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Hem rork i*609 US* aS f^'fi' *82 - 0300 - Phor>t BARRON AND O'BRIEN ON CHATTEL MORTGAGES AND BILLS OF SALE A COMPLETE ANNOTATION OF THE VARIOUS PHOVINCUL STATUTES DCAUNQ WITB MORTGAGES AND SALES OF PERSONAL PROPERTY AND ALSO SUCH STATUTES OF CANADA AS AFFECT THE SAME. WITH A TREATISE ON THE GENERAL LAW OF CHATTEL MORTGAGES AND BILLS OF SALE; AND A COMPLETE COLLECTION OF FORMS. ■I Second !flftvls«6 HCMtlon 1914. TORONTO: CANADA LAW BOOK COMPANY, LIMITED CROMARTY LAW BOOK CO., 1118 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA '\ ': ConiiioaT (Cakada). I>I3, it A. H. O'BmiN CONTENTS. Table of Subjkct-matteb ijj . Table or Cases Cited vii CHAPTEFt I. Mobtoaoes and Sales Generally 5 CHAPTER II. The Si'bject-matter and Mobtoages and Bills of Sale. . 17 CHAPTER HI. The Consideration 40 CHAPTER IV. Fraud and Pbessube 55 CHAPTER V. The Parties gg CHAPTER VI. The Right to Possession 83 CHAPTER VII. The Place of Contbact IO4 CHAPTER VI 11. Sale by the Mobtoaoee jqq CHAPTER IX. Landlord's Rights 220 hr BIU-M or HAI.E AND rilATTEI, MORTUAUEH. CHAPTEK X. RioiiT8 AND Remedikm Of Creditorh , 129 (11 AFTER Xf. Redemption and Furecuhire 137 CHAPTER XII. The Operative Parth I45 CIIAPTKR XIII. The Date 162 CHAPTER XIV. Insirance 167 STATUTES WITH AWOTATIOXS. Canada — The Money-Lenders Act. R.S.C. 1906, ch. 122, with Annotations I75 Sections 417-419 of the Criminal Code, with Annota- tions 183 Canada Interest Act. R.S.C. 1906, oh. 120, with Annota- tions 188 Alberta — Bills of Sale Ordinance, with Annotations 194 Sections of the Judicature Ordinance as to seizure of chattel morttrage interests 229 British Colombia — Bills of Sale Act with Annotations 231 Section of the Execution Act as to seizure of chattel mortgaffe interests 266 Mortgagee 's Legal Costs Act 267 contentw. v Manitoba — Uilla of Sale anil Chattel MortKage Act with Annota- tiona 26!) HectioiM 8-10 of the Act rHtpectitig coats of leizure. . . :U1 Section* ll-l.'J of the Kxecution Act 31.1 Sectiona 182-186 and 187 of the County Court Act. . . . 315 New Hrinhwick — Hnia of Sale Act with Annotations 318 Section 25 of the Execution Act, C.S.X ». 1!»03, ch. V^S o54 .VovA Scotia — Hills of Sale Act with Annotations 35.'» \ Ontario — Hills of Sale and Chattel Mortgage Act, with Annota- tions 384 Sections of the Act respecting cost of seizure 544 Prince Kdwabd Isi^xnd— Act for preventing frauds by secret Hills of Sale 54(1 Acts to amend the Act for preventing frauds by secret Hills of Sale 544, .")55 Section 49 of the Evidence Act as to certified copies of Hills of Sale 558 Saskatchewan — The Chattel Mortgafie Act with Annotations 559 FORMS. BiLi^ OF Sale and Chattel Moktuaoes and Affidavits Re- (JI'IRED BY St.vtl'te 594-683 TABLE OF CASES CITED. m;i U!' (IX fi lt.( H . . H4 l.'>4. |!M(, iill. int. iin>. ilD, 2J". :i7:i .-•n 47It. IHI. AblHitt V. liiNKlwin. at M> l M!» Ailuni. V. VVlUlr.. Ill' Mx't. I.M Ail.itii»trtM.n V. Sn-oril, 1 D.UK. MU, 4 A.UK. 941 Aliljo V. HollUUr. 5 U.S. 7.1» Alr, * \V.«r. :i:W Allen V. Arme. I Wrn. 3tU1 Allen V. ('-.wan, 23 X.Y. lUfi Allen V. Thomarm. 1 H. * X. l.V 2 .lur. ( X.S. p 4.M. >:, U.F. Kx. 249 Allianoe H«nk v. Hrmim, 2 Drew. 4 Sm. 2^9 Allright V. Meredith. ,M Ohio St. 194. 50 X.E. 719 AlUiipp V. \Vtiei«t<-roft. UK. 15 h>|. .19 Alton V. Harri->on. UK. 4 Ch. «122 Ame«, Ex parte, I I»well .Wl Ar.iher»t .Shoe .R. 719 Anilemon v. Ho»arcl. 49 Oa. 313 Anilerwin *•. SaU|fpen Mntii»l Fire In<. Co.. H O.R, .i.i.l Anilerwm v. S«.tt, 8 D.UR. ai« Amircw*. Re. 2 A.R. (Ont. I 24 277 An.lrewt V. Brown. 19 Man. UR. 4 Andiix ". XeHon. M Harh. 3*12 Anjrer* v. r,eiler, 20 Que. K.H. .3.11 Annex v. Dornan. 10 f.C.C.P. 2ft9 Appleton r. Bancroft, 10 Met. 231 70, 34 04 llx 170 140 .HI 4H2 57H 531 4N4 4H2 47 79 .139 38 115 1.10 09 M 321 118 429 84 132 71 129 102 422 47 10 52 SO 53 32« 283 395 12A 475 172 121 4.36 29 47 78 1!2 70 'f 1 VIU BILLS OK SALE AND CHATTEL MOBTOAGES. Arclidekin v. McDonald, 1 D.L.R. 684 47 Archer V. Cole, 22 How. (N.Y.) Pr. 411 533 Archibald v. Hubley, 18 Can. .S.C.R. 11«, 27 C.L.J. IH».. ..... . , •«■>. '^2. 252, 328, 257, 383, 364, 3«3, 367, 423, 424 ArRle* V. M«Math ( 1895), 26 O.R. 224 29 Arkwrlght, Ex parte, 3 Mont. D. & DeG. 129 « Armstrong v. Ausman, 11 ^^'.Q.B. 498 5J7 Arnuitrong v. Moodie, U.C'.O.S. 538 3«7 Arnold V. Xational Trust Co., 7 D.UR. 754 1,39 140 .\rnold V. Robertson. 8 r.C.<'.P. 147 441 46.i ' 48fl ArtUtic C>>lor Printing Co., 21 Ch.D. 510 ' ' 45-> Arundell v. Bell, 31 W.R. 477 mi .-Vrinwlell v. Phipp:*, 10 V'es. 139 4^5 Ashley v. Wright, 19 Ohio Pt. 291 "..........'. .92, 98 Atkin.ton v. Bayntun, 1 Bing. 444 47* 49 Atkinson v. Bell, 8 B. A C. 277 .....'.' ' 38 Atkinson, Reg. v., 17 U.C.C.P. 295 !2,52, 4->4 .\tkinson v. Settree, Willes, 482 '.'......." 49 Attenborough'g Case. 28 Ch.D. 682 232 Attenborough v. London, etc.. Dock Co., 3 C.P.D. 450 "l!) Atwiiter V. Mower, 10 Vt. 75 • AuHten V. Boy«. 2 DeO. & .J. 626 jgi -Austin V. St^ ey. 10 (Jr. ,306 170 .\yers v. Home, 21 Iowa 185 j,l7 \youp. R. v., 16 Can. Cr. Ca.x. 375 ......!.. 185 niilKwk V. I.jiwson. 4 Q.B.D. .394, 5 Q.B.D. 284 13 m llalK-ock V. .McFarland. 43 III. 381 ' gfl Bacon v. Rice Ijewis, ,33 C.U.f. tl80 30, 404 47.'i Badisohe Anilin Fabrik v. Schott. [1892] 3 Ch. 447 ' .i> Bailey v. Croft. 4 Taunt. 611 ' 40 Bailey v. Godfrey. 54 III. 507 86, 92 98 Bain "v. BramI (1876 ) . 1 .\pp. (as. 7(12 " -'h Baker. Re. 1 Jlont. I). 4 D«>fJ. 333 j Jo Baker v. Ambrose, ( 1896] 2 Q.B. S72 4^4 Baker v. Oillam, 1 ,S.UR. 498 j3,i Baker v. Hedgeccx-k. 39 Ch.D. .520 .'.' ','.' ' ' .v> Baker v. Rieharil«>n. « W.R. 6«13 [ j^o, 15J Baldwin v. Benjamin. 16 I'.C.Q.B. 52 424,425,431,445 Baldwin v. Oweas, 21 Ky. U Rep. .352 405 Bnlkwcll V. Bwldome. 16 r.C.Q.B. 437 150 471 Ballnrd v. Pope, 3 C.C.Q.B. 317 51 Uallcw V. Sudflerth. 10 lrean. 26 Que. S.C. 27 189 Bank of Toronto v. MoDiMigall, 15 U.C.C.P. 47.'5 7. 16, 60, 80, 421, 425, 494, 5»« I it:' ■I CASES CITED. IZ Bank of Toronto v. I'erkintt, 8 Can. S.C.R. 603 81 Banks v. Gooilfellow, L.R. 5 Q.B. 549 74 Banks v. Robinson, 13 O.R. 618 208, 40> Binnon v. Bowler. 33 Alb. L..J. 216 68 Barter, Re, 17 Q.B.U. 259 335 Barber v. Fox ( 1670), 2 Wnw. Saund. 418 47 Barber v. McPher«on. 13 A.R. (<»nt.) 338 440, 442. 443, 44«i, 448 Barber v. Maughan. 42 I'.C.Q.B. 134 3 lit. 320, 321, 523 Barclay, Ex parte, I.^R. 9 Ch. 576 241 Barker v. Central Vermont R. Co., 13 Que. S.C. 2 104. 107 Barker v. Ueson, 1 O.R. 114 -.tiO. 452. 455 Barker v. Richarddon. 1 V. & .1. 362 . . ." 337 Barnard v. Eanton, 2 C\i»li. ( Maj*8. ) 204 96 Barnes v. HuUumb, 12 Sm. 4 M. ( Miss. ) .306 4 Barnett v. .Mason, 7 Ark. 253 11 Barnhart v. Patterson, 1 Or. 459 3.6 Barnhart v. Robertson, fl (J.B.O.S. (Ont.) .542 178 Barniim v. Turnbull. 13 I'X'.Q.B. 277 1!>2 Baron v. Urewerv. 4 S.L.R. 26 113. 579, 380 Barr v. Barr. 15 (Jr. 27 5 Barrows v. Turner. 50 Me. 137 434 Barry v. Bennett, 7 Met. .354 458 Bart'hels v. Winnipeg Cigar Co.. 2 A.L.B. 21 201. 209, 219. 220 Bartlett y. Thvnes. 2 Hill ( S.C.) Eq. 171 142 Bartram v. Orice. 4 D.L.R. 6S2. 3 O.W.X. 1296, 22 O.W.R. 191 . 13. 109. 110 Batoheldor \. Yates. Re Yates, 38 Ch.D. 112 241 Bates V. {>annon. 18 Man. UR. 7 fl4. 28c» Bates V. Kirkpatrick. 4 D.UR. 395. 21 \V.L.R. 607 81, 443 Rates V. Kirkpatrick. 7 D.L.R. 806 443 Bates V. Wilbur, 10 Wis. 359 513 Bathgate v. Merchants Bank. 3 Man. L.R. 210 275. 277. 281 liattison V. Potvin. 27 Que. S,C. 165 121 Beach v. Derby. 19 111. 617 536 Beall V. WilliamsDn, 14 Ala. 53 105 Beam v. Beattv. 3 O.UR. 345 71 Beam ,. Beatty ( Xo. 2 ) . 4 O.UR. .354 71 Bcamnn v. Wliitney. 20 Me. 413 491 Beattie v. Wenger. 24 A.R. ( Ont. ) 72 325 Beaty v. Fowler. 10 T.C.Q.B. 382 518 Beaumont y. Cramp. 45 I'.C.Q.B. .^56 523 Beaumont y. Thorpe. 1 Ves. Sen. 27 434 Beaven v. AfcDonell. 10 Ex. 1«4 74 Beclier v. Dunham. 27 Minn. .12 98 Becker v. Anderson. 1 1 NVb. 493 493 Be<>kett y. Tower. [18911 1 Q.B. 638 5.7 Bedard y. Phoenix T..and and Improyement Co. and Drolet, 8 D.L.R. 686. 43 Que. P.O. 50 50 Beecher v. Austin. 21 l'.C.<\P. 334 9. 404. 420, 430, 431 Beekntan v. .Tarvis. 3 I'.C.Q.B. 280 163. 415, 468. 518 Beeman y. Ijiwton. 37 >Ie. 543 3 Beers y, Waterbury, 8 Bosw. (N'.V.) ,3ft6 519. 520 Beetenson. Ex parte. 42 UT. 808 282 Begbie v. Fenwick. L.R. 8 Ch. 1075 . . . 26 Belanger y. Menard. 27 O.R. 209 67. 410. ,500. .501 Belclier. Ex parte. 4 n t Ch. 703 403 BeMing y. Read. 3 li . C. 955. .34 U.I. Ex. 212 22. 147. 1.55. 137. 342 s BILLS OP SALE AND CHATTEL HOBTOAOES. Uelivi-au v. Milltr, 1 D.UK. 819 00 Belize V. (itxllK.ut. 4(» gue. SX'. 4H9 61 Belknap v. Wendell, 31 N.H. Vi 444, 448 Bell V. Carter, 17 Beav. 11 5, 139 Bell V. Lafferty, 3 Terr. 1*U. 2«3 36, 88, 199 Bent lev v. Morrison, 44 N.S.R. 4:« ««, 118,368 Bentley v. riiillipn. '2 W. 4 u\l. 4cJ« « B<>nt(>n V. Thornhill, 7 Tuunt. 140, 2 Marxh. 427 4.'J0 Berg V. Kern. (1 \V.L.U. 755. 7.'>7 270 B<-rnar.l v. Walker. 2 E. & A. 121 5 Bernhart v. MKutilieon. 12 Man. UK. 3114 lit, 38. 2«1». 270, 274, 280 Bertram v. I'emlrv, 27 lU'.f.l*. 371 liiO, 435, 451, 483 Bertraml v. I'arke* ( 181C2), 8 Man. L.K. 17."> 270, 278 B\. 38 6 Blailierg. Ex par3 H<.ulU<«- V. Kolls. 4 B.('.R. 137 246 Houlton V. Uoiilton, 2« (an. S.C.K. Mli 60 Himlton V. Smith. 17 r.C.y.lJ. 400 435 Hoiilton V. Smith. H I'.C.Q.H. 458 435. 4.-|0 Bowers V. IJnulIey, 4 Bravk. 20 .\la. 703 .505 B<.V(iell V. M,-Michael. 1 f.M. i U. 177 485 IV.ynton v. B<.y 203. .33 C.l.J. 201 496 Breejie v. Bantre. 2 E. D. .Smith ( X.V.) 474 17 Brelthaiipt v. Marr. 20 O.A.R. 689 1.33 Brew*ter v. Baker. 20 Barb. ( N'.Y. i 364 10 Brierlv v. Kendall. 17 Q.B. 937 66.90. 141 Brink" V. Freoff, 44 Mi<-h. 69 90 British Canadiw T»an Co. v. Farmer. 15 Min. L.R. 593 189 Britsh rohimhia I^aml. etc. v. I»hitaka. 16 B.C.R. 299 lid. 144 Briti-h Ci.Iimibia I.jind and Invest .-Vgewv v. Ishitaka. 45 Can. S.O.R. 302 " 110. 144, 2.33 Britt V. H.irrell, 105 VC. ir>, 10 S.E. Rep. 902 3 Rro,>kville i Ottawa R. Co v. Central Canada R. Co.. 7 P.R. 372 . 327 Bro.lie v. Ruttan. 16 C.C.Q.B. 207. 2fm .. 79. 407. 418. 422. 423, 425. . -.■.':! Br.«lriok v. S.-ale. L.R. 6 C.P. 98 521 BromfieM v. Smith. 2 T.R. 4.36 Bn>mlev v. Holland. 7 Ve«. 3 Br«.ike.' Re. [1894] 2 CTi. 600 Brooke v. Brooke. [1894] 2 K.UU. 3*1 350 Uruun, Ex parte, U C h.l). *S« 3,t_ 44NI Brown V. liateiiutji, L.R. 2 t'.l". Hi, 15 W.K. .{jtl . . .' 4M Hrown V. linnient, H Johiiit. ( N.Y.) IW 4, U tirowii V. Dewey, 2 Uarb. iH tf Kriiwii V. tJriidy, 31 O.K. 73 71, 73 llri>wn V. .luiK-!!, 1 Atk. 188 4^ Hruwii V. Jowett ( 18»5 ) , 4 HX'.K. -. ^4(1, •J.'ii, -'UO Brown v. Uununtagne ( 188») , 1 Ca. .'• fas. 30 HI, 498 Brim n v. I^iiziin, 30 Que. S.C. 178 ;i8 Brown v. lA>nil<>n & County Advancv <<>.. 5 T.L.R. lUtt 2«10 Brown V. I'eace (1897), 11 Man. L.K. 40» 272,^73 Brown v. Phillips, 3 Bush. ( Ky.) tl5«l «o Brown v. Saxe, 7 Cow. 1K5 484 Brown v. Sweet, 7 A.R. (Ont. ) 72"i 407 Browne v. Fryer, i« UT. tt3« 158 Brownin);, Ex parte, UR. 9 Ch. 58;) 400 Browning v. ..Morris, -i Cowp. 790, 98 Eng. Rep. 1364 178 Bryam v. Gordon, 1 1 Mich. 831 532 Brvan v. Pollard, 10 Allen (Mass.) 81 532 Bryan* v. Nix, 4 M. A \V. 774 37 Bryant v. Im Banque du Peuple, [ 1893] A.C. 170 79 Bryant v. Ware, .30 Me. 295 iM Bryi-e v. Wilks ( 1902 ) , 5 Can. Cr. Cas. 445 184 Byrd V. M<-Daniel. ,33 Ala. 18 141 Byron v. Tremaine, 31 N'.S.R. 425 51 Buchanan v. Frank, 15 I'.C.C.P. Ifl7 3^7 Bufkley v. I.andon, 3 Conn. 70 5-57 Building and I»an v. Betzner, 211 CL-.F. 189 424 Building ami I^oan Assn. v. Betzner. 10 CUT. Dec. X. 112.......... 164 Bull V. North Briti.4h fan. Invest. <"o., 15 O.A.R. 421 171 17i2 Bullard v. Billings. 21 V't. 309 ' le Bnllis V. Montgomery, 50 N.Y. 252 388 Bulnier v. Hunter. liR. 8 Eq. 6 ..'.'.'.....'..... 465 Bunaoleugh v. PiKilmnn. 3 Daly ( N.Y. ) 236 143 Bunker v. Kmmanv. 28 I'.C.C.P. 4.18 94 <>5 Hunn V. Bunn. 12 W.R. .561 ...............'. 67 Bunn V. Ouy, 4 East 100 46 Bur« 168 169 Butler. Re. 3 Mont. 4 Ayr. 27 ' r,?; Butler V. White. 25 Minn. <32 10 CASES CITED. xin Cadburv v. Nolan. 5 IVnn. .tid 394 Cadweli v. I'mv. 41 Mi<*. .307 21 Calder v. Uolwll, L.R. 6 (\P. 4MH <'» Caiawcll V. Trav. 41 Mich. 307 ""^ laldwell V. TrowbrWjfP. 3.T Alt.. L..I. !»« *^] Call V. (irav, 37 X.H. 42« SB talli*her v. Hisohoffsheim. L.R. 5 Q.B. 44!t 4S Calvard v. \V«ii;tli. 3 .(ones ( N'.<'. I K(). :«."> « Cameron v. (Jilwon. 17 O.K. IXt 2.> C.I^I. 'i.VI 24. .til.".. 4IKI ('amer '** r«mpbeH v. Campbell. 20 Or. 2.i4 ^•■>'' C^ampliell v. Canadian Co-op. In«. Co.. 1« Man. L.R. 4«4 174 Campbell V. Durkin. 17 fir. 80 _S Campliell " '" Hill. 23 r.C.C.l'. 473 '4 Hoo|#r. 3 Sm. & (J. l.M '* MeKinnon. 14 Man. L.R. 421 3(M. 31ti Mersev I)o!» C.U.f. IW 61.4.'UJ Stranaewavv 3 C.KI). 10.J ilS -- ■-- 271 44.4t!5 Camptiell v. Ciimptiell V. Campl^-ll V. C..inipt)ell V. Cajlipl>ell V. Campion v. Cotton. 17 V< Canada I^aw Rook Co. v. I leldhoii-*. U D.I.^R. 384 201 Canada Permanent v. Tan and Saving< Co. v. Traders Bank, 20 O.R. 47!t 32 Canadian Bank of Conwneree v. Smith. 17 W.UR. 1.3.5 80 Canadian Camera and Optical Co. (A. R. Williams Co.'s Claim K 2 O.UR. 677 131, .30rt, 401 Canadian Fire Ins. Co. v. Robinson. 31 Can. SX'.R. 488 107 Canadian ShipbuiMin(f Co.. Re ( l<»12i, 6 D.L.R. 174. 2« O.UR. ,5«4. 131. 307 Capen v. Reckham, 3.5 Conn. 8fi 27 Carp) V. .lovner. 4 Terr. L.R. 64 1-5 Carlisle v. tait. 7 A.R. (Ont.) 10 ino. 42fi. 427. 4.50. 487. 4»4. -515 l'arlstase V. .lewett. 13 Wis. 557 Case (.1. 1. 1 Ttirf-hin7 Am. Itep. IT.". •«) Cliailwick V. Uml., 2» Harh. ( N.Y.) 518. h» 98 t'hallinor, Ex parte, 1« (ll 4-Q <'haplin & Co. v. Ilrammall, 1 1908) 1 K.B. 2.^i .54 Chiipman. Re. .12 W.R. «f«.j. >« Ch.l). 338 202 2tiO 49.1 I hupman v. KniKht. S (MM). 308 " "403 Chapman v. MichaeUon. | UMH] 2 Ch. 012. 179 Chapnvan v. .Miohaelnon, [I9(mi 1 Ch. 2."18 170 Charing Cross Unnk. In re Parker, .-iO h.,h Ch.' 1.57 mi Ch«rleHW<.rth v. MilN. l\m>i] A.C. 231 .i.lis! 2^7 .TSS 301 4«1 <'harter v. Stephen., 3 Denio .13... ' ' TV Charter v. Watson, [1899) 1 Ch. 17.5 .. , jq.> Cheney v. Courtoia, 13 C.B.V.S. tH3. ;».» 403 Cherrvworth v. Dailev, 7 Tn.l. 284 " ina Cheshire R.R, Co. v. Foster. 31 N.H. 490. ^ Ohe*worth v. Hunt. .5 C.P.I). 2B«. 4.- Chew V. Crockett (Vo. 2), 7 D.UR. 730. . ,« Chichentor v. Cobb, 14 r.,.T. 4.^3 'j\ ■Chilian V. fJalsworthv, C.B,>s'.S, 471 i4.w-i Ohinery v. Viall, 5 H. * V. 288. . . . (ifl Chipman v. Whitman. 1 1 E.r.,.R, 313 ,1 Chisholm V. Sheldon. 3 Or. B-w .. . . ,',0 Christie v. Clark, 16 I'.C.C.P. ->44 iIT Christie v. Chrk. 27 U.C.Q.B. -21 ,\,| Christin V. Christin. 1 O.UR. fi,34, 37 C.U.I. 309. .. . . . I6o!,V2r 524 583 Chiirbon V. UimjfUs. 7 W.R. .W.l ' ,„; Citizen.H' Ins, Co. v. .Salterio. 23 Can. S.C.R. i.53 iao Clafin V. Carpenter, 4 Met. 580. "5 c^i:r^V(^r' jtb.j;"^4- '"■■ •" "•^■•'^•^"■' ■ ■ ■ '*■ •«"• =^^«- ?i^ ! 1' p r P i±a .„'. Clarke v. C.reen. 1 E.UR siv/"^ "'• **'■ ''*'•• 'J^, CUrke v. Woore. 1 A.L.R. 53 .,;;; Clarkson v. MoMaster, '25 Can. S.C.R. 9fi " „, , ^ , «8. 84. I. -15. 32(1. 397, 410! 4.-.2, 454, 4,>5 ,V25 !V5n ( larkaon v. SterlinR. 15 A.R. ((>nt.) 234.. li 40" n V. Hester. SO X.c. 27,'; ' "" Cleaver. Re, 18 Q.B.I). 489 . . ,li ( lements v. Afathens. 47 T. T "51 1? Clements v. Matthews, II Q.B.D. 808. ... ' ., . . 21 "4 Pfl 154 471 iM Clemmow V. Converse. Ifi f!r 547 ' ' ^' ' *^ Clifford V, I»jran, 9 Man. UR. 4-23 ..' ' -^ C -mpson yj-oles, 23 Q.B.n. 4ft5. 25 CU.T. .591 . .. ,m 241 (^line V, Ubbev. 4fl Wis. 123 „ Clint. Re. UR. 17 E.,. 115 .?? Clive V. Rnssel. 2 A.KR, 70 •■•'■'"""'.''.'.'.'.'.' .200, ^ CASES CITED. XV CloHp, K.\ [wrte, U Q.tt.U. 3S« 23», i>37 Clo«- V. Temple. 20 N.M.R. 2.14 :«1 C;k«ter V. Heaclley. 12 r.C.Q.H. 3«4 »3 Clute V. RtAinitoi., 2 .John. ol».^ •^•■"' ("«ttte V. '"-osliliK. 20 X.B.R. 3rZ3 :«.2'» C'ot.1) V. Cl. «•. .'54 Iowa 2.'>3 -tl? Cohl«tt V. Oldfleld. IB M. 4 \V. 4ti!l *ii CVwhran*' v. Boueher. .» O.U. 4tl2 5<'« Cwhrane v. R>Tnin. 27 W.R. 770 ^5I» ■ft Plow Co. V. MdxmRhrv. 2 S.I..R. 2.51» 2* Cttiig* V. Hernaril. 2 I>l. Ravm. 013 13 Ci.tipn. Ex (rartp. L.n. 7 Cli. 20 ■»29 Cotam V. Payftl, 12 Q.B.D. fifl ♦»! Coll.v V. Kverett. 10 X.H. 42fl 433 ("ole V. Kernot. UR. 7 Q.B. .'527 ISS role V. Mnd.lle. 10 Hare 1»« SS" Cole V. Racine. 11 D.L.R. .322. 4 O.W.N. 1.327. 24 O.W.R. «22 . .'5S.41fl.43lt Colei V. 02 127 Colwill V. Reeves, 2 Camp. .17.1 494 Cfimmercial flank v. Fehreinlia' h. 4 Terr. L.R. 33.'5 46, 202 Comniereial Bank v, Wilson 3 .\.R. (Ont.) i!>7 432 Oommeroial Bank v. Wilson, 3 E. 4 A. Rep. 2.'>7 61 Commereial National Bank of Cliicajfo v. Corcoran, fi O.R. .'527, 20 C.h..l. 272 303 Commercial RuMier Co. v. St. .Jerome. 17 Que. K.B. 274 SO Commercial Steanisliip Co. v. Boiilton. I,.R. 10 QB. 34« .51« Conard v. .Atlantic Ins. Co.. 1 Pet. ( f.S. ) 3S6 2. 12 Conirrpvp V. Evetto. 10 Ex. 208 .320. 47.'> Conkev v. Hnrt. 1 4 N'.Y. 2'2 01 Conklinu v. Sherry. 2S N'.Y. ."{tiO 472. .133 ConnanI v. Colg-m. H't Town .'i3S .502 Connell v. Hickock. 1.5 n.A.H. .518. 2.i C.T...T. Sfi 1.52. 20S. 462 Connover v. Ins. (■>.. 23 Pick. 413 1«7 Conrad v. Fisher. 37 Mo. App. .^52. 8 I..R.A. 147 12 Consolidate.1 v. Curtis. riS021 1 O.R. 40.5 4.50 Consolidated Bank v. Bickfo'd. 7 P.P. 172 3'?7 ConsolidatfHl Credit Corp. v. f!osnev. Ifi Q.B.D. 24 137 Con*tantin«>an v. Biiis^. IS Rev. ile .Iiir. 40 fil Consumers' CVirdajfe Co. v. Connolly. 31 Can. S.C.R. 244 .52 Coolev V. Hobart. 8 Iowa 3.58 ' 53, 7.5. 420 Cook V. Flood. 5 Or. 463 143 Cook v. (^Jiidser. 2 .Jones N.C. Eq. 172 5 CVinU V. Rojrers. 2fl r,r. 590 54 Cook v. St^-arns. 1 1 Ma.ss. 533 25 Cook v. Wright. 1 B. & S. 550 4« r<«k»on V. Swire. 9 App. Cas. 053 f.7. 88. 410. 48", 500, .501 514 Cooimhe v, Carter. .36 Ch.I). 3^»8 157 Coombs V. Beaumont. 5 B. 4 .Ad. 72 4'W Coons v. Elvin ( 1011) . 2 O.W.N. 1.301 461 C<»per. Ex parte. 10 Ch.D. 313 48. 40.5. 401 XVI B1LIJ< (IK SALE AND CHATTEL MURTGAUES. l'«i.>p»T V. HriK-k, 41 MUli. WS, > X.W. IW\,. tUM) 7 t'oo|*r V. lluKK<>w ( 1HH1I i , ;J4 Si.l. .r. mi 47« <_'pfr V. .MrtroiKilitun Ifcuird of Workx, 2.') Ch.l). 472 Ilil Cooper V. Zeircrt. Hi W.R. 402 H4. 4l'1I r<>p|m){i< V. Itiirnptt, ;t4 Miwi. tt21 71) Corlictt V. Mi-Kenzie. tl I'.C.g.H. (KCi , . ;y7 Corlx'tt V. Sh«-|iur(l, 4 rX'XM*. 4:t 1 1 1 l'<>rii>ran v. WVlHtcr, .'>(» Wis. 125 :tt» C'rti'lj-4>ii V. l^tMinK. - <'«'• *'«*• ( N'V. ) 2(Ml 12 Cotfinjrtim v. FIWcImt. 2 .^tk. 155 45.'» Cotton V. Marith, 3 \\i». 221 !l!l, l:M Coty V. Rarm-4, 20 Vt. 7H 1(»2 Couch V. Sniitli. 1 .M.R. (m2 111(1. 57S. 570 Couplanil V. I'aris I'low <'o. (Susk.). 14 \V.I..R. (WO liMl. 57S, ."O Courtis V. Webl). 25 I'X'.y.H. 570 51« Couturier v. Haxt'e, 5 l\.}jX'. ti7.'{ 4fl9 Covell V. Dalloir, .11 Me. 104 m CViwjM'r V. (ircen ( 1H41 ) . 10 U.t. Kx. 34(1, 7 M. 4 VV. ft:t.» 47 x V. .\clani-<. -.Wt Can. S.C.K. :WA 54. »2 xc'las 1 lOdit 1 . 1 S.UR. !t7 100, 57« Crosslfv V. Klworth- , T-.R. 12 K<|. 158 59 Crosweil V. .Mils. 2. Conn. Ill 484 Crowder v. .Austin. 1 Rinjr. 14S 1 14 Ml CA8E8 CITED. XVII Crowfoot V. LomUm Dock Co., 2 C'r. anil M. ti:)7 15 lullr!). 14 Ala. 147 118 CunninKhnm & <<>.. Rf .Altenlmnnigli'H lii»e. M lli.l). tiXi. . 2,12. ,10.1, 407 ( iirric V. .MI^m, L.K. 10 Kx.l). l.W 41 CnrtN V. Milli.T. Q.H. 7 g.B. 41.5 39 Curtis V. Perry, B Ve*. 739 4.53 Cutter V. Copeland, 18 Me. 127 92 IMbney v. (ireen. 4 11.4 X. 101 5, 139, 405 DiiKcimiH V. MiHleru Kealtv Co.. .5 1).L.R. 31.5. 41 (^ne. S.C. 42S 78 IXilKliHh, Ex pnrte, UK. h'cIi. 107-2 26 I)iil({li»li V. M<^C«rtlly, 19 (!r. 378 ,5H IMryniple v. Dairy in pie. 2 Hag);. <'on. .54 46.5 Daltoii V. liiUKlalitin. 27 lMIcIi. .>21t 9 Dane v. Mallorv. IH llarb. (N.V.) 4tl llfl DanfonI v. Dniiford. 8 A.R. (Ont.) ,518 271. .W2. 570 Daniel v. Daniel. 29 O.R. 493 518 Daniel v. Sim-lair, tl A.C. 181 193 Darlington. Kx parte. 4 IWJ. .1. 4 S. ,581 251, .571 Darvill v. Terry, tl H. 4 N. 807 105. 454 Dishwood V. .(ermyn. 12 Oh. D. 776 40 Duvenport v. Kisliopp. 2 Y. 4 Coll. V.V. 451 40 Davenport v. MeCheneMy, 86 \.Y. 242 Ill Davey v. Bowman. 1 DeO. 4 .1. ,535, 577 112 Davey v. liewin. 18 I'.C.Q.B. ,10 408 Davinvis V. Wickson. 1 O.R. 373 102. 43(5 Davitt. R. v.. 7 Can. Cr. Cas. 514 186 Dawlow v. Bland. 1 1807] I Q.B. 125 275 Day V. Griffith. 15 Iowa 104 417 Dean V. Davis. 12 Afo. 112 102 De Braam v. Ford, f IWlO] 1 Ch. 142 307 De Coureey v. Ollins. 21 X..!. En. 357 4,59 Dedrick v.' Aslidown. 15 <'an. S.C.R. 227. 24 r.L..T. 502 ft2. 89, 9(1. 102. 213. 578 Dedriek v. .A.«' down. 4 iMnn. L.R. 1.19 89 Deffell V. White. L.B. 2 C.P. 144 80. 407 I — BILLS OF SALE. XVlll BILI^ or BAIJ: and CIIATTEI- MdRTUAOKS. DrFornt v. Riinnrll. 18 T.C .Q.B. .I'O 202. 4 HI, 41 H, 422,523, 833 IV (irouchy, K» imrtf , 3 M.mt. i Ayr. 27 52 UonH-r* V. lir»h«Mii. M M.mt. 4tl2, 14 I..K.A. (N.S.) 431 V> lyKpini'iiil. K», 2I» Cli.I). 7M1 I. M. 1.57 IV \V1»T. 21 N.II.H. W7 3IM, .339, 341 IVWVilfp V. . Dil>lilii V. IV.wat..r, 2 Kl. & 111. M4 124 Diik V. Mowry, 17 MUt. 44H 53« niikeiinoii V. "Clemow, 7 I'.t'.Q.IJ. 421 84 Diikfr V. Anuemtein. 3 Ch.I). «00 »1 Dillarw v. Dovle, 43 I'.l'.y.B. 442 38, 2«l DilllnKlMini v. IjmIik-. ;W Ilarh. 3M 487, 814 DMiimwk V. HnlleM, UR. 2 <'h. 21 118 Dinuwall v. MrRpiin. .30 Can. S.C.R. 441 78 Dixon V. Mnokiiv, 21 Man. UK. 7«2 2» Dixon V. Parker, 2 VV«. 228 8, 1.11) Dimk V. Stat* Bank. 28 S.V. 30» II r)c>.l(|.> V. Potter. 1(1 llnrli. ( X.Y. » 103 .VM Doll V. Hart. 2 H.C.R. 32 24(1, iM I>..ml)ro«ki v. I^lilMTt*. 27 Que. S.C. 87 189 Dominion <>»«li ReKinter v. Hall. 8 I).r..H. .-.77 23. l.>8. 3.-»S. 378. 478 Dominion Ci\»h XU-flMer v. Hall ( Xo. 2i. II D.I..R. .Iflll 388, 378, 478 Dominion Hank v. Daviilnon, 12 A.R. (Ont.) 00 403,410 Dominion Hank v. Salmon, 23 O.W.R. (M)8 101, 134 Dominion Penminent v. Morjpin. 4 D.UK. 331 82 r>i.n V. Warnor. 2« ("an. S< .!{. 388 3(12 Don V. Warner. 28 N.S.U. 202 302 Dnniilil V. Sn.klinif (IsCaD. T,.|{. 1 Q.U, ,-,88 11. 13 Donnellv V. Hall. 7 O.K. .Wl 1,150. 482 Doran v. Willnnl. 14 X.H.R. .3,>S 321 Donifla* V. Sanson. 1 N'.H. Eq. 122 328 IViu^thM V. Slnniii»-!iv, 13 (irav 408 28 Down V. Tiee. 4 Man. L.R. 177 8fl Downed V. Or^iwhrook, 3 Mer. 208 100 Dowiw V. .Salmon. 87 1-..I.Q.B. 4.i4. 20 Q.B.D. 778 280 Doyle V. Ijixlier. Ifl r,(".>vlp V. Stevens, 4 Mich. 87 28(1, .188, 393 Drisnoll V. fireen. 8 A.R. (Ont.) .Iflfl 4+«,447 Dnl)e. 11. v.. 14 Can. Cr. (a*. 43(1. 18 O.I..R. 3«7 181 Diikei V. .Tone*. (I .limes ( N'.C. 1 I... 14 408 Dnnoan v. <'a-n>ft V. Alhrei'ht. 12 Sim. ISO 20 DnmhiM v. Diiten*. 1 Ve*. .Tr. 100 70 Dunn V. FerpiH-Mm. 1 Ilaves ( Irish 1 .">42 2."> Dunn V. Mr.'one. (1 O.T-.R. +8.;. 30 r* anhitf Klhrp Co.. 3 \ ». Ki|. 301 Eattnian v. l»«rkin««n, ll:i X.W. «I4». 1.1 l*H..A. I S.S i !>il Kiirtf» (!•»<■. Ml. Ji nlt KilwHnU V. {'oMrell, 4:« Iowa IIM Kdwnril* v. Kdw.inl«. 2 Ch.l). 2in t«. 4.1H. F:.l«-arn V. Howe. .1 ^.R. (f)nt. i 574 Elder V. .Millor, flO Me. IIM Klliman v. C«rrin>rton. flWill 2 Cli. 27.1 Rllinirton v. Charleston. .11 Ala. I«ri Klliott V. Fr«HTOan. 7 L.T.N'.S. 71.5 Klliott V. fH.idston*'. 4 r.I,.T. 40.'5 Ellii 4. Co.. Re. 14 B.<'.R. 271 Elli< V. npllflhouirli. 1.1 (ir. SH3 Elli". Ex part* (181»H). 2 Q.B. 79 KWiMin V. .TonM. 4 Irwl. (S.C.) 48 Ely V. R».a0, 202. 413. Emmona v. Dowe, 2 Win. .122 Emmonn v. Kawn. 75 Ind. .1.W Emtilre Sn»h nml Drior Co. v. Maranda. 21 Man. L.R. 505 115, 270, 27?*. Empress Eninneerins Co.. Re. Ifl Ch.D. 125 England v. Oownn. 2 Reav. 522 En-'lnnd v, Down*, fl nmv. 270 Eniflaml v. Martden. I-.R. 1 C.P. 520 122, EnL'''l>a(k v. Xixon. I..R. 10 C.P, 045 40.1. Ent'li^h V. Tjine, I Porter 328 Eni'it >tdp Tn«. Co.. Ex part". Re Divies, 77 UT. ,507 Erxkine v. Townaend. 2 Mass, 40,'> E*Iiek, Re. 4 Ch.D. .503 30 Exn-iif V. Hnrnev (1805 i . 4 R.C.R. 1 44 235 245 EuHiil Ave. Trn«t Co. v. Tlohfi. 23 O.T..R. 377 " 54 Euclid Ave. Tru»t Co. v. TTolii. 24 O.L.R. 447 54 82 E\-an« V. Morlev, 21 I'.C.Q.B. .547 .5.1 Evans v. Roherts. 5 B. * C. 83« 2.5 Evans v. Roherts, Re Roherts. 3fl Cti.T). 100 037 Evsns V. Wnrren. 122 Ma«. 303 ]."J2 Evelei)fh v. Purssord, 2 Me. * Rob, 5.19 58 Everett v. Everett. 38 X.B.R. .190 -i2 Everett v. Hall. 67 Me. 497 9 100 201 «7 M 73 4S« 107 527 IHO 1« M 100 515 4.5« .528 151 Ifll 301 4.55 .5.6 254 •7 5f. zx BlUM or HAIX .\M> CIIATTEl. mmTOAOW. Kvrrman v. |t»i>li. M MU. «A.1 «> Kvrrtaun v. KwrtMin, A I'uiiv 2tW **• KxhII v. PurtrWip-, H T.H. Sim Kvmm. K» piirt*, Rr Wlll.hlr^. | Umo] I g.H. »« Kvre V. M««»i>niild, 9 H.U<'. «1H 2A4 210 Knirliiinkt v. BWirnHHil, n Ihii-r. (N.Y.) FttirWiiia V. Klm*IU-. > AXM. 115 Kulrniftnvr v. Huikl. 7 Hlng. 374 KHlktlT V. KquiUblp. 4 ,liir. N.S. |2U. F«llet V. HMth. 18 W I.. BOl P«rlin((rr v. McDonfllil, 45 l.C.Q.H. ^t.l FHrliinJi-r V. Tlnmi|iwin. 3 4«H 67A »1 4;«4 n« lao 408 no 433 54. 305, 434. 4.^». 45« X.S.K. 513 371 KVrn-.rM Uun «V.. v. H.>ii O.K. 405 Ii\ F4'«tWr«t.>n . MfD-.m-n. 15 iVAV. Iflc' 71. 73 Feehan V. Hank of Toront". 10 r.C.C.I'. 32 4«« Fwtiiiii V. llnnk o( Toronto. 10 IX'.Q.H. 474 Felix V. Hal«n.. 17 X.S.R. 4.-,l fd'lli FiHher V. nra.Nhaw. 2 O.UR. 128 ««/l«l?,- Fi,l...r V. Bnid^mw. 4 0.1..R. 1«2 «• «<• +•«• f "l Fi->h*r V. Br.H-k. 8 Man. KR. 137 J"" FiHlH-r V. Br.x'k (1H02). 3 W.UT. 74 2^ Fiilior V. Friwinmn. 47 Iowa 443 aii .qi Fi«h V. Hi(«rin». 2 Mm. I..R. «5 ^ ' t« Fit<-li V. C-otlinil. 2 Sand. Ch. 20 'J*^ Fit.. V. Dorman (Tenn.) 57 S.WR. 120 ^^^-^ •«" Fitwrnld V. .I<*nst«n. 41 IX'.Q.B. 440 IS". *^- ^ FlrtttL' V. Pi.'rcp. .58 X.H. 348 -^"^ Flunaifan v. Whetan. 31 N.B.R. 007 _ Flandort v. Clinmtiorlnin. 24 .>'li. 30.i Fl«min» V. Itank of Xew Z.«l.in.l. [1000] A.C. 57.. 00 U.1.PA Fl.ming v. .iralinm. 34 Mo. AfM>. 1«0 120 331 140 03 41 .36 Flen-inS V. MoNflMchton. 10 l.r.Q B 104 _^ >«■ •">»■ ^30 FleminK v. Rvan. 21 A.R. (Ont.) W. 30 C T...T. 32 522 Fleming v. Thorp. 78 Kan. 2.37. 19 L.R.A. (N.S.) 015 KletcWr. Ex i««rlr, 3 Oh.D. SOS . .. 86 .85. !M>4 CAMW CITCn. XXI 441 73 SI Hi 4«.l Ul H 4«A .15 4112 405 IIMH IM iu:l .V»i I a:! \m SKI wt 7rt ,493 l-i 523 ,4«M .Mi 406 t Krii«T V. Murray. 34 N.S.R. 18«. 37 CI...!. ;»tl4 ' 4. B7, 10->, 140. 3411. 370 -3 Krnwr v. Th«>mi>«1 Friink v. BrHnoh. 10 rt Fullon V. Brookn. 4 Cu»h. 203 !«' Fiirher v. Finlxvwn. 24 W.R. 370 " F.irlev V H»te«' i H. * r. -200 3«. .!« Furh'V V. Bate... 33 I...r.F.x. 43 ■»!>» Kl«ry V. D«my. 7 E«. Wl. i\ L..I. Kx. 223, 441 1, «. 73 Foley V. Canada Permanent. 4 OH. 3H 71 Kwitt V. BuUiKk, 4 l.C'.g.H. 4M0 Forbw V. Hhatturk. M Barb. 4«W KonI V. <»bb. 20 S.Y. 344 ' 1 . !„ For.l V. KHtle. 9 g.BU. 139 i'J. *'«• Konl V. R»m«>n, H Abb. Pr. ( X.Y.I X.H. 4l«i KonI V. Kanaum. .39 How. (X.V.) Pr. 42lt Korcl V. S 124 Forri»tal v. ,M«-J)onalil. « Ian. S.l'.H. 12 ^ K.«hay V. Barne.. I Han. 12 X B.R 4.VI .321. Vr»<>. Ex parte, 2 IXJ. * .r. 2.10 F-«ter V. Mo»«. 4 S.UH. 421 Fiwter V. Perkina, 42 Me. 1«8 |.\N.ter V. Smith, 13 IX'.Q.B. 243 Foulger V. Tay W)r. 5 H. * N. 202 Fo«ler V. Bell, 00 Tex. 150. 39 I.,.R.A. 254 I-Vx V. Biirnn. 12 Ba'h. 077 Fox V. Kitten. 10 111. 519 Frank v. Forman. 2 D.I..R. «. 41 Que. S.C. 511 __ Frank v. Miner. .50 III. 444 **■ Franklin v. Xeale. 13 M. * \V. 4WI Fnwr V. Bank of Toronto. 19 I'.C.y.B. M\ 14H. 451, 477, 47H. 4«5. .V.'O, Fra^-r V. VliaiNtone. r.CX'.P. 125 405, Franer v. Utier, 9 V ^.B. H7fl 17. 391, Fra«er v. Maophernon, 34 X.B.R. 417 ' 21. HO. l.-)7. -iOH. 325, .■M2, .343. 4 HJ, *'U . H ■ xxii BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOA0E8. Guar V. HunI, 1)2 III. ai5 77,91 Uatld V. Pruvinc'ial I'nioii Uuiik, [lUOO] 2 K.B. 353 179 (iage. K. v., 18 Mull. UK. 175 ,vi linge V. <.'lie«lM)r<>, 41) Wis. 48ti, 5 X.W. Kep. 881 1(» liage V. VVhittitT, 17 X.ll. 312 '...'.'... «.{ (ialf V. IJuriiell, 7 Q.R 850, 14 L.J.g.U. 340 :«1, 475 (iaie V. Ivaiu-U-, 5 U. & ('. 157 3y« (iallaKlicr v. Mcyut'en. 35 X.H.R. l!t,S log (iaiiie;), K.\ part*-. 12 L'li.U. 314 51) ♦ iaiiiiy V. (iaiuly. 30 CJi.D. 07 528 Gapp V. Baml, "l!» Q.U.D. 200 237, 3!)8, 401 (winlner v. Ijaiie, 12 .\llfii 3!) 4tj0 Oanliier v. MiKwjiii, 11) X.V. 123 472 I'.K'.ii.H. 401 ,193 (iill V. Pinnev. 12 Ohio S. 38 449 (iillard v. IV.llert, 24 O.R. 147 ,391 (iillet V. Halconi, « Barb. 370 137 (iilliiit V. (iilliat, UR. 9 Eewev. 100 111. SrtS 118 Codti V. Rose. 1 7 C.B. 229 37 (Joir V. Pope. S3 X.C. 123 484 <;oinez v. Kampini;. 4 I>i1ey ( X.Y. ) 77 10 (iold Me!. lie A MH'uUonjrh Co. v. Hewson. 35 X.B.R. 349 .12.33 (loIdsmitbV Co. V, West Metio|H>tit4in R. Co.. 1 19041 1 KB. 1 517 (ioldstanb. R. v.. 5 (^an. Cr. ^'as, 357. 10 Man. L.R. 497 lSt> (ioldstein v. Hart. 30 Cal. 372 Ifl Cooderbiiin v. Hiltebinson. 5 I'.C.C.P. 24S ,HS (>iH>diii(» V. Riley. 50 X.H. 400 28. 4. W fliMxIniiin V. (iriersiin. 2 IViiII. 4 B. 27S 4.139.140 CixHiwin V. Kelly. 42 Barb. ( \.Y. 1 194 7 CJcMidwin V. Wnpborn. 4 L..f. Ch. 172 140 CASES CITED. xxm Uoogins V. Uilmore, 47 Me. 9 133 tiordon v. Glapp, 1 13 Ma^x. 335 113 Oorham v. MummerH. 25 Minn. HI 504 (Josline v. Dunbar (1894), 3i N'.H.R. 325 3^0,370.410 (Josnell V. MtTainnpy, 16 O.W.R. 17« 127 CJottwaJls V. .MulhoUund, 1« r.i'.f.l". «2. 3 E. & App. H. 194 58 (iough V. Everard, 11 W.K. 702, » H. & C. 1, 32 l...l.E.\. 210, S L.T.X.S. 303 H3, 85. 387, 41r2 Cioulding V. Ueeming, 15 O.K. 201 203, 440, 442 (Jracc V. Whitchad, 7 Gr. 591 72 (Jraham v. Kurbur, 14 C,B. 410, 23 L..l.('.l'. 51 l:«). 4,54 Graham v. Johnson ( 1809) , 38 L.J.C. 374. L.R. 8 E(|. Mi 47. 49 Grahiuii v. Wiloockson, 4(1 L..(.E.\. 55 319 Grant v. McLean, 3 O.S. 443 4.55 (Jrwnt V. Skinner, 21 Barb. (X.Y. ) 581. Grant v. Wilrton, 17 I'.C.Q.B. 144. . Grantham v. Hawley, H. & V. 132. Gra.sH V. Austin. 7 A.R. (Ont.) 511. 10 409 21 21. 3!l. l.)(». 154. 305. 482 575 (iraveley v. .Springer. 2 N.W.T. 300. .)4 C.L..J. 135 Graveley v. Springer, 3 Terr. L.R. 120. 2 N'.W.T. IMlii 154. 200, 207, 208, 209. 210. 21ti. 432. 575. 5H3 (Jraves V. WeUl. 5 H. & A. 105 i", (treat hZastern R. v. Ijonl. [1»0«1 1 K.H. 195 238 Great Eastern R. v. I»rd. j 1908] 2 K.H. 54 2,38 Great Eastern R. v. Lord, [1909] A.f. 109 238 Great West Im 170. 173 Greet v. Royal Ins. <"o.. 5 A.R. ,598 I70 Gregory v. Thomn.s, 20 Wend. 17 ] , , 515 Greither v. .Alexander. 15 Iowa 470 458 Grey v. Levy, Ifl C.B.N.S. 79 ,[[[[ 104 GriflTin v. Cranston, 1 Bosw. 281 44t Griffin v. McKenzie. 40 I'.C.Q.B. 93 126. 458. 515. 518 Grigg V, Xational C.nnrdian .\ssoe. Co.. [1891] 3 (^li. 20(1 '. . . . . 232 Grimes v. Ganthier, 1 S.L.R. 54 109. 19<), 579 Grindell v. Brenihw. C.B.X.S. (198. 5 .Tur. X.S. 142. 28 I,..T.C.P. 333* 104. 415.416. 450 Grindley v. Blakie. 19 X.S.R. 27 378 Grove v. Wi.se, 39 Midi. 472 87 Gnest V. Diaek (1S97). .33 C.L..I. 497. 29 X..^.R. .504 . . . . 375 Gunn V. Burgess. 5 O.R. 0«5 3,5, 4^8 Crunn V. Ruttan. 7 I'.C.C.P. 516 14. v, Hu-on. 408 501 ;1?>1!1 A.C. 722 n,S XXIV BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOES. Ha^ffiiTty V. Palmer, « .lolinaon C'li. 437 374 HaKjjart v. Hrani|>t, 'M, iJ7. ;«)3, 404 Hull V. Collins Hay Co., Iri A.U. (Ont.l tl5 453.408,455,459 Hall V. Ditson. .55 How. (N.Y.) Pr. 19, 5 Alih. X.C. 19S 114 Hall V. Ha/.Iitt. 1 1 A.R. (Ont. ) 749 .33 Hall V. Pillow. 31 Ark. 32 105 Hall V. Sampson, 35 N.Y. 274, 277 89, 100 Hallas V. Robinson. 15 Q.RD. '288 l.M Hallen v. Riiniler. 1 CM. 4 R. 2tl(l 30 H.illiilay v. Holffate. UK. 3 E.v. ;t02 90 Halpenny -. Pennoc-k. 33 r.<'.Q.U. 229 I. 75. 79. 82, 441 Hamet v ihimlas, 4 IVnn. 1 78 H Hamill v. <;ille»pie. 48 N'.Y. 5,'Xi 134 Hamilton v. Cihaine. 7 Q.B.I). 319 448 Hamilton v. Harrison. 4fi C.C.Q.It. 127 40. .307. 411. 423, 428. 429. 494 Hamilton R. Co. v. re Ilank, 10 C.U.F. 45 327 Hamlin v. .lerranl. 72 Me. «2 34 Ifanilyn v. Hetteley. 49 L..f.C.P. 4B5 282 H:immaml v. Danielson, 12(1 Muss. 294 87 llamlley v. Harris. 48 Kan. OWi. 17 L.R.A. 703 \Ki Hundley v. Howe. 22 5. 525 4« UH. 571, Hau'e« V. Leader, Cro. .Joe. 270 H««orth V. J-'leUher, 20 r.C.g.B. 27M Hawtrv v. Butlin, I,.R. H Q.U. 29« H»j»ittrse (1»tt V. Murray. 12 C.C^.C.P. 315 Hi-M'ox V. fireenwvKxI. 4 E^p. 174 Ho,iillev V. Hoadlev. 48 Innt.' 449 .. .457. .506. 512. 513, 514. 515, Hocffler v. Trwin. 8 O.L.R. 740 HogalMOTm V. (ira.vdon. 26 O.R. 298. 31 C.L..I. 100 391. Holland V. H.Klpson ( 1872). L.R. 7 C.P. .328 29. Holling-iworth v. V.'hite. 10 W.R. 619 Holman v. Doran. 56 Ind. .3.58 164, 145 123 .59 307 449 20 442 387 489 446 20 424 498 537 151 78 480 457 536 493 2.32 20 52 35 I. 50 88 415 7 ( 26 419 127 408 .361 516 ta 396 401 165 415 r jxn BILLS OP SALE AND CHATTEL M0RTGAflE8. llolnw-i V. Hlogjf. H Taunt. 3.'i. 1 .\1lnim V. (irunt, 8 Paige 2+;i Holiiiett V. Hiiiklf, «3 Ind. 518 HoliiivH V. MtttthewM, 3 . Hohne-i v. Mottlipws, 5 |K' V. Hayley. 5 Kl. & HI. 8.30 1 1 7. 155. H«|»' V. Havlrv (185«), 25 l,..l.g.lt. 155 Hoi* V. Hope. 8 D. M. & G. 731, 2tl L..T. Cli. 417 Hoiie V. May, 24 .4.R. (Ont. ) 10 H«pe V. Parrott, 7 O.L.R. 49« »)5, 404. Home V. Hughes, 6 Q.U.D. 676 Horsfall v Boi»Heau. 21 O.A.R. (Mi3 I.VS. Hownicr V. Kartfent. 8 Allen 97 Hough V. Bailey. 32 Conn. 288 Houghton V. Stringer, 12 Q.H.I). 132 Houghton V. Stringer. 13 Q.B.D. .302 Houlton V. Dunn (Minn. ) , .30 I..R.A. 737 Houlton V. Niohol. 93 Wis. .393 Housatonic v. Mnrtin, 1 Met. 294 Houston V. Merchants Bank, 31 Can. S.C.K. 3«1, 37 C.U.I. 4.59 Hovev V. Whiting. 14 Can. .S.C.R. 515. 13 A.R. (Ont.) 7. 9 O.R. 314 150, 151, ^^2. 207, 208, 209. 271, Howarwski. 5 Or. .")55 Howlev V. Cook. Ir. R. S Eq. 570 Hcyt V. Stockton. 13 N.B.R. 60 Huhbard, Ex parte. 17 Q.B D. 090 Hutiert V. Moreaii. 2 Car. & P. .'>28 HuelKT V. Koelie. 42 Wis. 319 Hughes V. Chnmhers. 14 Man. I,.K. 103 Hughes V. <;r.Tves. 1 Litt. (Kv. 1 317 Hughes V. I>it,ie. 17 Q.B.D. 204 Hughes V. Little. 18 Q.B.D. 3-' Hughiin V. AtcColhini. 20 N'.S.R. 20-.> Hughes V. Shull. 32 Alh. T,..T. 337 Hulbert v. Peterson. 30 Can. S.C.R. 324 499 4«5 491 171 387 105 75 320 22 104 497 401 5.3»- 487 III 449 419 419 50 50 4,58 238 286 111 494 114 5.38 133 394 .30 33 472 172 403 170 124 12.2.32. 3.37. .391. 400 162 8« 77 35 4'. 406 .360 42fl 100. 225. 298. 370. 508. 690 109. 151. CASES CITED. rixvu IIiillMTt V. IVter-on. B Torr. L.K. 114 3"« Hull V. Carnlev, U X.Y. 501 13* Humbler v. Mitchell, 11 A. * K. 20.) 20 Hungate v. Reynolds, 72 HI. 425 117 Hunter. Re. H D.UR. 102 70 Hunter v. Caldwdl, 10 Q.B. 69 249 Hurst. R. V. (1901 ), .) Can. Cr. Va*. .3.1S. 13 .Man. L.R. .)H4 IH.i. 186 Hutpliinsi.n v. Kay. 2.1 Heav. 413 403 Hutchlnxon v. Xav, 183 Maiw. 35'> IfiO Hutchinson v. RoberU, 7 U.C.Q.B. 470 l.iO Htitton V. Outtwi'l ■ 1 K. 4 B. 1.1 440 Hyatt V. Argenti, 3 Cal. 151 16 Hvnian v. Bourne, .'i O.K. 430 395 Hyman v. CuthlH>rt«on, 10 O.R. 443 13.5. 27**. 320. 431 Imperial Brewers v. f;elin, 18 Man. UR. 283 22. I.i7. 287. 580 lin|ierial Kire Ins. Co. v. Hull. I Cameron S.C. ('a«. 1. 18 Can. S. C.R. «07 171. 172 Imperial I>oan v. Clement, i I Man. UR. 428 127 Imi>erial Paper Mills v. Queliee Bank. 6 D.L.R. 47.'>, 3 O.W.N'. l.">«4. 26 O.L.R. 637. 22 O.W.R. 703 22. 3.>. 81. 160 Inch V. Simon. 12 Man. L.R. 1 287 Independent Lumber Co. v. David, 5 S.L.R. 1 127 Tn^'lis V. .lames Ricliardson. 10 D.L.R. \r,H 12. 14 Injiraham v. McKny. 8 D.L.R. 132. 49 C.U.I. 7fi 125 Innian v. Rae (ISftS). 10 Man. L.R. 411 27."). 278. 280. 287. 289 Insurance Co. v. \Vool.l 72 100 .Tiirdine. Ex l>arte. L.R. 10 Ch. 322 153 .Tay. K\ parte. I..R. 9 Ch. 697. 705 85. 395 .Jenkins v. .Tones. 2 Oiff. 99. 108 ]n9 .Tenkvn v. Vanghiin. 3 Drew. 419 4.i4 .Tenner v. Smith. L.R. 4 C.P. 270 3f, .Tewett v. Preston. 27 Me. 400 4.34 .Tewett V. Warren. 12 Mass. 300 12. 45 .lo'ins V. Ware. [1899] 1 Ch. 359 -141 .Tolinson. Re. 7 D.T,.R. 37.5. 4 O.W.V. 1.53. 23 O.W.R. 132 U5 Tobnson v. Crowfoot. 53 Barb. 574 9. .399 .Johnson V. Disprose. 1 Q.Ti. 512 138 •Tohn^on. Ex pnrte. 32 W.R. 693. 26 Ch.D. 3.38 202. 260. 442. 494 XXVUl BILLa OP SALE AND CHATTEL MOBTOAOES. Johniton, Kx parte, SO L.T.X.S. JU iii JohiMuii V. HuldMworth, 4 Uowl. IM'. u;J 537 JohiMon V. Jvtfritw, 30 Mo. 4i3 501 .lohnwin V. Logan, 32 X.S.R. i8 3i Juhntion v. SiniUi, 1 1 Humph. (Tenn. i ;«M1 16 JolinMm V. Williamliuritt, I L..F. Cli. 112 17« Johnstone, Ke, 50 L.T. 184 428 Johnston v. (irizard, 51 Ark. 71l», 3 L.K.A. "».> li>2 John^ttun V. Hemlersion, 2H O.K. 25, 32 C'.l...l. 0711 45» Johnitton v. Wade, 17 ().l*K. 372 4«lt, 528 Jom-H V. Brewer. 1 N'.B. Kq. «3() 3, 21, 329 .Ione< V. Dunbar, 32 I .t'.C.P. 13tl 143 Jone.t V. Flint. 10 A. & E. 753 24 Jones V. Harris, UK. 7 Q.H. 157 410.428.480,521 Jones V. Henderson, 3 Man. UK. 433 274, 303, 407, 4«1 Jones V. Herbert, 7 Taunt. 421 538 .Jone.s V. Howell, 3 Rob. X.Y. 438 510 .lones V. HuKKeforJ. 3 Met. (Muss.) 515 .i3H, ,537 Jones V. 'Merionethshirt- Permanent ilenefit IHdif. .Soeietv. [18011 2 Ch. 587 ■ 51 .Tones v. North Vancouver, etc.. Co.. [1010] A.C. 317 113 ,lones V. Smith. 2 Ves. Jr. 378 n .lones V. Statlmni. 3 Atk. 388 5, 139 Jones V. Swajze, 42 N..J. ( U ) 279 389 .Tones V. Turch, 33 Iowa 240 97 .Tones V. Twcihey, 1 A.L.K. 207 105. 105, 2(M). 225. 410. .iOO .Ionian v. Fariwworth. 15 (irny 517 (Mass.) 417, 5.31 .lordan v. .T. I. Case Thresher Co.. 7 U.UR. 855 84, 154 .Toseph V. Lvons. 15 Q.H.I). 280 . 1,55 .Toseph V. Webb. 1 C. 4 E. 262 .' 21 .Tost V. McCuish, 25 N.S.R. 519 378. 508 Kaliley. Re. 2 Hiss. :183 7« Kalserhof Hotel Co. v. Zul)er. 9 D.TaR. 877, 46 Can. S.C.R. 651 , . 110 Kniserhof Hotel fo. v. Zulx'r, 25 O.UR. 194 HO Kana)>a v. Taylor, 7 Ohio St. 134 105 Kaplin v. .Anderson. 88 111. 120 4.5^ Karet v. Kosher. 2 Q.B.I). 301 si.'j, 515 Kay V. Chapmnn. 11 D.UU. 720. 24 \V.1.,.R. 80 . . . . .25l! 571 Kaye v. Dutton ( 1844). 13 I...T.C.P. 183. 7 Man. 4 C. 807 47 Ketiys V. Brtm'n. 22 Or. 10 02 Kedily v. Daurey. 7 D.1..R. 118 '...'.'..'......... 74 Keefer v. .Merrill. « A.R. (Ont.) 132 27 Keefer v. Phoenix Ins, Co.. 31 Can. S.C.R. 144 109 Keenan v. Ost»>rne. 7 0.1..R. I.'M l,'J4 Keenan v. Stimson. 31 Wh. h..J. 118 ,505 Keetoh V. Hall. 1 Sm. I-. Cns. ,523 H6 Kehr. R. v. ( \o. 2 1 . 18 Can. Cr. Cn.s. 57 I8| 182 Kohr. R. V. (Xo. 3). 18 Can. Cr. Cns. 202 I81! 182 Kellojr V. I;ovely. 40 Mioh. 131 ' 35 Kelli>g V. S<'cnr(l. 42 Mioh. 318 4i>8 Kelly V. Maoklem. 14 Or. 29 ' ' mn Kelly V. Montajfiie. 29 L.R. Ir. 429 ift] Kelsey v. Ropers. .32 CCCP. 024 ',[ 403 Kendal v. Wood. T,.I?. Kx. 243 7B Kennedy v. De Tniirord. [1897] A.C. ISO .......... .110 I i ii CASES CITED. xxuc K«'nn«ly v. Nat. I'nion H«nk. i:i Hun. ( N.V. I Wi "8 Kennwly v. Thomas, 1 WU] i «^H. 7.5lt ""TB Kennpdy v. Whittle, 27 X..S.K. 4tlO :«7, 360 KensinKton, Ex parti-, 2 V. 4 ». 7» •> Kent V. Allbritain. 4 H(>w. ( Mi.tH. | 317 •«. H Kent V. ElIU, 31 Can. .S.C'.R. 110 376 Kent V. Ellis, 32 X.S.K. 541) 3.rt Kerr v. Brunton, 24 I'.C'.C It. Mm •»'• Kerr v. Canadian ll«nk of i'oniniene. 4 O.K. tl52 3HK Kerr v. Ci>l(|uhoun, 2 O.W.X. .-12 1. IH O.W.U. 174 1"3 Kerr V. Kinsev, l.> I'.C.C.I'. -VU '''^^ Kerr v. Roberts. 33 C.L..I. tiflo •»-2-«' ••**3 Kerry v. James. 21 A.R. ( Ont. i 33S 1«.V .■)12 Kessev V. JlcHenrv, 54 Iowa IH7 •*57 Kevaii v. Crawford, « Ch.D. 2!» 40. 4.'> Kidney v. Coussmaker. 12 Ves. I3« 12!». 4o4 Kil V. HeUlier. 23 X.S.K. 4(i2 3»Hi, 3t! i'>>* Kinj? V. Kuhn. 4 Man. L.R. 413 i'S King V. Midland R. Co., 17 W.R. 113 1«1 Kinffslev v. Holhrmik. 4.1 X.H. 313. 3IS. 310 2-> Kingston v. ChapnMUi. 1) r.^'.C.P. 130 14«. 478. 48t! Kins<'v V. Xational Trust Co.. l.i Man. I,.K. 32 42 Kirbv" V. Shoonuiker. 3 Barb. (X.Y.) Ch. 4(1 7(t Kiroiihoffer v. Clement ( 1S!)7 ) . 11 M in. L.R. 4(10 304. 30(1 Kirk V. Blurton. !• M. 4 \V. 3H4 i"' Kirk V. Burton. !) M. 4 W. 283 -J''' Kirk V. Cbisholm. 2H Can. S.C.R. HI 08. 3.i7. .363. :W.i Kirk V. Chishohn. 28 X.S.R. Ill 36.3. .3fi.> Kirkham v. AttenlH>rouKh. 1 Q.U. 201 322 Kisswk V. .larvis. n I'.C.C.P. l.Vl 4«7..>11 Kitohin. Re. 1« Ch.D. 22(1 1«1 Kit. 281. 40(1, 411. 447. 4.-.(i. 402 Kitrhinj; v. Hicks. 20 C.L..T. 112 ■•74 Klein v. Vnion Fire Ins. Co.. 3 O.R. 324 172 Klork V. Molsons Bank ( Xo. 1 i , 2 D.L.R. 44.i 41 Que. S.C. 370 13 KIcK-k V. Molsons Bank ( Xo. 2 i . 3 D.L R. .".21 81 Kb>epf«r v. Wnrnoek. 18 <',in. S.C.R. 701 02 Kloepfer v. Warnock. 1 -■) (). A.R. 324 02 Knajijfs V. fJreene. 48 Wis. (101 72 Knox V. lAfeldrum. not roportml 428 KouBh V. Priee. 27 C.C.C.P. 30!1 440 Kranet v. Simson. (l.'j 111. 344 53 Kulm V. Craves. !) Iowa 303 40.) T.«eon V. Allen. 3 Drew. .■>70 «. 1 40 Uflin V. C.rifflths, 3.5 Barl). .18 393 I>ai V. Stall. C.CQ.B. .iO(i 41.5 Lai Hop V. .laokson ( 18i>.i). 4 B.C.R. 108 24.5 lAint! V. Ontario Savint's Co.. 4(1 I'.C.Q.B. 114 2:t. 30.>. 487 l. V. Urut-e, 45 L.J.Q.H. S.IH Ii«ml> V. Durant, 12 Maiw. 54 lADiiint V. ONon, 18 W.L.Il. 2(H) IjiimI.iI Ranking Co. v. Clarknon, Feb. 23, 1897, not ro|M)rtwl Utmlr.v V, MK'all, « D.L.R, 71),1, 41 Que. K .». .148 Un.', K«', 17 y.B.l). 74 Lane v. Smythe, 4(1 N..I. K0), 28 l..,I. Kx. 232 .....!........ Lanjfton v. Hijflf'i* 4 H. It N. 402 Lanirton v. llorton, 1 Hare .">49 liitni^on V Morton, ."i Ht-av. 9, 19 r>,n, Lanirton v. Waring. 18 C.K. 315 .....[.'..' Ijingtry v. Clark (1890). 27 O.R. 280, 32 <'.I.,..T. 199 121. 12fl. Ijinoy V. Duke of Athol. 2 Atk. 445 I^ntz'v. uMorse. 28 X.S.R. 535, 32 C.U.l. 480 I.a|iierrc v. McDonaUl, 39 NJ<.R. 24. 47 C.UI. 27 .30i8. I^ RiMhe V. O'lfagan. 1 O.R. .300 L'A^AiH'iation ile St. .Jean liaptii4te, etc. v. Uraiilt. 30 Can. S.C.R. ."i98 . Lat.li V. Fiirlonif ( 18«fi ) . 12 (Jr. ;103, ,300 1.",, 109. 1 lo. Latimer v. Batson, 4 B. 4 C. (i,V2 I.iatinier v. Wlieelcr, 30 Uarli. 48(i 4,57, L'U-|j;ne v. Naranmre. 52 Vt. 207 Ijiwlor V. Niol. 12 JIan. L R. 224 l^awramM- v. Calsworthy, 3 ,lur. 1049 .15, Ijiwrenco \ . Evatt*, 7 Oliio St. 194. . I..awrcnce v. Tucker. 23 How. 14 Lawrie v. H&thbun. 38 C.C.Q.B. 2.">5 littwter V. Griffin. 40 Ind. 593 I jay son v. Cooper, 174 Mo. 211 l.iii/.aru'* V. Nndruilc. 5 C.IM). 318. 319 21. 22. I.V>. 342, 343. 473, I^athnm v. Amor. 47 L,.1.(J.I1, 581 ■>][ Lee V. Barnes. 17 Q.B.D, 77 44.1, Lee V. Culp. 8 O.L.R. 210 ' Lee V. Oorrie. 1 C.L.,I. 7(1 .1,5 Lee V. Griffin. 1 B. & S. 272 ...'...' Lees V. Whiteley. L.R. 2 E(|. 143 I-ep'as V. Tni.xt.s ami (iuarante<> fV>.. 5 D.L.R. 389 IjCKgatt V. Brown, 29 O.R. ,1,30, 30 O.R. 22.) Legh V. Legh. 1 Bos.. & l>. 447 Leiand v. Colliver. 34 Mich. 418 Leiand v. Sprague. 28 Vt. 740 Lepard v. Vernon. 2 Ves. i!t B. 51 Ixiroux V. Brown. 12 C.B. 803. 22 L..J.C.r. I Le Targe v. l)e Tuyll. 3 C.r. 3(>9 rt, l^e Targe v. l)e Tuyll, 1 Cr. 227 ' Le Vasseur v. Beaulieii (1890), 33 N.B.R. .569 327, Levy V. Atiercorris. 37 Ch.l). 200 I.evy V. liOgan. 2 ' N.S.R. 412 lyevy V. I'olaik. 52 L.T. 55! 165 275 76 4 404 61 148 161 1.96 536 402 462 52 21 38 210 1.30 38 127 405 ,305 370 51 113 07 514 143 15 100 470 53 509 20 15 480 448 38 100 498 170 42 51 Ji37 170 20 147 104 139 331 527 305 155 CASES CITED. XXXI Lpwi-. V. D'Arcv, 71 III. MS HO. IH l«win V. Denton, lit N.S.K. 2.15 • 'IT.'. Lewi*, Kx p»rte. I..R. tl Ch. App. »12tl «.i. 235. 3H7 l*wiii V. Palmer, 28 X.Y. 271 457 Lewis V. Ri'ad. 1.1 M. * W. 234 12« I^vn V. M.Pheroon, 17 I'.C.C.r. 2«rt 4.1. 44. 4«5 Libhy v. CiKhman, 29 Me. 421t 132 Light V. Hawley. 29 O.R. 25, 34 C.U.,1. HI 79. 133. V2.-|. 432 Ijncoln VV«(j(jon Co. v. Mumforl Inn. Co. v. AgriiMiltiirwl I/ian Co., 33 <'an. S.C.K. !)4 173 Liwrpf^l Ins. Co. v. Agricultural I»an Co., 3 O.L.K. 127 173 Livingstoni" v. Wwiterti In«. Co., Ill e Finanee Corp.. Re. IS T.L.R. 681 140 London & Midland Bank v. Mitchell. [1899| 2 Ch. 1111 192 I/ondon Pre*song V. Ixmg. 16 Cr. 239 142 Ix>ni» V. Long. 17 (ir. 251 142 1,( glKiftoni V. Herrv. L.K. 5 (^11. 123 33. 401 Tiongman v. Tripp. 2 B. & I'.N.R. 07 388 liongridge v. Dorville, 5 B, * Aid. 117 40. 4.S. 49 I>>m|Uet V. Scawen. 1 Vp«. 453 143 TxHick- V. McSloy. 29 C.C.C.P. 54. 62 93. 94. 95 l^Midcn Mannfiiitiiring Co. v. Milniine. 15 n.L.U. 53 73 I»ve V. Blair. 72 Ind. 281 IS Lovitt. R. v.. [19121 A.C. 212 107 Ixiw V. Pettengill. 12 X.H. 337 502 l-Mcas V. Harris. 20 111. 105 53(1 Lumlev v. Simmons. .34 Ch.I). 098 108 Lums9. !.to.>45. 4-54 mi ZZXIl BlUM or f)AI.E AND CHATTEL MORTOAOU). Mai-kay v. Firrm, 14 \V.I,.H. lit" Hit Marriirroon v. Kmlrricton lhM>in Co., \i X.H.K. .1:17 :iHlt, 40» MimI*-!! v. TlM«m««, ( IHIM | I y II. 230 5 iUikr V. MiKiiinon, 21 (mii S.C.It. (145 til M»(rriHliT V. Stute limik. IH Ark. It 40 Mai'.i|iii. 4 K. Hi ,^38 JUnitDlHi V. Iti.iton ( IHItU 1 , 4 \V.I,.T. 114 2«() Mmiitohk l,uml»T t'ci. v, Kmni<'p«.n, ."» I).I,.K. ;».I7 115. 1»», 14(t, 142 Maniti>liu i N.W. I^ian Co. v. Ilurkir. H .Man. M{. 2AM IH!) MunniiiK v. Cox. 7 Mcort' tll7 .VI7 Maiiniii;; v. Miiiia|{lian. 1 honw. ( N.Y.) 4."iO 132 Mari'h v. Ciil|M'|i|M'r. ( ro. Car. 71 40 -Vlarihaiit v. Morton, Down k to.. ( iflOl | 2 KIJ- 820 77 Marlow, Re. 13 Ch.1). KM) |,-,7 .Marplfit V. Ilarllc.\. .10 I,..I Q II. «2 ;M12,4U Marcjiiin V. Ciintin'. 42 (,»iic. S.C. 132 Al Marriott v. An< lior, 7 .hir- X.S. l.Vi 1 1,1 Mariili'ii V. .Mi'iulovn 7 (^li.ll. Hit 404 .Mar«li. Kx part.-. 1 Atk. l.iS 411.5 Mar^li V. l.Hwmiic, 4 Ciiw. 4111 H Marnli. 11. v., 3 Y. i 1. 3:il 114 .Marnhal v. Ilaltimorp & (tliio 11. U. Co.. Ill lldw.inl ( I .S. ) 314 .Vl MMr-.linll V. CrriM, 15 L.l CI'. I.VI. 1 CIM). .15 2.">. 402, 4111 .Martliin*>n v. I'attcrHon. 20 n(f. Tex. Civ. A|>(i. Ulltl. tl2 S.W. H,* IH IV-arnmn. 45 I '.( .g li. 212 2. .53H. .5.3!* .Simiwon 1 1H1MI ( , 21 A.U. 1 2Hlt. 4.10 I'ml^MT. 5 lliirr. 21131 1311 l'»rl. v. Scliram. 5 Terr. l.|{. 338 .Masiiret v. Mitchell. 2l! Cr. 435 Mather v. Kriiser. 2 K. A .1. 5311 33, Mathers v. I.ynih. 2H r.C.Q.II. 354 1.50, 424. 445. 4.50. Mathes.in v. INilloek ( IHII3 1 . 3 It.C.R. 74 2411. 2.5(1. Matl.ews v. Keaver. 1 Cox 2H0 4;|. Matthews v. Holmes, 5 (Jr. ,13 Matthews v. Wallwyn. 4 Vee*. 1 IH Matthie V. KilwanU! Ill L..I. Ch. 405 Maiijrhan v. Slnvrpe. 17 C.lt. iN.S.) 443. 34 I,.,I.C.I*, 111. 11 .Inr. (X.S.) 080 2. H3, Maillsor v. Conimereial Hank. 17 r.('.(J B, .10 411 IS 455 17« I »7, 14!t, 473, 470. 4S4. 4H5. 575 171 411(1 314 l,1t» 140 401 4 Ho 277 411.5 e 53S 114 102 *i !! I CAHi:8 CITED. uxiii '.71 Maxwell V Kprrir, M r.CCIV II Mav V S'ciiritv Umn. 4:i l'.((^ll. IIHI MrtViT V. Mmkif. 1.-. W l-.H. lis .Mav. V. <»iHi.illv. .l.-i Nit II. 701 M<-.\lli»t.T V Koi^vth. \i ( «ii. sen. I M Yir«. (Ti'iiii ) ln.'i .MH'lar.v V. Il..»laml. It lUlt. 471t Mi('i>iiii)ic, V l)avif< li Ka-).L.H 77 .MrCdV V. l.a!.»itlT, !!."> N.C. H.S Mi-Cimlv V. (Jraiif. .I:" N.S. It. .Vill l.'if). :ift.t. 44J 44.->. iM, tlH. I. -,.->. Itll. Nli, N!t. OS. 4411, 27I». IHH. ■JIMI. l.-.t. nil. ItlJ l.MI. |.-,1. 1,-,J 1711.471 207. L'os. lii.- .".4. S.l. J.'.ii, J.M. J.-itl .111 . , (1.1 in .MilW'vitt. K M.l),,iial.l V. .M.Doiml.l V. MrDoiiald V. M.Di.iiaM V. .MiDonalil v. .M<'|)(.iialan .\>«i . Klli.itt. 2..li.v Hr"-<.. (iKil.'i lil.M-k.'r. 2 In.l. Trrr Tniiiir. :] .liiiics I N.C. , -MiUiiialil. 21 i.T- :illl ■. I'(T(,'ii-.iii. t N'.ll. K.|. I .1. 172 tiiii Hit. Apii. Ca<. 4.'i7 2i;o. .-iH l,.I!..\. I I.. 4SI . , M .\I .\I M .\Ir( Mid...' v. Sniltli. il r. C.C.I'. S!l .MiiHJIivrav v. Kirl'ir. 4 r.C.(,i.ll. .1)2 MrCiviriii V. .McCan-laiiil. Ml C. C.C.I'. 4iio .Mc(.r.ycir V. KiTr (ISliiii. 2n N.S. I!. 4.'>. :!2 C.I...T. .->():( .Mr(;rfn-or v. McNeil. :I2 I'.C.C 1'. ."..IS M((;i(f:or V. St. ('r.)i\ I.iiniliii- Ci... s D.I, .It. STt! .Mi-Cn;;aii v. Sinitli. 21 Can. S.C.I!. 2il.i . -\I>llii;;li V. Cnion Hank, lo I).I,.I!. .-,II2. [Ifll.i] A.C. 2'l!l. 14 C; 47.!. :i A.Ult. Itlii. 2 A. I.. If. :!III «!. !"!'. !!■>. !! 1. !!'!> j!!! -i)!; HI. 407. 12. S23 4Ha 2114 |S1» 210 .1111 ■1(12 :t»iO .•>7!» 12S (12 4s:i 20(t 17 .-.17 4!l .571 2.-> I I :I2 li:i 117 71 4H4 A-IH l.-|H l.M 1.1 .'1117 i;ii 402 4i>:i 4.18 (l.'l (1.1 .-.KO 12.-. .17 4(HI 4.VI 174 ,1S4 7 fl2 74 42S 4t! 1.10 .•t7il lin SI 42 III. s.c.it. -,-iii, -.S-2 C — BtLLS OF S.M.E. XXXIV IIII.IJ4 nr SAI.K AND rll.VTTKl. M<>HT«. MdntiMh V. MotlontH-ll, 4 O.S, 10.1 Mrlnlyre v. Mt»t«, 4 r,<(l'. HH Mi'liilvri* V. I'liion llnnk. 'i Man. I,.l(. niiA *^,'iH>\. M. Kiiy V. Iturriit, .12 \.S.It, \Mt , 1»7, Mi'Knv V. Niirwii'h I nion Iti". Co., 27 O.Il. 2.11 M.Kiil»r V. M.Kil.U.n. 12 .\ H (Otit.) 221, 21 «'.L.I. 414 M.'KitTK"' V. M.C.Hi... Ill gm- S.C. 120 Mcljirri'M V. 'riMiinpxin, 40 \\i\ 2H4 Mt'ldtiiKlilin V. Wuril, 77 Iml. :in;| MiNmi V. r..'ll. ft Kii«. i C-l.l . 17 N S.U. 12H .MrU-«ii V. IWII. ( 1H1I.-,| A.C. tl2,"> M<-I.<'»ii V. (ir«nt, 1 Kt'rr. :i N.lt.ll. .'i MiU'nn V. I'inkerton. 7 A.R. (Onl.) t' tl2, lll.'i. 41.1. 414, 440, 442.4tl7, M.IomhI v. IhMi.Ptto. :!« X.s.H. 1,11 ih?, :i.m. M. Uh«I v. Fortiim., in U.( Q II. l»n 1X1. lil.1. Mcl^ml V. K. lit t'CC^II. IIMI 420. 4«l:<. 4114. Mi-I^'ml V. MiTcer. 11 ir.Cl'.P. 1H7 M.Iorjf V. Mii«t.T V. liurlaixl. .H A.U. (Out.) 1 40.1, McMu-tcr V. <;«rlaml, 111 r.CC.I'. .UO .IKO. MiMillaii V. MtSluTrv, 1.1 .l..U. ISl, 20 O.K.U. 1 McMiilliMi V. William*. ,1,1 O.A. It. .11K M.Miillin V. Ilin Imnan. 20 .N..s.lt. 1 10 Mi'Nati V. iwv.T. !• X.S.I!. ;i« 320, .MiNi'iil V. .ncruin. 1.1 (iniv (Muss.) 3,S» 110, MrNi.lii.ll V, Klli«. 2.S C.L.J. 0.1 MiNiKlit V. (;or.l..n, 1.1 Kirli. ( S.C. ) Kc|. 222 MiNntt. R. v., 33 N>.K. 14 Mil'iirllan.l v. IJca.l. 1 1 AHimi 231 386. 380. Mtl'hiTson V. MiNxly, .'i.l XI' It 1:. " "I,.!. ;.-lil 04. 102. Mil'liiTBon V. UfynoliU, « r.C.C.P. 4»i l.io, M(<,)iii-.n V. I'hoenix .Miltmil, 4 Can. ,S.C.K. 600 100. M>R»i' V. I'.^nt. Nat. Ilunk. 00 N.Y. 4N0 Mrllolifrts V. IlamiltdM. 7 1' I!. 0.1. 13 C.I-.J. 107 MiR.dN-rtu V. SIcinoir. 1 1 I ».1{. 300 M1). i.'IH M-rihiint> N»t. Hunk v: McUiKhlin. I MH'rary -IM .M.ll. 4.11 .\I.Till« V. Swift. IH O.nn. 2itH .Mi-i.Kat V. I'iiinp<-lly, 4)1 Wi». tWO .MiMix V. .Im<.l)«. I,.l{. 7 II.I.. 490 MryiT V. HIiKkl.iirn. ;is N.S.U. flO 471 63 52 633 4ltH 72 .MfVi'M V. SnV'ltT. IMl lowtt 107 • 1.1 MfViToteiri V." MurlHT, L.R. 4 HI.. :M7 II Mc'viT»l«iii V. lkirl«T. I..U. 1 < .1'. 32 14 .\lirli»fl V. fiiiv. 1 KiHi. Ik Kin. 410 «8 Mi.hii- V. Koj'nol.N. 24 I'.C.g 11. .10,1 l:trt Mii'hiiran Ina. Co. v. Ilrown. 1 1 Mich. 20tl 440 MnMI..k« V. Tli.pnip«.in. 11) I.C.Q 11. :lo7 .INI), 404 Miillnn.1 V. Cowicwn, 20 O.K. 5H3 4:14 .Midlaml llank v. Mitili.'ll. [1H!M(1 2 Cli. 101 ;,;n Mlim V. IlBl."lv.ki. 1 Sank. I.K. 41.-. S71..177 Milr* V. .Xnkali-ll, 2.1 .\.R. |Ont.> 4.1N 2!) Milcn V. Ankati-ll. 2U O.K. 21 29 .\lilM V. Sfvi Zfalaml Alfonl fjitati- ("o , .T2 Cli. 1). 2lltl 48 .Millar V. Allen. 10 U.I. 4H 93 Mill.T llroH. V. Blair, S7 N.S.R. 21t:i 37.1 Millfr V. Iliim-tnirv, 21 Win. 1170 417 Miller V. Ciirrv, il X.S.K. .137 37.1 Milli-r V. Joiwn, 1.1 Nat. Rank Ihu. MO 08. 520 Mill, r V. Moore. 17 W.L R. 54H (Alta.) 51 Miller V. OHtrander, 12 r,r. 349 71.73 Millijrun V. Sutherland. 27 O.R. 235. 32 C.\j..1. 231 MS, 4«8 Mills V. Davis. U.C.C.P. 510 71 .Milli V. Kinp, 14 r.C.C.P. 223 148. 4S2 Mill* V. Wynian, 3 Pick. ( Ma»<.) 207 •.3 Milne \, Ilenrv, 40 IVnii. :i"2 394 Milton V. Mo«her, 7 Met 241 7.1 Minhinnick v. Jollv. 29 O.R. 238 30 Minot r.rwerv (Vi. v. Durkk. 10 DL.R. 120 107 Mitcheir* C^uw. L.R. R]. 3413 73 Mitchell V. Read. 19 Hun. ( .V.Y. ) 418 KtO Mitchell V. RoWrtu, 17 Fed. Rep. 77(1 12 MofTatt V. OouUon. 19 I'.C.Q.B. 341 272, 278, 454. 4.18, 510 Mojrjj V. Baker. 3 M. & W. 195 47.1 Mopul Steamship Co. v. MKiregor, [1892] A.C. 2.1 52 Moher v. OOrady. 4 UR. Ir. 54 49 Molsons llank v. Halter. 18 Can. S.C.R 88 54, 60. fi2, 201, 2411 Mi.lsona Bank v. Klork. 9 D.L.R. 877 13 Molton V. Oamroux, 4 Ex. 17 74 Monnot v. T.pert, 33 Barb. 24 53 Montefiori v. Monteflori, 1 W. 111. ,3«4 453 Montgomery v. Ryaa 10 O.L.R. 75 191 Montp>mery v. Wright, 8 Mich. 143 483 Montreal Loan Co. v. Deni», 14 Que. S.C. 106 172 Moody V. Ellebe, 4 .S.C. 21 536 M.->«.r! V Manr^r, 3fi N.B.P,. Sai 1??. 12H I XXXVl BIU«S OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. Moon V. Clark.', 30 f.r.CM'. 117 "i Mooro, Kx part.'. U Ch. I). :t7» oq i ■•« ■,'-!« Mih)r.' V. Magratli. 1 Cowpci Moore v. l'iink|M'llv. 4ti \Vi«. lilid M.Mtri" V. SiniKT, 7i I...I.K.H. .57S, :t7 L..1.K.H. Morgan V. Johnson, 4 D.L.K. (>4.'? Morpin V. Shinn, l.'i Wall. lll.'> M.)rr.'ll V. Fisher, I'.l l-I. Kx. i'-i Morri.s V. Martin, lit O -11)11 7 .118,124 . . . 70 4 . ... 14(1 . . . . 4.-.I M..rri« V. Hi<-har.N. 4.-) I..T.U. 21(1 *\* M..rri.«,n. Kx part.-, 42 I,.T. l.'.H . _ . . ■_■ ■ ■ , ,. ; , ,; ,. Morri*<>n-ThompHon lliir.lwar.' Co. v. W .'st Hunk Tra.linf: to.. K i.t .It. ^ :U4, 1!) \v.i..H. 2114 r;;;^ M,.rritt. R.>. 18 Q.H.O. 222 ^ _ ";; M.>rrow V. Ijin.a*liir.- In". ('.>., 2(> 0.\M. li.l ' Morrow V. l^in.'.i^liir." Ins.. 2!t O.K. ■'177 _ ''] Morrow v. Rei.l. .'lO Wis. HI ilorrow V. R.)rke. 3!) l.C.Q.It. .">(10 Morrow V. Tdrn.'V. :i.'> .\la. I'd Morse V. I'hinn.'v. 22 Can. S.l'.U. .'.(1:1 Jlor.se V. rowers, 17 X.ll. 2S(i Mortiin.r v. I5.01, L.lt. 1 Ch. H" Morliiner v. Craifr. .i C.P.D. 21(i --^ M.irlon V, HiTHMrd. Vai(\. i .\. & K. 10 MOS..S V. Walker. 2 Milt. .->:t(i Moslier V. (VUrien. 37 N.S.lt. 2H(i 41 C.I-..1. HS. .1(14 . 43(i. 4.'>(i 8. !»!•.. -.(Il 1!>!». 3(17 . . 411 .114.11.-. .... 327 ... 4(! .... .■>oi .)3S .")», 84. 08. 102, 3(i2, 370. Mo,s V. Swc't. 1(1 (.l.li. 4:13 Mott V. I'aliii.'r. 1 N.Y. .'>(i4 Mountfort, Kx parte. 14 \es Moiintst.'plieii V. lir.K.ke. 1 Cliit Mowat V. Cli'inent. 3 Jlan. I-.l!. (!((( 379 322 31 fi .->37 -.8.-. 280. 28l! 284. 287. 304. 3((ri. 40(i. 424. 447 Mowry V. Mowson V MnyiT V. i Miieliniore Mni'lli'r V. Mul.aliv V Mnleali'v 38 141 ,-)47 First Nat. Hank, ."il Wis . Ulan.'. 10 Kx. 2(»i )avi.lson, 7 C.C.C.r. ■.21. 43 C.I-..T Cam.ron ( lOo.". 1 . 2 W.I-.lt. .V24 >'0- •".^ An-hil.aM. 28 Can. S.C.lt. .■.23 Archilial.l (1807 1. 33 C.I...I. -■. t 73 •'02 288, 418, 422. ."i23 ■ 4 (!() •.uv 387 . Pa.) M.Donalil. 10 \\'«'\ V. Fi-rnKson. •> W.K.I!. 7.... . V. Tlieriault. 1 N.H. K'l- •■'•'*^ V Swift. 18 Conn. 2(18 V. Tavlor. 1 Ir. Ch. 1!. 02 \-. Krskiiie. 100 Mass. .-.07 V. (iilhert. 1 Man. (N'.H. ) 'iI.". V (Jovi-rncir. 2 .loliiis. Cases 438 -. M.Kenzie. 23 (U.l!. 287 V Markeii/ie, l-.l!, 10 C.I'. 02.-. V. W.-iler. 3 A.1..R. 180 Stev.'ns. 1 Call. * K. 38. . .. 70 Mnnifoid v. Whitney. !,■> Wend. Mnnn ' Miiiir.H' Mlllrllit Mniillo Mnrpl.y Mnrray v Mnrray v Mnrray \ .Mnrray ' Mnrray \ Mnrray v Mnsyravi' Mnttyloll Seal v. (fDow.la. (1 M.H.re I'.C. 324 Nash V. Weaver. 23 llitn. ( N.V. 1 .-.13 Vadonal Rank. Kv pane. l". Cli.l). 42 N:;ti..«al Rank v. Ilampson 1 1880,, .-. HAU). 177. 40 U.F.Q.R. 480 ... 12 . . . 274 ... 180 430 .■>. 130 109 . . . . 321 . . . .'.38 . . . . 73 . . . rri 1 . . . . 7r. . . . . 103 . . 148 . . . . 401 . 448 .102,200 CASES CITED. XXXVll Xiilioiiiil Ikiiil. V. Spraguc, *2t» X..r. Kq. l;t Xal.ioii«l llank of Australki v. Morris, [ISIfi] A.C. 2S7 National Itiwik «f Australia v. Inited HhikI. »'tc. (lS7fl) :»91 Xational l»)ink f C-.nnierce v. Morris, 114 Mo. Inry, 1!) L.R.A 4 A.C. 40.1, N'aitional National N'ational National National National :r,i;,.,. \->. Co. Ex parte, 10 Ch.l). 40H 97. Co. V, M; l>,.v:' ; : O.K. (182 rnintilf r.aiik. !.• i«irtc, Ifi Ch.l). 104 .. iilc liimk V. iimpson, 5 Q.B.D. 177 22. r, ;.int» i'.;irk. i ■ parte, 15 Cli.U. 42 _ ■ :si I (. \ Tru*i» ami (iuar;int<"e Co.. 5 D.L.R. 459. H O.W.N. 10U3, 26 O.L.r. 279, 22 O.W.R. 9.3.1 ;19«, 400, 411, 402, 409. Nattrass v. Phair. 1)7 C.C.Q.M. 153, 15H 101, 14!). Navlor V. M.mhIv. 2 Ulaokf. 247 Neal V. Kowr.-t. 'l9 O.W.K. 132, 2 O.W.N. 1107 NVal V. KojtiMs. 19 O.W.R. 873, 2 O.W.N. 1482 109. 113, NeNon. Kx imrte. 35 W.R. 204 NVNon, Ex parte. 35 W.R. 844 N.>r1>. N. Cjis. (N.Y.) 282 Newcastle (SlieritT of). In re. Drap. K.B. Rep. 503 Newell \. Warner. 44 H rb. (N.Y.) 25S 518, Newitt. Ex parte. 10 Ch.l). 522 NewlamN V. llifrjlin-., 1 A.L.R. 18 80. 203. 217. Newman. R. v.. 1 1x1. Rayni. 502 Newman v. Tvniewin. 12 Wis. 498 New York I-ii"e Ins. Co. v. Smith, 2 Harl>. Ch. 82 Niagara liank v. Rosenfelt, 9 Cow. 409 Nieliols V. I.e.>. 10 ilieh. 520 Nieholls V. Wel)ster. 1 Chanil. (Wis.) 203 Nielinlson V. (Doper. 3 II. & N. 384. 27 L..F. Ex. 392 Nieholson v. Karpe. 58 Miss. 34 Nieliolson V. Temple, (as. Di);. ( S.C. ) 114 NielH.l*m v. Temple. 20 N.H.R. 248 35. 320. Nist)et V. C(H'k. 4 A.R. lOnt.) 200 287.418.423.424.435.430.49; Noakes v. Riw. 1 1902] A.C. 24 No.'ll V. IVll (IHOn. 7 r.C.U.T. 322 149, 153, 482, Nolan V. Donnellv, 20 C.U.T. 10 N.ilan V. Donnellv. 4 O.R. 440 70. 151. 477. 480. Nonlenfehit v. MaximNonlenfeI.lt & Co., [1894] A.C. 535 Noidheimer v. Rol>inson. 2 O.A.R. 305 North V. (rowel. 1 1 N.II. 251 North V. Cnnvell. 10 N.U. 151 North liritish Ins. Co. v. M.-ITat, L.R. 7 C.P. 25 North Central v. Maneliester. 35 Ch.ll. 191. 13 A.C. 5.54 North Central Wa^rjion Co. v. Maneliester R. Co.. 35 Ch.l). 191 . 399. North Central W,i}.')fon Co. v. Manchester R. Co.. 13 A.C. 554... 399. Northern Crown Rank v. fireat W(«t. 11 D.I.R. 395 North Western Rank. Ex i>arte. L.R. 15 E«. Omnium Sxuritios lo. v. Canada Kire anil iJLirine Ins. fo., 1 O.K. 494 I'^i O'Xeil V. I'itv, etc., Finance L'o., 17 Q.B.I). 234 O'Neill V. Small, 15 C.I>..I. 114 1«5. Ontario Bank v. Miner (.Man. K.) Tenvp. Wood, 107 2i7, OnUrio Bank v. Wil.ox, 43 T.f.Q.B. 400 •■?92, 442, 445, Ontario & West Liiml>cr Co. v. Cole. 3 Terr. L.R. 457 Orange v. MtKay. 1 Oidriglit, 5 X.S.K. 444 ^ Ord National Bank v. Massoy, 48 Kan. 702, 17 L.R. A. 127 Ory v. .larvjs. 22 O.R. 11, 2S V.hJ. 182 429, Oswalt V. Haves, 42 Iowa 104 Otis V. Sill. H Barb. (N.Y.) 102 3S8, 4i.i, Otley V. .Maiming. 9 East 59 Overton v. Bigelow, 10 Yerg. 48 Owens V. Thomas, 6 U.C.C.P. 383 82 451 168 499 520 161 4.53 406 4 173 108 216 280 446 201 322 105 538 454 109 467 96 514 454 99 74 Paekhard v. Kingman, 1 1 Iowa 219 532 Paget V. Peroliard. 1 Esp. 2t)5 10" Paine v. Benton. 32 Wis. 491 ■♦■♦9 Palomus V. I'rainor. 30 Cal. 685 399 Palmer v. \:ay. 5 Siisk. L.R. 20, 18 W.L.R. OHl 46, 571, 573 Palmtag v. Dontrick. 59 Cal. 154, 43 Am. Hep. 245 16 Panama, Re. etc.. Mail Co.. L.R. 5 Ch. 318 21 Papineau v. Curd. 2 (Jr. 512 5. 6 Parenteau v. Harris, 3 Man. L.R. 329 30.'> Parke, Re. 13 L.R. Ir. 85 165, 414 Parker, Re (Charing Cross Bank). .'.O L..T. Ch. 157 282 Parker v. Morrison. 40 N.IL 280 448 Parker v. Palmer. 14 R.T. 3.-.9 502 Parker v. Staniland. 1 1 East. 302 25 Parker v. Vine (Irowers, 23 fir. 179 143 Parkes v. St. Oeorge, 10 A.R. (Ont.) 496 4fi. 83, 80. 135. 27."i. 278. 320. 428, 429, 440. 4+8 Parks V. Hall. 8 Pick. 200 5, 139 Parnell v. Tavler. 2 L.r. Ch. 19.-) US Parrv v. Ilnncan. 7 Bing. 243 124 Parsiev v. Day. 2 Q.B. 47 >*9 PnT-son v. Brind. 25 Q.B.O. 110 202 Parsons. Ex parte. 10 Q.B.P. 532 12. 232. 399 Patrick v. Meserve. IS V.H. 300 393 Partridge v. Swa/ev. 40 Me. 414 102. 503 Partridge v. While, .-iO Me .■ifl4 79. 80 Patchin V Pierce. 12 W.'iid. ( X.Y. 1 61 533 Patent File Co., Re. 40 L..!, Ch. 190 i)2S \ y CASES CITED. XXXIX 1-ai. ,.,n V. Maughan, 3U C.C'.g.H. 371 1. "'. i*i< ■•^•>. ■»" I'tttdii V. Browne, 19 U.C.Q.B. 337 '» I'atlea v. Moore, 32 N.H. 382 j]',^' 1" I'atteraon v. Gillis, 04 Barb. (N'A.) M3 '-' - ^f^ Patterson v. King:- •>"- 571 Patterson v. Taylor, 15 Fla. 3:i« ^. ■;_ "» Patton V. Foy, 9 U.C.C.P. 512 1.'!'. ■«'«• J<^1 Pavne, Ex parte, 11 Cli.D. o3!t ,u' ,ni PaVne v. Fern. « Q.B.D. 020 >"•• 1»>1 Pavne v. Rogers, Uoug. 4U7 "•".^ Peacock v. uMonk, 1 Ves. 131 *- Pearce v. Brooks, L.R., 1 Kx. 213 ^' Pearson, He. Kx jmrte Stephens, 3 fli.l). 8(17 •'» IVatc V. UUkon. 1 CM. & R. 422 40 Peele, Kx parte, Ves. 601 ••' ' Pegs V. Independent Order of Fo. sters, 1 ().I..U. iti 1-S IVliMiuin V. Bil. P.f.N.S. 272 104 Pennook v. MeCornuuk. 120 Ma.s.s. 17.> * Penwarden v. Roberts, 9 Q.B.l). 137 ''40 People's Hank of Halifax v. .Tolinson. 20 f«n. S.C.R. .)41 51 People's I^an Co. v. Grant. 18 Can. S.C.R. 202, 17 A.U. 8.-. 190 Perls V. Saalfeld, [1892] 2 Cb. 149 -'l P.'rrin v. Davis, 9 U.C.C.P. 147 '»o» Perrin v. Wood (1874). 21 Gr. 492 150 Perrv V. Craig. 3 Mo. 516 1*' Perrv v. Meddowcroft. 4 Beav. 197 140 PerrV v. Riittan. 10 U.C.Q.B. 037 1''4. 2.-.2. 422 Pet96 8« Petro|x>lous v. '.Villiams Co. (Xo. 2), 3 X.B. Eq. 340, 42 C.L..r. 69i 322 Petropoloiis v. Williams Co.. 3 X.B. Eq. •2117 324 Pettilxme v. Griswold. 4 Conn. 158 449 Pettilmne v. Perkins. 6 Wis. 010 > ' •"* Pettigrew v. Tliomas. 12 A.R. (Ont.) 577 390. .394 Pettis V. Kellog. 7 Cusb. 450 482 IVwtress v. Annan. 9 Dowl. 828 414 Pbares v. Barlwur. 49 111. 370 118 Phillips V. (ilaggett. 11 M. & W. 84 537 Philtpotts V. Pbillpotts, 10 C.li. 85. 20 L.,T.C.P. 11 453. .501 Phinnev v. Morse. 25 X.S.R. .507 199 Piikiird V. Bonnar, Peake. 289 51 Pickiird V. Bretz, 5 H. & K. 9 521 Piekard v. Ix>w. 15 Afe. 48 98. 102 Pickering v. llfraconilve R. Co., L.R. 3 C.P. 250 400 Piercv v. ITiimphrevs. 17 L.T. 403 83 Pike v. Calvin. 67 111. 27. 227 97, 1.3fl Pineo v. Gavaza. 20 X.S.R. 249 3ii5 Pingrv v. Ashbnrn. 1 Aik. (Vt.) 264. 15 Am. Dee. 670 .50 Piiilie'v V. ■Mercantile Fire Ins. Co.. 2 O.L.R. 396 169 Pitkin V. Fletcher. 47 Iowa .53 127 Pitt V. Cholmondel V. 2 Ves. .564 1 70 Pitia V. Camplw-n. 9 F,.T..R. 469 365 P.xwk V. Xovitz. 4 D.L.R. 105. 21 W.L.R. 418 13 v« xl BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTdAOES. ^ H'l nil. Ill', l:!(i. it:!-"'. '•"••"' 133. 134. 3ftS. ,ii3 -140 l«„lak V. Kv.Mott. 1 y.n.l). tili'J "9 I'Dlfimir* V. Tniiiior. 30 Can. ««') _ ^^^ ^.,^ 49., I'ollard V. Hiintinfr
  • ii, Itl t L-I. KW ^'^j ^,^ I'olUx'k V. Finlier. 1 All. I! SAUi- -iL) ' 4,^., I'ol-ion V. Dfuwr. 12 4>.K. -i5 .>() I'oniler V. niu'ii. 3J Aik. 43r)_ . . ._. ^^j^, .,., I'opplfwcll. !:x imrte. 21 Cli.p. <.t. Hll ^.,, I'ortiT V. Dfiiifiit. 3.') 111. 47^ I'ort.T V. Vlintoir. (I r.ClM'. ■»'^- :""* I'ortor V. rarinl.'.v. .V2 X.Y. IS.i . l',.it.T V. SmiM.. Ill Vt. 4<»-2 .._ V,.ttor V. froniwfU. 40 N'-\- ,-,*!', , ;„. 1H4. 1H5 l'ott..r. R. V. ( IHliO). 10 V.Cr.V. 30 „ I'ott. V. N'. J. Arnw C.).. 2 Cr.-on ( V. . I 3. -k . ■ • . l'.nv..ll V. lla>,k ..f llMXT l'^>"'>'""' ' 1 l.t .( .1'. ■!<».! H'*- ^'-;, '.., I'owcll V. CaMor. S (I.R. r)n.)-.)ll „„ P.mHl V. .I.'^M.p. IH (Ml. :!:«') 17.) I'dwcr V. Tloiriiiin. 31 Micli._2L"> • ' p^- Powcr V. Miiiifii. ."i D.L.U. .'>77 ' ^-r, I'.nvcri V. Uiiltan. 4 O.S. .'iS ,|,, r.>wlcs V. liiiKM. U M. & W. JO jj„, rialt V. Tfarlow. 1(1 livay 370 ,,., 5,4 Vritt V. Mavnanl. llii Ma-". •W'^ 'jD i:;:;:u^:,,:::u';:i^^j:;::u^a:^^'^H^\:o.w:u.2i^ Pn-ntiw V. (■(iiHdli.lat.Ml Hank. 13 O.X.K. 00 Prinr V. Wliitc. 12 111. 201 Tritclianl v, M.'ivliant-. 20 N.H.K. 232 l»nir.T V. livlaii.l. Ill O.T-.H. ^' PiiMi V. I..'«N (Piik.'l. 2 Cinvp. ,20 I'lilcs V. S,,i».r. 4 O.W.X. 1.-..-.0 I'minctt. K\ l>arti'. 10 (III). 220 Pnnlv V. C.lt..... 1 S.I..1!. 2HX I'ni-iiall V. Kj;).'art. -■.2 UarO. :ii., ■ I'lirvc" V. \Ii.llz. .'> I!olHTt-oii I ^.^ . 1 •'••■t Putnam v. Ciwliiii'.'. HI C-ray iMa*i.) 334 , .10. 41), (.liK'U'i- liank V. Ciai); D.L.U. .-.73. 3 O.W.X. 103.-. . Onirk V. Tl...iMs„n. 1 X.W.T.H. -n, OS.. Pan.lall v Hiker. 20 NMl. 33.". .._ Hanil V. Vaiitiliaii, 1 Hin;:. X C 707.. .-,70 .-.37 Ml.-. 420 117 44 171 42i> 124 CASES CITED. .• Uat.liir.. V. Davi,, I UuM. 2!) Velv 17.) Uu« ing, V. IVwl Coiisuniors- A.-sodati,,,, ' (' Is-J 1 ^i-, 1 . w ' ' KuwI.ng,, Ex part<-. IS y.lt |J 4S!) '' ■••' '^••'••^'•< • "1... 51 Kea.l V. .Ii'ttett. Ti Me. jiu 109 l!.'a,l V. McUiiHlmn. 47 X.V. Slip. v't. •.7,-, T, t,t. .-) M. 4- |> -,v) '" • -M'l'- «- ,-,0 l(.Tves V. |!arl,„v, 12 Q.H.J), 4;|,i ■ ■ - 18 {i-evw V. Capper. ,-, Hi„^. \ (• ].„, --• I.>''. :t.-)7, 4(V2 !c<-v<-H V. Kii..|. 4 Si»k. L.H. Ills '^' "•■'• ^^1 Uwvp V. Wli it 111,11c. 4 IMS. .1. & s I ^*- >^- l!"M'vi' V. Whitiiiori', ;):i 1, ,J (i, ,j)' IS.") !!>•;.'• V. .* '»r, ' »r. 47;} l!'% V. l>„tt..r { ISIJII 1.10 ('• (■• ("'i'. .,,, -'V.', 424 h<'g. V. Shaw (IS!),-)). ;ii \S |{ 'i'U '**'• '^■"' 1!. .iV C L.r ■ -'74 , . -■■'" lic'id V. M"\ ^. Newman, I T^l. R,,v,„. .-.n-, (10 ;''■•■"" '^ '• -^-^I'l'V. f l!)l)4) .\.C. „|,i 40.1 I. '.vmd.ls V. Williani.on. 2,^ V C (• • f) -'!1 1 ;<-har,N v. .Inn,..., Ult. 2 ^.H -'sV "'^ !(■<■ 1 ir, s V, I.iv..rpo,d * l„,nd„„ I,„. ,•„ .,- ,• C n I! I'n, *** R ,■ uinNon v. .Al,«.„a. 40 Mi,.„. 2n,V. S (Vm,- ,1 T I on-' '" Ri.' i:irds„n V, .\ntlmnv, 12 Vt 07., ^ ""'"' ''•'• -»' 471 l.ii' iar,I*,.n v. Harris. 22 () It |) ■>,)s II!) II' lardson v. ll„ni,., 21 C,C C P 'o,u -'•"'»• Sr.l ; !'■ ""■'I-"'" V, Ranncv, 2 V C (^' p" 4111. ItiS I>.-l.aidM,n V, S,.o,s Pl,„r cv>„,H,. 59 y,,, ,00 ' ""^^ 50 I II' I f liiJR Xlii BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOES. Uiilinioiiil V. Kvaiw, 8 t-r. .>!« ■ 449 Kiikfttoii V. Kiolvardxon, lit lal. •>•»•> . : ■ ■ ; 94 Ui.ler V. l'mv.-ll, 4 Abb. (N.Y.) App. DniMoiH tl.l ^^ j_,|, Rimnicr v. WebsU-r, [1902] 1 fb. lt..« j^,,^ 442 Kisk V. SU'iMiiaii, 2 1 Cir. 250 . . 254 Kitlirt V. Heaven, '. H.C.R. f3"_.. ..; ;|,4 „„i ■>m) 410 River SUve O.. v. Sill. 12 "K- •'•''• ;''" ' '' '. .. . 13:i Roa»ug. 1«S . os RobUins V. IVirker. .'t Met. 1 1 1 05 RulKTts V. Fleniinjr. 53 111. l.W _ • • 237 RoUTts, Re, Kvans v. K<>t«;rt-s. 3« I b.l). IIM, ^.^ j.. j.^. Roberts v. Uol)ert-<, i:» y.B.l). in4 7,2 Rolx-rts v. WiKsins, 1 ^'•"■, ,' 'n „ .JiT ■♦» Rol)ert9on V. llroa.lfoot, 11 l'-' Q-'.'- ^"' .167 R(>l>erl*m V. Hamilton. 14 K^ist .>-.•■• „j, RolH.rtson v. Quidinjiton. 2S Itaiy. ,...» 4.,., ;{olH.rt«.n v. Stark, 15 N-H- 1 » :,.is. 4(il K.tH.rtson v. Thomas, 8 <).L.R. 2t> • ■ ■ ■ •. ,• 27 1 Rol -rtson v. Wronn (18!)5). 10 Man. L.U. .1.8 .,,,-, Ro'.ins V. Clark. 45 l■•l■•(^lV. ^''■' ,; V I K^" 1 ''■••'•••■' ' ""' Ro.inson v. Rrifiss. UR. .1 Kx. 1, 40 1-..I. Lv ^.^ .^^ ^^, ^„i U, .,ins.in V. took, (i DR. ■'!«> ■ _• ;i4, llio. 237 .;'"■ l':^:. f ;,.,, 40. 44!) Uo"ers V. CartoH. 30 O.K. 32S. 3.^ ( .1-1. ..!■> ,„ liom.rs V. Kin;.'. -iO Harb. X.Y. 40.. . ■_■ ,„ 401 RoSers IxH-omotive Works v. Uwis. 4 Dill, l.>^ ...^ „;, Rneers v. Marshall. 7 O.L.R. 291 2.S2 Rollers. Re, 42 I..T. SOH ' ; 2S2 RoL'.-rs. Re. If. Cli.n. 2(iO 573 Rol,.h. Kx parte. 10 Ch.n. OS _. ■ ■ ^-^ ■ .■ •■■••;•;; lto,!..r V. Scott, 10 Man. L.R. ^>04. "''.'.: ['J .,^, 0^2 2OS. 50S. 510 Roper' v:s»» V. Laird, Cassels' S.C. Dig .jjl Koss V. Norvell, 1 Wash. 14 59 K«« V. Pearson, 1 VV.L.K. 338 5 Hoss V. Koss, 21 Ala. 322 . . '99 Ross V. Simpson, 23 Gr. ',:,■> 7 K«ss V. Wright. 3 Terr. I,.H. ;),i7 I3i2 Roundhead Oolliery Co., Re, ( mn] 1 Ch 173 -"*' Koy V. (Join^-. 9« III. .m ' J ' ^ "• •<- •* 24;, Royal Canadian Bank v. Cummer; ' l.i (Vr ti>7 *"' ^ -ylance v. IJghtfoot, 8 JI 4 w -,-) '•"' RugK V. I^wis, 17 Que. S C "(Hi ' '*» Ritsden V. Pope, I..R. 3 tx "(ID •'" Russel V. Hai imond, 1 Afk 15 ■'•">•'> Rusael V. RuMel, 1 Hro. c C '«!) ^''•' Rusnell, E.X iwrte. 10 Ch.l). ',588 « Russe V. Ilutterfleld, 21 Wen.l. ( V y . -,00 -^'^ Ruwoll V. Ufranooi*. 8 Can SCI' 'li^ '"I Rusnell V. .\e,l,if, ., Terr Mi 4 •,7 ' ''^^ :S Russell V. Wimel. .17 N' Y 591 27 RutledKe V. Jfol^an. 12 V C O li om *"-' Ruttan V. R«-an.ish. in C.C C P 90 " "H-* Rutter V. Daniel. 30 W R 801 89, 101 Rutter V. Daniel. 40 T..T. (184 1(11 Rvall V. Ronle,, 1 V>,. Sen. 349 1 4tk 171 '«> Rvan V. Shield,, (Q.B.D., (Ont) 'l4^'„irr^rted' ;. 1 1 •.•..;;■,:• ' f,l Sadler. Re, 1» Ch. D. 80 Saffercy, Ex parte ( 1881 ) , 10 Ch.D 670 „ '« Snpe V. Browning, 51 III 217 83,. 162, 392. 414 Sage V. Wiloov. Conn. 84 «0 Sa,n«bury v Alatthew,. 4 At. 4 w. 343 ■"> S . Charles & O,. v. Va*»«llo. 45 N.S R lOj 24 St. John V. Bulliv.int. 45 IT.C.Q.B. 014 ' ' 51 St. I*'"" nrug Co. V. Robinson 10 Mo Ann 588 '•'"• •''"8 Saint V. Pilley. L.R. ,n Kv. 1,37 ' ^^^- ^^^ 97 Saabes v Ca,,telberg, 98 Md. 04.5,04 LR V'scio "" Sat V. Northampton. [18921 AC V""-^- ^'O" 148 Salterio v. City of I^ndon F. Co , 2.3 Can S C R ' ic '•' Sa,,kat<.bewan Lumber (^o. v. M chaud l' S I R dio"""' ^^- '«! Saulter v. Carruthers, 9 X'.CLJ ""s 44. 4.5, ,-,74 Saunders v. Rus.sell, 9 B.C R .-joi SiO Saumlers v. Wiite, [1902] Vk B 70 '^ Savard v. Tremblay. 30 Que s'c 4'3 ''^'> Savaria v. Papnette. 20 Que S C 314" 8. 84 Sawyer v. Fisher. 32 Me. 28 . ' " 80 Sawyer & Massey v. Boyee, 1 SLR ■'ifi " ' ' "• -■"' 104, 200, 225 I xliv HII,I.S OF SALE ANn CHATTEL MORTOAOES. .Sawvcr-MiiHrnv C... v. Szlttcliet.ik.i. 4 D.L.ll. 442 ,,„.., JA Sayrf v. Hew.--. Wi X.J. K.|. tl.V> •».^«- ■»>7. ^^O S<-»rtli V Ontari.. I'nwrr ( o.. 24 O.K. 4411 *'»» S.^>ble V. H.MW.I1, 12 VX'.C.V. (ir. ♦-]•« S<.„t.....n V. I'.'W. tl 11. & N'. 2!t.-) *' Kcott V. Xesbitt, 2 Cox 18:» '.'" S,<.,v..ll V. IJoxall. 1 Y, & J. ;ilttl -f Sorit.m-r v. Kii,l.K.k, 12 A.K. (Ont.) :»07 _ _ -„ ^. ^»J Seal V. CI«ri.lK.-. 7 Q.B.l). 51.1 2H.-., 2M7, :tS7. 41... 4.,.l.r.40.. 2» Seanu'ii V. Kan.T, HI Ohio 2n!) ;•'" Sratli V. MmM-e. U A.C. S.V) •:"" Swcir V. (irav, 3 O.I..K. lU '7' S,.,m1 v. llraillpv. I ll^lUI 1 Wis. iit2 ' Sluidwell V, Shadwell, !• C.H. !•'>!• j„^ Sliaf.T V. Sloan. M Call. Ap).. :!:!.. ,„ Shai.ar.l v. Ilvne-. 11.4 Fe.!. Uep. 44!l. ..2 I..U.A. '"•• Sharp V. MeUenry. m Ch. I). 42S ■ Sharpe V. llir.li. H g.lVD. Ill _ ^,, Slia\i);hneHscv v. l>ewis. l:t.) Mas... :).).) ^^J^ Shaw V. Canlt. lH r.C.C.P, 2;tn ,^^ Shaw, U V. ( inn.-.), .'U N.S.K. .VU jj ^1,. Shaw V. Wilt-hire, .1.^. Me. 4S.. ^^ Shearer v. Itehson. 1 Allen 4H.J - ' Shears V. .la.ol,. I.,R. 1 CMV '''^'-v ' :„. r-i i . is ' ■'WO She.liae ri.mt Co. v, llnehanan ( ISJ.S), :i!. ( .I-.-l. IIH -"^^ Sh.'lVield V. Harrison. 1.'. t^.B.O :t.>S ^j^" Shepanl v. Sliej.ar.l. tl <<'nn. :!. ■ _ , ,g Shepherd v. Karles. 1.1 linn. |N.\.I .'■"l ^.,,, Sheraton v. Whelpley. 20 N.H.I!. 77 ;,;,:, Sheritr V. MeKeei. 2:) N.H.R. "j^ „,,:,,., 414. .ils Sheriir of Neweastle. Ue. l)r«p. K.H. Hep. ...U lU Shin.niin v. ISellew. Ir. R. 1 ''''I- ';^"„„ I,i0 Shipwright V. ClementH. 1!> \\_.K. •>!•!» 4,, Shirhvn v. Albany Cro. Khz. .ii 3.,^, Sh rretr v. Vve. 24 N.R.R. ''72 ,-4 Shorey v. .lones. 2.> N.S.R :t;H ^.^ ^ _^ ,S4 Shorev V. .lones (1SSH(. L. Ian. S.( .K. .iOS Short' V. Rot. an. 12 r.^.Q-HJ" ,.. -'' k^ Sh(.rtell V. Sullivan. 21 N.S.R -....^^ 4.,, Showe-an Hank v. Karron. 4.. M.-. -.!. , ' 1, . v , V>1 .in ' •'■O Shrew^bnrv (Karl, v. North StalTord-hne l!y.. I..R. I K.|. ...'1. .^ Shntter's Ca-e. 12 Coke's Rep. !»ll ^^., Siblev V. llit-r-. ••"> y"V.„'''' V v\ ..,- • «« Silsbniy v. MeC 4... ^^ Sininu.iis v. .lenkina. 7.1 III. J-f 499 Simmons v. Swift, .'. T?. & C H.x . ^ _ -., Sim..nean v. llebert. IS Rev. de .''.r. 3.,.1 ^., Simons v. I'iere*'. It) Ohio S. -l.i t CASES CITED. ^j^ Simpnon V. Howdrn (fx)r«m V. W.xhI, 21 L.J. ( Kx \ i.5;t ^^ Sims V. Tliomai. 12 A. 4 K. y.tn • Sims V. Trolli)|.«., [18II4| 1 g II >4 70 .Sinclair v. Prcnton, :n Can. XX'.H jns -••- Sinclair v. Hulwon, It) r (' Q H •> 1 ] '*"' Singer Sewing Maclmi.- (V,.' v. Mr^.^l. 20 X^S.R. .ui, rpvicH,.,! '"^ Si'.Kon V. Hil.hanl.':-^ \.V. r,i'> ''-"' '^'''- ■'""■ •'"• ■"'> Skiir V. S<)lac<«. 2;i Vt. 27!» '^^ SladiU-n v. Scrncnnt, I F 4 K )■>•> "'' Sla.lc V. lUg^. ,t llaro ;t.-. '. . ' ' " ' ''"■ ^-- Slatcr V. Oliver. 7 O.K. \r,H. 20 C [, ,| i;-) '■'3 Slalor V. Itniily. I4 Ir. (M.. K\. (!I ','•' Sloan V. Alanniian. .'1 .\.U (Ont ) ">•' '' Sni til V. Il<.ns.in, 1 Mill ( N.V.) 170 ;•" Siiiilh V. Itromlcy. 2 Diiiiir, (iitii. Oil Knu R.i. 441 .L , Smill, V. H„t,l„.r. 1(1 CI, 1). li.t ' '■'* Smitli V. Conlliacli, 21 Wii. 427 '■*'' Sniitli V. ColMinrfi. :\ }'.]{ H.l " '^ Smith V. Fair. 1 1 .\.I{. 7(1;) '•'- Smith V. Ilarri-ion. :) .fur. ';h7 Sii. »0 Smith V. Ins. Cd., 17 l',.„„ st "...T "■* Smith V. .Icnks. 1 l),.„i„ vy '.-.hm '"'• Smilli V. .MacKav. 3 Terr L.H In" -•' Smith V. Mcl^.an". 21 Can. S.C.li. x{r, 2S C 1 I ,\'n "*■'■ ""^ Smith V. McUan. .>4 [..wa .122 '"''• "'' Smith V. Alinpav. 1 if. * s »•' '■'■''■ '*'^ Smith V. .Moor.'." 1 1 X.H, .-).•> " '"" Smith V. I'ilfrrim. 2 Cli 1) 1'7 •'*"*'* ^t-:^ni:J'^;7^:^;--: ''"■ ^^ ^^'■•■'•^"^- >""•"••«. .42 : : : : "'i;;; Smith V. Siirman. !l H. 4 c. mh "7 Smilli V. Wa^'piiicr. ."lO Wis i,-,,-, -■• Smith V. ^\■hit.■nIan. f l!Mi!)| 2 K 11 4.17 ' -"•''"" Snarr v. Smith. 4.". CCO It l.-.ii ' m p r t — .• -'"'" Snoll V. llci«|,ton, 1 c i F nV -"'• ■""* •'"■'• ^■"' Sm.w y WoUclcy Milling (V,.. 7 Terr. I.R; l-'l •'"• '■^'■'^f. S,,nt 1 -tralian l.w. Co. y. K„n.|,.||. I,.R. :, ,..r. loi , , '-! SoUTi;. "ii'ik V. Kciltv. 1(! O.WR :•) '■'•'•' Sovereign Ins. Co. v. I'ri.Ts. 12 Can ' s (■ R •',•, '•'7 Sl-ain V. McKay. 44 \ .s R 74 ' "■ '•' K!" S|iaMin>i V. Kwinj;. 14!) I>a .17,-, I-'' •Sparkp, R,.. I..R. 7 Hi '0 •'>" Spaul.iinfr V. Karnes. 4 (Jrav ( Ma,«: ) ' .1.10 ■*-'' SpaiiMinfr V. :\Iozi,.r, .i7 ii|- i]s "" Kp,v>ncr y. Sandilands I y' & C 100 ■*""• ■"*' S|-tton y. (;i||«r,l. is o.\V.R. .-,lii, ^7 cj 1 on "^ Springer v, Cravclcy, .14 CI T 11", 1 T i 1, , ,; .'>4. 4.10 •'*",<» '^•^- "* Stanley y. (;,yl.,r,l, , ^.y,,, , y^^/^ .3,. ."..15 Xlvi WUS or «AI,E AND fllATTKI. MORTOAOES. 249 Stale V. I,amii. » >*■!>• ■•1'* ,' ' u ■ /■ . 7 I> UH \\X, ■♦tl t'lin. sl.l...r l.illM.>:r,.,,lH.- C... v. Ontario See,! ( "., 7 D.KK- ,n.4:,„.4«7 S C.K. 540 3H8 Si,...le V. Il.-iiliaiii. »« N-\. H:14 45:1 Hl.inlle il V. National Shirt W.u-t Co., !>!. N.\ . App. ». -« .^^, ^^^^ ^,j Strinhoir V. M.Ka.-. '» <'«• ''^"' *'''* Slepl'onti V. M.Artlu.r. lit t a». ^ * «• ■"" ^^ .,^_ c^, ,u, ■.(U. 21(1. 'iSI, ^25 N...pl.pim v' iviMV, iitl I'-wa ^;\' .,,. .,......"."■■' "• '" S... .l.«-»«"' V. Ki.'.'. 24 U.C.t.r. -^t- 420. M3 tiU-M-m. K.'. I-H. 21) K.|. '«•!. . • 2t».30.45 S„.v,..m V. UuffaU. R. »>.. 31 Hart. N.\ . ..!»(• 40 Stevn.. Ex parte. I..K. ^,'> V/'olf ^^'-^^^ Stev,-..«.n V. I!i.«. 24 U t .C-l'. ^^5 ,0.. Sfvvart V. t«>«an, 4(» I .CQ.H. _14tl 103 St.'«art V. K.T>.ni»«n. :» *'•"; ','- ,.,., 551, .V»7 St-wart V. »«lt. 2 I'.K.I, 4.12 5.5 St.«art V. Morton, 2 Cr. 45 .;,,„,.., 323 St-wart V. Muirhoa.! ( ISOO) ^» ,V»; .■ -"' 240 St.wart V. Wil-on ( lH»t ) .3 R( U 3 .!. _ . _ yyj «. l.ard V. IVniHon, 4« How. (N.N.) • r. -•» . , . . 2.V2 Stols..-. V. S,H.n. er. [ 10IM)1 2 Q.l|. 4^3 . ._ ,«„ Ston... K. V (No. 2). 17 Can. ( r. ai. 3. , „„,4,,, S,o,„.l.r.M.k.T V. Korr, 40 Iml ISO 3S« Stovol.l V. Iliiiilif-. 14 Kast •«>« 03 Strachan v. liarton. U ^■''- ^^V, , . .. , ., 527 Strana M.imo Hall Co., Ro. 3 \M. .1. i S. U7 443 kJran^e v. Dillon 22 U.C.Q.R. '223 ^ ,„• , ^ .vA-. 4^, 174 StronK v. Crown t.ro Ins. Co- 1 "^I l^ >"4. ., O.W.N. 1534 1'^, Strong V. Crown Fire In*. ( o.. 4 ii.i,.i\. .- m Stmr? V. Rank of MonlreaK 41 Can. SX .R. -1« 77 Stuart V. Taylor, 7 llow. ( V\> P'- 25» 72 Stur-nMin V. Starr. 17 W.L.R. 402 20 St,.»;.i V. Brown. 5 B.C.R 380 . . ^ 47 Snirani v. Brinkworth, 4 Camp. 40 532 Sumner v. Bae.heldor. 30 Me. 3,i 425. 448 Sumner v. Dalton, 58 N-"- 2!?-' . , Vp „ ,sO "2, 05 Sun Life As,uranKS I'lTKIi. x'vii 104 , as TiKlrimn v. l)'K|,in s.r,.|{. i,-,9' Tiiilliv V. Ollliiul l|,.,viv,.'r (ISHN) rallmnn v, .Innps. I.) Katw 4.tH Tarimihill v. TiHtlc, :i Mi.t, Taiincr v. S.„vell, U M, A \\ Taut V. Ilaru'v. r,:> lowu r2\ Taptl.'lcl V. Ililliiu,,,, II s.„tt <'l'. .Ill [l/ipic'.v V. lliitt.Tll..|,|, 1 M,.t. ,M„ liipli'.v V, Muikr i K.I-.IJ. .-,.-,.-, Tatliam v. Amlrw, 1 M„„r(. |M" :wtl 1a\liir V. Aiii-li.-, Iji r.{('|> -^ . ItlakcliMk, .Ti i'h. 1).' .-,(1(1 . CIli.h.Mlrr. ctr.. I!. Co., I, n . ( lii.li..st..r. «.t,„ 1!. Co,, III . ll<-l«c«oii, ;i Sa-.k. I„|!. 4(!l . ■loliiislnii, H) cli, I) 41,., • .I'liK'... > Atli. (KMI. MiKciiid. -) C.IM). .'l.-iS Whitlcniiin', 1(1 I'.C.Q.U Hewitt. I Ohio St. .-)1I 7.-.S 22. 1.-).-., ii. i.">7.4ii, 102, N.l{. !MI7. (I Man. A (Jr. 24."), ) r)l.i 174 871 4!)|) Its I'M 4H2 i...r. i.-.ii. Ta,vlor V T8,vlor V Ta,vlor V Taylor v Ta.vlor V Ta,vlor V Ta.vlor V. Ta,vlor V, T.'air V. » MI,, tijs Wit. 117. . 17.1 7il 17(1 I-', 1», .•1S4 4J.-,.4.-.l . 4(1(1 440 !»7 Co., .1 I).I,.K. •lo ."id 7!t . . 7.1 4. -.4 !l(l. 1(1-2 412 . 4IW ll!| 7(1. 77 Tial v. .\iity, » .1,11. .M.H.rc r,t> ■• || j T.>l.l. V. Ilalcl: T.-I,l, v. Ilol.la.fiii'; Uro- r..<.t,r V. .St. .loliM. Ill (Jr. K.-, Tcmp.'Ht V. Kilnor. 3 r.H. 240 '"•'• "*** T..|.i|.l.. V. Nicholson, Cans.' |)it-, (i!ii,l ' al) 114 . -" Tl.a.v,.r V. .Stark, fl Csh. (mL.) 11 .';*.'" '■■• •?• ?«« rhovmt V. IVinoe, 1 RItn. Sol. (•«,, -iifl » ^i riiihaiiclcaii V. Paul, 2(1 () I{ :)S.-) •'>"' Thi.n V. Bank of B,\ a 4 I) I R ma . * r i. „., 411.4(12 "..>..i.. .f i;.i,.K ,(««, 4 A.uU. 22S, 21 W.I, |{ Rn (18741, 21 r.r i,» .•.■.■.-•_•■**'• "7. 21.1 Thirkoll, Ro (18741, 21 (5r4«f>' ,-„ -■■ Thomas V. Cann-ron. 8 OR 441 ' ''»».•«'•-'. 4,. 1. 47(1. 4S.-,, 4S(I Thomas v. Cotton, 12 TCQIl 'i4S '-•^ Thomas V. Desan^*. 2 H. & m 5s,i •"'27 1 homas V. Kdlv. IS A <■ ."lOij ■*!■♦ Thomas v. Roherts, I Q ]{ i;;-; ' ■'•'>. •'"'7, 3,57. .167 Thomas ( A. K. I v. Stan,iar(l llank. i o'\V V -7n -ixa 01 '.n •,;: ' '"•'' Thomas Bank v. Warron. 04 Wis ]r>l '"• ^^ 2'. «• li?.!, 432, 5,19 Thompson v. Ronnott. 22 T C C P ,ln3 Thompson v. BorRlan.l. .1 S.I, R ' 47ri ' Thompson V. Blanohard. 4 ( \ Y ') 303 Thompson v. Oohon, T,.R. 7 Q h 5>'7 ' Thompson v. VanVivhten. 27 NY "568 Tiomjmon v. \Valsh. 2 AM., 7*\.n.R. 3fi0 ' Thompson V. \\ elmWr, 4 Drew. 028, 4 I)en Thomson V. Play fair, n n'.L.R. 2fl3.' 2« O.L.R n'>4 ■*-• *"• Thom.wn V. Quirk, 1 S.C. Cas. 4.10. 18 Can * .). 514 flOO. 7 .iiir. N-.S.il.L, 1(11 . 444 i.m 11.04 I. -.5 .515 4(15 Thomson V. Qnirk, 1 Terr. UR. 150. 1% Thomson's Estate, Ro. IL-rrin? v Iliomson V. Thomson, 7 Ves 470 Thomson v. Walsh. 2 All ,189 Thomett v. Haines. 15 M.'i W 367 Thornton v. Cochran, 51 Ala. 415 ,^, , S.CM. 095 151. 1,52. 207. 208. 209, 217. 47C, 517. 405 26 W.T.R. 88 le,' pT, Barrow, 14 Ch. D. 203 '14.5 50 321 115 hi xlviii nilAM or MAI.K AND CIIATTRI. MOi(T0A(l»y. II [KM I I I ( li. ixi t'.l...i, i.v^ Ml. i'H. 4JII. 411. IWt, ri Tliro.Mll V. Mur.li. Xi l-.T Thvmn', Hi'., TliviiiK' v. !> Tillman v. DrlHiV. xii Ahi. Hi:l TiimIiiII v. \Vii~.i;i. 7» liiil. »!»."• TinnU'V V. Shrtri"'. :l \V.l..lt. I">!i TomliM'oii \. I'oii-oliiliili'.l friMlit ( or . L'l t^HD. 1:1'' Toinlin-on V. Morri-.. 12 o.lt, :ill Took.- Mro-. V. llro.k. 11 K.l,.lt. -'71 Touliaiii. K\ iiiirl"'. I.li. « i'li "U "HI Toronto Itv. Co. v. Top.nto i* To«ii v. (.rillilli. 17 N'.ll lii."> TowMM-ncI Hr HI g.H.I). .-.Mi Town«i'n.l V. Vorllii-rn ( r.-wn Hank. I II.I-.I!. HI. -T, n.|,.lt I'lll Tow n.«lii-n> A.C. .If-' Trn^l anil (iiiarantw Co. of Cana.la v. \U\mtt. 11 <>,l-.l!. 4ii:l Tnirtt 4 I/>an v. Cntlilxrt. 1:1 Cr. 4li Tru«t ami I.<>an Co. v. Ilri'iinan, 111 r.C.C.IV :IJI Triixt & Umn v. l.awniH.m, li .\.lt. lOm.i iHii Trii-it & I^>an v. liuwra^m. in Can. S.C.H. H7!l Trii't & l-oaii V. l.awra I^H. :!liii Tiinirr V. Mill«. 11 C.<'.C.I'. ;«ilii Tiirpin v. Cunnin).'l.ain. IJ7 N.( . :>>»*. :>\ \.M..V Sim ■|»,vnni-'« Cane. :l Cok.- HI (li) TwMiii'-. ( a-<'. I Sni. I..C. .1 T«l-il.ll.' V. Atkin-on. I It. \ S. :i!i:l Tva-i V. MiMa-^lir, S C.C.C.r. 44ii Tyler V. Strun;;. il Harli. l!ls T\ -on V. .\lHTiToinliii', 11! I I.li. !IS Ii«. 74 444 MH 4.^7 437 »l U 27 470 l'2,l I. ',■5 Mri 324 tW IHII . .■i7.-> ii:t, H-> 71 4411 MH -iM Ml ■i.\: 411.) n.1 iim ;U!t .•>7!» Hl» ... "ill'i 17" IJ.-. Ii-> i.':> •.'711. •.'7I.i72 41.-I U7 t:!M 4111) .•>4 .-.i:i i.-.:t 4ri."i 4111 ti IDII 4.".: Inion Uaiik v. Ciatf. :» D.T-H. "Sil Cnion Itaiik of Canaila v. Millii;rli. In II.I..1!. .■■ili Inion liaiik of Canada v. Milhi>.'li. 4t (an. S.C.I!. I'nion llank of l^mdon v. Lfvanton. :t ('.I'D. JCl rniv.-r->al Skirt Co. v. (Jonnlcy. 17 nl-.l!. lU frii^rnav naiKvav. Ke. 11 tli D. :I7-' roller V. Mclirain.y. ;t Di/l (C.S.) ;1S.-, I'tlrv V. Sniitli. 24 Conn, il!' 17:! in. iii.il-'. so, :!!I7. l-'ii Hi. 11 1 lit. ' '1 i:!7 'IS I'M. i'.>.'< 4««" Valentine v. Sniitli. !t CCCl'. oil V:,„ >M.,r. 1!. V 11 Ca!! Cr. Ca-. 2i'7 1*41, CASKS CITED. Xmuidillc V. .Snitt Villi \..,l»riil«r« I. ., Vail \MiiJit ». Siiiitli llu r,,Mkr. Ih'll, I .\ I..K. 4ciJ VV>'t.rii ( rtiiaila ||,,,„|, Mh" I..I!. I.'l . IW Me. Ui -'-' N.II.H. 7(1 ' "• » N|ll.'llliT, .Imi'. I I7<>l ;, L' K.lfri Mil I IH7!i,, \\..\. |:,_. •!' I..I IMI. 7i.;. :l.' ( I" I-. I'. 77 \ iirni'^ 4 \ M.'^^ir \ . V aiixliull V 1 IIHIII \. Vi-rtioii V \ ITII.lll 1 . Jir<'l >. \ii.t, 17 tli.i). ;|ti;, \ 111. III! I1..11 » |;,,|,i,| CO, It Mail. I, ^\ii.|.» 1;, 11. Hi VV.icli' \. .siriiniri, |.'. |.,.| ( |. | | | \\.i.lM»uitli ,. ■|,,w,i|,.(, |„ (■ , ,, >\'iil ». Uiikfi, 1' Kxi'li. I ^VmIIc ». l),.,ii.,„|. ,-,1 III .,|,, W.ilo.tl V. .s„|li,„n. I |.:,l». ( I, ; "'ll.lw' 1. (,i:iil;;i'. S t ( .( .|' ( j] U.IJk.T V. IIUI !,.»., I Atk. ill ) •'!>'■' '• < li'A. •!' I...l.r|', ,-,,10 ".ilk.T V. Ilviii.iii. I itA.I!. III.-, Mil-. \H dr. L'jii . l;.iilfc,i.|. ii7 .\l.i. Ui> \\ ilk.'i. J Alk. !t!i ■ tiM'k. .-, K.|i. lis ^"'•iit. 1 l).l,.l!. 71' 111 liij Wiilk. \\alk.M- VValkiT Walla.-,. Wallaiv I*lt. •!'■ i-'i. 1:11. n:, U.1,.1! ^■'7. IS ( ,|,.,|, I III W ih., UanI V Uai.1 1. \^anl V. \''anl ». \Var,l 1 WanI > '•\anl I nulla... V. \V..Hlj;al,.. I (, ai„| i'. U.I .11.1 <.. V\.,.Mii.,aii. St 111. uii "alli.i V. Tat... 4 H. \l,,ii|.,„. .-,"1 "all,., V. llain,. ;, iv, ,. |..|t."|,i| "iiMniiKl V. (JuMiiiaiiii. Hi 1^ |) |) \ ■'■"■*i'. l;l r.l'.V.II, till'; ll.viiH'. .-> .\l. A W. ,-,4s I .iniiier ( .V.lt. i. s K I. I; l)i<'k..r...iii. I II I..K. !ii'i':i ':i' Kil|.alri..k. s.", \.V. n.-j ^^.'n.ll. :i A.UI!. LIS ."^lialli.t, 2 V..<. .St.,1. Is riiriifr. 2 Vc,. s.n. J:il I". V. (lar.lmT. L.K. 7 K.| .•)I7 '•'>'■'■ V. I),,ii. -jii Can. S( 1; iss ' ini.r i. |).„|. -js \.s |{ ■>||. *\ar!i,.r v. ,Ia,..,l,. o,, (1,1, ".,.T„ \\jiri.|i V. Carlt.iii, ^)> 111 | ] -, U mi.k V. lin , _. M. AS. .-ii.l "-.lilmuiii.. V. Hiirr.nvs, ||i | r |-\ " .Icnull V. I',>nist.„i<-. n K .V II s- ■it.T„u. V. H.-iirv. I Man. I..!.'. .•,', ;\.-i croi,, V. Hpiin, •_• \fa,i. I, |{ i,;. >\i>t.T„u» Kn^'iii,. \V..iks V \'. ..IN .■ \at.-. V. (ox. :- „ra,|. , m. , ,.,:, iValcrs V. S'la.l... -J (Ji-. |.-,7 K— »1CI.S Of SALE. IJI liii; I I.-.:! I.">4. I!l.- I i:\. I 1.1 xlix 114 SVJ iWU 79 3'JU .'Vll |:lll 2n '.>-2 IM 4l'(I . ION 1:1 r>:u 114 i, .".71 4(1.1 liHl .">J ;i;;2 cm 4IIS . Jim 4(l.-> .■IS 7 .5!» ;)ss .s.-,s 112 J!»4 24 •->.■> T.i ^.l..l;. IS I'll l-.'7 IS llL' 1 UIM S Of SALE AND CHATTEL MOBTOAOES. 235 Watson, U.', :!5 y.li.D. ■-'.•■;•■ • :; ,•, 133 \Viit«)n V. llcii'r*m, 2a L. •-.<.. I . .>»- j24 WatM... V. Main. H ^Hp. !•> ■ ■• 40 \Vals.>n V. UiuKlall, 21) \\»'nd. 2U1 • ; • :; . . 20 \Vat«.n V. Si.iall.'V, ll> Kx. 222. 2+ l-.-l. Kx. o.l ^.3 Walls V. liim.ks ;t Vfs. til2 , , 178 Watts V. Tolnian, U l).I..U. .-.. 22 W .L.li. .... j^g Watts V. lolman, 7 U.L.K. 811 ,43 Wavne v. llaiiliani. U Hare 02 ._. jo Wwitlu'il.v V. llrailfor.l. 7 Ala. .24 07 Weaver v. .Ic.iile, -i l'."- :»""■> 5:W WfM. V. Strllo, lit N.H. 2;«» .... 433 Wrl.l) V. Stem-. 24 X.ll. 2S2 8 Wcl.l. V. I'attiTsi.n, 7 llunip. 4. 1 •;,,•- 186 W.l.bpr. IU-. li l).I-.K. 805, 1!) urn t r. «. as. .,1.. ^.^ WLstt-r V. liickmor.., 2:. A.U. (Ont.) !t. ... 448 \\ ,.|>stor. Kx |.ait.'. 22 Cii.l). 13tl . . 35, 153 Wflist.T V. I'ow.T. 5 M.Miro r.( .'•••- g Weil V. Stanl.-y, 12 Kla. UM W :: y,-i,' I ••. 52 W..i,ln,«n V. Sln-a-.-. 2 D.L.K. 734, 4.1 C a„, S.l .1!. 1 ^^ W.M.In.an v. Sliian-r. 20 Man. L.U. 1.8 jg., ^:;l;U.,ir NuiniViH \-ou;:.n ..• ....-ty .., v. WIU...... T..wn.hip. ^^^ XV..,u'v.'ci;S!naf , Iowa: 1882,; 13 N:^. K.,.- "41 --^ J«» Welsh V. Sa.-kftt, 12 Wis. 243 ^..^. ge U,.iiier V. IJiTsiinan. 28 Kflns t,0 «4 j^y West V. l)is|.ii.se. 1 1'.tOOJ I It'- •':<' .;iH7. 3R« West V. Skip. 1 Ves. S..n. 240 . . • ,j„ 5-9 Westa..ay v. Stewart, 1 S..sk. -H-.2II0 5.9 Westaway v. Stewart, 2 S.L.K. ^8 g; Westawav v. Stewart, 3 S.L.K. 1.8 25 Westbrook V. KaR". 1« ^-i '%,,.;,; sr,,' ■,-•, 107,171 Western Ass<.e. Co. v. Teniple 31 ( a k S.( .1! .!. .1 j^^ Western Uank v. t"'>''r»™''"'''''''' ";;' ''"v u- t H U ' Terr L K. 40. 208 Western Millins Co. v. l)«rke_ (1804» 2 N.W.l.R. .it. . h.r. ^^ We.tliel.l Hank v. Cornen, 3. N.^ . •(— ^j., Wetherell v. S|KMieer. 3 Mieli. 123 «,) Whalcv V. Otira.ly. 4 "•'*"• f7'' .^„, . ,,., .... 80 Whalev V. Otira.ly, 1 \U..K. 224. 48 ( .U.T. 112 jj^ Whwler v. lollier, M. & M. 123 ^^ 3^3 Wlieeler v. Xicols, 32 Me. --.13 -. ' ' .^„ .319 Who«Oer & Wilson v. (l.arters, 21 N.B.R- 480 ^^^^ 1-22,12.1 Whims..ll V. (Jiiranl. 3 OH. 1 -^ ■ ... 113 Whitaker v. Si»jler. 44 Iowa 41_lt g Wl.iteon.l. V. ^>'t';<'' ';>.";!• ';*, 'I'.-J"^ ;,4 ,50. 407, 425, 471, 485 White V. Urown. 12 I •< ■*^' ; i" «,,. ,:,o. 363. 453, 459 White V. Morris. 1 1 ( .H. 101.) 95 While V. I'l.ilps, 12 \.H. 382 ^ j24 whiteioek V, ( «.k. 31 'iR- ^"•> ,„ :::::;.... 130 ^^;i;!;;;:\: n,r'":rA.H.':onM Tu <•««: s.,mi. 515. 328. 47« Wl.ilmorr V. Kraneis, 8 Prin' (ill! j^g Whitnev v. I'arrar. 51 Me. 418 ^g Wl'ilnev V. I-ow.'ll. 33 Me. 318 jg S:r ;:• m:;.^;' "w..!. «.8; .2 k:..... ,.« ..: 155, 357, 475 1' CASES CITED. j. Wieh V. Parker. 2> &.„v.. 59 . . .viok V. HtKlgson, 12 Moo. 21.) 60 ".."' *■• \Villiam8. (i M. 4 \V 490 3" ".!;■>■ "• -"^".viler, .•)4 Mich. (!() o;i7 \\ ik.H V. .MaUhtTOM. 7 D.L.H ;jH5 ••71, 484 ".'"•'' "■ «"•<-. 1 1 .Me. 403. . -il Williams. Ro. Kv .:..r*„ I ....,•..".: •.: 47 .^3.^ 87 Hi.). 414 Williams V. I^-narli; 2.rran.' .S.r'.K 40ti i:. ■, ■ '" "!."""" »• Owvni, 10 .Sims. 3(18 « « 1 lams V. Sorrell, 4 V.-s. 38it H" \\ 1 lams V. .St,.r„. L.R. .-, ,/.„.„ ^,,3 .538 \V lams V. S-.m Life .Asso,.. (■„.. 4 I) I, K ' \m "•^- ''■" U. 1:1ms V. TImmas. 2.5 O.R. .53(i '^ U\ \J 1 hams V. WliH.Ier, 8 <-.H.X .S ".io 412 Ui lams V. Williams, 18 J^T 78.3 I'M '"S.^7?- '"•^^"'-"" '«- ^'^ '■— a..;, optioa, c..;,: 2 "" \Villi,un8<.n V. Herry, 8 How. 4!).5 ^"1 VVi lamson v. IJ^rr.v. 8 H.m-. ,544 I0» U 1 lamwn v. Clements, I Taunt. .5'3 460 »Vi mer v. Thomas. 74 .M.I. 48.5. I3 I. R \ •.«„ •"'6 W; son V. nrannan, 27 Cnl. 258 160 Ui son V. Coirver, 4 Ifev. !)0 Ufl " .Non V. Kerr. 17 r.c.Q;,,. uiH. IS t-:c.(^H. 470' ::;:::;:::::; " U-ilson V. KimlN,IL'27 Vy'300 '^'" '"'''"■ ^"''- ^'"•478. 785 Wis,,,, v. I.p.|i,.. 20 Ohio ifli 540 W ison V. .Shaver. 1 (),ur. ,,,7 4ft8 »\ I SOI, V. Shaver. 3 O.L.R. nO 38 « 1 s,m %. Taylor, 7 D.UR. .317 48 p , j .„- 52 Uilson V. Traer, 20 Iowa 231 ^ " '"' HO. 118 ^r;"^.ar?*^:---.--.E.34o;.v;.-; w:=^i^l4"!.ire^2^ \ .n^eld Ex parte. 10 rh.D 501 433 \\ inn V. Sni.ler. 26 A.H. (Ont ) .•W4 322 .\\:";""^*- J- ^li-h- In«. Co..' 4 Met 306 450. 467 W m er, E„ ,,^,^t^ ,0 W.R. 575 4^ I.T 3-.1 484 Winter v. Oault. 13 D.UR. "• *+ ''■'^- 323 ..., \Vi't"t V n '-""''P''-^''. 42 Iowa 471 433 "itt V. Banner. 20 Q.B.D. 1 14 35. 470 Wolfenden v. Wilson. 33 f.r.Q R 44., Ml. 481 JW V. nri.nt, 32 ChJ. 775 198 W.v>,I V. Dixie. 7 Q.ll. S96. 9 ,lur 798 415. .525 58 lii BILLS OP SA1,E AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. Wood Wood WVkhI WikmI WoihI Wood Kx. V. Dominion Bank, 2 A.UK 205 V. tJrand Valley R. Co.. o D.l-.R. 42N, V. Nunn. 5 King. 1<» • , > i V V. Kowclille, « Kx. 40,. -20 Uf V Si'ott, .w Iow*i 114 .■.'■' v" InioM Gospel flmrcl. HI. «■ Assn-; W;;;;ihousev.Murr«y.4Q.H 27 cow,.. 121. Woodman ^. Cl.esley, 39 Me. 4., W(H«lrulI V. RolK-rts. 4 J'»-\-' W . 206 .... 81 .... 122 140, 150, 486 . 46, 44a 249 ... 48 .,8 .25 . . 53s ... 125 ... 307 ... 119 100 58 ... 414 ... 114 .... 4«1 . .40, 45 ... 19 425 113. lie. 143 160 .67 ^•;;lU.K...Bate.,el....rvYa'-^'« *"■"•":.. Yates V. Olmsted. Ji.. B"h; ■••' , Yates V. White. 4 Bmg ^■''■^'- ' ;,(.,.. ;„ Y^rworth V. Pieree. Al..^n. 3> <..... . .1 .» Young V. rottle. 1 ^ \\m^. ^1 Young V. l.amlH.rt. r. M.H.re .C . Voungv. Mcflure. 2\V4 S..H. Y..ung V. IVaehey. 2 Atk. 2.U, . 4nti Zimmeiiiian v. Sproi ,at..-, n.T..R. 4.V2. 2IKU.1!. 44s 275 241. 242 ... 475 171 .321 ... 120 .12. 14 .. 394 ...5. 139 . . 0. 140, 144 H 1 THE LAW OF BILLS OF SALJi AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES CHAPTER I. MOBTOAGES AND SaLES GENERALLY. A BILL Of sale is an instrument in writing, generally hnt not necessar ly, under spnl v^h^^u generally, but ^.'-.ve.u. j^9, Hory V. Denny, 7 Ex. 581 -rrthCr:.^:!^^^^^^^^^^^ rr ^^-^- - --- ^. etw.n parties, where- 1— lILts OF s*lr. Si •fcl • 1 1 li 1. 1 i i l! V • il ■ I 2 B11-I.S OK SALE ANl> CIIATTKI. MORTGAGES. by the mortK-asor assigns the chattels to the mortgagee upon the terms that the assignment is to be void on the payment o a sum of money, or the perfor.nance of a certain eond.t.on at an appointed tim;'. A mortgage is the creation of an interest m property de- feasibh- or liable to 1h> annulled either upon the payment of money, the f.dfilment of a certain condition, or the perform- anee of some aet; but should the money not be P^^^'"^' ^T dition not be fulfilled, or the act not Ix- performed, then from the moment of default the inten>8t of the mortgagee becomes ab^lute at law in the p«>perty mortgaged, and remains ve«ted in him, b,rt the mortgagor ha« still the right to redeem: Sands v Standard Insuranc-e Co., 26 Cir. 116, affirmed m 27 Gr 167^ It is a security founded on the common law and perfected by a judicious and wise application of the principles of redeniption of the civil law. The debt is the principal, and the mortgage the incident: Martin v. B..arman, 4r, U.C.R. 212. It is not only a lien for a delrt, but a transfer of the property itself as a security for the debt, defeasible by the performance of the con- dition according to it« legal effect: Conard v. At. Ins. Co., 1 VH 386; Erskine v. Townsend, 2 Mass. 4%. Mortgages of movable or personal property may be divided into four classes:— (1) Mortgages of goods and chattels of a corporeal nature, other than registered vessels. (2) Mortgages of n-gistcred vi^els and shares therein. (3) Mortgages of stock and shares ir companies. (4) Mortgages of other incorporeal personal property. It is the purpose of this work to deal with mortgages within the first class, more imrticularly as they are affected by the statutes relating then>to. Sueh a ...ortgage made without deed may be valid although no transfer of posse.ssion of the chattel mort^raged has taken place: Maughan v. Sharpe, 17 C.B. (N.S.) 443, 34 L.J.C.l'. in. 11 Jur. (X.S.) 989. It may be valid if made by simple contraet : Florj- v. Denny, 7 Ex. 581. MORTGAGES AND SALES OENEBAM.V. 3 be Jl!^^t'''"T"' •" " ''''"'' '"°''*^«^^' «-h a mortgage will be val .1 only «« Mw^„ tlie parties to the transaetion. For the ransaction, that the mortgage shall be in writing and in nr^., that thev may have notice of the true nosition 5 T' that the i„^n,.„ent «hall be l^.TirTrZ '^^ "''^''^' -... .0. the Character of !Z:: ILT^^^l^Z""' 'o 111., monmmv. .i.« Property passe. ^r... « Te'L":, 'Tir'.r""'"-" '■■ ♦*' ""«'"«"■•• ton, of the ,„ort.^a..or or ^i^ 7 "^^ "^ ""^'°«* ^'^di- "qiiBit.., » lone «s tl,o formami™ „, Z" , . °"™" " -need upoa i, 0^,"^°^^ "' """"'' "" "»" "O- whoii,- i„v„i., „ ,„i,„',c;'^"^ 3:7« » ef 0...™. Jonea V. B„,.,r, , N.B. E, 630 '' ''•'' "" '^"^ -ni, „„, w „.„„^ ,^^., j ::: 'i, ":r, 'r " 4 BH.1.S tiK SAl.K AND CIIATTKI. M(>KT(!A(JKS. tion, provided the defeasanee be executed in pursuance of an agreement to execute it, which formed part of the original trans- act-on. Tlie two instruments then constitute a mortgage as between the parties: Lund v. Land, 1 N.IL 39; Holmes v. Grant, 5 Paige 2+:»; Swetland v. Swetland, 3 Jlieh. 482. A defeasance, in til" alwenee of st«tutor>- provision to the contrary, may be engrafted on a hill of sale l)y parol: Muehmore v. Budd, 5:1 N.J.L. 369; Omaha Book Co. v. Sutherland, 10 Neb. 334, 5 Am. 6 Eng. Encvc. 954 contra; .see Pennock v. Met orinaek. 120 Mass. 175; see Praser v. Murray, 34 N.S.R. 186, 37 C.L.J. 364. The condition may be written at the end of the instrument (Kent v. Allbritain, 4 How. (Miss.) 317), or indorsed upon it, or it may be contained in a separate paper, executed and delivered simul- taneously with the absolute bill of sale: Brown v. Bement, 8 Johns. (N.Y.) 96; Barnes v. Iluleumb, 12 Sm. & M. (Miss.) 306 ; Patterson v. Palmer, 19 W.L.R. 422. But a bill of sale, ab- solute upon its face, may yet be shewn to he a conditional con- veyance, and parol evidence will be received to shew what was the intention of the parties, and all the circumstances in con- nection with the iastruraent will be taken into consideration; but the fact of a condition being attached to the conveyance must be established by clear and most positive evidence: Boardman v. Handley, 4 Terr. L.R. 266 ; Blunt v. Marsh, 1 Terr. L.R. 126 ; Lamont v. Olson, 18 W.L.R. (Sask.) 200. Such an instrument, although absolute on its face, may be treated as a mortgage, even as against tliird parties, who, with notice, have purchased for value. If, however, tiiird parties have, without notice and in good faith, purdmsed the property, confiding in tiie absolute title, apparently given to their vendor by the instrument un- der wliieli lie claimed to own tlie property, their title will not be impeached: (Jreenshields v. Bamhart, 5 Gr. 99; Omaha Ik)ok Co. V. Sutherland, 10 Neb. 334. 6 N.W. Rep. 367 ; Morgan v. Shinn, 1.') Wall. 105; lioardman v. Handley, 4 Terr. L.R. 266. In equity, the rule is. once a mortgage, always a mortgage: Gomlman v. Grierson. 2 Ball. & B. 278. Parol evidence will be 1 ■3 -•Jf i MORTOAOES .>ND SALrs; OENEKAI.LV. 5 received ,ot that the imru.nent may the^by be eontradieted. but for the purpose of raking an equity paramount to its terms • 37^ ;r, " ''T' ' '''■ '''■' "°''"- - -^'atthews, 3 Or' 9; abney v. Grc.n, 4 11. & X. m-. Parks v. Hall, 8 Piek ;iO«; Jyler v Strange, 21 Barl,. ]i.S; Walker v. Walke 2 V k 09; I Kxon v. Parker, 2 Ves. 22:,; Young v. Peaehey, 2 A k 256 : Langton V. Horton, 5 Beav. ., Jones v. Stathamr3 .Vtk 38 -' Bell V. Carter, 17 B.. v. 11; Murphy v. Taylor, Ir Ch '-' Blunt V. Marsh, 1 Te.r LR lo.; n^ -^ "'^' ^ ^r- <-h. J., Terr r R ora ^, " ' ^"'"^''^"n v. Handley, 4 Ttrr L.R 066. The earlier eases admitted such evidence to eshiblish fraud (Steuart v. Ilorton 2 fir 4",^ •^^'"^°<^e to i>„f * • , ^" ' ^^''gl'sh V. Lane, 1 Porter 3''81 Mt V. Toner, |18!)l| 1 OB Kl«. u "'' "J". 2311; Beck. 2^8= Tyler v. k.n , 2l\arMN^^T98 r""-^' '' ''''^'' Wash. 14; La Roche v. O'Hagan 1 OR \on l'^/' ''""'^"' ' liams, 5 O A R 518. P«n . ^^' -^^''^I»"'>° v. Wil- Pattern. Vor 459. 2""" \ '"'' ' ''''■ '''■' ""^^^^^ - V. Walker 2 E & A 'l^ T " T''"^' ' ^^^ ^^^'^ ^^^-^^ nurkin. 17 Gr.-^;^::;;^;,^--^-^^ Campbell V. Abererombie, 16 R 98 e.xpressed : Tyson v. 1 6 BIU^ OF HAI-E AND Oil ATTKI- MOKTOAdES. niateml docunu-nts of title be w deliveml or depwited: Zim- meman v. Spmat, 5 D.L.R. 452, 26 O.L.R. US; «'e Hwm-l v. Russel, 1 Bro. V.V. 26!); Ex parte Ilaigh, 11 Ves. 403; Ex parte Moiintfopt, 14 Ves. 60ti; Ex i>arte Keiwington, 2 V. & B. 79; Ex parte Arkwritfht. 3 Mont. U. & DeO. 129; Ucon v. Allen, 3 Drew. r,79; Acne Co. v. Huxley, 18 W.L.R. (Alta.) .VU; Rim- iner v. Webster, |1!>(>21 2 Cli. m\. The law do-s not pn-sume that an\ man hiu» acted or de- sires to act rraiiduleutly, but presui.-.-s the contrary until the ,aud is sliewn: Matthews v. IIo!r..e«, .". Or. 33; Calvard v. Wauffh, 3 Jon.* (N.C.) Eq. 335; Ulaekwell v. Overby, 6 Ired. (N.C.) Eq. :iS. But inade«iuaey of consideration (Stewart v. Horton, 2 Or. 45; Papineau v. Gurd, 2 Gr. 512; Brown v. Dewey. 2 Barb. 28; English v. Lane, 1 Porter 328; Bentley v. Phillips, 2 W. & M. 426; Wilson v. Weston, 4 Jom-s (N.C.) Eq. 349; Williams V. Owen, 5 M. & C. 303; Lanjtton v. llorton. 5 Beav. 19), the simple existence of a pnwious debt from the vendor to the vendee, the continuance in posseasion of the property by the grantor (U> Targe v. De Tuyll, 1 Or. 227; Iternhart v. Patterson, 1 Or. 459), the conditions and circumstances of tlie conveyance (Whitcomb v. Sutherlan.l, 18 111. 5'3), the seeking of a loan by the vendor from the vendee, are all circumstances which may l)e looked to in order to ascertain the re«l intentions of the parties, and from which a mortgage may be presumed. A .subsef not, that he would sell to the vendee for $1,000, and, subse- quently, further sums were pai.I which made up this sum of $1 - 000, n was a question for the jur>-, fro.u all the cireumst^.nc.-s to say wheUier the instrument, alwolute on its face, wis a bill of sale or a mortfjajfe: Goodwin v. Kelly. 42 IJarh. (N.Y.) 1!>4 While the question of intention of the parti.^, as to whether the mstrument was inten.led to operate as a mortpa.^. or as a bill ot ««le, may In, one for a .]ury, the question of whether an mstrument, In itself, i.s or is not a .norfRa^e, is one of law for decision by the Court. A bill of sale of jjoods to secun- a debt, where possession re- niains w.th the v..„dor, is a mortffaKe, and, .« s„eh, i. subject o the statutoiT n-»ulation« as to form and rejristration : MeMar- (M.V.) 166; Mcl-adden v. Turner, 3 Jones (N.€.) L 481 • Ross V. Roes, 21 Ala. .•J22; Moon. v. Pumpelly, 4« Wis. 660. The' mere fact that an instrument does not contain terms of defeasan«> 18 not at all dt^cisive i„ determining the question whP«': ^'o^l v. Ransom, 39 IIow. (N.Y.) I'r. 42!t; MUxlKctt v. MlodKctt. 4M Vt. :{•-'. A liill of »Jil.-. with a conilition for mlcmption, inake« the instrument a niort- (Pige (Kent v. Allbritain, 4 How. (MIhb.) 111?; Wilson v. Carver, 4 Hey. 90; Morrow v. Tumey, !<.'> Ala. lUl), ami bo dotii a bill of sale >H'L'urin(r an endorser or siin-ty ajyiiinst liability: Webb v. Patfenon, 7 Hump. 4:n ; Marsh v. Lawrence, 4 Cow. 461 ; Jack- son V. Green, 4 Johns. 186. So a .judKment for the consideration- money mentionetl in the bill of siile will stjunp the instrument with the character of a mort»r!ijre : Hamet v. Dundas, 4 Penn. 178. The same rule will apply when the vendee reUins the riijht to demand repayment of the money, notwitlistanding the purehas*', and siiould the properly be lost; Robinson v. Farrelly, 16 Ala. 472. In those cases where ixjsscasion to the property is not de- livered by the vendor t« the vendee, the reason for holding the bill of sale in such eases to be pritnd facie a mortgage seems to be that in no other way can effect be given to the instrument, or its precise natun' properly determined. It could not be a pletlge, IwH-aiise the esst-ntial re([uisitc in a pledge, namely delivery, is absent. A provision for redemption in a contract of sale makes the transaction a mortgage: Wilson v. W^eston, 4 Jones (N.C.) Eq. 349. A written promise, upon the back of a bill of sale of a cow, signed by tlie \endc;-, stipulating that the cow shall remain the property of the vendee until the note is fully paid, makes tile transiu-tion a mortgage: Woodman v. Ohesley, 39 Me. 45. An agreement to give a chattel mortgage, duly registered, enables the mortgagiH; to rely on it as such, where the mortgage Bul)8ese of the lumber a.d applv the pt^^ n h T tion of the indebtedness of the luml^;man C^Tet to n '" to him the remainder of the proceeds if «„ .k ^ ^ ''''^'' 10 HII.lJ* OK SAI,K AM> CIIATTEI- MOKTtl.\(iK>l. to the vimtlor uru not in tin- property mortK»tft'il. but iji tlif prowoils of the siilf then'or, to the extent of the differeuee Ik- tween the full nniouot re«lia'd and the debt owiuif: I'n aticti V. Con«olidat«d Bank, 13 O.A.K. 69; t'amp v. Thompwin. 25 Minn. 17;"), 1«1 ; Hutlt-r v. White, 2') Minn. 4:12; •«■<•, however, Gagv V. Chewlwro, 4!l Wis. 486, 5 X.W. Rep. 881. If, at the time of sale, the debt from the ventlor to the vendee be, in point of fact, extiniruialied, and the bill of sale neither creutea nor continues u debt, then though tlif privilege be giv»>n of repurcJiaaini,' within a Hpeeitied time, the transaction is not a iiiorttfajre, but a «wlf: Weatherby v. Hrndfonl, 7 Ala. 724; Uoinez V. KampiuK, 4 Ualey (N.Y.) 77; Sewal v. Ilt'ury, 9 Ala. 24. And it luM been held Umt, where a bill of sale provides for the right to redeem, but that, upon default of retlemptiou, the ven- dor must pay a sura certain for the use of the property in tbe meantime, the transaction is not u mortgaps but a sale: Log- wood V. Ilusaey, 60 Ala. 417. la all those eaues in which i)n)visiou is made that tlie right to, or title in, the property Bhall not pass to the vendee, the transiietiou is a pondilional twle, and not a mortgage. There can be no mortgage without a transfer of title, and, if the title to the property does not pawi "ut of the vendor, there is no transfer, and. eonsi-iiuently, no inortf;age. Of this class of eases is the ordinary one i>f renting machinery, or a piano, or other furniture, with the right of purehas*-: Crawcour v. Sidter, 18 Oh.l). 30; Ogg V. Shuter, L.R. 10 VV. 159; Rogers Locomotive Work.s v. l^'wis, 4 Dill 158; Walker v. Ilyman, 1 O.A.R. 345; Xordheimer v. Robinson, 2 O.V.R. 305; Stevenson v. Rice, 24 U.C.C.P. 245; Ex parte Crawcour, 9 Ch.D. 419. Even though the agreement contain a clause, whereby, upon default in pay- ment of the instiilment^ the vendor may sell the property and apply tlie proceeds in payment of the unpaid debt, and the sur- plus, if any, to the vendee, the .sale is none the les.s a conditional sale: Brewster v. Baker, 20 Barb. (N.Y.) 364; Grant v. Skin- ner, 21 Barb. (N.Y.) 5S1 ; Pierce v. Scott, 37 Ark. 308. MOKTilAUKM \NI> HALiX (IK.NERAI.I.V. \\ WlH-n one huy» *«,). a,„i m |>a.v,„ent for it jfive. an .-nilom..! '"'"'• '"'"' "•"•""■^ " "'''">'^"- ^y H writing or n-ceipt U.-Harinff tlmt the wool Hn.l elotl. to I... ,„«.]« tl.erefron. should U- th.. pro- perty of the endon^-r until the note wa. paal. tho tnuimu-tion WM h..|.l to Ik- a rnort^iw: Thoinp«,n v Hlanchard, 4 (NY) •m. Hut u written ,,n..ai„. to pay f„r u hon«., whml.v ,t wa« agn-ecl Umt -the horne rtan.lH his own «H;urity.- h«« b<"...n eon- «tru...| «H meaning that the property in U.e ho«e ^.ould remain m the vemlor. and. therefor... that the Iransaetion w«« a eon- difonal Hale, not a mortgaK,-: Clayton v. Hester. 8(. NC 275 So a not., in the«e «.,r.U, -'Five montJu. after date 1 pm.ni*. to pay ir. h. th.. 8un. «f <,:,o for a horse, said hors,. to be II K '. .o,^e ,dl paid for" is a cH>n.li,io„al *.le: Kllison v. .Jon.^.'4 ire. . N.<;.. 48. .So also when wor.ls sin.lar ,n etfee, ar.. ..h- «.r K-d k.neath a pro,nis«,ry note, identifying the not,- as part of the tn.n*.et.„n: Mallew v. Su.l.lert.h, 10 1^1. (X.C ) 17ti A provision in a bill of sale that the grantor shall have' a ien for the purchas.. mon.-y on the pmp..rty sold .loes not in iHvv. c.,nstm.te a n.ortgag..: Shaw v. WiltHhin-, G5 Me 485- .^wyer v^ Fisher, .12 .M... 28 ; Harnett v. M,«on, 7 Ark. 253 ' A pU.dge .s not so eo,„pn.h..,.sive as a .....rtgag... a ...ortga^e ™..,^,„„ „.a„ a p,..d,.: „,.,„, , ,,.„„„:;, .,,„^ - un, the debt ,sdKse„r,...|: First National Ha„k v. Harkne^. - ,;:'"''• '- ''•'^••^- ■''^- ^" »"« -«^' of a mortgage the gperal t.tle . transfer.-d to th- mortga^.e. In the eat o a pledge. U,e pledgee ha. a spcial or qualified p«,p..rty in he ^cls; the nght to d..ain them for his security until h p • ment of the st.pulated su.„ ; and the right to bring aetion again t n'^ft ^■•^"^'^""•r -"-'^« """- t'.e pledgor retaTn^ in h.mself the general title, subject to the lien of the pledgee -Afeyerstein v. Harber. L.R. 4 If L 3] 7- R„t i«. "'*" P"^''*^^ • Bulst. 29 Yelv. 170; Jon« v. ^^y^T^s"]^ ' Suckling (18e«). L.R. 1 Q.B. 585, 5.5. It L L^ell- ^1 -4 'W' i ! J 12 BIU-S <»K SAI.K AND CIIATTKI. M(>KT(iA(iKS. gation Ls contracted tlie goods must be delivered over to the pledjroe and fontinue in his posst-ssion. The transaction begins with the voluntary delivery of possession to the goods by the pledgor to tiie pledgee: Kx parte Hubbard, 17 Q.B.D. 690; Ex parte Parsons, 16 Q.H.I). 532; Franklin v. Neale, 13 M. & W. 481, but tlie delivery need not be actual; it may be constructive or symbolical: Jewett v. Warren, 12 ^lass. 300; Inglis v. James Ricliardson, etc., 10 D.L.R. 158; Hilton v. Tucker, 39 Oh.U. 669; Tatham v. Andree, 1 Moore P.C. 386; Martin v. Reid, 11 C'.H. (X.S.) 730; Young v. Lambert, 6 Moore P.C. 406. In making a pawn, or pledge, delivery of the chattels is the main characteristic, a deed or writing being unnecessary, while a mortgage is valid without delivery of the goods mortgaged. By a mortgage the title is transferred ; by a pledge the possession but not the title. The delivery, as collateral security, of a bill of sale, copies of ganger's returns^ and a warehouse receipt of whisky held in a government bonded warehouse, creates a pledge, and not a chattel mortgage: Conrad v. Fisher, 37 Mo. App. 352, 8 L.R.A. 147. The document regulating the rights and liabilities of the pledgee does not and cannot give him power to seize or take possession of the property pledged, because it is of the essence of the transaction that the pledgee shall have the possession, and, if he does not get possession, there is no pledge : Re Ilall, 14 Q.B.D. 306 ; Ex parte Parsons, 16 Q.B.D. 532. Mortgages are sometimes spoken of as collateral security : I'onard v. Atlantic Insurance Co., 1 Pet. (M.S.) 448. The term "collateral security" is more comprehensive, and includes pled- ge,s, mortgages, indeiiinirying l)on(ls, and the like, particularly where the tiling pledy^ed is a chose in action, such, for instance, us corjKjrjite stock, Iwnds, notes, and other evidences of debt ; Mitchell V. Hobert.s, 17 Fed. Rep. 776; Cortelyou v. Lansing, 2 Cai. Ca.s. (X.Y.) 200; Munn v. McDonald, 10 Watts (Pa.) 270. A pawn is defined by Sir William Jones on Bailments, pp. 36, 11^*. to be "a bailment of goods by a debtor to his creditor, to be MORTGAGES AND SALES GENERALLY. 13 kept by him till his debt is discharged"; and by Lord Holt, in Coggs V. Bernard, 2 Ixl. Raym, p. 913, to be "a delivery to another of goods or chattels to be security to him for money borrowed of him by the bailor;" and by I»rd Stair, Institutions of the Law of Scotland, b. i. tit. 13, sec. 11, a kind of mandate whereby the debtor for his creditor's security gives him the pawn or thing impignorated, to detain or keep it for his own security, or in the case of non-payment of the debt, to sell the pledge and to pay himself out of the price, and to restore the rest, or restore the plwlge itself on payment of the debt; all which is of the nature of a mandate, and it hath not only a cus- tody in it, but the power to dispose in the case of non-payment ; ' ' and by Bell, Principles of the I^w of Scotland, sees. 1362. 136.3; 4th ed., p. M2, "a real right or jus in re, inferior to property, which vests in the hclder a power over the sujject to retain it n security of the debt for which it is pledged, and qualifies so . r and retains the right of property in the pledgor or owner"- Donald V. Suckling (1866), L.R. 1 Q.B. 585. So where one who holds personalty as security may retake it from the owner who had obtained possession from the bailee by falsely representing that he had paid the debt for which it was held as security (Pocock v. Novitz, 4 D.L.R. 105, 21 W L R 418 • Wallace v. Woodgate, I.C. and P. 575, and Babcock v. La«-9on,' .-> Q.B.D. 284), and the pledgor cannot claim the restitution of the thmg given in pledge until the debt is wholly paid except in cases of misuse by the pledgee of the thing pledged: Klock v The Molsons Bank (\o. n. 2 D.L.R. 445. 41 Quo SO 370 raffirmod Klock v. The Afolsons Bank f\o. 2) D LR 877 Tl-e distinction between a pledge and a mortgage of pemonal property ,s (1) that in the former the title is retained by the r2f ^I; T^ r ''' '""" '* ^^"" '' *^^ "'°'^^«-- -d (2) that the delivery of the possession of the propertv to the pledgee « absolutely essential to a pledge, while between the parties, but not against creditors or purd.ase«. such delivery u BILLS OF SALE ANR CILVTTEL MORTOAOES. ' n While there exists a broad and clearly defined distinction between the two forms of security, it sometimes happens that both unite in the same transaction; for example, in the deposit of notes or mortgages as collateral security, their possession gives them the character of a pledge, while endorsement or as- signment transfers the title in them, which is one of the ohar- aeteristies of a mortgage. Custom has so regulated things, that constructive pocseasion is sometimes the only possi^ssion acquired, and the very act of giving such possession amounts to a transfer of title also, as, for instance, in the case of the transfer of bills of lading. Though delivery is so essential to the creation of a pledge, yet tlie possession of the pledgor may be deemed suffi- cient, if, by the agreement l)etween the parties, liis possession be made the possession of the pknlgee: Reeves v. Capper, 5 Bing. N.C. 136; Jlartin v. Reid, 11 C.B.N.S. 730; Meyerstein v. Bar- ber, L.R. 2 C.P. 52 ; Hilton v. Tucker, 39 Ch.D. 669 ; Tatham v. Andree, 1 Moore V.V. 386; Young v. Lambert, 6 .Moore P.C. 406: Inglis v. James Richardson, 10 D.L.R. 158. The dilTerence between pledging and bailing is that a pawnee has a special property, but a bailee the custody only: Ilartop v. Iloare, 3 Atk. 46. In a pledge of goods it is not essential that the advance and delivery of possession should be contemporane- ous. It is sufficient if possession be delivered within a reason- able time of the advance in pursuance of the contract to pledge: Hilton v. Tucker, 57 L.J. €h. 973, 39 Oh.D. 669. A bailment on trust implies that there is reserved to the bailor the right to claim a n'-ddiverj- of tiie property deposited in bailnuiit. Hut wherever there is n delivery of property on a contract for an eI)S A.VD niATTEI,s. Chattei* imy be defined as being goods movable and im- movable, except sueJi as are in the nature of freehold or pareel of It, and may be divided into two chmea, viz., chattels real and chattels personal. Chattels real are thoiie which either appertain, not immedi- ately to the person, but to something real by way of dependenev or which issue out of some immovable thing, and concern realty, lands and tenements. An estate for yean is a chattel real It IS an interest in land, and is known generally as a term Chattels real, „„t being, in their nature, movable, capable of delivery from hand to hand, are not the subject-matter of a chattel mortgage under the Act: Preser v. Lazier, 9 U C R 679- Booth V Keehoe, 71 N.Y. 341; Breeze v. Bange, 2 E.D.Smith' (N.y.) 4(4. (hatteU pergonal are those which iH-h.ng im.nediatelv to 1 /.T^ ?' ""''"""• """^ ^'' '''^'''^' '^ they are injuriously withheld frem him, the owner has no other remedy than a per sonal „,.,H,n. A mortgage in f... i„ ..oaskl..,-..! a« p...^n,al as- aets: Casbome v. Scarce, 1 Atk. 605. P«>Perty can be mortgaged although the owner has not m himself the absolute and entire Utle thereto, or, in faet the P«ou thereof (.MeCalla v. Bullo<.k. 2 Bihh. Ke„ ^28^ and property exempt from attachment and execution and sale at the suit of creditors may yet be made the subject of a mr^ 18 BILLS OF «ALE AND CllATTEI. MOBTUAOES. gage. Suoli exemption is a 8tatutor>' reservation in favour of the debtor, and not a restriction upon a debtor's right to do that wliieh he dioost-s with his own: Love v. Blair, 72 Ind. 281. In modem law a man's chattels are equivalent to his per- gonal estate, namely, the property which, upon his death, de- volves on his .'xccutors or lulininistrators virlute officii: Tilley V. Simpson, 2 T.R. frj'J. Even after default in t)aymcnt of a prior mortKage, the owner of chattels mortgaged has still the right to mortgage his inU'rest therein; until foreclosure, an interest— that ol redemption-«till remains in tho mortgagor, and this interest he may mortgag.', and the junior mortgagt-e has the right to redeem: Smith v. Coalbaeh, 21 Wis. 427. Thou^ possession is not absolutely essential to enable the owner of goods to create a mortgage thereon, yet the mere fact of liaving poflseasion does not in itself confer any interest whioh can be mortgaged, unless some title or interest of some kind ac- company the possession, and a mortgagee, without notice, and for valuable consideration, ntay find his security valueless, from depending on the simple act of possession in his mortgagor, as giving the latter the right to mortgage: Stanley v. Gaylord, 1 Ciwh. (Mas-s. t ."):?(); (ilaze v. HIake. .")♦> Ala. iHit; Waters v. Cox, 2 Brad. (111.) 129; Reed v. Willmott, 5 M. & P. 553. Where tlie owner of a moving-picture machine loaned it to another for one night, to be used in giving an exhibition and to t)e returned the next day. and the latter without the know- ledge of the owner took it to other towns and mortgaged it to st-cure a board hill— the owner in the meanwhile using every effort to find and recover it--such mortgage creates no lien against the owner: Martin v. Armstrong (Tex. Civ. App. 1901), ()2 S.W. 83. Hut a bono fide pun-haser for value from a person in pos- session of goods who obtained them fraudulently from the owner, may hold them again-st the owner, provided the latter volun- tJirilv parted with the possession and intended to part with t THE SUBJECT-MATTER. 19 ,-^ the title, altliougrh the owner might reclaim Uiem from his im- mediate vendee at any time before their resale: Maloom v Lov- erul^M.-, Har... (X.Y.) ;,72; BH..eo<.k v. Law«,n. 4 Q.B.D. m, J W.U.I). 1,84; Attenborough v. London, etc., Dock €o., 3 C.PD 4a(). Loth the seller and buyer in a conditional sale of goods I'aye such an inten^t therein as may he mortgaged. If the seller delivers property to the purehaser, under an agreement that the title thereto shall not pass until paid for, the seller may mortgage and his mortgagee, if acting in good faith and without notice, will acquire a title superior to that of the conditional buyer: Lverett v. Hall, 67 JIo. 497. Similarly, a „.„rtga.e by a vendor of a ..uantity of co«l- «le thereof will prevail ag«inst the vendee, where the change of possc.ss.on did not reasonably charge the mortgagee with notice hereof: Bernhart v. MoCutcheon, 12 Man. L.R. ^4 it is and?' ""'" " '"''"■ ""^ ""''^'^^ '''^ ^°'«'^«. «"«h «- wil la t! , T ""'""' "' '"^ P"**^ '' ^"^ «-'^«' the mortgage «.l attach: Crompton v. Pratt, 10.1 Mass. 255; Allright v Mere <>ith, :>S Ohio St. 194, 50 N.E. 719. An .n^^inc buil.Jor who agrees to construct an engine mav mortgage .tin its unfinished state, even though the pTr hrs^t has advanced money on ac«>unt during the pn>grerof col nt r..st of „ i „.„„ ^^^^^^.^ ^^^ J ^^^^ in the crops and products of the soil ■ b.,t if h. tween him and his landlord be that the erl ^'^"""^ ""• the soil shall belong to the la^dlo.^ nd tZa^ """'"^^ "' ;^.e >-er Of certain advances their Ih ^ CeTcV; tam projmrtion of the crop, the tenant h«- «^ • 1 li 20 HILI* OF SAUE AND CHATTEL MORTtiAO**. il i gage until he pays the advances: Ponder v. Rhea, 32 Ark. 435; Leland v. Sprague, 28 Vt. 746. The word "goo3; I'owell v. .Ie«.«wi), IH ('B. 336; Lawter v. Griffin, 40 Ind. 593), and is limited to what is mov- able perHonal property, to things w^iich are tangible and visible, and have a local situation: Hewitt v. Corbett, 15 U.C'.Q.B. 39. Whatsoever is capable of delivery, of being handed from one to another, in fact Whatever is movable personal property, is with- in tlie meaning of the term "goods." A mortgage of future crops is within the Act, and is sup- erior to a mortgage afterwards given of the crop wiien in exist- ence, and gathered: Evermau v. R<»bb. 52 Mi«8. «53; IVtch v. Tutin, 15 M. & W. 110; Mehm v. Balcolvski. 1 Sask. I..R. 415. Bills of exchange are not proper subjects of mortgage : Hilts V. Parker, 14 L.T. 107 (H.L.). If a seller or mortgagor agrees to sell or mortgagt' property, real or personal, of which he is not posBe8s.'d at the time, and he receives the consideration for the contract, and afterwards becomes possessed of property answering the description in the contract, the/e is no doubt tiiat a Court of equity would compel him to perform the contract, ami that the contract would, in efjuity, transfer the btiieticial interest to the mortgagee or pur- diaseV immediately on th.- propeHy being acquired. This, of course, assumes that tlu' mipi>ow'd contract is one of that class of which a Court of ci|nity would decree specific performance. If it be 80, then, immediately on the acquisition of the property described, the vendor or mortga^'or would hold it in trust for the purehflser or mortgage*', according to the terms of the contract: Lord Westbury in Holroyd v. Marshall. 10 ll.L.C. 191 : (^oync V. Lee. 14 O.A.R. 503, 23 O.L.J. 413; Tailby v. Officinl Hoccivcr TUB bUBJECT-MATTER. 21 (18««), 13 A.C. 523, Lazarus v. Andrade, 5 CRD. 319; Leathain V. Amor, 47 L.J.y.H. 381; He Panaina. ek-., ilail Co., L.K. 5 l^h. 318. Hence, apet-iHe pt-rfonuanee wiJl be decreed of an agreement to pvt. a cliattel mortgage upoa ascertained furniture aold and .IHivcnd u,H,„ credit in reliance upon such agreement. Jonea V. Brewer, 1 N.B. Eq. 630. l<'«r if a contract b,; in other u^pecta good and lit to be per- lormed, and the consideration ha. Uh^h received, incapacity to pertorm .t at the time of ita execution H-ill be no anawer when the means ot doing 8o are afterwards obtained This is the rule, even when the assignment is one of a hope dependent on a chance, but capable of potential existence, au^ ^ t^e sale, b, « fisherman, of a cast of his net for a given price. Thus, an assignment or mortgage of non-e.xiating property (such factured (Cumm.ngs v. Morgan, 12 U.C.Q.B. 5€5). or that is thereafter to be made (Short v. Kuttan. 12 U.CQB 79) o^ -u.h stock as Should be purehased thereafter d.ring t e ;ur •"U-.V 01 the .nortgage (Joseph v. Webb, 1 V. & E. 2«2) Tr crops [«• IH. atterwards rai^d (Ora^ v. Austin. 7 Ont Xpp R On a contract or bill of sale purporting to assign goods to : TT" r /'^' '"*""• '" ''' ^'^ ^« «ufficienti?d!^C tre^ ; 'h"^^' "" "•^"'*'''"" '^- '''^ -"-' the enuitwf^ T Ub ;" oZr: '^ ''- •'"•^•^- --«-«• ^^ey Tre acquir^ Kiauoy V. Official Receiver (1888) 13 A P -,9i it . . 1 • A P Th ;'• ' •^'«'^""'ter V. Forsyth, 12 Can. SCR S"prem'e C^Z J^' cZf^r.'nl'. T' ^ ^^'' '^ 22 BI1.IJ< OK SAI.K AND rllATTKl, MORTOAOIM. 252). or unle- the buyer take, po-e-ion of t*;;™ "«;>" "" authority to ^\^e■. Hope v. Hayley (1856). 23 UJ.g.B. — • If the mortgage coven future acquin-d .tock, and there ui, under th. ternm of tin- n.ortKHKe. an implie.1 li.en«- to the .nort- KHgor to carry o» hi. buHi.u* and hMI the .tock. the bona Me purcha..™ fn,... .he -aort^a^or will ^-i a good tR e. not«r> h- atunding that the nmrtgage wa. duly regiatennl. h ul cpecially when the mortgage provide- that until default the n.ortgagor .hall Ix. entitUHl t.. make u«e of the .tock without hmdnu»«. or diaturbance by the mortga«ee; but if the ...ortgagor fra.Klulent- ly a.dl8 the gootla to bona fid, purrhaaen. not in the onlmary Ltm: of buaineaa, the mortga^.-e will Ik, entitled thereto, be- cau«- the rigirt of the mortgagor to deal with the good. .. aub- i,H-t to the implied condition tlwt the dealing ahall be n. the onlinary course of bu»ine« (National Mercantile Uank v. Hamp- Bon 5 Q.IU). 177; Walker v. Clay. 4!. L.Jr.l'. .-.«<>; Ddriek V Ariidown. ir. Can. S.C.R. 227. 242) ; but the goo,U to Ik- afl.r- warda acquired muat be in wme way apecifically dt^-rdn-d, for good, which are wholly undetermined, as. for instant. -. -xW my future pereonalty." will not pass aa future ac<|uir.'.l property: Tadman v. U'Kpineuil, 20 Ch.U. 7r,8; Lazarus v. Andrade. a C V 1) 318; IWding v. Read, 3 II. & €. 955. A clause in a bill of sale which purporte to inelu.le aftcr- ae<|uin-d property contVra aa to the latter a mor.. .H,uitable title which must give way to a legal title obtained bona fitk an.l with- out notice: Whvnot v. Meilinty, 7 D.L.R. 'il8, referring to llol- royd V. Mareball, 10 II.L.C. 1»1; lWv« v. Harlow. 12 ti.U.D. 43ti; WL-i- Imperial Hr.-w.-rs v. (Jelin. IH Man. 1..K. 2H:{. And, where a mortgage is made n\>oii the whole property. aaaeU, etc., of a company, prew-nt and future, except logs on th- way to the mill, such exception applies to auch logs aa may !«■ oa the wsy to the mill, not only at the date of the mortgage, but dso at any future time: Imperial I'aper Mills v. Quebec liank, . Where a mortgage not apecifically mentioning preaent or future book debu covcra the "undertaking . . , together with . . . incoinea and aourcea of money, righta. privileges ■ . h,.ld or i-njoyed by (the mortgagor) new or at any time pnor to the full payment of the mortgage," aueh knguage ia sufficiently comprehensive to civate an ofjuitable eliarge on pr,.- «'nt and future book debta of the trading corporation by which the „,oHgage was made: National Tru«t Co. v. Truata and (Juar- antee Co., 5 D.L.R. 459, 26 O.L.B. 279. The worda "in the ordinary courae of b.wineaa" h-ve an ""I»ortHnt aignifioance. for a mortgage,. „,ay often Ik- .lefeate.l m hia cla.m to goods, even au.-l. «a g^wing crops, by an n- strume^t .mpliedly licensing the mortgagor to carry on his onl- -nao' buainess, and that, notwithstanding the mortgage mav be registered. - An assignment of a man's stock-in-trade and e. ..ts «„ the farm, together with all the growing crops, an.l ot^er crops ijlueh at any time thereafter shonW be in or a.K>ut the same " will be a sufficently specifie deac-ription of the future crops ' I ! w il in •J4 HI1.1-K OK HAl.K AMI CIIATTKl, MdllTdAtttX in I* I i 1 li the fam to make the HNKi«i>in.nt a valid one in equity : Clement* V. Matthe*Ti, 11 Q.H.I> WW. Growing crop, aown by the penwn in poMcakion, and in- ten.led to U. reaped at iiiatiirity. Mug fruvtui indtalrialeB, are chattel* sizable under exeeulion, H..d the ownerriiip of them ia not an interert in land within the 4th ».h.. of the Statute of FraudM. They are bound by delivery to the aheriff of an exe- eulion HKainat the owner, and they muat e-iually In- bound by the mt of the owner. 'Hiey are not within the Re^iatry Act (Ont.) heeauae they an- ehattela, independently of the form of the agreement to trnnafer Mieiii and of the perio3; Carrington v. Roots, 2 M. & W. 248; S^iinsbury v. Matthews. 4 M. & W. 343; Warwick v. Bruce. 2 m * TUB WUIUECT-MATTEK. 25 M. & X. 203; Korlj.-.! v. Shattm-k, 22 Barb. ;.68; .Mumfor.| v. WhHm'y, 15 Wend. 387; Grew. v. Weld, 5 U. & A lO.",; Kvarw V. RobcTtH, 5 B. & ('. 829; Weatbrook v. Kager, hi S.JL. 81 Dunn V. Fergumon. 1 Hayea (Iriih) 542; Parker v. SUnilandi 11 Kaat .362), for at (•oinrnon law a growing crop, prodiiml by the l«»K)ur and exiK'nse of the occupant of landa, waa, a« the \ I n-prcacnfative of that I- independent of the 1, ley V. Holbrook, 4 irayen ( Irish) 54:' Frauda would a, ■, of tJie soil, a« ancc, lire an i ,'• 4th wciion <> J. 396; Crosby . • 2 M. & W. 248; Kodw«'il V. Phillipa, • > when the fruit or timl;- ■ I . r )i ■. I ' . '! '•'l.li w>. I t 'll V, ■ iP and cxpensi', eon»iden«d a chattel 4 V. Roberta, 5 B. & ('. 83ti; Kinjw- >una V. Ferjfuaaon, 1 'on of the Statute of the natural growth " I • .. and before aever- -111 embrace*! within the ■^' veil V. Boxall, 1 Y. & tioi Carrinjrton v. Roota. M.wpe 542, 2 B. & B. 97; -th thia exception that, .1 view to ita imaie; Wa«.,bourne v. Burrows, 16 L.J. Ex. 266, 1 Ex. 115- Wood- ruff v. Roberta. 4 La. ,27; Couch v. Smith, 1 M.. Ch 4m ; 4^8, ro<.k V. Steams. 11 Mass. :m. And so it is that, though h«y .s sometimes frurfu, naturaUs, vet an agn .„..„, ,,.t! «.e ,„nd,o.l and occupant that the haV shaU b^;. „" Z enables the occupant to make a valid tn.nsfer thereof bv w I a personal or chattel .nortgage; bnt the theon- that a mogag. .rass .s a mortgage of personal property does not p^va l «-».en It .s owned by one who owns the lands (Smith v .Tenkl m 26 BII.IJ* OK SAIX AND CHATTEL MORTGAOEa. Deuio N.Y. 580), aiid, if allowed to remain in the jxmemon and under the control of the vendor after severance, then the aUtu- tory nquimtes a. to bill* of wle muat be complied wit*: Ex parte National Mertjantile Bank, 16 Ch.D. IW; Steinhoflf v. McRae, 3 O.K. :>*«; McMillan v. McSherry, 15 Gr. 133. Minerala in the bed of the land is a part thereof and wiH pass as such with it in the absence of an express reservation to til.' contrary: Hobbs v. p::squimalt and Nauaimo R. To., 29 Can. SCR. 450. So the interest of a free miner in his mineral claim is an interest in land n-ithin the Statute of Framls: Stussi v. Brown, 5 B.C.R. 380. Like^'ise, is an interest in a timber limit: Hoeffl*'r V. Irwin, 8 O.L.R. 740. As to riffhts granted under a Crown license to cut timber in Ontario, see Hoeffler v. Irwm, 8 ().I..K. 740; Thomson v. IMayfair, t; D.L.K. 2«:<. -'(J O.L.R. «24. The gravel in a river bed is prinia facie part of the realty ; and in the aXm-nw of an actual severance with intention to Mi.ik,- the prav.'l a chattel by one having a right to do so, its original character will not be changed: Edmonton Concrete fo v. Cristall, 2 A.L.R. 409. Ki.xtures too, may or may not l)e within the operation of the Act. If a person remains in the possession of fixtures, he cannot plclg.- them. «. as to give a title to a mortgagee, except hy an instrument under tlie provisions of the statute: Ex parte lialglish. L.R. 8 ("h. 1072; B«'gbi'' v. Penwick. L.R. 8 Ch. 1075; Hawtry v. Butlin, L.R. 8 Q.B. 290. In tlic al>s<>ncc of evidence of a contrary intention, maciiines aflRx.> de- tached without iiLJury to the machines or to the freehold: but .similar pieces of machines standing on the fnH>holil, but not iiffixed except by belting for motive power, retain tlie character of ehalt.'ls notwithstanding that the work done by them is an csw'ntial process in the manufacture to which the fn-ehoM is THE SUBJECT-MATTER. 27 devoted: Sun Life v. Taylor, 9 Man. L.R. 89; Keefer v. Merrill, 6 A.B. (Ont.) 132. But a fastening by cleata affixed to the building only ami not afllxed to the machine except by being placed close against it, is not an affixing of the machine at all, and is not sufficient in itself to make the machine a part of the r«alty: Sun Life v. Taylor, 9 Man. L.R. 89, 101; Crawford v. Pindley, 18 Gr. 51. In order to ascertain whether or not a particular thing is a fixture, it is necessary to apply certain rules which the Courte have agreed upon in decided cases, and if the article in ques- tion is covered by these rules it is decided to be a fixture. These rules may be reduced to three, which r«iuire that the article under consideration shall Ixi: — (1) Actually annexed to the realty, or to something appur- tenant thereto. (2) Appropriate to the use or purpose of fhat part of the realty with which it is connected. (3) Intended by the party making the annexation to be a permanent accession to the freehold, and what that intention was in making the anue.xation is intVrrwl from the following facts: — (a) The nature of the article annexed. (b) The relation of the party making the annexation. (c) The structure and mode of annexation. (d) The purpose or use for which the annexafi..u luw been n.a.le: T.Hman v. Delacy, 80 Ala. 103; Capen v. Reckha.n, 35 tonn. 88; McRae v. Cent. Nat. Bank, 66 N.Y. 489; Potter v Cromwell, 40 N.Y. 287. The intention of the partita in dealing ^iM, the fixtures will d.H-Mde the.r cha^icter, and the circ-umstanees of how fixtures came to be placed on the realty, and what was inten.letl to be the.r use. r to Ik- in(|uire.I: Russell v. NVshit. 3 Terr LR 437 By ment of all parties interestwl in both the realty and the , s, things considered fixtures to the HNiltv „u,v become personal property: Smith v. Waggoner. 50 Wis l.)V % BII.UX l)F SAI.K AM* CIIATTKI. MOin'tl VOEh. 1 i OodaPd V. Gould, 14 Barb. (NY.) <1«2: (Soo,lii.!< v. Kilf.v. 50 N.H. 40<); Ree.1 v. Ik-lavance, (^K. lit K.IV :J«9. amruung ;J6 S.C.B. 392. The purposes to which preiuwn* liave bem applied should be n.garde.1 in diriding the object of the annexation of movabh- articles in permanent «tnieture«. with a view to aM-ertaum.^j whether or not tli.'.v thereby became li-xtures incorporated with the freehold; and where articles have l)een only slijfhtly affix.Hl but m a manner appropriate to their use and shewing an inten- tion of permanently affixing them with the object of enhancing the value of mortgaged premises or of improving their useful- iH-ss for the purposes to which they have been applied, there w>,uld 1.0 suffi.iint groun,l, in a .lispute In'tween a mortgagor and his mortgagee, for including that iK.th as l«. th.- d.-rnv iind object of tlie annexation they biH-ame parts of tlie realty: llHggerl V. Town of Brampton. 28 Can. S.C.R. 174. The onus of shewing the object of the annexation and th.- intention that it should iH'come part of the freehold lies upon klie party as- serting that they have ceaaed to be chattels: Bini; K.-e v Yick Chonir, 4-i ("an. S.C\K. :l:«4, Canada IVriiianent v. Merchants Bimk. :i .Man. L.K. 2(*.V .Mortgaged chattels afterwanls annex<>r| to th.' realty, may, m like manner, retain tlieir character as personal property, but it IS .s.s.iitiHl that they 1h' so iinnexed that they can be remove*! without serious damage to the freehold, and without substan- tially di-stroying their own .lualities or value; Ford v. Cobb, 20 N.Y. 344; Sisson v. Hibhanl. 75 N.Y. 542. But siiop iitliui.'s. <«.n.sisting of sh.lviiiir atfixed to the wall of ji biiiliiin.'.'. iM-iinr readily removal)). ■ without damage either to till- lilli.'g Ml- ilw Imildiiii:. and gas .ind .•j.-ctric light fittings. consisting of chanH, iwcrsiiig ■!'.) O.K. 21: .1. I. Cfiw Thresliing Madiine Co. v. Berard, 17 W.L.R. 91. Likewi*- buildings erecUHi by ii squatter on Crown lands become the pro- perty of the Crowii as part of the realty: Dixon v. Mackay. 21 -Man. L.R. 762. The tools and implements used for making maple sugar, consisting of vessels and utensils placed perman ently on the premises are held in Quebec to be immovable by destination: Pelo<|uin v. Bilo6. And to the like eJTect, see An IIIATTKI. MOKTUAliKS. 3 % \ 1 S I * 1 L.R. 3 E«|. ;W2; ("eiitral Branch R.W. Co. v. Fritz, 27 Am. Rop. 175. But where a perrou owns chattels, and annexes them to the hind of another, which he occupies as a trespasser, lie cannot afterwards Ik; licanl to claim that the chattels so an- nextnl arc not fixtures, so do not pass with the land to a pur- chaner or mortKMgec: Stevens v. Itarfoot, l\\ A.K. (Ont.) U6H. If partit>8 ari' not dealing with an inten-st in lami, the contract for the sale of fixtures will he a contract for the «ale of ehaftels, and the 17tli see. of the Statute of Frauds will apply to such a c(.ntriut: llallen v. Runder. 1 CM. & R. 2(J«; Wick v. llodR- son. 12 .Moo. 2i:t. The owner of land upon which tin-re an- Kx- tunvi. ha« the right to sever the fixtures I'mm the tr.-ehnld. iiinl a inortj.'it«t< l)y him u|>on the fixtures will not l)e prejudiced by a subsequent mortfrage of the land: Rose v Hope. 22 r.C.C.P. 4H2; Re Kslick. 4 Ch. D. •')<>:!: Stev.iis \ Uarf.M)!. 1! A R. (Ont.) 3(j6; Corcoran v. Webster, 50 Wi«. 12.') Hut a chattel niorfjtajp- on dv facto fixtures, althougli duly filetl. win not prevail as against a aul)«e<|uent pureliawr or mort- gaiK-e of the land under registen'd conveyances witliout notice of the prior chattel mortgage: Bacon v. Rice Lewis. Xi ('.I,..l 6Htt. And stH' aHicle on ■Fixtures" in :t:i Cli. .1. 412. as to tlic effect of Ilobson v. Gorringt», |1'''»7| 1 Ch. 1H2. in Ontario. A mortgage*' <»f land will not losi- the licnofit of his realty mortgage by taking in the same transaction a <'haftel mortgage on the fixtures: per Hagiirty. ('..I.O.. Strvciis v. |{iirrt. M A.R. Ont.) ;)»;♦), at MW). Till' mere expression liy the owiier of an intention to sever a fixture fniin the freelu.M and sell it to another, evm if com- municated to one who fK>coitie8 a suliwiiuent pun-haser of the freclioKI. will not ojienife to convert the fixture into a chattel or to alter its character in any way; and in the alwcnee of any reservation in the conveyiiiic<' cvcrythinir attached to the free- hold |>as8C8 to the pupchawr: .Minhinnick v. Joily, 2!) O.R. 2:{H. Hence the making of a document in the form of a chattel mort- ^.Mi.'c i>n ;i buildiiiir and certain iiiaehinery used then-with as i THE SUBJECT-MATTER. 31 appurtenances to land or h8 cagements tJierrto, does not change the character of the property into personalty against the maker wlio wraa the owner in possession so as to enable him to sue the inortiraRw in detinue or replevin for an allejp'd unlawful tak- ing of posseflsion by the mortgagee: Stimson v. Smith (1889^, 1 Terr. L.R. 183. It was formerly the law that where a person sells chattels to the owiHT of the soil on an agreement that their character as personal piop.'rty Ls not to t)e clianged, and takes a chattel mortjfap- or li.n then-on to s.^ur.- the i)urfha8e money, a prior mortk'Ajr.-.- of (h,. fn'.-liol.i ,-,.tii(l not chiiin them as subject to 1ms morttfajrc. although they ar.' sul>sequTOtIy annexed to the freehold; and upon faihir- to pay tli.. chattel mortgage the chattel mortgaK..e or vendor was entitled to their delivery: Tift V. Morton, .">;} \.V. :!77 ; (ioddar.1 v. Goul.l. 14 Barb 662- ^ro^t v. Palmer. 1 N.Y. .V54, 111 Ontario, however i, has In^n .-nacted by statute that wh-fH i:,m,ls which are the .si.hJH.t of a '.•ondition sale" have lKM.n affixed to realty they shall remain snl..j.ei to the rights of the .soller or lender as f.dly as they were before being so a(Bx..d but the „„-ner of such realty or any purchaser or anv mortgaged or other eueund)rancer then-of shall hflve the right as against the seller or lender or other person claiming through or under h.m to n>tain the i,oo,1s upon payment of the amount owin? on them: :. Edw VII. ,()nf.) .-h. 13. sec. 14, 1 Oeo. V. Ont eh 30. sec. 0. If the intention of the ,„,p,i,.,, as shewn by the tepr„« „f ,i,^ instrument, is that fixtures should pa«8 with, and as p«,-, „r ,h,. fm.hol,I, then registration of a mortgage, as .i ehattel mort- gage. IS not ne,^^Mary to pa.ss the interest in fixtures fl.xed to the sod: Sheffield v Harrison, l,-> q.lUX 3.->8: Potts v V T Ar,,,.. To.. 2 r,n>en I'N'.J,) '.m. ' A building erected by one pen- will alao paaa with the realty, .'s the key of a door paaaes with the sale of a house: Sheffield V, Harrison, 15 Q.B.D. 358; Ooldie & McCuUough Co. v. Hewson, 35 X.B.R 349. Coal towers forming part of a coal plant and dependent on the power house for power, are immovable objects by ilestina- tion, alUiough they may be movwl over a short distance on tracks built for the purpose: Que. C.C. 379; Nova Scotia Coal and Steel Co. v. City of Montreal, 3 D.L.R. 750. Hut although the parties to a n-al estate mortgage may agree that all building material brouglit upon the mortgaged lands shall In- deow.T is also jriven to sell the n.alfrial separately from the laiul it will Ih' deemed, as to it, a mortgage of chattels: Clinip.soii v. <'..le8. •-':{ Q.U.l). 4(15. 25 C.L.-l. 5ltl. Kveii Hxture.H i.f a nature that tli.> v.-ii.lor mitst have known „nist i..H-.-.ss«rilv hr l.uilt into and »«-.(.ni.- part of tii.- buiidint:, 1,0.,.. the 1..S8 iTtain their eharaeter of .-hattel property in favour of a vndor th.-rrof who retaiiuMl in himself the rijrht of pro- i h i 3-. mmp(- A ---* -1 3 THE SUBJECT-MATTER. 33 perty in the fixture., and thi. will apply «, ,^^, , ,.„,,„^ Xo Bhom the vendee of the fl,tuP«i has .urrendeml the lea«, by til. ; t ■ ^^T ""' ^^"^'"^ "P°" '""^ '«•• *'"' P^'Tose of trade and manufacture, b,.i„^ pl„ee.i thore for the It^Tand IZ:7T T'""* "^^ ''' '""•'' '^"' p- «-^^" "'*■ ^- VF .R. .149 . but not «, ,f ,,,• «„ ,,„i,.p ^ „.^,„,, ^. .■n ion of th,. parti.. (Wnt.rfall v. IVniatono. « E. & B 7 ««.! so trannvays in a ...in., hav. bo..n h.-I., to b.. fixtuns nd' .;-• «r.. not ..istrainab,..: Turner v. Ca.neron. L.R. ,, ^n ^ ^M. re ,n a mort.a.e of Jan., ,b.. „,ort^a.or. after .ran.in, the '-'-•. also ad.led. "together with the .nilla. buildinj^ , m -...u... .not.ve power, plant, tixed an.l movable .0^;,.!^ v .n de.s<.r,pt,o„. now or a, ,,ny tim.- hereaft.-r tixe., to Z ::r- - - —rj";:';: ; irr : ""■"• ""•■ '■»■ "•■"'I' Hi" W. m,v V .u,.,.li:, °, r en.,, „ M::r,i,:°:;;,;rzH;:°;';',,;:;":" r ""•'■ }—mtu.s or B4ie. ..'Bsier.Q^ ■rStf • I 1 \ i \ ^ ' ! ! i 34 BILLS or 8.VLE AND CHATTEL MOWTOAOra. of the identical logi mortgaged: Wfcite v. Brown, 12 U.C.Q.B. 477. A mortgage of leather cut and prepared for the manufac- ture of .hoea, eovem .hoe. gubwquently made from it by the mortgagor: Putnam v. Cuahing, 10 Gray (Ma«i.) 334. A mort- gage of cueumbeni. at the time in bulk an.l in aalt. rover, them after they have been greened and bottled, though the bottle, and vinegar were not included in the mortgage: Crcby v. Baker, 6 Allen (Maaa.) 295. A mortgage of an unttniahed locomotive cover, the addition, made to it by the mortgagor, although th? additions were not included in the mortgage ; Kx parte Ame^ 1 Lowell 561. And hy way of accretion abw, a mortgage of rolling stock of a railroad coven, repair, and improvementa thereof: Hamlin v. Jerrard, 72 Me. 62. A Mle of logs neccMarily carries the deaU. and boards into which part of tl.em had l)een manufactured, and, therefore, are not subject to attachment l.y ex.n-ution creditor, of the seller: King v. Duprois dit (lillH^-rt, 2« fan. S.C.R. 388; White V. Brown, 12 U.C.Q.B. 477. But low are not within the pur- view of a chattel mortgage covering all lumber which might at any time be brought on the premises: MerchanU Bank of Halifax V. Houston, 7 B.C.K. 4(ir,. The transfer of hotel premises and contents as a ^'oing eoneem will 1m- pn-sumwl to include quantities of wood an.l ice kept on the hotel premises and aUo the focnl supplies. Hlo.n.iuist v. Tymehorak, 6 D.L.R. 337, 22 W.L.R. 2<».'). A chattel mortgage covering a si.H-k in trad.- and book debts includes the book debts originally assigned to the mortgagor by the person from whom they wen- purchase,! : Kobinstm v. Kiup.-y, 10 B.C.H. 4»i6. But a desi-rip- tion of "iM office fixtures, lamps, desks, chairs, furniture, 8tationrr>- and all u^^oils. chattels an.l efT.^-t>* now in Uie store and otRee of the mortgagor," will not include a safe, the gen eral words being restricts by the preceding word.: Goldie v Tavior. 2 Terr. L.R. 29f>. Nor are kitchen supplic and uten8il^s p.irt of « plant, materials or other thing, provided for th.' work (lanev v. Urand Trunk I'ae. R. Co., 15 B.C.R. 4".>7 THE HUBJECT-M ATTU. 35 "S«.uriti«i for raonoy" will inclu.le poH,.,.. of ia.unince: Lea V. (Jorrie, 1 C'.L.J. 76; Lawrauce v. (iakworthy, 3 Jur. 1(M9 ^Vhe^e a mortgage i> made to aerure bouda upon the whole property, u^t,. etc., of a company. pre«.nt and future, ex- cept log. on the way to the mill, auoh exception applie. to auch log! a. may be on the way to tne mill, not only at the date of the mortguKe. but «l«, .t „ny future time. Imperial Paper Mill. V. Quebec Bank, 6 D.L R. 475. 3 O.W.N. 1544. 26 OLR ft37 iiJtr''T "' " "'"' *'" '"'"' " '»'" '" *^"""-' «t the .me th.. mortgag.. waa given: Gunn v. Burgea,, 5 O.K. 685; compare II,r«.hfield v. City of Halifax, 22 N.S.R. 52- «.J Dem..« V. Graham. 36 Mont. 402. 14 L.R.A. (NS.) 431. The right of poM..«..on of .he foal follow, the da... fo. the rea«.n that L CaLT"; n^I'Mr' '° "^ "^'"-"'-^ ^"^-P"- V- Mehol«,„. „, r ■• *"• ^'^^ ' ""^ ^"""-""-^ '^' i'>«'^««' of all tame and dona^fe a„i.„ala will be covered by a mortgage of th u..„a.a th.....Hv..H: Roper v. Scoti. 16 Ma... UH. 'h ll'l ^- )ovl... 43 l-.c.y.H. 442; For.uan v. Proctor 9 B. Mon. (Kj.) 124. McCar.y v. Hlcvins. 5 Yen.. (W ) lO". Hug^a^^Grav.. 1 Litt. (Ky.) 317; Xi.holsT v! Te.:,!,.^^ The "increaae of animal." has be.-n hold to mean U.e natural cdf to fn^ , ' '"" ^'"'•'"^' "'''^'•' '' i« "-«««0- for the . 47 K,: ^•°^/-,--- (Winter v. Lan^henV *ow.l 4(1; Kellog v. LoVf V 46 \li,.l, iqi^ , , ' '>v fxpre-w fpriiia \„i •» 1 ■ lovtm such increaae ^ uie mortgagor, while .n nnmouinn »i r Ji ! : 1 ! 36 BIIA* OF SALE AND CHATTEL MOOTOAOIM. If 8 mortgatror no ttinfiMM the mortgaged jjoodi with hU own that th.-v paniiot be diitingwUh.-!. and refuae. to aeparato them, the mortgagee may take all audi gooda without becoming a tr^pa-er: Fulh-r v. I'aige, 26 III. ;?.>8; Burn. v. Campbell, 71 Aki. 271 ; KLming v. Graham, M Mo. App. 160. But where a plaintiff own.d a atock of g«Kl» and aome furniture, and ahop flxturea, and aold out to S., taking a «h8ttel mortgage aa wjcunty, and S. fontinu.-*! the ImsiniHMi and brought in other gootla. untd, becoming involved, he abeconded. and the al.eriff. upon an fltt«.-hiii.-nt lH-in« plflc'd in hia hands, h.iz.hI the property in the store, it was held that the Koods bt-ing of auch n nntun- a» could easily be di-tingiiiah.