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 SI=>EECI3: 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Hon. Mr. MACDONALD (Midland) 
 
 ON TIIK 
 
 IMPORTS AXD EXPORTS 
 
 OF THE DOMINION 
 
 Delivered in the Senate, ytli March, i8S() 
 
 Hon. 
 rose 
 
 Mr. MACDONALD (Mid land) 
 
 To call t' e attention of tlie House to the present 
 condition of the trade of the country, import and 
 export, in view of and in connection with the pro- 
 posal of the Government to open .up extended 
 'iommercial relations between Australia, South 
 America an ' the West Indies ; 
 
 Aftd enquire when the Government propoiie to 
 introduce any measure in relation to the sam^ ? 
 
 Ho said : To a lai'ge gathering aHsem- 
 bled last December in the Exchange 
 Booms, Georgetown, Demai-ai-a, composed 
 of the leadi. ig merchants, bankers, planters 
 and attorneys of estates and othei-s who 
 were good enough to afford me an oppor- 
 tunity of addressing them in, as I was 
 careful to state to them, an unauthoi-ized 
 way, as to the desirability of extending 
 commercial roiatione between their coun- 
 try and Canada, I promised : 
 
 Ifet. That immediately on my return I 
 would bring the subject before the Toronto 
 Board of Trade for its consideration and 
 action. 
 
 2nd. That ujpon the assembling of Par- 
 
 'ament I would, in my place in the Senate, 
 
 ' its attention to the subject, also, by 
 
 'ing a notice upon the Paper for the 
 
 jose of having it discussed^ and 
 
 ;d. That I should do everything in my 
 er, by m}' tongue and pen, to make 
 colony better known in the Dominion 
 I it had been heretofore. 
 
 I made these promises thinking pos- 
 sibly that the Government might beinflu- 
 oncinl to move in thatdireetion, but without 
 having the slightest idea that its policy 
 during the pivsont .Session was to take 
 that shape. The tirst of these promises I 
 lost no time in fnltilling, by the delivery 
 of an address before the Toronto Board of 
 Trade, and notwithstanding the announce- 
 ment of the Government as to its purpose 
 in relation to that traile, I see no good 
 cause why I should delay carrying out my 
 
 ri'omisein lelation to the Senate. IndeodLj 
 think it all the more fitting that what f 
 have to say should be said before the 
 Government brings tfown the pai'ticulars 
 of its plan. I may add that it is. now on 
 record as the expression of opinion of that 
 influential gathering in Demarara that 
 "they (its membeir; warmly desired 
 closer relations with the Dominion of 
 Canada." 
 
 This resolution they were good enough 
 to pass at the close of my address, and I 
 cannot, thei-efore, but express my gratifi- 
 cation that the trade openings which, to 
 my mind, British Guiana and these islands 
 present, which so invitingly await us, 
 which have been so long neglected and so 
 unwisely overlooked, are now in the 
 present Session to have the attention of 
 the Government, with a view of turning 
 them for both countries to the best pos- 
 sible account. 
 
 I was not, I must say, prepared for th€| 
 amouftt of interest whion these humbUi 
 
 u 
 
 I 
 
2 
 
 eflforts, nH far m thoy Imvo «one, appear to 
 have awaktii.Ml, but if I am to judge by 
 the niiml»eroflottoiH which f havoieceivo«l, 
 by those letters of introduclioii which' 
 I have wiittcn, by the people who have 
 made enquiricH, by those who have already 
 gone, and by (hose who are going to the 
 IslandH and to Hritish Cruiana, 1 have been 
 le<l to ask myself if these* be the results 
 which came fVom tlje observations of a 
 private individual, travelling for his own 
 pleasure, and bringing these under (ho 
 notice of the Board of Trade, what must 
 be, what may be, the result when the con- 
 centrated power ot the (lovornment is 
 brought to bear upon an opening so full 
 of inteiest to the j)cople of tliis country? 
 
