.^. ^, ^>, %. m •,a^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGST (MT-3) /. .<^. f/- 1.0 I.I L25 ff IIIIIM 1.4 6" 111 2.2 IIM 1.6 V] signif jo "A SUIVRE ", la symboia V signifia "FIN". Mapa, piatas, charts, ate. may ba filmad at diffarart raduction ratioa. Thosa too larga to ba antiraly inciudad in ona axpoaura ara filmad baginning in tha uppar !aft hand comar. laft to right and top to bottom, aa many framwa aa raquirad. Tha following diagrama iliuatrata tha mathod: Laa cartaa. planchao, tabiaaux. «tc. , pauvent itra filmia i daa taux da rMuction diff Grants. Lorsqu* la documant ast trop grand pour itra raproduit an un soul cliche, ii est film* * partir da I'angia sup*riaur gaucha, da gauch* i droita. at da haut an baa. an pranant la nombre d'Imagaa nicaaaaira. ilaa diagrammaa suivants iliustrant la m*thoda. ata }lure, a : 2X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cbe family WM Ueterinary 6uide. ,** & '^■*.,M'. "'■> Compliments of THE FAMILY HERALD AND WEEKLY STAR MONTREAL. I W^iiu^ k-tQ^i) ::: THE FAMILY HERALD^ AND WEEKLY STAR In addition to being the leading Agricultural .lournal of Canada is also the best general news- paper. and gives its patrons more general reading than can • be got in any ex])enditu other way by re five times an greater than its subscription price ::::: Send for a sample ropy and satisfy yourself.... FAMILY HERALD AND WEEKLY STAR MONTREAL, QUE. 9/^ 9^^ tl^ t^^ 9^^ t^ 9^^ 9^^ Vo^ Family Herald Veterinary Adviser. ANSWERS TO VETERINARY QUESTIONS REPRINTED FROM THE FAMITY HERALD AND WEEKLY STAR MONTREAL 1900. Tills book Is inteiK.ed to convey some Idea of the ndvnntnstes of beliiar n rei'Mlnr sulmriher of the FAMILY HERALD nnd WEEKLY STAK of Montreal. Anions; the ninny privileges enjoyed by every reader of this pHper there is none more valuable or more highly appreciated than that of beliiB able t«> se«'nre at any time and free of charge advice on any sii)>je<:t inquireil about. This is of course a gri^at boon to all readers, but especially to farmers, who in these flays of keen competition and low prices must use every endeavour to keep up with the times. The work of the farmer is so varied and deals with so many different branches of knowledge that it is impossible for any on- man to be thoroughly familiar with all the details involved. He cannot be master of all the subjects connected with his work nnd therefore if he is wise he will, when in doubt, 4-onsult some expert who has made n thorough study of the particular b .nch of work concerned. Bei-ognizing these facts, the FAMILY HERALD and WEEKLY' STAR has provided its readers with exceptional opportunities of securing ihe adiice of such experts. In the agricultural depart- ment ♦)f the paper all branches o^ fariu work are covered, the ques- tions submitted being answered by authorities of recognized standing. One of the most important features of this department, and one that is largely taken advantage of by read.^rs of the FAMILY HER- ALI>, is that devoted to the treatment of the diseases of livestock. The number of questions addressed to thig department has of late im-reased to such an extent that now we devote the best part of a page to this important subject. I>r. William Patterson, a well known veterinary surgeon of Montreal, who was appointed by the Government to ac die, and swell up to a great size. On open- ing theiu they are black inside, and hileil with dark red liquid. What is the disease and the treatment y Ans. — Ihis is one of the most fatal dis- eases of all animals, and mankind as well, and is called anthrax, from the dark col- our of the blood and diseased parts of tli« flesh. It is due to blood poisoning by a special germ which is taken into the animal in various ways, as with infected pasture, hay grown on infected land, or bad watei in whi^- there are germs of the disease. Great care is to be itaken to avoid infection from the diseased animals, as the blood or diseased matter may carry the disease to other animals, or to any person handling the sick ones. The whole carcase Should be deeply buried out ot danger of contact with otli f animals, and in a safe place. It is be.si to burn them. It is not worth the trouble to try to save the sick animals, as they will be so reduced as to be worth- less if any treatmcmt might iiai^pen to be successful. But if, on the first notice of the attack, as shown by the redness of the eyes, and the weeping, with stiffness of the limbs and lameness, six ounces of I'Jpsom salts is given with one ounce of hyposul- phite of soda, and a seton to put in the dewlap, it may be i)ossil)le to effect a cure. But treatment is not recommended. CHRONIC IIv^DlGESTION. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) M. Z., Ont. — A cow has a thin and rough coat. Has a uoor appetite, but will eat hen manure anu chew bones w^hen she can. What should be done for her? . ^11** "The cow is suffering from indiges- tion. Treat in this way: Give a pint and a half of raw linseed oil. Give a warm bran mash once or twice a day; add to the mash one level tablespoonful of a mixture of eciual parts of ground ginger, gentian, and sulphate of iron, all hnely powdered. Feed cut fodder wetted Avith warm water, and add a liberal quantity of ground feed of corn, oats, and bran mixed. Give daily a heaping tablespoonful of salt, and add to it an equal quantity of pulverized burned bones. It is a good thing to give cows burned bones with an equal quantity ot wood ashes along with the salt once a day every week, or itwice a week will do no harm. Excess of it is better than too little. Cows in calf will improve greatly with this addition to a warm bran mash twice a \veek. IMPOTENCE IN A BULL. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) C. C. p.. Que.— Impotence in a male ani- mal is mositly always a result of too high condition due to overfeeding. Bulls that are over-fed and have failed in service have been immediately changed for the better by setting them to work on a single- horse tread-power, and using them for cut- ting feed, pumping water, and such other light work. By attaching a saw the bull may usefully cut the household wood for instance. Otherwise he may be driven in a cart or plough. To reduce the condition by medicine would not be desirable, for this weakens, while physical exercise strengthens any animal, both as to the mus- cular and the nervous system. BLEEDING FROM THE WOMB. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) S. R.— A heifer which had a calf last summer is not again in calf; bleeds every time she comes in season; she is thin. Whea- ls the cause and what should be done for her i 2 FAMILY HERALD VETERINARY ADVISER. Ans. — This if not an unuHUul caae. The bleeding i» a result of the condition of the organ at this Hpfciai time, and all the more so with an animal in poor condition aw this is. Give one ounfe of tincture of eliloridf> of iron in a quart of linseed tea once a day for three days, wlien the bleed- ing is about to occui-. Do not have her bred until she is in better condition. Feed bran and linsted mash, in which give daily for two weeks one teaspoonful of a mixture of equal parts of ground ginger, gentian and nulphate of iron. DIFFICULT BIRTH. (Question asked by Subacrlber amJ answere.l by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) J.G., N.W.T.— Displacement of the foetus is a serious accident, which may be ;aused in various ways, as by the failing of a cow, a severe blow on the side by another ani- mal, leapng of one cow on another Avhich is in heait, or other similar disturbance of the position of the calf. In this case the continued straining of the cow indicates an injury in some of these or other similar ways. Treatment should be to replace the foetus by the hand if possible, but if no other way seems feasible the foetus may be removed by dissection of it. 'This, of .-ourse, is an exceedingly trying and exhausting af- fair for the cow, which may suffer seriously from inflammation as the result of the opera- tion. This seems to be the case here. Treat as follows: Give easily digested nourishing food, with stimulants. Give one pound of Epsom Salts with a heaping teasponl'ul ot a mixture of equal parts of gentian and ginger; a few hours after, give two drachms of extract of belladonna. Apply blankets dipped and wrung out of hot water to the loins. Continue this until the cow is re- lieved ERYSIPELAS. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) J.B.T., Wyo. — Have lost several young calves this year with disease in the throat and head. The head swells and the throat is sore and inflamed. The skin is very red and turns purple and smells offensively. What is the disease and treatment ? An£,. — The disease is erysipelas, a virulent inflammation of the whole skin, and not confined to the outer and superficial skin. The description sufficiently describes this very serious disease, which is due to an unhealthy condition of the blood resulting from disorders of any of those internal organs which are concerned in the purifi- cation of it from offensive matters gathered as it circulates through the body. Disorder of the kidneys is the most effective cause of it, and tliat of the liver follows. Pro- longed diseast^ of the digestive organs, as coHtivene.ss or diarrhoea, may i>roduce it by poisoning or weakening of the blood, so that the utmosit care and^ attention should be given to these things at their ;irst appearance. Treatment consists in giv- ing a full dose of Epsom salts, ten ounces for a yearling and half this for a six month."' old animal, adding to it two drachms of chlorate of potash. Ajiply to the diseased parts fomentations of hot water in which one ounce of hyposulphite of soda is dissolv- ed to a pint. If the skin appears to be broken and is discharging, dust it with flour or starch, after carbolized sweet oil has been painted over the inflamed parts. The disease is iwobably contagious by con- tact of the discharge ^rcm the diseased skjn. Otherwise the disease spreads because the like conditions prevail in regard to the other animals associating with the sick ones. CRACKED TEATS. (Question asked by Subacrlber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) M. S., Out.— For cracked teats treat as follows: Immediately before milking, wash them with warm water and apply vase- line to soften the skin. Milk as gently as possible. After milking apply carbolated vaseline. Do xiot wet the teats whil>i milk- ing: this is the most frequert cause of soreness and cracking of the skin. If the teats are excessively sore use silver milking tubes for a short time only, and until — by the above treatment- -the sores are removed. Wetting a cow's teats is a bad habit, and the cause of much trouble; it shoidd never be practiced or permitted. CATARRH OF THE WOMB. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) H. D. S., Que. — A cow failed to clean when she had a calf, and since then has had a white discharge. Is nov: in cair -^ain. What treatment do you advise? Ans. — Thf, cow is suffering from catarrh of the wor.ib, and may lose her next c.lf unless carefully treated. Take this course: Give hyposulphite of soda, one ounce dis- solved in gruel or bran and linseed mash. Continue daily for ten days. After this give two drachms of subnitrate of bismutii in the mashes. If the trouble is not re- i" Family hekald vetkiunauv auvlsek. 8 niG\ ,d. writ.3 UKiiin, dci^oribing condition. A <'0w which loHcs a call' at tour nioiillis niii.v do HO by accident, in which case hy ^ood care :die niav escape the next time, but as a rule once this [lappens a liabil of it mny be formed, when such an animal is a con- stanit danser to otlier cows and is not sate to kee|). CATAinur OF THE STOMACH. (Question a.skefl by Subscrllier .\nil annvverecl by Family Herald Veterinary Kxpert.) W. J. I., Ont. — A cow has had a poor appetite; dung has been hard and black; came in balls covered witii whitish mat- ter. Gave her raw oil and she cairie all ritcht: but is as bad as ever again, with mere of the white matter on tht dun^. What is the disease and the treatment? Ans. — The disease is catarrh of the stom- ach, and i)Ossibly of the bowels as well, (iive one quart of the raw linseed oil. When it has operated give warm oatmeal and lin- seed gruel, jn two quarts of which give every evening one ounce of chlorate of pot ash, and every morning give the same quan- tity of sulphate of iron. If the bowels do not act freely after a few day--, begin at the be^iinning and repeat all through. Twelve quarts of chopped oats daily with bran in addition is overfeeding; it will be advisable to reduce this feed to ont-th'rd the quantity twice a day only, and give orce a day a tablespoonful of a mixture of equal parts ot ground ginger, gentian and sulphate of it on as soon as the cow improves. Continue this two or thr^e weeks CATARACT. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered oy Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) J, A. H., Assa. — A calf has a scale over the eyeball; it is reddish white in colour, and protrudes above the surface of the eye. The animal is blind in that eye. Have used burned alum without effect. Is an} cure possible? Ans. — This disease is within the eye, and is ive one quart of raw lansee.d oil; when it has oix>ratcd give .scalded bran mash, to which add one table- sixwnful of a mixture of equal parts of ground gentian. !ound of oatmeal. Fee* the upper leg and fasten it sefurely agaiui^t kiiKing. Then eut a gash through the skin a little bark of the last rib, first nhaving ofT the hair to avoid getting anyt^'ing into the belly. Cut through the akin, tlcfih and lining mem- brane of the abdomen (the peri.ioneum) If.rge enouifh to get in he right hand, as you stand at the back of the animal. Fe<'l for ths orgars to be removed, and twist tbem off; to use an ecraseur is the best. See that the other parts which may be dis- turbed are returned properly, then sew up the openings, first of the peritoneum, vntn proper silk thread, and then the outadde wound. Keep the anima) quiet until heal- ing has occurred, when she may be turned out. No instrument is needed but a sharp knife. PREMATURE BIRTH. (Question anked by Subscrlbei and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) J. L. B.. N.Y.— A cow lost her calf three weeks before the time. Soon after refused food. Poured gruel down her throat, then «he vomited several times, and began to eat and chew her cud. Is eating now a lushel basket crowded down and heaped up of wet cut corn stalks, with two quarts of bran, three quarts of chopped oats and com, and ry", v.ith a mash of three quarts of bran, and a pint of oil meal; the same is given at night, and an armful of clover hay at noon. She is not increasing in milk. Has a cough and gives but three quarts of milk a day. What is the matter and what ehould be done for the cow? Ans.— The cow is overfed, and is not di- gesting her food, hence the cough. Reduce the feed one-half, frive no medicine of any kind. As soon as her appetite becomes natural, and she will eat a bunch of sweet straw, then begin gradually to increase the fowl a littl-' each week until the improves in vield. 'ihe cough is due to indigestion and the milk mav be used. CATTLE BOT FLY. (Question a.'^ked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) A. C. B., Ont. — The small lumps on the back of your lieifer are the buirows vv nests of the cattle bot fly grubs. On e.:- aanination you will find a small hols in the skin, through which vou may squeeze these grubs by pressing with the thumbs on each side. The wound ■■i will heal in time. Thew grubs come from egjifs jf the large bot fly, which are de|H)i»itea on the hair of the animal in a similar manner to tlmt of the horse bot fly. The -jattle lick off the eggs as the horse does from his okin. and these l*in}j; hatched, the grubn, instead of sta.v- mg in the Htomach as tliose of the liors« bot do, bore their way through the walls of the stomach into the large muwle of the loins, whero they live until maturity of the larvae, when they emerge from these places, fall on tJie ground, and hiding in some plare complete their transfnrmatioa into flies a^ain. One of the best means of preventing tlie attacks of these pests w to keep some L,inall pics iu the cow pas- ture; these will eagerly hunt for the grub» and devour them. Since this course has been pursued by some dairymen this pest has disapjyeared. DYSENTERY IN CALVES. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterlnaiy Expert.) G. D. B N. S.— Many calves in this neighbourhood are troubled with white scours, the milk seems t^ come from them as it was when fed. What is the cause and treatment? Ans. — This disease is due to inflammation of the int^^stines, including the stomach. There art many causes, as not giving the first milk of the cow to the calf when it is born, feeding sour milk, etc. The first niii.K is ai: indispensable food provided by nature for the first few days of the calf's life, and there is no substitute for it. Feed- ing weaned calves sour milk is a cause, also feeding ice-cold roots or giving too cold water to the cows. In fact it is often due to the wrong feeding of the cows asi on indigestible innutritious food Treat in this way: Give no milk except one quart of it boiled, or fresh from the well-fed cow. Give one ounce of castor oil shaken up in gum water or linseed tea, or infusion of slippery elm bark. After the oil has been given, next day give this mixtuie. One ounce of tincture of cinna- mon, one drachm of prepared magnesia, and one drachm of subnitrate of bismuth, well shaken up with half a pint of infusion of slippery elm bark or solution of gum arabic; one tablespoonful at a dose three times a (ii.y, immediately before on*»^ quart of boiled sweet milk cooled to the natural milk heat is f^d. This mixture is also an excellent reirn y: Ji^iual parts of tinc- tures of rhubarb, ginger, opium and cardo- mom seeds, given in full teaspoonful doses, adding a little milk, one hour before boiled FAMIIA' IIKllALI) . KTI.KINAUV Al)\ ISKll. fix'Kh milk Im fed. The cowh should be given outiiii'dl gruel or bi.iu .xnd linnecd maMb, in vli.vjh a heaping teaspoonful of n mixture rl equal parts of ground ginger, gentian and sulphate of ho^. is mixed, twice n day. EPILEPSY. (Qut'Mtloii UHkt'iI by Sub.scrlber apfl muwereil by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) J. C M.. N.B.