(V4 :^:4t> Crv« msnbhnitui 2 39 Cevtnntt ry4 CevitKA 3f CettM 473 C9/M J»/. «r/^. 2^3, 244, i9*>4Jo>tOiJ4 ChsbdU 371 CMirirr^MafTacre i:?»,i38^ Chaburee 4*9 C*4gr# jtf2 Otf/(iri0iiand its Council ^/. . ' 347, 348 Cbaidtd 34#, }J4 Cii/0if xf8 Chdtjfhtn }f2 Ci^Mlj'fttniM Wiiic 401 04W ■ Jf* CH Cihtm of Tdrury 3 43, 4T i CbamhiridcumjChdmtrituiHi Chdmberjf 237 Chdtnfdgnt 194, i^« Cbtmfe Mon, 413 Cl^tfff4 |»r» )f07 Cbdncm " '. ' 434 Qbdnddy ^fi Cbandran 444 ChangUe Cbitft 3^4 Cbdngte 440 Cbdngxa ibid. Cbanoury 40 Chdnoine SetdUi 243 Cbanque 438 Cbdntt 440 Cbsocber 442 CfrM^rng ibid. ICbdcnid '-^ 176 ICbdraffdt '.'■'' 49? Ci&tfrc^tfnti 487 Ltt Cbdrcds J>rov. jf^ Cbdrefen "39^ Cbatetts 37f CAtfr/M Count, y^x, j^y C^/rxFort 618 Cfcir/MTown j7»/o8,j9o iCi^/r/IV. Emi*. iitf ;C**r/M V. EttlJ>. io8,'ii7 Ci!Mr/» the Great f4, 107, ii IJJr Ciftife> Chdib ... 473 Chfcara 487 Chtcodefc. 1 4J4 ChtdwUwmtt %9i Che •■.- 44» Cft<3re . >ox CJhehelmhidf 401 Cbiifues Arab. 467 CheckUng . 43* GWw «7 Chelmsford tfo8 Oretondtet Prom. tSz • CAe/w* '>i3 Ofreww 490 C*«»px 3J» C*«J /«/". ... »89 Cher a fc to : 140 Cherbourg 191 Cherbour^hVfidc ijjr C*«-^e5 497 C*> Re4i ^r I«i/» ibid. Chtarenna xSx CbUrtidta > 411 Chiarenus 1X34 C*«<:ot ' ■ 447f Chiebefierfi. «oo ChidianiUjamA jfpx CJ!«>/ef« a.8} Dii?ncfo)i ie/ir. 441 Cbi*rdfs9 2 40 CH |C*lVti4Hf 441 K. C»/7ier/(it depp(«t tyt CWW i/f/f. f f, x^i, |4f, J47»Jfo Chftti 441 Cbilmanor ^ ^ .j 491 Chitenium fj Chimin* x7tf|3fo Chimti 160 C^/mraePort x^i China defc. xj?4, X9^, 337, 33?»34o, 343>344»4«8, 43^, to 444.^ CAwM Policy 398 China its Wall 411, 413* , 437 China Inf. 488 CbinaUa . . ^' y8t CJhinan 439 C4>/»co X9< Chinefe Char alt ert 439 CWiw/m 437, 438 Cib/M^4» 44X Chingehtn 440 Chingtien ibid. Chiming 439 Chingyang 44® Chinyreng 44X Chi^Inf defc. 374 Chieggia 247 Gib/Vtf 283 ' CW« Ja/. rff/c. 374 Chipecbe 37; Cbiraguanes 5;x CMrmain 3i^4» 39f Cib/m 4x0 CW»or 417 Cbitpotti 4x0 Cft«-o X7f Chiutaie 347 Choaffif fl. 40X Choim 371 Cholchis .^66 Chomadienflr " io\ Ch^an^efl. ■■_ $9^ Cborafan ,., 408 C*eA« ; 88 Choterin 96 Chous 42 y Cboutait , • 38 i C^t'^rj ^408 N n an i CH Gf 4 KJ>rtftiana i^f Chrifiianopk ^», tf^ CbrtfiianofoUt «|f Chrifti^iis Kaflacfftd and Uain 4^8, 493, ^94 0^r//f/4iu%r^Caftia aK Cbrifiiem ot 0/ir«6fuxj^ ft Cbrifliern I. ^t Cbrijliern III. , <>• ChriftiernlV. iUi. Chrijiiern-dirf 6t Chrtjtierns Haven i?o Chrijiitrn Pries jf | Cbrtjiiernftadt .... i^» Chrijlini Inf x^t Chrtjiopher Columhut . . x jt 9 St. 4:briftpphers Inf. 19} defc. f 39, J73, i9f ChrtjUpoti 278 CbrMKtfl. • •» Chryfites 'v »78 ChryfthorcA • 4x0 Chryforheasfl. SfOyifiy^ff Chrffial Mount 4^;, 4^f Chryfusfl. ip^ Cbucheu . \4|,f Chulmia , ; ;^|^ Chutula ' )i^if ChuproInf f„ Chunking 44* Cfr«» 233, in. F/. ?7o Church-EJtattt '. . / 348 Churdiftan jf^ ^ : 3W CwV' 3PJ Chufafa 47^ C% and its Battle 3; 4> C/y»; i8i C*/rrtf ' 281 Cianeus fl. 7^41 Cianifcarif^ I^id, pff » W4 Cibnmm .^^iv ...jjtf C/&»/tf ' ' ' jtjtf I C'«'''f . .. 487 pceros Head its pr.ce 30© Cicu'eott iifcifi* yf Ciculi qtf Ciftra 4Bt •f VkJ Ciktio 447 1 Citkti ."^ 34^, 37tfJ CiUeh^r ' xjrf | 'Cima itnnmtt fdnH* X74J CmH defeat k i jf, i39)Xoi Ct* CN CO ■•■n.. Cimmtmn ^ofphtrm Oimtnerium Mare . 4 'tV,l 9t, 44* J77; 408' > 440 4JX 43 J 37* 3?J Cinchtu Hmottr Oingit (hauH • i^itigtu Vinnsnien-Vfee Cinofttt Ciol^anque Cirummc Virean Cindjparu blaclirartars^Of 171, 3 481 'CinelU yfme 150 tiniM ; 487 i^trcintiat • ' ' '' ibid. iW»^/M of the Empire 119 Cmcatha . 400 C/rt4 5P«//« . 484 C/rt&« ibid. XirynU ^76 Cinhdtron yfon. 178,279 either a Inf. »47 Cirtw Free and Impe. ixr j fitu di CafteUo iso ^ diaa Invitta T41 Cittd Notabile ibid. ' Citta Nrja 147 > Ci/ftf yimrl<^ y.4< j Vituorura Jn\. 'io4j Vivare 137' Ch'iJa/ io5 ■ 441 ^^^4>^8 178 »34 117 4^4 282 ibid. •.i: CUfqUHtn Claude Inf. ■^' f * Claudia U Claudippelit ClauJiue daufemburg CUufuUe CUveiiy Clavenne Cleef Clemens Alexani. Clementii Clem9u^((i Cleopatra 3^7, ^6€,^9iy49i Cleopatris io\ Clepidava > 87 Cleremtnt 200 Cleve67y 127, I3V49»»7^ Cleves and ^uliers 67^ li^ CJija defc. Clfjl'ura Mon. Clodion Clcgber Clonfart Clonijh Clonmel Clipbae Clota Clove Inf Clunden Ctufa, Cliife CtteveriKs Cluydfi. Ckemides Coa Inf defc. CoamA . Cobi fl. Ceblent^ Coburg Coihe defc. CtDchin Coehin china defc. 433, 434 K. Cochilatius Coct^ings Sound Ceoia CocytutfL Ceeiievfs Cedours fl. Codunut finoi Ctelojyria Coeverden Cofe-Berry Coga 2^2, 2<>3 X67 181 49 JO 49 ' ■^■'4^4 40 4^9 ' -. 238 • ^2 34,.39»4C »8o r 404» 37f 46 f 166 122, 129 J*' 147 29^, 4*7 CO Ctgemine 294 C«ni 347, 349, 380 Ctldafa 348 Coimota 222, 213 Coin fee ^ibn^. Coiogna 27; Ctf/>e 233 C«V» I2X, 135 leCol de Partus 218 Cola 6iy Colaicum "> 4x8 Colanamicli • . •" ii58 Colania 39 C«/4/ 427 Cfl/Art-^ 149 Colthicum Mare i^ Colt bin 427 Colthina Gulph 28^ Co/(i&«r 3rfy, jtf^f, 368 Coldana \ 39 Coldingham ibtd. Co//6re • 219 Colima 'y J79 Colleton fl. V,' v'JJo C*IUnia Inf. 37^ CoUime, CoUiure 219 C0//0 .> 484 CcUopsniagnue 484 St. ■ Colmans Tomb, 1 43 Colniar ,\ •'J 3 1 Co/^io^oroii 'r 78 C«/» 128, J 48 Go/tfft'* '^ -'1 J03 Co//«»2^wt«J Chriflop. 373,^34,' • J4», y^y, 5ih57h 591' Colhmne cct »P4 Citoww Of/)fi« »«7 9y 380 Cmba >;tf J48 1 CmdLac. 244 »», 113 1 CmacenusLac. 234 , Cmachio 249 »7r 1 CmageiiA , 3f 1 ^31 1 Cmaitigim J 84 I, IJtf 1 0»r«7i% ■ Cmtjhaw 401 iWi 1 Comino Inf. « J41 Cwwnwi. 381 , XI>7 ■ Como Lac. 134,144' ^ il9 ■ OJW«r/£o J»yi ^293 V y^o ■ Complutitm X i y 116 ■ Cmpojietia ^ y8» 219 ■ CmumLec. '■'.'" 144 484 ■ Cinachia 49 4S4 ■ tiCtncepio TJ 1,184 '45 ■ Cwc* fii l-^l ■ CORfOri ^08 'X- - 7» ■ Concordia comitat 117 B> J4S ■ Cflworif Temple ijo t loi ■ Condate 1^7 ' 128, ■ On^e 180, 4f I i5r ■ CondeUJd 45-0, 4fi 7>5/8 ■ Condivincum 156,197 29 200' H Confluent es 119 129 ■ (ilongodtfc. i94,i9U*?6i 20 r ■ 401,, 4tfx 342 Cophtiis 293, 1 9 4 Cophtes . JO! Cophysfl. J 417 Coporio 70 Co)>rof ■ . joi Coj);2;(i 491 Cora-atch '. i 4? 3 Cor<»»i /»/. • *94 Cwtf/^M 394> 397 Corafon Coraffiin Coraxfl. Av. 3rrf /«/! rfe/?, 2^)% 291 Cordellier Mon. 55^1 Cor dor a -210 » rordovants 47? '^orduba 204, jf2 >.^oreadefc. 443 Corfnif 488 Coretine fl. . jfo Corfu Inf, 2^7,121 C«« ■ '■• 344 CO ibid. Cor/i »33 Coriandii t ' ^ -43 C0f/ntib 282,285 Corinth Bay 282 Corinthio 28f Corinthians 28^ Corinthus 283,28? Corifopitum 197 Corii n, J8 Cormandel X9j, 29 Corofiparet •' yj7 Corou Inf »5'3 Corregienfis principatm 2x7 Cori^tf rfe/f. 40 X Corfaci f. 39$ C«r/rfir* 287, 28<» Cer/cfc/j , 398 Cor/?M 19,227 Inf 2 3fi, 241,258 Cortacha 43* Cortes 5:77, y78 » y7p,f8os y8i CorMffifr 2 Of Cor«o • ' no C07 , ■ ^ V8 Corimbia Inf defc. 375, 37 an V.' ■ 191 $1 ■ 444 11 S, to 300, Cngu^ Mtn. Crainburg Crtmxvorfi. Crdnbt$lifi. CtMlAmr Cripttcii mm. CrapattH Crgffo Cr/iffia Craffiu the rich Crsvenfl. Crawftrd Crecie i^reHiA Crembs Cf^enfeTemtorium %tt Cremmx 145 Crmfs ^6 Cremfir i^6 Crtpicwii Msnhitn fty Creta Inf. defc. 191 Cretan Sea 169, 2^7 Crete Inf. defc. 291 Crrh'^tn Sea X69 Creuftnac^ 1 30 Crim 8?, jo, 91 Crim Tartars 90^ j«f ictf i i8* *06 415, 4** ID* 401 194, 196 a44» »47 14J 0^« nndf^ 4tfs. in. ♦«»» 1 C«W(f# tkV [■.va'y^l^ Jiff >.A< .♦'3 C«r}f. •W-^J74 Crifoea '• '-r^. C«rjf« Cr$ati* itfttS » i> J, t*i j Ciirtff f# Dj/; .•.•.J\«:v.-. a^; Crpatisnt i -^ *v 79 CjaraSm «i^- I«# Cr#ff« /I. x^^ . M. i4k Ckratii '■■ lf« Crxodik 4f4»49t Curd 3r*»3*»,3«'i Oefm ., :;. 347, 3 JO CurdiiH Count 389 Owrf J73 OirdHim 3*»»3>f St.OMx/f. ; ■.^ s>V#l4 Oiria »33 Omerfy i,-- 40 Cjtria Mkrid yt8 Ormtium, ;"• lit Curia's Prom. VfOlKjr 30^ Crtnebtirgh 70 CKrwVbi-afsJ Omenbwrgh f9,*o,*x OtrlaU '^•7i/8y Oonjlat Cnfs Rud 97 Curta to7 ^ #13 Curfolari Inf. ' tji aifen 1J7 Cirxpta • X6f Orwnerum Ajfaum til Cufco ^ 0,. * MJi ff* Off pit tnf CrjptMlnf. ?4 ♦! 375 ibid. Cman CuMran 188,^47 OefipbM ^V' il6 CuMci '- ..*?,♦ O^rnf 348 Oadag, . ibid. Cmaige :'. .t4T. Otimafl. 4*M»J Cutaye .; ibid. Cuba Inf defc. »^3> J<^<^ Cme V, ibid. OAagua J*3 Cutembach • '■' 149 CuheU 188 Cuth 993 Ouhimatlanet 583 Cu$bu Mofet 378 Out Inf. 439 Cnycli 18* Cuenca ' xif Cyek >9 Cui Gnitty 47 Cyclopes i^*. 1J8 Ctdavia «4»8j Cyelades t88, 289 Cuidad Real 103, 104 Cydmutfl. jy* Cuirtfco . 240 Qiw X>0 Cuifa Xulhtacans 481 OUene a8x " J«i Qttene Men ?8* CtUenbmgh . 170 Cyneras ' ' ■ ' 377 CiUiacan . 58i St. Cyprian ■ • ' 48r CuUembach •'• '33 Cyprus Inf. defc 544,37*, CnUera , aiz 377, 378, 381 Culm 8f Cyrefie defc. 488 Odmre Fort 48 Cyreniaea ^ 497 Cuma ■ »f4 Cyril 494 Ctonana 5*1 Cyrinus Inf^ xy8 Cvmanians • .5?.^ Cyropolit 371, 406, 41 f Cuntanus campm ibid. Or^cata 400,411 Citmerfei CmtftH *34 Cyrrba i8x 28s Cjrui 377, 40* Cmtum • 140 Qyrm fi , 3*3. J*^?, 394 Cuneum Prom. ■ ■■.•■'''■ t%4 Ca*fii Grand 43^ 37*>393i 34*.348»3yo, Cungebani 400, 40X,4otf, Otnmxs .. «• Cyfeletb CY cr DA nM CyfiUtb Cjitbera Inf. Cphemt Mon. C^enfochovf ' C\fnibm C\ongr4i Cyffk ' » Iff ■) % "vV «f xoi t04 >7 DimHifi Lake J>4»tO» ' Z>«Nirot4 Damville DsmviUerium Am Tribe Danaut w D. tV «f 4^4 ■39 Jfo 491 ibid. I9f Sll 160 »7'r 4»o 490 DxMwfi. 89, 9^, no, III, iif,«3» IJ6, X30, » 3f J Dadian 369 Daialua * - ifo Pafsr iefc. ^90 Dage{fin, jyAght^n TdfUrs 371,37* Pagemeftrt DM ' J>al» Sir Jhm. Vahbcrg Dsiicarlis SaUm DaUt Gife DabnatU Vim Bmant p4maf SHrndftnt 7x *7f f4 f>3 ^8 . •■ *9 • 187 ■ m 4tiia Dancaim- Dnubutg 508 fro ;8, <;x,x96 f4 4*3 - ^96 84iwM ixi, zxi, 138, 140, 141, ir9,x<7 Datiubm al. Danavf fi. X03, XOf, xotf Dntrvittiers 181 D4^»e 3fi D^-ii ' 399 Ddrbmfl. 28^ DsrdMels i7i» J47» 348 Dardanels of Lep(mt0 itc D/ardaHia x88 Patl-mtltc 371 P4^tf 504 ^mivrigum 197 P4r««s K. 93, 9f» »7o» »78, 3yo»3f^»49» P4ri«i Cpdmantu 49X' J9«rf Id N«ti&M iiffd. lUmftadt 131,134 PMni 43 Dmrtmouth tf«8 D^'-l'off' friftbe-Haffe ifo 17 Xji" X74 181 *?3 »^W37 I9*» t94 Wo« »7T, xM JfnHaght ^,«.,> •i*4| Penarufl. rv.-»4a'- Qenkea .';-^ Jl« Penbigb ; 33» J4 Per^aU fi^ DenU tit H^nUfl. • ftO& Pmgu pMtnsr^ iS, I :> icEB 9>^ "k«» J4* " ' \ J J» to DemtrliPi:. .' rt47 Sulknttif t ' rjs Depqny ^ohn ^ . fSf Deguin ^ Iferbent 371 4*4' . 37i> 4«^' Perfit 71 Veribm ix- 144 Dertpfs ii7 It'pejiree ij>3 Jkpre Port 'y47 Depre Prevoies . wdit JkftHond Count. . \ «r,iK' y.i ^i^o/tft/pn Land €\x t>ejfam 147 Deffiada • J74 Devana 39 Dintalion : ^ i 170. Daventer 170- ^[evilsnioutb •V^' 'yi Jii*l(M ^ 414 Ditlcos . • 4«4 J)iand's Temple 278; 1,8^, ... - ; 34«> 401 Viankutn ;. 2J2. pidnium .1*3 BiAquhes \, v ^:: 'fja- Piofbecfi '59f ^iafbeefi 343y«f ^W¥kfhPi»kf^^y 3H, Diargument 3^yr38Q -V-. .-fy^ DUvandorow Inf. •tM' .4*7 pibrA. .: ,V273 Pieci jkitture ^:.V ^vaj j Pilfamnum I ago Pilte Mon. ..