-il. the sheriff waa liable for trespass (Boys V. Smith. 8 V.VXW. 27; Bell v. Ufferty, 3 Terr. L.R. 2^V^), hut if th." iMortgajri- !>*• of a certain uumb«-r of articles of furnitur.', not particularly distinguishe.!, in a hou.-w, wherein there an- other /.rtieles of the aame kind Wlonuing to the mort- gacor. til.. inort>rngee may select from the whole, although as against judguinit creditors the inortgat'.- mik'ht Ik- void : Call V. Gray, 37 \.1I. 428. To transfer the rijrht of property in a chattel, the chattel must iH' ascertained and identiHed at the time of the transfer: Snell V. lleighton, 1 C & K. 'X>; CamplH-11 v. Mersey Docka, etc.. 14 C.B. 412; Jenner v. Smith, L.R. 4 C.V. 270. For in- stance, it is said that, if 1 have two or more l)ooks that can be distiuguishtHl from the n-st, and I grant one or more of them, the ^'rant is ^rootl for this, that it ia certain what thing is Krante-l (l.iinu v. Thornton. 1 C.B. 379; (}ale v. Burnell. 7 OH. "''O, 1 1 l-.J.*i H. '540; Kohinson v. Maedoiull. •> Man. & Sel. 22bJ ; and if a man have five horses in his stable, and he gives to nic one of \n> horses in stable, now 1 shall take which of tlie horses I will . llarcling v. Coiburn. 12 Met. 3:{3 ; Smith v. McLean. 24 Iowa 322), because the horse given is easily separable from the others; and w) a mortgajre of two bales of cotton out of a growing crop, will be goo at.U .„ T.'. pre„,i«.., and he might have performed hia contract with the plaintiff, by aupplyin^ any other oat. of the ^me quahty and an.ount,- .So when- « tranafer wa. made of 00 tona of coal, aa ac-nirity for an endon^-nicnt, and the trana- feror, whde he had a certain lot of coal lying on the wharf, .uppo«,.l ,0 cH,ntain that <,uantity, had in reality only 7« .ona. Hut t e trana er waa not confined to thia lot. but wa. of 100 ton., the tranateror having more in hi. yard; it w«« held that the property .n the coal, in the yard had not paaacd for the nuantuy tranafern-d had not been appertained or .^p« .t d K o-T ,V'"""' "' '■■*'■''• -''■• •'^"••" ^- "-•■•""■- 1 «■ & 1«0 l.n.heL, of wheat doe. not operate a. an i,„„.eRT(!AGES. Statutes relating to bills of sale and mortgages of personal property have no application. Under these statutes it is only so far as the inten-st of creditors, subsequent purchasers, and mortgagees in good faith of the bargainor or mortgagor is con- cerned, that the debt or consideration presents subject-matter for discussion. As between the immediate parties to the instru- ment, the law remains the same as it was without these statutes, and in those cases wherein the statutes have no application in relation to creditors, subsequent purchasers and mortgagees in good faith of the bargainor or mortgagor, the law respecting the debt or consideration is in no way governed by these statutes. A voluntary consideration will not, of itself, mako a deed void: Holmes v. Penny, 3 K. & J. 90; Thompson v. Webster, 7 Jur. N.S. 531. Lord Hatherley in Freeman v. Pope, 5 Ch. App. 528, at 540, said: "Persons must be just before they are generous, and debts must be paid before gifts can be made." Hence, a mortgagor cannot convert an act of gratitude towards his blood relatives into a past debt in support of a mortgage on his chattels as against creditors who hold just claims founded on valuable consideration. A bill of sale founded on a voluntaiy consideration may yet be good ; but if the bargainor be indebted at the time it was exe- cuted, it Avill be deemed fraudu^ut. To be other than volun- tary, the consideration must be valuable; hence services ren- dered, though beneficial and deserving reward, if they do not form a ground for a legal claim, will not suffice to support a bill of sale: Peacock v. Monk, 1 Ves. 131 ; Penhall v. Elwin, 1 Sm. &' G. 268. A binding contract arises from the performance, by a woman, of household work, for a man in consideration of his promise to make her a testamentary gift of all his property: Legeas v. Trusts and Guarantee Co., 5 D.L.R. 389 ; see also McGugan v. Smith, 21 Can. S.C.R. 263; Kinsey v. National Trust Co., 15 Jlan. L.R. 32. THE CONSIDKRATION. 43 Natural love and affection, not being a valuable considera- tion, will not suffice to support a bill of sale against creditors. Hence, a bill of sale by a fanner to his sons, of his live and dead stock, in consideration of natural love and affection, will be an invalid transfer as against the creditors of the parent: Jlatthews v. Feaver, 1 Cox 278; Raichlin v. Katz (Man.), 16 W.L.R. 1. Under a family settlement, mere inadequacy of consideration is not sufficient ground to set aside a transfer from a debtor to a third person under the statute 13 Eliz. ch. 5, unless there is sueh inadequacy as to induce the presumption of collusion, or such, in fact, as might have invalidated the sale as between the vendor and purchaser without the interposition of creditors: Jack V. Kearney, 10 D.L.R. 48 ; Jack v. Kearney, 4 D.L.R. 836, reversed. Services rendered by a child during minority may constitute a consideration in support of a transfer by the parent to the child as against the creditors of the parent : Jack v. Kearney, 10 D.L.R. 48; Jack v. Kearney. 4 D.L.R. 836. reversed. An agreement to support a gr;..icur and his wife during their lives may constitute, as against the grantor's creditors, a consid- eration upholding a conveyance under a family settlement: Ibid. The Courts in construing the Statute of Elizabeth (13 Eliz. eh. 5), have held it to include deeds made without consideration, as being prima facie fraudulent as against creditors. Marriage is a valuable consideration, and is the highest consideration recognieed by law. A marriage contract differs somewhat from other agreements; for as soon as the marriage is made the estate and capacities of the persons nre altered; and as children are usually provided for, they become pur- chasers equally, under the settlement, with theij- parents, and are entitled to enforce their rights, although all the named contracting parties to the settlement agree in disregarding it: Leys V. MePherson, 17 U.C.C.P. 266, at 274; Lloyd v. Lloyd, 2 ''I' I 1 1. • i .< i ! 1 ini 44 BII.I> oy SALE AND CHATTEL MORT(lA\v M. & Cr. IW; Kanclirt" V. Ashl.'V. U Atk. tilt). A bill of .salt' upon u t'oiisi(k'ration of iiiarri.iKi' is a valid instrumout within tlii' Act ( Leys v. MolMifrsou, 17 r.L'.C.l". 2tj6), when the settlement is ante-nuptial, and providinjf the consideration thereof is truly expressed : Saskatchewan Lumber Co. V. Midland, 1 S.L.K. 412. In Campion v. Cotton, 17 Ve<*. 271, one I. L., a trader, in nn ante-nuptial settlement, declared that in consideration of marriage he settled to the sole and sep- arate use of his intended wife, goods, household furniture, jewels, etc., which it was recited were possessed by the intended wif.-. I. 1.. dii'd. and a bill was filed by creditors a','ainst the executor and widow, aUeging that the recitals in the deed of settlement were false and untrue, and praying that the same might be declared fraudulent and void upon the ground that I. L. had no property of liis own, and that the property com- prised in the .settlement was placed there for the purpose of defeating liis creditors. Sir W. Grant, .M.R., in his judgment said: 'It is clear that supposing the whole to have been I. L.'s property, he might have settled it upon his marriage. Accord- ing to the cases decided at law, even the movable effects might be so settled, and neither the joint possession whieh I. L. had of the furniture, nor the want of an inventory, would invalid- ate the settlement. It is clear also, that the fact of his Ixsing indebted at the time, and of his intended wife knowing him to be so, would not aft'ect its validity. Then, assuming the false- hood of the declaration that the property had been purchased with the money of the intended wife, will that circumstance prevent her aeipiiring as against him, and those claiming under him, all the rights which the settlement acknowledged her to have, and professed to secure to her? I apprehend it to be clear that the husband not only could not controvert her right to any part of the property, but was compellable to do whatever acts might be necessarj* to invest her with a complete title to it. He expressly covenanted to do so, and the marriage was a suffi- THE CX)XSinERATI.>N. 45 cient consi(K>ration for thf covi-nant. Then how is it fraiiilulint Egainst the creditors,' The utmost they can make of the false- hood in the dwd is that the proju-rty w.is iu truth M.'-. L.'s, though it was asserted to be hers; but if he t-ould setik- this propi-rty, and has done wliat bound him to irive a tith- to it, Mipposinir it to Ix- iiis, how are tliey advaiiet-d by -•stabli^hiu.' that fact ? . . . I do not ihink tiiiit it i.in be intVrred fruii thi- i'vi(b'nee that she knew In- was in siich firciiiiistani-c as to makf his Iwunty to ln-r a fraud upon any on.-'*: 17 V.-s. Ji;4: see Kcvan v. Crawford, b ('h.D. l".i: Wriirht v. Hn.:i-_>: .see Saskatchewan Luiiibfr Co. v. .Mirlumd. 1 S.L.R. 412. A continued indebtedness or liability is .i L'ood .oiisidera inn. "and till' ratio of the consideration to the value oi the jiro- ]>erty mortj.M^'ed is of no cunseiiuence. >,. nu- iis concerns the validity of the transaction": .Icwett v. Warri-n. 12 .Mass. -UHK A client's indebtedness to an advocate for j>rofessional ser- vices already rendered is a good consiileration for a eiiatte] mort<,'af:e: Smith. v. MacKay, :J Terr. L.R. 102. Altliouijrh an erroneous statement of the amount of tiie con- sideration docs not invalidate the instrument, an indebteijness of .some amount must be .stated in order to sat'sty the Act: therefore a mortgage, wherein the consideration is ••tlu- full sum of the indebtedness now existing or liere.iftei- to be eon- tracteil" is void for the reason that the affidavit of ho„a fhl,s must state that the mortgagor is justly ami truly imlebted to the mortgagee in the sum mentioned in the mortgage, which would not be possible if the mortgage does not state any in.lebt- edness: Stevens v. Barfoot, 13 A.R. (Ont.) 3G6: .Mclntyre v. I'nion Hank. 2 .Alan. L.R. .30.j; Robinson v. Mann. 31 Can. S.C. H. 484. .iftirming in result 2 O.L.R. 63. If tlie omLssion to state the true consideration is made with the purpase of deceiving, then of course the element of fraud IS found in the transaction, and the mortgage becomes void on that account: but fraud may exist without beinsr discovered, and thus the expres.s purpose of a statute, pas.scd for the pro- U J Li* ij tl'ii. ;'i| I i'iil:, 1 f Fl f i ^i 46 BILUi or SAI^ AND CHATTEL MORTOAOES. tection of crtHlitora, may bo dettroyed by an incorrt'et state- I'.H-nt of the coiwiileration, purposely made to deceive and mw- lead: Palmer v. May, 18 W.L.K. (Saak.) 676; I'atteraou v. Pul- mer, 19 W.L.R. 422; Boldriek v. Ryan, 17 O.A.R. 253. In the absence of frauustain a iiutrt- gage: McGillivray v. Reefer, 4 U.C.Q.B. 342. An undertaking to accept payment of a debt at a future (late, and give time in the meanwhile to a mortgagor (Morton v. Bernard, Vaux. 7 A. & E. 19), and the abandoning a suit in- stituted to try a question respecting which the law is doubtful, are each a good consideration for a mortgage for a stipulated sum: Longridge v. Dorville, 5 B. & -Vld. 117; Llewellyn v. Llewellyn, 15 L.J.Q.B. 4. The .snspen.iinn or witlidrawal of an execution against the TUE CONSIDERATION. 47 i 4 3 I I I good! of a uiortjra»for or a third i)i'nion forms a sufficient cou- aideration for a mortgage (Sugars v. Brinkworth, 4 L'aiup. 4G; Road V. Jones, 1 Doug. (Midi.) 188; Radford v. Smith, 3 M. & W. 254, Cowp. 12!>; Atkinson v. Bayntun. 1 Bing. 444.. >iiut an agreement not to foreclose a mortgage is a good con«id.'ia- tion for a secon.l mortsrage on tlie same property: Andus v. Nel- son, (54 Barb. 362. Pretended rights and claims which are void in law or e.|uity will not supply a Vi li.l consideration. A release of all inti-rest in an e.state, reserving a lien for a debt, by a person wlio in fact had no interest except the lien, was held to be no consideration for a promi.se to pay the debt: Kaye v. Dutton (1844), lU L.J. C.P. 183, 7 Man. & G. 807. Tlie givins? up of a security for a debt, after the creditor lias released the debt, is no consideration to the debtor; because tlie creditor has no longer any right to retain it: Cowper v. Green (1841), 10 L.J. E.x. 346, 7* .M. & W. 633. So fjri)earaucc of suit where there is no cause of action or no party liable to l)e sued is no consideration; as forbearing to .sue an heir on tlie lH)n.l of his ancestor in which he was not hound (Barl)er v. Fox (1670), 2 Wms. Saund. 418); forbear- ance by the as-si-nee of a bon.l, upon whieli by reason of e.iuities subsisting between the obliiror and the a.s.signor he has no riu'ht to sue: Graham v. Johnson (1869), 38 L.J.C. 374, L.R. 8 P:.|. 36. Forbearance by a creditor to sue the debtor upon the latter's promise to give security for an existing debt prevents the trans- action from being nudum pactum: Alliance Bank v. Broom, 2 Drew. & .Sm. 28!». This will also apply to a receiver, who, un.ler authority of Court to enforce claims in behalf of creditors, grants the debtor an extension of time in which to pav the d.'bt- AVillatts V. Kennedy. 1 M. & Scott 35. But the extension of an option is not enforceable unless sup- ported by an additional consideration to that for which the op- tion was given: Archdekin v. McDonald, 1 D.L.R. 664; Adam- son V. Vachon, 8 D.L.R. 240. A promise for the surrender of a lease at will is not a sutfi- m ^ h \i 48 BIM-H or HAI,K AND CIIATTEI. MOKTllAllKH. fient coiMitlcrHtion, for tlif Iciwor niiirht dt'tprmin** the leaw at niiy iMOMU'iil, iitilfHN thcri" wim ti tlouitt whclhiT it wan n U-tua' nt will or for ycarH. Hence, the jriving up of a t|iic«tionMhlt' riirht is a sufHi'ient consiilcration to Huppnrt a ohattt'l mortjra^. Any act of tlu' mortKaK«'e, however, from whieh the inorttfaifor ilerives a lieneMf or advantajre, or any labour, detriment, or ineoiivenir enee Huatained liy the inorttrairee. is a suffleient eonsideration to support H iiiorttraire; Munn v. Ouy, 4 Kast 100; Lonfrridire v. Dorville, 5 B. & Aid. 117. A bond fi>h coinpromiae of a real claim is a ffood considera- tioi!, whether the claim would have been sueee-wful or not; Greenwood v. Bancroft, 2 D.L.R. 417, followinjr Cnliisher v. Risehofr«heiin, L.R. 5 Q.H. 440; see also Brandon Electric Liirht Co. V. Brandon. 1 D.L.R. VX\; Cook v. Wright, 1 B. & S. .=i.')f); Oekford v. Barelli, 2.') L.T. oOi; Miles v. New Zealand Alford Estate Co.. 32 Ch.D. 2Gfi. Thouffh forbearance is t'enerally a jrood consideration as lu'tween the parties to an instnmient, it sometimes fails, as be- tween creditors, or an nasitmee in insolvency. In Ex parte <'i)oper, H»t bill of sal,, wan invali.l: Kx part.. S,..v..„«. L.R. 20 r»<|. lob. ThiH ,,ri„dpl,. will, of eours,. operat,. ..onv..rH..|y wh-r- the h.ll of Hal.. .« „,„.,.. by „ third party for the purpos.. of .u,p..,u,. m.' ex.Tut,on aKain.t the judgment .iebtor: Ba.lfor.l v. S,„ith :i >i & W. 2o4; Atkinson v. Bayntun, 1 Hinij. 444 Hut the consi.leration for a mortgage will fail if i, i« „„. abandonment of « suit where the mortgag.. has no ea„«e of "<"on, for instance, where the question to be tried is one re- «p.-ct.ng whK.h the law is certain, and the n.ortgagor could ■n no event be made liable: Wade v. Simeon. 15 L JC P lU C.ra am V. Johnson. L.K. 8 E„. -Ml; Longrid^. v. Dorvill..; 5 h' A^ Aid. 11.. Forbearance to sue is no co,u.i.ler«ti.,„ wher.. cl..«rlv h.r.- was ongn.ally no cans.- „f ,.,.,i..,.. „„,,, , , , ,, ••■»; LongrKl^e v. Dorville, 5 H. & Al.l 117 If a party is illegally arrested, his r..I..„.s.. is no consi.leration 'he payment of c^ostn m a criminal pro<....xling. bv a person HUleration and voul. because M.e officer has no authority to take •on. 1, K«„s. 2!»4; ..l„h,.r v. ()-(),.h.1v 4 I U ,, ,. J' Krunton, 24 rcOB io.. u . "*= ^"'■'' '• bailitr n,U : "' " •''^'''"'•''>' i»'Ie.nnifving a hHtr making seizure .s valid: Robertson v. Hroadfoot, il I .C. Q M. 40.. ^here the consideration is ill..^al as against public ■• — BILLS • ii r.k- f^ 50 BILUS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. i I policy, the mortgage is void, as, for instance, when the real con- sideration is to secure a member of the legislature to vote in a particular way: Marshal v. Baltimore & Ohio R.R. Co., 16 Howard (U.S.) 314; Pingry v. Ashbum, 1 Aik. (Vt.) 264, 15 Am. Dec. 676; Usher v. McBratney, 3 Dill. (U.S.) 385; Reed v. Pepper Tobacco Warehouse Co., 2 110. App. 82; Spalding v. Ewing, 149 Pa. 375; Houlton v. Nichol, !)3 Wis. 393; Richard- son V. Scotts Bluff County, 59 Neb. 400 ; see also note to Houlton v. Dunn (Minn.), 30 L.R.A. 737. But money advanced by railway promoters to a member of Parliament by way of compensation in respect of the damage that mj./ be done to his land by reaaon of a railway passing through it, and that he sl.^yuld therefore not oppose the passing of the bill to establish the railway, is, in the absence of corrupt motive, a valid consideration: Simpson v. Howden (Lord), 9 CI. and F. 61; Shrewsbury (Earl) v. North Staffordshire Ry., L.R. 1 Eq. 593, 613; see Can. €r. Code (1906), sec. 156; s.,- also Taylor v. Chichester, etc., R. Co., L.R. 4 H.L. 628, reversing 16 W.R. 147; Edwards v. Grand Junction Ry., 7 Sim. 337; Vaux- hall Bridge Co. v. Spencer, Jac. 64. Wliere both parties enter into a contract from an improper and illegal motive, then that motive becomes the real cause of the contract and is therefore illegal: Bedard v. Phoenix Land and Improvement Co. and Drolet, 8 D.L.R. 686, 43 Que. P.C. 50; Gaslight and Coke Co. v. Turner, 5 Bing. 666, affirmed 6 Bing. 324. Hence, where a contract or an instrument which fails in a Court of law by reason of its illegality, it will not be enforced in equity because money has been paid and received in respect of it. Equitable terms can be imposed on a plaintiff seeking to set aside an illegal contract as the price of the re- lie*' he asks; but as to any claim sought to be actively enforced, the defence of illegality is as available in a Court of equity as it is in a Court of law: Re Cork and Youghal Ry., L.R. 4 Ch. 748; Thomson v. Thomson, 7 Ves. 470; Roche v. O'Brien, 1 Ball. & B. 338. vn THE CONSIDERATtOK. 5j A promise to forbear from bidding at a public .sal..; securitv to a magistrate .by a supposed o^-ner for the restoration of stolen g«. ., , ij.-o.v.i. 4u, LlarU v. Ilagar, 22 Can. S.C.R. .510 affirming 20 A R iqs '>i n n o- t O.R. ..30. .30 O.R. 220, following Ravvlings v. Coal Consumer^' A^aat,on (1874), 43 L.J.M.C. Ill; Windhlll Local Board of ent 11 "«.«'-.'' '''•''■ '''-' ''""'•^ '■ -^f-i-eth«hire Perman- ent Benefit Bu.2d.ng Society, [1891] 2 Ch. 587; People's Bank of Hahfax V. Johnson, 20 Can. S.C.R. 541; Miller v. Moore 17 and Clark v. Hagar (supra), Chipman v. Whitman, 11 E.L.r' T^lTu^^T'^' '' "^"^ '•^- '''' '^^^ Q-- - ^r^Nutt, T l-*'^y«K.gg,„ V. McCone, 16 Que. S.C. 126; Byron v Tremaine, 31 N.S.B. 425. So the services of a physician unlicensed to practi.se are illegal : Rugg V. Lew.s, 1. Que. S.C. 206. Likewise services for the pro .ure,....„t o a public office: Belize v. Godbout, 40 Qu Sr 6 ; .ckan V. Bonnar, Peake 289; Stackpole v. Earle, 2 Wils' we!l 4 v:f;r ^"^"^^'' ' «™- ^-^^ ^^^^ ^^-t-" v. Hart: in. Craig^llachie v. Bigelo.. S^^S^^s^^^ ^^2 S"" aet.on .s .n furtherance of gambling or wage, or manipu, t.^s l.y chance or margins: Wilks v. Matthews, 7 DLR 395 Z 'l"is V. Cantin, 42 Que SC 1 ■ r -i ■ . ' ' ^' n ^- ^ ^ • ^"- JL. Assoc.ation de St Jem Bapfste, etc. v. Brault, 30 Can. S.C.R 598 S.m,larly, where the object aimed at is the formation of a Hi ! I' Ij ' BII.I.S OK S.M.K AND CIlATTKl. MOUTdAliK.S. : I I i { I > i combination or conspiracy to destroy all ctiinpclilion in any trade or business in an unreasonable nuinner: Consinners' Cord- age Co. V. Connolly, ;n Can. S.C.K. 244; Hadische Anilin Kal)rik V. Scbott, |18!)2| ;t Cli. 447; Wanl v. liyrne, ."» M. & W. 548; Allsopp V. Wheatcroft, L.H. !.'> K«|. '>!); Ilinde v. (iray, 1 Man. & O. 105; Mallan v. May. 11 M. & W. ^:>.i: Maker v. Iledn.ciH-k. ;{!) Ch. 1). 520; IVrls v. Saalfeld, il8!t21 2 ('b. 14!t; Duviex v. Davifs, :5f) Ch.l). :{.J!». Hut a restraint limited to a particular locality wberein tiie business is carrieil on for tbe purpose of obtaining tlie commodi- ties at cbeaper prices is not void at common law: Weidman v. Shragge, 2 D.L.R. IM, 4(> Can. S.C.H. 1. reversing 20 Man. L.K. 178; Collins v. Locke, |187!>] 4 A.C. <)74; Mogul Steam- ship Co. V. McGregor, |18!)2| A.C. 2.'); Nortlenfeldt v. Maxim- NordenfeUlt & Co.. |1S!)4| A.C. .'):{.'); Kllimaii v. ( arringt(ui, 119011 2 Ch. 275; Ke.\ v. dage, 18 Mau. L.R. 17,"). A security to indemnify bail against tbe consccpiences of tbe non-appearance of the accused, even though the latter committed no default, is against public policy and tl.erefore illegal, and cannot be enforceple s Bank of Halifax, 2 N.H. E,. 4:,3. The monev consider- ation recited in the instrument may be in the natui.; of an ob- l..-ation or acknowledgment of debt delivered subsequent to the execution of the instrument: Berry v. Story. 2 C.L.R. (^g!) i -' (i> m I 54 BILLS OP SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOJ^J. 1 1 \ 1 Ordinarily a mortgage given by a d'-hlor who knows Ihat lie is unable to pay all his debts in full, is not void as a preference to the mortgagee over other creditors if given as a result of pressure and for bond fuh debt, and if the ^. .'j'gee is not aware of the debtor being in insolvent circuinstonces : McClary v. Ilowland, !> li.C.H. 479; (Jibbons v. McDonald, 20 Can. S. C.K. 587; Moisoiis Hank v. Halter, 18 Can. S.C.U. 88; Stephens v. McArthur, 1!) Can. S.C.K. 44(); Cook v. Rogers, 2») Ur. 5!t9. But a chattel mortgage for a pre-e.xisting debt, executed three days before an assignment for insolvency, constitutes an unjust preference which will hv set aside in a crcditoi-s' action, but the mortgagee will be entitled to rank imi nila iis iin ordin- ary creditor: Spotton v. (lillard, 18 O.W.R. 510. Though a debt may not be due, yet it will be a good con- sideration for a mortgage given by a third party to the person to whom the debt is owed (Dickenson v. Clemow, 7 U.C.Q.B. 421), for instance, the execution by a wife of a chattel mort- gage on her proi)erty as security for the purchase-price of goods sold to her husband : Reeves v. Friel, 4 Sask. L.R. 198 ; Euclid Ave. Trust Co. v. lloha, 24 O.L.R. 447, aflfirming 23 O.L.R. 377, following liank of Montreal v. Stuart, [1911] A.C. 120, which overrules Cox v. Adams, 35 Can. S.C.R. 393, and dis- tinguishing Chaplin & Co. v. Hrammall, 1 1908] 1 K.B. 233, and Tumbull v. Duval, |1902] A.C. 429. t^r the purpose of upholding a mortgage, a past debt, being a consideration, may be regarded iis a present debt to be paid at a future time, wlien the mortgage states the debt in the pro- viso as Ix'-'Ofiing due and payable at a future day, and the con- sidera : the transfer of the property is stated to be money then ackiK. rtledged to be paid therefor: Farlinger v. McDonald, 45 T^.C.Q.B. 237. i 1 ; CHAPTER IV. Fkai-d and Pbkssirk. An essfDtial requisite to the validity of conveyances is that tlicy be ch-ar from fraud or eollu.sion. uliich are thinfrs tliat the hiw universally abhors. It is in the consideration of au instrument that the element of fraud, when fraud exists, is generally to be found. Fraud vitiaf-s all things, though it must be remembered that he who perpetrates a fraud cannot claim any benefit through his own act. No limits to relief agaiast fraud can be prescrilnid, nor can the species of evidence receivable in support of it be strictly defined, but from time to time statutes have been passed to overcome the ingenuity of mankind, which is ever anxious ever striving, to entangle in its meshes the unwary an.l the in- experienced. The first statute relating to fraud in regard to goods and chattels, is i:j Elizabeth, ch. 5, passed in 1570, and made per- petual by 29 Elizabeth, ch. 5; or the provincial legislation sup- plemental thereto, giving it an extended application; see R S () 1911, ch. 24, and R.S.O. 1897, ch. 334, sees. 2 and 6. The stat- ute enacts that every conveyance of . . . goods and chattels by writing or otherwise, made with the intent to defraud credi- tors or others of their actions, suits, debts, accounts, .lamages forfeitures, itc, shall be (as against that person, his heira exe- cutors, administrators and assigns, whose actions, etc., are or •night be, in anywise disturbed, delayed or defrauded) utterly void; but It also provided that nothing contained in the statute I J \ I ^ I .1 M It .It) HM.I-'* OK S.M.I-: AM) ClI.XTTKl, M0(]s or cliattels, had, made, conveyed or assured, or there- after to he liai (IK SAI.K AND CIIATTKI, MOBTUAOI'». I" I'! object o»' tilt' iiHuiKniufUt waa not for the wikc of llin creditor in- ti'iiiicil to Ik- Hcfun'ti, liiit for thi- i-onvfiiit'iu-e ami proU'i'lioii of the debtor: Fleniiinf v. .MeNauKhteii, U> l'.('.(i.lt. 1!M; Heiuhardt Urewery Ltd. v. NiiiiiwiiiK Coen t'obi HottliuK Works, t< D.L.K. 2(il. Formerly, a creditor miKl't be idiKent iu gwur- ing hi« debt, by chattel mortgage from his debtor, and the in- strument eoulil not be impeaelieii, if ollierwi«e unimpeachable, simply because the parties intendi-d to defeat thereby the execu- tion of a judgment creditor: Wood v. IVixie, 7 h. ."):!ll; (iollwallN v. Mulhollaud, 15 U.C.C.P. C2, 3 E. & App. K. IJM; l>ir Hoyd, €., flark v. Hamilton Provid- ent, 9 O.K. 177, at 17!») ; hut, now, if a man, knowing tlitit a cre- ditor has obtained a judgment against his debtor, jjrocures the debtor to give him a mortgage upon his goods, to secure a . liy l^trd Manslield: Worselcy v. De Mattos, 1 Hurr. 4ti7. lulcss the instrument is protected by reason of bund fuhs, anil of want of notice or knowledge on the jNirt of the mort- gagee or bargainee, of any outstanding equities against, or an intent to defraud by the mortgagor or bargainor the same will Ite void under file statute, even though it may have been exi-eu- teii upon a valuable eoiwideratiou, and with the intention, as betwi>en the parties thereto of actually transferring to the mort- gage or bargainee the interest expressed to be transferred : St.-pliens V. Me Arthur, 111 Can. S.C.U. 44(i-, I 'ole v. !{aeine, \ O.W.N. 1:^27. 11 D.L.H. 322. When this statute fails in application, then, in order to work a fraudulent preference of a creditor, there must be eou- curreuce of intent so to do on t' e part of both debtor and credi- tor: liuriLs v. Maekay. 1(» O.K. Iti7; lleptmni v. I'ark, ti OH. 472: Braylev v. Ellis, 9 O.A.R. 565. Even suspicion directed 'p. nwm AND I'RKSSIKE. 5f) .a aKdiMt the person pn-ferred is not sufficient from which to con- clude a frau.lulent .Icsi^i. The Court reriuires affirmative evid- ence of fraud, or some controlling circumstantial evidence lead- ing to that conclusion, before it will act on mere suspicion • pn- IJoyd, v.. Mums v. Mackay, K. O.K. i,;;. k.,^ , ,,,.i„, ('iW.s..Js' S.C. Di,;. :(.-,!; Coiltlee's S.C. Di^. (Il!(. A mortt'afre.. is a purchaser pro tanto, and a [.urchaser for value in good faith without notice is within the protection of ^'•.•t.on (i or the Statute of Klizabcth, or as re-enacted and amend- ed hy H.H.O. 1911, ch. 24, and K.S.O, 1897, ch. 334, sees. 2 & G- Mosher V. O'Brien, 37 N.S.R. 286. The exact quantum of debt which may invalidate a eon- veyance or mort^-a^-e of goods an.l chattels „,av vary accord- ing to Circumstances; but the insolvent cin-umstances of a ve.ulor or mortpi^ror will not, per s, , invalixlate a bill of sale or mortgage: Ilereee v. White, 29 U.C.Q.H. 232; Smith v I'il Knm, 2 ("h.D. 127. It is only a circumstance raising' a pn- sumption that the instrument was executed with the intent to defraud, just as is the fact of a mortg,^?,^. taking a ...orf-a^.. on all a .lebtor'.s prop.-rty of the most minute character as security for a debt wholly disproportioncd to the value of the property mortgaged: Fleming y. .M,..\nus,'htei. HI ICuM 1!»4; In re I'earson, Kx parte Stephens, 3 Ch.U. 807, Freeman V. 1 o,.e, L.H. :, Ci,. r,.f,S; Cr«ssl..y y. Khv„rthy. L H ]•' F., DS • Maekay^y. Douglas, LM. 14 F,,. I.m;: Wan. y. U.nlu.v, LM. Under the statutes of Flizal.eth the ei.-eu.n.stMnee of th. mortgaged property covering the \vhole or part only of a mort- *rngor s goods is immaterial. If the mortgage is bona fide, that IS |t It IS not a mere cloak for retaining a benefit to the grantor It 's a good mortgage under tl,e Statute of Fli/.alK.fh ■ Alton y' Harrison, L.K. 4 Ch. 1522: Fx parte (lames. 12 Ch I) .iU And in order to sustain its validity, oral evidence to shew a different consideration from that expressed in the deed is ad- inissible: Halifax Banking Co. v. Matthe^y, Cameron's SC V as. 2ai. ' ' m m$ I i ! I I i 11(1 mr.i.s OK sM.f; wr) ciimtki. moktiiviiks. Tin- |ircsuiiiption of tVamI iimy U' rclmtlcil in varioiiH wii.vk: for iimturu'i', l>y h threat of ii iTiiniiial pntmrution or ollit-r pn'N sun- from Win cnslitor, iiikI tlicrfforc it wan liflil tluit ii iiiorl- Kaif«' hv an inwilvt-nt, or liy oni- on tin- rvc of insolvency, exe cuted by n debtor under pn-iwure liy the ereditorM, iw, for in .slanee, a threat of eriiiiiiial |)roHeention to seeiire a pre exinlin,'? debt, was nut a fraudident preference, and lliat the intent with which the instrniMeiit is tfiven, bein»r a cpieittioii for the .jury, the cireunistaiiees of pressure atlendintf it« extH-ulion outfht. not to have been withdrawn from them; Mank of Topr>nt.M) 1>MK>M KK. *i| 8tTvin'i» n-iKli-n-.l liy ii c-liili| ilijrini; minority may cotiMtitut.' It Mirticii'iit i-oiwid.Tiitioii to Hiipiiort II oonvcyaiicf uiidtT a family ■ettloiiK-nt by tli.- pan-iit to tli.' cliil.l an ajjaiimt tlif for- rni-r'n i-mlitore: .Jack v. K.>ain.y, 10 D.L.K. 4.s. rcvi'Miiii,' 4 I). li.K. 8;Ui, 4 N.M. K<|. 41.'); s...- Dy.T v. .Mc(Jiiiii-, 4 \.M. i:,i. 2i>:t. Ill ('ampU'll V. I'atl.TN, ri; Ma.lir v. .MfKinnon, 21 Can. S. ('.|{ <;4."», III)' Sii|ircMir Coiirl of ('.ina.lii siiNtaiiiiMl tli.' v.ili.liiv of a niortKajre givvu hy an imtolvont ilt'htor for an aotiial l,o,„i fitk ndvanec, thou»rh tlu- iiiortuaKw know of tlu« dt-btor's in- »olvoiK-y, but had no knowlrdp. of tlif mortKajfor"« fraudulent motiv.- in priK-iiriiiK tlu- loan, or tli.- ol.j.ci*, for vvlii.-li fh.' mon.y was to In- ajuilird. This d.-wNion atliriiif.l tlif Court of Appial of Ontario hh to tin- validity of tin- mortjfaKi' ami owrrulcd it in m far as Ihc t-a*' of Coiuiii.'rcial Hank v. \Vils.)n, :i K. & A. K.'j). 2:)", was followfd, on th.' thiniiy that that caso was d.-- lid.Hl und.-r tlu- Statute of Kli/abHh, and, tlu-n-for.-. had m-. application to the Ontario Ntatule; see also Davi.'s v. .Me.\l Coullee's I)i(f. Can. S.C. (l!Ki4i. ti:?4. Hut where an iusolv.-nt firm sells its |>roperty, subject to a ri^'ht of redemption, to a person wlio is aware of its insolveiiey, and uses the prweinls to pay certain enilitors to the prejudice of the others, the sale will be annulled at the instance of the latter as being in fraud of their ri^rhts: Landry v. McCall, ti D.L.R. 79;{, 41 Que. KM. 348; Constantincau v.Buisf, 18 Kev de Jur. 40. A bill of sjile given by a husband to his wife to secure ad- vances made to him out of a fund comfosed of ,mms that lie luid furnished to her for savings will be treated as a jrift. and. therefore, void ajrainst creditors: Cordiujjley v. MacArlhur, ti B.C.R. 527. Xor is the validity of a bill of sale establishe.l a', or UM>k dcbtii, to WH-iin- a lii'bl In void nxtiiiiMt i-riMlilont: M.Call v. .M.l>«iiin|d. l.« Ciin. S.i'.U. 'Ml, Kl<».pr.r V, W«r;iwk, IM Can. S.C.H. 701, iimrinin>r I't (» AH :«2I So. wlicn- there ia no alMolute eontriii-t to trive a iiiorttraKe, •'., tin' foiilract ItiMiitf iitti-rmitivc, eillier mm a liire r<><'i>i|)t or a elialli'l iiiortKaKe, ii iiiortttaKf mo ){ivi-n |iri-MU|i|iiiHi'H additional wriirity. from which ao intent to defraud cnHiitorN ia inferable : lirowri V. liainontairnt*. 1 ^V. Cna. 20, iiitrtintruialiintc Clarkaon v. St4>r- linjf, i:. OAR. '2M. A voluntary eonveyanee of property ia void, under III Kli/a- Ix-tb, eh. .'i, thoiit;h i.ie vendor waa aolvent wh> n it waa made, if it result* in denudiuK him of all hia property ami so renderinK him inaolvent ther(>after: Sun Life Asauranee Co. v. F'lliott, ;n {'an. S.C.K. yi, reveminK 7 H.C.R. 1H!>. The doctrine of preiaure. which obtained U'fore the inM«>l- veney lawa, now ocoupiea the aanie position sinee their n>peal ^hraylMv v. Kllia, !» O.A.K. .'hm. 18 CL..!. !tti; (libbona v. Me- Donald, 20 Can. S.C.U. .'187), ami the fact that n raorti^i^e is obtained by pressure ia evidence that it is free from fraud ; but pn-MNure will not validate a stvurity, unlexs it be a bond fide preaaure to secure a debt, and without a view of obtaining a prefcicnee over the other creditors: I'owcll v. Calder, 8 O.K. .'>i>.-! ; Kx parte Tophuin, L.K. 8 Ch. tJ14; Kx parte Hall, 19 Ch.l). :>J<0; .Molsons Bank v. Halter, 18 Can. S.C.R. 88. " Pressure" need bo nothing more than -i re O.K. &i; Keays v. Brown. 22 (!r. 10; ' i-Farlane v. McDonald, 21 (Jr :n!l; Cletniiiow v. I'onvetNe. HiOr. .■>47 ; Stepliensv. .McArfliiir. Ill (.'ail. S.C'.K. 44ti. IVe.ssure saves a transjiction from beim: voluntary, when it origiiiate.s in the will of the ei-edilor. at whose instance it is done, and not in the will of the debtor, wiio oidy yields to the solicitation of his creditor, and it is not done with !!!ten! '.:> prefer, ete ; if fhe TnotiVr is tO eSt'apC the pres fHxi r» \\t> i'K»>^rHK. 63 Htin- whii-h i<* . xiTi'i*-.!. <»r .■v.-n to comply with a bon4 fide do- iiwind whicli \% inn.l.', iiml not to pn-ft-r our cn-ditor to Hnother. I'v.-ii thoiikrh rlint miiy Ik- tli.' ii.T.-H«ao- mid ohvioiw .•iT.-cf of wh»t M done (prr VtiXWr^w. J A., I)(ivid»*..n v Kohn. l'4 (ir. «i4: S..^wortli v. .Mirid.ii Silv.r I'hilinir <'<>., 5! O.K. 41:1; Slnf.«r V. Oliv.-r, 7 O.K. i:,8, 20 C.L.J. 17:n. unI.>M a pffon-nee w Mtinfafforily prov.-d to Ih- tli.- voluntary a.'t of tho «J,.hfor, it in not to b.> d,cm»>d fraudnKnt (V.x parte ('ravi-n, F.R. 10 K.|. 6.V'.: Tott.'n v. Row.-n, S O.A.R. (k>2). and whrre the doetrine of pri'MMiir.' can Im' appli.Nl tli(> traniiaction cannot be considered voluntary. Hut wiien the pn)po(i«l from the creditor for wur- ity id not reluctaotly yiehled to by the debtor, but hi* ajwent only ifiven when he in informed the tranmu-tion v.ould protect him againat all hi* !'r,..litors, then the .lo<-trine of preaHiire haa no application. ,1 the inortjra^' i^ treat.nl an a fraudu- lent preference: .M. .lonahl v. MiK'idl. !) O.K. IS.'i; 12 A.K. (Ont.) 5!).l. affirmed V.\ Can. S.C.K. 247. A ,nHte,i,,| Hclient to be coMidered in order to n.scertain whether the doctrine of I>res8ure appli.s or not. ia whether or not the debt ia due, in point of time, to the crwlitor who obtains the security; if not «i.te then, the power to exercise the pressure is absent, and 80 the doctrine cannot be invoked: Strachan v. Barton, 11 Ex. Ml. Another circumstance which deprives a creditor of the l«.netit of this doctrine, is hi.s knowing that the state of the debtor is financially hoix'less, when, in such a case, the pressure resolves itself into this, that the creditor suRgeats an eva^^ion of the policy of the law which will enable him to obtain priority and preference over other creditors, and thedebtor acquiesces in and adopts the suggestion, then there exists a .joint act of such a character as to l)e held colliwive (p.r Hoyd, C. Meriden Silver Co. v. Lee, 2 O.K. 451 ; 8,.e Kx parte Hall, 19 Ch.D. .ig.-); Burns & Lewis v. Wilson, 28 Can. S.C.R. a07, distinguishing Gibbons V. Wilson. 17 O.A.R. li; for, without a concurrence of intent on the part of the debtor and creditor taking the mortgage, the transaction cannot be avoided on the ground of being a fraud- ulent pref.r.',,^^ : MeI{o!„-tts v Steinoff, 11 u.R. .•{*,!•. •1 i' Hi i'> ii I 64 BII.l.S OF SALE AND CIlATT?:i. MOHTOAOES. ^ I The exocution by an insolvont debtor of a chattel mortgage to bis surety or for the latter 's benefit, for the purpose of en- ablin'T the surety, who hat! knowlwlge of the debtor's insolvency, to disehiirge his guaranty obligation, is an unlawful preference over i-reditors: Stecher Litbographie Co. v. Ontario Seed Co., 7 D.L.R. 148, 4fi Can. S.C.R. 540. But wliere the mortgage is given as a result of pressure and of a bona fide debt, and the mortgagee is not aware of the debtor's insolvency, and, even though it be given by a debtor who knows that he is unable to pay all his debts in full, it will not be void as a preference: Gibbons v. McDonald, 20 Can. S. C.R. r)87, following Molsons Bank v. Halt?r, 18 Can. S.C.R. 88; Stephens v. JIcArthur, 19 Can. S.C.R. 446. And this not- withstanding that the mortgage comprises the whole of the debtor's property: Adams and Burns v. Bank of Montreal, 32 Can. S.C.R. 71!), 8 B.C.R. 314, from wliiel- latter decision the Privy Council refusetl leave to appeal, see 3 B.C.R. 337. A mortgage by a debtor to secure the payment of a loan made to assist in the payment of a compasition with his creditors, or for the purpose of eflfecting an extension of time within which to pay, constitutes no fraudulent preference, and is therefore valid against creditors: Brossard v. Dupras, 19 Can. S.O.R. 531; Long v. nan<-(K'k. 12 Can. S.C.R. 5:{l>. reversing 12 O.A.R. 137; see Sutherland v. Beiard, 13 Que. K.B. 128. An aN.signiiient, by way of security, of an interest in profits expected to be earned under a contract for the perfonr.ance of work con.stitut<'S no unjust preferem-e if made under pressure, as such profits do not amount to a.ssets seizable by creditors at the time tiie a.ssignmeiit was made: Hlakeley v. (iould, 27 Can. S.C.R. 682. A diattel mortgage altliougli given under circumstances entitling a creditor to have it set aside as a fraudulent pre- ference, will, nevertheless, be held valid as to any goods covered by it which would \h' exempt from seizuri' under execution ; Bates V. Cannon, 18 .Man. L.R. 7. I'i f«|i FKAl'D AND I'RKSSI RK. ti.) The giving of a chattel mortgage in purauance of a prc-exist- ing agreement as security for goods supplied bv tiu- .nort-a-eo to a person who is about to engag*. in a hazardous busincss^on- stitutes no unjust preference: Power v. .Afunro, T) D.L.R. ',17. A creditor holding ample security is not a creditor who re- quires prot.'ction fn.,„ fraudulent preference, and though an- other creditor may be otherwise secured by the debtor th.. lat- ter transaction will not be deemed a fraudulent preference as against the first creditor; but should the latter be in.suf!ieientlv secured then as to the ,l<.fieiency he nmy invoke the law as to fraudulent preference: Clark v. Hamilton Provident, '.) O.R 177; Sun Life Assurance Co. v. Kilioft. .-il Can SCR '»] ,,. versing 7 B.C.R. 18!i. The statutes relating to bills of sale and chattel .nortg^iges positively make void all imrtruments within the pun-iew of the Act unless there is a full compliance with its provisions; the result ,s, therefore, timt creditors are not debarred from at- tacKing a mortgage for want of registration, because thev al- ready have had notice of the existence thereof: Edward v Ivwards, 2 Ch.D. 29] ; National Trust Co. v. Trust and Guar^ The utmost good faith must characterize the dealing between mortgagor and mortgagee. If a mortgagor, in violation of the t.rms of the mortgage, sells any cf the property mortgaged or >" «ny «-ay parts with it, the mortgagee may follow and re- cover U from anyone purchasing it, provided, of course, that tlH^ mortgage under which he claims is duly recorded so as to effect notice. ^.gor selling mortgaged property subj^.f to the mortgage; but ^ terms of a mortgage usually are such as . require tl.ecol to t..ke pos-session before his right to do so accrues, he will be re- straincHl, or the n^ortgagor will be entitled in an action for c^amnges; but when such an action will li. ,he ,u,u,tnm of"lam 5 — BILLS OF SALE. '^ I' ' ii f ! ! i i' i III 1 H 1 ■ n r : ' ' ! i ; ; "i I 1 I 66 nil.I.S OF SAI.K AM> (11 ATTKl, MORTdAllKS, apes is not to ho estimated as if the aetioii hntl heeii ajfiiiimt a thiixl party; the vain.' of the j,'oo,'e8 l)y a purehasi-r or niortk'We against a seller or niort^rajjor of any ehatteLs, n-al or |)erHonal, tor fraudulent e< ;.• ealnient of any .hrds or ineinnhrane.-s, or for falsi fyinjr peiliKree. The i'liminal Code of Caniida. IDtMl (.s.r.s. 417, 41!l, .VJl i provides for the punishment eriniinally of a vendor or moit- ^••afjor for fratwlulent iiHieealment of deee upon whirh tlie title to any chat- tels, real or personal, depenils (see pwti. In Rex v. MeD.vitt, 17 fan. Vr. ("as. .VM. it was held that see. 421 of the Criminal Code (1!t08^ has no applieation to a fraudulent sale for tiie purpose of defeating; an uiirejiistered e<|uity of redemption. The transfer of a bank aecjunt to another's name for the pur- lM)se of defeatinir exceution Ls a fraudulent disposition of pro- [HTty, and suhjeet to eriniinal liability: Ilenn v. Smith, ti D.l. K. 48. In the event of a eivil action beinfr brousrht under the foi mer of these two statutes, the (mint mi;' it ari.se whieh eame h. fore tlie Master of the Kolls in Wicli v. Parker. 22 Ueav. .')!». Th. di'feiidajit. in any sucii Metiou. initriit deeliii.' to an.swer iiiiesliiu,. in rejtard ti> tlie traiisaetion, on the ^^round that he initriit iiicri'! iiiate himself, and expo.se himself to praseeution uiuler the pr- vi.sion.s of the latter statute. In Miiliael v. .i to loave th,. property i„ the pas- ;':7"";"" "" ''f-"-' ">'« ^'o'"- ■"^-l.- H..- .lee,i fraudulent- l-ihvanls v. Ilarheii, 2 T.R. r>87. There unist have been a bomi fidr sul«tantial ehan-e of pos- s.ss,OM. It ,8 a n.ere „.o..kerv to put in another person to take Jxws.s,on jointly with the fonuer own.-r of the .'oo.Ls: Wor.Iall . s.n.th. 1 ('..Mup. :{;!4. However, the rule h.,.i .|own in K.|. w.r.ls V. Harhen .joe.s not seen, to have been foUowe,! in the sub- .s.'.iuenf eases, the ten.lenev of whieh was to hold tha* 'he simple al>st.nee of transmutation of property was not of itse ' fraudu- .■m. but only pr..sumptive evidenee of fraud, which could be re- ">m,Mi. when there were eireuuistanees whieh dearly s- ed that no fraud u,.8 inten.led: Latimer v. Batson 4 B & C ,■>• Jlart.ndale v. Booth, :i B. & Ad. 408: Reed v. Bhules. o TauJt' -l:.: Hraser v. Murray. M N.S.R. ,8,i, :i7 C.L.J. ;}H4; Mae.lona V. Swniey, 8 Ir. C.L.R. 7:1; Kastwo«,l v. Browne. R. .^. .M ;),•>. "t'Hver v. .Joule, .{ C.B. 305. Tlu. .luestion of fraud in tlH.s.. eases is on,- of faet. and for the d,v.s>ou of a jury. The result of the presuu.,rtion of fraud tmn. pos.s..ss,on reuu.inin^^ in the vendor or „,ort,^„^,r at com- mon law was such that it beean.e necessary, in onler to protect cmhtors and purchasers as well a.s the .uortga,... that son.e •"♦>l.or-su,„pt,on of fraud, to retain possession of the mort..,ged o sold property: but this pen„i..ion is depenon a d.^ and proper eo.„p,,anee with the Ac, in aii n. p..v.siLs: Belan" - Menard,. 2< O.R. 209: Cookson v. Swire. App. Cas. .6 1= i^ i i i : ' ! i I m H11.I.S t>F SAI.K AND (.IIATTKL M0KT(1A0I'-S. ('lia.ul..Tlain v. (in-.i., 20 V.L'X'V., at p. ;ni. Wlu-ro .i inort- fe'age is «iveii in piirouam-e of an a«roi-nu-ut that Ihcrr hIimII 1..- neither registration nor iniiuediatf poss.-ssion, sucli inortuaU'' will he held void ob initio on grounds of public p«.liey: I 'lark Mm V. M.-Master, 2:. (an. S.C.K. W: Mentlev v. M..rris..n. M N.S.U. »7t;. Possession is usually tl.e prinmry test of owner ship, ami if a in'i-son who contraets for an interest, in proi)erly fails to take iM)S8e.ssiou or to okserve the alternative, hy a eom- pliance with the statute, lu- nuist stand the eouse(|ueriees n( his own ne>?leet, for he would he brinK'inj: aWut the very misehief all the statutes are designeii to prevent, viz., that u( a iriaii hy his possession of property fraudulently appearinj; U> {hv world as its owner, when in reality he is not; Kirk v. Chislioln. "'^ Can. S.C.H. Ul. It is obvious that si'eurity by way of niort^a^e, taken upon property perishable or eousumable in it« nature Ix'fore tlie niorttja^'e In-eonies due, is n^ally of no value if the mortga-or is to have the possession of the property. If, with the know ledge and eonsent of the mortgagee, the niort^ragor is to eontimir in i>o8session and eonsume the proi)erty, and from his so doini: it necessarily follows that the property will be consumed 1"- tore the period arrives for the mortgagee to enforce his security, then prima facii, the transaction is collusive and fraudukn: against creditors: Robbins v. Parker, 3 Met. (Maas.) 117; >■ ■ iLaion v. Mowler, li:] Alb. L.J. 216; .McAllister v. Forsyth. IJ (.'an. S.C.H. 1. Hul the fraudulent intent is not so strong wli :. tlie property, though eon.suiuaM.'. is not left with the morts:.!- ; or. if left with him, c.nu...-t witli rea.->imable e.\pectati(m !»■ i": sumed iH'fore the mortgage falls du,' ; Miller v. Jones, 1') N Hank Keg. 1">(J. The dm-triiic of pres-sun- is mi.' wliirli mon' particiiiiiily .■ • ceriis insolvency law and tlie law •>( M.s.sigiiiiieiits and fr i : .■ lent preferences. All interesting article on this doftr.t;- wliicli its history in tiie Kngiish an.l Canadian Courts is .\: - livclv revieweil by .Mr. C. U. Labatt. will lie found in v.; Can. L iw Journ il :5-.'2-:5.>0. I HAl'TKK V 3_f TiiK Parties. Shepi'ard, ill his ••Tduclistoiif." Atli.Tl.'v ".s cl.. p. 241. ■•lVrkiir.s(}riint."MV. !•(). s.iys: --.Ml cliiitt.'ls |)..r-s..ii;il .iit j:r;riil- al)l.> from iiinn to iiuin inliniliim, ii.s trofs. oxoii. liors.-s. phiio and household .stuff, aiul the like; ;il.«!o tm's. jrrass and corn irrowinv and stan srround. fruit upon thf trees, and wool upon tJie sheep's baek is grantable." Alienation is a eoinmon law right whieh is annexed to the property of every man in goods and cliattels; and every cie. who. at common law. is eapahlo of entering into a i-ontract is capable of being a party to a chattel mortgage or bill of sale. Sheriffs derive their power from the common law, division Court bailiffs from statutory enactment.s. While the statute 9 f-dw. VII. lOnt.) eh. 47. sec. Jt. repealing 2!* Car. 11. eh. 3. sec. 16, R.S.O. 1897, ch. 338, sec. 11, part T.. Geo. II. (Imp.) ch. 7, sec. 4 Mcintosh v. McDonnell. 4 O.S. lit"); Aldjo v. Hollister. 5 O.S. 739: Burnham v. Simmons. 7 I'.C.c^.H. 1!tti: j.sce .Ki and oT Vict. (Imp.) eh. 71, see. 26(1 > !. esfal)li.siies the time from which a .superior or County Court writ binds goods, there is nothing ui the statute or at coiiiiuoii law whicii makes a Division Court cxtrution hind goods, except from sci/iirc. In ('uilo.icii v. McDowell, 17 U.C.Q.B. 3o!». Robinson, <'.J.. iu his judgment, says: "The writ could not bind the property In-fore it came into the liailiffs hands if indeed it could before an actual seizure was made under it, for it is not to be assumed that an execution from an inferior Court binds from the time of delivery to th.- bailiff.-' By sub-seetion 3 of si-c. 9, ch. 47 (Ont.\ it is now 70 BII,I»S OK SAl.K .\NI> t'lIATTKI. MdUTii AUKS. I \ \ expressly provnled that an execution apiiiist hmu\h i«wiieil out of a Division Tourt hIuiII hind only rnnii t!ie tiiiif of M-i/ure. "When Kooils are under actual levy a inorlpiKe can «tiil he made, the ppopi-rty passing to the inortpijtee suhject then-to, and the niortwagee will he entitlwl to any Hurplus after the exe- cution creditor \h Hatistied: Appleton v. Bancroft, 10 Met. (Mass.) 231. If at the time of the delivery of the writ to the sherilT the jroods are sulijcet to an overdue chattel morttrane, a lunui fide pun-haser from tiie execution di"l>tor, iK'fore actual m'i/.ure under the writ, will ac(|uire his inteiesl in tiie property tree from the execution: Allan v. Place, 1.') ().F,.K. 47 I'.C. ('.P. 1()2; Miller v. Ostramier, 12 (Jr. .Mil; MilU v. Davis !> r.C.C.P. 510. The policy of the law is jfeiierMJly to allow an inlaiit to sus- pend his ultimate decision upon (juestions of iM-netit or injury until he is of legal cnpae.ity to l)ind himself as an adult. In general, indepemiently of statute, an infant's contract inifjht either he vo'n\, if prejudicial to his interest; or voidahh- if for his In-netit : Touch v. Parsons. :t Uarr. 1804; Allen v. Allen, 2 Dr. & Wor. A-iS: .Mills v. Davis, !» ('.('.{•.P. ,-)10: Fcalher- ston V. MeDoneil. l.-| IM'.C.p. 1(12: .MrCoppj,, v. .McCuir... :f4 r.C.y.M. 1,')7. It is now estaldished that tlic deed of an infant, if not clearly prejudicial in his inter.-sts, is not voi.l ah iuili^,, but voidable on his attaining majority : Foley v. Canada Per- man.nf, 4 O.K. .W ; Brown v. (}rady. ;»1 O.K. 7,t. Security given by an infant to iudemuify ajrainst loss or damaffc in respect of shares in a company pun-ha.sed on the faith of his representations is void and not merely voidable, and can- not be affirmed by him after he has attained his majority: Heam V. Heatty (No. 2), 4 O.L.K. r,r>4, reversing' :J O.L.R. ;{"4o. If an infant has ayreed io the contract on attaining' his ma.jority his heirs cannot then avoii4 hi ! i 72 mi.I«>< OK SAI.K AM» CIIATTKI. MdRTdVdKS. ! f gmtv. Ui-Hcc V. VVhitflicHd, 7 (Jr. 5!)!; Meyer v. Uliii-khurn, IW N.H.R. 5<). So, if an infant buys a horse, and gives back a mort- piKt' for the balanpe of the unpaid purchase money, he cannot repudiate the mortgage and keep the horse, or maintain an ac- tion agaiinst the mortgagee for taking the horse. In other wortls an infant cannot avoiHe, -'.! O.L.R. 2W7: MirmiiiKham v. Mrabant. :i \U-v. k|, .lur ]W. What is a reasonable time must depend upon the circumstances of each case, for it is manifest a variety of preventions to dis- affirmance might exist in one case that would be alwent in an- other: ir mies v. Hlojrg, 8 Taunt, 38; Slator v, Bradv, 14 Ir Ch. Ex. 61; Harris v. Wall. 1 Kx. 122: .Mows..,, v. Mb , 1(. Ex. 206; Featherston v. .McDon.'ll. l.". C.C.C.l'. i,;:... Min,.,, ^ Ostrander, 12 Gr. 349; Brown v. Grady, 31 O.R. 73 In Mit- chell's c,«e (L.R. 9 Eq. 363) a delay of two vears was held sufficient to establish the infant's affirmation by implication of the contract made during infancy. In Ebbett's case (L.R. 5 Ch ;^02) fourteen montks was held sufficient for the same purpose- m Lumsden's ca.se (L.R. 4 ch. ^\) .,ix months; in Rromfield v.' ^mith (2 T.K. 436 , „ne y.-ar, and in ir<,l„„.s Miofij, < S Taiiut. :*■>, 1 Moo, 4«6) four months, and we have .judicial dicta for the <-orn>ctness of the general application to all eases of the four months' l,m,t in the last-mentioned case : Richards. C J V.-athe,- •ston V. McDoncll. 1.^ r^C.C.P. 166; Tayh.r v. .Ioh,.st,>,.. 1-. C|, I>iv. 403. r )tM m 1 1 1 ^\ i .1; ill \ i i 1 1 1 t III i ^1 74 BIMJ* «)F SALK AND CIIATTKI. MOHTUAdfX. If a blind or illiterate person desin- to hear road over a mort- gage or bill of sale prest-nted to him for execution, and such it not done, and he is induced to execute it, the execution will not be suffleient: t)wen8 v. Thomas, 6 V.V.VV. aSH; Keddy v. Daurey, 7 D.L.R. 118; Sawyer-Massey €o. v. Szlachetka. 4 D.L. K. 442; Viekers v. 1».-11. HI l-.T. 77; He Uarfall. «> Mmi. & <»• 732. A man who is bound to make a ileetl is not bound to seal and deliver it when tendered him, unless someboily be present who can read it to him, if he re«iue8ts it to be read: Mauser's Case, 2 Coke's Kep. .1; ThorouKhgoml's Case. 2 Coke's Rep. 9; Shutter's I'ase. 12 Coke's Kep. !»(). And so an insane person is not bound by his execution of a bill of sale or eliattel inortKage if the vendee or inortKaffee knows of his insanity at the time, but the fact that a mort- ttimor, at the time of executing the mort(,'aKe. was insane, is no ground for setting it aside if the mortKa^fe dealt with him and advanced money on the mortKase in pood faith, and without knowledjfe of his insanity: Campbell v. Hill, 23 CCCP. 473; Hank of Ottawa v. Hradfield, 8 D.L.R. 722. The unsoundness of mind must 1h' known to tlie other con- tracting; party (Hank-s v. Gootlfellow, L.K. 5 Q.B. 549) before the Court will interfere to undo a transaction, especially when no advautajfe has In'en taken of the lunatic, and when the par- ties cannot be restored to their original pusition: Molton v. Catnrou.x.4 Ivx. 17: Heaven v. McDonell, 10 Kx. 1S4; MHJamgan v. Fer),'u.son, 4 N.H. E(i. 12. The mere insanity of a mortgagor to whom or to wiiose agent file mortgage money has been honestly paid, and of whose in- sanity no advantage was t^iken in the transaction, does not annul the rights of the mortgagee: Campbell v. Hooper, 3 Sm. & 0. l.")3. The onus probnndi is upon those supporting the conveyance to shew that the execution took place duriig a lucid interval of the grantor, and tliat he was capable of understanding the nat- ! i':n THE PARTItW. 75 ure of the act ho wm pi'rformiiin: Iloovfr v. Nuno, :J D.L.R. 503, following Kiiwu-ll v. Lt'fniiicoiM, rt (,'hii. S.C.K. .):{.'). Tlif •ame principle will apply when the execution of the instru- ment i> performed by h party sutTering from direct or indirect consequence* of intoxication: Murray v. Wciler, 3 A.L.K. IHO. A mutual ajfi'ney exiiits Ijetween members of a trading co- partnerBhip, and then-fon- one partner liaM an implied auth- ority to pledge the partnersiiip etrect« for the purpose of the bugiuess, and this, althou»;h other partners of the tirm he iifuor- lint of what is transpiring. The act of one partner is the act of an agent of them all, and any one partner can borrow money on the credit of t he tirm ; but the mutual agency existing 1h'- tween partners does not iinpower one partner to bind his co- partners by (letHl: (.'anieroii v. Sti-veiison. 12 C. ('.('. I*. ;t8!». As ii ciiuttcl mortgage need not be \iuder seal (Keeves v. Tapper, .> IJini.'. Nl'. 136; Flory v. Denny, 7 Kx. oHl), a mortgage by one of a tirm of partners of all tlic stoekin-tradf to raise iiion. . or si'cure indorsements, or other assistance is perft-ctly valid ; Ills authority to do tlie act arises from implication, and cannot be i)ue.stioned for want of express authority: Taterson v. -Maugiian, 3!) r.C.y.lJ. 371 ; llalpeuny v. Pennock, 33 V.V.R. 22U; Cooley v. Hobart. 8 Iowa 3.18; Mel'iary v. Ilowl.ind. !» H.C.R. 479. And, bewtuse a ciiattol mortgage is valid without a siai, the addition of a seal by a mort^'agor (a member of a part- nership) does not v-itiacc the mortgage: Milton v. Mosher, 7 Met. 244; I'aterson v. .Maughan, 3!» I'.C.Q.H. 371. A partner entrusted with possession of goods of his firm for till' purpose of sale may, either a^i partner in the business or as factor for the tirm, pledge tiiem for advances made to him per- soiiiilly. and the lien of tlie pledgee will remain as valid as if tlie security had been given by the absolute owner, notwitiistand- iiii: the pledgee's notice that tlie pledgor's capacity was that of iifrent only: Dingwall v. McHean, 30 Can. S.C.R. 441. The act done by a partner, liowever. must not be such as, inr s( , puts an end to the basiness. Tiie power of one partner I i'\ ii 7fi BII.M <»K HAI.K ANt> ( IINTTKI. M.iKTd \tlt>. i I t I 1 if ! i I I to bind the Hnn nriten fmrii implication, which inuit m'ceiwinly ,.xi»t in |)artn.THhip»i •oiitflit to \h> •ucc-Mfully c«rrii..l on. hence it la that when the act clone terminatea and puta an end to the h.wineaa. the impii.-.l authority exiatini? for other purpow-a ia wantinjr. nn.i aiieh an net i.^ unlawful an.l of no avail. There- fore, without the expreaa consent of hia co partner, the other partner cannot exei-ute a dee.l diaponinir of n!' ■• Mtoek in trade for the ^r.-neral lienetit of the creditom of the parLnerahip (Cameron v. Stevenaon. Vi VCCV. ;W!M ; for aueh nn MHaiKU- ment would a«'om to amount of itaelf to a auapenaion or diwolu- tion of the partnerahip, but having lK>en apewially requeated by (>n.> of a (Inn to execute an aasiffnment of all the partnf.ahip effecta for the benefit of creditors, the other one of the Arm may do ao in the partnerahip name, and it will be valid and bindieg: Nolan V. I>onnelly, 4 OR. 440; Lamb v. Durant, 12 Maas. 54; Tapley v. Butterfleld, 1 Met. (Maaa.) 315. The rule of prefer- ring partnerahip propert. jr the payment of partnorahip debta is for the henetit of the partners tlieraaelveg, and they may wiiive it, hence n partnership may exj-cute a mortgage on part- n.-rsh'.p property to secure the individual debt of one of the partners, and the transaction will b.- upheld in a . uteat entertd upon bv a partnership creditor to set it aside (In re Kahley, 2 HJHs. .m: Kirby v. Sehoomaker, S Barb. (N.Y.) Ch. 46). and a inortirace of partnership property by one of a firm, to secure his own individual debt, may. by ratification of hia co-partner, be made an eflfectual mortgage of the partnerahip : Kennedy v. Nat. rnion Bank, 23 Ilun. (N.Y.) 4»4; Tebb v. Baird, 3 D.L.R. Ifil ; Kendal V. Wood, L.R. 6 Ex. 243, 248. Indeed, if the co- partner is cognizant of the transaction, and ia present when the mortgage is given and does not disclose his claim to part ownership, he is estopped from afterwards setting up his title against the mortgagee : Robinson v. Cook, 6 O.R. 590. An assignment by one partner without the consent of the othei^ of the firm's twok debts is valid as to the other partner, even though the partner executing the assignment was. by Till: l>ARTIEH. iHfrtTiiifiit with tin- otluT piirtiicr, without power in tliat regard, Mhcn- the UMiiKnce hud no kiiowledtf*- of auoh lack of authority : 'iVhb V. M«ir1| 2 K.H. H'JU; lIuKhes V. ChamlwrH. 14 Man. L.R. IfiiJ. Tht> implit'd authority between partners to bind the j)artn.H. M^k 41 Que. S.C. 428. A parol authority to an agi'ut to make a mortgage is suffi- cient at common law, and the statute requiring registration o*" chattel mortgages does not alter ttie common law, as it does in the ca.se of agents taking a mortgage, by requiring a written authority to be filed. The authority may be anterior to the mak- ing of the mortgage, or there may be a subsequent ratification thereof, which would be e(|ual in effect to prior authority. Kither the authority or ratification may be e.stab''shed by proof THE PARTIES. 7n » of acts, which raise an estoppel against the principal to deny the agency: Partricfp -, White, .')!) Me. r,H4: Halpeiiny v. Pen- nock, 33 U.C.Q.'., ■12\i; A.n-w v ?)avis, 17 W.L.R. r.TO (Sask.) ; Taylor v. Ilelg. on, :{ Si,sk. L, ,. 4(il. Authority to sell, how- ever, does not ci ..f' ;■ .liiiloriii .• mort-rajre; nor does authority to mort-fajre coi.l.r .iufi rity to sell: Switzer v. Wilvers, 24 Kans. 384. Hut in the ea«e of a hill of sale disaffirmed hy the principal for want of authority in the agent, the instrument will be considered in favour of the purchaser as a me";" security for so much of the purchase money as was applied to the use of the principal: Coppau'e v. Barnett, 34 Miss. ()21. In Morgan v. Johnson, 4 D.L.R. f;43, the Court, applyinj.' the ease of liryant v. La Hanque du Peuple. |18()3| A.C. 170, held. that, wlienever the very act of the agent i.s authorised hy the terms of the power, i.e., whenever, hy com|)arinjr tiu' act done hy the ag.-it with the wonls of the power, the act is itself warranted by the terms u.sed, such act is binding on the con- stituent as to all persons dealiu},' in good faith with the agent, and iire not bound to inquire into facts aliini,!,. II..nce, not- withstanding it be stipulate*! in a power of attorney that any .sale should he for "and in the name of" the principal, a .sale made by the agent in his own nanu> is enforceable by tiie pur- elia.ser against the principal: see Westfield Hank v. Cornen 37 ^.Y^ 322. A debt due to his principal may be .secured by a mortgage to tlu' agent, and the agent may enforce the mortgage in his own name, for and on behalf of the principal: but the more ob- vious an,] i.roper coui-se would be to tak,' the mortgage din'ct to the principal: Varney v. Hawes, «)8 Me. 442; Mrodi,. v. Rut- tiMi, Iti r.C.Q.B. 207. If the agent take the mortgage in ids own name, then he may maititain an action against a wrong(U)er in his own name for taking the goods, although he may Imve no hen.fieiai interest in them (Hrodie v. Kuttan. Iti T.C.Q.M. -JO!*, ^ipproved in Light v. Hawley. .34 ('.L..f. 87), and not- with.slanding that his fiduciary position .lid not appear I-' 'I h :^ i '»*.. 1l I r* 80 BILLS (IK SAI,E AND CHATTKL M(IRT(!A(iK.S. 1 i i oil tlu- ftico of thf inortgaRe; and though the agent has no authority in the first instance to taken mortgage, yet. as between the parties, ratifieation may be sufficient for that purpose, and it will be suffieient ratifieation by the prin- eipal if he bring a suit to recover the value of the poods mort- gaged : Partridsre v. White, SD Me. 564. Incident to the existence of nil corporations is the power to mortgage its personal property. There may be statutory limita- tion to the power, but, apart from such restriction, a corpora- tion has the right, inherent in itself, to mortgage or sell its personal property: Shears v. Jacob, L.R. 1 C.P. 513; Deffell V. White, L.R. 2 C.P. 144 ; National Trust Co. v. Trust & Guar- antee Co., 5 D.L.R. 459. 2<) O.L.R. 270. Commercial Rubber Co. v. St. Jerome, 17 Que. K.B. 274; Savaria v. Pagnette. 20 Que. S.C. :n4: Trust and (Juarantee Cl^. V. Abbott, etc.. Co., 11 O.L.R. 40:?. following Merchants Hank of (\inada v. Uancoek, 6 O.R. 285; :Maedougall v. Gardiner, 1 Ch.D. i;i: Rurland v. Earle, 18 T.L.R. 41. The president or ' -incipal officer of a corporation, in tak- ing a mortgage to the body corporate which he represents, is not to be considered as an agent, but as a principal exercising tlie corporate powers of the corj)oration : Canadian Bank of Commerce v. Smith, 17 W.L R. l:{5 fAlta.) : Bank of Toronto v. ^IcDougall, 15 T'.C.C.P. 48:? ; I'niversal Skirt Co. v. f;<)rinley. 17 O.L.R. 114: Xewlands v. Higgins. 1 A.L.R. 18. However, this may not apply where tlie transaction i.s out of the ordinary course of the company's business, even, if trans- acted by it.s vice-president in the company's name; and in transactions of that nature, a person dealing with the company's officer or agent is bound to ascertain whether or not the lattc;- ha.s in fact been duly authorized: Wlialey v. O'Orady. 1 D.L.R. 224. 48 C.L.J. 112. and on appeal 4 O.L.R. 485. where the deci- sion below Wiis reversed on other grounds. And where the undertaking is entered into by the president in his own behalf and upon behalf of the company and signed in the name of tb.e company oidy. the document will bo regardeil THK I'ARTIES. 81 as a personal mulcrtakiiig on tli.- part of th.- i)n'si,l.Mit : Woo.l V. Orand Valley R. Co,. .") D.L.R. 428. 2ti O.L.R. 441. A n)ortf;a;re made hy tlie direetors of a eompany prior tr) the consent of it.s shi.rel.ol.lers. without which cons,'nt there was no power to borrow, may be ratified by the sha-eholders: Adams and Hnrns v. Hjink of Xrontrciil. ;!2 Ciiri. SCR. 71<», affirmin}.' 8 H.C.R. .{14. Under the Novii Scotia ('omi)iinies Act. a sale of the entire undertaking of a corporation to another is uUni rins. dthouirh ratified by a resolution passed at a lu.-etinfr of shareholders in the aksence of a .special resolution called for by the amendinR Act: R.S.X.S. ch. 128, amend d by N.S. Acts 1912. ch. 47: McOregor v. St. Croix Lumber Co., 8 D.L.R. 876. The power in ineorjjorated or chartered banks to take chat t.l inortgafres, however, is refnilat.-d by special le-islation which enables them to tak.- hold and dispose of mortgages upon per- sonal property by way of additional security for debts con- tracted to .such banks in the course of its business: R.S.C. ]9(Xi eh. 2f», sees. 80-90, ry.i Vict. (1890) ch. .U. sec. 68 (D.). Its statutory powers should l)e construed lib.-rally and no! strictly or critically: Imi)erial Paper Mills v. yuebec Hank. 6 D.L.R. 475, 26 O.L.R. 637. As to statutory seeuritie-s given bv a customer to a bank, see Townsend v. Northern Crown Hank 4_ D.L.R. 91, 26 O.L.R. 291; Quebec Hank v. Craig. 6 D.L.R.' r)73, 3 O.W.X. 1635: Bates v. Kirkpatrick. 4 D.L.R. .m, 21 W L !»' (i07; Alfred Thien v. Bank of B.X.A.. 4 D.L.R. 388" 21 W. I.R. ]!t2: Bank of Toronto v. Perkins, 8 Can. SCr"603 Klo..k V. Molsons Bank ( \o. 2), 3 D.L.R. 521 ; \orthem Crown' Bank V. Great West, 11 D.L.R. 395: .Mdlugh v. Inion Hank '1 '•<'.), 10 D.L.R. 562. The Crown may take a mort-age, under our Acts, from any of her subjects to .secure a .lebt, through, and in the name of, the head of the department to which the debt is due- McGee v Smith. 9 U.C.C.P. 89: Harbour Con.mi.ssioners v Foundry Machnie Co., 21 Que. K.B. 241. f'— ITILS OF SAI.E. M I'M' I I ■ i % ! pff ■i p f l^i ga Hil.us OK SAl.K ANI» f" \TTKI. M.lKT(iA.lK> A marriod wo.nau h.« tl.e right to giv.- a .uort^HK'.' in h-r own name on personal property which she horn- f own, (Hul- n..„nv V Pennm-k, IW V.C.ilK 221)). and a huHh.m.l can K-v- 1 ,,i,i of sale or chattol n.ort^age dir-ct to hia wife, or ^ aK^nts for one anoth-r, and vie- wrna : Totton v. Bowon 8 O.A.R. 02;CV.)oh.rtyv.Ont. Hank, :V2 »' ^-^'-l; 'f ^^ ^^ ^C T- Mabburg. 1 O.U. 178; Mackay v. lA-rris, U W.L.R. 107 (lU.) ; Kvcrott V. Kvorett, :58 S.WM. '•\W. In the abs.-noc of ..n.lno i«H«.Mu-c or fraud, a .uortga«e .xcoutcd bv a wif.. on h-r personal property for her hnnband s benefit is Jnforeeablo against her. although she had ««*•" -'» 'j out indepen.lent advice: Hank of Montreal v. btuart, |1.1 1 AC V'O This ease overrules Cox v. AdaniH. :».. (an. S.C.K. :,.,:^' and Stuart v. Hank of Montmd, 41 Can. S.C.K. r.lf,. as to the doctrine of "imlependent advice." although the appeal was ai^missed for different re.«ons; see Kuelid .Vve. Pru^.s Co. v. Hohs -4 OLR 447; Dominion Permanent v. Morgan. 4 D.l-.K. 3111 ;n.ion Hank v. Crate. :? D.L.H. »iS.;; (lold >'->"' i;"-''-" Co. V. Stephenson. 10 O.l.H. 1 •. Heeves v. Kriel 4 S.usk. L.K^ Us : Great West Permanent Loan Co. v. Hadenoch. 4 S.L.B. ^41 In Sutherland v. Heiard. i:i Que. K.H. 128, it was hel.i however, under Quebec law that a hypothec given by a marned woman upon her separate property to secure payment of a loan ,uade to her husband to enable hinv to effect a composition w.th his creditors of whom the lender was one. is void a.s bong agau.>t public policy: see Que. C.C art. 1301. :l! ! KM CHAl'TEU VI. TiiK HniiiT Tit Possession. A MORTOACEE ofteutiiiu>8 finds that from some cause liisinort- gajfi' is invalid as apiinst i-rt'ditors, puri'hasera. or mortiragoes, and that by n-a-son of the defect he is in danger of losing the benefit of his security. When such happens, if the mortgage he good and valid be- tween the immediate parties, then there is nothing to prevent the mortgagee making g(H)d his title to the goods mortgaged by tak- ing possession (Parkes v. St. George, 10 O.A.R. 4I)G) ; but this, of course, is required to be done before the rights or liens of others attach upon tha property mortgaged. Having once perf.'cted his title by taking possession under the mortgage he will not be held accountable because of the de- feet to mortgagees or purchasers claiming under sulvsequentlv registered bills of sale (Jfaughan v. Sharpe, 17 CM. U,i) ; un- less by some statutory provision the taking of possession must l>e concurrent with the transaction to save the bargainee from the consequences of non-compliance with the registration law. In Kx parte Saffery, l(i t'h. D. (ill, it was lield. that if a {.Tiinteo of a hill of sale chooses not to register it. but takes actual pos.session within the time allowed for registration, his title is good as if the deed had been regi.stere.l : McClarv v. II,.w- land. i) n.V.n. 479: Piercy v. Humphreys, 17 L.T. 4«3; Davies v. Jones, 10 W.R. 779. Possession or apparent possession is irenerally a question of fact : Gough v. Everard, 2 II. & C. 1. In Ontario it has recently been enacted that the subsequent taking possession by the mortgagee of the things mortgaged shall not make valid a defective mortgage as against persons 84 nil.I.x OK S.M-K .\M> CIIATTKI, MDKTIiAtiKS. ! i ; i 4 it ■ (i Iji who iHHJOiiu' creditors, or purchr.scrs or inortjjaK.-cs l).-fon> siu-h taking of possession: 10 Kdw. VII. ch. fir,, see. 2:{: .lordan v J. 1. Case ThresluT Co., 7 D.L.R. HV. ; Manchester v. Hills, 31 N.S.R. 512; Clarkson v. MeM.ister, 2r> Can. S.C.R. iHJ. An entirely new niortnaj;.' ean be taken wliieli would be as eflFeetual as takinir possession (Hieliards v. .James. I-.H. 2 (^.H. 28.-,: Kx parte Allan. W.N. (1884), 211), even though the new mortgaRe is to beeome etTeetive only in the event of the tirst mortgBfee beinp declared to be invalid and void: Cooper v. ZetTert, :$2 W.K. 4(t2: Kx parte Nelson, :{r> W.l{. 844; Mosher > O'Brien, 37 N.S.K. 28(); provitled, of course, that all form- alities, statutory or otherwise, with respect to the new mortgage fro complied with. When- an aftrwrnent to give a chattel mortgage is duly made an.l registered under K.S.O. 18!»7. eh. 148, sec. 11, and subsequently a moitgage is made and registered, the giving of such mortgage whereby the legal title becomes vested in the mortgagee dm-s not revest in the mortgagor the equitable title, which the mortgagee had by virtue of the agreement, but .1 continues to e.xist as before, and the mortgagee is enabled to rely on it where the mortgage is inefTectual for any reasoi. (judgm.-nt of lioy.i, C., 2 O.L.R. 128, atlirmed) : Fisher v. Bradshaw, 4 O.T..R. Iti2 (C.A.). A mere agreement to transfer as security of chattels in tti d.-btor's poHses-sion will not entitle the creditor to revendieat them upon default, where no formal mortgage was cxeeutcl Savard v. Tremblay, 30 Que S.C. 423. Though the mortgage may be good into- p. gagee had a right to acquire without rolVrence to th. .uort- gagor, and would ."ff.ct thf same n-sult .m if the i.o8h.'88,o,. had resulted from the a.t of the mortgagor; Osier, J.A., Smith v. Fair 11 O.A.K. 76:J; McAuhiy v. AUeii, '20 U.C.C.l'. 41(; Sa.nuel v. Coulter, 28 V.V.C.V. 240; Merehants Bank v. The tJueen. 1 Can. Kx. K. :il ; I'arkes v. St. (leor«e. 10 O.A.U. 4!!.;. It beeomes important then, from this view, to omit the redemise clause in a nu.rt.'age (I'orter v. FlintotV, G U.C.C.l'. 335; Keet^h V Hall 1 Sm. L. Cas.r)23; Bingham v. Beltii.son. :{0 I .C.C.I'. 4.W; Down V. lA'e. 4 Man. L.R. 177), and advis-ihle. als... that the e«n- veyaneer should always in.sert a .'ovenant hy the moit^ragor that the mortgagee may, at any time during the currency of the mortgage, enter and take possession should he deem it best for his safety to do so. By the terms of such covenant the mortgagee may be made the sole judge of tlie happening' of the contingency upon which he mav tak.' possession, and it is immaterial whether his fears of losJ are well or ill fomuled ; Bailey v. C.o.lfrey, 54 111. 507; Lewis V. D'Arey. 71 111. ti48; Cliiie v. Libhey, 4t) Wi.s. 12:i; Fox V. Kitten, 1!) HI. 51!) ; Durfee v. (Jrinnell, ti!) HI. 371: Hueber V. Koebe, 42 \Vis. 319; Hoy v. Goings, 96 HI. 361 ; Flem- ing V. Thorp, 78 Kan. 237. 19 L.H.A. iN.S.) 915. There is a distinction between the mort ragee bumj insecure. and bdiiving himself to be insecure, and, if the parties aifi to the right iR'ing in the mort^'agee of taking possession upo:, the latter contingency, then upon possession being taken an I th.' taking being questioiieS.st> of tile la«t day of j;raft'. In ordi-r to juMtify ontry ami st'izure li.tori- ilcfault undtr siu-h iiiortK'W i-outaiiiiiif,' iiu iusoi-unty ilaiisi', it must ai)|»'ar tliat tlu' luurtifagtf ilitl ai-tually dci'iii tlie iiiortKiiJ?'" iiist'uure at the tiinc of srizurc, ami tint th>' I'litry was made (Hi that ((round: Wt'staway v. Stewart, :{ S.l,.l{. 178. A Uiortgajji-'i' haviug tin- right to take jiossi-ssioii under a iiiortKajri' containing sueh a eontraet, may maintain an action against any person for wroii^rful detention i Krisliee v. Lanjj- wortliy, 11 Wis. ;t7:>; Welsh v. Saekett. 12 Wis. 24:ti. or for wronKfui eonversion : Harvey v. AleAdams. '.1'2 Mieli. 4711; (irovii V. Wise, Hit .Mieh. 472; dales v. Sutherlaml. lU N.S.If. 471. If, however, a .sense of insecurity honestly entertained hy the mortgagee entitles liiiri to |)osse.s.si<>n of tli4' pruperty, then any act done hy or ag.iinst the iuorti;agor which impairs the sec- urity, uiKpk'stionably entitles the mortgagee to |M)s,session. .\nd the right of the mortgagee to po.sse&sion is sueh, that he may take the property from a pledgee witli whom it has he»'n left by the mortgagor, and thus destroy the lien of such pledgeo (Bissctt V. Pearce, 28 N.Y. 252), unless the creation of the lien is one which may he implied from the necessities of the property, ( .(J., the case of a mortgagor procuring repairs to be done upon his hacks previously mortgaged, then the repairer eoulil hold tiie cabs as against the mortgagee until his lien was paid and dis- charged (Ilai.iMiand v. Danielson, 12(1 Mass. 2!t4; (llnlie Works v. Wright, 106 Mass. 207), or the ease of a boat buihler's lien ngarding which it has been said that the mortgagee having allowed the mortgagor to continue iu the apparent ownerslrp of the vessel, making it a source of protit and a means of earn- ing wherewithal to pay off the mortgage debt, the relation so created by implication, entitles the mortgagor to do all that may be necessary to keep her in an efficient state for that pur- pose: Williams v. AUsup, 10 C.H.N.S. 417. If a person wrongfully takes pos.se.ssion of chattel i)roperty belonging to another, and, whilst in pos,sessiou thereof, alters. t' .) tip ; u-''. i i Ml t I ss II1I.I..S UK SAI.K .\M> CIIATTKI, MOMTtlVtlKS. (If i* i *^ iinprovi'H or ollifrwisc di-aU witli if, hf in uot .•iititlcti to i-oiii- It.'iisntioii for tin- iinprovi'iiH'iilM; Rainy Lak.' Uivor, »'tf. v. Kainy Uiv.r LuiuImt Co.. fi D.l-H. 401. 27 O.U.U. HI; Iliwox V. (irffiiwrnxl, 4 K«p. 174; ( h.'shir.- H.U. Co. v. KohIct, :>l N.H. 4!MI; I'lirv.-s V. Molt/, ."> H jli.TtMon tN.Y.) <>"):«; SiJHldiry v. McCoon, 6 Hill (S.Y.) 425; Hryaiit v. Ware. :}•) M.'. 29r>. A sfconil iiiortna;;.-!', wh.-ii lioth iiiort>,'a)rfs an- void from Mtatutory dctVct, may. by wcuriiij; poHwsBioii, no perfect Inn title as to K"t in aheail of the prior iiiortKaKe; the taking pos- 8is.sioii is Jill i.leiitifieatioii and appropriation to the uioHkuk • of the speeilie property: Morrow v. Keed, 30 Wis. 81; Frank V. Miner, .')(» 111. 444. Should till- iiiortKiiHee. having taken poH.s4-sHion oF the mort- gaged property, again allow it to return to the possession of the mortpiKor, the pOHsession of the mortpiKee is at an end, and •he property beeomes liable for the debts of the mortgagor; but fcliiu.ld the taking of possession in effect satisfy and discharge tiie mortgage, which becomes at an end, functiim officio, and the mortgagee then sell the g«K)ds to another person, and that other person register his bill of sale, the transaction, if boni /i*s|i(\, yi ItHKi-t' in poHMi'SHioii of till' kikmIn liy (Icliv.ry of hoiim- kiinl. tliit the poost'iwion follow-4 the proiicrty i-onvcy...!, mihI tli.' laort- gnut'i; tlioiiKli no .|,.|«iilf Iiun Imch i„a,|c. is nititli'.l in law I.) iiHMiiiiic posHtHsion lit iinv liiiif: Porter v. KliiitolV. tl I ■.(',( .|». ;m; White V. Morris, 11 CM. lOir,; Kiiftiin v, IS.amiNh. In r.C.C r. !t(l; Roylimc.' v. Li;,'htfiM)t, H M. & W. :..{:i; Parnl.'V v. Day, 2 y.H. 47; McAiihiy v. AU.-n, •_'(» ir.C.C.I'. 417; Samu.!! V. Conlt.T, 28 r^C.C.l*. 240; M.-rhant.s Mnnk v. Tlir iixwvu. 1 (an. Kx. H. 31. The right of poNst-iwion in an im-i.lcnt to the rijflit ol" pro- fi'-rty; and tli.- rifflit of property hfiii^' vestcl in the iiiorti.'a>?e.' Iiy the eonveyunee. he heeanies eiitith.,! to the l(ONNe.s.sion ill the ahsence of stipnhitioii to the eoiitrary: ( 'oh-H v. (lark, .{ Ciwh. (Mass.) :)!)9; Hall v. Saiup.son, .T. \.V. 274, 277; Moise v. Knox. li»Met. (Mass.) 40; London v. Kinmons, !»7 Mass. M -. Whimwll V (SilTard, .'J O.K. 1. lint where a tradir jfive.s a ehattel mortjrat'e on his stock-in- trade, eontainiiiK a ejaime that if the mortKaffor shouhi attempt to part with the posse-ssion of tlie kchhIs the mortgaKee iiii>;ht take possession, but eontaininjr no provi.so for possession by the irortKa),'or until default, an agreement to the latter ellVet will Ih implied, there beiiu? no express provision to the eontrarj-; Dedriek v. Ashdown, 15 Can. .S.C.K. 227, 24 C.L.J. ,')02. revers- ing' 4 .Man. L.K. i:{!). Various provisions may give rise to an implication in favour of the mortgagor retaining the right to possession, such as one tliat the mortgagor is to keep the property in repair, for how eau he p.-rform his eovenant to rei>air if he is not to have pos- session of the property upon whieh th.- ivpairing is to be don. (Babeock v. McFarland. 43 III. .381); such, also, as giving thi> mortgagee the privilege of taking possession when and so soon as he finds himself insecure (Hall v. Sampson, 35 NY 274 Chadwiek v. Lamb, 29 N.Y. 518); but the reservation to tho mortgajjee of the right to enter and take possession upon default in payment, and sell to satisfy his debt. do<-s not override the • \k ^ ■ I !■ < ( i ! f li i 9«J HIM^ CIIATTKI. MORTOAdta*. (ffii.Tiil rul<' of law iK.rjfUiioii v. Thomas. 26 M.'. 41)!)) in fav- our of a morfKatfff : Smith v. Fair, 11 A.li. 76:1. But if a mortKaKt-e I'hiKJw-* to act oii hia atricl ri^hU aiitl to takf pwwvsNioii kfor.' .It-fault, ho mflk.H hiiiiwlf am.-uabl.! to the h»w, should lif HO act with th.- k<»«Hihlt'. Under the mort- gnge, a inortjraKor h«H dearly rewrved to himwif a apecial l)ro|)erty in the gocls, until lie haa made default, and he has then-fore a riKht of aetiim if the mortgatjee w-ll Ui.- gootU bcforo default: Albert V. (iroHveuor Investment I'o., L U. :J li-H. l'-'^* And if, by sellint.', the mortKageo bt'c-omea unable to restore the >;(mh1« upon j.aymenr of the debt, the mortgaKor beeomea i-n- titled to Hue for daiimgen, by reaaon of that act of the mortnuge.', the morfKa«ee has done a wrou^ to the mortgagor, and for ever\ wrouK accompanied by damage, there muat be a remedy ; Hing ham V. Hettinson, :M) TCiM'. 4:W ; Spaulding v. Miirnes. 4 (iiM.v (Maaa.) 3;J0; llalliday v. llolgate, L.H. 3 Kx. 302. Thas, though in the abw-nee of a redemise clause, and in the abwnee of condi tions implying the contrary, a mortgagee may take poaaesHion before default, yet In- must i.ot Hell, except at the risk of pa\ ing damages to the nmrtgagor for i)lacing the property beyon.l redemption: p. r Osier, J. A,, Smith v. Fair, 11 O.A.R. 763. The measure of damagea for seizure before nuiturity will li the extent of his interest in the goods, that is, the value then u l(-ss tht- amount owing upon them, and the value of the right ol' l)«s.session until forfeiture of the condition in the mortga- (Hrierly v. Kendall, 17 Q B. 937; Brown v. Phillips, 3 Hus!; (Ky.) 6r)G; Brink v. FreotV, 44 Mich. 6!»; Westaway v. Stewart. 1 Sask. li.H. 21. And it generally is the case that a mortgagee, who under a power of sale in the general unlimited form can TIIK RKIIIT TO IIIKXICMSloN, J)l flioiiifli iM'llinjf mIhii Ik' Iiiin no riifht to sfll, coiitVr by the tciiiis ot till' iMivviT, a t'lMxl lillc uri a IkhiA fiil< iiiirchiwtr, itiid tliiu effectually tlestroy nil ritflifH of reiieriiptioii : Dicker v. AiiKer- ■tein, 3 Ch.D. CUO. If the mortffagu coiifaiim a redeiniiie eliiiise, or otii.r pro- vision allowini,' tin- mortiriiKor to remain in poNsession until de- fiiult. anil the niortk'HKor sell the kimmIh before tlefault. it be- comes II conversio , for whieh an aetion at onee urise.s in fivour of the mortgagee. The mortgagor prevents the uooils Imih; K'iveu up upon default, and the posHessory title ininiediately re- verts to the mortgagee. Thi- consent to poHsession remaiuini: in the mortwitror simply amounts to authority to the luortg.i^'or to do no more than use tlu' ehattels, not to give the u.se to third persons, and certainly not for a lontrer pericnl tli.in Ins own tiriii: Kenn v. llittle.ston, 7 Kx. \:>2, 1,VJ, KJO. If the mortgagor he lawfully in j)08session and Iims the right to retain posweiwion for n stipulated period, he may, un- less he has forf.ited that right by breach of condition, have the Miort«auee enjoined from taking pos-session before the time limit- ed Ford V. Hansom, ,S Abb. I'r. : N'.Y. i N.S. 41ti. ; but no one. except the mortgagor, or sonu- one having his tith'. .mu maKe any objection to the mortgagee asserting hi.s right to the pos- session of the goods, and taking them Ix'fore the contingency haj)pens whieh would entitle him to them as against tile mort- L'agor (Gaar v. Hurd, [)2 111. 31.-); MeC'onnell v. Scott. ti7 111, -.4i ; and where a mortgagor is in possession ami control of tiie i"-«perty, this is primn facie evidence as against third parties •t' li - right of postM'ssion: Kogers v. King, titi liarb 1- Y. 4!»o. tic ordinary (>rovision that a mortgagee may take posses- i* m case the mortgagor shall attempt to sell or dLspose of, -!• n any way part with the possession of ttie goods, or remove a<- >^-4iic bevoutl a certain limit, entitles the mortgagee to ex- ■rr-i*- this right when the mortgagor disposes of the goods to saasiv an existing debt, even though the mortgagor may hav.' tht^ righi to make sale of the property in the ordinary course of r .! ii- ' , .t f: ' i * I ii i i 1! n if 1 It if I H it ? ■ i i.- l!.- 92 BILLS OF SALK AND CHATTEL XI()RT(!A(1KS. business (Lainj? v. Perrott. 48 Mich. 298; 12 N.W. Rep. 192), and a clause of this nature entitU-s the mortgagee to take pos- .st'ssion or hrinjj suit for the chattels at once upon the raortgagoi- reiuovinjr or attemptin-? to remove the property (Whimsell v. GiflFard, 3 O.R. 1) ; or upon a seizure of the mortgaged property on ii distress warrant for rent due from the mortgagor (Conkey V. Hart, 14 N.Y. 22; Russell v. Butterlield, 21 Wend. (N.Y.) 300) ; or upon a levy by way of execution upon the property and removal from the mortgagor's possession: Ashley v. Wright, 19 Ohio 291. And the mortgagee's right in this particular is none the less because the time for payment of the mortgage has not arrived: Russell v. Butterfield, 21 Wend. (N.Y.) 3(K). This right, however, is an optional one, and cannot be exercib.d against a person into whose passession the gooils have come in- nocently, without a demand therefor first having been madr", and refusal given, the refusal amounting to conversion : Cutter V. Copeland, 18 Me. 127; Caldwell v. Tray, 41 Mich. :«)7. But, if a purchaser have due notice of the restriction against dis- position or removal by the mortgagor, then, without demand, the purchaser becomes liable to the mortgagee: Fisher v. Fried- man, 47 Iowa 443 ; Bailey v. Gwlfrey, 54 111. 507 : Fergason v. Tait, 26 Minn. 327. A bill of sale, given to se<'ure the balance of a purchase price, although unregistered, cannot be defeated in Nova Scotia by a ^'randulent sale to a third party with notice: McLeotl v. Doue- ette. 38 N.S.R. l.')l. The restriction upon removal must, liowever, bo construed with relation to a reasonable and proper use of the goods mort gaged. A legitimate use of the property, such as a temporary removal from the designated limits with the animus rrvrrUndi honestly entertained, will not authorize proceedings being taken by the mortgagee for breach of the covenant not to remove tii goo niortgajree lieing present at the sale of the property and omit ting to make known the fact of his morteage (Brooks v. Record. 47 111. 30). or, without being present, permitting the mortgajrcr to assume the character of al)solute owner: Thompson v. Blan- chard. 4 NY, 303. THE RIOIIT TO Pf)SSE.SSION. 95 But a mortgagee does not waive his rights under his mort- gage by consenting to the sheriflf selling under his execution, when, being interested also as an execution creditor, the sale by the sheriff can be better carried out by an absolute sale than by a sale of the goods subject to the mortgage : Segsworth v. Meriden, 3 O.R. 413. If the mortgagee buys (which he may do at such a sale), then he occupies the same position as any other purchaser at the sheriff's sale (Edmonson v. "Welch, 27 Ala. 578; Richards V. Holmes, 18 How. (N.Y.) 143; Roberts v. Fleming, 53 111. 196), and if a mortgagor has notice of a sale to be had by the sheriff under execution, and the mortgagee has consented there- to conditionally upon the proceeds of the sale being first applied in payment of the mortgage, the mortgagor cannot afterwards be heard to oppose the payment of the mortgp^re debt: MeCoa- nell V. People, 71 HI. 481. The conduct of the mortgagee in relation to the sale towards a purchaser in no way connected with the mortgagor, may be such as to give assent to a sale previously made: Loucks v. McSloy, 29 U.C.C.P. 54. But when the mortgage requires a written consent, then, though a verbal assent is sufficient on principles of equity, yet there is no equity which will dispense with the written stipulation when one party asserts and the other denies a verbal assent, in the absence of something being done on the faith of a clearly proved assent: Bunker v. Em- many, 28 U.C.C.P. 438. And a mere statement to the effect that the mortgagee was indifferent to a sale already made, and even that he did not want the property and cared nothing about If. will not prevent the mortgagee from taking possession of the property: White v. Philps, 12 N.H. 382. And, of course, mere silence of the mortgagee on hearing of a sale by the mortgagor will not prejudice the mortgagee in his right to possession : Pat- terson v. Taylor, 15 Fla. 336. Should a trader give a mortgage upon his stock-in-trade, he IS not estopped from selling in the ordinary course of business by reason of a covenant on his part not to dispose of any of the ! i ; *, Aj.i y 1 i Vil ■\'-- 96 BII.l-S (IF SAI-K AND CIIATTKI. MORTOAHKS. goods, etc., without the consent of the mortgagee, and a mort- gagee cannot therefore insist upon such act of selling as a for- feiture entitling him to take possession. The conclusion to ar- rive at from the entire transaction is, that there is an im- plied license to the grantor to continue to carry on his business in the ordinary course of trade, but he is not to dispose of any- thinfr in any other sense (Dedrick v. Ashdown, 15 Can. S.C.R. 227; National Mercantile Bank v. Ilampson, 5 Q.B.D. 177), as, for example, to secure a pre-existing debt (Ijang v. Ferott, 48 Mich. 2!»8). or fraudulently, and not in the ordinary eo\ir.se of trade ; or by way of putting the goods into a partnership. In any such case the purchaKcr would acquire no title: Taylor v. Me- Keand, 5 C.1M3. -.I'^A; Payne v. Fern, fi Q.B.D. t)20: Barnard V. Easton, 2 Cush. (Mass.) 294. There may be a qualified consent, of a nature which would not disentitle the mortgagee to take passession, either when thi goods are in jios-session of the purchaser or in the possession of a vendee of the purchaser; thus, if a mortgagee consent to a sale ui)on an agreement by the purchaser to apply the pur chase money on account of the mortgage, and that until such be done the mortgage lien should continue, and the purchaser dispose of the goods to a third party, the sale to the latter woul.i be subject to the right of the mortgagee to take possession, even though he bought withoui knowledge of the mortgage: Oswalt v. Hayes, 42 Iowa 104. While the rights of the mortgagee to take possession arise, as has been stated, when the mortgagor attempts to dispose of the property as owner, if he seeks to dispose simply of his in terest, subject to the mortgage, no such rights can be cxercisetl Until possession is tJ'ken by the mortgagee after default, tii ' mortgagor can lawfully sell his interest in the chattels, and tii'' purchaser can sell again, and so forth ; but the sale must not !"• more than simply of the mortgagor's interest. Of course tti mortgagee might take pos.se.s.sion should the goo once vests in hin. , St. Louis Drug Co. v. Kohinson, 10 Mo App ^m), and is not controlled by an expr.vss proviso that "ntil default the mortgagor is to retain possession: Kx parte •N.t. Guardian Ass. Co., 10 Ch.D. 408. Xor do^s an express provision of this kind interfere with the mortgagee s ri-Wit to 1'os.session upon the property being taken in execution if the ■"ortgage g.ves the mortgagee the right to take possession upon i' levy on execution: Prior v. White, 12 . 261; iJreach v IWby, 10 111. 617; Pike V. Calvin, (i7 111. 27. '— BI1.I.S OF SALE. |i ■" i'^ mtr j f 98 BILUS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTQAOES. If a mortgagee ha* rightfully obtained poMeBsion of t»u> mortgaged property, then, as he has the powewion aa weU aa the right of property, no action for its recovery can be success- fully brought against him by the mortgagor: McAulay v. Allen, 20 U.C.C.P. 417; Samuel v. Coultor, 28 U.C'.C.l'. 240; Mayer v. Mackie, 15 W.L.R. 128 (Man.). Should the plaintiff in execution succeed in getting pes session, an action of trover will lie at the instance of the mort- gagee, and the measure of damages will be the value of the pro- perty' or the value of the mortgagee's interest therein: Becli.T v. Dunham, 27 Minn. 32; Bailey v. Godfrey, 54 111. 507; Cr.i.l v Haensel, 24 Quo. S.€. 17H; Manclu-strr v. Hills, :U N.S.H 512; Mosher v. O'Brien, 37 N.S.R. 286. The right to pos.s..s- sion' is essential to the mortgagee's right of action against tliir,! persons, who have taken the property from the mortgagor: Fii'1.1 v. Earley, lti7 Mass. 149. This right to possession is, as has been stated, generally stipulated for upon any such con tinpency as that of the goods being removed or an attempt !» iug made to remove them; but should such stipulations be omit- ted, ami default not be made in payment, the mortgagor alone can bring an action to recover the property (Fenn v. Bittlcstoti, 21 L.J. (N.S.) Ex. 41), and may recover the value of the piv- perty over and above the mortgage debt, as well as damage lur the loss of u.ser: Talliiian v. Jones, 13 Kans. 438. Replevin will lie against the mortgagor at the instance of tli.' mortgagee before default in payment, if neither by implicatim nor by express stipulation the mortgagor has the right to i>— session : A.shley v. Wright, 19 Ohio St. 291; Simmons v. Jenkins. 76 111. 479; Skiff V. Solace, 23 Vt. 279; Frisbee v. LanRwoiiiiv. 11 Wis. 375; Chadwick v. Lamb, 29 Barb. (N.Y.) 518: I,r vs V. D'Arcy, 71 111. 648; Ferguson v. Thomas, 26 Me. 499; Pick ul v. Low, 15 Me. 48. But if the mortgagee chooses to tak,- ; as- session before default, he mu-st take such care of the prop, rtr as a prudent owner of it would, and do that with it wliii h s most advantageous to the interests of himself and the in rt- THE RIGHT TO POSSKSSK IN. !»'» gagor. He is subjoct to the same responsibilities as a hirer, aiij he must account for and at his own risk take care of the pro- perty. So long as the rijrht to redeem exists will the mort- gagee be required to exercise reasonable care in the preserva- tion of the property: Overton v. Hipejow, 10 Yerff. 48. He will not be liable if the property is stolen or destroyed without fault on his part; but so long as i' is held as security, even after de- fault, he will be accountahl. for its neffliffent damage or de- struction: Covell v. Dalloff, 31 Me. 104; Morrow v. Turney, 3.-, Ala. 13] ; McIIugh V. I'nion Bank, 10 D.L.R. .j62 (PC ) vary, ins 44 Can. S.C.R. 473, 3 A.L.R. m, and affirming- 2 A.L.R ■'ilit on this point. Possession by the mortgagor is not, however, adverse to that of the mortgagee, and the latter Ls not bound to take possession upon the first default, or breach of any of the covenants con- taniod in the mortgage, but he may wait until the whole debt matures: Martindale v. Booth, 3 B. & A. 498. This right to possession, however, will not justify a mortgagee in creating a breach of the peace in order to acquire the property: London To. V. Drake, 6 C.B.X.S. 76S. And it is necessarv when the >'iortgj.gee takes pos.s...ssiou that some act of a public character should he done by the mortgagee before he can vest in himself tl'.' title, discharged from all equity of redemption on the part of the mortgagor. The change must be bom fide, and not col- lusive, or likely to mislead the public. And a mortgagee in pos- session may, without fraud, redeliver possession of the pro- perty to the mortgagor as his agent, and mav bring trover agamst third person for its converaion: Cotton v. Marsh, 3 Wis : ; ,^"' '''''•''•*'' °° '^''f«»'^' •■» inortgagee went through the form of takmg possession without, however, any change in possession actually taking place, and executed a lease of the goods to the mortgagor, an execution placed in the sheriff's hands after de- fault^aiKl before this taking po^s..s.si«ii by the mortgagee, but het to b 7r *'*" ''" ''P'™*'°° "^ *»>« """rt^^^". -«^ Jield to bind the goods, and the transaction between mortga-or ' .1 1(10 llll.l.s uK >\I.K ,\SI> CIIATTK.I. MiiHTli MIKS. i ■ ! i -i- 11 an.l ii.ortnan.-c was luUl vaiiJ : C"haiii»K-rlaiii v. C.vvvu. 20 T.C.''. 1'. :M)4; fon.imr.. (■.-.■.■.I v. llmim..!, 24 l^u-. S.C. ITS. Tlu- .-as., is dilViTi'iit, how.-v.T, wh.-ii the i..ortKa«.M' luak.'S a /».-/..! /t'./' sal., of tlic property to a thir.l p.Tson. who thru hoiuatly sells or leases to the oriKinnl mor\g>^m•. I" »l'='t ''»»"■ ""' '""••««"«" is .satistie.l ■'««•'''• '•>■ '*"'•■• '""' ""' l"'**'"'^"'''"" "'" ""■ ori^iiuil luortKaKor is not his po.ssession. hut that of the pur ,.|iaser: farlisl' v. Tait. 7 O.A.U. Id. Where. .'Is,., a party «l„. uhtaine.l a hill of sale took possession un.ler it. hut sutlVred the late owner of the ttoods to iutertV^re aiul exereise aets of owner ship, it was hel.l to avoid the hill of sal.- as against a sul.s.'-iu.i.' i„mi fi. It is not enou^'h that a person is put in to k.'.-p poss.ssi.u joint'lv with the a,ssiKnove the same h.'yon.l a eertain limit, the morigajjee is to 1" lilierty to enter an.l take i...s,s.'ssi..n of the property. Sueli e.»i. ;.■ tions are perfeetly l.-gal; an.l eovenants mij-'ht h.- a.l.led to ins i: (with the same eons.'(|uenees upon .lefault). or to perm I • mort-ragee to tak.' imme.liate poiisessiou in the event of the n.. •■ gagor iH'eomint; euiharrassecl in lii.s atTairs. or upon th.' m. r gatror attempting to .h'frau.l, or when the niortgajr.-e may ,; hims.'lf unsafe, or upon suspension of operations l>y the u :' gagor, or in the ev.'iit of any of the property heing tak-: ... legal proe.'ss at th.' instance of any creditors: Jami.se:. ■ Uruce, 6 (J. & J. iM.l.) 72; Wells v. Chapman (Iowa iN-J " ■ N.W. Hep. X41; Hall v. Sam|.s..n, :<■") N.Y. 274; Kx t :• National (Juar.lian Ins. <•<). et al.. 10 Ch. D. 4(»S. Thi.s : - r covenant, however, is unnecessary where the reilemise ehi - -> omitted, because, as we have seen, the mortgagee is euii' i :: TIIK KItlllT To IM)-.>K-*l(i\. 1(»1 possofwioii )i8 mraiiiHt cviTvlxicly. and iiiiiy niiiiiitnin tr.s|i;i.vi'rccl \>y nii<-Ii » iiHirt!.Mi:i': I'or- t.r V. Kliiitod". () r. ('.(".!'. ;t:r>; Ifutiitn v. K.iimisli. Id r.C.C.P. !M): .McAiiljiy v. AIl.-ii. I'll r.C.C.l'. 417: S,imii.l v. Cmltir, ".N 1 ('.('.IV 'J-IO: MtTthants Itaiik v. Tlif (^tincii. 1 Cmii. K\. li. 1, The liinitH usually ins.rli'd jn a iiioiitriip'. beyond which ih.' mortgagor is iiot piTiuilti'd to rcinovc tin- propirly. arc t!ir limits of thi- city, town or other municipal division within which the K(K)ds arc situate: and thouiili the d.lit lie not due the mort- jrap'c nuiy ohtain po.s.s«'.ssiiui of Hi- iirupcity if the iii(>rlt.M'.;i>r attempt to rcuunc it licyon.l llu' limits specified: Uns.scU v. Mutterticld. 21 Wendell 400. This he may also do if the niort- irav'or sell the property, or in any way part witii it. or commit .i lireach of or fail to perform any of tln' covenants contained in the niortjjaire. if the mort^'ajri' so stipul;iti>: Natlr'ss v. I'hiiir, •fT r.C.(^.|{. l.')S; I'aync v. Fern, (i (^.H.!). (;2(t. It i.s imjwrtant, in the interest of a mort'rap'c. that when the redcmi.sc clau.se is inserted in a moriirajfe tlie niortixa^je •should likewise contain stipidations for taking |ios.se,ssion upon hn-ach of any of the covenants or conditions conlaineil therein. If a mortK!!!,'!'!', who has taken possession utnlci- an invalid morti.M!:e. sells, does h.' thcrel.y jilacc his vendee in any heit.T relation than he himself horc towards creditors of the nmrtfrajror who liave j)rior riudits under their I'.Neeutions .' It is true th:il MS hctwecn himself and the mortjratror the mortpaire is valid, and. possession heintr ri«rhtfully taken as :iir.iin>t the morti.Mi:or. the latter will he estopped from settinir uj) any title as airainst a purchaser, if the sale is warranted and prop.'rly coiwlucted: Imt the mort^'a-rc heiny: invalid as a<;ainst creditors, and th.'ir rights having accrued i)rior to pos.sesision Iiein;; taken liy the mortgairce. the latter cannot perfc<'t his title hy such j)o.s.sessioii. nor can he put the proi)erty beyond the reach of cn^litors hy a .sale thereof to third parties: Dominion Hank v. S.ilnion, L'i O.W.R. HOS. If the mortga^'ee sells. ;i|.. sile will pass ;i ur,„d title to the purchaser, unless the attacking creditors could shew 102 BlUX OF SALE AND CHATTEI- MORTtlAtiES. El 7 M that the whole traniaction wa» a device to defraud cn-ditoM (Allen V. Ccwan, 23 N.Y. 502; Maughan v. Sharpe, 17 C.H. N.S. 442), aud even then, if the purehaaer haa again »old to bond fide purchaaen, the righta of the cmlitora would be eflfpctually extinguisheil as to the goals: ptr Hoyd, C, Davia v. Wickaon, 1 OR. 373. Hecause the mortgagee, under auch an instrument, has the right of poaaeaaion aa against the mortgagor, ao abt. CIIAPTKU VII TlIK I'l.MK (iK CoNTHACT. {■ a I'ni.ksx n coiifrHct is nmtm Ihhiok mofis, or is one wliii-h is Htrictl.v forMdili-ii liv flif law of thi- country whi-reiu it is to Im- pcrformi'"!, a confrai't, if valid in tin' coiintrv w lirr.in it ■> luaiii', in vhIuI cvciywlicrf : Ilopf v. Ilopf, s |). M & (i. 7:{I, "J'i L..I. Ch. 417; (ircy v. Lfvy. l(i C.M.N.S. Tit; nrmil.'y v. S K. Hrtil ('.... IJ (Mt.N.S. 7J. :tl l,.J.l'.l'. I'St;; Sawy.r & Miifwcy v Hoycc, 1 Sask. \i.li. '2'MK followinif Moniii v. KoIhtIxiii. "_' T< C.M.N.S. 2!»!»: Marker v. Central Vermont Uy. Co., l.{ (^ii ■ S.C. 2; Mlack V. The l^u.-en. 2!) Can. S.C.K. 6!);{. The law in tile i)rovince wherein the mortK»(;e i«, cvccuted ((overuti n.s to the nature, the validity, the construction, and ellVct of tip niortk'aire (I'eninsular & Oriental v. Shand, :J Moo. I'.C.N.^ 272K and the niort'.'ajfe will hr enl'oi d in another provinc'. thout;h, hail it lieen originally rxi'ciited in the latter provinr it wouhl have liei'ii ileclared illeffal l>y reason of some defirt under the laws lliirein. In tlii' aliscnee of a statutory proviNin:: ti' the ftVet't thai a iiKirtifiijfe made out of the province np :i pro])ert\ not situated within it at the time of the execution of the instrument is to he re-i'e>{L>itered within the province in which the j?oods are sul)MM|Ucntly removed, the Mills of Sale .\i-\. in the ahsence of such prnvision can not he pven an appliciilii:! hy reason of the jftMxls afterwards liein(? hrnujrht within the limits of the province (Uiver Stave Co. v. Sill, 12 O.K. r>7(); Mmnii THE I'l.ACl-: UK (iiSTIIAcT M.I V. KoU-rt/tOII. 2 TflT. \..\l. L'l ; Ciiimn.ll \ S,.w,.||, ,"1 II. iV; N. 72?*: FiiirhiiiikH v. Hlinulicl.l. :> |)ii,r i\.V.i lU . Nur 1, it ui'fi'swjiry, ot'tfr the iroo. It" tlio iiiortyaKi- i.H cxicutcil ami riM-onltil ai.or.liiitf lo ilic laws ol' the proviiifi', or country, ol' itx .xtrution. il is .■tlVcliial to lioM tli • jiropcrty in tin- proviiuf to wliicli it is nmovcd: Kitkusom \. Clitror.l. :!7 \.1I. Hti; Kimj^M v. Taylor, 7 Ohio St. 1,14; Hall V, i'illow. .11 Ark, ;fj; lIoo|..r v, (iuiiin, L.U. 2 Ch, _'SJ. s,v H.s.s. i!K)<», ch, iHsti'. ;n(2). It' the niorttrav'f is >.'o;n lincludiiii: other provincial 1 juris- diction: Jones V. Twohey, 1 A.L.K. 2(j7, followinir Cimmell v. Sewell, 3 II. & \. t;i7, .-) II. & .\. 7lN : Cisiri.iue v hnrir. |,.|;. 4 ILL. 414; Itonin v. Rohcrtsoii, 2 Terr. L.;;. 21; Shapanj v. llynes, I114 Fed. Kep. 44!), .'.2 L.U.A. t;:.".; Han y v. Harris, 4f< Kan. GOti, 17 L.K.A. 70:i. In Ord National Hank v. Massey, 4M Kan. 7(J2, 17 L.R.A 12(, th.' Court held that the constructive notice imparted l>y tln' registration of a chattel niortjrnge in the county and state where executed, is not confined to that county and state, but protects the interests of the niortgajjee when the i)ropcrty is removed I'y the niortjragor to another state: National Hank of Conunerce V. Morris, 11-t Mo, 255, 19 L,H.A. 463. For the protection of creditors and subsequent innocent pur- chasers for value, the Ontario Bills t >alc Act, lU Kdw. VIL r.^; i^ 106 BILLS OP SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. ; il ch 65, sec. 19, requires the regifitratioii of a certified copy of the instrument, to be filed with the proper oflBcer of the county or district to which the goods are removed, within two months from such removal. This section, however, contains no provi- sion in the event of a removal of mortgaged chattels from other provinces, jurisdictions, or foreign countries; hence, as to the latter, the common law rule of the lex rei sita still governs. The "subsequent purchaser" in a case to which sec. 19 applies must be one who purchased after the expiration of the period from the time of removal, and though no copy of the mortgage is filed as the statute provides, it is valid as against a purchase made within such limited period: Hulbert v. Peter- son, 36 Can. S.C.R. 324. The place where the bargainor or mortgagor executes or signs the bill of sale or mortgage is the place where the contract is made, the locus cmtractus, the law of which will govern (Smith V. Mingay, 1 M. & S. 92), unless the property mortgaged is in a province other than that in which the instrument is executed, and then the lex rei sitte governs: Fowler v. Bell, 90 Tex. 150, 39 L.R.A. 254. When the property is situated in a province different to that wherein the mortgagor or bargainor resides, then, however regular the instrument may be under the law of the province of domicile, yet it will be invalid if it fail to conform with the laws of the province wherein the property is situated at the time of the execution of the documents: River Stave Co. v. Sill, 12 O.R. 557. The lex domicilii, in the case of mortgages of chattels, must give way to the l.x sUa when the law of the province wherein the property lies prescribes a diflferent rale of transfer from that of the province where the mortgagor lives: Green v. Van buskirk, 7 Wall. 139, 150. Every state has entire jurisdiction over all property, per- sonal as well as real, within its own territorial limits, and tli.- laws of the state regulate and control its sale and transfer, nii.! Ut THE PLACE OK CONTRACT. 107 all rights which may be affected thereby. If a foreigner, or citizen of another state, send his property within a jurisdiction different from that where he resides, he impliedly submits it to the rules and regulations in force in the country where ho places it. What the law protects, it has a right to regulate. And if two persons in another state choose to bargain concern- ing property situate elsewhere of the jurisdiction where the contract is made, they cannot expect that the rights of persons in the country where the chattel is situated, will be perinittvd to be affected by their contract : Clark v. Tarbell, 58 N'.H. 88. In a New York case, a .span of horses, at the time being in the State of New York, were mortgaged by a resident of that state to another. The mortgagor brought the horses to Canada and sold them to one who lought them in gootl faith without notice. Vnother resident in New York bought the horses, but never t them from Canada. After demand made upon the latter purchaser the mortgagee brought an action of trover, and was held entitled to recover: Edgerly v. Hush, 81 N.Y. I'J'J. When it is desired to enforce a mortgage, then the remedies must be pursued according to the law of the province in which the action is brought. The Itx fori determines, "so much of the law as affects the remedy only; all that relates 'ad Uils ordinationem' is taken from the law of that country where the action is brought": Ferguson v. Clifford, 37 N.H. 86; Barker V. Central Vermont Ry. Co., 13 Que. S.C. 2. Reference on the general law as to the situs of a debt may be made to R. v. Lovitt, [1912] A.C. 212; McMulkin v. Traders Bank, 6 D.L.R. 184, 26 O.L.R. 1; and Minot Grocery Co. v. Durick, 10 D.L.R. 126. The lex fori must be presumed to be the law governing a con tract, unless the lex loci be proved to be different: Canadian Fire Ins. Co. v. Robinson, 31 Can. S.C.R. 488 ; Black v. Moore, 2 N.B. Eq. 98; Garner v. Wright, 52 Ark. 385, 6 L.R.A. 715. CHAPTKR VIII. - i I SaI.K HV TIIK MOHTIJACEE. Onk of the reiiu'dies of n inortRajiff oii 8. The ordinary mortirage contains a provision empowering the mortgairee to .sell by public auction or private sale, anil, in order to acquire poss.ssion of the property for that purpos.'. to make entry upon the land of the mortgajror. or whereso- ever the gooils may be. and if need b." to break and fonv open doors, locks, etc. t Liunley v. Simmons. :{4 Ch.l). 698, fol- lowing He Morritt. 18 Q.H.D. 222) ; or if they are found on a public iii^'liway n)'S>-\\ v. City, etc.. Kiiiame Co., 17 (^.U.D. 2:i4 ; but the lilMTties extended to a mortiragee .lo not embrace tli.' rif:ht to connnit a breach of the peace, or even to threaten suc!i. in" order to obtain posses-sion. The moment resistance is lu.t with, the lesral reme.ly of replevin or trover accrues to tli mortgagee, and to these niiiedies he nuist resort. In taking i)os.se.ssion aft.T .Icfault. it is not absolutely essential that he should nmke claim under his mortga;re. so long as. in point of fact, he act.s by virtue of it; but he sliou! i not niake use of the .services of an officer of the law to d.'c.iv.' the mortgagor into bdieviii-' he is acting under lawful authority. PALE BY THE MOKTCAdEE. WJ when such is only a pn-tcncc: Murray v. Erskim-, 109 Muss. 'tOT; Thornton v. Cochran, "il Ala. 415. Ilavinj; obtaim-d possession, a niortgatrct' in scUinjr must, exercise proper care and disen'tion, and adopt such means as would be adopted by a prudent man to tret tlie l)cst ])riei' that can be obtained. lie must use every exertion to sell the property at the best price: Hennie v. Hloek. 26 Can. S.C.H. -VtG: Ormo V. Wrijrht, 3 Jur. 1!), 972; Bird v. Davis, 14 N.J. Kq. 467; Xeal V. Ko^'ers, 19 O.W.R. 87:{, affirming 19 O.W.K. 1:52 ; Van- stone V. Scott, 1 Alta. L.R. 462; (Irinies v. Gauthier. 1 Sash. L.K. 54; Hartrain v. Grice, 4 D.L.R. 682. 22 O.W.R. 191, apply- ing Latch V. Furlonji, 12 (Jr. 'M):i. He nuist not liarter or ex- change the property. lie must sell only tor money, as the word "sale" implies. This word is one "ot' precise le^ral import in law and in equity; it means at all times a contract between parties to pass rights of property for money which the buyer pays or promises to pay to the seller for the thing bought and sold": Williamson v. Berry, 8 How. 49.j; Kdwards v. Cottrell, 43 Iowa 194. It is well settled that tlioutih a mortgagee's power of sal> confers a clear right, it must be exercised with a due reirard to the purpose for which it is given. He must take all reasonable 1 leans to prevent any sacrifice of the property, inasmuch as 111- is a trustee for the mortgagor of any surplas that may remain (Jenkins v. Jones, 2 Gifl". 99, 108; Rennie v. Block. 26 Can. S.C.R. 356) ; his duty is "to bring the estate to the hammer under every possible advantage to Ills ci.sliii ((Ik liKst": in r Lord Kldon, Downes v. Grazebrook, 3 Mer. 205. It doubtless is the fact that though a mortgagee or his assignee selling under a power of sale, is a trustee for the mortgagor, with respect to the balance of the proceeds thereof, yet he does not, in the technical sense, stand merely in the posi tion of a trustee: Ex parte Rawlings, Re Cleaver. IS (^.B.l). 4SII. He has a beneficial interest, which is the realizing of his security, in other words, getting paid his mortgage money, interest an I 11 110 BILLS OF SALE AND CIIATTEI, MORTOAOES. t costs; that is his right, but he will not be aUowed to exercis-; that right without a due consideration of the interest of -he mortgagor; and the interest of the mortgagor n-qulres that the sale shall take place as henofieially to the mortgagor as if the mortgagor hi; .*'lf were selling the property : Falkner v. Equit- able, 4 Jur. N.S. 1214; Prentice v. Consolidated Bank. 13 O.A.R. 69. Apart from the implied trust with respect to the surplus of the procewls realized from the sale, a mortgagee, selling under the power of sale in the mortgage is not a trustee for the mort- gagor, and is not liable for nny loss by reason of the sale, unless guiltv of wilful negligeu.'e and default ; and when such should occur, aid he property be sold at an undervalue, the mort- gagee is chargeable with full value thereof: Wilson v. Taylor. 7 ll.L.K. 317, 48 C.L.T. 707. In the exercise of his power of sale he is bouneing already satisfitnl. ani ^ SALE BV THE MORTtlAOEE. Ill if he does, the mortgagor will ho mtitled to an action of trover, and can recover the full value of the gooulations of the mortsrane, and if the sale be not eon- ducted rejnilarly the mortgagee will be resi)on8ible for any damages the mortgagor suffers by a departure from the terms of the instrument : Freeman v. Freeman, 17 N..!. Kq. 44. Where loss occurs to mortgaged property in consequence of want of rea.sonabIe care in its removal from the place of seiznre to the place at which it is sold, the proper measure of damages recoverable by the mortgagor is the amount of depreciation in value caused by the negligent manner in which the removal was etfected: I'nion Hank of Canada v. McIIugh. 44 ("an. S.C.R. 47;?, affirmed on this point by Privy Council, 10 D.L.K. 562. A suit will lie to set aside a sale had under a power of .s;il' in the mortgage, but nnlress is less easy in such a proeeediii-' than in one wherein it is sought to charge the mortgagee with damage resulting from negligence and want of care in sellini: the property. In the former case the Court will not interf. r if the power of sale has been exercised bom) fidr, and for tl ■ purpose of realizing the debt, and without collusion with t'.. pnrcha,ser, even though the sale be very disadvantageous, unl' ns the price be so low as in itself to be evidence of fraud: Dav.> V. Bowman, 1 DeG. & J. .335, 577; Warner v. Jacob, 20 Clil> 220. When there exists fraudulent undervalue, which simplv means such gross undervalue as shews either actual and iiitr-:- RAI.K HY THE MORT(iA(iKK. 113 tional fraud, or gross negligence, constituting in equity a fraud on the mortgagor (Latch \. Furlonff, 12 (Jr. 30«>; Crawford V. Meldrum, 3 K. & App. R. 113), the salt- will he set aside, even though there do«'8 not exist the least intention of wrong. The error may be one of judjrment, yet the rule is imperative that a mortgagee must act in these matters as a provident owner would. Fraud vitiates nil things, and when then- is collusion between the mortgagee and mortgagor to so eonduet the sale as to lessen the ehanecs of ereditors, then it is probable that they would be permitted to contest the sale, if the fraud eould be broupnt home to the purehasers: (iordoii v. Clapp. 113 Mass. 335. The mortpigor must act with reasonable prompti- tude; he cannot, knowin-j of the wronjr, lie by and do nothing. If he docs, he may lose his rights, if a .sale be made to third parties, innocent of the irregularity or fraud practised in the sjile (Maron v. Drewery. 4 S.L.R. 26; Wylder v. Crane, 53 III. 40(1; Williams v. Sun Life Assurance Co., 4 D.L.R. 655; Jones v. North Vancouver, etc.. Co., |1910] A.C. 317), and, of course, il:" he take the benefit of the sale in any way, as by coasenting to an application of th.- stir|)lns proceeds to the satisfaction of an execution atrainst himself, he will be estopped from afterwards objecting to the sale: McConnell v. People 71 111 481. It is most important to advertise and to give such publicity to the sale as a prudent proprietor would, so that the sale may be conducted under circumstances of the greatest ad- vantaKe: Marriott v. Anchor, 7 Jur. N.S. 155. Especially is fhi.s important when the power to take possession and sell re- quires an advertisement, but failure to advertise does not entitle the mortgagor to regain possession of the property, but may be grounds for allowing damages: Whitaker v. Sigler, 44 Iowa 419; Xeal v. Rogers, 19 O.W.R. 873, affirming 19 O.W.R. 132. It is the ordinary custom before a sale by auction to give every publicity to it by advertisement in the newspapers, and by handbills containing a definite description to attract a rea- -1i ■ii iS if 8 — BILLS ( iM 114 BII.!^ OP «AUt AND CIIATTKI. MDHTOAdES. «,n«bU. numbor of bidden.: M.UuKh v. nni.m »»">«• ^ ^^„^;- H 177. in Hp,n.al. Union Hank v. M.UngU, 44 <.an. S.(Jl. 47.t. and 10 1).^.K. 5G2 (WO ; Kii-hn.ond v. Kvana. S dr. ..1«. An.l HO H»H.ur.. are Iho ri^btH of a mortRaK..r to bave a sal., properly cculuete.!. that, it is no defenee. when be seeks b.. remedu«. tba he : nutVers constitutes an invalidating ground of the sale in favour If the purchaser: Wright v. Bentley. 11 D.I.K. ^1^; o..a: V Castle, (i Term. H. ti42; Green v. Hrave.stcR.k, 14 (h ow lU^x V. Marsh. :{ Y. & J. M^ . Cnnvder v. Aust..,. ■ Hi,..'. 348; Fuller v. Abrahams, ti Moore C.P. 316; WheeLr v Collier, M. & M. 123; Mortimer v. Bell, L.R. 1 Ch. 10= S,n::h V Harrison, 3 Jur. 287 ; Gilliat v. GiUiat, L.R. 9 Eq. 60. ^\^^ere the goods are sold by auction it will ordmanly 1 .. reasonable precaution to fix a reserve bid; but unless the a.ut.on sale is expressly "without reserve." the seller can at any v.-^. befo.e the gooils an knocked down withdraw them from ::. sale In fact it would be a mortgagee's duty to do .so .: i-^ higlu«t bid .lid not rea.'h a proper priee for the good.s: \ =■ stone V. Scott, 1 A.L.R. 462. Hence, where the proporrv ;. advertised to be sold "without reserve" any interference .. .- . or indirect, bv the vendor, which may effect the rights •. •. ^^■ highest bidder, will preclude the vendor from the aul ■ ■ :^ Court to enforce the sale : Robinson v. Wall, 2 Ph. 3.-- ; JL .'.■»• SALE BV TlIK MOKTIIAOKK. iir. V. THiin.T. .') Madd. .'J4; Thornett v. Haines. 15 M. & \V. :»«7. Puffinff, however, does not invalidate the sale, if the puffer does not bid beyond the fixed reserve prii e ; but the sale is bad, if the puffer is employed for the purpose of runninK up the purchaser, and not .solely to prevetit a sale bt^low the reserved price: Mortimer v. Hell, L.K. 1 f'h. 10; Dimmock v. Hallett, L.K. 2 Ch. 21. The fact that the inortfcTijfe contains a power of sale do»!8 not compel the mortgagee to pursue that method of realizinj; uimii h« .security. It is a cumulative remedy. The mortgagee's titl.) becomes absolute, subject to tiie mortgiijror's right to redeem; and even though the mortgage stipulate that upon a sale the mortgagor shall be paid over all the proceeds after payment of the mortgage debt, still the mortgagee is not compelled to resort to sale: .Xieholls v. Webster, 1 t'liand. (Wis.) 2o;{; Durfee v. Grinnell. 69 111. :{71 ; MeConneJI v. Scott, «7 111. 274. A provision for sale after forfeiture does not extend the time for payment in favour of the mortjrjigor, nor does it in any way add to, or give to, the interest of the mortgagor greater strenirth: Durfee v. (irinnell. (i!» 111. 371. The mortgagee is not liable beeau.se he retains the proi)erty, deelining to make sale of it, the simple result of his so doing being that the mort- gagor's right to redeem is prolonged; Mradliy v. Ke.lmoMd, 42 Iowa 4.'>2; Manitoba Lurnl>er f'o. v. Kinmerson, .'» D.L.K. .■{:{7. The mere taking of a bill of exchange doi-s not suspend the right to seize under the hill of sale: liraiiiwejl v. Kgliiitoii, L.|{. 1 Q.B. 494, affirming 5 B. & S. 39. It is (|uite possible for the mortgagor to set up a verbal eon- tract for the extension of time for payment, based upon a new consideration, and if such verbal contract be shewn to exist, then a mortgagee cannot, when there is a redemise elau.se in the mortgage, or where by implication the mortgagor is to re- tain pos-session, take possession before the expiry of such ex- tension without constituting himself a wrong-doer 'Williams V. Stern, L.R. 5 Q.B.D. 409, disapproving Albert v. Grosvenor I i I lilH: 1K5 Hll.l^ or KAI.K ASn niATTKI, MtlHTllAllK.S. . . r I* 'I i '.i J I I |„v.*t....ut Co.. L K. :t W.M. l'^:»). when- it ^^m UM t»u.l a v.rt^.l oxtoMion without .•on.i.l.THtion operatcti aa a wa.v.r of th« default. O.-niTHlly HpeakinR. tho luorttraKo provid.* that the inortRaReo ...nv h.-!! at privaf aah-. Thi>, ho .nay do, notw.th- HtaiulinK provwion ia aUo made for a aah- by pul.l.c auet.on. In n.'ithor oaw ia notic nm-HHi.ry to thr ...ortKauor. ..nI.'hh tlu- in- ^truni,-..t d.maiuU it (llallon v. Cum.intjhan.. tiO Barb. (N.^.) 4-5; (•ha.nl..-rlai.. v. Martin, 4:J Harh. (N.Y.) .107); but th. ..in.uu,«t«n..-s surr«u.ulm« a private m\. will be Hoanne.l very jeaiouHlv, to see if fraud or neKlig.>nce ha« taken place m th. eonduet"of the «de: Dane v. Mallory. Itl Marb. iN.Y.) 4(i. fnlesa there ia fraud to whieh the purehaser is a party, a private sale will p.us to hiui a Koohmer v. Zuber. 20 0.^\ U If the mortgage provides for notiee beini? given, th.n n. form of notice and the mml." and manner of giving it. :is jr. scrib'd b- the mortgage, mu.st be followed strictly, though .n- formalities and omissions which cannot detract from the ^..!:. or pn-ju NolJ, lire not Niuli Mn>n){i« in thi* i-onilii-t of a mIi> hi would render llu' noticf inftl'i'i-tiiiil (Wiiitc v. l>i>niMon, .'>1 III. liVJ; Finch V. Sink, 4»i III 169; McConn.-ll v. Scott, fi7 III. "JT-Jl ; nor if till- stiitfiiiciii of tin- amoinit diit- on tiu- niort^HKc )k! inconHidernldy or slinhtly in cxcowi of III.- true amount will it l«' fatal: Uiiiiiwy v. .Mcrriiiiii. (> Minn. l HC.K. 2HJ; King V. Knglana, M r-..F.K.U. 14ti; M.M.r.. v. SinjpT. 72 !...?. K.U 578, 37 li.J.K.H. 460: lIimltTHon v. AalwooS, and wh.Tf a ol.-rk ..f tlu" niortgaKiH.'s solicitor purchaH.-d. J.ut paid uothin>r. and iinnu..iiHt.-ly n-conv.-y.'d to tlu- inortKaKco, tl.f HHl.' was h.-ld invalid: Kllis v. l>..llalK)U»fh. If. Or. M:\; I'arn. 11 V. Taylor. 2 li.J. Ch. 1!>'' Such a pun-has.- is none the h-sa ilU-Ral iH-caust- niadi- by a third party for and on b.-ludf of the niortgajfc- (l*.-ttition.- \ Perkins, fi Wis. «il6; Phares v. Harlwur, 49 111. :nO; Al«.r x Farley, 1!» Iowa 'AH; Heiitl.-y v. Morrison. 44 N.8.K. 47f.i. an 1 if the inortpiKee rea.ll at a |)rotit. the niort«a>for may elaim nil h profit : Cuuuinnham v. Kouera, 14 Ala. 147. Of eourw- a eons.-nt by the niortKaRor to a purchase by tii mortKasee overeonu my obj.t-tion, and the sale will not i. s.'t aside when such con8.-nt has In-.-n given: Ootlell v. !).« > 1(M» 111. :{(>S; Kninions v. Ilawn, 75 Ind. ;<56. If tlu- 8)ile is properly eonduotetl, then the mortgagee ni...v neov.-r any detieieney after applyinjr the proc.-wls of th.- >:i pro taiito towards payment of the mortgage debt: Chamt.- r. :. V. Martin, 4H Harb. ^N.Y.) ti07; Acadia Loan Co. v. Lt'Ken. 4' N.S.K. :fc!8. Or if in addition to the chattel mortgage, the niortKHi.'- > also the holder of a w-eond mortgage on the mort>ragors : i:.; as additional security, he may. if there is a deficiency u\'"!. . sale of the uowls and chattels on the mortgagee's del.. .:: proceed to have it satisfied from the surplus arising fron. r. sale of land under the first mortgage: Oreat West Life A-.: ance Co. v. Leib, 4 D.L.R. :»2. .41 HAI.K nV TIIK MURTdAdKK. nn A mortirairf'o who ki'IIh |irn|)<>rt,v iiiulcr hJN iiiiirtKMK<'. iI ''U'*- not lucceed in an action af^ainHt thu mortvaKii-. lncaiiMi' iht< proptTty hufi Imm-h tak«'n from him by the rijrhtful owmT; Sht-pherd V. Knrlci*, 1:1 Ilun. i^'Y.) H'A -, llarrin v. I.yiiii, 25 Kans. 'J81. ii...-tga^'i' •! pxpri'HM proviMion « Ih" iiu>rt((ai;or . I ' I ){(M> can ir^'i' to (to upon the . i>''KiiK*'i> to i;et poH8eH!iion of. ri>\ \' M > w apart from such an ■ ■ - <\ > i, i-ation; that is, of • . i ; '.) - -w p()wie8Mion. ilavinr '. i.-'' " ,• 'i'l ■ entitle him to pons - ■!' • .. tn, eombine both rights ii. m ' ■ i . ' mortifa>{or'H land to Kct jii«si >ii ol iK- he would Im" had the mortga •• ..■ '.ut\t )■ his premises: MeOregor v. Me. . . i- I .L'.t .1*. MX: WcKille v. Home, 2 Q.B.l). :J55; Saint v. Pilley, h.U. 10 Kx. VM -. but the mortgagpp, in pxereising such right, ought not to do other- wise than in a peaeeable and reasonable manner: MeNeal v. Kmerson, l."> (Jray (.Miuts. ) :W4; and it appears that he cannot justify an entry upon the land of another for the purpose of taking his own pro|H-rty, unlesN he shews that it was upon tht; land by the wrongful act of the person in pasMission of the land, and without any fault or neglect on his own part : Kichard- son V. Anthony, 12 Vt. 27:1. CHAPTER IX. LaNDIA)RD'8 RlOJlTS. ii n I WiiKBE the relation of laiidlonl and tenant exists, the liiw implies a right of diHtr."88 iw necejwarily incident thereto: Bell on Landlord and Tenant. 'IM. By the eominon law, fixtures, aiii main ferir natiira, things in actual us.-, things in the cu8toy purchas*-, gift, tniKsf. r. or assignment from the tenant, whether alwolute or in trusi. or by way of mortgage or otherwise, nor to th.' interest of Hi. tenant in any goods ou the premises in the poBseasion of th' tenant under a contract for purchase or by which he nmy or is to W-come the owner thereof upon performance of any con I; tion, nor where goods have been exchanged between two teni.nis or persons, by the one borrowing or luring from the other i.r the purpose of defeating the claim of, or the right of di.sti -s by, the landlord, nor shall the lestriction apply where prop. )ty LANDLORD S RKillTS. 121 is claimed by the wife, husband, daughter, son, daughter-in- law, or son-in-law of the tenant, or l)y any other relative of his, in case such other relative lives on the prciniHes as a menil)er of the tenant's family, or by any person whose title is derived by purchase, gift, transfer or assignment from any relative to whom such restriction does not apply:" 1 Geo. V. liill. ch. 37, sec. :U; 18!)4, Ont. (oT Vict.) ch. 43, sec. 1, 1897, Ont. (60 Vict.) eh. 1.'), schedule A, item 60; Anderson v. Scott, 8 D.L.R. 816 ; Battison v. I'otvin, 27 Que. S.C. 16;'. The word tenant referred to in the statute .ueludes a sub- tenant, assignee of the tenant and any perNon in actual oeeupa- tion under and with conwnt of the tenani. Hut an agent ap- pointed by assignees of the tenant for the sole purpose of e.xhibit- insf the premises to prospective lessees, and without authority to let or grant possession of tlieiiL an' not deemed in occupation 'uniier" the assijrnees, and their gcKxis are therefore exempt from distress: Farwell v. Jameson, 26 Can. S.t'.R. 588. Therefon? thou<.'h a mortgai.'ee may have the rij?ht to posses- sion of the mortgaged property, that ritrht nmy be lost by a dis- tres.s being regularly made at the instance of a landlord of the l)reiiii«<'a upon which the gooils are at the time of the distresH. The rea.son is that the landlord has a lien upon these goiMls in respect of the place in which they are found, and not in respect of the person to whom they belong: Wooeiug dis- trained for rent after the mortgage has taken possession: Eng- land v. Marsden, L.K. 1 (M*. '.-'it. When a mortgagee has tak( n po88.>ssioi. of til- n.ortga-ed «oo.ls, and allows them to n'main o.i the mortgagor 8 |. remises without any request Trom the mort- gagor, and while they so remain (tlie mortiragor's family fsi.l ing on the pr.-mis.'s^ rent falls .lue, for whi.-h the landlord .lis trains, the mortiragee eannot recover .sueb r.nt from tli.- iiioit Riigor iiiiles.s the latter has, in the mortgage or otherwise. ttgre,-d with him to pay it. Tlu- reason is that the mortgage.- havin- lli>' right of prop.Tty aii.l also the poss.-ssion. li.' is so far like uiit.. an owner of th.' (,'omls distrain.-.l. that hi.s position is that of on. who. ehw^siiig to place his own g.Hxls upon the pn-mi-s.-s .>: another, .•aiuiot set up as a compulsory payment, a payment 1; • has b.vn oblig-Ml to make in order to rel.'as.- his go.'i,gee. the g.Kxls an l.fl upon th.- .l.Miiise.l pniiiis.'s iii ' I.ANr)I.OHI> S HItMITS. 12:l request or direct instigation of the inortjTHjfor, then, if ilistniined upon for rent, the inortgaRee, bavinjf paid the amount, can re- cover the same from the mortgagor ( Kxall v. Partri(l},'e. H T.U. WH) ; and he lik<'\vise can recovip the rent from a third person, if such thiril person is lia})le therefor, and the j,'ooils are left or placed upon the (h'lnised premises at tlie request of such third person, or so far for tiis benefit tliat a request will he implied; hut if such third person Ls under no duty or oblijration to pay the rent, then no |)rivity arises between the parties, and a pay- ment by the mortgagor to release his goods woubl so far bi', in law, a voluntary payment that no action will lie atriiinst sueh third i)erson for its recovery: Herring v. Wilson, 4 O.K. ••••T. However, tile jtayment of rent b\ the tenant to tln' mort- gagee of till' landlord under a threat of iigal proceedings aiiioiints to a com[)uLsory iiayinciit wliieli relieves the tfiiant from distress and further liability to the hindlonl: I'lill'er v. Ireland, 10 O.L.H. .-17. liy 1 (Jeo. V. eh. ;t7, .see. 47 Unt.); 2 (;<'o. H. (Imp.) ch. V-K see. 1, it is I'nacted that: "In ease any tenant or tenants, le.s.see '■>• les.sees for life or lives, tiTiii of years, at will, siilTer- aiier, or otherwi.sc, of any mi'ssu:iges, lands, tenements, or lier- I'ditaiuents, upon the demise or lioldin<; whereof, any rent is or shall be reservd, due, or made payable, shall fraiidiileiit'v or clandestinely convey away, or carry otV or from sm b preiu- ises, his, her, or their ;,'oo H. & N. 202), there- fore goo' to jjooiU illegally distrained for allege.l fraudulent removal Ixeaus,. oi a pretende,! sale of th.m l>y him, the eRVet of whieh was to v.-t th.- po88»'SKion but not the property in the gook, :n O.K. 4ti:}. In view of the fact that the landlord may .so follow tli. jL'oods. and th.- mort-.'ag.-e Ix- powrrless to act wh.Mi the n\ort tiHiH- contains a rc.h-mise clause, and in view of tlie doul.' existing as to the mortgagee's right to possessioiL even wh.ii . redemise clause is omitted, it m; -hi be judicious to provii. for a ritrht to posw-ssion in the mortgagee when the g(M)d,s iii removed from otT the premiws for any .such puri.osr. so tha- oil the in.stant of removal the mortgagee's rights will arin.'. tin ownership of the proi>erty at one.' iiass. an.l, iM-cau.sc th.- <-'OlK^ ar.' no longer th.- property of the tenant, the lamllonl'-s ngl • to 8<'i/.e till- property at once ceases. The statute .■nablimr a lan.Uor.l to sell (2 W. & M. .s.-ss. 1. cli 5), implie« that then- shall he a vendor and a punliaser. aiii the landlord cannot himself be both vendor and purcha-s-T. lli. sale must Ix' to a third person: King v. Kngland. 4 B. & S T-J M.H)re V. Singer. 72 L..I.K.M .wH. :?7 I...I.K,li. 4ti(»: llen.l.i-ii V. Astwowl, 11H94] A.C. ir)H. Therefon>. if a landlord distra:- upon mortgag.-.l gtMHls. an.l Im-coiucs himself the purehawr. t'> mortgag.v nwy maintain trover for the goods; and becaus.' th | I' I hi I* I I.ANDLoRn S HKilirs. 123 property by the sale in-vcr vi-stB in the lajullonl. he eaiiiiot sue- {•e»«fully set up a lien for his rent : Spain v. MeKay, 44 N.S.R. 74; Tinprley v. Sharpe, H W.L.K. 1.'>!I. Williiims \. (ir.y, •_»:{ I'. ('.('.P. Vil. The niortKagor's consent to the landlord lH>eoinini? piireh;Mer would not overrid. the ueneral rule of law. iM-oausfi his ('onsent is not the coiwent of tlie owner of tli>' proi)erty ; hut if tile tenant. iHini; the owner of the property, eonsent to the landlord taking tlic propt-rty at an appraised price it will pass to tlic landlord, and he ean hold it as airainst a creditor whose (\»'i-uti(>n ha.s siil>se<|nently issii.-d, [.lovided. of eoursr, there i^ m iiiiincdiatf dcliv-Tv foUoufd \>y an ai-iuiil and rontinued i-liarufi- of [xiKscssion ( WixmLs v. li'Mikni 1^ I t I'.l'. 44; llijrialiani v. .M(d\a.\ , ^ D.L.IJ \':'. V.* C l.-l Tli i . and tiie law J^ not dilfiTi'nt if a liailitV is iiit.-iposeil. ainl If. afl.-r an un- MM'1'is.Htul att.-iiipt to sell tile prup.-rty. sfll to !!i.' landlord uith tin i.iianfs eonsi-nt ; tli.'n if 1lie t-nant n iiiams in poKs.'ssion as lielDiiv 'lionudi a stranL'i-r lir put in riiarfrc. thr sair wdl In- of iKi awnl )(.s ajrainst eicditors. sul>s,'<«-s unii'ss a [irior hill of .sale 1m' rcLastiri-il, or tlicn- he an iiiini'iliatc delivery and an aetnal and eontiiued eliaiiL'"' of pos.s.-SHion : Buridiain v. Waild.'ll. JS I.C.i .1'. L'li !, :! o A.I; L'SS ; Toiidinson v. Consolidated Credit Corj).. 24 (.i.lVI) !:!■'> The rehition of iamilord and tenant may I n-ated by proper words Ix-twei'n the inorlirai.'ee and his niort«a<.'or lor the hiimi fidi purpose of further seeurinp the debt without lient'.; either a fraud upon creditors or an eva.sion of th-' ehallel aiort- (.M^'e .\ets: Trust (.Si Loan v. La\vra.son. H' Can. S.C.I; t.T'i. atliriMinjr ti A.R. (Ont.) •JSiJ; rever?*in^' 4."> r.C.(i.l'. 17(1; f()l lowed in -MeDoiniell v. Huildinp and Loan .Vssn.. 1" O.U. •'>">>'' |t- "Sti 126 BILU* or HALE AND CIIATTRI, MORTOAOES. t ■« ■ :iS If « landlord obUin the iurrendiT of a leaw from his tenant, then the whole of the property become* legally vented in th.- lamllonl without the existence of any tenancy, and if, prior to 8ueh HurnMider, the tenant has grante.l a mortRBgi' on the Rrow- inK croiw, which the landlord ia put to expenae in cultivatinu' an niorttriijf"' under the ehattrl morl);a«e A.t> Ixrause lie is neither u enditor, 8ul»st(iuent purehaser, ii.u liiorlK.lcee. (iriiV.i v. MeKeli/.ie. 4i^ will 11 tile poH.s«ssioii results from the act of the parties, and n • wluii it rcKultH fnun some incident attiiehe SUM. I!t8. There is notl. : .• to priviiit a landlord taking a inortjraue to secure his n Should he do so. he does not (unli-ss he so expressly ak'n waive his riirhts as landlord, including that of distress; th ; fore his failure to n-t-ord his iiiorttiijre. or the inv^alidity oi 'i. lii 1 n la LANDLORD 8 KliillTX. 127 instrument from Bonu' defwt ariaiiif; uuilt-r th«« statute, may be found to be immat<>riHl wben hm rijrbts im lundloi-tl can Iw enforced: Pitkin v. Fl«'tcher, 47 Iowa .'»:i. But to entitle tb.- landloni to such rijfht thi-n- must Ik> a n>al l»«8e, and tbe n-iit r««ervcd must In* nsd ami liomi fidi and not fxccssivt', and tluTc must exist an intfiition of the i>artit'8 to create a real tenancy at ii real n-nt, and not merely under colour and pretenee of a Ipase, to «ive the mortifagee addi- tional set'urity: Stikenuin v. Kuminerton. 21 Man. L.U. 754. foliowini? Imperial Lo»in v. Clement, 11 Man. L.H. 42S ; IIoMis V. Ontario Loan & I)el>, Co., IS Cmh S.C.R. 4M:I; Walerous Knifine Works Co. v. Wells. 4 S.L.H. 4S, roilouinK In n- Howes. 14 Ch. 1). 72."); Iiidepcndeiil l.iiMil)er Co. v. Diivid. .'> S l,.K. 1. Where the landlord of the mortjfafror distniined and im- pounded the njort (.'Hired Roods. Iiut inxtead of proeemlinK with til.' sale at the end of live days, or retaining the bailiff in iielual piMw'Viiou, left the g(„>ds in the tenant's eari', under an under- tJikiiiK hy the mortjfauor to the baiiitT to produce the jrootis, the nii)Pti;aKor havinji re C1,.I l!»!l; (i.Kii.ll V .McTanmey. It! O.W.R, 176. The accept^mcc of a promi*(»2. In Ontario, legislation has Imh'h enacted by wtuch the riudit of a mortKajree of n-al estate to distrain for itiliTest in arrear upon a iiiorttraire is limited to the goods and chattels of the niorti;a;;or. and, as to sueh goods and chattels, to H\i<'h only as are not exempt from seizure under execution; 10 Kdw. VII. e applied in satisfaetion of the interest: Kdnionds v. Ilainiltou I'rov. (1891). 18 O.A.K. M'. Where in pursuanee of the autiinrity of the tnortgaKee, ii ImilitT distrains the jroods of a stranger upon the mortgaKed pn-niiws for arrears dne uniler the mortgage, the liability for his illegal aet will be ehnrpd to liiN prineipaj. the niortgiiirir MeMri.le V. Hamilton Provident, ete.. Society. 2!t O.K. Hi'.', following l,ewi.s v. IJ.'JhI, M M. & W. •J:J4 : llaHcier v. l,.'moyii.'. .■> C.H.N.S. '>M). ill I- ii^ I! CHAl'TKR X. KiuiiTs AND Kemediem uf Ckkditoks. I • ? TiiK chattel motigagc, ActH do not iimki> viilid tiiow ooiivt-.v- atiLVH which are void *-ithfr at voiiiinon Itiw or by statute: wi! l:{ Kliz. ch. 5; 1 Oeo. V. ih. 24, np<'HliiiK K.S.O. H!I7, eh. 11.'), 10 Edw. VII. ch. 64, n'lH'alinjr H.S.O. lH!t7. .1. 147. The for- mer Htatut<*8 lay ilown further rulcH and riHiuin-iiu'titN in th*r interests of creditors, and thctM- requin'inents must he olmerved and |>crforraed in onicr to uphold transaetions within their purview. Tile Statute of KlizalM-th maki*H void fraudulent trifts or eonveyflnees "only as aKainst that of iH'rson or persons, his or their heirs, successors, administratorH and assi^^ns, wIuim! iiifioiis, etc are, shall, or mi^ht Ik- iu any wiw dis- turlH'd, hiiKlered, delayed, or defrauded." Such u eonvey- iiiiee, as ai^ainst the party ntaking it, remaias valid lunl elFee- tiial 'Robinson v. McDonnell, 2 H. & A. 1;14), and a sulis.quent voluntary conveyance will not Ix- preferred to it: Hou(;liton v. Houtfhlon, 1 Atk. 625; Allen v. Arme. 1 Vern. :«).'»; ClaveriuK V. ( lavering, 2 Vern. 47:1. But when the conveyance is obtained I'lora the settlor by fraud, then the properly will pass under a Ml '-sequent voluntary conveyance: Young v. Cottle. 1 1'. VVms. 102. It was. at one time, doubted if the Statute of KliadM-th ap- plied to any creditors but thost; who were such at the time of the i((nv(vanee: Kidney v. Coussmaker, 12 Ves. I't6. Hut there IS no doubt that that statute makes no distinction In'tween credi- tors: and a fraudulent assignment is void against Imth Kubs<'- 9 — KILLS OF 5ALI, Itii n i ii I 11 i I . I H 130 BILL8 OF 8AL1 AND CIIATTEI, JIOBTOAltf-S. quont «iKi exiting creditor! (Graham v. Furbur. U CD. 410; 23 LJ.O.P. 51; Mackay v. DourU.. LM U Kq. 106), yet n creditor deairing to attack an inatrumont aa In-ing void rauat put himaelf in a aituation to complain by getting judgment an.l ..xccution: McGiveriu v. Mc(^«u«i«n,l, 19 U.C.C.P. 4«0; Coh.uu. V Croker, 1 Vea. Jun. 1«1 ; Porter v. Flintoff, 6 U.C.C.P. :i:J«; Martin V. Podger, 5 Burr. 26:n ; White v. Morrin. 11 C.B. 101.. Ipon an application by a creditor, under the A».ignmentH Act, B.S.N.8. ch. 145, to aet aaide a deed of conveywnce of pro perty made by the inaolvent debtor in contravention of aeetioi. 4 with intent to hinder and dekiy the creditor, the AmhI may In declared void aa againat the creditor without a finding of lli.> precia.' amount of the creditor's claim, provi.i.-d aome amoim; ia found to be due. an accounting to follow if nec*«iary: Wlui ford V. Brimmer, 7 D.L.H. I'JO. An ordinary unpaid cnnlitor or one whoae goodn have m • been dinpoxed of by their debtor by means of a bulk aal.- I.:i ao interest in attacking a aale even though mad-- without ti. ,lu.- fonualities, such emliton* having' th.-ir ordinary cominoii law rijrht tjuaranteed by C.C. (Que.) 10;»:{ ,t »cq., in e.u... il. aalc ia made in fraud of their rights: Haiiiwiy and Son. \.u\ \. Tureotte, 7 D.L.K. -'7. 42 Que. S.C. 459. One action to set aside as fraudulent at against ernli'm, two succemive conveyances of th.' wiiiie property may be brou-ht against both grantees when- it is alleged that iKJth conv.v:n, - were part of the same fraudulent s<-heme and that l>oth gni - were parties to the fniud: Burns v. Matejkn. I D.L.B. >'''■ ^ A.L.R. 58. Where a debtor has fpiiu i non-jud(,'ment creditor is entitled to have further tninsf.iv ., joined until he can obtain ju.lginent in his action to \w\•■^■■\. the conveyance: Alhertson v. Seeord. I D.L.R. WM, 4 .S.l.I! "" Fairchild v. Elmxlie, 2 A.L.K. 115. The fact that a debtor applied some of his own money m ili purehas.' of property in his wife's name would not ren.i.r tii. UOBTS AND REMr.DIE.H OP ( 'REftlTOItH. 