— A tine cow has (its; bLo froths at the inouth, goes around two oi three times, and falls; becoineH quit<» stiff for two minutes, then struggles and gets up »*?emingly as well as ever. One of her horns has been broken off. When ehe ia in calf she isi all rifelt, but for four years has had these fits when milking. What is the cause and what can be done for her? Ans. — The disease is epilepsy, and is doubtless a consequence of some injury done to the brain when the horn was broken. An accident of the kind frequent- Iv results in this way. Nothing can bo one ei-cept an operation on tJie head to r^ oaove the pressure on the br-^in, which wculd scarcely be worth the t 'st of it. COW LEAKING MILK. (Question as^ked by S>ibscrlber and answered by Family Hera'.d Veterinary Expert.) S. B , Ont. — What will prevent a. cow from leaking her milk? Ans. — This is due to some malformation of the teat, the duct not closinji, by the prooer action of the muscle at the orifice of it. It is difficult to cure, as it is a natural defect. One way to prevent los.i of the milk is to milk the cow three times a day. You may try an application of oollodion, to be procured of a druggist, to the end of the teat after milking. This fluid dries quickly, and as it shrinks in drying it will draw the end of the teat, so as to clope the duct. It may lemedy the defect, but it must be used vfter every milking, and is thus a troublesome thing to do. If this is not effective get a soft rubber I md, and put it on the end of the teat after milkinp:. It should not b? tight enough to hurt the cow. BITTER MILK. (■Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert., M. J. B., N. Y.— The milk of a cow within three months of calving became bitter. She had garget. Please state the cause and the remedy. Ans.— There are mi miiiiy remons for milk bt'jig bitter that ii is ditfioult ♦o s-ay which o.ie of them in this ciise ruunid the trouble. A cow sh.Mild not cljann:e in thiv VAy at three months from the next calf; it itt not nt'cessary to dry u cow until Mn»' is within two moiitlis of the birlli oi a calf for the milk does not begin to change until within that time. If the cow was troiibled v/'th gargci this might have this offect, f(»* such impurity in the milk is to give one pound of Epsom salts dissolved in lin.seed gruel; after this has had its ef- fect give one drachm of podophyllin in a bran mash. Overfeeding with grain has this effect of disturbing the function o*-' the liver and makir,; the milk Impure, and it also encourages garget. STRIN(JY MILK. (Question asked by Subscrib 'r and answered by Family Herald Ve* r-.-Y Expert.) Dairymaid. — One o> our cows gives stringy milk; the milk conies in thick strings at times, and these are so tough that they may be drawn out by pulling them. What is the cause and cure: .Ans. — The cause, of this trouble is an in- fimmatory condition of the udder by .. aich the milk is diseased, and purulent fibrine is produced. Foment the udder with hot water, wipe it dry. and rub it gently with the hand with camphorated vaseline. Give one yound of Epsom salts, and repeat the second day if the first does not stop the trouble. If t-he thick milk does not come away easily inject into the teats a solution of saleratus in .varm water, and then milk it out after a fow minutes. This will dissolve this stringy matter, so that it may be drawn out eosily. Do not use the m.ilk whi'e this trouble lasts. ABORTION. (Question asked by Subscriber and ansvirered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) F. C. B. — Kindly give some v/ay of pre- venting abortion in cow?. Ana. — This disease is often general in a locality, beinr; due to some contagion which is widely spread. Once it happens in a herd it is likely to recur seasou after season, by reason of the infection c the 6 FAMILY HERALD \ KTERINARY ADVISER. I stable by the irritating germ by which it is produced. There is no question of its contagiousness, and it is to be treated ac- cordingly. The building should be thor- oughly disinfected, and the animals as well. It is sometimes starced by ergot in the fodder, as on grass or corn fodder, or by smutty straw. To avoid it in f'^ture, be careful to keep the animals in a cihriv- ing condition, to have the stable thor- oughly clean, to use no ergotted grass or hay, to ventilate the stables thoroughly, and to burn the ejected matter or bury it in some distant place, and deeply in the ground. When the disease happens again, wash the- cow and all the others in thf soiled parts with solution of one ounce of carbolic acid in a pailful of water. Every precaution is to be taken to destroy the germs of the infection, and to immediately remove the manure from the stable, lest this might affect other cattle. As soon as any unusual discharge is seen to escape from a ccw she should be removed ai.fi treated by herself. The active contagi- saess of the disease is to be distinctly recognized and all possible measures taken for the safety of the other cows. The most effective medicine so far used is one pint of infusion of black haw (Viburnum pruni- folium), given daily to each cow exposed to the disease. BLOODY MILK. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Hv raid Veterinary Expert.) P. M. — One of my heifer? 'las been giving bloody milk which has a disagreeable smell and the caii will rot take it. What is the cause and cure for thia? Ans. — When a young cow witli i.er first calf is affected in this way, it may be due to one of two causes. Either there is conges- tion of the udder by which the veins are overcharged with bloo-d, and the secretion of the milk is impia-fect, the blood not being changed into miik in the glands, but being gathered in the minute lobules of these glands; or the udder is inflamed and its natural action is partly impeded. Some young cows are entirely useless on account of imperfect action of the milk organs, and never give good n::lk, but mostly unchang- ed blood. This is at times a constitutional defect, and we think incurable. It mostly happens with heifers which are apt to make fat instead of milk, and such animals are, of course, unfitted for the dairy. If the animal is not constitutionally imperfect in this way, the treatment should be as fol- lows: Give one pound of Epsom salts and repeat tJie second day. Foment the udder with hot water in which poke root has been infused, then rub it gently with camphorated soap liniment. Give two drachms of the fluid extract of poke root once a day in some thin gruel. Use the formentation twice a day. Feed only bran mash a little warm, and no other grain food. Frequently thi>s trouble is due to overfeeding before the calf is born. At this time all cows should be fed on the least stimulating food. Hay, with a bran mash once a day is sufficient feeding for two weeks before the calf is born. COW POX. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) I'. L.-^A COW was giving six quarts of milk twice a day. Was in good condition. Then a sore came on the teat and the teat was badly swollen. Now there are three more sores forming on the teat, and the cow is now giving only half the former quantity. What is the trouble, and how is it to be treated? Ans. — The trouble seems to be cow pox, and if the sores are round and red, and in time have a scab over them you may be sure of it. The treatment is simple, for there is no way of stopping the disease un- til it has run its course of two to three weeks. Apply carbolated vaseline to the teat, or part of the udder where the sores may appear. If the teats are too sore to milk use a milking tube of silver, which any drug store mil get for you. No medicine is required, only warm bran mashes and warm slop of middlings for drink. Beware of exposure to cold, esj}ecially wet cold. This disease is exceedingly contagious and generally runs through the h- /d. COW FAILED TO CLEAN. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) R. W. G., ]\k.— When a cow fails to part with the afterbirth, the condition is not such as to require any hand work to remove the membranes, unless it is done by a skilled person. Then the oiled hand is inserted, and by the ends of the fingers the attachments of the membranes to the inner surface of the womb, which are quite numerous, may be carefully loosened. But in the majority of cases this may be left to nature, as the ret-^ined matter will gradually drop away. In this case, to avoid i any danger, give one ounce dosea of hypo- FAMILY HERALD VETERINARY ADVISER. sulphite of soda daily in warm gruel or bran mash. Continue this for a week or two if necessary. This trouble is commonly prevented by giving the cow a few hours after the birth of the calf a stimulating mess of warm gruel, with a heaping table- spoonful of sugar, and of a mixture of equal parts of gentian, ginger and sulphate of iron twice a day. IMPACTION OF THE RUMEN. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary, Expert.) A. A. G. — I have lost four cows with stoppage of the bowels, which were filled with dry food, as well as the stomach. Gave Glauber salts and linseed oil without avail. Gave small doses frequently. What is the cause and treatment in this case? Ans. — The cause of this disesise is acute indigestion, the food remaining in the sto- mach undigested, and forming a hard, compact mass. The small frequent doses were wrong; the dose should have been large, so as to have an immediate effect on the stomach, and as well as the salts, copious drinks of warm water, or of thin linseed gruel should have been given. When the dung of an animal is found to be dry and hard, and the bowels slow to act, immediate attention should be given. The food should be changed to some soft, semi-liquid kind, as linseed and bran mash, and a heaping teaspoonful of a mixture of equal parts of ground ginger, gentian and sulphate of iron, given three times a day for ten days, in the mash. The supply of water should be abundant; four gal- lons at least will be needed daily by a cow through the dry feeding in cold wea- ther. This water should be drawn from a well; the colder water has the effect of cliilling the stomach and producing this very condition. RINGWORM. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) W. G., Ont.— This disease, which appears as round scaly patches, chiefly about the head or neck, but sometimes on other parts of the body, is easily cured by washing with hot water with carbolic soap, then painting the spots or patches with tincture of iodine. It is contagious, and will spread to other animals unless care is taken to prevent it. The stalls or other places on which diseased animals may scratch themselves .should be well washed with hot lime, in wliich carbolic acid is freely mixed. GOITRE, OR SWELLING UNDER THE JAW. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) ■ J. R. D., Ont. — A cow has a swelling un- der the jaw, which ia soft and not sore. What is the disease and the treatment? Ans. — This is a disease of the gland un- der the throat, known as the thyroid gland. It is inheritable, as well as due to the use of hard water for drink. Treat by giving small doses of iodine in the form of iodine of potassium, a drachm daily for two weeks. Also apply tincture of iodine exter- nally once a day. Give soft water, and feed linseed meal, one pound daily, with cornmeal, in cut fodder. Give a regular supply of bait daily. One or two ounces every day is desirable at this time of the year. NASAL CATARRH. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) Mrs. H. B. S. — A fine Ayrshire cow has a heavy cough, and seems to have difficulty in breathing. The eyes are inflamed and red, and discharge matter at the corners near the nose. What is the cause and treat- ment? Ans. — This is nasal catarrh, which extends to the bronchial tubes, thus causing the cough. Treat as follows: Give one ix)uud of Epsom salts, to which add one ounce of chlorate of potash. Feed warm bran mashes twice in the day, adding to them half an ounce of the chlordte of potash. Keep the animal protected by a blanket tied around it. Continue this treatment a week or ten days, but give the warm mashes daily, adding to each a heaping teaspoonful of a mixture of equal parts of ground ginger, gentian and sulphate of iron. Be sure to card and brush the cow at least once a day. This excitement of the skin will be very useful. OPEN JOINT. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) S. E. T., N.Y,— A Jersey heifer has rn open sore on the gambrel joint, which dis- charges a thick yellowish matter. What treatment is required? Ans, — This is what is called an open joint, and the discharge is the synovial fluid or "joint oil." The age of the wound— two years — is a serious obstacle to healing it. Do not inject any oaustio j^i.'^tter into the wound, but apply i>oultices to reduce in- 8 FAMILY HERALD VETEEINARY ADVISER. I flammation, and consult some lo^^^l vetmn- arv if possible. Give one pound of Epsom Sts and foUow this daily for two or three wSs with one level tablespoon ul of ■} mSture of equal parts of ^^o^-^ |'S gentian and sulphate ot iron F^^ ;[|" Slashes, and if you cannot do «"y '^^t^'^ use any good standard hniment, keeping Ze Tre Constantly protected, ^y l^anda^es sewn around it, so as not to interfere with the motion of the joint. TUBERCULOSIS. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) J McD , Que.— What are the symptoms of tubercuoffls. Does this disease originate fn cattle BPontaneouBly? What treatment is needed for it? . • j-u Ans— The first obvious symptom is the cattle' become thin, then the eyes are bright, the nose is dry; a cough deep, and becoming painful, occurs; diarrhoea is common in such disease, and m time the couh becomes distressing, the animal De- comes weak and loses flesh rapidly, until the weakness is such that the animal tails to eat, and the breathing becomes short, rapid and the flanks heave at every breath. The disease may be considered incurable ui'dier whatever treatment may be given, but occasionally an animal may recover with the loss of a part of a lung, and the disease becomes dormant, but likely to break out again at the least exposure to cold, and then death rapidlv occurs. It is probable that the milk or flesh of such an animal is infectious to persons using it. and the cow so diseased should not be used for any purpose. There are agents ot the Government appointed to examine such cases, and you should have the anima! tested without delay. This disease does not occur spontaneously, but it is intpc- tious, and is apt to spread to other cattle in tlie sfiiiie stable, or to be inherited by the caJves- (Question aplted bv Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) D. R. M., Idaho.— Sore feet, due to in- flammation of the skin between the toes, should be treated in this way: Wash the feet in warm water, and clean out the spaces between the toes, then apply washes of alum water, in which drop a little carbolic. Then apply some of this mixture: Two oiiiues of bee.swax. two ounces of white resin, melt and add eight ounces of pure lard, four ounces of turpen- tine and one ounce of carbonnate of cop- per 'Strain it, and keep it clean for use at kny time when it may be needed. Bind the sore feet in strips of cloth, passing the clothTetween the toes to protect the sore nart from dirt or gravel. Feed some soft Za to keep the bowels loose Be sure there is no smut or mildew on the food. Ihis is a frequent cause of this disorder. RED WATER. (Question a-=ked by Subscriber a"'^ answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) J W— A beef cow is troubled with red water. What is the remedy, aud will it in- iure the meat? , . j- j i Ans— This disease is due to disorder ot the liver by which the blood is ™ade im- pure and the imnunties pass off through the kidnevs. As these impurities reach the kidneys through the blood of the animal, thev must have an injurious effect on the flesh for the time being. So that, ""ti1 by good treatment, the disease is stopped, the flesh wiU be affected iniunously. Treat as follows: Give one pound of Epsom salts and after this has operated, give soft food as bran and linseed mashes, in Avhich give one tablespoonful level of a mixture oi equal parts of ground ginger, gentian and sulphate of iron, continued for ten days or two weeks. It will require three or four weekd to wholly restore the flesh to a pro per condition for use. Otherwise the meat will be dark and have a disagreeable flav- oiur. Good meat is only procured from healthy animals. INJURED TEAT. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) W. H. D., Minn.— A cow split one teat clear to the centre, and about two inches in length. She was in full milking, and the wound did not heal. When the cow was dry the edges of the wound were cut and stitched. For a week it seemed to be doing well, then a discharge of thick milky mat- ter appeared and the wound opened. What can be done for the cow? She will calve in about a month. Ans.— The treatment was not •sufficient: the stitched wound should have been pro t/^cted by wrapping of surgeons' adbesivo plaster.applied in strips wound around the t^at. It may be the case that this injury was done by another cow stepping on the teat, both at first and afterwiird«. It is a difficult matter, but if your family doctor i.=i consulted, doubtless lie will give you sufficient advice. In the treatment of FAMILY HERALD VETERINARY ADVISER. 9 "wounds it is necessary to jjrotect the parts which are stitched from all possible in- junts afterwards, and even to put the animal in slings if necessary to prevent it lying on the wound. It is doubtful if any treatment will be successful after this lapse of time. DIFFICULT URINATION. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) . P. M., N. S.— When there is difficulty m passmg the urine, and this is bloody at times, the cause is spasm of the neck of the bladder, and when this takes the form of contraction the urine dribbles in a smaJl stream. For this disease give half a drachm ot powdered nux vomica daily for a few days. Alternately with this give two drachms of balsam of copaiba. Bathing the body between the hind legs with hot wa- ter frequently may give relief. Feed lin- seed meal in cut feed warmed with hot water. Give no bran for some time, but only soft mucilaginous food, or fresh root? CHRONIC DIARRHOEA. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by lamily Heruld Veterinary Expert.) W. H. J., Ont.— A cow has had looseness ot the bowels for several months, and is thin and poor. Eats -ell sometimes, and sometimes eats nothing. What can be done tor her? Ans.