•; ibidi VkU Oir:l>Oi > 4;! Vido Pidymus Piedenhoven Pi^o Rtis Inf. Piemens iv4?4 f\uM8l S>i» . 'T '.i-'^h Piemens Anth. land. Piepe Piepbolt Pkft- Phfiheim PiSLafbfl. Pig/ligy-rteur Pign* Tovvtf Pijm t , h-' i Pilemon PiUeborg PUfenberg ■ PHling PimhritdA Pinevour Ctft. Pinfean I^ingixlee : : Diwie Dii^elfpiel Diniguttit Dintgetid ; Dinpgutid J Dinorigriyt Diocefif Trevirenfts Jiioclefian "Dioclejian MaflaCre "Oioiori Inf nhdorus Siculus Dioiihe'^ BicmeMinf Diomedes , Diony/tfipelif Dionyfiur » Difjcwidi Diojpolk Diptfa Bfnx " Difpargum Dtlforum X>itbmer/ia IDHit Buffetatu Ditio Ecclejia ' Ditio iMgni Ducif HetrwiA Diufvttnft. ^ ^vi..Vif.4il ! 6X'^ 191 116 od 'ibid. v3-434' .•::' '■34«"^ y» 168 ibid.' .ibidi. 27f 493 494- 39* vr if 9 187 2(^8,419 ■-'■i >-494 »',-^ y28 348^498 .28J 1 1 >\jf. ibid. ••447 P^l'\ M7 : A', .ibid:- f \i7T 124 382,390 '»/ 374 ^ 172 »7I 467 42 1 ^ .V 429 176 »94»»9r 2^5 . 186 >^) 39,-79, 3'<^f, , -■. : \. y^ >.:... ^ A 'Hoi Diuki^ 17* Dms 'HWW'^'^WIPIBiP' ipnanpi ■■M 5 44^ 410' m - fit 8y,8 ' V > ibid. J?«»4/ i7^ Dvmne , 58 Dmnet»ricli 1. ; > iWd. Drift: .--^r- 1x3 Drabus >i <( : lof, lotf Dracona . »78 DracuUP. '.^ -r '. j7 Pr4gKt 487 i)r*te Sir Fr. f47, y4^» ff9, f^f»j8i, j8repMutn - ifg, i8i Dfifden defc. 1x3, 147 Dreubfperg 113 l^r^tf a73 Drimago ■ a(f8 Drinax . a?? Prixtf ibid. Jhmure ^ 48 Jhvmim AchiUis $1 Drtntheim 66 Vroquedagb ' ^6 Jhiiids ^4, 40jr,42i Drumntdragb 49 Pr»/f»f II): Drufo-Magui 138, 139 Pr/opM 871 Dryepk i'7S Duacim - 17^ Dubdu ' - 473 Z)ai//n ■ . ' 43 Dubo 44^ DMtf ■ ' ■ 4Z.I Du(4la Prni,' , V .■':*■ 47^ DU T V IDimliJonia . ' . ,\ $7 , // Ducato di Brace Uru tji Ducatut Caftrem/is %x6 Ducttfu ftmrienfis ibid. BifcatHt Montantti xz7 DncatKs M^te ibid. Dtuattts fimioUnenJis zt6 Dutatus Mirandulit itj Ducatuf Montit Ferrati zi6 DucatKt Month Ferrgri 1x7 Jhuatiu MutinenJJy ibid. Ducatus Parmtnjit C PU- ctminus ibid. DucMtdi Khegitnfis ibid. DucatKS Sabaudta 216 Ducatus Vinetta ibid. Ducatus Urblni ibid. Dutnt 171 Duema X 99 Duerftede ixx JDHeras ft. xxi DKercfl. xo|, 104, X07 Duinl^erlf^ - 176 DuUburg IXX HfilcigM x6j Dulcinda Deicrt ^9S. VuliHrium Inf. 191 Duhabat 4x4 Dumbarum $9 Dunafl. 7i)8x Dunbar ..liij? Dunblane 40 Dunbrittm $9 Dunctnwm .47 Dunca\(i fi8 Dundalli 46 Dundee ^ . 40 Dundrum 48 Dunemberg 7i,> 84 Dunfreit 3? Pwi^^ 4Xf Dungannon 49 Dungarvan ;x Dinnkeljpitl 138 Dunkirk ^76 Dmluce 48 Dunagal 47> 48 Dunnmr Cnji.. 40 Dunquerka * 7^ Dm ReWa . 40 Dunum ■ 43 P«MciBay t8o Oooo DU DY DZ EA EB EC Durandt >» .£ ft* ^wm* . X7 3,174 X?«r*ttjr ; ^;.X8)f I>«»7> ^. 20J^ iOKb 107k^ Durin^e ' 14,7 Duringer 133, Duringer rvaldt .. x»4 Durlach %. 137 Dumocli 4» Duncortuni 196 Durecortorum ib|d. Duroftadium \-r i6% Dur^atum , ,. ibid. Pj Duvine^ '_ -) y 7| Dvfina fl. ' , 8» Duxbury / :^ ^t Dujitibury ; ix7 DuyveUnd ■' ' i6f Dyme Dytnnia Dfmifia Inf. Dyrrachium Dyfma Inf. Diwina fi. x8x ♦ »7f »8i» *7J 44J 8x E. ... . EAgle of Regit Afontanuf IJ7 E^i^/e Wooden * 133 Eaji Friefiland i3f Eajiham 6o9 Eaji far fey 601, 6oi EajUand Fleet f ^ £4/ier» Pr;»fM their PoHcjr 38^ Eblanx 43, 4f. Ebrpfl, jof,aiy,xi7 Ebarum ifjf Ecbatana j^^ €BF E6'£1EK:£L 419, 34> Bthinsdes Inf. 1kl(har Ecs-mii^in ' fdetbeti E*A • "Edinburgh Mfto fi. 'B.mius M$n. iimiKl I. lih^ard II. Miftrkiyin Wierbtitun E/e/tf ^. EM * l^,btrt K. 1^'ntf Gulph .aSg E^/n<( /n/. ibid. I^liton Caflle 40 igmyf. 113, 141, ijy B^r/^w ft/. ^ Ciu x%7 iQfpt defc. from 48?,to 503 E^/t«j 383, 3»y, 4*3 "Eiatia.mons t76 Eichftadt 133 E/37j ^X4 39 J 90 ai8 38y 34 394 34(f 348 71 III y8 f,idftberg Einehofven "Binebacbri fjfenach lifinbatb tipbm li6 280 147 no 14« J>' Eiefies Teyeruar ioi,in 'EiitftgMdtr^ ll-Dorado ^Guafeo El-Kfbit il-Tur defs, pabaffe ttad^iiini I/4ni 4.19 140 J 84 551 490 388 4.Z0 »74 393 - EL EM . EUmis defc. • '■■.'was '■■. 400 'Etar4n -.' ,»•.! 3194 Elitea Mo«. • X79 E^fl. ;iU AfoY. Z78 Elil*be$bQ. 44 Elixthetbs City jijj EliyAetbs Inf. ^49. Elitabetbs Town 604 EUeberri _ zx? £//Wm «z EUibirit Z19 £tf/o» 609^61^ Elius FUvifd fl. izz Elmadiu i96 Etna X19 Elora 4Z1 £///;/« fo Elfihir 394 £//iA 131 Elfenburg ^9 Elfemur 4o Etfenour Straights, jj .E^nborcb 61 Elfnape ^€9 Etfterfli X47 ;E/»«r XZ4 Em4eham 1.95 £M4ffMe/Enipir »8i ■Embden 1^6 ^Emboli t7^ Emfrat - j 1 1 Mmkbms ' 3<4 £M EN EP Emmerknd EMKce- EmpedocUf Emforites Emifl. 3f* Jjtf >f7 ai8 i»i,JZ3 £»4fM Jio, nx, fiz, Jl8 Encbyfen Inf zjtf EuulifmM, ! 198 Endracbt ' '^ _ " , zjtf £)«/« 1 I.I • . , • )8z Endrin 271 EndjfmoH 3^0 Enerafii Mon. 70 £«/«/ JX4 Enfifieim 131 £>^^4 Gulph z8i, z88 England defc. 1 8, 1 9> a o, z i , »*» »4> 2f, »!£///!& Channel zi Engum 347 £»^re JZ3 £)t/o J 71, EnifliiUing 49 Eniftemrk ibid. Enna, 25,7 £JW 27i £«/ ^n/)?6 Eriffo a7f ErivM ■ ... ■ 3^4 St. £riii» X87 Erlavf III Ersyf. 40 Erneloiigh 44, 4i>> f o Ernbretjteiit iij? Erofa Inf. defci , 37 40 348 lot?, lit Evefcbe de JVartsburgb 132 Eunenes 272 Evera anditslSatt. 222,214 Eupatoria 91 Eupeterea ' ibid. St. Euphemie iss Famine Port Fangma Inf. ^ Fano Fanun SitaSi Afapbi ■ 34 Faoum Sanifi Audomari 179 3i$tf 447 213 n<» 434 41 f2» «>> 14* i«r I9f 4i : 3# ••■ €t)% 37^, 37I ibid. J4# " 44J a4> s 3437i Ewtf»«^/r^ ij M8 Vtr Inf. 53J Vldnders Count, defc. 1 7 J» Verdtn »3f,iJ3 178 Vtrditidndd 56( ?ldndridH Gate i8x Vsm fl. 3J3 F/itv4 113 ¥trnanbuc9 JJ4 VUvitgdbrigd a 08 53« 1 F/«vio ay4 2!?4 ^Idvium Brigdntm 109 ttmatUt Inf. Vtrfsndt Pm temando de ^ier «»4 ftms 47' F//«/«b4 > ibid. F«ro Inf defc. J3t,tfi« F//rt . 33> 34 ftnabiut defc. 40XI flijftngd 167 fmara »49 lelemmings JJ7 letmra. Forto »J8 F/eww/Tb Phyfidc - x^j VerrarU ti3»*49 Flemmijh Inf Jo6 ferrsria WfA Guns 2S7,*40 Vlensberg •-: j8 ¥trriland tfiy,6i< VlevoUndi* 166 S§rro Inf. V;. 1J> 531 Flexum .J 09 feruca --u '-i , 4 v - J. J04 ¥ecbevf 440 fi/un 497 Farrfwx Dowjw D« 133 Viafcme Men*. ' JiJO F(ri»j (/ecem ^urifdiStimum Vitna. J48 ibid. Eie«t«; a49 Fa»< , J 07 Vigend: . 348 foglid Vetchid 348 ViUfck III Fot/e/i Prov. 438, 440 Vindl .-, »4i l.os VUhdiwts 130 Vindland c 70 ¥ol«eMen. a8f Vir^eritt a9 Vtricd Kivul.. 1 24 Jeinnonid . ibid. ¥«mofdInf i^yv338,443» timid. , f9i6o 444 Stw ¥iorAi 2Ji Vernoli 375 fiorenid Id BelU ayi For* ^ulium ii6 Vmnd9 Inf 447 Fonts 40 ifimiait laf* i«9 Jwt St. Ar^riw i^j PO FR- ¥m dtt ¥rdnceif jjf F^rt i't. George zif, 418 Fort Nov* Hottdndid X9J I3»,X77 »9J ' ' *i»4 ibid. U9 ' 433 . 237 X X30»X33>X34, 148, 3H FM»A^.y xifji^l, x8i, 2^3, Frdt fl. 3* trtibargh j, >48 Freifengen >4o frrjc* I IT. theirCountry, Indies %9l hfaf<> County 1*4 trtum Vivk 6i% Fretum Gaditiuum 1 1 1 Fretum HeniUeum 207, z 1 1 Fretum U Maire 1:451 Fretum Tarteffitcum x 1 1 Friburg 131,135,229)130, »32 Friburgum ijo Fridberg JJ4 Friejland lyS, 172 frijch-Haff 113 Fr/^« io5, I09,ui Fr/H/i 247 Frhonr 171 Fwez/ber Mart. tfi8, ^21 Frobijhers Oar ^22 Frobijhers Straights ^21 Frumentim - jxo Fuentheu 439 Fuentarabii 208 Fuentes 233 J^K^ew J 37 DeFugilnf. 13s Fuldfl. 125, 124 F«/i4 Abbey 13 j Fulgentm ^ 48? F«/» /«/; ' 44 FAff4» T9) ^o F«7ti 510 FungcUng 439>44i Funghgl 533 F«xrgi jio F«M 500 Fttrffihchejt xii Farxej i77» 178 Fttrftemberg 137 F»i/4 TOO G. G^^fom ({f/c. 403 G^&mTo5 Gammandore 295 Gammalane Fort 2.^5, 459 G«» 511 GanabarO' fyj* G«»4 .17? Gandarum ibid. Gandia xi 3 Gandittf 429 G4n£4mr/tf< 3I.T5 O-A GE Giaigrfiii 4j G4, 343. 344. 441 ibid. J" yoT 48T yo4,fc^ 482 497 I4t 2f4 I93»''^^ 471; 47 J, . 474) 149 »P3 G4J»f /!/■ Caft. Gan^ Gaoga Garal-Mejhi Garamantes G37 ibid. X04 197 217 23^,141, 141, 311 513 3f3> 3^y 173 GE Gl St. Gertnmet en Ltje't Trea- *49 : >y7 118 ' ibid. IP, ir. 01 CL (SO ty German! s.Tnferifff Germania frima Gthtania jecunds Germany defc. 18, loi, 1:4, uj, u5, 117 Gerra Gerfofpa Gerunda Gerfalalit Gtjtricid Getart Gettt GetuU Gettily Gevatia 404» 391 417 ai7 4iJtf 371 57 .ro3 474 69 Vtl ) l|vtl 57 I. Giwaniffk Glcvia ft, Girba Girgh Givenegi Giufujcoa Giujiandil Gi\e GUmorgan Gtan ji. ^ 4^^ Giarhi " lip,' 'I30, 13* \-' \> 184 4«r 4!Jr »«7 40 2o8 4^3,174 497 , 33> 3f M4 Genua Geon St.-^ George George Caftriot St. George of the Mine 19 s yo7 j St. ■ Georges Inf. y 5 o, j 49 St. Georges River ^9U 59^» Georgia defc. 343,344,3<^9, 370,383,3^7, l6xy 3 S^i 2j/^, HJ9 JIO GUrena Glat-Hitten Glafco Glajimgh Glati Gtaucut fl. Glencarn Glocefler GlOoaw Glota Glmkfiat Gljkeeon '' Gmundt Gnejf Gnoffm ibid. no 39 \ 49 -. .■ My 31, y92, *o8 "3> »y7 40 y- I portion 2i>8, 329 I Golden Cajlile 294 Golden Fleece ^6s Gdeua 48 f, 48^ Ca//(f P«^* J84 Gotfo di Jgimoant 274 GO 184 4»f *t7 I9f 40 M4 ibid. 3y 49 92, *o8 40 27tf MS 2J0 fM.444 iH S49 6x 147 <^2 2 ibid, ib/d. 547 » J18 ^>554, ^ 450 5-07 5'f Pro- J84 274 lolfo 'Jl • /.GO Cglfo Aiemdns 174 Gtlfo di Beito 4^7 Golfo de BeniaU 4^1 Golfv di Caps 487 Gclfo di Contefa 274 Go/fo di Monte Santt ibid. GolfodiPaU 487 OolftdiRampt 174 Gplpho di Sidrs 487 Cr«/p^o ^/ j'o/0t,7;0 ibid. (?«//>** iff Pr/« G;>/)/'o I>e//o Prino ibi Ombo III Gmhron defc. 3 9 1 > 3 ? 8,402, 40f Gombru 2pj <7o»ier To. and Riv. 473 Gomen Inf. J31 Gomerians xij Gonrou - 40 j GondoU's 1^6 Qonga jn GtnnniUe ^24 G«»^<^4 Gf»j 227 &«//< L4C. Stf G«r . ^ 4x7 iSwdiai 3^3 ©«r«t 144 Gme Inf. iPSy^of Oorgades J34 Gorgian }^ Cor^ena /»/;. 227, »f 8, JS9 Gorgore 37-1, ji^ Geri defc. 370 Gerichtmum 164 Goritia 145 Gbritium 144 ^omif 217 GorJxetInf: joo Girlium r^4 ©crrf ibid. GmjfM 290 Goftynia SpicuU. xso Gojhe* joi 6'^'*'' . 152 Gotbalonia 116 St. Goihard lo; 60ti&4rif Hill 122 Gethburgum ti Getbebitrg ibid. 6M^r0. ibid. / fr- ::(J.O- OR GeihUnd ibid. Go;^i' ipt, 204, 212, 21]:, 21(1, 268, 270 C^*/ and ;'<«»rfi/j t'i GotUnd Inf. ibid. Gotticut J4, ^2 Go»M 147 Gtntmberg . . , ^8 Gottingen - jji C7o«fl f»/. 445>44V Gotmp 57 C70«i4, Go«i)44X Go^o Porto 47 J Grabatet Fort 291 Graciana •. . x^i St. Cracioft Inf 530 Qndifcbet %6i Gradifco 116 GradifJ) , 98 Gradhlia i6i Griea 279 GrtfcM 18,177,383 Criteiim 143 GireeeJi* Hertclitt 91 GraicKs 270 Graicum 145 Grampius Mat. 40 Gr4» 10^, Z11, II.} GroMda- 203,207,211,254, J52, 5^3, j8tf, J84, >8j Granado 21 1 Granatum ibid, Grand Btnk v ^16 i Gm» 38»» J83, 384, 38?' Grande ' . 194 Granita ft. Xfo Graniius ft. ibid. GranitXA 277, 279 Granfon Bath x 99, 219,230 Cratiampttita %oe GratinfaDi9S $84 GntionopoliSf . zo9' GPtti 143' Gr«vf 1.87 iQUvelii^ .^ ',. • .: »77 OR GU . St. Cravtnhagbt 104 GrivM Wine * ^9 Gravionarum J Si- Gray IXf Great Sound between y74i and J7f Grecian! 270,171, 303,304 Grfwf rf*/"c. i^j, 170, 271 Gw^x 393, 437 Greenland j y, tf 1 9,^20, « 2 3 Green- jpring Houjr 59* Grw ^. 