 The Government ask the House for its 
 assent in providing subsidies tbr the im- 
 piovement of the Atlantic Mail Service 
 and tor the establishment, in concert with 
 Her Majesty's Government, of a line of 
 fast steamei's between Hritish Columbia 
 und China and Japan, and also a^k it to 
 consider the best nKxle of developing our 
 trade and securing direct communication 
 by steam witb Australasia, the West' 
 Indies and South America. 
 
 J shall ask your attention onlv to that 
 portion of the Goveinment's pol'icy which 
 relates to Australia, South Ameiica and 
 the West India Islands. 
 
 1 may be allowed, just at this point, to 
 say that one pressing need of ou. country 
 is that of population. 
 
 It is, ot course, self-evident that if our 
 population were double what it now is 
 that the pi-oportion of our debt per capita 
 would be just one lialf of what it is. 
 
 That our national works, in theconstruc- 
 tion of wliich our debt has been laigely 
 increased, would be turned to account in 
 an immensely increased measuie. 
 
 That our manufactuies, many of which 
 are worse than idle, would have enlarged 
 room for their productions, and that cir 
 farming community would have a greatly 
 enlaiged mai.ket for theii- pioducts. 
 
 This is not the time to discuss tnis sub- 
 ject, although I may «-ay that I believe 
 that additiv)ns of immigrants vastly in 
 excess of any who have yet settled among 
 us could be induced to add to the wealth 
 and the Importance of the Dominion by 
 becoming owners in fee simple of the 
 countless homes which await the settler. 
 But our policy is, under any cirCum- 
 
 Btances and at all times, (hat of the largest 
 possible commercial intercourse with the 
 largest possible number of friendly states 
 or nations. 
 
 To consider, then, the proposal of the 
 Government, look first at tiie colony most 
 remote from us — Australia. 
 
 It may be that there are mlvantages 
 greater than any that I have been able 
 to perceive which would accrue to the 
 Dominon by attracting the trade of the 
 Australians by the Canadian Pacific to the 
 old woild, and hence that may be a reason 
 for desiring rapid steam communication 
 with (hat colony. Whether or not that 
 
 would just ify any large e.xpenditure,or even 
 a mrKle:atee.\|)enditurein thatdirection, I 
 I leave i( with otiiers to determine; but for 
 all purposes of trade between the two 
 countries on anything like an extensive 
 scale, a moment's reflection will, I think, 
 <'onvince anyone that such an expectation 
 IS not likely to be realized. 
 
 In fact, the cause which led to the tardi- 
 ness of the discoveiy of Australia, that 
 of Its i-emoteness from the other poi-tions 
 of the glt>be, must necessarily act as a bar 
 to extended commercial jelations between 
 the Australias and Canada. 
 
 Nature has been most profuse in the 
 bestowment of her gifts to that country; 
 and, as though it were in view of her 
 being so far lemovcd from the family of 
 nations, has endowed hei- so richly that 
 she has within herself everything that a 
 nation reqiiiies to make it great, prosper- 
 ous and independent. 
 
 The Huperabundanco of her gold has 
 helped to change the value of commodities 
 throughout the civilized world. 
 
 Hci- coal and iron make her independ- 
 e!)t, so faj- as manufacturing is conceined, 
 of any nation on earth. Her climate is so 
 suited for wool-giowing that if but the 
 tenth part of her threo'million of square 
 miles weie peopled, and a reasonable 
 proportion devoted to sheep-raising, she 
 eoufd gi'ow wool enough to supply the 
 wants of the world; while the wheai 
 fields of Southern Australia are sufflci 
 to give food to the continent. 
 
 Indeed, it may be affiiined that 
 wants nothing. Her manufactures, 
 some departments, have reached a pei 
 tion far, far in advance of anything 
 have attained in Canada. I refer especi 
 to the manufacture of fine woollens, bi 
 
 t 
 
 \ 
 
8 
 
 and nnnow. niul nUo to th« finest niirH. 
 wrnpH an.l l.lanketH. fn these k-hkIs Lv 
 fur the finest exhibit at the (?nlii»i.hine« 
 oqiiaiiin^r ,„ peifeclion of eoloiinif and 
 oxcelleneo of finish anything, which could 
 1)0 pioduced in any pjut of the world 
 were those fiom the woollen mills of' 
 IJiinedin. in Xew Zealand. Almost every- 
 thin^r which wo have to offer she possesscH, 
 >^o that she looks upon us as her rival in 
 nearly all which coiistittites her wealth. 
 