131 wholf property li«bli> for pnyi --nt of the croditw'ii claiiim, Init Hurh liability Nhould Iw roatrictod to th*> Hinomit no Rppli<>(l, with A proportiotul ihara of increaae if th<> proptTty hoa incroniH<. it waa questioned whether the liquidator in a winding-up pro(tdint( under R.S.C". liKMi, eh. 144, can ohjeet to the want of regiatnitiim or other formal defecta in a chattel inortifaKe na a ere, n>lyiug on the dictum of Stn^-t, J., in Re Ciinadian Camera Optical Co.. 2 O.L.R. 677, ti7!», it wa.s held that a liquidator, though in no aenae an aaaignee for value, being from the be- (finning prinui facie lawfully in poaaeaaion of the company 'a assets as an officer of the Court, and being charged with the duty of applying the proceeda in the payment of creditora, is entitled in right of the cnnlitoni, to conteat the validity of a chattel mortgage without transfer of poaaeaaion, and without rfgistration under the Hills of Sale and Chattel Mort);ag<- Act. Mut in Re Canadian Shipbuilding Co. (1912), »i D.LR. 174, 2« O.L.R. 564, Riddell, J., diwienting from the dictum of Mr. Justice Street, held that a liquidator ia not a cn-ditor, nor a purchaser for value within the Ontario Hills of Sale and Chat- til Mortgamre Act. There was a motion for leave to appeal in 7 D.L.R. 304, and it was there contended that the question i.i of i,'r<'at public importance, and that the Court of Appeal did not ileeide it, though raiaed in Re Rainy Lake Luml)er Co. {xupra). The motion was diamiaKd on the ground that the ap- peal only raist'd an academic quention, and that even if the trial judgment were reversed by the Appellate Court, there would be no material change of the sulwtantive rights of the partii's, since the liquidator could not attack the irregularity of a bill of sale where the creditors could not succeed. k MKiocorr iBOuniON tbt cmait (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 7) 12^ : 1^ |3^ y. ^ |2£ li^ ■ 1.6 J /APPLIED IIVMGE Inc ^ '65 J £otl Mo.n Street Rochestef, Ne» Yorw i*609 USA (716) 482 - 0300 - Pftone (716) 2M - 5989 - fa- I 132 BILLS OP SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. I I; ! ^ ; it K il I! I ur I i 1 : I I: ■ i * ! i- i I ' I In 1913, however, the Ontario Bills of Sale Act was amend- ed so as to include in the statutory definition of a "creditor" for the purposes of that Act (10 Edw. VII. ch. 65, sec. 2), the liquidator of a company in a winding-up proceeding under the Winding-up Act of Canada, 3 Geo. V. (Ont.) ch. 18, sec. 28. Should the mortgagee sue upon the mortgagor's covenant, and obtain judgment, issue execution and seize the mortgaged goods, then his mortgage security is waived, provided the mort- gage and seizure be upon the same property, because the two liens are essentially diflFerent, and differently affect the interests of third parties: Evans v. Warren, 122 Mass. 303; Whitney v. Farrar, 51 Me. 418 ; Libby v. Cushman, 29 Me. 429. Whatever interest the mortgagor has in goods can be sold, and the Ontario statute, 9 Edw. VII. ch. 47, sec. 17, authorizes its sale (Ross v. Simpson, 23 Gr. 552; Allan v. Place, 15 O.L.R. 476) ; but the property, if sold, must be so disposed of that the mortgagee may find the property, should he find it necessary to take possession: Manning v. Monaghan, 1 Bosw. (N.Y.) 459. Under a similar statute the interest of one who has granted pro- perty by bill of sale absolute on its face as the security for the payment of a debt, may be sold under execution: McConeguy v. McGaw, 31 Ala. 442. The purchaser will be placed in the position of the mort- gagor, and the sheriff has the right to seize goods in the pos- sessrion of the mortgagee, so that he may expose them to view, in order to sell the equity of redemption: Smith v. Cobourg, 3 V.V. 113. Under an execution, the sheriff may seize and sell the in- terest or equity of redemption in any goods of the party against whom the execution is issued, and such sale shall convey what- ever interest the mortfragor has in such goods and chattels :it the time of the delivery of the writ to the sheriff: McKay v. Harris, 32 N.S.R. 150. If a sale is made of the interest of a judgment debtor, sub- ject to a mortgage, then the purchaser acquires the debtor's Vi RIGHTS AM) REMEDIES OF CREDITORS. 133 interest in the goods as well as that of the creditor, and in con- sequence the mortgage may be void as against the purchaser, when it would be valid as against the debtor: Porter v. Parmley, 52 N.Y. 185. The interest of a mortgagee in goods mortgaged may also be sold under a fi. fa., as for example, by virtue of the Ontario statute, whereby it is provided that a sheriff shall seize any mortgages or other securities for money belonging to the pereons against whose effects the writ of execution has is- sued: 9 Edw. VII. ch. 47, sec. 18, amended by 1 Geo. V. ch. 17, see. 34(3), repealing R.S.O. 1897, eh. 77. The goods covered by a chattel mortgage executed in good faith to secure a debt of the mortgagee are held in Quebec not to be subject to seizure by the judgment creditors of the mortgagor, though their claims be anterior to the one secured: Creed v. Haensel, 24 Que. P.R. 361. Executions against goods placed in the hands oi the sheriff subsequent to the making of a valid chat- tel mortgage by the execution debtor on the goods seized., attach only to the equity of redemption, and are not entitled, under the Creditors' Relief Act, to share with executions placed in the hands of the sheriff prior to the giving of the mortgage: Howard v. High River Trading Co., 4 Terr. L.R. 109, following Roach v. McLachlan, 19 O.A.R. 496; Breithaupt v. Marr, 20 O.A.R. 689. The execution creditor may, of course, take the appropriate proceedings to attack the chattel mortgage, if it be invalid, and this is commonly done by an interpleader be- tween the mortgagee and the creditor after an adverse seizure of the goods themselves under an execution against the debtor. A mortgagee may maintain an action for damage to his re- versionarj' interest against a person selling mortgaged property, when the right of possession is in the mortgagor, and the re- vorsionary interest in himself (McLeod v. Mercer, 6 U.C.C.P. 197; Ooogins v. Qilmore, 47 Me. 9); and an action will lie against an execution creditor, if he has authorized or in any way ratified and adopted the action of the sheriff or other offi- cer in seizing the mortgaged goods: Watson v. Henderson, 25 r.C.C.P. 562; Light v. Hawley, 29 O.R. 25. 1 1 IfJIP 1 .M 1 1 !■ I !; 11 \ I p i f 'I lU Hi 1 1 1 il •-■ HI. ; I I !.■♦ -- ! i . I hi t i! 134 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL IIOETOAOES. But where there is no bond fide change of possession or a bill of sale regularly registered, the rights of execution creditors will be accorded a priority: Dominion Bank v. Salmon, 23 O.W.R. 608, Hence, if the mortgagee is not entitled to possession when the levy is made, then, until such right of possession accrues, he is not legally prejudiced, for the mortgagor may, when not re- strained by the terms of the mortgage, remove it from place to place nt his pleasure, and so may the purchaser under the execu- tion. But when the mortgagee's title became absolute he could claim his goods in the hands of the purchaser, and maintain an action if they should be withheld from him (Hull v. Camley. 11 N.Y. 501 ; Cotton v. Marsh, 3 Wis. 221 ; Tannahill v. Tuttle, 3 Mich. 104), and it is generally recognized that the sheriff would then also be liable in an action, subject, of course, to tiie usual protection afforded him by interpleader proceedings. The right of a sheriff to an interpleader order depends upoii either having the subject-matter of the interpleader in his pos- session or having the right accompanied with the intention to take possession under an execution : Keeiiun v. Osborne, 7 ( >. L.R. 134. A chattel mortgage valid between the parties will also b binding upon purchasers at an execution sale, when the pro- perty is sold by the officer subject to the mortgage. If the terms of the sale are that the sale is subject to a mortgage, and th.' purchiiser buys upon these terms, he cannot afterwards deny tlu' validity of the mortgage ;. but this will not entail upon him :i personal responsibility for the debt secured by the mortgai:' subject lo which the sale took place: Porter v. Parmley, '}'2 N.Y. 185; Hamill v. Gillespie, 48 N.Y. TmG. A purchaser at a sale under execution is subrogated to iiil the rights of the execution creditor, and as the latter could im- peach the mortgage, the former may also do so if the tenn.s of the sale were not such as to bar the purchaser from such right. But the validity of a chattel mortgage cannot be impeache.l u BIGHTS AND RKMEDIES OF CREDITORS. 135 'Pi by a simple contract creditor: Empire Sash and Door Co. v. Maranda, 21 Man. L.R. 605, following Parkes and St. George, 10 A.R. (Ont.) 496; Hyman v. Cuthbertson, 10 O.R. 443. A cre- ditor prior to the placing of his execution in the sheriff's hands, has no locus standi to attack a mortgage invalid for want of re- newal : Beaton v. Flood, 29 O.R. 87, commenting on Clarkson v. McMiister, 25 Can. S.C.R. 96. But a person who indemnifies the sheriff for seizing goods, does not by that act become liable as a trespasser when there is no other evidence to connect him with the sheriff's act. A person who executes an indemnity bond, when he does nothing and says nothing to shew that he has any interest or desire in the matter, may be assumed to be entirely indifferent whether the sheriff persists in his seizure or not; he neither directs nor procures the act to be done, and the sheriff is left perfectly fr. to act as he thinks prop^T, and i f he can be reasonably held to ratify and adopt the act of seizure, which is the original tres- pass, he is nol ratifying or adopting anything for his own bene- fit: McLeod V. :Fortune, 19 U.C.Q.B. 98. The ordinary course lulopted in practice, is for a mortgagee to make claim to tho luoperty seized by an execution creditor, which results in an Interpleader suit, wherein the rights of the several claimants to the property are disposed of: Sanderson v. Ilotham, 1 S.L.R. 501. A mortgagee, after he obtains a mortgage, is still a creditor; tlic consideration for the mortgage is the debt; and it remains ii (libt until discharged or satisfied by payment or sale under the mortgage, or by legal process. The essence and object of a iiiortirngt' is that it shall be a mere security for a debt, and it is no more than a lien on a particular subject for a particular ilrbt. Although a creditor, or sheriff representing a creditor, iMiinot take goods out of the possession of a mortgagee after the iiiortiKigee takes possession of them in conformity with his mort- i-'age, yet, on a sale by the mortgagee under the power of sale ordinarily contained in mortgages, the creditor may recover the balance in the hands of the mortgagee by garnishee process ' t I'U lii*! !J i I.. . 1(1. I I I 1 '"», I i I; ■I : :N . !.i Si- I I I ill t I: i! •4 m H f %^ i 1 J M u 186 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOES. against him, or by proceedings by way jo£ equitable execution : Pike V. Colvin, 67 111. 227. But though the mortgaged property sell for more than enough to pay the mortgage debt interest and costs, if the property is exempt from seizure under execu- tion, then the mortgagor and not the execution creditors, is entitled to the surplus: Michie v. Reynolds, 24 U.C.Q.B. 303: see Re Ferguson and Hill, 4 O.W.N. 1339; Thompson v. Berg- land, 3 S.L.R. 470. For a list of exemptions, see 9 Edw. Vir. (Ont.) ch. 47, aec. 3. An exemption of property from «>izure undqr execution does not apply to the proceeds realized from a sale thereof, unleM the proceeds are reinvested in other exempt property before a credi- tor has accpiired a charge or lien upon them: Massey-Harris Co. V. Schram, 5 Terr. L.R. 338. The mortgagee is in as good a position as the mortgagor to invoke the piovisions of the Lx- cmption Act to procure priority of his mortgage: Baker v. Gillam, 1 S.L.R. 498. The mere fact that the mortgagor might not benefit by the allowance of the exemption because the pro- ceeds of the property are to be applied in satisfaction of mort- gages does not change the character of the exemption, so long as he did not convert it into property which would not be ex- empt: Purdy V. Colton, 1 S.L.R. 288. CHAPTER XI. lym Redemption and Foreclosure. In every mortgage there is a defeasance or proviso for re- (.lt'iiij)tiou. The defeasance is the condition by which, when the eoiulition is performed, the mortgage is rendered void. The stipulation in tlie mortgage that the same .shall be void upon (taymcnt of the mortgage-money with interest, is what is known as the defeasance; the defeasance may be in a separate instru- ment, executed at the same time, and constituting with the mort- gage one transaction, and means "getting rid of the deed, that is, lioiug something which will make it cease to be an operative investment," such as the realization of the security by seizure and sale: Con. Credit Corpn. v. Gosney, 16 Q.B.D. 24. Tb-^ validity of a verbal defeasance has already been discussed undar I lie admissibility of parol evidence, ch. 1. It is not required that the defeasance shall be expressed 'n any particular form of words. It is suflBcient if it appears that, upon payment of the debt, the conveyance shall become void, or that the grantee will re-convey to the grantor. The mortgage may be made payable on demand, in which case it is due at any time. The mortgagee in such case may commence legal proceed- ings without previous demand, the commencement of proceed- ings being a sufficient demand: Gillet v. Balcom, 6 Barb. 370; Re Sovereign Bank v. Keilty, 16 O.W.R. 73. If the mortgage money and interest are punctually paid, then the property re- vests in the mortgagor, freed and absolutely discharged from the mortgage encumbrance; but, if default be made by the mortgagor, immediately thereupon the mortgagee has the right !,.■' t it 1 .:M1 tl;il I ripi 138 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAUES. n to actual poasession and control of the mortgaged property. The mortgagor still, however, has a right left, viz., the equity of redemption. At common law, under the ancient system jf mortgaging, the right to redeem did not exist; but Courts of equity, looking at the inteiiition of the parties, have establi^ihed the right. The equity of redemption is the right which the mortgagor has of redeeming his property after default, and be- fore the property passes out of the control of the mortgagee, and the right will only be granted on payment of the debt, ami costs if any have been incurred. The right to redeem is an equitable process by which a mortgagor, or other person inter- ested in personal or real property subject to a mortgage or en- cumbrance, may recover the Ml)8olute ownership thereof ui»oii certain terms, which are usually the payment of the principal amount due, with interest thereon, and the costs of the mort- gagee; and, in addition he is entitled to set off iiny damnge to the goods caused by the negligent removal: Johnson v. Dis- proee, 1 Q.B. 512. If the mortgagee sells, and the mortgage provides the man- ner in which the gootls may be sold upon default, then, to got rid of the right to redeem, the mortgagee must have follow.d the mode of selling pointed out by the mortgage. If notice hiis to be given before sale, and no notice is given, or the sale is not fair and bond fidr, the mortgagor's equity to redeem is not thereby extinguished. Indtn-d, if a mortgagee chooses, he m;\y buy in the property at n bailitf 's sale, either for rent or ta.\i>, just as any stranger might do, and stand upon his right as i)in chaser; but if he chooses to buy as mortgagee, merely to jun tect his own interest, or to treat his mortgage as still subsistini: he may do so, the effect being that the mortgagor's right to r. deem still continues: Severn v. Clarke, .JO U.C.C.P. 372; Kelly V. Macklem, 14 Gr. 29. So inseparable to every mortgage transaction is the right to redeem, that no act of the mortgagor, however formal, pi r formed at the outset of the transaction, will be allowed to bar = t^l KEOEMPTION AND FORECLUSURE. l:i9 a mortgagor from this right, nor from trausferring it to another. But the mortgagor may at any time suUiequeut to the original transaction reltuse his equity of redemption, and, even then, the Courts watch such dealings between mortgagor and mort- gagee with the most jealous care, and require the utmost good faith and just dealing to exist. The onus rests upon a mortgagee in possession of encum- bered property of shewing that he had purcha.sf,i the niort- jragor's e Finance Corp., is T.L.R. 661; see Zimmerman v. Sproat, 5 D.L.R. 452, 26 O.L.K. 448 ; Ex parte Olyn, 1 Mont. D. & DeG. 25, 38 ; Ex parte Bisdef. Re Baker, 1 Mont. D. & DeG. 333; Lacon v. Allen, 3 Drew. 579; Goodwin v. Waghom, 4 L.J. Ch. 172; Royal Canadian Bank v. Cummer, 15 Gr. 627 ; Masuret v. Mitchell, 26 Gr. 4:{."> : Acme Co. v. Huxley (Alta.), 18 W.L.R. 534; Rimmer v. Wel)- ster, 2 Ch. 163. The right must be exercised within a reasonable time, be- cause at times, from the perishable nature of personal property, it is impossible that chattels can long remain in the same condi- tion, and to preserve them expenditure must be incurred in their repair. Then, too, they are consumed in use, or in soiih' way destroyed, hence it is that the character of the property, the use they are put to, their condition, and a variety of cir cumstances all combine, and differ almost in every case, to settle what may be a reasonable time within which the right of redemption may be properly exercised. If the property is fiold, the right, of course, is extinguished. It matters not whe- ther the sale was had before or after default by a mortgagee in possessiou. In either case the possession, coupled with th' ^n\ : ^1*1 ■ 3 "' 'i { &■ i\ •-,,% A Ittt J 2 L K' ^ UDIMPTiON AND rORECUMURE. Itl right of property, both of which the mortgagei' pomcMed, en- able him to give a good title to the purchaier, and the mort- gagor has lost hi* light to redeem: Byrd v. McDanit-l, :U1 Ala. 18 ; Perry v. Craig, 3 Mo. 516 ; Williams v. Sun Life AMurance Co., 19 W.L.R. 564. If, however, he haa taken pomemiion be- fore default, then because the mortgagor is entitled to n'stitu- lion of his property upon performance by him of the condition upon which he granted it, he bna an action againat the mort- gagee, if the latter cannot then return him his property ; and, in- deed, if by necessary implication the mortgagor be entitled to the poasesaion of the goods until default, then trespass is main- tainable against the mortgagee: Brierly v. Kendall, 17 Q.B. 937. But if there is no such implication, and the mortgagee taki'8 the goods, and when the time arrives for him to restore them to the mortgagor, upon payment of the mortgage, he fails in this his engagement, then, inasmuch as the ortgagor's right to rt'decm haa been destroyed, the latter becon os entitled to sue lor this act of the mortgagee, which is an abuse of his power and duty, as it prevents the mortgagor from ever redeeming : Bing- liani V. BettinAon, 30 r.C.C.P. 4;fe; Stotldard v. Denison, 48 How. (N'.Y.) Pr. 296, 306. In such a suit the mortgagor would be entitled to recover the value of his interest in tho goods <»ver mid above the mortgage debt (Blodgett v. Blodgett, 48 Vt. -■V2; Boyd V. Beaudin, 54 Wis. 193; Bingham v. Bfttinson. i" r.C.C.P. 451), the value being fixed as of the time wh.'n tbc mortgagee took possession (Mowry v. First Nat. Hank, ,54 Wis. !8), or, at the option of the mortgagor, the value may b«> based upon the price realized by the mortgagee. Should the mortgagee have sold a portion of the ifooils, whereby he received sufficient to pay the mortgage debt, then the mortgagor becomes entitled to the unsold property (Bragel- iiiHii v. Dane, 69 N.Y. 69) ; but for the sale, the mortgagor would Ix- t-ntitled to redeem the entire property, for the equity Ls an entire whole, and exists as to all the property if possessed as to p^: Faulds v. Harper, 2 O.R. 405. •Hi r\l ih ; i '1- '1 !r '% 1: fi-.jy i i i I f I i < S i f t i i li n ^ i i 1 111 111 f M f^^ 142 BILLS or SAIJt AND CHATTEL MORTGAHEM. A inorttraffor, upon redeeming, in not neoeamrily entitled to an account of the incomtMi and proflta from the mortgageii pro- perty of which the mortgaRee waa in poaaeaaion ex. gr., where there la an airreeinent which wquired him to pay the mortfragor a atated monthly rental for the property during the time he waa in poHNt'wiion: Manitolw Luinlier Co. v. Kmmemon, 5 D.L.R. 3.J7, 21 W.L.R. 50.1. Where a mortgagor, in onler to nnieem, haa paid under proteat a larger aiim than waa legally due, he will be entitled to recover the exceaa ao paid: Collina v. Eaton, 19 W.L.R. (Alta.) 608. It haa Ix'en aaid that the attendant circumatancea in each particular caw must decide what jr. a reeaonable time within whit'h reeleinption may he enjoyed: Gentles v. Gauadii Permiin- ent, etc., .12 O.R. 428. Of course, to cuinpute a period, aome flxe.i date from which to count must be aacertained; the period from which the time begina to run, aa againat the mortgagor'a right to redeem, is the moment of time when the mortgagee 'a poaacs- aion becomes adverse to that of the mortgagor, and it ia not mi- verse until forfeiture ariaeh from aome default in mortgiigor After forfeiture, the time may be interrupted, and a new perioil to compute from fixed and ascertained; this will be the result of the mortgagee accepting a payment on account of the mort- gage indebtedneaa, the time for redemption will begin anew from the time of such payment: Bartlett v. Thynca, 2 Hill (S.C.) K(| 171 ; Winchester v. Ball, 54 Me. .jiJS. Redemption may be enjoyed, not alone by the mortgaiTDr. hut In liis e.xccutors, or aeks the aaaiatance of the Court by forecloBure, yet auch a courae ia open to him. ForecloHure ia the conveme of redemption, and by it a mortgagee may acquire an alwolute title in the projH'rty mortgaged, in default of pay- ment of the amount of the mortgage money, interest and costa : Cooic V. Flood, 5 Or. 46.1; Slade v. Uigg, ;j Hare H5; Wayne v. Hanham, 9 Hare 62; Lonquet v. Scawen, 1 Ve». 4ri;j. Forecloa- ure ia in default of redemption; where the right to foreclom exiata, the right to redeem exiata alao: Parker v. Vine Growera, 23 Or. 179. The mortgagee and mortgagor occupy the relative poaition of creditor and debtor; the creditor being secured by the debtor through meaua of a lien. Any holder of a subsequent lien mny, tlifrefore, pay off a prior lien to prevent his owu lien from be- iiii; cut off. Aa a mortgagee of chattela, like a mortga>^'<( of real .•state, ia entitled to a foreclosure, ao a mortgagor of chattels, like a mortgagor of land, ia entitled to redemption, and nothing a mortgagor can do (except substniuently to the original transac- tion ) will generally be allowed to impair his power of exerciaing liis rijfht, or of transferring it to another. The ri^'ht is para- mount to the instrument itself, and may he enforced even in oi)I"wition to its terms, as, for instance, in defiance of stipulation l>y the mortgagor in the mortgage to give up uU claim to the im.ixrty upon his failure to pay the debt secured at maturity : l!iiiia(.|..uKh v. Poolman, 3 Daly (N.Y.) 236; Lavigne v. Nara- iiioif, 52 Vt. 267. As in the case of land, so in the ease of chat- t.I property, foreclosure bars all interests in the property sub- •s"(iucnt to the mort:;age under which the proceedings are taken, provided that the proceedings are regularly conducted, and pro- P-T and suflBcient notice given to all concerned : Jones v. Dunbar 32 l-.C.C.P. 136 ; Wylder v. Crane, 53 111. 490. To impeach a sale under powers in a chattel mortgage on ttie ground that an offer to redeem was made prior to the time ■ ]i ■ ,» iS hi ■M ii : ! V m •J '. i- i i I ' ! n i ' ft hi s 15 ^ : " 1 ! \ i 'if I I:, 1 \ ;i ii t il t I II 144 BOXa OP SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. fixed by the notice of sale, the person entitled to redeem is obliged to shew, that the amount due under the mortgage was actually tendered, or that the mortgagee was distinctly informed that the mortgagor was at that time ready and willing to pay the amount due, and, being thus informed, refused to accept pay- ment: British Columbia Land, etc., v. Ishitika, 45 Can. S.C.R. 302, reversing 16 B.C.R. 299. The right of foreclosure affords a striking distinction be- tween a pledge and a mortgage. The principle upon which the Court acts in the latter case is, that in a regular legal mort- gage there has been an actual aonveyance of the legal owner- ship, and then the C'^urt has interfered to prevent that from having its full effect ; and when the ground of interference is gone by the non-payment of the debt, the Court simply removes the stop it has itself put on. Then when there is a deposit of title deeds, the Court treats that as an agreement to execute a legal mortgage, and therefore as carrying with it all the re- medies incident to such a mortgage. None of this reasoning ap- plies to a pledge of chattels; the pledgee never had the absolute ownership at law, a.ul his equitable rights cannot exceed his legal title: per Jessel, M.R., Carter v. Wake, 4 Ch.D. 606; Zim- merman V. Sproat, 5 D.L.R. 452, 26 O.L.R. 448 ; see supra, p. .">. In case of foreclosure and sale with the assistance of the Court, then, as in the case of land, the mortgagee of cliattols may obtain a personal order against the mortgagor for any dt - ficiency, a right he may lose when he proceeds on his own n- sponsibility to realize from a sale of the chattels: Acadia l.oiiii Co. V. Legere, 45 N.S.R. 328. CHAPTKR XII. m The Operative Parts. "The opt'rativf words of a conveyance should be such as arc apt and proper according to the mode in which the instru- iiii'iit is intended to operate:" Leith's IJlaekstone 27)S. Ill law, chattels are indivisible; therefore, there is no such tliiiiff. in the strict scn.sc of the term, as an estate in them. The intention of the parties in regard to them a Court of c(|uity will, however, carry out; and in a settlement of chattels upon one person for life, with remainder to others, the cf.ituis (jii, Ini.iliiit have equitable rij;hts, which they can enforce as ctVectually as can ccstuis que trustcnt of lands and tenements: Smith V. Butcher, 10 Ch.U. 113. A life estate only, and not an absolute srift of the corpus, in nioiicv, notes and mortgages, was created by a bequest to a widow in her deceased hu-sband's will, of all of his money, notes :iiid mortgages, and real and personal property, for the term of licr natural life, or widowhood, with remainder to his ohildn-n in ihc event of her death or re-marriage: Re Johnson, 7 D.L.K. ST.-., 4 O.W.N. 158, 23 O.W.R. 132; Re Thomson s Estate, Iler- liii-r V. Harrow, U t'h.l). 2H3. The operative words in a bill of sale usually are "bargain. Sill, iissign, transfer and set over," and in a mortgage "grant, iNirgain, si'U and assign." There is no necessity to use other than the present tense in oijcrative part of the bill of sale or mortgage any more than in M cmiveyance of land. If a chattel is sold at one tim<'. and no 1' -BILLS OK SALE. til lit' : ii 'w , ■■' 1 1 . 1 (] m «f & ym M t It t I \ if M til Ah til f s 1 ! Ill 1 ii : f. f,;| f y 146 BILLS OP SALE AND CHATTEL M0RT0A0E8. deliverj' made, and at a later period a bill of sale is executed by the vendor to the vendee in pursuance of the former sale, then the past and present tense may both be properly used in analogy to the old system of feoffment and livery of seisin, when a deed "usually accompanied the transaction, which stated as the fact was, that the feoffor had enfeoffed, and then proceeded in the present tense to confirm it :" Leith's Blackstone 259. If it be the intention to assign all the goods of a bargainor or mortgagor, care should be used to avoid both general and particular words in the assignment, for the latter may have the effect of restrictins the operation of the former. This often arises when there is a description of tlie articles in tli'' instrument, and they are enumerated in a schedule attaehtii In Wood V. Roweliffe, 6 K.\. 407, 20 L.J. E.x. 28."), the bill oi sale assigned "all the household gootls and furniture of v\fv\ kind and description whatsoever in the house, No. 2 Meiidow Place, more particularly set forth in an invcntoi-y or schediili' of even date herewith, and ji'iven uj) on the execution thereof. ' When the deed was executed, one chair was delivered to tlic defendant in the name of the whole of the said goods. It Imp pened that the inventory did not specify all the household gools and furniture of every kind in the house, and it was hcl.l l> the Court of Exchequer, upon the authority of Burton v, Dawes, 19 L.J.€.l'. :502, and of Morrell v. Fi.sh. r, 1!» I. I Ex. 273, that the bill of sale only operated as an as.si-inm. nt of the "goods and furniture specified in the inventory." In Kingston v. Chapman, '.i r.C.C.l'. 1:50. a l>ill of sale was «i\. n. granting "all and sin-rular the fjoods. chattels, furniture .ml household stuff now in Sword's Hotel, Toronto, or partii'iil.irly mentioned and expresKcd in a certain schedule marked A. hereunder written or liereunto annexed," and in tliis ease il ' i> held the bill of sale .lid not give th.- grantee any title in i.mu N not mentioned and described in the schedule: Ounn v. Huttni. 7 r.C.C.P. 51(5. Ji A ■■-Fi THE OPERATIVE PARTS. 147 No matter what the intention of the parties to an instru- ment may be, effect can only bo given to words in the convey- ance as they are found, and the Court cannot carry out the in- tention of the parties under such instrument, if the words used do not slicw verbatim such intention: Tapfield v. Hillman, 12 L.J.C.P. 311. Therefore, if it be the intention of the parties to atlVct future acquin'd property, that intention must clearly iip- I>«iir upon the face of the deed: per Gwynne, J., Mason v. Mc- Donald, 25 TT.C.C.P. 439. A general assignment of all a man's goods and chattels in a particular house or place, will not include goods and chat- tels lirought into the house after the iissij^iment was made (Sut- ton V. Hath, 1 Fos. & Fin. 152), because, by the words of such assiKiiincnf, it is only intended to pass the property in "all the man's goods on the particular place at the time of the execu- tion of the conveyance." And unless the intention clearly ap- ]>c,ir, by the instrument, to pass after-acquired property, and to sul).jcct it to the rights given by the instrument to an assignee, a power of seizing all goods, etc., will not warrant a seizure of any gootls not on the premises at the time of the execution of the bill of sale: Keeve v. Whitinore, 33 L.J. Ch. 63, Tapfield v. Uillnian, G Scott X.R. 967, 6 Man. & Or. 245, 12 L.J.C.P. 311. l*o\ver is not property, and a power to seize after-acquired liioperfy, when such is not attVctod by the terms of the (k'ed, will not be construed in equity as en equitable assignment of the property: Pelding v. Head, 3 H. & C. 955, 34 L.J. Ex. 212; ■{••eve V. Whitinore, 33 L.J. Ch. 63. A valid grant may be made of after-acquired property, and » !>o\ver to seize such is not revocable (Lepard v. Vernon, 2 Vos. & H. .->]; Bromley v. Holland, 7 Vcs. 3). not even by the 'I'.itli of the grantor (Spooner v. Sandilands, 1 Y. & ('.390). ii'i'l tlioiigh the goods assigned be not in f.wr. no noviis actus is lie, ,le,i to give eflVct to the words of the as.signment, and where •I 'liatt..] mortgage conveyai the stock-in-trade of the mortgagor. ■"I'l ••'"11 goods which at any time may be owned by the mort If t F \ V rK ■f it I'll m ■ii II i- ' i \ f ! :| ! ,n 'If ' '■ 1 i .. ;i I t i M nk ii 148 BiLus OF saij: and chattel mortoages. gagor and kept in the said store for sale, and whether now in stock or hereafter to be purchased and placed in stock" it was he)' that after-acquired stock brought into the business in the ordi ai, course thereof became subject to the chattel mortgatri' .neertain. A description enumerating certain articles and ■•^P.'Citying their locality will be efTective as to the goods so f I 1' !i i ' f I i|M !(r ri ' i 'I ■ I m if' i *l n lite 150 BILIvS or SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOEfi. * I fill r; I > ! fl'^l describtHl and inoperative as to the others: Rose v. Scott, 17 r.C.Q.H. .'Wf); Sutherland v. Nixon, 21 U.C.Q.B. 62!); Iteikwell V. Beddome, 16 U.C.Q.B. 437; Harris v. Commercial Bank. Hi U.C.Q.B. 437; Ilovey v. Whitinjf, 14 Can. S.C.R. 515, i:{ A.K. (Ont.) 7, 9 O.K. :U4, following McCall v. Wolff, 13 Can. S.(;.K. i.«); Mathers v. Lynch, 28 I'.C'.Q.B. .'r>4; Fisher v. Brock. > Man. L.R. 137 ; lliscott v. JIurray, 12 U.C.C.P. 315. And wli.n a chattel may not be sufficiently described in the schedule it will be given effect under the general words in the mortgage, il' it described the place where it was located: Fitzgerald v. John ston, 41 U.C.Q.B. 440. The general words iu the body of tli. deed are not limited by the specific words in the schedule dr scribing only part of the froods: liiiker v. Richardson, 6 W.U 663; see also Wood v. RowclifTe, 6 Ex. 407. The description > the locality to which they refer and cannot be extended in adjacent or similarly known premises: Donnelly v. Hall. 7 '' Man. & G. 245; and see Mee v. Parren, 15 L.T. 320; (ini>s v. Austin, 7 A.R. (Ont.) 511. Goods "in course of delivery" will apply to goods lyiiii: ii the wharf, though not actually delivered: McPherson v. iJ y nolds, 6 U.C.C.P. 491 ; Sladden v. Sergeant, 1 F. & F. 322. In describing a stock-in-trade it is necessary, apart iVtini describing their locality, to sp<'cify the kind and charaiti r nf the articles. For instance, "all my stock, goods, wards and n ■ i- chandise in my store situate at, etc.," is insufficient: Ilutclnsoii V. Roberts, 7 I'.C.Q.B. 470; Howell v. McFarlane, 16 U.rtjU. J- i ' iL* THE OPE»AT]VE PART8. 151 4C9; Nolan v. Doniu'lly, 4 O.K. 440; Wilson v. Kerr, 17 U.C.Q.B. 168, 18 U.C.Q.B. 470. But "all the stock of dry goods, hard- ware, crockery, groceries, and other goods, w*res and mer- chandise in the store and premises occupied by the mortgagor at, ttc," is Huflficient for identitiiation : Uoss v. Conger, 14 U.C.Q.H. 525. "Stock-in-trade, used in or jK-rtaining to their business iLs general merchants, situated in the store, at, etc.," in a surti- t'ient description : Thomson v. Quirk, 18 Can. S.C.R. C!)5, affirm- ing 1 Terr. L.R. 15!), distinguishing .MeCall v. Wolff, V.i dm. S.C.R. i:{(), and following Ilovey v. Whiting. 14 Can. S.C.R. 515. Articles described as "the stock of gold and silver watches, jewellery, and electro-silver plate in the possession of the mort- gagor at his store, etc.," which could be identified as they were numbered, was held sufficient: Segsworth v. Meriden Silver Co., 3 O.R. 413. Failure to anne.x a schedule or inventory does not invalidate the instrument if it contains a specific description : England v. Downs, 2 Beav. 522; Baker v. Richardson, 6 W.R. 6ti3. ill tile iibsenee of an inventory a description "household fur- iiiliin- luul effecLs, implements of husbandry" is iasufficient : li'oliirts v. Roberts, 13 Q.B.I). 7!»4. A hill of sale purporting to .issi},'!! 'all and singular the several chattels and things speci- liially described in the schedule thereto annexed." The descrip- tion in the schedule was "at 47 Mortimer street; 450 oil paint- ings in gilt frames, 300 oil paintings unframed, etc." It was iic-lil that it was not specific enough to gratify the requirements ot tile Knglish Act, and was inoperative against execution credi- tot-s: Witt v. Banner, 20 Q.B.D. 114. So the words "21 milch |>us ' is bad for indetiniteiiess: Carpenter v. Deen, 23 Q.B.D. In the absence of evidence of facts shewing that the descrip- tion was not specific, the description, "roan horse, •Drnin- mef;' brown mare and foal; three road carts" is sufficient: llHki.y V. Greenwood, 25 Q.B.D. 277, distinguishing the two ca.ses supra. Where the bill of sale covers furniture and other \^\ IP li h 1 i (Iult> (tpeciflefl tho furnitim> in each room, and under the headintr "study" is an item, ••1,H()() tiooks, aa per catalogue." the description Im dei-nied Bufflcient, (ISOU) Q.B. 82. Nor is it indefinite to descritw •'all my erop of corn, cotton or other prwluce that I may raise, or which I may in any manner have an interest for the ypnr 1884, in Faulkner County. Ark." where the description can •>«> made e«'rtain l>y extrinsic facts: Johnston v. (rrizard, 51 Ark. 710, :{ L.R.A. T.)'k All ^oods consisting of horses, cows and several articles of houseliold furniture described as beinjj in and upon and around the premises and appurtenances used and occupied by a certain person coutaininR the city street numlwr of the premises is sufficient for identification: Connell v. Kickock, 1.") O.A.R. ')1S. 530, distinguishing Mc€all v. Wolff, U ("an. S.C.H. l;!0, wiieiv it was held that in the absence of a statement that such goods were all the goods on the stiid premises, such inscription will Im- deemed insufficient. Following Ilovey v. Whiting, 14 Ciin. S.C.B. 515, and distinguishing McCall case, supra, the Court affirming 1 Terr. L.R. 88, upheld the sufficiency of a description where after the enumeration clause it designated the property as "now being in the store of the mortgagors on the north half o' ,T«c. 6. township H), range 28, west of the 4th principal mer- idian:" Thomson v. Quirk, 18 Can. S.C.R. 695. A bill of sale describing the property as "stock of genenil merchandise as set out in the stock list attached hereto and idl of which stock, chattels, and efTects now situate and being in thi two storey frame building situated on lots 1 and 2 in block 2'.tl», city of Regina," is void against creditors if no schedule is tiliil therewith: Svaigher v. Rotaru, 3 W.L.R. 486. The schedule must Ih? filled out and filed at the same time as the oriffiniil assignmtnt. Filing it later will not defeat the equities of fhir.l persons that intervened meanwhile: Crawford v. Brown, IT r.C.Q.B. 126. The schedule must specify the goods mentioned in the niort- •J 4« 'if i i 5 ill THE OPERATIVE PARTS. 15:) gage. A mortgagf of u manufactory and thf machin.'ry dwtt not iiifliiile stock-in-tnulc fht and inserted in tile w^heduie lu't'ore. l)ut not receivcil until after the execution of the bill of sale, uiay pasn: Sutton V. Hath, 1 F. & F. \'}'2. An assitfunient of "all the Htock-in-trade, merchandise, gooils iind efl'iH-ts," in the "shop oc-cupied by the assignor, situate on the south side of King strwt, in the city of Toronto. anfood.) 114. A change of Uie colour of a horse, which was correctly •l.scrilH'd in a mortgage when it was given, as a l«ay horse, biit "Inch, from natural or unnatural causes, became a white and sorivl spotted horse, without any appearance of bay whatever, 'lot>s not defeat the rights of the mortgagee as against a person "lio purchased the horse after his change of colour, without any m.tuM. of the mortgafex-: Turpin v. Cunningham. 127 \.C. m, •'1 L.R.A. 800. A description of "1 brown stallion, 10 years il. , ) li M il: >■ t I. .it 111 li I !' ;ii in i'' it i! t t % 4 1 ' i j s I- if 164 UlUM or SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOEH. ohl ! 1 bay horat', 8 years old ; 1 black mare, 9 years oiil ' ' is suflB- cient: Corneill v. AIk-II, 31 U.C.C.P. 107. But "2 horses, 4 cows, and 1 calf" is not : Davies v. Jenkin«, [lf)0(>| 1 Q.B. i:W. A description in a hill of fwle with a redemption clause of "one horse or man', three cows, two heifers, shtH'p, cart, all my farininK iinpleinents" is sufficiently definite to transfer the pro- perty to the mortKajjee as iiKniiwt the judfrment creditors of the mortgagor: McAskill v. Power, :J0 N.S.R. 189. So when- pro- jM-rty covered l>y a chattel mortgage in a ranching district was described as "all cattle and horses of whatever age and sex branded .'> on the left sitlc and all incn'aw thereof, together with the same l)rHnd and branding irons," was held sufficient, though the locality where the cattle were at the time of the mortgage had not Ix'cn mentioned: Oraveley v. Springer, 2 N.W.T. Kep. ;W)<), similarly, a dcMcription of "one bay gelding, 6 years old, weijrht about 1,450 Um., now in the possesaion of the mortgagor," was held sufficient: Ward v. Serrell, '.\ A.L.K. 138, following Corneill v. Abell, 31 I'.C. (".!'. 107. Hut see .Ionian v. J. I. CaHc Thresher Machine Co., 7 D.L.R. 855. When- there are soine items that can be identified and others that cannot, such mort- gage will Ik; declared void in into as against creditors only if tin- items that can be distinguisiuMl are few and insignificant : but where such items are neither few nor insignificant the mortgage is quoad such items valid: Adams v. Hutchings (No. 2), 3 Terr. L.R. 20«. Crops which may be sown during tlie currency of the mort gage covers cro|xs sown after the mortgage falls due, but reinairi.s unpaid: Canada Permanent, etc., v. Todd, 22 O.A.R. 5ir>; Clements v. Mathews, 47 L.T. 251, affirmed on this point, 11 Q.B.D. 808. A mortgage on crops situated on the north-east half of lot 14 and north half ol" lot 14 will not be operative iis Id crops upon lot 13: Grass v. Austin, 7 A.R. (Out.) 511; Mee v. Parren, 15 L.T. 320. A clause in a bill of sale purporting to include after-acquired property confers as to the latter a mere equitable title whicii Till OFERATIVi; PARTS. 155 miwt Kive way to« leKnl title obtHiiicd bond fiilt without notice: Whynot v. McGinty, 7 D.L.R. r.l«, Hpplyiiijr Ilolroy.l v. Miir- gball, 10 II.L.C. 191, and eommentinK on Keeveii v. Hnrlow, 12 Q.B.D. 436. Hee McAllister v. Forsyth, 12 Ciin. S.C.K. 1 ; Meld- ing V. Read, .'! U. & ('. !).m; Jotteph v. Lyons, l.'i (^.H.!). 2H(i; llailaii V. KobinNon, lo Q.M.I). 2M8. The Millfi of Sale Act, K.S.N.M. 1!)(X), eh. 142, do.* not hy reKixtration protect the Krantee as to property to he acquired hy the grantor after the; niaking of the l)ill of sale, and which tlu' latter thereby purports to traisfer in advance of his obtaining title thereto: Whynot v. McGinty, 7 D.L.R. CIS. referrin^f to Thonian v. Kelly, l:j A.C. 519, When on the face of an assignment of personalty it is plain Ihat it is intendeil to operate as a continuing security, and t.) .ipply to property afterwards acquired and sulmtituteil for thiU nliieh was originallv 'ssiifned, it will, if th.> words are capable of such eonstructi • no applied: Carr v. Allatt. 27 L.J. Kx. :ts.'). A iiHTe power to s»'ize future chattels does not e, 'n (•((uity as an assignment of such future chattels, nor nu. .issignee a prem-nt interest in them: R..ve v. Whitiuore, 4 !).■(.. .1. & S. 1 ; Cole V. Kernot; Thomp.son v. Cohen. L.K. 7 (^.M. .'i27; llolroyd V. Marshall, 10 ILL. Ca.s. 191. Substituted, or added stock-in-trade should Ik' speciticallv iiiciitioned if it is to be covered and the premises whereon tin' iroods were or were to be brou(,'ht should be specitically dc- vribed: iCitchinfe' v. Hicks, 6 O.R. 739; A. E. Thoma.s v. Stavd- iiiM Mank, 1 O.W.N. .{7!.', CAS; Thomas v. Kelly, 1:1 A.C. tH, (.'hidell v. Galsworthy. 6 CM. 471; Carr v. Acraman, 11 '^x. .■»titi; Collycr v. Isaacs, 19 Ch.I). .•J42; Re D'Epineuil; Tadman v. i)Kl>ineuil, 20 Ch.D. 758; Levy v. Polack, 52 L.T. 551; Roberts V. Koberts, Vi Q.B.D. 794; Carpenter v. Deen, 23 Q.B.D. 566; l-ii/uras V. Andrade, 5 C.P.D. . 18; Hope v. Hayley, 5 El. & Bl. >:!((, ;l •ii I 1 h Although H contract which purports to transfer property HI !rfi I !■ I i ■ - ' i I I i i i s t;l 1S6 BIIXM or HALE AND CIIATTEI. MORTdAIIEM. which JN not in i-xiiiten<>i>, iIoha not, in i^iuity, op« nlii>n«tion; Rtill if h vendor or innrtK>>Ru.- Hirrt><>N to (wll or niort»r>*K<> upwiflc property of which he ia not pawud: He Thirkell, I'errin v. Woo concenied, auch a deacription aa that a peraon deairinR to deal with the«<> goods and chattela, or the aheriflf a*>*-kin|{ to enforce an execution ajrainst the mortga^ror, coultl, without any doubt or difficulty, antiafy himwif on the point whether theri> were any, and if ao, what, gooda not coven-d by the inatnunent in queation ; and thia ahould In> the teat of the auffieiency or in- aufflciency of a deacription which covers a stock-in-trade with Bfter-fK'(|uired gooda repleniahing the stock: Re Thirkell, Perrin V. Wood (1874), 21 Gr. 492. The equitable right attacht>8 on the gooda immediately upon their r«>aching the premi8«>8, and will prevail over writs in thf handa of the aheriff at the time they were brought in : Coyne v. Lee, 14 A.R. (Ont.) 503; Holroyd v. Marshall, 10 II.L.C. 191. A mortgage contained the following description: "All and singular the goods, chattela, and property mentioned and 8<'t out in the schedule hereunto annexed, which is to l)e read in con- nection with these presenta and form a part thereof, and also any and all the property that may hereafter during the continu- ance of these presents be brought to keep up the same in lieu thereof, and in addition thereto, either by exchange or purchase, which so soon aa obtained, and in actual or constructive pos- aesaion, etc., shall be subject to all the proviaiona of thia inden- ture." The schedule in detail apecified "8 horses and harnesses now in livery stable owned by the mortgagor," etc. A second TIIK tH'KRATIVe l>ARTH. 157 inortgngi' to uiiothcr imrty diiirrilM'd the Kooiii in di'twil hm in the (Irnt and in thf Hchcilulf thon-fo, ufter cnumfrntinK n|)after during the continuance of these pretcnta UMtl in connection with tiie livery Mtalile now owned hy the ni()rtK"irc>r, and idl |iro|H'rty hen-after acquired therein. It waa held that the wcouvl niortKaKe waa HutHcient to cover after-acquired property, hut that the tirat wa* not : Frawr V. Macpheraon, 'U X.M.K. 417. So a provision in a chattel morttfUKe th' t it nhould cover all afiiraequired kooiIh and chattela hrought upon the i)reuii*M'H owned or occupied hy the itiorttrnKora or uwd in connection with their huaincaa during the currency of the uiortjtutfe operatea aa II valid lien and cliarKe upon all tlie after-acquired gootla brought upon the preiniwa: Imperial Hrewera v. (Jelin, 18 Man. h.K. 2H:i. Where a mortgage not specifically mentioning present or future hook del.ta covera "unilertakinga tojiether with ineoiiu") and aources of money, rights, jirivilcges held or eujovid hy th> mortgagor, now or at any time prior to the full payment of the mortgage," such language ia sufBeicntly comprehenaivc to creat-i .Ml equitable charge on present and future hook delits: National Trust Co. V. Trusts and Guarantee Co., 5 D.L.H. 4.'>!». 26 O.LK. 27!>: see Tailhy v. Ortieial Receiver, 1:{ .\.('. 't\l.i. approving Re Clarke, CoomlK' v. Carter, .Hi Ch.I). MS, and overruling' Meldinj,' V. Read, A H. & V. !•."•, and Re D'Kpineuil. _•(> Ch.I). T-'.S ; see Kx parte Hurton, l:j Ch.I). 102; Kx parte Fiehl, Re Marlow, l:l Ch.I). 106. C.-neral words following specific words are ordinarily con- strued as limited to things ijiis^lon iji ik Hk with thos«' In-fori; inumerated. Hence, where a chattel mortgage conveys th'! NtcK-k-in-trade, shop, contents, fi.xturi-s, s-ales and appurtenances liuivl.iised l»y the mortjragor from a *peci)u(l seller, with a lurther provision to include "not only .ill and singular the pre- siiit stock of goods and all the other contents of the luort- i ■ !;■. ; !.' 1:1 . '■'■ • i i i ■I ■ II ;. . i 'Ml m ^y III i I f i i ' » i i-ii : ' 1 \h\- ■'I i r M ' * I |l[-f !• f si ru n 158 BIM.S OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAGES. gajfor's shop, but also any other goods that may be put iu said shop in substitution for, or in addition to those already there, as fully and to all intents and purposes as if said added or substituted stock were already in said shop and particularly mentioned'" — such provision i.s limited to the thinars enumerated and will not cover a cash register subse(iuently acquired : Dom- inion Register Co. v. Hall & Fairweather, 8 D.L.R. 577; Moore V. Magrath, 1 Cowper 9. A description of after-iicquired goods as "all other ready- made clothing, tweeds, trimmings, gents' furnishing, furnitun; and fixtures and personal property, which shall at any tiino during the currency of this mortgage l)e brought in or upon the said premises or in or upon any other premis<>s in which tlie said mortgagor may be carrying on business," is sufficient, ami binds goods of the kinds mentioned in premises to which tin; mo.-tgagor moves after making the mortgage. Ilorsfall v, Hoiswcau, 21 O.A.H. 66'{. A provision covering after-acquired proj)ei-iy of the business of manufacturing cannot be extended to the goods in a mercan- tile business, and rln.ls. drafts, mortgages, books of account, of what nature or kind .soever, belonging to or due or owing to the said parties (mortgagors) is large enough to include both the individual an. I Joint property: lleward v. Mitchell, 10 C.C.Q.B. .■):{,-,. A sale of logs necessarily carries the deals and boards into wiiieh part of them had been manufactured, and, therefore, are not subject to attachment by execution creditors of the .seller: K'ing V. Dupuis dit Gilbert, 28 Can. S.C.R. :WS; Whit.' v. 15rovvn, 12 U.C.Q.B. 477. But logs afterwards brought on .saw "III! I'remi.st's, and lumber then- manufactured llierefivm, are not Within the purview of a chattel mortgage covering all lum))er ^I'i'li might at any time l>e l)rought on the premis(S: Merchants H.ink of Halifax v. Houston, 7 B.C.K. 4(i.-,. A eontr.iet for the ;r- i! ! ! i " ! I III ;i, I i f I i '"•, ;i ! : •; 1 I 1,. i i 'Ml i ■ .1 160 BILLS OP SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. t i transfer of "hotel premises and contents as a jroing concern" will be presumed to include quantities of wood and ice kept on the hotel premises and also the fowl supplies: Blomquist v. Tymchomk, 6 D.L.R. XU, 22 W.L.K. 205; but a more detailed description should be given for the purposes of ii ))ill of sale. A chattel mortgage covering a stock in trade and book debts in eludes the book debts originally assigned to the mortgagor bv the person of whom they were purehasK'd : I^obiiuson v. Eiupe,\'. 10 B.C R. 46(). Hut a description of "all office fixtures, lamps, desk.s, chairs, furniture, stationery and ;dl goods, chattels ami effects now in the store and office of tb mortgagors," will not include a safe, the general words be ■; restricted by the i)ri' ceding words: Goldie v. Taylor, 2 Terr. L.R. 2!)8. Nor are kit ehen supplies and utensils part of a plant, nuiterials or othci' things i)rovid('d for railway eonstniction work: Clancey v. Grand Trunk Pacific R. Co., 1.') M.C.R. 4!)7. "Securities lor money" will include policies of insurance: Lw v. Ocrie. 1 ('. Ij.J. 7(i; Lawrence v. Galsworthy, :{ Jur. 1041). Where a mortgage is made to secure bonds upon the wholi- property, assets, etc., of a company, present and future, c\ cept logs on the way to tlie mill, sueh e.\ception applies to siuli logs as may be on the way to the mill, not only at the date ni the mortgage, but also at any future time: Imperial Paper 5Iill> v. Quel)ee Bank, 6 D.L.R. 475. 3 O.W.X. 1544, 22 O.W.R. Tn 1. 21) O.L.R. 6:57. The entire goodwill and right to use trademarks may pas.s to the purcliiwer of a bu.siness without any express nu>ntion of tlicni being nuide in the deed of assignment, but it is desiral)le that ii liill cf sale or .sonu' other document should spi>eify them: Shipwrik'i t v. Clements, 10 W.R. 5!)!); Wilmer v. Thoma.s. 74 .Md. 4S.->. 1 i L.R.A. 380; Boon v. Moss, 70 X.Y. 47.{; Hutchinson v. Nm.v, 183 Mass. 355; Fife v. Dornmn (Tenn.) 57 S.W.R. 120; Stein field V. National Shirt Waist Co.. 00 N.Y. App. I). 28»); Shal.r v. Sloan. 3 Call. App. 335; see also Mitchell v. Read, 10 Mm. (N.Y.) 418: Williams v. Errand, 88 Mich. 473; Thonuts liiuik S THE OPERATIVE PARTS. Itil V. Warren, 94 Wis. 151; Lane v. S.nythe, 46 \.J Eq 443- Fish Bros. Wagon Co. v. Fish, 82 Wis. 546, 16 L.R A 453 The goodwill of a busin.^ comprises all the advantag.^ iden- tihed With the natne of a particular firm: Churton v. Douglas 7 W.R. :«i5: O'Keefe v. Curran, 17 Can. S.C.K. 596; Ginesi v Cooper, 14 Ch.D. 596. The goodwill of a tra.le established in a particular plac- nu-ans nothing more than the sum of n.oney which any person would be willing to give for the chance of In-ing able to keep the trade connecte.l with the place where it has been carried on • Au.sten v. Hoys. 2 I)e(}. & J. 626. The goodwill of a publie- house, store, and the like passes as an incident to the n.ortgage or subject-matter of sale: Rutter v. Daniel. liO W.R. 801, affirm- ing? 46 I. \ 684; Ex parte Punnett, Re Kitchin. 16 Chi) 2>6- fT.'tfT' "" '''■' '' '^''- ''■'■' ^''">- '■■ Montague,"29 i^K. Ir. 429; Rob,.rtson v. Quidington, 28 Heav. 529. The good will of a vici ler's business wa.s held to Ik3 incident to the stm.k and license, and not to the pnan Hoard of Works. 25 Ch.D. 472. The business of a soli.-i- or has no local existence but is entirely personal: Arundel] v. " . 1 ^^.R. 4<7; Au.stin V. Hoy.s. 2 DeG. & J. 62.i. The good- ol a surgeon attHches to his person as a result of confidence " I— k,ll and ability. It is therefore an asset of the ...state dis- "■'■t ... .t.selt ,0 be accounted for in the ordinary course of .d- .. ns .„^ Christie v. CUrk. 27 CCC^.H. 21. atlirming , ; tr I I i !i J ' r : t I'! %'■! 1 '•'• u \ L h HI (IIAPTKKXIII. The Date. I I I i :.u= ; In the form of a iiiortjjaff*' tin- Krat thint; to be considered is the date, as that Renprally, though uot necessarily, is inserted at the iM'fiinning rather than at the end of the instrument. When the inbt: : ent is dated, the pre.suniV)tion is that delivery was made mmu that date (Hayward v. Thacker, M Q.H. 427), but, because a deed i.s good, though it mentions no date, or has a false or impassible date, this presumption can l>f rebutted, and the parties may, by parol evidence, shew the trm time of delivery: Davis v. Jones. 17 C.B. ti'i"). 4 W.H. 248; so- Hubert V. Moreau, 2 ("ar. & P. 528; Hurdett v. Hunt. 2;') Mi- 4l!t: Partridge v. Swa/.ey. 4ti Me. 414; McLean & Pinkerton. 7 A.fJ. 4!)0; Burdett v. Hunt. 2.") Me. 419. The expression "delivery" is not to be taken in its popul.ir .sense, as immning a manual delivery, for the instrument iii.i\ be completely executed, and yet not handed to the mortgagiv: ')Ut there must be some act on the i)art of both parties to the in striiment. wiiieh in legal eonteinplatiou will be equivalent u> manual delivery. Disputes may ari.se on the point of deliv.n between a mortgagor and mortga<,'ee, as to whether or not tin ! was "deliverj-," but, under the ■statute there mast be an :itii davit of bona fiih.f both in the eii.>f of a mortgage, ani'' . and this being so it would then be less a question whether tlh iv was a delivery, than a question as to when it took plaee. ;is settling the moment of time from which the instrument im"" into force, as agaiast the persons intended to be proteeted ! > the statute. !■■! m TlIK I>.\TK. !«3 In Ontario it in provided that the affidavit of execMitioii of iuort^'aK.* shall contain the .late of the execution of the uiort- pijre: l(t Kdw. VII. eh. ,;-,, .^..p. .-,^ « s.O. 18f>7. ch. 148. m-c. 2. Th..re is. however, no provision in the Act which requires th". date to he inserted in the affidavit of execution of an absolute bdl of sale (10 Kdw. VH. eh. 65, sec. 8, R.S.O. (1H!»-). ch. 148. *«■<•. 6), nor in the case of an ajrreenient to make a sale; hut if " *?•••'""'"<'"» »"' to nwik.. a uiortsragc. it would appear that such .late niust IH. insert...!, for th.- affi.lavit of ."xeeution must be HI the maiuier •'pn^scribed in r.-spe<-t of bills of sab- an.l mort- )l'>Krs:- 10 Kdw. VH. eh. (>:,. seCK Ifi. 17. HSO IS't? ch 148, s.'es. 11. 12. In conse<|uence of the statute requiriiiK bill.s of sab- to be npistered within a limite.i time from their ..x.-cution. an.l th.. .iat,. l)ein{f prima facir evidenc- of the tim.. wh..n ..x..cution took l.l.-..e (Poster v. I'.-rkins. 42 M>: 168). it oft.-n b,.eom,.s material to .i.t..rm,ne the real .lat.. of execution. To a.imit testimony sh..w.nKth.. .lat.. to b.. incorr..et .lo<.s not ten.l to varv or contra- «lH.t the instrument, an.l th..r..rore parol eviden.-e is admitt...! to.sheu- that a mistake has b,...n ma.b- in the .late: Slone-breaker V. K.rr, 40 Jnd. 186. It sonietim..s is important to establish th.. morn..nt of tim.. of the day when such instruments are .-xecMt.Ml. The date in- s->inl adonis no iu.lieation as to th.' hour of th,. ,lav when ..x.- '■"""" took i.lac... and. sin.-,, insfru.nents un,i..r th." A.-t relat.- I'.i'k an.l take efr,.ct from their ex..culion. it i.s possibl.. for a "•nH„.t to arm.. betw..,.n an ..xecution cre.litor and a mortgagee "liorem a fraction of a day would bav.. to be consLler,..! "h. M..-.I ...•.s.s, wh..n the .justi.... of th.. eaus.. .so r.-quires. th.- Courts "I '■<"isi,l,.r a fra.-tion of a .lay : Be..knum v. Jarvis 3 V V H " th.-ref.)r.., n.ifrht „ot be ..n.l..sirable for the convevan.-.T " pros.^n'e evidence of the time of the day when instruments ""I'T the Act were executed. A purcha.ser of propertv n.av '"■ '"••l'"-l to r..ly upon the evi.l..n<.e in th.. .lerk's c^Kc. tb.u !l If li 1 IS ! I i.., ! and the delay in the prejmnition of the instrument for t. n days is not fatal to its validity under the .statute: MeDoniild v (;Munt < ISiUM, :U) Ont. |{. :W8. 401. The omission of the tiate anti the words "l)cfore me" fion the jurat of an allidavif aeeomi)anying a !;iil of sale is an inviilil Hting defeet which eannot be supplied l)y parol evideiiee: .Xiclii bal.i V. Ilul.ley, IS Ciin. S.C.K. IKi. Tin- execution of a i)ill ni .sale at the loot of the annexed .schedule is sutlieient : Melvi::- V. Stringer, 12 (^ Ml). V.\'l. The aiTHdavit need not be mad the day the mortiragc is executeil ; I'erry v. Kuttan. 10 I'.C.t^ !! ti:{7. .\ bill of sale and the atlidavit of the time at which it v .l^ made rmi.st be tiled simultaneously; (irindell v. Mrendon. (i (' li (ills. .\n atHdavit of Ihdui fuJix sworn prior to the exeeutidii >! the mortgaire is insutTieient : Muilding and Loan As.s(K'iatir at- te.sted nor the consideration money paid until two days after tlie execution : DarviU v. Terry, 6 II. & N. 807. The time for piiyineut to be made on a chattel mortfjaKe for a debt may be exteiide CIIATTKt, MOKTOAOKS. KfiicrHl FiiKt or 'rhiiiikHjfiviiiK: 2 Kilw. \'ll. eh. 12, xfc. 1; 7 Kdw. VII. v)\. 2, mr. 7 (16). )iy Htiifntf ill OiilHrio, 7 Ktlw, VII. eh. 2, sec. 7 (IM), if the fiiiH' limitt'd hv an Act for nii.v prtH't-rdini;, or for the . The insuralde in- ttri'st of a mortgagor extends to the full value of the goods or property mortgaged, while that of the iriortgagee is limited to tile amount of his mortgage deht ((ilover v. IJlaek, 1 HI. K. :t!)(i ; liolicrtsoM V. Hamilton, 14 Ka.st r»2ft ">!(;{; Crawford v. Ilunt.r. « T.R. Iti; Stoekdale v. Dunlop. fi .M. & \V. 224: I'owlcs v. Inn.s. 11 .M. & W. "lO), anil the eirciimstanee of the mortgagor .se(|uent advances not secured hy the moit- Kigi' or other claims upon parol agreements, so as to increase Ins insurable interest in the goods or subject-matter of his mort- tfiige (Ogden V. Montreal las. Co., -i I'.C.C.P. 4!)7 ) : but if he be in possevaion, then, inasnnieh as he may be responsible to the mortgagor as bailee of the go.xls, he has an insurable interest ii, :t ll •♦■I ' i|i I IfiS BILI^ OK H.\r.K ANn CIIATTEI, MORTOAIIEN. I . tho propiTty to the full value thtTt-of ; he mutt, however, in the event of lom, account to the inortiraKor for everything over and ahove hix owti inortipiKe claim, intercut and cosU. While a mortKHKcc haa in himaelf an inaurahle interest, and NO may inHure for hiit own iM-neflt ainiply. he yet is at likTty to imture for the joint henefit of himaelf and the mortjragor. The contract of iiwurance usually stipulate* that the extent and nature of the intereat iuNun-d nhoidd Im- clearly act out, hut in the al)ncnee of conditions to this cffeel it ia unnecetisary that the mortsragee alionld state either the nature of his interest, or for whoH<> iH-nefit the insurance ia made. The rule i« that the suhject-mutter of insurance ma-it b«' particularly de(«ribed, hut the interest of the insun-d may be left at large: Richardson v Home, 21 I'.C.C'.P. 291 ; Ogden v. Montn-al Ins. Co., 3 V.V V P 497. The usual practice in for the mortgagor to covenant thm he will insure and keep insured the property (.'iven in seciirit.v. and when he insures in pursuance of such a covenant the insur iim-f in ertected in his own name, and the loss (if any) is miidr payable to the mortgagee, according to his interest ; or the jH>lii'.\ issued is awsijrned to the ii.'.rtgagee, not absolutely, but as eol liiteral security to the extent of tile mortjfa^ree's int«'rest. Thoii-h a limited interest will be implied from an assijrnment by a mori jfajfor to a mortgagee of a policy of insurance, it yet Ls advisal.]. always to expressly define the nature and extent of the jiisitfii iiiiUt. so as to guard against the mortgagor U-injr «; San.la v. Stan.lani Ins. C... l'7 (ir. Itl7: Soveri'ign Ins. Co. v. Peters, 12 Can. S.C.R. :{;{; Metiue.n V. I'h.eni.x Mutual Ins. Co.. 4 Can. H.C.K. (!«(), fi68. A condition ill H policy of inauranee that ••the inter.-Ht of the asi.iured in thin jM.lM.y or any i>art thereof or in the property hereby in.Hured or iiii.v part thereof ia not aasi^nahle without the consent of the "■MipM.iy in writing, " refers to an absolute assignment, ah.l 'l"-s not proh.., : u transfer by way of mortgage: I'ritchard v •M.rehants, 26 N.H.R. 2;{2: Keefer v. Phu'nix Ins. Co., M Can. >=( .K. 144, followed in Trotter v. Calgary K. 1 ( o l> W I K ti72. ti78. " " ■ '■ ■ Hut that will not apply in the case of a mortgage of the l"'licy iLself, or when- there is a condition in the policy against ■I 'change of title": Salterio v. City of London F. Co.". 2;J Can. S.( .K. ;L»; Citizens' Ins. Co. v. Salterio. 2:1 Can. S.C.R. l.V>. So 111'' .surrender of the t^uity of redemption by the mortpijror to III'' mortjfaKee operates as a total assignment to which the as- siirer-s assent is a prerequisite: Pinhev v. Mercantile Fin- III"' <<)., 2 O.L.R. 296. riif tatt that the insurable interest of the mortjraKor had ' M'liv'l l>y rejison of hLs surrender of the equity of redemption '" til'- iiiort-anee, will not necessarily affect the rights of the I'l'Tt-agee to recover from the in.surer, who, with kuowl-dge of 111" ^is.sii.Mnneiit, aeeeptetl the I)remium8 paid by the latter: \Vy- miii V. Imperial Ins. Co.. 16 Can. S.C.R. Tlo. Ill all cases, however, it is advisable that the comi.anys as- M ( i li ! f ( i i i . 'U i i f 1 , i f i «i! 111 170 MUM or HAI.r. AND CIIATTKI. MOIITOAOMl. lu-iit to NUfh nil aMHitrniiifnt Nhoiild In- iirocMintl. Tht* polirieH oi tiiMt companiMi are ronditionnl no hm to riMjuirt' not iff. A fov fiiuiit tu itHun* in a iiiortKHKf opfratfit iih hii fi|uital>lf iiiiNiKii iiifiit of any |iolify of inMuriiiiff that might Ih> flfctrtfil liy tlir iiiortKaKOf : Wt-Hlfni liiiiik v. Coiirti'iuaiifhf, 27 O.K. '2\'.\: (Jrrcl V. Citizeua' liw. Co.; (Inn-t v. Hoyal Inn. Co., •") A.K. 't'Mi: lom are Leea v. Whitfify, li.lt. 2 K<(. 14:<. WhfM tlu-rf In stifh ii fovfiiaiit, and tlif iiiortifairur iiiiikfs dr fault in iiiHUramx-, thf iiiortffHKff may inaiii'f and fliar);i' tin premiuiiiN to thf iiiort(rai;>ir, if rfiiHiinal>lf ( l^f land v. (Ndlivii 34 Mich. 418) ; but it ahoiild !•♦• providetl by the mortifinTf lliiii thf ^'(KnlN mortKaiKfd Nliall staiul charitfd with tht> rfpayiiKiii of thf premiuina so paid in thf Naiiif maniif r aH, and iin part ni thf |)riiifi|>al luoiify, or thf morturatrff may tind hinmflf uilli ii<> othfr sffiirity therffor than thf luortKaKor'a perHonal fovfiiMiii In all Miifh caMfM thf iiiHuraiiff moiify is payahlf to the imiit j.MKif. who iiiiiMt ap|>ly it to thi- diwhargf of thf dfht ami i< turn any halanfe to thf mortKatcor. Kut tlu* morii;aKff '>* >>"' hound MO to apply thf moiifv until tli<< maturity of tlif iiinit jra^f I AiLHtin v. Storfy, HI l' iiitercst is a ((Ufation of eon-side rali'c ditlifulty, and thf dec isiims arf not rfeoiicilablf. Thf la'ltfr opinion seems to be thiit ili ■ insurfra ai'f in the .same |)ONitiou as a surfty who has ])aiil it' principal dfbl, and thfrefon.' that they arf entitli'd to niiIhd:,! lion of thf sfcurity, so as to stand, with referfnci' to il. in 'ur same posilioii as did thf insured. Tlifre fan In' no iloulit ihtt the m;)rti,Mi;ff "s insurable intfii'st dfpfiids upon his dfbt m> ti i! where a mortgaKee, without any agrcfnifiit with thf mortjru i'- insures, lu' insiin>s his debl, and, when thf debt is i)aid, his in .Miriililf inffi'fst eea.sfs: Carpfiiter v. Ins. Co., l(i I'd. |l).'> ; \'.\^. Co. V. VVoodrulT. 2 Dutch .')41 ; Smith v. In.s. Co., 17 I'cnii >t 2.'):J. INKIHAVCK. 171 f A morlKHKiM' to whom |>.i.viii<>nt in tii !»• ninitc in ,-nm> of Iumh 'an liiM inli'niit iii.iy H|>|i<>Hr" cHiinot ii'i-ovir on tin- policy v.li.-n hiN mortsriijci' him In-.-n iiMNiitniil i W.-Hf Ann. ^ ,i. v. T.-mpI,. :\] Can. SCR. Mli. Ill CHS.- of loNN till- iiiHunT iH .•ntitlf.l to U- HwUrmtninl to tlir iiiortjfitk'c.'M cliiiin: Susm-x v. \Voo<|rutf, 2(i \..I. Kq. r»41 ; llmior.' »■. liiiiiiar Ins, «'o., .">1 111. 40!»; Norwi.-ji v. Itmiimr, .'>L' 111.442; Mlaiiuwpot v. Du (JoHta, 1 Kd.-ii 1.10; |{«n,l„l v. C-M^knin. I \,-H. Hi'tt. !tH: MaNoii v. Saiiwliiiry, :» Doiik. ♦»! ; Ynti-H v. Whit.'. 4 n\uii. N.C. 272. The principle of HuhroKation iH applied to caws \\\wrv the oMiicr of the goodH hax a remedy in tort ajjaiiist a third person for the d.fitrm-tion of the kcmxIs. In any hiicIi eas.- the fact of III. own.r l)ein« inileinniti.'d hy tlii' iimnrerH Ih no defence to an action agiiinst the wroiiKdwr, hut the iiiHnrers. to the e.xient of the amount they have paid, are entitled to In- Mnhroi,'ated to the riKhts of the o\vii<-r ajfaiiwt th<- wroiiirdoer: .Mason v. Saiiis- hiiry, :{ Doug. aiiy to he suhmualed lo the MiortKaKe rixhtN of the mortKage*- in the case of a policy of in- Niiniiice containing the usual suhroKatioii chiuw referred to hc- 1<'W. depends ujion wh.-ther tlu-y have a g(H.d defenci^ a-ainst llie claim of the mortgaj.'or. who a.s In'tweeii liim.self and the iii- Miniiice company i.s the party innure4 ; Mull v. .North I'litish Cana.lian Investment Co.. 1.'. O A.IJ. 4l'1. atlirmed siih """I. Imiierial Kire Ins. Co. v. iJull. 1 Cameron S.C. Cas. 1 , ,.or- iv,tiiu: the report in I.S Can. S.C.U. (i<>7i. Where a .statutory condition provi.les that if the property insured bs assigned without the written permission of the coiii- I'iiii.v the policy shall he avoided, the a.ssi^'nment meant is one h "liich the assignor divests hims..|f of all title and interest. Hi.- cmidition is directed against a change of title, not the nvitioii of an eiicumhranee, ami therefore a mortgaire l.y the I'ison iiai..e,i is n< „ hr,-acli of the condition; Sands v. The a 'ft »• . ! . ill is ■ I 172 BIU.S OF S.VI,E AND CHATTEI, MORTOAOE S. Standard Ins. Co., etc., Co., 15 O.A.R Gas. 1. 26 G. .421; 113, 27 Or. Imperial F 167; re V. Bull V. Bull, 1 North British, CaincT- : r li'i The amount of the mortgage debt must be actui 'v i.r.id or tendered to the mortgagee to entitle the insurer to In- i! ixat. d to the rights of t'f^ mortgagee: Montreal Loan, eit-., Co. Denis, 14 Que. S.C. 106; see also Klein v. I'nion Fire InsurantM' Co.. .} O.R. 324; McKay v. Xorwieh I'nion Ins. Co., 27 O.R. 251 : Howes V. Dominion Fire, etc., Ins. <.'o.. 8 O.A.R. 644: Anderson V. Sausreen Mutual Fire Ins. Co., 18 O.R. 3r)5; National Insur- ance Co. V. McLaren, 12 O.R. 682. Where the property is subject to several mortfrages, each con faining a covenant to insure, the subsequent mortgaj?(«es are en titled, sub.;rtgage clause entitles tli,- mortgagee to brin- an action in his own „a,„e alone on the policy. In Haslem v. K.|uity Fin- Ins. <■<>.. X O.L.R. 246, the Court sustaine.l the ri-ht of the nmrt- i-My.e to sue the insurance eon.i)any in his own name for the ■"'mua due under the policy, though the poliev did not con- !"" any mortgage or subrogation clau.se. nor anv .lireet ai^-ree- '" "'"' •'"' '"ortgagee. but which was etlVcted bv the niort- J-'ii-'or i.ursuant to a .-ovenant in the mortgage, and bv a policy '!"■ loss was made j.ayable to the mortgau'ee: Te.tol, J ap,,lv. nii.' .Mct^ueen V. l'h,enix Mutual. 4 Can. S.C.K. 660, an.i Greet V < n,/.e„.s- In.s. Co., 27 (ir. 12L .l O.A.K. .VKI. made the follow- ■".' ol.servat,ons: -"As soon as all things have been ,lone bv the ^'-'■n.a to make th,. .lefendant insurer) liable to pav the "'""■M» of the insurance money, then this numey is stamped with 11 n « ii 1, !•; 1 ' < i^l : ji ': . ! ' ^ 1 1 '■ ¥•' ^c m % < ■ 1 :« \ m in In = j ■• iJ- 5 I * 5 t ! i i 174 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MOK .AGES. a trust in favour of the mortgagees, and under the authority of the above cases . . . they have a direct beneficial interest in and a lien upc the insurance money in defendant's hands, as soon as it becomes applicable to the payment of the loss, and arc entitled to bring an action against the company for the same. ' The assignee for creditors of the assured is entitled to main- tain a joint action with the beneficiary to whom the loss is made payable by the policy, notwithstanding that the transfer of the policy to the assignee has not been consented to by tlu' insurers: Strong v. Crown Fire las. Co.. 1 D.L.K. 111. .{ O.W.X 481, as varied 4 D.L.R. 224, .{ 0.\V..\. 1;1:{4. A policy cannot be cancelled by the insurance conii>any. nt the recjuest of the mortgagee, as the equitable beneficiary then' under, without notice to the mortK.ijror. Likewi.se. insiirani'. effected by the mortgagee, without the mortgagor's assent, afti-i an attempted cancellation, does not affect the mortgagor's right of recovery on the policy effected by him: Morrow v. Lancashii. Ins. Co.. 26 O.A.R. 173. affirming 2!) O.K. .377. It has also l)een held that the failure of a mortgagee to carrv out his undertaking to continue an insurance policy on the niorf ;,'age(l property renders him liable in damages to the mortiragor. ignorant of such failure, for the amount of such insurance in case the property is burned after the policy lapses: Campbell v Canadian Co-op. Ins. Co., 16 Man. h.H. 464, following Skeltoii V. L. & N.W. K. Co., L.R. 2 C.P. 636. I > i ) < 1^ tfi r=; } It CANADA AN ACT RESl'KcriXO MOXKV-LKNDKKS. (R.S.C. l!»(lt;. (11. 12l'.i Short Title. 1. ihis Act may he cit.-d as tlir your;/ Lnuhrs Ail, tl Kdu VII. i-li. ;}2, sw. 1. I'sury Uijishition. The Parliament of the former "Provinc- of Canada" in lf^:)S t.illowed the example set by tlie Impt-rial Parliament wiiidi had m 1S.)4 passed an Aet repealing all usury laws then iu fore.- uliftli.T based on the eomiiion law or statnt.'. It enaeted that •■-■xcept as otherwise provided by this or any other Aet of the I'l'liament of C'. da. any person may stipulate f<.r. allow and |xi(t on any co.. .,ct, or .ipreement what.soever. anv rate of iiii'T.st or discount which is agreed upon." A similar 'proviso Ls >iill 111 force, subject, however, to the provisions of the Monev I.'iiders Aet subsequent thereto. See H.S.C. 1906, eh. 120. .sec. 2. The aliove se<'tion remained in force for a period of nearlv 'I'll' a eentur\ to the time when the oriprinal of tiie jir sent A't ti Kdw. VH. ch. ;J2) was passed. It follows to some extent tlie provisions of the Hnjilish Money Lenders Aet of 1900. This Alt is a re-enaetment with a limitation as to amount of the '"'1 usury laws by which the rate of interest on monev lent ».is expressly limited to a fixed percentage and the ad' laws did not affect the power of a Court of equity to review and set aside usurious transactions where they are founded on fraud or to ^rant relief from un- conscionable bargains: Ilowley v. Cook, Ir. R. 8 Eq. 570- Teeter V. St. John, 10 Or. 85. The Court under its former equity jurisdiction did not relieve against an usurious contract so as to forfeit the prin- cipal, as well as the illegal interest: Pitt v. Cholmondely, 2 Ves. 564, 567. And in order to be entitled to equitable relief, a Court of ecpiity re(iuiretl that it should be on terms of payiiis; what is fairly due, with legal interest : Scott v. Xesbitt, 2 "Co.\ 183: Mason v. Gardiner. 4 Hro. C.C. 436; Whitmore v. Francis. 8 Price 616; Lodge v. National I'nion Co., (1907] 1 Ch. 300. The Money Lenders Act is of non-retroactive effect- TaplcN V. Marks, (Que.) 2 K.L.R. ,}">. The a.ssignment of a chattel mortgage as security for .in asurious loan does not affwt the right of redemption of lli. mortgagor as against the mortgagee or his assignee: Johnson v Williamhurst, 1 L.J. Ch. 112. Definition of "Honey-lender." 2. " Money-lender" • in this Act includes any person who carries on the busines.s of money-lending, or advertises, or ;iii nounces himself, or holds himself out in any way, as carryiiiu- on that business, and who makes a practice of lending moii. \ at a higher rate than ten per centum per annum but does nm eomi)risc registered pawnbrokers a.s .such: 6 Edw. VII. di. ;i', see. 2. A conviction under the Money Lenders Act, H.S.C. lilOti, , h. 121*, will be quashed if no evidence i.s given that the ;u-fii> I made a practice of lending money at a higher rate than Mi per cent. Oral evidence is admissible on a pro.secution uui'V the Money Lenders Act to shew that the true tran.saetioii v^i^ one of loan and not, as claimed by the defence, a pureluisr ,>! unearned siilary from the party to whom the money was giv.ri; The King v. Clegg, 14 Can. Cr. Cas. 217, 18 Man! L.H. !t Statute not Applicable to Yukon. 3. This Act shall not iipi)ly to I lie Yukon Territorv. d K iu. VII ch. .(2, .sec. 11. J ■ ? - MONKV I.KNDKIiS ACT flAX. I, 177 limitation as to Small Loans. 4_ Tins AotHlKMl not apply ,0 any loan or ,n.Ms..tion i.. »l".-h tl... whol.. ,n,..n.t or .li.s..o„nt ,.haru...l or eollo.-t.-.l i„ .•on„K.t.on tlu.n.w,th .lo.. not ..xc.v.I „,.. sun. of fiftv ..nts I' Ker ct.ntiini inter.'st shall he reduc..,! to the >er aniiuin from the date of .iii.lgiii,.nt ■""•'•"It dii.-. a Kdw. VIl. ch. 32 for till recovery of th. S..C. ;{. Ill West V. Diprose, []!)(MI] 1 Ch. .{.{T til-' def.'n.hint a hill of .sale of chattel the jilaintiff ha.l ^ sriv..|i '-•">|"i and interest th ■iiiiniiii. t lllOlltll he principal to he repaid It ■reon at the rate of (10 Is as s.'Ciirify for a loan of per e..|it. |i,-r instalment only wius pai.l. wli monthly instalments. On "i"' -'" i--reement that the mort^'aire,! ■""■ ""• loan paid out of the pro.-....,!; I'H th. parties (.nteied th ;i|i|.i\ '' d..f..ndant claim...] to hol.l It in I)ayiiii'nt of his ■"•'•"•■ding to the proviso for proj)..rty should lit" .sold. Is. Thi. sal., haviiiir h.-en the inircha.se-inoney and ■II I principal aii.l inteivst as it f, I'l'iiiitiir ol).j..ct.'.l an.I conteiul...! that li repayment, to which the "- I'nneipal an.I int..r..st up to the f i •-. i i I 1*1 (-! 'hi l:l ,1 ^ '» 'I n * ' t ' 'hi ■1*1' ' m I lU [i II ;' ( ! 5 178 BIU.S OK HAI.E AXn C'lIATTEI. M()RTr..\(iF.S. Hiiil tl»iit from fill' inoini'iit tlif monoy was n-ccivi'd inti-rt-st c't'Hsi'd to run: sec .'{6 (Mi.J. :{!)(•. Powen to Court for Inquiry into Transaction and Relief of Debtor. 7. In any Nuit. aetioii or otiicr proei'tniinK conctTnintJ ti Iomii of money liy a money-lender tlie principal oi whieh was orijfiii- ally uniler five Inindred dollars, wherein it is alli-ged that tli amount of interest paid or claimed exceeds the rate of twelv per centum per annum, includiu>; the charges for discount, com mission, expenses, inquiries, fines, honus, renewals, or any othr' charges, but not including taxable conveyancing charges, tli- Court may re-open the transaction an . or alter, any security given in respect of the transaction: '■ Edw. Vll. eh. ;{2, sec. 4. liccoviry of Kncss. Any remedy provided for the relief of borrowers a>_Mi usury by the Money L.'uders .\et. R.S.f. 1006, ch. 122. is cum lative to and not in substitution for the common law rlL'lit recover the exce.s.s. A borrower who has paitl interest in excess of the maximi rate for which a contract may lefzally be made under tlie ;• visions of the Jloney Lenders Act. K.S.C. 1906, ch. 122. lu- right ot action at common law to n'cover such excess: \V,iit> Tolman. (i D.L.H. .">. 22 W.L.R. "w, affirmed, 7 D.L.R. ^ Hrowning v. Morris. 2 ("owp. 790. !I8 Kng. Rep. l:>64, and Sm V. Bromley, 2 Doug. 696, 99 rhig. Rep. 441, applied; Hanih V. Robertson. 6 Q.B.O.S. lOnt.) r)42, .spwially ref.'rred tn The Piiitilish statute re(|uires a money lender to registi i such, and it has b-en held under it that a bill of sale tak.ii MONKV I.ENDKRS ACT (VW.). ,-q ..W affin,,.,.,. I .,,,8 1 o (.,.. ,n2. an.i ciisti„,M.i.sl. „,, il J - .\Ht.o„al [ n.on Inv,.8t.nont Co., 1 19071 1 Ch. 300 Exception in Ca.e of Negotiable Instrument of Bona Fide Holder. 8. The bonn fide holder. h,.f„re ,„at.„itv. of a ....Rotial.!,. in — ;- -ii-nnt..., ,,. a pr.......li.., ho,.,..; a, a n.n.'of 7.. .. , ;;'■ ""^ "'7 ""♦•""•'-' •'■^- tl'is Ac-t. ,..ay n..v..rth..le*. r. .ove.- '"■ """.^ *':"•"«'•• '••" "'^' P"'-t.v diseha.-gi,.. sud. i,.stru.nent -'.V m-lan„ from t,... .„on..,-,....,... „„, a.„o,.n, pai., ther..o •\'t : 6 K,,«-. Vll. ch. .'{2. see. 5. ■V'. '/"//■'//*/( Iiislrumnits '^< »etin.. oi saiii notes. rcscrviinF nnU- ti. . • i -.;;"•>. .iisehar.i„, ..i., no^.r^^^lX- M T ' Z„.!: Sup. (t, ' '•'•'"""^'"'''^ tn...,..„h..rg V. Kav..s. V.^ (^,.... p.,;. .-{o^ of int.lv''/\-''''°,''""r' '"•"'"'■'^"'•y not..s .iLs,.o„nt..,l at a .-at.. tint tl„. I '"'""" *' '"^ amounts, especially if it is not alle.',.,l Act to Apply to Existing Contracts and to Existing Judgments. l.u„ in! ,r, '"f "^ "' •■ '"'" "' '"""'•^•- °"^"-".^- ""•'- five ""■"'•'•'1 Ait. H.S.C. liKIt). ch. 22. it is a question of fact whi'tiier the a., i^ 1 liiiiiself lent the money which the borrower received from hi'i; oi- whether he acted as the borrower's anient or liroker to pm ;iiv the loan and deliver the prweeds less his brokeraire rli, :-•> Where the transaction charp'd a." an usurious di:,eounl uh if the ilonev Lenders Act was a eoloui:i!tle one taking tli.' Inini i>i !."i it n " i MONKV I.K.SKKRS ACT (c.W. 1, *« iilIt'KiMl hioki mk on the liorrowcr's li.-luilf, tl tiiuls tlitTf was ill I'jict no lirok xroiiiit iiiiKlf liv till •• Hcciiscd to till' borrower accuMfd at fin- convict if llii' mIIik,.,| (lisi'omit at flic bank c iiiai:i.Ntratc may fratrc arranifciiicnt ami that till' real transaction: The Kii i» <».i-.i{. -.m was iiin-fly a liliml to co\ m V. Diilir. 14 (an. Cr. (• cr lip . 4;i(i, Wl icrc a money Icmlin;.' luisiucss rpoialion which collects from the I is carried on throiiirh 'l\aiiccd a commission f porrower out of the i or i»rociiriii;,' tli till- m:i-\imum contract rat.' jpayahl.^ on tl iion.'y e loan in ml.lition to tak III. piiyali!.' to an iii.lividiial. ami hoti le s.'ciiritii-s wlii. \i.|ii.d [.•inl.'r and tl tl le same ii.rson, evid.-iice is a.lmissil coi-|)oration aiv r.'iiivsented 1. of the latter f on a J iros.'c Il- l's Act to shew that thei or an infraction of th.- .Moiu-v I •e wiTc not in fact t\\ .eli- '■s ami that the mcfho<|s adopte.l f) s.'parate Itiisi- I'lii attempt at I'vasion of (he j ploy.-.' of a money lender ulcr the M( ipte.l Were coloiirahle a 11. 1 a Drovisions of the statiit.'. An may l>e conviefed of a usury un.lcr t... Money L..nder.s Act if 1... carru's on th.. I,„sin...ss '," '";>•■••'" "'1.' lor I'is eni,.|oy,.r an.l makes for him contracts '"'• pn.hi Mted interest and commissions, or if h,. ai.ls and al...ts n th,. . ..Kal traiLsactions: Th,. Kin^j v. Smith an.l I.,i,|„.r 1 ' ' "1. ( r. ( a.s. 44.'), 4t; CL..!. 4!t,s, K; ().\V.K. ,-,42. If it is shewn there is a l.-nding of eiv.lit l.v ..miorsiiiK a l'>'..,nsso.y note for a consideration to l„. pai.l" the ciuloi^.r »""i' 1.^ l-irser than i.s lawful as inicvst upon a loan, ami that ■I'N ni.thod ot doin- husiness in collusion with the thir.l partv "I.'' d.s.-.unted the note, is a device to eva.l.- th.- Alonev iJudc'is I , ; ;:";'r'T " " '"•"'"•■ ''■"^''••■- •""'•■'• ""■ ■•^•'"•'t''- ^nd ...av ';•■ I'-M Imble tor criminal usury. Th,. local iuana^'..r of an en- ' '"-i"^' corporation who. on behalf of the cor,.oratioii. im.k.s ■ Lsunous bargain for en.lorscmcnt charges, and directs the '^^■■ to the discounter who niak,.s a further char^'e of tl... "11 i..gai rate ot discount, is an aider aiul alK-ttor of the otfenco ;"' ," '^^.':''"'"!'.">- ''«'•'•' »»''•••• <"»HT be paid by the borrower for the guarantee and for tin- intiiot upon a loan of less than $'>(K), exe.-eds twelve per cent. S. , 6!( of the Criminal Co) with the iiitt'iit that any on.' sliall so .i.-fraii.l liis crt-di. tors, or any oiu' of th.-in, rec-ivfi* any such i>rop.Tty ; or. '< ) being a trader and indel)ted to an aiiionnt exei-.-ding one thousand dollars, is unable to pay his ere.lltors in full an.l has not. for five years next U'fore such inability, k.-pt sueh books nf account as, aeeordinj; to the iwual course of any trnd.' or Imsiness in which he may have been engage.l, an- necessary to exhibit or explain his transaction, unless he be able to account for his losses to the satisfaction of the Court or Judg.' an.l to >li.w that the absence of such books was not inten.led to defraud Ins cre.iitors. .').>,5« V. ch. 29, sec. :}68; 4 K. VII. ch. 7, sec. 1. •■I'lopirty" Defined. The expression "property" includes: (a) everv kind of real imd personal property, and all deeds and instruments relating t" or evidencing the title or right to any property, or -iving a iiiriit to recover or rweive any money or goods; h) not only such property as was originally in the pos.ses- Nion or un.ier the control of any person, but ahso anv property uto or for which the same has been converted or exchanged and •iuythmg acquired by such conversion or exchange, whether im- iiidiat.'ly or otherwise. Cr. Coy SAI.K AM) IIIATTKI, MuHTliAliKs. : 5 H . i Tninsfi, with Inliiil I,, Ihfnitul. It is not (HMintml ihi.t tin- drlit of tli.- .-r.-ditor mIioiiIiI iit tli.' time of iiHNii.'iiiii.'nl lif iK-fiially net asid.' as fonnde.l on an alms.' of the eriminal pnx-.-Ns of ih Court. Shor.y v. .lon.'s l.sNSi. ].-, ,'an. S.l'.K. :i!W. atlirmiiij till' ileeision of th.' Supreme Court of Nova Seotia "0 \^ K.'p. ;i7.s. In Nova Seotia it is li.'ld thai th.' disp.isition of the prop.i^ iin.l.'r this ^eetion lllll.^t U.' such as wonl.l. if not int.'rfm i| with, d.'priv.' th.' er.'.litors of an> hi'iielit whatev.T theri'fi.iiM K. V. Shaw > isli,-, ;. .!i N.s.H. ,.:!4. In a pnx'.'ediiitr of a penal nature involving' .1, 'privation >•: lih.Tty, au.l l.rouirhl uii.I.t h pr.uincial statute for an all.';;, i I'on.'.'alment of prop.Tty in ran. I. of er.'.litors, th.' rul.'> ;iii < principles of th.' eriminal law ;is to the .'videnc- aii.l its elV. lire Hppli,-ah|. an, I th. -.. imist i.e el.-ar and conelusiv.' . \ (h'licf to .jiLstify a .'..iivi.'! i..i. A tin.;ini.' that an in.solv,,,, has seeret.'d a part of Ins properrv with the intent of d.-fraiii IWil his erei|r..is is :iot sii|.,r the r.-siilt •■. !in extrava-ant .'Xi.enditii' ,.! ..a»iii^ „ |ivin>f e.\|.i'ns- Uryc.' v. Wilks 1"^il' . :. an. y v < .ol 4-*,". ^uc.) The depositHKis or ,i ; itloiient (ir«»w mu^i his • xaminatin!! as to means um Im iirmiea m -^v-msm^ ius^muX him upon i criminal ohurKt- t itw»*»ti«J .if prnwr^. ;ii frau.l of .'rc.li'n;- unlcw at th.' tim ot m,- •xaiuinatSMw is- oi»ieett-i| to aiisu.r .i;, m \ CHIMINM. THA.NHJKHs i.K (U VTTKI> H.I tlh- Kroiiml thiif I III.' .•xiiMiitmtioii u.r.. iH'for.. h ,IuI liiiiw.ioi)s then iiiiiili' in limy III' iiff.rwi.nlH u.^,.,) lit MiiHHvr i\uitUi I. 'II. I t itli <) criiiiiiiatc liim. If V iiiit'iiin^.'il Hiitliorifv. th,. i|M.Hnoii.s «,.,.-• not ,.ro|.rrly uifhin tl iiiiMWir to ((U.'stioiiN not olij.rt.- I t( lllflliimf tlw ,!(•.• ILS... I .lltlioiivl, Mllrli llllM Th.' K I'lKin iiiK V. Vjin .Meter, 1] ( '• HfO|M' of till' .■Mlliiili; JIM iiiilii'fiii.'nf miller 22 \ iivMUnni.'iit to ilefniii.l creilitorH. I-- |»r«ioii)ilfy Mci/iilil iiti. i'r. <*iis. 2i'7 I'f. .'h. !»♦;, f 'l'ili'floil illlil iljsel «aN hehj tliiit a iiioncy lioinj i_tioii iiMiler the Htaliiti's Vl anil iiiiil. further, that a tr.itiNfer lO .iri'.'liti'il the .<f.' "f his ih'ht. ,|iil not reiiili.r tli Pott i.'iit li>w |i:ihh. nn.ler this jn.l ill full jiiiity \VI the (' cr ^ l,S(i(M_ III (•(•.c |. ;( I'tlliellt : 'I'h^ ^I'liiii oil a ehar'.'e of I'lirt of Appeal on ii .'.INI' ri'servcil. after IV. 'Hilifors. In of r.'<'.'ivin- property aith intent t, COM- < 'Hin liejovv th.' i.risoiier .shoiilil I I ""I "i:' tl <'ourt .'onstruiiiv' IMIL> a similar .>jifi '-•• s.','. ;t* on the date charged. Although evidence of the first taking was admissible to shew the intent on the second takini,' which constituted the charge against the accused, the Judgi' should not have told the jury that they could convict for eith. r the first or the second taking or for both, and the Judge hav- ing certified his opinion that the jury were materially influenced by the evidence of the first taking the conviction on the count for fraiululert removal should be set aside: R. v. Hurst (1901), 5 Can. Cr. Cas. 338, 13 Man. K. 584. The offence of fraudulent removal of a tenant's goods to evade distre-^s for rent under R.S.O. eh. 342, does not extiiid to a removal and surrender of possession taking place after tlic termination of the tenancy by the landlord's notice to quit: Tin' King V. Davitt. 7 Can. Cr. Cas. .')14. Sec. 417 is in effect a bankruptcy law enactment within tlic provisions of the extradition convention with the U.S.A. deallMsr with (fences against bankruptcy law where criminal by tlie laws of both countries: R. v. Stone (No. 2), 17 Can. Cr. Cas. 377; Re Webber, « D.L.R. 803, 19 Can. Cr. Cas. 515. Faliification of Booki or Docaments of Security. 418. Every one is guilty of an indictable offence and iiiililf to ten years' imprisonment who, with intent to defraud liis creditors or any of them, destroys, alters, mutilates or falsi lies any of his books, papers, writings or securities, or makes, or is privy to the making of, any fals<' or fraudulent entry in my book of account or other document : 55-56 Viet. ch. 29, sec. WK ■I I I -I f - ' i I Concealment of Deeds or Encumbrances, or the Falsification of Pedigree by the Vendor or Mortgagor. 419. Ever}' one is guilty of an indictable offence and lial)!.' to a fine, or to two ytars' imprisonment, or to both, who, Ijiihl: a seller or mortgagor of land, or of any chattel, i«al or persimal, or chose in action, or the solicitor or agent of any such sdl. i or mortgagor (and having been served with a written dciiiaiid of 1^1 CRIMINAL TRANSFERS (JF CHATTELS. 187 an abstract of title by or on behalf of the purchaser or mort- gagee b,.fore the con.pletion of the purchase or mortgage) con- ceals any settlement, deed, will or other instrument material to the title, or any encumbrance, from such purchaser or mort- >:agee, or falsifies any pedigree upon which the title depends with intent to defraud and in order to induce such purc-hase^ or mortgagee to accept the title ottered or proy any otiicr .\,i of the I'arliaiiieiit of I'aiiaila. any person may stipulate toi-. allow and exact, on any contract or agreement whatsoever, any rate of interest or discount which is ajireed upon: H.S. eh. iL'T. see. 1. See the Money Lenders Act, K.S.C. 1I»(IG, ch. 122 (post Although the Court will not interfere with any bargain tlmi parties, competent to contract, may make for the payment n' interest still it is the duty of the Court to see that the partie.s tn an airreement for the payment of exorbitant rates of inti ir^;. clearly iniderstood what the bargain was before etlVet will !i given to it: Teeter v. St. John, 10 Or. 8.'). Statutory Bate of Five per Centnm. 3. Exeei)t as to liabilities existing immediately before tli- seventh day of July, one thousand nine hundred, wheneviT aii.\ interest is payable by the agreement of the jtarties or i)y l,r,\ and no rate is fixed by such agreement or by law, the rate »'! interest shall be five per centum per annum: K.S. ch. 127. s. 2: 6:{ and ti4 Vict. ch. 20, sec. 1. Thf IStatiitvry Rati of Interest. The proper con.struction of the word "liabilities"' is liabil ties respectinj.' the rate of interest, and where a mortsrai:e mil in 1884 was jjayable in lltOd, bearing interest at 7 per cent.. In' there was i o provision for the payment of intert»st after matin ity, the damages allowable as interest after maturity are im' within the proviso: Plenderleith v. Parsons, 14 O.L.K. 6i;i. The rate of interest is not restricted to five per centum wli. : the contract was entered into before the i)a88age of the At Mays v. Connolly, .{.') N.M.R. 701. The interest for any period since the passing of the Aet - only recoverable at the rate of five |)er centum, for the wnil "liabilities" in the Act '6:< and 64 Vict. (I)) eh. 20), does n ■: INTEREST STATITES. 18!) refer to the principal debt hut only to the obligation to pay interest as daniajres: Hritish Cana.lian Loan, etc Co v Farmer 15 Jlan. L.K. :,!).{. following Fr,..liolcl Loan v. Barker' S Man. L.R. ]]«; Manitoba & \.W. Loan Co. v. Barker, 8 Man! In construing IJ an.l 4 W.„. IV. ( F.np.) eh. 42. sec. 28, it was liehi. that the written instrument, under which interest is elamied, must shew by its t.-nns that there was a debt certain payable at a certain time. It is not sufficient that the same mav lie made certain by some process of calculation or some act to lie performed in the future: Sinclair v. Pre-ston .{1 (an SCR m. affirming 12 Man. L.R. 228; Mayes v. Connollv. a.! X.'b.r" idl. I'nder ordinary circumstances a mortjrajree can claim in- terest only from the time the money is advanced : PMmon.ls v I amilton Provident, etc., Co.. 18 A.H. lOnt.) 847, varvin- 1!) ^>.H. til I. . r. Interest will not be allowed after the amount due has been t-ndered: Ferguson v. Domville, 1!) X.B.R. oTt; Where the principal and interest an' paid for another in- t.nst may Ik. recovered on the whole payment: Municipal "•■ncil of County of Wellington v. Township of Wilmot, 17 Where the borrowing of the principal sum is establi.shed the stipulate.! interest on a promissory note as collateral .security th-ntor is rwoverable notwithstanding that owing to the form "t the note the action may not be maintainable thereon • Secor V. (.ray, .'J O.L.R. 34. A parol agreement to increase the rate of interest n-served I'.y a mortgage will not l)e enforced as agaiast the subject matter "t the mortgage: Murchie v. Theriault. 1 X.B. Eq. .kSS- Collins V Katon, (Alta.) 19 W.L.R. 608. • " ••> Where a note does not hear any interest on its face, evidence -I M prior agreement as to interest payable thereon is ina.lmis.s- ■- : lombroski V. Laliberte. 27 Que. S.C. .-,7. Interest on a ■ •iminri note runs from the dat.. thereof: Bank of Ottawa v -M.l..an. 2b Que. S.C. 27. >"(ler the Judicature Act (R.S.O. 1897, eh .M see lin ""■'■'•St may Ik- allowed for such time an.l at such rat.' as the ;"nt may d.-.-ni right in al! cas.'s wher.' the pavment of a just ' ••'» lias been improperly withheld, and comp.'nsjition therefor ,ih; i 'i f 1 m i h m u « ?! ! if I If ! li s ■'» 191) BILI^ or SALE AND CIIATTEI, M()RT(!A(!ES. A clHuse providing a rat.' of interest on balance due applii's only to instalments from time to time due and unpaid, and not to the principal sum: D'llart v. McDermaid, 44 N.S.K. 54ti. The principal sum beeomingr ilue for the non-compliance of any provisoes in a mortjrHge is not an "instalment in arrear" to entitle the mortgagee to the stipulated interest as upon an instalment : Higps v. Freehold Loan. M Can. S.C.R. 1.16, rev.rs ing 26 A.K. (Ont.) 2:\-2. But where the stipulated interest covers the entire sum and was to Ik' current for a perio- mortgage carried to the time fixed for the payment of the priii cipal only, the mortgagee, after that date, can recover no moi. than the statutory rate on tiie unpaid principal in the abs.iir of a contract to pay interest pout diem-. Peoples Loan, et-.. ( n V. (Jrant. 18 Can. S.C.R. 262. atfirming 17 A.R. (Ont.) 85. An improvident sale by a mortgagee of the mortg;iu'( i chattels entitles tbe mortgagor, apart from an accounting !or the full value of the prope- *o interest on such amount at i legal rate: (irimes v. (Jaut 1 S.L.R. rA, 58; p]Iv v H,i,l 11807] 76 L.T.R 19. . ■ ■ If the document on a printed form provides for the p.iv- ment of interest although the space for filling in the rate li.i^ been left blank, the absolute proini.se to pay interest as gatii. i. ! from tlie entire document may l>e given effect to by allouitiu' the legal rate of five per cent, but it seems that if the spacf i',.r tlie rate per cent, is filled in with a dash or a dotted line, su h will be taken as an indication that no interest was to be eliaij i before the due date: Cro-ss v. Douglas (1909). :i S.L.R. 97. 11 Coupland v. Paris Plow Co.. 14 W.L.R. 689 (Sask ) varvin - ' : W.L.R. 6S2. ' . - Iiittrenl hji Banks. In Mellugh V. I'liion Mank. 10 D.L.R. .')62. |191.'?] A.( . -' " it was held by the .ludieial Committee, that where a LiiiV- cu.stomer for about six yi-nrs ran accounts with his bank. ' ;. which he was ehargeil interest in exce.s.s of that permitted hy ., Bank Act (Can.) and where these accounts were th.ii .i~ :•• « INTKKEST STATI'TES. ini taine'>■ But wh \ lit'. ■ si ril :lf' j. '•'i. i it ere various payments had b.> I 1. i i f 4 J ; I 1)>2 llll.l„s OK SM.K AM) CIIATTKI, MOHT(i A(iKS. mndo upon a note hh.miM.- with int.T.'Mt, not always Hunificnt to fovfi- the intt'rc«t tliic at oach tiiiic of pa.vmi'nl. the uxual nio.lf of adilinK the int.T.'Ht to th.- principal. .l."- Imlancc of th. principal, remaining due at each pavnient: Manium v Turn bull. 1,1 r.C.y.M. 277. Stat lit, iri/ l.iniiliilidH fur tin h'l rnrdji of littmst. The limitation of the recovery of arreaw of interest i SIX years which i^ made under the statute applicable to r.al estate has no application where the mortgat'ed property in personal estate; Mellersh v. Hrown. 4.') Ch.l). 225; unlesa it iv included in the s;ime inortjraKe with realty so as to form on. security: Charter v. Watson. |1H!»!)| 1 Ch. 17.-.. See also L.m don & Midland Hank y. Mitchell, |18!»!»| 2 Ch. Ifil; .see 1(1 K,i ,^ VII. ch. .14. sec. IH: K.S.O. 18!)7. ch. l.iJ. sec. 17. Rate of Interest on Contmcts not Mortgages on Seal Estate. 4. Except as to inortpiges on real estate, wheiieyor ;iiiy n, terest is. hy the terms of any written or printed contract. :ii: i whether under seal or not. ma.le payal.l.. at a rate or percent. il- per day. week, month, or at any rate or percentage for u perioertv A ehattel n.ortKaK,. provided for th-,- pay...e.,t of +r>.-, „ri... '■m\ inoney ,n eons,rutiv,. .i.ontl.ly instalments of .+,-, eaeh a.id or payment o $5 more with eaeh i„.stal...e..t for iuten-st a.id -Id not state he yearly ...te to wliieh this was .ival,...,. |„„ i.n. was a clause ,„ th,- ,..ortj:a^'e waiving i., ..v,,,i,i, ,.,,,„, Il" "m^s.ty tor statn.K the yearly rate and w.ivim. also the l-neht ot the Interest Act. IH'JT. I, was held, tha, Uusl^ ii!>;- was ,.ntitl..d to int.-rest only at the le^al rate- Dunn v aw";';;«:;k'^''- '''• '" ''"'■ '"'-• """' ^"" '''■ ^'-■>- '-''•<■- 5. If any sum is paid on accmint of any int...est not eh-...- i'''!". Pii.vahle or r.-coverahle under the last prvcli,,., .s.cli.H. Mich snm m«y |,, r.-covr...! hack or deducted tVom a..v p,-i„ '•'I'^d or inten-st payable under such contract. fiO-i;] Viet .-h h.>...ents inade un.ier a ...istake of law on aeeo.int of in- ^ -t ,„ a ...ort>:aKe m-cru.n^r after n.aturity of the pr-incipal '""• .'t the rate payable befon- n.atnritv ami in evess , V 1 e' --'Mt L^ally collectable , th.-n. bein. no a^, v. ^^ , t^ , ' ;." -St ...ter maturity) cannot, in the ..bsence o ,. .i'o ,1 Mu^uny MatMip between the parties, be re.-ov r" -t^,: K.rr V. olquhoun, 2 O.W.X. .Vil. 1H O.W.b'. 174- .S X V 1 iVi Ivu ' ^-^J'-'^'-'t'' V. Parsons, 14 O.L.R. ,il!,. ,, „ w !{>;;-, 1" "U.K. :W,. fir,8, 680, considered. ' '■!-BiM.S riK SALE. I i I t i 'I ! \i . '"• i, 'i , ill I ■ .1*1 ! . ' I i i it m 'Ik^* ALBERTA. .\I.HK[{TA MILLS OF SALK ACT. (Okiunancks. Ar.TA., 1!»11, cii. 4:t.^ An ObPIN-VNC'E RKSI'tUTINtl .MllRTCAOES AND Sai-ks oK ri:KSii\u. Property. 3 tl Note. — N'otwitlistamliiig anything contained in fiie Hills •■■ Salr Ordiuanvf or in tiie Ordinamv nsptiling Hire h'tni/it^ and ('omUtional Salts of (Itrnds, and aincndnionts tlu'reto. ;iii.v hill of sale, chattel mortgage. i>onditional sale, lease or oiiur agreement of or riwpeetinjj rolling stock and equipment fof ils- on railways may he registered in the oftiee of the registnir u: joint stock companies for the province, on payment of a U-<- ■<: *^ve dollars hy filing in sueii office a copy thereof, certitiod \>\ a notary puhlic and by the secretary of the railway coiiipiin\. ;ir stock or eiiuipment in connection with which is affected tin i. v. to be a true copy, and no otiier registration or filing sIkiII '.■ neet>s8ary, and upon being .so filed the same shall be valiii n: 1 elTectual as if filed or registered in accordance with the p: \\- .sions of the said Act.s and amendments respectively, mii ; renewal thereof siiall be re(|uired, and any discharge or pi:; discharge of any such bill of .sale, chattel mortgage, coinl!;. : , sale or other agreement may be registered in the said ortiir m • ■ same manner aiul on payment of a like fee. Alta. Si.it . 1 ■ ". ch. 4, sec. 3, am. The I.itrTENANT-(i()VEH.\(iK. by and witli the advic- ..i .; •:. sent of the Legislative Asx-iubly of the Territories, . i:. • - follows : — I «.i ALBKUTA BIM.s ,ik sai.k .vj-t. l!t-, Short Title. !■ This OrdiiiHiic*' iiniv he ..if,.,i i i Om/i'/i. «"lt.n>r th.. notes to the p..rtielr s^^i*^"*^',:;'''; ■*•'*• I" ^'on- -mendments enaete.l bv the ,^l„"c^ v ^^' "'"''"' "^ «">• '"«'«•..« of the \orth.W;.Ht Terl ' P'-«vuk...s. Th.- Or, - Al..rt« Aot and the S^I ,^'17''"'"^^ '" '''"^' '>■ »"<> ""•«.■ provinces, have no S rent Ir '""^'"'''''^y '" each of ;• ';■">• -- Acts of the :;£,:,v'r "f "«'-. •■'^-t th«n '"'■b-- ./on,^ V. Twohev 1 A r R .67 '"" '"'"""'' '■'"^»'^'''- ""ion of these provisions En .".r "';""' '"^"'•P'-- P'oviiice. file CouHs nf tl. I ' ''>' " ^ ""rt of that ;^.i^ion nniess::;? ^1 t^^r.^^ ^"""'"' ^°""^^ '" Hiird V. Serrell. :i A.L.R 1,W ^ *'"" " contrary vieu": ">'"■■ '^"''>> of Stock of Ooo^h. ilegistration Listricti. '""■'"■:,"'"'" ■.■««„,„„„ !ii/rt";V" ' '"™ ""■ '■"'■ ' ""' registration distriet of '-M^ ■ .. "■"•' '"■""■ «'.-"visional Dis t V r'"'" '■""""•'•^'"*^ "'■'' •"■ ^•■'•- ■^•'>- ^^^2. »:",/;""" '•''■'^^'•' "" '•"■ ••'•^"■•■•' 'i«.v "■^' '-'■ •"" -«nd n. ri ,n "'?'""' '•""^'- "•" "'""■^•■ips '-'''->--ofLrve;i.::^;r?T ''''■'■ '^^^^^^ ^ '" fh,. u,..stH,< l,oun,i„r.v of the ll 196 BILIJS OK 8.\IJ: and CIIATTKI. MOHT«lAll»>. Provinof of Manituhn, thence westerly following the said line lietween towniihipH fwenfv luul twenty one to itn intenieetiiin with the line lu'tweeii ninifes seven and eijfht went of th«' secoinl meridian, thenee northerly aloni? the line lietween riintreH seven and eijfht to its interseetion with the line In-tween townsliips twenty-two and twenty-three, thence westerly alonu the liiir 1m tween the said townahips twenty-two and twentylhree to its interwH-tion with the line U'tweeii ran^eH ten and eleven west ni' the second meridian in the I)«>ininion Landx system of survey; 2. The registiation district of "Yorkton." comprisinir 'liit part of the witd Provisional District of .\s.sinl)oia. east\v:ifil ,,{ the eleventh ranjfe of townships west of the second iiicfiili.ni and north of the north houndary of the registration distrut of >ro(vsomin ; .'{. The rejfistration district of ■'Kctjina," comprisinir iliit jiart of the said Provisional District of Assinihoia west of th' rejristration district of Moosomin and east of the west line ni' ihr twenty-third ran^c of townsliips west of the second mei-iilijii ; 4. The rejristration district of ".Moos*- .law," emuprisinj.' thit part of the Provisional District of Assinihoia west of the n v'i>- tration district of HcKina ami east of the west line of tlie tuvnty third ran^e of townships west of the third mcrit smith of towii»lii|> ■ teen ; 7. The registration district of "('aljf:iry." eoiiiprisini.' i- part of the said Provisional District of AllM-rta lyinir '■ townships .sixteen and forty-three; 8. The registration district of "Kdmonton," coinpjisiiL' iiH that portion of the .said Provisional District of AUm :lii !>:ii!-' north of township forty-two; !':;|i •iii' li:iT i ALBERTA Bll.lJ* or MAI.K .\< T. ].,- !». Tlu. r^Ki-trHtion ,liHtri,..f of ••M»tll..fonl.' ..on.priHi,.^ „ll that port.0,. of the IT-vbional I)«,ri..t of Sn.knMu-L an .1.. tuM ,,v ..... K..Hi Or.,.., of ,1... iVivy Cnnu-U 1, i„, „.., of „... fifth r..nge of .o«imhi,,H w.-st of .he .hir.l ..uTi.lian ■ 10 Th.. r..^iH.ra.i,.„ diMrk-. ..f ■•,Ti„.... AH...r..- .......prisin, II thH. ,K,r..„n of ,h.. H„i,| iVoviHioHHl „i,tn.., ,„. s...,k«. h..wa,' ly."K .-H-t of ih.. liH.,h.f„nl r,.Km,rH.ion .liH.ri.... ((2) Th.. I-i..u...n,.n...Wr....r in V.uun\ shall hav.. ,„.„,„■ to Hl.er .he lK.un, an... of „„y re^is.ra.i,,,. .lis.ri., ...nv or her.- «t er ...s.ahl.h..l hy a.hlin^ .her.-,., or „.kin« ,h..refron.; an.l ,o .•> ahhsh new . ..ne..s an.l .,. a,,.,.., r..,is.ra,i ,.,ks .h.-refor " H, shall hol.l ,„«.... .,,.wn, p,..a,sure; an.l .|..,si«na.e a. w plH-ithe..ffi,....sofHnehelerk |, |,..k.,.,.| (,,,.), 4 see i| Registration Clerki. ,n..N.r"i '"f "*'"" ""'■''* '"■ ""■ '"'''"'' •■'■•^''"'•"""" ''i- «r herehy eon.„.„e.l in ..Hiee an.l shall sevrally lu.M offi... I- n. P e,s,., ,„a ,„,.r ..m..es .shall .... kept «, plaees .„ W .le,s.,M.a....l hy .he Lieu.enan.-(;ov..rnor in Cu.neil U'' In the even. ..f any va..aney ....eurrinK in the olH..e of re...s.ra.,o„ elerk .>y re,u.„ of .].•».... resigna.ion or o.heru i . ~.- ..II ,.e «,le., .,M.n. Li..„...nan...^.v^^^^^^^ >- ■' '. en. 4.1, sec. H. Se«- not.- .0 .s,r. '.i of Saska.e.iewau Aet. Office Houn. 4. T,,. rejris.ra.ion elerks n„.l..r .his Or.linanee shall .eep r n.sp..,ve offices open ...ween .he hours of .en in .he f,;:i: < four .n .he af.ernoon on all days exeep.in, S„„,lavs 1 hi h ii'l t l.M.K AVn ( II \"Ti;i. MiiHTlIXdKS, Regiitntion Oflccr not to Prepare OooumeBt. 6. No n >fi»tr«timi cU-rk Nhnil iIkiw or |in'(>Hrt' hiiv (Ick-ii nt or coiiv.'yan.T uliit-h iimv l». HImI or rctfiMcrrd in ]m ..rtic,. iiiitl.r llic provisioiiHol' til' . or liny othi-r OriliiiHiici'. CO. di. 4:t, «.,■ :, XortgtKe* ot Chattels; Form and Be^ittration. 6. Kvtry im'TIkiikc or 'In iin.l cliiiUfls wlii.li In not ii('<-oiii|iiiiiii'i| \r>ili. r with tht! ufTiduvit of h witne«»i thereto of the due exeeiihoii ..i KUch iiiortUHKe or eonveyance and uIho with the artidavil of ih, iriorttfaKt r one of sfvi-ral niorfKagees or the agent of tlie iik.ii pigee or inortgage...H if sneh agent is aware of all tlie cinMini stances conneeted therewitli and is properly authorized hy poH, i in writing to take such mortgage in which ch«*' a copy of sn, ii authority shall Ih- attach.nl thereto (save hs hereinafter provui ,| under .station 21 hereof) sueii last mentioned atlidavit stiilin.. that the mortgagor therein named is justly and truly ind,l.t,.i to the mortgagee in the sum mentioned in the mo^tga^,'e, tli.it i! was executed in gooiirt W h.T.. th,. mnrtgnuv,. h,., „,,.., tak.,, ,.,»m.. Ji„„ .u' , .......1 ..hHt,..k hut «,t..nv„r.U r..t .7 ::,'■' '""T .^....r to IH. h..l.l hv hi,M ,.H ,.K.-nt.for ••.■ ,. IL ,,• ;,,,:;:'"'- • v'lwiiUfiiiK th.-m .tn.l to inv.^Nt il r,-. ',!"** " ■""'">.' or "'"■•", 7- ""-r -/;;;/:;;;;":;-:;';;;•';•;•• < \nutioi. cmlitors «r th.- inortiri.L'or t,, ,. ,. . ' '"' 'li. ori..,n«l ,.hatt..|H for w ,T t • •";'•''"■'• •■^'""t th,.u I..'r.-r..v. 3 Terr. L.R. 26.1 s'.l«t,tui. ,| M..|| ,, An H.lmiHsiou th«f H ..hHtt.l M,«rtvr..v „as • r,.^ist,.r.. f •' '•••rtH.n .iHt.. .. «n ...ImiHHion hoth of tl ..-ut' u ,. "" '-t'"". ns un.h.r thin H..,,io„ ,.n.l .... I., „•..', '' T'"" |s ....,......,.,■ for th,. r..«iHtn.,ion of ,h,. , ,1, , ''""'"" K.ws V. IVf.rxon. (N.W.T.) 1 W./, |{ :(;(s th......nn.h.r: As to th.. .liKtim-tion h,.t«,...n ■•r,^^ist..ri,,ir • ,„ i ...•, •• -.•no,., torn.. « Hritish Columbia A..t *" "' '""'~ 111,. ,.xi)r,.8i«ioii.s "iiL'iiiiiHt /A/ ■' , "■■• -.ainor- „r.. su^iri^M . ,.n ~' :;? h""""'^ "^ i"'Mt .)f ,. ,h,.r in th.. -.ftl.in,.;. .• i" """•*'"""'*• »"'l th.. ..niplov- •- .Von. th.. ItulLr "^l • 'k:Z:"u ""^ " """ ^''^"'■ ^ 'lo-s not Htr,.c.t th. Th T ,r ' ' "" '"^'•'"^'' '"' '"'"■' ""»'■<> n.s..rve.l hv . ' ""^'•»^'">f''' »<• .'x.'reis,. th,. •'■>nins ; 1^;:; •;„ * --^'f • - ---t th, „„,.,. '■'""'••Is H,nnot vali.llv er .1 ,t, t ,' , '" " '"""-"^' '' i:;..;;.ot.,.,. to th,. n.^-;;:-:;;;.:-- -;^ St OK of ■I IS not thiTchv ...s- '■l'l"''l from assprtini? that th.. „n '" ""^ ""'''''''^ •'■'^- -; -'''•wrt^i^:^^;;i,;^;;/'7-;^H.i.,. -->'■■■'■-' to „.o..a,es •■»..,; ^nrritSJ-r.;: ■ J r [ In Ml ii I = '.-'■r t m M 2W) BILLS or SALE AND CHATTEL MORTUAUES. i • i ' t S „ I r :! held that it did not apply to a foreign mortgasre, and \\hor<' goods were mortfragod while situate in Minnesota, in the form and under the conditions required hy the laws of that Stati'. and were suhsequently removed to the North-West Territories and sold there to a bnn/i fidr purchaser for value without notice, the foreign mortgagee was held entitled as against the piir chaser, there being no evidence that the mortgagee slept upon his rights for an unreasonable time after knowledge of the re- moval, and no consequent presumption of laches arising: Boiiiii V. RoWrtson (1803). 1 \.\V T.R. part 4. p. 89. 2 Terr. L.R. L'l ; followed in Saw.ver & Massey v. Ro.vce. 1 S.L.R. 236; referred to in riive v. Russel, 2 A. L.R. 70; relied on in Jones v. Twohev, 1 A.L.R. 269. It is submitted that the amendment has not changed the law in this respect, and has had the elTect merely of ineludiii'.' instruments relating to chattels in the Territories, but wtiieh are executed and delivereil elsewhere. The laws in force wtier. property is situate, and where the cont! ♦irig parties reside. must govern as to the passing of the ( >erty. Wlien the chattels are in a foreifrn counfrv the law of that country gov ems, and title passes to the foreign mortgagee. At tL time the goods are removed therefrom the time has in all probability passed during which registration could be etTected in the eoiiii trj" to which removal takes place: Cammell v. Sewell. "> II \ N. 728; Honin v. RolM-rtson {siiprn) ; River Stave Co. v. Sil!. 12 O.R. ');•."; Marthinson v. Patterson, 19 A.R. fOnt.) 1S>*: see note to sec. 29. Hy sec. 22 it is declared that the expressions "mort!,':!!:''.- " "bargainee" or "a.ssijrnee*" in .se<-tions 6. 8. 9. and 17 sluill in elude the agent or manager of the latter, if either of them ii.' an "incorporated company." An express power given to a mortgagor in possession of !he mortgaged chattels to sell those chattels does not per si i;iis.' any presumption of fraud where it do>'s not exceeK> .lecared ... a creditors' action to have been taken with intent to defeat hinder or delay the husband s creditors, if it appears that all the w.fe ,iid with the n.ort.^age when «he got i li RL.R !S "'" ' "''"'' '""• "■ ^^i-''"""-- ( Albe,ta) To constitute a chattel n,ortira-e a preference it must be "the .spont«,.eo.,s act or d.^d" of the in.solvent, a.ni must have been given of his own re .Motive and as a favour or bou..tv „r«- c.M.d.ng volu..tanly fro.n hiiu.self:" Molsons Ha.ik v. IIalt"er l.S ( iin. M .K 88, ami Stephens v. McArthur. 1!) Can. S.C K 44(i n'nt /w'"\'- ""^'-•f''"-'*- -^ T'"--' l^ii- 2().i. follow.'-d i„' Ontario & West Lu.nb,-r Co. v. Cote. :{ Terr L K 4-,7 Where there is lacking a k.iowledg,- of in.solvencv an.l in- the part ot e.ther the .nortga-or or th,- ...ort-a!;ee. the ino.-t- J-'.-.ge not being attacked within si.xty days from the date of its .■x.-eution. IS not invalid under the Assifr.,ment.s Act Where ■. <..ortgagee is a director an.l one of the shareholders of a com- imny mortgagor. coi,curr..nce of intention will be ,,resUM.e,l IJarlhels v. Winnipeg Cigar Co., i> A. L.R i>l On the nnich-disputed .,uestion wh.-ther i. chattel mort-a-e fraudulent as to a portio.i of th.- projK-rty may be upheld as li -N.W. 649, l.{ L.K.A. (N.S.) ••21. that a chattel morl-ace ot stoc-k-in-trade an.l other property. .,ot characterised bv^.e- ual rau,l as to creditors of a n.ortgagor. may be const ructivelv trau.lulent as to them respiting the stoc-k. a.id valid as to the "th.r property: see 44 C.L.J. 592. Statutory Form. 7. Kxcept as to ea.ses pn.vi.led i.. the .....xt following section "! tins Ordinance a mortgage or conveyance intc.ded to operate as a mortgage of go«ls and ehattcLs may be .Ie in accordance with I-onn A in the schedule to this O.-dinance. CO. eh. 4.}. s,.e, t!lat„tw;i Form of ChntUI Mortqiu,,. ^'.l.Hl. Form A. ,„ the place .ntend.ni for the wit.ie.ss's signature .1 if 1 j-i| I.. i i , i Ml I I ( I j 1.4. 202 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAflES. ;j t'i has thf words: ••Add nanu, address and occupation of witness." It has been held that the omission to state the address and oc- cupation of the witness after his signature; or the omission of the deponent's name and occupation in the body of the affi davit of execution, signed by him; or the omission to state in the jurat a more definite place than "the Xorth-West Terri- tories," does not render the registration of the instrument iii- vahd. and that such particulars may be amended: Commereial Bank v. Fehreiibach, 4 Terr. L.K. 335, distinguishing Arelii- bald V. Ifubley, 18 Can. S.C.R. 116, and Parson v. Brand -'5 Q.B.D. no, as the Imperial Bills of Sale Act (1878) expreksly declared void a bill of sale given by way of xceurity unle.s.s botli the address and the description of the attesting witness appi-jir in the attestation clause, and the defect is not cured under the English Act by the fact that such address and description ap pear in the affidavit filed on registering the bill of sale. The cases of K.\ parte Johnson; K<' Chapman, 32 W.K. 693, 20 Ch I) 338: Cheney v. Courtois. 13 C.B.N.S. 643; Moyer v. Davidson 7 r.C.C.I'. 521 ; De Forest v. liunnell, 15 U.C.Q.B. 370, w.ie speeially n-ferrer! to; see also Bird v. Davev, |]891] 1 QH '»'• Sims V. Trollope, |18!)4] 1 y.B. 24. -'Both of these case"' said Wetmore. J., in distinguishing Archibald v. Ilubley and Parsons v. Brand, "were dwided upon statutes that made it imperative to substantially follow the forms prescribed, and th.' preseribed forms had not been followed:" Commercial Bank \ F('hrenl)ach. 4 Terr. LM. 335. i I S I i it I f ; II III For Future Advancei or Indemnity. 8. In case of an agreem.-nt in writing for futuic advan. for the purpose of enabling the borrower to enter into and . promissory notes or any other lial)ility by him incurriHl t'..r ih mortgagor not extending for a longer period than twoyear.s fm the ■ nn.l truly statesT xt, t If^, T, "'"""'" *'"' P'""''"^ '"-•to "> -h a.reeme^^'T :::l^: ': ^'2'r •"" " ^" ^•^-^"■•> -r..age is e.eeuted in good fa u. f^" '■""' '""^ "'"" "•• -uring the n.ortgagefrla Im ,. " ," ""'"^^ ""••'"^^'-' "- -so may be, and not for the p r ^ V '""'f"'"'' " "'"i chattels mentione.1 therein ■. J s , """^ '^"' ^""'''* P..or nor to prevent m,eh ^r r "■"''*°'^ °^" *•"« '""'•t- ^" ><"•. G of the Ontario Act. t ; ii' ;':' m\ -11 ^.11 vi ^ I I I f 4 J I IV ; f 2(»4 BIU.S (»F SAI.K AND t'lIATTKI. MOHTliAliKS. Salei without Chan^ of Poueuion. 9. Kvory sal*', assigiuiu'iit and transfer of gimh anci ehaltils not aoconipaniod by an ininieiiiato di'livi-ry and followed hy ;iii actual and eontinnwl chanKc of possession of the ko<> liomi pil, and for go.ii.| conveyance and ni>t for the purpose of hoKling or enablins; th. bargHinee to hold goods mentioned therein against the en ilii,.rs of the bargainor; and such conveyance and affidavits sliiill !., registered as hereinafter provided within thirty days from ii,. execution thereof otherwise the sale shall be absolutely vol. I ,:> against the creditors of the l)argainor and as against sul>.s,.(|ii. ■ • piucliascr or mortgagees in goud faith. (".(). ch. 4:{. sec. !t. Bills of Sal,. See sec. 22 ipost) iM to the inclusion of the ajreiit or inu, ager of an incorporated company for the purposes of th. ;i!ii davit of liitiiil fiths. See note to Sask. Act, sec. 11. and see section ^ ol th Ontario Act. In Ilopkin v. tJudgcon. |1!J06| 1 K.H. 61tO, th.-re was au iii teri)lcader issue. T. W. Gudgeon, the execution debtor, u i> n l!Mi:{ the owner of certain chattels the subject of the issu. . .ii i in that year sold them bond fid, to a company Iiy an agn, m. n: which was not registered. In 1!>()4. the company hoiu'i fiih ^■■U them to the claimant also by an agreement which was ii..; r. gistercd. Ciudgcon always continutHl in possession of tli" rii;it tela, and there was never any actual or continuiHl cliaiis:'' «\ i "i- session, ami while thus in his possession they were sei/iil liji!. r an execution against T. \V. (hidgeou under a judgm.nr n- covered in 1!W."», ami they were claimed by the swoml \..i.i- The County Court dudge who tried the issue disallow, i •!> AI.BKRTA BII.I.S OK S.M.K ACT. 2».'> .laiiii of th.- clHinuiiit on tlu- Krouii.i of iioM-n-jfistnttion of the tr«mf.-r to h.-r .uul tlu- want of «ny ,hmij,v of ,,««,..s8ion ; mi„I th.' Divisional Court affirin.Ml his .l.-eision : see 42 C.L.J. 502 Bulk Sales. Any KHlo or tn...sf,.r of a Ht«k of -oo.Is. wHr,.s or iiu'r- cliaiKlise out of th.- usual cours.- of I.UNin.-ss or tra.i.- of th.- ven -lor or wlu.n..vi.r substautially th.- ..nfir,. stock-in-tn.,!,. of the vrn.lor shall !).■ sol.l or .•onv..y..,l. or u h,.|i,.v,.r an inf-n-st in the hm„u-m or tra.I.- of th,. vvn.lor is sohl or convov,.,] such sale transter or (•onvevamv is a -sal,, in hulk" within th,- uunnnug ot th,. Hulk Nih-s Aft ol AllH.rta." 4 (i,.o. V. < Alta. 1<»1.{) ^-U ll>. and is subjwt also to its provisions. Asxignnunfx for Cnilitorit. The Alberta Assignnients Act. 11)07. ,li. »i. st.es 11 r> e.\- .•'•pts from th.. operation of the Mills of Sale Or.linanee assi^n- m,.nts lor th.. ^'eu,.ral benefit of er..,litors, an,! prescribes a .s,p- arate mode of |)ro<.,.dur,. whieh ^'overns transtVrs of that char- acter. The sections r,.ad a.s follows:— 11. Xo assignment for the general benefit of creditors un.ler tins Act .shall be within the operation of th,- liills of Sal,- {)r,l- manc,., but a notice of th." assijrnment shall as soon as con- y.nicntly possible be publLsh.-.l at I.'ast once in Th, AUurta (•(izdti ami not less than twice in at least one newspaper having a fteiieral circulation in the ju.lieial district in whicii the pro- perty assumed is situate: 1!»07, eh. 6, s.-c. 11. 12. A duplicate original copy of every such assiirnment shall "iM) within t.-n days from the e.\..cution th.-reof b,. regist.-ivd ' together with an affidavit of a witiu.ss then-to of the .hi," exe- '•■ition of such ,luplicat,. original or of th,- assignment of which t le copy filed purports to 1... a copy) in the office of the clerk of 'li-' iv-i.stration district for luortjraK'es and other transfer of l"i>*..Mal i.roperty, where the assi-nor if a r...si,l,.nt in Alberta '•'■si,i,.s at the time of the ,'xecution thereof, or if he is not a re- ^ ■i-Mt then in the office of th." clerk of th,- said registration dis- in.t wh,.re the personal property so assigne.l is or where the I'nncipal part theivof (in ease the assignm.-n inclu.les pro- I'-'tv 111 more ri.gistration .listrict.s than ...le) is at the time -' the e.x,.cution of such assignment; and such clerks shall file ''II siicii instruments presente.l to them respectively for that l""l'os,.. an.l shall indorse ther,.on the time of n-Jeivin- th,. 1 m •AU I ■i! I - ' I ! . ! 206 BILUS OF SAI.K AND CIIATTKI. M()RT(!A(lK*i «mne m tho.r respeef.v.. offic-n and the Han.o shall he kept thor.. for the >nspeet,on of all pen,ona i„tere«te,l therein The 1 clerks respcH-fvely .hall nunilK-r and enter «ueh a^r^nmelT, .e ent.tle<| to the same fees for aerviee, in the ZTZZr' Where Regiitntion Effective. 10. S„eh registration shall only have effeet in the reiristr .on d.8triet wherein sneh registration has U^n n,a. eh. 4.1. sec. 11. Aiciiraiif in .Stating Coiisidi ration. »n.^!nl'"l "* '"'!'• ?'" '■•'''"•'"«'"' '■onsi.leration of whieh w.s Vn^ PHyn.ent. hut of whieh the real consideration u,. •oi „. I ''T ''"""""/ ""•' P"''>' " P""* in,lebtedn..ss. Noul nnd.r this seetiou: Hennenfest v. Malchose. 7 Terr. Mi The consideration for a chattel mortgage, whi.-h u.s - ^,, to 8..eure payn.ent of two notes for $;n.(«M. „n,| .noOd r.."s„ , ively, and an overdraft of ^:m, ^hieh notes were given t'- '""*' '>"i,..,t..d„e«s. and whieh. at the ti the mort.Mg.. u ,. ot .+.{., 'J.j pa„l l,y the mortgagee to th," mortgagor at or 1. ,,. the sealing and d.-livery of these pr.^enta/' wa.s held t , s.'t forth the consideration for whieh it was given W ^ , Dominion Hank, 2 A. L.K. I'O.-,, \yhere a chattel mortgage has been taken to an adv.x^^nt. t,. ^ ure h.s client -s imlehte.lne.ss to him for professional .servi,.. ■ . hooks and paj.cN of the advwate are not privileged fn,,,. , , AIJIERTA Bir,l,S OF SALE ACT. .,,,- A contemporaneous uurecnient un.l.T seal hv whi,.h ti. gHKor agree the vendor niiffht take pONNeHaion. it will he inferred that ih. > are in the aefual posHeaaion of the eondilional |>un'haaer. iHi.l the deaeription will he sultieient. Thiia it will he aeen that w.tr.U of deaeription whieh would not he sullieient in a hill of y.ale ..r ehattel niortjfa>?i' niav Im- suttieient in a lien note or eojitraet ,><: eomlitional sale. U-eauae in the former elaaa of transaetions tin ehattela ordinarily remain in the poaaeaaioii of the person ^Im had them and in the aame place where they were hefore tli' instrument was exeeuted. whereaa in the latter elaaa theiv !i.ix lieen a "ehanire of poaaeaaion from the vendor to the vendee .jnl usually a eornspondiuK ehanjre of locality, hoth of whieh i ir euniataiuv.s furnish ready mi ana of identifying and ilistinL'iisii iuK them from all othera of the same kind:" Weatern .Milliii.' Co. V. Darke (18II4), 2 .N.W.T.K., part 1. j). :t4, 2 Terr. I. i; 40; diaeuaaeil in Koaa v. Wright, .i Terr. L.K. :t(i7, ;{7(1; n li. i on in Kiii)f v. Kennan, :{ Terr. L.H. 2.">((. A description need not he aueh that with the de.d in lim !. without other enquiry, the properly could he identitieil. an. I i' is sufficient if the suh.ject-niattcr is pointed out hy the in^tr!i- nient ".so that a third person hy ita aid, together with tli. .i i of such enquiries as the inatrument itaelf suj^gcsts. may idriii '. the property coven-d:" fx r Stronjr, J., in Mcfall v. Wolii. 1 : Can. S.C.K. l.{0; adhered to in Ilovey v. Whitinjf. U ( ii S.C.K. o20; considered in Western Milling Co. v. Dark.'. J T • L.K. 48; relied on in (^uirk v. Thomson. 1 Terr. L.li. IM", 1' distinguished in Thomson v. (juirk. 18 Can. S.C.K. (>!••'•: ('..!,:•. V. Ilickok. 1.") A.K. lOnt.) .")18: Fraser v. MacPhersou. ♦ \ U.K. 42ti; ri'ferred to in Accountant v. Marcon. :{<• <> i; I " Hanks v. Kohinson. 1-") O.H. (118; (Jravclev v. Sprinpr. : T r L.R. 122. A chattel mortsra".'!' contained the following dcseriiit > , •■: niortpaired pr()|)erty : "One hay gelding. 6 years ol0 lbs., one hay •iclililig. 8 years old, weiirlil • • .! 14.'>tt ll)s., now in the pos.seasion of the mortsragor. " It u,i- ; I f i 1 AI-BERTA BIMJ^ uF .SAI.K ACT. jj()9 following Corncill V. A hfll ;n ricv lo- .1 V. Hunker Me«a„,ile Co.. (YT) 7 wl R 80 "'" "" '*'""'*'* on tho left .r «^ I „i, : r *"":."'"' r °^ « •"•""'«-' '•""•>. ».r.. at the ti„„. ,„ort^." *•'" ''^"'">' "'»''•«' the t-attle V. Springer, 3 W IT V """ " """"'"••^^ "^"^"'^^ fls^^d effete „ri.hr' "'"TT- "'"' "" «'^>''^- <•''"»■ 'I0.H not incTmk hJ.. . *r ""!' "•"•■" °^ ^•''' '"ortp..ors,- rf "^ "^^"«'" "-lin T..:;tH"S?^*-' "^ "" 'l'<- north half of section 1 vML l *'"' '"orttfaKoi-s - ^n,y for Another has tho^ff T'- sulmt.tut.on of one .-hattel -urity: Ibid """^^ "^ .'aneelling th. substitut-d '■;-''"•■ l-oportiirTnTJe ituritrtr '" '" "'"""'" "^^'^^■ ,_ "^ '" ^''*^ ^^^'k Im attached then-to and all I., Ml 210 BILLS or SALE AND CHATTEL M()RTU.\0K8. I ii t If 4 of which •tock, chattel*, and effecU now aituate and bein« in the two Btorey building aituated on loU 1 and 2 in block 2!t:t. city of Regina," without any atock liat being filed, in voii againat rrediton, under thia aection aa not containing a fuil and sufficient description: Svaigher v. Rotaru. 3 W.L.R. 4S(i. A* to what constitutea a sufficient description, sec ,.|i. | ■ of the text, and note to sec. 14, Sask. Act. Future Acquired Property. At law non-exiating property to be acquired at a future X\w<- ia not aasignable. In equity there may be a valid awigmih nt of property not in em, or property to '• aubaequently ao quired, even where the acquiaition dependa upon possibiliti.^ Holroyd v. Marshall, 10 H.L. Cas. 191. Thia principle was fol- lowed in Springer v. Oraveley, 34 C.L.J. 135, where it wa.s h. 1.1. that, although there ia a auflScient intereat in the increa* of mortgaged cattle in favour of the mortgagor to give tith' to thein free from the mortgage to a bana fide purchaser, an .xr- cution creditor is not in the aame poHition, and can onlv ike the legal title charjjed with the mortgage. The case was aftii n. .1 sub Homine Graveiey v. Springer, 3 Terr. L.R. 120, 2 \.\\ r. 306. As to the principle of assignment of non-existing or iiit- ure-acquired property the following cases were alao referr. .1 to by the Court: McAllister v. Forsyth, 12 Can. S.C.R. 1; Km v Macdouald, 9 H.L.C. 618; Coyne v. Lee, 14 A.R. (Ont.i >n 512: Canada IVrmanent v. ToHc'. subject to the payment of the proper fees. CO. ch. 4}, see 1 ' ii II ALBEUTA Bills or M.u.E ACT. 211 I«dM Of B«ffiitntioB. .11,1 .iKh pnirv .hill b. „„„, J , r ! "f^"'" '» •"'•I' "»me^ .f -o- p-r,; r ,.^ "c's":' t r »""■ "'"" "" """- See nee. 20 of the Ontario Act. Conreyance of Growing or Pntur. Cropt •reativl and which u intp;! . . "^''^""•^'^ """'*'• ^••^•'<'"tfd or -uri,, .hall h t fa t ' '""''"''' *"' ""^■'' ^"^^^ »« « applvtooraJt^y/ro" l::r """■"" ^° '""'• ^"^"'"-- lu imn, oe valid except the hhhw yimii k ■ e.'.ted or or, ued .. » «ecuritv for T ""","'"'" ^ '»««'*'- "*• "■-t thereon of aeed gTaL ' ''"'""'"" '^"'^^ ""'^ '« Ord....' and h affida ?o;, ""'T """ P""^'''*"" "^- '"- •" -;.re the pu«ha«e price of aeed grTin ""'" '" '"'"" .-;: .;,',: r.':::f::rar''"'^^^ '-•"- ^'•^ '-•^' -■ -^ -r of the aal:Tere:uZ o"; r .Z "^"'" "^ miuiiiiiiKf. ' •^'^ "lortgage or eii- [i) Everj- regristration clerk shall k^.. ^"^1' -d ,,raia mortgages and I « ^ T"'"'' "'*''•'''• °^ th.s I .rdinance. ^^'^'''^ ^*''" "'"'«'■ ««cti«n 33 of - .: ^^ZZ\T^C^C"'r " '''''' '-' «'^^ »''-" > K n by the mortgagor or by any ^t ^f ,^^^.^. II • Mi, ■sf ii r' 219 RII.M or MAI.K AND rll ATTEI, MDRTO.MIRH. tion affAiriHt the iiH>rt(rairor in the h«n liin, of the ivfrmtratioii of mivh w><>4l KrHin iiiortirHKi' hut such »..,| irrnin mort(n»|t«« iihall Im- n flmt iiiiil prefi-ri-iitial awiirity for :l aiitii therein inentionctl. The dale of the |iiirchMMc of w-jhI trrmn, the number of huahela nnd price per lMi*ihel iiiUNt lie Htate.l in • ,. nioHKHKe ax well im in the nffl.JHvit of /»<«« fiilit. CO. di ' aec. 15. See note to see. 17, Saak. Act. Procedure nnder Mortftye on Defaalt. 16. Inlewi it ia otherwiae apecially provided tl-. r and cluittela aaaiKned untler a niurtKHite or conveyr to operate hh h lnortf;a|^' of kihmU and ehattela hI to Im> aeizeil or taken poHNeaaiun of hy the (crantet' 1 - fulIoH ing cauacM : — 1. If the Krantor ahall make default in payment of tin sums of money therehy wt-uriHl at the time therein provid. payment or in the performance of any covenant or ajrr.. .:,. confain«'d in the niorfgaKe or conveyance intemled to oj . .•• as a mortKage and neceaaary for nmintaining the wTurii> ; 2. If the grantor ahall without the written permisMiuii n • .. Krantee either remove or sutfer the goo u of default of the grantor in paying the same when dih ; 4. If execution ahall have Ikh-u levietl against tli.- _• ■ • : the grantor under any judgment at law. o. If the grantor shall attempt to sell or dispose m .; :. ; v way part with the poasesaion of the said goods. Cm 4 sec. 16. Utiiurt by Mortyayit. See note to sec. IH, Sask. Act. Although a mortgagee uiay Lave no right to take ; - v>a>s AUIMTA BILU8 or BAU: ACT. -'13 V fr...chi,„r.. .1 T.Tr Vr-o,^ '"JP -.I from ,.o,Hh...t: A.|,.„., f" Kx parto Kiii, ,|s9s^ " O n 70 „ i. .. . >-nt of th.. in,en.t irz ^ . I ' „!":';":;: "' ""'■""'"' '»" <>ifferont tim«.. «„,« the hankvT '"'•'*"'.''>• ""* ""to. at -•• inHtn.cre.1 him not to^at C^' ;. "j' ;'''/"'"'"«' «' »'""- "' '"• «"«■ that he had the ri/ht one. th ^"'^''"T '^'^"•' ""• -:ts of ,„oh pe^on in «.izi„7m eh hor^t" Z.t '"h"""; '"' '"- "• »•"• I'H"k 8,.ize.l an old erin, led te2 f I ^*'"'"'" ''"" """"^ •>> tl„. note and the nlaintlff - .♦ ^u "'" ^'"" '•"'^"'' «'"ven.,l >'..■ ..n„k should aket h ,1:^ '" t; ''""/'L' """ ^"""•^ »''«t til" note, he is not entiXd t„ '^7 "^ "'*' """ ''«^«''^'J hv 'I '"'-tion of that e2 T !..! ! ,TT ?.V'^" •"-«^'" -'''»'^- or .t ^.1 . 4 I).L.R. .m 4 A LR 228 ""'' ''"'•^'' '^'""'•'*'« •;">"'•' s «".l provid^ statin j^..: ."'";;: ''°^^^. ^-^attel ;'""•-- not in accordance with ^hf tatZv irTV"'' ""^ ■•--,M ...tion a..a amende.! aehedule «r' is tlS'" "'"'' .-. No Uerson nrhnsn^..^- l- ^"^ tOllOWS: — "''-"' I-rocess whatsoever LI" IrJr- T '•"•^' "^'"'•- "^'ra (If Jiiiliciji I . , "•'»"«'-, "111 or sale or anv />»i ' '"^^ ^■»'«'«'«-r. nor any person who..::;,?; i ft niployed 214 BILUJ OF SALE AND CHATTEL M JKTOAOE><. in any manner in making roch seizure or doing any act whatso- ever in the coune of such aeizure or for carrying the aame into effect shall have, take or receive out of the proceeds of the goods and chattels seized and sold from the person against whom the seizure may be directed or from any other person whomso ever any other or more costa or charges for and in respect of siuli seizure or any matter or thing done therein or thereunder thiin such as are fixed in the s^-hedule hereto and applicable to .aili act which shall have been done in course of such seizure and no person or pcreons »hall make any charge wliatsoever for any mt or matter or thinjt mentioned in the said schedule unless Mich act, matter or thing shall have l)eeu really performed and done CO. 1898, ch. :J4, sec. 2. 3. If any person making any distres-s or seizure rtf»rr..l to in sections 1 and 2 of this Act shall take or receive any oth. i- or greater costn or charges than are set down in the said si-h.-ilu.'.- or make any chartte whatsoever for any act, matter or iliin:: mentioned in thi' said schedule and not really performed or iliui, the party aggrieved may cause the party making the sjiid .1 s- trt-ss or 84'izure to In- sninnioned before the District Coiiit .if the judicial district in which the goods and chattels distninil upon or seized or some oortion thereof lie and the wiid < ..iirt may order the party making the distress or seizure to ]>i,\ U) the party aggrieved tn-ble the amount of moneys fak.n n- trary to the provisions of this ordiimnee: CO., eh. M, s. .• i. amended litlO, eh. 2, sec. 4. ScMEnfLE. 1. Levying distress >:; 2. Man in possi'ssion, per day ; 3. Apprais«'inffif. whether by om- appraiser or mort-. two cents on tiu tlollar on the value of ^oods up to if.'ii"' and one per ei-nt. on the dollar for each additional! $5(10 or fraction then-of u,» to |2.tM(0, and one-half jiri- lent, on all snms over that amount. 4. All reasonable and nccessarj' disbursements for advir tising. 5. (atalouue, sale, eounnission ami delivery of jro r« . ptT et-nt. on tlif n<'t procjvds of the ^oods up . lOn and one anil oue-half pi-r cent, thereafter. i\ 215 0.10 AMIBTA BILLS OF SALE ACT. 6. For mileage for every mile (over two mileg) nece«irilv 11!^?^^ P««»'on of good, under a hire receipt or TviT' "^u "r*"^"*' *'»*° the ri,erS is em! ployed, from the place where the warrant or authorTy ?wS ' •' '""" "'* "'•^"'^'- ««■ hi- bailiff', S IttnTrerr'"^^ *" *'''' '^''^ "' --"»- "^ 1909, ch. 4, sec. 2. 7. All nece8«ary and reasonable disbursements for rem<,v. Ti 7^ •''/'"hursements which in th- oS„ o the Judge before whom a question hs to the araTunt of the fee. to be allowe,! un.ler thin Act m«v ooZTol .iec.«on, are reasonable and n.wsaary: 1910 "h " -«««»«^.rt'^^r^;.Hns^^^^ l"'ii «. ».il,.«» ■> :, ,*r '" "™"' " P'Tinmivo only, lec. '"""■' "■■■''""»" (XWT). r,f,.rr,,l ,„: M,l,„il, v , ' < hHr 11 . i( i iu\ ML. I - ; Ms I i > i? ill ' f : ll If f 216 niLUS or SAI,E AND CIIATTEI, MORTOAOES. i 1 ^ -I iii Union Bank (I'.C), 1() D.L.R. 5tt2; itw aim) Colliiw v. Eaton, (Alta.) 1!) W.L.K. 608, following Robson v. Biggar, 1 K H G90, and easH" »itpra in 44 Can. S.C.R. 47;{. Renewal of Kortgaget. 17. Kvery mortgaKo filed in pupsnanct! of this Ordinaii. .• shall ci-aae to Ik' valid aa agaiiiat tlu> creditors of the person, making the .same and against Milwt-cpient pur<'ha8«'r8 or hum! gagees in giHMl faith for valnal)le consideration after the expii i tion of two years from the filing then-of nnless. within thii!\ days next pn-eeding the expiration of the said term of tu.p years, a statement exiiihiting the interest of the mortgiisr..', I,n exeentors, administrators or aj«ign.s in the property el.iiiii. I liy virtne thereof )een kept on fcm: .„■ any Irandulent pnrposi', wliicli statement and altidavit >li.i! ■■ deemed one instrument. CO. eh. 4;i. s.c 17: l!t(HI, eh. 12. ,, j see. 21 (1 ) of the ' th da.\ included, without fraetioning any part of the i|ji\ s,; I ALBKkTA Bll.l„«i oF SALE ATT. -Ji- h ,,r...i8..1.v ..quak th,. statutory period in hours an.i uiiuutos- injf 1 -NW.T.R., part 1, p. 88. See sec. 22 (post) as to affitinvits made l.y tiu- «ife„t or man- ager ot an incori)orated company. - i "r m.in A mortgage date.i 8(h Kd.runry, I!.(.7. wherebv the tim- hxed or repaynieut is 8th Fel.ru.ry. i;.,)!., do.^ not'extend t e udu .ty ^yond two years from its date: S.^ylmuh v. Hi-^i m Form of Benewal. 18. Such stateM.ent ,uul affidavit .,hall he in ll,e following form or to the like effect :— (liiiniral sliili III, )il.i Statement exhibitinK the intere.st of T./*. ,n the property mentione.! in the chattel iLort^a^e dated the d«y o"f , A.D. 1 , made between AH., of of the --imrt.„ndr-./...„f . ol the other par,, and'tiled n. the othee ot the r..Ki«,rati..n el.rk of the retfi.stration district ot (as III, , n.n.ent thereof fron. the said ('./>. to him dated the ''"•'■<*' • 1 . '"•'« III, ,„.•>, ,„„,, k, ,, No payn.ent8 have In-en made on ac^-ount of the said """•'^rnKc ior the following payn.ents a„,l n„ other h-.ve '"■tn made on account of the said mortjrage: 1. (Jan. 1.— Cash receive.! :f- ^ I'"' -':»""t "till due for principal and interest .,„„„. .,„i dollars eo.nputed as Ml.::! .'/"•' Ih, iumpiilatioii.) CD. ff 1 J fWr i ■ ■ 1 I t J t ! l.:l * t ' t^ h im i^iii i L { * 1 ; ! i I ^11 -I 218 BHXS OF 8ALK AND CHATTEL MORTOAOES. (Affidavit.) Xorth-We«t Territories,^ To Wit : j '• ' o' ■ the mortgagee named in the chattel mortgage mentioned in the foregoing (or annexed 1 state- ment (or aaaignee of , the mortgagee named in th. chattel mortgage me!i(ioiieentures m a seenrity fop which the mnrtjtajre ..,• ;.. veyance wa-s made, or a .-opy thereof, eertifie^l under the Ii,,ii i f the president or vice-president and ««.crpfar>- of the eonipui^ i verified hy an affidavit of the stn-retary thereto atfaehe,! t : dorsed there(m. and having the corporate .sea! atla. lie.i th. ,, together »ilh a copy of the mortgage or conveyance c.-rtiti,. | verified a« aforesaid is filnl with the registrar of joint st.x'k panics within the time limited for filing a renewal «tater>,. , n aeeortlane.- with see. 17 hereof, it shall not Ik? net-cssary lo ,. , a the .said morttraKe or .-onvcyance, hut the same shall in su.h ». continue to \^ valid as if the same had l«en duly renew. ,1 :„ this Ordinance provided. Register of Debenture Mortgages, etc. (:<) The registrar of .joint-8to<-k eomi.anies shall k,.;. n alphalK-tieal register of all .such hy-law.s, niortgapes ..r ,.„,,;>- -^'^ERTA BILLS „K SA,.E ACT. oiO ances indexed under the name, nf .k «me. and the «id re^er Zl^ J '"'"'''"' "''*'"""*' ""^ preacribed by order in 72.^ u^ ^ ^™™ *'""^ »« '^^^ sec. 18; 1907'oh 5 Je 10 '" '"' '"'''"' ^•«- '•^- ^•^. Dibenture Mortgages. It has been held that see ')« «r .i .. relating to the powen. of rcomnanv 11' /^'""P""''''' "rJinHnce applie. only to n.ortgages and ot'er^^s^Turt™^ ""' '""''^"♦f''' borrowed, and does not r^trint Ih ■ '**'"'"'« *« secure money 7'npany to give -ecu^ tr/oT ^itirl'r ''T' ''^ " "•"■""^ fi-'- members of a comoa'nv in „ I *■ *"'■ *''•-' """""n'tv of -' A.LR. 21. *^- "'"^""•'s V. \\.nui,,..g Ci^'ar Co, further Benewal Yearly. « me Office of the registration ck-rk «f ,!,« ,,1,,.:.., „,, - 1-P-t, Ks ,hen si,„„t.. «ithin tbirtv d« „ xt "r " xpinition of th.' term of n,,.. v f " pr-vimg • ' -1.,. stat. „ ,..,„.;" ' -^^".'r ''^•" '"" "'">• of tiu. tiling < M'irat.o. of on., vear fl ' ''"•" ""' ^"'•'••''""*'' "'« ^'' "-"t an., , . ," ,: ";''" "' ""* «""^ "^ ""• f—r '■•-'•'--.-irto'riirir-'-'-''''' -- ■^-■0 sec. 21 ,7) of the Ontario A.-t. H^new,, ,y pe^^ Eap«.e„Utive or A«ig„ee. - -"0 mxt ot k.„, ,.x,,„t..r or ..ul.nini.strHtor of .ny de- I ' 2M BILLH Of bAUi AND CUATTKL. MUOTOAUKti. i i I i ceased tnortffaffee or by any aMiicnee claiming by or through any nwrtgagee or any noxt of kin, oxecutor or administrator of any •uch assignee ; but if the affidavit in made by any assignee, next of kin, executor or lulministrator of any such assignee the aa8it;n nient or the several assignments through which such assignre claims nhall l>e filed in the offiee in which the mortgage is originally filed at or In-fore the time of such refiling by suili assignee, next of kin, executor or miministrator of such ajwigi CO. ch. 43, sec. 20. See sees. 14 and 21 (8) of the Ontario Act. Affent'i Anthority to take ConveyaBcea. 21. An authority for the purpose of taking or renewini; ,i mortgage or conveyance intendtnl to operate as a mortgage i sale, as-signment, or transfer of go.Hk and chattels under il,. provisions of thin Ordinance may Ik- a general one to take ^m I renew all or any morinageH or convt-yances to tiie mortgag... ,,• bargainee; and providetl wueh general authority is duly liLI with the clerk it Mhall not It.- necessary to dttaeh a copy tli.i. ..r to any mortgage filed. L'.O. eh. 4:t, sec. 21. .S-e sees. 12 and i;{ of the Ontario Act. Agt nl of Mortguyrr. The execution of a chattel mortgage l.y th.- iuort«ai.'oi mi ifs delivery to and acceptance liy the morfu'aifcc i. ; cepting such delivery: Adaiiw v. llutehiniw. i Terr. L K l' i' The affidavit of bomi fiilin of a chattel mortira).,'.- m , .. sworn before a Nolicitor aetinjf tor the morti;aKee: Han' . Winnipeg Cigar Co., 2 AL.K. 21.. Agent or Manayer of Company Mortgagee. 22. For the purpose of making the allidavit of '>«iiu • / i, • quired by sections tj, 8 and !) of this Ordinance and tlic .ill, . m! ALBERTA BILLS Of HAUt ACT. ■221 reqnirPd by neotion 17 of thin Onlinanco the expr«wion« "mort- jntRw.." "bargainee" or "awiign.H." 8hall, in a.Wition to their primarj' meaning, mean and incliule the a^ent or manaff, r of any mortRaRee. hanrainee or asaijrnee heinff an incorporated company. CO. oh. 4:j, m-c. 22. Company Mortfjaffre. Where the affi.lavit of bona fi,h» ix made hv hh officer of an incorporated conipany. the coiniHmy is. like »n individual, hound by the recitals in the niort|fa(re, r.,,.. a r.rital of an ner.'.m,.nt in writinfr for future adva.ices. The affi.lavit of hom fi,h, "here the niortjrngor ia an ineorporatnl eoinpanv. n.av he made l.y the company's viee-pn.si.lent. who i...,! not b,. des<-rib..d as nutnt: NewlandH v. HijTKins. 1 A.L.K. IS. Omiuioni aad Errors. 23. Subj.vt to the riKht.s of third p.T.sons accrued hv n-ason of such omisMions a.s are hereinafter d.riucd |a judtfc of the Dis- triet fourt of the judicial district within which anv niortfraire or transfer or authority to fake or renew the name is or should he r.t'ister.^1 ,.r renewed] on being satisfi.^l that the omission to re,fi.sfer a mortRa^e or ..the,- transler of personal pn.,.ertv or ■'^^y authority to take or renew fh.. same or anv stateoie.it'and affidavit of renewal ther-'of within the time |.res,.ril.e,l by this •'rdmance or the umiaaion or misstatement of tlie name! resi- ■i'M.e or occupation of any perxon waa a.vi.h-ntal or dm- to iM ..Ivertence or imp.m.sibility in fact. >nay in his dist-retion order sii.l. ..Million or misstatement b. be re.-tified bv the ins^-rtion in -li.' r.-eiNter of the true name, reai.lence or o,vupation or bv ex- '•'•I'l't' the time for such registration mx such terms and condi- '^"s If any as to .security, notice by a. As to rectification of register. «'e note to .sec. 21 of British "iiirnbia Sales Act. Mortgage! when Vew Diitricti Formed. 23«. Ail ehattel mortgages relating to property within any 1 I I 1 : |: \' •ii 1 i-H; i.'. n it* 11 i il i II I 222 WLLa UK h-VU; ANO CUATTEL MOKTOAOto. I effect...! i„.T !!!!!!. "^ ""^ "*"*'""" *« '^ " ^""d and effeot...! .n all r«p<^ti. aa they would have been if the new H., z':! 2:7" ''"''^'^■- ""* '" »^^ -nt of at:;:. ; S^ricT the " TT** "*" *"• -tabliahment of .„eh n.-w dwtnct he renewal atatement .hall be fjled in tJ,e office of tl... Se, and of an T *" """' '""" ""'•''*"' »»*»— tr«ho„ clerk .n whoae office the name were filed; and no ch7 1 "ew d^i:"t Z ry '* ''' '"^^ "' ''^ eatabli^hinTof ::; n the office o the re,n«ratio„ clerk of a„ch new district nr. to ita renewal] 1900. ch. 12. aec. 3. """rici prior See sec. 22 of the O.itario Act. Awipunent of Mortjafei. 24. In caae an.v n-giHtcred chattel mortRaRe haa been «*.!..„ l ::i: rr::r "i -7 '•^'-^ '>■ ^ ^"^'^ «^ -«- and shall be had ..pon a certificate of the assignee proved in manner aforesai.l. CO. ch. 4\ «ec. 24. See sec. 29 (4) of the Ontario Act. IWwharg. of Mortgage.. and!!" ,r""' """^ '"°^*"'^' "^ «^''' ""'^ 'Chattels is re.is,., .,| und- the prov.s.«„s of this Or.linance .,„ch mort,a«e 1 n ■ tere.1 ,f a ..ep^ftcate s.,r...Ml by the ,„ort«asee, his oxector. .• :t"Tn.^.r 2^" ^^^ -^""'^ ^-- - -- ■■ See ^.. 2s of the Ontario Act. AUIERTA BILLS OF HALE ACT. 223 Eatiy of OiMharft. 86. The officer «ith nhom ,uch chattel „K,rtg.ge i. filed upon m.e,vint -uch certificate duly proved by the aflklavit of a .ub- «nb>„g w,fne« .hall at each place where the number of ,uoh n.or.^««e ho been entered with the name of any of the partie, thereto m the book kept under «,ction 14 of thi. Ordinance or wherever otherwun, in the «.id book the aaid mortgage haa been entered. w„.e the worda "Di«.harged by certificate „u,„." l» a ing the number of certificate) "; and he .hall al«, endorne •..e act o auch d.acharge upon the inrtrument diacharged and shHllafBx his name to such endoraenient. 0.0. ch 43 sec "6 See sec. 29 (1) of Ontario Act. ' ' " ' Kntry of Discharge. The Ordinance of 1889 contained abo the word, "and to • vrTifi Ite ^^' iL'^'Tt'' -"^ ^•^ »-«-" -JJ-'thi" wo^" th 'ntn willnf^«Tf J*"" ''"'''^' "' "»'"°* »' ""dialing I Cdin^ of ?h. o ,^ '""''""."'^ '" P™''*'"^' *h« change ij Certificate of DiMihargv. 27. Any person filing a diKharge of .mortgage or a partial 'l.*i.arge of ...oHgage a. aforesaid shall .. enZd to ask ': I'll '"TT 1! """^ "'''"^ " '''''^'''' («»»'«'• ♦han the certifi- ca.e wh,ch might be endorsed on a copy or duplicate of Z ...'.r .ag,. as afor««id) of such discharge or parHal H "' ' 1'" form following or to the like effect :_ (Crrdficale of discharfie.) Norfh-Weat Territories, j Kt'gistration District of I This B to certify that an instrument purporting to l,e a discharge in full (or a partial discharge) of a certain ehattel mortgage lK.aring the date the day of and filed the day of following, miule hetwoen • •" • o' , as mortgagor and CD., of , as mort- i^il 'H k -! I i 224 BthlM or MIX Aim CHATTEL MorrOAOEi. } - I ptip..', hu bwn fllwl in th*- offlw ..f fh.- elerk of tlif ivk.h tfHtioii tlMtrift of on the (Uy of (a,,,/ i» ra«e of a partial tlUikarge that th.- gtiotlii or ppop.rt . iiit'ntionetl in such partial diwharge poniii«tn of ilinribiuif th, rhalhl or pro/Milij). K. M., n.Tk. CO. ch. 43, «e.