— The disease is chronic diarrhoea ot which tnere may be several cause? lape worms uifest cattle, and their pres- ence ID th«» intestines produces diarrhoea and variable appetite.besidea giving a roi^gh appearnce to the hair, with a tightJv drawn skm. The presence of the Avorm will be verified by the detection of the ripe segments passing through in the dung It this IS the cause treat as follows: Give three ounces of turpentine in oatmeal gruel, from a long-necked bottle or a drenching horn. Repeat this three times once daily; then give one pound of Epsom salts, and watch the appearance of the seg- mentn of the worma. passing in the dung Anything by vhich the cow's condition 18 weakened m^^ make mischief when the cow calves, but in this case there is no serious cause for apprehension. Feed the cow well, give warm oatmeal, and bran mash, with one level tablespoonful in each of a mixture of equal parts of ground gin- ger, gentian, and sulphate of iron, daily • '•I <» TrvVK L't ten un}'3 ur lunger, if thought desirable. EVERSION OF THE VAGINA. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) F. E. G., Me.— A cow five years old had tvsrin calves in October. Since then ehe has shown no desire for service. When lying down a soft substance appears in the pass- age that looks red, and a white discharge occurs sometimes. Otherwise she seems quite well. What is it and Avhat treatment is needed? Ans. — This is eversion of the vagina, due to a relaxed condition of the nervous system and having no relation to the twin calves. It happens freqirently in cows which stand on sloping floors and whose system is debilitated by any inflammatory condition. That this is the case is shown by the discharge, which is due to catarrh of the uterus and adjacent parts. Treat as follows: Give a level tablespoonful of this mixture: Sulphate of iron, one part; gin- ger, two parts; gentian, two parts, black pepper, one part. Give it in warm linseed gruel or thin mash. Feed bran mashes ''nd cut hay, with a few sliced carrots or beets. Lay the stable floor with the slope for- ward a little. If the discharge does not cease very soon, give the cow one pound of Epsom salts, and aftex twenty-four hours give in the mash a solution of one ounce of hyposulphite of soda, which con- tinue daily for four days. THREAD WORMS IN THE THROAT. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) A J. McC, p. E. I.— A cow has had a hacking cough three years, which seems to be caused by something in the throat. Is It caused bv worats in the throat? The whole trouble seems as if there were some oh'^truction in the throat. Ans.— Doubtless your supposition is cor- rect. Cattle are frequently troubled in this way by a small thread worm, which lives in the breathing passages, and by clogging the passage with mucus, in which they gather in bunches, they cause this kind of cough. The disease is most common in calves (that is, the difficuJty in the breath- ing), and we must believe that they exist in the same way in the cows and from them they get into the calves. Treat in this way; Mix two ounces of turpentine in a pint of milk, or thin sweetened oat- meal gruel milk-warm may be used in- stead of the milk. Give this as a drench twice a day for a Aveek. Then stop a week, and, if netef*sar.v, re-cat another week, and ^o continue until the disease is removed 10 FAMILY HERALD VETERINARY AD\'ISER. LAUREL POISONING. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) J. A. K., Mass.— What is the proper treaitraent tor poisoning by laurel, the so- called kalmia, of both the narrow-leafed and broad-leafed varieties? Ans. — It is a wise precaution to rid the farm of these injurious plants, and it their beauty of flower is thought worthy ol recognition to keep them only in the gar- den. The symptoms of poisoning by these plants, the leaves of which are often eaten by cattle, are foaming of the mouth, distress- ing sickness and giddiness. When these symptoms are seen the animals ishould be taken up and treated in this way. Give first half a pint of very strong, warm coffee, followed in fifteen minutes by a copious doze — half a pint for a large calf— of castor oil or raw linseed oil. The first stimulates and strengthens the nervous 's:v'stem, and the oils rid the animals ot the poison. If these remedies are given in time, before the animal collapses, a cure is almost certain. The oil should be repeat- ed every hour until the stomach and bow- els are emptied of the poison. thoroughly into the skin. Keep the stable perfectly clean and free from dust, and do not permit fowls to roost or make nests in the stables or barn. LICE. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by 1. uJiHiy Herald Veterinary Expert.) W. A. K.— The presence of such an easily prevented parasite on cattle as lice, indi- cates some serious neglect or mismanage- ment. In any well-kept stable these nox- ious insects must be impossible. They breed in impure matter as stale litter, old manure, and dust from the hay or fodder, and especially in the gathered manure ot poultry or horses. If cows are well brush- ed and carded daily, as should be the rul , these vermin could not annoy them. To rdieve the cows have them brushed daily at least, and carded at least once a week. This will put the skin in such a heaithv condition that lice could not exist having nothing to feed on. Lice are scav- enger.s and live on filth, and on the im- pure secretions of the skin, as well as* upon the hair itself, like the bird lice which also frequently infest cows and horses. Some species suck the blood of animals, and all breed in dr\' manure and the dust of stable. Treat as follows: Brush and card the cows thoroughly, and apply carbolated vaseline freely, well brushed into the skiii. Or use the kerosene emulsion made by dissolving soap in hot water, half a pound to the quart, and ono fourth .as much kero- sene, and shake in a bottle until a cream v mixture is made, and when cold brusVi it RHEUMATISM. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) A. M.— A cow has been troubled by a swollen knee, and was quite lame; recover- ed in part, but is worse again; suffers much pain and is thin. Has been fed for fattening, but gets thinner all the time. What is the disease and the treatment? Ans. — The disease is inflammatory rheu- matism, which is to be treated as follows: Give a pound and a half of Epsom salts, and when this has operated give one ounce doses of saltpetre in bran mash twice a day. Foment the diseased joint (or joints, for the disease may change from one part to another) with hot water, and then ap- ply any good liniment, rubbing it into the softened skin. Feed bran mashes re- gularly and give salt liberally, with three times a -vrf ek a heaping teaspoonful of a mixture of equal parts of ground ginger, gentian and sulphate of iron. INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) R. C, P. E. I.— A COW draws up her back when she is milked, and when the hand is pressed on her back. A little water drops from her when she is milked. Is the milk fit for use, acd what will cure the trouble? Ans.— Give the cow a pint and a half of raw linseed oil. When this has operated, give three ounces of solution of acetate of ammonia, and thirtv drops of tincture of aconite, in half a pint of linseed tea. Bathe the loins with hot water several times a day. In four hours after the first dose, give twenty drops of aconite, and in four hours after, give fifteen drops, and again in four hours give ten drops. Foment the loins continually until relief is gained. The milk in this condition is not pleasant to use, on account of the absorption of urine into the blood. GARGET. (Que.stlon asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) G. H. E.— Garget is inflammation of the udder, and may affect a part o- the whole of it. It is an inflammatory condition of the part ai^ected, by which the milk se- creting organs or tissues are disabled, and i i f V 1 n c t n t: e V X- r FAMILY HERALD VETERINARY ADVISER. 11 the milk is either wholly stopped, or h secreted in a diseased condition. The con- dition of the milJi organs is acid, and the milk, if discharged at all, is thick and viscous, and cornea from the teats in strings or clots, at times mixed with blood. The milk glands, too, may secrete purulent matter and not milk at all. The treatment in any case is to give the cow a cooling laxative, such as a full dose — a pound or a pound and a half — of Epsom salts; to bathe the udder with hot water, and then massage or rub, and gently press the gland, or the part of it affected (better in the majority of cases the whole udder, which is apt to sympathize with the affected part) and as v^ell to foment with hot water, and after the hardened part is oftened, to rub it well but gently with camphorated soap liniment. Every effort should be used to get away all the thickened milk or puru- lent matter, so as to relieve the congested part as much as possible, and therefore the milk should be taken frequently. In the meantime give the cow soft warm food as bran and linseed mashes, but not stimu- lating food. The most frequently prevail- ing cause is over-feeding with too stimula- ting food; but unskilful milkine and expo- sure to cold have a verj' bad effect on this exceedingly susceptible organ of the cow. One teat alone mav be affected, and, ot course this means the whole of that quar- ter of the udder, while the other quar- ters may be in good condition. The thick, diseased milk is unfit for use even by calves or pigs. SORE THROAT. (Question askerl by Subscriber anrl answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) W.A.S. — A coav is in good condition, but when her cud comes up she roars as if in great pain. What is the disease and how is it treated ? Ans. — The coav is suffering from sore in- flamed throat, due to exposure to cold or wet, and resulting chilling of the body. Treat as follows: Give soft bran and linseed mashes twice a day, with copious drinks of oatmeal gruel, in which one drachm of chlorate of potash. Foment the throat with hot wat^r, and then rub it well with a mix- ture of four ounces of strong liquor of am- monia, and the same of torpentine and olive oil. twice a day. Five or six days of this treatment will doubtless remove the dis- ease. Keep the animal in a warm stable, protected by warm covering and goood lit- ter. Continue the mashes with the chlo- rate of Dotash until full recovery. STRICTURE OF THE TEAT. (Question asked by Sabserlbcr and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert. 5 J. McP., B.C. — A cow has one teat that is closing up as it seems, and the milk canot be drawn without using a plug to open the passage. What i« the remedy ? Ans. — ^This stricture is doubtless due to a tumour in the milk duct, caused by some local inflammation. Treat as follows: Give one pound of Epsom salts. Proibe the teat carefully with an oiled elastic rod of smooth wood, but of some kind that is not brittle, A milking tube would 'be preferable. Ap- jily any good liniment to the teajt after fo- menting it with hot water. By examining the teat carefully with the fingers the ob- sitruction may be felt, and if necessary it should be cut by a spring knife concealed in a silver tube. A surgeon will do this for you if the pressiire of the plug is not sufficient. Make a small knob on the end of the plug to prevent possible slipping of it into the teat, which is to be guarded againait. HUSK IN CALVES. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family I[era!d Veterinary Expert.) G. W. M., Que. — Several yearling calves have ii dry cough; tliey seem to be choked at times, hold their heads down, and gasp for breath, and then cough as if some- thing is in the tkroat. What is the cause and treatment? Ans. — These calves are troubled by worms in the throat, and these cause this husky cough, and difficulty in breathing. The worms gather in bunches, and embed themselves in the mucus secreted by the lining membrane of the throat. Treat as follows: Before feeding in the mornings, for four days, give one full tablespoonful of turpentine, then stop for a week and re- peat, continuing for a week if there is no ixdief. A continuance of this treatment will relieve the calves in time. Give the turpentine with twice 't.s quantity of milk. WARIS. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) A. M., Nfld. — W^arts are imquestionably contagious and may be spread from plac« to place on an animal, or from one animal to another by a milker's hands,or any other mode of . .irrvinar th*^ neculiar growth of which they consist. This is a thickening of the papillae of the .skin. To destroy thein any corrosive substance may be usied, as 12 FAMILY HERALD N'ETERINARY ADVISER. tiijcture of iodine, a strong solution of sul- phate of copper (blue stone), or of lunar caustic. One who milks a cow thiis troubled on the udder and teats should carefully wash the hands before another cow is milked. Warts with a narrow stem may be destroyed by tyine a strong waxed thread tightly around tnem, so as to cut off the circulation of the blood, thus killing them. LUMPY JAW, OR ACTINOMYKOSIS. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by P'amily Herald Veterinary Expert.) H. J. R., N.W.T.— The hard lump on the jaw, which gathers and runs, and is not movable, is ^ue to the common disease known a« iuiiipy jaw, or actinomykosis. This disease affects the jaw-bone, and caus- es a swelling, due to a growth in the sub- stance of the bone. It is contagious, and may be contracted by infection by the sa- liva of some other diseased animal. The dis- ease may be checked, but the injury to the bone is incurable. Treat the anin^al in this way: Give one drachm of iodide of potas- sium daily in a bran mash, for a week. Then stop a week, and if the discharge from the nose occurs stop, a.s the disease will have been checked. Otherwise, repeat un- til the discharge is seen. SPINAL MENINGITIS. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) P. M. C. I., Ont.— A cow is dull, fails in flesh, wants to lie down all the time, and has no power over her tall. What is the disease and the treatment? Ans. — This is due to a disease of the siiinal cord, commonly known an meningitis, of which there are two kinds. One is due to disease of the kidneys, the other of the liver, the former being a result of the latter. Treat as follows; Give one pound of Epsom salts, and as soon as this has operated, give two drachms of podo- phyUin in bram and linseed mash, once daily for a week. Alternately with this give in the same A\ay a level tablespyoonful of a mixture of equal parts ground ginger, gentian and sulphate of iron, and continue ilaily for two weeks. Apply turpentine rubbed on the lower part of the spine twice a day. APTHA OR SORE MOUIH. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) D. W. A., N.Y.— A cow has blisters in her mouth, on her tongue, lips, and inside her cheekSj so that she will n»t eat. Is quite thin. Is her milk good for U95? What treatraeait will be proper in this cast? Ans.— The disease is aptha, or sore mouth, due to con;tinued indigestion and consequent disorder of the blood. Treat in this way: Dissolve one ounce of alun. in a quart of water. With a syringe wash the mouth out several times a day. Dis- ive chlorate of potash in water, leav- ing a little of it undissolved at the bottom, and with a sponge at the end of a rod, or w'ith a soft brush, paint the raw sores on the tongue or the cheeks. Give a pound and a half of Epsom salts, dissolved in gruel, and after this has opera;tied give the gruel with one ounce of hyposulphilte of soda dissolved iu it, twice a day. Feed bran and linseed mashes, with cut fodder wetted, and grind the grain food finely. Milk from a cow in this condition is unfit for food, even for a calf, to wtiicli it will almost sure- ly communicate this disease. INJURY IN CALVING. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) G. M., Que.— A cow had a large calf, with- out trouble, but soon after was lame and tender on her back. She is getting poor, had discharge of ill-smelling stuff soon af- ter. What is the matter with the cow? Ans. — The cow was strained in calving. Treat as follows: Give one pound of Epsom salts, with one ounce of chlorate of potash, in warm gruel. Bathe the loins over the tender part, with hot water. Apply any good active liniment to the part which is found tender on pressure by the fingers on the back. Feed warm mashes and oatmeal gruel. BARRENNESS. . (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) Subscriber, Man. — There is quite a con- siderable proportion of cattle that are bar- ren, both male and female, due to some natural disability. The animal of which you write is doubtless such an abnormal fe- male, for which nothing probably can be done iu any way. The semblance of milk in the udder, too, is by no means a rare thing; indeed, instances have occurred in which virgin heifers have produced milk, and milked for years without ever having had a calf. It is probably a helpless case ?~x\d the animal may be fed for beef. DISEASES OF HORSES. POLL EVIL. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) D G B. C— Two horses are sick; two lumps situated behind the ears have broken and have made nasty running ^res whch seem impossible to heal; sores are on side of lumps, not directly on top; one ot the horses has also broken out at root ot tail a dozen horses m this vicinity have bee" affected in the same way, and most ot them on each of top of head as described. Hoise^ get weak and altogether unfit for work Ans —The horses are suffenng from poll evil, a fistulous sore affecting the bones ot the neck at the top of the head or poll. It generally starts wtth a bruise twm stnlung the top of the. head against a low ceiling or doorway, rearing and falling back- wards, being struck with anything hard, or from the ust^ of too heavy a bndle. ihe treatment consists in opening the sore wen up, getting fco the bottom and making a low enough opening for the matter to run out. If it is hard, poultice it, then lance, and in- iect carbolic lotion, one of acid to twenty of water. Put in a seton if you have two or three openings, and dress with lodotorm ointment. Such casft^.as these you describe are hard to treat, and take a long tune to recover. SCRATCHES. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) J. D., Man.— Scratches or cracked heels are simplv chaps and cracks around the heels and' in the hollow of the pastern. They are usualy very simple, but sometimes quite severe, and require considerable per- severance to effect a cure. They are caused by exposure to cold mud, snow^ slush and ice-water, without proper care, in fall, win- ter and spring. The treatment is to give a dose of physic and apply hot bran or lin- seed poultices until the foot is healthy and clean-looking and the soreness has disap- B;ared. Then heal up with zinc ointment o not use water, either hot or cold, to ■^ygc-jj ihe feet iis it only irritates and keei)* them sore. LAMPAS. (Question asked by Subscriber and ar;?wered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) C C H., B. C— What is lampas, and how should it be treated? u»<,anmrv Ans.