183 Gregory Pope 119 Grejavaluafl, J83 Grenada Inf J74, J84 Grmadiut Inf, 2 93 Grenoble 2oo> Grrve X 99 Grieffsnbagen 1^9- Grimalda Gens 227, 242^ Crimani 374. Gripfwald 149 Crifons 121, xjtf, 230, 233, Gro^o 3f0». 254 Gro^o Wines ibid.. Groine 209 Grfl// i7o< Groninghen defc. i.f-8, 271 Gronsptld 13^ Gr«x wardejrt' 9S' GrqlTrit xtfS Grtfii^tnv 157 GrmadiCane xj^ Grttton tfoS' Grubenbigen ijr^ Grucil^ ] 44, GMcocinga^ 579 Ga4 dalajara Kingdom and' City defc. j8i Guddalaviar m GuadaleupeVtf. 293, {74. Guadalira 193 Guadibalberfii 43^ GK^gxt/tf 482 CuaianacapA! s^jy $59, s6o- Gualau. $06- Guam* 294: Guant- bant Inf. Uh S71* Gtunfer 481 Guarguejfen. 474; GuafteUa. 24^ QMWiAi 2 08 ^Mtlntill. \ OU OW GY GudtimaU 193, Gusxact Prov. defc. Cuba. GuhelhamsH Gucheu '^ Gudeme^ Guei ft. Gueldres * Guilfs . . V Guemifvi ' [ Gneudicot " \ Guenira ^^^ ;.' Guenga fi. ,'''| ' Guer Gueret • GuerguU Guepia GurvetUn Guaaran ^ Gttido Suff. B. Utrtcht Guienite 191, i94) Guilan ?94, Guilielmine Branch Guinea Nnv G«/«y i?3, 2?4» »^y> Guinv AfricAti 184 yi8 4*» joi 435? ijx 4»9 ' 5X8 4»9 471 100 404 '43> 8-3 J83 GY GZ HA Gyuls Feyarwai 98 Giihtsw* ts^ HA H. «..i»'' 481 173 397 T TAhtfcU Habxjftt Habat Habttk ' Htbelch Habtfch HaheJJinet f 10. . ^ , HabeffiHa and its King ; 09, y i3»yi^iyi7, 510, y*i yio n3 471 jio J8i yio i3»M^.n9 47X, i1 mtic ma Hjtf Capt. Hutt ^Amtf HiUibAs * HAUni ' ' HiSi f.-.hifar <. I ;»38: •n 4if 410 Hicluyt Hadea Hadiguit Haderjleban mifitU 140 I Hgdrian Pope ^14 flair Una HairianopoUs Gut, Guldenlow Count Gtt//cife G«/;^ oi Venice Guns invented Guraghe Gurchitto GurgHlan 3^j',3^ 3y7i387, 397, ; '. 40r \ '■■• 3-1' 3Ja 3yt 40- .t^. 3?»' Hamburgh defc. J5, J7>3i* Hamder-lUah Hamelen HamersbccJi Hamia Hamilton Cail. Hamlen Hammametha Hamour Hampton Hams Hanavf Hanchew Hanchun Hanchung Hanefvri Hanes Hanghad 477 iy» 149 490 40 1-4 4y* 3r» I3J^ 344>4tO,44t 413 43!» 6li 481 Hannibat i748j,48 ... iZ6 HertogtnRide ■■':■ ; 187 Hertiegorina x6% Hmy^thumb 17 HertiogthuHiblunenhourg i y i J HtrtefovifU > fjhbon iiefiod tlefperia nJfperiJet Heffe Hepn • ■ Hejter Hetruria 1^6 166 178 i6o 279 ^61 J34 i3< "3» »33.i34 402 xyi 471 ■^ »71, 2iy, 488, Hetruria, Floreniina, Pifana^ Senenfis Heufden iituftperg ilewatiy Uewathor , Heppefenfls de l^eweci Hexmeli Wall Heximily Ueyn Peter. Vihabatb Hiachan Hibernia Bidafpa Hide Jonathan ., ' Hidekeffl. HfdruntUm Wen Hieracli'Aribi Hkropolis defc. Wgh-Lani Hikebrand \{ildtfheim Hthborougb 349 Hingham Wngedagul Seiir 127 1^4 "3 »03 lox i8x 273 166 y 10 411 44 418 41 f. 363 »f4 44*. 3 if 3fi 37 " xy4 4« 608 4'yt •,.t ■-h V*,- Hl HO Hinhs 441 Hifparcbut *4° Htppcerates 37 y Wj^ura .\ 4*7 Hippo Regatta "''I^j ''^v^Sf lAippopttmui ' * /fif mppusfl. i66 Hireus ' • foo Mining 58 Hifpahstti dufc. 199 Hijpaty ^09 fl. 417- Hijpania Bcttica 203 Hijpanit Citeritr 404 HtjpaniA Lufiunitt Z03 Hifpanid tiova 576 HiiptuiAtbrftuimeiips 103 Hijpania Ulterior 404 Hijpaniola »93 :3 147 137 438, 43 i? 133 -57* ■i-V *, Hiurea HtdigM Hoingckm Homigtl HOfgtA fioctn Vitekfieu Ktinty Koeicheti Htgi Ls Hogue Hoheuftein H^je^otteren H^ien HUit Wolt tloUtnd : defc. ItsCompafs 1^3 KoUdfiders their Country, Fbrts , O'c^ inm^ and Edfi-lndies x9U*9i tloUand Iffel ,»>-* 1 '»tfy MtttandSm ^' '^4 Holmia 6i H$lmft»dt MX HO HR HU H$ly-Cr»ft Conntty fSi Holy-Crofs Mountain 378 Holy-Ghtftfi. J 88 Holy-head 34 HolyUnd 343» 3n, 3J8, 359ii6^i3^i Holy Point , ■ t9S Holy wet ^/ : 34 Homaguet ^^^i\^4* ^^7 Homberg 1 34 Howcr 271,18^574 Homer ites yio Hotnile ^ Hmolium >176. Ci'»J&' Aft». Hamolus J Hona Vrov. 438,439,44® Hondurar defe. 584 Hothtnauls 4^3 Hmtenjis de Sag. i on Heochfiraten 187 Hoegjtraten " ? 18 y Horatii ~ '" ayo HorebMon, ' 388,389 Hordes *»*. 409 Hor'Mon. _ 389 Hww ' ' 1^4, 1 65 Htmando # J79 Horn Inf. Vii ,^.j -^^^i 1^ Homfand 69 Honifound 6i^^6iJ^ Hmuns fi Hi^ar ' -: 3^3 Hvtcblmg 1^1 HoufeofGod a'V. ' ' 390 H«rt)?, - ^i •> 189 Hcjr* . -i . 13^ Hradifch •'"- rytf Hradium Regince i$s mbbede 482 St. HuAnrt -V,-'i8i, \88 H«l»ef 481 f/«ti/e» ^18, Sxiy Hz J Hudfonsfl. ^01, 503, tfof, 611, ^[1 Hudfons Straights «r8 Huenlnf. f9,it H$uf{A ^ izx, 213 Hugb Capet 19% Hugonott >». 197 Hwienmet 380 <'*'■ ^ HU HY JA Htttnain ^81 Humboffet 453 Hmgaria 28,19,21 Hungarian its. Mines, Soil, Extent, Divifions 100, MI, 101 Hungarian Revolt 143 Hungarians 57 HMw^iir/ over-run no Hunget^ort 547 Huniaaet ■ 97 Hutmingen 131 Hunni^s 2^7, z^g Hio»/ loi, no»ii5, i88, xoo, 21^, 270 Hbjw conquered loz HttjjMwg Pro. 438, 440 Huffars ,03 Huffein - .397 Httjitflff ' ' \ jg Hygmandefe. 389 HyW« J«(»f. 258, J41 Hydafpiffi. ::;. 4,7 Hm/w X83 Hydrufa Inf. defc, 289 Uylicx Palus 279 H/iBrttw Afm 278,^41 Hyperboreans 278 Hyppobole i^^f*»8f H/^y?;/7« • -',%87 Viyrach ^' ' ' *394 HjTC4»/4 ^5-41 401 Byftereicb 247 tAarown defe. 403 J ^4C4«rtf 29^, 4Ty J'jFm«4 ;? .vH ■- t:.A*«i SF-w^JBMCh. ,Vv r;^ Hk' - ^ -m* jF<«ri- 3f4>3f9 :^aeibins mfapan 44^ fatobitos 34i».3Jy 5^A/er4 its Scituation and fortification ;.;«|{| 5F4ni » 4^t IfafnipatM '-ftlf fagamti J A -if. JA m IC ID JE JE IF XG m JI XL fsgtLMte 4»» 'St.'fago ^66 Chit. ^69 St-StgoCompoftella 109 St. ^ig9 or ^ames Inf. SiU ^47 Civit. 5n St. ^ago de Us VaUos y?* St. ^Ag» de Eftro Civit. jya St. ^ago de Gaurimala 583 ^agtina. ^67 fagm Lamir Cap, f 48 faickfl' 409 faicia its Scituation and Strength atf* ^amaicoInf.i9$ defc.fi om $67, to f 70 f-imbsy 417 ^tmbi t9r;i9tf,45y ,f <«ii?/i 270, 173, 174 ^dmbti ,. 410 S'imrf Count, and Town , yj>», f93' St. ^Ames Bay y7x ,f4m«/King ^i i • 44 fames Town yo St. fames Port yjS fames ft. J91 f*Mgar - 410 fankuU a»y fanifiapf ' lyy fanix/tries ^*> 38 y 3f««itt* »7y 5F^. Commodities, Coins, Weights and Mea- fures^ 337,338>3?9 3F4/rf« K. tfi y faptnners, 44y J^^r^nTor-.S or Princes 445 ^-t/viM . 4Jy fipaira ' 296 3^rt»i -!r:"f^* 34t fapbet ■'-'»• :^ ; ^" 377 fapedumPAlxi- 24; ^a^eline ' lio fajlmic ■- -'• «7 fafon 287, 3^f fagi or ^ilfww jy faffia 28f favd Inf. »93»»9 }*«#«• 417 Jermanicua 140 tlhberis II IM IN JO »)'. . 210 ■ fyo • : »88 47 J J7y J 49 i8 J,i8tf 49* 29^ Hyheris. llmnt Hu* Inf. Jlurgit Imanovf Ofera Itnaus Mens Imbrui Inf. ImtgiAgen Imiretta defc. Imperiale Civit ' Imperial ftandtrs . Inafl. , iHMchus ft. Imtus Inu's K's of Veru ^.Jncibilis . Indapout . Mm 5 43,' J 44- Its Extent, Ancient Inhabitants and Invafions 4^4 Indian liles 448, to 4^0 htdibilit ■ 213 hidion 410 i»dM ft. 343*387, 393 defc. 415,417 Jnfmu Trj^tEum 16% Jniena " « 19S Jngirland , 70 • Ingis Chan 408 IngU 44 » Ingeljlat 1^9 Ingria <8, 70 Ingul and Ungul 90 Ingulffoot , €i€ Tnijb Corfey >^ > 47 UifhkiUing 49 Inn jl. I Hi 140 Infa 218 r«/»f 459 ' Inftrucli 145' Infubria Ldcus Infula Fortunatce Interpreters of the Bible Se- venty 493. their Lpdg- ings 496 Injames ' 4J» foal i9y 5m» the P«cf//« (f;*j Well 498 St. Jofephs City- 444j4y St. Irene Iris Irifh # Irelandia Iriandt Irnia \ Ifabel Ifatirfa ffchemunein Jfthia Inf. 1,14 44) 285 37, 4J 44 - ibid. ibid. 47 34r. ta», itfr, ibid, Z48 271 f4i Z89 //e/j de Tremeti Inf 2 59 /i^«*4« 195, 2 9(?, 342,344 defc. 39^^597,399 Ifrael, 2.59 Ifralites , their Forms, of * Government, Conqueft and-Captivity 35^,3^0, 361 Ijle of France i94j9tf Iffelfteyn 16 f liftu/its feveral Battles 350, ^ampoli zyi Ifterfl. 112, 2^8 /jfrniVrn Games 281 J/frw, Iftrie 2 2 tf , 2 47,, t tf 8 iftropoliSf Ifiros. i6i JfiHlM 88 "^ Jttum ■ IS IT JU JU JW IZ KA XA KE Kl ' "* "ff, 170 ■ Ifttin 49zy JO* fulium 112 K/tnthett . 44* K*;/V * 4J8 # Sf ■ Jm//<(» Women »34 ^ulium Comicum ,'.*;» '39, Ho ■ italUt, »io ^ulivm VacwiuM ibid. IC*r4^*^ ^ •. 3^4 70 ■ iM/r 18 fulpba Old 4. 365 K^rafara . / • jyy -« 3^7 ■ lM//defc. »ir,»34 ftUya lybica »i8 K^rw . )fe. 274 K'rkaUt •-^X94 iS!. ■ Its Map. 22 J Suietlaon 433 ■ Ancient Names ibid. Juncariay Jun^uera 2 1 8 K^rs 3*4, 381 '■ 393, 5^8 ■ Soveraign Princes 226, Juvgcheu * '♦*® Ktrsbad jfj lyy ■ •:, . ' ' 371 > I 227 Staguing 1 441 X-j/iin ' • 19* ' S 3^S I jR<{/7 its Scituation, Bounds, Juning •,.440 IC I0«>/ yco • '39 1 Nature and Manners of ^JutmanPrvu. deCc. 438,44a Kwl, K'i$etutn 177 4377 X*t 35^ 4;8 I TtycA ' ^'i^- 485 ]u}Ungen 138 ^m defc. ■ ' '}•' 404,405? s' 4(^r I St. ^uanlnf. 4^7 Jufiinian Emp. 494 H^emptem Campidmuni 138 548 I ^uan Fertiandes Inf. J y i Jufiiniona Primd a 74 Ksmpton 13^ ?47 ■ St. ^«rf» de/ Putero Rico J70 luftus 116 1{fnebecli - ' •' tfo8 1 ' »^4 f 0£ ■ St. f « 410 Krl^Monk j^,' 374. 271 ■ ^uioA - U 3^9 ^TKanogoroi .79 ,iQ?mo» 397 541 ■ ^udoigne 184 I^aan defc. 399 f(j?r» yot - 28^ ■ ^uttna ^ 44 ^^•rnir 43 .Kprr; jr, ft, K$rs 50, 5>K "f if9 ■ • ^^»544 ■ St. ^ues Mm. f48 . .-r' . K. ■ ■ ■■•' m^-'r KefetBaJbi , • 398 7i 399 ■ ^uga Afiurwn zo6 K.«^er ^ ' 394 2^fi» ■ ^Mga Carpetana 207 "17^ Achemirt JV K^fra 4" 1{eteri - . ,^08 - IS of ■ ^ga Carratanorum 218 288 K^tltr 9f queil ■ 5t««M 148 ,10«44rw 417 l^ettaleTrei .'. 4y» i > 5^0, ■ ^Jutland 60 I0iit« '. 350, ■ 5«i/erx 125, 127,131 'Xalla - J8 Ki^ngfl. 343, 44a • i 5f5 ■ JtUinum 1 49 \aUenherg ' 60 X'^'^wtfff^ , - 438 • * 27X ■ Juliebena ' 141 t^allioubicb Mlnio. 497 T^iangnan 44 1 ' a 281 ■ ^IW u^/C9/« 34 jl^/a HI. St 104 T^8 1 fuUmC(xf*r 4a' -c> ^^lOjfS i 'l^aluja ■74* a78 K;4ir<«/& ^^, .).:. J9o^ 16% ■ 3F.«W»i iKi^M 197 390 i^ibros Inf^ .;;. 381 ,88 ■ Stj^OM Sntruf. iS9 hr*»» ij'lKjd^mtr ^-' 4x1 uan ■ " C .. ^ 'XT KL KN kN KO KR KUKY.LA' K^e^^n '■' , ibid. K/f/. ^ 57 !(,/f/»;eFort /. ,'• x94 H^embang 440 tanning - 441 I^if/ii&rf^ ■ 490 f^kfi-Overal Fort X9y i(?"W yo l^Mo ibid. IC««'*xj^ ■ j>(f tCUtileagb - -^ 48 V^ntm 49 KifMKOt K/yUO^®• ' In/. ^189 ^incbeu. 441 IC/;?jj County 4f IC/»s/4/tf -■ •• 4(f, r» t^inrjovn -, 49 l^ingcheu ^,:^ 44° Khgyajig ,;"439>+4:* I(^f»rw •*'»5 40 nU'ebei^Aven •** '*•''*-*• f o' ie/<»if 347,380 l$«wi:'^ ^8j^ J^tKumbright '"'" - 4vri.|s x70 iCnw*;' Poiw '-^ " <5i3 J^pbitnungtt * ii^ci 3Jf ]^A , »? • 7* :K«/<^»^ ' w '^*' J 8 W^mtra. loi, xo^, iix X«»«J*«X _ > 84 Konigfeek v iis^ 137 KjfiHngberti '^><-^ ^no t^HifpotikiiPoliJb General 88 i:•'.^■ ;{Xn i^ .\i?>iii ■'!.) 60 370 tfo '8 tt-..K'iv 402, 403 • ' 144- : »3' ^ ' 43 LA Ldbfi r-i,-: Labu Idbarymh Egypt Lucamoria Lgcedomon LdcedamonioMf \Ldciburgium Lacinium LkcojUA Laflantm ,Ladeslie Udijlatu King Ladtg Lddcgd Lake Ladracaru Y' LdfdJU* LigAll I^anwater f;\ Lmnid LdgoiiConu Ldgtde Antacon Ldg9 de Lugdnt Ldgmes Ldgus Lagufd Tnf. Ldhdcum ldhet\an Ldholtn, Ldhor 344^ __ tdiaifxoits Battles f^dibdch LMl(en Gate •LdUnd Ldlibald K. Ldlj -dM-' Xdmd Ldmdlmottd u^.^fon. jSt. Lambert 'Ldmbina \tdtnbrdrouni ^.diiArt fi'.^ \Ldinbrui fl. timid 2 7 »4+ 24^ 224 ^ 289 '44 394 61 419 3f<> 144 182 . ft T17 3^ 411 • h8 i*» 28b 278 .