-. 21 KamoTtl of ChattaU Mortftftd. M. No K'HMlit or ehatti'lfi uuih-r rnortgairc Nhnll Iw rpin..v..| into Hnoth.-r r.'Kin -v. 2S. Bemoral of Ooodi to Another District. 88. In fh.- event of the permanent r.Mnoviil of jro.i.N ;ii, l chattels mortifBKed aa aforesaid from the regintration diKtii, i ,„ which they were at the time of the ex.^'ution of the niort^inr... • , another reKiatration district l)efope the payment and dis,!,,,,.-. of the mortsraire a certifie.l copy of such mortKajfe und.r n. hand of the nuiwtration clerk in who*, offlee it waa Hrnt n -i> fere»l and of the attidavit and documents and instruments n i, t iiiR then-to Hl.d in such offlee. shall Ih' HI.hI with the reKistiMliuN clerk of the district to which such (roods and chatteU ai. i moved within three winks from such removal otherwiw th. ^,,1 go nidi nn.l v.. ,1 s Bftainst «ub8.H|uent purchasers ami mortgagees in good niiHi • r valualde consitleration as if never e.xe<'ute«l. CO. eh. 41. « , . i See sec. If) of the Ontario Act, and note to sec M ^ik Act. Mortgtge or Hill of Sale Uforc Rr moral from anofh, r J fist,, ■ ■,' t'tme Province. The "sulwquent purchaaer" in such case must b.- ou.' vh.i pun-hhsed after the expiration of the three weeks from tim .i f j i ii AI^KRTA HIUM or H.\l,i; A«T. 2"J.'» r.inoviil «,u| tlut thoiiKh tio .-opy of th.- Hiortimtft. i« Hl«l hii |.rovi...,l ,t m v.li.l M HK«i„.l « pun-hni... i„«,|,. withiu ,iuh |.eri«l: IlullH-rt v, IVt..n«n. 3fi (««. S.C.R. .,-..4. f„||„„...| i„ UlIht v. S<.«tt, ]«> Mhm. I,.H. :.!»4. Mortgage or Bill „f Sal. b,f.,rr H,m„v„l from nnofi,,,- /',•,.,.«.. or I OHttlry. Thw i«tio«. which r,M,..ir.^ « ,vrtiH...I .-opy of th. ...ortiTHge I" l« rtl.Ml III th.. r..KWtrHfi«„ ,|i«tri,.t to whi.-h th- k'kxIh «r.. iv- move,!. iHiiitf jiioperHt.v.- im h Ihw Im.voii.I th.. lK)uii.lHri..H of th« I mvinc.t follow, thnt. if th.- ...ortKHK,. \n »,k>.I n.-.-onliiiK to til.' Ihw of th.. MitiH of th.. coo,!, Ht th,- iii,i.. of ...x.^ution m In- iw,...|, the parti«i. it ih roo.! in vx^ry oth..r ^itiiN to «hi..h th.- if.HHlM iiia.v U' n.move.l. .-v.-ii hh ii«n.iii»t «„lMMHpu.|it pnn-liHm-ni 'M.I rmliton.. Hti.l if reirintratioii in only n-quiml l.v th.. Inw "t th,. original aitiu to prot.rt ,.r..,litoni aii.l H.il.^.,pi..nt p„r. ■ liH«.r«, thm iii..an« pre,litoni au.i Muli«.qu..Mt pur..hHH,i.M »....|(- niir to eiiforc.. th..ir clainia within th.. judicial t.rrilorv of the ..ri«inal utiiH; an.l, eona.Hpi<.iitlv. whether reifiat.r..,l in eiih..r .nirH.liptiou or not. the mortifiiKe. vali.l betw.^-n the partita ia v«li.l to all intent., an.l purponea. in any foreijfu ( in..|ii.liiitr other provineiHl) junmlietion : .lonea v. Twohev. 1 Alta R 'ti? a.>e lt...un V. KolK.rt«)n. 2 T..rr. L.K. 21; followetj in Sa'wv^r & viT -.. •''": ' ""' "• "■'"= "''-'•'•-' ♦« '" <»"■" V R»i«.-i. 2 A L K. <•!; aee also note to Saak. A(.t, a...'. .11. Evidence -C«rtifl«d Copiei. 30. Cipie, of any inKtr.:nient HIe.l un.ler thia Or.liiiante. ■.rliri...| hy the r..^lratioii clerk, ahall Im- r.H.eiv..,l «.s ,mmA fa.u evidence for all purpoae. a. if the ..riKinal iiu.truiiieiit waa l"'Nlii..e.l and alao aa ,,r„n,i fan, eviileiiee of th.- e.x.H.titi„n of "i' -nKiiial inatrunient aeeordin^ to the purport of su.li ,.,.py «"•! Il.e clerk -a certiHeat.. ahall alno la. ,.Wm.i f,ui, ..vi.l,.,,..,. of 'I" -lit. iiii.l li„ur of ivKialniti.iii and Hlin^. c.o. ,.i,. 4:1 ^,.,. „,. J ALBERTA Bir.I„S OP SALE ACT. 09- eertifieate on a d,.nliea.... if any. „„,, for entering the .same in a book as aforesaid, ,",0 cents; 2. For filing assignn.ent of each instrument and for making all proper en.lorsen.ents in connection therewith, 50 cents 3. For t5hng certificate of discharge of each instrument and ::::t:zi:'"''' -'''- -' -'°« —ed ther:' 4. For searching for each paper, 25 cents; ji. For copit^ of any d-K-ument filed under this Ordinance «.th eerfficate then.f. ,0 cents for every hundrc.l words >|; ir SCIIEDrLE TO THK H,LLS OF SALE ORDIXAXCE (ALTA.) FORM A. (Section 7.) •ArORTOAOK OK ClUTTEI.S. Tlas Indenture made the day of a O 1 or -lu. other part. " ' "" ""'' '''"^ ''''■' "^ Witnmeth that in consideration of the sum of $ 2; .^«. 1.- CD the receipt of which the saidl«. hcZ '-'•'•• J«tl> hereby assign to the .said CD., his executors „l ;;;;';;;"-- -<•_ assign. «„ and singular the s::^Z^ ^ ^ .ne.x.d , 1,^ „«v ,t s..cunty for the payment of the sum and uifercst thereon at the rate of per cent npr """ a,...e and decla,.e that he will duly pay to the .aid r./l.! h I r ■ ■J l; i i ■ : t n I II I i i i i III .HI 228 BlI.l.S OF SAI.K AND CllATTKl. MUKTCAliKS the priiieipiil sum aforesaid tonoflu'i- witli the iiitcrfst tlu-ii due on thf day of , A.D. {i>r irliati n r i Isi man hi the slipitlatfd limi «c timts for imijmint). And tlic said A.B. doth agref with the said CD., that he will {Iki-i iiisirt terms as to insuranre, payment of rint, collateral suurili. for any eaiise other than those .specified in section 16 of T'n Bills of Sale Ordiiianci except as is otherwise specially provided herein. In witness whereof the said A.B. has hereunto .set his hand and seal. A.B. Signed and .sealed by the said A.B. in the presence of nie. E.F. (Add iiami, nddriK.s and oeeiipnlion of iritniss.) FOR.M \i. (Section 2.").) UlSCHARGE OK (.'HATTEI, .MoKTl!A(iK. To the registration clerk of the registration district of I, A.B., of , do certify that has satistietl iil! money due on or to grow due on a certain chattel mortgage iini'l' by to which mortgage Ijears date the d;iv of , A.D. 1 , -and was registered (w iH ca*'. Ilu »/("'■ (jdiji lias bii n ri m ind was renewed) in the ottice of tile rc^nsti.i tion clerk of the registration district of on the A.D. 1 . as number (heri mention tin day and d< ALBEHTA BILLS* KK .SALE ACT. 221 • thi fail moti h() ami flint T mii tlic person fntitlod I)y law to re- Pfivc tltp inonpy: iiml that siifli uiortjrajrc is tlicroforp disoliarjrpil. Witness my hand this day of , A.D. 1 Witness (staliiifi rrsldnici and ix nipntion) . ) E.P. I A.B. SEIZIRE TXDKR KXKCCTIO.X OF CHATTEL MORT- r.AOES ANT) EQUITIES OF REDE.MI'TION TIIERE- rXDER. THE JlDrCATCRE ORDINANCE. (C()\. Ordinances, cii. 21 (Alberta i.i When Execution has Priority. 356. Except as hereinafter mentioned every writ of execu- lion ajrainst poods and ehattels sliail, at and from tlie time of its delivery to the sheriff to lie executed, hind all the poods and cliattels. or any iutere.st in all the poods and ehatte's. of the jiid^iiient dehtor within the judieial di.striet of the .said .sheriff and shall take priority to any chattel inortpape, hill of sale, or assipniiient for the l)enetit of all or any of the creditors of the .indgiiienf dehtor executed hy him after the receipt by the sheriff" of siieli writ of execution or which, hy virtue of the provisions of the Bills of Sales Ordinance, has not taken effect prior to .such ifceipt as against the creditor or creditoi-s' interest under the 'Xtcution, hut .shall not take priority to a Iwnii fiili sale by the .iiidi.'iiient dehtor followed hy an actual and continual chanpe of IKissesslon of any of his poods and chattels without actual notice to the purchaser that such writ is in the hands of the .sheriff of tile judicial di.strict wherein the said .judpment dehtor resides or I .irries on husines.s. CO. eh. 21. R. :l.')(i. Sale of Equities in Chattels. 358. On any writ of execution apainst pood.s and chattels, the ^ll.•riff charped with the execution of the same may seize and sell i.. , 'f' I ■'■ ! I il ■ I-,, i I i ; M p lit: : ] if i • ■■ i i ^ III! M -I i i J1 ) i 230 BILL8 OF SALE AND CHATTEL. MORTGAGES. the interest or equity of redemption, in any goods or chattels, in- cluding leasehold interests in any lands of the party against whom the writ has been issued &nd such sale shall convey what- ever interest the mortgagor had in such goods and chattels at the time of the seizure. CO. ch. 21, K. 356. Execution againit Mortgagee. 360. The officer charged with the execution of any v, rit of execution against goods may seize thereunder any registered mortgage in favour of the execution debtor whether upon lands or chattels by delivering a notice in writing of such seizure to the registrar or clerk in the office where such mortgage is re- gistered ; but no such mortgage shall be affected or charged l)y any writ of execution until delivery of such notice. (2) Upon receipt of such notice the clerk or registrar shall make an entry thereof in the registrar for which he shall be en- titled to a fee of fifty cents: Provided that unless and until personal service of a notice of seizure on the mortgagor is made he shall not be affected thereby and any payments made by him to the mortgagee before service of such notice shall be deemed goo*l and valid. CO. ch. 21, see. 360. BRITISH COLUMBIA. AN ACT FOR PRKVKNTING FRAIDS II'ON CREDITORS BY SECRKT BILI.8 OF SAI.K OF PERSONAL CHATTELS. (R.S.B.C. 1!»11, in. 2(». and Amexd.mkxts.) His Maj<«ty, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of British Columbia, en- acts as follows: — Short Title. 1. This Act may be cited for all purposes as the "Bills of Sale Act" 1905, ch. 8, sec. ]. Application of Act. 2. This Act shall apply to every bill of sale executed after the eisrhth day of April, 1905 (whether the same be absolute or subject or not subject to any trust), whereby the holdei or frrantee has power, either with or without notice, and either im- mediately or at any future time, to .seize or take possession of :iny personal chattels comprised in or made subject to such bill .11' Side: 1905, ch. 8, see. 2. What (ii; Rilh of Sale. Whatever documents are included in the expression "bill lit sale." as defined by the Bills of Sale Acts, they must still be iiiiiited to documents "whereby the holder or grantee has power lo seize or take possession of any personal chattels coini)rised or made subject to such" document. The Acts therefore do not iichide letters of hypothecation accompanying a deposit of j-'iiods. or pawn tickets given by a pawnbroker, or in fact any if i : m 'i\ ^" ''- : i ■•I i; ii b *^' •! I Jiif I ' I ■• i ' 1 t I : H' » II L';t2 rtll.Ls OK .,.\I.K AM) (IIATTKt, MOHTdMiKS cHsc. wlu'i-c tlif olijfi't Hiul <'11Vpt of tilt' trHiisiictioii iiiv im iiifdiHtfly to transrcp the posscNNion of the fhatti-ls, from tli.- Krantor to tin- Kraiitcc. Ilciu'i' the delivery order of a eoii.sii;ii ineiit of Rooils ffiveii to a Imnk lis seeuritv for iidvanees and tli. minutes of the transaction whereliy an immediate transfer ol j)088t'8sion is intended liws not require registration as a l>iil ol sale: Kx parte Close. I{e Hall, 14 (^.15.1). :)86 ; Orinjf v. National (luardian Assuram-e Co.. |18!H| ,{ Vh. 2(»6. Where j.'oo> Ch.l). t)«2. The rntio duuirndi of Kx |). Close. 14 y.lJ.I). .Wti, aiwl K Cunningham. 28 Ch.l). ()82. were di.sapprove Ke Townsend, l!i (^.M.l). -):{2. where it was held that a docii ment >rivin>f a license to take imnu'diate possession as .seeurin for a (lelit is a hill of sale within the meaning of the Act. :uii| nuist follow the statutory form. To im|)ea.') : IJritish Coliiiiil.iH Laiiil .ind [iivpst iiicnt AKt'iH'.v V. Ishitaka, 4."> Chii. S.C.R. :{02. Tli«' biddinj; in l)y the inortgiiKfc at a sal.- of the inortk'aRfd cliattfls avoids the sal.-, and the niortgajror's right to redt-Hia continut's: Van Volkfiilit-r).' v. W.stfrn Kaneliinir Co (i HCR 284. Bill of Sale Defined. 3. In this Act the lollowint' words and cxpr.'s.sions shHli have t\u- m.-aiiin(?s in this section assigned to theni res|)ecfivc!y. unless there he something in tlie sMl).ject or context repngnant to such loiistriiction. tliat is to .sa.v -^ •IJill of .sale" shall include hills of sale. assi;riiments. trans- fers, declarations of trust without traasfers. inventories of uoods with ri'ceipts thereto attached, or receipts for purchase moneys of goods, and other assurances of personal chattels, and also |)owers of attorney, auth- orities, or lici-nses to take pos.session of personal chat- tels as secnrit.v for any deht. and al.so any agreement, whether intended or not to he followed hy the execu- tion of any other instrument. Iiy which a ri^'hl in equity to any |)crsonal chattels or to any charv'c or s!» of the Revised Stat- utes of Canada, known as the -JJank Acf; warehouse- keepers" certificates ; warrants or orders for th.' de- livery of goo»ls: or any other documents used in the ordinary cour.se of business as proof of the posses.sion • !■ i; ,H- i'l il'l \1\ ■; I »■ = i< I- ! ■ I, ' m if if 234 BII.|J< OK HM.K AND C'HATTEI. MURTU \Uf»«. or control of gootlx, or authorizing or purporting to HUthorize, fithiT by indonM-nient or by delivery, tlif po8iif88or of 8uch clocuuit-nt to traiutfcr or receive Koo> this Act. ■■(Jrantee" shall include assij^uee: 1!I0."), eh. 8, sec. -i; '•'•'■' •2 Oen. V. (lltl-J) eh. 2, sec. 2. TUK BKITIUU COLLMitlA ACT. 235 UffjutratUm of BUh of Sah. S*-*- gee. 2 of thf N'ovH Scotia Act. iiud mi-c. 28 of the \i>w l«>- THUHc fhero ia nothing in aiich a case than can bo resriatcred, and tht-rc ia nothing in the Act to require that verbal salea ahall be evidenced by some written document: Kaiiouf v. Oumev ( lHf).'>), 4 H.C.R. 144. If a document were intended a« part of the bargain to paan the property, then, in w.iatever form it was, it might l)e deemed a bill of Bale : Charb-aworth v. Mills. (18i)21 A.C. 2:11. But if the liargain waa complete without it, so that the pro- pirty passed independently of it, then registration is not re- quired, though the cl ittcls are suffered to remain in the vendor's apparent poasemion. and are in fact relet to him by the pur- cliHstr in writing: Ksnouf v. (Jurney, 4 B.C.K. 144: Ramsay v. Margrett. [1894] 2 Q.B. 18; North Central v. MHMciie.ster, ).') (h.D. 191, 20"), 1.1 App. Cas. .V>4; Re Watson, 2.j (^.B.D. 27. :l.'l. Occupation may be of var>'ing degrees; if a man pays rent iiiid ta.xes for a building, he may ordinarily be said to oi-cupy it. jilfhough he is never present; but not if he has absconded: Hrackman v. McLaughlin (1894), .1 B.C.R. 26.'). The meaning to be attributed to the term, as u.sed in the .\(t, is limited to that occupation which is a personal posses- sion either by the debtor or his agent. "Whenever the debtor has liiid free access to, and use of the chattels assigned, then they have l»een held to be in the apparent posse8.sion of the assignor: /" /• Drake. J., ib., at p. 267. "Formal possession" means nothing more than nominal pos- session: Brackman v. McLaughlin (1894), .1 B.C.R. 26-'). As "lure the grantor went in and out of the place where the sjoods \M re, at his pleasure, and although a man had been put in pos- M s.sion. nothing more was done than to tell the clerk not to re- iiiiive the goods (Seal v. C'laridge, 7 (^.B.!). filB) ; or where a iiiui is put in possession of fumit>ire in a residence, not inter- ! litii; with or removing it. and the assignor continued to live 11 iiii' house and >we the furniture as before: Fix parte Ilooman, I l{. Ill Eq. 6.1: Kx parte Lewis, L.R. 6 Ch. App. 626. Haiiiwiy v. Margrett, [18941 1 Q.B. 18. is a deei.Hion of till' Court of Appeal under the English Bills of Sales Act, 1878 II % ' i B I! " I : i|: !^1 is ' I ! I it ; t ii If ^11 IMi llll.l^ OK »\\.K AM) ( IIATTKI. MuKTil \4ir.H. i-tt & 42 Vii-t. ell. :il ). iiihI iiiaMiiiui-h hn tliiit Act ilitft-m in iiiHn\ ri'Kix-i'tH from tin- <>iitiii-i<> Act. it in Noiiu'wIiHt iliftifiilt to appls KiiKli^lt i-aH<'M ill tlu* t'oiiHtriU'tioii of tlic Itittrr Aot. In ttii> rcspt'ct tlif liritiMli ('oliiiiiliiH Act iM in imti mnhri'i uiili the liii|»TiHi Act. Hiiil therefore Hiinceptihle of the Miiiiie coiiNlnii' tioii. The trHiiMaction in ({iH'Ntioii itroiM- iN-twecn hushiiiitl iiii'l wife, who Were livinir toifether. The hiiNlmiMl whh in .eiiiliiir rawMHl circuniMtHtici"*. hikI hiH wife, in onh-r to einihle riim t<> pHV Nome of hi)« ilehtN, ityreeil to hliv hin hoilHehohl fnrilitill>' Hhe pHJil him the HtipulHtiHJ purchiise monev. and took ii i-' ceipl therefor, which wound up with the words, referrintf li> llu chattclM. "which I now ackiiowlcdu;e are now altsoliitclv hei' lirupertv." No formal delivery of poMNeHsion of the |foo4l.s t(Hik place, which n-mained in the houw. and were uwd h\ IiihIuiii'I and wife as In'fore the aale. I'nder mw. 4 of the Kinriinh Aii t'ver.N' "receipt for purchane monev of t(ooeen soltl to the wifi- thi'v wen- sei»'d in exeeii tion at the suit of one of the hushand's creditors, and. Iieiii ' claimc)! hy the wife, an interpleader issue was directed, which h,i- tried hefore Wriifht, .1., who decided it in favour of the wii. and from his decision the appeal was had to the Court of .\|' peal (Lord Ksher. M.K., an. wli" anirmed his decision, on the ground tliat tin- receipt in this (M"'' was not a hill of sale within the Act, because it was not inteinli .1 to he nor did it operate as an assurance of the goods. And Lurl Ksher and Davey, L..I.. were also of opinion that the wife hjil i sufficient pos.ses8ion of the goo, or statutes similar to it, it would be held that there h.ni . such a case, been such an actual and continual cliaiitre nl' ^i- session a to satisfy that Act: see Snarr v. Smith, 4.'> I .<'(^i i; l.')6: see :t(l ('.L..I. .V)6. A hypothecation not*' recitinjr an undertaking to IniM ' shipment of goods in trust for the lender, is a dec'laralioii "i trust without transfer and liable to the registration provisions unless the goods have not arrived at the date of the exts'Utioii. i> i n Tilt: HHITISII (III IM. « MT. •-»:»7 to roiiii- willii.. tin- i-xiM'|itioti iih "to |{ li(K)k ot' iiii iiuctioiii'cr, in i'oin|iliiiii<'f with hcc. 17 of tlii- StHtiitc of KrainU L'ovi'rniiiK rontriictM I'or tin- shIc of koo(U the hitler'H piiymeiit to Ihe NherilT nf the Hiiioiint for wliieii the kooiIh hiul iH-eii Meixed is not iin "iissiiriinee" or ii "liecnM*' to (jike pnHxesHion," or in .iny other reNptH-t II hill of Hiile within the KiikIinIi Aet : ( 'hiirleswurth v. MillM. |lf-red un- ilrr a NiinilHr proviNion eontaintHJ in the Merehant Shipping; Alt: riiioii Hank of London v. l/i-vanton, :) (*.IM). 24;<. The wordx ■"traiiNfer of koS»i. .\ chattel mortgaK'*' covering a slm-k-in-trade and liook delits iiirhiijes the hook dehts orikrinaily assigned to the niortjiaLror liy tile person of whom tiiey were purcha.sed : Hohiii.son v. Kmpcv. 1" M.C.R. 4t) tile trustee in bankruptcy for damages occasioned by the niii way so acting. I'hillimore. J., dismissed the action, fl9()Si , K.B. 195. The majority of the Court of Appeal (Cozens-Haniy. Mil., and Buekiey. L.J.) reversed his decision, on the group I that the agreement in question amounted to a bill of sale. ,iii I was void for want of regist.-ation (Moulton. L.J., dissentin.' . 1 19()8| -2 K.B. 54. The majority of the Hoase of Lords > l-m Is Lorebuni. L.C.. and Lords Macnaghten and Atkinson) hav, i .stored tlie judgment of I'hillimore, J.. Lord.s Collins ^n.i Robertson dissenting. In the result therefore there were ! .luilgts ill favour of tin- defendants and four in favour oi' ti .■ plaintiffs. The majority of the Lords regarded the agreeiih'ii: is in (rteet one for the continuance of the cJirriers' lien, nolu.:h .sfHiidiiij; the delivery of tiie goods. The minority, on tln' ot;- r luiiiil, eoiisideivd that the carriei-s' lien was at an end as s .ii '■«ri THE BRITISH COI.TMBIA ACT. 239 H8 delivery was made, and tliat any agreement for a lien there- after must be rejrarde e!l. -. sec. i). See sec. 11 of the Ontario Act. ff -1 r ' ■ • 1 i If} :■ ' . ' I ' -. «'.' l:i. ml: ' m J 1 , iM ;i t !^ 1.11^^ .1 i:! W\ 240 BILUS OF SALE AND CIIATTEI, M()RT(JAUES. Trade Kaohinery. 4. From niul (iftcr the t'iKlith day of April, liK)"), trade inadi- inery shall, for the purposes of this Act, he deemed to l)e pci-- soiial ehattels, and any mo">i^.intrm?eServ?:t^affixed ;:;LTi^r'';«-r"-' If— BILLS or SALf. i . ! is: M fM IM ' I,: Hi J'- >. M }'■ ! li 1 1^ BIS ' ■ Mil IJlM: il ;i i' i !f'i I I i It ^1 If lit. 242 BILLS OK SALE AND CHATTKL MORTGAGES. mortgwgee, under the circumstances, was entitled to the fixtures. Kekewich, J., on the authority of Re Yates, :W Ch. I). IJS. held that he was, Iwing of opinion that t. '-ecification of fix- tures, which would have passed under a col a-^ iuce of the laiui itself without any reference to the fixture, did not differ thi- case from Re Yates, where the fixtures were not specified; Imt distinguished it from Small v. National Provincial Bank ( 1894 1 , 1 Ch. 686, where the fixtures were specified and the mortpapfo was expressed to cover not only fixtures, but also "movabh " plant and machinery there or thereafter placed on the premises. Part of the fixtures in question had been sold, and it was alli'jtiil that out of the proeeecls more fixtures had In^en placed on tin- mortgaged premises, and it was held that, although the mort- gagees were entitled to the proceeds of the sale, yet that tiny were not also entitled to the fixtures which had been substituteil : see 30 C.L.J. 708 ; see also sec. 6 of this Act (post). The phrase "deemed to be a bill of sale" has been constni>il to make the instruments to which it is applied bills of sale lor the purpose of registration, and not for all purposes of tin' Act (Green v. Marsh, 2 Q.B.D. 3:}0) ; and by analogy a similar construction might probably be placed on the expnssimi "deemed to be personal chattels," or to similar expressions in the Act. The pledging of a contractor's plant and materials as sir- urity for the completion of the work, without intending an ali- solute sale does not require registration: Clancy v. Grand Tniiik Pae. R. Co., 1.') B.C.R. 497. Kitchen supplies and utensils are not the plant materials or other things provided for railway eon.struetion work : Ihi'l. Rules of Construction; Agreements with Power of Distress 5 ^>-ery attornment, iniitrument, or agreement, not 1" ni.' .i m ' ase, whereby a power of distress is given or agnoil to be giv..u by any person to any other person by way of scoiu ty for any present, future, or contingent debt or advance, ami ■whereby any rent is reserved or made payable as a modi nf providing for the payment of interest on such debt or a.lvanpi\ or otherwise for the purpose of such security only, shall be deemed to be a bill of sale within the meaning of thi.s Ased to the mortgagor as his tenant at a fair and rea sonable rent: 1905, ch. 8, sec. 5. I'ower of Distress. In Re Roundhead Colliorv Co., [18971 l n. •«-< were lessees from separate lesson^ nV 1 V- • " ''•^'"Pany joining coal mines. A^ml B Cach of h"; ''""'^ "^ '"« «^- served power to d strain for JnV ^ ^'"^ ^'"^ ^^'^'^ '"*"■ tels belLging to the 1 Lt T h? r^'T' °"'-^' "P"" ^'h*^*- oaehatt.>lsb:io„gh!^toThrie^eL on •'";«: T^''''' '"* '''' I'ouring collieries "The propTrr o th ' ''"'""''^ "^ "*''»'^- as security for certain dcKS i^ed "v' thT ^^ '""^1 befon. any effective proceedinT^a jT ., company and security, and while ft ^S 'T^.T^p!T l'^ sor. ot „une B levied a distress on cha tds oJ £' . ■" mine A, and the next ,1i,v th,. ^^"""tis ot the lessees in liquidation and a r?^ ver was anST 7^ "'° ^■"'""*«'->' do..entur.holde™. A Lti:n^rtr JJ t ^^ ^i ^j! restrain the distress undo.- Mio r^,, • . ^^nriing, J. to It on the ground that tho i.>„ . '' ."«*«'^ntiess restrained ^luuuu iiiai ine iea.se came within tii.^ ij:!! /. r-. , Aet and was void for non-registrati" . huth. Court if A ^"'^ were unable to adopt the latter view and he d tint 1 . ^^"""^ not affected by the Bills of Sale Aet and h. T ''''' l.n., J., was therefore reversed : 1 33 c^.j! 4^"'°" '' "'''- Fixtures and Growing Crops. Act to be separately assigned or charged by reason onh t. ! they are assigned by separate words, o! that po " is " .. f -ver them from the land or building to whiclf th v Z m , or ^.om the land on which they gro^ with^ J!!;^:; ^1:^^ I: il i 'i '' : '. r i fit I ?= i ft t 1 if \ t i ■I II. ] I illij ■ 'f ■ '• 5 3! : ^ ■ : '11 ^ii -m 244 BH.l.x OP SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAUES. , poKNcssion of or dfaliiiK with Rueh land or biiildinir, or liind il' by thf same instrument any freehold or h'asehohl intercHt in the land or buildinjr to which sueh fixtures are aflfixed, or in tin' land on whivh the erops ^row, is al/i iiy of them, are compri.sed in .such bill of sale, or iin : r any assif:nment for tln' benefit of the creditors of -i ii person; and (6) As rgainst all Sheriffs and Sheriff's otticers an. I i'":'.' persons seizing any chatteLi compri.sed in .such 1 :'.^ 'i' .sale in the execution of any process of execution ii *■ fully sued out of any Court of competent jutis.ii •, ii in that behalf authorizing the seizure of the cliMi: !- "t the person by whom or of \vho.se chattels sucli 1 i i <-'i .sale shall have been made or given; and (c) As against every person by whom or on whose '-c.ilt sueh process shall have been issued ; and »ffT THE BRITISH roMMIilA ACT. 245 (d) A8 -gainst .sul.H...,„,.,„ l,on,; /,,/, purd.Hs.-r.s ,„■ ,„,.rt- gajrces tor VHliiahlt- consideration,— »)e null and voi.I to all intents and purposes wha.scver so far as regards the prop,.rty in or ri.^ht to the possession of anv chattels comprised in such hill of sale which at or after the ..nc ot the execution l.v the debtor of such assi..„„ent for the hcnetit of h.8 cnM.tors, or of the ex-n-ution of such process of execution as aforesaid, or of such puivhase or mortgage, as the case Miay he. and after the expiration of the time hereinafter prescr.he,l. shall he in the possession, or apparent passe.si„n. of the person making and giving such hill of sale, or of anv „er son a.an.st whom the proc.^s .hall have issued under or in th' execution ot which such hill of sale shall have n made or given, as the case may Im-: 190,5. ch. 8. sec. 7, sub-siH.- (1) See sees. 6. 7. 8, of the Ontario Act. ynliflify vflmtnmnU a;/ainst Cnditors .,,!!;;■ .-."yrx,""" ■" """•■ » >«'"''■ ■"■'"""■^"^ '•>■ *■. ,ha, ,h, „,„., co„,'"„, .i.M'c, ., .' ;i;;;::;r;r;,'° .«.■ h.. ™*,h..,«,l„„,.„,. L«i Hop V. .J,*,, ira ■'i,"f K- lt'8: Mackay v. Dongas, LR U Fn Kii;. p 1 .. ' 19 Ch.D. 588. ^' • '^^ '""^'' liiissell, yraiiduhnf Pnfcrcnccs. n. oh. 94), under which it has recently been liel.l that a '•I '««. m ii I' ilit 246 BU.I.S OF HALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAUES. ■? n if 5 i III J bom fide dt-mand by a creditor upon his insolvent debtor for payment or security is pressure suflficient to rebut any intVr- cnce of "intent to prefer" in the execution of a bill of sale l.y way of mortgage given in response to 'he demand, and that tliV bill of sale was valid: Hrown v. Jowett (18!)')), 4 B.C.K. 44: jiikI see Stephens v. McArthur, 19 Can. S.C.R. 446. It is settled law that « mortgage given by a debtor who i.s unable to pay his debts in full is not void as a preferenee it given as the result of pressure and for a bond fide debt, if tli,- mortgagee is not aware of the debtor being in insolvent einiiin stances: Stewart v. Wilson (18!)4), 3 H.C.R. 369, per Dnike. ,(.; Molsons Bank v. Halter, 18 Can. S.C.R. 88, 95; Stephens v. .Mc- Arthur, 19 Can. S.C.R. 446; Gibbons v. McDonald, 20 Ciin S.C.R. 587; Doll v. Hart, 2 H.C.R. 32. Where the grantee under a bill of sale took posw-ssion of rlic goods, consisting of the contents and fittinfffl of a Uikery cniii,.! on by the grantor in a Imilding di.stinct from his resiilencf. juid engaged a former employee of the grantor to work for him. this employee holding the key of the premises, it was held thnt th premises were not "occupied by" the grantor, who had nli- sconded from the province, and were not in his "apparent |mis session," aIthouf;h his name had not been removed from Mi.' door: Hrackman v. McLaughlin (1894). 3 H.C.R. 265. The fact of the debtor being tenant of the premises in v.iii.li the goods were, is insutTieient if he had ceased to be the Mrtuu' occupier: Jbid. See also detinition of "apparent possession," of scetii'ii !. and notes thereto. The qm-stion is. if anyone went thtn- ucuM he conclude that the debtor was in sole possi'ssion : pi r Dr.k . J., in Hraekman v. McLaughlin. 3 H.C.R., at p. 268. The policy of this .section is to compel the registrntioii nf bills of sale in ca.s(« where the property remains in the pos-,, - sion of the grantor, for the better protection of creditei-s. .iini property of which possession is delivered is not affected Ky t: Math»>son v. Pollock (1893), 3 B.C.R. 74; Fisher on Moriirn-'s, 1st ed., 20. A creditor who had ' imself advised in respect to iuid li 1 1 drawn a bill of sale has no lotus st( ndi to attack the bill oi !•• as fraudulent against cn'ditors. he b<'ing the only cn-ditur md on the evidence the transaction being perfectly baud fid< : I'" d?- bee v. Rolls, 4 B.C.R. 137. lill THE BRITISH COM'MBIA ACT. 247 Time and Place of Begiitration. 8. Every bill of sale, or a true copy thereof, shall, within the pencil of five .lays in eases where the goods referrt-d to therein are withm the corporate limits of a city or town in which is situate an office of the County Court prescribe,! for the rejris- tration of bills of sale, an.l in ail other eases within a period of twenty-one days after the making thereof next ensuing be re- gistered by the filing of such bill of sale or copy thereof! as the case may be, together with such affidavits m are herein n-quired ... the County Court registrj- of such county or ph.ee within which the chattels referred to and dealt with in and bv such bill of sale are situate, as hereinaffr mentioned, tliat is tosay :_ For the County of Vietoria-J„ the office of tb,. Registrar of the County Court at Victoria: For the County of Nanaimo-I„ the office of the Registrar of the County Court at Nanaimo: For the County of Vancouver-ln the office of the Registrar of the County Court at Vancouver : For the County of Atlin, except that part thereof eontaine.l withm the following boundaries: Commencing at a point on the boundary-line between Alaska Territory and British Columbia at the height of land separating the waters flowing .south into Stikine river from the waters flowing north into the Taku river; fheiiee follow- >i.J? said height of land northerly an.l easterlv to a point on the sixtieth parallel at its interseetio,, with the one hundred and thirtieth meridian; thence due west along the sixtieth parallel to its intersection between Alaska Territory and British Columbia; thence south «".! east following the said boundary to the point of commencement-In the office of the Registrar of the Lounty Court at Prince Rupert: For the remainder of the County of Atlin-I„ the office of the Registrar of the County Court at Vancouver : ' iM- 'Y ! ' i ( le ,1 i* il 248 BILLS or 8ALE AND CHATTEL MORTUAOES. n . IV I IJ \ nr For th.' (oiuity of Wfstiniuuter— In the office of the Regis- trar of the County Court at New Weatminater: For the County of Cariboo— In the office of the Regiatrar of the County Court at Clinton: For tlie (Jrand Forks Mining I)iviaion-In the offlee of thr Regiatrar of the County Court at Gruml Forks: For the (ireeuwoo.! Mining Division— In the office of thr Rejristrar of the County Court at Oreenwoo tricf lyintr north of a line cominencinjj at a point on ;';, western bouii.iary of the said Columbia Klectoral Dismm which is the source of Hugaboo Cr.-ek; th.-nc.- .■is!. !> following the line of Hugaboo (Jr.-ek to fhi- moiiili nf said creek; thence due east to the boundary of the I'ro- !« THE BRITISH COLIMBIA ACT. 049 vince-.-„ tl... offlc... or tl... K..»fi.,n.r <,f ,|.,. Countv Court at Ool.leii: ' For that part of the County of Kootenay l,..i„g „,.. terri- tory eoverea F.y ,h«, portion of th.- Uolu.nbia Electoral I^istnot lying south of «„i.| )i,u._i„ t,,e office of the Registrar of the County Court at Wilmer For that part „f the County of K.K>tenay l.i„g „,, „,ri- ory ooveredhy the Cranhrook Kl..,oraI .,i,triet-In he office of the Heg.«tr«r of the County Court at Cran- brook : For that part of the County of Kootenay l.ei„g ,„, ,,,, tor, c.overe.| ,y the Fernie Kh^toral l)i.tric,-In the office ot the IH-mtrar of the County C„„rt at Fernie- Hr the remainder of the County of Kootenay-F„ .h- .^ee of the Kegwtrar of the County Court at Hev, ITovi.le.l. however, that th.- Leutenant-Ooveruor-in-C^ .„eil -.V tro.n tune to tin.e .uh.livi.le or alter the sai.l diatril I ;••- - tor the registration of bills of sale in the o»«ee If ..astrar of a County Court for a district or at a place dirte '^ *••<-. thos.. above mentioned: !!)...-, eh. 8. a.., 7, sub-s... (2) h'ti/ist radon and Filing I'-ti.,g then, in due ordain hnrour offin ^-^'f ''' ''"■ r.o.r- uniforml^^in^lies .riti^ : ^. t^o^^^S. .Mun,l..l, 6u Te^244 Hut rV V' f''- '''' ^'•°'"^- ^ • i.lm.^-- i ' ■' t , • ^•*' '''^'^ " "■«« *"-"^l that an avenuent of t (' i -; I ' if 1: 1 u If ■V : mI ^1 < I lij, I 7 II- iff if f u : '.\ ', ; . ' ! 1 ;ii i ' 1 i ! i i ! i 250 B1LL8 ur MALE AM> CUATTIX MOKTUAUt;t4. 1 corded" within the meauing of a redemption atalute:" lu- ternational L. ina. Co. v. i;fcalea, 27 Wia. 64U; Ik-onto Co. v. Jtr- r^rd, 4() Wia. 317 ; see note to a«v. lU Nova iSeotia Act. l'u»»i»»iun by Grantic. Whuru the guoda cuuipriited iu a bill oi atde are witbiu Jl da>H atur ita execution bow Jidi taken poaaeaaion of by tliu Kruutee, the Act doea no* apply, and it ia iuimateriul ivuii though the bill ol aale wua giveu aubject to a defedlance not eoutuiucil iu it : Met'lary Mfjf. to. v. ilowland, l* li.VM. 47U. Change in Begiitration Dittricti. 8. Save ua in this Act preacrik'd, the registration diMtricts estaliliahed, or ht-rcafter to Ik.- eutublishetl, ithall not be altt nil by any change that may iiereut'ter be made in the counties, di ,•■ toral districts, or mining divisions thereon mentioned: IHOj, eh. 8, see. 7, sub-m-e. (\.i). See note to sec. 3 of Sask. Sales Act. Chattels Situated in Different Begiitration Diitricti. 10. If the chattels comprised in and dealt with, or purport iig fo he dealt with or effected hy, any bill of sale shall he sltii .te partly within the limits of one County Court registrj- and r'.i'tly in one or more other County Court registries, it shall only W neeessarj- to register such hill of sale in one such rearistry. fuit the person effeetine such resistration shall, at the time thir.nf, furnish such number of full and complete copies of the l>ill of sale and affidavits as may be necessary to the Registrar in whns' office rcffistrafion shall be e^'pcted, and such Rejrisfriu sliill forward one such copy, verifitd by him in the Form H. in tli(> Schedule to this Act, to each registrv in which such bill of sale would, but for this provision, require to b«' registered. :i> he there filed and the sum of one dollar shall be paid to the Rfiris- trar for each certificate of verification : 1905, ch. 8, sec. 7, sub- see. (4). THE iWITIMII (tiLlMHIA ACT. to j:>l AfldaTit of AttMtiBf WitBCM. 11. To every bill „f „I. or eopy then-of, m th.- .««.. ,„„v !«.. to which thi. Act applicH ther.. -hall b.. ann-x.-.l an Hfll.lavit m«.le by th.. att^ting witn.-.sH. or on., of th,. aftoHtinR wit,...«e« to the execution of .uch hill of ««],. i.|..„,if.vin« ,„,h Ml of «al..' or copy. a. the caa.- „.„y (h-. „„d ^.t,i„^ fo^h the tinu- of m.ch iHll of ««1.. »H.inK ma.le or Kivn, and a .|.-Hcription of the rrsi.]. .".•.■ or plaee of hunineHH an.l oeenpatiou of the peraon making ami K.VU.K the aa.ne. a .k^eri,,tion of the re.i.Ienee or plae- of buHineM ami ad-li^-a. of every atteHting witnea.. and. in eaae •;""■'' '•'" '"^ ■"''♦' "•'•'" ' '"-'■• or Kiv-n by any peraon un.l.r or '" exet.ut.on of a..y pr.H-eaa of ex.vution. a .l.^eription of th. resulenee and ..tion of the person aRains, uho.n sueh pro- C..H ahall have i. .-d. Kvery aueh aftidavit ,nny be in the Korn. A eonta.ned .n th,- .Sehedule ;o thin Act. vvi.i. sueh variations as .ireumstanoea may r^iuire, -l-rovided. that where mu-h bill of s^ile .s mad., by an incorporated eou.pany. an afti.lavit in the tor,,. K .n the aehe.lule to this Act, with a„eh variations as ei.- ju.,.sta..ees ,.u.y require, shall be attaeF.ed to the Han.e. and sueh la.st.,..e„t.o,.e,l afthlavit may bo ...ade by the president, vie.- I.res„|..nt, director, niana^er. s.vretary, „r other officer of the icm.pany duly authorize.! l„,..s,.eh purpose :-l!tor, eh ?^ 7 sii1ks.h.. (.-,); „,„., 2 Geo. V. (11)12, ,.|,. j. ^,.,. ;; ' ■ ' • ' V-itiility of Affhlai-it. >^ee .see. 8 of the Ontario Act. I'diiiii rshi/).'!. T^:)^, 'XT I"- "^^ ■'''■■ ^^« '■"""■ ''•''■"*»": ^ ' «.' "■ s. ^. M} ■ Mc( omb.p v. I)avi..s. 6 East 3:iS See note to Sask. Act. sec 1 1 The form i« as follows: -Sul^erib..,! to .nd sworn before me this day of A.D.. 19 *l i I" ' If I 1! r. L. ill ;i 252 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. t» nil Although it is preferal)!.- that the place where the affidavit IS sworn should be inserted, such is not neces.sary under tins Act. and it will l>e preauuind— from the fact that the office adiiiinistepinsr the oath was a commissioner for taking affidavits in British Columbia— that he acted within the territorial limits of his authority, and not elsewhere: Hrown v. Jowett (18!).-)) 4 B.C.H. 44: French v. Hell.'w. 1 M. & S. :}(>2; Meek v. War.l "lo Hare i09: Refjma v. Atkinson, 17 I'.C.C.P. 29"); Kx parte John son. 50 L.T.X.S. 214. It was held, under the Ontario Act, that the affidavit of hn„„ fides need not be made on the dav the mortfrage is e.xeciitid Perry v. Rattan. 1(1 T.^.t^.n. 6:57. The omission of the date and the words "before m.'" lien, the jurat of an affidavit accompanyinjr a bill of sale is an m validating defect which cannot lie supplied by parol evid.iuv Archibald v. Ilnbley. 18 Can. S.C.R. IIC. See note to sec. 7 Alberta Sales ^'"t. and sec. 11 Sitsk A.t see also text, ch. XIIl. Stokes V. Spencer. |1!»()()1 2 Q.M. 48;t, was a rather uiiiis,,;,! ease touching the validity of a bill of sale. An uniuani.,! woman named Ott lived with a man named Spencer, whose 11,11,1,. she assumed. After his death she continued to be known ,,.. Mrs. Spencer, and whilst so known sh.- executed a bill of s,;!,- in her name of Ott, and without any r.'ference to her assuiiir.i name. Its validity was attacked by a creditor of Mrs Speii,. 1 Grantham, and Channell. J.J., held, that the bill of sal,. n:i> valid, as then- is nothing in the Knglish liills of Sale Act iv- quiring the grantor's correct name to lie mentioned in tli,' 1 ■ gLster: see :)(> C.L.J. 702. Since there is no lef:al oblij,'ation binding upon a IhisIkhi 1 to repay a sum of money which he liat.n, the creditors of .said ,-rantor from ohtainin,. pavment n„y ela.m against him; an.l the said affidavit shall b.". fil.d j «t tlie sai.n.il, of sale. 0,1..^^^^^^ o sale shall IH. voul. This section shall not apply to the s " -1- ;"-t.one.l in section r.-. WOr,, ch. 8, sec. 7, sub-see. ''^' : I'.IOS. eh. 6, sw. 5. Initials as to Sums. tll-'Urttlr",' h" °'' "■"'" *•"** ''' ""'''''' ^""' «•"« <>'"^ ^•••'"" mortgagor to the mortgagee, and a covenant hy the „,ort- :h ■ 3, m I . Si' 1;., 1 !;| r Hi' iM Mi' I I ^1 1 1 ■ t HI 1 1 U V iiii^ ill^ 254 BILLS OF SALE A^^D CHATTEL MORTGAGES. gagor to pay that sum and also any other sum which, on takin- account might appear to be due thereon, does not operate as an estoppel against a claim that the debt due at the date of the bill of sale was larger than the sum therein recited : Rithet v Beaven, 5 B.C.R. 457. "Where the money consideration as set forth in a bill of sal- has been actually i)aid to the grantor, it is not necessary to r.f.r to the payment off of a prior bill of sale out of the proceeds Re Davies. Ex p. Equitable Ins. Co., 77 L.T. 567. A statement in a bill of sale that it is granted "in considera- tion ot a sum of £90 now due and owing" does not tnil.v .... forth the consideration for which it Ls given, within the nuan- mg of sec. b of the Imperial Act, 1882. when the grantor al- ready owe-s Ui) of the £90 to the granfe.-, and onlv receivs tl„. additional £oO on execution of the hill of sale: Davies v .1,1, kins. (1900] 1 Q.B. 1.33. The consideration for a bill of sale is none the le.ss trulv s, t forth to be -'now paid" because part is applied bv the irraiit... in pursuance of a contemporaneous agreement in retiiin^ i current promissory note upon which the grantor and grant,v"]uv jointly and severally liable: Re Wiltshire Ex p. Eyiioii, |i;)tii) 1 y.B. 96. distinguishing Richardson v. Harris, 22 Q.IU). l'i;-< Incorporated Company. 14. If any bill of sale ius aforesaid be made to an inoorpor.it. .1 company, the several affidavit.s and statements in the last pn,, 1- ing section mentioned may l)e made by the president, vie- pr.s,. dent, secretary, manager, or assistant manager, or a dinri,.r ..t •siieli grantee company, or any other officer of tli,- eoiniMdv authorized for such purpas.- 1905. ch. 8, sec. 7, sul.-s,r 7 1908, ch. 6, sec. 4. Substituted Bill of Sale. 16. "Where a subsequent bill of sale is e.xeeut-Ml aft.r tii ex.-cution of a i)rior unregisten-d bill of sale, and compri.s. . ,il! or any part of the personal chattels compri.sed in such priur bill of .sale, then, if .such subsequent bill of sale is given .> a security for the same debt as is secured by the prior MI! ..f sale, or for any part of such debt, it shall, to'the extent to uh .-b ■^i|| THE BRITISH COLLMBIA ACT. 255 it is a security for the same debt or part thereof, and so far as respects the personal chattels, or part thereof, comprised in the prior bill, be absolutely void, unless it is proved to the satisfac- tion of the Court having cognizance of the case that the subse- quent bill of sale was bond fide given for the purpose of correct- ing some material error in the prior bill of sale and not for the purpose of evading this Act.- 1!)05, ch. 8, sec. 7, sub-sec. (9). Priorities. 16. Every bill of sale which hereafter shall be registered in accordance with the provisions hereof shall, subject to the pro- visions hereof, have and take precedence and priority over any unre!?istered bill of sale of the same chatt s: 1905, ch. 8, sec. 7, sub-sec. (10). Assi^ments. 1." A. transfer or assignment of a registered I, of sale need not be registered: 1905, ch. 8, sec. 7. sub-see. (11). Cumulative Bills of Sale. 18. In case two or more bills of sale are given, comprisins in wiiol... or i., part any of the same chattels, ihey shall have prior- ity in the order of the date of their registration respectively as regards such chattels: 1905, ch. 8, see. 9. Defeasance or Condition. 19. If the bill of sale is made or given subject to any de- f.iisiiner or condition or declaration of trust not con-iined in tue body thereof, such defeasance, eon.lition, or declaration shall be deemed to he part of the bill, and shall be written on the same paper or parchment therewith before the registration, and shall be truly set forth in the original or copy filed under this Act therewith, and as part thereof, otherwise the registration shall be void: 1905, ch. 8, sec. 8. ('"Hdilwn or Ihfui.iancc. This section follows verbatim sub-sec. .1 of sw-. 10 of the Im- IHn..l Act. 1878. Thas, if a bill of sale is .subj.-et to a c. lu- ff: ' .' ( ; f , ! i.i I- -It! ' if! I. '! ,! :i ■Sir " ■ ill r III (Hi; ill; ■ :' •il 1^ ^:uu i 1 : . uTl 256 BIM.S OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGACiES. dition or dcfoasanoi' not contained in th'> body tluTt'of. nor written ou the same paper therewith as required liy this section, the rejristration of the hill of sale is void; and if the defeasance or condition is one which is not in accordance with the form in the schedule to this Act, not only is tlie bill of sale void in re- spect of tl " chattels comprised therein under sec. 8 of the Act 1882 (similar to sec. 7 of British Cohnubia Act), but under sec. !) ( 1882), of the Imperial Act it is void in toto, so that a coven- ant by the grantor contained therein for the payment of in- terest at a c>'rtain rate is void as a<;aiust him: Smith v. White- man. 1190!)] 2 K.H. 487. Where a bill of sale absolute in form is gi\en, which, .ic cording to the evidence, the parties intended when it was ^'iveii should be effectual only a.s a mortfrage, it is a mortgage w-"- all the incidents of one, and the condition of defeasance not . < lii,' embodied in it, it becomes void under this section: Jlathes-n v. Pollock (18!);5), -.1 H.C.R. 74. Similarly where a chattel mortgajre is given to secure a pni- missory note of $72."). amount of overdue account, and it was admittedly agreed at the time the mort^'age was given that it \v;is done on condition that if if^MO were paid the mortgaire shoiiM be (.'iven up. but no such condition was written in the docu- ment, and therefore void: Doll v Han, 2 H.C.R. .'{2. It is immaterial that the bill of sale was given sub.ject to a condition not contained therein, where pos.se.ssion of the troods is bulla ti(l( taken within 21 days after the execution of the bill of sale: McClary Mfj;. Co. v. Ilowlan.l, !» H.C.R. 47!). Protection of Creditors. 20. Every creditor of the grantor of a bill of sale may, t'rom time to time, in writing, require the grantee of such bill of silr to furnish a full statement of the accounts as l)etween the gi:iii- tor and grantee of such bill of sale: — (1) Such demand for an account shall be accompanied \>y :i statement shewing in full the accounts as Ix'tween the gniiitoi' of the bill of sale and the applicant, and that the relationship of debtor and creditor exists between them, which statement sli;ill be verified by a declaration pursuant to the "Canada Evideru^' Act:" I:' mr ?.i- TlIE BRITISH (OMMBH Vcr ,-- bill of sale shall h' K, L , 'T '"" '"'''"''''''"' '' ^'-' tl'irtv cents ,0^0 T '""°" ''"""""'•"^ »"" — .>e.i-r. of ti::;:!;: ^""" '"■•""" ""•• ""'""^"''-- -"- '•'J) The srantec of anv hill nf ..i -» »'-.n' ot.: ';:■:,:,,,:' rr. r- '■••Ml.' or Coiiiifv f •«„... "iKiJsf ot the Sup- f-tlK or for an, ot „ / : ^"'^ ;V'"^ -'"" '•" ^o«<' sNcli .leman.I ami t, n ,r , ''*^''*^ oec-ioned hv ••«-;« '.:r:r;,;;':i,'r::;',r''' '-'^- ^'"y'">''or or eomniis- .-"-" or Dominion ?'onrtfo;ro;; "";' """"• '" ^''^ '-- '-'' '-y la«- to administer on 0.; •i..'' ^""^'»'«"'"--V ""thor- ""■ so .hKdarat.-on of anv n,^ "7 ""*''"'•• •"^>- '•"<'"'^" ''.'■''"'■'• •""'• i» the for a follow r-'; ^T "•""'■"•^- '-"^"'^ -..^ '■"" o'-H-.y writing, deed or in/'; f*"^"^*'"" "? t''- .'X.vn- '-^orofanyaeeL^^lJ^Lrn;:;;;::.!!'''''*-^^^ <'iinada. \ IVovine,. of Hritish ColmMl.i.-, I I wit : I WVect as if T„ .•„?". :;■'"'' """ '* '-^ "*■ •'"' ^'""'- for-:. Evidence Act '"'■ ""''■■ '""' '•>■ ^•''•^"" «f tl- <-H..ada I r a :il- ^1 liJ' ill . ^-1 M i 1 if ■ 3 .' i I n ! 238 BII-I-S OF !ter. 21. Within one month from the date of the execution of any bill of sal.', any Judge of the Supreme Court, on being satisfied by affidavit that the omission to register a biU of sale within tlio time prescribed by this Act, or to file the affidavit of hona fidrs. as required by sections l:{ or 14, or the omission or mis-statement of the name, residence, or occupation of any person, was acci dental or due to inadvertence, may, in his discretion, order siuli omission or mis-statement to be rectifie.l by the insertion in the register of the true name, residence, or occupation, or by extending the time for such registration, on such terms aiid con .litions (if any) as to security, notice by advertisement or otln r wise, or as to any other matter as he thinks tit to direct ; an.l m the case of an extension of tune being granted, such order sinill be without prejudice to the rights of parties acquired prior to the actual date of registration. An olfice copy of any onl r made as aforesaid shall Ik; ann.-xed to the bill of sale or Mn.v copy thereof, as the ease may be, and registered thc-re«iil.; li>(>r>. ch. 8. sec. 11 ; am. •2 (ieo. V. (l!»12i ell. -2. .sec. 4. I'viii)- of UnHjication. The amendment to si-c. 21 is practically an euactm.-ut ol ili ■ principle cnumiated in Ke Ellis & Co., 14 li.C.K. 271, wl.civ it was hehl that the order exleniling the time of registration slioiu.l contain a provision protecting intervening rights: see also C ivw V. Cummings, 21 y.li.D. 42U. The power of rectification of the •• register " by thus section is limiteil by its description in set-. 25 (1) providing lor a .!■• scription in the register of the party making the bill ol >aR, and that the term -any person" must be limited to the pari> giving the bill of sale and not to the attesting witness or uii nesseT. Therefore, a Judge has no power, in the case of au m- r¥\ THE BRITISH COM-.MHIA ACT. O.-.O mlvrtent OMiission to dm-ribo th. ivsi.l.'nc.. an.l occupation of «.. H testing- witne.., to allow a supplnn-ntal affi 'la^Ito b Si " supplym, such partic-ular.: (Tew v. Cuinnun^ 2 Q B D 5^0 The t.m,. l.„.,ted for th. n-gistration of a chattel mortKa"^: W.l-.R. 294, affi Pilling 16 R.C.R. .«. v.... ..it, u To maintain an action to set asi.le an order for ottension if -re are grounds warranting such aetion. it is . e^™ li, Satisfaction. 22. The Registrar in whose otTice registration shall be ettWted -s atoresa.d is hereby empowered to enter satisfaction upon anv '; I "t sale, or copy thereof, upon being satisfied that the ,lebt heen discharged, and upon payment of a fee of one dollar'; ' " "'""^ "■'"■••" '^" -"-"f of tlx- .nortgagee. grantee, or .^g,.ee or penson interested as such, as the case mav be, has no been obtained, satisfaction shall not be entered without an .1. from a Judge of the Supreme or County Court obtained f<»f that purpose: ItXl,"), eh. 8, sec. 12. Chattels in Several Districts. 23. Whenever any such Registrar shall enter satisfaction l.on any bil. of sale, and the goods or chattels comprised th!',: " ' He b.,.n ,,tuate partly in one or more districts or registries ■ ^ 'I'll, without extra charge, forward a notice in the Form I) th Schedule hereto to each of the registries in which the bill " Pt of such notice, -rite the word -.satisHed- on the ^inpl-cat. or copy of such bil, of sale tiled in his office: im. 1 ■ I 1 .1 i ! ; ^fi [."^i It m I :i » in J III 2tiO Itll.I."* OK SAI.K AND CII.XTTKI. MilR'DiAliKS. Affidaviti. 24. All affiduvitH required by tliU Act to he taken and niiiil<' riiiiv l)e taken l>y and niH T.L.W. l!»!t. The omission in the jurat to describe himself as a eoiniiiis sioner will not invalidate the affidavit in the aksenee of pidni that he was not a commissioner; Kx parte Johnson, Re Clia|iiiiiiri. 26 Ch.D. :«8. If on the face of tin- affidavit it is shewn that it was suiiiii before a commissioner for taking affidavits in Mritisii CoIuiiiIpii. it will Im' presumed that tiie official acted within the territoi-ji limits of his autiiority and not elsewiiere: Hrown v. .lou.i!. I H.C.R. 44. The Kvidence Act of MritLsh Columbia, H.S.M.C. 11(11, i li 78. sees. •")."), .")(), respectin;; affidavits and statutory deelaiaiion^ made without tiie Province, contains the following |)rovisioii> . .")."). The Lieutenant-(iovernor-iii-conncil may. Iiy one or ininr eommission or commissions under his hand and s«'al. I'roiii tini ' to time empower such and as many person.s as he may tliiiilv li' and necessary to administer oaths, and take and receivr iil^i- davits. (hs'larations. and affirmations without the Proviini', im or concerninir any cause, matter, or thins; di-pendiiisr <" in .iii\ wise concerniny: any of the proce"dinL:s to be had in iiir -^ii] reme Court or any other Coi'.rt in the Province. The persons so appointed .shall be styled ■■Commissin;! i - for taking Affidavits in and for the Courts of I'.ritisli ( oi ,fe THE BRITISH COI.fMBIA ACT. 261 i Kv-ry o«th, affidavit, d.-cia ration, or affirmation taken or ...ad.. l...fon. any such (■oinmi8«ion..r «h«ll b. a.s valid and effJ tual. and shall In- of th. like fore and .rtWt.To a Nntel S l...r„o«.s a.s If such oath, affidavit, declaration or affirmaUon had ..•.n admin-stered. taken, sworn, made or affinne™ Sore a ( o,nn..*s.oner tor taking affidavits within the Provide or other competent authority: KS. 18!.7, eh .!. se«. 11 12 ion eh. 1, sec. 5. • »», i^, vjii, .-.6 Oaths, affidavits, dech.rations. or affirmations adminis- .red s worn. ma,le. or affirme.l. out of the Province, before some o.i.' ot the following persons:— A (onnnissioner authorize,! to admuist.-r oath, in the Sup- ivim- Court ot Judieature in Knjrland- * or .iollaml';"' ""•' "'" "'" ''"""'■'"'" ^'"'""'^ '" '•^"«'""-'- "•"'««'» ^^^n'St.:!^^ ""' ''" *'"""'^- "'"'"'^ '" '^"^•-•^ - ^-'a- ^^'i:^:ZZy ■''''''' '""'^"'"^^ "^ ""^- ^•«-'>- °^ ^-tland ...it "''°"""''' ''"''''' ""' '''''^'""'' ""•'•'•• '"'^ '•«»•' "n*! official The .Mayor or Chief Magistrate of anv eitv horouKh or wn corporate in the fnited King.lo.n. or in an; To Ion" of Hi , i;""'"'" '^" ^°'"»«'" «•■"' "f ^"oh <-ity. boro,.^h or town cor- in l''(iv' S ''Tr "' I"^"""'- "'• °^" •^"P'-*""^ jurisdiction (olon w.tho,.t (anada. Indon-Hng to the C,-own of the ' ;'.t..l K.n,.lom. or any dependency ^hereof, or in any foreign yiJ^m'tv'u'^ "'■''•'^'l P<^^-->^ons in India, befo... anv ^"'iii ot the Governor ot such possession; -V p;.bli;"!:I.',^ ''"'■ '"^'•' ''"'r «">■ •^"''^'"- Prothonotarv. Not- to Mb i ; ^r""*^"'"'''- ^o'- taking. Affidants or authorized S,i,; '". "^V ''"• °'' '" "">■ Province thereof, or before anv >>t.l.™dn.ry Magistrate i„ the Territories of Canada; If: i-B I ill . ■ t ! ii I I :r ' * i ■ 1:1 I " . (ii'ti: ■ li it i 51 •* -'62 IlII.Ij* OK SAl.K AND niATTKl. M(IHTHA«IE». Or bofori' any (.'oiisul, Vifc-Coniiul, or CoiMulHr Atft'iit of Ills Majesty, I'Xfn-iHJiijf liig functionii in any foreiKH plaei'— t(ir the purpOHes of and in or eonocrnini; any rauso, inatti-r or liiiiit; • It'IM'ndiuff or in anywiw conui'minK any of the prof«'t'din»{N in any Court in the Provincf, shall Iw as valid and effectual iiiiM Nhall be of like foree and effect, to all intents and purposes, »h if such oath, aftidavit, affirmation, or declaration had been ad ministered, sworn, mii le, or affinned in the Province before .i Commissioner for taking AfBibivits therein, or other competent authority: R.S. 1897, ch. .% sec. 13. Rules and Regnlationi. 26. The follow inyr rules and regulations shall be observed Provided, however, that the Lieutenant(Jovernor-inl ouiici! may from time to time repeal, alter, and vary the said rules, ani nmke, repeal, alter and vary rules for trivin^ effect to tin' pm visions of this Act : — Regiiter. 1. Every Registrar shall cause every bill of sale and ev.iy such copy, and every affidavit filed in his office, to li numbered; and shall keep a book or books, in wliicii li shall cause to be entered a numerical list of every sii. !i bill of sale, and copy, and affidavits, containing tin r in the name, addition, and description of the person iiKik ing or giving the same; or, in ease the same shall be uial or given by any person under or in the execution of [ini cess as aforesaid, then the name, addition, and d('s.ri|i tion of the person against whom such process sli.ill li r> i.s.sue<], and also of the person to whom or in \\1iom> favour the same shall have been jjiven together with tlir number affixed to the said bill of sale, or copy, or ^iiii- davits; and the date of the said bill of sale, or eo;>y. ^mi of the registration thereof, and all such partieul.irs. sliiill be entered according to the Form C jriven in the Sclndiile to this Act; and the said book, and every bill of sale, or copy, and affidavit filed as aforesaid, may be searebeii :iiKi ii TUB BRITI8U COLLMBIA ACT. 2»i:j viewi'd by ull lursons, at all nasonablf titm-ii, upon pay- ment for every si-arch of the fee of twenty-five eentH : Index Book. 2. Kvery ReKistrar ithaU keep an in.lexbook shewing in alphabetical order the names of nil persons making' or Kivinj? bills of sale, and of all persoiw ajfuinst whom pro- eess shall have issued as aforesaid, tojfether with a eross- reference to the volume and folio of the book directed to be kept as in the last preceilinft sub-scetion, and every Ke^- i^trar shall also keep an index-book in manner aforesaid, "f all duplicates of bills of sale, or copies thereof, and affidavits as aforesaid, transmitted to him as hereinl>efore |)rovi(led : Feei. ■I Every Registrar shall be entitled to receive for filing and rejfisterinK every bill of sale, or a copy thereof, as afore- said I including the takiuj? of any alHdavit) the sum of two dollars, and no more; and any person shall be en- titled to have an offlce copy or an extract of every bill of sale, or of the copy thereof, upon paying for the same at the rate of twenty-five cents per folio of one hundred words : 4. In respect of any nuitter not hereinbefore provided for, the Registrar shall exact such fees as are prescribed by rule: 5. All moneys received by any Registrar under this Act shall be dealt with and accounted for in .such manner as the Lieutenant-Governor-in-couneil may by crder-in-council from time to time direct and appoint: I'JO.'), eh. S, see. 1."). Saving Clansei. 26. When the time for registering a bill of sale expires on a Sunday or other day on which the Registrar's office is closed, the reffistration shall be valid if made on the next following day on which the office is open: 190."i, ch. 8, see. 16. A II I ii; "1. ^ Ii 'J 1. " ' 264 BIU,s Of t^M.K A.NU (11 ATTKI, Mn|rr«i.\Ui:n. "BllJi** or SM.K ACT." FORM A. ^' • o^ , make oath ami wj.v HH follows - 1. Tliiit the paptT writing h.-reiinto aiinexnl, aixt inaik.,| "A," in a trii.' i-opv of a hill of «al(«, and of every \o,- whin II,. orit/inal m fiUd, ia the hill of «»le and every 1 geliedi.ie or inv.i, tory th.-reto annexed, or then-in referred to, and of every aft, s tation of the e.xeeiition thereof, ax made and jfiven and .•x.rutr.l hy •-'. That the hill of wile was made and Kivtn hy tic xai.l on the day of , in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and ■i. That [ was prewnt and did Nee the aaid in tli.' sjiil hill of xaie mentioned, and whoiw name ia Ml^ned ther-to. si):M and exeeute the .same on the said da., „i ,„ ,|,„ year aforesaid. 4. That the said at the time of making an.l Kivin.- the said hill of sale r.-sided and still resides \if .sink hr th. f.i,l\ at and then was and still is [•/ jiM,/r b, Ih, fori | \lf tl„n has been a change of residencr or ocnipatio,, sin.. fj-nution of bill of salf, !/lv( particulars, or, if placr of b„sl„..s b( (jifoi. altir ucrordiufihj.] ■'). That the name set and subscrihed as th.- witness attesting the , hr] «„,! of fh. affl.lnvit. aa fih-d i„ thia offi"'' on tho day of . 10 . ^1 R t i FORM C. • r n By whom (itm. I J \ m g 1 s 1 j 1 1 : 1 •? a: 1 1 1 h li id 4, • 5! FORM I). 7" '/" Coinily Court L'lijuirar at Tiik.. notice that a 1)!!! of .sale, hearing ,latc the , AD. 19 , |„a,l,. hetween . of ' "* -in consideration of the sum of "" l'"s. haa iH-en satisfied, and .satisfaction thereof was ,Inlv '"t'-red l,y n.e on the day of , lf> . A. h. 130.^ ch. «, yih. (lay of , and ■: f! It- f 'N \ ■• i • lit ^ : III " i: I H t i . Ill i 5! i M \l i - J i 111 I • f' t ; S Hi 26« BILLS OK SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAliEa. FORM K. For an Incorporated Company. J, , of , j)rt'si(li'iit (seiTctacy, liiri't'tor, or as th< i (/>> man h(] of tlii' \iiaiii) of (ompanii or corpop-alion,] iiiakc oati' and say as follows; — 1. That flic i>a|)i'r writiiit: licrt'iinto aiiiicxcii and inarkr.j "A" is a true '.'opy of a liill of sale, and of \or, wlu n an oriijiii'il hill of sah is filnl. is a Itill of sale togctluT with] cviTy sclit'diilr or inventory tlicrt'to annexed or therein referred to as niad'. jfivcn and executed l)y the said \iiamr of ((inipain/ or corpton- lion. I 2. That I, as president | secretary, director. ///• mv ,'//( m/v. mail hi 1 of t!ie said company \or corporation,] beiiiL' duly aiitii ori/.ed so to do, did aflix the seal of the said company \or coi- |)orationi to the said bill of sale, did sign the said hill of sale ,is president i secretary, director, or as tin iiii!> AtiALNST TIlEni DEBTORS. Short Titl". 1. This Act may h- cited as the "Exe, iuu Act." R.S. \^'^', eh. 72. sec. 1. fli 'iliF BKITlSIl CULLMBIA Al T. 2ti7 Interest of t Mortgagoi ir. C- .ods. 17. I'll I- -iv writ nl ifciltioii iijiiiiiist gooils, the SlicrilV, «ir other of .,(1 ,'i w.i') ,i t' sitiin' is (lirci-tcd, may scizo and sell till' iiittTcst or cquii.. ^f •cilfiiiption in .s.-c 41 inOO, ch. 22. see. 4. Legal Coits. 3. Any solieitor to whom, either alone or jointly with ;iin other per-son. a mortgapre is made, or the firm of whieh .sudi solieitor is a member, .shall be entitled to receive for all business transacted and acts done by such solieitor or firm nefjotintin- the loan, dedneinsr and investigating the title to the property, and comi)arin.r and completinsf the mortgaS ami .')9 Vict. eli. J.", •sec. 2, sulKsec. (1 ) ] 10(Mt. eh. 22. see. 2, sub-sec. (11. Solicitor's Charges. 4. Any solicitor to or in whom, cither alone or jointly with any other ,)erson. any mort!,'a>.'e is nmde or is veste.l by tniiistVi or transmi.ssion. or the firm of which solicitor is a member, shall be i-ntitled to receive and recover from the person on whose !»■ half the .same is done or to charge against the .security for :ill business transacted any acts done by such solieitor or firm siiL s2. (11. 11, AM. A.MKM..MKNTS. I Short Title. 1. This Act iiuiy l.o cilcd as ••Tin Bills „f Sal, ami Chall,! Moitgaiji Art." ti:{ and (i4 Vict. ch. :il. sec. 1. <>ri(jin of EnmtmtHt. This .statute is ai)|)arently fraincil alter that ol" Ontario: Heriihart v. McCutchcon, V2 Man. L.K. ;i!l4. Hulk .Sales. The sale of a stock-in-trailc when made in hulk is suhjei 'so to the provisioas of the '•Rulk Sah's Act" of Manitolm. t ..»!), ell. 60. Interpretation. 2. la this Act, unless the context otherwise requifv. — "11 The expression •' actual and continued change of pos.scs- Mon"" sliail Ite taken to l)e sudi change of possession as is open ■■lud reasonably sutficicnt to atford i)ulilic notice thereof; I /'I The expression -clerk of the County Court" or •clerk" ill! hides a (h'i)uty clerk or acting; clerk; irt The expression •' judicial division" includes such terri- i"iv a.s hy any provision in any .^..atute or order-in-council is iH.w a.ssigned to any County Court, or that shall hereafter, by niy .\ct or hy order-in-couneil, he a.ssijrned to an\ County < oiii-t ; "/i The exi)res8ion -'cn-ditors" extends to and includes any .■i^si-ni (• for the ir<'neral l)eneHt of creditors of the iiiortuagor "I- Iwrs^ainor: (i:{ and 64 Vict. ch. -U, sec. 2. , i': ; i - '"t. ,( ri *l ffH n H \ 270 BILLS OK SALE .\.>n CIIATTEL M()HT(iA(if:s. 1i ('rirovisions : Kinpire Sash and Poor Co V. Maranda et al.. 21 Man. L.R. tiO.".. An assisniment to an official assi<;nee, under the statute, 4'J Vict. (Man.) ch. 4."). wa.s held to make the assi-fnee a purchasrr for value: Hertrand v. Parkins, 8 Man, h.\{. 17;"). and .see (ox V. Schack. 14 Man. L.R. 174. Compar.' sec. 2 of this Act with sec. 2 of the Ontario Act, Aitunl ami Contiinied Chnnije of Possession. Prior to the enactment of this sub-.section in this Act, tii-' Manitoba Court referring to the Ontario Act, R.S.O. 1897, ch 148, sec. 39 (now .sec. 2 (a), ch. fif,. of the Act of 1910). pli,,-,,! the .same construction on the expression "actual and continued change of possession" as is now express! v provided- .see Bern hart V. McCutcheon, 12 Man. L.R. 394. The handing over the keys of the building, the giving lii. combination of the safe, and the former ijroprietora going out of p(w.se.ssion. the securing by the grantee of a license in his own name, and the conducting of the business by him thereafter, an- all acts of a notorious character within the meaning of the statu- tory expression of "immediate delivery followed by an actu.d and continued change of pos.ses.sion," as to dispense with regis- tration of a bill of sale under the Hills of Sale and Chattel Mort- g:i!;e .\<-t: Herv v. Kern. (.Man.) tl W.L.R. 7-).-., 7.-)7, follouin.' Trust and Loan Co. v. Wright, 11 Man. L.R. 314, where ili' same principle was applied where the seller, at the requ.'st of the pur<-haser remained in po.ssession of the chattels, and .sul.s. quently. at the former's leaving, told the purchaser that he u.is goinir away. Init that a boy who had been employed in his v. !• vice would take care of ever. :iing. and thereafter the pnrcli.is r, by her servants, remained in pos.se.ssion of the chattels. Sales. 3. Kvery .sale m.ide of ijood.s and chattels, situated in h.' Province of .Manitoba, not aeeonii)anied by an immcdi.ite .Ir livery, followed by an actual and continued change of pos- s THE MANITOBA ACT. 271 \0 sioii, of the gootls and cliatt.'ls sold, shall be in writing, and siu-h wiitinjr shall he a conveyance under tiie provisions of this Act. iind shall be accompanied by an affidavit of a sul(scril)ing witness thereto of the due execution thereof, and an affidavit by the bargainee or his agent that the sale is honu fidi and for good or valual)le consideration, as set Forth in the said conveyance, and not for the purpose of holding or enabling the bargainee to hold the iroeils mentioned therein against the creditors of the bar- -iiinor, and tlie conveyance and affidavits shall lie registered, a.s by this Act provided, within twenty days from the date thereot'. otherwise the sale shall be absolutely null and void as ;ii.Minst the creditors of the barfrainor, and as against subsequent imrchasers or mortgagees in good faith for good or valuable consideration: H.{ and (i4 Vict. eh. :{1, sec. :i: 1 and 2 Kdw. VII. eh. 2f<. .see. 1. Ohjnt of Sfatiitc. The object of the statute is to guard creditors from being de- • eived and defrauded by their debtors remaining in the posses- sion of goods and chattels that they have disposed of by a bill "F .sale or a chattel mortgage: per Main. J.. Robertson v. Wn-nn l.^O.')). 10 Man. L.R. .178. Compare .sec. 8 of the Ontario Act. If. however, a creditor was aware that there had been a sale, find an actual and continued change of pos.session following the Side, he cannot Ih' pre.judiced by the fact that a written bill of s;di' or mortgage had not been filed, whether or not such change or pos.session was apparent to the public generallv: Robertson V Wrenn :l8!t.-)t. 10 Man. L.R. 378. and .see Danford v. Dan- 'onl. s A.R. ,()nt.) ,')18. Althougli a grantee cannot, by any act of his own in seizing til" i-'oods. give himself a better title than he had befor.', yet the :^T;iiit()r may. i>y makinjr a delivery which would operate in law iis n conveyance of goods capable of passing by delivery. efTeetu- •ill.v <'iire a prior defective conveyance, or a prior defective jiarol ..,! • or ••valuable'- consi.leration is sufficient in order to sustMiii the vali.hty of the instrument as ajrainst a subsequent purchiis.r or mortgajfce. Anotli.-r varianc is tli.it the words "withom actual notice" jls they ap|)ear in see. 2 of the Act of 18')1 .■h 10. an. omitt.'.! in s.'c. 2 of the pn'.sent Act. thus makin-" tl„. section more closely conformable with sec. « of the foriiMT On tario Act. R.S.O. 1S!.7. ch. 148; se,. sec. 8 of the pr.-sent Ont.um Act. The laet oi liaving notice, either express or impli.-.|. ,|,„s not nec.'s.sarily .l.-bar a sub-siMiuent pnrcha.ser from daimin- tii.i' he hol.ls that .status •'in goo.I faith." For instance the title ..• a chattel mortgagee withmit possession of the goods is a inn-, |v statutory on... an.l if the d.'scription of .some of the goo.ls in tii. morty-a-e fails to sp.^ify the iroods so that th.-y could be tv.uUh an.l I'asily known as .lemand.-.l by the statute, the n^sult iiiiiv I,',- the sam.- as if such goo.is had not he.'n mentioned at all in' th- mortgage: Jlotlatt v. ("oiilson. 19 I'.C.y.H. .U] ■, Edwanis v Engli.sh, 7 K. & M. .-,(14. Notice of th.- .'xist.-nce of a morti;.!-.' insufficient to pass th.- property, would not make the subs.-qii.nt purcha.ser 'aking without ollusion and for a fair coiisi.l.T.itioh, a purchaser, oth.-r than in good fait.i. where he bmiirlit freiii the mortgagor in pos.s.'ssion : llotratt v. Coulson. 10 r.C.Q.M. :iJI. ChaiKji of J'lis.ir.tsion. Brown v. IVace (18!)7). 11 Man. L.R. 4()9. is authoritv uv the rule that, notwithstandiiii,' an ante-nuptial settlement niaiie TIJK .MAXlToriA .«T. o; { l>v fh.. huslmn.l. nu-UuUuKr tl„. h„,,s..hol.l n.rni„„v i„ gu.stion ... Nvour fl... ,„t,.n.l..,i wifo. an.i tl,. furnitur.. 1 v? ^ " . ;;;e:::;Ha': r" "''"'''''"' '"^' ♦•''• ''''^'•^'•''' '-"'-' Im an 1 not h.rs „n,l tlu.t th.T.. wns „o ..|,hm^.. of poss-ssio. ;;!U'7;"»"|- • » ■"""■ "■*.... "h:.."™;,;,; ';•,;;:"„; ' "»' '"""■ ■•'■""■•I l"»l'">.'- rf » lix ,„,.„„t. „l,i,., , ■■ft.T-a,.,|„m.,| |,roj,,.nl,-. T,vo y,;n, l.i,.,- , l.ill „f 1 ;: : ;- ,"; '•■■ •■'.™ -I- .....i .;;; ;„;;„„ ^ , ■" f-;«TT„;;„*i.i'K,.::\:i;;r-r;t;t:L''r: «i . I«v, , l>o««'-«s.on of ..itl,..r th. husband or the V '.1 '';f'"'.»f''<'-;-!'^ f.'ll.v app::. ,1.!.. to the fa.-s i„ Hrown WU r.t s Zm" "7 " """"'"•' -'-"''-tion in la. The "... it shouK. have heen supported, in the absenee of evi n-';:\"t;::^(lt^':!;';i;vr"''V''''''"^ '"■•i -i'VoonUere" tLt t '"' "'"'■'■ "'"* "'"''' '"'^'"'""' is used, wliich evich-nei s not only a pre- f I: f1 'M :i' ' 'I : I'i ' ' ^ f i ; i 1 ! ;■ -' ■ ; '.• i 1- f * , \ 1 ;' i ! ^ \ 274 IiII,I..s OK SAI.K AND ClIATTEr, MORTOAOKS. Iff 1 1 si'iit ti-aiisf.'r, l.ut states that the bargainor "hath bargainp.l, sold and assijfnod," ete., and "by these presenU doth barf?aiii. sell, as.sign," etc. In the case of Munroe v. Fergiwon, 6 W.L.R. 755 (Maiu, plaintiff pim-hasod Roods and chattels from the owner and as siirn.'d payment of a ehattel mortgage thereon, and it was held as apainst an execution creditor, that the giving over of the k. vs liy the seller, disi-losing the safe combination and going out ol possession, and the securinjr of a hotel license by plaintiff wIk. continued the Imsiness, were absolute evidences of an actual an. I continued change of possession. An agreement to tleliver at a certain place a numb.T of cords of wood out of two piles, the price of which has been p:,u\. but no delivery or the setting apart of the wood so sold li. mir made, (lo.-s not transfer title of the wood to the buyer as ag.iiiisf the assignee for the benefit of creditors of the seller, uiil.^s there be a compliance with see. :} of the Hills of Sale and (hat tel Mortuajfe Act, and that, althoiiarh the l)uyer agrees to 1 the Ions if the wood so bought were destroyed bv fire Ilawi V. Smith, f) Man. L.R. 204. AVhile an appropriation and .setting apart by the s.ll. i „i ascertained future goods by description, in a deliverable simp. - f.g., the setting aside a designated numl>er of orders of ui.n.i in a designated place— and the acceptance thereof by the [iin.r might tend to shew an "immediate delivery" within the m. m ing of this section, still, it does not warrant the conclusion tiur there had been the "actual and continued change of possesM.m " necessary to satisfy the Act. which must be such cliang... - i> openly and rea.sonably suflHcient to atTord public notice th i ..f, as e.xpnssly provided in .sec. 2 (a\ of this Act: IJeriili.v * JEcCutrheon. 12 Man. L.R. ;m. The Court based its .!., -imi on the language of sec. .'?!». ;i.. 148 of R.S.O. 1S97. now s... J (a), eh. ()."). of the i>r;sent Ontario Act. 1910. the identi.-.il >..■ tion of which having been enacted as sec. 2 (o), ch 11 I* ^ A[ l!t02. An instrument traasferring goods in the hands of a u uv- liouseinan. who beeomrs the agent of the transferee auii a-r .> to hold the goods for him, is not an instrumeni within this .\ct requiring registration: .Tones v. Henderson, :i Man. L.R. I': 111! J i i-i If if- THE MANITOBA ACT. .,-- Assl;„im,Hhfor ftnu/il of Creditiny. Th.' Assigniiii'iit Act, H.S M 19()'» ,.h A «..,. 11 ■ y"; •J';«"<-" '^'i". in deliv..ring fh. .j„dff,n,.nt of the Court jomoo no other ..o„..lu.sion ,ha„ that this ..ction roquins nl .n,l tm c.onH,,|,.n.t,o„ for whi.h a hill of sal. is\iv..„ to is';" i7t; ^'r'"--' ";';';:':'"•"■'"' ■" »-'-•> - ^^«""o".. Ba„l r 897 "l OR l-:-''V L* ^'■•'- '"'= ^"" "'«« '^"••'°«- v. oi n,,. |]H.,7| 1 Q.R. l_..,. , ,rk,.s v. St. O.^.r^,.. 10 A.l{. M)nt . . ' ! ■ \!li'l L.J Q B ry]S J- or affidavits of bom fid,s in case of hills of sale hv corpor-. Agreements of Sale. 4. Kvery covenant, promise or a^ree.nent for the sale of -- -..1 ."hattels. in whatsoever words the san.e n.a.v he e" hi :, t i I • i , 3 - i i '. : i -I I I ' 4 ■ '■ 1 . f I 1^ L'70 HII,I,S (IK SAI.K. AM> CIIAI'TKr. Mi>U | li MiKs. pi'i'sMi'il, hIhiII Id' liiM'iiii'il to III' ii Niili' of kimxIn mill chiitti'ls witlini I III' iiii'iiiiiiii; of tliiN Act. mill. iiiiIi'hh iicroMi|iHiiifil liy mi im iiii'iliiili' ili'livi'i'v , mill I'lillownl liy mi iictiiiil mid roiitiiiiii i rliiiiiKi' of poKsi'S-sioii. Ill till' siiiil K'xxl'^ i*)>il liy iit1iilavit> n' I'M'i'iitioii mill /((//((/ //■(//.«, Kliiill 111' rru:isti'r('(l within tlif riiu mill ill till' iiiiiiini'i- pri'si'i'ilii'il in tlii' iii'Xt pn iliii^ Ni'i'iimi othi'i'wim' till' Hiiiil i'OV''iifiiit, protiiiHi' or .iKri'i'iin'iit .hIi.iII I.. aliMolntrly voiil an against i-ri'ilitors of tlii' liHrKainor ainl ;i> a^aiiiMt siilisi'ijiii'iit pin'rliasci-H or iiiorti;a!.'i'i'N in irooil faitli !nr KOO - I Ai/ri I nil Ills (if Siili . See sees. Iti and 17 of tlif Ontario Act, and noti' to tli'' |ii. ei'din<< si'ction. i'lortgfagei. 5. Kvi'i'y iiiortijairi'. or convi'yanci' iiiti'iidt'd to iipi'iaii' .l^ .. iiiortH;a«i', of irood.s and fhatfclx .>iitnati' in tli.' I'rovin.'. ..^ MHiiitol>a, uliicli L>( not accoiiiiKiiiicil liy iiiiini'diati' (li'livi'i> .u. I an Hctinil and coiitinui'd chant;!' of jinssc.i.sion of the ;liiii.r> niorti;aK<'d. shall lie rcfjistcrcd. as hy this Act provided, witiin twenty days from the date thereof, together with an Ml'li.li. < of a siiliseriliiii^f witness thereto of the dm- e.\eeutioii nT mi h niortjiaije or conveyance, and with an aflfidavit of flu mori- ._■• or his a(?ent that the iiioi'tirau'or therein named is .jusrlv .'••■\ truly imU'lited to the iiiorttfaK''*' i" the sum mentioneil in h. iiiorte:a;;e, that it was executed in jrood faith, and for III v press purpose of securin;: the payment of luoiiey .justl\ 'lii m Hccruinff due. and not for the purpose of iirotcctiny tin l: K and chattels mentioned therein ajfainst the creditors n' 'I.' mortgagor or of preventiiiir the creditors of such iiioitir .J'I' from olitainiiiK iiaymcnt of any claim a);ainst him. "ih' ^■ such iiiortKai-'c or conveyance shall lie ali.solutely null .ui.l > 'i as airainst the creditors of the morts;at;or and as aKains' •-il' .se(|uent purchasers or mortu'atreeM in jiood faith for ;:ooil or \ ihi- TIIK MAMTOBA A( T. Ul nUr .■onM.l.THlioM: II:) >nu\ (M Vi,,,. ,.|.. .11, s.-r. :,: 1 ,„„| •. F,i„. cixilt.l M,„liinii(s Must h, f-'il,,!^ S... src, :. of the Oiitiirio Aft. .\l>lili,,ilii>i, of llii Slaliit, . If tl... fniiKwlio,, i, in (,u-i n trnusf,;- si.nplv ,.« ......ritv ' (•■ |.mv..,o„.s o tluH s.....ion sh„„I,| 1... r„„„„.,.,|. „„,, „„, „,^; r J\ "'"' 'I "" "'■ *"''" "•"•"'•"" '" '■"••'" "'"I 'vu'i.Ht..,v,l "' li .... „ffl,l„v.t of /„„„; /,-,/,,,, p„p.„„„, ,„ s,.,.tioM ;t will not 1... v:ilM HH ,.KHi..st ,.n ..x....„tioM ,.r...lito,. „„|.,ss th.-n- is nn i,,,- ";;■',""" ■'- '^•"■••>-.'" ••ti.al nn.l ,.„nti„ | ..l,,,,,^:.. of ,,„Hs..*.ion '" til- Hfli th.. atfi.lavits ot ..x.-cution an.l l,„„a fi,l, ^ 1;.. forn...r provision in tl,.- Consoli.lat..,! Statnt..s of Jfani- '^' tron. ul.u.h this s..,.tion is tak..n. rna.l.. it r that th.- o v.ts w..re to 1... fil..., with th.- n.ort.a^.- its.-lf. and th" V ;'.' ; in r"""',^"'- '"" "*'■'*'"'' ""•♦ '•••^'"'•"■"''nt. a.s th,. "i-l "ith th,. niortjjag,. in niannor similar to what is r,.f,niro.l ' 1 iu r.':li!: iii •J-H Hll.1.4 Itr SM.K AM) CIIATTKI- MOHTUAliES. $■« in fhi' vn»r of a liill of mhIi- iiihI.t wi-tioii .J ; liimaii v l{ii<- Is't;, 10 Man. LK. 411. Chattfl inorJKHircH tiik<- itr.-ct only from filing, mn ii^iim,! executionit, fmlitont (unl )4ul)(kqutnf j)urfhHs»'n*, anarred from >.ti i,^ up the want of registration: Hertninro for non-compliance with this section l.iisp Sash and Door ('o. v. Maranda, 21 Man. L.H, (id... i,,||,.,, i Parkes v. St. (Jeorge, 10 A.K. (Ont.) 40(i; Ilyman v ( un son. 10 O.R. 44.{; see sec. 2 (n NotcM Act, R.M.M. 1!«.2, .1,. !«., will ..,. ,r..,.,..,i ,,s t...tuw,. ' .. imrtu-s. a« „n iimtruMMnt intrnd..,! to o,M.n.t,. ,,m ■■. ...ort^ui,.. ..I «oo.l., an.l ,., tl,.. al..H..n,.,. ..f ,ui aetuHl .....I .•ontinu.,! .•iianu.. -I |..H»..-HH.on prior fo th.- .l.-l.ton.' .i8Hii-,i,„..„t for i.molv.-.,..v it >mIHh- li-l.l null an.l voi.l, for want of iv-i.trHtion un.i-r this .>.'Wion and see. 2(d), ,« nRainst tl... ..n.,l,torH of ih.. |„,„, „, th.. asNiKn...' for th.-ir ^..n.n.l hm.-Ht : (ov v S..|ia.-k U \[.n I. li 174. ;W C.L.J. :iH!i. ' ' ' l-n.l.T th.. Mank A.'t. K.S.C. l!l...;. .,.,, so, .s..,.,.ri!v „i,,v I,.. t..k,n tron. th,. own.T of hors.s for nn ..xiH(i„>f ,|,.l,t |,v a I..I1 of -:><■ ot th.. hors..s whi.-h ,.x|.r.'.s«ly stafs that it is tak.i, „„lv i'.v uay of a.l.litioMMl s.rurity for th- ,l,.l,t.- an.l s..,. ^0 of til- A.'t .l«-8 not ,,r..v..nt th.- hank from r...-.,v,.rint' on pron.is- M.ry not..H mml.. „. ,t.s favour hy „ ,.,.,.s„n who puivhas-.l the ors,.s tron, M... trunsf-n.r : Mank of llan.ilton v. DouaMson. U Alan. L.R. 378. \tfl,lnvitt The affidavit of baiia fi,t,s luuUv s.-.-tioii :, is n„i r.M|unv.i i„ I" .vrtit of a •inortKaKe or conveyance" nia.l.. hv a conipnnv ii-"n)orated un.i.-r an Imperial. Dominion or Manitoha Act or ■ Hart,.r for the purpoN- of 8..curing bonds or .l,.hentur.-s to a '■'"■'i hold.-r or trustees of such company, where an affidavit in I'll thereof w provi.le.l for. (See .section 4.') infra.) ''he insertion in th.. affi.lavit of a clause r.-adinj?. •■That I '• '" >lul.v authorized ajf.-nt of the mortjiagce." ., s an appar- ■ mistake an.l t further appeared the .ni8,lescriptio,^ were mrde purposely to hu e the fact that they had given a hill of sale an^ U was held by the Court that registration of the instru.nen; ^v^ not thereby rendered invalid. The ease of Central Hank v. Hawkins, 62 L.T !)()! holds Ht a b.ll of sale was duly remastered wh.'-re i, ..sl^^^t e .-rantor w.th an assuu.e.i nau.e. known un.ler sueh nau e o the grantee, and ,n the neighbourhood for several vears .nd under wh.eh nan,e he carried on business and under whiTh t^.e UKs nnuent w.ts n-gistered ; it was also hel.l to be vali.l and that under see. 10 of the HiH.s of Sale Aet. 1S78. it wa.s not nm-s sanly required to e.xeeute the in.stru.uent. nor to reg s er t under the real name of the grantor. CiiHsiiii ration. The subject-matter of a mortgage may be such as to make .t goo,i in part and bad in part, an.l will be sustained as to the li.e true eonswleratiou of a bill of .sale mu.st be set out in it Te tmi '''T''l "'^'"^"•" '■ -^f-'-''^' '^''"^ '^ "" *.'I-.JI, whereas +(.12.20 was mad., up of notes given bv thp mor gagortothe mortgagee, b„, ,1.... under disemnd'i e It '- to the mortgagee, while a largo 10 ,1,.. „,„ount was represented by notes which the mort- - I d previou-sly transferre.l to a bank as securitv for h s i "la" m' ;"fi""" """T- '"""•' ^ '"^"P"-'^ ■^•- -^I^-Ar- N( K 44.; '■'■'''■'^' "" "*''"'■ '-''■"""•'*' '" '•• f«"- -HI. ot tl8J now Paul by ,he .rantn- to the .-rantor." That sum. ■i,f' i n ■i, t I ! I' 'i'i iU t 'if t( ! 1 , i i i i ', . L iiil 282 BILLS OK SALK AND CHATTEI, XI()KT(iA(lES. i k at the request of the grantor, was in fact paid by disfhargiii;; three several debts of the grantor and paying the balance to him" There was no suggestion of any fraud, and it was held to be a sufficient statement of the consideration within sec. 8 of the Im- perial Bills of Sale Act, 1878: Hainlyn v. Bettelev, 4!» L..I.C I' 465. Where a bill of sale was stated to be made in consideration of £120 advanced, whereas, in fact, only part was so paid, th.- Iwlance being retained for costs and expenses, and appended to the bill of sale was a receipt stating that the part advanced witli the amount retained "made up the sum of £120," tiie express.,| consideration, tlie Court ruled the instrument did not v-t forth the consideration for it under see. 8 of the Imperial Hills of Sale Act, 1878, and was void as against a liquidator, and tiiat the receipt was not part of deed: Charing Cross Bank. In iv Parker, 50 L.J. Ch. 157; Ex paHe Beetenson, In re H..i?,.|s. 42 L.T. 808; and see Ex parte Challinor, In re Ro.'.tN i,; Ph.D. 260. Similarly a bill of sale given to secure a past debt contnut. ,1 by instalments states that the consideration is "now paid" tli. consideration is not truly set forth within sec. 8 of the Impm;,] Bills of Sale Act, 1878: Ex parte Berwick, 4-3 L.T. r.7fi- (ij.i I' v. Scott, 59 J.P. 119. But a chattel mortgage given to secure an agreement to iii.ik II loan and reciting the total amount then due, was hchl to 1. given partly in respect of the original agreement and parth ui respect of a subsequent advance, actually made to sueii iiii amount as to constitute a substantial equivalent as set fortli in the recital, and therefore valid as against the assignee in b.ink niptcy: Alereer v. Peterson, L.R. :{ Ex. 104. Fraudulent Preferences. A chattel mortgage, although given under rireuiiiNtiiiu ^ entitling a creditor to have it set aside as a fraudulent |o. -, i. ence under sec. 41 of the Assignments Act, R.S.M. 1902. di r will nevertheless, be held valid as to any goods covered \n !< which would, under .sec. 29 of the Executions Act, R.S.M. I'l"-', ch. 58, be exempt from seizure under execution- Bates v ( :iii non. 18 Man. L.R. 7. The mere taking of a chattel mortgage, without taking' l.o^ se.ssion of tlie mortgaged goods, although it may constitui- a THE MAXITOBA ACT. 28;{ fraudulent preference under the Assijfnments Act, R.S M 190" ch. 5 cannot be sai.l to be a tort within the meaning of para-' Tt ^'It ™'' ''' ""' '^' J^>"»'« »-°<^h Act, R.S.M. llol ch 40 and there « no jurisdiction to serve a statement of claim' out of the juri8d.ct.on in an action against a non-resident to resident debtor on goods within the jurisdiction: Anchor Eleva- tor ( o. V. Heney. 18 Man. L.R. 96. Agreements for Future Advances. 6. In case of an a-re.Muent for f„tu.v i.dvauces for the nur- I.OS,. of enabling the borrower to enter into and carrv on busi- ness with such advances, the time of repHyment'therc'of not be- 1"^ longer than two years from the n>. ^ing of the agreenient -md in case of a mortgage of goods and chattels for scuring to the mortgagee the repayment of such advances, or in case of a '"o.tgag. of good« and chattels for securing the .nortgagee ^..a.nst the indorsement of any bills or pro.nissory notes, or any other .ab.lity incurred by him for the mortgagor, not extending lor a longer period than two years from the date of such mort- gage and m case the mortgage is executed in good faith and sc^s forth fully, by recital or otherwi.se. the terms, nature and -nect of the agreement and the amount of the liabilitv intended to be created, and in case such mortgage Ls accompanied bv an |-ft.iav,t of a subscribing witness thereto of the due execution 'Lereof. and by the affidavit of the mortgagee or his agent stat- '|-' hat the mortgage truly sets forth the agreement entered 'o between the pa«ies thereto, and truly states the extent of '!"• ."b, ity intended to be created by such agree.nc.t and !r / r T""'"'"' '"'' '^'' ^"''•' '"«'-'*^«^^' - -''-"ted .ood faith and for the express purpose of securing to the tgagee the repayment of his advances, or against the pay- "'t of the amount of Lis liability for the mortgagor, as the --0 ...ay be, and not for the purpose of .securing the goods and '- to prevent such creditors from recovering any clai.us :irh (■0V( in IIK III • M , I.. : 't I ■ i. ■ i •• I .1 I ! '•I'l , t J J lit ' L i 284 BIU.S OK SALE AND niATTKl. MUHT(;A(iKS. i I 1 i thpy may have against such mortgagor, and in case such moit- vaffe is repisteml, as by this Act provided, within twenu days from the date thereof, the same shall he as binding' ;is mort^ajres mentioned in the fifth section of this Act: 6;j anil t;4 Vict. cli. Al, sec. «;, part. MoH(ja ,„ .'ompani.'d by an immediate .idivery an.I an actual an,! ,„i' tinue.1 change of possession of the gocls and chattels mortj.Mu".l. shall be r.'gistered within the time and in the manner pr.s,. i!. ,l in the n.'xt pnwding section, tog.-ther with aflfi.lavits .,f / ; THE MANITOBA ACT. 285 lidrs aii.l exn-utioii, otlii-rwisf hucIi c-ov.-uaiit, i)romi.««' or aRrce- iiifiit shall be absolutely null and void as against creditors of the mortgagor and against subsequent purehas.rs or mortgagees in good faith for good or valuable consideration: fi:? and 64 Vict. ch. 31, sec. 7. Af/ndumts for Chattil Moit;jnt. ch. :n, sec. 10. i r. i: t. t If ' t (I ' i '"i !■' ■ r ■ > 286 BILLS OP SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOES. '■ i Sufficifmy of Description. S..e s,.e. 10 of the Ontario Act, and ch. 12 of the l.'Xt .s to whHt constitutes a sufficient description under the Act A description of a stock of poods by reference to a sch.-diil,. annexed, made up in the following form :— •'» ye oath IS an essential part of an affidavit. A chattel mort- J-'age IS invalid and of no effect as against the execution credi- Z H , "^'^f'*'"-- "h*"'-'' tl'e .jurat of the affidavit of excn-u- hied with the mortgage has not been signed by the commis- s oner before whom it was .sworn, although the mortgage is .•.■,•. ted .n duplicate an.l the witness had sworn and signe.l on.?.! T °^''r".*'°" «" •'»»'' °"gi"al«. an.l the commis- io„ er had signed the jurat on one of the originals, omittin- bv . IT/T'"' *•* T',*'" '''^'''- ""'' *»"*'» ''«^1 been sent to'fho . k of he County Court, the clerk having retained for regis- r T^T "''\''^' '''*^^^*'^''' «®d«^'t= T"'"*" '■■ R«^ 10 l'"^- -^^1= **«■ «lso Nisbet V. Cock, 4 A.R. (()„(. ^ 2(M) he position of the signature of the administering officer. ns a,,,,., „.,. „g„,„j, „f ,,j, „^,,,^. above in place of below the u ,„, does not vitiate the instrument : Mowat v. Clement. 3 Man i i! r ft \\ J I. it i I <^ If ; ]\r ii: !: I !i'i '111 1; 288 BIIJJ* OK S.\I.K AND CHATTKI, Mllim!A(iKS. Severil Morti>ageei; Agent. 12. All affidavits of bona ftdiH rc|uiml l.y this Act iiuiy 1„ Mwuli. by any one of two or mof l.argaine.-H or iuortgag,vs,',.n,i If !>>• an agent the same shall state that lie is aware of all tli- eireunistances eonnwte.l with the sale or uiortKa^-e, as the ,■,,>. may lie: ti,{ n\u\ «4 Vict. eh. HI, sec. 12. Aijiiit of /iaiyaimi or Morinaijrv. See see. 12 of the Ontario Act. A chattel niortKajre will not Ik- held void under this s,.!,,,,, because the affidavit of buna fides made by an HKent state,! ,1,, he had -a knowledg.' of all the facts connected with the s,i,| mortuaKe," instead of saying, in the words of the .section tl,,,t he was •aware of all the .•ireu.nstances:- Meighen v. Annstro,, - 10 Jlan. I^.K. .(. The affidavit of bun,, thhs on a chattel mortgage is sulli.-,,,,' although It purports to be the joint affidavit of two moifM.- s ami the jurat ,loes not shew that they were .severally s«m„ J)yck V. (Jraeiiing, 17 Man. L.K. ITiS. following Mover "v Dnv I •son (1S.-,N). 7 r.C.C.I'. .-,21: see 4;{ CF...!. r>47. Atsignmenti. 13. (^1., amniihd ]9()8.) Any assignment of a ehatt.l i,„„' gage may be filed in the office in which the mortgao!,l or morf-aged, or a-iveil to be sold or mortgaged, is at the ;i:i,.. of the execution of such in.struments; and .-very siieli ,1 ik shall register ail such instruments presented to him for ih,,! THE MANITOBA ACT. .,^j, /'/flrf of ffcf/intratioH. «<-.• also ««.. 18 of fh(. Ontario A<'t. ..■..™i:'/« rsr7x:^;:;"r- " ■--'""■ ■//" " J inlinul Divisions." *- ^'-xk and .quir.ent fir "^''^•""'ll't "^ »•• respeetin, rolling "- ortice of'S Provide aPs "" T^'T' '"''-^' ''^' ••^'^'•■''^'•'•-' '" ' -»1US OF SALE. ^"K^. 1 I . * 1 N' |1 ! I' I ^ r 'I. . ili i, i ' I 'II m 290 BILLH or (SALE AND CHATTEIi MORTOAUI'^. I ' and no oth<>r reifistratioii or filing Rhall \w npcemary, and upon bfing Ro filed the same shall be a« valid and effectual aa if fil.'.l or rppristered in accordance with the provisiona of the naid Acts and a mend men ts, and the same shall have priority from ilw time of such filing, and no renewal thereof shall be requir.il, and any discharge or partial discharge of any such bill of huI.'. I'hattel mortgage, conditional sale or other agreement imi.v bo registered in the siiid office in the same manner on pavincnt of a like fee: 4 5 Kdw. VFI. 1005, ch. 2. Time for Regiitration. 18. No instrumeiitM «hidl he receive*! or registered li> n. County Court cleric after the time limited by thih Act fot- tli.' registration thereof, and the words "within twenty days t'nim the date thereof." defining the time within which such iiistru ments shall lie regiHtered, Hliall be deemed to exclude eitli. i tli • first or the last day: 6;j and 64 Vict. eh. .'11, see. l."), pnrt Sundays and Holidays. 16. Where, under the provisions of this Act, the tiiii ■ tor registering any instrument mentioned in this Act expir.-s (in :i Sunday, or other «lay upon which the office in which tin' i. i;is tering is to be made is closed, and by reason thereof the n(,'Nt. r ing cannot he made or done on that day, the registering sliill, so far as regards the time of doing or making the same. Ii, h. 11 to be duly , iti»„ of Records. •^.'P sec. :n of the Ontario Act. Certified Copies. 19. A copy of any original iiwtrument registered or state '••' -le under the provisions of this Act. cTrti Jt b , : "■■I'i . :,e*i;:t ;■' ""T""" •" "■" ^" "■>'» >• ,,.., , . ' ' *""" '*' received in evidence only of Mie fief ^'•""' ■" the indorsement: 63 and .M- Viet. ch. 31. Ll ''"■lifixl Copies. ^•■'' >.p. 27 of the Ontario Act. Henewal of Mortgages. to h. ^ahd. as agauLst the cre.iitcn. of the person or ft . I II i\ '<; !■ ■k 1 li 1 il "i 1 -il rii;i I !l, 1 !'l I t, I 11^ 'iiia Hll.l* OK SAI.K AM) ClIATTKI. MiiHTll XiiKH. pentoiiH iiiiikiiiK th»' Miiiif anil HKHiimt NiiltiMtiucut piinhiotcis aul iiiortgHiftt* ill Koo*! faith for kjkxI or vnluahlt- coiiNid.raiiiPi after the cxpiratuiii of two ymn from the day of III.' n-Ki.'^ti i tioii thcn'of. uiil«-!«i, within thirty (layn lu-.tt preceding tlir , s piration of the Haid term of two years, n Htalement exhiltitiiii: il, interent of the mortgagee, hia exeeuton, iMiminiHtratorM or oili. i awiRim. in the property elaimed hy Maid mortgHge, iiiid sIi.hii,- the amount Ntill due for prinei|)al and interest theieuii, ml Mhi'wiug nil paymentH on aeeount thereof, with an iirtidiivii mi the nior!jjiHfee, or one of se\cral inortgageei*, or of the ,is.sii,'ii . > or one of »M'Verid anaitfiieeH, or of tiie agent of the mortgnu'i ■ m iwaignee, or iiiortgageeN or aHaiglieeH (ax the eiw iiy lie , tii i the Mtatemenl ia true, and that the mortgage has not In, n I, pt alive for any fraudulent pun>»u'. ia tiled in tlie oHiee of tlu' < i. lU of the County Court wherein aueh mortgage was originall\ i.i.'i> tennl (expe|)t in ease the goo ni the last preceding section, and likewise verified, shall !■ !il' in the office of the clerk of the County Court of the jn I, liil division wherein the mortg«ge was originally ic'ristir. ' ' x- TIIK MWITOHA .\(-r. 29.1 '"'" ."" "'»••**•"'• "i"".. fh.rlv .la.vH ,...x, ,,n ,|i„^r ,h,. ..,. p.rM.,on or .h.. «.i.l „.n.. of .wo y..„n. fro.,. ,1... ,|hv of ,|,.. r.- .m..-r.nK of fh.- ,t«te,„..„, r..quire.| hy .ai.l |hh, pri*,..lin« ...... t.«n o.l,..r>v.H.. N.„.h Miorf^HK.. hI.hM .■...«.. to 1. vhIhI ,.. H^Hinn, .•r..,l..orH of .1... ,„.r.on or .mthohh ,n«kinK th- nam., h.,,! a, i-KHmH. ,,urelu.8,.n. «n.l ■aorf«H«,.,.H i„ ^^i f„i„, ^^^ , ^^ vHl,». ,le <.o,..i.l..ration; «„.! ho on ..ver.v two > .„rH. aa long a, .t ,.. .I..s,re.| ,0 k...^, .H„..h ,H„rtK«K.- »liv..: «.l a„.| w Vic-f .h •I I. si'c. 22. Siibmiiutnt lUnrwah. S.-.'w'c. 21 (7) of th.. Ontario Act. Affidavit for Benewal. 22. Tl... affi.lavita n-qnir.-.l U ,h, ,«,. |„., ,„vc,,lin^ s.,- ..- .na.v .. .„„,. u>- an, n....t of kin. ............ „r „ 1,,.. ' - "t any .lm.«HHl n.or.,^«..,, or by any „Hai,„..,. e,«i.,.i„^ ,,, ". thro„«l, any ...ort^a^.H. or any n-xt of kin. ...v..,.„.«r or a.l- -.Hmstn.t„r of any a.u-h aaai........ or ., th.- ...n, „f .„.,,. n.-xt .'t km ..x..outor. a.ln.ini^trator or a^si^n.-: I.uf if the am.lavi, ;,'.*■ '• ;"-^ '"""^""•'' "-' «f l* — -.r or a,ln.iniHtrator "I -n s„..|. aaa,gn..e. or l.y „,.. av'-nt o; su.-h n.xt of kin --or. a.ln.iniatra,or or a.saiK. th. .ssi.nnu.nt or t ' .■veral a..,,n„u.„ts thron.h which sue, i....... „,,„.., ,,.,.„ -K,.,..r...i ,„ ,h.. otticv in whi..h ,h,. ...or.Ka,.. ,.s r,.„.st..r...l ; '•'" "^ "'~'"- "• - •"■••"••'• the „ of such r...,nin.. ,. ■ -I, .s.s,„n..... next of kin. ...x.-cntor or a.l.uinis.rator of h nl ••*'K' : M and 64 ViH. eh. .Jl. .s.v. 2;{. /'■' '" li'il Aflhiaiitn. ^•■.. .s,.,.. 21 (8) of th.. Ontario Act. Regittration. A..r'!..;n",;';;;?"' "! •""■^^"^'^ """•"• ^'"' p---- «•• tins '1 IK. duly and punctually reeoni.l hy Count v Court proviMona of the .sevonteenf. action hm^.f. All a.s. 11' i .1 '. '! I" :'l I t i !i i i. If 294 BILLS OK SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. Kignments of mortgages shall likewise be similarly reconi.-ii : 63 and 64 Vict. ch. 31, sec. 24. Recording Hrnrivnls and Assignments. See sec. 32 (1) of the Ontario Aet. Limitationi. 24. \o renewals of inortgap-s shall be received or regist. iv.| by any County Court clerk after the time limited by this .\ri 1 and 2 Kdw. Vll. ch. 28, sec. 3. RtctificaiioH. It would seem that the Court may refuse rectification of tlif maturity date of a mortgage so as to make it conform to ih. agreement of the parties, where, if rectified, the mortgagor wuuM still have been in default, and the variance could not affect liis rights in an action claiming premature .seizure: Maver v .ALikv (Man.), 15 W.L.R. 128. See sec. 21 of the British Columbia Act. OmluioBi and Erron. 248. Subject to the rights of third persons, aeerucil l.y i i. son of r,uch omissions or misstatements n& are hereiuaft.r 1 •- fined, any Judge of the County Court in which any such ill^tru ment has or should have been registered, on being satislicil ili.it the omission to register a mortgage or other transfer of [.. isnn;il property, or any assignment thereof, or any statement .iii.| i- davit of renewal thereof, within the time prescribed In this Act, or the omission or misstatement of tlie name, r.si.l, n. nr (xeupation of any person in any such instrument, was iicii i. i;t il or due to inadvertence or impossibility in fact, may, in liis ,| s eretion, order such omission or mis-statement to Im- r.-.tili.i l.y the insertion, in the register of the true name, resid.n v ■«■- eupation, or by extending the time for such registration, on mi li terms and conditions, if any, as to security, notice by adv.ii >'- ment or otherwi.se, or as to any other matter as he tin iks lit to direct. [As amended by ch. 1, lf)(>S fMan.).j li ih THE MANITOBA ACT. 295 OiMhuge of Mortgage!. M. Where any mortgnge of goods an.l chattels is registered under the provisioas of this Aet. such mortgage mav be dis- oharped or partially discharged by filing-, in the office of the cl-rk of the County Court of the judicial clivision in which such .nortgage is in force and etfeet, a certificate signed by the mort- K»gee, his executor or a.l.ninistrator, or by his or their ^.^si-Mu-e under an assignment or assignments registered as l,v this Act provuled. or by the executor or administrator of anv such as sij,-..... or by any of the ela.ss of persons authorized to make affl- •lavits under the provisions of the twenty-^eeond section hereof w nch certificate .shall be in tlH- forn. following, or to the like ■ mrt :— I of has {t'lirm ,,f l)i.isrhar!,e of Chattel Mortgage. ^"" sec^. 28 and 29 of the Ontario Act. Ml \ n 1 ■ 1 i , i 1 296 BlU^ OK SALE AND niATTEI, MUKTOAdKS Disvhargr without Paynutit. If the discharge be Kiven without actual payment or satis faction, and merely to prevent attachment of the mor"g«i X it .8 f raudu ent and void; and it is doubtful whether 1„^. , /Wr transaction it would l.e a nleaae of the debt as well as , the security: Manitoba v. Bolton (189;j), 4 W.L.T. 114 Attestation of Discharge. 26. The sai.l eertifieate of .liseharjfe or partial diseh;., shall have nuiorsed ther.>oii an affidavit of th.- subscril.i,,^. wi, ness to the e.xecution ther.-of by the person entitled or , ,„ powere.1 by this Act to sifrn the «i.me, which shall al.so staf .!„• dat.. on which the same was e.x.^uted; and such eertificat.. .,1 discharge or partial discharge shall have no force and .-m-.t e.xeept as between the parties, until the same has Invn registwv.! as by this Act provided: «:{ and 64 Vict. ch. ;il. we. 27. Rii/istrnlion of Pisrhnnji . (.'oinpare see. 2!) of the Ontario Act. Entry of Discharge. 27. The clerk of the County Court of the judicial divL^icii with whom the chattel mortgajfe is registered or in vvhi.li tii. same is in fore- and ertV-et. upon receiving such certiti.,.!, .,f ilischarge or partial discharge, shall enter opposite to or a.n.ss th.- original entry of registering the mortgage, in the l.,),.k ..r iMKiks kept for that purpoN,. as afon-said. the following tt..r,l> "dischargwl- (or "partially discharged") "by ....rliii,:,!. number" {.liatiny thr ninnbrr of ll„ rntifimtru tn wlii.l, th, County Court clerk shall affix his name; and he shall ;ilso in dorse the fact of the discharge or partial discharge upon fii, in strument am^-ted, to which he shall also affix his name: (;:i m.i 64 Vict, ch. .'U. sec. 28. flntry of Dischaiy, . See sec. 29 of the Ontario Act. TUE MANITOBA ACT. 207 Certiflcate of Oitoharre. 28. Any person r..gi.toring « .lischarg,. or partial discharge of mortgage, as aforo«,id. 8h«ll U- ...titled to a«k for and. upon payment of the statutory fee in that behalf, n-ceive from L clerk a certificate of such .iischarge or partial discharge of such mortgage m the form following or to the like effevt -.^^ (Certifiralf of Discharge of Mortgage.) Province of Manitoba, ) County Court of i , . ""> °' and registered . *'"y °* . made between A.B.. of «s mortgagor, and f;.D., of „, mortgaL^ee. has been filixi m the office of the County Court of on this ( oiisist of, dcintbtng the chattels or propcrti, ) (iiven under my hand an.l the seal of said Court. E. M.. rurk. «:{ and (i4 Vict. ch. 31, «ec. 29. Removal of Good*. 29. In tl,.. event of the permanent removal of goo''.vment and .lischar^re of the mortgag,-. a certifie.l copy of 'I- mort.^.ge. umler the han.l of the clerk in whose office it -s h... ,.egi.t..reto re- movT J" '"'" "'*'"'• ''^''"' "''"'" '•'^ '"«°»»«' f^-o-n ^''-h r.'- n»_be registered with the clerk of the County ("ourt of the '.I .hv,s.on to which the goods and chattels, or anv por- '-" thereof, are n-moved: otherwise the said goods and chat- 'S,.j,|. : f ¥ i" !! 298 BILLS OP SAL£ AND CHATTEL MOKTUAOES. tela ahall be liable to seizure and sale under execution, and in such casi- the mortgage shall be null and void as against crt-di tors of the mortgagor and against subsequent purchasers ami inortf igres in good faith for good or valuflblc consideration, hs il' never executed: 6:} and 64 Vict. ch. HI, sec. 25, part. Siih.sifiiirnt I'urchanrrs. The "subsequent purchaser" mentioned in this s.-.tio,, against whom a chattel mortgage will cease to be valid upon goods remov.'d out of the division where it is registered, unl. s, a certified copy is registered in the division to whica the ^oiuU have been removed within six months after the reinov.d, inu^t be one who purcuased after the expiration of such jxriod Of >k I'.c^ths: Hulbcrt v. Peterson (1905), 36 Can. S.C.U. :{24. lol lowid; Koper v. S.ott, 16 Man. L.K. 594; s.-c 4.1 V.L.i. :{T i See also see. 19 of the Ontario Act. Record of Removal. 30. The clerk of the County Court of the judicial iiivi.Mou from which any goods and chattels mortgaged shall be r.mo\. i to another judicial division or other judicial divifions, .sludl m.'.' in some one or more of the books required to be kept In Imu under the provisions of the seventeenth section hereof, tii. ! i, i of the 'lelivery to any mortgagee or assignee of th.- (crtiii.,! copy of the mortgage for the purpose in the last pr.c.liu,' section mentioned: 63 and 64 Vict. ch. 31, sec. 2."), sub-.s-.-. ,; ; 1 Kdw. VII. ch. 22, sec. 3. lit cord of licmoval. See sec. 20 of the Ontario Act. Renewals. 31. Kvery mortgage upon goo<'8 and chattels remov-.l fi.nH on.- judicial division to another judicial division or oth.r ni li eial divisions shall lie renewed in like manner as ri'(iuir.,l l.y the twentieth and twenty-first sections hereof to all iiitint> ii 1 purposes as if such mortgage in the first instance had Ihvm tiiM registered in the County Court office or offices of thr ji ii il THE MANITOBA A«T. 299 .livision or divisions in which sai.l goo 'JL\ t -' K.lw. VII. ch. 28, sec. 4, part. " " '^ ' ' ""'' iluin.j, in District Boundaries. Sc" sec. 22 of the Ontario Act. LimitatioM of Time. of such change of territory, the goo, sec. 4, part. Chattels in Several Judicul Diviuoiu. 34. In cas*' any such instrument related to goods and elicit tels. some of which are in the territory remaining in such (irsi mentione«l judicial division, and others in such new .ju(li,i;il division, a certified copy of auch instrument and of the aflS.i(tvit> and documents and instruments relating thereto, under the s, ,,| of the Court and under the hand of the clerk in whose orti,, it may lie on tile, shall l>e prepared and transferred, on nqiMst of any of the jiarties interested therein, to the clerk of such ii. u jmlicial division in lieu of the original instrument or instni ments. in order that all the good« and chattels covered by am such instrument or instruments may continue to Ik- l>oun,l thereby in the said ivsjx'ctive judicial divisions. The cl.ik t..r preparing such copy or cojiies shall be entitle.1 to the hmhiI fees therefor, to Im- paid by the mortgagee or person rcqiirstai- such transfer: 1 and 2 Kdw. VII. di. 2H. s«'c. 4. |>art. Abolition of Judicial OiTislon. 36. When the territory coini)ris.Ml in any judiciiil ,\n<^um iKVomes absorbe.! by the transference by an order of tlir Li.n tenant-Governor-iu-council of the whole of such territory to a eontigumw ju- thus transferred Im-coiius al. olishe.l, all the bills of sale, chattel mortgages ami otii. r iti.siiu ments and documents registered or on file in the office of micIi judicial di»iHion under this Act or any former Act r.'(|iiiiiii); THE MANITOBA ACT. .•«)1 .h.. reg.HtrHt.on or fili,,,, of nueh i«.,ru.....,.tH. „n.l all Looks of neonl rjlnUu^ th.-reto. nhall Ik- re.nove.l bv th.- inspector of ( ou.^y ( o,,rt«. or oth.r person .iesignate.l by hi,,,, to the office or office, of sneh other .j.,.iicial .iivisio.. or .livisions a.s shall he .I.recte.1 by the onler-in-eouneil a,.,hori.ing the eha.,,e «o '""•';■= «"'J »" MU of sale, ehattel n.ort^ages an.I othe.- i,;,r.,. ments on,.na ly n-^iatere.! „r file.i un.ler this Act or sneh other A.t ... the j,..l.c.al .l.viaion so aholiahe.l. coverin,^ goo.ls or ehat- U-l. a.t..a e.l „. the territory .so tra,.ferre.l to the ju,licial .livi- S.O.. to wl,.ch such .nstr..,..e..,s shall have „ ^ „.„„,.,,, „,„„ H- .h.e...e,I to ave .n-e.. re-re.istere.l i.. ...,, j,.,,,,,, ,ivi.io„ ,„ «1 n.ents an.l p,.rpos,.s. and all the rec„.ire„.ents of this Act r.-l«t,„g to s.,ch i..atn..,.ents shall, for all the p,.rp«,.. of this ••"'•,' ""•'' ^" '"'^•" '•«■"" <"""I>li.-.> with: 1 ,,„,, 2 E.l,v VI[ ell. 2«. SM'. "). 8nl>-see. 1. Orden-in-conncil. 38. The Lieuten«i.t.(Jove,-..or.i...c.o,.ncil ,..ay fr„,„ ti.ue to '"."' make such further provisions and .lirectio.. JJZ^^ 'M- le..ned nec..,ary. and the provisions of anv order of t .- -u enant Oovornor-in-council already made in such a ea e "rr hereby rat.fied and confirmed: 1 an.l 2 Edw Vlf eh "m »"•<• ■>. sub-sec. 2. • 't. III. _». Fees of Clerki of County Conrti. 37. For aervices under this Act. County Court clerks .shall b« ' "t'tl'-d to n.ceive the following fees:- '•> For a y,.n,„| ,,a„|, |„.,„,,..j„. „„,^. '■> for (l|i„, „,.h ..ertifl,,,, „, ,|i„|„ „^ !l If. f i! 1; I I 1 r»i . 1 i j ■ I ! -. i'l . i , ( 1 i i:| 'I'i lii -■■ I ■ I ; i i: I h t ; 1- I I 3U2 BttivS OK SALE AND CHATTEL ilUKTUAUES. (d) For any certificate of regiatration or diacharprc or p;ir tial diBoharge, twenty-flvc centa; (f) For any oortificate under the nineteenth section of this Aft, twcnty.five eents; if) For the production and inspection of any instrum.nt ,„ statement registered or tiled under the provisions of this A, t or any former Act on the same subject, ten eents; (<7) For copieH of any document, with certificate, re>fi.sf.T, j or filed under this Act, or any former Act on the same sul.,-. ! ten eents for every hundred words; (A) For any other service not herein specifieallv prc.vi,!. j for, such sum as may Iw .letermined by the Lieutenant-Oovei no, in-eouncil : 6.} and (i4 Viet. eh. .31, sec. 20. Corpomtioni. 38. {As mnnuUd l!M(l.) |„ ,,^, „„. ^.-antee .,r ..iortK.v. under the third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh seetion.s of thu Act be a corporation, the affidavit of bona fi,l,s rciuire,! nni, , such sections, and the affidavit required by sections 20 and M of this Act, may b.- ma.le, an.f a certificate of discharge or p., tial d.scharpe of any such mortgage, under section 2r., mnv K. siKued, by the pi^-sident, vice-president, manager, assistant miim «ger, secretary or treasurer of such eo.-poration, or bv anv o,i,. r oftieer or agent of the corporation duly authorized bv resolute, „ ol the dire<'tors in that behalf, or, if the hea.l office' of th , pon.lion br out.si,ie the Province, then the said affidavit inn f,. made by any g.-n.-ra; or local manager, secr.-tary or .;:, ,n ,.f the coloration within the Province, an.l such certiti.ai m, BiKned shall be a v«li,| ,,n,| THK MANITOBA A.T. .in.i Affidavits for Corporation of lb€ pro™,™,, » to wi^mrat. for future a, vanoa f„, .h! «»utn> top the i,n,e, „ ooutained in action (i .'"•h.,^ of auch u„r„a„, a. prv'w ^Tt:,lT" It also provides that in the c-ase of n ?««.;„« • \'< ntioii of iiii<.h ;„ ♦ . foreign eorporatiou the -.tr^Ma^^ratzirr "■ ''"■- ''°'"" " ■ I.. »..! of ih, corpora ion T!.. provinw, and that '•'•-.h«r.e, in sr;;;;:: rs:.:;:;;::'''^-'^ "-^ M.,.h per.^,?" i" fl mortgagees." it must be shewn Sf^ If "l>nny nientione.l in the section. ns it will not be presumed Lil II ;W4 HIUJI or KAIJJ AND CnATTKL IIORTOAUEH Jf r i 'i If ! Orowinf Crop MortfafM. 39. Kvery mortKag... bill of nah, lit-n. oharrf... ine,„„l„, conveyauce, tranafer or aaaign.n^nt. ..x.rMt...! or .-nat.-l „n,| winch ,f iM infH,„l..,l to oprraf.. „„,! hav.. ..flr.M.t .m m-.-Mrilv, .|,,,n "I 8o far HN fl... mm,' hh8ui.u-ii to bind, compris... applv t.. or air«-t any growing crop, or crop t.. Ik- grow., in the fun.,.. ,„ HhoU. or in part. In. absolut.ly voi.l. .-.xccpt the same Im- „u„I, ex.cntcl or crcatcl «« a Kccurity for th." purchase price, „...| i„ tcr..«t thcr,M.n. of scmI grain. 6:j and (14 Vict, ch .{1 sec U I Edw. VI 1. ch. 22, «cc. 1. Mnrfijaiiis of (innriiifi Cropii. It WHS held that thJH .s.*tion will include a chattel .....riu-,, Kiven to ,. person on whos,. or.ler the m-ed ^rain is supp „, the mortgagor, and by whom the grain dealer whs p,.id Kir, I, hoffer V. ( lement ,1897,. 11 Man. L.R. 4«(). m.d it is nool.,. r,„„ to a mortgage on growing crops to secur,- the pric of s,..,! -r.ru supplied, that the grain lia.l not In-en sold to the nu.rt.-.go, K, the mortgagee himself, but was pun-hase.l by hiu. for tl,- „„., : gagorfrom « third party Mei,;hen v. ArnLstronir. M Mm u.n. .). Hut. un.ler this section of the Act. it is H f«f, „...,„„ ,„ a mortgage on growing crops or crops to he grown, if it is .„k.„ for anythuig iM-yon.l the price of the «m.,1 grain f.nnis I ,„„■ inten-st ther-on: Meighen v. Arnwtrong. 16 Man 1. H :. A lessor's right umler the ter.,.s of a farm lea.s.. to ,.u„ from the share of the croj) deliverable to the lease,- a sutli,-, • amount to cover tax.« an.l to n-pay a.lvances and othei- i.„|, l„,.,i new. IS a charge or lien upon crops to l)e grown in th. lu-:,,, and therefore void un.ler this section: CamplM-ll v .M-Kinnu,, i4 Man. L.K. 421. In the cas.' of Mowat v. Clement. :{ Man. L.l{ .-.S.", ,|„. ,„„rt- gagp, so far as it related to the delivery of on,, hnif of il„ , w,, and the fall plowing, was not within the statiif.' „! ail p. i ris therefore vali.l without regi.Ht ration. The chattel mortir. v pn-ssed to !«. void -if the mortgagors do cultivate all tli,. I„,.l<. i. Mill -.V '..^ sown • '-•«•< awwnrfcrf 19()8.) ^verv «.«.♦„ "'""' JfrowinK crim« „, ? mortgage or .n,-,.nihra...v ■■''<«< to aecu^ThepuIT ^"^ T""' '""^••*- -^-"*«"^- ^ "•" interest sUJ nntT /"'" °' ""^ '^™'"- "'^'^ - -»h- ^"^or. an, fatlo^ ; , 1"^ P"'^'^-'^ •-"-" by the .nort- .-.„..,., ' """" ^"'' "^"^ »" '^'«P«t .,f the l«„., 11 ] Jill ' i ji. I MH ! . i| I i^ ', ti ' to ^1! i' I!,iili '}: I -.I } i ■ I \ I 1 I nr •ma MIA* or HAI,K AND CHATTKI- MOBTOAOI*. upon Which .uch .*.d Kr.in hM h..n um-d for «.wing th. or.,,. during Ih. y«.r in which it i. .uppUetJ. or .ny cl.im of a mort Kage* of the «kl tend «ri.ing umler any term or eovenHi.t ■ condition contained in any .uch mortgaKc upon aa.d landn. by any writ of executi.m agninat the mortRHKor in the han.l-. .1 the .heriff or County Court bailiff at the time of the reKiHtn....n of Huch «.ed grain mortgage; but .uch ^^-d gram mortgage .l.a 11 Jh. a flmt and preferential mn-urity for the aum therein n.ent.on. a upon the crop covered by .uch m^-d grain mortgage against .„. and every other claim, aecurity or proc,... to which it i.n.'i,. otherwi*. iH. liable. [A. amemhMl by H Kdw. VII. (Man. . .1, J Crop I'numint* on Lra»f. I'nder a l.-aae for a year, dated .ith April, •-.•aerv.nu .,. rent one-third of the crojH. and providing that the leaa-v . ■ M thr«ih the grain and draw it to the elevator or ears to .e sior,! .nTnl ppefi a. nught In- agreed .H-tween the part.ea .n b- ....,,.■ oi the le«or. but fixing no time when that waa to be d -. .1^ - in no rent due until th .d of t^c yar. and a dmtn-s. , - . andlonl in Nove.nh - following, ia illegal. A d.atr.^ tor , n, inmlawful if the tenant ia not in poaaesaion at the tune: .M. ..1. n V. Armatrong, l« Man. L.R. '). AfldaTlt of Bona Fide.. 41 Kvery mortgage or incumbrance upon growing emi,, nr .ropa to iH. grown, made or created to «H;ure the purchas- ,.>..■ of ..'e,! grain, ahall Ik- hebl to Ik- within the provisions ..l Uns Act- and the affidavit of bona fiiU* of the m..rtg..g.v o, h,s „»rent ahall contain an a.lditional or further statement tl..; . i„g,..„.l of following' the words of the statute, namel> . Hm. t e «,me ia taken to secure the purehaae price ..f «'hI l^™"' ' "1, ^ina a atatement that the mortgage ia taken "for ».'ed e- -n, taina a HiHii III . . o u \i hmv> rh 89 mv 8. i <" s not and the Interpretation Act, R.S.M 190- ch. H» w-c. cure the .lefect: Kirchhoffer v. Clement, 11 Man. L.K 4"' THK MANITUHA .\(T. 307 divenn-nwf from a itatutory forii! n not neccNurily imraateml »H*au«. It doe. not alter th.. •■ff.^t of the inatniinent : Thotaaa V. Kelly, l.J A.C. 50«, iliatinguiBlinl in H«<| v. Hrailley, (1894) 1 y.H. .nf). and Hpproved in I)' ■Iraam v. Foni. (190<)1 1 Ch. 142; aee also He Hiwltine Ch. 464. Thin section ix p , . V. I.o>ran. » Man. L R. 42.J ! ilcr the Act, a« it then h' ' i to Ih" KFOwn did not red it iH'inu conMiderod th ■ ' ' . they apply only to ^. , s iMiinediate delivery f ' •.•,, i of poMMMwion. Cha; nurt tlTirtual luih'w ((iven I > ^ i ii this Kt'ction, niuat In- pr. v,;, ,, not etipahle of complete traii i. i li.v the Act; we alau Ilainilttj • 'l V. Hcaeltine. 11891] 1 to tb" teeiiion in Clitford ; » 1' held that, un- i.l'tc' i' .)rti ,1 ')vcrini< rrops ,iil • ' thin the Act. .1 : r ' f II' t Hhewa that .1 ■ ! .. iirili • re enti Iw an 1 ^H hi; 1 : I" .tinned ehiinffe ' .! To i !••■ ,0 lonifer to he 1) • ' t Ki;- ' ftTHin. and hy r >;i.| '' Other personalty •■■ ■..■ll. ^ 1 naina nnatreeted INIIIJ I' r.c.tin. 127. The n-peal and auliatitutinn .•,..o..l i.n thin Meetion do not Htr.Tt ao inatnimenf exi«finK prior to the Act; an.l where the •laiMiants held a chattel inortRai^e hy which the mortK«Kor atrre-'d that all the crops of ^rain which the inortjragor iniffht from fmie to time »rrow on th.- land, until the whole principal mi.i inten^t secured thereby should Im- fullv pai.l. «ihould h, ■M.lud.-d in the mortjTBKe. "and that the inortCT^^or would, from tun., to tim.'. upon requ.-at .'xecute such further mortifajre or j"ort«a)p.s of such croi>«. to the intent that such crops ahoul.l !"■ 'ffectually held as aecurity for the pavment of the .lebt till nhy secured." it was held that an instrum.-nt creatiuR onlv »n •■•piifahl.. charge upon property not at th.. tim." in .'xiatene." ill; not. prior to this Act. come un.ler the Kills of Sal.. Act' \Miil.- th.. instrum..nt could giv.. no title hv it.s..lf nt !,iw y.-t til' ajrn-ment to (jive the further w.eurity was .-nfor ihlV in "lii't.v. an.l such a title would !).■ attriluite.l to the n tgngoe as to warrant the Court in r..«training others from int , fering *yll, It to hiH injury. Such .Kjuitable title to future acquired tliatf..U can Ih. a»«.rted in interpleader against an execution 'r. ifor: Bank of British North America v. Mcintosh (1897). 'I Mini. L.R. .503. Separate Remitter. 42. Every County Court clerk shall keep a distinct an.l sep- ■"■'ti- r..(ri8ter or hook, in which all wed grain mortsa-i^s rc- ' I t it I - ii il i i 306 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAaER. giatered shall be entered, and shall furnish any informHtion with regard thereto on payment of a fee of twenty-five cents: 63 and 64 Vict. ch. 31, sec. 34. Separate Register for Srrd Orain Mortgages. See note to sec. 39 of this Act. Certiflcatet. 43. Every County Court clerk shall, upon payment of a iv of fifty ci'nts, give a certificate settinjr forth the chattel mort g)igt>s reifistered in his office HKHinst any person or corporation, and shall he n'sponsihlc for the correctness of the infonnation contained in such certificate: 63 and 64 Vict. ch. 31, sec. H'l. Railway Equipment Mortgages and Trust Deeds. 44. {Added 19(>4.) The provisions of this Act, a« to tilinL' and registration of liili.s of sale and chattel mortgages in tin offices of clerks of County Courts, shall not apply to morliri ;■ s by railway coiiipaniiss including cars, c(|uipment. rolling stti.k or other chattel property of railway companies, but such \\\'>\\- ga^es may l>e filed and rt'gistered in the office of the I'rovirn i.il Secretar>' of the Province of Manitoba, and on such filing' ami registration shall have priority from the date of such filitii; mu\ shall remain in force until the same have been discharged ,iij{Hj,'.',. or one of the mortgagee.s, to the elTiH-t "'•'f tlu' said ii.ortKag,. or eonveyanee was execute.I in goo.i li'itl. and for the express purj.os,. of securing th,. pavm.'nt of ""■ I'onds or d,.bentnn.8 n^ferred to therein, and not for the pi.r- l'"^" of protecting the goo,Is and chattels m.-ntione.l tlier.in ■ -I t • 1 1 I'] !:!' i- i i I \ i 310 BILX« OP SALE AND CHATTEL MORT0A0E8. afrsinst the creditora of the mort^agora, or of preventing the m' ditors of such mortgagors from obtaining payment of ;in.v claim against them. Time for Filing. (2) In the case of any such conveyance or mortgage niiilf by an incorporated company, the head office whereof is not witli in the Province of Manitoba, such mortgage or eonveyanci' miy be filed within thirty days instead of twenty days, and the siin. shall be of like force, effect and priority as if the same hiui 1. n filed within such twenty days. Bcnewala. (3) Any 8Ueh mortgage may In* renewed in llie maniu r n 1 with the effi-ct provided by section 20 and sulwequeiit s.nions of this Act, upon the filing of a statement by the mortgaKi • one of the mortgagees exhibitiust the interest of the mortui-' • or mortgHgees in the property claimed by virtue (rf lln ^.i I mortgage, and shewing the amount of the bond or dil» niur. debt which the same was made to weure, and shewing' nil ji^ ments on ac or of which he is aware or has been informed, together witli 'i affidavit of the person niakinj; such statement tliat tlie >i.it • ment is true to the In'st of his knowledge, informalioii ;iii'l I' lief, and that the mortgage has not been kept on toot ! .: tn fraudulent ptirpose, and Niieli statement shall In- til. .1 m-- i I of the statement required li\ said section 2(1 of this Act Corporation*. (4i If anv nioitpine a.s aforesaid Ke iiuuie to an i porated company the several affidavits and siaiiim nts i. :■ ;ii mentioned may be made !iy thi- president, viee presidiiii a ager or asaiHtaut-maiiager of such niortnaj'ee coinpjinv • n: other officer of the company authorized for sueh purptw Tmt MANITOBA ACT. .{11 Certiied Copy of By-law. (5) Where such mortKatn? or coiiveyancf is made as a sec- urity for debentures and the l»y-law authorizing the issue of the debentures, es a security for which the mortgage or conveyaiue was made, or a copy thereof, certified under the hand of thi- president or vice-president and secretary of the company and verified by an aflfiil.ivit of the si-cretary thereto attached or en- dorsed thereon, and having the corporate seal attached thereto, is registered with the mort);a»re or conveyance it shall not tie tiwessary to renew the said mortgage or conveyance, but tiic same shall in such case continue to be as valid as if the same had been duly rvnewed as in this Act proviiled. Effect on Accrued Righti. (<)) The preceiling 8ub-8e<'tioii mIihII apply to eveiy hui li iiiorfk'age or conveyance made and registered afti-r the rirsi (iiiy of January, 1902. but nothing herein contained shall Hir.cf "iiy accrued rights or any litigation pendin^' on the day this A. 1 shall come into fon«e. |Sci-. 4.') added by 4 Kdw. VII. i Mnn. < rli. 2. 1 \CT KK.SPKCTINX} DISTRKSS .\M) KXTR.\-.iri)iri.\l. SKIZIKK. (R.S.M. I!»(t2. ni. 4!t.j Coiti of Seisiire. 8. .\« person \vho80«'Ver making' any seixure under the auth- "iity 01 any chattel mortgage, bill of sale, or any other e.xtra- ' I'jirial process whatso.ver. nor any person whosm-ver. em- I'lii.vi d ill any manner in makinjr such seizure or doini,' an.\ iict ^liatso<'ver in the course of such seizure or for earryin-r the ''■irnr into effect, shall have, take or receive oiil of the jiroi Is I tlie goods and chattels s«Mzed and .sold, or from the person asjainst whom the seizure may be directed or from any other person whomsoever, any other or more costs and eluuyes lor and ill respect of such seizure or any matter or thintr done therein or I i 313 BILLR OP SALE AND CHATTEL UORTOAGE8. ! :l I 1 thereunder than such aa are fixed in Schedule A to thia A.t. and applicable to each act which ahall have been done in coutn.' of Mich seizure, and no person or penions whoaoever, Hhall riuik.' any charjje whataoever for any act, matter or thing m.-nticMhil in the said schedule, unless such act, matter or thinjf mIihII hn, been really jwrformed or done. Prnalty. 9. If any person inakinK luiy diHtit-HH or wiziire n-ferr.-il i,. n the seventh and eighth sections of this Act. shall take or r.c, i, any other or greater costs than are set down in the sai'l sch.ihii, or make any charge what**oever for any act. matter or li in. mentioned in the said schedule and not really done or p.t lor ! the party aggrieved may cause the party making t\u- sanl h tress or seizure to Iw summone. i.. getlier with costs as aforesaid, the judge may order cx.ni' i..ii . he issued against the goods anil clialt.'ls of the parly or.lm i '.. pay the said i-ioneys. Agreements ai to Fees. 10. .Nothing conlained in this Act shiili invalidair ;m\ ixj. • ,- agreement entered into for the oli.j.'ct of varviiisr tlir i, ., - down in Ihi' Nehcdule to tiiis Act. SciiKnn.i; .\. ( Sf( tiinis 7. S. I Tariff of Feei. ( 1 i Li'vying distrcsH. oin- dollar (^l.tH)!. (2 1 .Mill! ill pos.sessi()ii per day. one dollar .iikI ttftv ■ ir % ' 1^> THE MANITOBA ACT. .{l.J (3) Appniwement, whether by one appraiser or more, two cent, on the dollar on the value of the gooda up to one thou8«n.l dollara, and one cent on the dollar for ea-h .....l.tional one Ihoiiaawl dollars or poHion thereof. (4) Ail reaaonal.l,. and neceaaarv .liabiiiwenients for adver twinfi:. (5) Catalogiu', mW. .ommi^Hion a.id d.-livery of Roods five |..r ...nt. on th.- n.-t. pnK....,ls of th.- k-khIs up to one tho„'«n„,! 'loilars, and two an,,i,. '•<■ assignment for the iR-netit of all ..r any „f th,- .r .lil.irs ..f .|„ .t"'i(fmeMt .lebtor execute,! by him after the r.-<-.-ipi bv th.. .sh-ntf <'t siiel, writ of ex,s-,itioii, or whieh. by virtu.- of tli.- provisions of 'I' • K'lls of Sale ,mA (.'liatt.l Mortgage Act. has not tak,.|, ,.tre..t I" r tn such r,.eeipt as agiunst ll r,-,|it„r or er,-,iit,.rs int.r "7"' ''■'■ "'" •"""•'"'""• •"" ^i"ill -lot tak,. prioritv t.. ., /„„.. '"'■ ;il" by the .ju,IgMi,.nt ,lebl„r. f„||ow.-,l by an a.tual an.! ' ■"■ii"i,.,| change of p.«H,.sKioii. of any of his g,M.,ls ,„ hatl..l,s ""''""• ^""'"1 "oti'-o lo the pur,-has,.r that siu-b »rit U in the ^^ i^ "( the sheriff „f fl-,. j,„|i,.ia| .IJstriet «!„■,,,„ tb,- s,,.,| [;! •H ,i a ll p H:M.M; I 314 BIIXK UP HALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOEH. judgment debtor reaidea or carries on biuinen: R.S.M., oh. '>!, Kc. 20; 1 and 2 Edw. VII. ch. 2, kc. 11. Seirare of Equity of Bedemption. 12. On any writ of execution against goods and chattels, tln' sheriff or other officer to whom such writ in directeil, or who m.iy have the execution of such writ, may neize and sell tin- iiii< i'> si or «M|uity of rtHleinption of the party against wluim such writ Ins issued, in any goods and chattels, and such sale shall )i*- iulil to convey whatever intertMit the mortgagor had in such goo«K aiiil chattels at the time of the seixure: R.S.M., ch. 53. sec. •_'!. Thf Word "Man." It is clearly the sheriff's duty, notwithstanding 111'- iin. nf the word "may" in the statute, to wize and sell the t'(|uit\ (,t n demption i; mortgaged chattels when such e<|Hity Ls Viilii.iili : Massey Mfg. Co. v. Clement, 9 Man. L.R. 3of>. Mortgagei Liable to Seisnre. 13. .\ny sheriff, liy virtue of any writ agaiiutt jtomls In )■ lo- fore or hen-after sued out of the (.'ourt of KingK Uiii.li inr .Manitolm, insy and shall st>ize and take any mortgHge oi Mint gages of nral or personal estate, cheijues, bills of ixcIkhil''. Iionds, pnnniasory notes or other Hecurities for inoiiey ni ilu' jmlgment debtor against whom such writ issueil, or in «lii. ii ln' liai any interetit ; and in addition to the reme by reason of the insolvency of the person liable to |>iiy tin payable under such mortgHge or other sei-urity. or if (>>i- tl; ■•■vw or any other reason such suit might Im- imtre on. m :- i .m h.-iietieial to the judginent creditor in such suit, the sJiim in the same manner ami after such advert i««'enent tin n .- is L'll "t I Mll'l ll! illl . M.lil ■ ill.'! '■M^i^sss^^mm^ ■^^fsmm THB MANITOBA ACT. 315 required for the sale of auy grHkU or chattel« aeia-.i iimh'r any writ against goods iaaiied out of said court, and apply the pro- cmls of such sale in the same manner as on a aah' of jrooda and chaftela; and the purchaser of any mortgage or oth.-r security UH aforeaaid shall by such sale to him become the owner <.f the in- lenut of the judgment debtor in such mortRage or security ,it the time of its seizure, and, in the cas.' of a mortgage on huKls. sliall by such sale to him acquire the interest of the mortgagee in the lands comprise- office or land fitU-s ottice : K S.M.. ,.h. .Vt. *■,•. JJ. TIIK COINTV COrRT .\(T (R.S.M. 1!M»L>. ,11. ;ts.j Execation Against Equitable Interett in Goods. 182. On any writ, prwept or warrant of exti-iilioii. or iin.eesn 111 111.- nature of execution, agaiiwt goo.ls and chattels, the l.^iiitr '" .lli.vr In wiiom the same is delivered for e.xeeiition may sei/.e ■II ■! wll the interest or «M|uity of n-^lemption in any gcHxIs or ' 'ii.ls of the party against whom the same lias i.ssue.1 ,in.l sii.h ^'1' shall convey to the purchaser thereof what.ver inlere.st th<' I iity against whom such process ha« issued liati in ^.i.h gomU or '•battels :>\ the time of the s-fzure therw.f : U.S.M . ,.h M. s.m-. i- i' {» '"I ?U*S ^It^ -Ci -*.(.. iT. ^ iJ!«-- m: f ?! »1A BILUt or HAI^ AND CIIATTKI. MORTU.UIKS. Equitable Interegt; Cropa. In an interpleader iarae between an execution creditor iiml the claimant of a quantity of grain aeized in atack. unthn>8hr.l. it appeared that the claimant let to the execution debtor Ww farm on which the grain hdd been grown by an indenture rewrv ing aa rent "the share or portion of the whole cnfft whiili nhall be grown upon the demiaed pnuniaes aa hereiiiaftrr wt forth," and the leaae providefi that the leaaor might retain from the ahare of the crop that waa to l)c delivered to the Irowee n sntTi cient amount to cover taxes and to repay advanc«>H and ottur in- debtedneaa; that the leaaee, iinmedintely after threahinir. hIumiIiI deliver the whole crop, excepting hay, in the name of the l.ssor, at an elevator to be named by the leMmr; that all cropH of u'liiin grown upon the aaid premiaew should l)e iiiid remain the iilisulni. property of the lessor until all covenunts. conditionM. provisiKS and agreementH therein eontained aiioulil have Imvh fully k. |ii. performeil and satiHtied ; iind that the lesHor should deliver to tlj, leaaee two-thirda of the priK>e*>ds of the crop to W stored in ih. elfvator, less any sum retained for taxes, or guaranties previoiwly mentioned. The grain in question lii.l until its m-izure under the pJaintilT'H exe<-ution, reniHiniHl on :li. fiirm in the posat'ssion of the lessee. The elaimaiit eini I ii is owner unih-r the terms of the lease, and not for rent: li ^l^ held, that the leaae did not operate to prevent the IcsMer i . n ever having any property in the griiin to lie grown. T' r. even if the legal ownership of the gnviii was to be in thf lix^.u. ji W!W still, lis to two-thirds, held for the U-iu'tlt of the less4'. suIm.. I to the lessor's chiirjfe for tiixj-s and a.Mi.'i ^>-'. now ehapi.T 11. IJ sM. liMrj. tut'. :{!•, as Iteing a eliiirjr«- ir-ii erops to K<- srrown in the future. That the interest of tin- l.-..^. .• in the gr^in, whether legal or only e<|iiit»)>le, was sulijei't mil. r WH'tion Irt'J of the County Courts Aet. R.S.M. Ifarj, , |, ■< !,, s>'izur>- and iwile under execution, illid tlliil the cliiiniiint v ,l. r est i-ould not prevail over that of the plainliflf: CjiiiiplMl! >. M- Kinnon. 14 Man I..K. 421. Seixnre of Secnritiet 186. rii. i.ailifT or other olTieer .Aall. for the l>. i.. ti- i -iv plaiiilitT. , ill any ehe TH« MANITOBA ACT. .JJ? bond!, .pecialtie. or other mMirit.v for raoney, ho «.i««| or taken a. aforenM, mm a necnrity for the a.uount directe M NEW BRUNSWICK. BILLS OF SALE ACT. (C.H.X.B. 1!H»:». cii. 142, and Ami:m>mi:nts.i Short Title. 1. Thin cliHptcr may In- cited an tin- " HHIh «/ Sali Ait." '•*'< V'ii't. oh. .">, we. ;K), am. Ciiiigtilulionality of Act. The jtoint was raiiivd. ou out- n«-cHMori. whether the orijrmil HtHtute respeetiiiK liilU of Hide wan not ultra Hns of |iroviin il leKialatiori, inasiiiueh aH it wax h'tri.Hlatioii upon the Hulgrct ni BoiveiU'v within Mi-- meaning of the "HritiMh North .Xiaiij.a Act," 1HH7, but the majority of the Court heKl a>fiun»t s;i. h a contention: Ke l)e Velier, 21 X.M.K. .W" UorttMgn of Chattel!. 8. Kvery mortKH^e or conveyjtnce intended to 0|ieiM'i ■<■< a mortgage of gootls and chattela, which in not accompli iii< J l'« an iiiiiiiediate (h'livery and an actual and continued ih.iiiu' <>> poNNcHHion of the thinp4 niortgatred. or ii true copy tl "t Hhall within thirty dayn from the exe. 1 ff i; Chamjr of Poitsis.'non. This Act does not a|)ply to a ca>i' which is consiiiiiiii.it' 1 .imiI completed by a elianue of actual pomesaion. as. for cv^uiiiil''. when, prior to the sheriff levyinij and seizinir. the (traiit.. n- MtXM or n.\LM ACT, N.B. U19 tern uid takM poMmion of thr perMnal proptrty dMicribril in the hill of ule: Mcl^nn v. UHI. .'» Kua. & (Jt-I.l., i? NHR. 128; »'.. ante ch. VI. of the t.'xt. And the ni.Te fact of *ain<> of the •lehtor'a family bfing on the pmnia*-* would not defeat the poMemion of the trrantw: Daviea v. .Ion.**. 7 L.T.N'.H. VU), (Jr«. hHiii V. Wilcockxon, 46 Fi.J.Kx. Tw. Sirnt Trade Aurremrnt. A ennditionnl nale Hirm-meiit when the prop^Tty in the ko«'<' ti. «H to Koo«iji »iupplie|.lied. but extended hIho to the Ixxik debta. thouxh the airr.'.-- iiint to take powMftaion of them did not amount to an asaimi- iiii'iit. ^iilijn tmaliir of Mortyiuft . The worda "fiofnU and ehattels" are .l.-fined bv weefion 2S '" "" K^o*'"- furniture, pieturea ancl other artieles eapable „f '•'•mpl.-te transfer by delivery: and the aame seetion indieatea 'li" Ha.s8.-H of tranaaetiona which are exeepted from th.. oiu-ra- titiii of the Act. Wli.r.- a person purchas<'d an enirin.- ami boil.-r in th.- State "t .Mmri.-. >rivin>r there a chattel mortjratre on th.. same. wlii,.|, «Hs ,|„iy registered acconlinff to the law of that alafe. an.l the "ii-'HM' an.l Iwder were then movetl to New Mrunawiek bv the morttrasror. who mortgaged to another person ther.-. th.> Maine I'mrtKi.K,.,. and hia aaaigna an» entitle.! to the chattels, althoujrh 'I' -iiortga>fe was not file,! in Xew Mrunswick. this A.-t not 1 1 j . i:! ( i ,H t ■:|- !i^ 1 1 1 . ; l.i;j ■ . it mCMtXXm MSOIUTION TBT CNART (ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No 2) ■ 42 ■ 2.8 1^0 ■^ tii 1^ Iti 136 ^ii 1^ \121 111114 ill.6 ^ APPLIED IM/OE In ^^ 165 J East Ua.n Street • Rochestef, New York 5*609 uSA r (716) *ar -0300 - phone I ('16) 288 - 5989 - f o!iial delivery thereof by the grantor in the words: "I deliver to you this horse to hold on the terms of the bill of sale," or words to that effect, will not engraft the horse on the instrument, or amount to a sufficient novus actus within the meaning of a tmiKs actus interveniens, to pass the horse at law to the grantee in the bill of sale. As to symbolical delivery, see McNab v. Sau,\ r. 9 N.S.R. 38. But a colt which is the progeny of a mare nu n- tioned in and covered by the bill of sale, though at the time of the execution of the instrument the mare was not in foal, will pass under such a description as above mentioned in accordance with the civil law rule "partus sequitur ventrem:" Nicholson v. BILLS OP SALE ACT, N.B. 321 Personal property may become altered in its character so as to become a fixture, but a pcn^on cannot, by affixinrperaonal nuT^'" ?' '"°^ °' ""'^'^*"' ^'^'^^^ ^^ ha; no right to aX r r Jtf^^'haracter, however, will be altered if such be the in- tention of the parties, and therefore a building ereSed on lanS but no further attached to it than by its own weight, w^ll become part of the freehold, if it is apparent that it w as enSed whh that intention: Doran v. WiUard, 14 N.B.R. 358. Manu^ Ivin^ chattel becaase ,t ,s not produced upon the land- FcLhav v Barnes, 1 Han. (X.B.) 452; Thomson v. Walsh. 2 All mZi if . he scattered upon the ground so that it cannot be gatied vZlflt o "''• """* consequently not a personal chattel- Yearworth v. Pierce, Aleyn, 32 Can. S.C.R. 31. So with tim cr • «hen such ,s sold with the right to cut, it becomes so s^n L' -vered, a personal chattel: Murray v. Gilbert, 1 liaii. (N^^ A sale of 50,000 bricks out of a kiln containing 100 000 to ItS ^'d te^r "".1 '''"^^ '^-'' '^ '^°^^'-' isVnTcuted contract and therefore, the property in the bricks nas.s..« tn e purchaser at the time of the sale; notwithstandbg'thtt the 1 nee of the bricks remain in the kiln in the vendor's yard ■>...l are never in any way separated from the rest of the ki n or appropriated to the purchaser: Close v. Temple, 20 NB R 234 And there may also here be added in support of the prVncSe '.'««e pnncpalis trahit ad se accessorium," that repLted r^^ .rs upon a boat one year after another, so that reX none of 1 ' original materials to the boat, except the machine!^ Tlaat Nrt.N entitled thereto, who, if he hold title under a bill of sale rtheAf' rr^"^"^"'"^ ^"^ *'"« thereto 'subsequent y r It ^^'^''""t Shipping Act. The reason is that only the o» nor has power to register under this latter Act and af thP ..no of registering the ownership was in the vendee und h "" of sale: Gibson v. Gill, 19 NBR 561 Jt ,«„»* ^ 21— lUU Of HIE. I !' if ! : PI ! '! I ; h' I i ! K i . il 322 BILUS OP SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. harbour of St. John must be transferred according to the pro- visions of the Merchant Shipping Act : Lloyd v. European, et«., Ry. Co., 18 N.B.R. 194 ; but a ship which has been wrecked may be transferred without a bill of sale, as there is a distinction founded on the law merchant between a transfer of a regis- tered vessel by the owner, which must be in writing, and the conveyance of a wrecked vessel by the master : Orange v. McKay, 1 Oldright, 5 N.S.R. 444. The mere continuance in possession by a grantor of a bill of sale, absolute in foi i., though it be evid- ence of fraud, does not necessarily make the transfer void. The case of Edwards v. Harben, 2 T.R. 587, doei not seem to be sup- ported by the current of later authorities: Sheriff v. McKeen. 2:{ N.B.R. 184. Sale or Return. A validly executed mortgage of chattels which had been de- livered to the mortgagor on option of purchase or return in- vests the mortgagee with a superior title as against the person who delivered them to the mortgagor on those conditions: W.nd V. Cormier (N.B.), 8 E.L.R. 466, referring to Moss v. Sweit, It) Q.B. 493; Ex parte WingMd, 10 Ch.D. 591: Kirkhain v. Attenborough, 1 Q.B. 201. While the rule, that, in the absence of agreement the jnir- chaser of a specific chattel cannot return it on breach of war ranty, may not apply to a sale providing that the property shall not pass until payment of the purchase price, it will apply in such case where the vendee, in addition to keeping the chatttl a longer time than reasonable or necessary for trial, has exercised the dominion of an owner over it, as by giving a chattel mort- gage of it to the vendor: Petropolous v. Williams Conipiiuy (Xo. 2), 3 N.B. Eq. 346. 42 C.L.J. 691. Adverse Seizure; Claim of Mortgagee. The seizure or sale under an illegal distress for nut of goods covered by a chattel mortgage, is an act of trespass whieh entitles the mortgagee to recover from the wrongdoer tlir full value of the chattels so seized: Clarke v. Green (N.H.i. 1 E. L.R. 552. The seizure under a distress for rent, or horses eoveiv.l by a bill of sale to secure the return of a quantity of grain and the payment of money constitutes, as against the mortgagee, an 1 .*-. BILLS Oy SALE ACT, N.B. 333 N.B.R. 323. possession : Coate v. Gosling, 20 Estoppel. the horse to secure the amount for whioh fhl h • Suhxtituted Chattels '■nj-'ine bv the mort^arrTn^..; ^ «"'«titution of a new engine giving the ^d^; ?n J .' '"°'''^''"°'' ^^''''''^^^'^ " °«^- -ill of s'ale on Ihe n^-Z LTeeuZf:; Z\'7'''\'''' '^ mortjragee, ly remaining silTnt mpeetW th. f ""'' ^l" ''"* learned of the same shortlv off 1 ^. *^ ''^''"«?^ '^^^'^ ^e olaiming the old engine i/L''^?' " °*** ^«*°PP«d f'''"" the.soeond bill of Tale sLT'T/ -"f' ^' *'''' "°* ^^^^^ of i^'ili'ier, J., dissenting) (Alien, L.J., and ii.»'»':i"r'rnri*''" 'r" "»'"• ""■»« »»- «irv .heir .LTh ™''.:tri'!-.i;'' •""" -:-'' '« tlie mortfflgTlo rater Th , I ''°'"'''' "*' ■»'' '«>•'"'!■ ■ f j» :, '"♦, 'I i 1 u r- Is 11 324 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL HORTOAOES. or in tlie event of the seizure of the property at the suit of jiny creditor, or in the event of the mortgagor disposing of or at- tempting to dispose of or make away with said property or any part thereof without the written consent of the mortgairii'. It was held, that it was clearly a condition of the mortiriiic and the intention of the parties thereto that the mor1)i:iLror should be allowed to sell or exchange the mortgaged propi rty, provided such sale or exchange was in the ordinary coui-si' (tf the mortgagor's business, and as to whether the exehanj.'. of a horse covered by the mortgage had been in the ordinarj- (Oiirse of the mortgagor's business or not was a question of fact. which had not been passed upon by the Court below, .mil there should be a new trial in order to have that point deter- mined: McPherson v. Momly, 35 N.B.R. 51. 36 C.L.J. ISti. The same case also held, that a verbal license given to tlie mortgagor before the execution of the mortgage by the ainnt of the mortgagee whereby the mortgagor was authorized in giii.ral terms to use the mortgaged property in the way he hail, can- not be given effect in face of the mortgage, which must be ink -n to contain the whole contract entered into between the panics. Chattel Mortgage when Collateral to Note. In a suit hy ihe mortgagor to set aside a bill of sale iiy way of mortgage, .in interim injunction order to restrain a sale by the mortgagee bad bwn granted upon condition of tlie mort- gagor paying into Court the amount due the mortgaf.'cc. It was contended that the bill of sale was collateral security for promissory notes, some of which had been indorsed over for value; but the Court held that the amount to be pai.l into Court should not be reduced by the amount of sucli imtes: Petropolous v. Williams Co., 3 X.B. Eq. 267. Fraudulent Preferences. A creditor has a right to save his debt by getting any legiti- mate security. But that ca. not be done when the ereditoi- knows of the debtor's insolvent condition and that he is aware that he is being pressed with claims by all creditors, and if under those conditions a creditor obtains a mortgage from the dilitor it will be declared void under the Fraudulent Preference Act: Tooke Bros. v. Brock, etc., (N.B.) 3 E.L.R. 271. If an assignment is made by an insolvent to his creditor BILLS OF SALE ACT, N.B. 325 by way of preference and that aasi^ment » hU own voluntary act, done on his own motion, it i« a prohibited act where it is given to secure an overdue indebtedness. If, however it is not done voluntarily but on the demand of the (Ireditor, and unje pressure from him the transaction loses iU fraudulent char- acter, and the preference .s not unjust. Barker, J., in Edgett V. Steeves, (N.B.) 2 E.L.R. 131, referring to S ephens v Mc Arthur, 19 Can. S.C.R. 446; Amho«t Shoe Co v 4Iyn 2 AC 0.