 But apa-t from the f-ieat distance which 
 divides us, and the factof how little she 
 needs our manufactures, look at her popu- 
 intion, and then see how far apart even 
 those are scattered, ami it will I.eaiiparent 
 how unlikely it is for a paying' trade, or 
 indeed u lar^e trade, to spring up between 
 '»ofh countiios. 
 I find her population to be as follows :— 
 
 and lumber, but tor either Ontario, Quebec 
 or the Maritime Provinces I hco but little 
 prospect of a trade which would be at all 
 likely to grow at any time into large nra- 
 portions. ^ I" '• 
 
 I ha<l reached these conclusions entirely 
 from what I knew of the products of the 
 Austiahas—trom having seen them, and 
 -om thecoinmon sense aspect oftheca8e,in 
 taking into consideration thegreatdistance 
 wiMch sepai afes thetwocountries, as well a8 
 the scantiness of the poiMilation; and before 
 commg in contiict with any one who had 
 
 New South Wales 957,985 
 
 New Zealand r,^^^'^^^., 
 
 Queensland •'I.3 5''5 
 
 South Australia ;:;: iiJ^aa 
 
 Jftsmauia ,33 7,,, 
 
 Victoria. ... ... 1,009 753 
 
 Western Australia .'wJlSG 
 
 '""" 3,254,145 
 
 Hon. Mr. MACBOXALD (lU; )Zriow 
 recent are these figures ? 
 
 Hon Mr. MACDONALI) (Midland)- 
 These figures are taken f roni the States- 
 man s Year Book of 1887. 1 am not aware 
 it .r^' '"*^'; ^^''^'^tics. It is quite trio 
 
 «41,8J2, ,n 1873 to «446',019,1n 1888, or 
 of »-6,94fi per annum ; an increase so insig- 
 mnZ'n ? ?.^ ^" '"""'•'" ^''« statement 
 «u™r. fV ' ""^•'■"' •'•ffl«"'tie« which 
 hu iioiind the car/ying on of trade with 
 those distant colonies. 
 Coarse and cheap goods sent by steamer 
 
 7^,*; f ^" r1"''^y '^"^ '^' *''« q"^'^^^'*" i they 
 Z 1 f ■ T ''"^ .P'^««ibility stand thi 
 
 inn 1^ r/^''-^ "'^''' ^y '^^ «"d land. Fine 
 goods of their own hianufacture thev can 
 supply m with, and as for British go.^ls 
 tlieAustrahPn merchants stand deservedly 
 
 of^l?«"„ J '"111'"*" "^' ^^^ ^"''J »« mei 
 .1/ f '''^*''^^' «•«*'* 'Ability, great 
 uprightness every house of note having ' 
 > »< i-ngiish house in' London, in the Aus- 
 
 w- 'Ll""'"^*"' ""^ ***a^ great city. 
 With British Columbia something might 
 possibly be done to a limited extent in fish 
 
 attempted to oncn uj. trade between both 
 <-ount.ie.s, but having spoken with gentle- 
 men whe had ma.le tlie attempt, their 
 
 experience has W(.ndei-fully confirmed the 
 impressions which 1 had formed, in cases, 
 00 where the class of g,>o<|s in which 
 tfej dealt aj)pea red (.fall otheis the most 
 likely of finding a market, viz., furniture 
 and agricultuial implements. 
 