*44 ibid. 4T7, 59 LA Lsncifter Tovftt Soi ianceret* 531 lArxUm • , AJ4i Larciciit ■ / v .*y Lanciti ^■'■r.96 Landen ' 184 Landgravedems »34 LandreciiMy Lundrecy 1 80 Ltndjhut . 140 Leaafperli •1 . ,\.'^ 140 l^nercum ^ < . 40 Lanesbcrow 47 langacl{tr-S(OKces 1 7 z Lai^^nd i9i ^^ Ungtlnf. 37 J i Ldngrts 196, l^ue dt Gotb 191 ; Languedoe i ^ i , 1 94, zoo Langurfl. $66 \ iMjang 433 lanigtra 4^2 J.<{MO /»/. , 188 y.Anric,' ...;,•■:,. 40 ( lAnjcrcort " ; 6i'. tantere 459' iio Kingd. 43 fi Ltodice, LtcJhes 353,401 Lteditea defc. 3 48 Laodice Cabiofa ' $53 Laen i^s Lapatbay Lapathid i?6\ LafisL/i\tiU^Mine, j6o\ Lapit fptcularis d z a :' tapiand 6zy LapUtadefc. 5Si\ Leponia Dtnmarii 70 Lsponia Suecita 69 \ Lapponia ' • 6%. Laracht ' 194, Liredo 208 ' Larel(_ fvf. ^$6 iu^.entoqueVcxt 194; l.4rt(a 4^0 1 Lariccho 377 , taricus Lmus ^. •. 244 j l4l'/M 234 1 Z.4r//jfi, Lariiio dtfc. 27?,,' Upt 403 Ldrrach 472 Ldructa Port 377 ht^nta Church 1 73 r 1 ,'^.l^vSs-vui- lA LE Ufa Inf. defc. 374 Li^tbi Mons. j r. tvu*?©: UrAo» /f. .:v; .488 Lstinut [, ,*'^^fo Latmits Mons '. ^::J%^^ Lavsvmynd t ^4' LavMtl Ofiium ibid.! Ldudicha cj ^^^ Laudttnum ., ^ ^vijj Lavermendt . ,J :^ '44 lAvenhi .M :V'47' Liver A Cru\ • f8o t^uffnit^fi. •*■' -los Ldvinix tjo St LaureMce iij. F/. 3-93 St. Lsurente Ifland j'37 St. LfwrraceBay ^14; St. Laurence R. dt i : Laurentini 25b' Lauriacim 143 Laurigi tip Lauro .•',•■ I^id. Ldursna ibid. LaufannXt hiujionium 233 Laufdiin 16 s LawFompeii 244 L*wt«/tt^ Iff! Latvenberg and its Dutchyi defcribed 113; Lavrence Cajier 1^3' L4f«r^ib 391 i Ltf«<»'* .. 3ni Leander 272,3481 Leaotum ^ . 413' lf^«f/t 49 1 1 Lehadei 2791 Leca ■{}?•,.; 2f4! Lw*»j 81,87,154; Lteii^liim. J2>, id8 Lw Jt 44» fi Leewitden 172 l.f^88 Lfigbiit^ v| 4f fE L«« . • 4f Lenfler f 41,44,4 L«/!/7f Jt famous for twoBst- telsnearit i47 t*f»* ;«V^Jl, ' 3'9 IMtbUni "ift 71 Leimeriti xff Ln»4» Lake 232, 233,238 > ru 199 v» ^ 87 288 > 13d rfp/f. 287, , ^ 288 199 :•", TO J .s:'. ' 179 ■*^": sot 387 188 982 zi6 197 a^f 280 28^ The Lemanxs Lacm Lemavicum Letnberg Lembro Inf. Lemgow Lemnosinf 38: Lemovicum Lempta / ".•■ Lens 4, s Lemulus - Lfo Geographer Leodicumy Leodium Leon Lemdefe, Leona Leondari Leofiidaf Lemtari Leontini Like 257 prodigious Rerenue of its Fiflitry .v- 257 Leopcl '87 Leopolds "Pit r ixo Leovardum 172 Lepantiy Lepanto defe. 280, 28 f, its Scituation, For- tification , Gulph, Sea- fight, sieges and Trade .' 280 Lepanto Battle Lepeday Lebeda Lepcnti 121. 191 4«7 122 »78 487 217 212 283 i96 Lepfina Liptii . Lerida . Lerma Lima Lake - Lernan Hydira Lero Inf. its Compafs and, Commodities 37f Lesbos Inf defc. 1^ ' 3 7 ♦ Lefcare ' sM^ Leffoaj Lefctvis .fh^^Wp* teJtndLake »f4 L^M Inf. its Compals, - Strength, Trade, Scitua- ' tion -. i6$ tethfy Lethonfl. '*nZi Letes-lnf. • ^ tft Lf'r/'w C. -> , 49 LrmwR. *X< «.* 47 Levant '■' 348 Leucidtty Leuus Inf. defc. LeiUdrum SS , Leitcafio Leuetthcon 276 Ijirinfis Leutbeon defc. ibid. IJcucheu 441 Leuchtemherg fci 134; LeuciLiheri ''v' • iz5 LeucopibU ' 40 teuctphryn Inf. -its Situati- on , and Commodities, 373, J74 3 148 '■''■'' x88 279 172 1^4 »83 4n 183 "3 579 296 41 »34 181 joo '"' ' 600 196 122, 1(^4 » 29^ >':'*: ^ 106 "- 471 2t0 441 174 . 17^ .34^ 48 r ibid. LI II LL 1X2. LemorU Leuco/ia Inf. - '"' LeuHria. and Its Bat^ "Liver dU Levejtein ' "•' " LrvM Leawaw* defc. . ,^ Lnrrc hevpesde Tompict Lenin Lfifk * L«r/j Blft.of Mmfter Let/is XIV. of trsnce St. LertU * LewifJ. •";-"' ' Lexffviorum Civit. Lt/den LejfJen Inf. Leytha fl. Lharais Liacura Mens. Lidmpo Liba Novi ^'^^ Libidia. *" Libanus Mms. Lrbeten LtbophankU ■Likophitnices -i^^ J-77, 'V 48f 2^4 »y2 f87 »3> £80 * 494 24^ 179 x8j 128 i87)l88 44* Libyphaniees Liburnidefs Infultt Ltburnut Portm Libya defc. Libyci .. Ueoura Mbru Licurgus * ' Lido Caftle . : Lie flu. Lieffienfhceli Fort Liege Liege defc. Uencheu Liettr UfHe R. Liganiufiu. Ligerif fl. Ligne Lignitx Ligvr , Liguria Ligurians LiguriM iflands Ligurian Sea Ligufticum Mare Likiang V'^a Lioaa LiUiVlJle UUey Utto Fort \.ima Utntera Limburgy Limbnrgum 137, 158, 158, 187 +4>4y>47 231 191, 193 ■-.: 179, x8o *:- xy; 19U^9^, 433 - ' 241 ibid. 258 241 227 ^.' ,\ 440 280 ■■•r X44 i8j i^4iyj8»fy9 L/>i^< fiu. tinge Linkiang Linlithqui Lint% Linyao Lienoife V. 217 li6 440 39 X41 439 191, I94»ico •;* •314 17 Limen Limford Bay Limifo defc. Limiffo Litnmerian Bofpborus Limoges Limfa Limfin Lime Umericfi Lin "fB i_>-'i LiAca, Line4 '^^'^^ Lincing Lincoping ' • ' Lindarv * Lindum LindKt Ltens Its Situation, Weights and Mealures 313,314 Liparara Inf 2^9 ^'>'«'''1»/. ibid. Liping : --44* LippeFlum. '■ ■»•;•?; ,jj Lipfia famous for two Bat- tles near it 147 Lipttvienfis at. L/pete kj i Lire ...' ^- jgy Ltrimirif ^j ^^fi' 17 6 y 189 Lisbon defc 222,213,1214 Lifbm its Coins, Commodi- ties, Weights and Mea- lures Lisbotn Lifimachia '272 Lijmore «' yj Lifnagarve ; 48 {"'/•"te / 144 ^'C« ' 2-witr7 UM4 . '.. - u:ii ■;>i%'^V^'^AI* UimegU :i:. -34 blivu ■ut Lly* Sivdtan ' jy Uiifimts of BtbemUi iss tunit-lnf. .:ri '..V' -v^Ul LMUgbi ni iar£i*$ fi. »r7>ai» htaru 127, .^S*' Ucii Epicnetkides ito Ifdcrjdd »74 hfrii Opuntii i8r lacri 0\el»rtM t8o hocris^^ . 4J4. i8o t#CWf Ot»/Vn.f »3r Ifomnd Lake ■ 40 hmion 29, 30,5o« hmion its Colns^' Weights, \ and"Meaiures 3i4»3if, •>i.;o/fl^fl SI7 London Coafl <<2i Lemdon-derrj ^, 48 Imgljldnd X91- M'- ^s33 iK>r ,. S.A4J £(0r0i^of Chappel in fkvmt. i>or«t* ; ■ v*49 {-wI/Jwi^ Vl •.«3U;.\:»S4 I^4nfdntesfl, . J*f ; 10 tu ttfanue Lutafh^gftet r:'/.v'? Labdringia •- iv. ' L#vtf/»r rfe/c'. . \ Si, Ltvdin Git9 Lwire Levtntitidm ItHghC Irn^b Foile hm^b-Mugh htwdi In^i - iMtrebdnder 'if 4y. Li^fWdtn Inf. Lugeim LuggdH Lugo Luickeu .. Luici •'* lul4 Lulu Liud ^.Vfood ILwM Mms luhaburgum LundcA '.^: S19 %ii 4t7 lit 57 itl xU \96 Sf 49 49 J» ,t94 6ii 426 MI - LjY Inga^Pdtm ^t.Hk Lugdm Idcur - ■ '. t44i[ LHgdu »i7,x39,x|4 Liigdunum,\ xoo yig^unum Bdtdvvrum 'iJ6^ '< -m 440 L«4«)fe its Coins, Weights, Lminbdurgh $6 \twaenbQtqfz and Meal'ures Lubliniunt Lubomirsfij Lucdnus Lacui St, Lucdf tucds Inf. Lucdyd liles bucdj/es Inf. Lwdjfon Inf. Luecd Rtfub. Lucfd St, Luce Inf: 318 483 8f ibid. 'i.« IS ca34' ;'. •/ -no ,^ri»* $7? i»7,a3Vj»r» J3y $ ibjd. ti^md XUiA. 1 1«/«^ defcribed ? lufl»ty Lupoid fi. Lufdtid Lti/adiaid nA.itVlMcpy Lucmburgunty Lucesburgum iy8, 180, i8i Luetridy Luctrn .22^, 232, Lwefji JLake < vX j^.r:?*?* Luebtemberg ' ' 14*0 St. LucidBof •, n r- 538 St. lucid Inf. ixRtt,; 574 Lucl^dnier -■^^..rri.m.f-*^ Uuidn. ' i^x Lue'o/i . ,, , ;Av«s, • :4f7 L«c«;in Aft'urAwL tucwi Augufii Ludevift Qtns ^■^' jy i 14^ M^» 147 Lutber „. Lutbetdk Women LutielJieiH • « , ,|^- £.«t|M famous fot*!!;^^^ near it ^..Jiiia L«x«6«r^Aandits,mf^ defcrifed mi l:;*©? xr: rUud. m la''*7 - >•- r X.Tf ..MA tyferhis fl. i#? ij^ alalia Inf. xt9 Ijiriufluf Inf. its Scituation ' andCommoditlin trit ^jifanJer . v"* ■"■ »yi MA »<« i M. ■.'-tt'., »*4» joo 4»4 442 J74 37J dele. itV ,P4 'M4*'4 Huaru Inf. Maearia Inf. ' defc. 37^j>377, 378 St. fUcartiu MtKii^ 196. Mu^ar Gold Macofan Mkaabees ^fStiuhnU ^kamU ifefc. Jmiedmia prtfrta Mtttnta "' ' Hurmfalnf M^mmeftu Inf. 9j Madara mon. lafcar Inf 433» J37, nh 119 f4 294. Inf. 433 m/4 227, 230 Mkdrebmba '''-' lipj SffifdrefpUM Utti. Itkirtd 207> 208. ddbxt'j HMrii its Coins |il re ^ 42Z l»»if4» -vTlij i ^99 Af9 339 J'3 3M 273 rt, 21, *7<»i »7J »T3 393 »49 3M.39J 459, 34 391 l9i ^ 274» 4W »87,374 2S9 2pp ' ibid. »91, »9f ^ 13'. Af««4» Sea Aficrrj MM. Mkesfi. Hujlani Matfirtieh Mtgadexo Mtgafiir Haggf Magaun Inf. Migm iV: 34^ Its, 3<7 4»» 142, xxs; 1^4 •J J,' 188 f28 f37 47 f, ^t^ 4*f ->■■' -»■■» MUtburg and Diocels tf 3 A«^«i« 417, 547, f4^ Magellan Straits 54^,10 549^ M^tlUnia MageUantu Maggiore Lake I4agint9- '■■ Magi«rdec\ ' Maghna ^agna Mtgney Mkgnutia Mtgo Magonttay Mageuz/t M^gTM yailii Magribon Magrida "V^' Miuriettn Inf, Mabadja >' Mabamifre ' ATk^M Caftle Mahnms Civit. Mabemet th« Great M:Awntt 2. - »• JMki^mK^ 3. Mabwiit Fnf 3$), 197,^^ . J^9» 4f ? Mmcnw^x Tomb '390 M»imrtaat Prind^ and ftlgrimages 383, 384, " 3^»39o^ ^'ikmetanipn 34J,344,3»4 Mabmitu ^•- \- 4^^ -M4ArM ^ fj^ M«AM M«^e M«M«sd j4<,tofj:o 208 ^3h *44' 389 247 48^ too •^}J4 *«^ 4»5 1x8 227 45» 4«^ 2*^4* •:-j9 471 2tf7 284 2^8 .ft a^iV -■Ji';. . 419' if}) 284 »9«>i94>W 41 Wafmfl. ^jj Majorca ^g M^r^ue Inf. and its Inhabi- tants . . jij M-cwe _ . J4J M4;«yfe V n.v ^^^ Mal($ttiti ^* -' I, J M4t(&4r, Malaver 29 f, 29^ • 4*4 - 427 Maltnes t<3iX 18,187 Mtf//n^i Women 187 Malipur difc' 419 Matli f^ MaUatha 196. Inf. 344 MaU^ y» MaUjans _ 418 St. Mrfftw ' a 19^ M/ 43 19^,4*7 tfo8 ** 4J7 IT; MtrfeloHt Mdnsfeild M47t/«r K. Hdnfouri 1.' 4<* ff4 -^ If 4 • »>f iM 4f7 ' *91 XttjIJb 444 J»3 4f7 Si3 43« »?4 Xy7 4^ 147, X4« 47t 4«5 497,JOO ; M«>i«»e* and its Battle %79 hbtntouA 13^,140, »4« MfTMM I9> tit M*nttt* Dutchy and Cityi dcfcribed ^ • x4fl ■..tVf. • •fc.1' WtflebAvtn UUtt majore H» del CAlifMix Udr M Vm hUrdtiremtjo f84 M^ri^tf its Battle if«\ «9! UK IVtmsfibdn JL fU Mtranfdoji 194 MdTdMte $€t MMTdfib 147, |«i MdrgthiH A78 MdrathtnidH BtttJe 178 Mtdrdth»nidnbti]l. iWd. *^*t* 347 Mdrcdnid defc. 4x0, 41 x Mdrebfnfdmm x8i Mdrche ip4, soo Mtrehid Anctnitsnd %%6 lAdrchid Tdrvifind ibid. . Mtrcbhtdim Findrii ibid. Mdrtkio Ftdifnni t»7 Mkrdi ii6t 117, tjtf, X49 Aftrcife* txi. f/. ii6, xj^ Mdrcodei^ifd ffy fidrcmtnni X4y, xf4 Marceptlk " 431 M^rfM - : -. :.^7 Mdrdonm xj^ }/[drd)f{t Fort 175 Hldre Aky^num % 80 M4r< Rubrtim 40): •»C^''f*A fl4 Miret ji^. vmJ<. J40 Mdriiana ' " J94 Mdrii Sdi^d, Md.Crttfe^ ' . ■ '. *47! St.MtridVltrida ChurCbin; fUmte *fi Mdria Odlame Inf.' 193' St "NLtria Lauretane . 249, Mdridbtirgum v x8o! M«r/|>ff« M4rtfW3» 5^4 fHirtiriik * Mdrtk Burgum MdTtiut Mdrvittt * 1 'f-^. •«, . ' #A ' m:A ME VrifMi ^iit f04 I St. lAaurice Inf. Utifjbwouib' * ^i ' MB 5N*>/4»i"»jjv*i5r. J?i to ULityKhibir ' ■ ' Mlubat Masburgi Mdfcarenbat '- Miftat Saif - Mafcon ' V'*- hlasfate MsJltpMtan t9fy hkaffa 69i M^acbufttCilen MiljjintSo MiSiran .MMjJerina Frineefs Mijilia Mtffini(f* 484} 4851 MagipdtMn MitMcas Port JMktan Mtttrekf Mitttts^ Mttsune MiUerdn Emp. iHdter Orhium "Jfatrt Fort ;i 1 ■Jttttuipdny ..'Jw^ ,:St. Mmbr» St. Mstthews St. Matthews Colonits j88 "St. Mxtthntslnf. f^i ^ MattbM Bay and F/. t^ ) y87, f«^, S90 iMtttUci i Vb XtfS ^m'A;»m ^ .i^i' 134 J^^rifiK ' ^^*^ % »8 5 '!!Mftt'« %.-';£■-''•• -MIX ' Mgtytd Inf. •)>*. ' Xi, jiio Mdvifui ¥1.^:. ,XX 99 Maurtntbir '•4*-' 3^4 Mturdtbalaffa • ,i;,,^r' tj St M4«re Inf. '^f^ v». a47 Mmriana 237 4«» 474 4J8 114 1 M4iriiri 391 1 May Fl. 538 • M^encf 198 XfX 474 f3J> MivriMMt ' Sittifnifes J^uvtitmlnf, .