^7 wLf""T' •'?""•' **^ ^"^^'•«^'« ^' Morris, 11892] AC. -'87; Webster v. Crickmore, 25 A.R. (Ont.) 97; Beattie v Wenger, 24 A.R. (Ont.) 72. ^ ; , neaitie v. Actual and Continued Change of Possession. See sec. 5 of the Ontario Act. il: Affidavit of Bona Fidei. 3. Such last-mentioned affidavit, whether of the mortgagee or h.s agent, shall state that the mortgagor therein named is ,li..stly and truly indebted to the mortgagee in the sum mentioned in tlu. mortgage; that it was e.xecute^l in good faith and for the .'xpn-«« purpase of securing the payment of money justly due or aeormng due, and not for the purpose of protecting the «oo,l.s and chattels mentioned therein against the creditors of tlie mortgagor, or of preventing the creditors of such mort- ?«s,'or from obtaining payment of any claims against him: 56 * let. eh. 5, sec, 2. I'is.npaney in Amount. If a mistake has been made innocently in fillin,, jn the izing the pro- perty comprised in such mortgage under process of law: ,')(; Vict. ch. 5, see. 4. Estoppel; Crrditors. When one disclaims an interest in chattels and repriscnts that the property is that of another, whereby a third person is induced to accept a bill of sale as security for the advamts which he makes, then such a person so representing will not Ik- peimitted afterwards to claim the property as against the grantee of the bill of sale, at least until the claim of the Krant.f is paid, and the statute is not designed to protect sudi a person : Carr v. Carey, 9 N.S.R 70. The term execution creditors is here used. The absiiK >■ in the former Ontario Act of the word "execution" resulted in a judgment to the effect that simple creditors without e.xeiiition were of a class designed by the Act to be protected, (Harki r v. Leeson, 1 O.R. 114), but such judgment was not subsequently sustained by authority.- Parkes v. St. George, 10 A.R. lOnt.) 498, followed in Empire Co. v. Maranda, 21 Man. L.R. 6(t."i. See also Hyraan v. Cuthbertson, 10 O.R. 443. But in Clarkson v. McMaster, 25 Can. S.C.R. 96, a more liberal construction was placed upon the word "creditors" as it appears in the (liiiario Act. See sec. 2(6) of the Ontario Act. Levy and Seizure. The legal meaning of the word "levy" is simply the aet of raising money (Whart. Law Lex.), hence it differs somewhat in meaning from the word "seizing." There may be a livv and yet no seizure, and if upon seizure the money is not raised, then BILLS OF SALE ACT, N.B. :}27 Uiough there has Iwen a seizuro there yet has been no levy St «• w ,^'°,"'^'^ ^*'' "^^ ^■'^■^■^- «00; Conaolidated 216; McRoberte v. Hamilton, 7 PR. 95, 13 C.L.J. 107: Hamii- on etc. R^Co. v Gore Bank. 10 C.L.J. 45; see Brockville & Ottawa R. Co. v. Central Canada R. Co., 7 P.R. ^2- Corhett y. McKenzie, 6 U.C.Q.H. 605; Thomas v. Cotton, 12 T C O h 148; Buchanan v. Frank, 15 U.C.C.P. 197. The levy or seizure must be "under process of law " btnctly speaking by process of law is meant the summons or nrat proceedings or step in the action, but it is now largely taken for all proceedings in any action or prosecution, real or personal civ.l or criminal, from the l«-ginning to the end: Whart. Law Lex. The words in the section an- not restricted to executions issued out of the Supreme or County Court, and a creditor with an ...xecution from a parish Court is included- Le Vasseur v Be«ulieu (1896), 33 N.B.R. 569. Bills of Sale. 6. Every sale of goods and chattels not accompanied by an m inu-diate delivery and followed by an actual and continued change of possession of the goods and chattels sold, shall be in writing, and such writing shall be a conveyance under the pro- visions of this Act, and shall be accompanied by an affidavit of a witness thereto of the due execution thereof, and an affi- •iavit of the bargainee or his agent duly authorized in writing to take the conveyance, a copy of which authority sha ' be at- tache,! to the conveyance, that the sale is bond fide and for good consideration as set forth in the said conveyance and not for the |H.ri,ose of holding or enabling the bargainee to hold the goods •'-ntioned therein against the creditors of the bargainor, and >l'" lonveyance and affidavits shall be filed as hereinafter pro- vH.d within thirty days from the execution thereof, otherwise ' " sale shall be absolutely void as against subsequent pur- "l'r any law relating to insolvency or insolvent, absconding "t, i f i 1 i 1 , i ?f K i 111 I: n l\ BOiLS or SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOEH. I: . s * • ? ' i is il or abaent dcbton, or an aaaignee for the general benefit of th.' crelidat«l Statut... of Now Brun-iwick (19fl.J) re*pectiDK Ammmeata and Preferencea by in«.,lv..nt peraona. arni it r..«of, or if he is not a resi.lent then in the ortite of the registrar of dee.ls in the county where the pen,onal property so assigned is or where the principal p„rt thereof. HI ease the same includt>8 property in more counties than one/ s nt the time of the execution of the assignment, and such -.'.strnn. shall file all sueh instruments presented to them -luetiveiy for that purpose, „nd shall endorse thereon th" ,"," 1 Tn^ ^^l""'"" '" ''""'•• '•^«P«<^tive offices, and the •n-n. shall be kept there for the inspection of all .Hirties in ::;tt i t'- "'"*' "'' "^^-'^^'-"'^ ^^"«p-^'-'>- '<»'"•■-"»»- i i-^th "^'^'"^"♦^ *'"l '»* '■"titled to the same fees for ., ' " '^\ '*"T •"""""•■ "•' '^' ^'''^ «>^>'i»">m-nts had been ■.seed under chapter 142, of these Consolidated Statutes: •I"' \ let. en. 6, sec. 12. •*•■/'■ "A( Performance. L-ivrrrin' r'f°™"""' "'"•'■ •'*' •'"^''^"^"' «f «« agreement to m,n ,"' ."^.^^« "P"" ascertaincl furniture sold and delivered i xi'. % 6m "''"° '""'' "-'•"'""*"'» ^ -f"""^ V- "rewer, Future Advances; Indorsements. 7. 1) In case of an agreement for futur.. advances for the l'>"l>.«e of enabling the borrower to enter into or earrv on bu.,i- t i| if ■ iT I i i ■ : 1 1 iff 330 BIIX8 or 8ALK AND CHATTIt MORTOAOEfl. It f ; f i J ne« with auch advancea (the time of repayment thereof, not Iw- infr longer than three yeara from the date of the morttfage, ami the time for the making of the whole advances not being long.r than two yeara from auch date) ; and in caae of a mortgai?.- df gooda and chattels for aecuring ihe mortgagee the rfpHymnit of auch ulvancpH, or in caa** of a mortgage of goo- the mortgage is filed, as hereinbefore provided, the same shall be as valid and binding as mortgages mentioned in the pni' 'iling l! BItXa OF BAUt ACT, N.B. •m •fctioM Of thii chapter- 61 Vict. ch. :i2, m'v. 1 (1 , ; 1 K.lw VI r eh. 29. MortfifM. (2) Every mortgajfe of good. hii.I chattH. to *..ur.. repay- ment of future advance-, or to «.eure any p,.rHon aKainst the iDdor».,n«it of any bill, or proiniwory not.'H. or any other lia- bihty incurred or to In, incurred for the niortga^or, or for any other per«,n, .hall be null and voi.l «a again.t the personn me„- t.o..ed in aec. 5, unlew executed in accordance with the pro- vwions of thi« section, and filed aa hen-inlH-fore prov„ied 61 \ict. eh. 32, aec. 1 (2). Mortgage, for Future Advances and Kndorsemcnh E^f^^^^V. endoraeraent of proinisHory notea, i« made in form for a debt not reciting the terms, nature and effect of the agreement and the amount of ihe liability intende«l toTcreated Iffii^ ■/ trothfuUy Bet out the tranaaction, but becauac the pti : tJ";; ^'^' "■ *'•' 'r '»'• *^«^* » ^" - -n-a %. m. ga.ni'!!l7. n**"' 'l'**'"* indebtedneaa for which a chattel mort- ?hp 1, *^ . f ""■ ""*• '• *- "*•" » 'l"««tio'i for the jury whether or not the aubatantial and real object of the r„, "iW ^as to hinder and delay creditors, although it mav al^ ha e ;-. o enable th« mortgagor to carry on his busin.i : f1 gan \ \\hetan, per Palmer, J., 31 X.B.R. 607 See abw sec. 6 of the Ontario Act. Affldavi. of One Bargainee. 8. The affidavit of bom fides required by the preceding two -Uo„s may be made by one of two or more b«r..„ineea or mort- R'iije..s: r,e Vict. ch. 5, sec. 7. AOuhvit for Joint Bargainees or Mortgagees Ne sec. 12(1) of the Ontario Act. 1 1 I I ■ t '•i n . ) j ! i i I i ' li 1 ',» iw !1 fli \ M f 115 IB^I 1B',\ Jfls 1 {» ■■■t Bili i 332 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOES. Eegistration. 9. The instrument? mentioned in the preceding sections shall be filed with the registrar of deeds of the county where the maker resides, if resident within the province, and, if not so resident, then with the registrar or registrars of the county or several counties in which the goods may be, and such registrar shall file all such instruments presented to him for that purpose, and shall endorse thereon the day, hour and minute of re- ceiving the same in his office, and the same shall be kept there for the inspection of all persons interested therein, or intend- ing or desiring to acquire any interest in or of any portion of the property covered thereby : 56 Vict. eh. 5, sec. 8, am. See sec. 18 of the Ontario Act. Though he may neglect to mark it filed, or to file it as a bill of sale, or number, or to enter or index it in the book kept by him for entry of bills of sale, yet the filing will be good withni the Act if the instrument be left with the registrar with instruc- tions so to file it, and this is so even if the instrument be d livered to the regLstrar at his private residence, and even though the registrar keep the instrument for some time and then return it to the grantee unfiled as a bill of sale: Fisher v. Bishop, 17 X.S.R. 451. Numbering and Indexing. 10. The registrar shall number every suck instrument or coi>y filed in his office, and he shall enter in alphabetical order in a book to be kept by him for that purpose, the names of all tlio parties to such instruments, with the numbers endorsed thereon opposite to each name, and such entry shall be repeated alpha betically "n the same has been filed, shall be received in evidence in nil Courts, but only of the fact that the instrument or copy iui.l statement were received and filed according to the endors' ■ BIIA* OK SALE Ai.T, N.B. :J;J7 meat of the registrar thereon, and of no other fact, and in all c-aaes the original endorsement by the registrar made in pur- suance of this chapter upon any such instrument or copy shall be received in evidence only of the fact stated in the endorse- ment: 56 Vict. ch. 5, sec. 16. Evidence of Filing. Compare sec. 27 of the Ontario Act. Evidence of Instruments. For proof of instruments filed under the Bills of Sale Act the Evidence Act, ch. 27, sec. 70, of the Consolidated Statutes of '^™°*" ' ^^^'^' """^^ ^^'^ following provisions - When a party may be desirous o' giving evidence in any Court of an instrument filed under chapter 142 of these con'- solidated statutes, respecting bilk of sale, he may produce in "^'^T^ u '?^ *''^''''*^" *"^ °^ ^^'- affidavits filed therewith, certified by the registrar in whose office the same are filed as being true copies, compared by him with the originals which '•«>|.M« shall, ,„ th, .l,.s,MK-,. of th.. orisfinal instrument ami affi- .lavits be received and allowed as prima facie evidence of the execution of ttie originals, and of all matters of which the oiIk- ■ r.al HKstrument ami affi.lavits would be proof, but before any Mich copies shall be allowe.l in evidence under the aforegoing |.rovis.on.s, it shall appear to the Court by affidavit that such originals, or a duplicate thereof, are not under the control of tlie party, and that at least six days' notice in writing shall have iH^en given to the adverse party, his attorney or agent of the mtention to offer the same, such notice to be accompanied by a copy of such certified copies, and of the said la.st-menti«ned Hhdavit, the due service thereof being also pn.ved to the .satLs- liiction of the Court: 60 V. ch. 11. Certificate of Discharge. 18. Where any mortgage of good.s and chattels is registered ""'l-r the provisions of this chapter, such mort-age may be dis- ■•'laified by the filing in the office of the registrar in which the ^ai.M. ,s filed, jf a certificate signed by the mortgagee, his execu- tors or adminiatratoi-s in Form ( .\) h.-reto. or to th<> like efl'.vt • •>*' Vict. ch. 5, sec. 17. -' -ii'.LS or SAI.F 1% i( i;li r,!' ir •i ;i I . i hi >l i I f\ |l II I ij i [I 1 L ii 1 ; ii 338 BILl-S OK SALE ASP ril.VTTEI, MORTOAGER. Certificate of Discharge. Compare sec. 28 of the Ontario Act. Entry of Discharge. 19 (1) The registrar with whom the chattel mortgage i.s filed, upon receiving such certificate, duly prove.! by the affi- davit of a sub.scribing witness, shall at each place where the number of the mortgage has been entered, with the name of any of the parties thereto in the book kept under section 10 ot this chapter, or wherever otherwise in the said book the said mortgage has been entered, write the words "Discharged by certificate numl)er {state the number of the certificate),' and to the said entry the said registrar shall afSx his name, and h- shall also endorse the fact of the discharge upon the instru- ment discharged, and shall affix his name to the en.lorsem.nt (2) Instead of the certificate above provided for, the mort- gagee or assignee of the mortgagee may appear before the n- gistrar with whom the mortgage is filed, and sign a memoran- dum of discharge in his presence, either on the mortgage or th. oopy filed, and such registrar shall subscribe the same its a witness; and the registrar shall thereupon enter the di.scharge of such mortgage as provided in the pn.ce.ling sub-section -n Vict. eh. 5, sec. 18. Entry of Discharge. See sec. 29(1) of the Ontario Act. Entries of Kenewals. 20. Where a mortgage has be.'i. renewed under seetion U of thi.s chapter, the endorsement or entries required by the , (., ,ling seetion to be made need only be made upon the .state Inent and affi6 Vict, .li '■ sec. 19. Entering Di.ichargr upon lirnricaJ Siatoncnf. Compare sec. 29(2) of the Ontario Act. i'l BILLS OK RALK \(T, X.H. ■iAO Aauffnmenti of Chattel Mortgaffe. 21. In case a rcgisteixHl chatt.-I iiiortgagi. ha.s l.e.-n assigiied the assijmment nii. •, upon proof by the affidavit of a subscrih .ag witness, be numbered and entered in the alphabetical chat icl mortgage book in the same manner as a chattel mortgage and the proceedings authorized by next preceding three Si-c t:cns of this chapter may and shall be had upon a certificate of the assignee proved in mann.>r aforesaid: .Vi Vict. eh. r,. si-v. 20. Indexing Assignments of Mortgafjr. See sec. 29(4) of the Ontario Aef. Befeaiancei. 22. In eas<. any bill of si.l,. ,s subject to any (lef..asance. the Niune shall be considered as part th.-i.-of, an.l such defeasance or " eopy thereof, .shall be filed with th- bill of .sale or copy, other- wise such bill of sale shall l.e null and void as against the same persons, and as regards the .sa„„. property an.l ..ffects as if .s..oh bdl of sale, or copy thereof, ba.l not been filed according t" the provi.,ions of this chapter: .-)6 Viet. ch. 5. see. 21. '''''XS"'""'' "'*"■' "•"■' " " ''"""'■'"' ■^■"•/'"'""•'". f'o- I'ijfasancc It is absx)luteb- necessary that the statute shoul.i be ohevnl i„ e filing of the defeasance. Should a bill of sale. aKsolute on i C\^Sf" "''''T '"^ \^^'-'^'^^<^^ - ^nnity of r..lemp o r bnt the defeasance be not filed under the Act resp,H"ting bills of sj .. en the bill of sale «ill be inoperative, and Turv':^^' „ . itlf m the grantee thereof as against a partv entitled to set ui. ."n-comphance with the statute: Re I)e Vein-r. 21 XHH Vt ' 'is ;"t T ""•'" '''''' ''"^ ^M.n..u.o shall be in writ'ing l.s Act merely states that the dpfea.sf,nee .shall b,- file,! • but' ■'s . eannot be filed unless it is in writing, there i.s praci e 1 v MO d,ff , between the two Acts in thfs respect ' t < •).. Sheraton v. Whelpley, 20 N.H.R. Ht p. 77. Th.. persons meant are those .sfate.l in sections .'". and (i. It is ' ill i '"i i III 340 BlU^ OK SAI,E AND CHATTEL MORTOAQEM. HH Fee* for Filing. 23. For H..rviceB under this chapU>r the registrar shall b.- ..ntitled to n-eeiv- the fees provided by chapter 188 of these ConsoUdated Statutes: R.S.N.B. 1903, ch. 142, sec. 23. Registrar's Fees. Chapter 188, part 13, provides the following fees to 1..- charged for the filing under the Bills of Sale Act, ch. 14i:~- (1) For fiUng each instrument and affidavit, and for onteriii({ the same in a book, as aforesaid, twenty-five cente. (2) For filing assignment of each instrument, and for mak- ing all prop.T .•n.lors.-inents in conneetio!! therewith, twenty fiv6 cents (3) For allowing inspection of any instrument filed un.l.r the provisions of this Act, twenty cents. (4) For Hdministering every oath under this Act, tw.-nl> "*°(5) For fiUng certificate of discharge of each iustruni.nt. and for making all proper entries and endorsement;* conn.-.t..! therewith, twenty-five cents. (6) For copies of any document, with certihcat.- prepaid,!, filed under this Act, five cents per folio. Sundays and Holidayi. 24. Where, under any of the provisions of this eliapt.r llio time lor registering or filing any mortgage, bill of sale, instrn n.eiit, dotniment, affidavit or other pap.-r expires on a Sunday ,„• i.ublie holiday, on which fh.- office of the registrar ... wh.ei. lh.- tiling is to be done is close.l. and l)y reason thereof the til.ni: ..annot be done on that day, the tiling shall, so far as re«anl> tlu- tim.. of doing the sa.ne, b.- rega.-ded to be duly done if .I...K „n thi- next day on which th." otfic.^ .shall be open: .IG V.ct. .1.. ,-). see. 23. Authority to Take or Eenew. 25. An authority for the purpose of taking or renewin- t mortgage or conveyance uader the provisions of this chapt-r ,nay be a general one, to take or renew all or any mortga-es nr i n ^m i BILLS OF HALE ACT, N.B. 341 eonvpyancei. to the mort|faKH. or LarKaineo: 56 Vict ch 5 sec. 24. ' ^u**on V V n :ns, referring to Ilolroyd v. Marshall, 10 H.L.i.. 1 M. Leatham v. Amor, 47 L.J.Q.B. 581, and Belding v. Reed. :t H. ^ C 955 says "The principle deducible from these decisions w tliiii property, to be after-acquired, if described so as to be capabl.^ of being identified, may be. not only in equity, but also at lau the subject-matter of a valid assignment for value. The contra. . ,„„st I..- one which a Court of equity would speciheally entoiv. Further on in his judgirent he says : ' In this case the property ... to be brought into the premises or to be appropriated to the usr thereof, either in addition to or in substitution for property th.n on the premises.' Taking these decisions, as, of course. I must. to be a correct statement of the law, then the question here ls ,> the after-acquired property in the Cooper bilk of sale sufticentl^ described so as to be capable of being identified, and is the ..... tract one which a Court of equity would specifically enfor. .■ rH BIMJJ OK H.\1.K ACT. N.H. :i4:l Looking at the bill of wile iti»lf hikI the HeluMlul.-. 1 «,„ „ot pre- pared to My that the ili'HCTiptM.ii is Hufflci.-nt or that the coiitruet ccuJ 1 be ■peciflcally enforee € 1' I) m, the after-acquired property In to \h- hrouKht into the pre- iniaea or to be appropriated to the um- thereof. There iH no mik-Ii lanpiane iu the Cooper hill of wile. The words there are. ' whieh (that M the property) no soon an obtained, and in aetual or eon- Htructive poatiemion o*- the said party of the first part Hhall be subject to all the provisions of this indenture.' The following in the achedule, to wit: 'Eight horses and harneswis, n(/.v in liverv stable owned by said Jaines E. Fraaer, six wagKonN in store house, four pungs, coach harness, buffal.HJS and rob.« now in saMi stable. ■ Suppow Fnmer Kof oth.-r horses, waKKoiw, mid n.bes iind brought them into other premises, eould it )m- said that they had been brought to keep up the goods and property eon- veyed by the bill of sale, and ec.iild they be identifi.HlT I think not." A phaeton buggy purchased on eredit by a husband for hi« wife with funds which she supplied him for that purpose, eon- Ntitutes her separate estate, and cannot b<. seized by the iiort- ifagee of the husbanublic, commissioner or other person in or out of thi- proviiie.- author- izi'd to take affidavits to be read in the Supreme Court, or by tiie r.gi.strar of deeds or a justice of the peace, and the sum of ittviity cents shall be paid for any oath thus administered; IG Vict. eh. .), sec. 2f). What Initmments Excepted; "Ooodi and Chattels" Defined. 28. This chapter does not apply to bills of sale, or mortgages ot vessels registered under the provisions of any Act in that I'chalf, nor to transfers of goods in the ordinary course of busi- "•■S.S of any trade or calling, sales of goods in foreign ports or at sea, bills of lading, warehouse keepers' certificates, warrants ,1 I I ■; !» |, ir : '"*. J i.f I' I h; [ M* BIIJX or SAl.r: ANt) rKATTICI. murniAciKK. or onlere for thf «ltliv■ • delivery, and nhall not include ehattel inter enta in real «-Ht«te. nor NhareH iH>r inter«*tK in the atock, fnndu or seeuritieH of any (lovernnient or innnieipal corporation, or in the capital Ktwk or debentiires of any incorporated or joint- Ht«H'k company, or choKcM in action; .% Vict. ch. 5. ner.. 27. am Asitionmfnt for Crfditorx. Hy Kec. 12. ch. 141. < .S.N.Ii. l!t(t:i. a further exception In made of aaaJKnnientH for the Koneral iM-nefit of creditors ?na(lt under the provisions of that Act. See note to hc. fi of this Act Statutory Kaiipt.s to a Bank. A statutory re<'eipt in the nature of a warehouse receipt. Uiven under wh- 88 of the Bank Act. R.S.C. 1906, ch. 29. to n chartered bank fw security, is not a "ehattel mortgage" within a warranty condition of a tire insurance policy avoiding the policy of the insured property be or become encumbered by a ehattil mortgage. Dictum per Duff, J., in (luimond v. Fidelity Phn>nix Fire In«. Co., 9 D.L.R. W\ 47 Can. S.C.R. 216. Compare sih'. :< of the British Colninhia Act and sec. 'J i of the Nova Scotia Act. Benewali of Mortgages Before t ^ Act. 28. Kverv' chattel mortgage and every conveyance intl 12. within twnlv.. montiM from the pMwinir of thin r-hapt.T; hikI mi on from yi-ar to year thiT*'- »rt.r H* provi.l.(l by H4..-fion 14, ofh.rwii«. ibr Mam.- may .■.■aa« to bfl valid in th.- tnunncr Npf the moptijaipir wrvinK the notices providpd for hy thi- N«ir(.e may, in the emte of an in- I'orporaled company bein»r the bargainee rir mortgajree, be made by the presiflent, vice-preHlrient, manager or aaaiatant manager, or any other ofTieer of the company: 1 (Jeo. V. (IHll) eh. .'JO. See f»e<<. 12(2) of the Ontario Act. FORM I A I. (Section 18.; Form of IHKrharyr of Mortgagf. Tc. the Rcfc'ij^trar of I beds of the County of '• A. H.. of do o.-rtify that has vitisticd all money dii.. on. or to grow due on a certain chattel nortgage made by to which mortgage bcjirs date Hay of A.l). 1!) . and was filed (or in case th. 'hf mortf/agi An.s hrni rcnnifd, was renewed ^ in the office of •!"■ Registrar of Deeds of the County of on the if ,'1^ t I I '■ El : i i i'l 'N. iii^ ;i ! I 1^ ) ; 1 1 i: tl lit •' ! I MM ' \ 346 BILLS OP SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOES. day of A.D. 19 , .asNo. [luivmeii- timi the day and date of registration of each assignment thereof, and the names of the parties, or mention that such mortgage Aas not been assigned, as the fact may be), and that I am the person entitled by law to receive the money; anil that such mort- gage is therefore discharjied. Witness my hand this day of , A.D. 1!» . Witness: (stating iisidence and uvciipatiou). b(i Vict. c. 5, schedule (.A), C.S.N. U. 1903, c. 142, s. 16. (Signature). FORM (B). (Section 12.) Statement with respect to Bill of .S"/- by Mortgagee. Statement exhibiting interest of C. D. (or E. F.) in the property mentioned in the chattel mortgage dated the day of A.D. 19 . made between A. B. of of the one part and ('. D. of of the other part and filed in the office of the Registrar of Deeds of the County of on the day of A.D. 19 . and of the amount due for principal and interest thereon and of all pay ments made on account thereof; (or if the mart gage Aas- /)..-. given under the provisions of sec. 7, the amount of ailvaiic.s made as well as the amount remaining to be made; likewise thi amount still due for principal and interest on such advances ami shewing all payments made on account thereof; or shewing tli. amount of liability incurred and the amount due in respe-i thereof and also all payments made on account thereof). The said C. D. is still the mortgagee of the said propert> ior. the said E. F. is the assignee of the said mortgage by virtue of an assignment thereof from the said C. D. to him dated th • day of A.D. 19 ) {or as the case may be). RIU^ OF SALK ACT, N.B. ;{47 No payments have been matle on account of the said mort- gage (or the following payments Hn CUATTKl, M<)RT(iAOES. : I I*' m (2) That the chattel mortgage mentioned in the said state- ment has not been kept on foot for any fraudulent purpose. Sworn to before ine at tlie of \ day of A.D. 19 I (Signature). in the County of this j (Signature). Commissiontr, etc. 61 Vict. e. 32-Sehe way of mortgage was executed in good faith, and for the express purpose of securing the payment o^ the money so justly due, or accruing due, as aforesaid, and not for the pur- pose of protecting the goods and chattels mentione Ot" SALK VNO ClIATTKL MOKTOAOKX. of in the county of 1, K. F., of the make oath and say : - '1)1 am th<^ duly authorized agent of L'. I)., the mortgagee in the foregoinj,' bill of sale by way of mortgage named, for the purpose of the said bill of sale by way of mortgage, and I am aware of all the eireumstanees eonneete nt mortgagor therein named, or of preventing the creditor- of such mortgagor from obtaining piiyment of any claims against him. the said A. H. {t^ifjnaturf) . Sworn before me at the of in the county of this day of A.I). Vt ' Sij/iiaturc). Commissioner, etc. til Vict. c. ;J2— Schedule {O ain. <\S.N.Fi.. c. 142. s. :!. Mliilnvit (if W'ilmss III Kseciition of Hill of Na/r. I Section fi.) Xi'W iiruiiswiek i County of ' To wit : I I, of the of in the county of make oath and say : - T^'t I was personally present and did see the within bill '^' sale duly signed, sealed, and executed by the parti— BIM-S OK SAI.K ACT, N.H. :{:.! thereto; and that I, this nt, am a NuliNcribing witness to the Hame. and that tlic name (signature of wilness) set and sub- scribed as H witness to trie execution thereof, is of the proper handwriting of rnc, this deponent, and that the same whh exe- cuted at the of in the County of Sworn before im- iit the of in the eounty of this day of A.D. 19 (Siynature). Commission >r, dr. «1 Viet. e. T2— Schedule (C). (Signature). * I ■ i, . i AffiflanI of lititm Fiiks hi/ liargninft . (Section 6.) Xew lininswiek County of To wit : I, C. D., ofthe of in the of the bargainee in the foregoiujf bill of sal.' named, make oath and say: — That the sale therein made is bond fidf , an Chattel Mortgage to Sfciin Advancs. (Section 7.) New Brunswick \ County of To wit : j I, C. D., of the of in the of HII,I.S OK SAI,K ACT, N.U. ;{5;J th,. iiiortKagee in th.. foregoing bill of mU- by way of mortgage named, make oatli and say : — That the fon-going mortgage truly 8et« forth the agreement .utered into betweei. myself an.l A. M.. therein named, and truly atateH the extent of the liability intended to be ereHt.Hl bv suel. agreement, and eovered by the fon-going mortgage; That th(. fon-going mortgage Ih ."xeeuted in goml faith, and for the expre-ss i)uri>o«e of securing me, the said mortgagee, the n-payment of th.- sai! securing the goods and chattels mentioned in the said bill ..f sal.' by way of mortgage against the crwlitors of the said A. H., nor to prevent such creditors from recovering any claim which they may have against the said A. B. Sworn before me at the "* in the county of this day of A.D. If) (WiV/«o | I Siiinature). Commissicntr, i Ic. til Vict. e. :}2— Schedule (('). THK MKMOKIAL AND F.XKCITIOX ACT. (C.S.X.R VMi. cii. 128.) Sale of Equity of Redemption in Personal Property. 26. Under an execution against goods the .sheriflf may s.i' • i.nd sell the goods and chattels of the party against whom tli. writ is issued and m«y seize and sell the equity of redemption in any goods or chattels (including leasehold interests in mi} IiukLs) of the party against whom the writ is issued, and swh sale shall convey whatever interest such party had in the irooils and chattels iit the time of the seizure. NOVA SCOTIA. OK TFIK I'KKVKNTIOX OF FRACDS OX CRKDITORS HY SKCRKT HFLLS OF SALK. (R.S.X.S. 1!)(H», ,„. 142. AM. AMENhMKNTS.) Short Title. 1. This chaptt-r imi.v 1... cited ,is •• 7Vi( Hill>, ,.f s„l, Art.'- Interpretation; Bills of Sale. 2. In this chapter, iiiiIcns tlic context otheiuiv,. requires : («) The expression "hill of sale'- ineln.les hills of sale chat- i.l mortgages, a.sNignu.ent«, transfers, declarations of trust with- "Mt transfer, and otlier insurances of personal chattels, and also !'.>«.« of attorney, authorities or licenses to take pofisession of (..rsonal chattels as security for any debt; but does not include rh- following docutnents. that is to «ay : a-ssignuient^ far the '-"•-,..,•, benefit of the creditors of the person .uaking or givi,..- 'Ih. sHine. ,K-eds of trust or mortKages made or given bv any in^ "'n<'n-»U',l company for the purpose of securing it.s ■lK.n,is or 'l-l»ntures, marriage .settlements, transfers cr assignment, of '.ly ship or v,v«el or any share thereof, transfers of goo.ls in the '"■'Imary course of business of any trade or calling, hils of sale ■;t --ods „, foreign part.s or a) sea. bilU „f lading, warehouse "P.Ts eei-iHcates. warrants or or.lers for the delive.x „r ;-"-"ls. ..r Huy other d.KM.menls use.l in the ordinary eoui^e of '■nsmcvs as proof of the p,«se«siou or (H)nt. J of goods, or auth- ■ -..ng. or purporting to authorize, either by indorsement or bv 'll'v.ry, the poss^^ssors of such documents to transf.-r or receive ;■' ^"l^^^^^y representerl, or aasignments of personal propertv '" 'reditors under proceedings for the relief of indigent d.l.tors I ,V I J ! ■ ■ III. : f ' ;l;i i «:; J- _;l :»5« RIU« OK 8AI,E AND CIIATTKI. M<«TO\«l»><. «r H*,iRUin«nU ...ml.- pun.iia..t U. an onl.'.- of hi, ...xhiumut un.l.T the rollecti..n Act. 9 Kdw. VIl.. V.M), d.. 10. h.k-. •-', am. (6) The exprc-HNioii "pem)iml i-liflttfU" iiu-aiiM ko.mU. lurni- tiir.'. flxtun'H aii.l otht-r articl.-H raiml)!.- "f .'..mpl.-t.- traiwfiT h.v .lolivory. aiMi iloe« not int-liul.. .•-hatt.-l intcn^ts in n-al mlHt.-. nor shares or interert. in th.- Hto..k. funclH .,r m'curiti.« "f any KOv.Tnni..nt, ..r n.unic-ipal IkhIv. cr in Iho i-apttal or property ot „nv in.-orpnrat.-.i or joint st.H'k .-o.npany, nor choa.^ in actum. U-\ Th.- .-xproaaion "purphaa.'1-H" nn-aiw hon,i fiiU pur ..ham'Ps. and incln.h-a the aaaiKnoe of the Krant.n- unre.s.sion •Hlinn' wlu-n applied to a liill ol .^^ll.• ineludes filinK a eopy of a hill of aale under the provisions of this ehapter, U.S. eh. !»2. see. 10. part ; \m\. eh. :»2. see. 7 . 1H>- New Hrunswiel< .\et. Kxaption <>f .l.<.vi ikHI »f CnJitui'n. The n.is N S.K. Uti An a.s.siKnnient of personal properly in trust to s,-ll th.- an.l apply th.- pr(K-.-e.Ls I., th.- payuu-nt of d.-hts . ue t.. .- namiHl ere in tSf^ TIIK NOVA S<(»TIA A(T. 3S7 of fmlit«ni" HH to W •■xc.-pfcil from itH opiTHtion Archibal.i v IFiiblpy, IH Can. SX'.R. ll«i. 27 CL..!. ISH. ThoriRh Hn HM)i(riirni>nt citntHiriN prcfcr.-i n in favour of <•. rtnin vrediforM, >.■! if it includeM, mihjerf to Hiich prefprencen. H tniMt in fnvoiir of hII th.' fmlitora, it ix itn "iwiiiiminpnt for th.' in-niTnl iM-ni-Ht of cmlitorH'" iirul (Iii«titutes. in the almeiiee of fraud or of an attempt to delay ereditors. a eomplete sale, .leliverv and appropriation of the l.niperty. not dependintf in any wav on a hill of sale- Kennedv V. Whittle. L'7 N.S.K. 4(10. I'lihtri iininin d I'm/urlii. The Mills of Sale Aet .lr.es not l,y resist (ption proteet the trn.Mtee as to property to he ae.|uire«l hy the irrantor after the iMiikin>r of the hill of sale and whieh the latter thereby purports u< transfer in advanee of his obtaining title thereto. .\ elau.se in •' hill ..f sale whieh puri)orts to inelude after-ae<(uired propertv ""ileis as to the latter a mere e(|uitable titb' whieh rnii.st jriv- •v:iv In a lefjal title obtained lioiid fiih and without notiee- Wiiv- ""t V. .MeCJinty. 7 D.L.K. (ils. VI K.L.K. lUI; Thomas v. Kellv. I > AC. •»10, referred to; Reeves v. Uarlow. 12 (^.H.l) 4.i(l eoiii- ' 'itHJ on; Ilolroyd v. .Marshall, lo II.L.C. 1<)1, applied. Wh.'re a ehattel mortga^re conveys the .stock in trade, shop "•I't.nts. int'ludinff shop ami offie.- ti.xtures. seales and appur- ;"i;iiiees, which had been purchased In the aiortRapor from a St . ,.,hed .s,.ller with a further provision purportinff to cover and ■ \ ■ \ :i ill li i 1 111 i ' ;;! ■r. 1 i " ' ! \ ' ill III 358 Hlt.l^ or H.M.K .\NI> C'llATTri. MilMTtJAOIW. iiu-lude "not only hII an.l •tinmilnr the prmut •.t.H-k of Kood« an.l all otlier th.> .•ont.'uti. of flif iiM»rtK«Kor"ii Hliop. but "Iw »«> otluT Kootlii thHt iiiHy b.. put in naiil •♦hop in iiuh«titutioii for, or in iMldition to. tho«' Hlnmiy then-, hh fully «n in Mid .hop an.l partii-ularly ..u-nti eryware and grooeriea. (b) the ahop and office flxturea. wales an.l Hppurtenaiu-i-H. (.) all other gooda that may In- put in aui.l shop in aubatitutiou for or in addition to thoae already there, the ^iw. and as fullv to '1 intenta and purpoa.-a aa if aaid "added or si.i stituted atoek' .vere already in aaid ahop; the "atw'k an.l Hi "fixture*" are distinct fviura, and only within the latter . an n "account register" properly come, hence it cannot Ix- in.lu.i. : in the "adde.l or siilmlitute*! «t11| 1 Vh. 2Ji or a tortious act : Warn.-r v. Don. 26 (^in. S.C.W. :tH8. ailii" •_'S N.S.K. -Jli-'. An eiigiii.' ixTiiiaiieiitly atlixed to the frcehol.i is a t :\' Tiir snv.\ Hi'oTiA ACT. :t:.o Hnt rp<|"'«' to U- i-.-umti-n-d iimlir the provinonii of tliiii »«.tioii, hikI lh.-ri' in im clixtinction. in thin re^>ect, between h lio.iim-i.'H op tenant 'h im.rtiiHK.' 'unl I ho*. .ovwred by h morlKaff.. maiic Uy thn own.r of the d,. : //,«/. Th«' niortjiHRi'il (trowintr fropii whicii an- taki-n (MwiiOMtion ol' by the rnort(r«K«'«' after they were wvere.l from the Hoil eann-.l U- reached by the exeeution ere.liton* of fh. mortKaifor, iinil.r iiii exwution levied au)Me(|Uent to their reniovnl. notwiti.Mtan.liiHf that the Iranafer of the eropa had not I n nifislered : KiiMLin ('anada l^oan Co. v. Currv. 2H N.S.K. .{2M. InrrtMc of Animnts. ft waH aaid in lliintehti<-ld v. City of llaliffi.x. .'2 N.S.K. V.'. that there i* no satiafiietory mithorify for s«yin»r that the holder of a bill of aale of a man- whieh fcaJM a colt, in owner of the .olt. .-Hpecially where the bill of nale \s merely held as weuritv for a loan of money, and lb.- mar.' haa never been in th.^ powM'ii- sjon of the party aaaertin^ pro|>,.rty. Hut we text, eb. •_• and oh. 12 on "Inerea**" of Aniiswik" See alao .Sieholaon v Teni|)le, 20 N.M.K. 24H, and note to se<-. 2, New HrunNwiek \et Sec text, oh, 2 on "Goods and ChattelH." Fitiiifi the ItutrumiHt. For the distinetion l)etweeu "HlinK" "nf iaterinjr, ' ' -.ee note to NtK'. 8, British Columbia Aet. Filing Md ASdavit of Bona Fides. 3. (\) (i) Every bill of sale of personal ehattels iriade .itlnr .i!«*o!utely or conditionally, or subject or lu.t subjc.-t to nuy trast, and whereby the grantee has power either with or without iK.tice on the execution therw)f. or at any sul..s.-.iueiit time, to 'ikc p(»ssesHion of any property and effects <-oiiipri.Hed in or made -ii'd.ct to such bill of sale; or ( ii i A tnie copy thereof, sb^dl h,~ r';l..d in the reRLstry of deeds for the reifistrntion di.stiict in which •li' L'rantflr. if a resident of Nova Scotia, resides .-.t th.^ liiii.. of 'i" c.Nccution thereof, or if he is not a resident of Nova Scoti.i. •i.-i. in the registry of deeds for tlic resist rat ion 2. .sees. 1, '_' ; IHHti. ch. ;12. ,sec. :.'. A bill of sale purportini; to convey "one red cov four years old. valued at $21."' was held void for uncertainty, as it did not distinguish the cow .so that third persons, by in(|uiry. could identify it; but then- would not be that uncertainty if the words were "my red cow." or "the red cow now in my passession." unless the grantor had more cows than one. and the 2. McAskill v. I'ow.-r (18!t7). :?:< CL.-I. .'>71. Where a creditor obtained from th(! debtors tbree cows, whicli lie accepted in satisfaction of the debt, and took flelivery of the cattle and put his mark on them, but at the siime time arranged to leave them with the n the grantor's premises for the purpose of removinu' the property covered by the bill of .sale; and where th.- grantnv occupies under a lease, the grantees are entitled, for the jim l)oses of entry, to all the rights that the grantor en.joyed ; but tlu entry inu.st be made in a reasonable and proper manner, jirid withcuit force or violence: Boston Marine v. Longard. 2« N.S i; fc '. TIIK NOVA SCOTIA ACT. :»>1 :1H7; Kn(?lnii(l v. Miirsdpn, L.R. 1 C.W 52!): MoNVal v Ktnmcr- son. 15 Gray ;{84. Where ui ♦h.- tiiiie of iriakiiiK the hill of sah^ fhen> was an .xeciition -> i„ sii.-itf's hands under whieh no lew had liecii made. I it which !«.„„! he property and look pr.".ee I S-i r: f i > .1: 362 B11<1> OK SAMO ANH CllATTKl. MtWTIiAdKS. wlu'reiii the maker lesuUw." This provision hail heen eonstrm.l i\H not to apply where the grantor resides outside of the pro vinee: Don v. Warner, 28 N.S.K. 202, affirmed in 21) Can. S.C.K. :W8. The present section supplies this particular, that, in th.- event, the grantor is a non-resident of the province, the 'M of sale is to Ik- registered in the rejtist ration district wherein tin- chattels are situated. Li (•;/ without /»'< moval. The levy under execution on, hut without actual or physiciil removal of, the goods and chattels covered hy a chattel mort- gage containing a condition that if "any of the property should 1h! attache*! or levied on . . . then it should he lawful for the grantee to take possession of the whole granted property. " has heen held hy an e.iually divided court to amount to an act of conversion : dates v. Bent, U N.S.R. i)44. Takitifi I'us.ics^on. The mortgagee may protect himself in case the mortgage I" defective un.ler this Act, hy taking possession in gowl faith oi the mortgaged chattels, hefore they are levied on hy the credi tors of the mortgagor: and. when possession under the hill of sjile is once otitained. it will he quite sufficient, in the akscnce nt fraud, to eh l)ie the mortgagee to maintain an action for tli.h wrongful seizure aud detention: Mosher v. O'Brien, 87 N.S.H 28(j, 2!)2. Sec. also, iranchester v. Hills, :U X.S.R. r)12, 517. n ferring to Kx p. Satfery ( 1881). Iti Ch. D. 671 ; Marple.s v. ILii r ley. 30 L.J.Q.B. 02; McT.ean v. Bell, \l^9^] A.(\ 625. The license to enter and take possession of the mortgiij.', ,! chattels under the power contained in a chattel mortgage m i> he exercised hy the mortgagee, where the chattels are contain.-.l n certain rooms" of an ot!ice building, to the same extent as th..- of the mortgagor or the tenant, and it is no trespass against ii owner of the l)uildiug to make such entry: Boston Marine \\> Co. v. Longard, 26 X.S.K. :}87. If the mortgagee buys out his mortgagor and takes pass.sM-: but later re-s<'lls to the mortgagor aud the latter resumes pos>. - sion and treats the chattels as his own, the claim of the nwv gagce-vendor for unpaid purchase money would .seem not !■• protected against an execution creditor of the mortgagor-viii.l ^^cA8kill V. Power, 30 N.S.R. 189. THE NOVA SCOTIA A(,T. :J6:] A symbolieal delivery of c-hatk-ls under a registered 1)111 of sale entitles the grantee to immediate poesession thereof, and he may maintain an ac^tion of replevin agairwt the Nheriff i,r other officer for the taking of such gootis under a writ of execu- tion: McNab V. Sawyer, !) N.S.R. ;W, following White v Morris 11 CM. lOlf). Atcommodation Jnilui.si nu nls. A provision in an aHuigniiient for the security and indeninitv of makers and endorsers of papei- not due, for the accommodii- tioii of the debtor, under which the chattels are assigned to a trustee under an absolute trust to sell all the property and to iipply the proceeds of sale in payment of sue maturing paj)er, does not make it a chattel mortgage under this section, the ch;it- tcLs not being redeemable and no property interest being re- tained by the mortga-or, although there was a reverting tru.st as to surplus proceeds: Kirk v. Chisholm, 26 Can. S.C K 111 .ivcrruling 28 N.S.R. Ill; Archibald v. Ilubley, 18 Can. S,.i\\{. 11 ti. was distinguished from the Kirk case. Advances; Indorsements. 4. (1) If the bill of sale is given to secure the grantee:-- (a) Repayment of any advances to be made by him > '"r an .iirreenient therefor; or '/v> Against loss or damage l)y rea.son of the indorsement of iiiiy bills or promi.s.sory notes; or u I Agaiiust loss or damage by reason of any otlier liahilifv iiiiiirred by the grantee tor the grantor; or [d) Against loss or damage by reason of any liability to h.^ incurred under an agrceiiient by the grantee for the grantor. -u.h bill of sale shall set forth fully by recital or otherwise, and - accompanied by an atlidavit of the grantor stating that it •ruly sets forth the terms, nature and effect. >i. Of the agreement entered into between the parties in • '^ji'-ct to the advances; or ''I Of such indorsements : or ' Of such other lial)ilify incurred by the irrantee for tli,. -iiiitor: or i i:. » i li: ,1 \ ill. 1 T ^ '1 & « t% ' ! 1 1 1^ ! > i Hi p I }=* 364 B1M>; "I'' SAI-K AMI niATTFI. MOH (,/) Of KiH-h atJivi'ineiit in msp.-ct to 1h. liiibility to Im' in ciirrwl hy the Krnnt.'c for llu- Knmtor: iiinl ill all ciwi'S the iimouiit oi the linl.ilit.v cn-iit.-.l ,.r l.v such afn-<'<' iiitMif infondcd to Ik- ill of salf shall also Ntatf that .such hill of sal.- was rx.'ciitcr<><>rrantee for the prantor. under the aKn-einenl then' for. as the case may he. and not for the mere piirpos.' of protect iiii; the |>ersoiial chattels therein mentioned apiinst the creditors .>t the grantor, or of preveiitiiifJr such creditors from rccoveniijr an> claims which they have aRainst such (irairtor. CO Such adidavit shall he as nearly as may l»e in the form •■ A ■■ in the whcdiile. i4> And every bill of sale in this .s»'ction mentioned .shall. .i> atrainst purchasers and creditors, only take effect and hav. priority from the time of the tilinK of such hill of sale accoin panied by such affidavit. U.S., ch. 92. .sees. '., part. 11. part lS8t;. ch. :{'2, KIH-. 4. Viiliditji ofjairust Cnditors. When' a chattel inortKaKe was jriven for an allefted .ei. sideration of $\.r>{)(K the real ccm.sidcratiou Wing .$1.2(>:i. ii. promis.sorv notes, and an agreement on the part of the grant., « to supi.lv"good.s for the i-'aiiee. and the aflidavit of Iwim fid,s - ■ ,mt thatthe sum of ■^\.2M was justly and honestly du<', hii.I ' - regards the balance the parties have agreed to mipply goods iV the full value thereof, "' the affidavit is defective, not only l> cause it does not follow cither form provided by the Act ( Ar. h bald V. Hublev. 18 <'aii. S.C.R. 116). hut because of the omi.';:. THK NOVA S<(>TIA A(,T. 365 of u most iimtcriHl rf of this Act: Kirk v. rhisholm, 2Ji Can. S.C.R. Ill, overrulinsr 2S .V.S.R. 111. Where there is a valid cousideratinii juid no fraud, the ap- I)arent possession or merely formal i)ossession does not arise, the Nova Scotia Act in that particular differintr fn)m the Ontario and Knglish Acts: Kastern (Canada v. Turry, 28 N'.S.R. 32:1. The fact that a chattel mortgage covers even the fuel and .similar articles designed for the daily consumption of the grantor's family, and of no use as a security, is an iiulication to a court that it is intended us a 4."'); mH^ur CHATTKI. M cliiims which tiioy have against such grantor. (2) Such atlidavit shall be as nearly as may be in the t'oin. •M" in the schedule. (3) And every bill of sale in this section mentioned shall. ;t- against purcha.sers and creditors, only take effect and Iwn. priority t^om tlic limr of llie tiling of such bill of sale aeeon: panied by such affidavit. K.S.. ch. !»2. .sees. 4. part. 11. i>mv ISSd. eb. :<■-'. .sec. :!. n:-,l- "I um the grantor mentioned in the accompanying bill sale," is bad, as it does not ident.fy the deponent as the grant. - Kilcup V. Belcher. 23 N.S.R. 462. A bill of sale will not be void l)ecause the occupation of ;: • fiHI TlIK NOVA SCOTIA A(T. 367 grantor is omitted in the iiccoinpanying affidavit, if the latter refers in terras to the in«truinent itself, when his occupation is stated: Smith v. McLean, 21 Can. S.C.R. :J5r), 28 CLJ 6''0 r'nnningham v. Morse, 20 N.S.R. 110. ' ' But where a moHgage is given to secure both a presc it and a future indebtedness and is accompanied by a single affidavit .....taining {he niaiii features of l>oth forms, such is not "as nearly as may be" in the form prescribed; and there being no • lifRculty in complying strictly with the requirements of the .\ct by using the first form in relation to the existing debt and the second form in relation to the accommodation notes, the Jiiortgage is avoided, notwithstanding that the legal effect of the wording may be the same: Reid v. Creighton. 24 Ciui SCR 69 :n C.L.J. 274; Thomas v. Kelly. 13 App. Cas. '.fWi. ' ' " ' When, however, the jurat to the affidavit was in the following form "sworn to at Middleton this 6th day of July, A.D. 1891." .fc, without naming the county, the mortgage wa>i void, notwith- .standing that the affidavit was headed with the name of the >ounty: Morjie v. Phinney. 22 Can. S.C.R. .')63, ;{() CLJ 359- Smith v. McLean, 21 Can. S.C.R. .355, distinguishwl; Archilmld V. Ilubley, 18 Can. S.C.R. 116, followed. The omission of the date and the words "tn-fore me" from 111" jurat of an affidavit accompanying a bill of sale Ls an invali- 'lating defect which cannot be supplied by parol evidence- Archibald v. Hubley, 18 Can. S.C.R. 116. " The ,sul)stitntion in the affidavit of a bill of sale of the words • I am the rightful owner and possessor," in place of the words of the .statutory form, "1 am the grantor." and where the de- ''.ription of the grantor is omitted and the words, ".sai.l Iliiam 1'.. Ward" appearing in the second clause instead of the word III" "grantor," was held to inv.iLJate the affidavit a.s not clearly •lis.losing the i.lentity of the deponent with the grantor, and tlie '■"" t:IIATTKI> MOBTGA0E8. f Ml if: leiitly obtained by the inortKagor, from a tnwt fuuil belongiug to the mortgagee, does not affect the validity of consideration or title to the mortgaged chattels as against the mortgagee wl i w no privy to the fraud: Ilaina v. Leblane, 38 N.S.R. 52S. A bill of mile of a horse, given to secure a balance due on the purchaw price, although unregistered, cannot be defeated by m fraudulent sale to a third party with notice: McLeiMi v. Doucette. ;W N.S.R. 151. The hirers or bargainors of chattels subject to a hiring agre.' ment which had not l)eeii registered in accordance with the pro- vi:noiis of section H of this Act are neither purchasers iior .-re ' If prior to the filing of such amended statement and "li'l^'vit any creditor or purchaser in good faith and for valu- •''•l.. l.oinK .m ntate.l in the n-newal Htate.n..Mt f\M, the nai.l biH of Hale «h to the amount ho a.ivane.Hl or t >,• valuable eonai.lerution ho Riven, or eoata ineurn-.l by Kueh en-.h- ,„r or purehaser. k all Htaml Ro<>2. Rcncual. ... ,. \ bill of Side validly filed before the passafje of the H 11^ • Sale Aet is nevertheless subjeet to the spee.al <•»»"%"%'".: filing of a renewal statement: Friu*r v. Murray, .U N.S.R 1 Substitiitfd liilU of Sah: The e.xeeution of a seeond bill ..f sale to replace one nv . . has expired in consequenee of failure to renew it und. r • pr^vSis of this seetion .lo^-s not, where there is no que. ■ ;: • ns.dveney on the part of the n.aker at the »"- t'u. - . . of sale is given, and it is not otherwise intended for the t u- :Le of aLudulent purpose, make such instrumeiit ^...l ■• the Statute of Elizabeth: Mosher v. O'Brien, 37 N.S.K. - But "it 'is presumptive fraud against creditors wh,.- ■ ;i:rf iU|»l^^H ^i TirK N(IV.\ SCOTIA A(T. .{71 iub.t.f»t,..| In I of M„l,. bi i,....n.l...l t., i,.,.l„.l,. Hff..r...<.,,mr,.,l ,.r..- pHfty whK-h liHd iMM-i. „M.itt..,l fr.,m tl,.- i.n.vi.,.m hill „f m„|,. alth..ugh It waH un.l.THKMHl „„,| H^r.r.l that m..!, pr«visi„„ should )H> .,.,.lu«l..i'^' ^h^lll l„. filed in the registry of deeds for th.- r,-gistration •i --nit in which the person to whom such personal chattels are '"'■•'i. the lessee, bailee, or bargainee, resides at the time of the ■ V • Ntion th.-n-of, and the same .shall b.- accompanied bv an affi- ■i'vi- of either of the parties thereto, or, if such hiring, l.-a-se "1 -"t, or bargain for sal.- wa.s made, by. with, or to an agent '■-•■""ifo duly authorized in writing, th.- atti.lavit of sueh agent ?|: . ' if. ••• (:j ' i. ' 1 .. I ■ I: f 1 , ' i I n .172 HII.IJ* OK SAI.K ANI> «HATT«:i, MOHTOAOEH. (a) That thi- «ii«l «>py or copicii o( tuch initruroent or m •trumentB truly «etH forth the tiTnw, nature and effect of th.- agreement between the parti.-a thireto witli reapeet to the per aoual chatteU therein mcntioneil; and (6) That aai.l inatruinent or iiiMtruinenta waa, or were t-xr euted in good faith, and for the puri)oae of a.-curing to the per aon letting to hire, the leaaor. the hailor. or the bargainor, Ih. payment in full of the amount therein mentioned aa to be piiul. and not for the mere purpose of proteeting the penM.nal ehatl.ls therein mentioneil against the ereditora of the person to wh...,, .uch peraonal elmttela an- hired, the le^-e. bailee, or Imrgain.r. or of preventing auch ereditora from recovering any ehim whirli thev may have agaiast him. (3) Sueh aftklavit ahnll be as nearly aa may be in the fomi "D" in the aehedule. (4) The Registrar on receipt of auch copy or copies iiihl affidavit shall duly file the same, and cause them to be prop.rl^ entered in the index book kept for that purpose. (5) The person letting to hire, le»*sor. bailor, or bi.rgMiiMr. shall leave a copy or eopie.s of such instrument or in8truinri,!>. in writing, with the person to whom such personal chattels ,iv hired, the lessee, bail.-c. or bargainee, at the time of tlic ..xc.utH.n of such writing or within twenty days thereafter. (6) If a copy or copies of auch instrument or iiiKtrum. ' n in writing, and aflidavit. be n..t filed as required by aub-* . ; i, (2) of this stftion. the agreement between the parties th.il i i property or such lieu shall remain in such person icttinjr lo i.i lessor, bailor, or burgainor, as aforesaid, shall a.s a^:ain>i ' :• creditors, purchasers and mortgagees of the person to wh ^ personal chattels are hired, of the lessee, of the bailee, or oi n- bargainee, be null and void. (7) Every person letting to hire, lessor, bailor. <>r ban.' i shall on demand by any creditor or interested! p.-xon i said Registrar, within twenty days from tb. .lakins: demand, a sworn statement of the amount due rti swrh -- TIIK \()V.\ S««»TI.\ AIT. :«7:j m..nt. and on r«il»r.. f„ H|,. ,„,|. M«t..Mu.ut Hhall forfeit hII right. H.Trumg un.l..r th. *.,„.. hh again.t such creditor or interested pernon, and a. f„ H„eh ere.liu.r or inferented penwn, the Hgree- mem between the pHrtie. that .uch property or H.u-h lien Khali re- 'K .. m auch person letting to hir... nueh k^or. bailor, or bar- g.Mnor a. aforii.ai.1. nhall theneeforfh Im- null and void. It shall b- snfneient to n.ake H„eh de.nand by ,„„iling ,he aa.ne, pc^tage l>n .paid and regiHt.-ivd, to the p,«t ofTi.-e addre« of the person Mting to hire, lesaor. bailor, or bnrKainor, an ntafed in the in- H'n.M.ent or inatnunents flle,l in the HeKistry «f Dee.U. under ,he lirovisions of thia Aet. (X) In eaae any pernon letting to hire, lessor, bailor, or bar- tr^unor, of any personal ehattels, „.s aforesai.l, or bia suereaaor. in ■ Mlert«t, taken or take passisaion tlieivof for breaeb of anv '-..hf on. he or they shall retain the same for three n.onths, and th.. i.en.on to whom aueh personal chattels are hired, the lessee I'ailee. or bargainee or hia auc'esaor in inten'st oiav redeem the S.M,.. w.th.n such period on payment of the foil ,.,„o,.nt then in ;l|•^■,lr^. toffether with interest. _ :•) When pen«.n«l chattels have been let to hire, le«s,.,l •"l.MJ or bargaine.1, originally as aforesai.l. and a copy of the a.'ne„a^U between the parties tile.l according to the provisions '■' "ns Aet. an.l the same have been taken pos«es.sion of as in the I" M preceding sub-aection mentioned, such chattels shall not be >"A uithout twenty days- notice of the intendd sale being tim '- -n to the person to whom such j.ersonal chattels are hired • • l'Hs.e, bailee, or bargaine.-. or his successor in interest The '■■■ -.ay be pei^mally .served, or may, in the d^enee of such ■ -H, to whom such pergonal chatteLs are : red the lessee "^-■. or bargainee, or his sueecRsor in interest, be left at his resi' I-, or last known place of „bo,le in Nova Sc-otia. or be sent 'Vffistered letter deposit.-d in the ,,ost office at least twcutv- • 'liiy. before the time when the .said twenty davs will elapse •T'sscl to the person to whom such pcr.sonal chattels are . lit'- !> '- the lessee, bailee, or I 1 1 or Itargaince. or his sueeess.»- !!!f<-!!-st :n4 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MOBTOAOES. li ■?!r at his last known post office address in Canada. R.S., eh. 92, sec. 3; 1886, ch. 32, sec. 1; 1893, ch. 40, sec. 1; am. 7 Edw. VII., 1907, eh. 42, sec. 1; am. 8 Edw. VII., 1908, ch. 24, sees. 1, 2. The provisions of this Act shall extend to contracts made outside the Province of Nova Scotia. 7 Edw. '^'II., 1907, ch. 42, sec. 2. Lien and Lease Contracts for Chattrh. The object of this section, «aid the court, in con.struing .sec. :i. ch. 92, R.S.N.S., 1884, 'ith series— similar to the present ow in this particular— is obvious. It contemplates that the provi- sion in the agreement will be that the lien for the price is to re main in the bargainor. It is to provide for cases of the vendor ..I" an article delivering it, but retaining the property in that artul.- until all the purehase-money is paid: Manchester v. Hills. M X.S.R. .")12, ryji"). 52(). Therefore, an agreement that the pn>- perty should not pass until the instalments are all paid, the in- strument, although affording security, is not an instrument which requires filing as a bill of sale: McEntire v. Cros.sl...v Bros.. [1895] App. Cas. 457; Ex parte Crawcour, 9 Ch. U. 41'. The expression "lien" in this statute, of course, only iii.Jins an equitable lien, namely, a conditional delivery of ^oods u|)(.ii :i sale, the condition being that the goods should be paid for. I» fore the passing of title: Manchester v. Hills. 34 N.S.R. 512. ..i' >; Ilaggarty v. I'almer. 6 Johnson Ch. 437. An instrument evidencing a purchase of a stock in luenliin disc in bulk, upon condition of yielding up possession to Mf goods and thos.- subswiuently ac(iuired in the course of trad.'. :ii the event of default in any of the payments, negatives the li .i of the reservation of any lien or property in the vendor, luii. rather, imports an absolute sale and a gift back by way of mortgage, and, therefore, sueli vendor does not come within ilie category of a "hirer, lessor, or bargainor." thus dispensing uiili the registry requirements under this section, luit .such dwuiih nt tMmies within the term "bill of sale" defiiu'd by .see. 2(a) of ^Ins Act: Manclu-ster v. Hills. 34 N.S.R. 512. referring to Ilat'irity V. Palmer, (> .Johnson Cli. 437. But where a sale of a chattel is couplwl by immedinti' .le- liverj-, and the vendor reserves title to the i)articular cliMtM m the event of default or insolvency of the purchaser, a sale thereof THE NOVA SCOTIA ACT. 375 by the purchaser to an iniiowiit third party will give the latter an indefeasible title, unless the provisions of the Act are com- plied with : Miller Bros. v. Blair, 37 N.S.R. 293. An agreement by which the owner of cattle allows another the use of them for a specified time for their keep, is not within this section : Lewis v. Denton, 19 N.S.R. 235. This section has been held not to apply in the casi- of aji agreement for hiring wliich, instead of providing that on the completion of the payments agreed the hired piano should be- come the property of the party paying, stipulated for no option on that particular instrument, but that he should receive "one piano equal in value to the above-mentioned piano, with a re- ceipted bill of sale thereof: Gu&st v. Diack (1897) 33 C L J 497, 29 N.S.R. 504. v /, . . . It has ^been said that the expression used in this section, that the property shall be null and void, is too vague and mean- ingless to affect vested rights, and that the section does not touch the remedy, but only the validity of contract, and, tiierefore, does not invalidate a contract made out of the .juri-sdiction con- cerning chattels also out of the jurisdiction at the time of tiie contract: Singer v. :McLeod, 20 N.S.R. 341. Where a tenant purchased a piano under an agreement hy wliich the vendors retained the title until full i)avinent of tli'c purchase price, but did not file it under the Act, and the piano was distrained upon by the landlord, but the dLstr&ss was void because of the breaking open of an outer door in order to effect an entry, and the original vendors purchased it at the landlord's sale and took possession, they were held entitletl to the piano a.s again-st the sheriff levying under execution against the tenant it being considered that the sheriff could not set up the illegality of the landlord, for without that or a similar illegality on liLs own pint he could not have seized: Miller v. Currj', 25 N.S.R. 537, Wiiere a cash register is sold to a purchaser under .-. hiring :m(l purchase agreement witiiin the meaning of this .section, and '■iicre such agreement was neither accompanied by an atTiilavit Mor filed in the registry of deeds, the agreement, although valid MS between the parties, Ls null and void as agaiii.st the creditors, inirchasers, and mortgagees claiming under the purchase in ques- tion: Dominion Register v. Hall, (N.S.) 8 D.LR. 577. affirmed 11 r.Ii.R. 3(56. The execution of a mortgage by the J)argainee of eliatlels I -U '•I i M I t i i J 11 i-U 376 BIU^ OK SALE AND CHATTEX, MOBTOAOES. ■ f subject to an unrecorded hiring agreement vests in the mort- gagee under this section the legal title to them as against the bargainor or hirer, notwithstanding that such mortgage had not been registered in accordance with the provisions of sec. 5 of this Act : Lapierre v. McDonald, 39 N.S.R. 24. The title acquired by a purchaser of goods and chattels by reason of non-compliance with this section may be defeated where the sale, on which his title depends, is in contravention of the Statute of Frauds; and under these circumstances, the re- taking possession of such chattels by the original hirer, does noc constitute, as against the latter, an act of conversion for which trover may be maintainable: Kent v. Ellis, 31 €an. S.C.R. 110, affirming 32 N.S.R. 549. Sub-sec. (2) of this section requires the filing of the instru- ment within ten days after the delivery of the chattels, other- wise it is by sub-sec. (6) declared null and void as against credi- tors, purchasers and mortgagees. Construing a similar provi- sion, the Supreme Court of Canada held, that the "subsequoiit purchaser," etc., must he one who purchased after the expiration of the statutory period for filing, and it can not effect any rights under the instrument for any acts of the grantee done within such period : Hulbert v. Peterson, 36 Can. S.C.R. 324, reversinir 6 Terr. L.R. 114. This section, as it formerly obtained, was held not to appl.\ to a contra<'t made outside of the province, relating to chattel then also outside of the province, but which are afterwards brought into it: McGregor v. Kerr (1896), 2!) N.S.R. 45. :iL' C.L.J. 593; Singer Sewing Machine Co. v. McLeod, 20 N.SU 341, reviewed. See also, Goslin v. Dunbar, 32 N.B.K. 32.'': National Cash Register Co. v. Lovett, 39 N.S.R. 540. But the present section supplies this particular by extiMiilim: its application to contracts made outside of the Provinif i>t' Nova Scotia. The new provision under this section, that it shall exteml t'> contracts made outside of the Province of Nova Scotia Is . vi dently intended for cases, either where the oliattels to Im liif i are within the province and their owners ai.' resident \\itli'"i! the province, or where the chattels are immediately upon tl- execution of the agreement to b^ removed to Nova Scotia. In view of the limitation on each province not to extend its l;i\'» extra-provincially it would seem, and logically so, that unl' - THE NOVA SCOTIA ACT. 377 the parties to the transaction contemplated the immediate re- moval of the chattels to the Province of Nova Scotia, it «yuld not, under decision of Singer v. McLeod, 20 N.S R 341 effect vested nghte validly entered into in the place where the con- tract 18 made, unless the bargainor is aware of their removal m which instance, this section, on the principle of lex loci sit(f' will automatically apply. ' In the cas.. of Re Isaacson, [ 1895] 1 Q.B. 333, the assignor, by a bill of sale of a piano, also assigned to the assignee the benefit of a hire and purchase agreement in reference to the same piano The bill of sale not being registered it was contende.l that It was void .» toto; but the Court of Appeal (Lord Esher M.R., Lopes and Rigby, L.JJ.) held that the assignment of the hire and purchase agreement was severable from the assignment of the piano, and was valid, notwithstanding the bill of sale of the piano wa« void: see 31 C.L.J. 202. General Provisions; Eegistration Districts. 9. Where the grantor is not a resident of Nova Scotia in tlie event of the per.nanent removal of personal chattels from the .epistration district in which they were at the time of th^ .xeeution of the bill of sale or other instrument to another regis- tration district before the payment and discharge of the bill of sale or instrument, a copy of the same and of the affidavits an.l •Icuraents relating thereto, certified under the hand of the regis- trar in whose registry the same were first filed, shall be filed in tlu> registry of deeds for the registration district to which the personal chattels are removed within two months from such tvi.ioval, otherwise the bill of .sale or instrument as agaiiLst ere- 'iitnrs or purchasers shall be null and void. Indexes and Becordi. 10. The registrar of deeds shall cans*, the bills of sale or copies ■■">'l instruments required by this chapter to be filed, to be num- ' r-d and indexed, and a list thereof to be ma.le in a book kept ''> liirn for that purpose, containing the names and descriptions ^ the parties in alphabetical order, the date of execution and Wnitr. and the amounts of the consideration for which the same '■ iv,. iK^en given. R.S., ch. 92, sec. 7, part. • t if: «|, ! \ '"i. ;i III ■■I : ill ^ 1:^ 378 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MOBTOAGKS. i r ^ i r M I I i: I \l 'ik I Filing and Begistraiion. . It will be observed that there is no time of the day limited iu the statute for leaving the instrument with the registrar; and 80. if hi- receives it. even though it be at his private residence, with the fee for filing, and with the directions to file the same, the instrument is sufBciently filed within the provisions of this section. The absence of the instrument from the office canno . if there be no fraud in the ease, be taken advantage of by an at- taching creditor who knows of the bill of sale having been in the office and of its having been sent away while so absent Ihis law seems to accord with the view that the registrar s duties as to filing, etc., are directory only, and that parties interested, having fulfilled the statutory requirements devolving upon them, cannot be prejudiced by failure in the registrar to do his duty : Fisher v. Bishop, 17 N.S.R. 451. A party who has taken every step incumbent on him to secure registrj- is not to be prejudiced if the reg«t™r of deeds fails or neglects to enter .such deed in his books. The delivery to and the reception by the registrar of the instrument to be record.-.l. and the pre-pavment of the neee.ssary registry fees, raises a pre- sumption of the regularity as to proof of execution even though no proof of attestation is apparent on the face of the instrunu.,, to qualify it for registration: .lost v. MeCuish, 2o N.S.R. ^1 • .listiniruishing Orindley v. Hhikie, 1!» N.b-K- -'• See note to .sec. 8. British Columbia Act, distinguishing tli. words "filing" and "registering." Discharges or Releases. 11. Wliere a bill of sale or other instrument is discharged or rtdeased, an entry of such discharge or release may be made i.i the resfistrv list upon the production of a certificate from tli.' holder of such bill of sale, duly attested to by the affidavit nt .< sub-seribing witnes-s, and such certificate or release shall be in- dexed and entere.1 on the list and on the files kept by the re^'is- trar. R.S., eh. !»_>. see. 8. part; 1886, eh. 32, see. 6. Affidavits; CommiMioners. 12. (1) The affidavits mentioned in this chapter may be nuul • before the register of deeds, a judge of any court, a barrist. r of Supreme Court, a commissioner for taking affidavits, a .lusti v y THE NOVA SCOTIA ACT. 379 of the peace, or any notary public, whether within the pro- vince or abroad. (2) If the affidavit is made by the agent or attorney of the person required to make the name, it shall be set out in such affidavit that such agent or attorney making the same has a per- sonal knowledge of the matters deposed to. R.S., ch. 92, sees. 6, 8, part; 1886, ch. 32, sec. 5; 7 Edw. VII., 1907, ch. 42, sec. 3, am. Before whom Affidavits to he Sworn. The affidavit to a bill of sale is not invalid because sworn before a solicitor by whom the bill of sale is prepared • .Mosher v O'Brien, 37 N.S.R. 286, distinguishing the rule in the Judica- ture Act (O. 36, r. 16) as referring only to matters litigated in court, and not to outside matters, such as affidavits to bills of sale: Creighton v. Reid, 27 N.S.R. 72, followe' 'anada, Province of Nova Scotia, CouDtv of , (ncnipation^, T. A.B., of , in the county of iiiiikt' oath and say as follows : — 1. I am the grantor mentioned in the bill of sale (or the bill "f sale a copy of which is) hereto annexed [or I am the agent <'<• attorney of the grantor mentioned in the bill of .sale {or the i'lll of sale, a copy of which is) hereto annexed, duly authorized if I I ill n ! . . f|l I ii! I t 380 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL M0BT0A0E8. P £ »!!i I'' II I II i "f t. : r, '■\! in that behalf in writing, and have a personal knowledge of the matters hereinafter deposed to.] 2. Such bill of sale truly sets forth— The terms, nature and efifect of the agreement entered into between the parties in respect to the advances therein men- tioned, {or The terms, nature and effect of the indorsements made or given by the grantee for the grantor, or The terms, nature and effect of the liability incurred by the grantee for the grantor, or The tenim, nature and effect of the agreement in respect to the liability to be incurred by the grantee for the grantor). And truly states the amount of tlio liability created (or l)y such agreement intended to be created) and to bo covered by the bill of sale. 3. Such bill of sale wa.s executed in good faith, and for tlie purpose of securing the grantee, Repayment of his advances, or Against loss or damage by reason of his indorsements, or Against loss or damage by reason of the liability incurred by the grantee for the grantor, or Against loss or damage by reason of such agreement in re- spect to the liability to be incurred. And not for the mere purpose of protecting the personul chattels therein mentioned against the creditors of the grantor, or of preventing such creditors from recovering any claims wliich they have against such grantor. Sworn to at , in the county of , this day of , A.D. 19 Before me, (Sgd.) A.B. R.S.N.S. 1900, eh. 142, sec. 4. ili ' ■ill* (occupation), THE NOVA SCOTIA ACT. 38I (B.) (Section 5.) Akfibavit of Bona Fides. Canada, Province of Nova Scotia, County of I, A.B., of , in the county of make oath and sa, as follows: — 1. I am the grantor mentioned in the bill of sale (or the bill of sale, a copy of which is) hereto annexed [or I am the agent or attorney of the grantor mentioned in the bill of sale (or the bill of sale, a copy of which is) hereto annexed, duly authorized in that behalf in writing, and have a personal knowledge of the matters hereinafter deponed to.] 2. The amount set forth therein as being the eonsideration thereof was at the time of making such bill of sale justly and honestly due (or accruing due, as the case may br) from the grantor to the grantee. 3. The bill of sale was executed in good faith and for the purpose of securing to the grantee the payment of such amount (or payment to the grantee of sueii amount). 4. Such bill of sale was not made for the mere purpose of pro- tecting the personal chattels therein mentioned against the cre- ditors of the grantor, or of preventing such creditors from re- ''overing any claims, which they have against such grantor. >*»orn to at , this .\.D. 19 . Before me, , in the county of day of (Sgd.) A.B. R.S.X.S. 1900, ch. 142, sec. 5. See note to section 5 of this Act. 1 41 i: .1- ! M , ■,; ' i 1-^- ip- ill! i; f 'H .. i' i i i 1 i L^ i a- II 5; .It: * i '^ l|: 141 % 382 BILLS or SALE AND CHATTEL JI0RTOAOE8. (C.) (Section 7.) Renev^al Statement and Affidavit. Statement exhibiting the interests oT C. D., in the property mentioned in a bill of sale, dated the day of , 19 - made between A. B., of , of the one part, and C. D., of , of the other part, and filed in the registry of deeds for the registration district of , on the day of , 19 . and of the amount due for principal and interest thereon, and of all payments made on account thereof. The said CD., is still the grantee of said property, and hiw not assigned the bill of sale {or the said E. F., is the as-signoe of the said bill of sale) by virtue of an assignment thereof from the said C. D., to him, dated the day of , 19 (or as the case may be). Xo payments have been made on account of the said bill of sale (or the following payments and no others have been made on ac lutute'rw"' '"""^'''"""^ *" P'-«etieally not aflr..te.l hy the Lord Halnbury in CharleMworth v. Milk, (18921 AT 2:n at ZS whir ' Y '""" """^^■"'' •" ■••"""'" "' f'"«"-i"" "? uhich they had parte.! with, is manifest enough hv the Im fhl «-'"«h neverthelesa, the ownership was no longer theirs ho«. gomls ami chattels should Ik- subj-.t to the execution of bonaM, credaors who ought not to have been induee.l to give cTe88ion as is open, and rea- sonably sufficient to afford public notice Uwn-of R S O. 1897, c. 148, s. ;<9. (6) "Creditors" shall include cre cmlitoni, m well m cn-.liton hsvinif .•swutionn agaiMt the goodii and ehatfU of the i.wrtjfHgor or bargainor in the liantla of a Sheriff or ..th,r (.ffleer. R.8.0. 1897, c. !•♦**. »• •***• anit-nded 1913, c. IH, «• -t^- (c) "Mortgage" «hall include a conveyance iiitenditl to operate aa a mortgage. S( i''- (d) "Rolling atock" Hhall mean and include any locomo- tive, engine, motor car, tender, miow plounb, rianger. and every description of ear or of railway wjuip- ment deaigne,. Where the grantor was tenant of rooms where goo,ls . aui- nriscl in a bill of sale were placed, but residtni elsewhere .nul. having made default in paying the sum secured gave the k.>s of the rooms to the prautee, who opened them and put his n uue on some of the Komls, but did not remove them such would pro- bably not be sufficient: Robiiwon v. Bngt's, L.R. 6 hx. i, \'7,W TIIK ONTAMIC) ACT. .•W7 t'l:!:'' I u '* *• ■"»""*"•''' 'hat when., ^ood. art- in an un- occu,,...l ^op or warehouse, .uulrr loc-k an.l key, the uZ .ufflcent eo,„|,lmnee w.th th. Act, would no longer aufflr.- houjrh. .f nofco to th.. landlonl or hi. a^-nt in oha ^e o t .' ».u l.l.ng w..re al«, ^ivn .„,.h .night b.- co„. re.l a. „„ op ^ u^ , ,, " " * * • '• '^ i'-^Kx. 210, « L.T.NS :<6:r W..Ht ;■-, '^' ' ,^™-.'^" ''"= ">'-" ^' "-••-• I V'- H.„ ; 49 "i A r 1.1; Ward v. Turn.r, 2 Vt-.. S.-n. 431. Whore the aMi^nee un.Jer a bill ot gale of hoi.Mehold fur.,i. t..re immediately «.nt a per«,n to the hou«, to take and k^D .h.'; : "t^L" w' "'■"' P""'""'""' ^"' ♦*•« "-'•"'«"•. down to h': lute of the bankruptcy, continued to live in the houae and Z It h'n .r: 1" ''*' **"•' '"•^'^'""^'^ '»*""' ««'»«tomed to .10 U I-.K. 10 fcq. 6.}; an.l it haa .o l..-en hel.l even though the irrantoi^ d..! not continue to live in the ho,«... but merely, during tJedly Amino, when the debtor aaaign.'d all his property to truat.-e. for the benefit of hi. creditor., with the moat rrlSe accuracv an.! hiH a,|fn waa taken down, hut he remained on with hi. c erks " .~.on of the ,00.1.. a..,ling them a. before the a« g.^,:' , L ^h ^:'"\^".°^" P'-«P"'^y. .vet still accounting „T ^•...i.•e, the jury having negatived the poa.s..«,ion of the trust.., ' waa held that their verdict ahoul.l not be intertV-red^^ , ' Arinsfrong v. Mooilie. 6 T C O S VlP Thi. i • ' '<• any of our chattel moriag;^Act' """ ""^ "'""""'• The earlier statutex may here be menfione.l as slu-win.. fl,.. r. 'toTh "Th?'*"' *'" ""'"^'•""^ authori.i; ar:'!.: _ .y.H. .,J.,, a step further waa made than in Arm.stronL' v trav.ilitl and took pos.se8.sion, hut at once r,..,ieliven-,l to ""■.'I'l'tor aa agent of the cn.ditors. an.l .still ,h.> eh i g o ' .V tqmvaient to a symbolicn de verv nnt wa« he d that thJre was no change in posst«sion: McMart.n y McDougall 10 l'.C.Q.B. :«>9; Steele v. Henham. 84 NT. 6;4; tHm v. b. 1 H Barb (NY.) 102; Ilanford v. Archer, 4 llill. (N.V.) -d; and even had the horse been taken away, and from the tune ol delivery continued in the actual possession of the mortgagee, there would still not have been a sufficient delivery ot the w-liole of the tjootls capable of actua'- delivery: prr Pollock, L.B.. tan- ner v. Scovell, 14 M. & W. 28, at p. M, correctni-r a .lietun. o. Taunton, J., 2 A. & K. 57. An inmiediate delivery may be made within the meanin- of the statute, notwithstanding; that an interval of time, greater or less according' to circumstances, elapsed between the e.xe eution of the instrument and the actual taking po8ses.sion by the vendee or mortgagee: Haifrht v. Munro, !) V.VA .1 . 4b4. Mere wonls of .lelivery are insufficient, where, for instan.e a mortgagor points out a drove of cattle, and says •' I (leliver the property to you:" Porter v. Parmley, .>2 ^'-^ • l^'V '*"''j^ V. Montgomery. 50 N.Y. 252: Doyle v. S*/™' •*/'!«»\;V. ' Smith V Moore, 11 N.H. 55; Menzies v. Dodd, 19 Wis. U! It ha.s been held that if one of two partners in trad.- mort^r.ii:.- the plant, stock-in-trade, .lebts an.l profits to 8.'eure the re -pii> luent of a sum of money lent the other, and the mortgagor i^ allowed to continue in possession of th.> things mortgag.'.l .n,.l to retain the manag.-ment an.l visible ownership of them. tli. mortgage will be void as agaiiust creditors if lacking registr.p tion: Longman v. Tripp. 2 B. & P.N.R. 67; Kx part.- boss . !)e(} & J 2110; W..st V. Skipp, 1 Ves. Sen. 240. Though tin.h r mav be delivered by marking it with the initials of the .ms- .sign..e (Stoveld v. Hughes. 14 Kast :508), our statute requin-^. m a.ldition to delivery, an actual an.l continued change of p.>s->^ Bion of the things mortgaged. Hence, in Short v. Ruttan 1- r (• Q B 79 a d.'liverv, if such it could be called, of saw loi;s t^f THE ONTAHIO ACT. .'iSO Lholl 7,7 **•' »'-«n«feree>s mark, was considered but a before, and therefore the delivery, not being followed by an actual and cont.nued change of possession of the thin^ mort- gaged, the necessity for registering the assignment aro«. under the same express words of the Bills of Sale Act. 12 Vict e 74 Both Cummings v. Morgan, 12 U.C.Q.B. 565. and Mi.ldlebrook V. Thompson, 19 U.C.Q.B. m, are distinguishable from ShTrt V. Ruttan, supra. In the former case, though the timber re- .named in the possession of the assignor as it ha.! don. nre- t'Ztlhe *''\'.»°'^^««'"- --•- "o« otherwise in possession tZy '^'/""•'•"'^^ 't with their mark, the .lefendant (exe- cution cred.tor), on the trial, admitted the plaintiffs' (mort- gagees') right to this portion of the timber, and eonfin 1 1 contest between the parties to "whatever further quantity of square timber the said party of the first part should manufac ture during the remainder of the season." An.i. in the latter c. e, the person wno marked the logs wa.s clearly the agent of ^he grantees, h.s possession being their possession: MacPherson . I-redencton Boom Co., 1 Ilan., 12 N.B.R. m ; and there had been a f.nther delivery of some, in the name of thoi pre v.ously marked with the grantee's mark. To make validTeabst enters of the vendor a sale of timl.r to 1. cut dovl'ly Th ".lor, the«. must be an actual delivery to the purchaser after ' .e timber ,s cut down, followed by an actual and continu" V MSherr^°TT"',^J°./''' '"'^' "' ''^''' ^''«"«>«= McMillan ^. AI(bherr>, la Gr. l.«. But a person who, having a license to t. .-niploys another to fell the timln-r. cannot be dcpri^-^ of he timber by such other wrongfully selling it. for the' mo en Where the possession is in point of fact changed it is not -'.mred that it be given personally to a cnnlitor, purchaser or "•irtKagee; it may equally be given to a purchaJ^rfrom or :..;.• or him: Wilson C..T., McMaster v. (5aHaT. " U ".P M10I.S. .j_ Ale. 2.J.{; Jones v. Swayze. 42 X.J. (L.) "7!) ses.si?n'forTr'?^ *"' ""' '^ '"'^ "">'^><""<«-"' or vendei^ is pos- r fr^n the !*';'' V""^***^- "'^ v-^ee. unless such other dis- "ts from the act of possession, or asserts any right or title in- ,f >' t \ li: i\ I., n p U: i ■ i ■r 1: !!i 1 1 I v • ' I ) :-H I 390 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MOBTOAOES. dependent of the assignment by which the property was con- veyed to thein all : Haight v. Munro, 9 U.C.C.P. 462. Immediate delivery must be "accompanied by" an actual and continued change of possession of the things mortgaged, and, however decided the delivery may be, without the subse- •luent requirements the statute will not l)e complied with : Osier, J Scribner v. McLaren, 2 O.K.. at p. 265. The possession must k' actual, as contra-distinguished from constructive possession: it must be open and unequivocal, carrying with it the u«uh1 indications of ownership, and it must be accompanied with such unmistakable acts of control and ownership, as a prudent man would exertiise. Hence it is. that when articles are bought au.l paid for, but allowed to remain in the vendor's possession as b,-- fore lieyond a reasonable time for their removal, they may ytt be tkken as the vendor's, under a fifri facias against the latter s goods delivered to the sheriff: Carruthers v. Reynolds, 12 L.C V P 596 And even when removed to a different part of thi- vendor's premises, and separated from other articles of tlir same kind, and marked with the purchaser's mark, but the v.n dor still renmiiiing in possession, there is yet not such a sutli cient. uptual. and continued change of possession as to sjitisly the statute: Doyle v. Lasher, 16 U.C.C.P. 263. Nor is the change of possession sufficient when one pur cha««s a horse, cutter and harness, and absenting himself tw,. or thr.H' davs returns and puts the horse in its former stiilil. on the private property of the vendor to be fed as previously Pettigrew v. Thomas, 12 A.H. (Ont.) 577; but such re.siilr should not follow if the vendor is the proprietor of a sale or boarding stab!.-, and ordinarily keeping the horses of others to, hire, partieuliirly if a portion of the stable is exprensly >. I apart for the hors.-s of others, and the hors«' on iH'ing hrouu'lr back is placed in the portion so assigned. When' members of a family live together, and one of tli. m sells a chattel to another in perfe<'t gooil faith, though, p. r haF>8. there is as luueh a change of possession as the position of the parties admit of, yet it seems that if th.' chattel is us. ,i ,> before the sale of it, there is not such a change of posseRsioii is will satisfy the statute: Snarr v. Smith. 45 I'.C.Q.B. 156. Hut in Ramsay v. Margrett. 11894] 2 Q.B. 18, it was iili I that when a wife purchases from the husband certain fururnr.' TIIK ONTARIO A(T. 891 Of the house in which they live toKether, without actual .lelivery of the particular chattels, the law attributes the possession to the one who had the legal title, namely the wife, and the ap- parent possession of the husban.I is excluded. This decision is based on the Imperial Bills of Sale Act which contains the ex- pression of "apparent posst-ssion, " .lim-rinf? substantially from the Ontario Act which provides for "an immediate delivery followed by an actual change of possession:" Hogaboom v Oraydon, 26 O.R. 2!)8, M C.L.J. 100. It is necessary, also, to pay attention to the nature of the delivery, which is required to be immediate, when such can be had. Immediate delivery is only excused when the eireum- •stances prevent it: Ilaight v. Munro, 9 ['.C.C.P. 4fi2. The bar- gainee, or mortgagee, must go into possession at the time of the ixecurion of the assignment, and the possession must he held continually after delivery, or the instrument be registered one or other of which requirements must Im- shewn to have been complied with, whenever the Act applies: Eraser v. Lazier. 9 Where the sheriff's bailiff is in po&session of household "oods under an execution, and the debtor obtains a third partv an ^.uctioneer, to pay off the sheriff's claim under agreement" with the sheriff, to retain the bailiff in possession as security for the advance, the debtor still continuing to reside where the .'oods and bailiff were, it was held by the Hou.se of Lords, tluu the sunvndering of pos«'ssioii by the .sheriff to the auctioneer con- stituted an actual change of iiossession: Charl.sworth v Mills 1«»21 A C. 231, reversing 2.", Q.B.D. 421, and approving Ex l>arte Hubbard, 17 Q.B.D. 690. The "actual and continued change of possession" here re- t.rred to does not apply to the possession taken bv a mortgagee itfrr default; and where a mortgagee whose mort-aw was not r.gistered had taken possession and sold under the power of s.il.. in the mortgage, and the purchaser had obtained posses- sion, such purchaser was held entitled as against execution cre- litors of the mortgagor: Oillard v. Bollert. 24 O.R. 147. The wonls of the Act seem to require that the change of possession as well as the de!hvrv- .shoul.l imin.-diafelv aecom- P.ny the mortgage, and .should U continued from that time I'ut not that the actual change of possession must invariablv ( • i I- {: ■s ill , - 1 r irii;: < - i: » I 'MM n II m ml i ill t , i Ij • h liii it;va i; "I wmi' ■^Hhm! 392 BILX« OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOES. accompany the execution of the mortgrage, and be continued from that time forward to be of any avail, although the mort- gage must be "accompanied by an immediate delivery" of the things mortgaged: Wilson, J., Ontario Bank v. Wilcox, 43 r.C.Q.B. 489. V^' have seen, however, that though an interval of time elapses, perhaps even a few weeks, greater or less according to the circumstances of the transaction, between the time of the execution of the instrument and the actual taking possession by the vendee or mortgagee, nevertheless that the delivery may be immediate within the meaning of the statute: Ilaight v. Munro, 9 U.C.C.l'. 462. The change of possession is to be open, or in other words a visible change; but even that will not suffice if the character of the change be not consistent with an honest transaction: Wilson V. Kerr, 17 U.C.Q.B. 170, affirmed in 18 U.C.Q.B. 470; Reid v. McDonald, 26 U.C.<;.P. 147. And although it has »)een said that visible possession cannot be put higher than actual possession: Jessel, M.R., Ex parte Safferey, 16 Ch.D., at p. 670, it would seem from the statu tory definition here given that the legislatures have overridden that doctrine, and that there is required something more than actual change of control, for gootls may be in the true and ao- tuiil possession of one person and in the apparent possession of iinotber: Robinson v. Tucker, 1 C. & E. 173. Where, for iu- stiince, notwithstanding actual relinquishment of possession, tlie form r owner continued his residence, his presence about tiie place and occasional user of the subject-matter of the mort- gage, in the eyes of the public the same as formerly so that they could see nothing to indicate a change, then the statute is not complied with: Danford v. Danford. 8 A.R. (Ont.) olS; Fhum v. Pierce, 58 N.II. 348. If there has been a change of posses sion. upon an actual sale, and knowledge of the change of pos- > 'ssion is possessed by tlie particular creditor who invokes tin- aid of the statute, then it is immaterial .whether or not tlie change was apparent to casual on-lookers, and the statute will »)e complied with: Danford v. Danford, supra; Gibbons v. Iliek .son. 55 L.J.Q.B. 119. 53 L.T. 910, 34 W.B. 140. And where material is sold and delivered, to be worked up by the purchaser's foreman in repairing a vessel, as well I- 11 THE ONTARIO ACT. 393 as by the vendor, and is Ifft on the vendor's premises, where the work is to be performed, ancl apparently in his possession as before, possession would not be sufficiently changed to do away with the necessity of a registered instrument, although fonnerly, a different rule obtained: Gildersleeve v. Ault 16 U.C.Q.B. 401, and see McPartland v. Read, 11 Allen (Mass ) 231; Laflin v. (Jrifflths, 35 Harb. 58; Wheeler v. Nichols 32 Me. 233; Weld v. Cutler, 2 Gray (Mass.) 195; Patrick v Mes- erve, 18 X.H. 300; Doyle v. Stevens, 4 Mich. 87. In ca«« where the vendor has not the property in his pos- session, nor yet the right to its possession until the iiappening of a subsequent event or something on his part to be performed lo'.r'^'l."!'" ,""''■ "PP'*'- ^•^ *'■•'■ "• '"f'-"- «""'^.v V. James! VI V.t.i^.li. li>7, no longer applicable. The Act will ako apply to goo*is in customs; but if thev are warehoused in a Iwnded warehouse under the provisions of the Customs Act, no transfer of property therein is valid for the purpose.s of that Act, unless the transfer is in writing sijrned by the importer or his duly authorized affent, or is made by process of law, and unless such transfer is produced to the collector or other proper customs officer, and is recorded bv \Ti ",f !; J^^' '• ^^' '• ^'' ""'^ ^' "«■•"« '■■ t'ommercial Hank, lb U.C.Q.B. 437; May v. Security L. & S. Co., 45 UC (i.H. 106. But registration of a bill of sale of goods is not .ice.^ry when the goods are in the hands of a warehouseman «ho becomes the agent of the transferee a.ul agre.'s to hold' tile goods for him: Jones v. Henderson, 3 Man LK 433- Ke Cunningham, 28 Ch.D. 682; Com. Nat. Bank of Chicago v ('or- -•".an. 6 O.K. 527, 20 C.L.J. 272. And the Act doe« not apply to letters of hypoth.H!ation accompanying a deposit of gomls* bv Murchants or factors, or pawn tickets given by pawnbrokers, or HI tact to any case where the objwt and etFect of the transaction ^•rc nnmechately to transfer the possession from grantor to f-'niritee or mortgagor to mortgagee: Re Hall. 14 Q.B.I). 38(). Strict complian... with the Act is necessary, notwithstanding I t .at there may have been as much a change of possession as / 'tiH position of the parties admits of: Snarr v Smith 45 FC ' •V 15., at p. 1,59. Whether or not there has been an immediate delivery and 'I'fficicnt change of possession to satisfy the statute, is not a (■ H ■ - m ;m fl ; :i (11 \ im ■:|| Hi il I- III n ■'. ^ i :-l ■ -1 . i ;9l !!■ 394 BILLS or SALE AND CHATTEL MltBTOAOEH. question of law, but one of fact, and. as such, a question for the jury : Wahlie v. GranKe, 8 II.C.C.P. AM ; Swrift v. Thomp- son, 9 Conn. 63; Howe v. Kelly, 27 Conn. 538; Warren v. Carl- ton, 22 111. 415, but see Youu»f v. McClure. 2 W. & S. 147; Car- penter V. Meyer. 5 Watts 243; Milne v. Henry, 40 Penn. 302; fadbury v. Nolan, 5 Penn. 320; Burrows v. Stebbins, 26 Vt. 650. But when the fact is tried by a Judge there is strong aversion to interfering with the conclusions reached by him upon the evidence at the trial regarding such fact : Scribner v. McLaren. 2 O.K. 2t)5. When, however, there is no conflict of evidence, and no controversy as to the fact, it becomes a pure question of law, and as such is to he decided by the Court. Burton, J.A.. Pettitfrew v. Thomas, 12 A.R. (Ont.), at p. 578: see Scribner v. Kinloek, 12 A.R. (Ont.) 367. The aetuiil chunfie wiiieh must immediately follow a sale is the same change which must continue; it therefore cannot be said that the change continues when the vendor apparently resumes his place in the shop containing the goods in question, one day after the sale, though in reality as clerk or salesman for the purchaser: Scribner v. Kinloek, 12 A.R. (Ont.) 367. Actual possession, taken by the grantee on an unregistcr.d bill of sale, even though taken wrongfully, and, even under circumstances which, per sc, would amount to a fraudulent pre ference, may exclude the operation of the Act as to parties who subsequently acquire rights. When possession is taken right fully the possession will be extended by eon.struction of Ian beyond the actual physical possession, but this will not be don. in the ease of a wrong-doer. His possession will not be extendni beyond his actual physical possession: Ex parte Fletcher. ■> Cli.l). 809. When taken rightfully, before any other rights haw accrued, the mortgage becomes good, though the filing be iri" gular, or even there be no filing at all, though the description be insufficient, and though there be other defects whicii, h.nl such possession not been taken, would have been fatal to tli' mortgage. The tiiking pos-session amounts to an identification and appropriation of the property; Morrow v. Keid, 30 \V!> 81, 84; and where property passes by a bill of sale, and tli" mortgagee takes pos.session, and has actual possession with suoli change as the statute requires, though before the mortgage !>• - comes due, he still has the right to retain the goods as agaiust ^ma U THE ONTAKIO A(rr. 395 a creditor who Iwcame such only after possession had been taken subject, however, to the mortgagor's right of action, if any for taking possession before default: Kobin« v. ("lark, 45 U f O 11 362 : see sec. 23 of this Act, infra. Where, according to the terms of the instrument, the grantee upon default ma.le by the grantor, is entitled to the possession ot the goods, upon demand, and makes demand, but dw-s not take the goods out of the grantor's possession, there is not such a change of pos«-ssioii as to prevent the application of the Act: Ancona v. Rogers, 1 Ex.D. L'85. If a bargain.... or mortgagee, does not actually get possession, diligenee in at- tempting to get it will not help him: p,r Mellish, LJ Ex parte Jay, L.H. 9 Ch., at p. 705. Nor will an inetr..etual at- tempt to get possession be sufficient to satisfy the Act; nothini: short of taking the property out of the actual possession of the mortgagor or equivalent acts, will prevent the statute from applying: McKellar v. MeKibbon, 12 A.R. (Out ) 2->l 21 C L J 414, and although an action be brought by a mortga^'ee for re-' • overy of goo«Ls founded on the wrongful act and refusal of the ".ortgagor to give them up, the demand, followed bv the action 18 for some purposes construed as possession taken of the goodi ■i.ortgaged, yet such is only constructive pos.session, aii.l as the change is not an open one affording public notice it will not suffice: flyman v. Hourne, 5 O.H. 430. A landlord who, by arr«,.g,.ment with his tenant, purchases I ... latter 8 chattels at a bailiff's sale under distn-.^s for rent ti.ou-h he may be a purchaser in good faith within th.. meanii..' ..t th.> statute, must do something more towards taking posses" smn than merely hirin« the tenant a« his .s..rvant. at so much a month, and putting him in charge of the chatfls, and leavin-' ..... in possession of them upon the place, to all appearances a"s .ha. previously lived then-on while he was tenant. The fact t ..., the landlord may !« a pureha.ser brings his case within the op..n. .0.1 of the statut.. in r..gard to the strict need for an |..tn..U|l.ai.ge of pos.session : Farlinger v. McDonal.l, 45 U.C. A sale of chattels consisting of household furniture in their .s,.l..nce between a marrie»■"(? 10 live together, without a ,l„lv regisf.red bin .1 sale. ,8 voi.l as against creditors, for there ea.inot 1... said to T 1^ if- I i.„ i ! ! : I i *■'■ I .'- I ill I i" I n i '! 1 -i ; r^l !! l.ili 396 BILLS OF 8AI.E AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. be an actual and continued change of possession within this de- finition: HogalMW'u V. Oraydon, 26 O.R. 298, 31 C.L.J. 100; compare Ramsay v. Margrett, [1894] 2 Q.B. 18, previously referred to. So where a purchaser of a piano under a hire receipt be- fore payment thereof agreed with his wife that she should pur- chase his interest and pay the balance due the vendors, the transaction was held invalid as against execution creditors, by reason of the non-registry of a bill of sale and not followed by an actual and continued change of possession as required by the Act : Eby v. McTavish, 32 O.R. 187. It might, however, be otherwise were the original contract of conditional sale to be cancelled by the conditional vendor and a new conditional sale made to the substituted party although at the instance of the original purchaser, if the facts constituted a complete novation of contract. Assignee for Creditors. A chattel mortgage which cannot he supported by reason of failure to comply with the Bills of Sale and Chattel Mortgaiji.' Act, and i« therefore void both as to an assignee for the benefit of creditors of the mortgagor, and as to an execution creditor may Ik- so decliired in the one proceeding and the assignee ma\ . for that purpose, be added as a party to an interpleader issui* being tried l)etween the mortgagee and an execution creditor: Pulos v. Soper, 4 O.W.N. 1559. Rights of Liquidators. Prior to the amendment of 1913, 3 Geo. V.. making the tx pression "'creditors" applicable to a liquidator of a companv under the Winding-up Act, the question as to the status of a liquidator had In-en discussed in a number of Ontario decisions. It was first questioned, but not decided, in Re Rainy River Lum- ber Co., 15 A.R. (Out.) 749. Later, Street, J., in a dictum iu Re Canadian f i:incra, etc., Co., 2 O.L.R. 677, 679, held that a liquidator in a compulsory windingui), while in uo sense an ii.s- signee lor value of the company, still stands for the creditors and is therefore entitled to enforce their rights. Substantially the same conclusion was reached iu a decision by Teetzel, J., n - ferring to the above dictum in National Trust v. Trust & Guar- antee, 5 D.L.R. 459, 26 O.L.R. 279. ki(|ii£&L-' THE ONTARIO ACT. ggj o« JJif'^Jf";/. • i" "*" ^'«»«dian Shipbuilding Co., 6 D.L.R. 174, y '. ' *^'^^'"**''' from thj" dictum of Street. J., and held a liquidator of an incorporated company not to be a "creditor" "" *,"P"'^^'*''" f""" *'«'"t'" «'th"' the meaning of the Bills of Sale and Chattel Mortgage- Act. There was a motion for leave to appeal to the Supreme Court of Cuna.la for a final decwion of the question, but leave waa n-lum.d luH^ause, under the circumstances of that case, it would only have raised an academic question: r«>e 7 D.L.R. .104. Afterwards the statute ■i Oeo. V. (Ont.) WVi. eh. 1«. amended see. 2. mib-stn.. (ft) by inserting after tlie word • bargainor." the wor.ls "the liquida- tor of a company in a winding-up proceeding under the Wind- ing-up Act of Canada." Kighig of Creditors not Having Exrcutions. The words "suing in lu-hiilf of themselvt^ and other credi- tors indicate only the nature of proi.,.e,lingH n.-censarv to »i-t the mortgage aside, and that the same will enure to the bene- n i.%f' '""' ^'^y "'' creditors: Clarkson v. MeMaster. 25 (an S.C.R. 96; sub-section (ft) of this Act now interprets the word creditors" so to include creditors of the mortgagor or bargainor suing on behalf of themselves and other creditors a« well as creditors having executions," fixing upon the stat- I 'o .^ .T7 "''^«"«'''' '» <'l«rkson v. MeMaster. supra, and by Riddell. .J., m rnivers.ll Skirt Mfir. Co. v. Gormley, 17 O li.K. 114, in pn'ference to the opinion of Hritton. J., in the lat- fort: 17 O.L.R. 139-144. Auignment for Benefit of Crediton Excepted. 3. This Act, except section .32. shall not apply to an assign- ment for the general benefit of creditors to which the Assign- »•' nts and Preferenrcs Act applies. .\cu\ Mortgagei of Vetseli. 4. This Act shall not apply to mortgages of vessi'ls registered utuler the provisions of any Act in that liehalf. R S O 1897 e 148, 8. 34. 1{ ? i\ It • Ml i ^k I \ •'1 (: I I' \\ I il / tl ii J ' \ [\ ■:'i\ \ :}98 BUXti or 8ALJC AND CHATTEL MOMTaAOEtt. '!■! Exception of Registered Ve$$eli. This iM'ction has a much wider application than is uuplied by the mere worda it containa. Whatever ia on board a veaael, and ia indiapenaably neceaaary for the traffic and buaineaa in which the veaael is entiraRed, conatitutes a part of the veaael ht-r- self, and falla within the apirit and intent of the exception made by thw aection to the "Hills of Sale and Chattel Mortgage Act." If it should Ite held otherwise, that nothirg is considered aa part of the ship which ia not necesaary for her navigation or motion on the water, a door would be opened for many nice questions, and much discussion and cavil. It waa held, therefore, that a mortgage of a veaael, with all her apparel, furniture, etc., paased aJl the furniture, Klaas, crockery, beds, betldiuK. plate, etc., etc., as part of the vessel, and that the mortgage being of a registered vessel waa exempt from regiatry under the Chattel Mortgage Act : Patton v. Foy, 9 U.C.C.P. 512 : aee Gale v. Laurie, 5 B. & C. 157, but articlea on a vessel simply used for men' amusement, such, e.g., aa a piano, could scarcely be held as pass- ing to a mortgagee of a vessel: St. John v. Bullivant. 45 V.V. Q.B. 614. The word used is "veaael." In the Imperial Act, 1878, the won! "ship" ia used, and it haa been held that this word do Q.Ii.D a32. A mortgagor, after default, i.s. . to cmps grow- ;ii^ upon the mortgaged land, a tenant at sutr-rancc, an.l cannot, .>y gu-ing a chattel mortgage upon the cr.>p«, ,.o„fcr a title to the prejudice of the land mortgagee, unless the mortgagee acquire. 'I I : (I ' f , i:! <••. If M •} M i illli: i M •J h 400 Hll.l> 1>K s.UJE AND CHATTEL lHIRTdAOICH. by ft conveyance from the luortKHgor of the Utter'* rightm in which caw a merger of the legal and equitable title i« effected, and a mortgage on the crop* to a third party prior to the merger will take priority in point of time even though auch mortgage be executed auhaeiiuent to the execution of the ttrat mortgage: Bloomfleld v. IleUyer. 22 A.R. (Ont.) 2:12; McDowell v. Phipen, 1 OR. 143;€araeron v. {ii\m»i, 17 O.K. 2;W; »ee Sexton v. Brew, 135 N.Y. 387. A power of attorney to an appointee of acv.nil mortgageea, by a mortgagor, to aell the gooda, and with the proceeda pay the mortgage debt*, ia not a tranMaction in the nature of either a mortgage or aale within the meaning of the statute: l'atter«)n v. Kingaley, 25 (Jr. +25. Nor U a plwlge of gooda aa aecurity for a loan ; and a doeiiiiient aigned by tlw pledgor recording the tranaaction and regulating th.- right* of the plwlgee aa to the aale of the goo«lM, ami filed, will not iimke it auoh BO aa to Ih> voiil for want of complianc' with the re(|Uire- menta of the atatute: Kx parte Hubbard, 17 (i.HD. «!«•■ H«M)k debta are not within the operation of the Act : Nutional Truat v Truat and Ouarant«t'. 5 D.L.R. 450, 2(i O.L.R. 27!». A mortgage by an ineorporated company aa aecurity for lionda ia a "mortgage or conveyance intended to operate aa it mortgage of gooda an.l chattela" within the meaning of aec. .') and alao aec. 24, of thia Act. where the aame covered the niort gagor'a "undertakinga then made or in coiirw of conat ruction, or thereafter to be inmatructed. tog«'ther with all the property, real and perf'>ial, toUa, incomea, and aourcea of money, riglils. privileges anu franchiw-a. owned, held, or enjoye mortgaged, or is not regiateml aa a chattel mortgage, aa reciuir-M |,y aec 5 of the Act. it ia alnrolutely null an«l void aa against creditors of the mortgagor under sec. 7 of thia Act: Nationi.l Trust €o. v. Truala and Guarantee Co., 5 D.L.R. 45{», 26 O.l, l» 27!). Where a machine ia aold to a company upon an order aigii. i II THE ONTARIO ACT. 401 by the iMtw the condition, of which wnr,. that Ih^ oomn«nv .hould PH.V . part of the price in c«.h and the bl e i^^T ment.. w.th u.tere.t on .uch in.t-I.nent. pHVHbr^m. h" l^t of them. «n.l that the title «houhl not p«« ,o the com «nv u„M the money, payable by them under the onler, «.«"".„ 2' any other order, which might be given by the co^p nv to h" «.'ller .honbl be pa,d. Kuch tranwction i. neither a »L?J" ml . conveyance .ntend. ■ o operate a. a .nortgHge «nd r.Kf.r 'Sale and Chattel .Mortgage Act. nor n..iy ■ li. -.tHfor nnd the ...jler i. entitled ' '• ' ' 'he ternm of the order out ■ iMoi ({,. ( not affected by tb by the aale of tl to recover the of the eatate Co.. A. K. Vv ., Such t . I, sec. 8 of . I . delivery 1 foiir • ber«'fori . , —'ifi II III >l I , .♦! .1 iJ.I, A mortgh.' iif , Act in that Mmit. i. Nor i. a mortgage >* »« part of the veiw, 'iaii Camera and «)ptic«| K. 677. t*ithin the opi-nition of eompHnicd hy iinineoa»ifH8ion. and, ii (;|'i .'•aiioii ■ .■ .' .■•'H(l under the provimona of anv II.. I w, h ,. 11, Act: «•». aec. 4 of this Act. ' wif 1 11, her apparel, furniture, etc.. . . '•" • oy. !> r.C.C.P. .■>1L» and a dump Urge, propelled by oara. haa been hHd to be « yl^\o nd%9QTD 2^ tV •'«^''*'^. '""" '"e ..atute: Tpp 7. 1 ?r.n * Zi u 7^" P^P^rty in «n unregiateretl ship mav iH. tran.ferred by parol and delivery of poaK»sion like any other |..n«,n«l chattel (McLean v. Grant. 1 Kerr. .< S.H.R. rAultZ Ml of «,le un.ler the Act. .Wither i. an in.trument evi.lencing H .on.!, .onal «. e; but .uch i. subject to the Act n^pecting con I .tuma «.lea of peraonal property: n.. Statute, of Ontario 1 iotive WorV' «^-, •■*"•. «•«•*>• >»1^. eh. 1:16; Roger. I^o! rVY^' -V. v"' ■*■ '*'"• ^''^■- ^'«"'' '■ Weaver. 2.J ' ''^/V."''- *^»'" « 'hi. wHJtion applicable to an ...s.ru.„ent which convey, an interest in lancf and «l«. con '1.1. .iM, 340; lionglwttom v. Berrv. L.R. OB 12.1 But Z7i^^rT^^?""'^^ ""^ ,"«''-*""^"' »" •''' « 'Chattel mort- p. ge « by ^ 16 brought under the Act. and nm.t In- in writing ...i registered in manner similar to chattrl mortgage*. ..nlcM JT!-""^ r ""'"^'"*'' ''^'"•^'y ""'I followedTy an actual i-.d continued change of poaae«ion, and in like manner by «.c. -' -11U.« OP Mtl. fe I u I ! h 1 t 1 t n ! ) hff il '•'♦ fni i • • i 14 i I ) 'ill i n^ HY2 BILLS OP SALE AND CHATTEL M(«TOAOE». ■^ 17 of \h\» Act, every covenant, promiae or agreement to make a lale of chattela m deemed a aale under t' » Act. A mortgage of growing timber (Steinhoff v. McRae, 13 O.R. 546), or the ordin- ary rent receipt of a piano or furniture, with right of purchase (Crawcour v. Salter, 18 Ch. D. 30; StevenK)n v. Rice, 24 II.C.C.P. 24'!; HankH v. Robinaon. 15 O.R. 620; McDonald v. Porreatal, 2'« Or. 3(H). 19 C.L.J. 241; Forriatal v. McDonald, 9 Can. S.C.R. 12; him-oln Waggon Co. v. Mumfortl, 41 L.T. 655; Polaon v. De- V'tr, 12 O.K. 27.'»: Ex parte I'rawcour, 9 Ch. D. 419, ia not within the Aet ; hecauae. in the former inatance it ia an interest in land, while in the latter the property doea not paaa to, or vest in tlie leaaees, or pass from the leasors: Tomliiison v. Morris, 12 O.R. 311 ; Pr>e v. Milligan, 10 O.R. 509. But a conveyance of growing timber to be immediately felled is not an awignment of an interest in land, but a transfer of goods and chattels and, therefore, subject to the operation of this Act: Marshall v. Green, 45 L.J.C.l'. 153. 1 C.P.D. 35. Before the amendment of 1H04 it was held that a sale of stock in trade by one trader to another, the agreement beiin; that the property therein should remain the property of tin- vendor until the stock in trade was paid for, was not within tli.' Act: Banbi v. Robinwn, 15 O.R. 61H; but now such agreements in respeet of goods intended for re-sale are governed by the Cmi ditional Sales Aet. 1 Oeo. V. eh. 30. R.S.O. 1914. eh. 13fi. But i g».ii.'riil HJisigninent of property, by deed, will pass cut timlxr in the possession of a pound-keeper, so as to entitle the assigne.' to bring trover for the timber after demand therefor and n't'iis:il (Jack V. Eagles. 7 N.B.R. 95) ; and so such an assignment niiiy be within the Aet. A building agreement, in whieh is edntained a provision tliii nil matfriiils brought upon the ground shall l)e eonsiden-d is attached to the premises, and not wmovable without the Imul lord's assent, and that the landlord may enter and lake poHs.s ■ion of the material upon certain apecified default, is not wit!ii!i the Aet: Re.v.s v. Barlow. 12 Q.B.D. 4.36; Ex parte Xewitt, \« Ch. D. 522: Brown v. Bateman. L.R. 2 C.P. 272, 15 W.R. 1 -" Blake v. Izard, 16 W.R. 108. Nor again is an equitable assii.'i ment of goli' :i> 'M |;.pi THE ONTARIO ACT. 403 Ott -ii5«! o . "'-^^ P- 624; Burnett v. MuBean IG TTP Q.B. 466 But a contract in the following t.-nJ ^"tLV„ mmmmm l"rl, or .pproprUted w any other uL iklr.klf /., "1 A s:.a|.l.. r,r..i|,f for purcha*. monvy of ,-liHtf,.l8 not at fh.. -^n^lt;^rT'"'•'•' '™'" * '^-'^ "-"^- I-hah^ ;,w"t r^twlT"'""' 'T*!:'"*^ registration. ann-.l iKx part,. M.-l.-her. 4 I) & rh 7(«- Pv . V '; > •;• & '> ^4..: H„tchi..on v. Kav. Jl, B^; V/T ut' - --....„„.„, f„. ,.vin. .. fntur. n^ortgaKe.- or a .-o " nant for I i ^ l\ i\ ^. BlUM or »\l£ AND CHATTEL MdBTnAOB*. riftht to take poacraion of chattfU on a preacribed default, or contingency, may be defeatetl. as against creditors, for non-com- pliance with section 16 of this Act. An executory contract (as when a vendor agrees to manufacture and deliver certain timber to a vendee, or a tradesman agrees to make up and supply articles for a customer) is within the combined eflfect of sections 11 Hiid 17 of the Act. letters of hypothecation are not within the Act, nor are pawn ticketa. nor in fact any transaction wherein the poasesnion of the chattels is immediately transferred from grantor to grantee: Re Hall. 14 Q.B.D. :W6, prr Cave. J.; Ex parte North Western Hank. L.R. 15 Eq. 6!t, Marwlen v. Meadows, 7 Q.H. I>. 80. To be within the fifth section of the Act the mortgage must »M- given to secure an existing debt: the legislature contemplat ing that, at the date of the transHftion. there should Im* a bom fid, existing debt (Beecher v. Austin. 21 r.C.C.I'. :m; Middle brook V. Thompson. 1!» rC^.H. MM . ami a mortgage m pnv perlv taken under thi« section when the en-ation of the debt ami the execution of the mortgage are aiinultaneous, and part of one and the same transaction: Ex parte Holla id, 21 Ch. 1). .")4:{ When a transaction is. in fact, a security for an existing d.-M, the parties cannot evade compliance with section 5. relating t.. such a transaction, merely by adopting the form of an alisoiut.^ sale. If, however, the real traiiHactioii is a sale with a right oi repurchase upon certain terms, the vendor ean only he re<|uir. .1 to oh«er\e the re<|uiremeut8 of wetion « of that Act : Hop. v Parrott. 7 O.L.H. 49G. It has »H>eii held that the owner of lan«l upon whiili tli.i' were fixtun-H, such w. inaehinery in a mill, liad the right to s-v. r the chattels from the really, and, therefore, that a chattel m..i ' gage upon the fixtures was within the operation of the .\rt Ros.> V Hope. 22 T.C (M*. 482. Hut in the eww' of Haeon v. Hi • Lewis (18'>7). \\-\ V.\..A. :W CliJ. Ml; aW. handed Hanking Co. v. Clarknuii. dec-ided'by l*<'vd. f Vy\^- 2:. that a ehiittel mortgage on r/< fmio ViXUxu.. although dulv HUmI. will not prevail as agaiiiat a sul>He.n.. nt nur,ha«.-r or >uorlgagee of the land who reginters hia eonvrvni. nud has not iotmil notice of lb.- prior chattel mortgage. ■■'i?f3 t :- TIIK ONTAKII) ACT. 40.'> A mortgagor of land may give a chattel mortgage on mainne lying m heaps on the land (not the produce thereof) and hi purch««.r of the e.,uity of rnlemStiou in thrLnd ua^ t ...anure he makea himself liable i„ trover to the n^rt^L as • K ■„ ^"'•. '":''"''• •""'••* "'«•""••' l.vinK in heaps in a barnvar.l « a chattel which may Ik- taken away by «„ outgoing tinan (unleaa the contrary ia stipulated), it may in like rSsrd «lTL ."ortgage.1. Koahay v, l.am.. 1 IlHn.TJ.VB R 4T An instrument, in the form of an absolute bill of sale i. within this section of the Act. if it appears that the intenUon o! 4 Leigh. (V«.) 266; Dukes v. Jones, ti Joiie« (S.V ) L 14. Sanden. V. IVpoon 4 Pla. 465; Sh„w v. Wil.shir. 65 Me 485)' and evidence can be gone into to shew what the intention was hut the proo should 1. clear and convincing: Dabn^v v Oreen ' " h ix :i; ,; '" '""'" '"'""• '" ''"• '^ '"= ^'-^ '-••»•■ ^^-Pe": The absence of words of transfer from an instrument does not , ill if ifi' ^""u * ^■"*"*«^' P»'T>«rti«g on its face to be ; '"" °f «>^- "^-ived the right to the vendor to take possesaion i.. case of default it was held that the agreement constltutT Je v-ndor a mortgagee: Baldwin v. Owens. 21 Ky L Rep "v> An invoice of gootls sent by a ven.lor on rweivinif iin a.l vance of money from the purchaser with a contemporaneous a>rre.M„ent by the purchaser to let the goods to the vendor at a -n al exceeding the purchase nu.ney. in which it was stipulated at upon a «de of the goods realizing more than /as d le iM-reunder and expenses, the surplus shouhl go to the original hHr.an,or. has \^n held not to 1. within the Imperial 1^11^0! ^ale Act since the transaction amounted to a complete sale -."der which title to the goods passed to the pu^ha'Ier int- I-mlently of the invoice ane foUowetl "a« nearly as may 1.. •"; Reiil v Creighton, 24 Can. S.C.R. 69. If a miatake ha« lieen made innooently in fillinn 111 the i-oii aideration in the affidavit or the mortgage «o Ihat there is an apparent diacrepancy in the amount, it would aeem Ihat such error is not neceaaarily fatal. For example, where a chatt.l mortgage ia first drawn to secure the sum of five hundn'd ilollai- but afterwards and Ix-fore exe<'Utioii, the huiii is ehanired to sp hundred dollars in every place except tlie re<-ital where ll,. word "five" in inadvertently left in place of "six," such onii.- aion doea not amount to an untrue Htatemeiit of the consi.l.r , tion in the attached affidavit iw to invalidate the mortgage, wli, i the evidence affords a satisfactory explanation of tlie mistak.' in the recital: Fraser v. Macpherson, 34 .\.B. K.|. 417. alliriucl »>> the Sujireme Court of Canada. And it may l.e on the principle of rejwtioM and r"ti-iiti.Mi when the contract is severable, that a mortgage made l.v tu,. persons may Ih' invalid, so far as the inl.r.-st of one mortk-iiL'" • is concerned, yet valid so far hm conc.ins the infenst of !!■ other: Kx parte Brown. !» Ch D. 389. An agent advancing a principal's money, even for tii<' !• ' l.ose of the hitter's busim-ss. can be a iiiortgagt e, so lon« ms Ih - personally reHiwusible to his principal for the nion.-y li.' mI vances the fact that the debt w not due to the mortgatree hw. M TIIK ONTABIO ACT. 407 ■elf does not prevent the mortgage from being regktered under the lUtate: White t. Brown. 12 U.C.Q.B. 477 '^'^•^""«"^ »'«»e'' A treararer of a mutual inaurance comn-ay mav take . mortgage to h.n.*.lf for a debt due to the company ; bTthlmor; obviou. and proper counn, would be to take the mmgl^e dTrS to the company or corporation, for they have power to taki^ may maintain an action againat a wrongdoer for taking th- i^rLTS*^' f""*^'- •" ''"'"^ °' '-' re'ha, notneVi intereat ,n tiiem whatever; and ao can any other mortgagee who in truat for others, provwled the transaction be not invalid on any ground of public policy ..r otherwise A joint stock company, establiriied for trading purposes „rav RUe a mortgage as security for g.KKls sold to. or Lrklne or oU Ueffell V. Wh.te. I.K. 2 CP. 144. 1, .. a p..uer ^onerally .n.-ulent to a cs.r,>orate l«dy to hormw ...oney fo .-orpor e Z^ poses. Hnd to give security on corporate p^opert^■ for repam'^m .V way of chattel mortKage. Therefore, the trustees of ' ' ,X' dmt congregation of the Methodist Church of Cana.l. w iVh h^ «ay of chattel mortgage "to enable the ..uarteriv l.oani to de fray urgent claims": Brown v. Sweef. 7 A K lOnO ™ V The Cnmn may fake a mortgage from „„y of her s;,l,j.H.t8 to ""•"• ■' < ' < I f^''. MMd hanks may tak. h«M an,! .jispose of moHKa... upon personal property, by way of additional ^^Tri^v for dei,t.s eontra.te•■• n t\ 1 i ■ i 1 , 5 J ■ ! - j ■ , f 1] ; ; i ^- ■■ i k .' » il 408 BII.IJ* or HALE AND CIIATTEI. MORTOAnRS. the Act: Wade v. Bell Engine Co., 1 O.W.N. 1052. 16 O.W.R. 636. There ia no neceisity for a chattel mortgage to he under aeal: Hall v. Collina Ray Co., 12 A.R. (Ont.) 65; Wade v. Dell, 16 O.W.R. 6:17, 1 O.W.N. 1052. (iiiiMis and ('hall tin. The fact of actual physical attachment w the principal qupii- tion to be decided in aacertaining whether or not an article io a fixture, and the intention of the peraon affixing ia material only ao far aa it can be preaumeii from the degree and object of tli)* annexation : Hohaon v. Gorringe, (1897) 1 Ch. 182. M C.L.J. :ni. In the older caae the teat aa to change from peraoiialty t<> realty waa one of phyaical annexation only, the i|iieRtion Win^r in all of them whether the fixture could Ik- diat rained or whetlit-r aeverance of it might not conatitute waste: .'> Bacon Abr. WaNtt- (c) 6; 2 Rolle Abr. Waate. Aa time went on other authorities held that uae or purpoae or adaptability whh the tetit, and whMt waa known aa conatructive annexation followed : Farrar v. Stack pole, 6 Me. 154. A leading American caae aeema to aum up ill that i« now re(|uired to conatitute the change aa (1) actual »n nexfition either to the freehold or to aomething thereunto appiir tenant: (2) adaptability to that part of the realty with whirli it is eonui'cted, an11 ; Hacker v. Munroe, 176 111. ;184; Ward v. Kilpatrick, 85 N.Y. 41 i A trade fixture attached to the freehold becomea part thereof. aubject to removal by the tenant if done in proper time, but iiiiiil auch severance it n'lnains part of the freehold: Seartli v. On tario Power Co., 24 O.R. 446, following Meux v. Jacolw, I..K 7 H.L. 490. Sawa and other machinery of a saw-mill are not trade ti\ tiires: Kieliardson v. Kaiiney, 2 r.C.C.l*. 4»iO. The partiea to a contract may apecially agree aa to the nalm. and character of trade fixturea and auch characterization will govern: Scarth v. Ontario Power Co., 24 O.R. 446, follow in,' Davey v. Lewia, 18 T.C.Q.B. 30. A stamp mill erected by licenaeea of a mining area upon Crown lands, for testing ores, tlu- mill reating on tlie soil by r- l-'^ THE ONTARIO ACT. 409 own weight .nd iiteadied with bolt, for that purper In-longing to two peraons beeo-.u^ mixed and incapable of bemg di8tingui.»he,l tlmH,^, the fault of one of them The peraon ao wrongfully confuaing the p„,p..rtv be delivered to the other, and to that extent the latter InH-o-nes entitled, and does not, by taking the whole, make hin.aelf liable for ccnveraion : Tucker v. Muirhead. 6 All., 1 1 SM K 4»(» M,,, w-hen a portion of timber out of a large quantity haa k-en pro- perly diatmguiahed and appropriated, auch portion vests in the vendee at once; and a letter written t<. the purch-aer of the imber by the maker thereof, atating that a part of a ,,„antitv of imlH-r m the nver (which r«rt waa diatingui«h«l bv a parfieu- ar mark, waa for the purchaaer, and aueh letter iaaaaent^nl to l.y the purchaaer. then the letter and aaaent amount to *„ appro. w"vuV"A?'= Macpheraon v. Fredericton Hoom Co. 1 |«„ !-• N.H.K. ;W; aee afa» Pollock v. Fisher. 1 .\||., fi N.ii.R. ",5' location nnd H< moral of lUmh. In R.S.O. 1887. ch. 12.>. the word -n.ade- app-are.! b,.fore 'li«t the Act only applied to inafrumenta executed witj.in the i-rovinee. Thia waa apparently not contemplated to \w the law •hM in.- «on| • nrnde" waa tben-fore omitte.l in .->7 Viet eh m' it the good, are in Ontario, thmigh the part.ea to the mortgag;. all rea.de .n another province, the law of Ontario gover.« and the -rt^age mu.t in all reap^H^,, ,o,„p,j. ^.j,,, ,^,. ^,„, «" '^^ I It I 11 M ( ! y ,«• 410 BIIJ.M OK HAUS AND CIIATTei. MUHTUAGBH. quiutea: River Stave Co. v. Sill, 12 O.R. 557 ; Marthinaon v. Pat- teraon, 19 A.R. (Ont.) 188. When the property mortgaReil ia beyond the iimita of the province at the time when the mortgage ia made, the law of the place of contract govema aa to the nature, validity, conatniction and effwjt of a mortgage; and if the property ia removed to another province, though the mortgage be not executed accord- ing to the law of that province, yet if executed and reconled according to the lawa of the province where executed, it will Iw effectual to hold the property in the province to which it ia re- moved : Jones v. Twohey, 1 A.h.R. 2«7 ; River Stave Uo. v. Sill. 12 O.R. 570; Go«line v. Dunbar, 32 .N.B.R. 325; Singer Machine Co. V. McLeod, 20 N.S.R. 341 ; Bonin v. Robertaon, 2 Terr. L.R. 21 ; Ft-rgiiMoii V. Clifford. 37 N.ll. Hii. I'oMScasion of Good*. If peraonal thinga are in the visible poaaeaaion of a venn. 12 A.R. (Ont.) 92. An agreement that a chattel mortgage shall not Ix- retfint.!. I and the possession shall not i-hange thereunder reml.rs • mortgage void from the beginning: Ciarkson v. MeMa-^t.r -' > Can. SO.R. 96. Whether or not th»-re lias b«'(-n an «(-tiial and (-ontiini' Tlilc ONTAMO ACT. 411 chanfe of po««ion of the thiug, tnortfiKed. in order to ohvi.te the necwMty of regut«rinir an haiMiinent umler thin Act de- pendi upon the nature and poaition of the property, m well •!«, «■!''*«*» "*"" ""^ P«T>o«« of the aaaignmnnt; Fry v' Miller, 45 Penn. 441 ; Mo.iie v. Powera, 17 X.H. 28fi. When the property mortgaged ia of ,uoh a nature m to be incapable of being delnrered. aa in ihe caae of growing crop., unl.« the mort- gagee entera into poaaeaaion of the l.nd. there k -k. alternative for r«giatration. Chattela not ■.. exiatence. or not «c.,uired at the time of the tranaM>tion concerning them, are «ul.j,H.t to the Act by virtue of «wtion IJ, but book debta are not within the A.t : National Tnwt Co. v. Tnwta ft (UiatHnt.-e Co.. .") I) L H 4.V» ib O.L.H. 27!». following Thibaudeau v. Paul 26 () I{ W.' K.tchm« V. IlickH. « O.K. 7.19; Tail\v v. Official R.>,...iv..r. l.j .\pp. Laa. oiU. In endeavouring to reach the meaning of tlie wwda in the Ontario Act, to «ay what ia an immcliat.. delivcrv "f the gooda, which are the subject of the mortgage or aale aa he c«M may be, we are to look at the nature of tlu- g,H„lH «,.«tt..|s are capable: ,», r Hpra^e. C.-I.C).. McSiaaf.r y. Garland. 8 A.R. (Ont.) at p. 5; Ex parte .Morrison. 42 LT would be poaaible, in another would lie impoBKible The law is reasonable, and requires not that which is impowible (.Mc.Martin Iran'uu "^ •.*'.»*• .=^«7 ; .Maul«.n v. Commerc-ial Mank. 17 .1 .VJ.H. .«»), but It insists upon every precaution agaiiwf fniud l.v persons remaining in actual poHa,«si«n of go.Mls and .-hatl.lN and keeping up the appearance of lieing the owners aft.-r thev .I.N|H«ed of them by bill of sale absolutely, or by w«v of mort". pige: Hamilton v. Harrison. 46 r.C.(^.B. 127. IWutions are wisely nweasary. when it is iv.ne.nlH.r.d I.Ht the Htatute makes the title by poeseasion a perf-et title in t..v..„r of cre< itors, and in favour of «ubse<,uenf moifga»fe..s „nr HALK ANR rHATTKL MlWTllAUBM. \ -'i by ■evtion 2(a) to im Mich change of poHMHtou m k open anti r«>Monabl> •ufllcimt to afford public notice thrraof. Notwithatanding the making of a chattel mortgage which traiiafera the legal title to the g«o.Jii to the mortgagee, the mort- gagor may maintain au action againat a wrong doer who illegally tnUf* poMtwion (r-g., a landlord dial raining for rent before it in aiH- hiim. auil the iattir cannot ■»•! up jui lertii of the mort- gagee aa a defence, but the penoii out of whoae poaeaaion the gnotla are taken may ahew it ; and, if the mortgagor 'a own caa.- diacloaea the mortgagee's claim, he will he requireil to procure the latter 'a releaae from any action for the aame cauae by tiie mortgagee, before enforcing a judgment for converaion of the g«)oda: Williama v. Thomaa, 25 O.R. ii.i6. A deetl, though it may be voi«l with reapect to tine parcel of proptrly for wiint of retriatratioii, ia not. then-fore, avoidetl •« /.i^-. or riMKlcri'd iiivaliti ai to »fooi exiat, this Act should at all cventu receive no more than it* tnn- conatructii.n: Oough v. Kvcrard, 2 II. & (*., I'ollwk. I'.H.. at p. s f '«/>!( .■ "♦«t"»^': «"' 7 Kdw * II l.«)(. eh. 2. ae«'. 7, huI) wva. 18. IS. R.S.O. 1!(14 eh 1 ,., T'"! '"'■"'•''' '^'''" =»<• «•«* rep4'al.Ml by the HillMof Sh|,. „,„| ( liatfel Mortgage Act, 10 Kdw. VII. 1«»1(». eh, ti.'. RSO lOM ; h 1. •». evidently on the aupponifion that the Interpretation Act iH wide enough to cover auch contingency. Thia proyiHi,,,, „f f |,e Interpretation Act. namely, aub-aec. IS of «t. 7. eh ' 7 Fdw II. (R.S.O. lf)14. ch. 1). chronoh,gically dates l«ck to'an.l waa f ! ii • i :i 111 MMIOCOrY nKXUTION TCST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2| jk /APPLIED IIVMGE Inc 165J Eosl Main St'Mt Roch«8l«r. New York U609 US* (716) 482 - 0300 - Phon. (716) 2SS - SM9 - ro« 414 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MOBTGACil»S. m t^^ tlTtaj Hi 1 first enacted in the Ontario Statutes in 50 Vict. ch. 7, sec. 2 (R,S.O. 1887, ch. 1, sec. 8, sub-sec. 17), subsequent to the case of McLean v. Pinkerton, supra, which had been decided in 1882, Apart from former rule 457 of the Judicature Act then in force containing a similar provision as to Court proceedings no such provision was then to be found in the Interpretation Act. Wil- son, C.J., in McLean v. Pinkerton, supra, followed Morns v. Richards, 45 L.T.R. (X.S.) 210, and rejected the Judicature Rule as being inapplicable in the case of a filing of a chattel luortjrafre. The same case settled the Ontario law at that time, that apart from a statutory enactment such as is contained in the Interpretation Act, where the time for the filing of an instru- luent expires on a Sunday or holiday when the registration office is closed the registration could not be validly effected on the foUowinft day: see also In re Parke, 13 L.R. Ir. 85; Williams v. Hurgess, 12 Ad. & E. 6.35. A fraction of a day will sometimes be reckoned. To carry out the ends of justice, the Court will divide a day, or even an hour, and thus give the party equitably entitled thereto the benefit of every moment of time: In re Sheriff of Newcastle, Drap. K.B. Rep. 503; Pugh v. Duke of Leeds, 2 Cowp. at p. 720; Pewtress v. Annan, 9 Dowl. 828; McMartin v. McDougall, 10 U.C.Q.B. 399 ; Thomas v. Desanges, 2 B. & Aid. 586. A mortgage or bill of sale that has been ineffectually regis- tered may, during the five days, be taken off the file and re- registered (In re Wright, 27 L.T. 192) ; but not after the time for registering has elap.sed : McTaggart v. Rose, 14 Ind. 230. In the latter case a new mortgage or bill of sale must be made and filed with a fresh affidavit (In re O'Brien, 10 Ir. C.L.R. app. xxxiii.), and if a mortgagee take possession under his mortgage before the expiration of the five days, which he may do, his pos- session before others have acquired rights in respect to the pro- perty will make his mortgage effectual, an.: le need not register tlie inortgajre at all : pi r Sir A. Cockburn, C.J., in Marples v. Hartley. 30 L.J.Q.B. 92; McTaggart v. Rose, 14 Ind. 230, pir Lush, L.J.; Ex parte Saffery, 16 Ch. D. at p. 671; see sec. 23 of this Act. , . . The time from which the five days is to be computed us not the date of the instrument, but the date of the execution. The presumption of law is that an instrument was executed upon th.; ,lav of its date, hut this may be rebutted. The date of a deed THE ONTARIU ACT. 415 or instrument generally means the time when the deed was d«v « . ^''^ date which may sometimes be an impossible day : Beekman v. Jarvis, 3 U.C.Q.B 280 'possioie in treT„'s:;;f„roVtVtf''^*° ""^^^ *•"** * •°'«*«'^« *«» ^-de serte iTn h K J /'t' ""'^ '* '" °«* °»«t«"«l ^^at the date inserted in the body of the instrument differs from the dat<. «H^rn to .n the aflSdavit of execution as being th«d™te of te cut.on. The insertion of the date of execution in the a^davit" b'aker .. Kerr Toina'Z'nJ^r''' If '^r^ '''^ «^-«- «)^.. fv, _ "'"".JO ma. .108. When asserting any riehts un- a lid':.":TfiIin'! " 'Tr"'"^ °" ^''•^ mortgfgee'o ptve i^ In^-fl / ., ^' ""*^ ^^""S*' section 27 makes the clerk's A mortgage under this Act executed on a Sundav is not void he P-ving or taking in security not being a buviii/or senint u.thm the Act to prevent the profanation of trLordVoav Ihe words "as hereinafter provided " refpr to ♦!,„ Attestation. i.l JVq'b.d:°Ii6:'""" """'* '•' *'*- ™"^'"^"^'= «™' - Clar- vovlll" tl' ""'*"''■''. *^"*' ^^^''^^^ *'th the mortgage or eon- ^e^ance. there must be filed an affidavit of execution thereof hv >m attesting witness thereto. The words "' together with ''LtWs .1..:' .Execution of ft • ^ ''*^''*"* "' ""'^ '"^'^^''-^d to shew the ion air fro^! th' "?!•"'»•"'*' ""'l *» ^^ve the date of execu- non, apart from this ,t is not stated what the affi.lav^t should u. ■' s ii II I { 416 BILl-S OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. 1 i contain. Though it be witic of technical form, it will be suffi- cient if it gives the above particulars. Failure to mention in the affidavit of execution the year as well as the tlav of the month when the chattel mortgage was signed, is a fatal error: Cole v. Racine. 11 D.L.R. 322, 4 O.W.N. 1327. The affidavit should not only verify the signature of the witness, but state that the deponent was present and saw the mortgagor execute the mortgage, and when, and also that the deponent liimself signed as a witness : Ford v. Kettle, 9 Q.B.D. 139; Sharpe v. Birch. 8 Q.B.D. 111. A mistake in the name ot one of the mortgagors in the affi- davit as to execution will not vitiate a chattel mortgage, where such affidiivit recites that the witness saw the mortgage executed bv the parties thereto and that such executing parties are the parties named in the mortgage: Fisher v. Bradshaw, 2 O.L.R. 12S, affirmed in 4 O.L.R. 162. The proof of the due execution under this Act is required for the same purpose as that required of conveyances of land ; namely, for the purpose of registration, and, it is for the clerk to satisfy himself of the sufficiency of the affidavit upon receiv- ing an instrument to file. The intention of legislation requiring registration is, primarily, that the public should have notice, and this notice is given when the instrument, proved by suffi- cient affidavit of execution, is filed by the clerk. If the clerk should know the affidavit to be untrue in fact, he should not re- ceive the instrument, and thus passively lend himself to a fraud, Mud he ought not to receive and file an instrument under the Act without an affidavit of execution: DeForrest v. Bunnell. 15 I'.t'. q.n. 370; Grindell v. Brendon. 6 C.B.X.S. 698, 28 L.J.C.P. 333. Di lir( iij. Kxieution of a document under seal eonsist.s of three acts, \\/... -signing, sealint: and delivery." The latter completes the .■ftieaey ot tiie deed, and it is from that occurrence that the deed tiik"s el't'ect. though there be a false, or impossible, or no date; writings not under seal may be said to be executed when they are nmde and delivered : Bogley v. MeMickle, 9 Cal. 430. The witness is required to be an "attesting," «.(., "sub- scribing" witness. This differs from the Imperial Act, where \\ <, 'yJ't THE ONTARIO ACT. 417 the executm Of every bill of sale must be attested by one or Svu" ^K ""^'T'"' "°* ^"'^^ « P^'^y thereto, and the f t r882T n^ "' '\' "T •'''"'"^'°° «"'' attestatiok:" Imp Act 1882, s. 10, amending Act 1878, 41-42 Vict. c. 31, s. 10. .«.r'*^>f ''""^^''y.''" in-'^trument will pass no title io a mort- wTh r k' '^'^T' '^^ "'"rtgagor, or third parties; and with delivery but without registration, title will pais to a mort ST, "' "?»'"«*, ^''t mortgagor, but not so as ?o exclude the nghts acquired by third parties under the Act. In order to complete delivery, acceptance l,v a mortsagee or bargainee is necessary, and, therefore, if af or delivery and nr^.Trtr"''':""' f T''*"'" '"« '''^'»"'-^ "" '"^-^-t ^n the pro,.er^y mortgajred, the mortgagee cannot set up a title an tenor to the creditor by reason of the deliverv: M Her v Bline- bury, 21 Wis. 676; Welch v. Sackett, 12 wL 243. ircannot often happen that the question of acceptance bv the mort^"ee IZZr r'" .''' ?"''"° ^''' ''' "^^ --*■'- taken *;;" ffi aviM TT!^' ''^'^''''' "^ ^""« fi'''^- *-- ^here the affidavit IS made by the mortgagee '.s agent a copy of the latter 's :::z^ Zui rr 'u '''"''''' '°^ ^^'^^^^''^^ -^>^*™^- = r«f Th ! \ ^* "^ °"* necessary to a valid acceptance that the mstniment should come into the hands of the mort' J-'agee, for oftentimes the facts are such as to constitute the mortgagor himself agent of the mortgagee, .so that manual ac c-eptanee is unnecessary; for instance, an agreement beforehand ... pursuance of vvhieh the mortgagor executes and ti T ort-' gage to secure a debt to the mortgagee is a eomplianee witMhe U, but. If the act of ex..cution and filing bv the mortga-w is l«.ved for a long period after the agreement, the delav~ mav negative t. infc^nce of acceptance: .Jordan v.' Farnsi'^rtr 5 r.i. (Ma.s.s.) ;,]<. More knowledge is not a.-eeptanee The „;"""' ■;- M '"^r"" "'^' ''"-"'''y "'• in'lirectly.'ratitVing t ...ortgag,.: Cobb V. Chaso, .^4 Iowa 258. A mortgage exo;utod .1 hied m pursuance of a prior agreement so to do I he mortgagor, may bo sufJioiont in law .so far as aeeoptaneo s oo -mod, though done unknown to the mortga.ee, vet ,o mort KM.0 be upon property different to that agreed* upon lox^" ||. .on and fiing will fail from amounting to accep'ta nee Iv the '""rtgagoe: Day v. (Jriffith. M Iowa 104. -•■ — PJI T.s or SALE. ^ " ii r S i ■n in I f * : i 1 ii i ilt 418 BlUS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOES. I I& Affidavit of Execution. It iB no objection to the affidavit of ^^^^t'^^J^^Vt'STu ChriBtian name of the deponent .s not written '^ fuH, °r *t all, as the common law recognizes but one Christian name and the omission of the deponent's addition is no objection to the affi- rvrBr»« ^f";*- ^^J; lections which rest on a non-compliance in the affidavit w.tl ' crrtH'n rules of Court established to regulate the practice au.i procoedings thereon, are not sustainable, for -/fdaviU sworn undpr a statute it is not necessary to conform to the techni a ^ ties required by rules of Court: Moyer v. Davidson, 7 U.C.L.l '"^^ Should a copy be filed as permitted by the Act, in plao.' of the original, then it should also be shewn by affidavit that the copy is a true copy of such original. In the second edition of this work (p. 323) it was suggest.. that it would be better if the legislature required the affidavit to shew the true date of the execution of the mortgage. Th. Imperial Act required that the time of the mortgage being giv.n should be shewn, and this is now necessary under the pres. nt Act Where the members of a firm loaned moneys, taking Hk securities in the name of the individual partner who, m each case agreed to accept the security offered as between hims.n \ f 11 THE ONTARIO ACT. 419 and the firm, a chattel mortgage 8o made to the individual part- ner will be supported a« against creditors, although, in equity, it IS the property of the firm, and although the partner who did not appear a.s a mortgagee acted as witness and made the affi .iav.t ot execution: Hobbs v. Kitchen, 17 O.R. 36;r25 C.L J. Th,. question was raised in McLeod v. Fortune. 19 IJ.C Q B 98 and the Court there held that, when a bill of sale was made two jointly, and filed on an aifidavit of bom- fides made by one he evidence shewing that the consideration was made up of two debts due the vendees separately, that the affidavit was still sufficient. This section is not limited to the case of joTiit nior gagees who are connected in business, either of whm would be aware of all the circumstances cinnected with tl ".ortgage; but that one of two mortgagees, even if not connected in husmess, is capable of making the affidavit if he have a full knowledge of the circumstances: Severn v. Clarke. 30 UCCP ' ^iToBD t^- «^""»-' "-«hton V. Stringer. 12 Q.B.d! iJ-, 1.1 y.B.D. 392: see sec. 12 of this Act. Sometimes it happens that an omission of a statutory re- qu^ite m the affidavit is supplied by information to a more full extent found m the instrument itself. If, by reference herein made to the instrument itself the affidavi is'^mrde si eiently mtelligible, then the objection to the affidavit will not generally be permitted to prevail: Jones v. Harris, L.R. 7 (^B of S' wJlT' T!"'"t '° *°''^' ^^^^' P'-^^'°"« to the Act V u^, inferential only, namely, that "the affidavit of the Sh v,'!"*' *'"* ""' " "''''' °* "" tl^^ circumstances con nected with the mortgage. " ';-• ^"" ..r,tf'^' .\^^'' ''\ ^^^' '"'•'• ^' required that a copy of the ^s-'ont s authority should be registered, and did not permit apparently, the registration of the original authority. This wa- 'Imnged by sec. 12 of this Act to allow the registration of The' tile words, "or the authority itself." It was not until the passing of the statute 20 Vict ch 3 M?Vicrol"fif •"'''' the affidavit of bom fides, the Act 'J 14 Vict. ch. 62. imperatively requiring that, in case of a mortgage, the mortgagee him.self (anJ, in else of a ^le.X bar HI ''■«. il !;! ' I ik^ 420 BUX8 OF 8A14t AND CHATTEL MOBTOAQES. gainee himaelf) should make the affidavit. Hence a mortgage filed under that Act on the affidavit of an agent, was held bad : Holmes v. Vancamp, 10 U.C.Q.B. 510. The Act, 40 Vict. ch. 7, v.ent still further in favour of the agent, and gave to him the power to make the affldavit when acting for several mortgagees. The affidavit can now be made: — First, by the mortgagee. Second, by one of several mortgagees. Third, by an agent of the mortgagee. Fourth, by an agent of the several mortgagees. Fifth, by one of the next of kin, the executor or administra- tor of a deceased mortgagee or bargainee: see sec. 14 of this Act. It seems that, under the provisions of sec. 12 (1), namely, •liy his or their agent," that an agent of one only of several joint mortgagees can make it, but an agent with power to make such an affidavit cannot delegate to another his powers derived by him from his principal. If the agent make the affidavit, it must state, besides the re- quirements necessary under section 5, the fact that he has been duly authorized in writing, and that the copy of such authority attached to and registered with the mortgage is a true and eor rect copy of the authority to him from his principal to take sueli mortgage in the name of his principal: see sec. 12. The autli ority of the agent is not required to be under seal: Beecher v Austin, 21 I'.C.r.P. 'M'2, and it will, by operation of law, be n- voked by the death of the principal: Jacques v. Worthingtoii. 7 Gr. 1!)2; Wallace v. Cook. 5 Esp. 118, unless by statute it i- providtd otherwi.sc: 10 Edw. VII. 1910, eh. 47, sec. 2. Hut, in (Icpemlently of any provision to the effect that the authority .shall not be revoked by the death of the person executing tiu' same, everj- payment made by, and every act done under and in pursuantM- of iuiv sueli mithority shall, notwithstnndin^' su.li deatli, be valid, as respects every person party to such payment, to wlioni the fact of the .ieath was not known at the time of smli payment, and as respects all claiming under such person: I'l E(iw. VII. litlO, eh. 47, .see. :{, as amended by 1 Geo. V. llMl, eh 17. see. :)2. I'ntil the "Mortgages and Sales of Personal Property Amendment Act, 1H80," it was necessary for tiir agent to have a new authority each time he took or renewed a nrortgagc, but this statute made the neces.sary amendments to enable an agent to take and renew mortgages on a geueral ar,t!' li THE (INTAHIO ACT. 421 onty for that purpose, see 15, i„fra. It waa held formerly that when a ,rort^aRe was made to an incorporated compaTy and the affldavt hona fi.ir.s „,«de hy the secretary-treasurer although he IS a shareholder in the eompany. without thTwr^lten auth IZZ ^ ?M °"" '-"'npany on a chattel mortgaRe to the company w^ likewise held insufficient: Greene v cS-man ''? OR. 113; Freehold L. & S. Co. v. Hank of CommemW Fr i.n. 284. But It was held that the president of the institution taking such a security. do<.s not act as an agent He e^ n.s.ng the corporate powe:. in the only wav fn which tl^.v.n :.eXr' T[:U''-r fr.-'^ «"" ^^^ chief td^ot^; ;LiTrthe'!;:rtt n^^^^^^^^ - ^^^ -« ;:^s=r^£Lr^^^ president. The latter is one of the corporation, the chief nnrt ner, and m a sen^e, its organ and represent at ivJ T he ~e • s an executaye officer, not a corporator, a mere agent ^thcer t"». specified executive functions, acting un.Lr 'he authoHtv 44 U.C.Q.B 284 • o. r.. , o. v. liank of Commerce, '■ that the mortgage ,s executed. The decision in it M "». ;i i } •4 mUM or t»Al.B AND fllATTEl- M<)RT«IA(IKH. Perry v. Ruttan, 10 r.C.g.B. 6:17. wa« und.T l:M4 Vict. nt is not written in full, but the initial only given ( I)> Forrest v. Bunnell, 15 r.C.t^.B. 370) . or that the depo.i.i.t . addition is wanting: Brodie v. Ruttan, 16 II.C.Q.B. 207; All.n v. Thomson, 1 II. & X. 15, 2 Jur. (N.S.) 451, 25 L.J. Ex. LM.i It is sufficient if the affidavit identifies the deponent as beinsr tli ■ mortgagee, or the mortgagee as being the deponent: Sla.l.ln V Sergeant, 1 F. & F. 322, WiUes, J.; Nicholson v. Cooper. :{ H THE ONTARIO ACT. 423 * N. 384, 27 L.J.Kx. 3!)2; Hmlio v. Huttan, 16 TCt^.H. 207. If the Mignatiint of the eoiiimisHioner, or oIIiit piTHOii In-forf whom th.; aflliiuvit in inad*-. Ik- omittcJ, the omimion In fatal to the lUHtruint'iit. which will t'lon-by !