 In the case of furniture, then— the larjfo 
 and respectable concern, the Bowmanville 
 Manutacturing Co.— at the invitation of 
 he (royeinment sent out a shii.ment to 
 tlie Molbouine K.xhibition. The Ireiirht 
 was paid by the (rovernment, the local 
 c-harge. ,h.trayed by the Commissioners. 
 .So excellent was the work that first prizes 
 wore obtained. Under these circumstanJos 
 tlie go..,ls were sold and the sales realized 
 cost price. Invited to send out ro<ru|ftr 
 consignments of goods to theii- market, 
 the company expressed their readiness t<i 
 do so on being advised as to the class of 
 goods most suitable and most likely to 
 secure speedy sale. "^ 
 
 On the information being furniphed the 
 goods vyere sent. The prices realized 
 I were ruinous, and on receiving returns at 
 the end of two years, or thereabf)uts. the 
 company wfthdrew from the market. Mr 
 McArthiii', the manager, expressed much 
 interest in the facts which were brought 
 to ighf in the Toronto Boanl of Trade 
 addiess, in relation to South America, and 
 expres.sLu his readiness, on account of its 
 greater nearness, to open up a trade with 
 that market. 
 
 I The other case is that of the Massoy 
 Manufacturing Co., a company which has 
 rare tacihties for iurnishing agricuitural 
 imp ements, of which they are such larire 
 producers. ° 
 
 What has been their experience ? The 
 first venture of this large firm was the 
 
 01 
 
ooimignmont of « «hiiimciit fn „ r... I - -=i=;=s 
 
 ''»v«f.M..y-.lml,i,, view „f ,7,0 i'3' 
 
 while that of flic A,..r..n«iM,. n '"i .' .' 
 . :.!. ."^ '"'!*'*' ''^ "nm.^r,,i„ts from year to 
 
 n the consulemtion of this\/uo ' .m I T^"'^:^ '""'•^' '"^'ifi''^' in thJ w«v f 
 ?ot%t/!!^ ""^'^ !!-\" «"'i^"x o. St. 
 
 AuHtmlm, on the other hand, to be «. 
 
 From Quebec to Vancouv..r... """: 
 Vancouver to Svdney, ^'"'** 
 
 Honorable ^'ontlcmon will learn som« 
 
 o /'Sfm"' '^^'•^^•^""'•^•-- ^Vre«,linSMZrt 
 o 8.me(,n Jones, which thov have amE 
 their papers, an.l which will vcr w. n 
 repay « perusal. ^'> ^^*'' 
 
 .ro?frs;:KrB'Jr„f^t-'^ 
 
 w ny not take the diHtance from Vancouver '>""' of their Vast nronprfvu b"ild'»?8. The 
 to Australia ? ancouvei ^^^ 'r ;as property has been acquired by 
 
 „ „ pence." ""'''"'' ^'^ "ot possess a si/- 
 
 Hon. Mr. MACDONALDrMiHhnHA r • 
 
 men?"'?hr "^fVi'^ *^««^^^ ^rarg":: thaLome^>Cn"n'^^ ""-''^ «"ch statements, 
 Z.?i*«f "^^^ '*'''^''**<* «"« <>f ^he nearest shm.M T h' ? ''"'"'g'"ant«, chiefly Irish 
 
 -reatoi; Dan«iin, like tL«' "thlTy ,\"?™ i . ,,^»^^__Mk. JUODONA^^ (B.C.)_Dtt 
 
 in«|they offerfroo g™„i; of^';:;, ffi 
 
 •e? 
 
 I 
 
' 
 
 I 
 
 ft 
 
 "•- ." ... .:;;';i, I'i'^- ■ >■ '-w- , ^sz ^2 ;':,;;;;:/ ::;";;''■ ■" -"" 
 
 Amazon. winMisj;{(ioo»,,M'' •'v.,,- f|„. »10H.;{1'4 ;>«iv „ ^, JiV'l'r,^"'' '^^4 whs 
 
 paied with A list, i' ''""^'' "^ «'•"»- fo l»o gllH^V.^Vu;. ."'''' "'" ''«'>» <>'' 1888 
 
 tho porl iieaiN . I -^ ''xHi^'ikmis to us, nu-nf nn . . *""' "'« "'"'"ul Dav- 
 
 p.-.»luol«. '"""> "f ""■■ "'''«..'^^ln„(b,.",„"l M,', , , "',"" 'l"'y wo™ at 
 
 T» ^ • ■ ^ oions on railwavR 
 
 'oZtvtr^ r'" »"-. "'"■'» y*'y .^^Jr--^'^ ,IZ"' 
 