^, St. M4uro In/, and Call. 191 Afaufoleim V - 343»34? "^ 190 19,118,130 Maylaye 459 »^4>J*3 »J3 »40 "4 201 4a< XPJ .4J7 -498 T3? 455, i90 33» 34 ^9^ ^93 vH' k> Mayotta Inf. Mayif Ft. Maiia ^iver Maxachares Maxaga Prov. Maiagan Maxandran M^iavu Maxyigran Mm DileRa Meaco ■•j\ 39^ 139 44 481 48J ni »94 397 84, 8f 482 .. »43 44* Vlfiivmatricum Chi U4 hteihlantnfs Vueatua 243 MedioUtium 34 »Ui'flanitm^ Mediofanitm, Meiimatriet . ixtf Mtditer^nean Sea 344, 34 <;, 4$ 2 1 4<^£ Mtdnilii Medojlanium Medulm mens Wdmf;b Murk I M^4/4 Tl^ira N»*ii f;*- yieandtr, Mtandm ¥1. 356 Mmm 37 iW-wtft 43, 44 M«t;^E. and W. 4f , 4f MwM 2 9^, 344»389, 39b Mecca dtfc. its Princes 390, i .'391 MMifttf • Mnba aH Uicblm Mecbean Mechoian />j-.if ^344, 383 1 3J7 182, 187 - 577 179 Meccltnburg and its Diitchy defc. 150 Mecmft. ^ 433,435 Mei**- V'*'^ '^361 MtielpadU 69 JiStdmblickaMeimUek. \6t Medes -392) 402 .MedfeiU '- " : » • - #68 'MiKfrik ■e:i..I'"5ite; ' 99 Mftfirt J.94, J97 •Medicea Otns . i 1*7 Meditfm iRulr.jpJI Medina def:. 344, 3^6 Mri/M 94 '.jj-j-J*. ruh Mtlittt Inf. 48^, f40. and C^ty , ;fi ; f4i Meml if rU ii 'Memelitim ^ 8 5 Utnimingen 139 Mtmnon 40;, 490, 50) Mtrajhit 401, 4pi, 4y7, MejntlKt mont x 8( Menancabo ... 4^5 Wnayfl. ,34 Mendejian 4^4 MendtJ!du Princes ' 491 Mendon ^c8 Mtndtifi '.^\ „■ 2Z7,x3o MeneUus 377 MwfvAi ,^..; V, />c3tf Mengrelia :;v,:-^, '; 4»J ATw/nx ,^,^, 487 MtnoufiA .;-,;.t':k3^ 457 TSlenraliA »i> R^fW^ III, xxf, l»7» liS Aftwe ^.>^^ 347 Meoticklac. 89 Utrctntil and Comnio. 47^ Mfrc/>7 Mtrgentbtim. , ^ .131 Wrr^«*«w .. ibid. UergUnt 410 AfiTiV* 107, J79, 581 Uerindol Maflacre x^i Meriridida's . 417 Vleriniarum Maflacre 138 Mfriennh 33 Mertjcb 99 Mfrit K. SepuUb. 497 f/lerisLae. 490 >f(fr» >. 40 Merofes Inf. dife. 37 J Mnepm ,,?^. . J*° Ktrevingii .^l V,i8i* Mrrovn/tf»Ra^ x^ai Xtrry-m%S ,- Jtf5i^ Mrrx5«Kf;g 14^ fcV. ibii \^eljndran ' ' •'v.J^4 ^i^^iflrmbria iti , ,^efopctAtnU' 34tf i*/f ■' J 5'4» ^efpbilio R.. ',. . 600 AfMU 490 W« 3 8 7, 47^ AfeiJi?w4 its Coins, Weights and Meafures 31^^ Meffenia 18 x i^ejftnUns ,.,,.;i a8^ y^tffmA d^fCrr-'^^' .»J<>»f7 M»fi/rKing ,"' ' .,. 430 mejvinum IJ3 Metacmpfi 5©* Metittum " '.-v " X4J MOAiufire 97 ^ 100 M«rf«r« F/. i49 Metelirte City . -, ' ' 4 »83 M»m ' x»< Mitling :*' 144* 149 Mttofj Inf. x88 Mrtre/ecit . * »«7 Metrenje Prsitum X49 Afrtro /^. J ibid. Uartpii ,;• . i88 Mttubkvris Fl. ' . lotf Mevat .417 Ifi.evis iefc. ;'wv,<*. J»3 AlfWi 1x7 MtufeFl. If4»i89 Meav/x * .;* »9J Mw4rtJ' J. 1*447 Mexw;:,'. y4r M|MCM»i :}. T i* J44 MrxiMifxilain 578 KlrxfM 144, x^3, J44» J^5, ,^ J7^, J77 >!«»'(• Gnlph 588 ilUxietSat defe, f77ji J*y, ^ifuc/M Siege ^xr'rt Won. Mtydburg M^^dbur^b Meydenburf MiyUni ,^ MU MI 577 J7y Ml "J »J3 '»43 J 04 447 St Michael dt Cepertux »9$ St. Michael City 571, 58& St. Michaels Church 1 7 jr St. Michael Fort 541 St. Michael Jnf 53» Michael raivod of Falacbia, Mithnefs ^^ Miira J{Jr» Midat Middleburg 1^7, zy; 471 x8^ ./«/. J9» «a8 490 Middlefex County. Middletcwn Middlefare >.. Middlefar SoMXid. Middletm Miedyrxacxe I St. Miguel de Tutumen Milampodm Milan xx7, X33 defc X43 Milan City delis. x 43 MUdtic ibid. Mila\\o and its Battle X5:8 Mfldwold I7X Miletum * xjo Miletus 349 i»fii//<»ri Haven - 35 MiU\igiris 4x8 Arr* , its Citadel 6t A6'i/4/ii its Coins Weights ■ . and Meafures 319, - .... 3»o MihH Miltiades Miltm MinR. Mind Miniadi Mindano Inf Mindin MindotA fnf X89 a7I^a78 440> 44« 48* . 49t 4J7 I»3>i3y 4J8 Af/se of Ldpit Cdlitnindrit x»7 ' -^3 Mi M9 MtiuTQwm in Mn^'Tf ^"^^ ■ Minerva't Temple »77» *7* MhigrelU 90, 3>7 if/f. 3tf •^ MMtid mm/ '' xtf Mhdblint — .^ ^ 41 » i»rW4«tt»«'.'* '-^'^-'*- 3ty MMin '^'^! m, Mirmadons •^*'.| 27 j Mirmex '■--''.^ ««i ^87 MfrmiroUx ^^ ,'f' 24 j Mirobslans . "--''^ 4J5 Mtfenum, Mifnus ' t J4 Af^* . ■ 34«' 'Ki^c/4 " 147 Mifrti "■ 400) ^//•rW« '^'^*<}' ibid. //(f''« , L ••^•' ibid. Mitgimur ''"' joo? 'mbridatet 347,}4P,Jfo; M/;c» ^78^f Mi\ram .. V 49q1" Miliar A , ^'' 4^1, j»fo4Wte? , •'■''•/.; 35:0, M^aftdr . ^ * ■ 48x1 fmfrid xj?,x3y, X44 SiO innn ■ »ii fUdfit Inferitr »gi Mi^i Superior t €€t td M^adw Inf. 4ii fAi^tntiacum * ' '? lil Megor 4tt Mo^tt/r Countries , their Commodities , Coines t Weights and Meafures >• ^3J*» 333^334, 343,344 M(i|;M//£mpire6rc. deft. 398,, 40^,41 J, 4itf, 4t7i M(gttntiafM9gufttiteenfit zi8i M^dtcx^ 104, iti, itjl Moldavia z 8, 19, 94, 3! 3,' Moltnga "':':•«' 4^ Mtlimm too Mtlucca Irf 194, x?*, 34i». 344 ^e/f. 4J«, 4J^,4#d wioluccat ' ff4; MoImco*s . "V-* jAji Molycrium :} -• *' xlt, Mwifctf^e f 28 Cit. and Cafl.; , "■.'*»^4' Vlmimies Egypt • '490! M7, Mwwci Prhterptttk] 44X' Nlm^erium 13J'»»38' Menajter 174 M^ruajiro J^ jtf Mo»c/l 33 xil 184 60B »3« 166 497 defe. yi^, '79 *»7, Ml 107 '0* t\ Mm/ M^itr Chrijii Inf Mont Marianui Mont meditd Mommedi Mens Pyraneut Mens Regiitt Mmr Relaxus ' ' Mens Santi mnnoci Monferttf Mmsferrat Monpa Inf. Monjierberg Monjiiers ■ » - Meint Dutchy {. I Sft U? i&ordvi a BulgdrU FL JAtrgvi di SetvU ¥l. ibu Moravia de[c. If6 Moravians ibid. Moraut izx Ft. 156 Mordecai 40 > Morea 19-, 2'7o> »8(» t%t-> M«r^tff 3:!&.I 34* M«r/it j„ri>53 Morgenthai .131 Mvrlaix »' .1^7 Morecc* >94 M«r^v.« gdom 474 Morocco i . V. defc. AQu). Morofini zjSt 177, »to>&B3, »9X Horotfm Fl. ' .3^3 Mwro Fort > »94 M(>rrocco Littlt ) 47S Morfara ' i 444 i/lortif-Aii v-.-^ %9P MflT/o* , V- ■ 39 Mor/« ly^W^rKW * •> ,. Ij>l Uwvedre ia3>9>U M^/i f /. , l»# MftfCibA oc Mi!/c«7» vi77 H^hea . <.:■ xti MifftbiiM ft. ' ibid. M#r^fvi4 . 7> llA^^oiv its Coins, Weights ' Meafiires 310 U .38^ Blorn iQi MitlliVmhy . I Si iara 7» ifdagOM . 474> 4S« Uniit*H • lis MO MU Mmia \tMlint Mmnt Table MMMt R^at 4»3 a 00 Mountaniers oi Apat. 343 MoujiMiNxof theGiants 1 j ) Mc(Mt4i«/of theMoon $13 MoKAM/nr ot the Sim 4^j MflNrf Fojrt . %9i Mturgts ,141 Mtf/fm/fr 118 l/Loyimbiiue Tt7> I>8 City and Oftle 194 Mfciilaw 86 Miubatia \ 47 1 MvcrF/. ' J13 Mn^/ »44 Mufti his Office and Efteem 384, 3?< lAvKovQ- Inf. ti9 MHldawfl. ttji IH Mutenbach $8 Mulhaufen 131, 14I) '30 Mulhufium 13.0 M«/r4n 41 7i 4'^ Mi(/v/« Jl. 473 M«// UAhomtt ofFei drow- "ued 47* MaZ/Xrc^Ke ibid. M«8iM/ex of Boi!)ffii/« ifS Mummiot of E^)*^ 49* Munehen i}9 Muoda'its famous Bat. a 1 1 }AMiidirit 430 Munis 501 Municbia Port 178 Munitk 139 MMrjfer 43, 44> i8f Its Treaty i4x» 150 M«rF/. ' 143 MiflrcM aiz y.uripmts . ..,,' » I'43 tii^raFt. ,. m4 .'^i«J"*''y .«;■.'•.»' 4« Hfurtaj Fritb ^.^ >. 40 3ii,- i/rr4 a 84 lAftelena Inf defc. 374 N. FN HahatbM defc. Nabarca Nacbavan Nadteaft deft. Nadino Hatltrtyck Namna. Haxrdtn Safia^uiA Nagaja MagAjan Tansrt fiagnata Nag<9 Tartarf Jmnca I NA } M^rf*' Nihil ' Nau\ Haifuef of Muiuft Nahifolnf. •'Vi^'''* NatMUr, N,imurcum N4ochan(r v ' ,- j Ndnce'ium iif'arj. ■ Niffty '•■' IV»»cj'' Battle Nargeftqui Ndngierit Nxfiliing Nants Naparis Ft. 4»7 430 187 440 ibia. ^ • ■ ^ ibid. X99i i-i^ 434*447 „ '4S0 438, 440 ,. ■ : 19* 8: ■jTaWe N^V4r Tf). if/,K' «»:. >-^ Narval ■■ Nas Najium ''• Naffaw Najfaw Fort 'Najfmv Port btaffiiw Cat\eneb^en Naffgavf '•Niffivm tiitdia -VJ"?.-. t. Naufchaftd- ]">V»' -v. ; ^30 Hme^jacHt ' ■4r7>4iJ? blauguefeque 196 Naumbar^ 1 46 NaupaHutHf NaupaHtcs zSo ^Nauptia '184 INauplm 1^4,187 iNauponsu ' 144 Naufemuni LoUnt. _ 591 pianos Inf. - i8p Nder-Pfalti ^' J»> Keagh Lake . . 49 Heapolh. ■, . / . '74 At'MtA ' . 3 J Nebuchadneiiar 3 y tf, 3^1, Nebucf^aiono^eif - • y^i NecariMFl. H7.t,xi9 flecaia -■. 483 Necliar Fl. . 'jfii, 119 NecrokiA • i*> »^".w . • -^q^ Arec/7(i Jw]I ^ 289 Nelfabattes '' 49? Negaian Tartars 409 NegapatattVi^ ' 195,428 '^f^'*''* :* . 419 Hetotnbo 29(5 Negrepont 19. In/, and Ci- ty defc. 287 Negrolani >■' 4^7 343 ■ Neg'tf'j " "rojr, «io 417 Negtii Empirt j-io 420 ■ Ne;/ier Ft. ^\t '' 408 i2uw''i'i-6. ' ' ':'"■■' 'in Heopwtus '•■V ,-g Neniefiuttt — ^Tavv\-,jj Ne^tHf i v.^/.r ^- Ner< -' Nerid^'i tlr.^ Neri *:.5U'<: Ner/f/V ; ^'^^ '/ NertHou/itor Inf. Nereberga 13^,14? Nert'sioo Oiurches zcl Nera*' • • "* - ' , 78 Nesbin \ ,.. NefchaHg( ,: V' - 2^y Nejhimeneli . ^'oo Ne/;iLake - '40 NeJterAlba > o^j Af^y^''/?. . 82,89 Nevers j^j HitH Inf. defc, '■ ' . J 71 Neupatria ^ t\ ^^l Nett chateau 3'J-Jivl ' jgj SeWburg f" jj^ NtHfCaJiilte ' • 4^7 Ntwcaftle '• ■ SUSHP'j «oo HtieJknmarli i^g Nfwtnburg ' 231 Nhv.Ettglani 29^. re/. Ww Flufhin^-'mtt 29^ titw-fmHAand , '293. Jn/: ' • iijy- P^.' iify Si6 NtwGktt«hi^ --'--i^^ (Niwhaven '• > 19^ NewbUHfsl lor, ibif, ni jj Ne» l/oi/ s^tf •if rt- -'^'.■''NE NI Hitf ^arfey defc. i97,to 601 New ^arfey E. defc. 60^ Hew ^arfej Weft 601 New ^ar fey Inf. i9S New Kent S9^ New Mexico defc. j8j New NetherUnd 611 Newport " 178, ^08 New Providence Inf z9S defc. S75 Newry 48, 49. F/. 4^ Newjidler Lake 107 Newfol lot New Spain 19$. defc. $7$ Newftadt jtf,iio,ii2 Newfiat 143 Newftra a Signivra. a, dela yiSioriii f 8 1 Newftreet 241 I^ewtown ,■ do 8 Newton 48 NewTorli 19$. Vefc. 6ii, to ^14 New Zealand 6i^ Nexvana 364 Neytra FL 106 Neytracht 109 ift\avalpincintli ^79 Nicaa 240, 347 Nicaa Comitat 227, 240 Nicaa Foretrefs 281 Nicanum Cencil. 347 Nicaragua 584 Nic.iria Inf defc. 374 N/iiww .3 S Nice z 40, 347 Nicer Ft. 122, 129 Nichaa. 347 St. Nichols Jnf jjy St. HichotiK 116,611 Nicholf Co\\oTi.d 6ii Nicbor 3 47 Nic^cles 3:' 7 .Nicolas 78 St. Nicholas Fort • 1^3 N/Ve/o Port . 278 St. N/co/o 2^0 Nicopolis i6i,Z76 Nicomedes 3 49 Nicomedia dtfc. 347 Nicopui 6t, ■ NI NO N/Vur . 347 N/C(5/f4 37, i7<^, 188 Nimmengen 122,149 Nimroi 389, 393, 410 N/wj 49 y Nineveh defc. 3f4, 3^ 381 Ningpo 441 Ningiie ibid. N;«Kj 393, 411 Niomene Convene. 3.73 N/;»poB 44 y N/>« 40 N(/I • 2S3 N/y7i*f 3 y y- Nifmes • 200 N'i/i 410, 4is» N/f«(« 410 Mr/; Fl. 3 9 Nitria 109 Nitrienpsde Neyt/acht 101 Nivaria. , ■ y.31 Niiiche ' 413 Nivernium., Nivernum 1 97 Nivernoii 194,197 Niville 184 Niulham 4,1 3 Nixapa - ,.j8x Nixw /«/. 289 No ' ■ J99 NoJ* '470 No^/'j- Ark_ -401, 410, 4x6 Nw/; and his "VVite 364,j6y R r r r NO NohivA Fl. Nogdy Tartary Nola and its Battle NoUembourg Nomale Nombre de Dior Nonacres mom. Norbo Nor.iOpia. Nordlinghen Noreia Norfolli Ltwer Norica Noricians Noricorum mons Nuricum ixy, Nori-mberg Noria^bfrg i33> 13.3' 123, i3 3> 39 8f af4 134 H3 J6t iZ6 200 63 y9i 143 143 U8 '/ Normandy y4, ii)i, :94jt9y Notmans 43 Nort Fl. . .,- yStf Nortgow , X40 North-Bueland . 167 Northampton . y 9 2, 608 Northatijen x 47' Northumberland 592." yicrth-JValey 33 North-ff^ f Amnictt ^ 1 8- Norlingen ■ 139 Norway 18,21, yy,y8 Norwich 31, do« Nofenfiat 97 ■,9^ Notredamei Church 175', 195,196 Notenburg 70, yy Nb?o and its Scituation 2 y 7 Ncv4 Franc ia defc. . ^14 Nov^z Valanlia. 