>.■ n-ndrnMl invalid aH a^aiimt iiuli«'qut.|it ••x.H-ution cn-ditom; aiit obviously fo; the pur- pose of enabling creditors to .satisfy themselvt-s not inerelv of the existence of claims against the goods of the debtor, bu"t of the existence of a statement made under the sanction of an oath, and in compliance with the ternw of the statute. To the attainment of this end it seems indispensable that it should ap- pear that the affidavit was sworn before some officer having authority to administer the oath. It never could have been in- tended that the creditor should be left at his peril to assure him- •si'If by extrinsic evidence of the presence or absence of this re- quisite. A paper purporting to be an affidavit, but not authen- Heated as sworn, is quite consistent with the supposition that at the last moment the mortgagee had shrunk from swearing to the necessar>- statements (XisM v. Cock, 4 A.R. (Ont.) 2f)0) ; hut when, in point of fact, the affidavit is sworn before a person authorized to take the same, and he signs his name a.s so doing, his omission to add the character in which he swore the affidavit! will not invalidate the mortgage, at all events not .so if the char- Hrter in which he took the affidavit appears elsewhere in the in- strument: Hamilton v. Harrison. 46 F.C.Q H l-'7- HIailM-rg V. Parke, 10 Q.B.I). 90; Canada Permanent v. Todd. 22 A.R. I, \r 424 WUM or HAI.R ANI> CIIATTRI. MtlHTOAIIKM. (Out.) riir». Nor ii an inMtruiucnt ri-nileretl void under thii Act if tin- oftJwT Htlininiiitcrintr tin* oath chanem to tiini hw name above, in plaw of Iwlow the* jurat (Mowat v. Cli-ment, U Man. li.R. 58.')); hut it la a w'riouNoniiiwion to omit from th(> jurat the word "aworu" or "aflSnni'd," for iiui'h an oiniaaion ia aa fatal to thf inxtrunu-nt itself n* the oniiNHion alt<>K<*thi>r of the liKua- tun- of thf pi-rson adminlMi-rinK thf oath; Pollard v. HuntinK- don, 16 (Mi.J. l2; Mathers v. Lynch, 28 T.C.Q.H. 3.')4; Walker v. Nil.s. 18 (Jr. 212. Ai/rnts' AiitlKiriiij. Tli< re is nothing in the statute inconsistent with a mort(?ag<' being given to. and the affidavit of bona fides made by, a persoij to whom the debt is due for another whom he represents, or for whom he is acting, even though he have no beneficial interest if ' IW tsil TIIK iiN'TAKIII \( T. 42:) the trHiiMction wh«tiio..vPr ; White v. Hrown, 12 IJVQU 477. Hewar v. Mit,.h..|l. 11 rcgi,. 625. m^c. it «, that th. man-' Wer or tr..«.Mr..r of a eon.or.itioi. .-Hti. in n..rfain rnmn wh-rp. to him|K.If for a .l.-bt ,l,„. to th.. corporation, an.l ,r«n nmk.- the affl.lavu n-.,uir...l hy this w-rtion. Th. (H-tfr .oun... wouhl h- lor h.. ummuvr or IrraMur-r to ...k,. th.- n.«rtK«K.. .n fh.- nan..- of th.. ..orporat.on .u.-if wh.'n.v.T ,..««ihl,., in whi.h .vnt h.- wou . Miak.. th.. ..(fl.iavif m aK-nt. „n.| « .opy of his aiithority woul.l r..quir,. f„ !«. r.,fiHt..r...l. This authoritv nwiv Jm- „ tr,.,,. .■ral on., to lak- .m.l r.-n.-w niortKa«..H .in-h-r th.- Act s... s.-o i.>, pout. A ..hatt.I morfiraif.. ma.».. to an 8i?-nt or non.in... of a .r..,!!- ♦or. in wh.««. ,.harK.. th., ,l,.ht in pla.-,.,! for ..olhrtion in valid, .-ven thouKh th.. (i.lu,.i„ry n-Iation of th.. morfK,.^,.,. ,|o..., not «P|...«r_u,,on th.. fac of th.. mortKa,.. : Li,,ht v. Ilawl.-v. 29 O.U. 2a, M (M,J. 87. following I{ro,li.. v. Hutlan. 1« irim, \Vh,.n how..v..r. th,. pr..Hi.l..nt of a .orporation ,nak..« th.- ..l.l.lavi . h.. ,lo..H not a..t a.s aK,.nt : h.- a..ts ,lir..ctlv an.J in ..hi.-f .'".I not hy .i..|..^ation, an.i th.-n-for.. th.. authority to an airont m NU(.h oaH.. n....,i not h.. ^ivn : Tayhir v. Ainsli,' 19 UfCP .8; HrtHi... V. rfu.tan. U irxiH. 2(.7: Wych v. M.^nl. 'u l' \ MIS. ■ 10: •■" '■■ r^"Pto^ LR- u i *'^*"'" '^'^ °*""' n»ortgag«- w in substitution of the first, It IS sufficient, if the second is duly n>gistered, to pre- serve Its validity against execution creditors: Kamsden v Lun- ton, L.R. 9 Q.B. 17, limited in Re Stevens, L.R. 20 Eq 786 which followed Re Sparke, Ex parte Coh.n, L.R. 7 Vh 20- tli.' last two cases were distinguished in Re Jackson, Ex part<- I'lail. 4 Ch.D. 682; .see also R.. Cross. Ex parte Pavne. 11 Ch I) .-.:{!) And It does not render the second mortga-e less valid, beeause It IS intended to be effective in the event of the first bein- in- 5 W R 264*'^ ^'"°'""'' '■ ^"""'''^' ■'" ^^'•"- ^'^-'- '''' *""■**' •'''"'''*'"' 111 the eas.- of a .i.ht. thr d.-bt imist br a honn fide sul«lst- ing one; such a debt is a valuabl.. an.l .Miffici.'nt consideration tor a mortgage: Xorth v. Crowell. 10 X.II. l.jl ; Coolv v Hobart s Iowa 8.>8; I).. Wolf., v. Strad.-r. 26 III. 22.3; Maitland v Liti- /.■iis National Hank, 40 Md .->40. But a mortgaire will as against unpaid cr...iifors. be invalid, when tak.-n in -reat part for a debt not aetuaily ..xi.stinir at the time it is triven : Robinson v^ Fatersoii. IS r.C.(,).H. .-,.-,. And wh.n a debtor mortu-ages all lus personal property of every description, inekulin- the i.ft^t triflin- things, to s,.eure a sun. of n.onev whollv di.pro- I'ortione,! in amount to the value of the prop^-rtv mortgaged u ''eeomes a suspicious eircumstanee for the consideration of ^' .lury. apart from the ,,uestion of the validity of the debt whe- :lier the mortgage is made, not for the security of the creditor Kut tor the purpo8.> of protecting the debtor, and to shield his iU i ■• it :.{ ■'♦ 430 MIM-8 OF 8AI-K AND OIIATTKI. M1«T(1A0KH. ! -•- -* t I property from other ereditont; FleiniiiK v. McNauRhlen, 16 U.dQ.H. 194; Twynne's Ciwe. H Toko 81 (6) ; Hontoii v. Thorn- hill. 7 Taunt. 149, 2 Mar«h. 427. \Vhen> the objee* of n ehnttel niort»r«g« >"«'1<' '»y «"' '""<*'■ v.-nt debtor is to wiv u v all his assets from thfl reach of the other creditors in order to enable a surety to pay a d«'bt of the insolvent, which the surety had Ruarant.HMl, a chattel inortKaRc is invalid as against creditors under the AssiRnmenta and Pre- fen-nces Act, 10 Kdw. Vll. (Ont.) eh. (!4, as having been made for an unlawful purpose: ptr IdiuRton, .1., in Stecher liitho- Rraphie Co. v. Ontario Sml Co., 7 D.L.U. 148, 46 Can. S.C.H. 540. Knowledge, or opportunity for knowing, that when a chattel mortgage is given the mortgagor is insolvent, is sufficient to condemn the instrument as having been given with the intent that the mortgagee should have an unjust preference : Spotton v HiUard. 47 C.L.J. 23:{. affirmed 18 O.W.R. 510; Cole v. Racine. 11 O.L.H. 322. 24 O.W.R. 622. It is not absolutely necessary that the money sliould all be advanced from the mortgagee to the mortgagor at the time of the execution of the mortgage, or the making of the affidavit of bona fides, and where the consideration money was not actually paid over until five days after the filing, the mortga!,'e was uplield: Martin v. Sampson. 24 A.K. (Ont.) 1, reversing 27 O.R. 545. It is sufficient if the consideration is owing at the date of the mortgage : Beecher v. Austin, 21 U.C.C.P. 339. This word "consideration" has a legal significance, and means not necessarily the amount which the bill of sale is intended to stH'ure, but the sum advanced, or which the mortgagor receiv*^ for giving the mortgage: Ex parte Challinor, 16 Ch.D. 2tj0: Credit Co. v. Pott, 6 Q.R.D. 295; and it has been held that a mortgage given to a mortgagee to secure a debt that is barred by the Statute of Limitations is still a valid security as against creditors: Murillo v. Swift, 18 Conn. 268. Where a chattel mort gage is given by the mortgagor to the mortgagee to secure an existing debt which the mortgagor has the option of repaying', according to the proviso for redemption, either in money or some other commodity, the affidavit, under this section, of tho indebtedness of the mortgagor to the mortgagee in the sun. mentioned, is sufTieient ; and notwithstanding the fact that tii THK ONTAKK* ACT. 4.'n d.-f..us«nc<- clauw. in the rnortKHJC provi.lcH for th.- r«.paymcnt of th.. iMorlwjf,, in th.. mm a.lvanml, or in Nome other com- mocJity. and rrf.-n* to anotJi.-r aKr.-«-»M.-nt between the parties as HhewuiK the manner in which Nueh other commodity in to be de- livered, the affidavit must be made under this section, and the mortynK*. (-an U- upheld axainat the objection that the affidavit and mortKHtfe ,1,, not correctly Mb.w the real trauHaction !«.. tween the partiex: Ueecher v. AuHtin, 21 C.C.CI' Xi'h (Jiarke v^Hat.«, 21 IJ.(;.(;.l». ;J48; Ualdwin v. Kenjamin, Ui IJ.C.Q.B. When the mortgajfo tranMaction ia one in which a loan ia mad« by and wn-ured to the mortgaKee by the mortj^affor, the mortgage ih prof.erly taken, and the affidavit properly made for the full amount, when, the amount of the loan ia made up in part of a note made and piven by the mortgaRee to the mort- gagor at the time of the execution of the mortgage, and not paid for some months afterwards: Walker v. Niles 18 Gr 210 The men- fact that as to part of the consideration the mortgagee has not made an actual advance, but is merely liable on pro- inwsory notes, does not invalidate the mortgage, this Act not requiring, as does th.; corresponding English Act, that the con- sideration should be truly expressed: Tidey v. Craib 4 OR 696 at 703; and it appears that the affidavit of bona 'fides has sti 1 to be taken under section 5. when part of the consideration IS to secure payment of notes already given by a mortgagor to a mortgagee, and at the time under discount: Fish v Higgins 2 Man. L.R. 65; Hepburn v. Park, 6 OR. 472. And whe^ the consideration of the mortgage was covered by a draft drawn by the mortgagee, a merchant, in the course of hi« business, on the mortgagor, his customer, and discounted at a bank, the mere uct of the draft being d-scounted does not lead to the assump- •^on that the debt repn-,ented by such draft is paid, and that ^he remedy on the draft alone is to be looked to: Hepburn v lark, 6 O.R. 472; Hyman v. Cuthbertson, 10 O.R. 443. The provision of the Act, requiring the consideration of a :riOrtgage to be expressed therein, is satbfied when the instru- .--nt states that the indorsement of a note is the consideration ^:-J then proceeds to set out the note in full, it only being ..■^>*.sary to state the facts and not their legal effect: Robinson • Mann. 31 Can. S.C.R. 484. I 'M •f ! > i\ ft \ 1 ! 432 BnXS OF SAIiE AND CHATTEL UORTOAOES. "Where part of the consideration money was paid to the mortgagor by cheque of the mortgagees under an arrangement by which the mortgagor was to hold the cheque and draw upon the mortgagees from time to time until the whole amount had been paid, it was held that the mortgage was one to secure a present actual advance and was valid: Ross v. Dunn, 16 A.R. (Ont.) 552, 25 C L.J. 601. And where a mortgage was given to one of three creditors to secure the whole amount of debts due each with the inten- tion that he should act as trustee for the other two, but no tru.st appeared on the mortgage, and the aflSdavit of bona fides asserted that the whole sum was due to the mortgagee, the omis- sion of the trust was held to be an informality only: Bank of Hamilton v. Tamblyn, 16 O.K. 247, 24 C.L.J. 343 ; Light v. Haw- 'ey, 29 O.R. 25, 34 C.L.J. 87. The fact that a part of the consideration for a mortgage is illegal will not invalidate the whole instrument, and it may be supported as to the remainder: Campbell v. Patterson, 21 Can. S.C.R. 645, 29 C.L.J. 196; Commercial Bank v. Wilson, 3 E. & A. (Ont.) 257, overruled. In an action against a bank for conversion of <;oods eoveri'd by a chattel mortgage to the plaintiffs, an incorporated com- pany, it appeared that tlie affidavit of bona fidrs was made by the president of the plaintitla. and stated that the mortgagor was justly anil truly indebted to the mortgafroe in the sum of $5,00(1, instcaii of $5,066.74, which was the amount stated in the mort- gage. The mortga 120. My sec. 13, K.S.H.C. 1011, eh. 20, it is made neees.sary in the ea.se of a bill of sale given as seeurity for a debt tlmt the .sani.' THE ONTARIO ACT. 433 Shall l,e accompHnk-d hy an Hffidavit of bond fides 'that th.. tioned ,t WHS held, that an undertakinK to advance a cel.n sum of money by the mortgagee to pa/ off a cred tor ^f ^ .nort^agor an. to enable him to pay off certain pro, ^ryLte ault 1 r n.f '"? '""""■'''' ^y **•«♦ «*•«*'«"= Winter v. itaiilt (H.( . ifd.}), to be reported in 13 D.L.R. Security of BiUs or Notes. The ,„„„„,r in which the bill is taken bv the morteaireP ami the terms upon which it is discounted, may differ nfatfri' a, y .n each ca«.^ and i. a fact for determination b aTry Orant s Law of Bankinik'. 4th ed 145 ^ ^ ' in- a^'J^f't'd"™ iJ^r^'^J^^'-" oi the mortgage is covered n> a uratt c1ra« i b> the mortgagee, a merchant, in the course of busuKss, on the mortgagor, his customer, and discounted hank he mere fact of the draft having b;en discounted do^s • ot justify the assumption that the debt represented bv t^ draft was paid: Hepburn v. Park, 6 O.R. 4-/"''""''^ "^ *''« When a jnortgage is taken to secure payment of a note made H the mortjraffor. it is immaterial that a variance existrbe tween the note itself and its .Imription in the 1^' so S aLth' ""'" '",' "°'*««*^ ^"" ^'^ --«"''bly connected 'o„: v' Stone Vv H 280 V 'T'"''";' '• ^^'"■''' '' •^'■"- ^^^^ ^^-^b „o rr.K ^"^^ ""''• '^ " «•«» l^' shewn bv such evid- •nce that the note, signed by two or more persons, but descrTbed n the mor gage aa signed only by the mortgagor i« reaUv the "oe intended to be secured, the variation ]n description wH MO i>e material: Robertson v. Stark. 15 N.H. 109 or that The rer %aries from the note m not statin- when the interest s payable : Windrell v. Coney. 34 Alb. L.J. 210. But a toS 2S — BILLS OF SALE, :r m ' 111 M ! ! 1: . 434 BIIX8 or SALE AND CHATTEl. MOBTOAilKS. tmi: n' U aaid to ho identiflwl by tho inortgaKc: Jewctt v. Preston, 27 Mf. 400. If, however, siich notes be renewals of the notes orig- inally secimnl by the mortgage, and the latter notes can be pro- perly connected with the mortgage, the variance may not in- validate the mortgage, and parol evidence on thej)oint of re- newal w admissi'.ile : Barrows v. Turner, 50 Me. 127. Statrmnit of Indrbtcdness. It is not uocessarj' that the affidavit .should state either the debt to be wholly due, or wholly accruing due, or partly one, and piirtly the other, according.' to the circumstances of the caw, but it is sufficient when it states that the mortgage wa.s executed for the purpose of securing the payment of the money so justiv •'due or awruing due." being in accordance with the terms of th.' Act: Squair v. Fortune, 18 U.C.Q.B. 547. But wliere the inortgatn>e under a mortgatJi' for an existing indebteil- ness mnile the affitlavit of bonn fidfg under section 6 in the form required as to future advances, it wa.s held that the affidavit was defective, and that the mortgage could not he looked at to aid the affidavit in respect of the omission to swear to a just and true indebtedness: Midland v. Cowiewon, 20 O.R. 583. When the money is really due according to the niortgasir, it may l)e so statwl in the affidavit, without adding the words "aceming due."' The omission of the words "accruing due " in such ease is not a fatal objection to the mortgage, even thoUL'h the proviso in the mortgage .states the debt as becoming due :m.i piiyable at a future day. If the evidence shews the mortgage t.> have been given to secure an overdue debt, the mortgage will 1" regarded as given to secure a present debt, to be paid at a fuluiv day: Farlingtr v. McDonald, 45 T.C.Q.B. 2:JH. A moitj.';iL'. may be given as collateral security for a debt of the mortgiiiT'i'. already secured by mortgage, and it will be sufficient to take th.' mortgage under the fifth section of the Act de^scribing the .!• '■; as an alwohite debt, namely, "for the purpose of securiiisr t!i payment of money .justly due." and so swearing to it in the ain davit of bona fides. The words "estate and etTPects" are more comprehensive tliin the words "goods and chattels," the former including, lusii- ne latter, realty debts and clioses in action; therefore, where :i ; affidavit of bona fides to a mortgnge stated that it was bomi /' .' etc., etc., and not for the purpo.se of holding, etc., "the < -t i- THE ONTARIO ACT. 4;,- nH^uf'^K """'1:^.'"^'^ therein." instead of "the «.o<1h h,..1 (Xmuxions in Formn. The oiniwion in the affidavit to Htatc t)ii.» »i. . . not ma^ie for the purpo.- of pro ^^ ,:^h^Kol "tS; T omisMion of the letter '•«•• U. . • '"""K" ttie mortgagors from obtaining pavnient of their .1; '■liim" :n..«»„j » . ' "•'""^'" or meir clai iis atrainst ^_tiHn instead of against them : Bertram v. I'endry, 27 l^C C p -Vor will it be fatal to the mortgage should the affi.l-.vlf i sides containing the word ''him/' instead .f* 'til?' f.rfV^ u.e the word '-mortgagor.- inste'ad of the word 'm'rtga;" tl L !"° ^'""''"^ '"' '^"^ '^•«"«1 "mortgagors ••anTttn . ffidavt mentions the "creditors of the Jd^o tgLor 'N " ^^"uld seem right to hold that under the singular "mSLr'- eadi mortgagor is included, and that "anv ^hl- ZJ ^^ J>. .id mortgagor," includes all .lliJZ^:.;;!^': ::;^ mortgagors, then when " mortgagor "' is snokpn nf ;♦ . sar.lv means both the persons calfed'or drscrZ rpreviourTs n,,rt«^.ors : Farlin...r v. McDonald. 47, V.CxJi •>« Tvts \ MacMaster, 8 r.C.C.P. 446. • A fatal error in the affidavit, often met uith ; . .. . -at that the mortgage was not' e.^^ut d f the" ;;oi"':f n-"t ot any claim against _. without saying .against whoi I I I * :» li '•T I 4.16 llll.l^ or HAIJ! AND OHATTEI. MflHTllAdKX. miMirity im it onlv w v. Rorke, :«» r.C.y.H. ')<»<); N^^bit v. Cwk, 4 A.K. (Ont.) 20(>. The omiaaion do«>8 not, of eoume. impair th« Wtween the immediate parties to the inatrument Htroya the mvurity aa against an exeiution eredttor. or ils airoiiwt a aulim'«|uent pureluwwr or inortjfaKee: Davia v. Wiekson. 1 OR. -.m. Sail hji Murlijiuji > . A mortftHgee untler a ehattel iiiortgaRe in the event of >li - fault, i« entitled to take all the property eovere8 so he is aeeountable not niil> for what he aetnally reeeives, but for what he might have oN tained for the gomli*. ha»l he aeted with a proper regard for tli. interest of the mortgagor. I'nder certain eireuiiwtanees it iiiav Ih- reasonably prudent to well the mortgage«l artii'les by piiviii. sale. Where a sale is not sufficiently a.lvertiwd it in,i.\ _!>• vrrounds for allowing damages: Neal v. liogew, li) O.W.R. >T:!. 2 OWN. 14><2. aftirming 19 O.W.K. i:{2. 2 O.W.N. HOT; Wanl v. Dick.reoii. 2 1) L.R. !•(»:?, \ O.W.N. 11."};$: British Coliiiiilii Land To. v. Ishitaka, 4:) Can. S.C.R. -Wl; Rennie v. Bin, k. i'' ("an. S.C.R. :fr JuHtiee iWk, the trial .fiulg,.. „„v.. ,|„,„aK..H resulting fro,n har.1 . rivinK m m.,u aft-r U-uiu ,lipp...|. The Suprei,.. ( ourt of AlfH-rfa. on appeal, net aai.l.. thin ainounf aa la.-kinif any baKiH or rnetho.1 fro,n whieh it ..oi.M |„. ,|, ,|,„.,.,| ,„„ ^^^ ferr.-.rdships ar- of th- opini.,„ T'.at the a.v';e8sment of damajr-s hy th- l-arn-l Judg- at th- trial ^.'ould stand.- After referring to fh- fa-t that .s/,rn- -vid-n- -sisted for Justice Beck's conelusi-n as to damag-s. and ttiat .- havinirs^n the witnesses wh-n t-stifving -la.v.iriif tha- t;i..f ^ ^s a matter of grave importanc-" on th- .|U-stion of dat>iMSf-s - ;--rd Moulton concluded hy saying: -Th-ir Lord.hifK. -annof T •■*.^--"!'^^« to justify them in eon.ing r h- oon-lusion that .Mr •' ;'ti-- s Beck s agsfs-imfnt of the damae-s «a.s -mn-ius. "" A mortgagee, selling under a pow-r of sal- in ., morttrair-. is I 1 ■ i' ti i; « I • ! 431 IIIUJ) nr RAI.r and CIIATTRI. MORTnAOKI*. not, utrirtl.v *[>«-Hkinir, « triwt<><> for the inortftiigor, and hf> may. in Routl faith, wll to hia own aolicitor who haa aoteil for him in the mortgaffe, though not in the Hah>. Such a aale may Im> void- able, thouirh not voiii, and while it may he impeached hy the aell- inir mortiraipt* under aome circumataneea, it cannot hy tae mort- gagor, who never atood in the relation of client to the aolicitor, and more ap»«ciHlly where the mortgagor atanda hy for vearM, having full knowledge of the facta, without taking any atepa to impeach the aale : Nutt v. Kaaton, fi« fi.-I. Ch. :Wi7, nfflrnuHl 6!) li.J. Ch. 4«; |1!K)(»1 1 rh. 2!>. A mortgagee of chatteln, who takea poaatwtaion of theui under B power of aale in the mortftBgc and no aale in fact tak«>M place and he appropriatea the aame to hia own iim>, cannot thereafter enforce paynuMit of the mortgage delit, unleaa he reatorea the ehattela to the mortgagor in their original condition: McDmiald v. Grundy, 8 O.L.R. 113. An offer to redeem made prior to a aide under a chattel mort- gage may be the baaia of impeaching the aide, where the mort gagor or owner ahewa the amount aecunnl waa in fact tendered, or that the mortgagee knew or had bomi fide infonnation ttint Buch mortgagor or owner waa able, ready and willing to redeem, but atill refuaed payment: The Rritiah Columbia Land and In- vcatment Agency v. Ishitaka, 45 Can. S.C.R. Mr*, reversing the Court of Appeal of Britiah Columbia and re8t>ring th.* jutik' ment of the trial Court. Fitzpatrick, C.J., and Idington, .1 . diaaenting. Rate of Interest. The Caimdn Intereat Aet ( R.S.f. 1!»06, ch. 120) regulates the rate of interest ta Iw charged on chattel mortgages. It hiis beiii held that that Act licing passed on grounds of public poliey for the benefit of Iwrrowers, its application could not be waived liy the parties to the transaction. Hence, where a chattel inortpiiin- proviil^ for the payment of $125, the principal sum, in «>m secutix monthly instalments of $5 each, and for $5 more with each instalment as interest, without stating the yearly ratf t'> which it waa etpuvalent; but containing a clause waiving in tx plicit terms the necessity for such statement, that the niortgapo was entitled to interest only at the legal rate: Dunn v. .Malouo. *'■ O.L.R. 484; see also the Interest Act treated in this book. THE (INTARIO ACT. 439 ]rortt«e« to Itowt Fvtwt AdTMeM or ladommoato. •• (1; A mortRMge of itomIii anil chattelii made (ii) To wciir.. fl lortKHgi-f for «dvanci'ii iiia.le in piir- nmiuv of Hii a«r.M.m..iit in writing to makv fu .re a(lv.in..-M for Hh- piirpon.. of fnahlintr th.- Imrrowi-r to ••nt.r into or to purry on huaint-MN with nm-h advanc-M, th.- tiiiK- of rrpnynu-nt tli.T...,r not JM-inu longt-r than on., y.-iir from the making «f th.- agrninent ; or (/<) To H4.«Mir.' the inortgaget. affainat tho i'u.lorH«in.-nt of «ny hill of exchaiiKe or promiaaory note o other lit- hility hy him incurred for the moptg8«»-r, aiieh liii- hility not extending for a longer time than one year from the date of the mortgage, "my he regiatered in the manner prea.TilM.(l l,y ihia Act if ac- companied liy (t ) The affidavit of an attesting witnesH to the execution thereof, and, (d) The affle creat.d, as the cww may be, and not for the purp.«se of securing the goods and chattels mentioned therein against the creditors of the mortgagor nor to prevent such creditors from recovering any claims which th.-y may have against the mortgagor. R.S.O. 1807, e. 148 ss. 7 and H. Snnrity for Futiin Advancis. A mortgage that is given to secure an exist ,g debt onlv will come under the opt>ration of the fifth section of the Act,' •« ! i 440 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. i I'i i .'. but by this section it is intended to afford a mortgagor an op- portunity of securing, by way of mortgage, advances to be made at a future time, and to be made upon an agreement in writing to assist him in business: Patterson, J.A., Barber v. MacPherson, 13 A.R. (Ont.) 356. Money to be advanced was always a good consideration for a chattel mortgage, and when the security was upon all a deb- tor's personal effects it would be sustaineti when the advances were bond fide asked for, and made with the view to carrying on the debtor's business: Bittlestone v. Cooke, 6 El. & Bl. 296; Mercer v. Peterson, L.R. 2 Ex. 304, L.R. 3 K.x. 104; Lomax v. Buxton, L.R. 6 C.P. 107; Hutton v. Cruttwell, 1 E. & B. 15. When the agreement can be looked upon as one really for a present advance, though the amount is to be paid out as the mortgagor requires it, then the mortgage may not be within the operation of this section, so as to require the agreement to be fully set out: po- Osier, J. A., Parkes v. St. George, 10 A.R. (Ont.) 4% at 538. It is to be oltserved that the statute speaks of the advances being for the purpose of enabling the mortgagor to enter into and carry on business. A mortgage is none the less within the Act lH»cause it omits the words "to enter into" in the recital, and contains only the words "carry on biwiness:" McLean v. Pinkerton, 7 A.R. (Ont.) 490; Goulding v. Deeming. 15 O.K. 201 at 207. The purpose of the future advances must be to enable tlif borrower to carry on business, and nothing can be more fair than a consideration of that kind, or of the assistance by en- dorsement, or other liability incurred by one person for another: Risk V. Sleenian. 21 Or. 25( . But, l)eeause under this seetioii one is capable of jrivini; or taking a valid mortgage when ni) debt aetuaily exists at the time the security is given, it becoini's the more neees.sary tliat instruments of such a nature should ln' watched with the most Jealous care, and safeguards be providi'd, the ol)s«'rvanee of which will be neces8ar>' to their validity. A complianee witli these statutory safeguards can never interfiT ■ with an lionest transaction, while it gives to the public thai protection which it is the policy of the law to secure again.st fraudulent and eovinojis tran.saetions. It is of the first ueeessity to secure gooil faith, and prevent error and imposition in deal- THE ONTARIO ACT. 441 ing, and the statute therefore makes it requisite that the mort- gafre should state the true consideration, and should set forth truly, the ajfreement," besides requiring affidavits of good nl^Vu^.r'^x.''^ P"*'^* interested: Arnold v. RoJ)ert8on, 8 . .i ** paHicular form of words is necessary to create the agreement in writing, so long as it embraces all the requisites and formalities of the Act. Being a conveyance upon condition, It IS properly made by deed, but .there is no necessity for Its Jwing made under .seal: Flor>- v. Denny, 7 Ex 381 21 L.J. Ex. 223; Patterson v. Maughan, .W V.C.q.H. ;{71 • Reeves v^Capper, o Hing. \.C. 1H6; Ilalpenny v. Pennoch, 33 F.C Q B 220 ; Gerry v. White, 47 Me. 504. ' Should a mortgage h- given for two purposes, partly to secure future advances uiuler thi.s section, and partly for an ad- VHiH-e of money under section five, it the Act i.s otherwise cui- pile, with the mortgage will not be inyaHroo i i f • I I 442 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL HORTOAOES. IHi M- " 1 ' ■ W^ ^K WHBIf ^1 1 ^^^^Et ^^^^^^^K-^^l I- and 80 it is that notwithstamling the strong reasons of McLean, C.J., advances of gooils are now held to be within the tenns of this section : Goulding v. Deeming, 15 O.K. 201 at 207 ; Brook* V. Lester, 36 Md. 65; Carpenter v. Blote, 1 K. I). Smith 4{)1. It will he observed that the wortis of the section are: "In case of an agreement in writing to make future advances," therefore a mortgage will l)e invalid, as against creditors, if it is taken in great part for « debt not yet actually existing, or for advances which the mortgagee has not agreed in writing to make, but has merely talked of making, and has not made any when the mortgage was executed : Robinson v. I'aterson, 18 r.C.Q.IJ. 55. The purpose in view in making the advances, in order to make the instrument valid as against creditors, must be to enable the borrower to enter into and carry ,i business with such advances: Risk v. Sleenuui, 21 Gr. 250. li the fresli advances are made by the lender, with the intention of enabling the borrower to continue his business, and if there l)e reasonable grounds for believing that the advance would enable the bor- rower to do so, the transaction will be unimpeachable : Ex parte Johnson, 2(1 C'h.I). 338. And advances may be agreed to Ik' made to a person already in business, and a mortgage given to secure the same will still be within the Ac* . McLean v. Pinker- ton, 7 A.R. (Ont.) 490. Time for li'ipaymrnt. The time for the repayment of the advances made must not be for « longer period that one year from the making of tlic agreement, and this nuist be fully shewn by recital or otherwisi" upon the face of the mortgage itself: O'Donohoe v. Wilson. 4.' I'.C.Q.B. 329; Rough v. Price, 27 l^C.C.P. 309; Ontario B:ink V. Wilcox. 43 r.r.Q.B. 460: May v. Security L. & S. Co.. 4" r.C.Q.B. 106: Barber v. MacPherson, 13 A.R. fOnt.) 306. .\i; asrreement to repay the advances "on demand," will not U- n agreement to repay within one year. The demand might not 1 made until after the year exj)ired, and unless the time for r payment be stipulated to be within the year, the mortjras' i-; void: Iletlierington v. Groome. 13 Q.B.I). 789; Sibley v. HIl'.- 15 Q.B.I). H19: Melville v. Stringer. 13 Q.B.D. 392. But wlu : • an agreement is entered into for advances to be made in sums and at tiiiiKs specified, and a mortgage is taken to secure fti- :r repayment, a departure from the agreement, in the timos iin i THE ONTARIO ACT. 443 manner Of «uch H' V a ''ank on a demand L^Jr i «' drt.onal security may be taken by way of a chattel mortgage m a violation of the Bank Act, sec- 76 sub "^;,^' '^- ^' ^•"'^■^* ^■'"«- ""'' -"-h «"e''ntv cannot be upheld .jnder ^.. 80 of the said Act, as one given for addit o„al 2ur .ty for a debt ,n the ordinary- couree of business.- Bates v. l^rk- wSo^Sof • '''' '' ^^'•^•«- ««^' ^^^^' ' '^^^ «^'«- Written Agreement. If the registered instrument refer to another instrument and provdes that the mortgagor will perform the covenantHn i could trb*^""'"-'"' '" '""^ '«"*"•• ''"' ••''^'^»--' in^trlen could not be sa.u to contain the tenns, nature and effect of the agreement: Lee v. Barnes, 17 Q.B.D. 77. Affidavit of Bona Fi<' .J.\ '.^J""^'^*^ ^y^^^- '-'- that the affidavit may be made by an agent ,f he ,s aware of all the circumstances connected with the mortgage and ,f made by such an agent or officer of a corpor ^on It shall state that the deponent is aware of ail the circSm- ances connoted with the mortgage, and has personal know- ledge of the facts deposed to. The affidavit must state : — int. iiJ'"'* ^Ju '"°'^':««'' *™'>' *'ts forth the agreen.ent entered into between the parties thereto. » <"i<-rea of thi\?" the mortgage truly states the extent and amount of the advances intended to be made, or liability intended Jo ui) That such mortgage was executed in goml faith and IV) That the mortgage was not executed for the purnose secunng the goods and chattels mentioned therein 'I' S e creditors of the mortiragor. nor to p^nent such ored "Js "ortgrgr"""" ''"•^' ''-'''' ""•''^'' *^^>- ->• "«- ^--t sireh '•• \ i :\ i\ ' 1 i 1^ .) ' I . 444 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL M0BT0A0E8. UnleM a mortgage is filed with an affidavit embracing all these requisites, it will be absolutely null and void as against creditors and subsequent purchasers and mortgagees. Security for Indorsements of Notes. It is not customary in practice to insert recitals where the security is given for a pre-existing debt; but it is absolutely necessary to the validity of instruments executed under this eection that they should set out fully, by recital or otherwise, the terms, nature and effect of the agreement between the parties, r.nd the amount of liability intended to be created. Re- citals are inserted to shew what the consideration is, and upon the genuineness of the consideration depends the validity of the instrument. It does not follow that any variance, however slight, between the real consideration and the recital of it in the body of the instrument, will nec-->arily invalidate a mortgage. Clerical inaccuracies in the recitiu ..ill not prejudice the mort- gage, so long as the debt or full consideration be fully identi- fied • Wadsworth v. Townlev, 10 U.C.Q.B. 579 ; Rutledge v. Mc- Lean, 12 U.C.Q.B. 205; Roe v. McNeil, 14 U.C.C.P. 424; Thomp- son V. Bennett, 22 r.C.C.P. 393. The provisions of the Act requiring the consideration of a mortgage to be expressed therein is satisfied when the mortgage recites that the indorsement of a note is the consideration and then sets out the note. Only the facts need Ix' stated, not their legal effect: Rohin-son v. Mnnn, 31 Can. S.C.R. 484, affirming in result 2 O.L.R. «3. The object which the statute has in view in inserting recitals, is that third parties desirous of dealing with a mortgagor may. by an inspection of the mortgage, acquire a full and truthful knowlwlge of the transaction to wliieh the mortgage relat.s It is sufficient if a mortgage states correctly the facts from which to identify with reasonable certainty the notes or other instru- ments which it is intended to secure, and if, to an adequat.' description, the recital contains that which is inapt and errou eous, the latter will not thereby invalidate the former: Thros.sill V. Marsh, 53 L.T. 321. But the true chara'-'er of the debt or consideration must l)e set out. If the mortgage is given in consideration of a contingent liability assumed by the mort gagee, it will not suffice to state the consideration as being a debt: Beiknap v. Wendell. 31 N.H. 92. m e secured, for they are not in fact new liabilWies. There is nothing said in the statute con- cerning an agreement to indorse, or to assume in the future any liability for the mortgagor: per Patterson, J.A., Barber v Mac- Pherson, 13 A.R. (Ont.) at pp. 358-9. Security given for Person not the Mortgagor. The indorsements and liabilities here mentioned must he made or incurred for the mortgagor, in order to bring the in- strument within this section, and when the liability was in- curred for one person, and security by way of mortgage, given by some one else, the mortgage was held to be not aflFeoted by the Act: Baldwin v. Benjamin, 16 F.C.Q.B. 52; Valentine v. Smith, 9 U.C.C.P. 59; Mathers v. Lvneh. 28 UCQB 354- Walker v. Niles, 18 Gr. 210; Clarke v. Bates, 21 I'.C.C.P 348* Where a security is good independently of the statute it will not be held void, unless the statute cleariy apply to it and make it void: per Harrison. C.J., Paterson v. Maughan. 39 CCOB 371 at 379. Limit of Time. The statute imperatively requires that the liabilitv, incurred by indom'ment or otherwise, shall Ih" limited in duration to a period of one year from the date of the mortgage, and the instru- ment must shew on its face that the notes indorsed, or anv re- newal- thereof, will fall due within the year, otherwise the ,nort- gHge will Ik. invalid as against creditors or purchasers: Ontario Bank V. Wilcox, 43 U.C.Q.B. 4f.O; Kough v Price 07 U C C P 309- May v. Security L. & S. Co.. 45 F.C.Q.B. 106; Barber' v.' Macpherson. 13 A.R. (Ont.) 356; and so strict is the law in this regard that the days of grace on a promissorv note are counted, and if they extend the liability over the vear ihe mort- i fc 'I •'» 'i t 446 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL HORTOAOE8. I 1 ;>W ga|?e is bad : Elliott v. Glailstone, 4 C.L.T. 405. Hence, where, in a chattel mortgage to secure the plaiidtiff, the mortgagee, against certain notes on which he was an indorser, the notes were set out, and were all payable within the year; but, in the recital thf mortgage was stated to be executed not only as security against these notes, but also against any note or notes thereafter to be indorsed by the plaintiff for the mortgagor's accommoda- tion, by way of i-enewal of the said recited ndte, or otherwise howsoever, pad the proviso was for the payment of the said notes and all and every other note or notes which might there- after be indorsed by the mortgagee for the plaintiff by way of renewal of the afon'said note or otherwise, and the covenant was to pay the said note and all future and other promissory notes which the said mortgagee should thereafter indorse for the accommodation of the mortgagor, it was held that the mort- gage was, on its face, invalid in not shewing that the liability of the mortgagor was limited in duration to one year: Kough v. Price, 27 U.C.C.P. 309; Ontario Bank v. Wilcox. 43 U.C.Q.B. 460 ; May v. Security L. & S. Co., 45 I'.C.Q.B. 106 ; Barber v. Macpherson, 13 A.R. (Out.) 356. But where the agreement, as recited in the mortgage, is that the endorsement was made upon the agreement that the mort- gage should be given as security against that endorsement, and that it should extend to any renewal thereof that should not extend the liability of the mortgagee beyond one year from the date of the mortgage, and the affidavit, in all other respects strictly in accordance with the statute, has the addi- tional words, "or any future note or notes which he the mort- gajree may indorse for the accoinmo' eovran , not dorsements of those notes which would fall du'e w thin th e r Ir Tont"; T *V?'"""^ ''"'•'°"' '^-^•' Driseoll v. G ee„ g ^ef;itr^rsrw:^rr^r;;-rt^ =s:?::;:tbit^rt:tt-r-^ t,on as to the .me of their maturity r^; r s^e H ^^S Matut.. A mortgage c.nnot he renewed under section 21 so as to keep alive the s<-curity in favour of indorsements on T "-val notes which do not mature within a v arJZ Vhe d'tt ot the mortgage: Turner v. Mills, 11 T.C.C.'p .%6 Mortgage Entered into in Good Faith. The good faith to be considered w thaf «f tu -'.cm the consideration move ;l"w„''oVV C ' H„T °™ JVnney. , K. & J. 90; Thompson ^- wl^J; 4'^^' 'J^."" " •t. ij: 448 BILLS or SALE AND CHATTEL M0BT0A0E8. Setting Forth the Agrermtiit. The iiiortifHge must 8t»t forth fully l)y recital or otherwiae the teniw, naturt' and etTect of thi' agrt'einent, and the amount of the liahility intended to \w ert«ted; and further the mort- gagee's affidavit must state that the mortgage tnily states the extent of the liability intended to Im- created by the agreement, and covered bv such mortgage: HarU-r v. MacPherson, IH A.R. (Ont.) 3.-)6; I'arker v. Morrison, 46 N.II 280; Ex parte Web- ster, 22 Ch.I). V.iii. It has been held that the fact that as to part of considera- tion for the mortjrage the mortnagee had rot made an actual advance, but merely liable on promissory notes, will not, per se, invalidate the mortgage under R.S.O. 1877, ch. 11!), since that Act, unlike the Imperial Act, did not require the consideration to be truly expressed: Tidey v. Craib, 4 O.K. 696; Parkes v. St. George, 10 A.R. (Ont.) 496; Wood v. Scott, 55 Iowa 114. But the meaning of the reference to the consideration in cases under this section is that it must truly set forth the amount of the liabilitv, similar to the provisions of the Imperial stat- ute- Hamilton v. Chaine, 7 Q.B.D. 1, 319: see Parker v. Morn- son, 46 X.ll. 280; Sumner v. Dalton, 58 N.H. 295; Belknap v. Wendall. 2\ N.II. 92. Stating Extent e>f Liability. Where there is a collateral agreement to the mortgage which dws not appear as part of the consideration, as, for instance, a verbal agreement by the mortgagee not to register or not to renew his mortgage if the mortgagor pays a higher rate of in- terest, which the latter agrees to do, then such collateral agre*"- ment is not part of the consideration, end the consideration can- not he said to be untruly «'t forth l)eca»ise reference thereto is omitted: Ex parte Popplewell, 21 ("h.D. 7.i. But if the instru- ment recite another and former conveyance, ind provides that the mortgagor will 'perform the covenants and stipulations contained in the .said recited indenture," it is apparent that the instrument does not contain the terms, nature and effect of the agreement between the parties, and must therefore In" invalid, though a collateral agreement between mortgagor and mort- gagee as to the application tf the consideration money need not be set forth: E.\ parte National Bank, 15 Ch.D. 42; Lee v. Barnes, 17 Q.B.U. 77. THE ONTAKKl ACT. 44!) ...f :;?2';^3:^--:r^;^s-v;--- will deceive or mislead narfi.l ir u '""tfUHRe used '» OH -.47. ^"" ,•' Parne-s: Ilewltine v. .Si„„„ons. |18!I21 or!fwoid'co..?''s';;i:^'rM'- ",^7"- ^^"= ''""^•-- - 1 1 : I I P u /\ ti.1 . V"'' ""'■ -n:!, ( r^dw. Vll. eh ■' see i ^<;r« V; ' ""' """""* °^' ^''^' '■'«»'"•*>'" ^^ the amdavitTf In the ease of Koge.-s v. Carroll. .10 O.R. ;J28 .T, (- 1 T or, r.!.'^ r":,'!; -r' °"'" "*'"■ ^"'"S •« '* -' BILLS OF SfLE, ilr '•i ! { 45U BIUJ) or HAUt AND CIIATTKL MORTflVOE-H. bility for the mortipiKor. " It wm h«'lil, ilintiiiKUwhing Bold- riokv. Ryan, 17 A.R. (Out.) 2r»:«. that the inortKage wa« not voiil by ri'Hiion of thew variations from thf utatutory form. Aiithorily of Agents. When- the affidavit of hona fide* is math" by an auent tii»* latter niUHt Ik- aware of all the cireumataneea connected with the taking of the mortgaip'. It is open to anyone attacking tli.- moHKBtre to shew that the ag«'nt is not poBsessed of thia know ledge, and if sueh want of knowledge is establiahed the morttrage may be declared invalid: Cameron. J.. Carlisle v. Tait. 7 A.K. («)nt.) 10 at :r). It is also neeesaary, under sec. 12(3) that t'le agent's affidavit shall state that he is aware of all the circuiii stances connected with the mortgage, ami has personal know- ledge of the facts deposetl to in the event of such an affidavit iM'imr made by an officer or agent of a corporation. The nl^idavit of hotm fidrs, whether made by an agent or by the mortgagee, must accompany the mortgage when rvtiis tered. The word "accompany" is hen- used in the same sen*' as that in which the words "together with" are used in iw'c. ■) meaning "simultaneoiwly," or "along with": Qrindell v. Hr.n don. 6 C.H.X.S. «98. Affiilarit of Rona Fidis. Where an affidavit stated that the mortgage was made I'p secure a mortgagee atrainst the paym. ' of such liability •oi instead of "for" the "mortgagor by rei^son of the notes, the l;iii guage was helil to be iH|uivalent, and an objection that the 1; i bility referred to was that of the mortgagor instead of the iiioit iragee. was overnded: Mathers v. Lynch, 28 U.C.Q.B. :jr)4. Sn affidavit is insufficient which complies in all resp»>ct.s with thf iv quirements of the section but omits the words"against the cr. .ii tors of the mortgagor" in that part wherein it is necessary to >t i- that the mortgage was not executed for the purpose of swuriii'.' the goods and chattels mentioned therein "agaiiust the creditor. of the mortgagor." And it will make no difference that tl omission was unintentional: Boulton v. Smith, 18 r.C.Q.B 1 ' No elTect will Im' jriven to the ob,jection that the affidavit li- the phrase -for the purpose of 'protw-ting' the goods aii™. " -ufflei-nt without ad. ...K the word« -or H.ther of them^M rogard. th. mortRaKon. "' IT 7:'"""" "^ ♦*'^'"" "- "•««"»■ the crediton.: fST; l.C.C.P. .<71i Taylor v. Ainalie. 19 IJ.C.C.P. 78 The w«r.«. •or either of them" «i „.^.„t. mort.a^m, and 'any or either of them a. reganta creditor., are implietl. followinK the maxim omne maju, conhneM in »e minu.-,: minu, ,„ .„ ,-mn„Urtitur ''' \\here by a elericai error, the affidavit contain.-,! the word f ;i 't ?k' °':.r".'"«"<'i'''? 'he .ord e„don«.„u.n, in re ternn^ to the liability incurml, it waa hel.l that there waa no aml>,»ru. y m the expreaaion. an.l that ,uch error alone will not ^1 1'l r.'jili' *■""''*'' ^ "°''''"''''' '• "•"""• ^^ ^•"- '«"» ) 253. Siiurity for Dower. A chattel mortage may be ^iven by the huHban.! to the vv.t.- on obtaining her bar of inchoate dower in a mort^aRe of Ins lands, to aecure h.-r from any loaa which ahe mi,?ht t^^reby sustain. «n.l .t will be sufficient to state in the chattel r.'Irt U'H^. as nearly as possible the amount of the liability that i. o be .neurred. It be.n^ impo*ible in such a case to state pre '•.*!y the amount of liability to be incurre.i. an approximafi^n ..n..st ...th..r be made to satisfy the provisions of th« sec ion or Effect of Hon-repstration. 7. If the mortgage and affi.lavits are not regi.ster.-d as l.v tl'is Act provided, the mortgage shall he ahsolutelv null and V..M as against creditors of the mortgagor, an.l as against suhsc MM.nt purchasers or mortgagees in goml faith for valuable con- sul, ration. R.S.O. 1897, c. 148, s. 5. l''Mr( and Time of Keffi.otration. H.ie hmitecl for registration as .specified in .station 18 relating 'o "h- place of n-gistrati.jn. reiaiing .o ' •• i r I j I ■! .. , 452 Bii.M or »Ai.r ANn riiArrei. mmxtiAOia*. Affldanlif. The affliUvit* r«'f«Tiv«l to in thw iiwtion irn-: (i) The »(M*vit of fxifiition, and (ii) the Bffl.Uvit of bono fitUn, an provi.lwl hy ■wtionH '> and 6. Tho nM>r1gage«' i-Hnnot valMlate aa affiiinat exiatiiiR eriHlitora a inortiPMfe irivalwl for want of ehaniH' of poancaaion. or failun- or (leffct of n-iriatration, hy taking ii.»««ft«i"n of the m.irtjriMC<'ii property. Aa th :nort(fa|te iMVomea alMolutely null and voul at the expiration ive ilaya, the void m-t-urity cannot In- ri'vived aa »KHi"»t ennlitora jjenerally hy the morttfaice*' aimply taking poa«.-jwKni: i'larkaon v. McMaater. '_».") Can. S.C.R. at p. 105; Mar- ker V. XuMmm, 1 O.K. 114. ptr Hoyd. ('. ; a«'e lltMiton v. Klooil. 20 O.K. H7. M (Mi..I. :«0. The meaning of the wonl* "aa ajrainat" fouwl in thin ■tattite, when reail with llie aulaMHiuent wirda "ereilitora." "piir chaaera," " inortKHirw'a, " etc., ia, tha* the inortRHge ahall \^ void in order to give effect to the claim of a creditor, pureham' hy a pupchaaer, or mortgago of a Hul>B«H|uent mortgage*', »)Ut no further, and ao aoon as the claims of the peraona protected l.y the statute are aatiafletl, the original mortgagee b«"come8 entitled, eo in*tanti. to aiiv beneflta that may remain thereafter: In r.- Artistic Color Printing Co., 21 Ch. D. Sid; Kx parte HlailHTK-. 2;l Ch. 1). 254. l'nditl.' <"H aideration. The reason for the statute declaring a mortgage vol.! ,> against these three classes of persons, unless the requisites of th. statute are compliewn. 1 Taunt. .{MI. .Wither rmrfv t.. 1 1, ; Htru,„e„t «.ul"te.r guard But, though the ..bj.H-t and eff.t , n.^L '" • to give not.ce to all those who de.sire to avail th,.,ns..rvr."f •'- opportunity g.ven them by statute, it does not f^ l^w , . • I I 454 BILLS OF SALE A VD CHATTEL MORTGAGES. because notice is given by registration *he mortgage in neces- sarily valid. Such legislation is not with a view of making good a title which would not liave lx«en good before, but simply for the protection of creditors, purchasers and mortgagees: Mercer v. Peterson, L.R. 2 Ex. 304; Darvill v. Terry, 6 H. & N. 807; Oriental Banking Co. v. Coleman, 3 Giflf. 11. Unless the mortgage, when regiotered, complies in all par- ticulars with the re East 59. Saret Agreements. If there be a distinct jigreemeut between mortgagor and mortgagee that there should l)e neiiher registration nor immedi- ate possession, such would atnount to an agreement to contraycii.- the statute, the policy of which is to make transactions open and notorious, and the mortgage would be void ab initio on grounds of public policy, so far as creditors are concerned : Clarkson v. McMaster, 25 Can. S.C.R. 96, per Strong, C.J. By "creditors of the mortgagor" is meant any persons to whom a debt is owed by the mortgagor. It makes no diflferenri' Whether the ddbt be one created by the mortgagor before or after the execution of the mortgage {Graham v. Furber, 14 C.B. 4h>. 23 L.J.C.P. 51; Ex parte Stephens, 3 Ch. D. 807; Mackay v Dougla.s. L.U 14 K(i. 106; Kidney v. Coussmakir. 12 Ves. i;iti, l„r I or any creditors but those who were such at the time of the con veyance: Kidney v. Coussmaker, 12 Ves. 136. But there i.s ii ■ doubt that the Act makes no distinction between creditors: an i a fraudulent assignment is void against both sulwequeiit mi existing creditors: Graham v. Furber. 14 C.B. 410, 23 L..J.(' i' 51 ; Mackay v. Douglas, L.R. 14 Eq. 106. liut the chattel moi gage Act does not make void the instrument as against "sti u: gers," they not coming within any of the three classes ol |'> ■ THE ONTARIO ACT. 435 sons mentioned. And a sheriff, seizing under a /;. /«., will I,e a K ^"^.I' T^ "°* '"*'*^*"^ *" ^^' ''^"^fit «f the statute un esl he shews that he represents a creditor, and he ean onlv lo 1 k v shewing a judgment: Jfartyn v. Podger o Burr ^fi?1 ■ wV V. Morris. 11 C.B. 10,5; Porter v. FHnt^ff rrr C P^' *: Grant v. McLean, 3 O.S. 443; Powers v. Ruttan, 4 OS 58-' Olman v. (-raker, 1 Ves. Juu. Ifin. The latter should l.e' formally proveell, 29 Gr. 254. A person who claim.s-alien for advances upon goods under a parol agreement, au.l who do«, not obtain possession of them, acquires no title, and does not come wrthin the character of a creditor, subse«,uent pun-has^-r or nwrtgagee, t» defeat the claim of an innocent mortgagee for value, to whom title passed, although the latter "s instrument was not registered: Hall v. Collins Bay Co., 12 A.R (Out ) 65 Such person, however, has an interest which he could enforce aganist the person receiving the advances, and mav 1),. granted an injunction to restrain the debtor from di.siKvsing of the nro- perty without first satisfying the lien: Rusden v. Pope LR 3 l.x. 2h9; Kiigleback v. Nixon, L.R. 10 C.P. 645 ! i. J t i '! i ■ 1. I 4M nil.US OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOES. I Assignee for (Creditors. An assignee in insolvency may object to the non-registration of a bill of «ale on an alleged sale by the insolvent, just as an execution creditor or a suKsequt t purchaser for value may do (Snarr v. Smith, 45 U.C.Q.B. 156), and by section 2(b) it is specially provided that an assignee, under a deed of assignment in favour of creditors, can attack a mortgage as representing creditors, and take advantage of the want of registration; and the creditors themselves may do so, though not creditors by judgment and execution at the time of the assignment : Kitching v. Hicks, 6 O.R. 739. Purchaser in Good Faith. It will be observed that in this section it is required that u purchaser or niortgageee should be such in good faith. Actual knowledge is not inconsistent with good faith, but where collu- sion exists, the purchaser acquires no title whatever ; hence it is that where a purchase in made with intent to defraud the mort- gagee, the purcha.se transaction as to the mortgagee will be void, even though the statutory formalities have bwn ncgleet<'d bv the defrauded mortgagee: McLeod v. Doucette, 38 N.S.K. 151 : Hooding v. Riley. 50 N.II. UfM); Patten v. Moore, 32 N.ll. 382; Fuller v. Paige, 26 111. 358; Sage v. Browning, 51 111. 217: McDowiill V. Stewart. 83 111. 538. A purcha.ser or mortgagee for valuable, consideration, though he mny have notice of tli.' existence of a mortgage, may still be a purchaser in good fnitli. Where, for instance, a mortgage is invalid from defects in tin" affidavit of hniia fides, or for want of proper description, a pur- chaser for value with full notice of the invalid mortgage, caniu't. it has been held, be defeated as being a purchaser in bad faith : Edwards v. English, 7 E. & B. 564; Morrow v. Rorke, 39 l.C. Q.B. 5(Mt; Moffatt v. Coulson, 19 I'.C.Q.B. 341; Kaplin v. And. r son, 88 111. 120; Porter v. Dement, 35 111. 478. In New Jersey, Vice-Chancellor Van Fleet held that puf- chasers or mortgagees, to be in a position to avail themselves of tin oniL^sioii by iiii iintccedeiit mortgagee,' must have acted witli out notice of the rights of the holder of the antecedent security ; but not so with cre6. I nder a similar New . rfc statute, it was held that purchasers and mortgagees are not such "in good fiiith" if they have actual knowledge of the existence of an antecedent mort- gage: Farmers I^oan Oo. v. Ilendrickson. 25 Itarb (NY) 484- Tyler V Strong, 21 Barb. (.\.y.) 198; TilTany v. Warren, 37 Barb (N.Y. ) o71 ; Sayre v. Hewes, :;2 N. J. E.,. 652. The wonls goo:|; 1 m 1 \'k 458 iUl.LS ' i.E AND CHATTEL MORTQAQES. m ¥ w goods of his tenant as m iiiiu-h paymt'iit of his rent, or by pur- elwwe in purHuancc «f arrHngcinent, providinif there is an aetual and continued ehange of |W88ession to meet the claim of credi- tors and 8ul)8e *ll TItK O.VTM.Io ACT, 4.-)!) and have no reference whatsoever tii ereditors; henee a mortjfajre is void as a^airait creditora without any qiialifieation bv n-ason of the words "good faith:" Fanners Loan C... v. Il.iidriek.son 25 Barb. (N.Y.) 484; Stevens v. Huffi.lo. ete.. Hv. ('„ :n Harb' (N.Y.) 590; Sayre v. Ilewes. .S2 \. J. Eq. 652, 656. In the case of mortjfages not rer|uire;ainst a sulwe- quent mortffagee who has rejfistered his mortt'api-, but simply that as agaiast such mortgagee it shall l)e void. The clear direction of the Act is that a prior mortgage, un- registered, shall be absolutely void as against subse<|uent mort- gage.3S in good faith. Does this follow where the sul)se ClIATTKI, M(>RT«lA(lfW. If-^ section: Williams v. Leonanl, 2t> Can. S.O.R. 40fi; Taylor v. Blakelw'k, .'J2 Ch. D. 560. Sale of Ooodi not attended with Delivery. 8. Kvi-ry sale of (joods iiiut ('liatti'ls, not aocoinpanipd l)y u\\ imnu'diato ilflivcry and folltiwcd liy an ai'tual and continued cliant^c of pusNi'sakin of tlii" jfoods and cliatttdH hoM, shall hv i.. writing, and such writing shall lie a conveyance under the pro vLsions of this Act. and such conveyance or a true copy thereof accompanied by an aftidavit of an atfestinjr witness thereto nl the due execution of the conveyance, and an altidavit of the War- jjaince that the sale is bond jidv and for tp""' consideration, as set forth in the conveyance, and not for the purpose of holdinjr or enalilinu the bargainee to hold the giKxis mentioned therein against the creditors of the liargainor. shall i)e registered, as hereinafter provided, otherwise tlie sale shall be absolutely null and void as against the creditors of the ba./ainor and as against subseipient i)urcha.sers or mortgairees in good faitli. K.S.O. 18!>7, c. 148, s. 6. EsscnIinJa of a Salr. In all instances where, for a valual)le consideration, the iilisn lute beneticial interest pa8s«'8 from 8«'ller to buyer, there exi>;> a sale within the meaning of this si>ction : Steven.s(>n v. Rice. Jt r.C.C.P. 245; Willianwon v. Berry, 8 How. (U.S.) Mi; (Janinn- v. Lane. 12 .Mien :!!». The (|Uestion of property passing is gen.r ally one of intention: Ogg v. Shuter, L.R. 10 i'.V. 15!); Stevcnsoi. V. Rice, 24 U.C.C.P. 245. To constitute a valid sale, there iii>i- !»>■ a (oncurrence nf the following elements. \\Y.: — (i) Parties competent to contract. (ii) Mutual assent. (ii) A thing, the absolute or general property in which - transferred from the seller to the buyer; an 'I TIIK ONTAKKl \r'T. 4H1 bills of Bale, trarLsfcrH, Kriiuin, timl otlnr HUHiiraiicts «f (^(mmIh iinil fhattt'lK. ('oiiditioriiil n;i|i-n of rhatti-lH hv K'>vitii.-(| hy Cori- (litioiiHl Sales Act, 1 (J.o. V. i»it'i fid, liarifaiii and Bal«' of rwxIh for a (food <-oii.m the ojiera- tion of this Act: R.S.O. 1!)14, eh. 1.54; Id K.lw. VII. eh. (i4. Where the real transaction is a sale with a ri^ht to ref)ur- phase upon certain terms, the seller can only he refpiire the use of the bargainor until the marriage, and thereafter to h- use of the intended wife, who was also a party to the convey- 462 HJU^ OF SAI.K AND CHATTEL MORTUAOtX. I i i m • mi ance, it wax held that the wife, who wu deiierilietl hh the har- gHiniH>, might properly make the affl'*avit of bima fiilis, ami that her benetioial intereat in and poaaeaH >n of the gooda enabled her to maintain a elaini thereto on interpleader with a en> D.L.R. 4ri!), 2fi O.L.H. 27!); Kitehing v. Hicks, (i Ont. K. 7U!); Thibaudeau v. Paul, 26 Ont. R. .W."), followed: Tailhy v. Official Receiver, 13 App. (^la. ii'2'.i. Hppliessignee claimed them, and it was held that the relationship between the parties was not that of vendor and purchaser, injis- much as the purchaser hat! not been possesse*! of the goods animus domiiii, but merely with an inexclusive jus dkpondi mli. the property in the goods continuing in the consignor, and con sequently there was not a sale: Langley v. Kahnert, 9 O.L.K. 164, affinned 36 Can. S.C.R. 397. The expression "actual and continued change of possession " is defined by section 2 (a) to mean such change of possession as is open and reasonaibly sufficient to afford public notif' thereof. The weird ■■writing" includes words printed, paintinl. 'ii graved, lithographed, or otherwise reproduced in any visilu- form: K.SO. 1914. eh. 1: 7 Kdw. VII. ch. 2. sec. 7(14). If tl.. words "shall be in writing," were omitted, coubi a sale of chattels by parol without a change of possession be held vali ! when the Act requires every sale to be registered?' The reciuiri ments of the Act could not be complied witli if the sal<' were t' 1 1' TIIK (i.VTAKKi ACT. 4f5:« par..l, Hn.l if w<..,l,| l„. „.. ......wr U, ...Hk.-, that lMr..uH,. r.-KiHtra- tion woul.l .„ Hu<.h .-am. Ih- i,n,.^il,!., it th.-n-for.. l„..,>,n..s .„.- neceawiry: LurnTiiiiKM v. Morjfan, 12 r.<*.(^ H -,r,7 -n... ,,|,n,s<. 'S.,.-!, vvrilinir hI.hII Ih- h .■onvvH,,,.,. „,„l,.r ,ho •Jiali apply to aiifh wntiii(r or con v.y «»<•»• '"Aoeompaniw! " in hIho th.- wonl iise^l i„ tl.n ««„„. coi.n.M.tion in section 5. Soo „ot<. to that w^-fion. Affidavit of KTriiilwn. By an attesting, i.e., a Hiibacnb.nK wjt.u^, hut it ,„.,.,| „„t he made upon th. same ,l„y „« ,h,. hill <,f Hah-in ...x.M.uto.l ll be s,^H.nt .f ,„a \ R dlvi; If'^^' **■; *^'T of App,.al for Ontario. h.-M thaiVn'affi: dn the course of the argument, by Osier. J.A.. onlV th.. oth-r ...niu.,s „f il„. (•o„Pt „of ,.xpr.- md 'M-r. J. A., says: "That rule applies only to pro...v>,ii„gs"in' an '.( 4ti4 |i|l.l.>* OK SAI.K .\NI> CIIATTKI, MORTOAOKH. lU-HoM," Hiul he Koi'H Oil til miy thiit Vitiioii v. Cooki- wim rcviTHcd. (S,..- 4!l l-.M^.H. 7ti7, : I 'mitt |inK'('tMliii)fs )i|i|ii-itr.s to prevent their iipplieatioii to tlit* flliiift of (lociiinentH iiixler tlie Ontario HiIIh of Sale Act. the (iliiiif \mng in tho "ofliee of the eh-rk of the ("oiiiity Coin' " whieli is not iMvewtarily a tiling in the County Court. Authority of Af/int. .\h power is (fiveii 'hy sti-tioii ll.' to an agent ot a niortgageu to make the aftidavit of liiiini liilis, so by this se<'tion is power given to the agent of the Iwrgaiiiee to make a Hiinilnr Hffidavit. The aflie for good consideration; .so when the affidavit accoin pauying the assignment states that it "was nvivdc bon/i f\d^ ," 1 in omits the words "for gootl consideration," the assignment cuim ■; TIIK ONTAHHi act. 4Hr, IIv'Tk I*'rr':. ?""'":• -■* '■''*^ '*• ■"''■• ""'■"- V. lN.n. •'. ..-.*= •'■ ""• ■' •'"•■• ■^■^- ^*'' -'< !'•' ,,«« /,,/,., ,o |„. ,.o,mi,ler.Ml is th.it of the imts.,,. fr.m. "*""" " >"«««l«THtion rnove.l; /»,• \V,„h|. v.C II„|„i..s v iVn M.y :t K & .1. !.0; Tho.upson v. W.-l.ter. 4 l)r..«. .I2S 4 !)..( T A: J. MH., 7 .I,.r. N.S.II.L. ."..n ; ,...„.i,,, ,, ,.,„,, ,^ ,j ,"4 ,.:/;','; The conveynnee must shew the true ar.,1 fnll e..,usi.|..n.tu... for wlueh ,t WKivi.... He. it «„«. thHt .... ..sNi^nn.eot. nrlHtere,! umier the Ht^itute, for the no,„in„| eonHJ.Ieratio.i of live shiliinuH «-ith asepHrate ti nil.l^ or HM.K AMI CilATTKI. MtlRTOAOKS. the )H-iii>Ht of tlit> ImrKiiiiior iiKuiiiHt IiIh crfilitora : Arnold v. RobertJwn. 8 r.CXM*. 147; Fra«.T v. OI««b.tom', 11 r.C.C.J'. 12'>. Whcri> ».n affliUvit lu^-ninimnyiiifr hii aiwigiiineiit for n-Riii- trstion stateil that tlii> ti<>«>(l wu iiut iiMuie for the purpime of enabling th^ "anignor," iniitfa*! of the "aMignee" mm required by Htatuto, to hold the goodn Hgaiimt the creditorH, the niwiirtii nt wait held lut a iiiere clerical error, the court, by aceepting aiK-h an at!WI«vit, might Ih- iiMHiMtiiig in an liitciitioiiiil fVHHion of the Mtatute: Oliimteiid v. Smith, l.'i I.C. Q.B. 421. Though the statute iiientiona the words "gooda," atill hii afHtlavit of Iidim jidr* will Ih' HutTicietit when for "giiodH" the worda, "the estate and elTccta mentioneil," are »i*hHtitiited there- in; the latter words being more eompreht-nsive than the former: .Mii.Hoii V. TlioiiiBN, •_•:{ r.(',(^.|{. :{(>">. Though there lie two liiir gaineea, and the atHdavit of bona fulm atateM that the eonveyaiiie was "not for the ])iirpoae of enabling the bargaine«> tx> hold the goov Me<-tioiis H mii ' 'Jn. Tile i|iie.stioii whether i\ I'opy of ii liill of sale, with til" necesaary affidavits, can he tiled under this vi-tion. in Hul)stituti>>n of the liill of sale itsi'lf, eiiiiie up for the ii|niii()ii of tlie ('on t in Ilarria v. Commercial Hank. 1(> i'.C.^.U. 4:i7, followeil m Perrin v. Davis, !• TT.C.C.I'. 147. McLean. 1.. tlieiv (•■un uri. I with Robinson, C.J.. in his remarks, tiint this se«'tioii should I'l read in conjunction with .".ection five jiihI otli>-' strtwiw of ti statute, all of which bon ipoii the (|iie>jiKm. Kolmiso! i '■' in that case said: "We inii.st coiihiiIit that rne "«»p.\ nil! ,-n. full information of the fact of the atuugiiiiteui asma o! thi' .niti f as the original ileetl would do, ♦lioinjli ■■" .i»ii»«»r- uur l> f-' afiForded of inspecting the signal ires of Ui (tamf^ ?a«-' > i- ii •• however, the object of any •! our rfssKrv lawst liouiv ', the present .■^'l•tion expre^>iN illo»=-. f.- niine ot « —m^ -iiiv ■: the eoiiveyanee. Section 18 requires the astnmieii! Mt tif •Tastt.eTf"\ in Tin: 0\T\K|II \IT. 4117 roun.y or .lm,r..-f wIut. th- ,.|.„„,.U hp. nifuH...,! nt fh. ti ««.ut.on t h.p.^f. -Hitl.in flve.lHy. from ,.,.• ..x....u,ion ,| . of. Either th.. flr,t or l«.t .Iny of the fly., i^ ,., I... ,.x,.|u.I.h| • .M<-»..»n V. I'liikertoii. 7 A.K. (Ont ) 4!M) «h.„ h,. ..l-rk , offlc.,. is ..|.«..,|. th.. hill „r H«l.: ,.,,„. proJl'v under the Inten,n't«ti«n Aet. )«• re^wtered on the tinit following . ...v when th.. olTiee in o,,,.,. : K.S.O. 1!)14. eh. 1 ; 7 K.lw VII eh -'. t«W. /, Mllh-HITH. 1«i, 18. ■■ in. «>ctfon'*?*'"Th"" '" I" '"' I"""" "'**'"^ '"''"•"•" "''- --'i'"' '""« ; M ■''. "'" "*'** '" '^'""" 7 "••'• "i" K.KXI faith for valM roMration,'' while thiH H^.tio,. .|...|«n. ,h. ilmtn.' ■.'-•nt voi.l. for no,M.oi,.pli„,„... th.-rewith, «8«KMinNt .•r..,lit..n. „„<| mihsequent mort»n»eeH and pim-hHs^.n, i„ „,.,„/ f,^,,, withou requiring H «•«/««*/,! ro>t«V/rra/iV>H. A bill of sale was Hupportnl where the afti.h.vit stated that hat the hill of 8;ile wmh .n fa.-t taken in Kafi^sfaetion of a previous I'').', ot that amount: Orui.sl.y v. JarviH. 22 (».H. 11. js C.^.J. A purchawr of poods who neple<-t8 to eotn,,Iv with this s.-etion cannot invoke its provisions ,us HgainHt « Nul«e.|Uent pun-ham-r in with the Act, ohfains priority: Winn v. Snider 'C VR fOnt.) 384. " • \Vliere the creditors of an insolvent .lel.tor attaek a transfer oteertam personal property as fraudulent an.l a.s hind, rinjr and dehiy.np the creditors, and where son,.. „f ,!„. j.ropertv in m.es- tioii could nev,.r have h.H-ou xisrihle to answer the"eiai.ns /.f "'■■ -reduors. the attack fails a.s to the uon-xiKihl.. prope.tv -".'■. .'7, ?!,'• :'■• '^'"''''"''' ''i"""»f"Pl'i.- ('". V. ontari., S... d Co' ■ l>.!..I{. 14.><. 4(i Can. S.C.R. .-)4(). When ICort^g* t. ake Effect. 9. Every .such niortKajre or .•oi.ve.vaiiee .shall o|),.rate ,,iid td<.. '■"•-I upon, from and after the day an.l time of th,. ..x..,.uti .,. ""■ivof H.H.O. KS!»7, e. 148. .s. 4. Kff>,t from Time of Exfcutioti. This w-c;! ion wa.s originally taken from 2ti Vit-t.. ixt;:{. ,.h. 4,; ■>•■' 1. Cntilth e passinif of that Aet there was no statutory ..iiai.t- 4bS Bll.l^ OF fALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. ment oaiwin^ a inortgaRe or bill of sale, duly registered, to relate back to the period of its execution. It waa the statute 20 Vict, 1857, ch. 3, that liintted to five days the period within which instruments under the Act should be filee such a description as that, with the deed in hand, without other enquiry, the property could be identified, but there mast Ik- such material on the face of tln' mortgage as would indicate how the property may be identified if proper en<|uiries are instiituted: [xr Ritchie, V.J., MeCall v. Wolfl". 13 Can. S.C.K. l:}:}. The description should l)e such as to furnish the ability to know and distinguish the goods mort- gaged or .sold not alone at the time of the execution of the instru- ment, but at any .sul)8e<|uent period during the currency of tlu' written secumties: ptr Wilson, C.J., Corneill v. Abell. 'M I'.C.C. v.. at p. 109. Hence, it Ls not necessarj- to the validity of tlic instrument that it should so descril>e the property as to onfilili- a person to distinguish the articles of property mortgaged li> merely casting his eye upon them: Holt v. ('armichael. 2 .\M (Out.) 6;{!l. Written (l<'.scrij)tions of property are to be intti I)rcti(l in the lijrht of the facts known to, and in the minds of tin- parties at the tini<': they arc not prepared for strangers, but for THE ONTARIO ACT. 471 those they are to affect— the parties and their privies- Wilev v hnyier, lU Mich. «(>; yet they must k- such as will enable'the articles to he identified as ajrainst third parties, creditors or others, claiming an interest in the property: McCall v Wolff 1.} Can. S.C.R. 18a. itv an v. worn, A mortgage on saw logs will hin,l the IuinJK.r into which thev are sawn; but the mortga!,'ee must prove that such lumber was '^rnlT^-, f identical logs mortgagwl: White v. Hrown. 12 L.t.R 477, and a mortgage of leather covers shm-s subse.iuentlv made from such leather: I'utman v. €ushing, 10 Grav (Mass ) 334. A mortgage of "1(»0,(KM) feet of white pine 'saw logs, now on North Branch so called, Thunder Hav River," without further description has been held to be void for uncertaiutv • Richardson v. Alpena, 40 Mich. 2().{, 8 Central L.J. 2i)7) but If the description identified the property by its mark it would be sufficient, and especially so if the descriptiou pn.vide.s a means ot separating the mortgjiged property from oth(.rs of a like kin.l- -Merchantr Nat. Bank v. McLauchlin, 1 McCrary •>5S Before the passing of 20 Vict. ch. 3, questions arose in our courts as to the sufficiency of a description of goo' course of business. It can easily be imagitied what difficulty a bailitf would have in distinguishing Iwtwecii different quantities of the .same kind of goods, only some of whicli were covered by a mortgage, but all of which answered to the description contained therein. Yet it is necessary, in the event of litigation, for the party setting up the mortgage to establish the facA that those goods in dispute were in the shop at the tiirn' of the execution of the mortgage: Ross v. Conjrer, 14 U.C.R. 3L''>. To avoid the risk to a security by way of mortgage upon stock THE ONTARIO ACT. 473 SO tledcnbed, it is always desirable to provide for the deed cover- ing stock brought into the stop in renewal, substitution or addi- tion to that which may be mortgaged, for, unless the deed so pro- VMles, and it clearly appears from the deed itself, to be the inten- tion to bnng within iu operation after-acqiiired property the deed will not have such effect (Mason v. McDonald 25 UC C P 435; McPherson v. Reynol.ls, 6 r.C.C.P. 491) ; and' even though the deed contain a power to seize all goods, chattels and eflVcts the power will not otherwise be extended to goods not upon thJ premises at the execution of the deed : Tapfield v. IliUman 6 Scott \. K. !»67. fi Man. & Or. 245, 12 L.J.C.P. 311; Reeve' v Whitmore, 33 L.J. Ch. 63. This may be done iby the mortgnge including, m addition to the stock upon the premises when exe- cuted, any and all stock purchased thereafter by the mortgagor and which may be in his possession upon the .said premises dur- ing the existence or continuance of the security or any renewal or renewals thereof: Re Thirkell, 21 Gr. 492; Stephens v. Pence 56 Iowa 257. A description of property as the "live and dead stock, growing and other crops and other goods, personal chat- tels and effects whatsoever, which at any time thereafter should be in or about the same or any other premises of the mortgagor, whether brought there in substitution for, renewal of, or in addi' tion to the goods, chattels and effects assigned, or any of them, or otherwise howsoever during the time thfit any money be owing upon the .security" (Clements v. Matthews, 11 (i.».D'808), oras "the stock-in-trade, goods, chattels and effects which should or raighit at any time or times during the continuance of the security be brought into the messuage, warehouse and premises, or be ap- propriated to the use thereof, either in addition to or in substitu- tion for stock-in-trade, chattels and effects now being therein or fiiiy of them" is good: Lazarus v. Andrade, .") C'.P.l). 318. Substituted or After-acquired Property. An attempt has been made to draw a distinction l)etweeii sub- stituted property and after-acquired property, as to the com- pleteness of description, but it is doubtful if .such a contention IS tenable : Chidell v. Galsworthy, 6 C.B.X.S. 471. An mstrnment describing after-actiuired personalty in the words "all his present and future personalty," will only suflfice to charge in favour of the vendee, as between the parties, all the personal property at the date of the instrument, but will not operate so as to charge after-acquired property ; such a desorip- 1^1 * r i > 474 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MOBTOAOES. i i tion does not confine the awiKmnent to apeeific goods, but to undetermmed property: Tadman v. D'Epineuil, 20 Ch. D 758 dTi"^ «fter-acquired property 18 property and specifically described, yet inasmuch as the assignment thereof, though rtbso- of thTn., T' """'""*" *" * '*'"*™*'* ♦» ««*«"' f""- the breach of which the assignor incurs a liability provable in bankruptcy, and from which he is releas«l by his .lischarge. such description uiU not ever goods brought on the premises after the discharge in bankruptcy has been granted : Collyer v. Isaacs, 19 Ch. D. .142. On the other hand a description as follows: "The party of the first part doth assign u«to the party of the second part all his nght and claim to the goods and stock-in-trade in the store of the said party of the first part to an amount sufficieirt to reimburse the said party of the second part whatever he may nay m consequence of becoming such surety as aforesaid, and should here not 'be stock enough for that purpose in the store at sucii time, the balance, after deducting the value of the sai.J stock shall be made up of the book debts then on the books of the p:irtv of the first part," is not sufficiently comprehensive to cover the mibstituted renewed or added stock-in-trade: Kitching v. Ilieks. M L.L.J. 112. f,^ common law an assignment was not good, so far as it pro- fessed to convey after-acquired property; it could only operate upon such property as was in existence, sfkI which was the gran- tor 8 at the time of the assignment, or in which he had some int.r- est, unless, however, the grantor ratify the sale of the "after- acquired property" by some act done by him after the property IS acquired by him; and an assignee acquired no valid title hv such instrument to such property when there was no iioviis a< /(/J Lunn v. Thornton, 1 C.B. 379. Where a chattel mortgage conveys the stock-in-trade shoi. contents, including shop and office fixtures, scales and appnrt. m- ancee, which had been purchased by the mortgag()r from ii .sp,-, ified seller with a further provision purporting to cover an.l include "not only all and singular the present stock of goonMiiise8 of the London Machine Tool Co. (describing the premises) on the north side of King street, in the city of London," and in an attached schedule was this dewription: "And all macliines in course of construction, or which shall hereafter be in course of construction, or completed, while any of the money.s hereby secured are unpaid, beinjf in or upon the premiw's now occupied b.v the mortgagor, or which are now or shall be in any other prt- iiiises in the city of London." It was held that the dcscriptic ir the .schedule could not extend to »roore, and. if it could, the description was not sufficient within the meaning of Hills of Sale Act ( K.S.O. 1887, eh. 25) to cover machines so manufactured: Williams v. Leonard. 26 Can. S.C.R. 406. A clause in a bill of sale which purports to include after- acciuired property confers, as to the lattained (10,01 M^' and without notice: Whynot v. MeGinty, 7 D.L.R. 618. 12 ELR 116; Holroyd v. Marshall, 10 H.L.C. 191. Nothing at common law can he mortgaged but that which is i»( esse; and a man cannot give away that which lie hath not- Lunn v. Thornton, 1 C.B. 379; Short v. Ruttan. 12 I'.C.R. 79; Cnmmings v. .Morgan. 12 U.C.R. 565; Congreve v. Evetts 10 Ex. 297; Mogg V. Baker, 3 M. & W. 195; Onle v. Bunnell 7 Q B HoO; Otis V. Sill, 8 Barb. 102; Yates v. Olmsted, 65 Barb. 43. When, therefore, sales are made in the ordinary course of trade, the stock is replenished and deficiencies supplied; the stock iHiught from the proceeds of the mortgaged property is not linhle to the mortgagee's claim: Anderson v. Howard, 49 Ga. 313. We have seen, however, that an assignment of after-acquired prop- f ' > A.K. 44!), ;n C.L.J. r>20. A chattel mortgage purporting to include "all machines etc.. m course of construction or which shall hereafter be iii course of construction or completed while any of the moneys heiv- iby secured are unpaid, being in or upon the premises no'w occu- pied by the mortgagor, or which are now or shall be on o«t/ «^/(,/- preuusfs in ihe city of London" cannot extend to goods mami- factur»Hl on new premises and which were never on the prop.-rtv specmlly mentioned in the mortgape; but even if so constru.il the description is not sufficient under this section : Williams v Leonard, 26 Chii. S.C.R. 4(»6. A description, as follows, of a store stock in a rural loealitv 18 sufficient; nil and singular, the goods, chattels, stock-in-triKJ.'. fixtures and store building of the mortgagors used in or pertiiin ing to their biwiness a.s general merchants now lieing in the stotv of said mortgagors on the north half of section 6, townsiii]) !:• niiiif.. 2>S, <.tc. : Thomson v. Quirk, 18 Can. S.C.R. 695. It is not sufficient to state merely the street upon which tli. mortgaged stock-in-trade happens to be. without saying thiit it was in the shop or on the premises of the assignor situate \\[wa that street: Wilson v. Kerr, 17 U.C.R. 168; or otherwiise i(l.ii;i fying the building. The word stock is a convertible form. It is the capital .- pmperty of a merchant, tradesman, or company investeil in ;iiiv t \ THE ONTARIO ACT. 477 hu«ne« incluchng merchan.IiHe. money an.l on..liK Hr.,| it ,„hv mean the itock of a grocer or dry go«U merchant, or a hoot and shoe merchant, and therefore a description m.eh as. "the stock in-trade of the mortga^r. mtuate at " ia not sufficient with- out mention in the instrument of the trade or ..ecupation of the mortgagor, and especially ia it „ot sufficient without mention of locality at all. When the mortgagor is d.wrilH.,1 in the pr,Mnis..« of the deed «H heing of the occupation of merchant, the natun" or kin.l of the stock cannot U- a^certaine.l. for the word merchant is as con- vertible as the word stock: Wilson v. Kerr. 17 l' C R 168- Volan V. Donnelly. 4 O.R. 440. But. when the nature of the tn.de or occupation of the grantor is definitely ascertained in the premiMv, to the deed, it will then be assumed that "the stock-in^tn.de of the grantor, situate at " is of a description corresponding with the occupation of the grantor as previouHlv .lescrilx-d Where, for instance, the mortgagor is d.-scribe,! a.s a druggist' and the instrument describes the property mmplv as "the stoekl in-trade of the mortgagor, situate at " etc'., the court will assume that the propeHy mortgaged is a stock of drugs, ciiemi- cals. and other goodj*, such as a druggist usually has to sell. \yhere the description was "also the following goods and articles, being in the store of the party of the first part, on the comer of Queen and May streets, in the said town of Brampton that 18 to say, eighty-five gallons of vinegar," giving a long list,' iiiKl also the following goods, In-ing of the stock-in-trade of the party of the first part, taken in the month of April last that is to sa.^ sixteen pieces of tweed," it was held that all the goods were sufficiently de8eril)ed, for the last parcel of goods might be taken iis described to be in the ston* ( Mathers v. Lynch, 28 I'.C.K. 354). and where a schedule was headed "household furniture and property of J. R. McD." and the several apartments containing the fumature were specified, it was held sufficient, as it might lie assumed to refer to the party's residence: Fra.ser v Hank of roponto. 19 U.C.R. 381; see Blail)erg v. Parke, 10 Q.H.I). <)(). Hut a description suc'.i as the following: "all and singular the pet^inal estate and effects, stock-in-trade, goods, chattels, rights iind credits, fixtures, book debts, etc., and all other the personal ••state and effects whatsoever and wheresoever and whether upon the premises where said defendant's business in carried on, or ilsewhere, aad which said debtors are possesseil of or entitled to in } >l if" •• '1 i I , i 1 I i i ^^^ •S ; i 478 HIUM (»r HMX AND CHATTEL MORTOAUtlM. any way whataot-viT, incluiWiig, aiiion»jothtT thiriRa, all the atock- in-tra, RrxHia and chattels which they now have in their «tor« and dwellingH in the village of Ilenfrew aforiMukl ; aUo all and singular the peraonal eatate and effecta of every kind and na- ture." etc., ia not aufficient deacriptiun within the meaning of the Act (Nolan v. Donnelly, 20 C.L.J. 16), l)ecauai', no (U>ul>t, there ia a total ahaence of deacription by locality : The omiaaiun to identify by locality makea the following description defective within the meaning of the statute: "all and singit.ar the pentonal estate and effect*, Htock-in-trade, goods, chattels, rights and credits, fixture's, Iwok dt^bts, notes, u^nints, hooks of account, choses in action, and all other the personal •■state and effwU. whatsoever and wheresoever, and whether upon the premises where aaid debtors' business is carried on. or el*tewhere, and which the said debtors are possessed of or entitled to in any way whatever." Without the words "whether upon the pn-miw-H where said debtors' busineMs is carried on, or elsewhert'." tin' description would be fatal, and with such words it cannot be les.s fatal, for none of the goods are descrilnnl us being on any par- ticular premises; it is quite consistent with the language useil, that ever}' article was "elsewhere," and "elsewhere" menus "aiiywhtre": Whitinjf v. Ilovey, \',i A.R. (Ont.) 7. Prom the words "furniture and household stuff," though no locality is mentioned, yet, if all that the description lacks is thf locality, the assumption will be that the description refers to tli>' mortgagor's residence, and all articles in detail such a.s "blaii kets and counterpane**," "household linen," "silver," "gla.ss." "electro and plated ware," "cutlery," "china," and "earthen- ware," may be properly treatetl as coming within the geiier;il terms " t'lii'niture and household stuff": Wilson v. Kerr. IT r.C.K. ItiS. 18 f.C.K. 470: Kingston v. Chapnmn, !) l. ('.('. I' 130; Fraser v. Bank of Toronto, 1!) r.L'.R. .Wl ; Powell v. l^iiik of rpper Canatla, 11 I'. ('.('.P. '.W-i. The words "'also the stoek nT gold and silver watches, jewellery and electro-silver plate, wliirii at the date hereof is in the possession of the mortgagor in liis said store," is a sutfieient description, notwithstanding that tin electro-plated goods and watches were numbered, and might iiii\'' l)een identified thereby: Segsworth v. Meri.on. •>4 Alb. 1,.J. J(,j. ' For inatance. the dc-scription of "two sets of hlacksmithing an CIHTTKl, Mi r Wilnon. C.J., .Nolan V. Donnelly, 4 O.K. at p. 44»i. Indcr tlic inipcriiil Ai-t. 4.')-4t; Viet, «'h. 4.», a liilj of -.«!»■ waa not void aiinply iM-oaiim' it oniitM to atatf the lot-idity wln-rt-at or wli.r.iipon th.' (liMlf.la an-: Ex purti- Hill, 17 y.B.l). 74; Kx part.- Nat. M. r. Hank, l.'i Cli I). 42; .lon.a v. Ilarria. L.K. 7 y.H. l.'>7, aM it merely providen that the hill of Mah> ahall Im- void M refrarda the peraonal ohattela not apeeiHeally detn-rilM-d ; these worda mean (leaerrhed aeeordinic to their apeeien, and see whether that person had given a 1)111 of sale of hia goods: pt r Manidty, J., Kx parte liill. 17 t^.H.j). 74. Our statute has the same object, with the additional one that the gooda may be read ily and easily distinguishiHl. Still it is xuggeated that tlwisioiis under the Imperial Act must have much Itearing upon our stat ute, on account of the word "specifically" being used in tiie for mer to interpret the description then-by re4|uired. Thia word is ,i WTOrd of definition, intended, to some extent, at all events, to limii generality of description, and it cannot l»e satiafied without soim thing in the nature of deacription which helps to separate tlif thing described from the rest of the things of the wime clasa. The case of Davit» v. Jenkins, [1900) 1 y.B. VV.i, turn.s paril\ on the sufTiciency of a description of property in a bill of s.ili'. and that is the only point for which it is necessary here to it In- to the case. The property, purporte. i„7 HH. in N01l||> Hfly |„. „p,.,.j(|, I 7. iiiiiy he V"i ' i» .S:^ ltr;^r:^!;[;; ;;:;^V'■■■ r dm! ami fifty oi' pHintiniw in ffilf frlm .1 ' '"'"" '"'"• .p..H.a.jy d....Hi.d J.I.- ri,:'!::;- , ^ j ..^ -.^•: "itt V. Hanner, 20 (^.H.D. 114. '"i|>« n.ii Act : Locality muHt n.-v.-rthelc^H k- ..n,l,.n,to<.d not .„ h„v.. .},.. S l.Hd^'r"'"'"' '^' '"""••^ ''^ " «"'"-••" «l-n io .tl wise f)«d; for example, a di^scrintion of ••^11 .1 "hki- ;•">".•■'.«" a lot. spe.fifyin. ..i^S ^uld „„ ; ''ZrlK- ^ .0 1 w. Inn the .Wt. of the n.ort^a^orH hen.... ,1 ,',." , • T a« that •l„,r«..s" are eoven-d l.y the word ••eaUie' Vrid.t tlie like-whi,.l, „ "","""'•-«••* » W'tfh, ehair. tal.je. eoiv ,Mid •locnlitv- m«v .Jntl ;. • • ''"^'■''*'- ""' «ri' pared moulding" was heW sufficient (Noell v. Pell, 7 r.C.I.) 322), and, on the authority of Mills v. King, "one .stumi>iii!,' TirE ONTARIO ACT. 483 «h.n^ *!l! '""' °°''' "*""*'' '"•"P^'^ty «»»''t to >'.• so described that should the graator own more of the same kind of „" 1' ,s Jan the number «,t down in the deed, it would be ro«ii,Ie from the mortgage, or from information which the mirCso , dLtes can be acquired, to tell whid, of the class U^^Tr. ,1^ u assignee!: McCall v. Wolff. 13 ("an SO R IW W J t *''. ^' r,7 V p in IT • ^ "A^.K. l.«) Hiakelv v. Patrick 67 XC 40; Hams v. Commcn-ial Rank, 16 I' (' R 4.37 444 f; would he prudent, should such Ik- the ca.;*. to statein fho in . an gives a 1 the hor*^ ,„ !„« stable and all the cows and he gives hve calves, and there ar,. found to l>e ten ther tiu'^rant ju .1 not cover the five, bec-ause you could n ,t \ olf ^ve v!l„ ' L " *"■""* ""^ " "■'"■'°" «« "«'»" four.ho,i<..iron.axle "se there is nothing whatever to enable one to identify them U if u i\ 1 1 !'- I !• 1 '•«, i i 484 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOES. from others of a similar kind, should the mort^gor have others: McCord V. Cooper, 30 Ind. 9; Croswell v. AllLs, 25 Conn. 311; Blakely v. Patrick, 67 X.C. 40. But "one brown horse, ten years old; one bay horse, eight years old ; one black mare, nine years old, ' ' has been held in our Courts to be a sufficient description : Corneill v. Abell, 31 U.C. C.P. 107. It sometimes happens that property lieconies intermixed with other property of a like kind. It is the law, in such ease-s, that when the owner if property mixes his own with that of another, and thus prevents identification, the one who so mixes loses his right to his own property to the extent required to make up the property of the other, and to that extent it becomes the property of him whose rights are invaded. If goods are mortgaged, and the mortgagor intermix them with otliers of a like kind belonging to him, so that the mortgaged property can- not toe distingtiished or separated, the niortagee is entitled to the whole, even as against a consignee of the mortgagor, and can recover the full value thereof for the property not mortgaged becomes accessorial to the mortgage*! property, ami subject to the lien and operation of the mortgage, provided, of course, tlie mortgage r.C.C.l'. \> 439. In the States of Massachusetts, Michigan and Nortii Ciiin lina, such evidence is admitte. m THE ONTARIO ACT. 485 must be otherwise idenS " hJ , ' "•'''"'*'' **'' ""■ ^^^^attel mkhael, 2 A.R erg. "* '^^""'^ 1"**»'°"= "«>t v. Oar- exisSL^ JXlTartoVaT;-' f "'" "P«" ^^'^ "«' "> 21 Gr 492) h..t v./ ! V *^1^'^"«'*»J« acquired (Re Tiiirkell the faVof t'he ii?n,S to" ,"' ^'^r-^^ '"""* "^'^^^ »P- within the orera^l^ Tthe 1oh".L %f ''''•'^''"•'•''•' P-^P-^v U.C.C.P. 435 '"ortgage: Jfason v. JFcDonald. 25 deed: Ma.her:'tv;reh;\>8'^'';yr-m' ' "'"" '""''^ "' ^'- theSJS.;r^;rdt:s'^;ir -^ r™'*-- "-^ if possible, to ascertain the3nr\!. "^'^'^''gor, i„ ,>rder, WLson V. kerr^^n-C.cJ'.lTeri'^B^^^lQri^r "'°'^^'^-' = the other rSd a.w 1 1 . •'""^'* '"">■ '•*' '-^-J^*'*^' «'«l ,,.,...11 r." " *''*" *l<^riptioH vft held irood- Fit:, wnild V. .Johaston, 41 l'C(^H 440 ' *^ '■ '^'*^- n^Lpz IS = .«ri'i;V':J^x: "- '";■ « cliatte inortjrwre will lu. «...f ,'^''">' """ «"*'" .s«'vored n.ort.a.ee of th^Tandf'R::.^".^;^ -,«^«;'- -"-."ont ;. H.-H.n„o„t. 5 U. & Ad. 72: Hoy J, V AreA^hal-u'r: llTu. -■o.:.;:ftrs::.r^c-.rri^";^^^ "ther ,00*. than tho«e "..n.ion.^ln'^;,;;:.^;!:/^.-;;:-^^ s) ! i ! I I i! '•'«, ■4 • I 486 BILLS OP BALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAQES. Chapman, 9 U.C.C.P. 130; Wood v. Rowcliflfe, 6 Ex. 407, 20 L.J. Ex. 265. (xii) The words "all the assignor's personal property and effects whatsoever and wheresoever, ' ' are insufficient : Harris V. Commercial Bank, 16 II.C.Q.B., at 444. (xiii) Bonds, "bills, notes, accounts, stocks, etc., "ejusdfm generis" do not require the usual particular deHcriptit>n neces- sary under the statute: Harris v. Commercial Bank. 16 r.C.Q.B. 444. (xiv) The words "any and all stock purchased ^)y the inort- ga^for, and which may be in his possession upon the said pre- mises during the existence or continuance of this security, or ol' any renewal or renewals thereof," is a sufficient d«'scription to pass after-acquired property: Re Thirkell, 21 Gr. 402; L-izani.s V. Andrade, 5 C.P.D. 318; Clements v. Matthews, 11 Q.B.I). HOH Fntnre-acqaired Property ; Goods not in Pouession. 11. This Act Nhiill extend to a nioi'tt;aKe or Hale of ^oods mihI chattels, which mny not be the property of. or in tiie poKse.ssioii, custody or control of the mortgagor or bargiiinor or any person on his behalf at tlie time of the making of the mortgage or .sah', and notwithstanding that such goods or chattels may lu- in tended to be delivered at .some future time, or tiuit the siime in;i\ not at the time of the making of the mortgage or sale 'k- aetuall.v procured or providetl, or tit or ready for delivery, or tiiat somp act may be re(|uired for the making or completing of sucii go-iiU and chattels, or rendering the same tit for delivery. R.S.O. ]>'.'!. c. 148, s. 37. Ooods Not in Possession of Mortgagor. Before this section was enacted it was held that the .\('t .lil not apply where the seller wa« not the owner of the goods, iin I that, on sale by a landlord, under distress for rent to a inoi: gagee of goods already under mortgage, no registration w .s required: Severn v. Clarke, .30 U.C.C.P. 363. Thi.s .set-tioii ni.n ■ s the Act apply although the chattels may not be tlie proper'y ni the bargainor, and now on such sales the Act must In- follou^l. Prior to the enactment of this se«'tion, a bill of sale by a slui iiV, on an execution of debtor's goods to a purchaser whetlni- 1h' THE ONTARIO ACT. 487 be plaintiff in the execution or not, was held not to *m. within the Act: Kiasock v. Jarvis, 6 II.C.C.P 393 9VCC V l^^ p ♦ V. Maujfhan, 39 U.C.Q.B. 371 ' ' ^'**"^" Where a raortgajjree selU the groods of a inortRa^or under a power of «ile contained in the chattel mortgage and the pur chaser permits the nu.rtga«or to remain in poLssion the \ci «:ould appear to require the registration ,.f a ^ill of sale hh against the mortgagee's creditors, hut seemingly not as against erXoffi of the mortgagor, for the registration is re<,uire. But a hind mortgagor after default is." as far as crops gn.wing upon the land mortgage.! are concerned, in the position of a tenant at sufferance, and cannot, by giving a chattel mort- i-'HL'e upon the crops, confer a title thereto upon th,. chattel mort- gagee to the prejudice of the land mortgagee who enters into possession before the crop is hanested: Bloomfield v. Ilellvt-r r- A.R (Ont.) 232; Laing v. Ontario lx)an, 4t; C C u H iu" explained. " ■ "^• Futiircacquired I'ropcrhj. A mortgag.- of future-acquired good-s. although in form a l.resent charge, is. in law, nothing more than a covenant, promise er Hgreement to make a mortgage upon them, and takes eff.vt as a transfer of the goods only from the acquisition of the>n. an- Ont.) April 8th, 1S97. not reported. This section, however, does not appear to cover the sale of ii share in a chattel and such was not formerly required to tn' registered, yet it will be the safer course to register under tln' Act in a case where the vendor retains pos8t-.ssion : Gunn v Burgess, 5 O.R. 685. But it does apply to an e, :<, 7 and 8. ' ' ' ^^ '^ Affidavit for Several Mortgagees. The affidavit is only required for the purpos.- of .•.(Tonlin.. mformation as to grounds upon which the claiJ. to t e .1 "^ made and one affidavit embracing the requisites of ti... tatute ff^ ds that nifonnation, as well a« affidavits of t«'nt bar H n... ,t h^re w.re so n.any. would do: Ileward v. Mitchel Tl « t iiJ.M. t)Jo: McLeod v. Fortune. If) rcoH KWi r., L ea«e .t was contended that although the statuteper.MHie.l t: ^ several mortgagee's to make the affi(l BiMx OP haij: and chattel murtuaqes. Offictr* Authovizfd to Administtr Oalk». The Interpretatioii Act. R.S.O. 1914, ch. 1, 7 Edw. VII. ch. 2, ■. 7 (20), in reference to the adminwtration of ontlis, deolarea aa follows: — Where by an Act of the LegiHlature or by a nih* of the Legis- lative Aaaeriihly, or by an order, reffuhttion or coniiiiiasion, made or isaued by the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, under a law authoriziugr hiui to re(|uire the tai. having been made, taken or administereil, may Ik* given by any one named in the Act, rule, onler, regubilion or comininHioii or by a Judge of any Court, a Notary I'ublie. Justice of the rciice or Commissioner for taking affidavita, having autiiority or .juris- diction in the place where tiic oath is adiiiinistenHl. This clauae in the stwtute 7 Kdw. V'll. was later amended in 9 Edw. VII. ]9(>;), ch. 2G, s. 4 (R.S.O. 1914, eli. 11 by adding thereto: "Any officer authorized to administer an oatli or tiikc an affidavit may take any declaration authorized or required l>y an Act of the LegislatJire. By 3-4 Geo. V. 1!M:{. ch. IH, s. 1. it was furtiier amended by adding the following: "Every Justic.' of the Peace having authority in Ontario shall have the siinic powers to take and rec<'ive affidavits and affirmations as a Com missioner appointed under the Conunissioners for Takinji Atli davits Act lU.S.O. 1914, ch. 1|. The Evidence Act (Ont.), 9 Edw. VII. 19()9. ch. 43, sec :;s. R.S.O. 1914, ch. 7H, provitU-s for oaths, affidavits, affirmafion.v or declarations, sworn, affirmed or made out of Ontario. I'nder this enactment is includt-d any commissioner author ized to administer oaths in the Supreme Court of Judicature in England or Ireland, a Judge of the Supreme Court of Judicatuir in England or Ireland; or a Judge of the Court of ScKsion. oi of the Justiciary Court of Scotland; or a Judge of nny of ili. County Ocnirts of Great Mritain or Indaml. within iiU couiit>. or any notary public certitittl under his hand and official seal, ov the mayor or chief magistrate of any city, borough or town .(.r porate in Great BriUiin or Ireland, or in any colony of II is .M;i esty. or in any foreign country, and certified under the coiiiiinii seal of such city, borough or town corporate, or a Judge of .my Court of Heconl or of supreme jurisdiction in any colony ' longing to the crown of Great Britain, or any dependency THE ONTAKKl .\«'T. 491 thereof, or in any foreign country; or, if ,na"t"no Kvidence A.' ,lt Kdw II. V.m. ch^ 43, sec. 3H; K.S.O. li.U. ch. 7.n .sp-ciall, states he- ore whom aflidavits can In- taken, wh.n ma.le in the Province of uehec for use in Ontario; hut a notary public is n.,t a,nong ■OS., designap. Hence, it was hel.l that an atlidavit of iZ' M. under this Act, sworn to before a notary pul.lie in ,|,.. rovince of Quebec, was insufficient, as a notarv puMi.- in Ijluebec had no power, umler the provision of the Ontario \\.. rr/rr r/^S'i"'"'*''- "''" ^^^-^ "-^ -mmi.s.sione.'< xoen ;. «'. '^- '^"^' ^"^ "«* •^ 'f ''»' »»'■ "'<■ '"ortgape lieaman Tr *r • '" ^': '''■' """-'^ - '^''"- •'! '11. -^7: UiU.n " .Miir; i"*' «-;"•■ '^ '" i'nPOrtanf that the person who a.N "o .reTurat' "''*"'''' ""* "*'^'"*' '" '"''*■■■""■ '"''' ""'"'■ If I ''• 4!»2 miAM (»K HAI.e AND CIIATTEI, M(«T(IA(II'>. Krrors »iiil Omi»»ioH» in Ihr Jura'. In the fiwe of \\tkU>\ v. (^ock. 4 A.K. (Out.) 2cHlt*(i thut H chuttcl iiii)rt|{af(<' whn invalid hh iiffHinat a huIim!- quent exwufjon orwUtop, on account of the iiifn>Htiin> of the conuniMioner to the affidavit of bonn fidm iM-ing omitted, even thouffh it waa no otiiitted, lint whether the paper filed with the chattel iiiortKHKe ia aiieh an af1i((avit aa the atntiite re<|uirea. In that enquiry, due re)«e ha' iH'en remlered familiar to all eni;aKe«l in tlie Htiidy and practice of the law liy the explanationa of the Courts in many oaaot. It is 8uf!icient here to wiy that the legialature haa not lieen content that a chattel mortgaire ahould he merely atamped with ipmhI faith, but hag re^iuirini the mortgagee to pltHlife thia oath to ita character. Still further, it haa n><|nire of enabling ere- ditors to satisfy themaelves, not merely of the existem'e of claiiiia against the gooda of their debtor, but of the existence of a statement made under the sanction of an oath and in eompli- ance with the terms of tiie Mtntute. To the attainment of this end, it seems indispenaable that it altould S'ppear that the afti- davit w as sworn before some officer having authority to adminis- ter the oath. It never could have bwu intended that the en- ditor should Ih- left at his peril t4i assure himself by cxtrinsi*' evidence of the pretsence or abwnce of this requisite. A papiT purporting to be an affi>lavit, but not authenticated aa sworn, is quite consistent with the supposition that at the last momt-nt tli<- mortgagee had shrunk from swearing to the nwesaary stateim-nt We have not overlookeror..rtv, M.-r,. » u. have « r««b. ,„,|K.a,r,l. ,h.. .r..,li,or in 'nt .|..|' ,„ Z' The .nformat.o„ t« h,m that th-r. in a ..h,m..| ...ort^H^.. .-x.. , by^h«debU»r '*"" fHr«hoH of that to whi.-h h. . ..n,m...| hv flml. with t ho ,nort^««.. „ ,„.p,.p ^hi.-h .I.h-h not H,,,H.,.r to ,. ve beonawon. In-for.. n„y n.-o,r..iz.Ml aiUhorilv, or nworn at nl a J.LTSl'i "*""."':' ""■ ''•""•"• ^''^■" "'"if'"->"ily ..if.Ht.,1 a irrwit relHctaiir.. to .h-Htroy an hon.^t mTuritv on a. nl of „ al.p or om«.,„n. W. ,„„y r-Kr-t that our .h^inion ,l..r..atH th" apiH-llant a juat oU.n.. h„t «,. f...| that to anpport it wo„h| l„. to open w„l.. the ,lo«r to « palpahh- an.l .lanRerouN ,m,.|.. of eva.l- injf the Mlutary proviaion of the atatute. What hns in this eane been the nvult of ,nn„,.eut miatake nn^ht. in anoth..,-. 1„. ,h,. I^^ar^u rz '" "'•' '" '^ """''«'"" "f " ■''■'"•••'•>'"■ fraud. It la not auIlH-.ent anaw.-r to nr^e that the al,H..ne.. of a t««.k The nvortica^ee wouM he nnder no ot.li^ation to furnish any nforn.at.on. an.l ,t wouhl he highly unrensonal.l.. an.l nn .mat to fore,, the ,.ml,t..r either to u. r,.k.. th.. ditlHult an.I often nnpoaaihh. taak of satiafyin^ hi.ns..|f ,h«t it was not re.llv TTi'/'M!* '■"'"■'' "'"'" " '"'' *''■'"'' """'■' •'•• "«''"- to he ,h".. fea e,! hy the teatimony ,.f a eonnnisai. r of whom the ere.litor ha. never heard: XiaM v. Ca-k. 4 .\.l{. (()„,., 2m, ^.,. „|J 11.11 v^ (idman. :"i..t of ra..t ,h.. Mthdavit of h,mn f,,!,, ..r exeention is sw..rn to l...for.. a ...„„,„is. s.on..r ..r other o(Ti,...r authoriz...! to adMunisfr the a.lidavit. tl...n. If audi offu-er s .,K..ature is a.ld.Ml to th- iurat. fh- oinis- M..n to a.hl wonla shewing' in what .-apaeily th.. a.lidnvit was ';'k-.. hy snoh „ftuH.r is not a fatal oh.j,..,ion to th.. atfi.lavit * h.n.y V. ( ourtoi.s. i:t C.M..\.S, .i:U. foll„u...i i„ i{, ,|,ap,„,,„ Ml fi li I it \ ;t 11 : I il 4»4 HILM or HAI.K .\NI> CIIATTKI. MllllTI).\()»». Kz p. JohiiMii. 28 Ch. I). :i;tM; mm- hIm), lldWHnt v. Itmwii, 4 niiiir. ;<0;t; Ilainilton v. l[HrriHiin, 4«i TCljlt. 127): mich iin obj)<<>tion i* inon>ly h ttH'hiiicnl one. niiil it woiiltl Mfin tlint, if the party he named at all, the Cnnrt may cxaiiiine to we whether he iH one of the eniniiiiNHioiierM: /x r lionl Aliinirer, Miinlekin v. I'otter, n M. & W. l:». The faet ihni the il.-poneiit eoiiKI In- eoii- vietetl of perjury" (leiiioiiNtniteH that the niniMHion to a aildiH-ed ahewinit that the ofHeer waa eoni- potent to ndniiniater the oath: V.x parte .lohnaon, "JW Vh. I). :t;W. The Ontario Kvidenee Aet eontaina the followiutr provi- aioii with reference to af1l Kdw. VII. eh. 4:l, s.^-. 4(t; K.S.O. 1!»14, eh. 76. Affidavits by Agritts <»/ ('oriwratioim. In a case ariain^ under the atatiite II Kdw. VII. eh. 7, simv 2(1, from whieh see. 12. auh-wf. M. waa t^ken, it waa the opinion of the majority of Hie Diviaioiml <'ourt that the affidavit of lioiin fidm and the aflklavit requirtnl upon the n-newal of a ehalttl mvrtfraKe, where the mortffaffeea are an ino<)rj)orate«l eom|Kin>. if made by the president, viee-preaident, manager, aaaiataiit manager, aeeretary, or treaaun'r of the eonv|>any, need not .stai' that the deponent ia authorized hy reaolution of the direeti>f^ in that Iwhalf, nor that he ia aware of the eireumataneeH ••on nwted with the morti^aKe and haa peraonal knowledKe of tli fa<'ta di^oaed to; the word-s "offi<'er or agent" in llie ws-tioi: aoeording to the eoiiat met ion plaeed upon them hy the Com:: b«'in(? contine«l in their application to an ol^-er or ajreiit who i» not one of the principal officers al)ove einnnerated : M.iiik ••: Toronto v. MeDoutrall (1H»m1, l.'i CCCP. 47."., and Kre.li..! i Loan and Savinga Co. v. Hank of Commerce (1879), 44 I ' Q.B. 284, applief ■ deponent should la- .sworn to; I'niveraal Skirt Co. v. («orml.-.\ 1 ■ O.L.R. 114; 8e«' also Carlisle v. Tait, 7 A.R. (Ont.l 10. m iJ TMK (IN'TAHIO AIT. »•»:. I, ■ II W |>I To «voion.>nl IioMn in tl„. ..oiMpanv iin.l it,„f |„. i„ „„.„,. of th.- .•m-u.,mt........H .•..„„.M.|,.,| uitl. Il„. ...orl^aK,. .....I Imn ,».,•- *"","' ■""»« «'■ "f ""• '■"•••« ,I..,,oh.mI to. Kii.il„.nMor.. it on.st I..' Loriir III 1,1111.1 thnt til.- (|.>.-iNioii in iMivrHHl Skirt .Mfi, ( •„ V. (J«rn.|..y, 17 (..L.U. 114. in not hi,.,|,n„ upon tl,. ,...« K .„„ ■titiit.-.! .\pp..||Ht.- DiviHio.iH or th.. Ontari., Snpr.mr 'c.ml iiicli tik.- th.- pi.,... of th.- fonii.f Court .,f .\p, | ,,,,,1 „f '■'■''''"" '"" "" •'""•lin^ ..ir.M-i on ll„. |,i^|,..r i.,n,m.s iprrial, lM.f.,r.. whi,-!, tin- hjiiii.' ,|ii,.Hlion Ii.in still to '""' ^"""■'' "I'P'mI. In this .-oni ti.,„ it w.,iil,| '.' piirt of th.- hol.linif .if tli.- Court is ..l.ii,,- ,li,l,i upon a t.'Mt .)f th.. H..ti.>n ..f ||„. p,v.si,|,.„i „f an oiiipHiiy an.l ii|K,n th.. lloorv appr.,v...| in Mi.nk M..!)ouirall, 1.-. r.C.C.I'. 47.-,. H,,. ,u.tioii ..f th.. pr... "f if r,,,,' iiiK the afllhlavit is not as an a^-nt. hiit in .•lii..r- i„ ot ,),.. .•.x....utiv.. offlcT n.,t an aH ),y .l..h.Kati.,n as n- a..t of a inaiinffi-r or of » «iilx»r.linat.. ottio.r. t'enf. * thority. 13. Th.. inith..rity in writiiiK r.f.rr...l to in th.. n..xt pr lin^ N.-.lion. or a .-opy .,f hii.-Ii authority shall !«■ atla..h...| t., ai,.| H|..,| Mith thf iiiortKHKf or convey an..... |{.S (i. 1S!(7, ,.. 14., , „ -!.'/< »'.« Aiillmritij. S..*. notes to scotioiw 5 and fi of tlii« A.-t. AffldtTit of Executor. Adminiitrator. Next of Kin. or Auignee 14. Any atTi.Javit hy this A.t r...|uir...l t.. I„. ,„„,|,. |,y th.. ,„„ri. iTiiif... .,r l,y th.. iMiiwin.'.. may in th.. .-as., of his .l..afh 1... ,„a.h ''.V any „f his n.-xt of kin ..r hy his ..x,...„t..r or a.lininistrator. or, if th.. i.iortjraKe has Im-.-ii ii.sHi){n,..l. hy iii.s assijrn.-... A , »;. Oenertl Authority t Take or Benew Mortgages. 18. An authorit; , tak.- a ..onv..yaii.... .,r to tak.. „r nn-w ,, wt Ih- a Hutticiciit authority to the agent to renew. To enahle the a^rent to renew H mortgage on the same autliority as that upon which lie tx)ok the mortgage, the authority re<|uire« to \w "to take and renew," etc. But a general authority to take and renew mortgages or conveyances under the Act, will Im* sufficient without the auth- ority identifying any particular mortgage or conveyiincc. Of course, the "authorities" are re<|uirtil to iw in writing. The "conveyances" referred to are evidently the convey iinces in- temdiHl under sect ions '>, (> and 8. Contract! to Give Mortgages. 16. Kvery covenant, promiw or agreement to iiiaki', cxt'ciife or give a mortgage of gootis and chattels shall he in writing, iind sliall he de«>med to he a mortgage within the meaning of thi.s Act. K.S.O. 18!I7, c. 148. s. 11. Agrnnu Ills lit ijivi' Mortijnijf. Th<' covenant, promise or agreement must he in writin:: in order that it may he filed pursiuint to this s«H'tion. Although the words "covenant, promise or agrfciin-nt " iiri' here useil. it is prohahle that e<|ual etTe<'t would lie dcducililc from the word "agreement" alone, for unless tiic covenant oi' promise he aswnted to, so as to form an agreement, it wonlil have no validity to afTtrt the title to i)roperty. Where an agreement fi.xes no limit of time within wliidi tli«' mortgage is to Ix- given, and providt-s for no extension or oilier consiiit > -'ni, ■V.\ C.\...J. '20[. Where an agreement to give a chattel mortgage is linl.v iii;;.|. and registercil inider this section, and suhsciiuently :i moi ig.iL'' is made and rcgistere virtue of tile agreement, hut it contiiiiies to exist as licfoic .iinl THE ONTARIO ACT. ^g, the mortgagee ia enabled to relv on it wh«... .i, Contraet to Make a Sale. 17. Every eoy.-nant, pn.,„i«. or agr.,Mn..«t to ...ake a sale of ...od, and chattels «hall b. i„ wri,i„« a.., sball b- ............1 ToVl r;'; e"^ r;^:"""" ^ '"" •"^' """•"*"^ -^ "-^^ ■'-■ « -^ ^ ^lyr,men<« /or ^o/ea of Goods. This section evidently embodies the well-known r„l , .....ice from -nd'SnTrn n 'pe^'rV? 'T. "^"'1 "" I"..vment the company would Sm7.; ' """ "' ^'"^''' K'ln.r, l.U'h D Wo '»^'^'^"""'- ^'v. also, Kx parte ^■-.-:::,;u';;:;:in„r.:!::;-.r:i:-,,;: '— iitu or s»n. if i. i. ^ tl ir ' ' » i rl 4!>8 Bll.1* OK >»AI.K AN1> CIIATTKI- MimTllAllfa*. Kiving of a hin- r.>coipt or n iiiortKW; h"«I- •«'<'on.»v, whori' h.- inortKH^.' Kivon wh« not tlu- M.rurilv .-ontrH.-t..,! for »mt <.u-lua.-.l a.l.litioiiHl koo.1h: Hrowi. v. I,Hinont«Kii.' (1HS:.). 1 ( hii bX. ('M«. :«>. .... I StM> note to t4i.' pn'owUng H•^•tion. in «lii«^h tli.- hhiiu- wc.mIs "i-ovi'UHiit. proiniw or ii»fi'<'''i"><'"'" »"' "*'''■ Nothing u Mi.! upwifli-ally mh to oontrm-U* of exohang.- ol K.K>.I«. ami alt»u)ugh n.l.>H of law n-lating to aaU* apply to .o.. VraotH o' M.\c, it is Htm a .nattor of doul.t whrlli.-r Htatnton n-.iuir,..mMita in nnip^-t of Hi.l.m will apply to ..x.-hangoa : Pn.r manor v. Hu.1.1. 7 Hin»r. •-.74. K.nnnuol v. Dan.-, .{< amp ->!M Harriaon v. T.uko. U M. & W. l:W. Stvtion 11. pr«.vi.lin(r that tho .\<-t ahall .-xton.l to moil ttair.>8 ami ^aios" of futun- gOi^l^ or Roo.1^. iw.t .-ompl.-t.'.l i.i... r,>«dv for d.'livor^-. woul.l app«»r not to oxt.-iKl in terms t ••Htfn,Mn,Mils for sal,..- l.nt apaH fr.mi that rnvtion imr.-.-m.-nis eto of M\o ,uv lu-1.1 to infliuh- not only ,.xi«tinK t?o.Hls <.wn, •. or iu«s.>*«..l t.v tl..' srlU-r. hut also ko.h1h to Im- mmnitnctmv. ; . a. :. M. & W- 4ti-'. If the conlnu-t is int...,'.. to n-«nlt in tran^f.Trinjf for a priw from K. to .\. u .•halt, 1 .: whi*-h A. ha.l no pr.-viou8 property, it u a e «ueli thnt when oarrusl out u wouhl i>^ in the Hale of a ehattel. the party eannot sue for wt.rk h.lH.nr: l.ee v. (Sriffin. 1 H. & S. -72; Wolfomlen v. NNiU. It'l^H 44-* It eannot he saiil that the jMiper ami mk - hv a soli«-itor in drawing a .leetl are goods sold ami d.ln \n.l thf disproportion in vain.' of 111.- work ami o! the n- .• does iHit ft.rm anv te-st. and if a sculptor Im> employ.nl to - x a w.»rk of art tlu .ontraot is, nevertheless a ...ntraet for ti - of a chattel: Lee v. Griffin, 1 H. & S, 272. .Vnd an or,l. r for M t.>ml>st..m- to W .r.-.-t.-d in a .-.-.n.-t.-ry, m a .ontn the Mle of a chattel, and not a c.mtntct for work and : Wolfendeu v. WiUou, 33 F.C.Q.B. 442. And wh.-n- U Xrm-X the seller purports to effect a presi-nt sale of tutur. . ■ th.' contract .>i).-rat.'s as an agn-emeiit to sell the go.Hls . Thornton. 1 t'.H. :»79. 14 L..T.C.I'. Uil. \ man e^in contra<-t to MS8ign property which is to • 'i. exi;*tenee in the futur.-. an.l when it haa come into .a Tl't THE ONTARIO ACT. 4ft!» equit> treating «« ,|on.. th«f whiH, .M.^ht U, I,.. ,|,.m.. f.,Ht..,m upon that property. h„.| „,.. <.„,.,ra,., ,„ .^j^,. ,,mw ;J,;' compete a«.,n.m..„t if th.- ko,kIh Ik- Mum,.i..nllv .l.-.-ril,', ' 1 jdent.fi. on «c.,„«i,ion .., ,h.. ..!,,.: r..„,...\., ,;::!' ' I). .U2: Ilolroyd v. MHrnhnll. Id fJ.L.c i;,] .i-,,;,,,.. •,,„, . , of «p.-<-.hc K00.1S. «„ thereupon ,>«*«.« ,0 ,he huyer: fF..ilh„t v. m.-kso,.; i.n. , ( .1 . 4.'{K: ^Vait v. Baker. L> K.x.-h. 1. Re^itration. 18. .1. E.xeep. i„ the ea.s.- of the CroMMonai r„,..,, „( ' •" H.rto„ the i„stn„„ents .nentio,,,-.! ,„ rl„. ,„...,...,,,„^ ,..,.„,„„ > .11 I,., re^wfered in the ,if!i,.„ „f ,h.. H.-rk of ,i,.. ,•„„„„ ,., l>H.r.,.t (Vurt of the county or .li...riet in ul,„i, ,U. proo-riv ■'"n,.a(fe,i or s..I,| is at the ti,„.. of th.. ..x..,m.,„„ ,|„.r,..,f ' '-'• ^\h,•re the property is ,i.uat,. i„ ,|„. l'rov,„.,„,| , ■„„„,,. 500 BIIX8 OP 8AIJ! AND CHATTEL MOBTOAOIW. of IlalU.urton tJu- instrmiu'nt «Iih11 »h' reRistcml in the office of the clerk of the flret divUion court of the provisional county. (:») In the case i.f a county the instrument shall he registered within five days from the exci'Ution then'of. (4) Ii> the cas." of the IVovisional County of Ilalihurlon and of a district the instruni.nt shall Ik- registereil within ten days from the execution thereof. (5^ The clerk shttll tih' the iiwtrumenf and ciidors.- tlitrcoii the time of re<-eivinR it. R.S.O. ml. .-. UH. 8. l.'. ; tl2 V., w-ssinn 2, c. U. 8. i:{. Object of h'ufistrnlioii. The object in vu-w in r.'(|uirinK iv>riHt ration is that all p.r Kons inten-sted in. or desirinkr to nc the bargainor or mortjrairor iifter the sale or inortitHKc b.iiiir considered evirhf •>\-' eome this "presumption, and b.. permitt.-d to retain the prop, i ■ . rtUil earrv on his business; and by which ereditors and ..li.. - having basines.>* with him miu'lif be notili.-d of his tinaneial p - tion. ami of the incuuibnin.Ms upon his property; it I»miii.' manv caws, a great b.inl.ship upon a debtor to be compell. .1 .. deliver pmsi'ssion of ill' v.ry property by whicii he not or! obtains his livelihood, but vviiieh is the very means for 8«tisl> i; / the del)t for which \hr prop.-rty is swurity. He>nstratioii at the eonse((uent publicity giv.i, the transaetimi prevents tji. m ferenee of frami iibove iiiention.d : Helanger v. M.nard. 'Ji •' !' '2W: Cookson v. Swiiv. !• Ap|' (as. ti.VJ. The ob.i(vt of the Act. ac.omplished by a fulfilment ef ' • requirement.s of this .secti(m, therefor... is that the public slmuM have notice of an existinir incund.rance or transf.r of a p.i>.'n s propertv. th.reby proteetim: er.'(iitors and oth.'W interest.-,! :i the property against went eonveyances a!id transf.rs \v " poss«-ssion of the property was not changetl. fl it- THE ONTARIO ACT. 5^n Fiaitdultnt CoHviyanrrs. „f ,t"Vr •m"'""'"'' !""'"' "" i'«tr..,„..„t HI...I i„ pursuance of the Act w.ll. „o,H. the l,.«8. »„. n^„in.,l to shew. « I en calle.I upon so to do. that the transaction was n.acle and ..nfmlTto ... .o.'• of „ eredi.or purclutser or n.ortga.ee. in .oo,l faiM, t..ke posses.,,,... ot the property ,..artu'a.-e,| or sold, the n.ort-" '■'", "• ''"••^"""- "•""•' '" ti'1-.l to an action of replevin or r,;«p«ss agams, any such person: I'ratt v. Harlow. l,i ,j,,.v ^..^. .Johnson V .letrnes. ;fO Mo. 4L'.t; .Morrow v. Turney, .T, .\Ia The n-tainins: of p.»««Mi,ion of ehattels l,v the h.irgainor "... .T a h.ll of sale cannot I.e sai.l to he frau.inlent. wh r ," ....^ runjen has heen duly .v.istered : Melanger v. Me.. M. " <» K. _•()<»: ( ookson v. Sw.r. !l AC. ♦;.">:{. I'!'ii, i,f HigistralKin. The i,wtrum....ts mentio I ahove „re to In- Hied in the offiee ; . :: ih'e IJ^' *t • 'r' -■ ' "•""> - ""-" «'•- ■ . c.t o Tf r ''"• ^■^'■'•" ""• '"■""'•'•»>• '^ '" ""• ti....- of I h V ; . r^'-?™"'"- '^>- »hc Interpretation Act. 7 ' '«• > II. ch. J. see. .. sul.-sec. 12. K SO l«M4,.l, i ,., „ , ■™y-,n„stat,,,einc cs two or n.o.; '^l^'u ji.. ^ 'ii.|>'w.s to which the enactment relates , ? = I ' I I 502 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MOHTOAOES. Regwtration. in compliance with the Act, is equivalent to change of poweiaion. A raortRage, or conveyance, properly reijiatered within the periotl of five daya, relatea hack, operates and takes effect upon, from and after the day of its exifutioii ; section 4. It has been held under a somewhat similar statute, that durin>? a vacancy in the office of the clerk, the tiling it valid when performed l.y any person in charge of the office for the time lieing: Bishop v. Cook. 13 Mark (N.Y.) :r26. /'(7i»if/ of Itmtriimiitts. I'pon receipt of any instrument under the Aet. pre»<'Mte s«rilv constitute filing. Should the clerk receive it with in>*trn, tions not to re»rister it for a few days, there is no Hlin^t witliin the statute, at least until further orders are r.-ceived eone.rniiit.' the instrument (Low v. Pettengill. 12 Nil. VM : w- Koss \ Uiimilton. K.T. :l Vic; Foster v. Smith, l:i I .C.t^.H. 2+!: h. re Ross. :« I'.K :i!'4; Hank of Montreal v. Munro. 2 J I .» ^' I 414; Kerr v. Kins.'y. 15 CCCl*. "»3I ; Trust & Loan v. Cuthl>. i- l:j (Jr. 412): and. the fact of the clerk acting contrHiy • his instruct ion.x, ami einlorsing therein the time of tilim:. of its nreipt hy him. will not cn-ate a filing wilhin the sHiiiit Town V. (iriffith, 17 Nil. 165; Parker v. Palmer. 1:< K.l i Nor will the receipt, out of his office. Iiy the clerk after "V hours, constitute a filin^^ though he emiorst' the hour oi m instruuu'ut lM>iiig handed to him (Hathaway v. Howell. 54 N N !)7); Imt should the elerk U' told to file the instrument m he gets his fee for so doinjr. and without ^'ettin^r it he tilrs !l. document, the filing is i.'oo»l by r.-ason of the presinnptic.n ' • when he . Any jM-rson Ih entitled, u{)«n tenire8 or falls upon a li«)liday (which tenn includes Sunday i the lime .so liniite.i shall e.vtend to and the thing may 1m- intendey him ree«'ived to Im- kept on Hie" (Mouvier'a Law Dictionary) seeiuH to declare the existence of a e unable to file his inorttrage. the day none the less wouhl count against him, and he woidii Im- left to his remedy against the clerk. A \wrHou in charjre of the offie*- on the oeeasion of a vaiiiney, may n-eeiv.' and file a mortgage or other instrument under the statute, an. I it is suppow'd that a person in the office doing the clerk's wt)ik Hilli the clerk 'h authority, would be capable of receiving iiii.l lilinu inKtrumentH under the Act: Mishop v. Cook, l:i Hiiil> NY.) :RJ«; Dotlge v. Potter, 18 Harb. (N.Y.) VXi. Procedvn when Mortgaged Goods are BemoTed. 19. In the event of the permanent removal of the goodK ;iri I chattels fritm tlie county, provisional county or diKtri<'t in ulii. n the giKKls and chattels were at the time of the exiHMition of t! mortgage, to another county, provisional county or district. I ■ fore the payment anti discharge of the mortgage, a copy of li • mortgage, and of the affidavitji, ilocuments. instruments .H'l statementH relating thiTelo. efrtiHe.-> .hHl) K. nm\ with th. pro„..r offloor «. mentiom-.l i,, *...fi„„ h of tb,. .ounty. provi«ion«l county or diatriet to whid, tlu- k,k.U «.Kl chattrL. are removed withi.. two moLtha fm.n ««..», n v„| otherw«e the ...ortgHge .hall he null and void hh againat ere.Iitor^ i.{ the inortKagor and » «K„i„«t aul«e.,uent purehiusi-ra and .nort- iraKeea in (joo■ "•.•.;■ W.I1 if valid there. 1.,. ..„f„r, j „„,., ^i " '■....ntry although not -xeeuted or record..! „eeordin« to the I.HV of the atter. Thin rule h,.s 1 „ „pp|i,,, ,„ „ «,..„'„,"„; .-• -ses of chattel ...„rt...K...H where the ..H.rt Jgor Zo .. «;••' tlH' property into another state, continuin.f i^. pol" ^ ..pen.naHd.lehy the law of the former un.ler ,.ire.' .nHtam: "'•",'""' •"' '""rtga^e I „ ...xccu(e.l in the laffrr state hv a .•s.den, there.n. wouM have made it invalid an agains cr di t".H o,. ptirehaaers: Kecnan v. Stiiason. .Jl All, 1.4 ll,s ri... intention of this section douhtlesa is to protect pnr- "si„.t apply. i .- I 4 )i • t 1 ! M M 1 I 5m BII.M or AXUt AND ClUTTKk UUKTUAOEK. ('ochrane v. Moucher, i O.H. 462. It Aon not follow that the ■ection will not apply no long an the mortfrag«>«> ia ignoront of thp ivmoval: flarkf v. Ilatwi. 21 I'.C.C.P. :M«. Ami when a puri'haat'i- of the inortgaKed irowla from the mortfrairor iluring the eurrency of a valid inortgaKe n-inov.-a them out of the eounty wlure the morttrage ia tihil. the purchaaiT cannot object that the inortiTHtfee ahouUI have n>«lee foun A.R. (Ont.) 44!t. The Act (lot-a not cover the car H-rititiK* niHrk.>.l 'H " hereto •ttacheil are true an«i correct copi.-a of the renewal („r Haxiffn- riietit a, th. ,a», may br) of the iwi.l inortRMtfe fl|,..l a. afonaaiil with all eniiieiit8 thereon, an.! of all affldavita. )rtafiiieiitN tJocum.i,f,<. and inatrutnenta n-latinit thereto, which aai.l pHiwr writmipi inarkcl 'H" were nH|>e,-tivel.v file.l in the offl,^- of the aaiil Court aa followa {h,n M,t „ut th, dnUn of fili„,j and Ihf nurnhim a»d othir »p,rifi,alioH» of ra,h dm'um,»t\\, and that there are no other affl.lavita, .locumenta. JUMtniin.-ntH or other imper. relafnitf to the aaid niortgajf.' Wl.-.l in the offi..,- of the iwici Court. Witn.-aa my hand and the n.-hI of wiid Court this- of— l!t--. day \rourt Sral] C.C.C. Thia eertifleat.. niuat Im' alRne.! hy the el.rlc. and h«v.. the Mfll of the Court attached to it. ComiHilalion of Timi . \iy the Interpretation Act the word •nionth" huh a ealendar month: 7 Kdw. VII. (Ont.) eh. 2. aee. 7(l.-)i; R.S.o. I!n4. eh. 1. "Within" two mouths exclud.-s in computation either the Hrat or laat day. If the removal is made on the tw'"' "f January, the certified ..opiea of the mortK«Ke with the affldavita. etc.. will la. pro|H-rly Hied on the tenth dav of Man-h lolJowiUK. The time ia to la- compiitisl from the .«av upon whieli the removal la made from the county, an.l pn-aumahlv the date when the chatfela paaa the boundary line ia the date of the removal then'of. and not neceaaarily the date when th.- removal look place from their location within the county. liilh of SaU not Imhidfd. The aection do<-a not ap|)ly to hilla of aale under 8.Ttion H "t the Act. hut woul.l apply to a hill of aale n.,.. convevaneei "Inch although altaolute in form waa intended to operate aa a ""ortuap'. and which by w-c. 2 of the Act ia a mortirage for the l>iirpo8ea of the Act. •i I i fi It • in 'I i MlOIOCOnf MSOWTION TBT CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2) I.I Ki |2£ ■15 US, ■— ■■■ lit iSm M22 ■ 20 l£ 1.4 11.6 J APPL IED IM/1GE In '6^3 Eost Mam Street Rochester. N«» Vorh '4609 uS* (716) 482 - 0300 - Phone (716) 2B8- 5989 - Fox 508 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. Siihscqiirnt Purchasfr. The "suhseqiu'iit purchaser" in such case must be one who purchased after the expiration of the period allowed for re- re!?istration, and will be valid as ajyaiast a purchase umde within such period: Hulbert v. Peterson. 36 CaiL S.C.R. 324; Roper V. Scott. 16 Man. L.R. 594. Renewals. As for renewals of mortgages in case of a permanent re- moval of goods under this section, sec sub-sees. 2 and 3 of sec. 21 of this Act. Manner of Begistration. 20. The Clerk shall number every instrument or cop.v filed in his office, and shall enter in alphalwtical order in a book to be provided by him the names of all the parties thereto, with the number indorsed thereon opposite to each name, and such entry shall be repeated alphabetically under the name of every party thereto. R.S.O. 18!)7, e. 148, s. 16. Duties of Reijisttrinn Officd: It is very important that the clerk should carefully follow out the instructions as to the manner of registration, pointed out by this si^ctioii : Hundley v. Howe, 22 Me. 560 ; Holmes v. Sprowl, 31 Me.. 73. Negligence, or dereliction of duty on the clerk's part in indexinj; a duly filed instrument, will not. how- ever, pre.judice a person setting up an instrument, if he has done all that the Act requires him to do in relatipn to such in- strument. See .lost V. McCuish, 25 X.S.R. 519. Hut since a compliance with this section furnishes the meaius by which thosi' desiring information are affected with notice, it would be a disadvantageous position for a mortgagee or hargainw to be claiming as valid an instrument apparently wantinsr in rejris tratioii through some neglect of the clerk, as against othci-s interested in the property without notice. Sections 18 and 32 which also contain instructions for tlif clerk's guidance should be read together with this section. His first duty, when an ins^truinent is pres«>nted to him for regis tration, is to endorse thereon the time of receiving the siiiii' . and then to number it. The instruments should be numberi'. (3) Where the two months mentioned in section 19 have not expired when the period of one year mentioned in sub-section 1 expires and a certified copy of the mortgage has not been regis- tered as provided by section 19, the statement and affidavit may be registered in the office in which the mortgage was registered. (4) If any bond fide error or mistake Ls made in the state- ment, either by the omission to give any credit or by any miscal- culation in the computation of interest or otherwise, the state- ment and the mortgage therein referred to shall not be invali- diited if the mortgagee, his executors, administrators or assigns within two weeks after the discovery of the error or mistake registers an ainendetl statement and affidavit referring to the former statement and clearly pointing out the error or mistake therein and correcting the same. (5) If before the registration of such amended statement and affidavit any creditor or purchaser or mortgagee in gooil faith for valuable consideration has made any bom fide advance of money or given any valuable consideration to the mortgagor, or has incurred any cc«ts in proceedings taken on the faith of tlie amount due on the mortgage being as stated in the renewal statement and affidavit as first registered, the mortgage as to the ainoiint so advanced or the valuable consideration given or costs incurred by such creditor, purchaser or mortgagee, shall, as against such creditor, purchaser or mortgagee, stand good only for the amount mentioned in the renewal statement and affidavit first registered. R.S.O. 1897, c. 148, s. 19. (6) The statement and affidavit shall he deemed one instru- ment, and shall be registered and entered as provided by section 20. R.S.O. 1897, c. 148, s. 20. (7) Another statement in accordance with the provisions of sub-section 1, verified as re : ■ 1 ■ ;• -: ''\ 1 'i'^ m \ ■ ''ly '' ! J - ■ ■■lis :1^ ■■.':!, pH ^ ' -; ■ '.'f^ ■ i -- i 512 BILLS OP SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. Jarvis. 9 I'.r.CP. lofi) ; and furthermore to make void as against subsequent purchasers, etc., a luortRafte not renewed at the end of the year; the intention, in both castas, being to pre- vent intendin^r purchasers being ini.sled at the time of their purchase: Burton, J. A.. Hoilgins v. Johnston, 5 A.R. (Ont.) 4.")7. The intention of the Act is to give reasonable information to those who deal with person.s who have executed hills of sale, but not to operate as a mere trap for those who advance money on such securities: Ex parte Popplewell, 21 Ch. D. 73, 80. Should the result of a search be to find a mortgage, but that such mortgage had not l)een renewed in accordance with the requirements of this section, then the party so searching would l)e at lilieity to deal with the mortgagor without any risk of his interests being subject to those of the mortgape<>. linifwal of Mortgages. Ry "every mortgage, registered in pursuance of the Act," is meant only such mortgages as. in the first instance, were valid and subsisting securities under the Act. Renewing under this section will not have the effect of making an invalid mort- gage valid, any more than a compliance with the Act, in the beginning, will make a bad mortgage good. Refiling a mort- gage made under section 6, to secure the mortgagee ajrainst liability on his endorsements, will be inoperative, when the notes or their renewals, have not matured within a year from the date of the mortgage. Although there is an express prohibition against mortgages under section 6 given for future advances or to .secure endorsers or sureties when the time for repevincnt is more than one year from the date of the mortgage, there is no such limit express or implied as regards a chattel mortgage given to secure a dflit under section 5. and the fact that this section req\iires a "ro- newal" at the end of the year is no indication that the debt should have then matured: Kerry v. James, 21 A.R. (Oiil.l .338: O'Neill v. Small, 15 C.L.J. li4, overruled. Where it is intended that a mortgage to secure a lii'lit should not require renewal, but should be paid off at iibout the time the original registration would expire, it is a i-t none the l,«s imperative thaf ?he ins ru ment should be renewed; an.l an assignee who neg ects "o do so will be deferred to creditors and to purchased o^ 1^ KH^-es ,n good faith subsequent to the time for rrnTwal of t^e' ...?^ ^^;'£yn;^n J'n^X l^cT 7t ^ f'-'T :;naotn.nt of 57 Vict. (1804).'ch. 37, L^4V(th!'present^t o'! -i) It was not necessary if poss<'.ssion were taken of tiu^lZ^ T ;-tgaged by the mortga^l within the year a /s S f ht the mortgagee should refile hi.s mortgage (Ross v. Elliott 1 l'^Vis^59 '• iTu"- '"'.'''•:• '^ ^"^ '^''-^ J^"*^" ''■ Wilbur, > IS .io9) , but It IS now doubtful if such is the law Section -< would seem to be wide enough in its terms to pment am ■ion h,.ing effective to retain it« validity A bill of sale in form intended as security for a debt •,.„» ^Miijiirio'i-c:^,;^,;""""^ '^^ ^^'^'^^^'^ ^^^^^-»"> - '"ortgagees, to refile a mortgasre between the oris:i„al filing ■'■'— B'I.I.S OF SALE. ' ' «. i i •! 514 BILLS or SALE AND CHATTEL MOBTGAOES. t. ; and the time prescrUwd for refiling: Hodgins v. Johnston, ."> A.R. (Ont.) 449; Latimer v. Wheeler, 30 Barb. (N.Y.) 485; Dillingham v. Ladue. 35 Barb. (N.Y.) 38. It is against "creditors and subsequent purchasers and mortgagees in (food faith for valuable consideration," that the refiling is necessary, and the word "subsequent" has b«'en held to apply only to purchasers, etc., becoming such after the time when the mortgage should Imj refiled in order to pres<»rve ifs validity: Hotlgins v. Johnston, supra; see Thompson v. Van- Vechten, 27 (N.Y.) 568; Latimer v. Wheeler, 30 Barb. (N.Y.) 485; Meech v. Patchin, 14 N.Y. 71. It is not necessary to comply with the statute as to refil- ing in order to continue a mortgagee's right of action against a creditor, who, before the expiration of the year from tin- original filing, and while the mortgage was still in force, seizes the property in such a manner as to malce him a trespasser; the rights of the parties are fixed by the taking, and are to W determined as they are at the beginning of the suit: (!ase v. Jewett, 13 Wis. 557; Newman v. Tymeson, 12 Wis. 498; Otis V. Sill, 8 Barb. (N.Y.) 102. If a mortgagee has a cause of action, nothing but a release will depriw him of it, and if his mortgatjf expires as to creditors and purchasers one day after his piglit of action vesta in him, he need not renew the mortgage by r.'- filing, in ortlt'r to maintain such right. Cnditors and Subsequent Purchasers. The statute does not enact that the mortgage becomes null and void from its inception, but simply that it expires, an I then, when it expires, the statute opens the door to the ditl'ir ent persons protected by the .statute. Though a mortgaL" v fail to renew his mortgage, it does not, on that account, beeom. absolutely void as against creditors. He might still take pov session and sell the property, if at the moment when the sal' takes place the mortgagor has no creditors, and if he sells to another person taking from the other a mortgage for the full amount of the purchase money, the taking possession and sill ing is none the less valid on that account: Cookson v. Swirf. !• App. Cas. 653. The words "creditors," "purchasers," ft . mean creditors, purchasers, etc., of the person making the nu.rt- gagi-. hence, where a mortgage is satisfied quoad the gotwls, lln' mortgage cannot be properly refiled, though the mortgagor n - THE ONTARKI ACT. r.ir. tiTi '"r^"*T '^"*' *'"■ >''^' "»'"tion.M in he' . ort the. bu. pu.hasj'orfHT;o:j;?H^rr ::: • 'rr: ZZ bill o?Ji.T/h"' "^ "''''''"** ♦''^ '"°'^'^««°'-' ^hero should hill «f . 1 ^* *^^ •^'^•'' ""'■ '" ♦he event of there being a l»lt.-e. then th,. pu„,ha»r. or .. lh/l,ttor Ihm wont, I. h U We haw seen that it is onlv as nimin.f *i, tioned in the statute that the ,n^rtX u^'/t Z'T "'"T hence it is that a landlord a^inst .hZan "ct In o/irp^ .s brought 1,^- a mort,.ajree for distraining upon th "po«t LTh A creditor can take advantage of a n.-L'Ieet tn ~.«i Hotlpins V. Johnston. 5 AR (Ont ) 440- tu^ Vr Veehten 27 IMV f:fifl\ ^ i- t ■ ' Thompson v. Van- mortgage ha« not been refiled: Edwards v. Ed^nls 2 Ch |, ot the statute, be such a purchaser or mortgagee in good fait 1. YiLa If he purchased, or became mortgagee with fTnnti 1 'l>'nng the existence of a prior valid Lrtl^r' T f^reto, or before any defauU on th p^rtoTl ;ril;"mm nin. 14 N.Y 71; Sanger v. Eastwood. 19 Wend (VY) -,14- ! t ' I i ! i 1 If. - V Mi n m 516 BIUJ4 OP H.\I.B AND CHATTFL MORTOAOES. mort(if«ffe or WU of sale void ab initio from Bome defect, but of whk'h mortKHK*' notiw by registration is duly given: Moffatt V. Coulson. 1!) r.C.Q.H. Ml. In the cwie of a sub^quenf pur- chaser or mortgagee becoming such during the existence of n prior valid mortgajre. the mortgage waa perfectly good when the 8ub»«»quent transactions WTre had, whilst in the former case, the prior mortgage would have been invalid from the beginning. In the latter case the subsequent purchaser or mortgagee would be such in bad faith, and hence could not be heard to advance the abtence of renewal of the mortgage to his own l)enefif : Hod- ginn V. Johnston, 5 A.R. (Ont.) 449. The constniction to be placed upon the word "subsequent" is that it applies only to purchasers or mortgagt't's becoming such after the time when tlif mortgage should, in order to preserve its validity, be renewed : Burton, J. A., Ilotlgins v. Johnston, '» A.R. (Ont.), at p. 455. Rut a purchaM'r after the expiration of the year procures a title paramount to the uiortgagee, if the mortgage be not refiled, and this is so as well in the case of a purchase from the mortgagor as from his vendee, his executor, and in some eawH his widow: Meech v. Patchin, 14 N.Y. 71; Fox v. Burns. 12 Barb, (ill : Joni* v. Howell, 3 Rob. N.Y. 4:i8. It sometimes Imp- pens that by taking a second mortgage in lieu of a former oiu' which be neglects to renew, a mortgagee waives his right, as wiis the case in Courtis v. Webb. 25 T.C.Q.B. 576, where E. mort- sriiged :i horse with other property to the defendant in Ai.ril. 1864, and the mortgage contained a proviso that, if he shnuKI attempt to dispose of the property, the defendant might tiik.' I)Oss.-««ion and sell. K. disposed of the horse to the plaint ilV within a few weeks. This mortgage was not refiled. but th.' defendant took another in which the horse was includeil, in February. 1865. for t .- same money with other advances. In July, having first discovered the sale, he seized under the pro- viso, iuid it was heUl. that having neglected to refile the mort- gage and taken another, he had lost his right to s«Mze. Tim< for Rrnrwal. The mortgage shall cease to be valid after one war from the filing thereof, not from the date thereof, and. if a nioii- gagee wants to maintain his prior security he must refile a stat' - ment exhibiting the interest of the mortgarv?. and an atTiilavit subKtantiating such statement from year to year, havinir wiili- THE UNTAKIO ACT. 517 . '!'*'♦', ^'"''*".' '"»>' be fll,.,| on th,. Hnnivmrv ,lav of th. ordinal fll.ng.f the hour of fiIi„K ♦h. r.-n.-.a! il .ar ier t.I thai of fh.. oHKinal filing (Thompaon v. (^uirk. IH Can S(' J .. afflr.„i„K 1 X.W.T.H., part 1. p. 88), J a , ^ . "t m e^sary for th. cl.H,.sion of that cw. the opinion waa -x^ -a^" hy l'att..n,on. J., that the day of the original «lin« ahoul.na al o^..ther exc u.le.t in the con.putation, and that the ..or^^l,;. Hut there will he no n.^.^sity for renewing a niortmiffe Htter the tune when the debt for whieh it waa g-fven irimfml .y the Statute of Limitationa. At leaat, a eo„u.lia.L w h he statute. „. p<.no»] is literally the same as sec. 18, R.S.O. 1897. eh. 148. which was !'", p ^'«f «'«" i" the above ca«e of McCann v. Martin 1.^ latter Act the word -'registration" is sulKstitut.'d in the pr..s..Mt In Arm.strong v. Ausman, 11 r.C.Q.M. 498 a chattel mort- gage was filed May 15, 1852, and the refiling on May 14 ISVJ wa.s held to he clearly in time, the Court su^-g.-stin^- that thJ yea. commenced either at midnight, the beginning of the .lav wh.n filed, or at the hour of the particular dav wh... it is n^- OK ham: ani> ciiattei, moh. ,aoi». pmlitoM, »'tc'.. if othi'rwiie n-Kularly n-m'Wt-il, becauw a ri>- iii'wal wt^fcmcnt, inHile and vt-riflfd by tho inortKaJTfe bt-foru an aamKiinient by him of the inort»raKi', in not filed until after auf!h aMNignment: Daniel v. Daniel, 2!» O.K. 493. The wtatute requires that the reHlinK ahall take plaw 'with- in ♦hirty days" next preeediuK the expiration of the \far; where, thcrefon', a mortgajp- of personal property was ri'tllwi with the county elerk, forty -seven dayit before the expiration of a year from the tlrst tilinjr, it was held insufficient: Heaty v. Fowler, 10 U.C.y.H. :W2; Newell v. Warner, 44 Harb. (NY.) 258; Biteler v. Hahlwin. M Alb. L.J. 47H; National Bank v. Sprajfue, 2i) N.J. Eq. I'J. The thirty days is to be reekonetl back from a .war from the Hiing of the mortKHge, not from the dat<' of the instrument, and the thirty dayw is to bv next pn"- eeding the expiration, not next pn-ceding the day of the ex- piration of the year. It ha* not yet Invn decided what the ctTiTt is of retilin^' ii mortgage within the proper time on an affidavit, verifying' the statement, sworn to more than thirty days before the expiration of the year; but it is strongly advis- able to have the affidavit made as nearly as possible to the day when it is tiled, in order more clearly to meet the wording' of the statute, in shewing the amount still due: Griffin v. Me- Ken/ie. 4H r.C.y.H. !•:!. The statute n'quin* the clerk to endorse upon the mort- gage the time of its filing; hence, in computing time runnini: from the act of tiling, a fraction of a day will be considerei! MeMartin v. McDougall, 10 T.C.Q.B. 399; Pugh v. Duke oi Leeds, 2 Cowp. 720; Ke Sheriff of Newcastle, Drap K.H. Rep. .-)03: Bcekman v. Jarvis, 3 T.CQ.B. 280; Seamen v. Eager. Hi Ohio 209; CamplM'll v. Strangeways, 3 C.P.D. 105; Commercial Steamship Co. v. lioulton, L.K. 10 Q.B. 346. The n'filing is nujratory if done either before the thirty days begin to run. or after their expiration: Newell v. Warner. 44*B.rb. (N.Y.) 258. h'lncwal Statcmtnt and Affidavit. This statute require.s two things. (i) A statement exhibiting the interest of the mortgagee a the property claimed by virtue thereof, and a full statemeht of the amount still due for principal and interest then'on. iuii of all paynK-nts made on account thereof. t !i Tllfc IINTAKIO ACT. .•»I!> (II) An sffl.Javit, ntHtiiii; thHt nuiIi iit> riieiit ia tni.- and that the Mid inortiraRe haa not Ihcii kept on toot for anv fraud, uh'nt pnrpow-: O'l' illoran v. MilU, 12 I'.C.l'.P. 46") The ex- pri-HHiona "k.-pt on foot" and • k.|)t nVm-" ha v.- Ix^-n h.-ld to iiH'Hn the nanif thin»?; Hopcr v. Scott, 1»» Man LH .VI4 41 C.LJ. 37.'i The atateinent exhihitinjr the inf.reMt of the inortjraK.v in the prop^'Hy. n-qiiired on renew,. I of h inortirajfe. rnuxt ho poaitive and dintinet aa to that inten-Ht. It Nhouhl ^ive nueh pirciac infonnation of th.' anioiint still due aa to enahle .rther erediiora. or peraoiw, to judjfe how far it would be siif.. or prudent to giw eredlt to the iiiortpiiror: Theviot v. Princ.. 1 Kdm. 8el. fas. 21!». The atateinent In inten(h-.l and interest: Reynolds v. Williamson. 2.') r.C.C.P. 49. If made in good faith, with n'asonable care, and if it be s.ibstantially correct a- d accurate, the statute will have h-m .nr.ipiied with (Beers v. Waterbury, 8 Bosw. (\.Y.) 396), and ■1 failure to give credit for $2,00 upon a debt of sevcrnlhuii- Ir.d. will not \itiate the n'filing: Patterson v. (Jillis. 114 Barb. "I 1 i i - ,: (• ': I i ! I I 1 520 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MOBTOAGES. (X.Y.) r.G3. What is iit'Cf.ssary is that the statement should notify creditor of the amount of the mortgagee's claim: Miller V. Jones, 15 N. Bank R. 150. The statute appears to require something more than a mere account. The statement should refer to the time of filing: Fraser v. Bank of Toronto, 19 I'.C. Q.B. H81. A statement filed on a renewal of a mortgage, whilst not affeetinff the mortgage as to the amount claimed i)etwe<'n the original i)arties to the instrument, is yet binding upon the mortfjagee in favour of all those whom it is the design of thf Act to protect, and who have dealt upon the faith of such state ment, and against them the mortgagee cannot afterwards claim any greater sum than is contained in the statement : Beers v. Waterbury, 8 Bosw. (X.Y.) 96. It often happens that the state- ment, standing alone, does not satisfy the statute; but, when assisted by the affidavit, and read in conjunction with it, the two together contain all that he statute calls for. It fonneriy was the law that however fully the affidavit supplied deficien- cies in the statement, the statute was not c»mplied with if the statement itself did not contain the necessary information. It was said in O'Halloran v. Sills, 12 r.C.C.P. 4H5, "that the mort gagee JiaN no more rijfht to transfer a part of what should bf in the statement to the affidavit than he would have to transfer to the statement the portion of the affidavit that the mortgage has not been kept on foot for any fraudulent purpose, and then make affidavit simply that the statements are true." This w.is followed in Saulter v. Oarruthers, 9 U.C.L.J. 158. and Iljif; arty. (".J., in Reynolds v. Williamson. 25 U.C.C.P. 49. reeo^r- nized O'Halloran v. Sills, supra, as an authority that assist- ance could not be had from the affidavit to supply defeet.s in the statement. In Walker v. Xiles, 18 Gr. 210. Mowat, V.-C. expressed a different opinion, and the later decisions have es- tablished a rule directly opposed to that laid down in 'Hallo ran v. Sills. The rule is now established thart the statement ami affidavit, when they refer to each other and are meant to l)e riMii together, can be so read, and that, if together, they contain the particulars n>(|uin'(l by the statute, the renewal is snfti cient: Barber v. Maughan. 42 U.C'.Q.B. 134; Sloan v. Maughaii. •3 A.R. ,'Ont.) 222: Beers v. Watt-rbury, 8 Bosw. (N.Y.) 96. li- the affidavit follows the terms of the statute, and if it and tin statement, when read tog«'ther in the sense in which they wowli be understood by ordinary English-speaking business men, eoi; THE ONTARIO ACT. 521 the mortgage, and that a crtain sum remains due for princioa^ Kpit auoss, C.J.A., lu Sloan v. Mauehan 3 A R it^^* \ 227: see Bmlriek v. Scale, LR 6 C P ' 08 L^ tV"* •"• T, R T nn 1-- nr -^ • '"'! Jones v. Harris L.R , Q^B. ].„ ; Murray v. Mackenzie, L.R. 10 C P 625- K' kard V. Hretz, 5 H. & N; 9; Hanhur>- v. White 2U & C io' Ha ton v^ English. 7 E. & B. 94), and no«-, I, sub i^c 6 of t^d section, the statement ^d affidavit shall b; cimned one instn men which would seem to confirm the latter dec s ions Chnstm V. Christin. 1 O.L.R. 6:U. .37 CL J Si hold, fh.f a renewal statement, filed by a chattel mort.!^; and no «..-ned by h.m. hut on the back of which an affidaWt .appea.;d ?"lr T':^ '"' "^"°'-" '' "^y *>''"• -'i which referred to t.^t.on to include them a. one paper is ev^den t'^'^St eet J Tn U.m ,u V. Christin supra, said: - There has been an a tip" to follow too savishly the form of the statute, hut I think X r.^qu.renu.nts of the statute have In^n sufficient v complied wUh and that the amount remaining due could be calculZl bv anv I-rsou with the material supplied by the statement. ' ' * Mortgage f's Affidavit. The affidavit can be made by any of the following :- (i) By the mortgagee (sw. 21 (])). (li) By one of several mortgagees (sec. 12 (1)). (iii) By the assignee of the mortgagei> (sec. 14). (iv) By the agent of the mortgagee (sec. 12 (1)). (v) By the agent of several mortgagees (Ibid.) (vi) By any next of kin. e>cecutor or administrator of a 'ieecased mortgagee (.sec. 14). assiinee ofV"' T""' "''.'''"' """■ °'"' "'' "dministrator of anv assigue.