 with the nast to i! i . P'' ^^i*^"' to-day quia river' ^""""»ti- 
 
 to periods do S'ff'l'^P'^®*^""""*, as . IVXT T'^i''''^"^^''^ 
 
 covering fifteen years,a pe,' JlffoVeSolt '^ ''"''"''^••••- "'«'»'''« 
 
 ^ ' ^°**> -iHw^ 
 
In iwldition wo have oxponditiin* for Tl^JWroxam,,U^ wofak.. tlu.iotal im^M,|.tH 
 
 Princ.. Kdwanl IhI«ii(1 lUllway... $2IH0«H i f"" *''*' >''''"" '^^•*' ^^•' '''"' ♦»•<»'*«' '<> "HVtt 
 
 C.pe BrtMon K«ilw«y m,im r^'"' •12H.1'1.V,H2, wliilc fhiiMofor 1888 
 
 Short Line Hallway 209,360 | art' 11 10,8!»4,«k{0. oi- H..im' «I8.0(M),(H>0 Iohh 
 
 Total $l~ilM , ' I"«>P""*' It'avin^r to otliris 'Mic' lank of 
 
 ! provm^ that tlio vxitciidiLirt' in wa^cH in 
 
 frt. I .1 ... . |»'X(;eMH of tin' (ixiK'ntlifiiiv imid hv mann- 
 
 m.d then, that a-comparo-l with 18741 rmtinorK for thV natno i, .rpo,.o i„ t « 
 
 our '... .Kat.onH are t.Mlav •17.HMI,528- yoa,^ 1874 and 1875, or >ith Ir .1 ho m 
 
 mor;, than doublo what tUy thn, woro.'will ho o.n.al to thi^ dofioionoy. I S 
 
 xMow. (»t this onorn.ouH oxpondituro, dimply endeavor to Had a cause for the 
 
 exceptKn to any .torn, let ,m enquire in as t.» what wo eonsutno as to what we 
 wmtrdat.ondothose works, as well as furnish, not so nuud. as ,o what wo v ,s 
 our ohh.^at.ons, stan<i to the trade ..f the to what we sell, not so nu.ch as to wh a we 
 
 mZ .7. ''"" "";' r^ \ ^^''1'! ''"«" *''« ' '"'^ "'•<"' <>.n- ••a.kH or that wi.h Jvl • Z" 
 meehaitexpectwh<.enlar«eshisproraiHes;a.lornour houses «« to what we product 
 anddo.d,losoveryexiH(in«aKenevine<.n. fn.m our looms, what we send f.lTn, ur 
 
 XTZ'i^'\^"'f''''\y^'y' this mities,. our forest, our tisherie.s and o 
 8impl>, that hiH tra«le would, in conse- farms— what the result t.) the oountrv in 
 
 ^ What is't'hTer 'T ""'"'rli I "'' ^''.« '•'^'"•''•^' •"•"^'>' "*' "-' ^'ovenmfon 
 
 What IS the oxpoelalion oi the manu- to its manufaotures. Surely we are 
 
 fucturer who make «reat^ additions to his ! entitle.l to look, after such an oxpenditur 
 
 plant and perfect, his huihlin^ and ma- Tor K'reat result; What are they ? ' 
 
 ^'"■.^/P""* '""r '•'« y^^' •888 were $ 90.203,000 
 
 And for 1874 they were 89,351 928 
 
 Or a difference of. | 8B1,072 
 
 1 do not think that objection can ho 
 taken to my statement when 1 say that 
 such resultrt, under 8uch oircumatances. 
 to use the very mildest phrase, are disap- 
 pointing, such as should load to searclung 
 enquiry, with a view of reachimr the 
 needed remedy. I «nd that we aie dointf 
 with Britain to^lay «40,U04,!»84, against 
 •45,003,882 in 1874. We are doing with : 
 
 Portugal in 1888 $1S5,R21 against $193,463 in 1874 
 Itay 55,090 " 190,211 " 
 
 Holland ;)78 " 14,»06 '< 
 
 Belgium 17,057 " 240,494 " 
 
 Newfoundland 1,523,829 " 1,569.079 " 
 West Indies 2,001,486 " 3,778,796 " 
 
 Whj', that he will have a corroHpond- 
 ingly incioasod production with a conos- 
 pondingly increased income ! 
 