106 Novarx 44 Nov4 Roff?,i 271- ?Vdv4 5'cot/ NO NU NY OA OB OC. OC OD OE OF OG OL /875 Ntvogrodt Little 77 Noreenburg Ntfereth Nubia a67, atfc. Nubian Nubians Nuchal Nuit\ Numantia Numidia Numidia propria Numtu^ NtimmvA Ntinning Nunfanwid. Nunyang Nuremberg Weights aad Nurnberg Nus Ft. Nymphaa Inf. defc. Njm\ameM Njflct Nyffit 7h 7^ Great 77 114 jo8 481 494 - 4^3 196 ZI4 f03 48-t i99 44* f94 440 143. its meafures 311 i33» 143 590 37J 399 70 181,420 O. OAfis magna Oafis parva Oat ax Obehan Fl. OberSachfen Obertriti . ' " Obraox\a Oby fl. •' Occa Fl. ' ' Occafacci Ocea ' ■■] '• '■ ■". Oceania Ocean AtUnticfi -i Britifiy -iCantiibrian fc. ■' .Ducaldonian -^r. — German Myptrborem Northern ' Oriental' OceanKi VO(hryd(k JfC 5^1 ibid. 471 417 14^ U l6l 19 77 447. ■'■ 487 4 S^, $60 Sot J3t 40; I> J71 47 f 3-76 401 1 7P 242 loo 2iO 224 1 04 '49 143 447 172 ifS J..5'24 2 8;j 37y 354 471 130 I69 128 277 2«i 401 45"^ »3f lOI l4P 97 3* Or&eteil/H^n 22^ OrbiteUo *J3 Orcades . ! 41 Orchro 69 Orchont 152 Order of St. Brf^/ 274 Orier of Chrift 212 Ortfi^r/x 401 Orfnojae jtfo Orfw/e 209 Orf/wi 59 Ore/f« , 272 Orfidefc. , 314 Or^tfTio 40 J Or/|:«i 4!>4 Or/gMCMM 178 Or/wgjf 210 Or/WM/ ibid. Orivetanum Territarium 216 Orixi X96 Orkney 41 Orleanct 197 Vrlenoife • \ »34 Ormtttd Duke 4^1 y I Ormus i9f^ 3^1 381, 389» 19 X. defc. 40 2, 40 f, 406 Ormufta 40 f Orodienfu de Cxongnd lOX Ororuac Tobacco 593 Crontes Ft. 3?! > 352 Oropus 279 Orofpeda 20^ » 207 OrpanusFl. ... 106 Orphadefc 354 Orphea Fl. 28^ Onhei 40 Orrhoai defc. 354 Orjel Tnj. 66 Orthura 430 Onigia 348. inf 288 CrtijfiM 2oA»^^«f 471 Oure Fl. 44 Ourfa defc. 3 5^4 0»r/^»e Battle 224 Ousbec Tartars 394 Ousbeg defc. 4 10 Rrr.r 2 385 380 364 447 176 I 39+> 408 4it »73 572 p. PAcand 443 Pachtlioiitcheuli defc.} f 9 Pachathcoufi defc. PaHoIks Fl. PaHya Inj. defc. Padan-Aram defc. Paderbcm izz, Vadoua Vidua. fc.i69 ibid. 34J>>3yo 289 123 13J 247 »3* 279 54t '43 S6i 428 420 295 440 377 19% 45y "4,287 Paapolis Vamandria Pajiain Vtetovio Vie\es Paged Pagothu's Val^an Paining Palapaphos defc. Palapoli Palambuan Palamedts Palatinat of the Rhine 129 Palatinm Inferier Rheni ibid. PaU 294 Palene 27^ Palermit$ Scituation,Buil. dings and Haven 25$ Pales -/• »« Palejina $fi ValejUne 3(;o, 351, 385 Palejirina 250 P<«// Count. 103, lit Palibotbra, Paltbothaa 43 f Palimbam t90 Palimban ^ff Palladium , . |^| Pallecate x^g Pallene' 274 [Prf/»i<«247. defc. 531, yji Palmiu PA PA PA PE PalnmrFl. 587 Valmelia azt Valmirx 352 Valviofii Inf. defc. 375 Palmtree J73 Pfhnyrera Jfi PduiLibiirnia X45' Vahnus Mxoth 90, ^66,^67^ 382 P4»»rfr/^o Fort * 29J Pamaunfiee 59* Pamberga '1 13* VambriotH 179 PambudikiUji 549 Pamifus Fl. " ' 283 Pampelorta 214 Vaviphylia ' 34^ Pamportii 144 Pamyftts Fl, ' 28^ Pan ' joo Panadacia ' ' ' • ■ 97 Panama 294 Panama Ifimtfi 545' Panama defc. 559, 5^2,570 Panarvan, Vanarucan 4jy Prf«<:;' 458 PandaUa 2^8 P/iwg: /z£ F/. 417 Pannonia looj 123 Pannonia Super iot 109 Prfaorww 278 PrfwoiT 491 Pi^Hi- Pipe 350 Vantalarea Inf. 485 PrfnrsJJoi 494 Vanti\apaan- 91 Panuco 577 Pifjfwo Prov. 587 PrfWttM ' 57 9 PanyfusFl. ■ ' zi6 Vaifiing 440 Vaones 1 00 Paoting;- ' 438 Prf^<« ^ 112 Fapeberga > 131 Vapenheim- ' 138 Vtipenkems 137,141 Tapbia Inf. defc. 27 g VAphia Cit. defc. • ibid. Paphlagonia 34^ P55a Paraiba 294 P^wn^z 551 Paranda 424 parapagia ' 279 Paraymw ty8 Partntum . 247 Prfrw^o H»id. P4r/* 5^1, 5^3 ParimeLac. $60, $61 Pario Inf. defc. 289 Prfw i94i3 P«"*9^>433 PerathFt: 3^3 Verche , ' :94, 197 St. Per^^o 2 1 f Veregienfis deVerit^AX loi Verga 276 Pergamus defc. 347 Per^e/ 82 Vtricoinf ^$9 Verigort 194, 199 Perigeux 199 PeriHus 258, Perinthfci 272 rr I ptrifcovf « ; 4C» per«/> .^ ' " 78 Permmbuco < , . 194 Perpignan - ^219 Perpir>hnun ibid. Perjandt Fl. _ 149 Perfepotif defc. i's ancient Splendor and^iches 3 9 f, 400, 401, 402 Pery?^ _ 344 Pfr/>iZ_ Its Commodities , . Coins and Meafures 383, ,. . , .331,332 PerjiA Its Emp. defc. 407, to y^i Per^iM Gulph 34^ Per/ian Sea 343, 34^, 3^3j 35^3. 3i?^ Perjians 342. Deteat.3fo, 356 Perfiam flain 279 Pm^ 39, ^03, tfo4 Pert us F I. 2x9 Pfr« 294, y44> 545, 5<5j IJe/f. yj^ to jy? Peruans s^^ Peru Kings ^43, y 77 Perugia 249 Perugianus Lacus and Com- pafs ' 2yo Pfr« Mines jyS Pfrw/: 249 Peru/ium Territorium 2zi Peruvia defc. J4f Pefaro 249 Pefcarda Port 2^. Pefcenius Niger 3yo PefchetPort . 390,391 Pf/?rf 3^3, 3^ 34S Pffi.-J-!/ PH PI Phockni fhcLUJa Infid, Phnbus Phole Mo. . ^horonia. Pboronexi Phratita. . Phraates Phrurium Prora. ■ Phrygiu. major Pbrygix minor Phut Phyle ■'■ . Piitcenxa. Piafcus a Duke Pica Gens Piccardy Picbamauls Pico Piciavorum CivH PI PL PO 101, iSi 177: i8i 37J a8y ibid. a84 401 ibid. 177 ibid. 472. 178 a4f 81 ^^7 X?4 45 3; 98 ^ii 37i 4°2 43 J *3s> 373 284 •3^7 377 118, 2275 140 i7f P/(?j . Piedmont 1 8\ 2 3 {. ' Dejc. < Piemont * Piergo Pieria Pigantra, Pigiada Pigivitas- Pigmalion Pignerel Piidna Pilfen Pifagard Pifiina Pifcaria Pijcataveay Pi ft turn Mare Pi/'dt Pi/idia PifJno Pijioya Pit an I ittvia Pitau PithA Piiigliano Piuacus Pitjufi Inf. Fixes Pi^ario Placentia. Placenta Plaijance Bay Plaiti Planiiia Ft. 400 22? 2 74 tf04 90 487 346 217 4.17, 420 8r 69 *y» 374 ibid . »45 208 »93 123 2?y,285 PO Podolia 84, 87, 88 Peel '\ll Poefjk Inf. defc. jyy Veittiers and its Battle 198 Voiiiou Viint Negrel Poliatitt St. Vol de Leon PoU Polaguia PoUnd — Delcription — Original ■Commodities 194 87 197 247 84.87 80 8i " — City of Salt ibid — Rivers jbid. — Garb, Religion , Cavalry, Gentry, Hurf?-; g, —Weapons and Divifions Pimble Mere ' . . 34 ; Pinapimi 4^4 ] Pinarolium 240 Pinarolo ibid. Pindut Mom 277 Pinefer Mens. 141 Pingiany 439 F/n/4w^ 443 , Finnenberg $6 Pinela 483 Pinnonde Vele\ Fort 473 Fi«j^/ 87 Piniuria j 3 1 Piombino defc. 2^3 ^'■""^o 447 Piremont 136 PiroboridavA 96 Pirum 98 Pz/d rfe/c. 2 J I rf3 UP/4f<« J 45, jji, Z^e /j P/dM 294 PUtavim Ft. 281 P/4;m - 279 /-/^-o 271, 49^ r'laiema's 278 Plutonium 34.: Plit\ee ;o7 Plavialie ' • 5:31 P/eWii F/. ^62 Plefcou 76, 78 Ples^aw 147 Plir.ienburgh iii Tlinies where born 244 P/ccif/eo a.y, 8^ P/o''« ; f,g Ptuitalia S31 Pluitania ibid. Plumbini principatus 22^, i27 P/«/7o . 212 Plutarch 271,279 P/«to'j Fane 28^ Plymouth '" ^08 Plymouth Colony ibid. Po Fl. 49 Pocomelie F/. J94 — Clipper and Lower' I Polecaftryi Vol^g. PoUgHt Polinices VoUeroon PoUind ' •■" • PoUiopice 'oloc\ti Poi,oxii Polycegos Inf. defc. I olybita >> '>'0lycarp Poi.ydore Virgil Poma Cydmn Pomonia Pompelon ?cmpelcpolif Pomerania 118 8y 2J4 87 278 4S9 273 24i 84 289 28J 348 249 290 41 2:4 91 149, 2 Jo ^7f, 347,3^^5, 3^9 defc. Vompey .,,,j Vmpeys Pillar Pons Milvius Pont d' Effect Vont Fella Pont Molt Pont Molle Pont Vedra, Penteba Pontick Cherfonefus Pmitum Mare 499 248 112 14? , 227 248 209 I4f 89 ibid. Pontics ^ ' P o VtntmViUtt iS9 I ?ontus 34^ Pont us de la Garde 70 pmui de la Gardit 78 Pm/ ^onas ^»3 ?opajam • 561 Popayen 5t>3 Vope his Eftates 148. Hii Titles »4?j *Jo Vopiel K. 8 c- Porca ■■ .- *S6 Vorcelain 433 Porie/rf«e •• • 44° P«r«|; 143 Port Antonio f6y Portal Port 113 Pert Vefire defc. J47, J4t> Port Famine ! _ 5 4> Port CtdUant ibid. Port it. George 5^9 Vort J'uUan defc. 548 port Loi/» IV7 Port it, Maries xio Port rfej Jifo/'w 130 Port Morant jo> Ptrt Aom/ $69^61^ P«rt /cnerftf 218 Vorta de la Plato $6$ Vorta t err ex 271 Vortele^re 124 Vortius Gratia i^y Porto ioj, 212, 123 Porto 4' ^/e ^ 2y J Vorto Belo Jtf2 Porto Farina 28 j VortoBetiuio 227 Porto Ferruro 227*258 Porto Lione .. 278 Porto Lon^tie 258 Porto Raphai 278 Porto J?/Vo jgc Vorto Santo ' x..s, and other places in the £rf/i an<< ;fe/t-f»- ro PR Vvttugues Lofs PortMj Brittanicus Portt'j Calenfti Portiis Galiorum Porus ' eJliriacHS ortus hlercote > ortiu ^ecius Partus Lauterantts : ortus magnus Portus Mormorum Portus Pyrtms • orns Porus Inf. Pojcga Pojtgienfis de Pcfega Pojen Pofna ycfon I'ojonienfis de Pofon Pvjjoniuin Potaniia Potegliano r Otoji I'oto/t Mines Poumaron Powhatan F/. Poww Caftle Poir^ Land •^orvleway Ptyentiatanli Voyli\i Mont, Powuolo ' PR PS PT 4«J 1^4 212 21 *53 194 208 481 194 278 414,^17 i88 idTo, l6l 101 %6 8y lo> 201 109 490 217 ffi, JJ8, yj> J43 560 34 33' 196 28 9 ! Preiopenfis 89 Ptsiopia pi Pregt^iti 1 49 presbourg 1 09 Pisbiifgl) i$6 Vrejiuine jy prwi/tfr or PreJ?tfr Jo/'n his Donanioni 4i 1, 412,413 j Prejjitfnnej 410 I Vrejter^obns Kiogdom y lo Prejfer Chan Vrijiir ^an Peiroiil Preveja Inf. ■riamam . ibid. »47,»7 and Power 380 pritero 539 Pri.iceinf 5 3y Pr/nt/»^< invented 117,128 Proibvta Inf. 2y9 '' iM.eiheus S"}*) 3^J ProKontorUm Iceum 1 94 Promontorium Sacrum 224 ^^rtmoniorium Sunium 278 Propontii 2^9, 271 i^rojerpines Fane 29^ Pro/n-t /{. , ,, 8y Projtavi^a ; 268 Protejtants firift fo named 118 Proi^Mce iy4, 101. Providence . 608 Provincia Patrimonia iz6 Pruc^ 143 i^rKwx Port yj8 P''«i'« ?47 Pr«/7•> yi4 P//ra 2. '• 3y4 Ptolomaui the Geographer 494. His Birth place yoo ptolomausLagiis 491 Ptokmais 488 Ptolomais Ferarim yn Ptolomeus Philadelphus 493 — I lis Library 499 iHolomies of C^^'/it ten 49a Ptp/ow;' AiUaes ibid. Ptoluniy ^66 Ptolomj Pbrkielphus 3 y o ;^V / i>T "inf I'v^'fii dtl RA R A R I: Vhdlen Jo)f .-^•- 13^ I ^lercetum _■■•'■■' 180 R-*/?/;?/; Mount. • .. •> ^ \*ttfr ide C:r.U ibid. ^uiilingburg 117 R4mme{ens ■'- igj VnhMi ..W'j "457 ^iisr.is 240, 241 Rampo Mar, {9 zy.,^ I'ulo Cacem 43? • 'k.uierquenc . . 487 Rdmpo Pineto ibid. Vuni'{.i dd Einperador i'3 •l^w /■//.{ '" • 44i Ranoi '. 410 Vutjrcs Ju^ujtia 8^ ^ilimarre 294 Rantipore ibid. Viueoli Jf4 ^«/7o.i Crf/J/. ibid. Raperchfwili. j.^ Vutteit •>*• I6'4 •i^iloa J 17. I(/»g. 528 RapersviU ibid. PKXffrt ♦• ■ yn ^imper Coremin. 1 97 Rapboe ^g VylxCHicit 3J0 •^inHmcpolis 1 94 Rappahanoc R. ^91 Vyla Hyberrx 371 ^inque Ecclejix 112,113 St. ^limin 194 R4mj:nR. ^iyang , ^. 44a Rathal-Albagb defc. 388 Wyreml Mmes 206", 113, i^ilA * * 481 Ratiajluni 199 . ' , . ,....,.. -119 •^«nti? 440 Ratibor jjj Pyrrhai 'ns n^yanycabamc • j'j2 , Ratisbone J40 ijfyrrhus '• /471 1*75 ^8j .Vi i-.; ': Rattan-Sea ' 90 'Vyrrus - Rdtieburg iSOyiSi J?ythagorM 374 . 494 R. Rat^enmarii Tnf. 104 .V)tbia 28r RAVrf SiT TJ MbFl. loy JlV. R" Prince loy Redaftim z-jz ' ^eenborow ? 8y R-^^^'A 18, 19 Rei-Heads .' ••398 *^eens County 4f R4^m/* defc. • 2(^4 Rednhi-FL 133,138 ^^eensTowti -. 4^ Rajapotir 42^ Rfii^M 381, 38a, 390,4^1, ^eincbeu 438 Rit/d'j-defc. 4^1 7» 419 5^tf ^elpueres 445 Ralnero - 274 Rei i-kw^j . • 41 ^itmoy .. 