> ot a mortgagee (sees. 14 .uu 21 (8)). iviii^ By the officer or agent of a corporation (sec. 12 (2)). 1 1 522 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL M(»TQAaES. Under the abov o sections, an agent has power to take a mort- gage, as HvU as the power to renew one. His authority should be purposely to renew, and the authority must be in writing, and be filed with the renewal statement. An authority to take a mortgage may not be an authority to renew it. It would ap- pear reasonable, however, that power to take included power to renew, especially when renewal became necessary to preserve the right'; of the principal; but section 15 refers to an auth- ority to toke and renew in a manner seeming to imply that the latter is not included in the former. Section 12 expressly pro- vides that the affidavit of the agent shall state that the deponent Ls aware of all the circumstances connected with the mortgage, and has personal knowledge of the facts deposed to. Assfignces' Renewals. In addition to all other papers, there must be tiled the dMsignment, or the several ii&signments, as the case may be, through which the assignee claims (sub-sec. 8, of sec. 21). The time when such assignment, or several assignments, luust l)e filed, is at the time of refiling of the mortgage, or at any time prior thereto. The original assignment, or assignments, must be filed, and ilie assignee has no option, when renewing a mortgage, of filing copies thereof. The proof necessary to register the assignment is an affidavit of execution by a subscribing witness, as pro- vided by .sub-sec. 4 of sec. 29, infra. When the affidavit for re- newal is made by a next of kin, executor or administrator, tlnii the capacity in which the deponent refill's the mortgage ouglil tn appear in the affidavit, in onler that the public may be in- formed thereupon. Sub-section 9 as to renewal by an assignee for creditors, confirms the prior decision of the Court of Appeal in Flemin.i,' v. Ryan, 21 A.H. (Ont.) 39, 30 C.L.J. 82. Validity of Affidavits. It is no objection that the affidavit made on one day statw the amount due for interest at what it would be on a future day, the day of refiling. The Act is complied with, where no fraud is intended, though the amount due is, by inadverteiico stated at a few shillings too much, or the statement includes a trifling sum which the mortgagee had no right to charge; H. im THE ONTARKI ACT. :)2:J through a mistake of this kind the Court will not hold the ob- ject of refiling dofeated, and the security lost; Fraser v. Bank of Toronto, 19 U.C.Q.B. 381; Patterson v. Oillis, 64 Barb. (N.Y.) 563. The affidavit must aver that the statements are "true." The substitution of The words "correct." "accounts," "exact," for the word "true," is a fatal objection: Rcvnohis v. Williamson, 25 TT.C.C.P. 49. There is safety in keeping to the words of the statute, for though it may be difficult to point out what difference in substance there may be between the mean- ing of the words, yet the omission, or chan CIIATTEIi MORT(IA«ES. tioii is liiri'ctod to the difTtTi'iico in InitKuajrt' in this section and section 7 where the wonis arc "shall be ai)8olutcl,v null anil void." The time when the 8<>con(l renewal must be tiled is within thirty days next preceding the expiration ol" one yt -o- 1 the day of filing the first rtnjcwal ; the thin! renewal vvituin the same time from the day of filing the second, and so on. Statin;! the Paynunfs in th( Urnrwal Statfmrnt. In the case of Kerr v. Hoberts, :V.\ C.L.J. 69.'), Ketchuni, Co.J., held that every statement made in the renewal "f a chattel mort- gage must shew all payments made on account of the mortjjiijre since the date of the mortgage. It is not sufficient to state only the payments in the year to which the statement refers. A ditVereiit rule, however, had been laid down in t'hristin v. Christin, 1 O.L.K. ti:{4, to th,- ett'ect that the statement of pay- ments made need not set forth in detail the date and amount of each payment, but only the total sum paid. Ilencc, where the statement set forth "that no payments have been made upon the siud mortgage;" but it clearly shewed that payment of a certain sum had been made on account of interest, and no other payments, it was held, that the statute had been sufficiently com- plied with. The ease of Rogers v. Marshall, 7 O.L.K. 'ifll, .sixci ally referring to Christin v. Christin, supra, and overnilinu' Kerr v. RolH'rts, snpra, held tnat successive n-newal statement. s of a chattel mortgage need not shew all the credits on accoun! of the mortgage; it is sufficient if each .statement contains tli< payments made since the last renewal. Alteration of County or District Bonndaries. 22. Where a new county or district is formed, or territory Is added to a county or district, every mortgage which uiui. r the provisiom ' this Act would otherwise re»(uire to 1m" iv newed in th y or district of which the territory foriiiiin! or added to the new county or district was part, shall be renewni in the office of the proper officer of the county or district >> formed or to which such territory is added, and upon such i- uewal a copy of the mortgage, certified under the hand of tli- officer in whose office it was registered and the seal of the couir. THE ONTAKIO ACT. 525 shall I)., regwtered with th.; n-n.-wal «tatement and affidavit B.S.O. 1897, c. 148, s. :«. Snbseqnent Taking of Foiieuion. 23. A mortRage or sal.- ,i,.clHr..Ml by this Act to he void or whidi under 'he provisio.w of s...-ti..n 21 has (.Pfus...! to ho valid as against creditors and 8uhse<|.i..nt purchasers or mortgagees shall not by the subsequent taking of posw-ssion of the goods and chattels inortgagwl or sold by the n.ortgagee or bargainee be thereby made valid as agaiiwt persons who becatiu- creditors, purchasers, or mortgagees before such taking of ix.ssession' R.S.O. 1897, c. 148, s. 40. Subsequent Possession. This section, of course, refers to the subsequent taking of possession ot the mortgaged chattels in the event the mortgage ceases to be valid for want of n-newal. In Marthinson v Pat- terson. 19 A.R. (Ont.) 188, the Court of Appe«l held' that taking possession does not make good a defective chattel mort- g«ire as against a subsequent vali.ily regisfred bond fid, chattel ...ort-age which existed at the time posses.sion vas taken but under which no default had occurred. Where the mortgagee took posse.s.sion of goods rightfullv as against the mortgagor and before th." civditors ha.l obtained .lu.igment or execution, but after they became simple contract '•reditors, the taking of pos.se.ssioii d«-s not make the morfage valid as against them: Wood v. Hrunt. :}2 CLJ 77r, tmr Ket ;lium. Co.J.), follov.ing Clarkson v. MeMaster. 2.1 Can .S ( R *•); see note to sec. 2, of this Act. .s(//)»-a. The 8.-izure of mortgaged chattels by the mortgagee s baiiitV alter the time within which to tile a renewal had expired but I'-aving them in the po.s.se.ssion of the mortgagors son who resided on the same premi-ses. .loes not constitute .such a takin- o [;~0" as^i^ required by the statute: Ilea ton v. Flood: -.' U.K. 8(, .}4 C.L.J. ..0. In any event, the act of takinsr pos- s.ss,on after the time for renewal has expired, must amount to |- new del, very or new transfer by the mortgagor: pu- Men.iith. ' ■•).. and. i i i'i i \ i i :ill ' t \ f 526 BII.I-S OK SAI.K AM> {IIATTKI. MOBTtiAClKS. Xortpve* to Secure Bonds, etc.. of Corporations. 24. (1) In the case of a iiiortKati^! of floods and chattel* made by any incorporated company to a bondholder, or to a trustee, for the purpose of securing the bonds or debentures of sueh com- pany, it shall be sufficient if the affidavit of bona fides is to the effect that the mortgage was executed in good faith and for the express purpose of securing the payment of the bonds or deben- tures referred to therein, and not for the purpose of protecting the goods and chattels mentioned therein against the creditors of the mortjragors, or of preventing the creditors of such mort- gagors from ol)taining payment of any claim against them. R.S.O. 1897, e. 148, s. 23(1) ; 4 Edw. VII. c. 10, s. 36. (21 Where the head office of the company is not within Ontario, the i^^ortgage may be registered within thirty days in- stead of five days, as provided by section 18. (3) Any such mortgage may be renewed in the manner and with the effect provided by section 21 by the filing of a state- ment by the mortgagee or one of the mortgagees exhibiting the interest of the mortgagee or mortgagees in the property claimed by virtue of the mortgage, and shewing the amount of the bond or debenture debt which the same was ra^^ade to secure, and shewing all payments on account thereof which to the best of tin' information and belief of the person making such statement, have been made, or of which lie is aware or has been informed, together with an affidavit of the person making such statement, that the statement is true to tlie best of Ids knowledge, inforinii tion and l)elirf, and that the mortgage has not been kept on foot for aiiy fraudulent purpose, and such statement shall ht< filed instead of the statement required by section 21. (4) Where the mortgage is made as a security for debentures and the by-law authorizing the issue of the debent\ires, a.s a .security for which the mortgage was made, or a copy thercuf. certified under the hand of the president or vice-president ami secretary of the company and verified by an 'affidavit therct'' attached or endorsed thereon, and having the corporate seal at I. i THE ONTAKIO ACT. 527 necessaiy to renew the mortgage, but the name shall in such rrZvl^:^^---^'^-^-------ene.ea;t (5) The next preceding sub-seetion shall applv to everv such mortgage mad« and registered after the 5th day of m7 894. uut nothmg herein shall affect any accrued rights or ^y ht.gat.on pending on the 13th day of April, 1897. R S O is" e. 148, s. 23 (2-6). "•^s-'J. isa?. Chattel Mortgage to Trustee for Bondholders theT^ree'triTs:;:; tJaTr '" ''- '^''^"*"-^ •'°'^'-' truly indebted to hZ Z .1 company was justly and the nature of „ J /. V"'" *°'*' °^ ^^' debentures; for debtr: t oT;'?esp;;t:f h°o?i'^'^"^^" ;^ ^^-^^ '^^ •- amount respectively allolK each '^" ""'"''"'^"•^' '"^^ ''^^ clebfedniT'! ^°™'"°"'>' . "'"^-^^ «« acknowledgment of in- fpvvu AK • ol acknowledges it, is a "debenture" J^cvy V. Abercoms, 37 Ch D 260 ueuemure . f i in i :•[ I i ^ I l< * ' r 5:» BILLS OF SALE AND CILVTTEL HORTOAOES. A bo D.L.R. 459; Johns ju v. Wade. 17 O.L.R. iTL'. .specially considered: Re London Pres8«'d Hinge Co., [19(ir)| 1 Ch. 576, speeiall.v referred to. TUE ONTARIO ACT. 529 Koptftge of Bailway Boiling Stook. M- (1) In the case of a mortgage ^curing bonds n.n.le bv .n ancorporated company on rolling stock owned by i,, it ...'^ be sufficient for the purposes of thU Act if the n.ortgag „ a oopy thereof and the affidavit in sub^tion 1 «f the noxt 1 ceding section referred to 1. filed in the office of the IVovind i Secretao. within the time limited by this Act for n-gist.-r ,« (2) The office of the Provincial Secretary shnll b,- th. place for filing the renewal statements of any such ,„ortg..gc of rolling stock where renewal thereof is necessary under this Act (3) Sub-sections 1 and 2 shall apply to any «„ch n.ortKM.n. on rolhng stock heretofore made, if the same has been HW a therein provided. 3 Edw. VII. c. 7, s. 60. li'ailway Equipment Mortgaycs. See note to sec. 26. Mortgage to Secure Bond., etc., on I«a.ed Boiling Stock 26. (1) In the ca«e of a mortgage, hypothec or other instru- ment made by an incorporated company securing tx^nds .Icbcn- turcs notes or other s..euriti.« on any rolling .st.-ck which is sub- .|.'c't to any lea«e, conditional sale or bailment to a raihvav con.. P.m>-. the same or a copy thereof may be filed in the office of ..' Irovincal Secretary within 21 deys from the ..x.-.-ution "-■'■of, and If so filed shall be as" valid as agains, creditors of smh company and subsequenf purchasers a.s if ,h,. sa.uc ha.l '" "1 registered pursuant to tlie provisions of this \,t ;-'> >"'otic'e of the filing «hall forthwith thereafter be givn " e Ontano Gazette. (Sec 6 Edw. VII. c. ,,, s. 7 (!>"„ ) > Ww. VII. c. 33, ss. 41 and 42.) ' f ••!) In case any such mortgage, hypothec or other instrument .a,ie be ore t e 14th day of April, 1908. or a copy thereof had — fi ed in the office of the Provincial Secretarv within nine •I'.vs from that date, the same shall H.S valid as airainst I i ! I • t i 1 i i •*-•— »...1.S I «3! > i:fi 5:)() BILL8 or «AI-E AND CHATTEL MOBTOAOCT. cmlitora of tuch company and purcb««er« or raortgageea, Ix-- coiiiing Bucli creditor!, purcha«'ni or mortgagpi's iubiiequent to that date as if it had J)een registered pumuaiit to the provisions of this Act. LramI h'olling Sttxk Mortgage*. By the Interpretation Act the word "may" is to he con- strued as permissive: Ontario Statutes, 7 Edw. VII. eh. 2, sec. 7, sub-aec. 2, R.S.O. 1914, ch. 1. The advantage of filing under this section is that it avoids the many filings which would In- necessary if separate registralion were necessary in every county throujrh which the line of railway ran. Proof of SegUtntioB. 27. A copy of any instrument or document registered under this Act and of any endorsement thereon certified under the hand of the officer with whom the same is registered and und.r the seal of the court or where the same is filed in the office of the Provincial Secretary under the h^and of the Provincial Seon- tary or Assistant Provincial Secretary, shall be received as e\ i dence by all courts that the instrument or document was recei\ i.i and registered or filed according to the endorsement tlienttii R.S.O. 1897. c. 148, s. 24. Proof of Registration. There appear to be two methods, by either of whicli r- gist ration can be proved : — First: By a copy of the ori^rinal instrument, or of a i'0| y thereof, including any statements filed, certified by the -. and tiled in the office of the »ai.l Court at o'clock ,„ th. noon, on th. ,|„y of i9_ Dated thi.-* day of 1(» '-''•^'''I (Siwied) (-.cc. It appears that the entries in the Imok kept l.y the clerk would not he received in evi.lence to contradict "the cle k's .•.■rt.hcate under this section (Adams v. Pratt, 109 Mas.,. r.O), for Th;;" r v"^t,rlc'rr"t'.t? '° ''•" '"'"^^ "■"' i«''o"-"^'nts nw rvr ^ ;,7 i?''/^^'""-^ "= •^'"•*'«" '■■ ''^"rnsworth, 1.. Ora> rMass.) 517; Head v. Oootlwin, 37 Me. ISl), hut a« to "o:h.„. more. It is no proof that the paper p,.rponing to 1 o ^' -l.y ..s a copy of the original mortgage when a copy C 'o '- ti|,.,| ,n the first instance: Bissell v. Pearce. 28 X.Y. 252. Discharge of Kortgagei.' 28. A mortgage registered under this Act may he yhich the mortgage is registere.l a -rt.ficate, Form 2. signed by the mortgagee, hi.s execturs ill Ml 1.1 1st raters or assigns. R.S.O. 1897. e. H8. s. 25 l>i..h„r,,, of ChnthI Mortgag,'. Th,. earlier chattel mortgage Acts made no provision for i ,. :"^h''^».'"K°f mortgages and tiling of the release, as is '"■-M contained. Th.s :,riyilege or power was first given bv • \ » f 1 nl i f ' • 1 1 532 BILIX t)r HALE AND CIIATTKL MORTtlAnKM. 40 Vipt. (1«77) eh, 21, •«•. 1. It i* optional, however, with the |>artif« intiTfhti-d to take advantAire of thU provmion. Hy virtue of thi* wction the elerk i« eompellecj to receive and Alt' any eertiflcHfe of illM-harKe of a mortfTHKe, regiatere«l undi-r the proviaioiM of thia Act. hut the certitlcati' iiiuat he duly proved for n'tfial ration hy the affidavit of a auhserihind wit- netw. pumuant to aection 29. Payment of Debt. The di'ht U'intr the "principal " and the morttrage tu-eur ity the "adjunct," when the debt i» paid the niortjpi«e security forthwith vaxaoH to exist: .Tackaon v. Stackhou*-. 1 Cow. 1'_'2; Croaby v. Chaw, 17 Me. 361). A parol release of a inorttfajfe is goal when aupportul hy aufficient eonsidr ration. And a ainiple rec«'ipt in full of the debt aecured by the inortmigp is a aufficient rehvwe in equity. When a bill of aale is given aa security, it becouies. as 1» twecn the immediate parties, null and void by pnynu-nt of fin' debt, as if the instnnnent had contained a defeasance: Wall.ir.l v. Worthman, 84 111. 446. Payment of the delit disehni-ges the mortKage for all pur poses, hence a mortgage (liven to a «un«ty for a d<'bt. is dii- charced when the debt is paid, and cannot be conMnued in behalf of a new niortgairce for a new debt: Brooks v. RutV. :7 Ala. .371. Releaaintr a sim-ty to whom a mortgajje is jtiven as sccuii'v iiiiainst piiyment of ii debt, discharges the mortffiipe iSuiiiii-r V. Unchcldor. .30 Me. '.Vi) ; bul payment by the surety of th.' .Mt does not discharge the mortgajre: Bryan v. Pollard. 10 Ail n Mns.s.) 81; Packhard v. Kiiijrnian, 11 Iowa 21!». It do.s no' nnder the mortgage invalid because no time is stated in tln' !■ feasance clause whin the mortjjage is to be paid, excejjt wli i the statute expressly j)rovides otherwise. An accidental am- sion of this kind can be supplied by verbal testimony, lui I ii intentional omission is met with the de of law, that the mi ^'age must be paid within a n'asonabi^ time: Byram v. (ior.l.r. 11 Mich. .'):n. WMnre the time for payment is stated to ' . "when the borrower is able to pay." then the debt is p.ivMli! it such time when it can be shewn, that, to public observ.i; >n. the mortsrasror'ji affairs are in a flourishing condition, will if shewing further that the mortgagor can discharge the debt u h- TIIK DNTAKIO *('T. 5.13 out .:.com..n.en.-..: I{.. Ro-h. 2!* (Jr. ;W5. Shom.l tl... .nort^a^e m.n. a ,l«y for „ay„...„t earlier than ti „,.. „f „..• InZ" for payiuHit: Kull,.r v. AcIc.t. 1 I(i|| (\ y ) 47j After d..f«ult haa h,...„ ,„«.|,. i„ ,,„,„„.,„ „^ „„. ,„„,, or af,.r hn..,.h of «„y of the .o,ulit„u. i,. „ .orfX tt" Uthng th.. ...ortKaR... ,o poaa^-aaion. „„.| ,h.. .„„r,K„«„. ,X^ ..'^ -.a.ou h..n upon a t.-n-ler of th. n.on.v an.i iu „,:.,.p,2; 't^e l..r.l t.tl.. r..v..Hta in th. „,„rt^a»ror without « re..)..li . v «; n- «l... an. without ,.an....|l„tion of th. mort^a^... I'ZZl IVrw. 12 W..n.l. (S.Y.) 61. "". ^8 n.y. .^O; Brant v. Daniels, 45 111. 453. I'litiMiom Against Mortgage Debt. ",,,,"• *••« .f«t of the Statute of Limitationa (I'l Jac I • .. m cona.der,.d. In thia case the action was broulS^t to ' -lose the equity of redemption in an equitabl. mortga'^ "I ' ! r . i i 534 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. by deposit of certain shares in a limited company, made to secure a simple contract debt. The defence was that the remedy for the debt was barred by the Statute of Limitations (21 Jac. I., ch. 16), and that as no action could now be maintained for the debt, the right to the equitable relief claimed by the plain- tiffs was also t)arred by analogy to the statute. A piissajre in Robbins on Mortgages, p. 10.")!!, was relied on in support of this defence; but Stirling, J., was of opinion that thoujrh the remedy for the debt was barred, the debt itself wa.s not barred, and that an action of foreclosure is not an action for the recovery of the debt, but an action to recover the niortgiified property, and that no Statute of Limitations applied to bar the plaintitVs ri^'lit to foreclosure or sale of the mortgaged property, and he therefore jrranted the relief prayed by the plaintiff; sec. :i"i C.L.J. 70!). .V( (■( ,s.v/< 1/ for I{(iji.stcome null and void as af,'ain.>t creditors, subsequent purchasers, and mortgagees in j;ooil faith for valuable consideration under section 21 antt. The iai>se oi time, therefore, as to them, serves to invalidate the mortfiiiL" . and usually mortgafrors are content with this, retaining in then own possession the evidence, as a^rainst the mortga;ree, of ili. mortjiage havin^' been released. As the object of reiristration o- mortgages is to apprise the public of a man's tinaneial position. so is this section intended to inform the public of a removal "! the incuiid)rance as well as to benetit the mortga^'or's finaniiiil position by affording him an ojjportunty of jrivin^ otTicial iioti. of his cireumstanees havinj; been altere of privileges afforded by this section, in order to stteiiirth >i their credit and improve their business standinjr. Ci rtificntf (if Diniharyr. The certificate of discharge of mortsrage can be sii-'iird - well by the assignee of a mortgagee as by the mortgairee h :' self, his executors or ailministrators: see section 2!t. The form provided by the statute had better be adhere. 1 n THE ONTARIO ACT. 535 I I I but there is nothing to prevent the convcyancpr adopting any other form, provided it produces the precise legal effect, neither more nor less, of the statutory form, and that the variance is not calculated reasonably to deceive those for whose bene.it the statutory form is prescribed: Ex p. Stanford, Re Barber 17 Q.B.D. 259; Davis v. Burton, 10 Q.B.D. 414, affirmed. 11 QB I). 537; Re Williams, Ex p. Pearce, 2") fh. D. ()56; Melvillo v Strniger, 13 Q.B.D. .392; Siinnders v. White, [1902] 1 KB 70; Roberts v. Roberts, 13 Q.B.D. 794. Entering: Certificates of Discharge, etc; Auignments. 29. (1) The officer with wliom the mortgage is regi.stered upon receiving such certificate, proved by the affidavit of a sub- scribing witness, sliall. at each place where tlie iiuinl)cr of the mortgage lias been entered, with the name of any of tlie parties thereto, in the book kept by him under section 20, or wherever otiierwise in such book tlie mortgage ha.s lieen entered, write the words "Discharged by Certificate .Number (stafin!/ t'l, numhcr <4 llir cfHificatc),'' and to such entry the officer shall subscribe Ills name, and he siiall aKso endorse the fact of the discharge upon the instrument di.seharged, ar.d shall .subscribe his name to the endorsement. R.S.O. 1897, e. 148, .s. 26. (2) Where a mortgage has been renewed under section 21. tlie endorsement or entries required by tiie next preceding sub- section netnl oniy be made upon the statement and affidavit filed in the last renewal, and at the entries of the statement and affi- davit in such book. R.S.O. 1897, c. 148, s. 27. (3) A certificate of dLseiiarge by an assignee sliall not be iv>:i.sii>red unless and until the assignment is regLstered. (4) The a-ssignment shall, upon proof by tiie affidavit of a siilhscribing witness, be registered, numbered and entered in siicli book, in the same manner as a mortgage. R.S.O. 1897, c. 148, s. 28. /.'' (jintration of Dischargrs. My this section is pointj-d out the method of registering the 'lisdiarge. It is the clerk's duty to see that the statute has '"•■11 complied with: DeForrest v. Bunnell, If) I'CQB 370 ■ i 536 BILUS OP SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOES. As to wlio can adininistcr tlie alTidavit of the witncHg, see notes to st-etion 12, supra. Subsection ti of section 21 provides that the statement and affidavit shall be deemed one instrument, so that the indorse- ments need not Ih' made both upon the 8tat<'ment and on the affidavit; if made on one, it will be .sutTHcient. l{(()iiilratioii of Assignmnit.i. The IcRal ert'eet of the assipnnu'nt is to transfi-r the entire interest of the mortj;a;jree in the projjerty to the assifrnee, wiio. thereupon, in place of the mortgajiee, becomes the lejfal owner. If the mortvfajree was entitlwl to the possession of the propiTty. the lejfal ett'eet of his assifjnment is the same as if he had bciii in possession of the p'-perty and sold and delivered it to tiie assijfnee. The latter may n>cover possession in the same man- ner that the mortgagee himself might have done. An a.ssii^nment of the mortgage and of all interest therein contained in an assignment of the delrt (Jones v. Iluggeford. :t Met. (Mass.) "il.'i), and an assignment of the debt scvured passes the equitable interest in the property mortgaged: LaiiL' don V. Buel, 9 Wend. (N.Y.) 80. If the debt be in the shape o' a negotiable promissorj- note, then, by transfer of the note, tin indorsee takes the benefit of the mortgage. The mortgage is the incident, and the debt the principal ; hence, if the debt !»■ transferred, the mortgage passes as incident thereto: Earl v Stamp. 13 N.W. Rep. 701; Lucas v. Harris, 20 111. 16.'); Hill v Beebe. 18 \.Y. 556. An assignment of part of the debt carries with it an eqiii table interest in the mortgage pro tanto: Emmons v. Dowe. - Wis. 322. The right to assign in the mortgagee continues su long as the mortgage is a subsisting one (Moody v. EUebe, 4 Si ' 21), and, until the right of redemption is oarred, or the li.i bility discharged, the assignee will .step into the position of il; mortgagee, taking over all the latter 's rights at the moniiii' when tlie a.ssignment is completed ( Beach v. Derby, 19 111. 617 including right of action, in some cases accruing prior to tl- assignment (Langdon v. Buel, 9 Wend. (M.Y.) 80), though .ip parently not in all: Bowers v. Bradley, 4 Bradw. (111.) 270 When the debt is asf^igned without the mortgage, thoiii.'': the moifgage passes too, yet, without assignment, the legal i . terest does not pass in the mortgage, and the assignee could n * :-:il: ^"■r'Sr- TIIK ONTARIO ACT. 537 i I 1 t ■ maintain replevin cr trenpu*. in hi« own nam.-: Kamsdell v Tewkesbury, 7.J Me. ].,7; Crane v. Paine, 4 C.i^h. (Mar) 48 J I niess there i8 an expre«, warranty of title, a luortKarfee assign^ mg IS- not m any way liable for the title of the inort^or beL froo,. tboud. if ,n:v b,. ..on- Md.-r,.d qu.^tionable whether n-gis^ration is notiee to .nv but ered.tors subsequent pur,.ha,sers and subsequent ,nor.jra.....s tor wlMch clas.se.s alone the staft.te is providing a ,.roteetio, \ .Morti.'agor on re..,.eming can hardly be placed in the cate.., . v a subsequent purchaser; the original divesting of title nmde I.N the mortgage is simply made void, and the mortgagor re- ..nns hm original title by virtue of the defeasance in fhe mort- gnu'e without a formal discharge, an.l shoul.l have actual notice of the transfer or assignment of the debt. The a.ssig,,e,> should >m only register his assignment but at once give notice to the ...ortgagor of the fact of his having become the a.ssignee of he 'Mortgage, and thus prevent any further dealings between the mortgagor and the mortgagee by which he might be prejudic d or form of notice see Appendix of Forms.) The mortgagor, li.i^ ng received the not.ee, can then no longer deal with the mortgagee .oneemmg the mortgage; should he do so. however •".y payments that he might make would be fraudulently re- • Hve.i by the mortgagee, and void, and of no avail on the part "he mortgagor: Johnson v. Holdsworth. 4 Dowl PC 63- .0 Phu'^"'"*'..! '^''""*- ^^'' ^^r«"ntstephen v. Brooke, 1 Chit' 0; Phillips V. Claggett, 11 M. & W. 84; Payne v. Rogei^s, Doug V \: T ."r? \^°T- V*^^'-'' ^17' Barker v. Richardson, 1 Wild V. Williams, 6 V & .J. .362; Legh v. Legh, i Bos. & P. 447. M & \V. 490; Buokl ley V. Landon, 3 C onn. 76 ; Webb v. Steele = H 538 BILLS OF SALE AND CUATTEL MURTOAGES. ^ i : ! ! I 1 > < i ■f I 13 N. H. 230; BJake v. Buchanan, 22 Vt. 548; Joms v. Her- bert, 7 Taunt. 421 ; Crook v. Stephens, ."» Bing. X.C. 688. But should the usatKnee lie the purchaser of a note, the payment of which the inortijaKe purports to secure, then, even without the pn>caution being taken of giving notice, the asiiignee cannot be prejudiced by a release given by the assignor to the mortgagor after the transfer of the note: Dick v. Mowry, 17 Miss. 448; JleCormick v. [)igby, 8 Black. d'J. Should the note be overdue befori' the mortgage is assigned, then the same equities can l)e set up by the mortgagor against the assignee's claim, as he had against the assignor: Howard v. Gresham, 27 Geo. 347; Nichols V. Lee, 10 Mich. 526. The assignee of a chattel mort- gage takes it from the assignor, subject to the same equities that e.xist against it in tlie hands of the mortgagee. The law regulating a.ssignments of chosi>s in action applies to assigii- ment.s of chattel mortgages, and the general principle is that the assignif of a chose in action takes it s\ibject to the equities existing between the original parties, and now by statute a chose in action is assignable at law, but subject to the equities existing before notice of the a^tsignment : see R.S.O. 1!)14, cli. 133. An assignee of a mortgage can always discover from ilie mortgagor the true position in which the mortgagor stands towards the mortgagee in regard to the mortgage, and then fore an a.ssignee takes .subject to any equities i.f the mortgagoi' existing against the assignor at the date of the assignment, ov up to the time when the mortgagor has acquired notiec of tlh assignment of the mortgage: Egleson v. Howe, 3 A.H. Out.' 574; Martin v. Bearman, 45 I'.C.Q.B. 205; Matthews v. Wall wyn, 4 Ves. 118; Williams v. Sorrell, 4 Ves. 38!»; Manghs \ Dixon, 18 L. & K. 82; James v. Murray, 2 Cow. 246: Ilartl.y v Tatham, 10 Mo.sw. 273; Fitch v. Cotheal. 2 Sand. Ch. 29: Hiiii. V. Carroll. 3 Sand. Ch. 301; (lute v. Robinson, 2 John. :>'X> Ord V. White. 3 Beav. 357: Cole v. Muddle. 10 Hare 186; Davi, > V. AiLsten. 1 Ves. 247; Murray v. Governor, 2 Johns. Ciisr-;. 438; Niagara Bank v. Uosenfelt, 9 Cow. 409; Woods v. Piiry 1 Barb. 114; Evertson v. Kvert.son, 5 Paige 202. Generally speaking, a chose in action assignable only •' equity must !)e assigned subject to the equities existing betw. • i the original p.i ties to the contract; but this is a rule that mi; • yielii where it appears from the nature or terms of the rv:- , THE ONTARIO ACT. 5.10 tract that it must have h,,.,, i,if,.|i,|,.,| to !).- as.signabl<- free from and unaffected hy such equities: Lord Cairns in Re A'Ta V. Mastermun's Hank, L.R. 2 Ch. App. :{97. It makes no dittVr- enee that the assignee has no notice of the equities; thus where the plaintiff gave a chattel mortgage to II. to sceure e.-rtain money, with a proviso enahlin- the mortgagee to take pas8..s.sion and sell in case the goo.ls liould he taken in exeeution by any creditor of the mortgagor, and th.- goods were so taken and the defendant to whom tlu- mortgage had been assi-ned bv II took possession and sold under it. and the plaintiff sued alie-ing that II. verbally agreed to |)ay thi^e executions, which vven- iiiade part of the money s.-cured; it was h-ld that th<. .lefen.lant as assignee took, subjeet to such agreement (which did not varv the term.s of the mortgage) though without notice of it and t'hi't th." seizure and .sale were illegal: Martin v. Mcarmaii, 4.'. I'.C. An assignee of a mortgag... which has Imvii partly paid off eannot look to the goods, as against the class of pi'-rsons jiro- tected by the Act, to reali/,.- not only the balance due on the mortgage, but an additional sum which at the time of the tran. tiT he was induced to advance the mortu'agor: Home v Iluelies « (i.B.I). 676. ■ Hook debts are not within the Ontario Hills of Sale and Chattel Mortgage Act. and the transfer of th.-m . An a.ssigiiment of book debts by a mortgagor to a bank, with- out notice of the assignment of the same to th.^ companv under Hi.' chattel mortgage, followed by notices to an.I collections from till' debtors, vests the debts and the proceeds thereof in the bank ^iir.iinst the claim of the company, who had giv.n no notice to debtors under the Judicature Act sec. .>,S ( .» 1 ^^'aiidard Hank of Canada. 1 O.W.X. :57!t, :>4S ( r).( Thnn "cl i I ■ ! I u 1 4 i 2 t ♦ I t i! i s I i ; 1 540 BILl^ OV S\LK AND CHATTEL MOBTQAOES. Affidavit of Aasiffumrnt. Tht'rc is uo ol)jietion to the solicitor of the assiipruor beinj? the witiifss (Pciiwnrdi'n v. Roberta, 9 Q.B.I). 137), but it has been held, in etTect, that the assignee hiinsulf cannot be the at- test'inj; witness: Seal v. Clari. for every hundred words; (9) For extracts, whether made by tlie person making the search or by the officer, ten cents for every hundred words. R.S.O. 1897, c. 148. s. 29. Inipeotion of Bookf and iMtmmenti, 31. (1) Every person shall on paym.-nt .,t the pmper fees have Hcces.s to and be entitled t.. inspect the books eontaininjf reeonk or entries of mortgages, conveyances or a-ssi^nments registered. (2) A person dasiring such access or inspection shall not be required, as a condition to his right thereto, to furnish the iinmes of the persons in respect of whom such acee.s.s or inspec- tion is sought. (3) The Clerk shall upon demand produce for inspection any such mortgage, conveyance, a.s.signment or copv thereof r.gis- tercd in his office. R.S.O. ]8!)7, e. 148, s. ^(>. Statiitical Returns. 32. (1) Every ofTicer with whom instruments are required to be registered under the provisions of this Act shall, on or before the 15th day of January in each year, transmit to the Minister of Agriculture a return which shall set out :— (a) The number of undLscharged mortgages on reeonl in his office on the 1st day of January in the year ne.xt preceding that in which the return Ls inndei (b) The number of mortgages and renewals, the number of discharg.\s. and the number of ii.ssigiiiiients t\.r the benefit of creditors registered durinK the veiir following the .said 1st day of January; and ('■) The number of undischarged rcortgajres on record in his office on the 31st day of December in said year. I i ' • 1 '- 1 j s 1 ' i ! i i p !■ i- f: , i 542 BILL8 OK KAI.K AM) CIIATTKI. MORTMAUKH. (2) The return Nhnll iiiit includo iiiatriimpirtii which have lapsed by reason of non-renewal. (3) The occupations or onllinfpi of the mortffaKors or as- signors as atnted in tlie instruments shall be classified and the return shall shew the ufCKreKnte HUins purportinR to t)e MH-ured by the mortgnpies in eaeh cIhkk. (4) The return shnll, where praetienble, diHtiiiKuish inort- gaifes to secure endorsutions or future HdvitneeN frnin inortKagcM to secure existing delits or prewnt aeen made on account of the Haid inrirt- (Cage (or the foilouinR paymenta, and no other, liave Ixen made on account of the said mortgaf^e : — , in , January 1, Cash received !ii|(MM)0). The amount xtill due for principal and interest on the said mortgage is the sum of .+ „,ade up as follows: (/„,( giv> 'till itcmsK \ n {Signal iirr of Morlijagn „r Assigiur.) (Affidavit.) County (or District) of To wit. '• 'f the of , in the of the mortgagee named in the mortgage mentioned in the fore- going (or annexed) statement (or assignee of the mortgagee named in the mortgage mentioned in the foregoing [or annexed] .statement I (o* tin case may be), make oath and say:— 1. That the foregoing (ur annexed) statement is true. •J. Thai Mie mortgage mentioned in the siiid statement hits not t"-ii kept on foot for any fraudulent purpose. A. B. ^woni before me at the "^ . in the of . this dav of ,19 . E. P., A Commissioner, etc. R SO. 1S97. c. 14s, Sched. B. |f < ! I * I 1 t ;i :i H 544 tllU« or 8AUB AND CHATTEt. MORTOAOES. FORM 2. Discharge or Mortgage. To Ih, Clerk of th, Court of the of I, . "f , «to certify thnt hag satisfied all iiioucy cliif. or to ^row due on « certain mortgage made liy to , which mortgage hean date the day of , 1!> , and was registered (or in case the mortgage has hull rouwid was Inst renewed), in the ofticc of the Clerk of the Court of the of , on the day of ,19 ,m No. {here mention th^ date of rrginlni- tion of each assignment thereof, and the names of the partiis, oi' mention that siuh mortgage has not been assigned, as the fat t may he) ; and that I am the person entitled by law to receive tlie money, and that such mortgage is therefore discharged. WituesN my hand, this day of , 19 . Witness, A. B., C. D. (Signature of Mortgagii or Assignn.) K.S.O. 1897, c. 148. Sched. A. ACT RESPECTING THE COSTS OF DISTRESS OR SEIZURE OP CHATTELS. (9 Ei)w. VII. (Ont.) cii. 4."); R.S.O. 1914, en. 78.) Seizure under Chattel Mortgage. 4. .No person milking a seizure or sale of goods for dt'l'suili in payment of the principal money or interest si'cured by a chattel mortgage shall levy, take or receive any greater or otlin fees or costs with respect to such seizure or sale than thasc sr' forth in Schcilule .J. (9 Edw. VII. ch. 45.) 5. No person .shall make any charge for anything meiitioin : in such schedules unless it has been actually done. (9 Kdw. VII. ch. 45.) i i THE ONTARIO AC?T, 545 i .! f .'l^ SCIIKDILK .J. (Section 4.) CoHTO ON Seiz.be under C.attei. .Mort«aoe«. 1. Mafcng «.izurt. where amount do«, not excHul $80. . . .|l .00 2. Making seizure where amount exeeetls *8() , -„> t. One man keeiing poHseasion, per .(M) ■•. If any printed advertisement otherwise thau in „ news- paper (where the amount does not exceed $80) the actual outlay not exceeding And where the amount exceeds $80 and the actual out- lay not exceeding . . * -iAH) <■>■ Catalogues, sale and eommiwion and delivery of goods five cents in the dollar on the ml procrr,h of the sale up to $100, aud where the proceeds of «ale exceed $1(K) in addition thereto two and om-half per cent, on the excess over $100. 7. Where amount is paid before sale, a commission of txm rents tn the doUar, and the amount actually disbursed in litrtage not to exceed ., ' t ''Its OF SAH. m ri r ? 1 ! t^- PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. AN ACT FOR PRKVKNTINO FRAIJDH »V SKCRKT BILLS OP SALK OF PKRSONAL CIIATTKLS. (STATITKS «iK 1><«0. chapter t> AND \U} «KNT8.) Preamble. WhereaM frnudM Hn> fnMHiwilly coiiiiiiittrd upon creilitont tiy BfiTft billH of salt' of |)«TJionHl chultclH, whort-hy p.THorm itiv enable property of audi ,).T»oii8. to tht' t'Xcluaioii of tho reat «)f their creditorn; for remedy thereof: He it then-fore enaeted. hy the Lieuteiiaiil (Sovernor, rouneil and ' Hwmhly, aa follows :— Billi of Sale. 1. Kvt'ry hill of aale of personal ehatlek made either hefur. or after the piiiwiiin of this Aet, either almolntel'- or eo.iditionall.v or Huhjeet or not snhje<-t to any trimta. and wh. .eUy the (fnint.. or holder ahall have power, with or without notiee, and eitli. t immediately after tho makiuK of sueh hill of sale, or at son:.. future time, to seize or take poaseasion of any property mil effeela eompriseil in and made auhjei-t to sUc-h hill of aale. iim! every ^4(■hedule and inventory whieh shall la- thereto annexe.!, r therein referred to. may he tiled with the prothonotary of II. t Majesty N Supreme l ■• of residenee. then with the prothonotary of the Su|)reme l'. m in Charlottetown. fHINlE KDW.\HI> |M|,.\N|. A(T. 847 AmriulmfHig. ExeontioB. «. The ..x..,.uli«n of Hll Mu-h lullH of H„|.. „H Hf,.n.H«i.| wluel. ■•. ready h„v,. ..en or herenfter «hnll be ,„„.le. Mhall ..fore filing .Inreof. be proved on oatl. In-fore the pn.tho„ofary or .lepufv l.ro h,.„o,„r.v with who.n the name shall b,. fi.e.l. ..y one or ,„«.^ or t..e HU.«..n.„nK witneHB.. thereto, or by the pe«o„al ael penses, for every mile to be travelled in coming to and retnriiiiiir from the place, where proof shall be made of the bill of .■«:il' and in case the witness shall refuse to attend before the pr.i|'. i' officer, within six days after such tender as aforesaid, the jxisiii or persons requiring- the attendance of such witness may in.ii,. oath before any one of Iler Majesty's justices of the peace an i therein set forth the necessity of such witness's attendance b.t' the judge, prothonotary, deputy protlionotary or eo.niiii.ssioii. i. the making of such tender, and the amount thereof and O.w • : 11 PPINCE EDWARD ISI,AND ACT. 549 refusal to Httt-nd; and n, t'reupon the Mitne> .. , „ • - ^-■-' ■-•^ refusinif to Htt*-n.l as afon.s.-.i. /.,-! i.^ ft,rthwith comu.itted by war- .•Hnt. under the lur.d an-i .■.; of .such justice, to prison, there to remain x .ho.,; l>a,! o. , . . nprise. until he. or she, shall coinply with the ,; ..iiio... of i .. Act, and shall also pay the .easonable eost.s and ail .;.;::„.<,« which may have accrued to the graiitee or holder of the bill «,f .sale, in coiLsequence of such h.s or her neglect or refusal to attend and give evidence before tlio judge, prothonotary, deputy prothonotary or eon.missioner lis aforesaid. Register and Eecord. fi. The prothonotary and each of the deputy prothonotaries '■I tiie said Supreme Court respectively shall cause every bill of sale, and every such schedule an ! I SCHEDULE (B). Form of Certificate of Acknowi.kdc.mfnt. On the day of personally appeared l)efn,e me. ■^ '*■• °^ ' «"d aeknowledged that he did iVeeiv and voluntarily execute the within written deed or writing, to and i'li- the uses and purposes therein mentioned. E. F. Prothonotary. Deputy I'rothonotary or Commissioner, in County for taking aftidavits in tlie Supreme Court. ! ! ; j : i ■; T i i » t f f I i sii I 111 U t n i! I fil if i 554 BIM^ or SAI.K AND CIIATTEI, M(»RT<1A0KS. SOlIPHMIIiK (C). " — 0,0. ;i c 3 a S I. a I 1; - t ! f e3 * 1 a ic M S AN ACT TO AMKNl) TIIK ACT fOK I'KKVKNTlMi FKAIDS HY SKCRKT HILLS OV SALK (»F I'KRSONAL CIIATTKLS. (I'.K.L Statitks. 18()!'. ciiaiter 7. » Whereas the present mode of niarkiiiff hills of salt- satistiitl is attciuh'd with iiieoiiveiiieiu'e ami expense. Me it tiiu ^ grantee or grantees in the form (A) in the sehednle to tills A annexed, signed and acknowledged before a eoinmi.ssion'i' I 'i taking affidavits in the Supreme Court fo,' the eounty wiici. 1.. such bill of sale is registered and certified by such commissi.. ii' ■ For entering such satisfaction, the prothonotary or dtiiuly ; I'HINCK EDWARD ISLAND ACT. OUJ thonoUry shnll ho •■ntith'd to receive h fee of one Hhilling and sixpence, and the comminNioner taking the Hcknowledginent of HHtisfaetion, the Niim of two NhillingH and sixpenee. SCUKDI'LE (A). In this Act referred to. F(«M OK ArTlIOKITY TO BK SlO.NKD BY (JkaNTKK. On this dHy of , A.D. 18 , pei-sonally up- l)eared before nie, A. Ji., the grantee named in a eertain hill of sale, dated the day of , A.D. 18 , an.l •nwiklu hetweeu hun and (J. D., of , to secure the; sum of i) and acknowledged the same to he fully jjaid and .siitLsfied. Taken and acknowledged hefore me the day and year ahove mentioned. ^ j^ Grantic's lunnt ur murk. K. F., Commissioner in County for taking affidavits in the Supreme Court. AN- ACT TO AMEND THE A€T TWENTY-THIRD VIC- TORIA. CHAPTER NINE, INTITULED "AX ACT FOR PREVENTING FRAUDS BY SE^v^T BILLS OF S.VLE OF PERSONAL CHATTELS." (P.E.T. Statites. 1878. chapter 7.) Be it enacted by the Lientenant-Oovernor, rounoil and As- si'iiibly as follows — Possesiion by Grantee. 1. All absolute bills of sale and deeds or writings, purporting ?" transfer the property in chattels from the grantor to the i-'rantee absolutely and unconditionally, shall he fraudulent and void (except as between the grantor and granteel, unless the I : I! : i '^ n \ it 5 i I 1 ■ J: 1 ! i' i ': -, i < 1 I f ', i ti 11' ■1 ! 55ti BII.I,S OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTflAOES. grantee shall forthwith, upon the execution thereof, take actual posseHsion of such chiittela, and the grantor shall cease to have the possession thereof. Dflay in Taking Possession. A delay by the mortgagee in taking possession of mortgaged chattels or the secret postponement of registration of a bill of sale thereof until the grantor's insolvency for the purpose of pro- tecting the insolvent's credit constitutes a fraud against credi- tors and makes the transaction void against them : Brow v. Crabbe, (P.E.I.) 9 E.L.R. M2, applying Clarkson v. McMaster, 25 Can. S.C.R. 96. Validity of Mortgage or Bill of Sale. 2. A chattel mortgage or bill of sale with conditions or stipu- lations for redemption to be therein set forth, shall be presumed to be valid, notwithstanding the grantee may not take the actual possession of the chattels therein described, if such chattel mort- gage be registered pursuant to the Act, twenty-third Victoria, chapter nine, and if the grantee, or his agent, or one of several grantees, or the agent of all or any of such grantees, make affi- davit before the filing of such ebattel mortgage in the form set forth in Form A of the schedule (which affidavit shall he en- dorsed upon or annexed to such chattel mortgage), that tlir grantor is really and truly indebted to the grantee in tln' amount expressed in said mortgage, or that a consideration of the nature and amount therein expressed for the making thert'ol" really and truly exists. Levy on Mortg^aged Chattels. 3. Sheriffs and sheriffs' bailiffs, constables and all person.^ authorized to levy under any execution issued from any court in this province, may levy upon and sell any chattels mentiontil. described in, or conveyed by a chattel mortgage, rrovidrd that the amounts secured by all chattel mortgages duly rtfjis tercd prior to the levy, together with interest as expressed in .such mortgages up to the day of payment, be duly palid, mul shall hold the surplus toward siitLsfuction of tru- levy. ■ f PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND ACT. .-,,-,7 Wrongful Levy. A claim under . valid 1,111 ot «,!„ pr,va ag. a ,.i„,„ AffldsTiU, CommiMionen, etc. 4. Affidavits required to be made by grantees of cliattel mort- gag«i under this Act, may be sworn before any .■ommi.sioner for taking aflRdavits in the Supreme Court, or Countv Court, or before the prothonotary of the Supreme Court, or deputy pro- thoDotary of the county in which such mortgage is r.M,ui"re.i to he filed, or before any clerk or assistant clerk of the ConntA- Court. *^ Registration of Chattel Mortgage. 6. When any chattel mortgage is proy the Act twenty-third Victoria, chapter nine. This Act shall be construed as part of the Act henl)v iiiuended. SCHKDCI.K FORM A. Affidavit op Grantee of Chattel JFortgack. Dominion of Canada, Province of Prince Edward Isl.ind, County. "' "1 County (Farmfi; as tin case ^"oy be), the grantee or one of the grantees mentioned in the within chattel mortgage, or I, of in ■ i i i ml ' I I If Ml H I t^^H^^H H MMfe] iitjH^^^H HHj I^Hj .HH HI' I Itl if I i I I ii li! 558 BIIJ^ or HAI.K AND CIIATTEI. M(IRT0A(1EM. I'ounty, agi'iit for the KrHiitw or one of (he said RranteeM, iiiaki* oath and n»y : — That the grantor named in Haid chattel mortgage, im really and truly indebted to me {or to the grantee or granteeH therein naniee8t of my knowledge and belief the said mortgage was not executed for the purpose or with the intent of protecting the property therein descril)ed, from the creditors of the said grantor, or of defrauding the creditors of the said grantor, or any of them. Sworn at , in <'ounty, thi.s r'' duly tiled, certified un(<. Ihstrii t Hoiniflarii.i. The tollowing is the order-in-council referred to in section 2: ORDKR-l.\.ror.\€IL. (Section 2.) Regina. Tuesday, September 17, 1907. In.ler the provisions of Thr Bills of Sales Ordimncc His Honour the Li.Mitenant-Govcrnor by and with the advice of • I ")60 mi.l.H OP HXI.K ,\NI> ClIATTKI, Mt«T(l\IIKS. the Kxfciitivc Cniiiiiil liim Ix-tii |iIciuhhI to order tin- altiriitioii an ht-n-inHfter m't forth on, from hikI nfti-r thf t1ft<'i'nth day ol" Octohi-r, 1!M)7. of tin- lioumlarifM of tin- RfKiHtrnlioii Districts of MooMoiiiiii, VorktoM, KfiriiiH, Moosi- .Fiiw, Prim-f Allifrt, Biittli'foril hikI SoiiriM for the rt'jfi.Mtriitioii of mort»i»»<<*s ami thf traimftTK of pt-rsoiial propi'rt.v, and tin- fHtalili.shinciit on. from and aftt-r thf mild flftfcnth day of Oi-tolxr, IWi. ol' two new ri'iriHtratioii dislriotN to lie known im the n-Kistration districtN of ('annin>;ton and Saskatoon, thai is to say: that on. from and aftt-r the saiil fifteenth dav of O.tolMT, I»<)T, the retristration districts of McMwomin. Yorkttm, ll«i?ins. Moose Jaw. Prince Alls-rt. Itatth'ford and Saskatiion shall eompris. thi- areas comprising the .judicial districts of M(M>somin, York ton. Kc^ina. .Mo<>«e .law. I'rinee Albert. Maltlelnrcl :inil Sask at(M)n as set out in Scheduli' A lo Tht l>istriit t'ourU Ail !»■ in).' chapter !• of the .Statutes of l!t()7; that the UejjistratuMi District of Cannin^ton shall comprim- the an-a hounded as ful lows: Coiiimencint; at the intersection of the eastern houniliii.\ of the Province of Saskatchewan liy the north boundary of the fifth township, thence northerly alonj; the east boundary of tin said province to the north boundary of the eleventh fownshi|i thence westerly along the said north boundary of the eleventh township to the meridian between the tenth and eleventh ranjres west of the second principal meridian, thence southerl\ along the said meridian between the tenth and eleventh raiiL" - to the north boundary of the fifth township, theme eastnl. along the said north boundary of the fifth township to ili point of comniencement : and that the Hegistration District .. Souris shall comprise the ,irea bounded as follows; Cominencj' ur at the south-cast corner of the Province of Siiskatehewan. then . northerly along the east boundary of the said jirovinci' to lii north boundary of the tifth town.ship. thence westerly alonit H said north boundary of the tifth township to tin- meridi:ni tween the tenth and I'leventh ran^rcs west of the second prim i meridian, thence southerly along the said meridian betwe.n '; tenth and eleventh ran^rt-s to the southern boundary d 'h S4iid |)rovince, thence easterly aloufr the said southern lioun.l.!! of the province to the pli of conHuenceinent. The Kxecutive Council also advises that the mll r«iii..,.»k.,.i.. i .ifwtratmi. Drntri.-t of M.o.nin. .M.Mmo.,„ii .■„,Mtn.t.on I)i„ri,.t of Vork.on, Vorkfo,, ' K-tfistratioa restrict of R-Kin,., Hvuiun .'KiHtration |)i«,riH „f jr.K,„.. .,„„. j,,;,^,. ,^, ».-^H ration ),.tri,.f of Pri...... AIImt.. iTin,... All,..,f He^mtrat.on DrntrHt of Ha,tl,.fon|, Mattl..f<.r,l K.lfiNtraHon District of Souris. OxI.ovv. riu' Kxfcutivi' ("oiiucil furth.T (Klvim-s ili:.t ..ii ;-l.o,.H.r tr«..Hf..r. of ,M.„.onal pr^ \ 1'' ,, "'"^r^"^ K....n.tion n^,H..,H of Moos„..!i„.' Voiktl ' ..^ .'" f ^ • -^. F'rm... Alh,.rt. H„f,l..fon| an.l Sourin r.sp., , v h "l "I Inn. r.^.e.,.ts an.l other inHtru,n..„t. r,.^i«,..r ..I „t r , . ti'f ■""' Vn.^,W,.. l..,H. or any oth..,- Onii, , ,. .n ton... n. ,h,. provinc... shall. „„,.| th.- n-n..^,,] „ , M ,nort«a»es hcconH-s nvcs^ary ,o n.aintain th 'i , ■MS, ..r..,i.,on.. sub«.q„..„t p„r..ha«.r>. or n.ort.a...s .'n Z i '•on.nu.. to he „« valid and etr-.tual in all nsp".tsr '■ > won d mv.. lK..n if th. houn.laries of th.. sai. r -. r io - n.^ha.l not .h...„ alt..r...l or th.. K..,istratil Mi; " ^ -"-.rt.,n an.I Saskatoon ..stal.lish...l. hut in ,h.. ..,! , f . "" !'"'. th,. n.n..ual st«f..n...nt shall h,- fih-d .. ,h ■ ■' m. refr.strat,.in d,.rk of th.. rt-^istration .iistri..t in . pn.p..rty .lescTdu..! in th.. n-ort^a..- or transtVr il Z .^m.n.w.th a c-.-rftiod copy of the chattel n^ort^aj to ^-^ r..ue«a, st«t..n,ent relatt-s an.i of anv r.^newa s ■ ]:::""/''" '"u"' "' ^^" '•'-^'^^••"ti"" clerk of tlu. r.'^ Vr^?! • "" ""*'' "'^««*'' """-'g^'f,- shall los,. its • I 1 i i 1 1 ■ i ik 562 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MOBTGAGES. priority by reasou of not being prior to renewal filed in the office of the registration clerk in whicii renewal statements are after the said fourteenth day of October, 1907, required to be filed. John A. Reid, Chrk Executive Council. Change in Boundariis. See note under sec. :i of thLs Act. Power to Alter Boundaries. 3. The Lieutenaut-Governor-in-couneil shall have power to alter the boundaries of any registration district now or hen- after established by adding thereto or taking therefrom; aii'l to establish new districts and to appoint registration clerks therefor who shall hold office during pleasure; and designate at what places the offices of .such clerk shall be kept. (2) All chattel mortijages relating to property within any newly established district shall (until their renewal becoiin' ; ncces.sarj to maintain their force against creditors, subsequiiit purchasers or mortgagees in good faith) continue to be as valid ami effectual in all respects as they would have been if tlir new district had not been established, but in the event of ,. renewal of any such chattel mortgage after the establisliinj,' of such new district tlie renewal statement shall be filed in tin' office of the registration clerk of such new district tojretln r with a certified copy of the chattel mortgage to which suAi renewal statement relates and of any renewals thereof und r the hand of the registration clerk in whose office the smup were filed; and no chattel mortgage in force and filed at tiic date of the establishing of such new district shall lose its prior- ity by reason of it not being filed in the office of the registration clerk of such new district prior to its renewal: 1900, tii. 1-, sees. 1, 3; 1909, ch. 35, sec. 28 (2). Change of Boundaries. Tn Reinholz v. Cornell, 2 S.L.K. 342, plaintiff delivei.l a *5;j-^^^^ w THE SASKATCIIEWAX ACT. ■•6:{ U'.m ot hor8..s to lus son, under an ajrreen.ent for conditional sale whereby the property in the horses was res.-rv^d oTe pla.nt.ft unti the purchase price was paid. Sul.seq. .it v son mortgaged the hors.., and the mortgage can.e into the hanS of he defendant co.npany. Default being ma.le, the conmanv author-zed ,ts baiilff, the defendant Cornell, to .se .e he lomf 0.. the se.zure be.ng n.ade the plaintiff notified t .e a iTof hs hen and he reg.stration therc-of, but, by reaso.. of hang .n the boundar.es of the registration district, n.entiontirthe wronfr olfice as the place where the note was register d Sea c^ on two occa.s.o..s at the office na.ned failed to .shew the it re gstered and the defendants thereupon .sold the horsls T , ..ote had, ... tact, been properly registen-d befo.e the ehan ^ . . he boundanes. In an action for conversion, it wa.s h Id U^ al hough the defendants acted innocently and in .ood fa itl h s. .ng the property .n question, there was ..everthele.ss a .ong till convers.on. "jong \ '1 Hegistration Clerks. 4. The reg,strat.on clerks for the existing registratio.. dis- tnets are hereby continued in office a..d shall severallv hold oftee dunng pleasure and their offices shall be kept at places to I'.' .iesignated by the Lieutenant-Governor-in-council r2) In the event of any vacancy occurring i,. the office of tlu' reg.strat.on clerk by reason of death, resignation or other- wise, the vacancy shall be filled by the Lieutenant-Oovernor-in- '"'".eihC.O. 1898, eh. 43, sec. 3. ' • Office Hours. 5. The registration clerks under this Act shall k.^ep their -,.ec,.ve offices ope., between the hou. of te.. i,. the forenoon tour .„ the afternoon on all days excepting Sundavs and l'ol.days and except on Saturdays a..d during the penod of -at.on pn^rib^d by the Jurlicaturr Act when the same shall 0"..^ shall registrations be made.- C.O. 1898, ch. 43. sec. 4. i ' ! , ? I 1 I I H f 1 i } ? Ml i; !1 it If 564 BILLS OP SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. Ko Clerk to Onw Docnments. 8. No registration clerk shall draw or prepare any document or conveyance which may be filed or registered in his office under the provisions of this or any other Act: CO. 1898, eh. 43, sec. 5. Mortgages; Form and Begiitration. 7. Every mortgage or conveyance intended to operate as a mortgage of goods and chattels which is not accompanied l)y an immediate delivery and an actual and continued change of possession of the things mortgaged shall within thirty days from the execution thereof he registered as hereinafter pro- vided together with the affidavit of a witness thereto of th,' due execution of such mortgage or conveyance and also with the affidavit of the mortgagee or one of several mortgagees or the agent of the mortgagee or mortgagees if such agent is awaio of all the circumstances connected therewith and is propiily authorized by power in writing to take such mortgage in whitli case a copy of such authority shall be attached thereto (save as hereinafter provided under section 23 hereof) such last-iiitii- tioned affidavit stating that the mortgagor therein nann-d is justly and truly indebted to the mortgagee in the sum mentioiitil in the mortgage, that it was executed in good faith and for th.' express purpose of securing the payment of money justly dii.' or accruing due and not for the purpose of protecting the goo. is and chattels mentioned therein against the creditors of the mort- gagor or of preventing the creditors of such mortgagor from obtaining payment of any claim against him; and every sm h mortgage or conveyance shall operate or take effect upon. tnHn and after the day and time of the filing thereof: CO ISfts. ■ li. 43, see. 6. Bill of Sale Intcndfd as Mortgage. In Patterson v. Palmer, 4 S.L.R. 487, the Court was ivmly divided on the question whether or not the particular lull of THE SASKATCHEWAN ACT. 565 sale in that case was in fact intended to operate as a mortgage Ne«- ands, and Lamont, JJ., who favoured affirming ZS- ment below thought it was not, and expressed no view as to what would have resulted had it been otherwise. Wetmon- ? J and Johnstone J were of opinion that notwithstanding a dause n one part of the document for a re-sale of the gol to the bargainor it must be held to b.- a mortgage in effect as t wal elsewhere expressed to be ma.le to -secure the repaymen '^^f moneys with interest. Their view was that if a chiument be ..tended as a mortgage though in the form of an absolute b of .sale, the affidavit provided by the Act for bills of sale w not be sufficient; the affidavit of bona fides to be attached n such cases is to l,e that applicable to chattel mortgage and con veyances intended to operate as a mortgage See ako note to sec. 13 (post) ; te.xt, ch. XI 11; Ontario Vet SIC. o; Alberta Act, sec. 6. ' Tinif of Filing. As to the distinction between "registering- and -filin" - sec note to sec. 8, British Columbia Act. Actual and Continmd Vhangv of Possession. See note to sec. 11, post. Mortgage by Company to Secure Bonds or Debenture.; Renewal Statement. 8. In the case of a mortgage or conveyance of goods and •lii'ttels of any incorporated company made to a bondholder or l'o...lholders or to a trustee or trustees for the purpose of Mcuring the bonds or debentures of such company instead of the affidavit of bona fides required by section 7 of this Act it sl.all be sufficient for the purposes of this Act if an affi.lavit is fil.'d as thereby r.'quired made by the ...ortgagee or one of the mortgagees to the effect that the said mortgage or convevance was executed in good faith and for the express purpose of s.eur.ng the payment of the bonds or debentures referred to tlu'v.n and not for the purpose of protecting the goods and *l'attels mentioned therein against the creditors of the mort- s-'a-'ors or of preventing the creditors of such mortgagor from ol.t.iiiing payment of any claim against them. i i 1 'i: M I i ^i ^ ■sf J i V r| i 5 ( f i i r f -^ m Jill |i.»ii 1 it \\r 566 BILLS OP SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOES. (2) Any such mortgage may be renewed in the manner and with the effect provided by section 19 and subsequent sections of this Act upon the filing of a statement by the mortgagee or one of the mortgagees exhibiting the interest of the inortgagi'i; or mortgagi-es in the property claimed by virtue of the said mortgagee and shewing the amount of the bond or debenture debt which the same was made to secure and shewing all pay- ments on account thereof which to the best of the information and belief of the person making such statement have been made or of which he is aware, or has been informed, together with iin affidavit of the person making such statement, that the state- ment is true to the b(wt of his knowledge, information and In ■ lief, and that the mortgage has not been kept on foot for any fraudulent purpose; and such statement shall be filed instiaii of the statement required by the said section 1!) of this x\('t. (3) If any mortgage as aforesaid is made to an incorporati d company, the several affidavits and statements herein mentioniil may be made by the president, vice-president, manager or as- sistant manager of such mortgage company or any other otheer of the company authorized for such purpose, in which latter case such authority or a copy thereof shall be file*! as requind by this Act. (4) Where such mortgage or conveyanou is made as a m. - urity for debentures and the by-law authorizing the issui' o( the debentures as a security for which the mortgage or eonvi y- anee was made or a copy thereof certified under the hai.d of ;li!' president or vice-president and the secretary of the coinp.iiiy and verified by an affidavit of the secretary thereto attiich'd or indorsed thereon, and having the corporate seal attaclml thereto, is registered with the mortgage or conveyance il >Iki11 not be necessary to renew the said mortgage or conveyanee, Imt the same shall in such ease continue to be as valid as if the sjiiiie had been duly renewed as in this Act provided: li'i'!', eh. 35, sec. 28. See text, ch. 5, on Parties; and see sec. 27 of the Ontario Att. m mk THE SASKATCHEWAN ACT. ,-,,;7 Form of Mortgage. 9 Except as to caxes provided in the next following section ot this Act a mortgage or conveyance intende.l to operate as a mortgage of goods and chattels may he made in accordance with form A in the schedule hereto: CO. 1898, ch. 43, sec. 7. Statutory Chattel Mortgage The following is Form A of the sehe.iule to the Act referred to m the above section :— ^ i i • 1 1 1 n ci FORM A. (Sfvtion !). ) MoRT(J.\(JE OK ClIATTKI.S. Thi.s Indenture made the ,i;,y „(• ,,, between A. B., of of the one p:nt an.l C. /)., „f of the other part. Witnesseth that in consideration of the sum of $ „ow pnid to A B hy C. D. the receipt of which the .said .1 B here.y aeknow edges (or whatrvrr rise the comidn-ation may l» ) he the said A. K. doth hereby as.sign to tiie .said (' I) his e.xeeuto.-s administrators and assigns all and .singular " the several chattels and things specitically described as follows (or .n the schedule hereto annexed) by way of .security for the Payment of the sum of .$ and interest thereon at the rate , per cent, per annum (or whaticr chr may br the |-«^) and the said A. B. doth further agree an.l declare that id I'l!^ ^'^V?u'^' '"''* '' ^- ^^' P"»"P«' ""^ 'Afore- said together with the interest then due on the ,iay "f }^ (or whatever else may I., the stipulated tnn or times for payment). And the said A. B. doth a-ree w.th the sa.d C. D. that he will (here insert tu-ms as to Hi^ir- ""Cf, payment of rent, collateral securities or orl,eru-ise which II' parties may agree to for the maintenance or ,h feasance of tlir security). ' Provided always that the chattels hereby assigne.l shall not ..' liable to seizure or to be taken possession of bv the said 77 /.f*"^/,"^/"""* "*''"'■ *''"" ^^^*' «P''c>fifd in section 18 of / /" ( hattel Mortgage Act except as i.s otherwise .specially pro- vided herein. . i ■"- I i • I :ii:l 568 BILL,» OF HALE AND CUATTEI. HdRTGAQES. In witiiP88 whereof the said A. B. has hereunto set his hand and seal. Signed and sealed by the said A. H. in the presi'uce of me E. F. A. B. {Add name, address and occupation ( of witness.) I Statutory Forms. See note to .see. 7, Alherta Act. Mortgage to Secnre Fnture Advances or Indonen. etc. 10. In eiise of an agreement in writinfj for future advaiiets for the purpose of enabling the borrower to enter into ami carry on business witii such advances and in case of a mortga>;i' of goodx and chattels for securing the mortgagee repayment ol such advanc(>8 or in case of a mortgage of goods and ciiattds for securing the mortgagee against the indorsement of any bills or promissory notes or any other liability by him incurreil for the mortgagor not extending for a longer period than twn years from the date of the mortgage and in case the mortfiagi' is executed in good faith and sets forth fully by recital or otherwise the terms, nature and effect of the agreement ainl the amount of liability intended to be created, and in case siicii mortgage is accompanied by the affidavit of a witness thereto ol' the due execution thereof and by the affidavit of the mortgai," r or one of several mortgagees or in ca.se the agreement has liccn entered into and the mortgage taken by an agent duly autliui ized by writing to make such agreement and take such mortgii'.' ■. in which ca.se a copy of .such authority shall be attacheil tluir to, and if the agent is aware of the circumstances connectol therewith, then, if accompanied by the affidavit of such aiitiit such affidavit whether of the mortgagee or his agent, .statiiu; that the mortgage truly sets forth the agreement entered iii'o between the parties thereto and truly states the extent of tin' liability intended to be created by such agreement, and covt ml I ) I ■1 i TIE S.' .ClIKWAN ACT. 56f) by 8„ch mortKaK.. and that «ueh .„ortg«K.. is executed in good fa.th and for the express purpo«. of seeurin,, the n.ortgagee re- pa.vn.e„t of h.8 advances or against the pay.nent of the amount of h,s l.abd.ty for the mortgagor, as the case n.ay he, an.l not for th.. purpose of securing the ^oo,l, and chattels mentioned themn aga.n«t the creditors of the n.ortga«or nor to prevent such creditors fro,., recovrin,, any clain.s which thev n.ay have aga.nst such mortgagor, and n case such ...ortgage is registered as hereinafter provi.led with... thirty .lays fron. the exec.tion tlH-reof the same shall be as vali.i an.l hin.lin, as .nortga.es M.ent.oned in section 7 of this Act: <'.0. 18!>8, ch. 4:{. sec. H. MoH,jae ahaolntely void as against the creditors of the o.irgainor and as against subsequent purchasers or inort- ^'agees 'n goo; 2-:j Geo. V. l!)12-l:J, ch. 46, see. 35. Hij/istration of Hills of Salt'. See 8»>c. 8 of the Ontario Act. Atti sting U'i<«f».*. 1 lie statute re(|uire8 the affidavit to be made by a witness to the execution of the bill of sale, but as attt'station is not es- sential to the validity of the instrument, its execution can be proved by any competent witness: Emerson v. Hannerman. !!• Can. S.C.R. 1. Affidavit of Bona Fides. The expressions "against the" or "npiinst any ereditors of the hartrainor" are substantially synonynioas, and the employ- ment of either in the affidavit of bona fuUs is no variation fniin the statutory form: Emerson v. Hannerman, 1!) Can. S.C.Ii. 1. affirminj; 1 Terr. L.R. 224. However, it is always safer to follow the precise wordinj; of the statute. Chantjv of Vosxi ssion. Th<' construction plaee24. distinguishing Ramsay v. Margrett, [1894] 2 Q.B. IS, t',:i L.J.Q.B. 513, where it was held that where property is sold I'v a person to an inmate of the same house there is a presumption of actual possession in the grantee. The decision in the latter ease turned on the construction of the phrase "apparent pos- session." In order to create a change of possession under the scatiit'-. there must be such a change as would l)e visible and appan iit to the public: Danford v. Danford, 8 A.R. (Ont.) 518. s,,' also Svaij;her v. Rotaru, 3 W.L.R. 486. TIIK HASKATCIIKWAN A( T. n Where the poMewioi, of tho ehattelH in U-ft with th.. l.ari' - ""- Persons may give credit to the acts of a partner in d.alin-' or'n. i '""■;"""•'"' ''™P"'-^^- i» "H' «cope of hi.s implied anth- or tv in furtheranc of the partnership business, but if tli.v ^'et notice, or have reason to believe, that what is being done is really done for the private purposes or on the separate account of the person doing it. then authority by virtue of the nartner- ship contract ceases and the person dealing with the individual partner is bound to enquire and ascertain the extent of the authority: Ex parte Darlington. 4 DeG. J. & S 581 If he dw's not 80 act, he must depend upon the actual right of the partner or on circumstances sufficient to repel the presumption ot fraud: /6m?,- Ex parte Peele, 6 Ves 601 : } ! 1 672 Ull.l.x or SAI.K AM) ClIATTKI. MORTOAOO. Aii»ujHmrnt» for ('riratioii of tlic Chattfl AMortKH>r<> Art, and providcM ii dif- fcn-iit iiiodf of filintt for iimtnim»'iit« of that i-lianiptfr. Tin' Mirtioim arc as follows: — 12. .No aiwiK»inciit iiiatlc for the general iH'iicfit of crcditorM Hiitlcr this Act shall he within the operation of the Chattel Mori Ifajfe Act, hut a notice of the asaignnient shall, as soon as con venientl.v possihle. Im' pulilished at least once \ai\u' Simkati hi wnii (Inzitti, and not less than twice in at least one newspa|>er hav- inK a general circulation in each judicial district in which any of the property assigned is siturtte: liMKi. eh. 25. see. 11 ; 1!»08, ch. 2ti. see. 2. l:{. A duplicate original or copv of every such assigniucMt shall also within ten ihiys from the execution thereof Iw rej,'is tereil Uojrether with an aftiilavit of a witness thereto of tln' due I'xecution of .such duplicate orijriual or of the assignment of which the copy tiled purports to Im> a copy) in the office of the clerk of the registration in the same manner as if such assignments had been registiiv I under the Chattel Mortgage Act. (2) A duplicate original or copy certified by the said n ;.' - tration clerk shall within fifteen days also be filed in the hm i titles, office for the land registration district in which any l.iini vested by this Act in the assi'_'i.ee is situated: 1JK)6, ch. 2.'). .s. . 12: lft()8. ch. :18. sec. 20. ni TlIK HAHKATCIIKW AN A7:i Effect of Hefiitration. 18. Such rcKiMtrafioii nHhII only hiiv.' .ffrct in th.- r.'K'istrH- tion dirtrict when-in such n-ifinf ration hH<« b.-en nmde CO 1898, ch. 43. sec. 10. Effect of Non-oomplianoe with Statute. 13. in cas.' Nuch niortj^aK.- or eonv.-yanc.. an.l affldavitH iir.; not r.'Kiat.-ivd an hon'inb.-for.. provid.-d or in ch>u' th.- .-on- nidoration for which the HAni<- in made ia not truly .•xprcsscd therein, the mortgage or conveyance nhall he absolutely null and void aa against ereditora of the morttragor and airainst sub- sequent purchasera or mortgagees in goo4:j; Ex parte Winter, 29 W.R. .-)7.-.. 44 L.T ■■i'2.>, In Mueller v. Cameron (190..), 2 W.L R .-)24 at .V'7"\Vet "inre. .J., said :— . - . The con.si CIIATTKI. MiiKTi. \ciKS. In "thi> mitii of !|for<> tlii> Hi-tiliiikr niiil ili-livfn of tlitiie pn'M'ntN. " An iiln-Ndy Ntntnl the coiiHiili'nilioii wiin iih Hllt'Kfil paMt iiKlchti-iliifHM dill' ... to tin- clitiiiiant. I tiiii int'liiifd to think, althoutrh I lull of xalc Ih void . . . Ikmniuhi' tin' PoiiNldi'ration In not triil.v I'xpri'NNi'd ; tin* I'xpri'HN ('(iiiNiilrriilion ia fop a present payini'iit, the trni' (•onBidi'riition waH a past indi'))ti'(ltu>flii. " lu IIonnonfcHt v. MnlcliONf (IIIOCI. :{ W.L.H. 171. llu' sjiiih' Court hi'ld that \vlii>ri' the cxjircsN <'onMiiit'riitioii i.s a pri'Hi'iit pnyiiu'nt, and tin' real coiiMidrration wixh a part ciiNli jiaymi'iit and a past JiidtNti'diicas, that thi' minic whh not truly expri'sst-il within till' ini'aninK of tin' Act. Ki'lyiiiK on tlii.s cmmi' and tin- aliovi' dictum, it was iu'ld that a hill of sale ri'dtinu Ihi- conMiiU'r ation of !)il.(MM», whcri! it is in point of fact hascd on a inarria;;t' softloment is void against creditors under this sielion as not heinK u true expre.ssion of the eonsidcratioii : SiiNkatehewiiii Luniher Co. v, Michaud. 1 Siwk. L.K. 412. In Patterson v. i'almer {1!H1), 4 S.L.R. 4H7, at 4!)1, .lii.L'. Wi'tiiiore in.'ikes the followio); olmervation : "1 wish, while deal- ing; with this question, to draw attention to two decisions mad' by myself on the question of statini; the true consideration in a bill of sale. The first one is Wiilliy v. Harris, :{ Terr. Lli 161, where I held, jirnotieally as hiid down in Credit Co. v I'ott, G Q.B.I). "Jit."). . . . and seems to have been suppurteil by the authorities which I cited. In Hennenfest v. Malehose. ; W.Ii,l{. 171, I arrived at a ditTerent conelnsion. Kvidently iii.\ attention was not drawn to Walley v. Harris, and the other ea.sl'^. and I attempted to come to the coiulusion which I would hav. reached if left to my own unaided .judnment, on the principle that the legislature, in making the provision, meant and in- tended what the.v said. I regret this because I am afraid that I caused one of my learned brothers to go astray from the auth orities on the .subject." He further held that where the ri':i! consideration is totally made up of a present cash paynniii and a past indebtedness then due, which is not thus express.. i in the aflfklavit of boiM fides, it is void against creditors iind.'i- this section. The inclusion after a statement of the amount of the moiii'> consideration of general words such as "and other valuable ci'H TIIK SASKATC'MKWW UT. ,-,7,-, Ht.l^rnfiorm" \h uwr- MiirpliWHW'.-, iiii.l .I.,..h not avoi.l tli.- I.ill of Hal.. ,.N not truly .-xpn-wfinR tli.- <-oiiHir|,.rntion Toronto Tvi.,- Foundry Co. v. Riddott, (Saiik. i 10 \t.\,.\i. (;;(.( SfP niRo text, eh. Xlfl. Deicription of Property and Ptrtiei. 14. (.1* amnnlnl IfM-.'-l.'O. All th.. inHtrui...„ts m..ntion..,l in fins Act uhHln-r for fl... nu.rtKa^.., hhI.-, i.^siKnuMiit or tnu.v f.'r of goods and chattels, lKK,k debts, at-countH or d.hts to l«. incurred. Hhall hH forth fh.. .,«.«.*, «urn«m.^, admtions an.l |.OHt office addre«8,.H of all ,»„. ,mrties thereto an.l shall eontaui .sueh sufficient an.l full .I.H.-ri,.tion of sueh koo,Is and ehatt.ls that the same may 1... r.-a.lily an.l easily knoun and di.stin- jfumhed except in the nm- of assiKunients lor tl,.. ir,.,u-rn\ hm,- th of er..(litor8 in which ease the .lescription shall I.,, sutlieient if It conforms to the provisions of the A.ssi,„„„n,ts Art in th.t Mialf: CO. 18!)8, eh. 4:{, se... 12, lfl()M-!». el, 1.-, s.e 17 ■ - ( Geo. V. (1912-13) eh. 4(1. see. li',, am. D.srribiny Ih, ChatUh in a Hill of Snlr or Chat hi Morl<„„„ A d.>t.cription of cattle l.y l.ran.l Is sufficient with.mt anv hK^al.ty beiiisr given, so a.s to include ran... enttle r,M,min^' ov.r a large extent of unenclosed cuntry: (Jravel.y v. Springer 3 Terr. I.R. 12). affirming 2 N. W.T. .m. .{4 C.L.i. 1.15 ; s.. Lson V Macdonahl. 25 r.C.CJ.P. 439; Fi,.],! v. Hart. 22 A.R. f()„t., As to what constitutes a sufficient description of goods, se.- Lc 10 „f° h n*?*'- *f "°*'' **" •■"•■■ '2 «f Alberta Act, an.l t.. sec. K) of the Ontario Act. Where to Segiiter. 16. (.1, amnuhd 1912-13). The proper registration offi.vr tor instruments being mortgages and transf.-rs of i,..rsonal pro- p.rty shall be the clerk of the registration district in which the property d.'scribed in the mortgage or transfer is at the time cf the execution of the instrument, or in case of a sale assi-n- ment or transfer of book debts or accounts, the clerk of the n-- g.^frat.on district in which the vendor, assignor or transferor \ f 576 BILUS OP SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOES. carries on business; such registration clerks shall file all such instruments presented to them respectively for that purpose* and shall indorse thereon the time of receiving the same in their respective offices and the same shall be kept there for the in- spection of the public, subject to the payment of the proper fees: CO. 1898, ch. 43, sec. 13; 2-3 Geo. V. (1912-13) eh. 4t). sec. 35, am. Entry of iBttmmenti. 16. Every such clerk shall number each instrument or copy filed in his office and shall enter in alphabetical order in a book to be provided by him the name of the mortgagor in each such instrument with the number indorsed thereon oj)- posite to each name: CO. 1898, ch. 43, sec. 14; 1908-9, ch. 1.'., sec. 17 (2). Urcording thr Bill of Sale or Chattel Mortgage. See sec. 20 of the Ontario Act. Orowingr or Future Crops; Seed Grain Indebtedneu. 17. No mortgage, bill of sale, lien, charge, incumbrance, conveyance, transfer or assignment hereafter made, cKceutid or created and which is intended to operate and have efVcct as ii security shall in so far as the same assumes ^o bind, cnm prise, apply to or affect any growing crop or crop to be ffrowii in future in whole or in part be invalid except the same !)<■ made, executed or created as a security for the purcha.se pric' and interest thereon of seed grain. (2) Every mortgage or incumbrance upon Krowinjr crops m crops to be grown, made or created to secure the purilmsi price of seed grain shall be held to bi; within the provision.s m this Act and the affidavit of bom fides amon^ the other ncii > sary allegations shall contain a statement that the sjiiih' s taken to secure the purchase price of seed grain. (3) No mortgage or incumbrance to secure the price of .stil grain shall lie given upon any crop which is not sown withn 1 ■!; THE SASKATCHEWAN ACT. 577 one year of the date of the execution of the said mortgage or incumbrance. (4) Every registration clerk shall be entitled to receive the same fees for his services as provided for under section 35 of this Act. (5) Every such seed grain mortgage so taken ami filed shall not be affected by or subject to any chattel mortgage or bill of sale previously given by the mortgagor or by any writ of execution against the mortgagor in the hands of the sheriff at the time of the registration of such seed grain mortgage but such seed grain mortgage shall be a first and preferential sec- urity for the sum therein mentioned; the date of the purchase of seed grain, the number of bushels purchased and the price thereof per bushel must be stated !n the mortgage as well as in the affidavit «f bo,.a fides: CO. 1898, ch. 43. sec IS- 1908 9 eh. 15, sec. j 3). ' ' ' Growing or Uncut Crops. This section applies only to an instnimeni intended to Hireet growing crops, but not to crops severed from the land Tn t ""™'''"*^ ^'''"''^ "^ "•'""^^ "^ possession under ;^J .!"'' »° '"»'P"nent of a lease intended to cover the ops must, ,n so far as it is intended to cover the growing or ,„ tr^'-J" '^Tu^ '" conformity with this sJtion and a o the portion of the cut crops the instrument must be re KHtered under sec. 11 where there is no actual or continued Procedure Under Chattel Kortgage on Default. '" rnless it is otherwise specially provided therein, goods 18. -rw«..j piutuieu merein, goods a.ul chattels assigned under a mortgage or conveyance intended <> operate as a mortgage of goods and chattels shall be liable to H. seized or taken possession of by the grantee for anv of the following causes:— 1. If the grantor shall make default in payment of the sum or sums of money thereby secured at the time therein provided ^7— ilLU OV »ALt. "•, ' ! i i 578 BILLS or SALE AND CHATTEL M0BT0A0E8. for payment or in the performance of any covenant or agree- ment contained in the mortgage or conveyance intended to operate as a mortgage and necessary for maintaining the sec- urity ; 2. If the grantor shall, without the written permission of the grantee, either remove or suffer the goods or any of them to be removed from the registration district within which they are situate; 3. If the grantor shall suffer the said goods or any of them to be distrained for rent, rates or taxes or shall suffer the said goods or any of them to be liable to seizure for rent by reason of default of the grantor in paying the same when due ; 4. If execution shall have been levied against the goods of the grantor under any judgment at law; 5. If the grantor riiall attempt to sell or dispose of or in any way part with the possession of the said goods : CO. 18!tS. ch. 43, sec. 16. Waiver by Mortgagor. Although a mortgagee may have no right to take powession of the mortgaged chattels, still, if he does so, and the mortsiitror a.ssents thereto, the possession is lawful quoad the mortgairor. and such assent may be implied from conduct: Adams v. Ilui chings, 3 Terr. L.R. 206, distinguishing Dedrick v. Ashdowii, 15 Can. S.C.R. 227. Blank in Intfrmt Clause. The "sum secured" in a chattel mortgage, may. if the cmi text implies that interest shall be paid, include the legal rat. i.i interest, although the rate of interest has been left blank: Coni. land v. Paris Plow Co.. (Sask.) 14 W.L.R. 689, varying V.\ }V.I,. R. 682, and following Cross v. Douglas, 3 S.L.R. 97. at HI.. UighU and Dutiis of Mortgager. It is the duty of the mortgagee, when he seizes chattels im der a chattel mortgage, for the purpose of selling them, lo realize the best price that can be obtained; and, if he tails to make use of such means as may be necessary to secure such lun •. he must account to the mortgagor for the full value of the pia THE SASKATCHEWAN ACT. ! '" 579 perty: Gnm«i V. Gauthier, 1 S.L.R. 54; National Bank of A,«tral.a V. United Hand, etc. (1879), 4 AC. 391; «e McHuKh V. Union Bank, (P.C.) 10 D.L.R. 562. 44 Can. S.C.k 47r * aivl L"^ '^""™ "°*^*'' ^^"^ P*'^^'' '° « c»'««el mortgage given to secure payment of a promissory note cannot be exer- r ? ;' ^•'tTP'''*' '*P*^"^'°° «' *»•« J««t d«y of grace of hat t me, where no other ground exists, is premature and un- lawful, and W.11 entitle the mortgagor to damages for the fu"l value of the goods less the amount due to the mortgagee: West- Hi?i nsTQ^' . A r;;o'^°,'r"' '^ ^'■^■^■^ 211; Trumbull v !r^^-^ ^i,^ A.C. 342; McAulay v. Allen, 20 U.C C P 417- \\ ilhams V. Stern, 5 Q.B.D. 409. On appeal (Westaway v. Stewart. 2 S.L.R. 178), it was held la mages, that .n order to justify entry and seizure before de- ault, under a chattel mortgage containing a clause providing !ir"tl'L' ^•"^"f J"'"^'*^*''* **•*■ "'ortgagee deems the mort ^..i.'e to be insecure before the sum payable thereunder is due it must af.pear. that the mortgagee did actually deem the mort '^m- w:^'■^"' ''r'™^ '•*' '"''^- ^''« -*••>•• -» that "S . ntn «as made on that ground. Furthermore that it is a mat- in entirely m he dweret.on of the trial Judge whether he assei tli" .lamages claimed m an action or refer it to the local ^ ; ;": •'^-' ^^^' <^upland v. Paris Plow Co.. (Sask ) 14 W I H. t.89. varying 13 W.L.R. 682. ' Where the seizure is legal and the mortgaged chattels are s.. by private sale instead of at public auction the nio gagee -II be charged with the highest price obtainable iLl hTd .-sonable «nd proper care, an a prudent pe«on. to obtain he .1 to .lescend upon the claimant for rent is probablv too re- 'te «„ element in the assessment of .lamage.s. partieularlv .'■?.; 'th'" T: ''"*";«-"y.«»^'»-'- - a ground of special Z. .'t.- ... the statement of claim.- Couplan.l v. Paris, etc. (supra. Similarly the loss resulting from refusal of cre.lit by reason < • a wrongfu seizure where the party is able to pav ^ash fo .0.1s required, or the loss occasioned by tra.ie goi, g'ellVhen. *'-'>'ot iH. properly included: Baron v. Drewerv 4 .sTk -'e' ' ll '! ! !i i il ;t < Sit t 'i f i I i 580 BILLS OP SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. 16 W.L.R. 717. Failure of the claimant to claim before seiz- ure, certain goods not covered by the mortgage, when a ware seizure is to be made, may create an estoppel from impeaching the seizure or the proceedings thereunder: Ibid., following Im- perial Brewer v. Oelin, 18 Man. L.R. 283. On a realization of mortgaged property under a power of sale contained in a chattel mortgage, the mortgagee should be allowed to deduct from the amount realized the reasonable ex- penses of such realization, such as the necessary costs of r.' moval and care of the chattels in keeping them in good con- dition: McHugh V. Union Bflnk. (PC.) 10 D.L.R. 562. For a case of an injunction at the suit of a second mortgagee against a sale, under chattel mortgage, see McDonald v. Scearec, (Y.T.) 5 W.L.R. 324. In Btroi V. Drewcry. 4 Sask. L.R. 26, the question arose as to damages for seizing under a chattel mortgage certain hotel furnishings not included in the mortgage. It was shewn tli:it certain of the travelling public who otherwise would have pat- ronized the plaintiff's hotel, having seen the advertisement of his goods for sale, went to the rival hotel. Lamont, J., said: "This is evidence of damage, but it is not evidence of damage resulting from the wrongful seizure and advertisement for salt; of the goods not covered by the mortgage as distinguished from the rightful seizure, and advertisement for sale of the goods included in the mortgage. The defendants had a clear right to seize all the g^^ods covered by their mortgage and to offer tlie same for sale. For any loss of business to the plaintiff arisiiiR from such seizure and offer for sale, the defendants are not liable. In order to hold the defendants liable the plaintiff must shew that the loss he sustained resulted from the wrongful :iets of the defendant, that is, from the seizure and advertistnimt for sale of the goods not included in the mortgage, ami not from the , eizure and advertisement of the goods which the de- fendant* were rightfully entitled to take. No loss resulting solely from the wrongful seizure of the goods not covere.l !>>• the mortgage was shewn. The damage which was Rhewn, nu-'lit, 80 far as the evidence goes, have resulted just the same it no goods but the mortgaged property had been seized." Costs of Seizure and Sale. Sees. 2 and 3, ch. .51, R.S.S. 1909. respecting extra jiili'ial seizure regulate the costs of st-izures under chattel innrtsjatrea t I! .i '. >}l ;'ii THE SASKATCHEWAN ACT. 581 and provide statutory penalties for exacting any charges not in accordance with the statutory schedule. It reads as fol- lows:— 2. No person making any seizure under the authority of any chattel mortgage, bUl of sale, or any other judicial process whatsoever nor any person employed in any manner in making such seizure or doing any act whatsoever in the course of such seizure, ^r for carrying the same into effect shall have, take or receive out of the proceeds of the goods and chattels seized and sold from the person against whom the seizure may be directed or from any other person whomsoever any other or more costs or charges for and in re.spect of such seizure or any matter or thing done therein or thereunder than such as are fixed in the schedule hereto, and applicable to each act which shall have iM-en done in course of such seizure, and no person or persons shall make any charge whatsoever for any act or matter or thmg mentioned in the said schedule unless such act, matter or thing shall have been really performed and done: CO 1898 i'li. 34, sec. 2. 3. If any person making any distress or seizure referred to m sees. 1 and 2 of this Act shall take or receive any other or prreater costs or charges than are set down in the said schedule or make any charge whatsoever for any act, matter or thing iii*'ntioned in the said schedule and not really performed or done, he shall be liable at the suit of the party aggrieved to treble the amount of moneys taken contrary to the provisions of this Act and costs of action : CO. 1898, ch. 34, sec. 3. SCHEDrLE. 1. Levying distre&s H q^j 2. Man in possession, per day i 59 •'}. Appraisement, whether by one appraiser or more, two cents on the dollar on the value of goods up to $500, and one per cent. o„ the dollar for each addi- ditional $500 or fraction thereof up to $2,000. find one-half per cent, on all sums over that amount. 4 All reasonable and nece isary disbursements for ad- vertising. •>. Catalogue, sale, commission and delivery of goods, three per cent, on the net proceeds of thf jroods up to $1,000, and one and one-half per cent, there- after. i !:l!U ; I: I ! . 1 • (3 ii 4 !] i ■ ! i < 7 ^ T { (t 5 4l t X ' ii 582 BILLH or HALE AND CIIATTBL. M0RTUA0E8. Statutory Penalty; Return of Treble the Exceu. The infliction of the penalty provided in sec. 3 of eh. H4. of the North- West Territories Consolidated Ordinances, 1898. to the effect that, if greater or other than statutory costs he taken by the person making a distress, the Court "may" order such person to pay the party aggrieved treble the amount of moneys taken in excess, is permissive only : McHugh v. Union Bank, ID D.L.R. 563, 11913] A.C. 299. The statutory penalty under these sections may be waived by the parties: Collins v. Eaton, (Alta.) 19 W.L.R. 608. See note to sec. 16, Alberta Act. Renewal of Chattel Mortragei. 19. Every mortgage or conveyance intended to operate us a mortgage filetl in pursuance of this Act shall cease to be vali>l a« against the creditors of the persons making the same mid against subsequent purchasers or mortgagees in good faith for valuable consideration after the expiration of two years from the filing thereof unless within thirty days next preceding tli. expiration of the said term of two years a statement exhibitiiij; the interest of the mortgagee, his executors, administrators or assigns in the property claimed by virtue thereof and a full statement of the amount still due for principal and inttr.-s! thereon and of all payments made on account thereof is til..l in the office of the registration clerk of the district where ih ■ property is then situate with an affidavit of the mortgagee or of one of several mortgagees or of the assignee or one of scv.riil assignees or of the agent of the mortgagee or assignee or moii- gagees or assignees duly authorized for that purpo8<>. its tl- case may be, stating that such statements are true and that slu- said mortgage or conveyance has not been kept on foot fur iriy fraudulent purpose which statement and affidavit slmll !i-' deemed one instrument: CO. 1898, ch. 43, sec. 17; l!t(Hi. li 12, sec. 2; 1908, ch. 25, sec. 1. Renewal Statement to be Filed. The fact that the time of payment extends beyond thf ; ni.» within which the renewal should be filed does not n'm!.-- th- THE SA8KATCUBWAN ACT. 583 mortgagre void: SprinRer v. Oraveley, 34 C.L.J. 135, 2 N.W.T. :<06, affirmed in Oraveley v. Spriuger, 3 Terr. L.R. 120. See note to Alberta Act, aec. 17. Successive renewal statements of a chattel mortgage need not shew all the credits on account of the mortgage ; it is Huffi- cient if each statement contains the payments made since the last renewal: Rogers v. Marshall. 7 O.L.R. 291, overruling Kerr V. Roberto (1897), M V.L.J. 695, and specially referring to Christin v. Chriatin, 1 O.L.R. 6;M. See sec. 21 (1) of the Ontario Act. Form of Benewal Statement. 20. Such statement and affidavit shall l>e in the following form or to the like effect : — (lirnewal Statement.) Statement exhibiting the interest of ('. D. in the property mentioned in the chattel mortgage dated the day of 19 , made between A. B. of of the one part and C. D. of of the other part and filed in the office of the registration clerk of the registration district "f ((U the vase may be) on the ''«y of 19 , and of the amount due for principal and interest thereon and of all payments made on account thereof. The said C. D. is still the mortgagee of the said property and has not assigned the said mortgage [or the said E. F. is the assignee of the said mortgage by virtue of an assignment thereof from the said C. D. to him dated the day '•'' 19 , or as the vase may he). Xo paymento have been made on account of the said mort- Kajre (or the following paymento and no other have been made nil account of the said mortgage : 19 .—Jan. 1— Cash received $ ) The amount still due for principal and interest on the said mortgage is the sum of dollars computed as follo^-s: (Here give the vomputation.) CD. f! 584 BILLS or BALE AND CHATTEL MOBTOAOES. {Affidavit.) Province of Saskatchewan, To wit: I, of , the mortgagee named in the chattel mortgage mentioned in the foregoing (or annexed) statement (or assignee of the mort- gagee named in the chattel mortgage mentioned in the fort'- going or annexed statement, aa the cate may be) make oatli and say : 1. That the foregoing (or annexed statement) is true. 2. That the chattel mortgage mentioned in the raid statement has not been kept on foot for any fraudulent purpose. Sworn before me at in the Province of Saskatchewan this day of , 19 . C. O. 1898, ch. 43, sec. 18. Benewal Teurly after Fint Renewal. 21. Another statement in accordance with the provisions nt section 20 hereof duly verified as required by that section sli.ill be filed in the office of the registration clerk of the distriit where the property is then situate within thirty day« next preceding the expiration of the term of oue year from the ilii.\ of the filing of the statement required by the said section l" and in default thereof such mortgage shall cease to lie valnl as against the creditors of the person making the same inui ms against purchasers and moitgagees in good faith for vahinl.l.' consideration and so on from year to year; that is to s.iy another statement as aforesaid duly verified shall be filed witlim thirty days next preceding the expiration of one year from tli.' day nf the filing of the former statement and in default thenni such mortgage shall cease to be valid as aforesaid. f goods, or in case of a sale, assignment or traiwfer of lK>ok I ill 1 r ' Jf 586 BIIX8 «»r HAL* AND CHATTKl. MORTOAOEH. ft i debti, Bccounte or dehtB to Jh> incurretJ, to an incorporated com- pany the afUdavit of bona fidft re«iuired by thia Act ami the affidavit re«|uired upon the renewal of a chattel mortgage may b.- made by the (president or vice-preaident, manairer, aaaiatant manager, awretary or treaiiurer of auch company or by any other officer or agent of auch company duly authoria-d by renolii- tion of the dirertom in that behalf; any such affWlavit made by an officer or jigt-nt ahall state that the deponent in aware of the circumatancea connected with the aale or mortgage, aa the vast- may be, and haa peraonal knowlwlge of the fact* depose endoraed on a copy or duplicate of tli< mortgage aa aforeaaid) of auch diacharge or partial diitchar^< in the form following or to the like effect : — {Form of Certificate of Discharge.) Province of Saakatchewan, Registration Diatrict of Thia ia to certify that an inatrument purporting to l><- discharge iu full (tween A. B. ot an mortgagor and ('. p. of n« mortgaRfc haa liwn filed in the office of the clerk of the regiatration «lwtrict of on the day of (andin canr of a partial ilim har;ir t\mt the gooda or pn)perty inentione<' aiatof describing thfd CO. 1898, eh. 43, aec. 27. KamoTtl of CliattaU Mon; ^c , ''. t<' 30. No gooda or c. i i, .;i i into another regiatrati isiri * f. tion to remove be mai ' ,< >.i , { gagee at hia laat known ],' .,<' u <. daya prior to auch removal. (." < > •«»h pHrtiaJ diHoharKi- eon- .upiriv). .v., ritrk. I ' • . t' h.ii ' I- removed '■1 ' .- ' iTf if thf inten- 1 i-i CL-.liii.i 10 the mort- al .1 '••> , than twenty ''M. .-1, ■, s, .. 28. .It u laother Diitriet Re-flling Mortgage on SemoTal or from Another JnriidiotioB. 31. In the event of the permanent removal of gooe null and void aa againat aubaequent purchasers and lort- Rageea in good faith for valuable conaideration aa if never executed. (2) In the event of the permanent removal into Saakat- thewan of gooda and chattels aubject to a mortgage or bill of ^f \ I 1 ■ i I ; I 590 BILXe or HALE AND CHATTEL HORTOAaER. ■ale made, executed or created without Saskatchewan from a place in which they were at the time of the execution of said mortgage or bill of sale a copy thereof and of the aflklavit and documentit and inatrumenta relating thereto proved to be a true copy by the affidavit of some peidon who has compared the same with the originals shall be filed with the registration clerk of the district to which such gooda ami chattels are removetl within three weeks from such removal otherwise the mortgag<'«' or bargainee shall not l>e permitted to set up any right of pro- perty or right of possession to said goods and chattels against the creditors of the mortgagor or bargainor or against subse- quent purchasers or mortgagees in gooil faith for valuable con- sideration. €.0. 1898, ch. 43, sec. 29; 1908, ch. 2.'), sec. 3. Urmitval of (iowh. See m*?. 19 of the OntHrio Act, anil note to 8cc. 29, AUnTtii Act. On the principle of comity each sovereignty accords to tin- other a n'cognition of rights created within its respj-ctive liound arioson subject matters thereon Hituated. provided they are iMt in conflict with the positive law or public policy of the placr wherein they are sought to be enforce*!. Heuee, apart from statute such as this a chattel mortgagi valid according to tbi- laws wherein the ehattelx are situateent purchasers by re(|Hiring tli' registration of n copy of the original instnnnent within tlit weeks from the permanent removal of the gooi( nl l'iinhaj(( r.i. The "Hul»M'(|Uent purchaser" must be one who purclias.-.l after the expiration of tlie three weeks from the time of niiioval though a copy of the mortgage has not been filwl as providnl. it is valid as against a sale made within sucli periwi. UuIImti ^ I'.terson. :t«<'an. S.C.K. :t24. reversing (i Terr. I..R. 114. TBI SASKATCHEWAN ACT. 591 ETidenoe; Certiied Copiea. S8. Copiea of any inatrument filed under this Act certified by the registration clerk or the registrar of joint stock com- paniea ahall be received as prima facie evidence for all purposes as if the original instrument was produced and also as prima facie evidence of the execution of the original instrument ac- cording to the purport of such copy and the clerk's or regis- trar** certificate shall aUo In* prima fa0 ctiits. 6. For copies of any document filed under this Act, with certificate thereof, every 1(X) words, 10 i-ents. l!»OH-!», ch. 1">. sec. 17(5) ; 1!K>!», ch. 3.5, sec. 28 (3). Bailway Equipment Bond Mortgafes or Trait Deeds. 36. In the case of a bill of sale or of a UMMrtigHge or V-onv. > ance for the purpos*' of securing Uinds or delH-nturi'« iiiiul.- Ia an incorporated company of cars, ii ■ of joint stock coiiipunies within the time limited by lliis As for filing chattel mortgagt>8; sueh bill of sale, mortgage or i.in veyanee shall have priority from the date nf filing anil >n mortgage or conveyance shall retiiaiii in force without the ii - sity of renewal or of any sflidavils of exwiitioii or hoixi U'l until the same has been discharged and satisfied; and a (U-mIih • of such mortgage or erK()nal property. IfMKI, eh. :jr,. si>c, l'H((;i SCIfKDILK. |Tl,e«.heduleor the Act conHi.HtH of Form A, dn-adv printed ...Hl-r atv. !.: Form B. already print.Ml nn.ler >..■. 27- and the nrder-m^ouncil of Septenvber 17. 1907, already printed .u.der t -•iu.» Of ».«l.«. CHATTEL MORTGAGE FORMS. ! I-'. CHATTEL MORTGAGE. {General form, with xpecial clauses.) (R.S.(>. 1914. .. 1.1S.1 Tins iNnKNTTRK made tht- - .lay of - 19-. hetw. n of the — of ill the county of . ■ herein Hfter cHlleil tlie iiiortgatror, of the tirst part, and of tli. - of in the county of , hereinafter ,ii!l.,i the inorttragee of the second part. \ViTMi*.>'KTii that the morttjaRor in consideration of dollars to him paid by the mortga^.i' at or before the se«lii.;' and .lelivery of th.-se presents (the receipt whereof is herehv aeknowledK^»n doth hen-by grant, bargain, sell and assign unto the mortgag.-.-. his executors, adminis'. ators and as.signe. all mul .singular. IhsiriptioH and locality of (hatttli. The g.KKls and chattels following, that is to say : [Hrir m., r' a full ami atoirah- .Ifscriplion of lach artick intcn^nt h >■■ morts, nh. ,u limit' I II III, lanilH iiv»» m*''"* "•« H<»>d-i> ' '' •> <"■" "' '*'' ''"' „/ ill. inrution of thr mortfiafjf, and th, rxaci IncaliUi of ■■nli (irtiili 111 iiiiirhi - nature an.l kind the pro- |..rty of the mortgagor, without re.strietion to the deseriptioii in th,. schedule hereto annexed marked "A. ' whieh are now in and upon the Hi,i,l hotel and lands her..inhefore n.entione.l ; and also all other wines. liquors an.l eigars. furniture, household stuff HM.I all other go«perty of tl... mortgagor, shall be l.iousrht in or up- .11 the said hotel and lands .luring ihe .-.mtinuanee of this se.-ur- it.» or any renewal thereof. Farm .sto w.ll HR before the last .lay h.-r.'inafter provide,! for payment. until the mortgage is fully paid. Crops. The crops growing or to I).' grown during the year 19—, "!i the lilfscribr thr particular lands]. \ \ \ \ SM BlIJ-S or SALE AND CHATTKI- MOBTOAOI.W. il if M Orain, crop* and produce (a). And alM all wed. Rrain and other need or vegetabli's for seeding purpmiHi now upon or which may hen-after Iw upon the aaid lands, and also the crops and produce of every dewrip tion whether (jrain. hay, clover, vegetables or fruit now in piw.Ms of growth, or which may hereafter be in process of growth, upon the said lands during the continuance of thij« si-curity an.l any renewal thereof, and whilst the said lands are in po8i»e*»ion of the mortgagor and after as well as liefon- the last day h.r.in after provided for payment, until the mortgage is fully pwid. tli. intention be'injr that this mortgagt- shall attach on such eroiw. in every «ta»re until their maturity and after their maturity wli. ther severetl or not fron> the realty. Book dtbh. And by way of adtlitional security for the moneys h.i.l.> secured, the ntortvtiror doth hereby ({rant, bargain, sell iin.l assign unto the mortgagee all book debts, elaims. money, .l.-niiiiil. mortgages, bills. note«. cheques, judgments, choses in n.ti.m. both present antl future, and all books and papers, both pr ■- ni and future, '-ontaining any entries of or in any wis.' ivl.iiinir thereto, and particularly all such book debts, claims. nion.>. .lemands, mortgai.'.*. bills, notes, cheques, ju.lgm.nts. .lu.v s in action, l)ooks and pai^rs which arise in connection with -i or are relatwl to or shall hereafter arise in connection witt. -i- relate to the business now carried on or which shall hereat'i. i I.. carried on by the mortgM^tor. raymint of tnorlgagi' monnj. Provided thai if the mortgagor, bis exwutors or adniini."' .1 tors, pay or i-au*- to b«' paid unto th.- mortgagee, his ix •.M^to^^ administrators or assinns. the sum of — dollars, with mr .-t in) S.....! <;niiii MortKWiP-i may !«• -ul>j.-.l I.. M»'<-'"l -"""'"• -tri<-ti..n«. ** t.. whirl. X-.- tlip staliit.-^ •,.•1 f"itli in tin- «.>il- '" ' ' - CHATTEL MCHrrOAOE rORM8. 597 thereon at tli<- rate of p«.p cent, (fc) per anriiiiu as foUowi: \Hfn »it out th> lime ami modt of paymrnt], then these pre- Hi-iits shall lie void. Not, !iiv(n (M voUateral lecurity. Whtn a i>romu»ory not, it t/ivrn a» lollahral », curtly, add llu followimj ufUr »rHi»f, out Iht timr and mode of payment; or shall pay or eause to Im- paid h eertain promissory note bear- iiiif even date hen-with made by the mortgagor to the mortgagee, payable months \„r „>, Ih, ,as< may h, \ after the date tli.n-of for the sum of - dollars with inf-rest tliereon at the rate of per cent, p.-r annum, or shall pay or cause to be l.jii.l all renewals of the said note luaturing within th.- perio"-'"• tlm„ .-. ,».r aniHim -MmW I* .harK.-;;.!;. „r r, ...v.-rHl.|, uiile« the ,,.n(r«,.» hU., ,1„.w, thr v..«rlv r.t.- to whi.-h th.- «th,, ■l..t-,l that 11... ,„ter«f af„r,..»i,| U „|„iv»l..„t t.. the v«irlv r«tr ,., J-r ivnr.ijjM i>f per (viit," ' 1 mk-r the(»nt«ri.. 4tul , ■_• (i„.. v. .-. .14. It.S.O. |!tu. .• H«| „ „.f.,n,l *';;«. fT.'"' "' '*"'"" f ""■ '"'^^""" '" '•"l"""-' "' « '••'"■ "^" .■^..■.^linK *-««'. If tl».re I, a .•..m,.«|,neiit ..r ««Bi«.ion by the l-n.h-r .,f any material .;i.t ..r t..rni ,>f the .onlra.t or ..f the rale |«.r .-enl |,er anni.;.. if *kI. ...iH.M.l,.,ent ..r ,.iiii«i,„, i,„lu.-e, the cntra.-t and the .•,.,! .,f the !,.an .v.v,.,N 10 y^r aniium. Thi, applien ,,Mvian.y I., .hattel .....rt^faue, in '' ""' "'K'-'-" '•> r««Ty.Hl hilt a .a.h .li«M,„nt in taken in ...ivame i> In Maiiitolw. Alherla, .S«,katehewan aii.l the Viik-ii IVrrilorv • . ■ |..rj.«| „ two year* ( R.S.M., e. II, h. fl; «)r.|, i \|t„ i,iii , , j;, , V '• ^^ \^f"r, for hinwlf, hiit exet-utont and adminis tratorB, hereby eovonant* with the mortgagee, his executors administrators ami aiwigns, that In- will pay or cause to Jk- pai.l to the mortgaKw, tho said sum of money in the above proviso mentioned, with iiilen'st tli.Teoii an aforesaid on the days mxi times and in th.- iiianiitT above limite.l for the payment th.-not I'ou'trs on default. And also, in ca*.- ili-faulf shall b«' made in the payment t.i the said money in the said provino mentioned, or of the interest ther<>on. or any part thereof, or if tiie inortK'agor shall '■ witlioiit having first obtaineinov. or attempt to remove them, or aii.\ part thereof, out of th.' county or , \or, from the l.iiiK where they are n w or to which they may have been removed with the eonaeat «»f the mortpigi-e!. or if the mortgaire.-. li -< extH'utors. adaiiniHtrator* or asaitnis should at any time l.'l unsafe or insrrurt-. or iWm the saiil k'ooda and chattels in dani." r of b«'in^ sold w n-mov.-.!. or if there shall Im- issued ajrainst Mi' mortgagor, his est'fufors or administrators, any writ or pro. v^ for a money demand or any writ of execution or any wamiu of (ImtresH for any rent «r taxes in respect of the lands m "v CHATTKL MORTOAOX lOSHR. 5M upon whieh the uid gooda and chatUlM, or uny part thereof, m«y at any time durinfr the currency of thw mortgngc, or any renewal thereof be situate, or if the mortfragor shall suffer, allow or permit a judgment to be obtained against him for any debt. or shall suffer the said gooda and chattels, or any of them, lo be seised or taken in expcntion, or shall suffer, allow or permit any rent, taxes, rates or aasesHmeitts whatsoever for whieh he now is, or may hereafter, while this mortgage, or any renownl thereof, shall be in force, be liable or asaenied in respect of aM\- lands whereon the said trcMxIa and ehattels or any of th.in m«y then be MJtuate, to remain unpaid and unsatisfied for a periml of daya after the ajime have Ih-eome due; or it !he mortgagor, his e.xwuton or administratow, shall fail to pay th.- rent iirisingout of the lands and premiwa upon which are situate and lying the .-•lid gooda and chatt.-la, at any time during the continuanee of thin security, or any renewal thereof, promptly when \u,: daya at least iK'fore) sueh rent iHfom.H due, or if the mortgagor, hm executora or administrators, shall fail to insure and keep in- Miin-d the said gomls and eliattels within tli.- meaning of the pro- visions of this indenture, or shall abandon the said gooda and eliattels, or any part thereof, or make an assignment for the Ix-nefit of hia creditors, or be arri-wt.-d on any criminal charge, or if a writ of capijm or of attachment or or.ler of arrest shall issue againat the mortgagor, or if default shall be made in the IM-rformancc of any of the covenanta by the mortgagor in this indenture contained, then and in every such case all the money v«ured by this indenture shall, at the option of the mortgagee, lii« executors, adminiatratora or assigns, immediately become due :iiid Ik' payable, and the mortgagee, hia exwutors. administrators ..r iiaaigns may, w-ith his or their servants, and with such other JiHKistance aa he or they may n-quin; at any time during the i(iy or nijrht. enter into and upon any lands, tenements, houses iikI places wheresoever and whatsoever where the said goods Hiid chattels, or any part thereof, may be. and such persons may h m 1 i 'Fi 1 t T i i ■ M:I _ i ■\'- III 60(» Bll 144 or MAMC AND CIIATTKI. MIMTUA>. hrviik Hiiti force opfii any lioora, locks, barm, liolta, faatcniuKa, hintMM. Ktttxi. ffncea, houai*N. huildinim, eDclosnrea and placet for the purpoae of taking iMMtaeaaion of and removing th« aaid good* and chattela: \Ih Ihi (oae of a mortgage of growing cropt, aiUI, and if the taid cropN hnve not matured at the time of tak- ing poweii«ion HM aforeMiiil, then the mortgagee, hia execttton, adminitttrHtom or Huaignii Nhall Ite at lilM'rty to remain in poaaea ■ion of the nHiii preniimw until the crops aforeauid have matured and lieen convertetl into niarketalilc form and aold.] and upon and from and Hfter the taking pomeaNion of auch gooda and chnttelH HH iifon-MHid the mortgagee, hia executora, adminiatra- ton< or aaaiguH. and cwch or any of them, may and he and they are hen'hy tiulhorixi-d and empowered to aell the said gooda and chattelN, or any of Ihein. or ony part thereof, at public auction or privatf aale. hn to him, thfin, or any of them may aeem meet : and from and out of thepiiH-eedaof auch aale in the first plnce to pay all auch suuim of money and interest aa may then be aecured hy virtue of these preaenta, and all coats and exitenaea whicli liHVf Ih'ch incurred by the mortgagee, hia cxecuton*, administra- tors or HMNJgnH. in the protei'tion of this security, or in conae queu(;e of tlii' ilefault, neglect or failure of the mortgagor, hiN executont, iidniinlMtriitors or uaaigna, in payment aa above mt-ii- tioiied or in ri'Mpeet of the non-performance of any covenant herein enntained or in eonacquence of auch aale or removal or otherwiae aa above inentione and inter(>at thereon aa may Ite seeiiDMl by thesM' prewnta and of the eo»t«, ehargea and expenses in eurred by hucIi seizure and aale aa afor<>8aid. I'ai/mi lit of ilificii Hiif. And the mortgagor doth hereby for himself, hia executor^ and administrators further covenant and agree with the iiiort gagee. Iiis exmU- nn hHovh iuhii- tionwl MhHll not lie mifflcifnt to \ny the wholf wnioiiiit paynlil*- iimli-r th.' |>ruvi»ioiiii of thin imlfntii v at th»- tiiiii- of mich mK h.'. th.- mortgairor, hi* fx.HMitoni or ailministratorN. iihall forth- with pa.v or i-aiiw to \h' pai.'. hia .-xecutorN. a.lminiatrHtoni or aaaiinm the ninount of awh .letieii-ncy. aa wfll MH ami irMluilini; all coHtn hii.I .'X|n>iin.>« whi.-h may hnv.- Ih-.-ii in- • iirrt'd hy th.- morf»th.Twim. hn Hf.ir.-. Hiiitl. /•»<«■./• ^( siH ikatliU xijtaraU from Iniuf. I »'A. « th> M.,il II a» lollut, ml suuntij l„ a mort- iit on th.- mortKaKi-.-. Ills .'xeeufon., ailininialratorH or aiiaiiriia. to m-ll and .iigpoa** of th.- Haid jfooiU ami .-liatteia. hut that in caw- of any .lefanlt aa alc.r,-(«iid th.- iimrtimtr'-.-. Iiin .-x.viitorH, a.lminiittnitorM or aaaiffUA imiy p.-aei-ably and quietly have, hold, urn-, occupy. paNHt>HH and ' ii.ioy the aai.l »roo^PPLIED INl^GE !n^ aK '6-5 tost Uo.r St'eel r',» Rocrie3t«r Ne» rorU 14609 uSA ■ (716) 2S8 - ^989 - Fa> ! ! 602 BILI>> OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. n. . Bl ments hereinbefore mentioned, or any part thereof, distrain for the whole principal sum then unpaid, with the accrued interest thereon. Mortgagee put in possession. And the mortgagor doth put the mortgagee in full possession of the said goods and chattels by delivering to him this in- denture, at the sealing and delivery hereof, in the name of all the said goods and chattels. Stock ill trade to be kept up. The mortgagor, for himself, his executors and administrators, covenants with the mortgagee, his executors, administrators anriitiny the period may Ix" two yoaro. but in limitpd to one year in Ontario. CHATTEL MORTGAGE FORMS. 605 ghall at any time during the continuance of this security be added to the said goods and chattels either as an augmentation thereof or in substitution for any part or article thereof which may happen to be lost or cease to exist or be sold or disposed of, then such additional or substituted goods and chattels shall be deemed to be covered and assigned and mortgaged by these pre- sents and to be subject to all the terms, covenants, conditions and powers herein contained. Costs of mortgage and niifwals. The mortgagor covenants with the mortgagee that he will l)ay the costs, charges and expenses of and incidental to the taking, preparation, execution and registration of these presents and of every renewal thereof. Solicitor's costs on default. And it is expressly agreed that if default is made in the pay- ment of the moneys hereby secured, and this mortgage is put in a solicitor's hands for collection, a solicitor's fee of (ten) dollars shall forthwith be chargeable and such fee shall be added to the principal money hereby .secured. In witness, etc. Signed, sealed, etc. AFFIDAVIT OF EXECUTION OK CHATTEL MORTGAC.E. (H.S.O. mu. ... l;t.-,. s. (i.) Ontario ; I County of . \ I, . of the of of -, make oath and say : in tile eoiintv To Wit : j 1. I was personally present and did see the foregoing [or, annexed] mortgage |or, hill of sale by way of mortgage (r)] (e\ When the nioitjtape is mado to an incoiiinratod .•<)inn;inv s<^ form pom. ;■'! «)6 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOES. i » duly signed, sealed and executed by , one of the parties thereto. 2. The name " " set and subscribed as a witnen to the execution of the said mortgage is of the proper handwriting of me this deponent. ■i. The said mortgage was executed at the of , in the said county of , on the day of 19 — . SwoBN, etc. AFFIDAVIT OF BONA FIDES BY SOLE MORTCiAGEE. (R.S.O. 1914, f. 135, 8. fl.) Ontario ; County of I, -, of the of in the count> of , , the mortgagee in the foregoing; \or, annexed I mortgage (/) named, make oatli To Wit: Mild say : 1. . the mortgagor in the foregoing [or, annexedj mort },'age named is justly and truly indebted to me, this deponent, the mortgagee therein named, in the sum of dollars men tioned therein. 2. The said mortgage was executed in good faith and for the express purpose of securing the payment of the money so justly due or accruing due as aforesaid, and not for the purposi' of protecting the goods and chattels mentioned in the said mort gage against the creditors of the said . the mortgagor therein named, or of preventing the creditors of such mortgagor from obtaining payment of any claim against the said mortgagor. Sworn, etc. (/) Tliere i« no authority for using the words '•hill of aalp by w.i\ (if mortgage" if the inttrunient is really a mortgage; and now, b> statiif.', an instrument which is a "e a "mortgige" for the purposes of the Ontario Act (!(.!*" 1014. c. IW). 'IV' Ontario -, County of — To Wit : CHATTEL MORTOAOE t'OKMS. 607 AFFIDAVIT OF BONA FIDES BY ONK OK SKVKRAL M<)KTOA<;KKS. (li.s.o. inu. r. i:).-.. «^. .V i-.M I. , of the of ill tilt' coimty of , , iiiiikf oath hikI »av: 1. I am one of the mortffag^-es in the foregoing \or, annexed] mortgage named, and I am aw-are of all the cireiiiiLstanees con- nected therewith (g). 2. That . the mortgagor in the forejroiiig |„)-, annexed] mortgage named, is justly and truly indebted jointly to me, this (ieponent. and to , the other mortga},'ee therein named, in the sum of dollars mentioned therein. •■{. The sai'l mortgage was . {ecuted in goml faith and for the express purpose of securing the payment of the money so justly due or accruing due as aforesaid, and not for the purpose of protecting tlie goods and chattels mentioned in the said mortgage against the creditors of the said , the mortgagor therein named, or of preventing the creditors of .such mortgagor from obtaining payment of any claim against the .said mortgagor. Sworn, etc. Ontirio; County of — To Wit: AFFIDAVIT OF BONA FIDES BY AGENT OF MORTfiACiEE. (R.S.O. 1!)14. 0. 1.3.5. srt. 5. 12.) I, E.F., of the of 'f , . make oath and sav n tile emintv 1. I am the duly authorized agent of CD., the mortgagee in the foregoing \or, annexed] mortgage (h) named for the pur- fee R.S.O. 1014. r. 13,5. «. 2. Mil.-seo. (f). I I 608 BIU>* OP SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOES. poses of the said inortKKRc nntl I am aware of all tin; circiiiii- Htances connwtwl with the said inortf^age, and 1 have a personal knowledge of the fact« deposed to (j). 2. I am duly authorizetl in writing to take such said mort- gage and the paper writing marked "B" attached to the said mortgage is |a tnie copy of] my authority to take such mort- gage. .1. That A.B.. tile mortgagor in the foregoing (or, annexed] mortgage named, is justly and truly indebted to C.I)., the mort- gagee therein named, in the 8um of dollars mentioned therein. 4. The said mortgage was executed in good faith and lor the express purpose of securing the payment of the money so justly due or accruing due, as aforesaid, and not for the puri)o«e of protecting the goods and chattels mentioneil in the said mort- gage against the creditors of the said A.B., the mortgagor therein named, or of preventing the creditors of such mortgagor from obtaining payment of any claim against the said mortgagor. Sworn, etc. AFFIDAVIT OF BONA FIDES BY OFFICER OF A COMP.\NY {k). (R.S.O. ini4, c. 13.% s. H.) Ontario ; County of — To Wit: 1, , of the of in the counlv of make oath and say 1. I am the [manager, or as the case ma>j bi] of the Company, the mortgagee in the foregoing \or, annexed] mortKiii;i- (>) Tho aflidavit of buna fides when made by an agent shall »tM:i' "that the deponent is aware of the oironmstances connected with tin' ni'it gage, and has personal knowitnlite of the facts de|X)setw...'n of the of ill the county of , , herein- after called the mortKagor, of tlie Hrst part, aiwl of the of in the county of , . hereinafter called the mort- gagee of the second part. WiitREAS the mortgagee, at the re(iu.>8t of the inortgagor and for hi>i aecoimnodation, ha« iiidoreed a certain promissory note of the mortgagor for the sum of .lollars, which sai.l note is in the words and figures following, that is to say: [here give an iJiut ioi>!, of the note or mt>s and of the indoni, mmt.s thereon]. And whereas in oonsideratioii thereof the mortgagor has iigreed to enter into these presents for the purpose of indemni- fying and saving harmless the mortgagee of and from the pay- iiieiit of the said recited note or any part thereof, or anv note or notes hereafter to be indorsed l)y the mortgagee for the accommodation of the mortgagor by way of n-newal of the said recited note (so that, however, any such renewal shall not extend the time of payment of the said note or the liability of the mort- pigw beyond the period of one year (m) from the tiate hereof, nor increase the amount of the said liability beyond the amount of the interest acniing thereon), and against any loss that may be sustained by the mortgagee by reason of such indoreement of the said recited note or any renewal thereof. Now THIS INDENTIBE. WITNESSETH that tlic mortgagor, in .o.isideration of the premises and of the sum of one dollar to Inm paid by the mortgagee at or before the sealing and delivery of these presents, (the receipt whereof is herel)y acknowledged)', (ioth hereby grant, bargain, sell and assign unto the mortgagee,' <«i) In .Manitoba, Alberta, Saskatchewan and tbe Yukon Territory M, ,H.rio.l IS two years. (K.S,M. c. U, s. 6: Oui. Alta 1911 c 43 7 8- !;». 1!K», e. 144. s. 10, Con. Ord. Yukon, o. ,1!.. s 8) ' * ! HI %«t iflM 15 r — • 'Mi ^\ i_ ■'- 61-2 BII.I-K OK HAI.K AND C'lIATTKI MORTOAOEH. hi* executoni, wlniiniHtrHtoni hiuI a«iiK"». all «n Ihal il hmji hr nadihi ami ia»ilij known and i■ )RTI].\(1K POK.MS. «ll:» reupwt of the Mid ntitwl no!.- or n-n.-waU th.r.or as herein- Iwfon- wt forth, then th.-m. ,.re*'ntii Hhall Ih- void. And the mortgagor for hiin^lf, hi« ex.Tuton. and adrninia- tratorH, Hhall and will warrant an.i forever d.fend hy then., pre- ■ent« ail and Hingular the Maid itootai{ lb.- «iid recited note, or i.ny renewal thereof, as in the said- provi.so mentioned, or of the interest then-on, or any part tii.reof ; or if the mortjragor shall (without having Hrst obtained the consent in writing of the mortgaw, bis exi-cutors. a.lminis- tt-.itors or assifrns, to such sale, removal or disposal.) sell or attempt to sell or dispose of or in any way j)art with the posses- Mon of the said goods and chattels, or any of them, or shall (-•■i.ove or attetnpt to remove them, or any part tlhrt'of, out <'t the county of \or, from the lands when- th..y now are, "f to wiiich they may have Iwen r.'mov.-d with the consent of 'lie mongaKeel ; or if the mortgagee, bis .-xecutors. a.lniinistra- ">rs or assigns, sliould at any ime feel uasafc or in.sccure, or ■i'eiii the said goods and chattels in danj;er of lu'ln- sold or re- "■"'= "•• 'f »•>'•••'' sl'sll be issued against the mortiragor, his . \'-cutors or administrators, any writ or process for a money '!• iriand or any writ of execution or .iny uarraut of distress for U J- 1 *{ s ; M flirt 614 BILUS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. any rent or taxes in respect of the lands in or upon which the said goods and chattels, or any part thereof, may at any time during the continuance of this security or any renewal thereof be situate ; or if the mortgagor shall suffer, allow or permit a judgment to be obtained agaiii it him for any debt, or shall suffer the said goods and chattels or any of them to be seized or taken in execution, or shall suffer, allow or permit any rent, taxes, rates or assessments whatsoever for which he now is, or may hereafter, while this security or any renewal thereof shall be iu force, be liable or assessed, in respect of any lands whereon the said goods and chattels or any of them may then be sitnati- to remain unpaid and unsatisfied for a neriod of days altt r the same has become due ; or if the mortgagor, his executors or administrators, shall fail to pay the rent arising out of the lands and premises upon which are situate and lying the said go(vls and chattels, at any time durinjr the continuance of this security, or any renewal thereof, promptly when [or, days at lea.st before] such rent becomes due; or if the mortgagor, his execu tors or administrators, shall fail to insure and keep insured tiiv • said gootls and chattels within the meaning of the provisions of this indenture, or shall abandon the said goods and chattels or any part thereof, or make an assignment for the benefit of liis creditors, or be arrested on any criminal charge, or if a writ of capias or of attachment or order for arrest shall issue against tli.' mortgagor; or if default shall be made in the performance of any of the covenants by the mortgagor in this indentun- ion tained : then and in every such ca.se all the money see\ire.l !i> this indenture shall, at the option of the mortgagee, his ixi. n tors, administrators or assigns, immediately become due an. I 1' ■ payable, and 'he mortgagee, his executors, administrators or .1- signs may, with his or their servants, and with such other :i< sistance as he or they may require at any time during tl.' 'la or night enter into and upon any lands, tenements, houses :in 1 places wheresoever and whatsoever where the said goods n i chattels, or any part thereof, may be, and such person.s luiiy ! ». i-li CHATTEL MORTGAGE FORMS. 615 break and force open any doors, locks, bars, bolts, fastenings, hinges, gates, fences, houses, buildings, pnclo8ur&« and places for the purpose of taking possession of and removing the said goods and chattels; [In the case of a mortijaije of growing crops, add, and if the said crops have not matured at the time of tak- ing possession as aforesaid, then the mortfragec, his executors, administrators or assigns, shall be at liberty to remain in pos- session of the said premises until the crops aforesaid have matured and been converted into marketable form and sold] and upon and from and after the taking possession of such goods and chattels as aforesaid the mortgagee, his executors, administra- tors or assigns, and each or any of them may. and h.- and they are hereby authorized and empowered to, sHl the said goods and chattels or any of them, or any part thereof, at public auction or private sale as to him, them or any of them may seem meet. And from and out of the proceeds of sucli sale in the first place to pay all such sums of money and interest as may tiien he .se- cured by virtue of these presents on the said recited note, or any renewals thereof as aforesaid, and all costs and expenses which have been incurred by the mortgagee, his executois. administra- tors or assigns, in the protection of this .security, or in conse- quence of the default, neglect or failure of the "mortgagor, his executors, administrators or assigns, in payment of the said re- cited note or any renewals thereof as above mentiom-d. or in re- spect of the non-performance of any covenant herein contained, or in consequence of such .sale or removal, or otherwise, a.s iibove mentioned: and in the next place to pay unto the mortgagor, his executors, administrators or assigns, such surplus as may remain after such sale, and after payment of all such sums of money and interest thereon as the mortgagee shall he called upon to pay by reason of indorsing the said recited note in the said recital and proviso mentioned or any renewal thereof to be ino , -al by the mort- gagee for the mortgagor as aforesaid, at the time of such seizure, and after payment of the costs, charges and expenses incurred by such seizure and sale as aforesaid. ; S »; rj : l.i 616 BILLS OP SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. mi i h^ Provided that it shall not be incumbent on the mortgagee, his executors, administrators or assigns, to sell and dispose of the said goods and chattels, but that in case of default of pay- ment of the said recited note, or any renewal thereof, as afore- said, the mortgagee, his executors, administrators and assigns, may peaceably an . quietly have, hold, use, occupy, possess and enjoy the said goods and chattels without the let, molestation, eviction, hindrance or interruption of him, the mortgagor, his executors, administrators or assigns, or any of them, or any other person whomsoever. And the mortgagor for himself, his executors and adminis- trators, further covenants with the mortgagee, his executors, administrators and assigns, that in case the sum of money realized under any such sale as above mentioned shall not Ix- sufficient to pay the whole amount due under the provisions of this indenture at the time of such sale he, the mortgagor, his executors or administrators, shall forthwith pay or cause to he paid unto the mortgagee, his executors, administrators or assigns, such sums of money, together with the interest thereon, as may then be remaining due upon or under the said note or any renewal thereof as aforesaid, as well as and including nil costs and expenses which may have been incurred by the mort- gajree, his executors, administrators and assigns, in and about such seizure and sale and otherwise as aforesaid. And the raort payment of the amount of such my liability for the said mortgagor as set out in the said mort- gage, and not for the purpase of .securing the goods and chattels mentioned therein against the creditors of , the mortgagor therein named, nor to prevent such creditors from recovering any claims which they may have against such mortgagor. SwoR.N', etc. AFFIDAVIT OF BONA FIDKS RV ONE OF SKVERAL MORTfJAnKKS. MORTGAGE TO SEC IRE IXDORSKH. (R.S.O. li>14. c. 135. s. 0. Ontario ; County of — To Wit : -.1 I. -, of the of J of in the county , , make oath and sfiy: 1. I am one of the mortgagee.*! in the foregointr lor, annoxodl ''■f\ \'\ 1 \M r 618 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. mortgage named and I am aware of all the circumstances con- nected therewith. 2. The foregoing [or, annexed] mortgage fully sets 'irth the agreement entered into between the mortgagees in the sa I ; jrt- gage named and the said mortgagor therein named and truly states the e.xtent of the liability intended to be created by such agreement and covered by such mortgage. 3. The said mortgage was and is executed in good faith and for the express purpose of st'curing us, the mortgagees therein named, ajrainst our indorsement for the mortgagor therein named of the promissory note for dollars mentioned in the said mortgage or any renewals of the said note as set out in tlie said mortgage and against the payment of the amount of such our liability for the said mortgagor as set out in the said mort- gage, and not for the purpose of securing the goods and eliattils mentioned therein against the creditors of , the mortgagor therein named, nor to prevent such creditors from rtcoveriiii,' any claims which they may have ajjaiiLst such mortgagor. Sworn, etc. AFFIDAVIT OF BONA FIDES HY AOKN'T OF .MORT(5.\GEE. JIORTCi.MiE TO SECIRE IXDORSEK. (R.S.O. 1914, 0. 1.35, s. 6.) Ontario ; County of To Wit: 1. The fort I, E.F., of the of in the coiiiiiy of , , make oath and say : [or, annexed] mortgage was taken ))> me for and on behalt of CD., the mortgagee therein nanu-d. aii.l I am the agent duly authorized in writing of the said CD. to take the said mortgage, and I am aware of the circumstiiiic's connected with the said mortgage, and I have a personal kiinw- ledge of the facts deposed to. 2. The paper writing attached to the said mortgas;"' inui i i 'fi n 1 1 Ili CHATTEL MORTGAGE FORMS. 619 marked "B" is |a true copy of] my authority to take the said mortgage. 3. The said uiortgage fully sets forth the agreement entered into between , the mortgagor, and the said CD. the mort- gagee, and truly states the extent of the liability intended +0 be created by sueh agreement and covered by such mortgase. 4. The .said mortgage was and is executed in good faith and for the express purpose of securing the mortgagee therein named against his indorsement for the said mortgagor of the promissorj' note for dollars mentioned in the said mort- jrage, or any renewals of the said note, as .set -ut in the said mortgage, and against the payment of the amount of the mort- gagee's liability for the said mortgagor as therein set out, and not for the purpo.se of securing the goods and chattels mentioned therein against the creditons of , the mortgagor therein named, nor to prevent such creditors from recovering any claims which they may have against such mortgagor. Sworn, etc. 1! P "I AFFIDAVIT OF BONA FIDES MORTG.iOE BY A <'()MP.\XY TO SBCIRK BONDS OR DEBEXTIRES. (R.S.O. 1914. c. 1.15. 9. 6.) O.NTARio: 1 I, . of the of in the county County of of — — . (o) the mortgagee [or, one of the mortgagees] named in the foregoing [or. an- nexed) mortgage make oath and say: Com- To Wit : 1. I am a [trustee for the bondholders] of the pany named in the foregoing [or, annexed] mortgage [or as the case may be]. 2. The said mortgage was executed in good faith and for the e.xpress purpose o' st>curing the payment of bonds [or. (o) If the mortgage is made to an incorporated company, the several affidavits and renewal statement may be made by the presiiient, vire- Iircsident, manager, as-sistant manager, or any other "officer of the company aulhorizwl for such purpose (R.S.O. 1914. c. 136, s. 12). 620 BILXiS OF RALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOES. debentures) referred to therein, and not for the purpose of pro- tectinjf the goods and chattels mentioned thi'rein against thi- creditors of the said Company, the mortgagors therein named, or of preventing the creditors of such mortgagors from obtaining payment of any clr.im against them the said mort- gagors. Sworn, etc. in !■ i ll i \ tti ,Uv .!f- i^ CHATTEL MORTGAGE T\) SBCrRE Kl'TlKE .MJV.WXES IN fiOODS. (R.s.o. inu. c. \Xi, *. «.) Tins INDENTIRE made the day of 1!) — , betweiii ol" the of in the county of . , ln'rcin after called the mortgagor, of the first part, and — — of the of in the county of , , hereinafter eHJicil the mortgagee of the second part. WiiERKAs the mortgagor is carrying on business at as a — — , and has applied to the mortgagee for advances in irooijs to be .supplied to him upon the tisual terms of credit, from tiiin' to time, for the term of months from the date hereof, tn enable him to enter into and carry on hi.s business witii such advances, the term of credit for any such goods not to cxtiiid in any case beyond the day of 19 — . \Siitli presents, has agreed to m;ikc -iucli advances in goods on the usual terms of credit from tiiu'' fn time as the same miiy be required by the mortgagor in ttic asual and proper course of his said business for the term ol" - months from the date hereof, provided he shall not be bouii'l to advance, in all, goods to the amount of more than iloll irs (/j) In Manitohu. Alliert;i. Saskatclicwan ami Yukon Tcnii^'iA jioridil is two years ( H.S.M. c. 11. s. 0: Onl. Alta. 1011. e. 4:i. -. >* : i: ■- ^ l!IO!t. (.. 144. s." 11); Con. Oiil. Yukon, c. :!!". •«. H). ^. CHATTEL MORTOAOK KORMS. 621 in valuf, and provided the ti'nii of credit for any of such goods ahall not in any cabe extend l)e;ond the day of 19—. [Such dati not to bi mon tlian our ( p) ijcar from the date of the mor*(jage.\ Now TiiEREKoKE the HiortgaKor, for the eonsideration here- inbefore recited, and in pursuance of the said agreement, doth hen-by grant, l)argain, sell and assign unto the mortgagee, his executors. lulininLstrators antion of each article inteiuled to he mortgaged, to that it may be radily and easily known and distinguished.] \or, the goods and chattels particularly described in the schedule hereto annexed marked "A "J. Provided that if the mortgagor, his executors or admini.stra- tors, pay or cause to be paid to the mortgagee his executors, administrators or assigns, all sums of money which shall become payable by the mortgagor to the mortgagee for or in respect of all goods which shall be supplied by the mortgagee to the mort- gagor during the period of from the date hereof, punctually when the said .sums of money shall become payable according to the terms of credit, which shall not extend in any case beyond 'h<' day of 19—, then these presents shall be void. And the mortgagor, for himself, his executors and adminis- trators, shall and will warrant and forever defend, l)y these presents, all and singular the said goods and chattels unto the mortgagee, his executors, administrators and assigns, against liiin. the mortgagor, his executors and administrators, and atrainst every other person whomsoever. And the mortgagor, for himself, his executors and adminis- trators, hereby covenants with the mortgagee, his executors, administrators and assigns, that he will pay or cause to be paid to the mortgagee all sums of money which shall become payable li.v liim, the mortgagor, to the mortgagee for and in respect of all goods which shall be supplied by the mortgagee to the mort- g«i:or during the said period of months from the date h reof, in accordance with the said agreement, punctually when 11! ■ !1 622 BnXB or HAI.E AND CHATTEL. MORTOAOEH. the said sunui of money become payable according to the said terms of credit, which shall not extend in any case beyond the day of 19—. Provided that should default occur in payment of the price of any of the goods so to he advanced, or if the mortgai^or shall, without having first obtained the consent in writing of the mortgagee, etc. [continue as in the powers on default in the general form, ante, using such clauses as arc desired.] In witness, etc. Signed, sealed, etc. [For Affidavit of Execution and Affidavit of Bona Fides, see forms of same following the general form of chattel mort- gage] CHATTEL MORTGAGE TO SBCIRE FITIRE ADVANCES OF MONEY. (R.S.O. 1014, c. l.W, 9. 6.) This indentire madf the day of 19 — , betwcin of the of in the county of , — , hi'n'inat'tiT eallt'tl the inortj.'a^or, of the first part, and of the — - of in the county of hereinafter called tin- mortjjfagee, of the second part. Where.xs the mortgajfor has applied to the luortgaKic (or future advances in money, and for the purpose of eiiablinir tin' mortgagor to enter into and carry on business with sui'h ii.l- vances the mortgagee has this day consented and agreed, upon the agreement of the mortgagor to execute and deliver tii<.s-' presents as security to the mortgagee for the repayment tinr. 'U, to advance to the mortgagor the sum of dollars in Itlirttj sums of dollars each, the first whereof is to be advanced to the mortgagor in [one] month from the date of these pri'siiit>: the second whereof in |two] months fro' i the date of these ]>:■<■■ sents; and the third whereof in [three] months from the dat' of these presents; and in consideration thereof the mortgairor h:i> this day agreed to execute these presents in order to seeiiit- tiie CHATTEL MORTUAOK FURM8. 623 repayment of the Mid advances, it being underatowl and agreed between the partieH hereto, however, that the time of repay- ment thereof shall not be for a longer period than one (7) year from the making of the agreement for such advances, which is the day of the date of these present*. Now THEREFORE the mortgagor, for the consi.leration here- inbefore recited and in pursuance of the said agreement, doth hereby grant, bargain, wU and assign unto the mortgagee, his executors, administratois and assigns, all and singular the goodj* and chattels particularly descrilwd in the scheduh- hereto an- nexed marked "A." Provided that if fh.- mortgagor, his executors or administra- trators, pay or cause to he paid unto the mortjragee, his execu- tors, administrators or assigns, the sum of dollars at the end or expiration of |ten) months from the day of the date of these presents, with interest at the rate of per cent, per annum from the date of the several advances so to be made as iifon'said on such advances, and do save harndess the mortgagee, liis executors, administrators and assigns, of and from all loss and damage by reason of these presents, tlien these presents shall be void \continu>' with any appropriate provisoes and cov- enants from the gcnrral form, ante.] And in consideration of the execution of these presents the mortgagee covenants for himself, his executors, administrators and assigns, with the mortgagor, his executors, administrators and a.ssigns, that he, the mortgagee, his executors, administrators ami assigas, will faithfully advance the said sum of dollars to the mortgagor in the manner and at the times liereintieiore .s;)i'cified. l.V WITNE.SS, etc. SiG.NED, SEALED, etc. /•''/»• Affidavit of Execution and Affidavit of Bona Fid,.t. see forms of same foUoinnij the general form of chattel mort- nage.] •'!' See note (p) fn the precetliiii! f(.riit. ii n f r 624 BII.I-H or HAIJC AND CII.MTEI, MORTOAOBH. if Ontario ; County of — To Wit: and say: AFFIDAVIT OF HONA FIDES HY S«)hK M<»liniA«iKK. MORTfe. 3. The aaid mortgage waa and ia executed in ^oo.l faith and for the expn-HN purpone of aecurintf to ua, the iiiortgajfe.a therein named, n-payinent of the aaid advanc.-a which we have agr ed to make to , the miid mortgagor, aa aet out in the said mort- gage. 4. The aaid mortgage waa not and ia not executed for the l.iirpoa." of wcuring the goo.NT.VRIO ; County of — To Wit : I. K.V., of the of . in the county "f . . make oath and «av : 1. The agreement set forth in the foregoing [or, annexed] mortgage waa entered into and the said mortgage was taken I'.v me for, and on behalf of CI)., the mortgagee therein named arxi I am the agent duly authorized in writing of the said (*.D. to make such agreement and to take such mortgage, and I am aware of the circumstances connwted with the .said -nortgage, anil I have a personal knowledge of the facts deposed to (r). ' -'. The paper writing attached to the said mortgage, marked I!, is I a true copy of] my authority to make such agreement ft '111 to take the said mortgage. i. The said mortgage truly sets forth the agreement entered 'r) Rw sec. 12 of the Ontario .