— I^mpas or lampers is an ""a«",^^ disease. It is supposedly some people that wnen a horse does not eat he must have lampas. and they proceed to burn out one or two or the bars of the roof of the mouth which are placed there by nature to prevent the food dribbling from the mo"th '™ ,t would do were it not tor these bars. They all point or turn uackwards towards the throat, and have a tendency to work the food back. Sometimes the bars nearest the incisors become inflamed, especially with colts when teething. If the bars are red, instead of a bright flesh ^^olour and extend below the teeth, take a penknife and lance them gentlv, but do not cut above the sec- ond bar. On no consideration countenance the burning of the roof of the mouth that was formerly practiced. LYMPHANGITIS, OR WEED. (Question asked by Subscriber an^i answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) G K., Man.— Horse was found in the morning with right hind leg swollen to twice its natural size ^rom right hoot up leg and inside thigh; half the sneath was swollen very hard- swelling at the inside ot the hock very bad; was ail right the night ]?6for6 Ans.— This is a case of lymphangitis, sorae- times called weed. It is a species of surfeit f>nd indicates a fat, plethoric condition ot the system. It often develops between Sat- urday night and Monday mormng, or it the horse is idle a few days and is getting the same amount of feed as when iie was w()rk- ing. Give a dose of physic and apply plen- ty of hot water, and it will disappear in four or five days. SPAVIN. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) .T. S.. N,S.— What are the first symp- i toms in spavin? 14 FAMILY HERALD VETERINARY ADVISER. Ana.— There i« generally a small en- larnement on the side of the hock. Ihe horse may go lame at timew, especially iii- ter a hard drive. On first going out he will be lame an'ngitis. Bli.=ter the throat with mustard, and steam the head with hot bran, into Avhich put a tea- .'sponnful of tincture of iodide. Do thi^ once a dav. NAVICULAR DISEASE. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by I''amlly Heiald Veterinary Expert.) A. M., Man. — Mare six years old, taken lame last August in front feet; when driv- en ten miles or so she can scarcely walk next day; took off shoe*, but made no dif- ference; feet seem smaJl for so large a horse, Ans. — This is a disease of the navicular bone situated inside the hoof and is in- curable. You can alleviate the soreness by blistering the tops of the hfs ami al- ways keeping them moist by jKiulticing once oir tAvice a week OPHTHALMIA. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Heiald Veterinary Expert.) P. S. — Horse tAvelve years', nearly blind; eyes look glassy; can see better at some distance aAvay. Ans. — The horse is suffenng from oph- thalmia, and Avill be subject to it every noAV and again, llixthe the eyes Avith hot Avater and dress twice a day Avith a lotion of one drachm of sulphate of zinc in a pint of Avater, STRINGHALT. (Question asked b>- Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) M. V. L., Ont. — Mare has stringhalt; noticed her first in beginning of November; worse when first sitarting off; doe'< not show when trotting, only Avhen AAvilk'ng. Ans. — This is of nervous origin. There is an operation Avhich is ]ierfonned for it, but not Avith any great success. OPEN JOINT. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) A. A.. N.W.T.— ^lare got kicked on in- side of hock joint Avith a sharp shoe; cut about an incdi deep; discharging yelloAV matter; bathe Avitli carbolic wash three times per day; does not seem to do much good; swelling still incrtasing; flesh groAV- ing out of the AAOund; cannot tell whether it is proud flesh or not. Ans. — Y'ou have a case of open joint, which Avill take six AA-eeks to repair, and maybe not then. Sling the animal and put on cold linseed poidtices. over Avhich spread equal parts of oxide of zinc, alum and flour before applying. Do not disturb for tAvetnty-four hours, and .epeat afrain. Iceeping the .aninia] on br.an maal'.fs til! cnr- ed. 10 FAMILY HERALD VETERINARY ADNISER. CONDITION POWDERS. (QUf'Htlon u.sk*(i by .SubHCi Iber luui answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) C. W. R., Assa.— Please five nw a re- ceipt for a comlition powder to act on th»» blocKl and kidneys of horses. , , , ^ AriH.— The following i*t on.- ot the best condition powders: Pound fr>r pound of each of tlie followinK: Saltpetre, sulphate etic; dose, ;i tableHptH.nliil of the mixture twice a day in feed. STRANCILES. (QufHtlon asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) Subscriber, N.S.— Young horse took cold, and swelled i?; throat ; treated him for >triiimle« for twelvi; days; throat broke iu five places; i)oulticed it; running from the nose all the time; at the end of twelve days got worse; breathed hard, refused to eat or drink; lived this way for five days get- ting worse; tlun died; sick altogether 8:!ven- teen days; last day of his life discharge from no>*e got quite offensive; would try to lie down but could only stay down a few minutes as he seemed to smother. Ans.— This was a case of strangles, which is a specific blood poison peeuliar to horses, and usually confined to young ones. It depends upon a morbid condition of the sys- tem, and is contagious. The poison in the blood usually manifests itself in large ab- scesses around tlie throat, but it sometimes takes a very different course, breaking out in abscesses on any part of the body, and sometimes no abscesses gathei at all. It very often gets into the lungs and causea blood poisoning such a.s happened in your case. Tlie treatment is to poultice the swellings, steam the head with hot bran, and gargle with chlorate of potash. CONGESTION OF LUNGS. (Question aslfed by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) W. E. R., Ont.— Colt eight months old, took sick one night and died next day at eleven; was apparently very little wrong with him; the only sign that he was sick was that he hung his head and looked sleepy; after death white foam and blood came out of nostrils. What was the mat- ter with him and what treatment should have been given? Anis.— The colt died from acute conges- tion of the lungs, due either to drinkina: cold water or being exposed to a draught. The treatment is to give whiskey in one- ounce doses every houi- in a pint of water; apply mustard to chest and sides, blanket the horse and keep him warm. PURPURA. (Question aaked by SubHcrlber and an'HWorod by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) G. A. K., Alta.— Mare fotir years old be gan to fail quite fast about two weeks ago; watery blotches appeared under the skin, which discharged yellowish fluid ; hair is all drooping ;mt, ;.:ter w'.iich d y scurP comet off tor'several days; hair is now all off head, sides and bellv, leaving skin perfectly bare; small flat puff on belly in front of navel; when pressed by finger leaves dent for sev eral seconds; seemis bloated a little at times; eats and drinks well; bowels regu- lar; water was quite milky; seems a little tender on back over kidneys at times. \,ii^._'niis ia a case of purpura hemorr- liagica, a disease resulting from an impover- ished condition of the blood. Give a dose of one ounce of turpentine in a pint of raw linseed oil and follow it up with half an ounce of tincture of iron in half a p-nt of linseed oil dailv. Give bran mashes and carruts. Leave the spots alone— they will heal up. ITCHY LEGS. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) W. T., N. W. T.— Mare for the last few months has been subject to itchiness from hoof up to flank of hind legs; now com- mencing to bite front ones; legs do not swell; hair rubbed off in places; skm seems a little rough, but not greasy; sweats eas- ily if worked. Ans.— This is generally seen in hairy legged horses. The mud r.ad dirt get into the hair and it is almost impossible to get it out. It is also caused by mites. Put a handful of washing soda in a bucket of hot water and with a scrubibng brush scrub the legs well, after wl. 'h dress daily with carbolic acid, one ounce to a quart of lin- seed oil. DIRTY SHEATH. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary. Expert.) D. R. N., N.S. — Horse ten years old, not worked very hard, gets five quarts oats and a quart of bran with good hay; used to be active and lively on road, but this FAMILY IIKKALI) \ LTERINARY ADVISER. n fall in very «liill nnd lazy; when driving takes II lonjz tiim- ti) pawH water; shoath ift clogged up witli dry black Htiiff, with an extremely ntrong smell. Ans. — The sheath is dirty, due to ne- glect. It Hhould be washed out every month Take a »i)onge, hat water and noap and ■wash it. Also give two drachms of nitrate of potash daily in feed. THRUSH, (Question asked by Subscriber anrl answered by I'^uiuUy llerttlil ^'eterlnary Expert.) J. W., Ont.—Horfie is subject to thrush; last time he had it worked up into heel where it broke about three weeks ago, and since that time heel has been running mat- ter; is not lame. . Ans. — This disease is mostly found in badly drained damp stables, and is caused by standing in manure. Have the black- fimith trim off the frog, poultice for a few days with hot carrots, then dress daily with one drachm each of alum and calo mel. CASTRATINC} A C;OLT. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterln;>ry Expert.) S. S. R., Ont. — At what age should a colt be altered? How is the ojieration perform- ed? Is it dangerous? Ans.— This operation should be performed at two years old, leaving the colt time to fill out. Feed him bran for twenty-four hours, then cast him, and with a sharp knife cut through the scrotum, release the testicle and apply the ecraseur. Then do the same with the other one. Always cut the under one first. The dangers are blood poisoning and hemorrhage. FISTULOUS WITHERS. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) A. H., B.C. — Draught mare was hit by working mate last autumn, and lump came on upper point of shoulder blade near with- ers; now somewhat larger and swollen; is sore to the touch. Ans. — ^Apply hot linseed poultices, and when soft lance it and open it to the boc tom, then inject carbolic lotion one lart of acid to fifteen of water. RUPTURE. (QuoHtlon asked by SuIihitIIht nnd answerer; by Family Herald Ve|<'rlnary lOxpert.) En(|uirer.— Colt nine months old has protuberance near sheath not unlike a rupturt; can be pressed in place, and noth- ing noticeable except a hard ridge. If rrp- tured can he be permanently cured with- 3ut an operation? Ans. --This can be |)ermanently cured il care is taken of it at once. Push the bowel well up and draw the edges of the skin together and put on a clamp, or in- sert a skewer and twist on some stitching silk in the shape of an 8. TEETHING. (Que.ttlon asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterlnnry Expert.) T. R. J., Ont.— Colt, seven months old. had distemper shortly after weaning; hacl a cough, ever since; last summer she grew well; about a month ago, her cough got worse, and her water very white and thick; her hide is covered Avith dandruff, with a few scabs along the top of tho neck; she is losing her teeth; drive her a little. Ans. — When a colt is teething it causes it a certain amount of pain, and it will not feed, and the system gets run down. Coax it along with boiled feed, carrots, etc., and as the teeth fall out and are re- placed she will regain her appetite. COLD. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) J. W., McE. — Horse five years old in the spring; got cold about a month ago; V. S. said he had pneumonia, and treated him for same; has a very bad cough, and also very windy Avhen coughing; running ter- ribly about the nose; small lump under glands on left side; eats well and looks well; have been giving powders for cough, but does not seem to do any good; am not working him. Ans.— Steam the head with hot bran, blister the throat, and give one of the fol- lowing twice a day in feed: Saltpetre, three ounces; digitalis, one ounce; cam- phor, one ounce; sulphate of iron, two r, duces. Mix and make twelve powders. FRACTURED LEG. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) J. F., N. S. -Colt fell on ice sis weoks ago, and broke hind leg half way between 18 FAMILY IIKHAIJ) VKTKIUXARY ADVISER. hock iin«' HtiHe joint; is in slings. Ifnw long must 111' ho Ui'ftt that wny? In what time shouUI thr Ixtne hrulV AnH.--Ki'fp hitn in wliiiKH and put on a phirttiT of I'aris h.indagc. It will tala- mix weeks to mend. SUPPlTRATIXr! LEG. (Question nsljid \>y SulisirUier iiml nn^Wfri"! Iiy Kiinilly Htralil Vtit rliiniy ICxpfrt.) M. |{. 1*.. N. S.— Mare five years np;n cut hind leg in wire fence just abov.> anide- joint on liont of leg; wlien it healed left the k'h' larne and in tent re something like a core that woidd iinm out and pee' off; liiHt .January ^;ot through the ioe and tore off core: very large; it not heal Ana. — Injeet solution ol' one teen of water, seed Doulticos. haw run ever since; leu is in not lame, but sore will iw'ice a day a little of a part of carbolic a.'id in (if- and poultice with hot 'in- BOG SPAVIN. (Question nskrfl t>.v Siiliscrlbpr nnd answered t^j- Family Herald Veteiinary Kxport.) M. A., N. S.~Mare sixteen years old has hiul a small bog or blood spavin for three years; also noticed last summer lumr> about half the size of a small egg between fetlc k and hoof on inside; was never lame till last summer; knuckles over when coming out of stable; sore when drawing I;ard; Avorse when starting. Ans*. — This is due to spavin of the ho 'k. If ti:oroughly well Itlistovcd a id rested ior two weeks it will come out all right. Blis- ter from the hock down to the hoof. by WARTS. (Quowllon as^ki'd by Suliscribcr and answered Family Herald A'eterinary Kxpert.) P. Bros., B. C. — Inside of filly'.' ears are covered with hard gray spots about the fcizc of Avheai kernels, that look like warts Ans.— Cut these off' Avith a sharp knife and dress with caustic (nitrate of silver). SWELLIN(i ON LEG. (Questldii fiskeil \>y Subserlliir nnd anHwerfd uy Family Herald Velerlnury Expert.) 8. p., N. B.— Horse struck inHide of leg two inciieH below Unee Home ten wet^ks ago; five weeks ago had him iti deep snow; ne.xt day leg was swollen fnuu hoof to sluudder and veiy lame; gathered ami broke, and got better; drove him three miles and it broke again after diiving; is getting better, but is still swelled at knee. Ans.— Bathe witt'. hot water and apply after bathing a fiannel bandage soaked in a solution of one ounce of sugar of lead to tt pint of water. You may ha\e a per- maneiit bWHlling. SPRAIN IN FOOT. (Question nsked by Subscriber and answered b\ Family Herald Veterinary lOxpert.) J. J. A.. ^lan.— Horse has rprain in cords of left front foot: lameness is in joint: have Avorked the horse very little since hurt: Jia^c used liniment Avith little effect. Ans. — A^ you ha\'c tried liniments Avith no good results, blister it Avell Avith the folloAving: Biniodine of mercury, one (haelirn; can:h=n'idea, one drachm: lard, e;ght drachm-. Rest for tlaee Aveeks. INDIGESTION. (tiiiestlun iii-ked l).v HiiliHeril)er and answiTed by Family Herald X'eterlnary Kxpert.) Mrs, J. F. — Mare formerly in good health stopped eating fion\n four months ago; about two W(cks auo Un^k very bad -pell and lay down; eats sometimes as well as ever; seems to be a rattle in her inside and Avlien that comes on she lies down; feed her twelve (juarts oats i er day and all the hay she can eat. Ans — Th<^ mare has indigestion. Change the diet co.npletely. r.nd give a dose of physic and follow it up Avith the follovv- ini.': Aromatic spirits of ammonia, one ounce; tincture of nu\ vomica, one ounce; comi)ound tincture of gentian, one ounce: Avater, one pint; mix. Give a Avineglassful twice a day. NEEDS A TONIC. Question asked by Subsoribei and answered by Fainil.\- Hera lei A'eterinary tOxpert.) Subscriber. Ont. — Horse about fifteen years old, in poor condition; fed ground oats and straw and one tablespoonful ev- eiy other night of a mixture of salts, one pound; baking soda, one j'nmd; saltpetre, one half pound, and suljihur; teeth A'ery good, but Avht-n Avhole oats i)assed, some not broken. Ans. — You are not treating the horse projijrly. What he Avants is a tonic and ,;tn)wn can IN buck |iart of I waLer a little mi Ana. -This is dut li'ltv h'i'\ two to eg and move hoot omething gritxling inches above joint; the shoe and bliwte. dide of mercury ointment, biniodide to eight of lard, month. a sprain. Take off well with the binio- two i)arts Rest for ot a TNFLAMMATFON OF 1 .TE LUNGS. (Question aHk*»d by Subscriber and answered by Family Heiald Veterinary Expert.) Rrand)le, X. W. T.- I"'i\e year old horse was on pasture wtih free access to slough water aUuig with the other horses; got tiuite weak, off feed, and wasted in flesh; vent veiv opened and i)assed wind; tai' dead-liK' uioiith warm but tongue not dry; vei. jtrfscribed, but withotit seeing horse; thought he was dying one night after lying down; had not lain down for twelve or fifteen days previously; was then slightly swollen under girth, but swelling was gone next morning; is still weak, but improving: am afiaid to feed anything; give him bran mash and hay, and gave a pint of linseed oil to-day Ans.— Put the horse in arm, dry sta- ble. Mustard the sides and give linseed tea, beer, gruel, or such like to keep up the strength, with a wineglassful of the following in it twice a day: Aromatic spirit.s of ammonia, three ounces; sweet spirits of nitre, three ounces; tincture of aconite, one drachm; water, one pint. Feed carrots. ai>ples. or an^-thing he will eat to keep his strength up. * When coming to his feed again and getting stronger, give mo- derate exercise daily. ENLARGED LEG. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) C. H. A., N. W. T.— Horse had water farcy in August; leg was swelled very b.adly; gave him salts and oil, bathed the leg with hot wormwooil and hops, nd it was doing well; was advised to use hot water alone; did so, and leg sot worse; swelling has all gone; but leg is still swell- ed badly; goes down somewliat when he is worked, but next morning is all swelled lip again. 20 FAMILY HKRALD \'tTERINARY ADVISER. ■ Ans.— Give one drachm of iodule of ))0- tassium daily in the t'cfd, and rub the fol- lowing on the leg: Sugar of lead, one ounce; tincture of arnica, one ounce; wa- ter, one pint. Rub on, and soak a band- age in this and put on, covering with a dry one. Do this at night, and keep work- ing him. SPINAL MENINGITIS. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert. ^ I. McE., Ont.— Horse about fifteen years old. kept for driving; one of working horses got lame and he had to work, idoughing fallow and drawing grain; about six weeks ago began to drag his feet and keep going at the left ^ide; looks as if he might fall on the shaft of the buggy; start.-" l)retty well but gets worse if he goes a mile or so; eyes are dull; eat; well and is in good order. I Ans.— This is a case of spinal meningitis. Change the diet and give half a drachni of iodide of potassium in the feed twiv-e a day. DISTEMPER IN MARE. (Question aslted by Subscriber and answered by Family Heiald Vet^ninary Expert.) A. J. M. — Mare five years old took dis- temper over a year ago: is still running at the nose; appears to be in good health, but very thin; " ..sticates her food but does not seem able ti swalloAV it; when .she eats hay chews it up fine and p.a-tially swallows it tlien throws it out, n:atler that runs from nose has disagreeable smell. Ans. — Blister the thi'oat, steam the head with hot bran into which put a teaspoou- i.'ul of tincture of iodine, and give one drachm of suli)liate of iron twice a day in feed. WARTY GROWTH. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert. X J. N. M. L., N.S. — Mai-e has small luni)) somewhat soft and bare of haii-, like a wart, growing on right corner of forehead, between forelock and ear: is moveable, but seems to be attached to bony jiart of ear; has been growing for five or six months and is over an inch in diameter. Ans.— This is of a warty nature, and is easily removed with a sharp knife. Cut it around and clean off, then heal up with a solution of one ounce of sugar of lead and stilphate of zinc to a pint of water. If it should bleed very much apply FiiarV jial- sam. :\iANGE. (Question a«ked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) W. S. U. W., Que.— My horse has got the mange or itch; hrst noticed it two weeks ago; have been rubbing it with lard, sul- phur and carbolic acid, but does not seem to check it; have been told it will not , leave till the horse is on the gra?s. What is the treatment? Ans.— Give a mild dose of i)hysic, and af- ter he has taken it follow it up with one ounce of Fowler's solution once a day in tJie drinking water. Dre.*s the spots with a two per cent, solution of creolin. BLOODY URINE. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) Subscriber's Son. N.W.T. — Five-year-old mare in foal, has bloody urine when travel- iir ; fast and passes water very often, but very little at a time; worked hard; is set- ting thin in flesh; when travelling goes sideways. Ans.— Give the following: Bicarbonate of potash, two ounces; tincture liyoscyamus, four ounces; water, one pint. A wineglass- ful in a cup of water once a day. liLOOD WARTS. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) Mrs. D. McC— Hor.'-e has blood Avarts; quite a number of small ones and OTie on his head as large as a beet; had them cut off, but they are as large as ever. Ans. — Dress them lightly once a day with nitric acid. wor:ms. (Question a.sked by Subscriber and answered by Familj- Herald Veterinary Expert. 2. N. B. M. — A mare in foal, a four-year-old pony, and a five-months-olcl colt have pin- worms. What is the treatment for each? Ans. — Give the mare a change of diet. On an empty .stomach give a quart of raw linseed oil mixed with two ounces of tur- pentine. Repeat in ten or fifteen days. Give the pony a pint of oil and an ounce of tur- pentine, and the colt four ounces of oil" and half an ounce of turpentine. Otherwise treat them the same as the mare. SPLINTS. (Question asked by Subscriber ard answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) D. A. F.--Colt eleven months old, at birth had a little hard, bony lump on inside of FAMILY HKRALl) VETERINARY ADVISER. 21 both front legs about where splints appear. How can I remove them? Will they inju'C him for breeding purposes? Ans.— The father or mother of tlie colt had splints, and the colt has inherited them. If this colt is used for breeding i)urposes the progeny is likely to have them. Rub them well twice a day with iodide oi jmtaissium ointment, one of iodide to eight of lard. COUGH. (Question asked by Subscriber and answen-cl by Family Herald Veterinary Expirt.) S. H. — Y^oung mare taken suduenly witii bad eough; whenever driven or urged be- yond a walk \vi]\ cough two or three times and go on until started again. An:5. — Blister the throat with mustard and steam the head in hot bran once a day. Give one of the following powders twice a day: Camphor, two drachms; saltijetre, two ounces; digitalis, two drachms; sulphate, of iron, two ounces; mix and make six powd- ers. WEAKNESS IN COLT. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by l'''amily Herald "\'elcrinary lOxpert.) V. W. W., Ont. — Colt two year.s old, a))- peai's very short in wind; gets tired out very soon; is only doing light work for half a day at a time, and is fed good hay a}iil oats. Do you think his Avind Avould be peiuianently affected at his agf, or is it du»^ to general weakness? Ans. — It is due to weakness. Give one draclim of sulphate of iron in feed daily . and feed him more solid food, changing occasionabv to carrots, roots, etc. (Question asked Family by SWELLED I'DDER. Subscriber and answered raid \'eteiinary Expt'rt.) J. M.— Mare twelve years old raised foal last year; dried off in a few days after foal Avas taken away; two months after bag swelled badly; bathed witli hot Avatcr and camiiliorated liniment, and swelling went down, but returns when driven hard or worked. Ans. — This was i)robably due to told or exposure to Avet. Rub daily with iodide of liotassium ointment, two parts of iodide to eight of jard. CHRONIC CLCKR. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) Subscriber, Ont. — Have a valuable Clyde- dale stallion seven years old; h'as a lump about two inches in diameter on inside of the fetlock of hind legs; they are flesh lumps, resembling warts or ulcers; not sore to the touch, but seem itchy, causing the horse when in the stable to continually rub one lump against the other; tried spirits of salts and carbolic acid; the result was quit- an enlargement of lumyvs, causing them to run greasy water. ^\ns.— Toucb them with butter ot anti- mony daily till absorbed and healed up. PARAPLEGIA. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) 1). H.— Mare ten years old; had foal on 25th ^lay last; worked at light work before and after having foal; apr)eared all right till 25th July; made a few turns m mowing machine, when she fell and could not rise without help; eats and drinks well, and in good condition; weakness seems to be in legs: foal also took sick; bled mare and gave condition powders; appeared to get better; tried her the other day at light Avork, Avhen sihe fell again, and is as at first; her second foal; don't knoAv that she got hurt in any Ans.— There is a clot formed somewhere in the large blood-ve.*sels, causing jiressure and producing the paralysis. Rest, teed sparingly of hard, dry, soft food, and give a drachm of nux vomica night and morning in a bran mash till improA'ed. SORE NECK. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) JT. B., N.D.— Horses are sore on the top of the neck; not much sore to be seen, but AA-hen touched they jump around; have used difTerent remedies, but they do not seem to do any good. Ans.— These are like boils on a i>erson's neck, and if you eA^er had one you haA-e an idea Avhat it" is like. They are very sore on account of the hair Avhich keeps pressing into them. Put on hot linseed poultices for a night or two. then apply the following twi"e a day: Sugar of lead, one ounce; sulphate of zinc, one ounce; Avater, one pint. SPRAINED TENDONS. (Question asU<-d by Subscriber and answcreome straw around the foot when lying down, and that will prevent a recurrence. CONTRACTED FEET. (Question asited by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) H. C. B., N.S. — Mare has been in stable continuour^ly for four years, and has just gone lame on fore feet; hoof seems soft End smells bad; rather narrow on the heel. Ans.— Have the blacksmith pare the hoofs down and blister them, then turn her out to grasis. When shod, shoe witHi a flat bar shoe. RINGBONE. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald V.terinary Expert.) E.D.C., N.B.— Have a young horse eight years old; got lame one year ago last spring with a ringbone in his hind leg. Ans.— The treatment for ringbone is fil- ing it, and then blistering it well with fly blister. If you cannot have it fired, repeat- ed blistering may help it. CARROTS FOR HORSES. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) S. D., N. S.— .\re carrots good feed for horses, or are they hurtful in any way? How many should be fed a working horse whose weight is about 1200 lbs? Ans.— Carrots are good for horses in the spring. Feed about three times a week, giving half a dozen cut up at a feed. HEAVES. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered ty Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) J. E., N.S.— Where is the dl.-*ease heaves located, in the ston^iach, lungs or throat ? Ans. — Heaves is an 'affection of the lungs. It is so called on account of the act of respiration bein^ performed with a spasmo- dic heaving. The lungs are made up of innumerable small air cells, and the lung tissue is callable, to a great extent, of ex- l)elling the air and drawing more in by vir- tue of the elasticity and contractibility this tissue possesses. Sometimes some of these cell's become broken down into one large cell which destroys the contractibility of that portion "of the lung, in which case the diaphragm, ribs and abdominal muscles are brought into use to expel the air, giving rise <•-. the second spasmodic, twitching ef- fort seen in the flanks. This condition constitutes what is known as heaves. The disease is incurable. All that can be done is to dampen all the feed, and not work the horse on a full stomach. STIFLED. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) W.P., Man. — Fcxil ef last spring lame in both stifle joints; been so about three weeks now; thought it was out of joint at first, bone ivould sllide sideways and a sound something like a fracture would be heard. Ans.— She is .stifled — that is, the stifle bone s'lips out now and then. Let the Macksuiith put on very higli i.v.^eled shoes, and have them on two or three weeks. Blis- ter both stifles, and when the ligaments are strengthened she will be as Ui^eful as ever. WINDGALL. (Que.stion asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) R.C.J.. N.B. — Mare goes lame in off hind leg; trouble appears to be in fetlock joint; is slightly wind-i)uffed on each leg, but lame leg is apparently considerably puff- ed or swelled at fetlock; is inclined to rest this leg and occasionally lifts it from ground. Ans.— Blister flie fetlock well and rest her for a few days. FILM ON THE EYE. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) A.L., Out. — Mare's eyes about a year ago began to water, eyelids swelled, scum came over the eyeballs; last spring eyes got all right, but last autumn it came and went again; now she is nearly stone blind. I I I ••"? FAMILY HERALD VKTERINARY ADVISER. 23 Ans. — Pass over the eyes once a day a feather dipped in the following: Nitrate of silver, ten grains; distilled water, one ounce. I SORE EYES. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) C.F.P., N.H. — Horse has sore eyes; vet. calls it granulated eyelids; his medicinfe does no good; eyos weep a good deal and matter forms in comers; party I bought horse from said he had just got over an attack of the pink eye. Ans. — Bathe with hot water and apply twice a day a lotion of one drachm of sul- phate of zinc to a pint of water. MUD FEVER. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) A.A.B., Ont.— Mare Has scaly scabs up and down each hind leg inside, and is very itchy, especially at night, has been work- ing steady all autumn on tlie farm, and gets three gallons of oats and all the good ■hay she can eat; seems to nave a good ap- petite; legs are a little swollen near the knee joints. Ans. — This is mud fever. Give a mild dose of physic, and apply twice a day a little of a five per cent, solution of car- bolic acid. Ans.— Your mare died of typhoid pneu- monia, w^iich may be caused by the water or the surroundings. The treatnjent for his disease is to blister the throat and sides, give (piinine and stimulants,with good nourisliing food, such as oatmeal gniel, lin- seed tea, ale or jwrter. Let the animal have plenty of fresh air, and keep warm and comfortable. TYPHOID PNEUMONIA. (Question a.sked by Subscriber and an-iwered by Family Herald Veterinaiy Expert.) A.C.W., Alta. — Mare hve years old had ibeen ailing off and on for a Inonth; drove her occasionally; full of life when working, but dull in stable; off her feed entirely; sometimes would eat and drink greedily for a little; got weaker; slight odourless dis- charge from nostrils, with now and then a little dotted blood; throat glands slig'htly swollen; breatlhed with difficulty; had her in loose box, blanketed; last half (lay seem- ed very uneasy, feverish and thirsty; eyes bright;" no apparent symptoms of pain; broke out in tremendous siweat; died (pvite suddenly; post mortem showed water un- der skin all over body; blood thick and dark; lungs and heart sound; small intes- tines and spleen speckled with red blotches; smell bad; several neighbours lost horses apparently with same disease; summer very wet. IMPACTION OF STOMACH. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) J.G.H., Ont.— Year old colt one morning refused to eat anything, and Avas running food out of the nose, and also some stuff like the white of an egg: bowels would not move; gave her physic to no effect; then gave her two or three injections, but to no effect; was sick like this for two days, and after supper was found dead in the stall; sounded her in the afternoon and found her heart moving very irregularly; following day opened her and found her heart about the .size of a five-quart pail. Ans. — The cold died from impaction of the stomach. The treatment is to give lin- seed oil, with chloral in one drachm doses. Give also injections, and apply mustard to the belly. CATARACT. (Question apked bv Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) F.S.F., 3Ie.— Is there any help for cata- racts on a horse's eyes V Ans. — Nothing can be done except to re- move them wnth the knife, and as a rule the results of the operation are by no means satisfactory'. ZINC AND IODINE OINTMENTS. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) M.C.— How are tlie zinc and, iodine oint- ments made ? Ans.— The zinc ointment, or oxide of zinc ointment, as it is properly called, is a mix- ture of oxide of zinc and lard. Take two (Iraelims of the oxide and two ounces of lard and mix them with a knife on a clean board or sheet of glass, working them until they are thoroughly incorporated. Iodine ointment is made in the same way, and in the same proportion^?, two drachms of iodine to two ounces of lard. THUMPS. (Question asked by Subscriber r.nd answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) G. E. McC. — Mare nine years old became 24 FAMILY HERALD VLTERINARY ADVISER. sliglitly thumped last August from too heavy ploughing; have not changed her feed; give her corn, some pea-nut vines and corn fodder; is in fine condition. Can she be cured ? Ans.—Thumps is an excited, spasmodic action of the lieart, due to over-exertion. T do not think your case curable. Give her half an ounce of nitrate of potash in the teed twice a dav. ROARER. (Question a.sked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) D. McI., Ont.— Horse took distemper last spring; had considerable driving to do be- fore he fully recovered; now acts a&ji. 4ie had heaves; has always been carefully fed and well attended; is at present in good condition. -^ns.— As a result of not being laid up until fully recovered, he has become a roarer. Ihis is incurable, but does not prevent a horse from Avorking as usual, and being just as useful. SLOBRERING. (Question a.sked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) E. A. W.— Mare four years old slobbers at the mouth very badly, apparently most when driving. *u'^"u-~"'^Ti^ ^"^^ ^^ ^^^^ to the teeth or to the bit. Have the mouth examined, and It no cause is to he )und sponge twice a day with an ounce of alum in a pirt of water. URINARY TROUBLE. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) R. E.,— Mare troubled with her water; passes ordinary quantity of water for a fe-w days and after two or three days scarcely passes any; fed on hay and oats, with roots three times a Aveek; is in fair condition, but not as g-jod as she should be. _ Ans.— Give a Avineglassful of the follow- ing every day in half a pint of water: Bicarbonate of potash, two ounces; tincture hyoscyamus, two ounces; water, one pint. Give carrots, roots, etc. COLIC. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered bv Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) " G.P., Man.— What is the best treatment Tor colic? Ans.— There are two forms of colic, spas- modic and flatulent or windy. The former !a so called on account of the pain and cramjo being spasmodic and not continuous; fhere are moments of relief from the pain, in which the animal Avill be (juite at hia ease, but it is apt to come on again after a few moments. It is caused by some irri- tant, as indigestible matter, in the bowels, also by large draughts of cold water, par- ticularly if the horse is warm. 1^'latulent or Avindy colic is of the nature of acuto mdieestion. Either weak digestion, or a suspension of digestion altogether, a-llowa the undigested food to decompose, and as a result fermentation sets up, gas is evoived, and the horse bloats up, sometimes to an alarming extent, even to cause death by suf- tocation or ruv>ture of the stomach, intes- ;;ines or diaphragm. The characteristic symptom is the bloating Avith gas, and there is ahvays a great amount of pain, ihe treatment for spasmodic colic is to give one ounce each of laudanum and sweet spirits of nitre in a pint of water; repeat in an hour if not relieved. Flatulent colic, when severe, is best relicA^ed bv using the troohar and canula and giving a dose of one ounce of baking soda and half an ounce ot tincture of gmgen If it is net practicable to use the trochar, give the soda ami gin- ger mixture and follow an hour later with halt an ounce of turpentine in a nint of raw linseed oil. FARCY. Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) W. 11., Ont.— Horse took swelling in left fore and right hind legs in July; noAV dis- charges oily matter; does not go lame; when standing quiet sAveDs more; feels Avell other- wise. '^"5~"1'^''^ is a case of farcy, which is a .^pecihc blood disease due to a germ. The treatment is to give a dose of physic and afterwards tonics to build up the system, the tolloAving is a good tonic: Tincture of ^ron, one ounce; compound tincture of gen- tian, tAvo ounces; aromatic spirits of am- monia, tAvo ounces; water, one pint; mix. GiA^e a wineglassful in a pint of water twicp ii day. Or, give one ounce of tincture of iron in a pint of raAV linseed oil tAvice a Aveek. Local treatment consi.sts in apply- ing tAvice a day hot bran, linseed meal, or carrot poultices spread over with poAvdered charcoal DISEASES OF SHEEP. SNUFFLES. (Questiiin asked by Subscriber iiinl answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) \V. 11. M.— What, treatment is proper for shtep that have snufHes anrl a discharge from the nosp''' Ans.— This is catarrh of the nasal mem- branes, which is due to disorder of the di- gestive organs as well as exposure to cold, in fact, to anything which disturbs the condition of the animal and produces local inflammatory action. Givo four ounces of Epsom salts with half an ounce of chlorate of notash. both together dissolved in warm gruel. Keep the sheep in a warm sheltered stable until thev recover, feeding the warm gruel with SAveet fodder and bran orlv, until recovery. Exposure to cold dns by which sheep are chilled is the most fre- quent cause of thi« disorder. GRAVEL IN A HAM. (Question aslied by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) B. W. M., Ont.— Some of my young rams suffer when they urinate, and small stones seem to adhere to the wool around the penis. What is the disease and the cure for it9 Ans. — This disease is frequent where the water is hard, and is charged with lime or magnesia. In some conditions of the diges- tive organs the salts in the food unite with the acids of the food, and form particles which are discharged through the kidneys in the urine, and as these adhere, to the wcol around the urinary discharge and drv, thev leave these crystals adhering to the wool. This is an indication that the sheep need immediate treatment, or soon the growth of these crystals in the urinary pas- sage or m the bladder will cause serious ditficulty in passing the urine. The treat- ment is to give rain water, to mix fresh wood ashes with the food, and give twice daily one teaspoonful of a mixture of equal parts of ground ginger, gentian and sulph ate of iron in linseed gruel. INDIGESTION. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) R. C, (.)nt.— A ewe has what seems to be like blind staggers. She gets her head in a ccrner, resting it against the wall, and grinds her teeth and belches wind. What is the disease and treatment? Ans.— This is indigestion and impaction of the stomach due to it.^ Treat in this way: Give six ounces of Eiisom salts dis- solved in warm linseed tea, made by boil- ing the sfced in water half an hour. As scon as this operates and the sheep begins to eat a little, feed bran mash three times a day, in which give in the morning and evening a level teaspoonful of a mixture of equal parts of ground ginger, gentian and sulphave of iron. Salt given regularly every day with this mixture once a week is an ex- cellent antidote against all disorders of the stomach and bowels. SORE MOUTH AND LIPS. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by B-amily Herald A'eterinary Expert.) D.K., N.Y.— Some of my sheep have sore p^.ouths; the lips and tongue are covered with blisters, so that the sheo are unable to eat. What will cure this disease? Is it contagious? Ans.— This is an exceedingly troublesome disease, as it wholly 'stops the feeding, and the severe pain and distress quickly re- duce the sheep to a very low condition. It is a i-esult of the disturbance of condition due to teething in your lambs, as in this cas4?. but as well to faults in feeding, especially overfeeding with highly nutritious nitro- genous food, as cotton seed meal, given to force the growth. It is not contagious in this form, but it is apt under favourable conditions to spread through a flock in that way. Treat as follows: Give six ounces of Epsom salts dissolved in linseed tea, made by boiling one ounce of the seed tied in a cloth in a pint of water, for one hour. Wash the mouth Avith this prepara- tion: Four ounces of common vinegar, two of honey, and h df a pint of water. This 26 FAMILY HL ^\LD VETERINAVY AD\1SER. is for simple cases. For more serious ones dissolve two drachms of chloride of zinc in a quart of water, and one dracliui of car- bolic acid, wash the mouth with the liquid, using a soft swab of sponge. Feed soft mashes or gniel, given, if necessary, by a bottle, and in each (lissolve a gooed. Foment the loins with hot water, then rub well with tur- pentine or any good ]iniment,and tie a blan- ket around the body. Feed warm linseed gruel, in which give five drops of aconite, once a day, but give tlie gruel three or four times. Get the sheep up, if it is necessary to hold them for a while. For the rest ot the Hock, avoid the causes meiitioned, and especially exposure to cold rains. SHEEP BOT PLY. • Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) N. C, Ont.— The small grubs, with black heads, found in your sheep house are the voung of the sheep bot fly. The fly is black and as large as the common blow-tly of meat; it worries the sheep in July and August, when it tries to lay its eggs ori the sheep's nostrils. The eggs are really living grubs, which at once crawl up the nose and get into the hollow parts of the skull, which are connected with the nostrils. They live there during the winter and in the spring work their way down and fall on the ground where they bury themselves ^nd undergo their transformation into flies, and so re- peat this history year after year. The only remedy is to keep the sheep's noses covered with a sticky mixture of tar and flsh oil. This is the best on account of its disagree- able smell and its slow drying. ABORTION. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) M. C, Onit.— Some of my sheep have lost their lambs, born prematurely. Is it a con- tagious disease? If so what is the best way to manage a flock in which such ca- ses occur? Ans. — There is no doubt of the contagious character of this disease, although it does not appear to be so virulent with ewes as with cows. Nevertheless it will be wise to sejiarate the ewes having lost their lambs, at once, from the rest of the flock, until they have recovered, and dispose ot the dead lambs in some safe way. It is wise to disix)&e of these ewes, as they are unprofitable. They should be put and fed by themselves, fattened and got rid of. Once a ewe loses her lamb in this way she is apt to do so again. Fifty sheep are not too many to keep in one flock if they have room enough. Crowdini.^ about the feed rack and the severe punching one sheep will give to i nother are common causes for this loss oi lambs. It is apparent that there is no cure for this disease, for the refvson that it appears without any warn- ing. One prevalent cause for the loss ot lambs is the violent butting which sheep practice with each other at feeding times, and to avoid this those sheep which are found to be quarrelsome in this way should be kept by themselves. FAMILY HERALD VETERINARY ADVISER. 27 TICKS. (Question asked by Subscriber and answerecl by Family Heruld Vtterlnary Kxprrt.) W \\ S Ont.— Ticks are exceedingly huittul to sheep, and eHi>eoially to jambs They suck a large ur sour thick l)utto - milk along the sheep's back and work it down along the sides, is one sure remedy. \n()ther is the kerosene emulsion made in this wav: Dissolve soap in hot water, a pound of it to a gallon of water, beat it up to a creainv liquid, then add pne-tourtli as nuich kerosene, then beat this up quite smoothly, and when it is cold it will be a soft ieliv. Take of this enough tor each time and add to it four times the Quantity of hot water, pour this on the hack ot tne sheep and rub it will into the wool <)n tlie back and sides. The ticks will be killed. Repeat as may be necessary. several the in- charac SPINAL :meningitis. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) F.— My sheep refuse to eat; lose the use of their' hind parts, and throw up their heads. What is the diseasse and treat- ment? Ans.— This disease is a i-esult of causes, as the kind of food, even fUience of the soil on the food, the ter of the water, the weather, sudden cold following unseasonable warmth, and we cannot omit inherited tendency. Lanibs of young ewes are specially subject to it. and it spreads frequentlv from some centre, and aflfects the voung slieap for manv miljs around. The disease is unquestionably caused sometimes by continued indiges- tion, for the stomach is in many cases found to be filled with undigested fo()d, sometimes firnilv impacted in the maniplies with balls of wool or hair, or even stones, which have been swallowed. i:)oubtless this may be a secondary condition due to the failu; i of digestion from the nervous dis- turbances. The most effective treatment has been found to give an active purg,!- tive. Epsom saJts being the most suitable in doses of four to six ounces, followed by tonics, as a mixture of equal parts of ground ginger, gentian and sulphate of iron in level teasiwonful doses to a lamb, or nux vomica in five-grain doses, with soft digestible vood as bran and lin»eed mashes. Stimulant a- .)lications, as turi>entine ap- plied along che back, especially it it in found teiiJer on pressure, have been use- ful. D1ARRAH(3EA IN LAMBS. (Question asked by Subscriber orid answered by 'Family Herald Veterinary E^cpertJ E K. C, Ont.— Some of my lambs are troubled with a looseness. What is the best treatment? Ans.— If the lambs are not yet weaned treat the ewes as it is most probable that the milk is the causie of the trouble, dive the ewes salt regularly three times a week; indeed it is best to keep rock salt aways in reach of them. This salt is in large lumps, and costs but ai little over one dol- lar a barrel of three hundred pounds. Give each ewe a level teaspoonful of a mixture of equal parts of ground ginger, gentian root, and sul])hate of iron, in a little meal or bran daily for a week or so. Give the lambs some boiled milk in whioli is mixed half a teaspoonful of calcined magnesia. If this is not effective give the ewes the ■a me, but four times as much. It is most probable that the feed of the ewes is at fault, but as the feeding is not mentioned we can only say that this should be the best to be obtained. Do not be in a hurry to get the CAves on young grass; turu tliein on to it gradually at first. THREAD WORMS. (Question asked bv Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) F. L. W.— ^Iv sheen are troubled by a cough : it seems as if they had something in the throat. Please give a remedy. \,i*<._This trouble is doubtless due to the presence in the throat of thread worms, which infest sheep, but esi^ecially the voung lambs, and these being unable to withstand the strain on their endurance, fall victims to tliis injurious i)arasite. For- tunately there is one infallible remedy, turpentine, the fumes of which kill the worms, (iive each sheep thus affected two teasi)oonfuls of turjventine in a small quan- titly of sweet milk, just enough to dilute it sufiicientlv to get it swallowed. Hold up the sheep's head and carefully pour the turi)entine into the side of the mouth when it will be swallowed. This remedy, it sliould Ih? known, acts by itsi complete distribution through the system and its l»assage through the lungs, and the vapour oi it jiassing through the throat kills the worms. Tt is necessary thus to. saturate 2ti FAMILY HEUALIJ \ KTERINARY ADVISER. the syHU'iu vvith Ur- turi>entine by continu- ing to ifive it daily tor a week, then three times a week the second week. liamhs thus affected Bhould have half as much given to them in the same Avay. SCAB. (Que.stlon asktMl by Subscrlln r und unHwered by Family Herald Veterinary Kxpert.) A. T.— Every possible effort of the shep- herd should be made to prevent the en- trance of this worst of diseases into the flocks, and an effective way is to dip the sheep immediately after sheai-ing. It is a precaution to see that the sheai-er employ- ed has not been in contact with ocabby sheep, for the clothes of a person will act as a most effective means of infection. There are many excellent remedies or dips, already prepared ft)r use and sold by deal- ers, but a good one may be easily made in this way: One pound of mercury is tho- roughly rubbed »lown in a mortar with half a i>ound of Venice turi>entine, until the mass is a smooth blue paste. This is then rubbed down with one pound of lard, and half a pint of turpentine is then worked into the mass. It is applied in this way: The fleece, being opened along the back, some of this mixture is rubbed on to the skin by the finger, from the head to the tail. Other furrows are made i)arallel with this on the sides, and others crosswise a few inches apart, all over the body. If the disease exists in a flock it is seen by the pcabs formed, under which the mites nre burrowing and breeding. These a.re care- fully opened in places, and the ointment is worked in with a small stiff paint brush. A dip is made by steeping four ounces of common tobacco leaf in one gal- lon of boiling water until the leaf is ex- hausted] one ounce of flowers of sulphur is then added to the liquid, which is kept stirred. This is applied by pouring in on the skin and distributij.g it over the body, rubbing it well into the scabr which are broken up to admit the liquid to the raw flesh, where the mites are hiding. If there are many sheep a sufficient quantity of the preparation is made and a tanic is filled with it, being kept hot bv add ins reserve stock to the liquid in the tank The sheep are dipped in it and thoroughly washed. ■ GARGET. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) S. ^/I. K., N.W.T.— I have already some lambs, but have '?reat difficulty in rearing tiieu), as the ewes have no milk, the ud- ders being swollen and hard, and only a thick matter comes from the teats, VVhat should be done for them":" Ans. — This disease is garget, or inflam- mation of the udder. The ewe should be watclied closely before the lamb comes, ko that she may be protected from the cold, which is the cause of this condition of the udder. While it is quite safe to feed well, it is wise to use discretion in the choice of foods, as the most concentrated kinds, as cotton seed meal, are not safe. Bran and oats supply the safest grain foods, while good sound clover hay is the best kind of fodder. Some oat straw may be given usefully in the racks at night. It is a safe plan to separate the ewes whose udders are swelling, and keep them by themselcvs, so that by sufficient care every lamb born may be saved. Bathe the ud- ders with hot water, and after drying rub them with camphorated soap liniment. EPIZOOTIC OPHTHAmriA. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) S.H.K., Orit.— The prevailing disea.se of the eyes at this time of the vear (early spring) is epizootic ophthalniia. It is contagious, for it ha,? been known to be spread from one flock to another by a visit- ing shepherd, who doubtless carried the in- fection with him from flock to flock. It is certain it soon spreads through a wide locali- ty, but this may be due to a commonly prevailing local condition. It is wise, how- ever, to use precautions which would be f»afe if the disease should be really contagi- ous or infectious. The disease is treated as follows: Give a full dose of Epsom salts. four to six ouncen, dissolved in sweetened oatmeal gruel. Burn alum on a hot stove and dissolve gruels or Avarm mashes of bran or linseed meal. Also giA'e four ounces of Epsoiu salts dissolA'ed in some 30 FAMILY HERALD VETERINARY ADVISER. warm, iiourinhinK drijik. At'U'r tliin give tfii j^raiii (lines of lolti'lia daily tor a few days. IjaiiiliH t'H|K*(ially should he prolfctL'd from tlie exiH»sme by which thin diseaw in caused. LI' MI'S I'XDKR JAW. (QucHtlon nnkt'il l)y SuliHcrllicr nnerly. At this time of the vear, and in the spring every flock sliould be examined, and the feet pared down to remove the overgrown horn, which unless so pared, will turn un- der the sole and gather sand and gravel, by which the horn is worn down, and the inner part of the feet is bruised and made sore. Then by any i)oisoning by putrid mattei- the feet become diseased, and con- tagious foot- rot Avill be imminently prob- able. The feet of these sheei) should be paired, washed and dressed with this oint- ment. Melt some common rosin, add a* much clean tallow, and w'hile melted add to these half a part of common turpen- tine, and as much carbonate of copper as will give it a bright green colour. This is the so-called green ointment which has been used bv sliepherds for over a hun- dred years for dressing sheep's feet. If the feet are duly attended to, and pared of surplus horn, there will never, or very rarely, be any trouble Avith either the common foot rot, as this is, or the malig- nant form of the same disease. l)ISKASi:S OF SWINE. CONGESTION OF THE URAIN. iQuestlon oski'd by Sub8cn"M!r and answered by Family Herald Vei rlnary Expert.) H. K., Ont.— A number of small pigs were suddenly taken with theee symptoms: They did not feed, but lay shak="g all over, and foaming at the mouth; they i)UHhed their heads into cor-.ers, then su.'. lenly fell down and trembled =ill over. After a time they recovered. Whai, is the disease and the treatment? Ans.— The di.sease is congestion of the brain due to disturbed indigestion. Pigsi dying in this way will on examination bo found to have the veins of the brain filled with dark blood, and the whole of the or- gan inflamed. Overfeeding with too highly nutritious food is the cause; but pigs of sows which have been so diseased are most subject to attacks of this kind, which is a form of apoplexy. It is avoided by feeding in a strictly healthy manner, avoiding too concentrated food, or too much even of the most healthful food. A remedy is to open a vein in the ear. which will be found suffusied with blood, and in as congested a condition as the brain is, and bleed cop- iously. Of course the feeding is to be re- duced to safe limits, and excessively rich food is to be given only when mixed with other kinds le8s stimulating. Cotton seed meal if given to pigs will cause this condi- tion, invariably, in a few days, by reason of its highly concentrated form and its large quantity of stimulating nitrogen. This food should never be given to pigs. ANASARCA. (Question asked by Subscriber and answ . red by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) F.G., Ont.