438 Kalisanabsj 487 Ret r«/. -201 / Regensber^b KE RH Kegensbergk Reggh ;, Rr^ia RegU Alter t ' ' RegiUiatiKi Resit Rtgium Lfpidi Retn6 di HApoli Rch(Aoam » Rejjfokr Re inert ^ Renfrew Rennet Rentburg KefMsk^ Oftrd Refcht Refem Inf. Refidium Republica Genuenpt ( ,' 140 »44 i^9 43 167 1^6 144 »3r 174 4P 197 n 79 3i?4 X96 JOI 141 Refpubtica Lucenpt 117,2 3 ^ Refpublica S. Mtrini 117 Rejpublica Feneu ii6 RejUhowA 78 Revenge 196 Los Reyes yj? Ke{4n 7f J 78 Rhamus 394" RbmtiA 133 Ri»e«/ 130 Rhagum* 391 Rbaumata " 3^3 Rhamnut 278 H^i/zi- 387 Rhaiundii defc. 401 Jl/be F/. 7n4 29<( Rimini 149 RimoCaJlri 279 L(( Rinconadi y8o Rin^ei ^o R/o 194 R/e Demardry i^y R/o Efequebe Fl, ibid. R20 Grande 4^^ R/o ie /x> Z>0 61 '•i^ tt Rofano Rofat^ Rofes ^ofchibt — Treaty ktfcommm Q, 4^. Town jo kofetta _ I Rofettt ^'' Rojienne Rofmanhaum Rofne 193. Rofs R^anum Rojft .^ Rof^tts^ the Stage player his 300 747 *fy 7^ 'i dayly pay Rofthou Roftocli defc. Rojtof Rotor Rotas difc. ... '^ Rotenburg " ' ' Ratenorum Ci. Roterdam, Roterdumm Roterdam Fort RoteviUtt ■ Rothentarn RDthes Caftle RotbomaguA Rotterdam Rotweel Rotrveil ' ^ Rotwiel Retijioeli. Rffven Rovergne Rovigo RouJiUo* defc. Roujfy Eaildom Rvpply Rwana 130 103 40 I9J 121 ibid. 230 If I ii)4j i^i? 147 219 181 , 240 377 • ' 140 31 SaUaiienfis de Sattawar. lor SuUyoTSale 471 Salodorum 230 fi/fHtf .227,280,281 Defc. 2^3 Salonicbi defc. 274 Salonichi Gulph ibid. j'ij!/ 3^° Samaritans 3^9 Samarobriga , Samarobrina i}>4 Sambal 417,420 Sumbos 45^ Sambraca . 218 SambreFl. ill Samen sn^ u^ Samian Yeffeh 37 y Sammachi defc. 372 Samogittit 84, 87 Samoides 410 Samora 104 Samos City dufc. . 374 S<«»iOJ Jny. i/e/i;. 291, 34+ y^woj Ztj/. its Compafs 374 Samofatha 35" 2 Samot brace Inf. " 288 i'rf/wai or Samofcb R. 99 Sana F I, 232 ,San/i.i ,390 |i'<«ff«rrf '^' 198 15'«nfl'rf C/rfJ*** -' f 38 SanffaCrux 474jJ74 ^jj 270, 5^0, 38^, 387 Srfrice*?^ difcomfited . 197 Sardinia 18,19,22. Iw/. J3J. rff/c. 2f8 Sitraednea " '^> 393 Saragoca '\ 213 Stragolfa ' 207 S'4w ^ 252 Stfr^raf/S* '; i2tf Sar '• 394 S«rcfi/e 483 Sardanapalui 349>3f393 Sardtgna 258 Stfrifc- rfe/c. 347 Stfrrfew /«/; 2 J 8 Sar/fonicus Rifui 2j8 S3Jo Saturn Z90 SaturnU "' ' aij Sdvj 404 Srfvd^e Coaft j«o Savana's 590 SivAria ^ 143 St. S(tV4tiM 188 S4ve F/. 260, a^i„atf7 SdvMxR. 47 y Sivo 142. Iw/. zptf Sttvolay 70 8ivon4 241 Stfvw i8, 19. defc. 23^,237 Surg 134 Sduvsy defc. 404 SavtaFl. r 01,1 22 S4^/», j'tf^.f j j'tfiK, S4ve Fl. ibid. Sixtfwiw 487 Sdxenhaufen 1.33 S^ 112 Schinta j i 3 Scbinufa Inf. 28^ Schiovonia %6z Schiroi defe. 398,400 Scbironides Kupes til Schirufitim 400 Schirvean 324 Schlavonia i6o chlefien., Schlejtngen 157 ScWe/?rf4 1 81 Schletia t6 Sebnehet^ 113 SciixiOTifr^ D. .47 Sf^OBfn J 5 , 6Vf, f 9, ^i, I yo Schonhomn.^ Si htnhovii: 16^ Sebouton J47 Schorven 167 Schremnit^ no Schut Inf. 104 Schwaben 131,13^,138 Schwanberger Albin 1 23 SchreArtx Fl. xjrfi ^(hwartiburg 147 »3» MI »I7 '3J ii8, SC SE Sebwariimburg Scbwstt Schweianitx Schwerin Scbwinfort Scbwitierlandt defc. Sebvfuters 11.9 Schyrgcbatb T 491 Sciam 353 Scimta " 49^ Sciatbut Inf 288 SciburgiuM ^g Sciltaro ' 25 g Sfw 287. /»/; 344- i>e/c. c •*• 374,383 Scipio 486 Sc/rox 288, U4 Sc/rfVM ij'4, 2tfl SclAvonU 18,21,112 Defc. 2iM 274 ScyllAB.upet ' 257 S^tAw 73^j7i^j^5 Sf/t^w Mrr* C;* /jrtrA Imaum 407 SeytbiAH Cberftnefuf 89 ScytbiAns 57 ScythicM Pontua 89 Scytbiutn Promontorium 289 •Sm e/£gM?i |g -^Balticf^ l^ — B/^tf^ 18 -—Euxin ibid • — Fretoji ibid. — Mdr MAggfore ibid. —-'MArdiMArmorii ibid. r—Mart hymen ibid. SE StiMirt Vrofomit iS '■^Afediterranetn ibid. — Pslut MeotU ibid. — TariM ibid. — Jl^ite , ' ibid. •—Zabaqtie ^ ibid. Seaconf^ ' tfo8 SeatrBiy J 4* j'fiie 3 8 J, Sebdl^t f 01 S.fidi/f* 36tf Sebajiia jjo St. Sebaftixn io8 Hebjjlian Cabot ibid. St. Stbafiian and Silver Mines 581 Stbafiiopolif 347 Sebendunum 218 Sebenico defc. i6^ Sebenit joo Sebenitet > - 492 Sebennk 4pi, yoo Sebennitian 4^4 Sebesliares Fl. X04 ff&tt K. 414 Sec/iavi x 43 SediFatimi ' 40f Sedumm 233 Sffi Sha 404, 4oy, 417 S-egrfr R. J 49 i-^ffcfrt J 7 5ygei/ 104 Seielmeffa . J04 6'egefwar 98 S€ghex Inf. defc. 374 Segsdttnum 199 Segontia, Stguntia xi6 Secontia Secuntia ' ibid. SegontialaHa ibid. Segolia-, Segulia 1 1 f Jtgor 5'egre F/. ,117,118 Segorbe, Segorveh^obrega 213 Segovtfus 190 Segovia 207,215 Segrjia New 453 SegofvitxA - 261 Segnra de U Froniera y 8 1 Seguftntu MarchionatM 239, 240 Segufturh Segufo 140 SB Le/ i'e/c^pj rfr Bitbar/ 487 Seidtfchecber 349 Seididag 174 SeiUaFi. ' ' " ii6 SeinFl. Jjf i"f/iie F/. 193 Se^v^w . . 143 SeUvgar • ' ' ^ 9 Setburg 61 Seleuche-^elber 352 SeleuchiA jf:, 3^2,402, 410. Pe/c. 3y^ SeUucm 352, 3^^ Jf//w 3y^3?8»403 6'e//»i Emp. 493 '^elimbria 272 Selimui fecundtts 374 Sell^irfi 39 Sella 471 i'f/w 293 Selimus the Firft 3tfo, 3 594 Sever»4 3yo Srjierf^i 84 . Sev// 337,33?>344 Stanguung 440 Siaphas dejc, 400 Siaua Inf. z88 S/fctf 417 Siberiti 73, 79, 410 SiamhiA 107 SicaniA .*?7 Sicinm .\ ibid. S/V . 7^,77,81,84, 26 Smyrna its Weights, Coins, Commodities and Mea- fures3z7, 328, 344,347 — Scituation , Strength , Trade , Populoufnefs , »3J 443 289 419- 43* 418 Z96 101 l6t ibid. 81 394 261 ibid. xos 66 ^33 47 38o yf4 ^99'> ^X)o 44,47 58 49, fo 56, 57, y8 ibid izz ; no 171 V: 8, 200 Seb^inM efft ^U 443 289 419 43 i 418 3.S6 lot ibid. 8x 26l ibid, tog 66 ^n , 475 ! sot 3 f 0,380 S99 ^99, 6x)o 44>47 58 4P, fo ^> f7y J 8 ibjd 8 200 f'MtU SO Sobietslii ^obn Hobietsii K. Sobrarbia Socal * iocanix Secheu Soccnufco ■'■ Socrates Socum R. Socy)ua, Scc^ovt Soejt SofaU Caf. Sogala K. Sognies Sobam Sohar Soijfons Soland Gpefe Soldin Welfare Solii Ofpidum tulms Solomon Selotnon Inf. Solomons Temple Solon i7i,z88, So/or Solotburum Soloturn Soltwedet Solva Solveay R. Solifel Solyman i8a,i8y, Soljman the Firft Selyman the Great Somerset R. Somerfet Count Sonde Inf. 344> Sonde Streights Sonderovf ¥l. Sondrio Songoro F/. Sontba Soptftpa Sopers Soph Sophi Sopbid) Sophie y 43* 8z 96 Z14 80 401 439 - 583 271 ^66 96 127,13^ 234 J24 408, 3^4 183 ' 380 i9i 191 41 35* 24J 498 13J 380, 389 2?4 31? 377, 494 a^4, 196 23X %2P, 230 J48 144 37,35 148 311,403 347 379 35 S99 454, 45J 454 400 234 4x3 224 427 tfl2 2^7 . 395 ioJiA defc. 268,381 ■ so SP Sophia Mof'Jiie . . 271 Soph una 3^5 Sophonesba 4*^4 Sopronienfis de fopron. i o i Sou * 420 Sorcit di Taraone 495 Sorft 417 Sor/fZ 214,231 ^cronam 295' Soj-/«/. , 282 So/To/'o/i 273 Sovabe 13^ So«Mi/ '5, 59»<'2 La So«r/V SeuriSian 3 y 1 So«/« 4?^ So«/?fr 402 South BeveUnd 167 Southampton Harbour^ be- '^veen Page 574. and J75 ^Somh-Wdes 33 S;^ 188 La Spachia Mont 290 Spahan^ Spaharvn defc. 399 Spahi's 385 Spain 18, 19 S/'rfi» defc. 2 o 2 to 2 o 7 Spala^o , bpalatim defc. 262 Sprfnwrrfj defeated 487 Spaniards difcover America 544 Spaniards their Countries, Forts and other places in the rre/i and E<«^ In- dies Z9^j 294 S;fl»(/fe Fort i77 Span'jh Inf 293 Spanifh ' Netherlands defc. 174,178, 183? Spanifl) Piovinces i8, ij9 Spuntalui 232 Sj'-irM 284 Spartans defeated Sperrver a Ship ipinalonga Fort S/'/Vf 117,121, S/i/V/n^ Bay Spifito fanSlo 294, 4 ibid. Stadthonft 16 1 Stxcades Inf. 201 S^ii^/^rij 274 Stiiin 109 Stalamine Inf. 281 — its Mineral Earth 28? Stambol 271 Stamphalia Inf 289 Sr(Z/jcor3i4.3->3>344 Its Coins and Weights ' rjr 33r»344 SumAtfA Inf. defc. 4; 4? 4 y y Sumbes ' K/ 1S9 St. Sume ■ : yyx SumhoA ^^.■. 4x3 SumifcAfAC •ip^.'- 1^9 iurenAm SurigA Surinam R. Suri'^'^n SurmArchani Surty County Susdefc. Sus Prov. S«jR. SufA defc. Sufaon Sufatum SujdiL Sufe Suf}Am defc. Sufi Ana SufquAhAnnA Pons St^ex Count. SUVM Suvinfurtum Svfdi SvfAmfield SvAnfey SwArtsbourg SvPAtiAch Fl. SwArtienbsrg Count. SwArtiwAi J '., 123, 47 y y5o 344 y9i yo4 47+ 474,47? 400, 401 4^9, 473 127, I3i 544 J9t f04 47+ '74, 47 y oo, 40Z i^^* 475 *7, ij,y 16 240 'o, 40Z '4, 38i) ^00 ibid 4c 547 f55 4I8 ^08 , 147 1 40 124, "■■* 5\V SY SZ TA Stfcdes 43 SrreepjUJies f47 Jiri'wo a Conqueror ^i, ()ti/f - 487 Syconians 282, 285 5>f«c 4<''5', yo2 Sjlvian Kings their Seat 2yo SmatTAlnf. i9h^9^ S')nops 37y .yv;/'4x 2 7» ^^/i^rx's Queen 4^4 Sj/racon 49* Syracufa dtfc. ay7 Syrajlene 418 Syria defc. 34^, 3^, 3«3 6'yrU propria SJi Syr lack Characters 439" 5>r» 4<^5 Syrophanicia 3 y i 5>«fj the two 487 S\ombitel 109 S^vfeiik."' Ziemia 6 s T A T. TAbaera, Tabraai Tabago Taharco Inf. Tabarque Inf. Tabajco defc. Tdbarefian Taberna \ Taberyi labiloU* Table Bay Table Mount Tabor TabriJiAn 483 574 484 ^69 y8i 394 134 403 ^96 19$ lyy 394 Tacaan Tnf 434 Tacape 4«7 Tacaie Fl. 514 Tachemimpto yoz Tacheur Fl. 166 Tacola 433 T-acomma Fort 296 Tacompjon yo2 Tacony 459 Tacupa Tames 487 485 Tadoufac 293 Taduojac /o 274 Tarfo,Titrfui 549, 3yo Trfrwr Kingdom of Tangu 439 Tart aria 18,19,21 Tartars ij. 88,90,92,341, 343. S9h 437 Tartars Afiaticli^ 75 T<:r'ifrj European 73, 92, 93 Tartars Dobruce 96 Tartars Oriental 4 1 s, Tt Taffo Ifif. tatagtr Tatri ScUvis M, Tatttt 41 7» 4ii Tavafc9 dtfc, 5 8 1 T,iubes Fl. 133 Tavejiria 7o Tai'ilii, Tdvirj, 12,4 Tavorentitim 101 TauroCdjtro *78 Tmrentium ^oi Taurians 89 Tanrica Cherfonefxi 8j?, 408 Tauriem Pomxt 89 Taurini Tauris 371, Pe/c. 40 ^ > Td«r^ Civit. :,-A Taurifci i44 Tauromedium * 5 8 T(i«r«4 Affl. 345, 344^ 3y°> 401 Tiii'^R. 35 Tay R. 40, 37) 39 Ttiygeta 282 '/Xy^erws Afo. 28,4 Tdjovan^ Tayvan 443, 444 Tcharmelicfi dejc. 355 TeheleCnU. 37 1 Ttchala . a7<5 Techort ^04 Tecfilenborg 136 J(fc;^/e)' Count 113 tecMntepqiit j 8 1 Teddeles 483 7V^Me/i 47 J Ttrf/rf 474 re/ J 14 Tefe^ara or TV/e/re 482 rejf^« 344 K^w 3^4. Pf/f- 370 7t/t4 475 JV^rf^rt 471 TPegan 440 jn^e/?« J 88 rf^/7 Fl. Tsgmedel Tegodaft Tegorarin Tegra Teguleth Teknt Tejent Teifs Telamon 104, — Its great Battle Telchinu Inf. TelcbinU Inj. defc. Teldes Teleboe Inf. Telenpn Prov. Televoum Teleujtn Tcmarleng Teme R. Temella Temendfurji Tem^s R. Temefne Prov. 105, 288, 3^3 481 47) 504 511 475 474 475 107 37^ 2^0 475 191 481 278 473 413 35 475 483 loj 471 Terga. Tergea Ttmefuenjis de Temefrvar 101 Temefvear iii, 113, i8i Temir Capi 371 Tempe 275, 283 Templim Veneris 2:8 Temrocli 282 Tenarium Prom. 282 Tenaru6 Fl. 240 Tenarus Mo. 283 ■Tenafferi 433 Tenby 36 Tenduc 4U Tenecum 5^9 ,Tenedo,TenedosInf defc. 373 defc. Tenegapatan Teneriffe. 531 Tenes Tenei(ia Terns Inf. Tenjift Teorregu Tepeacaes Tera Fl. Terajfn Tercerd TercU Teredon Tereua Defc. 196 531 482 475 289 475 504 581 21 8 34^ 530 349 357 »8i 230 145 473 133 217. 247 435 96 »305i33 96 . iSo 2i)(J 150 4O5 2^8 175 558 U9 rgejie , . Tergejium Ter-Goes Tergoes a Ship Tergowifch Terlon Ternate Inf Ternato Terni Ternia defc. Ternova Ternovo defc Terra de St. Jndro Terra. Aiiftr Alls _,^^ Tern Aiiftralis incognita. 