\ct. ■"—litis or SALE. l\ I 1 I. 'I ,1 ; } ■ i r ' i ^ i * i * 1 ; 1 i 62« WU* or HAI,K AND CIIATTEI- MOBTOAOW. into betwwn CD., thu mortifagif therein nameil, and A.B., the mortKaKor therein nameil, and truly atatea the extent of th.- liability intentled to liecreateil by the aaid airreeinent and coven.l by auch mortgage. 4. The aaid inortfrafte wna executed in gooil faith and for thf expreM purpoiM' of aeciiring to the aaid mortinwee repayment of hia advancea, which he haa agreed to make aa in the aaid morf gBRe aet out, and not for the purpoae of aecuring the ijootla ami chattela mentionetl then'in airainit th. creditora of the nani A.B., the mortgagor, nor to prevent auch creditors from recover ing any claima which they may have against the aaid mortnatfor. Sworn, etc. AFFIDAVIT OF BONA FIDES BY OPFR'KK OK ( OMI'ANV. ,MORT(iA' tlie Ontiiriii Act. CHATTEL Murra.\(IK ruRMH. 627 mto between the „id — Comp.ny. the mort^aKee. nnd _. he mortK.gor therein n.med. and truly „«te. the extent of the h.b.hty ,nu.n,led to be er,.«ted by the naid agn-ement and covered by Ruch niortjfHge. 4. The «iid mortKHKe wn, eieeute.l in «ood fHifh. and for the expre« p„rpo«. of securing to the «iid «nr,g„,.., .o.„p„ny repayment of .ta advance which it ha. agn-.M! ,o „,ake aa in he "-d 'nortjca^e «et out. an.l not for the purpoae of ^-curing the good, and chattel mentioned therein ag.inat the efedito» or the said — . the mortgagor, nor to pn-vent nuch enditon. from recovering any claim, which they may have awinnt the said mortgagor. •SwoBK, etc. ASHIGXMENT OF CllA »KL MORTCJAOK Tlii« INDK.NTI KK ,„H.ie the day of 19- between of the of in the county of . '. herein- atter calle,! the aaaijfnor. of the H«t part, and of the of ,„ the county of , . hereinafter called the aa- MKiiee, of the aecond part. Whereas by a certain chattel n.ortga^.e date,! th.- day «t 19-, and duly filed in the office of the clerk of the .ountyj court of the |cou„ty| of _. one — [„„,„, „; ,;,, >»"rt,ja.jor ,n full] mort^a^ed the goo act, matter or thing whereby the said mortgage has been rei.as.ii or discharged, or the said gooils and chattels in any v.i.s.' 11 cumbered, or whereby the said gomls and chattels, or iin.\ ol them, have been or may be removed from the premises mentioii-'i in the said mortgage. \If so agrnd. add. And that he. the assignor, bis exerntor or administrators, will, upon the request and at the cost of tin assignee, his executors, administrators or aasign.s. do. p. ilirii and execute every act necessary for further assuring the sa:c IK CHATTEL MORTGAGE FORMS. 029 mortgage and money, goods and chattels, and for enforcing the performance of the covenants and other matters contained in the said mortgage.] In witness, etc. Signed, sealed, etc.(0- AFFIDAVIT OF EXECITIOX OK AS.SI(iV.MKXT OK UHA'ITKL MORlXiAtlE. (R.S.O. | *'* ^*'<' «f" in the county To Wit: I "^ ' ' "'i'*''* ""t'l »'iil *>>' : 1. I was personally present and did see the foregoing [or, a!inexedj assijjnment of chattel mortpige duly signed, sealed and executed by , |one of| the parties thereto. 2. I, this deponent, am a sulwcribing witness to the said assignment. 3. The name " " \nami of witufss] set and subscribed as a witness to the execution thereof, is of the proper handwriting of me, this deponent. 4. The said a.ssignment was executed at the of , in the county of on the day of 19 . Sworn, etc. \ln Ontario no affMavit of bona fides In/ the asifignee of a iliattii mortgage is requirid.l i! ff:l NOTICE OF ASSIGN'MEXT OK t'HATTEL MORTXiAOK. NOTICK TO M(>RT(;A(iOR HV ASSUiNKK OK MORl>iA(iK. To Mr. A.B. Take notice that I have this day become the purchaser and (n In Sfal V. CItirUlflr. 7 Q.B.I). 5111, it was livlil. in eirect, that the •is-iKnee himself cannot lie the atte!«ting witness. 630 BILLS OP SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. assi^ee for value of that certain chattel mortgage made and executed by you to CD. of the of , in the county of , , whereby you secured to the said CD. on the goods and chattels therein mentioned the sum of dollars, payable as therein set out, and which said mortgage was duly registered in pursuance of the statute in that behalf on the day of 19 — , as no. , in the ofBce of the clerk of the county court of the county of . And further take notice that all sums of money now unpaid, due or accruing due on account of the said mortgage are here- aiier to be paid by you ti. aie as such purchaser and assignee, and to no one else. And I am the person with whom all further dealings of any nature whatsoever are to be had of and concern- ing the said mortgage. Dated at , the day of 19—. Witness: [Signed] E.F. 1 1- m \ fl III m n AUTHORITY TO AGENT TO TAKK A CERTAIN CHATTEL MORT(!A(iE («). (as.(). 1014, c. ISS. 9. 12.) Know all men by these presents that I, CD., of the of in the county of , . do hereby constitute, auth- orize and appoint E.F., of the of in the county of , , as my true and lawful agent and attorney for me and in my name and on my behalf to take and re eive from nue A.B. of the of in the county of , — — , a niori gage, securing to me upon the goods, chattels and effects of tin- said A.H. the sum of dollars payable [here stt out tlf toms of thv payment of the mortgage]. And for all and every of the purposes aforesaid, I hen !>> give and grant unto my said agent and attorney full power iin 1 authority to do, jierform and execute all acts, deeds and nmtti is (u) A popv of this authority, or the authority itself. inu»t Ih' !• _i- tered with the iiiortji«({e (R.S.O. 1914, o. l.).">, m. 13). 11: h CHATTEL MOBTOAOE FORMS. 631 necessary to be done and performed, and to take all proceedings necessary to be taken in and about the premises, I hereby ratify- ing, confirming and allowing, and agreeing to ratify, confirm and allow all and whatsoever my said a),'ent and attorney shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof. In witnkss, etc. Signed, sealed, etc. I'fil ■H ArTIIOKlTY TO AGE.XT KK.VKW A CKKTAIX CHATTEL MOUlXiAfiE («■). IR.S.O. 1914, c. 135, 8s. 12, 21.) Know all men by these presents that i, CD., of the - - of in the county of , , do hereby constitute, aut orize and appoint E.F., of the of in the county of , , as my true and lawful agent and attorney for me and in' my name and on my benalf to renew a certain chattel mortgage to me from one A.H. of the of in the county of , , securing to me on certain goods and chattels the sum of dollars, which sai (R.S.O. 1014. c. 135, H. 1.-).) Know aix men by these presents that 1, CD., of the of in the county of , , do hereby constitute, auth- orize and appoint K.F.. of tlie of in the county of . , H8 my true and lawful agent an-8elf could do And for all and every of the purposes aforesaid I hereby giv,' and grant unto my said agent and attorney full power and auth ority to do, perform and execute all acts, deeds, matters and things necessary to be done and performed, and all proceedinirs to take necessary to be taken in and about the premises, I henhy ratifying, confirming and allowing and agreeing to ratify, con firm and allow all and whatsoever my .said agent and attorn. y shall lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue thereof. In witness, e*-^. Signed, sealed, etc. ArTIlORlTY TO AGENT BY A COMPANY TO TAKE AM) UKNEW. ETC.. A t'EllTAIX (•H.\TTEL MOHTCAi;! (K.S.O. Ifll4. c. 13.5. ss. .'5, 12.) Know am- men by these presents that we. The *'"'! pany. do hereby consiitute. authorize and appoint o!' tl of in the county of , — , our true and lawful i torney and agent, for us and on our Iwhalf, to take and r i\ from of the township of in the county of , - - certain chattel mortgJige dated the day of 1!'- : dollars and interest thereon, payable as therein piovi i and to renew the mj id mortgage when and as often as it mi; {X) A copy of this .luthority must be regi'*tereil with tlio m r.- . (R.S.O. 1914, c." 135, ». 13). CHATTEL MOKTOAOE FORMS. 633 necessary to do so, aiul to make «utI4. 1-. 1.15. H. -21.) STATEMENT exhibiting the interest of CD. [mortgagee, or E.F., assignee of mortgagee.] of the — of in the county °^ • ' in the property mentioned in a chattel mortgage dated the day of 19—, n ide between A.B., of the of . . of the one part, and CD. of , , of the other part, and filed in the office of the clerk .,f the | county] court of the [county] of on the day of 1!)—. [if ri neweel aeUl, and renewed by statements filed on the day of 19— and on the day of 19_. ,„■ the vase may I" ] and of the amount due for principal and int.Test thereon, and of all payments made on account thereof. The .said CD. is still the mortgagee of the said property, (1/1 This Htateiiient. with th.> iifli.lavit „f tlio ninrtiraifer or a-sijmee niu,t K. hie,! within ...le vo«r from tl„. .lay ..f tho tilins .,f t!:,. „„.rtp,);,. K.S.O. liiu. e. I3o. s. 21). I„ thv o.* ,.f a mort^-ajro to s,.c.ure deben- ''■"' ', "," 'ncorporate,! company, if a .-..py of tho l,v law anthorizinif the '•"10 (duly o*rtiH«i and spale.il i^ r.-^'istcre,! with th,. morteag.- it will '" .* nefcssary to renew the niort}!.ij;e (it). .■<. 24 1. 634 BILLS OP SALE AND CHATTEL UORTOAOES. and has not aasig^ned the said inort(IORTf;A(JEE. OR ASSKiXEE OF MORTGAOE (z). (R.S.O. 1914. c. 135, s. 21.) County OF ,1 1, , of the of in the comity l of , , the mortgagee [or, the assifriu'i". To Wit : J or, one of the mortgagees, or, a8signet\s of the niort}ragee named in the chattel mortgage mentioned in tln' foregoing [or, annexed] statement, make oath and say: 1. The foregoing [or, annexeil] statement is true. 2. The chattel mortgage mentioned in the said stati'mut has not been kept on foot for any fraudulent purpose. SwoKN, etc. (i) Tliin iifliilavit may .il«) lie inado tiy one of several iiiorI(.M>:i'i- i : assignees, and by any next of kin, executor or administrator of aii> !:■ ■ ceased mort(tagee. or l>y any assijfiiee claiminj; by or throU){li any iii r' gajfee. or anv next of kin. executor or a (R.S.O. 1914, c. 1.3,5. s». 14. -'1(8)). ;li CHATTEL MORTOAOK FORMS. 635 County of , To Wit : AFFIDAVIT ON RENEWAL OF CHATTEL .M()KT«A(;E. BY AC.KXT OF M<)RT<;A<;EE. (R.S.O. 1914, <•. 135, ,*. -.M.) ^' • "'^ t*"* of in the eoiiiitv of ; ' ' the agreiit of tht- iiiortgaget- naiiifd ^ in the chattel iiiort^age inentioiitHl in the fore going [ar, annexed] statetnent, inai;o„al knowledge of the facts deposed to. 4. I am the agent of the said mortgagtH- duly authorized in writing for the purpose of renewing the said chattel mortgage a copy of my authority l)eing hereto annexed. Sworn, etc. CLERK'S CERTIFICATE OK (OPV OF CHAl-rEL MORl^JAOE. WHE.V (iOODS UKMOVFD TO ANOTHER COfXTV. (R.S.O. inu. c. 1.3.). s. 19.) I, L.M., clerk of the county court of the county of , do hereby certify that the annexed paper writing marked '"A" is H true and correct copy of the original chattel mort-igc from A.B. to CD., with all endorsements thereon, bearing date the day of 19—, which was filed in the office of the said court at o'clock in the [fore] noon on the day of 1!'—. [// the mortgage has been reimced or assigned wld, and that the paper writings marked "B" hereto attached are true and correct copies of the renewal („r, assignment, as the ease mat, ic) of the said mortgage filed as aforesaid with all endorsements thereon and of «U affidavits, statements, documents and instru- ments relating thereto, which said paper writings marked "B" 'If H I fr li I 63(i BILLH OP 8AtE AND CHATTEL MURTUAUEM. were rt'«pectively filed in the office of the aaid court as follows : (Here set out the dates of filing and the numbtrs and other speci- fications of each document)] and that there are no other afti- davitit, documents, inMtrumentH or other papers relating to the said mortgage filed in the office of the said court. Dated this day of If)—. [Heal of court.] [Higned] L.M. c.c.c. I ii 1 €LKRK'S CERTIFICATE (»F IX.STUIME.NT.S HEIX, -. 27.) I, L.M., clerk of the county court of the county of , do herel)y certify that the annexed paper writing marked "A" is a true and correct copy [of a copy] of the original chattel mort- gage from A.B. to CD. [and of the statement thereto l)elongiiijr] and of all endorsements on the said original mortgage whicli bears date the day of 1!) — , and was fikd in the oftici- of the .said court at o'clock in the [fore] noon on tho day of 19—. Dated this day of 1!)—. [Seal of court.] [Signed.\ L.M. C.C.C. To DISTRESS WARRANT TO SEIZE rXDER A CH.UTEL iM<»RT(i.\<;E. -, my hailiff in this behalf. Seize and take posses-sion of the gootls and chattels (Uvscrih. d in a certain chattel mortgage made In-tween A.H. and CD. diitrd tlie Jay of 1!) — , |a copy of J which is hereunto anin x. li [and which was assigned to me by the said CD. 'by assigniii. nt dated the day of 19 — .] You may give up possession of the said goods and cliiittl^ on payment of the sum of dollars and your own proper t. s P[ CHATTEL MORTOAOK FORMS. 637 and charges, and fop so doing Wm shall Ik- your siifficiont war- rant and authority. Witness my hand and wal («) this diiy of 19—. Witness : DISTRESS WARRANT TO SKIZK AND SKLi. I NDKK A t HATIKL uMORKiACiE. To , my Iwiliff in thi>« behalf. Yor are hereby authorized and re(|uirtHl to seize and take possession of all the goods and chattels mentioned in the mort- gage [a copy whereof is] hereunto annexed, wherever the said goods and chattels may be found, and to sell and dispose thereof a.s provided by the said mortgage so as to re«lize the suir of dollars now due and owing to me by virtue of the provisions therein contained, and the sjiid sum, or so tmieh thereof as may be realized, to pay over to me. my executory, administrators or assigns, and proceed thereupon to obtain possession of such goods and chattels and for the recovery of the said .sum a.s the law directs and the sciid indenture permits, and for your so doing this shall be your sutf. .ent warrant and authority. Witness my hand and seal (a) this day of 1!)—. Witness : DISCIIAROK OF CHATTEL MORTGAGE. HY ORMJINAL M()KT(:A<;EE. (R.S.O. 1»U. c. 135. s. 2S.) To the clerk of the (county] couit of the [county | of . 1, CD., of the of in the county of . do certify that A.B., [or, G.II.] of the of in the county of . . has satisfied all money due on, or to grow due on, a Certain chattel mortgage made by A.B. to me, which mortgage bears date the day of 19—, and was registered \or, in) A seal N not nwesmiry. but is commonly uwii. til ii K.-i8 BllJil or H.\I.K AND CIIATTm, MORTOAOKtt. if mortgagt Hm been rrnrwrtt, wu n>-n>irMten> I' '•'« consideration for ivhi.l, tl >„rt-a;!^ or .-..nv,,.! i. ,n,„l.. ^.i , a^in^'''"^r:' """■;"; "'" "'"''^"«" '" '"'-.van,-,. -is al, My ...rfRaKees m pd fa.tl, for valuable consideration Hon. ()r,l \ W T 640 HII.IX or HAI.K .\Nt> CIIATTt:!, MORTOAIieM. I I > rent. ptT atinuiii \iir whnlivir tlur maif hi Ihr rati], and the Mid A.li (loth fiirthtT H>rr<'<' hidI diTliiri' thHt he will duly pay to the Haid CD. the |irin will \hiri inmrt tirmA im to iiiMiiniiin, pannmtt of riif 'ollati ml miin'Uirii or othirwisi which tht iidrlim mitij aijii n fur Iht nuiiiit(iia>i dl' "The MilU of Sale Ordinance," exeept as in otherwiHe Hpeeiiilly provided herein. I.': wiTNKss whereof the Haiti A.M. lum hereunto 8et his hand and ii<*al. SniXKi) .\.Nn sK.\i.Ki> by *' Haid A.M. in the presence of me, E.F. \Aihl nami , atldrms and ixciipation of ) ,.,. ,, . , ., , [ I'^ignid] A.M. n ■ AFFIDAVIT OF HONA FIDKS OK lilATTKI. .\I(»RT(!.M;K. (Con. Onl. .Mill, litll. <•. 4;i. *. tl.) I Thi affhiaiils bi/ a sali murtj/ayn or by otu of sf viral m^ii- gayiis may follow thi Ontario forms.] [For tbf affidavit by an ayi nt if) of thi mortgayii thi Mini- lstltutp "^wtion l.'>" it "iwction 10." Xoti'a (r) and (J) ulM)ve apply also to a Yukon nKirt;;a;; {ft The ex press ioni "niortjfatfiN"." 'iiaruainpi'" ami "asitijfm'i'" imhi !•• also tile aju-nt or manajter of any niortnajtec, liiirKnincp or assijfmv Ikmii^' .m inoorporaled company (Con. Ord. .Mta. litll. c. 4.'?. s. ii). CEATTCL MORTOAaR rORMS. 641 tola form may be applird mth Uu addition of the following clauMe: I am properly authoria-.l by power in writing to take .uch uid mortgage {or, bill of mile by way of mortga«..) and the paper writing m«rkeRTOA(iK TO SKCIRK IXIX)KSKH. (Con. Ord. Altii. 101], ,■. 4:1. , s, , [The affidavits by a .sol. mortyayre and bi, on, of s, r, ral nn.rt.jagecs are the same «.v the Ontario forms. Th, offidavit I'll an ancnt of thi mortyayee follows th, Ontario farm 1 CHATTEL JrORTGAGE TO SECIKK KCn RE ADVAXc E.s, (Con. Ord. Alta. Iflll, o. 4,-). «. s.) [The Ontario forms may be used, but the ,lat, „f r,pa,imnx, "f th, aelva^ms must ,wt be more tlian two y,ars from the date "f the mortgag-, instead of one year as in th, Ontario Act.] I The Affidavit of Execution is the same as the .Manitoba form. ) .n..r.'.'l.!' !*^ autliority i. a K.'neral one to take and rcm-w all ,.r anv ; £ or convvyanoo. ,t is „„t net-e^ary to atla.-l. a n.pv to ..,,1 n,o { Jl— •ii.u or SAU. I ! ' } \ m I ■ 642 BILI^ OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAQES. AFFIDAVIT OF BONA FIDES. MORTGAGE TO SECl'RE FITL'RE ADVAKCES. (Con. Ord. Alta. 1011, c. 43, ». 8.) [The affidavit of bona fides may be adapted from the Ontarit forms.] V I STATEMENT ON RENEWAL OF CHATTEL MORTGAGE. (Con. Ord. Alta. 1011 o. 4.3. ss. 17. 18.) Statement exhibiting tltc interest of CD. in the propert; mentioned in the chattel mortgage dated the day of A.D. 19 — , made hetween A.B. of , of the one part, and CD of , of the other part, and (ile signee of the >said mortgage by virtue of an {ussignmcnt therro from the said CD. to him dater, the following payments and no other have been iii.iii on account of the said mortgage: 19 — , Jan. 1. Cash rect'i\< The amount still due for principal and interest on the ^i mortgage is the .sum of dollars computed as follows: |/i r give the computation]. CD. CaATTE! MOHTGAOE FORMS. 643 AFFIDAVI-^ (,X RENEWAL OF ' h "ij 1 h,, '.!'>iri\;\t;E. (foil. < I, Mi,,, \ of in the -, make oath and say: Manitoba; \ To "Wit: \ 1. I was personally prestMit and did see the foregoing '"'■. annexed] mortgage duly signed, .sealed and executetl by -~- . one of the parties thereto. 2. The name " " [signature of ivitntss] set out an.) I. . of tliP .f in the of -, of the of -, make oatli and .sav: 1. I am the duly authorized agent of -^. the mortgagee in the foregoing [ar, annexe*!] mortgage [or. hill of sale hv wav of •nortgage] named for the purpases of the .said mortgage and I am aware of all the circumstances connected therewith (g). 2. That , the mortg!,gor in the foregoing [or, annexed! mortgage named, is justly and truly indebted to the ■Mortgagee therein named, in the sum of dollars mentioned therein. 3. The said mortgage waa executed in good faith and for the .xpress purpose of securing the payment of the money so justlv clue or accniing due as aforesaid and not for the purpose o'f protecting the goods and chattels mentioned in the said mort- jrage against the creditors of the said , the mortgagor therein named, or of preventing the creditor of such mortgagor from ol'taining payment of any claim against the said mortgagor. SwoBN, etc. I 646 BILUS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOES. AFFIDAVIT OF BONA FIDES OK t'HATTEI. MORTGAGE. nV OFFIt'KR OK A (.OMPAXY. (R.S.M., f. II, M. ">. I-'; Man. lOlO. c. tl.) I 1. , of the of [ , , make oath and say; ol .Manitoba; ) 1. . of the of in the To Wit : 1. I am the [manager, or as the case nuiij be] of The Company, Limited, the mortgagee in the foregoing [or, annextil: mortgage [or, bill of sale by way of mortgage] named, and 1 iiiii aware of all the circumstanees connected with the said mortgnt;.' and have a personal knowledge of the facts deposed to. 2. That , the mortgagor in the foregoing [or, anne.xcdl mortgage named is justly and truly indebted to The Cnin- paiiy. Limited, the mortgagee therein named, in the sum of dollars mentioned therein. 3. The said mortgage was executed in good faith and for lie express purpose of securing the payment of the money no justly due or accruing due as aforesaid, and not for the puqios.^ of protecting the goods and chattels mentioned in the said imut gage against the creditors of the said , the mortgagor then iu named, or of preventing the creditors of such mortgagor t'i'iu obtaining payment of any claim against the said mortgagor. Sworn, etc. SKKD GRAIN MORTGAGE. (R.S.M.. <•. 11. ss. :t!t. 40; Man. 1908. c. 2. s. -2.) [When a mortgage is given as security for the pur. hi-' price of seed grain (h) the follumng recital should be iiis'c' 1: {li\ A nitirtganc upon frrowinj; orops or cr<>|>.t to Iw jfrowiv nw.!- "r or<'atoe grown in the future is absolutely void in.!—- given as security for the purchase pric-e, and interest thereon. jic 1 assignment and payment of the same fee as is required on filing the ciiattel mortgage. e ** 630 BIU>* OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. AFFIDAVIT OF EXECITION OK ASSKiN'MKNT OK CHAITKl. .M<)KT(JA.) \Samc as Ontario form.] STATKMKNT ON RENKWAL «>K ( IIATrKli MORni.ViE. (K.S.M., c. 11. s. 20.) l^amr as Ontaria form, hut the staten kept alive ( m ) for any fraudulent purpose. SwoRN', etc. (/) Tlii* iillidavil may Im' made by ono i>( ■w-veral mort){nfit4's or i- siftnws. or liy tlu' agiMit of any nKirtgajjee or a-fiffnec, or by any ni'\' •■ kin. pxccntor or administrator of any dewaaod mortffaxtN'. or by ;in\ i- «i)jni'f clainiin}! \>\ or tbrou){b any mort};a}tcp or any next of kin. cxi' i" or administrator of any ■'uch aH- kin. pxivntor. aiinilnistrator or a<*l;,'!;ff ( R.S.M.. !•, II, ss. 2(1. 22). In till' ca"!' of a <'or|ioration itiis aflidavit ina.v be made by tbp pic-il' it viif pri'-idcni, niana^p'r. assistant nianaper, socretary or trcasiiriM. m 1> any other olliicr or agent duly antlioriz<*d by resolution of tbe liri\* !•< If the bead olliie of tbe eorporation be outside tbe provino', tbe al!i!:.;! may 1m> made by any jieneral or loeal manajjer, secretary or ajient 'h eor|>oration in the jirovinee (Man. 1910. e. tl, s. 1). (m) In tbe Ontario Act, the expression used is "kept on foot." CHATTEF. MORT(iA(JK KORMS. fif,! DIHCHAKOE OK CHATTEL iMOKTGAOK. \S,r Ontario form of disvhary,, but for tl„ Affidavit of Kxiiution, sir briou: h, tin cas, of a rorporntion th, disvhanjv may bt si,j,ud by tlu persons namrd in ihr s,,„„d pnrwimph of not f (/) on privious pnij( .\ AFFIDAVIT OF EXKCI TION OK HISCUAIMJK OK rilAITKI- M()|{T(iA(;K. (K.S.M., ,.. II. ,. o,; I Manitoba; ^ I. . of Hu- .,r i„ ,|,, p,.„vi,u.e To Wit: \ of , — _, make oath iiml say : 1. 1 was personally prm-at iind did s.-.. "tlu- within \or, iinnexi'dl curtifiuatf of discharge of eliattel niort-a-e duly signed and executed by , one of the parties thereto. 2. The said certificate was executed at the of - tlic day of 19 — . •i. 1 know the said party. 4. I am a suhscriliing witness to tlie sai.l eertificate. Sworn, etc. on CHATTEL MOKT(JA(JE (Sova Srotia yt m ral form.) This indentirk .de the day of 1!)—. ( «, l,,.. fween A.H. of , . of the one part, and C.I), of . . of the other part. WITNESSETH that the sai.I A.M.. in consideration of the sum of dollars of lawful money of Canada to him paid hy the said CD. at or before the sealing and delivery of these presents. tlie receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, doth herel)y jrrant, l':ir-ain. sell, a.s.sigu, transfer and set over unto the said C.D.. his executors, administrators and assi-iLs, \l,rr, d,.srrih, arti,l,s\. l«) The nu.rlpiffo takon ,.|r..,.t hii.I has prioritv ,.s aiiainst l,o,in «,/,• :".H„,sor. and cT..,lit.,r, or,l.v from the tin,., of ,h;. liUnt oJJi l.Zl- Vanicl by l-.- prajwr aflidavit of bona ft,l,n ( li.S.X.S.. ,•. 14:;. s. .",. ,.<. ,(,. 652 BlLUi or SALT. AND CHATTEL MORTOA0E8. To have and to hold the same unto and to the use of the 8aid CD., his executors, administraton and anignit, on breach of the covenants, provisoH and agreement* hereinafter mentioned and expressed or any or either of them, in trust to sell the warae either at public auction or by pr" ate contract, and out of the proceeds arising from such sale to pay all expenses connected with these presents and the said sale and then to retain to and reimburse the said C.I), the said sum of dollars with in- terest then-on at the rate of per cent, per annum or any balance that may then be due to him the said CD., renderiuK the surplus, tf any there be, to the said A.H., his executors, adminis trators or assigns. Provided always and these presents are upon the express con dition that if the .said A.H., his extMJUtors, administrators or assigns, shall pay or cause to be paid to the said CI)., his exeeti- tors, ai'ministrators or assigns, the said sum of dollars with inten'.si ih.reon at the rate of per cent, per annum in months trom the date hereof then these presents shall be void, otherwise to be and remain in full force, virtue and effect. And it is agreed that until default of payment or othir default h-rein it shall be lawful for the said CD. to retain tli- posw'ssion and u.se of the said . And provided always and it is hereby agreed by and betwim the parties hereto that if any proceedings shall l)e taken at liiw or in equity to remove any of the property hereby convey (•■! without the consent of the said CD., or to assijoi or attempt to assign the same, or if any legal proceedings shall be taken or an} judgment entered against the said A.B. by any person or pi r- sons, or executions issued against him or attempted to be levi' i on the said property, or in ease of any other default herein, tli' n in either of the said cases it shall be lawful for the said CD.. Iiis executors, administrators or assigns, to take immediate pos.s(N- sion of and sell the said property, as hereinbefore provided, 1. •• fore the expiration of the said period of , and in so taking CHATTEL MORTOAOC FURM8. 653 poH6Mion, either by hinmelf or any p..r8on or p.-rnonii on hi. be- half, to enter into or upon any land., houses and prPmiH,.H hat- soever and where«o..ver when- the naid property or «„y part th..reof may be. an,I to break an,! force open any .ioorn. locks, boltH. bam. faateningH, jjateM, hou^-s, buil.linp., inelosureH or places whataoever for the purpose of takinK po*«...«ion of the «ai(t property. And the Kaid A.IV. for himself, his heirs, ex-n-utors and administrators, covenants with the said C.lJ., his heirs execu- tors, administrators and assigns, that he, the sai.l A H ' i.s law- fully possessed of the said hereinbefore enun.en.ted artieles of personal property, as of his own proin-rfy; that thev are free from all encumbrances, and that he will, and hLs heirs, exeeutom and admmistrators shall, warrant and defend them to the said CI)., his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, against the lawful claims and demands of all persons. And that he, the said A.B., hLs executors' or administrators, will pay or cause to be pai.l to the sai.l C.I)., his executors ad- ministrators or assigns, the said sum of dollars and interest at the times and in the manner hereinbefore specified and nro- N ided. And also will insure and keep insured against fire in such L'.H>d and sufficient fire insurance office or offices as shall be ap- proved of by the sai.l CD., his .■xeeutors. administrators or .4 BII.IJ* or HAl.K ANO CIIATTEI, MORTOAOEH. And that he, the iiaid A M.. Hhnll anil will o>h>,v, abide by, and |M'rform all ami every the tenna and atipulationa herein- Itel'ore mentioned aeeordinK to the true intent and meaning of theai' pre««>nta and every the eovenanta an«l aKreeinents herein eontained. In witnfxw whereof the partiet* to these prettenta have here- unto their hauilH and walN Hulmeribed and m't the day and year first above written. SlONKI), KKAI.Kl), etc. AFFIDAVIT OF HONA FIDKS. MOKTtiAOE TO SKCIHK ADVANC KS. l\l)rent or attorney of the lirantor mentioned in the bill of sale |a copy of which is| hereto annexed, duly authorizt'd in that behalf in writing, and have n personal knowledge of the matters hereinafter deposed to. | 2. Such bill of .sale truly sets forth : The terms, nature and eft'cct of the agreement entered intu between the parties in respect to the advances therein mentioncil The terms, nature and efTect of the indorsement made i>! t.'iven by the grantee for the grantor, or, The terms, nature and efl'ect of the liability incurred by il L'rantee for the grantor, or, The terms, nature and etfect of th.' agreement in iespi-.» to the liability to be incurred by the gr.tntee for the grantor And truly states the amount of the liability created \<>r, liv such agreement intended to be created] and to be covered by th ■ bill of sale. II CIIATTi:!, MOKTdAIIIC roHMH. 65S ;J. Such hill of nmIc wan fxecuti'd in kooI fHith. hikI for flu- ItiirpoHc of H.'ciiriii« the Krantci- rcpHyirii-iit of liiH hiIvhikm-h, \(,r, nKrtiiiHt loHH or hy rr«Hon of liiii iiKlorM.-m.-nf!., «/r,«KHinHt loHH or (laiimif.- h. rcaHon of tlu- liability iiuiirr.Ml l.y th.- grauU-*- for th.- jfraiitor, <>r, airainut Ionh or dairiMK.' l.y r.-ajioii of «ncli H»fn-.-Mi.-rit ill r.-sp..,.t to thr liahility to I..' iiiciirr.-.l, | auil not for tlif uurv piirpoH.. of |.rot.rtiiiK th." peDtonal i-lwitti-U th.r.'iii iii.'iitioni'd iiRHinst thr .•p.-.litors of the grantor, or of pn-vcntintr Hiii-h (TtMiitorH from n-t'ovi'Pinj.' any <'laiiiis which tiny Iwivr HirainHt such ^rHntor •'^^■'"*'^' '■''•• I >•<>/""/ 1 A.M. H K\ K \VA L HTATKM KNT KOH (!||.\TTKI. MOKTCJAtiK (.,). (K.S.\.S., c. 142. s-h. ( .1 Statkmknt .'xhihitinn the int.T.'st of (M).. in th.- property iiniitiontMl ill a l.ill of nhI.- ri.stry of d.-t-ds for the r.-tfis- 'iifion .lislrict of on th. .lay of 1!)_ and of the " "" ''""' for priiK-ipal and int.-r.-.st th.-r.-on, an.l of all pay- "iiis iiiadt' on account th.-n-of. I'll.- siii.l (M). i.s still the trrant.-c of th.- sai.l property an.l h. ^ n..l a-ssi-ii.-.l the hill of sal.- \,.r. th.- Hai.j K.F. is th,- jLssi^n.-.- " !li.- said *mII of .sail- hy virtue of an as.siKimi.-nt th.-r.-of from ■ H«i,i CD., r.i him. .lated the — — day of 1!)—. ,„• ns the ••• nmii Iti .\. ^' pax^^IeBi?^ tiave heen made on account of the said hill . *' .... ^. -j„, faiJlowiusr payiiient.s and no oth.-rs hav.- he.-n ma !e i»cmiSBi- 9> Th. .said hill of .sale: Ut— .ianiiarv ]. (ash received $ . 1 "_^"" '^■««-»al -^tatpnipnt ami alli.liivit must !>,■ i1I,m| witliin 30 davs ■M i-n—^rns: Ui- .-.vpir.,!,,..! ..f .1 year, fr,..n - ,.■ filing. „f tl.,- hill of ,ale ...-rtaap. ,r ,,«.>•. .T iM.in th,. tiling „f th,- l:,.t n•,u■^,^[ ^tatempnt and 656 BILLS OF PALE AND CHATTEL XORTOAOES. The amount due for principal and interest on the said bill of sale is the sum of $ , computed as follows [here give the computation]. Dated at the day of 19—. Witness : [Signature of CD. or E.P. as the case may be.] AFFIDAVIT ON RENEWAL OF CHATTEL MORTGAfiE (p). (R.S.X.S.. 0. 142, Sch. C.) County of ,^ I, , of in the county of -, the To Wit: ^ grantee named in the bill of sale mentioned in the foregoing [or, annexed] statement [or, assignee of the grantee named in the bill of sale mentioned in the foregoing statement], make oath and say: That the foregoing [or, annexed] statement is true. That the bill of sale mentioned in the said statement has not been kept on foot for any fraudulent purpose. Sworn, ele. BILL OF SALE OF GOODS AND CHATTELS. The rammon form (with special clauses to he added whtn desired). This indenture made the day of 19 — , betwi'tii of the of in the county of , , hereinaftir called the bargainor, of the first part, and of the oi -, , hereinafter called the bar in the county of , - gainee, of the second part. (p) ThU affidavit may I"" niadi" by tho );raiiti>r or grant<>c or <>iii> "i several Krantors or grantees, or the assignee, or one of several assignees, .n any next of kin, executor or administrator of a deceased grantee or assigno- or the agent of a grant**', or of any next of kin, exeoutor. ailniinistrator ■" assignee duly authorize*! (R.S.N.S., e. 142, h. 7, «s. 3). If the alliihuii is made by the agent or attorney reijuired to make it, then the agent m attorney flhall state that he has a personal knowledge of tho matters rainor thereto an.l therein, unto and to the use of the bargainee. Covenant for title and peaceable po.,stssion. To hold (q) the said hereinliefore assigned goods and chat- And the bargainor both hereby for himsc-lf. his ex^K-utore an,l administrators, covenant with the bargainee, his executors. -- — "It-is or SALE. If 658 BILLS OP SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. administrators and assigns, that the bargainor is now rightfully and absolutely possessed of and entitled to the said hereby assigned goods and chattels and every of them and every part thereof. And that the bargainor now has in himself gooies of the bargainee, his executors, administrators or assigns, Im at the cost and charges of the bargainee, his executors, admini- trators or as.signs, make, do and execute, or eau.se or pro<'int t be made, done and executed, all such further acts, do ds am assurances for the more effectually assigning and assuring tli said goods and chattels unto the bargainee, his executors, .ni ministrators or assigns, in manner aforesaid, and according t the true intent and meaning of these presents as by tln' im CHATTEL MORTGAGE FORMS. 659 gainee his executors, administrators or a.si,ns or his or their counsel .„ the law shall be reasonably advised or require. IX wmxESHv hereof the parties hereto have hereu ' set their hands and seals. f'euiiio .set Signed, sealed and delivered (>•)) in the presence of { AFFIDAVIT OF EXKfTTlO.X •►K HILI, OK sALK. (R.NO. Ktl4. <•, I;i5. H. H.) '. , of tlu- "f — in tile county Ontario ; "j County of , To Wit: J of , — , ,„„ke oath and sa v :' 1. I was personally pre.sent and did see the "wit in lor annexed] bill of sale duly signed, sealed an.l execute.l l.v -' lone of] the parties thereto. 2. The name ■• ' \sig„alun of witn««l«' I'y the pr..,i,lont. vice-president man oper, awistant manager, .ecretary, or treasurer, or other oflkTrof .ha ^™' ml T%6:Tm:' "' '•"*"""'"" "' '•"- •"-"'" in t<..^-"h:lf'';R.s.o: .1 662 BILLS OP SALK AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. part. BILL OF SALE OF GOING CX)XCERN'. Tins iNDENTrRE made tin- day of — of , of the first part, and - of - 19 — , between -, of the second Whereas the party of the first part has for some yean prior to the date hereof carried on Imsine.ss as a coal |and wood | merchant at Xo. , street, in the town of . And whereas it has been agreed that tiie party of the first part shall sell and that the party of the second part shall bnv from the party of the first part his said business and his stoel in trade, horses, carts, wagons, sleighs, harness, book debts lease of premises, business fixtures and furniture and everythini used in and about the said business and the good will of the busi ness, all for the price or sum of dollars. Now this indentihe witnesseth that in pursuance of thi said agreement and in consideration of the said sum of dollars paid by the party of the second part to the party of tin first part at or before the sealinj; and delivery of these present: (the receipt whereof is hereby by him acknowledged) the part.\ of the first part doth bargain, sell and assign unto the party o the second part, his executors, administrators and assigns al the interest and good will of him the party of the first par of, in or concerning the said |coal and wood] business carritM on at the premises aforesaid. And also all and singular tii' book debts due or owing to the party of the first part in resp.T of the said business, and all securities for or evidence of indi'bt cdness relating thereto, and the benefit of all contracts and iii giigciiieiits entered into with, and orders given to the party of lli first part in eonneetion with the said business; and also iil and singular the stoek in trade of U'oal and wood] and the ivnA' fixtures, furniture, sheds, offices, stables, horses, carts, wa>;oii> slei^dis. harness, euttinj; maehiiies, articles, effects, matti-r and thing's belonging: to the i)arty of the first part in respcf CHATTEL MORlv (IE FORMS. 668 of th,. saw! buMi,...*, or in H„y wise „8..i i„ or h..|oni,i„ff ,o the 8a.d huHu,..*., a...l wheth,.r on th.- premises where the sai." husi- ne«, .s earrie,! on or elsewhere, an.l whieh are u.ore partienlarlv descnbed .n the schedule hereto annexed. An.l also the residue of the term or lea«. .vet unexpire.l of the premises aforesaid where the .sai.l business is now earrie.l on. An.l al) the ri-^ht t.tle, interest, propert.v. elaim and lemand whatsoever of "the party of the first part of it, in, ,„ anu out of the san.e. and everv part thereof. To hold the said hereinbefore assijjne.l business. ;,oo,l will book debts. goo,is and chattels. buildiuKs. and residue of thJ «a.d terms with the appurtenances, an.i all the ridn title and interest of the party of the first part thereto and therein, as aforesaid, unto and to the use of the party of the .second part his executors, administrators and assigns. And the party of the first ,,«rt doth hereby, for hin.self h.s heirs, executors an.i administrators, covenant, promise ami a«ree with the party of the second part, his executors, adminis- trators and assigns in manner following, that is to sav That he, the party of the first part, is now ri.rhtfully and absolutely possessed of an.l entitl..,l to the .sai.l hen-by assi.^ned busines.; gooafter. peaceably an.i quietlv liave, hold, possess and enjoy the sai.l hen-bv assigned business froo.i will, goods and chattels, buildings an.l tl„- r..si,|„e of the sa..l term to and for his own use and benefit, without anv manner 01 hindrance, interruption, molestation, claim or .l.m.and what- il 664 BlUM or 8AUB AND CHATTCL MOBTOAOK8. i soever, of, from or by him the party of the fint part, or any pei son whomsoever, and free and clear, and absolutely released an discharged, from and against all former and other bargain sales, gifts, grants, titles, charges and encumbrances whatsoeve And moreover, that he, the party of the first part will froi time to time, and at all times hereafter, upon every reasonab request of the party of the second part, his executors, admii istrators or assigns make, do and execute or cause or procure I be mi !e, done and executed, all such further acts, deeds an ..Adurances as may be necessary for the more effectually assign in and assuring the said hereby assigned business, good will, gooi and chattels, buildings and the residue of the said term, uni the party of the second part, his executors, administrators ( assigns, in manner aforesaid, and according to the true intei and meaning of these presents. And for the better and more effectually getting in the sa several debts, effects and premises and enforcing the said co tracts and engagements, the party of the first part here! appoints the party of the second part, and his substitute substitutes, the attorney and attorneys of him the party the first part in his name but for the benefit of the party of tl second part, to demand, call in and receive the said debts, ettVc and premises, and in case of the non-payment, non-delivery non-performance thereof to commence and prosecute all actio and proceedings for obtaining the payment, delivery or pi formance thereof respectively. In witnes.s, etc. Signed, sealed, etc. ScHEDi'LE referred to in the within indenture made betwf and , and dated the day of 19 — . 1. Property on the premises known as number , — street, in the town of . tons of coal or thereabouts, consisting of nut, stove, grate and soft, also coal screenings. f^ 1 CHATTIL UORTOAOB roRMS. 665 cords of wood or thereabouts, consutting of hard pine and Blabs. The building known as the office, situate on the said pre- mises, with the office furniture, consisting of desks, books, chairs, safe, carpets, pictures, stoves, etc. The sheds, steam engine and splitter, platform scales, screens and yard fittings, and wood cutting machine. The stables, and stable fittings, feed chopper and feed in the stable. horses, carts, single wagons, double wagons, sleigh«, racks, sets cart harness, sets double harness, and horse covers. All other articles, effects, matters and things belonsfing to the said party of the first part in connection with his coal and wood business, and in or upon the said premises. 2. Also all coal and wood purchased by the said partv of the first part and which has not yet been delivered at the said several yards in . [For Affidavit of Execution and Affidavit of Bona Fides, see affidavit forms following Bill of Sale form, ante.] AUTHORITY TO AGENT TO TAKK BILUS OF SALE («). (R.S.O. lau. <>. 135, »8. 12, 13.) Know all men by these presents that I, CD., of the of , in the county of , , do hereby constitute, authorize and appoint E.F., of the of in the county of , . my true and lawful agent and attorney for me and on my behalf to take and receive [if it is intended to give authority to take a rertain bill of sale only, add, from one A.B. of the of in the county of , , a bill of sale of certain chattels, the property of the said A.B., for and in consideration of the sum .„ .L"fli^*^r.. *!*'''* •"♦■'»<»'*y «"• the authority itself must be attached to and ai«d with th« conveyance (R.S.O. 1914, c. 138. g. 13). i f u « rl ! 66(> RII.IX iW SAI.K. AND ClIATnCI. MORTUAOEH. of dollnrM to Im* paid by tin* for the pun-hniw thrrpof, hut if it i» intrndni to nivr aiithoritu to takr hill.n of mlr grneralln, sail, all anil any IiiIIh of naIi> luTt-iwary or «'xp«lifnt to \h> taken for int- and on my iM'half from any pt>nion or pcraona whoin«o- i>v«T aa I niyai'lf couhl ilo|. And for all and every of Hie piirpo«et for or on tiehalf of the .said company from any per- son, tirni or cori)oration, any mortgage, bill of side or assign- ment to. or in favour of. the said company, of any personal pro perty or of any mortgages thereon, cither as security for, or in .satisfaction of all or any part of any debts, moneys, claims or demands which is or are now. or shall hereafter be payable, d\h- CIIATTBI, MORTUAUK roKMS. 667 or owinB from or afr.iinNt any p.-nton, Hr,,, or corporation in favour of th.. luiici rompany, and to til.- or r.tfist.-r th.. m,w or caua.- the aam.> to 1... fl|,.,| „r ri-ginUn-d, an.l to aiffn and make all prop<.r affi.lavita, .l.-clnnifionM or Htati-m.-ntN, and to do all thinjrs n.T.«miry. or whiMi th.-y or .-ith.-r of thoiu shall d.'Hn n..c..«.ary or ..xp..di.-nf. t., .■»•,.,.( hik-H tiling or r.-Kiatration. an.l from fim- to tin..- to r.-n.-w hucIi filinjf or n-Kistration. and to do or fan*- to Im- don*> anything' n.-e.-twary, or whicli tli.-y or .'ithiT of th.-m Nhall d.-.ni n. saary or .•xp.-di.-nt to k.vp oii foot or in for.-.- any mortuau- or uaaiKnm.nt of any p.-raonal property luTftofor.. or lu-rvufU-r ma.ir or ..x.-iMit.Ml in favour of or a.ssijrn..d to the aaid company, and for aueh purpoaes to sign and make all aflBdavita, declarations and statements which are or shall be require.1 by law. or by them or eith.-r of them shall be deemed necessary or expedient as to the inter.sts of the aaid company in any property, or as to the amount due or the payments made on such morttfHtfe or security, or th.- jfood faith 'an.l ab»,.nce from fraud in relation to th.- same, or any further or other particulars or matters relatinj; thereto. AI'TIIOKITV TO AtJKNT HV A (OMI'AW TO TAKK AND RKXKW. KTC. HII.US OK SAI-K AM) CHArrKI, MORTfiAfiES. (R.S.O. 1914. .-. 135, s. lii.i Kn.iw ai.i, men l>y these i»resents that we, The Com- I>any, Limited, .io hereby con.stilut.-, appoint and authoriz, „f the of , i„ the county of . | ni!iiiii>;er| of the -aid company, our true and lawfid attoin.-y an.l a»rent for us :ind on our behalf to take an.l ren.'W all hills of sale ami chattel inortnra;res necessary or .-xpclient to be tak.ii and r.-n.-w.-.l from tune to time an.l to make such affi.lavits as may I.,' re.piin'd for the registration tber.'of, aji.l for the purp.)ses aforesaid we do hereby give our sai.l attorney a.i.l ag.-nt full power an.l autli- frity to do, perform and execute all acts, .le.-.l.s. matters and 668 BRJUB or HJdJt AND CUATTBL MOSTUAUCH. things neceaury to be done in the premiMi [and also to com mence, institute and prosecute all actions, suits and other pro ceedinKs which may be necessary or expedient in and about th< premisesj as fully and efTectually as we the said company, couli do; we hereby ratifying and agreeing to ratify and confirm al and whatsoever our said attorney shall lawfully do or cause ti be done by virtue hereof. Ab WITNE88 our Corporate seal this day of 19— Alberta. BILL OF SALE OF GOODS AND CHATTELS. (Con. Ord. AlU. 1911, c. 43.) [The sanif an the gentral form ante. The bill of sale mun "contain sufficient and full description thereof that the sum may be readily and easily known and distinguished."] Albebta, I To Wit :^ AFFIDAVIT OF EXECl'TIOK OF BILL OF SALK. (Con. Or.l. .\lt«. toil, c. 43.) I, , of the of — — in the of -, make oath and 8a\' : 1. 1 was personally present and did see the foregoing {id annexed] bill of sale duly signed, sealed and executed by — — one of the parties thereto. 2. The name " " {signature of witnett] set and sul scribed as a witness to the execution thereof is of the propi handwriting of me this deponent. 3. The said bill of sale was executed at the of ii the of . Sworn. OBATTSL MOBTOAQK FORMS. AFFIDAVIT OF BONA FIDES BV nAHTUINEE. (Con. Ord. AlU. 1911, o. 43.) I The $ame at the Ontario formt. | Alberta To Wit rit:} — , AFFIDAVIT OF BONA FIDES IIV AOKXT OF BAIWiAlNEE. (tVin. OrJ. AlU. 1911, c. 43.) , of the of in the — of make oath uxl aay : 1. I am the duly authorized agent of , the bargainee in the foregoing [or, annexed] conveyance or bill of sale named for the purposes of the iiaid conveyance, anI)N AND C'HATTKLs. (15.S.M.. ... 11, s. 3.) [Same as Ontario form.] (1) If the authority ix a gpiwral ono to take all or any billx of sale It m not iMceasary U> attach a eopy to each bill of sale fll«d. provided such general authority is filed with the clerk (Con. Ord. Alta 1911 c 43) ■.i t)7() BIIJ«S OF SAI.K AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. AFFIDAVIT OF EXECUTION OK BILL OP SALE. (R.S.M., c. n. ». 3.) I, , of the of in the Manitoba; ^ To Wit: \ of -, make oath and say: 1. I was personally present and did see the foregoing [or, anne.\ed| hill of sale duly signed, sealed and executed hy , one of the parties thereto. 2. The name " " {xinnatiin of witniss] set and sub- scrit)ed as a witness to the e.xeeution thereof is of the proper handwriting of me, this deponent. II. The said hill of side was executed at the of in the of . SwoKN, etc. Ma.mtoba ; I To Wit: \ AFFIDAVIT OF BONA FIDKS BY BAR(!.A!NKK (ir). (R.S.AI.. p. II. s. :t.) -, of the of I, in the of -, the bargainee \or, one of the bargainees! in the foregoing \or, annexed] conveyance or bill of sale named, make oath and say: That the sale therein made is boii/i fidt and for good or valuable (r) consideration, namely, the sum of dollars, as Set forth in the said conveyance, and is not for the purpose of holding or enabling me this deponent \or, the bargainees therein named or either of us (i/) | to hold the goods mentioned therein against the creditors of , the bargainor therein named. SwoK.v, etc. (ir) Wlii-n there are two or more liarniiiiiei's. one of tlieni may iiiiik.' the artidHvit (R.S;M.. e. II. s. 12). Wlieii tile sale i-i to an incor|>orati'.l eonipany. »<•<■ the spiNJal form. tmnl. (J) The wonU "or valiialile" are not in the Ontario Aet. (i/l If there are more than two liarpiiiiees. say "enabling the hat gaineeH therein name<| or any of ni." i P ¥ [jBl u IjkI "i 11 It !3 .Manitoba; ) To Wit: \ CHATTEL MORTOAOK FORMS. AFFIDAVIT OF HONA FIDES in ACiENT OF BAROAIXEE. (K.S.M.. 0. II, *,,. ;t. 12.) I, — -, of the of in the 671 , make oath ami say: of 1. I am th.. duly authorize.l (z) agent of , the bargainee in tlie tore-onig \or, annexed | eonveyance or 1,111 of sale named for th.. |,»r|.ase.s of the said eonveyanee, and 1 am aware of all the cireunistanees eonneeted with the sale. 2. The sale therein ma.le is houe,r..t.rv or a«-nt of the cor poration in the prcnince (Man. 1910, c. 8. «. I ). "^ ' I if 672 BlUiS OF SALE AND CHATTCL IIORTOAOKS. holding or enabling the said bargainee to hold the gooda men- tioned therein against the creditors of , the bargainor therein named. Sworn, etc. of m BILL OF SALE. ABSOLUTE SALE OF CMATTELS (6). (iVovo Scotia form.) Know all men (c) by these presents that — the county of , , hereinafter called the grantor, in con- sideration of , has granted, bargained and sold, and by these presents doth grant, bargain and sell unto , hereinafter called the grantee, the following personal property, viz. : . To have and to hold all and singular the said personal pro- perty unto the grantee, his executors, administrators and assigns, to his and their sole use for ever. And he, the grantor, for himself, his heirs, executors ami administrators, doth covenant to and witn the grantee, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, that he is lawfully pos- sessed of the said hereinbefore enumerated articles or personal property, as of his own property, that they are free from all encumbrances, and that he will, and his heirs, executors ami administrators shall, warrant and defend the same to thi' grantee, his heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, against the lawful claim.s and demands of all persons. In tkstimony whereof he, the said . has hereunto s.t Ills hand and seal this day of 19 — . Skjned, se.xled, etc. [As to Affidavit of Ejcicution and Affidavit of Bona Fidis, ,<- h.s.y.s. c. 142.] (M The bill of sale Xakr* cffwt and has priority %» a)a>int«t hom't !>■!■ piirclix««T» and orwlitors only from th*- time of the flling thereof iiii'.?:i panied by the proper affidavit of fcotki fidet (R.S.N.S., e. 142, «. 5, «■». 31. ((■) It will be noticed th«t the rommenceiDent of thia form of bill i- »»le iliffers from that of Chattel Mortgafte in Nova Scotia. There i- n special reason why either style of commencement may not be used for eitVi.T fcirm. hut the ones ijiven are thow tr<'nerally uxed. ii ■ ^1 CHATTEL MORTOAOE FORMS. 673 I, A.M., of , i„ the count V of [orn, potion], make oath and say as'follows: AFFIDAVIT OF HONA FIDKS OK IlIU, OK SAI.K AM) < HATTKI. .M(>Kr,;A(;K. (General form.) (K.S.X.S., ,.. 14,, sch. H) Province of ] .N'ova Seotia, County of . r I am th,. grantor .nontioned in tl.e bill of sal. [a copy of wh.eh «! hereto ann.-.xe.i lor. I a.„ the agent, .,-, attorney, of the grantor n.ent,one.l in the hill of .sale |a copy of which isj hereto annexed. ,luly authorised in that behalf in writing, and have a personal knowle.lge of the n.atters hereinafter deposed tol -. The a,aou„t set forth therein as being the consideration hereo was at the tin... of „.„kin,. such bill „f sale justly and honestly ayment to the grantee of such amount | ^. .Such hill of sale was not n.a.le for the n.ere purpose of ITotect.ng the personal chattels therein n.en.ione.l against ,he .•n.,l,tors of the grantor, or of preventing such creditors from .veovenng any dain.s which they have again.st such grantor SwuK.v to nf in the coinity of this dav of A.I). 1!»— . Hefore nie, ) ASSIGNMKNT OF DKBT WITH COVKNAXIs. ThI.S INDENTIRE mad.' the d,,y of between -, hereinafter calle.l the a.s.signor. of the one part, and \f • ^"•''••■•»«fter call,.d with the assiKiK'e for the al)solutf sale to him of tlic said (i'lit for the sum of doUars. Now THIS INDENTIRE wiTNKssCTii that in consideration of the sum of — — d .hirs now paid hy the assiRiiee to the assignor (the rtH-eipt whereof is hereiby aeknowledged), tlie assi)?nor iierel)y assiffiis, transfers and sets over to the assignee the said debt, and all hi« right, title and interest therein; to hold the said debt of dollars unto the assignee absolutely. And the assignor covenants with the assignee that the .saiil debt or sum of dollars Is si ill due and owing to him from the said de(l)tor: that he has good right to assign the said debt iinto the aa6';:r"'e in the inanner aforesaid; and that he, the assignor, will not at any time hereafter receive the said debt or sum of dollars, or any part thereof, nor do any act whereby the assignee may be prevented or hindered from iii forcing the payment of the said debt; and also that the assignor and all persoiw rightfully claiming any interest in the said debt or .sutii of dollars shall and will from time to time, and :it any time hereafter, execute such further assurances for effect ually assigning the said debt or sum of dollars to the assignee as he or his counsel in the law shall require. It is hereby dt^dared and agreed that these presents and everj-thing herein contained shall respectively enure to lli. benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto, their exccu tors, administrators and asf-.igns, respectively. 1\ WITNESS, etc. Signed, sealed, etc. ASSKINMKNT OF DKIJT WITH \VAi:i{.\NTV OK INDKIJTEDNKSS. (Short form.) Know am. men by these presents that I, , of consideration of dollars to me paid by of - -, 111 I till' CIIATTEI, MORTGAGE FORMS. 675 rece.pt whereof I hereby ackncwie.lge), do hereby ,..si,n ,o the 8aul _- absolutely a certain debt owing to me irom of — - for (ko,hLs supplied, etc.] and all and every sum or sums of money now due or to become due thereon. And I hereby warrant that the said debt is still due and owing to n.e from the Z^\7 ' '"'' '"* ^'■"■""'^'^' "^'■^^'J "'• '-"-"."-red tlie said debt or any part thereof. In' witness, etc. Signed, sealed, etc. it »n of the ASSIGNMENTS OF DKMts GKNKF{ALLV WniKUT (OVKWNTS. {Short form.) KN'.nv ML MEN by these pre.s,.nts, that we AM., ...d CD., .ran "^ ' ''°'"*'' ''"«'"'■'« "'"l''"- tl'P firm name of A.t . & Coinpany, m consideration of the sum of [one dollar] o us pan! -by E.F. of — , do hereby a^ign to the said E F 1.US executors, administrators and assigns, absolutely, all debt^ and 8u,„a of money now due to the said firm of A.C. & Company Iron, any person or corporation whatsoever, together with all nlu^L "r"^*"^', •I?'"''' ''^•^"'••"*«' JuJ^ment., insurance pohcies, ehe^iues. bdls (d), notes, chose, in action and other securmes for money now held by or in the name or for the -.efit of the «aid tiru, as also ail contracts or agreement! «lu h the saul firm now is or may be entitled thereunder In witness, etc. Signed, sealed, etc. ASSIGNMENT OF BOOK DEBTS Vim K.XISTINT, DEHT AM) I.|U;sE.\r ADVAM K ^ Tms iN-,,.NT,RK ma.ie the day of — . between and - of , [merchants,] trading in co-pnrtner- • "i,^;*::^'t^;,z;: irr::;;-^ s,:: --i ivs ■'- Hi;' 676 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. ship under the name, style and firm of and Company, here- inafter called the aaaignors, of the first part, and of . hereinafter called the assignee, of the second part. "Whereas the assignors are now carrying on and intend to carry on business in partnership at number , street, in the [town] of as [merchants]. And whereas the assignee has heretofore at different tiiius made cash advances as loans to assignors, amounting in tlif aggregate to the sum of dollars, and the aasignors are a I present indebted to the assignee in the [said] sum of — dollars. And whereas the assignors have applied to the aasigi for a further advance in cash, and the assignee has agreed to advance to them the further sum of dollars in ca.sh upon the execution of these presents as collateral security for the Siiid l)a8t and present advances (hereinafter called the said indeSjt.d ness), in order to assist the assignors in their said business. Now THIS indenture WITNESSETH that in consideration oi the said indebtedness (the amount whereof is hereby acknoul edged) the aasignors do hereby assign, transfer and set ov. , unto the assignee, his executors, administrators and lussitriis, firstly, all the debts, claims and demands now due or owinjr or accruing due and owing to the aasignors trading as afons^iii out of their said business as , the accounts whereof are iio« mentioned in the ledgers or other account books of the siii. business. Secondly, all the debts, claims or demaniLs whi! nuiy at any time hereafter become due and owing to tli.' is signors trading as aforesaid arising out of their .said busine<>< i , the accounts whereof may hereafter be mentioned in th. ledgers or other actH)unt books in connection with tlie -i^ bu.siness. Ami the a.ssigiiois, for themselves, their and each ot' t.i exccutora and administrators, covenant and agree witli lli- is signee, his executors, administrators and a.ssigns, tliat tlu\ ul at any time upon demand or request of the assignee t'uiiiisii ; II in CHATTEL MOBTOAOE FORMS. 577 true and correc-t list and schedule of the said debts claims and unto the aasimiee his Px«.„fn~ i • * ^^ thereof i^igaee, his exixjutoro, administrators and assigns. ABd the assignors do hereby assign, transfer and set over unto the assignee, his executors, administrator, and ass gus aU ttof . "' """"*' ^""^''^"^' ''•'-"'-O- notes, Che" e bilk of exchange and all other documents or eviden es of 1' «a.d debts, or any of them, or any part thereof, together uU. iKwks Of account in which there are or h..r..«f. f -tries of the par.ieulai, of the said debts '""^' "' ""^ And the assignors hereby irrevocably ,iomi„Hte constitute Hnd ap,K,int the assignee, his executors, administrator^ d .assigns their true and lawful attorney or attornevsTo I Ue .and, sue for and recover the said deht«. clai.ns and d ma .ds nd every of them, and to give effectual receipts and disch ge r an> of them which may seem bad or .loubtful, and to give t....e for payment thereof with or without security. And it is hereby undenstood and agreed that these presents -V .nen as collateral security only for ,he due pav„. .' -.1 indebtedness, and that the ex.-ution hereof Lu no, i , -y suspend or aifect the present or future rights and it ^ the assign... m respect of the .said in.h.b.e.lne.ss. or a„v ;^n. , nor shall it aff,.t any securiti.. which „e now 1.^: ;:::Z:7 '"' •" '-"'''' -' ''- -'^ • '""""- - -^y l.V WITNE.S.S, etc. SlONEI), SEALED, etc. 678 BILUS OK .S.M.K AND CIIATTI.:!. MOBTUAOES. H ASSIGNMFLNT OF BOOK DEBTS KOR KXISTINO DEHTS AND KlTl KE ADVANCES. We, and Conipaiiy of , [merchants], hereby assiRii, transfer ami set over to of , his executors, adminis- trators and asHJgrns, all book debts, accounts and ehottes in action now due or accruing due to us in connection with our business as [general nierehants] ; and also all book dobts, accounts and cliosew in action which may at any tin»e hereafter become due and owing to us in connection with our business; and also nil deeds. Ijooks, vouchers, promissory notes, cheques, bills of ex- change and other documents or evidences of the said debts, iic- counts and choses* in action, or any of them or any part thereof or in any manner relating to or containing entries of the said book debt«. accounts, choses in action or any of them, to be h.M by the said iw a collateral security to the present and nil future indebtedness of us tc the said . "We hereby covenant and agree on demand at any time to prepare and deliver to the said , his heirs, executors, ml minLstrators or assigns, a full list of all accounts due or aecruinu' due to us. and to execute such further assurances or assign- ments an may be necessary to complete their title, and to prepiir.' and jleliver to them all deeds, books, vouchers, promissory notes, bills of exchange and other dwuments or evidences of the .said debts, accounts and ehoses in action, or any of tliein or any pail thereof, ant8, aeeo-i.t.s and ehoses in tu-tion. This assignment is executed as a continuing security eol lateral to our indebtedne.sjs to the said . whether the sail indebtedness has been already eontraete.i or may be liereaft. i contracttHl, and the exi-cution hereof shall not in any way mi- pend oi- affect the present or future rights and remiHlie.s of tl.. said in respect of the sjiid indebtedness or luiy part thereof CHATTEL MORTOAOE FORMS. 679 nor Nhall it affed jiiiy 8iHMiriti,.8 which fhiy now or li,.n'Hlt..r may hol.l in reH,.,rt of th.- miid in(i..ht..diu-ss or any ,,»,•! thrr.-l'. [// it is iHl,Hd,d to limit the sauritu I" '• H^'d amount, add: Vrovuk'il. however, that tiiis assignment shal! he li.nite.j to the extent of ,i„Hars, hut .shall he eonsi.i.Te.i as a .•..ntinuinL' seeurity to that extent. | The understanding on whieh this .s.-eurity is given is Ih.it the »aid shall aeeept payment of our present overdue iM.lehtedness as follows: .loilan* in .lavs from this date and the halanee in [weekly) payments of dollars th.-reafter until paid. In \vit.nes.s, ete. Skj.NKI), SKAI.KP, ete. ASSIGNMENT OF BOOK DEBTS. EXI.sriX(i DKUTS .AXU FITIRK .XDVANfES. (Sliort form.) To of . ^^' ' *>^ ' t-arrjing on business under the name of and Company, do herehy. for valuable .-onsideration and 'I..' mm of one dollar (the reeeipt whereof we herehv aeknowl- .Hlge) «a.siKn. transfer and s,.t over to you all our book debt.s HC-eoiHits and ehosos in aetion both present an.l future and also all our books and papers both present an.l futun- eontaining entries of or relatii>g to the sa>ne, as collateral seeuritv for our present an.l future indebtedness to you. An.l in ea.s.- it I >„... .icTSsary for you to eolleet the ahov at any ti.,.,- then the .-osts aiHl expends ther..of «hall be a first charge on the pro..e...ls thereof. In wiTNE.'is, etc. Sl.i.NIiD, SKAl.EI>, etc. f«s«* A 680 WliM OF BALE AND CHATTEl. MUHTOAOia. ASSIGNMENTS OF PKRSONAL PROPERTY. SPECIAL DKSCRIPTIOXS. The Bpecial de«cription« following may either be inserteil. when required, in vHrioua instrument, (for example, in a bill of gale, or other instruments of a general nature,) or may In- used for the deseriptive parts of special conveyances of the sjb- ject matter to whioh the dencription relates. Agreennnt. All that the said recited agreement, and all the estate, right, title, Itenefit, advantage, property, claim and deinanlement8, machinery, uten.sils. crops cut, or foildii. whether now u{>on the said lands or elsewhere [and which aii more particuhirly descrrljed in the schedule- hererto]. Furniture. All the hrtusehold furniture and eflfects specified in thr schedule hereto and lying or l)eing in the messuage or teneinciii known as number , street, iu the [town] of . CHATTEL MOMTUAOE PIIKM8. 681 Oood will atul a»srta of husincits. All that the intemt and good will of the mid \vfndor\ in the Mid 'btwini-M of carried on by liim at . and hUo all the liook and oth«»•. n-verHioniiry intereKt | of tli.' Hiiid under the waid will |('C, Hettleiiietif | expeelniit ujidii and to take efTeet in iMiwttvwion imtiiediately upon and iil'ti r the dweitse of the Haid | .iii\ in.siirint; tiie life of \insiintH ati.l hiuiw of money .Inc anil owiiiK to th.' wii.t partn.-rHliip of ' .am, ] from any p.r- Hon or perHonn wlioniwx'vcr for or i tliip and all m-ciirilifs for the -ii, or bilk nivt-n to tlw iiaid partn ■ ;. u. ,, ,y ■,, i,t nu'nt or iuitinrai'ti(»n <»f the >»<:■ i i !■ , ,> . i, iH'Mj'Ht of all riKlilM and rem . , , ,• , i jf tilt! -mid partrur- h .lii 1 all other property and etTiM-tM of the said partnenthip. Sharts in a iiimfMiinj ,ir dank. All theae — nhares of |commonl »tiH-k of the par value of dollars each (numbered to iiicluNivi'l in liie capital of the sse.ssioii. 9S Keplevin by mortgagee against mortgagor before defjiujt. 98 Of trespass against sheritf by mortgagi'e .lit i tied to pos- session, 10!), Ill Abandonment of as eonsideration. 40, 4(J For .surplus proceeds of sale. Ill ADDRESS— Si( l)t>CRIITI()\'. ADVElM'lSl.N't;- Effect in determining suftieienev of sale, 85 Sale, 113. 114 686 BIIJ* OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTUAUES. AFFIDAVIT OF HON A FIDES— Form of. 1!)8 \fc.w8ity of inakintr. I!t8. 421, .424, 426. 464 OPicer of corporation may make, 221 Who may take affi.lavit to, 220, 225, 226 Solicitor of iiiorfKnRci', 220 Coiitciits of, 201, 202 Variance fron» statutory form, cfTcct, 1!*!> Keffistration of, 1911 Kegistration of inortgaKe without affidavit. clTect. liV.) Form untler Ontario Act, 606-ti()8, (>17-61!t. 6.")!)-661 MortfcaKe to WTUre advances, form of, 624-626 Form under Alberta Ordinance. 64(» Iiider Manitolm Act. 645. 648. 649. 671 Under Nova Scotia Act, 654, 67.3 AFFIDAVIT OF KXKCI'TION— When made. 164, US, 46:{ ContcntM. 165 OiiiiH-sions from, effect, 164, 165 Of chattel mortKajje. form of, 605 Of eh.attel mortKaKe (Man.). 644 or assivMiment of chatti'l morti:a;fe. fi)riii of. 620 Of diiiehiirjre (Alta.). 644 AFFIDAVITS— or (XiMution. s>( Akfh)avit ok E.xkci tio.v. Of Ixiiiii /it/(.<. .sir Afkii>a\it op Hon a Fii>i->i. To accompany instrument, 422 Validity of. 421. 424. 4.15 Defective jurat. 418 To shew date of extn-ution, 418 Of joint or several irraiitors. 410 ■S-.vearin^r" or "affirminir," 422 Siiriialure of coiiunissioner. 42:{ Statement of fi;es for future advances or indorseiiieiit.s. 44:!. 45(1 AtTiilavit of renewal. 511 N'alidify of affitlavitJ* of renewal, 522 .\fliilavit on railway equipment mortKajre. 52f> .Mlidavit of iis-siirnment. 54i) ■-KV- INDKX. (W7 AFFIDAVITS ..,„tl„>n,l. Form ol iirtiilavit of rnifwal. .'.4:{ I'MPtirs authorizcl to t,.k,. atli.javits in S.-..k,it,li,vvai.. :m AFTKH AClillRKI) I'HOPKKTY - Sir CHOI'S, ACCKSSIONS, AmmaUs. ("oiitract for sale of. 2n InffPfst ac l,c iTiorfu.-iiifd or solil. 2(i.2l', 210 .Mi;s» Ih' .siiffi.'i..|itly ,l,.s<-ril..'(l to \h- it!ii'cr of '-..rporation a.s ajfi-nt for, SO Afc. p';.nci. of mortjjatji' liy. 220 Takiii),' Miortirax"' I'.v. without authority, raliticalion. 7s. 7ft Kstoppel of principal to question authority of ai;ent. 7H Authority to niorfjraL'e not authority to sell. 7;i Disaftirnianw liy |»rineipal. piiivhaser's ridit to inonev re- leivfd hv, 711 Duty to inquire as to extent of assent's authority. 7;t Sale in name of a:r« nt. principal may enforce. 7!> A.lion l.y as,'ent airainst wrongdoer on iiiortj:ai;e taken in anent 's name. 7!t .May execute iiu)rfKajye in own nam.- or tli.it of |>rincipal. 7> (iivins: mortL'atre in own name, eaimot diseharire himself from liahility. 7S, Fv.'U where niortjraKee has notice of airciicy. 7S Parol authority to execute morlKatfe. 78 .\utliority of to make or accept iii-irtiraBre. 7s .\utliority to sell mil si!l1icient to m, 4.')(», 464 Registration of copy of authority. 41 !» Knowledge of circumstances, 419, 420, 426 Officers of corporations, 425 Statement of tiduciary relation, 4H2 AGREEMENT- For salt' of chattels, 4!17 Parol Hgrceiiicnt to ^'iv<• morlgajri'. enforcement. :{ Hy parol, void ajrain.st persoiw protected tiy Act. Jl ALKERTA Affidavits, by wliom administered, 225 Affidavit of '-orporation. 220 Affidavit of mortgage, 198 Renewal of, 216. 219 Affiti.'sideriiti(>n. Iiniiii fiihs of. 20tl Corporation conveyances. 21S. 221 CiMis of .seizure, 2l:l Cnditors. Ift'.t. 210 DelMiiture and hond mortjtajres. '2]X Description of property. 20" Diseliiirti" of inortCTge, 222 Fiiilry. certificate of. 22:1 Krror-s iiiid (iiiiissions, '-'21 HNiciitioii iit'aiiist f()nilies. 229 * 1 INDEX. ALIJKHTA— H/(;,,„,/. ilulid I ml iiys 1111(1 Siiiulays, 22(! or8ciiu-Mf.s, security lor, 202 Kcfs, of eltrk. 2L'(J Ki'fs tor sfj/iiif, 214 Forms of iiKiriK.i'.:''. L'27 or lllscllill'frr, 1'2S '^I)ituior\. :.'()i i''r.iii.|iilcnt. i'l'< ri'I'ciiccN, Jd] III' IllvilllCl i.iouiiitr cfdiiN iii'iit^iisf.-, for, JiC, 2ii] .■(ilivi iiui. ,s of. L'l I AloriLrau'i-.s of i-lmtti|s, I I'oSM ,>|oii. c-li..|it»c (il |;r^ _'| i4 ■'•i;! .iihv,i> .'III |lll|llM.'l|t. 1(11 l>i'cori|> iiih! iih lii'clilic.ii 1.1(1 ,il' i\ .•yjiiiccs. liM In :.'lsl I'ill ioii l'l ili'i' .i: I'.'i^is!. I , l'l C.IIV.'V ,111.', •An 2(tG iiiif III. i:is or ll'lhlltlll-. lllort!. I>. .-'istriitioii ,)i^!n,.ts. 1 fiL'.'s. : '■"•. "Jim I ixiristciiidii :.'24 llst|-l.'t>. f, l.'irislrjitii.ii ilist, Ilil'^iMtliltlOl I I (I'MKItioi: III' II, ■I. l'l I .ll.stllrt> !i il "ilinrs, 1117. I;i>> -'ll >iliiov;i| ol' ,-|,,||,.|,^ 224 I'liiWiiJs of iiiortjT.ijjis. JK; Aiiiiiiiil. 21!» iiilii-i' lii.i.iw. ]: Sjili' of II III! of stllt.llHIlt, 21; Sji! i<>rlj.'jii:,Ml i-li.itli'Is. ,i,M)ii ,,. full;. 2I; lifs ol ffooil.s. 2fl SiM/urf of iiioit>.'(i;..i-,| ,.|i;,tiiis. 212 >i''i/:iirc. costs ol'. 21:! >lfatciMciit of nil Nim.lil.vs jillil lioiiijj, fu.il. 21 \.-s.s,.|. ;is irooils iiiiil i|i,iit,.|.s, 1 '.".> Maliiton form of ,.| •\l1iiiiivil of /,„„„ //,/, V. til l{i-ii.ua| fiiiii,, 1,12. U4:>, '■'"'■III >''■ I'ill of s.il,. ,||„| ;i,i;,|,, i.iti'l iiiort>r,i;,'i'. i',:',;\ \li I . iii>->. t.ii'i J '^St^M^f7J& 69U »II,I-S (IK SALE AM) CHATTKI. MOKTdAliKS. H- ANIMALS— Jloitirajft' of, covers iiicn':iMf. wlicn, H"), 210 Sail' of incrca.st', •'{'» ANTKM PTIAL HKTTI.KMKNT— Aftitliivit of bona fUlm for, 4(12 AI'I'KOIMUATION OK (lOODS - Kulfs iis to. ill siilis mill iiiortiriis.'fS. 21, 2:1. 'M\, M \.n\\ lis to, :iti, ;17 ASCKIJTAIN.MKNT- Si I Al'I'IC'IMIIATIoN OK (i(Kil». or iii. AlVulavit ol' as.siv'iK'1' on mnwal of clmtti-l iiiortj;u>;i' in Saskatclicwaii. •">•''•"> ASSroXKK FOR ("UKDITOKS— Kijrlit to attack for iioii-nL,'istration. 4.'>() ASSKiN.MKNT KOif CKKDITOl^S Kxccptioii as to ilcscriplioii of (roods coven-. 1 liy, 57.") A SSI ON mi: NTS— llow madi'. 2(1') For crc(litor.s. ctVcct of, liills of Sale Act on. 2(1.') AsHijrnoe's renewals. .')22 HcKistration of Hs.si>fniiient. r>:t.'). ").'{(> .\t1iilavit of assiKii'oeiit, .")4(> Of chattel mort«a!,'c in Saskatchewan, .')>S7 ( >f ill l)t witii covenants, form of. (!7:{ Of ilelit without covenants, form of. 675 Of ilelit with warranty, form of, ()74 Of lMM)k tiehts, forms of. ()7")-()7!t (»f p.rsonai property, special descpiptioiis. forms of, (iS()-(;> ! Of ch.ittel iiiort(fai;c. form of. (i27 Forsii of notice of. (i2!l Of chattel mortpaue. in .Manitolia, (i4:t ATTACIIMFNT— (liiiiils exempt from. iii.i\' lie mortLraireil, 17. 1'^ ATTI->rATI(>N .<■ . AkIII'AMT UK KXKCITIiiN. Al iTION Sjilc !.y. im AiUelilselllrllt of. Hi. 1 14 All imiiiimiiit of. Ill -'f^JSt'. INI.KX. AITIIORITV 'l'( «^'' nt iif lii(>rl;;,ijr, ,, (,, t;,|^, 'I'o liiki' liill of Villi', (l.'i,') o ii'.'.'iit 111 tiii.'w iiiorf(.'iii.'i'. Ii 691 iM.iiJuM;;.', I'oiiii 1)1". (lid, (;:t2 rm oi', (;.;i, (;.;_> UAILIKK . I'd". (• of. fn.Mi «li,ii iiri|iiirii!. (ill i{AiL.\ri;\T - N'atm-i' of. 14 Aiiil s.ili-. ilillVrnii-.', U IMcilifc. ilislinKui^licil fn.in. U Titli' of l.iiil.v. 14, l.-i U'mhl to |i(iss.>sioii 1,1' tliiiu' Ii;m|,.,|. n K'i-hts of liail.ir, 1 1, i:, (• I'.AXK .Moit "riiriii|..'Imn <'l' ilriiir l,:iil,,| unl, |.. ,,|,|.ri v „r h.iil,.,.. H, rtU'll^'f to, of |liTS0ll,l|!\. slll.irrt ti I'owiT to Nirii-tly niiisinir, ^1 .Miiy tiiki. i-h.itt.-l >|>ii iiil |i-:ris!,itioii. si liii>rl!,M:.'t i;s inlilil Ai|\,iiici.s oil iliiii iMil Mofi-, 41:! I!A.\K A( (OlATs >' Kri.Ki -T, Iss-1!):] IfAXK ACT fiiii.' >'" I.VTKKh>r. i:>ii-l't:! HANKHIlTfY — I'lhiil .-•.•iirii\, s], -)4:{ Korl 'fJinillcr to si-i/,- Mill .:.io,| ,-<,iiM,|rr:it ill. 4s. nil ii'.r.iiii>t tiiisti iUIJ. Ill-' K.\CIIA.\«iK Xot snli.jis'i t iiiM.s (IK .-^am: O llloiIi,';ii;i', :,»(• •'pilMtiVr wonls of. 1 I." Di'tiitition of. 1. \i'"(l not I 'I' iiii'lir Mill. 1. Distj Al.. llCtlOll lilt W' .■II .il.soliiti oliiii' 111! I'ai'i' iii.n 1 ml I'liii.lifHii.il ^-,1, Alivohiti- iiiiiy lie .sli.'wii to li,. >f mort'.ML'' 1 L:iik of .|,.f, i-iiii I-: mil, J. J, i; DiNiiiijruisliril ff iisaiii laii.sr, not .j, .\ot oiii iiiorfi.ML'1' l>> iiit.-n- of |.,iii issi iitial tiial riiiiilitioii I >n Ml- iiisi'i-tnl in. 7 692 HIU.s OK SM.K AND rll ATTKI. MllKTilVOKS. HILLS OF HAl.K— I, >,i(iinuil. To gfcuri' (Ifht. JM a iiiort«HKi' if vi'iitlor rt-tHiiiH poHwuiioii, 7 With ('onditioii lor n'th-mptioii w a inorti^agf. 7. S Provision that vt-ndiv may wll on non-paynit-nt of diht. !> Provision for si'curity. ctTfCt of payini-nt of di-li;, 10 Provision for n-ntal of propi-rty on failnn- to ndtiiu. 10 Provision for lit-n on propi-rty xold, 11 Dfliviry of hill of side of gooils as niorttiajfc. 12 ElfMii'nls to hf conHiih-rcd in dftcrniininK whether ahsolut.' Side or niortKau'e. 7. H IJeiisons for holiiinjr hill of sah- to he mortKat'e. >< Where condition may he written. U. 4 I'arol evidence admissihle to shew intention. 4, ."> Continninir contract sccurinv' endorser or surety, is ji niort CTtre. H ContaininL' stipniiition that jroote if s:de e\tinL'nishes deht. l(t Statutory re0 May he written at l'{ cinro ni. loriti, ••ti2 Form of au:liorit\ oi a-ieiit to take. tJti.") Form of. in Manitolw. •>•■!' l-'itrm of. al>*olul • .>iil.-, in Nova Scotia, t>72 Ulijict ■'! I MitMMo sl.iliii , :>J ( '(iiinii. iiri'iie'iit '4 .\i'I, ifJ l;. ).. .lllllL.' ri.lllM's. ."iVJ INt)K.\. FJLAN'KS— KlTict of liliink ill iiitiTcMt cImiwi', "> HLIM) I'KKSOX— Xtn-fwity or rciuliiiK iiiNtriiiiK'nt to if MONA FIDKS - r('i(U<'Stc(l. 74 Si I AkKIDAVIT ciK |$u.\\ K lOK- till i I wii.v ••<|iii|>iiii-iit IioikIn. »riuisf. r of rollin^-MUvk iirify ini or iiftt-r Hiniiind. 'S.i in see- My iiiHol vent IradiT. fiL' or itiirfii.rshi|>, iiMsi|;iiiii<'iit I Kcifistratioii not iiiMM'ssarv. .'>l!» y "Mr piii-tiiiT for own il.'lif, 76 A.-«ijfiiin,.|,t or .xc.pt.-.i rroiii Act. 4(12. 4(;: HKITISII COLIMHIA- AliNolutf liills 01 .It; H'lOII. ■|1 Accoiiiits, vi-rili. il. .sliit.iiifiif Aflficlavif or attcMtd* Aflfidavit of i.'iaiiii Arti.lavit, validity. Ajfr. s (.r. L'.'it ■)-,.> .» 2t;o ■•■iMi'lit.M vvitli pouiT of distn Appari'iit pns.si'Hsioii. L'.t4. 2:ri. •_' !(i. IM* ApplicMtion or Act. 24], lMl' AsMijjMiiicntN, 2.V) As-suranns or personal ch.iit.ls. ■_' !7 Att.st.iiioii. L'44, •.».'.l ^ii''i<>i r's iiifrcnii'iit^. ■2'i~ Hank .>: Unllil till, s or clrllt. L'l'i lt. 24»), 25ti CuinulHtivt' hills of will', -'5."> Ih-foaiiaiK-tft or coiiditioiiH, 255 Dflivcry order* of coiwiifniiK'nts, 2X1 KxiTUtiou Aft. 2ti<> Kxti-nmon of tiiiif for tiliiiir. 25«. 2.V» K.fs for filinK. '-''i:« Fixtun-M. 241, 24:J Konn of tiill of sal.-. 2«4 Form of flerk'H cert ideate, 2t)5 Form of eorporatidn iiHMtKap', '-'(if) Form of rogwter, 2(i4 Form of Natiafaitioi), 2<)."> Fraudulent preli l« lieeN. 245 Future nequired properly, 2:i!( (J rowing crops, 24:J Hire Mild pureluiHi' nifreemeiits. :::{'' Ilypotlieeation notes, 2't(> Index liook. 263 liupiJieliMient of xale, 2t2 I.edffer HKreenient for lien, 2:W I,ieens«'s to take possession, 2:12 hunilK-r and lot's, 2.W Maehinery. 240. 241 Miiiinn leases exeepted, 242 Mort;:H tree's l,.i.'al Costs Act, 267 Names, erroneous statement of, 2"»2 Oreupation and pos- >sioii, 2t.'>. 246 Ordinary eourse (if Imsiness. transfers in the, 2'i7 I'arlMi rsliips. 251 Personal eliattels. what ineluled. 2il IMaee of registration, 217 I'lediri', diK'uments of, 2:t2 Tossession. nature of. 2:i4. 2:t."), 2.f6, -'>•> Power of reetitieathill. 25S Powers of distnvis 'Jirj. LM.'t n f : :,! iNr>i:.\. BUITISII COLIM MI A— ,-.«/,»,/.//. I'tt-fen-ncfH, iiiijuNt, 24« IVioritiiw. 2.>5 TriMif i>r l.ill of italc, 2.'»2 UiiilHH.v KiiiMlriii-tiiiii «<>iks, SM Kiiilwd.v lii-ns, 2:W Iftfiinln iiN to MiiiiLH, 2.'>:{ KeoonlM and rcj{lst«r, ;.'ti2. 2(i:t l{i-cliHi-utioii of rctristir, J.'t** lii'uiHtrfltiuii. 244 Kc^riMtintion. tiiiic timl pliu f, 247 K.'-'isfriitioii (liMlritfK, 2.VI, 2.'>!t liiKiNfrafioii iiikI tiUuu. 24!» Sale of riiortKak''il cliaffilM. 2 12 SatiNfacfioii. 2,V.» Saving' flaUHo, 2ti'l Solicitor 'm cliarifc^, 2iiS Siil.stitul.M| lii|!> of M.il.'. 2'.4 Tinder of |iavnii'tji, 2-'l2 Tiiiif of nKiMl ration. 247 Tradf nuiohincry. 2'I4. 2 Id. 2M Verbal Htih'H. 2'C) \'i'«srl assiiiinurnt.M. 2-17 \Vhar(in>f>r»i' wan nt.s. 2.12 uiiLi)r\(i - .May he MMirt^'aired as |>( isonal' \ uli,ii .i.rliil with ,|. slandihK that it iiiav he n'UKiveil. .il. :t2 i!iii,i)i\(i M.\Ti:i{i.\i,.-; When part of land. :12 in LK S.NLKS- Validity. 2(''i. 2fl!' lUSINKSS Sales hy iiiort^'aiTors in iisnal eoiir-e. Il.'i CKKTIKIKI) COl'Y • Si( K\u>K\rr.. Of diieiimeiit tiji'd nnder Sjsk ili-lnwin ( li;itt.| '*Im-'' Aet. :.!)1 KO.'i i •Moocorr RtsoturioN tbt chart (ANSI ond ISO TEST CHART No 21 ^^ 165 J tost Uain 3(re«t RochMt*r, Htm Tork 1*609 USA ( '16) *82 - 0300 - Phone (716) 288 - S989 - Fa» 696 BILUS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MuKTOAGES. CHANGE OF POSSESSION— Actuiil and fontinufd, -iS't, .WB Xi'ccssity of to sale, til, 204 Collusion, oftVft, 09 Ahscuce of indication of fraud. 67 Presumption, rcbuttablo, 67 Cliattel Mortgajre Act intended to ol)viate necessity for, 67 If none, nor inortgajje rejristered, is void, 68 Advertisinj; important in determining sufficiency of, 83. Mere demand will not constitute. 85 Diligence in attemptinjr to get pos.se.ssion will not avail, 8.J And see P()sse.>;mi).v. CHATTEL MORTGAGE— .S'((- M()RTOA(iE.s. Definition of. 1, .{ Xeed not be under seal. 75 Share in chattels, mort^'age of, 77 Jlfl'eet of partial invalidity. 201 General form with special clauses, 5i)4 To .secure indorser. form of, 611 To secure advances, form of, 620, 624 Alberta statutory form, 68!) Form of renewal .statement (Alta.) 640 Nova Scotia form. 651 Interest on chattel mortgage, sk 1xti:kkst, 18S-l!t:! And s( I Jl((iiT<;A(iKE; JI(ikT(;Ai!()K. Compliance with Act. necessity of. 67. 12!» Permittini,' mortgagor to retain pos.session, 67 CHATTELS— Definition of. 17. IS Chattels personal, what are, 17 Chattels real, definition, 17 Estates in, 145 Chattel mortgau'e. definition, ;i Term more comprehensive than "goods," 20, 70 Exempt from execition and att.-icliment mav be mort'M'fed 17, 18 Equity (if i-ed-mption, may be mnrtirairi.l, 18 Even after .lef.iult, 18 Or witliout having i)ossession, 17 i INDEX. 697 VHATTELH— I oiitiniial. To bo siibscqiicntly aequircd may be luort'tagi'd, 20-22 But must be sj)eeifically descrilH'd, 22 Vendor and vendee in conditional sa)e liave mortga^'eable interest, 19 Limited interest in may be mortgafri'd, 19 Jlortfragor in possession of stock-in-trade may sell "in ordin- ary course of trade," 28. 24, 9."). 96 May be iiiort^'a>red while under levy, 70 (Jrowing crops were at common law, 25 CHATTELS REAL— Definition of, 17 Xot subjeet of eliattel mortgau'c, 17 CIIOSKS I.\ ACTION'— St I iiooK Dkhts. COLLATERAL NOTES— S(, Intkrest. 189 COLLATERAL SECIRITY— What is, 12 COAIPANY— S(i C;ilil'()KATI().\S. CO.MI'ITATION OF TIME— St I Tl.MK. Concealment and falsifying. Criminal Code, ISC, 187 CONDITION— S(i I)i:i-i:asanck. CONDITIONAL SALE — Wliat is. 10 DislinLiiiished from absolute sale, 10 Where li-ht of proi>erty does not pass to vende... 10 Instanees of, 11 Where vendor may sell on defaidt, 10 Surplus belong to vendee, 10 \ eiidor and vendee may mGrtuMure interest, 19 Consolidation of Ontario law. .")42 II i !■■ I? It 698 HIIJ*S OK SAI-K AND CIIATTKl. MDKTOAUEs. CONFLICT OF LAWS - L<.c (himicUii, l()(i, 107 L(.r fori, 1(17 Lis loci, lOG L,.r sitae, ](>'), 106 CONFCSIOX OF GOODS— Sic ]NTI';RMIX(iLIN(l. CONSFNT- Ot" inortgiiirt'c to smIi- of floods, !):{ Effect of, by mortfjagt'c, 'Xi-'M Vorbiil, binds inortirau' • nlilioufrli iiiortgimi' rcfiiiircs writ- ten, !).') hnplit'd liy aequicst'ciKM' in sale. !t4 Of niort}.'aff('(' to sale l>y tradi r in ordin.iry coui-sc of trade not necessary, 9."), 'JO COXSIDFRATIOX— p]ssential of a niortjrage, 40 JFust he lawful, 40 [nadcqiiaey of indication of niortirage. C Jfay Ite either fjood or vahiahle, 40, 41 Vaiuahle, what is. 40, 41 (iood, what is, 40, 41 Statement of, necessity. 4."), 206 OiTiission of, effect, 4.")-4t! Krroneous statement of, 4.") Frandident statement of. 4-") Fxact nature of delit, nor amount need not he stated. -|ti I'ntrue statement element in ilecidinir whether fraudulent. 4() Marriau'e a valiiat'le consider. ition, 40. 4:f-4') Voluntary of itsilf does not render dee\ *' in-r. .>:> partv. .'>J Forbf.iia nee iid! L'ood eonsideration !i:.-.iilist ti n luptcy. 48 Kffeet of j).irti:;l invalidity. 2i^1 i ns.ce i)i ii.iiiic If I I f s 700 niLUS OF S.\I,E AND CHATTEL MORTOAOES, U; CONSIDERATION— fOMf doubtful intent construed as morlirage. HH COI.'POUATIONS— Inherent '-ii-'lit to sill Mud mortgage property, S(l. 219 Execution of mnrt'jfnge by. MO Who should take mortgiige to. SO Aflfi.lavit on renewal. 218. ;VS."). .")86 Affi.lavit of ho,i,i fi,hs for. 220. 221. 2r,4. 302. 303. 309. i^'X 494. 7>r>' oftieiT of. for own lu'iicfit in name of (•oiu- pan.v, 80 DflH'nturi' and bond niort<;ai;cs. 1'18. 52V) Officers to make affidavits. 220, 221. 2, 87. 100 Or for insecurity, 86, 87, 100 Or if mortirngor attemjjts to dispase of mortgaged ciiattels, Airaiist depreciation of stock, 100 Mortgajree's consent to saK' does not destroy covenant, !I4. !».") Xot to sell or dispose of goods, elfect of. 10(1 To take posscs-sion on mortgagor hecoming embarrasseii. 100 CREDITORS— Rigiits and remedies of, 129-13(5 Mortgage required by statute to be in writinir for j)rotee- tion of, ;J Forbearance to issue exiK-utions not good con.sidei-ation against, 48 Or to .seize goods, not good airainst trustee in baiikruptcv, 48 Grantor retaining possession as evidence of fraii Creditor attackiii(< conveyance must have judgment and issue execution, I'W Sett ill},' aside conveyance void as to, 130 Where some of debtor's money went into property pur- chased by wife, 13(t Liquidator in winding-up proceeding, rijilit to question mortgage, 131 Kiirlit as against ecjuity of redemption, 133 Seizin!.' mortgafied property removed to onotlier province, 111.-. Jlortgage by debtor unable to pay creditors in full, valid- ity, 'A Where mortiragee unaware of insolvency, 54 Deed without consideration primi'i facie void under statute of Elizal)eth, 43 Conveyance by parent to child in consideration of service when jrood against creditors, 60 What sullieient consideration to support conveyance by insolvent, (il, 62 A'oluntary conveyances, validity, 62 Attacking' conveyances after expiry of renewal, 514 "Creditor" instead of "creditors," 4:)5, 466 Statute of Elizabeth, 4.">4 Subsequent creditors, 454 Status of sheriflf, 455 CRIMES— Criminal transfer with intent to KX. 703 Ch'OI'S -ronliinixl. IntcpHt ill. limy he iiinrti;,ii:cil. 10. 211 l-'iitiiic. iri.iy 1)1' iiioiti?.i(,'c(|. 'JO. L'l. .{!• Not (roods wifhiii ITtli Mciion of Stafiiti' of I'nunls. 'J.'), •_»») Fniiliis iiiiliislritili n witliiii Act, 24-20 /■'ntcliis niiliirnhs not within Aft iiiilil scvfr.iii.'f. iir,. in- tiTi'st ill IjiikI, 2') At coimnoii Ijiw ffjjiinlcd jis chiittcls. 2") Wlijil is ii siifflcii'iit (Ifscriptioii of fiit.irf crops, 2:t. 24 Liiiid iiiorti:!i!.'i't' rcTcivin!; n-l.'H.s.' of equity postpoiii'd to cliattfl iiiortjrnuri' of crops. 24 Fruit or tiinlicr sold with view to iiiiincdiatc scvfian, !• as sale of (foods. 2."> VVniJcf of fri'itiis natural,. •<, if not owner of land, may iiiortj;iii,'e, 2.") Jfort^'a^e of. in Jfaiiitoha. 24 Hay. when chattel. 2") AllowiiiL' to remain in vendor's poa-session. after severance 2ti JIer;.'er of equity of redeini)tion, in inortRaf-ee, 24 Conveyance of. whetiier within resristry Act. 24 III Alheita void cxci pt for seed irraiii. 211 CROWX— Afay take inortir.iire. 81 Tn whose name, 81 DAMAGES— For iiiortgaKw taking i)osses.sion and selling before his right Jiccnies. 6."). (i6. !»() For fraudulent concealment of en-'unibranc.- or falsifying l)odigrec, fi6 For mortgagee entitled to jiossessif ' selling before default, Of mortgagee for not following terms of mortgage in mak- ing sale. 112 Measure of for loss of encumbered chattels before sale by negligence of inortgagee, 112 For sale m hloc. 117 Me.usure, to creditor of mortgagor, for mortuMgee taking possession unlawfully, 00 704 BII.I„>i OK SM.K ANO ClIATTKI, MOHTtlAOEg. 'a DATK— or iiiKtru'rifiit. 162, K!:? Miit('riiilit> of. 46:{ Wlicn uitiicsNcs imist swi'iir to, ItiH True diiti' may Ik- hIu'Wii, IfiU I'lirol cvidcncf to mIk'w iiiiHtiikf in, Iti.'l, 1()4 Not iitrcsMary in avrrci'inrnt to Hfll, 16:{ Or to niaki' iiiortfcafrc, 63 Clcrii'ttl t-rror in, Iti") KrroiU'ou.s datf, t'H'cet, l(i4 OniiHxion of date, from affidavit reqiiinMl by Hilin of Sale Act, 164 Cnnnot he suppiit'd l>y parol. 164 DKHKNTIHK AND MONI) MOHTCJAOES - iii'(|iiiri-Micnts for rc|?i.Htration. '2-0, 221, 266, :t(i!i. :{:i.'). .">26 Affidavit of ofliccrs or at'i'iits of corporation, .')2(i Morttfaffcs to trustee for bondholders, .")27 Kioiitinjf cliartres, .'>2S DEMT - Kssencc of niortufiiKe. 40 Past, as consideration. r>H I're-cxistinir. as consideration. .">•'{ Of a firm iiuiy be secured by iiiortL'ai-'e of one partner, "."> Not yet due, >;o()d consideration for niortijaye l>y third pei'- son. .H DEED— Seal not necessary to bill of sale, 1 Mortjiatje by simple contract valid withont change of pos- session, ''i Concealment of, 66 Criminal j)r(>«eeution for. coneealment of, ti6 Deposit of title deeds as mort.iraj.'c, 144 DEFAI'LT— Ell'ecf of. on non-perfoririaiice of condition. 2 After default in payment of prior mortv'ajje, owner may niorttrape, IS Uiirhf of iTiortRa^ee to possession thouirh no defaidt. SS.fli) Mortirafror"s riixlit to possession until, H'.K iH If III' iliraffc sells before, irives iiiorlirafTor rinht of action, niHUufactured, 158 Fixtures. 159 Logs, 159 General description liniitinjr by specific. 150, 157 Restrictive, what passes by. 34. 35 DISCHARGE OF MORTGAGE— By payment. 137 In general. 222 Rejristration of dischar)?e, 531, .534, 535 Payment of debt. 532 Certificate of disc-harge. 534 Entry of discharge, 535 Form of discharge. 544 Saskatchewan form of discharge. 587 Recording the discharpe. 588 Certificate of discharge, 588 Saskatchewan form of certificate, .588 Of chattel mortgajre, form of (Ont.), 637, 638 Affidavit of execution, form of (Ont.), 638 Of chattel mortgajte, form of (Alta.), 643 INDEX. 707 DI8TRE8H- Right of inortwK*'!' to taki* powuMion in p«m«' of 127 liy landlord for rent, 122-12« Ille^l distrMM, 127 Hy land mortiTHKiH-, 127 DISTRKHH WARRANT— Under ehattel niortsrage, form of, Ji.Ui, 637 DIVISION (Ol'RT— Kxecution bindH goods only from time of •eiaure 69 DOWER— S^-curity for, 451 EQIJITABLE MORTOAOE- Parol evidence to establiah by deposit of title deeds 5 EQl^ITY— Enforcement of contract to sell or mort«a»?.. after acquired property, 20, 21 EQUITY OP REDEMFTION- Nature of, 138 May lie mortgaKed even after default, 18 Merger in mortgagee, 24 Sale extingui8he% 14(» In order to extinguish sale must be according to terms of mortgage, 138 Purchase on sale by mortgagee does net extinguish, 138 Agreement of mortgagor to bar. validity, 138, 139, 143 Time ivithin which right must 1h« exercised, 140. 142 ESTATE FOR YEARS— Is a chattel real, 17 Not within the Act, 17 ESTOPPEL Mortgagee acquiescing in sale of property estopped from requiring written consent, 94 Of mortgagor to claim that encumbered propertv not goods and chattels, 199 Of partners who permit one partner to mortgage firm assets for individual debt, 76 Of principal to question agent's authority, 79 708 BMXS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. lit EfiTOVPEL—continufd. Of mortgagee in possession to claim that transaction wits a pledge, 15 Of pledgor to disclaim ownership, 15 Of trespasser to deny that chattel affixed to realty is not a fixture, 30 Of mortgagee to question sale made without his consent in which he ac(|uieseed to innocent purchaser, 94 Of mortgagee who induced one to buy, 94 From general course of dealing, 94 The mortgagee standing by and permitting sale, 94 Where a mortgagee receivi's proceeds of sale, 94 Of mortgagee by conduct toward purchaser of mortgage chattels, 95 By inditVerence to sale, 95 Of mortgagee by silence, 95 Of mortgagee by consenting to execution sale where he was also an execution ori'ditor, 95 Of mortgagor to question friiudulcnt sale by taking benefit thereof, 113 Of mortgagor to set up excessive interest, see Interest, 188- 193 EVIDENCE— Parol to sh<'W instrument absolute in form to be conditional, 4, 5, 139 Parol evidence when will be received, 4 Parol evidence to shew intention, 5 Parol evrdencc to shew consideration, 5, 59 Parol to shew different consideration from that stated, 59 Parol to shew mortgage by delivery of title deeds, 5 (trantor remaining in possession as evidence of fraud, 67 Questions tending to criminate, privilege, 66 Admissibility of a parol agreement to increase mortgage in- terest, 189 Admissibility of a prior interest — agreement to vary promissory note not bearing interest on face, 189 Certified copies of instruments filed under Sa.skatchewau Chattel Mortgage Act, 591 Clerk's certificate of true copy of filed instrument, form, 636 I! INDEX. 709 EXECl'TION— Sale of raortgaffor's interest, 132 Of mortgagee's interest, 133 Purchaser's rights, 132 What bound by, 70 When actual seizure necessary, 70 Interest of one co-partner subject to, 70 Right acquired on sales, under, as against mortgage overdue at delivery o" writ to officer, 70 In superior or County Court binds from date paid in sheriff's hands, 69 But in Division Court only from actual seizure by bailiff, 69 Sale by sheriff under, not a waiver by mortgagee of his rights, 95 Levy of on goods left in mortgagor at default under lease without change of possession, 99 Levy on growing crops, 24 Levy on property to vendee after delivery, for debt of vendor, 38 Of property leased to mortgagor by purchaser at sale 100 EXECUTIOX OF INSTRUMENT— In blank, subsequent filling up, validity, 9 Blind or illiterate person requiring instrument to l)e read over before signing, 74 Insane person not bound by. if vend.-e knew of insiinitv, 74 Otherwi.se if money iulvaneed witliout knowledge of in- sanity, 74 EXEC I TOR— Sff ReNKWAI, (tP MoRTC.AOE. EXKMPTIONS— Of proc.-eds of sale of e.xempt property, when. 13(5 Who may claim, 13tJ Property exempt from attachment or mortgaged, 17. 18 Transfer of, not sul).jeet to attack bv creditors 467 PEES— Fees of officers, 540 f'osts of seizure under mortgage, 544, 545 Of clerk under Saskatchewan Act. 592 FIXTl'RES— What are, in general. 26, 27, 32, 3.{ execution mav be I. 710 BILLS or SALE AND CHATTEL IfORTOAOES. ifi FIXTVRES— continued. Laws of, 26-33 Mortgage of, acquisition of title b}', 28 Rules for ascertaining whether article is a fixture, 27, 28 Intention of parties in dealing with, decides character, 27 28, 33 Purpose of annexation, 28 Wrong-doer affixing, 29 Chattels owned by trespassers affixed by him, 30 Contract for sale of, when for sale of chattels, 30 Owner of land may sever, and mortgage, 30 Land mortgagee, when entitled to priority, 30 Machinery as, 26, 27 Question of physical attachment, 32 Trade fixtures, 28, 29 Rights of chattel mortgagee of, against subsequent pur- chaser, or mortgagee of land, without notice, 30 Effect of taking mortgage on land on a mortgage of fixtures taken at same time, 30 Intention to sever, effect on purchaser of land, with notice, 30 Chattel mortgage on, as change of character against owner, 30 Subsequent annexation of goods purchased on conditional sale, 31 Ruilding on land of another, 31, 32 Machinery, subsequent annexation, 32 Relting as, 32 Ruilding material, 32 Pledge of fixture, 32 Agreement that fixture shall remain personalty, 27 Extent of annexation, 28 Effect of vendor retaining property in, 33 FLOATING CHARGES— Effect of Rills of Sale Act, 469 FORECLOSURE— Owner may mortgage until even after default, 18 Junior mortgagee has right to redeem until, 18 Remedy by, 108 Of mortgage, 137, 143. 144 Al>solute title acquired by, 143 INDEX. 711 FORECLOSURE— coMtiM Hcd. Foreclosure in Court, 143 Regular foreclosure as bar to all interest in property cre- ated subsequent to mortgage, 143 Foreign law, 10"), 106 FORMS— Chattel mortgage, general forms, 594 Chattel mortgage, special clauses, 595-605 Affidavit of execution of chattel mortgage (Ont.), 605 Affidavit of bona fides by sole mortgage (Ont.), 606 Affidavit of bona fides by one of several mortgages (Ont.), 607 Affidavit of bona fides by mortgagee's agent (Ont.). 607 Affidavit of bona fides by officer of company (Ont.), 608 Declaration of ownership by tnortgagor, 609 Chattel mortgage to secure endorser (Ont.), 611 Affidavit of bona fides, on mortgage to secure endorser (Ont), 617 Affidavit of bona fides by one of several mortgagees on mort- gage to secure endorser (Ont.), 617 Affidavit of bona fides by agent of mortgagee on mortgage to secure endorser (Ont), 618 Affidavit of bona fides, mortgage by company to secure bonds (Ont), 619 Chattel mortgage to secure future advances in goods, 620 Chattel mortgage to secure future advances of money, 622 Affidavit of bona fides by t,ole mortgagee on mortgage to secure future advances, 624 Affidavit of bona fides by one of several mortgagees on mortgage to secure future advances, 624 Affidavit of bona fides by agent of mortgagee on mortgage to secure future advances, 625 Affidavit of bona fides by officer or officer of company on mortgage to secure future advances, 626 Assignment of chattel mortgage, 627 Affidavit of execution of assignment of ehattel mortgage (Ont), 629 Notice of assignment of chattel mortgage. 629 Authority to agent to take a certain mortgage, 630 Authority to agent to renew a certain mortgage, 631 712 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL MOKTOAOES. ii FORMS— continued. Authority to agent to take and renew mortgages generally, 632 Authority by ( nr.r,ny to agent to take and renew a certain mortgage, i <2 Statement of renewal of chattel mortgage (Ont.), 633 Affidavit on renewal of chattel mortgage by mortgagee or assignee of mortgage (Ont.), 634 Affidavit on renewal of chattel mortgage by agent of mort- gagee (Ont.), 635 Clerk's certificate of copy of chattel mortgage to re-file on removal (Ont.), 506, 635 Clerk's certificate of filing (Ont.), 636 Clerk's certificate of filing (B.C.), 265 Distress warrant to seize under chattel mortgage, 636 Distress warrant to seize and sell under chattel mortgage, 637 Discharge of chattel mortgage by original mortjiragee (Ont.), 544, 637 Affidavit of exeoution of discharge of chattel mortgage (Ont.), 638 Discharge of chattel mortgage by assignee (Ont.), 638 Chattel mortgage. Alberta statutory form, 227, 639 Affidavit of bona fides of chattel mortgage (Alta.), 640 Chattel mortgage to secure endorser (Alta.), 641 Affidavit of bona fides on mortgage to secure endorser (Alta.), 641 Chattel mortgage to secure future advances (Alta.), 641 Affidavit of bona fides on mortgage to .secure future ad- vances (Alta.), 642 Statement on renewal of chattel mortgage (Alta.), 217, ()42 Affidavit on renewal (Alta.), 218, 643 Discharge of chattel mortgage (Alta.), 228, 642 Affidavit of execution of discharge (Alta.), 644 Clerk's eertificate of discharge (Alta.), 223 Chattel mortgage in Manitoba, 644 Affidavit of execution of chattel mortgage (Man.), 644 Affidavit of execution (B.C.), 264 Affidavit of bona fides by mortgagee (Man.), 645 .iVffidavil of bona fides by agent of mortgagee (Man.), 645 Affidavit of bona fides by chattel mortgagee by company officer (Man.), 646 INDEX. 713 FORMS— co»(^«i,p,/. Seed grain mortgage (Man.), 646 Affidavit of bona fides of seed ^rain mortgage (Man.), 647 Chattel mortgage to secure future advances (Man.), 647 Affidavit of bona fides on future advance mortgage (Man ) &47, 648 B V . , Chattel mortgage to secure endorser (Man.), 648 Affidavit of bona fides on mortgage to secure endorser (Man.). 648, 649 Affidavit of bona fides on bond mortgage (Man.), 649 Assignment of chattel mortgage (Man.), 649, 650 Statement on renewal of chattel mortgage (Man.), 650 Affidavit on renewal (Man.), 650 Discharge of chattel mortgage (Man.), 295 Affidavit of execution of discharge (Man.), 651 Certificate of discharge (Man.), 297 Chattel mortgage, Xova Scotia form, 651 Affidavit of bona fides on mortgage to secure advances or endorsement in X.S., 654 Statement on renewal (X.S.), 655, 656 Bill of sale, common form. 656 Affidavit of execution of hill of sale, 659 Affidavit of bona fide/t on bill of .sale (Ont.), 659-661 Bill of .sale of going concern, 662 Authority to a-rent to take bill of .sale, 665. 667 By-law of company authorizinsr agent to tr.ke Itill of sale 666 Authority by eonipiiny to nirent to take Iiill of .sale. 667 Bill of sale (Alta.^. (;6S Affidavit of execution of bill of .sale (.\lta.) 668 Affidavit of hoiKt fidis on bill of sale (Alta.) 669 Bill of sale (Man.). 669 Affidavit of execution of bill of sale (Man.), 670 Affidavit of bona fidis on bill of sale ^Man.), 670, 671 Bill of sale. Xova Scotia form, on absolute sale. 672 Affidavit of bono fidrs, Xova Scotia form, G'.i Assi-rniuent of debt, 673-679 Assigiiiiients of personal property, special description. 680- 683 Statutory declaration, form of. 257 Affidavit of execution by company in (B.C.). 266 714 BILLS OP 8.\LE AND CHATTEL MURTOAGES. ^^^^■^^1 m H wm .i wt^iMMmMwiw M dliWH^H B ,1 ^^^^HH 1 FOTm&— continued. Certificate of satisfaction of bill of sale (B.C.), 265 Discharge of mortgage (N.H.), 345 Renewal statement and aflSdavit (X.B.), 346, 347 Affidavit of execution (N.B.), 348, 350 Affidavit of bona fidrs (N.B.), 349, 351-353 Affidavit of execution ( P.E.I.) , 553 Certificate of acknowledgment ( P.E.I. ), 553 Acknowledgment of satisfaction of mortgage ( P.E.I. ), 555 Affidavit of botui fides (P.E.I. ), 557 Statutory chattel mortgage (Sask.), 567 Rene^-al statement and affidavit (Sask.), 583, 584 Discharge of chattel mortgage (Sask.), 587 Certificate of discharge (Sask.), 588 FRAUD— Will not be presumed, 6 Question of, one for jury, 67 As ground for admitting parol evidence, 5, 6 Statute of Elizabeth, 55 Conveyances intended to defraud utterly void, 55 Statute required conveyance to be bom fide for good con- sideration, 55, 56, 58 Requirements the same under Chattel Mortgage Act, 56, 58 Twyne's caae, 56, 57 Pe.son perpetrating fraud can not claim benefit through his act, 55 Concurrence of intent to defraud by debtor and creditor, 58 Presumption of, rebuttable, 60 Concealment of deeds or incumbrances, liability for, 66 Criminal punishment for, 66 Falsifying pedigree, liability for, 66 Criminal punishment for, 66 Sale of incumbered property by mortgagor, as, 66 Absence of change of pos-session indicates, 67 Presumption of, may be rebutted, 67 Mortgage on consumable property presumed fraudulent, 68 Power to sell mortgaged chattels creates no presumption of fraud, 200 Sales in usual course of trade, as, 200 INDEX. 715 TRAVJi—coHtinurd. Sale of mortgaged prop/rty subject to mortKajfe not fraud- ulent unless forbidden by instrument, 65 Transfer of bank account to defeat execution, 66 Retention of possession by seller as evidence of fraud, 67 Inference rebuttable, 67 ITnder-valuation on sale by mortgagee, 112, 113 Setting aside sale for, 112, 113 Frauds in the statement of consideration, 45 Necessity of shewing fraud when statute of Elizabeth not applicable, 58 Protection of mortgagee or purchaser for value without notice by, 59 Insolvency merely will not vitiate conveyance, 59 Presumption from, 59 Extent of property conveyed not material under statute of Elizabeth, 59 What void under statute, examples, 60 Presumption of fraud, examples. 60 Fraudulent concealment, criminal, 185 See Fraidiient Conveyances; FFiAuouLENT Removal. Statute of as between parties mortgaged may be verbal unless writing required by, 3 Growing crops, fruit and t.ees, within, 25 Except when sold with view to immediate severance, 25 And see Preference; Pressure. FRAUDULENT CONVEYANCES— Effect of Statute of Elizabeth, 129 Valid as l)etween parties, 129 Subsequent voluntary conveyance not preferred to, 129 Where conveyance obtained by fraud, subsequent voluntary conveyance, good, 129 Deed without consideration prima facie as to creditors under Statute of Elizabeth, 43 Disposition of total assets, 429 Fraudulent preferences, 430 Knowledge of insolvency. 430 Fraudulent gift or preference, 501 Conveyances gootl inter parties, 501 FRAUDULENT PREFERENCE— See Preference. 716 miAJ^ OK SALE AND CHATTEL MORTUAQES. FRAUDULENT RP:M0VAL— See Removal. Landlord's rights ou, 123 FRUCTUS INDUSTRIALES— Definition of, 24, 25 Within the Act, 24, 25 FRUCTUS NATURALES— Definition of, 24, 25 Not within the Act before severance, 25 Are an interest in land unless with a view to severance, 25 FURNITURE— Mortgage of, description, 146-149 FUTURE ADVANCES— A good consideration, 53, 203 Made to a firm's successors after dissolution of new mem- ber, covered, 53 Mortgages to secure, 439 Advances to carry on business, 440, 442 Advances in goods, wares and merchandise, 441 Time for repayment, 442 Advances by bank on demand note, 443 Written agreement necessary, 443 Affidavit of bona fides, 443, 450 Statement of agreement, 448 Statement of extent of liability, 448 Authority of agents, 450 Necessity of renewals, 512 FUTURE ACyriKED PROPERTY— See AKTER-AC(iriRED PkoI'ERTY. FUTURE CROPS— See Growing Crops. GOODS- Stc Goods and Chattels. Less comprehensive than "chattels," 20, 70 Definition of, 20 G00L3 AND CHATTELS— What are, 70 Definition of a mortgage of, 17, 18 Ferry l)oat and attachments are not, 199 I I ■ f 1 I ■ i INDEX. 717 GOOD FA ITU- Essential to licalings hctwcen parties to mortjntge, 65 Srr Affidavit of Bona Fides. GOOD WILL— When passes on sale of business, IfiO, 161 On sale under mortjrage, 160, 161 In trade mark, IW) GRACE, DAYS OF— Mortgage cannot be enforced until expiration last day of, when collateral to note, 86 GRAIN, SEED— ■SVr Sked Grain. GROWING CROPS— Statutory restriction as to mortgage or bills of sale upon 576 Transfer of lease covering uncut crops, 577 Crops to be sown during currency of mortgage, 487 HOLIDAY— Computation of time where last day for filing would fall on holiday, 591 Hl'SBAND AND WIFE— Ante-nuptial settlement, 44 Sale or mortgage between, 82 IGNORANCE— Ground for admitting parol evidence, 5 ILLITERATE PERSON— Execution by, of instrument insufficient if not read over on request, 74 INDORSEMENT— Mortgage to secure against, 8. 41, 439, 444 True expression of consideration, 444 Past indorsements, 445 Security to person not mortgagor, 445 Limit of time, 445 Renewal of indorsement mortgage, 447 Statement of agreement, 448 Statement of extent of liability, 448 Authority of agents, 450 718 BItXB or HAIJC AND CHATTEL MORTOAOIS. IXDORSEMEXT SEOrRITIES— NecoMity of renewals, 512 INFANTS— ronveyance by. frenerally voidable, 70, 71 Tntil of aire to decide (|ue«tion of benefit or injury, 71 On attaining majority may affirm or disaffirm contract, 71 ^^^I^^HH^^^^^H ^^^^^^^^^H If contract agreed to by, on attaining majority, heirs can- not avoid, 71 Purchase by, which are for his benefit, 72 Cannot avoid and affirm contract, 72 Liable on mortiratre for purchase money, 71 Liable on contract for necessaries, 72 Mortgage of infant's share in partnemhip, 72 What are acts of diaafflrmance. 73, 82, :[ ^^^^^K^^^BI^^^^^^B Disaffinnance must be within reasonable time of coming of :^^^^^^^^|^H age, 7.3 What is reasonable time, 73 Death of infant before avoidance of contract, right of heirs to avoid, 71 Pamage of title on purchaae, 71 Purchase presumed beneficial, 71 Lien of seller on goods sold infant, 71 Cannot avoid contract and retain benefit, 82 IX.Il'NCTFOX— Mortgagor may enjoin mortgagee from taking possession iH-fori' time limited. 65, 91 INSANE PERSON— Not bound by execution of instrument where vendee knew il^^^^Hl^^H iiIhh of insanity, 74 Insanity not ground for setting aside instrument if money advanced in poo8 prr sr, will not invalidate mort- gage, 59 ia|^B|^^H ^^^1 Conveyance during, preaumption of fraud, 59 i8MiiiWwBi|l|BlHi ill?HWH INSFRANCE- Mortgagor and mortgagee have insurable interest in en- cumbered chattels, 167, 168 j^ ' IHHIiH 11 INDEX. TIP ISSVRASCK—roHtinufd. MoTttiHgvf'H inttTfut not incn-aai'il hy umnrurfd advance*. 167 Tiual nownantg for, 1«8 AaaiKnrncnt of policy lo rnortgaRcc, 168 Covenant for, as fC|uitabU> assignment, 168 Subrogation, when applicable, 171, 172 Hreach of covenant for, 170 Mortgage clauae, advisability of, 169 MortKBKor aM sole owner, 167 MortKBiree in possession on loss must account to mortgagor for surplus above debt, 168 Insurance for joint b«'neflt, 168 Mortgage of policy of, 169 AsMijmment of j-quity of redemption as assignment of policy, 169 KiKht of mortKa»for in insurance after surrender yj{ equity 169 Mortgagee effecting insuranr mortgagor's default, 170 I'ayment of loss to mortgajfe. ^ht of mortgagor to sur- plus, 170 Insurable interi>st of mortgajree ceases on payment of debt 170 I ,7 . Mortgagee cannot recover insurance after assignment of mortgage, 171 P^Ixecution of mortgage not breach of condition againat assignment, 171 Subrogation, right of insurer to, 171, 172 Loss payable to mortgagee clause does not make him assured 173 Mortgage tiause, nature of and rights under, 169, 173 Cancellation of insurance at request of mortgagee, 174 Liability of mortgagee to mortgagor for failure to insure. 174 INTENTION— Parol evidence to shew, 4, .'5 As to whether mortgage or sale, how gathered. 4-6 Question of fact for jury, 6, 7 Of parties deciding what is fixture, 27, 28. :]:] 720 BII.U* Of KAI.K .\N1> fllATTKI. MOHTIlAllEH. INTER KST— At't n-HixH'firnf. 17!( Under Money U'mUrt Act, 175-182 Ki'i'ovfry back in certain chhcii, 178, 179 Acceleration claune, stipulated interest, 190 Acqiiicvcncc in cxcctwivc rate, estoppel, 191 Ascertained debt, hasi« for stipulated interont, 180 Hank (iccountH, rate anquiesced in, effect, 191 Settlement by chattel mortgagee of exc<>aNive rate, 190 Kank Act, violation, txccaaivc intcri-.',l. SlHtnforv ri'strii'ti '•n. whiTi cfTi'i'tivc. \HH Mtipiiliifiori for Imliir luc, (•(! Siiri-luir>r.' unci t';ilMifyinif. iiritli Yfiirl V.mH y .(iiiivHlfiif nil. I inoiifhlv nifi', li 'ft UN to |»riiici|iiil, ino iiii'ticiil (TnirM. 1!»I nitf iiniNt jippnir in cnntracl for o\v ••oiiipiitnl. l!t:l or iiioiifh, !!»■_» r.iti' p.r iliiy, wrek Kiilf of intercut HInnk on ctijittc'l inortu'iijfc, 4:t,S in intcriHf claiiHc i\h to piift. :i78 iNTF:i{jri\tii,i\(i_ < M' iiiortL'JiL'.'d property, nil \VI li-x iiM to, ;iii,| e\(iiii|,|,.. :t(; 'i'''i nioritr.i^.,1 itii,| „fher property int LML'ee lliliy eljiilll hotll, .«. If interiniinrle.l ,.„sily .listintfuiMhe.l •riiiinjrle.l, mort- morttfiliree m-IV Xeleet. If not p;ii-tieiiljirly i| from whole, '((> i.stiii>fiiislialile, iiiortjraj.'! e liiiiy select '>!■ Ihinir h.iije,! uifli propiTty of l,„ilce U f.vti:i{im,i:ai)K|{- iy creditor ;ilfiickiii |{y sheriir, l.l.'i iXTI.MIDATKt.V - iiiortjjjiire. 11:! A U'roim.l for ii.liiiittin;; piinii evi.l eiice. .1 •loiXTMoirniAUK ^VIll■ll inviilid as to •lOJXT (tW.VKliS-^ one lllorljffiLree. elVeet. I'lO TlA ANT- IN CiiMi •ilMK'ATlin-; A( T ,()NT ,_ lvpiita!)le allowMnce of •IIIJAT- Krr interest, in wli.it cils.'s, IMI Ki.\(; •or or omissions from. Iti|, Id.",. v.>2-\9i Vs mort-ajrer. .v, , Ci.oux. LA.\|)L()K|)_ II lejfalily distraiiiinir. liaMe t <> mm I'M'. 723 BILLS OF" SALE AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES!. LAXOLORD— (•«»<.»»((/. Ki-rhts of, 122-1'28 Distress for rent on inortjriipfd chattels. 120-122. 124 Sale under distress, 124 Where a trespas.ser on distress. 126 Purchase by, 12.') Distress on niorturaged jroods to which mortgagee entitled to possession, when left with niortgasror, 122 Kiirlit of inortjiafjree to pay, ami charge to mort^'asor. 122 H Distress on niorti;aged goods after removal from demised ^H j)remises. 12;} ^M When clandestinely removed, 124 fl[ KtTect of redemise clause on right to distress, 124 ui Landlord cannot purchase at sale, 124 H Con.s«'nt of mortgagor not suflKcient to let landlord pur- mm chase, 125 H Consent of ii'ortgagor that landlord may take at apprisal, {^^ eflFect, 12.-> Hi Tenant remaining in possession after sale, rights of credi- fflU tors, 12.5 Hi B Growing crops, mortgage on, sul»se(iuent surrender of prem- ffi ■ ises to landlord, effect, 12t) ^IH^hI H 1 Right.s of landlord for expenses of cultivation, 12() ^^BI^h! H B Rights as to rent due when surrender made, 126 ^B Illegal distre»i, when sued for, landlord cannot .set up in- ^B validity of mortgage, 126 ^E Pending distress go(»ds not seizahle under chattel mort- Mm gage, in absence of Traud, 126 s Right of mortgagee to recover goods illegally distrained. ^V 124, 126 H Taking mortgage for rent, effect on right to distress. 126, 127 Mort^'agee may take i>os.session of gowls distrained wlien ■ left with mortgagor when landlord does not sell within B rea.sonalile time, 127 ^^^■WHiM i Acceptance of note for rent suspends right to distrain. 127 HHIHil Stipulation that lessor have lien on tenant's property as ^SB|b9|R mortgage, 9 ^^^BBbIw Of property, with rigiit to purchase, not mortgage, 10 l^lfll Promi.se of surrender of, not sufficient consideration, 7 1 II INDEX. 723 LEVY— Clo,„ls under, may I)e inortpaKP,!. l,ut subject thereto, 70 .^rortKagee entitle,! to .s-irplus after satisfaction of execu- tion, lO If made, mortgagee may take passessior. even before .lefault. LIOR.VSE— r-nplie,! that trader ,nny .sell mortgnued poods in usual eorrse of business, 9(5 LIEN— Lease stipulafinpr that lessor .shall have lien on les,see'.s property for rent, morttjajye. f) Validity of liens on mortfjajred chattels, S7 LOC.VTIOX OP PROPERTY— Description by, 140 LOGS— ^rortjrape on, 2.'], 24 Wlien liinds lumber made from. .'?4 LOS.S— Of property before delivery, who must stand .Sf) LUJrRER— Mortpage of logs, .14 >rArni\ERY— '^(C Fl.XTCRES. Leatlier driving belts pa.ss with realty .T' '^''''hord.'26''27"^"'*"""'^ niachinery ma; pa.s.s with free- Intention of parties as affecting character of property "fi MA.\ITOB.\— Abolition of judicial divisions, .300 Accrued rights, ;{11 Actual change of possession, 200, ''7(1 ''71 o-o ori Affidavits. 287 • ' • -< i, _<_, .<4 Affidavit of attestation, 271. 27.'). 27f), 277 '^M AtTidavitof6ona/,V/r,«. 271, 27r>," 270,277.' 27!) "80 -'87 ''88 Affidavits of corporations, .102, .10.1, 10!) " • -^ • -^ • - ' Affidax-its for renewal. 29.1 Affidavits of .seed grain mortgage.s, 106 724 BILUS OK SALE AND CIIATTF.Ii MORTGAGES. MANITOBA— foM.s.session. 269. 270. 272 Kaihvay e(|uipiiiciit inortgnges. 3i)S Hailwjiy conveyances. 2S9, 3(18 Records, inspection of. 291 Record of removid, _'98 Record of seed grain mortgages. 307 Hectificafion nf register. 294 Registration of instruments. 277, 288. 289. 290 Registration of renewals, 293. 294 Renewal of corporation mortgages. 310 726 HI1,I.S (IK SAl.K AND CIIATTEI, MOKTOAOfS MAN ITOHA— (»«/»'»««/. Rcnt'U'iil of iii (iravel is unless severed with intent to make it chattel, JtJ mistakp:— As ground for admitting; parol evidence, 5 In stating amount of consideration, 4() MONKY li:ni)Kks act— .Money lender, who is, 17t!, 180-182 "What transactions witliin, 177 Hate on interest tixed by. 177 Power of court to inipiire into, 178 n INDEX. 727 .MOXKY I.KNDKKS ACT— (7.»,//„,„,/. Kccovcry of excess interest, 178 To what contrupts act appliealile, 17!) Penalties for violation, 180 .S'(( [ntkrest, 188-1 !(.{ .^lORT(iA(}^;— Sn M()KT(i.\GKK; .M()Rr(iA(;oR. Nature of, 1, 2 Security founded on tiie coiiinion law, 2, V.l'i Kssence of. there must l)e a dclit, 40 <)|)erative words of, 14') (Consideration necessary, 40 ]\Fay l)c verbal as lietween the parties, .{ AIu.st be ill writing as against third parties. A Statutory re(|uireinent as to writing. :{, 4, 4t)0 No particular form re.vrv,(l. not 'a mortiratre 9. 10 Xor where sal.' extinguisiieis (h-bt, 10 Nor where pr()j)erty does not pass, 10 Nor in lease with right to purchase, 10 Property must Im' transferred. 10 I'urciiaser subject t() mortgage cannot deny validity of. I:i4 Mortgage valid lietween parties l)inding of execution pur- clutser, i:U I'lirciiaser sufiject to mortgage not liable for debt l:U Provision for lien for unpaid purchase money, 11 secured 728 B'l.tJi or s.ir.K AND c.ifwrr.i. moktoaokh. MOUTdAUK rontinuul. I'lerltfR and inort(?ii(?« ('istinjfiiwhfd, 4, lJ-14 I'lfd^f itiid iiiortKncf Hurniftirrcs unite in sanrif; transaction, U IJinitcd infcri-st tnay he the siiti.jt'ot of, 7, V.), 21 Not avoided in »'rn)rif'OUH statt-mcnt of conHidf ration in ahscncf of fraud, 4.'> May ^H! inadt.' of ({oo1 Spi-cial jcjyLslation as to hanks, Ml I*os,sesNion undi'r invaliii, validatinir def'-ctive mortKasre. ">'. Takinif posses,sion under, must not as.':iinsf con-sent of imirt- tra^or, ^4 N'iiture of jxiftSe^sion hy iiiortjraifee. to cure deffi-t.s. >< { Effect of niortffjifree fretting jios-wssion. to curi- dt-fi^fts in. *> histintruishid fnim pledge, 4. 12-14 Insuratile intfr"->t, lti7 I'rovi>ioM fur rcijistration. .' ro\vrr to. inciiji'nt to corporation. ''H To si'cun' in- hy (h'livcry of titl.' di-i-d.s. ."> .\'_'i'i'>-riifiit that t'ood.s iii.iniifacturiMl shoidd h.doni.' to .n (jorser of purchase inoiicy note, as moi'tiraife. 11 Urlivcry of lull of s.-di- of trooity that mortgajjor h.ivi' possession of tiling mor;- tra^eil. 17, l^j ■^1 r % INDEX. 729 Kfiuit.v of redemption may W u\or\niifn-d, 17, is Borrowed prtrperty, 18 Priority as axainst Hrst unregistered iiistrmiient, 4M MORTOAfJKK— Sale by. ]()8-ll[) How n trustee for iiiortKajyor, !(»!» May follow iiiortgaKed jirop.Tty if sold hy luortKanor, (if) Entitled to .surplus after ex.-eution .satisfied when iiiortgaKe made while go(Kls under levy, 70 JFay make pwd title to deffetive'iiiort^'aK.' I.v lakiufr po.sses- sion, 8.i Hifjht of. to take p,)sses.sion if no re-demise elause, 10] H..lief of mortjrapee that he was inseeure at time ,>f taking I)nsseNsion, S(>, S7 (Jrounds of belief in inseeurity, 8(1, .s7 Xeeessity of rijjht to p(xsse!isi()n to maintain a.-ti,,,, :,,^:n,ust any person for wronj^ful detention or eonversii.n.^!»8 Kiglit to pos.se.ssion if any aet done l.y or asfainsi mort- jra^ror wliieli imp.iirs seevirity, S!» Defeetivo mortsrafj.- is postponed to >,.eond iriortfra-.e who takes possession, S8 -Ma.v insure on mortfra-ror's d.-fault. 170 Selliiif: noods before d,.fault. liable to mortirajmr for, !mi Selling; without riL'lit. eonveys jrood title. !»M .May be re.straiiied from takiiifr jiossessioii brfore time lim- ited, (m. rn KtYi-ct of eon.seiit of. to s.de by mortjfatror. '.>:', nif:ht to i)ureiia,se at .sheriffs .sale. I)."). l:,N Taking' poss.'ssiop before default, must take |>rudent owner would. '.X. !l!» .Vot IhiUIld to like |H,v>ession mi first i|,-j'aull. 'I'l -May not create breach of peace «r crimiiial l-.iw intr propertx-. W. pN Takilli; possession milsl b- evidenced by s,,;i;,. public act. May re-deliver the m(irtf.'.if.'or ;is .•iircnt, >> May lirinj: trover airainst thin! pcrsmi, ;is -May mainfriin tre,,jiMs.s ajrajrist shi AY <.'<>* id.s. KL', i;i Sale under exwution ajrainst. I:i:; siicli <-ai'e as ill acipiir- !i:' scl/iuu' llioilcr-iire 7.10 HII,I>« or H.M.E AND CIIATTKI, MilKTUAdf^S. ,Moin'rt>?H(?f in niakinn Half, 112 Liahility for making aalt- f-n bloc, 177 liiahility to Miort((aKor for failure to insun-, 174 liiability to cn-difor of inortKajfor when takiiit? illtjjal pos- Kfiwion, 90 Liability for t»kin(( posacasion of property not covi-rt'd by uiortpaKf, 2i:{ In M'llin^ must act prndcntly, Ulf) Taking l>oMH«-NHioii without rijilit, effect of c(»n.scnt oF inort- >ta({or, 212 Taking poascHsion on default in instalments. rij;lit of mort- );aK(ir to redeem from whole debt, 21:{ Mortgagee with instn-urity clause, may maintain action against person wrongfully detaininit goods, H7 Liability for .seizing g(M)ds of stranger, lN Liability for act of bailitf in seizing, 12H l.ialiility of to mortgagor when sells iM'fore default. 141 Measure of daiiiag-'s. 141 Liability of mortgagee in [Missession to .-icconnt for income and protits, on redemption, 142 KffiH't of cons«*nt to sheritT's sale on condition that suri)lus be paid on mortgage, 95 .Must pay .sun)lus from .sale to mortgagor. Ill Liability fur negligent removal of goods. 1:{S Waiver of mortgage lien by. 1:!2 Duty to ;i.s.sert claim to goods seized on execution. 1:5.') Intere.^it of mortgagee Tnay be sold on execution, I'Vi Cannot maintain action for taking gotids on execution unless entitleil to po.s.se.s.sion. 1:!4 K'ight .-ifter title t)ecome.s absolute. 11.') Liability for declining to sell, 11.') Liability for taking possession l)efoi-e di'fault, 11') Does not warrant title on sale, 11!> liability for making excessive saii lin. HI < :• wilful .-iacritice. 1 11 .M-itg.ig ■!• t.ikiiiL' possession uiiil< r defective mortg.ige not :iiiswe"alile to sulisei|uent purchaser claiming under reg- istcHMl bill ((!' sale. s:{ INDEX. 731 Mn]iT(iA(iKK~ro„thni((J. (IrHiitcf in liill of tmle tiikinjf jiowk'SHion within fiiiic nllowtti for rcnistration. 8:{ INiHN.wMion or nppnnnt posw-ssion (incstion of fiict, 8:i Liability, when' possession taken iM'forc defmilt, for li)s.s due to wjint of ciire, '.)'.) I'orisessioii not adverse to niortRiiKor, »!> .Miiy hr'iug trover for t«i;ed ehatfels, 4")!) Rinht to buy in at sale, 401 M(»RT(}A(iOK_ Ahiy sell niort(r,i>r.Ml :>roperty .siibjeet to rnorttraj;.- if not forbidden by. (i.'i May retain posses.sion until default. ^!>, IM Kntitled t<» daiiiaifes, if inort>.'aKee takes possession lii'fore default. !M) (^uantutii of daiiia^e.s when iiu)rtKaKee acts ille;fally, '.)n Mut not if no redemise clause, !»] •Meas'ire of danuifies where mor«>.MKce entitled to posscssieii Nells bi'fore defiiult, !»(> Lawfully in possession may restrain mortjrajree from takin-,' po.sse.ssion before time limited. (;:>. !)1 Authority to sell not authority to uujrt>ra(;e. jiud rlr, ,■< rs.':itree takinsr possession <,u dclault elVc-t ill K'emainiii!? in possession with eoiisiMit of inort^ra^'.M' author- ized til use chattels oidy, 11] Duty to jirevent listress. 1J2 .Moitpifror can briiiir action auMiiist third p.irtics uh.ii uoi in default in relating to property, US .May set otf el.iiiri for iic-rlitrent removal ol' jroods iiv uiort. ^'ajree. when redeemiiijr. l:{,s Selling.' interest of subject to mort<.M>:c. on .xi^iitioii, 1:!2 <'|' eiMlity of redemption nn i-vi'i'iil ion. 1 !2 liii.'iit ac(|uircd liy purcha.st'r. L!l' T.i'2 llll.l^l nr S.\I.K AM) CIIATTKI. M Form of, .'{4!) Alliilavil fop iiulorM-iiii-iitN iiikI fiitiin; ikIvhikm-n, .'{lilt, :!.'>:{ Alli.li.vil of hill of ■Hiilf, :iL'7 Form of, 'Xi'2 AlliilavitH, \>y winiiii iiiii Foriiw of, :t45 Agt'iil 's aiilliorily, ;140 AlVulavit form, :141», :;:)2 Anioiiiit, (lisfrcparicy in, :i2."> A.s8ii,'nmtnt for crvilitor-M, :t_'S. :{14 Assi^fniiirnts of iiiortKa^'cs, :!.t!( Attestation of hills of sale, :t27 Form of atlidavit, :!.">(( Atti'.statiiin of iiiortiraifi 'HS Form of allidavit, .i48 Hank scciiritii'S, :I44 Hills of Sale Act, :n8 Mills of sal.'. :f-'7, :f2S l)cfini-il, :{4:{ Kxccptcil instniincnts, :{4.'i ( 'crtilicatc of (liscliarj.'!', :i:i7 ( "crtilii'il copitTi, .'{:!(), .■!:>7 Change of pixsse.ssion, 'MS L'ollatiTal sfc-iiriiics. :;24 Coiiiiiiissionfrs to taki' atliilavits. .'{4:! Constitutionality of statute. :!1H Corporatiniis. allidavits of. .'ioti, :!4."> Dehenture anil lioml niort<;a(;es, :!■'!.") I)efea.sanees, :i:{!) Deseription of ehattels. •'i:i(l. :i41 l)is«'li.iri:es, certitieates of. :i:W Form of, :i4.*) Entry of. -{iiS !)isfn-wi, ilieiral. :!2L' INflKX. ?:».» \i:\V IWilNSWI' K ,o,ni,u„,l. KtT.ct of filing, ••<•_•- KHtoi»|...|, .Ij:), .ijd Kx<-<-iitiori H){jiinHt ('(iiiity of ri'd.iiiplioii, :t.')4 Ki'cM, of rciristriitiiiii. :t4(i Kilinjf, i-fT.-.t of. :tL'."» Kfiiliiri' to til,., :iL'tl Kixtnrcs, :i'_M Kriiudiiltnt |ircfiTi'iicfs, ;t24 Fiittin- ji.c|iiirc(l proprrly. .Iju, M\ Filtiliv iirlvaiirt'S. :!2!l. if.'il Form of iitliiliivif. .I'hl <;oo(ls iiiiil clijitii'ls, ;{1!», :i2!i. :UI lliiliiliivs. ;t4(i liii|(»r.sciiii>iiis. si'curity. :!;.'!•. 'M\ Fniiii of Hllidavit, .Ti:} I'l'vy niid si-iziiri', .i'J'i, '.\2C> I.icfiiscs to tMkf poNsi-ssioii. .'{1!(. .'!l'4 .\rorti.'!if?''S of clmtt.'ls. ;iis ( )rdi iiiry cniirsc of liiLsiiicss. :iL':J, :{24, ;!44 l'()SNcs.sioii, cliiiiiifc of, :i]s Proof of rejfist ration. :<:}(;, 3:!7 h't'cords and indexes, :{:f2 |{e(?ist ration of instriinients. .'i:!J HelieWidH. :!:!.'{ Hefore the Aet. :{44 Kntries of. :{.iS Form of. :!:;:{, :!4t> < >i (lelientiire or liond iiior Staleirient of, :!:!4 Slllisecpiciit. ;{.i4 •I'Mtre :{:i:i Sale or return, •'il'L' Seizure, wronirfiil. 'fL'^ Seeret trade atrreerilent.s, :illl Specific perfornianee, .'ii'lt Suh.iet't-iiiatter of inorttraije, :!!' Sulistitnted cliattels, :i2:i Sundav an up.' SM.r, AMI «IHTTi:l. MnllTHAflH. KlTict of III (hinl piirly of iri^triitiii'iit iilmoliiti- i»ii fiiri- Imf ill ri'iilit.\ II iiiortttJiifi', 1 or iiini'tuiiiri' >i(il liar 111 iTi'iliinr alliirkiiii; fur niniriiiiiiili' JiMi'r w itii Art, ll.'i Of ii.sNJtfiiiiiriit III' rlijillfl iiiorttrtit;)-, fiiriii of, tiL'!( \OV.\ SCOTIA AllHIlluti' Ilill.H llf Nllll'. A iiiiiiKMJiitioii iiiili>rN<',.i)'iitN, Mtill, Mii.'i Ailviinri'H, .'tti:! AHiilavit of liill of Kair, .'I.VI Of iiii)rt(;ai;)'M. :iiiii Koriii of, :(Mf of liiriiiir ami luirrliMNi- ai^ri'i'iiii'iit, .'<71 Konii of, :w:| For itiilorHi'iiii'iits ami fiitiirf ailvaiii'i'H. •'Ui:i Form of, :t7II Aflidavils. .I.f.i-tivi-, MtUi, Ilfi? .Nlfl'lltS, .'iliH Viiiiiials. iiicrriLsi' of, :{.">f> lUJd Apfiari'iit ]i(isNfHHioii, :i.')7 AKNiKiiiiii'iits for lii'iit'fit of {Ti'ditors, It.'ifl Mills of Sair Art. .(.").'> Iliti'i'prctatiipii of '''jf) ClioHi's ill ai-tioii, :r>S CoiniiiisHioiHTs to take nftidavits, .'{7S, ,t7!l ('onsitlcration of liill of salt', :ili7 Cri'diliirN. :!ii4 Dffcasaiici-*!. :{('0, :Ui1 DcsiTiptioii of ^iMxIs, .')."i7, :{fiO DiHcliarijcs or ri'lrasi'.«. ^~>< Kjuitdi in III III ris, .'{."iS Ffi's. of rt'iriHtrMtioii, 'M'-i Filiiiir ami rfj:i.stratioii, .I.')!). .i.'tO. 'Mi* Kixtiiri'H. .'triS Forms of artiilavif.s, MO Fraud. :tlM. :!t;7. .!7(t Fufiirc-ai'(|tiiri'd propiTty, .'!."i7 Future advHiici-.s, 36:} (iood faith. :)(i7 Hirinir ami puix-hasc aRropiiu'iits, ^fiS, :171. 377 Form of affidavit. :W3 IM»;\ \<»-. A S((»TI.\ ,„„h,n,,,l lli>lorM.riM'nt, nii-iinty of, Itl I inti r|>rit;iti(>ii nl' iiiHlriiin.iil.s, Irf'Vy, uitlioiit ifiiMiviil, li;_' I. ii'ri, hiriiiir. M\ Mitiii/iiif.N of clmti.ls, :it;«; Konii <»r jiilidavit, :{H\ Noil ri'.si.lriilN, IiJIIm i>( H:t\r liy, :i(il Nnfii'f (if I'liciiiiiliniiD-i'N, :iiil I'tTsotuil rhiitti'U, (l.-tii, •il, :(.",(; I'rif.'riTM'fs, :i(i."(, :!ti(; l'i).>Hivn. tiikiiiif lit', .itiii I'liri'liiLM-rs. Iiiiiiii lull. :tt;."i, ,(7)i Ki-i-iinLs iiinl iiiiii'Xi-.'^, Ml K<'iri.slriition ilinlrii'tM, .iTT |{"iii'wal stiitciiii iiIh, :it>i Fiinii of, :iH2 HfTii-wiils of hill.s of Kiilc, :Ui^. :f7() Sell. (lulls ,MiiiiiNc(|, :)fin Seizure of Jfcioils. entrv. .'idO St(M'k-iri.tr)l(|e, i.'t" SutiHc<|iieiit purcliiiNir.s, :i.")(i. :f7'i Sulmtituted liilU of Mile, :{7'» I'li.iu^t pnlVreiice?,. :'.»;.'), :((;(; ''llattel MlotikfJIUe. irericMfil form. ti.')l !{i'ii''v. (.1 forn.. i,.'i.'i KoriM of iit1i.|if\it of li-imi iiilin. {',':', OATHS— H.V wlioill aillliilli.ste!-e(l. VM\ ONTAKIO— liiM.s (IK Svi.i .\( T. :iN4 ol'KKATiVK I'Ains < >f e(illVe\ iihii-. 1 I'l I'AK'OI. AfiliKKMKNT - Si I Aiila.lMI \ I ; .M.lKK, \(iK. I'AIML KVIDIACK >■" KriiiKNd, I'AKTIKS Who iiia.v make l.ill of s.ile m- mort^'a^'e. (,'.i Jnfaiiis, 7" 7-! 736 BIIXS OF SAI-K AND CIIA".TEL MORTGAGES. VAHTlKS—coitiiiunl. Insiiiio persons, 74 lllitorntc pf.-.sdiis, 74 Hliiid persons, 74 Partners, 7.") Owners in eoiiuiion, 77 Joint niortpiKt'es, 7S Apents, ~A Corporations, 89 Tlie Crown, S ^Farried women, 82 Statin<; the names and additions of, 570 PAKTXEHSIIU'— I'ower of partner to iiiortsja^e firm property for individual debt, 7t), 77 Validity asrainsi partnership creditors, 7(), 77 Kstojipel of partners to (|uestion .Mich iiiortirajje, 7() Ratification of such mortgarre, 7(1, 77 One ])arlncr cannot put end to Imsincss, 70 Hook a<'cou'its of, a.ssijjnnienl of by one jKirhier for own debt, 7(), 77 I'lcdfie of partnership property for, 7(i Mortirapre to secure future advances, ivill not eovci' advances made the firm's .successor after dissolution of or'jrinal tirni. ">:! One member of, may execute niortgafre to si'cure firm's de))ts, 17> Mutual afieiicy (>xists lu'tweeii niendiers of tradinf.', 7.') One p.irtner may jtlcdsre property of, for the business. 1' Cannot l)ind co-partners by deed. 7.') One partner may execute chattel mortgafre. as such need not be under seal, 7.") One ])artiier cannot execute deed of all stock in ti'ade for benefit of creditors. 7(i May execute mortjrajie on ])roper1y of, to secure debt of individual partner, 7.'), 7t) Implieil authority of partner to bind jiroperty of, only extends to business of, 7") Ui'prcseiitatives of deceased partner bound liy act of part- ner, 77 Mortjxage by indi iial partner, 41S INDEX. 737 PAY.UKNT— Of tnortpagc debt as (Hseharpc of tiiorfgage. 137 Time of. extension after default by provision for sale 115 Tin. of, verbal extension, 115 Kfl ;t of payment as diseharge. 532 Mo ; of satisfaotion, 533 Limitation against mortgage debt, 533 PERFOK.MAXCK— A mortgage is defeasible by the performance of the con- dition, 2 Speeifie performance of contract to convey propcrtv not then in possession hut afterwards acquired ''0 M PERSONAL PROPERTY— Si( Proi'ertv. .Movable is included in term "goods " •>0 PLEDGE— Distinction from pawn, 11-13 Distinguished from mortgage, 4, 11-14, 144 From bailment. 11, 12. 14 AttributcM of pledge, 14 Delivery only re(|uire(l. 12. 14 Writing not necessiiry, 14 Transfers possession l)ut not title, 11, 13. 14 Mortgage and pledge may unite in one transaction 14 Debt essential to, Id Lien of ple2:> Taken by mortgagee against consent of mortgagor. 8:1 Cures all defects in mortgage, 83 Must he actual and physical, 85 If mortgage does not give, to mortgagor, mortgagee may take at any time, 85 Mortgagee entitltnl to. when security impaired, 8ti, 87 Right, incident to right of property, 8!) ^Mortgagor's right to, when implietl, 8!) Advertising, a circumstance in determining sufficiency of. 85 May he taken from pleK>'*I iiHIiouuli owner hii.s not alwoliitf or ciitire possfHsion, 1!( Kxciiij>t from iittiiclinicnt or cxt'cuf ion, ituiy be inort(?aj?i'(l, 17 Ooo In an iinliniNlicd statt*. may be mortK IncreiLse of ainmais, generally covereil by mort)?aKt' of, :t.l Sale of inerea.se of, :{') Intermingling of mortpatied jiroperty, effect, 'M', Ast'ertainment and identity necessary to a transfer of, l{(i, H!) Kight to, does not pass till property a.seertained, 'M> M l*a.sses when np])riipriati4 Alteration of county or district, 524 I'liice of regirtt ration, 502, 575 Filiiijf of iiiHtrunients, 4(i(i, .")02, 576 liulorseiiientH of ref^iHtration officer, 5()H SniulayN ami holidays, 50H "KeRi8terin>f" and "tiling." ,")()4 Aliwnce of registration oltieer, ."i04 Kegistration on removal of goods. .")(M! Manner of registering instrunieiits, 508 Duties of registering otlicers, 50S Hegi.stratioii of railway eiiuipiiient mortgage, 52!l Proof of registration. 5;{0 Certificate of registration, 5:51 Kegistration of assignments, 5:C>, 5:{() RKMOVAL— Keiiioval of encumhered gowls to another territorv. effect. 104. 105, l!t!t, 200 Kight.s ac{)>* Renewal of niorttfiWH K<''i<'rally, .Kt!) Keetifieation of error, .">(»!) StatenientH and atTidaviUs of renewal, ,"il(l, .")ls AtTi(Livit.s, hy whom made, 511 (>l).ieet of renewal provisions, .")11 .MoitKiij?es for future advanee.s, .'ill.' •MortjfajreH seeurinjf indorsements, "il^ Kffeet of aHsignment or takinjf powM'ssion, 'A.l Creditors and .sul)se(|uent purchasers, ."»14 Time for renewal, .")lt) Time for tiling. T)!? .Mort(fa(?ee's allidavit, 'r2l As.si(fnee's renewal. .')J2 ''alidity of affidavits, 'i22 Successive renewals, 52:} Stating payment in renewal statement. .')24 Form of renewal statement and atlidavif. .")42 Sa«kat.')5, (;5ti RENT— Sir La.NDI.IIKP. REPAIR— Provisions a.s to, gives mortgagee right as to pos.se.ssion 8!) REPLEVIN— Sec Actions. If partial interest in property in common is mortgaged to stranger he cannot replevy from other owner in com- mon. 77 746 BII.I~X OK t»M.K AND lUATTKl- MOKWAllKJ*. Will lie HKuiiiHt inortiKHiror by iiiortKiigcf lH'fori> (It'fiiult if foriiuT not ciititlfd to poNHfHHinii, !W Hy imirt(?H(fw for ilh'gal distrfiw, l'2it My inoi'tKHt;)')' cntitli'ii to poHWNHioii, iigiiiiiMt Hhi-rifT for Icvy- ii.,^ on, 102 KKI'KKSKNTATiVE— Of lllortK))K<'l'. »>> MoKTOAOEIC. HESIDENCK— Si I DtSlKII'TIoN. SALE— Altiy Ik" fitlu-r absolute or coiKiitioniil, 1 Hy iiiortjrajfor, in fraud of rights of niortKagcr, f)(l, 'Xi MorlKHKcf may attirni, iiuidt- without Iuh atim-nt, *Xi Verbal consent to, binds inortgiigee although mortgage re- •luiri'M written, 04 AcquieNi'iiice of mortgii>;ee in sale, when equi%alent to con- sent, 97 In ordinary course of business, mortgaged goods, 2U, 24, 95, 9(i. !»7 Hy mortgagee, 108-1 19 Meaning of, 109 Suri)lus proceeds. Ill Adjournment of. 111 Deficiency on. 111, 118 Proper conduct of, llo-llO Colhwion, j1() Fraudulent undervaluation, 112 Advertisement, ll:{, 114, lit) Contents of, 117 Private, IKi Notice of. lit) Form, lit) Hy auction, lit) • Inclusion of good.s of others, 117 In parcels or in blocks, 117 Purchaser's rights, llti What amounts to sale in course of trade, !)(!-102 Second mortgagee may sell e(|uity of redemption subject to first mortgage, 108 Duty of iiiortgagcc to obtain bcsl p0^.^ib!(• price, 10!) iNot:.\. 747 SALK — ( iiiitiniK ft'. li»!l Duty of iriortKiiKi'f tn |ircvciit SHcriHcf, Klit, 11(1 MorfKHUcc (IS trustrc. KUt-lll • Duty to mljouni to iircvcnt sHfriticc. Ill MuMt t'dllow ttTiiis of niortfjiij,'!', 112 Must not Mi'li iiion- tliaii cimuKli to sjiti.sfy uiortKii«f. Ill) I'uicliiis*' liy niortjfiitffi', viilidity, 11>S S(.ttiii(jii.-ii(lc for iimrtjfHKcc's cdnduct in rnnkintf, l^l AttiickiuK Niili', 114 Necessity nf notice to inortjfHuor of, IKi lmi)eiicliitiK. slievving olfer to redeem find fender prior to sale, 14:} Sale wifii consent of Miortj?aj,'ee, releiwe of mortgage lien, 97 In hulk, validity of, L'O.'j SASKATCMKWAN— Agents, riti4, r>8,"> Artldavit of mortgagee, .")(i4 Affidavit of mortgagee on delteiitures, .')ti.') Attewtation of inortgHgee, r)t)4 Attestation of hill of sale, .")(;!) Affidavit of corporation, .')»>(> AflRilavit of bona litlm, r>7() Affidavit of renewal, r)84 Affidavit hy whom nuuie, .'>,><.") Affidavit liy whom administered, oOl Assignment for ered'ioi-s. 7ul Affidavit of eoPi)oration, .IH.') Asrtignments of mortgage, oST Hills of Sale, Act of, iV)!) Hy-law, accompanying mortgage, (Miange of registration district. .")ti2 Change of possession, r)(i4, ,')()!», oTO ("onsideriition, statement of, 'uW Crops, growing or .severed, 57ti, Corjjoration, conveyances hy. oH.") ('ommissionei-s of affidavits. .">!)! Dehenture and hond mortgages. Dehenture and hond renewal. .")(;(; Description of property. 7u7i Damages, wrongful seizure. .')7!) Discharge of mortgage, 5S7 ")t;(i .)( I ')(;.-) 748 HII.IJ^ OK HM.K ANt> CIIATTH- MORTtlAtlK8. SASKAPCIIKWAN ,o„ti,n,.,l. DiMcliariri', ocrtiHcHfc tif, r»HM KrrorH iiikI niiuNHioiiM, 'tHri FIvidfiii'c, ••■rtititnl copii'N, .VM Kiitiirr ikIviiiicch, r»!ll InilorKi-riii'nt iiiortKHK)'"' ■"'••'^ Interest, lilaiik eliiuse. .'iTH .MiirtKH|4 .Morti;aKi'M of ehatteU, form, r»(!7 .MortKajfeN, liill.s nf sale a«, ■"••>4, ."iT.l M<>rt(;a|rex of tIelH-iiture ami IioiiiLh, .'it!.') MorttjatreH, reKi-slration of, 'u.{ Mortu'ai;i's for s I KHiin, .'>7l) Onlers-iii-eoniicil, .').')!) I'ossevsioii, ('liaii|!e of, ,")(!4, .'ill!!. .")7(l I'artiierMliip, eoiivevanee hy, .'>T1 I'eiialties f(ir exees.sive eowts. ."»»2 lieuistratioii" Districts, .").')!( I)i.striets, alteration of, .'iti'J Clerks, ."it;:l Duties of, .">t>4 ( UTiee hours, .')();{ Of inortiraKes, .')t)4 Of t>ill of sale, :M) Time of, .")(!.") KtTeet of, .'.7:t I Mace of, ")7.'i Kenewal statement, '>>*'2 Heconls .•md indexes, .')7*i Kaihvay eijuipment, mortirajje, .')!IL' Henewal of mort(fa(fe. .')S2 lienewal of debenture mortjjap's, .')(!•) Keiiewal statement, .')8.'{ Kenewal, annual, '»i4 Kectifieatioii of register, .")S() Keinoval of tTiortjratfeil chattels, .")Sr» 500 Seed ffrain mortgage, ")7() INDKX. 749 SASKATCIIKWAN <<>„li„,i,(l. Sfizurc upon Nei|ueiit iMirehiiwn*, AOO SATISFACTION - Sii I'.WMKNT; DlHOIIARfiK OF M(IRT(l.\(iK. SAI.K l|'(l\ DKKAll/r MortKHK''"''** rit'lit of. .'("7 .".TK. Duty «f ciire iiikI pruderiee, 4:iti Offer to redeem prior to sjile, 4.'tH t'oHfN of, .'.44, .VSd. :,H\. SKA I Addition of, dotw not vitiate, I't Hill i>f .sale need not lie under, 1 Cliiitfel Miortffdjre need not he under 7.") SKKI) (JHAI.N— Statutory pn>vi«ionM iis to niortKntfes for priee of .seed irrain, L'll. ."i7ti -MortKiijfc for price of, in Manitolm, form of recital in H46 «47 Affidavit of hona fidci on seed pniin niortf?nffe (.Man). r>47 SKIZIKE rXDKR CHATTEL MORTOAOK— Procedure under chattel inortiraKc on default, 577 Statutory eauses for taking poKsesaion in Saskatchewan. 578 .Mort^'a^f^■e's ritrht.s and iluties. 57s, 57!» Cost.s of seizure. 544. 5S0, .5,S1 Penalty for excessive costs, 'tii'2 Tarill" of fees (Ont.i, .545 SITE |{ IFF— Powers of, till Sale l.y. not waiver of mortRa, >e's rights if ako a creditor, f)5 ^fortpatrce may l.uy at sale liy, 05 STATI'TOKY DECLAKATION— Hy inortKaRor as to ownership, form of. 609 STATCTE OF LIMITATION'S— Debt haired hy. good consideration, 52 STATFTES OF ELIZABETH— Efftt-t of, !:• 13 750 BILLS OP SALE AND CHATTEL MORTOAOES. STOCK-IN-TRADE— Mortpragor may sell in ordinary course of business mortgage stock without consent of mortgagee, !)"), 97, 102 Implied license to sell to a limited extent in ordinary course of business, 95 Permission to sell in ordinary course of business not fraudu- lent per sr, 20() SUBROGATION— Right of insurers, 171, 172 SUBSKQUENT PrRCIIASER— Purchaser after period allowed for registration, 506 Purchaser of chattels after expiry of renewals, 514 Rights of, where mortgage not re-fileil on removal of goods to another district. 589, 590 Purchaser in good faith, 456, 467 Actual knowledge as affecting, 457 Landlord as purchaser in good faith, 457 Right to attack defective conveyance, 458 STATEMENT OP INDEBTEDNESS— Due or accruing due, 434 Collateral security on secured note, 434 Extent of liability of indorsements, 448 Extent of liability of future advances, 448 SCBSTITITION— Str Accessions; After-acqi'ired property. SUNDAYS AND HOLIDAYS— Time of registration expiring on holiday, 503, 591 SURPLUS— Proceeds of sale, mortgagor entitled to. 111 On Side by vendor on conditional sale, right of vendee to, 10 surprise- As ground for admitting parol evidence. 5 TENANTS IN COMMO.V— Joint purchasers of chattels are. 77 Right to possession, 77 Survivorship, 77 ^lortgage of interest bv, 77 TIMBER— Not within the Act until after severance, 25 Is an interest in land, 25 Within Statute of Frauds, 25 But not when .sold with view to immediate severance, 25 INDEX. 7ol TIMBER limit- Is iiiteri'st ill Imid. 26 TIME— For renewal, computing. 216 Verbal extension of, validity, 115, 116 Expiry on holiday or Sunday of tine for filinp. .'lO.J, .^ni TITLE— With p()8s«'.ssion giws right to mortgage, 18 Mortgage from vendee superiar to title of eonditional vendor, 19 Title acquired of mortgagee selling unfler power of sale witii- out right, !)0 Xo warranty l>y mortgagee on sale, 110 Of mortgagee l)ecomes absolute on default subject to mort- gagor's right to redeem, 115 Passage of, under contract to sell future-acquired property. Sale of unaMcertained chattel passes on suhseriuent delivery TRADE-MARK— Right to, when passes on sale of business, 16(1. 161 When under mortgage wile, 160 TRADER— Purchase from, in usual course, 22 transfer- No AssKiNMEN'TS. TRESPASS- 'S'* f Action. Right of mortgagee entitled to possession to maintain against sheritf seizing on execution, 102 TROVER— Scr Action. Mortgagee entitlwl to possession may bring, against .slu-riflf seizing an execution, 102 TRUST— Contract to sell or mortgage after-acquired property as 20, 21 Pledge of property held by one in triust for himself and another, 78 752 BILLS OF SALE AND CHATTEL M0RT0A0E8. TRUST DEEDS— Transfer of railway rolling stock or equipment as security for bonds, 289, 308, 529, 592 UNDUE influence- As ground for admitting parol evidence, 5 USURY— EflFect of, 175, 176 VENDEE— In conditional sale has mortgageable interest, 19 VENDOR— In oontlitional sale has mortgageable interest, 19 VERBAL MORTGAGE— Valid between parties, 3 Distinguished from pledge, 4 Words necessary to create, 3 Parol agreement to give mortgage, when enforced, 3 VOLIXTARY CONVEYANCE— Conveyance, when invalid, 41, 42 WAIVER— By mortgagee consenting to sale under execution, 95 Of excessive interest, sec Interest, 188-193 WAREHOUSED GOODS— Delivery of warehouse receipts as mortgage, 12 WITNESS— Si r Affidavit of Execi'Tion. WORDS AND PHRASES— Accompanied, 422, 450 Accountant, 303 Actual and continued change of possession. 269, 274, 385, 391, 462 Affirm, 279, 418 All my future personalty, 23 Any, 199, 570 Any person, 258 Anywhere, 478 Apparent possession, 234, 246, 552, 570 As against, 452 Assurance, 237 INDEX. WORDS AND l'IIRASKS-r<>«/m««/. Jiargain, sale, transfer and set over, 145 Hargainee, 2(H), 221 Hills of sale, 2:n, 2:i:i, 242, :{."..-), .'')-)2 Chattel mortgage, .'}44 tierk of County Court, 2()!J Colliiteral security, 12 Creditors, l:i2, 2ti!), :m, .{8:), 46(), 514 Deemed to be, 242 Defeasance, i;{7 Elsewhere, 478 Execution, 267 Execution creditor, 2(i7 Execution debtor, 267 Factory, 240 FiJinfjr. 249, 356, 504 Fixtures, 358, 408 Formal possession, 235 Good consideration, 41, 465 Goods and chattels, 17, 20, 7(». 31!l 343 344 469 Goodwill, 161 . , , - Grant, bargain, sell and assign, 145 Grantee, 234 Holiday, 165 Immediate delivery, 274 , In and upon, 150 In bond, 150 Increase of animals. 153 Instalments in arrear, 190 Instruments, 289 In the ordinary course of business, 22. 237 Judicial Division, 269, 289 Liabilities, 188 License to take possesion, 237 May, 314, 530, 582 Machinery, 33 Moneylender, 176, 180 Mortgage, 268, 386 Mortgage debenture, 527 Mortpag,- of goods and chattels, 284 496 Pawn, 12 Personal chattels, 234, 356, 552 ••8 — laiS Of SALE. 753 754 BIT.I.S OF SAI,E AND CHATTEL MORTGAGES. WORDS AND PIIRASKS— (OH/JMMfrf. Personal estate, 159 Plant, 15f) Presorib<'