— A pig was taken with wealo ness across the loins; the skin was covered with dark purple blotches; it suffered much before it died. It was kept in a pen and fed mostly on corn. What was the disease and what treatment should have been given to it? Ans.— The disease was anasarca, or, as it is sometimes called, purpura hemorrhagica, from the purple blotches on the skin. This iH a fatal disease, causing death in the ma- jority of cases in three days. Mild oases are termed scarlatina. The treatment should have been to give 1 scruple of calomel; few other purgatives act on swine, which re- quire special treatment in such cases as ro qtiire purgative's. Alternately with this, twice a day, half-ounce doses of hviH)sulphite of soda should be given. As so^n as these act. give ten-grain doses oi quinine, twice a day. The black or purple spots on the skin should be bathed with hot Avater with hyposulphite of soda dis^ solved in it, one ounce to the quart of water. The causes of this disease are confine- ment in foul pens, exposure to cold, and wet, filthy beds, which are too common in pig pens.' Corn, as the sole food, is also helpful in causing it. As on recovery the l>urple spots on the skin are apt to suppur- ate and greatly reduce the condi' .on of the animal and cu-e is rarely effected, great care should be exercised to avoid the causes mentioned. INFLAJ^IMATION OF THE STOMACH. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered ^- Family He-aid Veterinary Expert.) A. W. M., Ma&s.— A large sow Avith a litter of pigs is troubled by vomiting the food soon after eating. She i« rapidly fail- ing in condition and the yonmg pigs are failing. What is the cause and the cure of this disease? Ans.— The disease is inflammation or la- tarrh of tlie stomach. It is probably a re- sult of overfeeding, or of too niuch indi- gestible food. Treat as follows: Give well boiled gruel of oatmeal and linseed meal. Add to this one tahlespoonful of a solution of chlorate of poitash as strong aii it can be made. Give this one hour before feeding boiled potatoes with sweet nUimnied milk. Add twenty drops of creo- sote to each feed for a few days. PARALYSIS OF HIND PARTS. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) I. J.. Ont.— A number of pigs, feeding in 32 FAMIL.' HKRALl) VETERIN'AKY ADVISER. a pen, atid fed priivcipally on oatmeal, bar- ley amd corn on tlie cob, liave lo«t the use of th«ir hind partw; th«y lie about ar.i squeal if they are touched. When they do get up on their legH it is with difficulty, and they lie or Hit down us Hoon aa tlu'y can. What in the diseane and the treat- ment? . Ans.— This is a sort of paralyaiH due to ditiefiHe of the upinal nerve, Hynn>athetic with disorflered diRestive functions. It re- sults from overfeedinR and is frequent in pigs i)uit up in pens for final f(M;d:nf(. It ia Kenerally inherited, but is common otherwise; indeed the frequency of it al- most kurely renders it constitutiooial. The treatment i« as follows: Give one scruple of calomel in the food after fa-stinR one whole day, tlien resuming the feeding after this has acted on the bowels; give one drachm of bromide of potassium onoe a day in the food, AVhich should be reason- ably reduced. As the pigs do not thrive when in this condition, it may be well to slaughter them if at all judicious, as they wiU 'lot pay for feeding while under this disp.bility WORMS. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) Mrs, H. H., Pa.— Three pigs fed in the same pen were not thriving; the food was boiled vegetables, Avith bread, c'aop and other food.s of similar kindis; but they seemed not to digest it. One killed had a quantity of worms in the intestines, so e of which were a foot long; amother killed had the same kind of Avorms in ilt. What should be done for those remaining? Ans. — The worm is one which is frequent- ly found in the intestines of pigs, and is known as Eahinory-ncbas gigas, or the great thorn headed worm. Thia is found up to eighteen inches long, consequently a few of these parasites are suflficient to greatly disturb tJie health and comfort of pigs, causing great voracity fioi" food, loss of flesh, nevertheless, starting with a sharp cry, vomiting, and at times sudden loss of oonsciouaness, and convulsions. The treatment is as follows: Give half a pint of caistor oU before feeding in the morn- ing, and give an equal quantity at the same time by injection. Repeat i"n three days until the worms are found to be dis- charged. Be careful to keep a close watch for these worms lest other pigs might de- vour them and so infest themselves. Feed warm oat« or corn meal cruel, in which give one tea^ijoonful, three times a day, of ground ginger, gentian and tnilphat^ of iron in equal pi"o|M>rtion8. Keep the i»en dfcaned o; t several times a day, until the pigs have heeti rvilieveer's salt, with which give a fevj teaspoonfuls of this mixture: one hundred parts of water, two parts of glycerine, and one part of crystalize'' carbolic acid, or an equivalent of the liquid. Give this by a teaspoon in repeated doses of two spoon- fuls, everv fifteen minutes. Wash the in- flamed skin with a mixture of three parts of the diluted carbolic acid in 100 parts of water, quite frequently. After this, feeding is all that will be needed, and this should consist of warm soft food, as boil- ed oatmeal and bran, one-fourth as much Unseed meal being added. Boiled pota- toes or turnips, with oatmeal added, in ju- dicious moderation, until strength is re- covered, will be useful. If any indications of ulceration of the intestines appear in the dung, give 20 drops of turpentine in the food morning and evening. All sick animals are to be carefully isolated and treated out of danger of contact in any way with other animals. On the whole, it may be judicious to get rid of every side animal in the safest way as soon as it ia ' down, for it will be worth very little at tl ei n (C h 1< V o \ t s a FAMILY HERALD VFI'ERINARY ADVISER. as the beHt should it recover. .wl'>l|;itH pres- ence near other pigH is a rink that should not be tolerated. INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. iQueitlon Mked by Suhscrlber and an«wer«Tl by Family Herald Vetorlnary Exp.-rt.) V Y Z B C— There Ih a disease in the hogs here 'which is thought to be tu bercu- \oSl The lungs after death are clogged S a thick matter; eyou the young p.gH on the sows are affected in the same way. What is the disease? . „ Ans.-The synptoms inaieate mflamnui- tion of the lungs, or what .« often called swine fever. It seeirs to be contagious, and spreads through a herd very rapid 1> The treatment is to give four ounces of castor oil to a pig of a hundred pound ^ After operation, give five grains of digitals, to a pig <>f ■- hundix;a pounds, more lu pro- por iii an the size may be Rreater Apply strong mustard plaster to the Biden over the lung'., and protect from the cold, giv- ing deeS litter in which the pigs tnay bury themselves, as they will if given the op- portunity. Feed warm bmn niashes^iih no grain until recovery. The pens shoul be Kept dry and clean, and bran '« '^e^ji Ifv made into a warm mash, should t>e gWen with onty moderate supply ot grain especially of cori. PILES. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) M. J. McL., N. S.-A Berkshire pig has piles. What is the cause of this disease and the treatment? u- u „nn Ans.— This disease m pigs which con- sists of a protrusion of the bowel, differs from the ordinary piles which are small swellings of the veins of the rectum. It is due to continued constipation, and is treated by giving two ounces of castor oil twice at intervals oi two days followed by six grain doses of podophyllin daily in cool bran maah for ten days. Pigs inherit this disease which originates mostly troin disturbed action, or inaction, ot the liver. At this i^ane of the year some easily digest- ed food, as boiled turnips with bran, should be made a part of the feeding. If apvles can be procured at a reasonable cost they are an excellent alterative for pigs in the winte'". In dairies furnished with a silp, one feed a day of silage is very desirable as a preventive of the common constipa- tion in these animals. If the disease is stubborn, bathe the parts with hot water in which dissolve an ounce of chlorate ot potash, in addition to the above treat- ment. MANGE OH SCAB. (Quentlon asked by 8ub«orll.tr and «n"*^|:;"| ^V Family Horald V<*'-:u»ary Expert.) (J. M. McD., Wis-Sou.-i of my «)W8 are covered with scabs on the skin which they rub off, leaving «ores. WTiat is the cause and cure? An8.-nii8 di'jease is known as niange. it-ch or scab. ITiere are two kinds of the Ji»ea»e. One is due to disorder of the blood by which the skm is congested in snots, and in these places pimples appear which run together, forming scabs or crusts which break and leave raw patches. The other disease is due to a small niite which burrows in the skin, as does the sheep scab-mite, and t!he exudation from these sores gathers and hardens on the skin in cruets, under which the insert lives, feeds, and -ncreases. Ihe two dis- eases need different treatment. Ihe con- stitutional form first mentioned calls tor medicine, given internally to act on the blood; the other, locai applications to reach and kill the insects. Examination will sihow which of these two forms exist.*; \t the latter, the mites will be found gather- ed under the scabs. In this case make a strong solution of tobacco in hot water, adding four ounces of sulphur to each gal- lon of the water. With this sponge the skin after having softened it by liberal bathing with hot water and soft soap. Brush the liquid well into the crusts, breaking thes« with H (orn cob, or Mome other roughiah, but not hard, substance. Nothing else does so well as a goot-sized corn cob. xne wash should be got inio actual contact with the mite.«. or no good will be done. Hence, after the work h^.s been well done once, it is to be repeated in ter days, to kill the young mites which may have hatched since the first dressing. The dise.ise is very much the Piame as the scab of sheep, and similar are to be taken, except that no metV mc lA^ uc wiix^.., .."^ — I- --- carbolic acid preparation should ever be used for swine. After the pigs have been treated as above, make this ointment and keep it for use if needed to make a clean riddance of these pests: Melt twenty-four ounces of lard and add to it half a pint of turpentine; mix in one pound of flowers of sulphur, and whm cooled rub down on a smooth slab until thoroughly mixed, work- ing into the mixture in this way two ounces of mercurial ointment. A moderate appli- cation of this made at the start of this dis- ease will check it instantly. 34 FAMILY HERALD VETERINARY ADVISER. HOG CHOLERA. (Question asked bj' Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) A. B. C— Please give treatment for hog cholera, Ans. — This disease is much more easily avoided than cured, and if a cure can be effected it leaves the anim?l in an i».most worthless condition. It is a strictly con- tagious and infectious disease, b. ing caus- ed by a special gsrm, which, being taken into the system in any way in water or in tlie air breathed, produces the .symptoms by which the disease is recognized. The virulent nature of the disease is such that in every case occurring the animal should be slaughtered immediately, and the rest of the herd put under strict quarantire. It is spread mostly by the drinking .vater, which has bcv;n infected by diseased ani- mals dying in it, or evacuating the bowel? in it. Treatment is something like that of tuberculosis, in the fact that the sick animal, if cured, is a danger to all others, and indeed is worth so little afterwards that the labour and cost of treatment are time and money thrown away. It is a disease to be prevented rather than treat- ed in attempt to cure. If, however, treat- ment should be undertaken, this is re- commended: Change the feed, and give well boiled gruel of rye or barley meal, in which half an ounce of hyposulphite of soda is dissolved, twice a day. Tin' drink- ing water should have sufficient sulphuric acid in it to give it a distinctly sour taste. For the constipation which occurs at he outset of the disease, give two drachms of jalap, twice daily, until the constipation is overcome. As soon as ulceration of the bowels is noticed (which appears by the diseased membrane seen in the dung), give twenty droits of oil of turpentine night and morning. As soon as the discharges from the bowels are checked, give ten grain doses 01 quinine altei-nately with half a level tablespoonful . r a mixture of equal quan- tities of gentian, ginger and sulphate of iron. Baths of cold water thrown over the animal, or a clean muddy wallowing place, should be provided. The dead animals should be burned completely, as burial only perpetuates the germ and poisons the soil. To prevent this disease avoid all risk of infected water. Give the ginger and gentian mixture with ten grains of quinine added in the feed once a day, and continue this dur- ing the whole of the fattening season when danger is feared. THUMPS. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.J. D.W.K., N. Y.— Most of my pigs, which are Suffolks, and a year old past, are trou- bled by hard breathing and palpitation ot the heart. The beats can be heard easily; the sides heave, and the pigs are short ot breath. What is the cause and cure? Ans.— This disease is due to irregular spasmodic action of the heart, caused in this case by over-excitement as a result of the feeding. It is most frequent in fat- tening pigs that are fed liberally on grain, and the short, thick-necked pigs of this breed are unusually subject to it Avhen feeding for slaughter. Treatment is out of the question under the circumstances; it will be best to turn the pigs into pork be- fore they die naturally, which they are apt to do a)t a moments' notice, and mostly so when they are excited by the feeding. The meat is not affected in the least. LICE. (Question aslted by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) G. H. M.— What is a good remedy for lice which are infecting my pigs? Insect powder and blue ointment are both use- less, Ans.— For all kinds of skin vermin on all kinds of animals, there is no prepara- tion more effective or safer than the kero- sene emulsion, which is made in this way. Dissolve a pound of any kind of soap in boiling water; two quarts will be sutftcient. When partly cooled, add a quart of kero- sene and beat the mixture until it as a smoouli cream. Keep this for stock. For use, take any sufficient quantity and dilute it with three times the quantity of water. Brush it into the skin of any animal that ia infested by Uv^, If the first application is not fullv effective, repeat in four or five days, T^his will also relieve your lambs from ticks. It may be used safely in win- ter as well as summer. DISEASES OF DOGS. GASTRITIS. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary. Expert.) A M., Que.— Small female dog, very fat. was sick for ten days; refused all food, but drank large quantities of cold water, vomited up water occasionally; did nor seem to suffer any pain; tenth day vomit- ed six times, pure blood, at intervals o, about half an hour; seventh time strangled and died. What was the cause ot her death and what should have been given her.' Ans. This animal suffered from gastri tis, which is generally relieved h; sub nitrate of bismuth given in doses ot ten grains three times a day. The immediate cause of death was internal hemmorhage, resulting from the extreme vomiting. CATARRH. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) S. S., N. Y.— I have a puppy that has had a very severe attack of distemper, and has got over it in some respects; he acts rather sore, and has a continuous discharge at the nose. Ans.— Steam the head over a bowl of hot water, into which put a teaspoonful of Friar's balsam. Do this twice a day. SWELLED GLANDS. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) J. M. Y., B. C— Young dog troubled with swelling on throat; his father had to be shot from same trouble and two brothers and three sisters also. Ans.— Rub the throat once a day vnth iodide cf potassium ointment, one drachm of iouide to sixteen of lard. CHOREA, OR ST. VITUS' DANCE. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) R. M.— Have a dog that is troubled with some kind of nervous disease. When it is .awake the muscles on its back twitch a little, but hardlv noticeable. When it is asleep it kicks unnaturally violently, other- wise it is healthy. Has been that way tor about a vear, gets neither better nor worse. Ans.-It is chorea or !>t. Vitus' dance, and is incurable. You can give him the tol- lowing once a day, and it may help hiro some: Iodide of potassium, one drachm; bromide of potassium, one drachm; sweet spirits of nitre, one ounce; water eight ounces. Give a teaspooni.... ASTHMA. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) R, J, F.— Dog cannot get his breath af- ter running a short distance, and heaves badly. , _,^ , . Ans.— The dog has asthma. Steam hia head over a bowl of hot water, into which put a teaspoonful of Friar's balsam. Give five grains of chloral daily. PARALYSIS. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) T. F. J., N.B.— Fox teller was run over five days ago; was all right till two days afterwards, when he became partially par- alyzed; had a surgeon in, who said to give him hot baths daily and administer nux vomica and morphine, but the dog has not improved; cannot use his legs; they seem to be powerless; is quite sensible at aU times; seems disitressed with pain. Ans.— Give a dose of castor oil to get the bowels well opened; then give the following: Tincture of nux vomica, two drachms; £.veet spirits of nitre, two drachms; water, three ounces; a teaspoon- ful twice a day. Apply mustard across the loins. FLEAS. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) D. K.— Have a young dog about six weeks old that is greatly troubled with fleas. What will rid him of them? Ans.— Wash him well twice a week in a hot bath, into which put a tablespoonful of creolin. Also apply once a day a five per cent, solution of creolin. Or, wash the dog all over twice a week with methylated spirits, which not only kills the fleas but has a stimulative action on the skin. 36 FAMILY HERALD VETERINARY ADVISER. MANGE. rOuestion asked by Subscriber and answered by ''^'^*'^" Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) Old Subscriber, N.B.