624 250 .17 541,5^5 538 203, 204 217 54^ 545 34 ji8tf 474 403 yt2, yi« 3<^f 404 ibid, ibid. yri yi6 Tigris Fl. 343, 345, 34e /k/; ^f/c. 289 r/n^i _4jt T/w^/V ibid. Tingitania 471, 4:4 T/«o 2^3 T/«>4io Tremtfanfa 776 Tremithtu ibid. Trmitugt ibid'. TR Til Trenjchin Trent Trepani Treffum TrevA Treves Treviri Trevifi Trica Pricca Tricajfmm Chit. Tridentinum Con/ilium Trideminus Epifcopus Tridinium, Tridinum Triers Trieji Triejle Trigliphon^Trigtiptm Trim Tritnethm Trin ' Trinacrix Trinacria Inf. defc. La Trinidad Trinidado Inf. Trinity Inf Trinity Mine Trino Trinquilimaly Tripoli Tripoli New Tripoly Tri^uetra Trijmegifitst Triton Trivoli TrooT Trochilos Trogloditica TroU Troit\a . Troiii Trophonian Cave Troppaw St. Troll Trorvis R. Troy St. Truyen Tuam Tuba, Tuban »4?,i3y,i47 2j8 ni, 113 X9, 129 129 247 27tf 196 247 217 241 129 147 Hf 433? 435 46 37:6 241 aj7 37r J89 J^i 29y 109 241 29^ 3n, j8i, 382 4^7 4(^y 157 494 453 2yo 34tf 49f 12)8 196 78 %6 X.79 IJ.7 44 347 183 JO 45J TuhamiA fliutn tin U J 1.7 2J8 247 2 7tf 247 227 241 129 453, 455 45 57:6 *4t aj7 37^ SS9 S^l i9f lop 241 2iJ^ 4&7 ^S7 494 453 ITO 49r 78 8^ ^79 44 347 I83 yo 45'J 4rr ntia TU Tubintu Tuhemm Tubing TubujuptM Til- C if el Tucxnun Tude Tugiiim Tuf^ara. Tulcis It. Tulijurgium TuUum TuUy Tulsk Tiimen ■ 171 135 157 483 jn 209 229 481 217 152 ll6 49 fo 410 V^d: Tun o( Heidleburg 130 Tungronum Civit. i88 7H«Af 382, 4^9 /««/> rft/c. 485, to 488 Tunhjng Bay 442- Tmqtiin i'9h^9S)^96 Tunquinefes 434 Timying 442 r«ot 502 2'«r<:oc/;ore9 280 Turcomania 34^, 354, 3^2^ 378 Turcomans • 3^3^ 393 Turcotegli Olimienas 284 Turduli 203 r«rge/»5 43 Turiay Turias^ Turiim Fl. ZI2 Turin 239 TuringiA 123,128,134,147 TuriiiJojTuriajfo 213 2lMritff> its leveral Begler- begs in j^fia and Europe 380, 381 JiiDt/e Carpets 498 Turkf 90,342,3^0 Ti^r/tj 40C00 frozen to death r«r^i- routed 105,112,113 7«r^j Language, &c. 379, 580,383, 384,385 Xurki fl'iin 267, 3^5 Twr^e/ in y(/fj85 VaUdolii 207, 579, 582, 584 Valaife 230 Vdconienfis de Valpon loj Valcowar 2^0,2^1 Valcum 2 CI Yaldac Valence Valencia 207,211 Valencjennet 180 ValenftiimCivi, 233 Valentia 2 1 2 Vatiana 1.80 V i^y Vjviii Hi ribeda no Hberlingen 139 Vcht F/, 148 VdenhHm 130 Udejfa 417 UdjUd 62 recht Fl. xcy reSfurienes ' 37 Vediantiorum Urbs 240 Vehrden in reii defc. and long Siege 250 St. Veit 144 Velavfi 1^9 Felei Malaga . /' . 21 z Velibari - -•-_ ::43 Velino ,;•'•'■ i^3 Velour /■' '; 42^ Velti ■ '•': 2(?I. yelime 169 St.Venant '■' 176 Venafin ' • ■ 201 Veniheu 441 yendana Portus I? ., 247 VE UG Venice , its Commodities , Coini, Weights and Mea- fiues 324, 3iJ Fenie'i p8 renla J 80 renh ' ■ K^iJ Vcnnienii 43 Fentidiyi Bajfui 3 Jo A'(?«w 2i>o, 37(f, 377 r(?HK« Fane 4^8 re»Kj Pyrenaa zi8 Ter^ 2 1 2 Ltf Fera Cmi S79 Feragua. , J84 Fera-pai 5:82 Ferbanus Lactis 233,244 WerbieftK 413 rerce/V , Fercella , FeneUi , .*39 FerceUefife Dominium ibid. Fercingeterix ip8 Ferdemburg 230 Ferdum nZ^iis,iz6 Fere 167 Feres a Family i Kn4 its Coins, Weights and Meafuies 324 Viennen i g j Vientbal ibid. V;// i'/crrtf d'Oviedo 206 Villa Franca 240 Villa Vifiofa 224 Villacb loy, 144 V///• ^ 424 Un-cban 4JI Vifipour K. 4zy,425 Undervcdd 2 25;, 232 Vipapour 425 thghenfis de Ungwar lOI, Vifter Aiem his Office,Great- U2 nefsand Power 380,31)5 UnidomMA 141 84 ■ V//?got^j 58 United Province! 18, 19 70 ^H Vifontienfis Civil r. 124 Defc. from i5o, to 174 '°4>txr ^1 VtftiUui,\iJiuU 82 Vodena 27J 247 ^1 ViftuU Fl. 309 Vodii 43 116 H VifitU 82 Vsdiiia 277 247 ^1 \ifugiris Fl. J33 Vogel M. 121 2I8 H Viteland 148 Vogeftci Mon. 3 [3i>i93 ^H Viterho lyo Yuitlani 148 ^^,482 ■ \ites 148 Voleaa 107 H Vitide Chieti if4 Volga R. 72, 75, 77, 89, 2l8 ■ Yitulo 283 408, 40i? IP7 ^H Viuves 552 Volgesburg Mons 123 ^99 H Viyapour 424 Volhinia 84,87 ^^.7,200 ■ Vine Inf. 104 Vollin IJl. 123 '4t, 142 H Ufiuraine 82,84 Volo 275 Weiglits H PU defc. 413 Volodomira 73, 77 324 H VUdiJlAM ■ 81, 268 Vologna 71 iSx ■ madijlaml. K. of Bohemia Volfignii Lac. M3 ibid. ■ IJ4 Volturena Trovincia 234 201^ ■ UUdiJlaw 8r Voltut R. 507 £40 H Ulaenderen 17? Volubile 471 224 ■ Ulaerdingen I5f Velubilis lingitana ibid. °r, 144 ■ mat 402"" Vohmtii 143 7^) 48S ■ VUinium 253 Vcniiia 277 112 ■ UlbuA 580 V corn In f J54, l 57,170 57^ ■ Uliiras Inf. 201 VorithUnd 145 ■ una 122 VoroHa 40 f 7S. S6 ■ lilidia, 47 Vojiania 27J 184 ■ tilieland 155 Votigern K. 3? 1 Ulit 3J«f» 387 Upland 58 ^> f 74 ■ mm Fl. 138, iy2 Upfala 69 ■ tihska 22f Uragofi 275 ■ tilpia Trajani 98 Urana 253 ■ Ulpianum 257 Urania 257 141 ■ mjler 43, 44 Pj^ov. 47 Utrannia > 278 X40 ^m UU R. 99 Uratijlaiis ^U ^59 H mtave Fl. 144 Urbara 482 ■ ttltonia 47 Urbin, Urbinum 249 ■ Pltrajeffiiiy 158 Urbs 48? ■ UltrajeSfum 158 tirchupia 257 ^hid. ■ nitre 47 Uren 22^, 2 30,232 ■ Ulyffes 287, i)Jl Uria ibid. ■ 1tl\enach 230 Urict 48? ^94 ■ Uma 69 Urrin R. 47 ■ Umarabea. 475 Urfin Lai, lyi 2^r ■ Umbm. • 3*^j*Jo Urines ibid. 4:'4 410, '\ii 171 ibid. J235M3' 201 34 78 43 4iJ6 158, 158 UR US 41T VU UX \VA Urfi(i 1^1 Ihitncif Ufadium Usbt.l^ Ujcaduma llfcudava . llfeJom Ir/. lijl^ent Usk R. Ujtinga Uterni Utica Utrecht Utrecht Biflioprick or Lord fliip 158 Utrecht Call:. 443 Utricefiiim 168 Utricht III Vuchang 440 Vuimpina 139 Vulcans Temple 4i?8 Vulcanite Inf. t y 9 Vulcano Ivj. ibid. Vuicanos J83 VulpanusFl. -106 Uxantu 201 W. WAdjiein 58 melFl. 122, 161 IVagFl. , 106 ■ JVagening . ix% fVageningen 170 IVagenthal 230,23} IVagiers^a. 100 IVagria j5 fVaiapocoFL 2s»y Walacbia i8, 19, p5, 153 IValaga j 1 1 IValbiirg 1^6 fValcoxfar- 106 fFaldec^ 13; fValdenJfeia 137 Waldemar' 57 fFaldJInn ii% fValdjietten-Sei 22 j fValeFl. 154: fValonftat 230 ff'j/w i8, 21, 32, 33 JValifhUni 2 1 miipttd- ,'X 47, " ■ \V A WE IJ'alltbtr^ jralle'iiein .1 SHe/ian IJalltn U-'alhon FUnders IVdUoons JVulpo 261, w"*' W E W H W I WI WO WR WU WY S-'A IVan Jf'ando K. JVangen Wanjyflel IVaradin IVuramoni Jf^ares^ovie Mure JFama Ft. JVArnit^ Fl. JFarfaw 83 IVdrt Fl. WArtA Ft. Wnnxgnnm M. Warwick ForeUni W4erf&l Wachtenditm Wntere R. IVaterfori Waterford. Haven IVdtertown Waxholm fVeel men Inf. Wegara WeibfprU Weigats Straits Wailbnrg Weinjhein fVeiffel R. Hiijj'elburg michpool Wells H'elfchlandt Wenan Wenar Lac. Wendenberg Weniijh Apoftates iVerdjee Lac. Wenbeim 133 f»i ,48 61 106 60% 380 5 90 9?, 1^0,2^1 191 R. Weru Fl. lVt\el iir. R. mjep, Ifejop, ff'efpe Jf'ejer Fl. Ifejout Ifefler^o frejiern Inf. If 'ejierui ffeji-FrieiUnd defc. H'efi Gothland ffefiynania Ifejimiinny (Jles jyeiinioreland If ejfphalia u 8, 1 1 1. Wejiro R. JVethtrsfield 157 JVetterraw 138 fVexford R. 847 147 61S 78 381 40 f8, S9 40, 188 1^8 do8 T. 47 S99 141 34, 3 J I3(? 141 ibid. 1^6 123 82 148 S9i 40 609 i6l 417 118 »Slloughbj Sir H. Wimpfer Windifilandt defc. Windmiil-Poim Windfchacht Windjor St. Winifrids Well Winipoco Fl. St. ;frn»oc Winrtoxbergen Winjhaim Wipper Fl. 14: (lit »3? 171 '44 2fi3 34 177 ibid. ^33 Wtrtiburg ,,1 ^0/ff Af?n of the Eajl where 128 Duried Wifmar Wifsbaden Witepsk Wittenberg Witi Wixel R. Woeden Wolaw Wolder Sconce Wolfenbutel Wolga Wolgafi WoUin Wologda Wolska Zemia Wvod Capt. Woodbridge Woodcock Woodcock Capt. Wtrcefier Vforcum "Wormacia '• Wermenfis Civit. Wormes izi, 130, 5r, U8, lyo ^3^ 84 123,148 196 81 16S . '> ly? 171 15a 371, 308 149 118, 149 73, 76' 225: 418 ^04, 603 ^08 y/orotia Wotidrichmunt Vfratijlavia VJraftlaw Wrexham Wunick Ft. Wurtihurg Wybvrg 41S ^08 1^4 130 ibid. X3^, i34 78 1^4 lyr ibid. 34 144 iiJ, 132 70 Vfjches Wy 2rt3 /^ W'here 84 Sz I6s IS7 '^ 308 73, 76' 418 4j 60^ 60Z 418 ^08 '.30 ibid. *3+ 78 ibid. 34- M4 liz 70 ^ XA XE YA YD YE ZA Zk It ')cbes Inf. ^24 X. i.".. '!( X Alappa de la Vera Crux 580 Xalifco Prov. Xtf/o F/. Xamo Xancheu Xang Xangb&ie Xanfi Xanthus Xantung Xaoa Xaochen Xaow Xarracon Xat St. Xavier Xelva Xenophsn Xenfi Xeqtie Xeres de la Ftntera Xerifs Xerolibado 582 '^ 4?9 ibid, ibid, ibid. 438* 439 349 438,439 yxi 442 441 492 434 iif 271 438, 439 473 210 472 27y Xerxes Bridge 272, 3+8 .—Navy overthrown 288 Xicoco F. XimerKf Ximenes a Granadin Ximenes a Cardinal Xhno Xincheu Xin-Tam Xiriof \ \ Xleufu^agen ,. Xoa ^hhing -4 •* Xunchi 41^. 'Xultking . Xuruitn 447 21J J^3 481, 483 i /*47 440 413 ' 400 ^ 47 f '!4'41^ ^x'412- , i37^ 440 438 Y. Tanicli Taogan Tarmouth Tdam Tedam Teifie f/, Tettcw-River Tern en Tennee-Sheir Tenkhioi Terac defc. Teratli Tetf^d TeidecuT Tgnot Torii County Tork R. Tperen Trakin defc. VffeUand fftwith F/. Tvica Fl. Tvodium., Tvoix Turgeachans : ■!) f'V 4T0 lit 441 166 166 409 44 381 27y 87 3f3 177 3H ^•' 170 ^■- '-.-213 181 410 .394, 3i> 4^y. R. Ttgrahienfts de Zagreg Zagyvea Fl. Zahara Zaims Zair lac. Zaire ZaleucKs lama Zamamara Zamamixon Zamhanjch Zanibera Zambere Lac. Zamorin Zamoslii Zamrhi Zanfara Zanhaga ZdgritbU • xox Jp«f .,• 104 yo4 38r J22 475 '*• 254 485 ibid. ibid. ^ 371 4'5> JiJ 4*^5 4*7 87 40J Sq6 5oy Zanquebar 294, 4^8. J)elc. 527, 5*« Zant Inf. 147. J?p/c. 291 Z. ZAaradefc. ^03, to foS Zabache Mer. 90 ZahxcKs 482 Zabarels Birth place 247 Zabern 131 Zabolcenfis de Chege 1 1 Znbolcb J , joj ZacJiecat -. -1 - ■ ^g^ 24fc^v4^1.''v 'Zagara:J^(. . " >.27^9 Z^i ^4fo 5U • Zf/>^ i : ZE ^»i*t ••Si —Its Earldom —Its Prov. defc. Zelandia Fort Ztlbcedibes Zeldales Zelif 2tli ' , Zembrt ■) Zendtrin ., Zendert ZtnitAM 2m Zetiobia Ztiiophon Zeque a K. Zeritin* ^ ,^j ■Zerfen ZetickrZee . , ., Zer/jJ'> » .' V'. ' vv Ztirftn J^etubbdbet i. " \ • r , 's.: 5 ." »•'■ 5831 349 Ij8' \6i If? 443 }83 47i n4 Jior 481 377 3J». 377 483 147 m8 481 167 47tf »3i ,'8 J 481 IE Zfrv/'4 Zibit Los licatectti ' Ziden ZiUA Ziuhnitx Zir(knit\tr tie. Ziriiee Zirthnit\er Sea Ziju ZifoMo Ft. Ziuch ZuAim ZvogmA Znoimmn Znoj/mo ZOAU Zceotora Jnf. 21 ZN ZQ 166' 08, 3fii 38Z, 38X, Zotft zafedt ■ Zolnocenps dt Zolnock Zonara Zmichit ; ,'. Zwfhytt a Plant Zoiues Zoiiga defc. $90 47* .14f 14 y ■167 us . . ,\rljf V".'. \ 'r»l4T •i37I iV.\'. tlS6 '\ Ibid. .■} ibid. ibid. 487 194, aj? 4I) c •>>:/% /.■*'■'. .-■ J.-V 1 V',' [w.. rt» !..■:■ »;^ i/ V J^irf f I .iiiiiij'ji > i, Advertifement to the Reader. ....V,'\i.V S for an Indies of- the Coins , Weights and Meafures^ treated of in this Book^ J thought it not necejfary to infert for they heing altogether Alphaheticaty placed under their xe* ffeilive Cities and Towns from Page 297,^0 Page 340. the keader may fooner find them out there , theri hy looking over a - * ■■ *iS£* ■ - ■ i''. *>■ . •**;«% c^; "^2S6^ir."*' r^Jii r^i IV »»:>, 2Y I ibid: 97 96 *3» III • 1^7 117,131 547 • 161 t\ 400 - 283 '*3i) 131 "'f. in '•» 170 1^6 170,17a .148 •»» 113 »'Vi. >^nj^ • :^^' -! i •(■■i/.-t^'T. *\ fure;^ ififert 'Vtm.} !!K ' "1 W" **"BH»Mi.» w»*'