— Dog about nine months old, troubled with aome sort ot scurvy disease; has broken out all over his head, is spreading down his neck, ana on inside of legs and belly; is red like a rash, and itchy and hard crust comes on sores; dog is losing relish for food, and is falling^in flesh. n- „ Ans.— This is a case of mange. Lfiye a dose of castor oil, and then follow it up with three drops of Fowler's Solution m water once a day. Rub on the patches a fiv^ per cent, solution of creolin, and wash all over twice a week with hot water and tar soap. DIARRHOEA. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) D J , Man.— Dog took diarrhoea some weeks ago; was neglected; bowels came out: fed milk for two weeks; seemed to get all right, but on being fed a little food came on again as bad as ever, Ans.— Give milk, barley water light broths, and a teaspoonful of the following twice a dav: Aromatic spirits ot ammo- nia, two drachms; compound tincture of gentian, two drachms; tincture of iron, twenty drops; water, four ounces. RHEUMATISM. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) Subscriber.— Dog that has been kept con- fined took stiffness in hind quarters; is unable to move them; otherwise seems all right. , ^. Ans.— The dog has rheumatism. Uive t dose of castor oil, apply dry warm cloths across the quarters, and give two grains of salicylic acid twice a day. Do not ex- pose him to draughts, or to extreme changes of weather. WORMS IN DOGS. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) E. S., Ont.— What is the treatment for worms in dogs? Ans.-Dogs are affected by different kinds of worms. For the ordinary worms, give fifteen grains of powdered areca nut on an empty stomach three mornings in suc^ ?essSInd follow on the fourth wit h one ounce of castor oil. Tape worms reqmre different treatment. For these give the following: Wormseed oil one drachm; tur- pentine, one drachm; castor oil, add tour ounces. Give a teaspoonful of this two mornings in succession on an empty sto- mach, and follow on the third morning with a dose of castor oil. The above doee is tor mature dogs of twenty-five pounds and up- wards; for smaller dogs the dose must be in proportion to tne size. DISTEMPER. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) F. C.— Young dog runs at eyes and nose; coughs, refuses to eat, shivers, is thin and mii^erable, nose is hot. W^hat is the trouble and best treatment? Ans.— This is a case of distemper, a very atal disease among dogs, and one that car- ries off a great number every year. Tha treatment is as follows: Stf^am the head over a bowl of hot water, into which put a teaspoonful of Friar's Balsam. Give a one- grain pill of quinine twice a day until the fever abates; then give stimulants, as whis- key, brandy or port wine to keep up the strength, and follow Avith tonics, as iron piUs, malt extract, etc. The diet should be beef tea. broth, chopped mea;t, rice, gruel, porridge, etc. CANKER OF THE EAR. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) J. B.. Man.— Dog has something the mat- ter with his ear; scratches his ears and shakes his head; if the ears are touched, will howl. What is the matter and how can it be cured? Ans.- This is canker of the ear, a disease which is incurable. You can alleviate it by the folowing treatment: !^ >onge the ear well out mth hot water, being sure to dean the whole ear; then dust in a little powder- ed boracic acid. Do this once a day. DISEASES OF POULTRY. LICE. (Question juked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) D H B— You cannot expect t>ny success with fowls if they are infested with vermin To keep them clean do this. Mix any kmd of melted grease with as much kerosene, and, smear this freely on the roosts so that the legs and breast of the fowls get a good share of it. Never mind about the looks ot the fowls. It is better to look bad and feel and be well, than the contrary, ihe grease will soon wear off the fowls, and while it stays it will be killing the vermin. It will not do to take this Plan with brood- ing hens, or the grease will kill the eggn For brooding hens procure some msec powder and dust the nests well with it, ar also the hen. PIP. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.}. ^ p i^T_ g__q^]^js disease in fowls is an inflammation of the mouth, an. especially of the tongue, the end of which is covered bv a hard scale. All that is necessary is to remove this scale with the point ot a knite and apply powdered alum or borax to it twice a day. It is one of the results ot bad management in the poultry house, in which a general inflammatory condition i* produced. To relieve tliis give one teaspoon- ful daily of a solution of hyposulpiute ot soda as strong as it may be made. ROUP. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) Mrs. R. J. W., Ont.-My fowls are sick, the head swells, the mouth is kept open and there seems to be great difficulty m breathing. What is the disease and the treatment for it? . ^ .. \ns _The disease is roup, or inflammation of the head generally. It is closely related to diphtheria of persons, and some tliinlv it is infectious both ways. Ireat as follows: Bathe the head in hot water with 1>lenty of carbolic soap dissolved m it. Dissolve chlorate of potash in water, as strong as it can be made, and with a leather wash xw throat of the sick birds with it. Give warm soft food in which mix half a teaspoontul of hyposulphite of soda for each six birds. Keep the hbiisg. clean and dry and ventil- ated. Probably you are overfeeding these fowls, which would make them more sus- ceptible to this disease. ANTHRAX. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) J. Y. M. — My chickens are sick, the combs turn black, the legs are weak, the feet swell, anu they have diarrhoea. Please tell me the cause and cure. Ans.— This disease is known as anthrax, which name is given on account of the blackness of the eombs, due to the colour of the blood. It is the same disease as blackleg la qu^drupeds. It is due to dis- order of the liver, a result of overfeeding rich food mostly, but it is contagious. Sometimes the droppings are green and yellow, but not always; the black comb is itlif^ most conspicuous symptom. The treatment is to separate the sick fo\vls, keeping them separately in coops, stopping all feed, giving only water, in which for half a pint one drachm of hyposulphite of soda is dissolved. If the water is not drunk freely give one tablespoonful of the solu- tion three times a day. Keep the coops littered with sawdust well sprinkled with carbolic acid. After three or four days bifein to feed warm, soft food as oatmeal with bran steeped in hot water. Give no corn meal. CROP-BOUND. (Question asked by Subscriber and answered by Family Herald Veterinary Expert.) E S.— When a hen eats dry food, such as shreds of clover hay or blades of corn it ii- apt to be packed in the crop and cause severe indigestion. The hen mopes and stands about with the feathers ruf- fled, and the body humped up. Of course it does not eat, but gapes as if unable to breath^ This troublp i« best avoided bv preventing the cause of it, as overfeed- ing even Avith grain, the dry food swelling in the crop and closing the outlet of it. The remodv is verv simple. Take a pair 38 FAMILY HKRALt) VETERINARY ADVISER. of sharp pointed scissors and cut the skin over the crop, but not the crop. Then open the cut sufficiently and make a cross cut in the crop, remove the gathered food and put the bird in a coop, feeding it with soft food for a few days, when the wounds will heal and the bird may be turned loose. CHOLERA. (Question a-sked by Subscriber and answered by Family TTorftld Veterinary Expert.) J B K.— N. B.— My turkeys are sick. Their droppings are yellow, the head is also yellow, and in a few days they die. eating nothing. What is the disease and what can I do for them? '^ns.— This disease is commonly called cholera. The Hver is enlarged and the gall overflows and escapes through the bo- v/els causing the droppings to be yello\y. It is a case of overfeeding. This tault is thp feeding which leads to indigestion and causes this. Stop all food for three or four days. Keep the sick birds by them- selves, so that this can be done easily. Give each bird one teaspoonful of as strong a solution as can be made of hypo^ulphate of soda. Give all the water they will dnnk. This will restore those which are not too fa*- gone. Feed bread soaked in milk, and a few oats, or a little corn, until they are entirely recovered. EGG BOUND HENS. (Question asl Anasarca in Swine ^!r Anthrax in Cattle ,^i: Anthrax in Poultry.. •••••■ ^j, Appetite, Depraved, in Cattle i Aphtha in '"attle l^ Asthma in J -rs f^ Azoturia ' ses ^* B Barrennes. <-,'attle 1" Birth of Cair. Difficult 2 Birth of Calf, Premature 4 Black Leg in Cattle..... 1 Bleeding from Womb of Cow i Blister, Applying a jo Bog Spavin < ^» Boil, Shoe '^-, Bot Fly, Cattle J Bot Fly. Sheep -» Brain, Congestion of, in Swine ^i Calving, Injury in 12 Canker in Horse's Foot l» 'anker of Ear in Dogs 36 ^.cxrrots for Horses j^ Castrating a Colt 17 Cataract in Cattle ^i> Cataract in Horses ^^ Catarrh, Nasal, in Cattle i Catarrh, Nnsal, in Dogs -to Catarrh of Crop in Poultry 3S Catarrh of Stomach in Cattle 3 Catarrh of Womb in Cattle 2 Cholera, Hog ;>» Cholera in Turkeys 3^ Chorea in Dogs 3a Cold in Horses 1' Colic ij^ Condition, Loss of, in Sheep 30 Condition Powders for Horses 16 Congestion of Brain in Swine 31 Congestion of Lungs in Horses lb Contracted Feet in Horses ^^ Cough in Horses '^^ Cow Pox „^ Crop-Bound Hens ■ ^< Diarrhoea in Cattle 9 Diarrhoea in Dogs ^o Diarrhoea in Lambs ^' Distemper in Dogs g° Distemper in Horses ^" Drenching a Horse ^^ Dysentery in Calves * E Egg-Bound Hens 38 Epilepsy in Cattle g Erysipelas in Cattle ^5 Erysipelas in Swine ■^■^ Eve. Film on, in Horses Eyes, Sore, in Horses.... 22 23 Failure of Cow to Clean 6 Farcy - ■■ il Feathers, Hens Bating ^s Feet, Contracted, in Horses ^ Lockjaw in Sheep ^» Lumps under Jaw in Sheep oU Lumpy Jaw in Cattle 12 Paralysis in Dogs 35 Paraysis in Sheep ^^ Paraplegia In Horses *^ Physicking a Horse " Piles in Swine 5^ Pip in Poultry ^' Pleurisy in Horses i» Poisoning of Cattle bv Laurel 10 Poll Evil •• ]% Powders, Condition, for Horses lb Purpura in Horses 1« Red Water in Cattle 8 10 36 22 7 24 30 Roup in Poultry <»' Rumen, Impaction of ' Rupture in Colt ^' Rupture in Cow '» Rheumatism in Cattle Rheumatism in Dogs Ringbone Ringworm in Cattle . Roaring Rot, Foot, in Sheep Lungs, Congestion of, in Horses Lungs, Inflammation of, in Horses Lungs, Inflammation of, in Swine .. Lymphangitis in Horses M 36 20 33 12 20 38 Mange in Dogs Mange in Horses Mange in Swine Meningitis, Spinal, in Cattle Meningitis, Spinal, in Horses Meningitis, Spinal, in Sheep 27 Milk, Bitter 5 Milk, Bloody ^ Milk, Leaking of 5 Milk. Stringy 5 Mouth, Sore, in Cattle 12 Mouth. Sore, in Sheep 25 Mud Fever 23 N Nasal Catarrh in Catile 7 Nasal Gleet in Horses 19 Navicular Disease 15 26 22 24 23 8 29 Neck, Sore, in Horses 21 23 Ointments, Zinc and Iodine Open Joint in Cattle 7 Open Joint in Horses 15 Opthalmia in H.or?Pf? •• i& Opthalmia in Sheep -=» S Scabby Legs in Poultry Scab in Sheep *| Scab in Swine ^ Scouring in Horses :|» Scratches i% Sheath, Dirty :}^ Sheath. Swelled i% Sheep Bot Fly Shoe Boil Slobbering „- SnulTles in Sheep ^ Sore Eyes in Horses Sore Feet in Catttle Sore Head in Sheep Sore Mouth in Cattle ^ Sore Mouth in Sheep ^ Sore Neck in Horses ^{ Sore Throat in Cattle \\ Sore Throat in Horses j^ Spavin io Rnavin. Bog -^2 Spaying a Heifer.... ... ^% Spinal Meningitis in Cattle 1- Sninal Meningitis in Horses Soinal Meningitis in Sheep Splints ; • • ,V Sprained Ligaments in Horses Sprained Tendons In Horses ^^ Sprain of Foot in Horses }^ Stifled • •••••• •>; 11; "^^ Stomach, Catarrh of, in Cattle Stomach, Impaction of, in Horses. Stomach, Inflammation of, In Swine Stomach Worm in Sheep :^o Strangles ^^ Stricture of Teat Stringhalt ••. St. Vitus' Dance in Dogs Swelling on Leg of Horses 20 27 20 19 3 23 31 11 15 35 18 INDEX. iii. T Teat, Cracked ^ Teat, Injured ° Teat, Stricture of Ji Teething of Colt... ...... 1' Tendons, Sprained, In Horses ^i Thread Worms In Cattle !> Thread Worms in Sheep j' Throat, Sore, in Cattle 11 Throat, Sore, in Horses 14 Thrush 1* Thumps In Horses 23 Thumps in Swine •■• •■ ?* Thyroid Gland. Disease of, in Sheep.... J9 Ticks. Sheep 27 Tonic for Horses l| Tuberculins in Cattle » Typhoid-r^neumonia in Horses ^o U Udder, Swelled, In Mare ^ Ulcer, Chronic, on Horse f'\ Urlnarv Trouble in Horse -i* Urination. Difficult, In Cattle 9 Urine, Bloody, in Horses •• f' Urine, Incontinence of, in Horses i* V Vagina of Cow, Everslon of 9 Vomiting In Cattle 3 W Warts on Cattle IJ Warts on Horse's Ears 18 Warts, Blood, on Horses 20 Warty Growth 20 Water, Red, in Cattle 8 Weakness ixi Colt 21 Weed 1* Windfall « Withers, Fistulous 17 Womb of Cow, Bleeding from 1 Womb of Cow, Catarrh of 2 Wool, Shedding of » Worms in Dogs 36 Worms in Hoxses -" Wotrms in Swine ^2 Worms, Stomach, In Sheep 28 Worms, Thread, in Cattle 9 Worms, Thread, in Sheep 27 z Zinc Ointment 23 ^^^^ /^^W)P'i^ ^^'^S/#^'^ • '"••Hi. •T'^fc^- THE NEW FAMILY HEBALD OFFICES. The above cut shows the new home of the Family Herald and Weekly Star on St. Jan ^s street Montreol, now in course of erection. When completed it will be the handsomest and most perfectly equipped newspaper building in the Domiuiuu and will be surpassed by few, if any, in the Ignited States. THE WINNIPEG FAIR. %M ^H The Winnipeg Industrial Exhibition is a typical example of Western energy and enterprise. Though it is only nine years since it was established it is to-day in a financial position that many an older ex- hibition might envy, and as regards atten- 'ance. number of exhibits, variety an" ex- ellence of attractions, etc , it is excelled by busineas and professonal men of worth and integrity. llie presidents* have likewise been men of prominence and recognized abilty and have contributed largely to tur- ther the ijiterests of the exhibition, ihia year's president, Mr. A. J. Andrews, was formerlv Mayor of Winnipeg and though still a young man he is one of the most prominent and best known of its citizens The manager of the exhibition, Mr. i^. W. Heubach, has also been a tower of strength to the institution. No better man <:'oiikl have been chosen for the position, tor with untiring energy and constant vigilance he combines tact and courtesy and a dis- A. J. ANDREWS, President UMnnlreK In.Ui^trlal Exhibition. only one other exhibition in the Dominion the great Fall Fair of Toronto. There are several factors responsible for the wonderful success that the Winnipeg Exhibition has achieved and one ot the most important of these is the fact that it has been most fortunate in its manage- ment. Since its inauguration it has num- bered .amr.n'^ thp directors the most prom- inent and influential citizens of Winnipeg, F. W. HEUBACH, Manager Winnipeg Industrial Exhibition. position which makes him a favourite wiih all Since assuming the manfU!,tuship JMr. Heubach has left nothing undone to make the exhibition a success and the iinppriant position it noAV occupies ^s undoubtedly due in great part to the efforts of ;ts untir- ing manager. Y'l-y ■ ^- -' .V,, ir ■* 1 '^ O H m < 3 S; * ^- ":/ -SI family l)crald Gold medal One oi tb^ Most Valuable Prizes Offereo at the Winnipeg Exhibition. With a view to encouraging the breeding of pure bred xtoek in WoHtern Ctintida, tiie f)roprietord of the Family Herald and Week- y iStar of Montreal offer for competition at the WinniiJUg Exhibition every year a hand- some gold medal, to be awarded ta the ex- hibitor of the best herd of Sh'^'thorns, one bull and three females, owned by one ex- hibitor and bred in Manitoba or the North- West Territories. This medal was first pre- sented in 1898, when it was won by Mr. Walter Lynch, of Westbourne, M.in,, while last year it was awarded to Mr. J. G. Bar- ron, of Carberry, Man. The medal is one of the most valuable prizes competed for at the Winnipeg Ex- hibition, it is of solid eighteen-carat gold and of the same size as the accompanying cut. The obverse bears the crest of the Winnipeg Industrial Exhibition As.socia- tion, and the reverse the arms of the prov- ince of Manitoba. The medal is surmount- ed by a dcuMe-clasp, also of solid gold, bearing the winner's name. The accompanying cut is an exact repro- duction of the medal which Mr. Barron Avas fortunate to win last year. Each year the interest in the competition grows and the consensus of oi)inion regarding the medal is that it is as handsome a troi)liy as is offered at any exhibition in Canada. ^m yon €>Mtk for Sale ? fim you l)or$e$ for Sale ? ii)ave you Sbeep or Swine for ^k ? Rave you Poultry or Bees for $t«le ? Rave you a farm for sale ? TF so advertise them in the ***•■■ FAMILY HERALD AND WEEKLY STAR which is read by over one hiiiidred thou- sand farmers every week. An advertisement of the above nature costs only one cent per word for each insertion in the classified coumns, Write for sample copies and any particulars desired. The Family Herald and Weekly Star \ Montreal, Canada. I 4^»444^^^44>.>4^ ^4..f>^^4444444^4-M-M'4'f4-4^-»>:f4'-M"f4 Canada's Big Success. The Family Herald airl Weekly .Star, cnKir^od and improved, is meeting with a magnificent reception all over Canada and acrosri the border. Everywhere the people aro enthusiastic over C i ada's big new^v per success. Canadians point with piidc to the I'mily Heral 1 Weekly Star. In addition to being the acknowledged best agricultAiral paper printed, it is al^o admitted to be the best Weekly paper tor the news of the World. The Family Herald is linked by telegraph and cab' with every important point on the face of the Globe. Its weekly visit is a scarce of pleasure and profit to all members of the Family. To old and young it is alike interesting. It is read each week by three quarters of a million people. Each issue of the ^imily Herald and Weekly Star contains 192 big columns, equal to a book of 384 pages every week. A one dollar subscription mejfns 52 such books every year, and in addition to the 52 issues each subscriber recei/es extra a handsome coloured premium picture wriich alone is worth more than the dollar. Sample copies of the Family Herald and full particulars regarding pictures sent free oa application to any address. Cbe family lierald and lUeekly Stan MONTREAL. 4- Five Points ^ That IntereoT Farmers Si 1 Fully dealt with each week in The Family Heraldmd Weekly Star, Montreal.