 Is it unreasonable, therefore, that with 
 the enormously increased facilities which 
 these weighty flgures imnly that weshould 
 look for a correspondingly increased 
 volume in the trade of the Dominion ; that 
 with the enormous expenditure on rail- 
 roads, on canals, on graving docks, on 
 harbors, on riven^, all important factors 
 m the development of the trade of any 
 country, that we should enquire, fiom a 
 trade stand-point, what has boon the result 
 of all this outlay ? Has it boon to make 
 the manufacturing power of the country 
 felt at homo ? Has it been to make Canada 
 a power in the markets of the world? 
 Obseive, I do not include the amounts 
 allowed to Pi-ovincoa or of the expendi- 
 ture upon Dominion lands. My lomarks 
 apply only to the large outlay on rail and 
 
 ■water courses for the purpose of perfecting 
 our modes of coram uncation, and in i-efei- 
 ence to this large expenditure I ask, what 
 have we to show, so far as our trade is 
 concerned, in the form of productive 
 results ? I grant we have the woi-ks. hut 
 to what extent and in what manner have 
 they contributed to swell the business of 
 the country ? 
 
 having actually done with these countries 
 »(>,452,187 more in 1874 than in 1888: 
 with the United States, Fi ance, Germany, 
 Spain, South America, China and Japan 
 Australia, and what is tabulated under the 
 head of other countries, we are d- ingmore 
 the difference being $7,403,059, or in other 
 words, the increased tiado with these 
 countries has done little more than counter- 
 balance the !o.h.4 s^ustained in the others, 
 the excess over the loss beinif under 
 $1,000,000 in fifteen years ! 
 Indeed, had it not been for the gain 
 
(I 
 
 with tho Uniewl stafoM. with which on..n 
 try w« .li,|. in IH8H. » InT of I /:^47^ 
 ".-<« than wo ,!i.| ,H74 (hu nnr.^Hv 
 enough not n.o,v ,h«„ ./r.wth im?| 
 Uollarn ,n cx.vsh of our fra.lo w , /. 
 
 tlm(«vc^yn,o,nlH>.of,his|Io,,'cwn. n :' 
 ««|;l «s nn.sari.(a,.,o,.y „.„ ,„ ^l!;^ 
 
 J^ ""u.t.icM. on «h,. hasis or^.o<H|.t.nf.Mc., 
 
 >!• «-onHnn,p.,on an.l oxporUHl,' ,hc' l' 
 
 lowuitf f|;ruros, nanioly : ' ' 
 
 ForiKHH"'* *''''''''''' ""' ^^■■»-»-'»".75«.0!»7 
 1!>."{,(»5(M(»(» 
 
 JL "" ,^'''\- »■'!'• 1H74 over 18HH of 
 
 • iI0.«.»4.M<» fhon, must remain the Mini 
 
 r. a^'c'H, ,.|ofhi,rK an.l woarin^ apparol 
 • .luKuan.1 twin.., n,,,.,,., fu,AZ,mi 
 
 ^r. sHwar... Krin,|„,o„., pla,,,, \)^;ZZ 
 V«- ••"I-. ...lia rnhh'or. nu,n ftiu-tu en 
 
 >» H«'H <in.i iron n.ad.in.u-y Howi,,^ 
 
 »"'l "liooH harncHs an.l himLILmv. lin... and 
 
 r «-oun(nc.s, noap. „„„,.,,^ J.,,,,,,, ' 
 ""•'•';•• ;'<Kur. t.,l.»,.,.,, ^v.:„| |»,,"|h 
 hon..h..M tarnitn:.., wo..lU.n.-.i:'S; 
 
 Our Tra.le an.l Xavi^jation Import for 
 
 tvol^ T''^'''V'M'''n,tiv.MaM.of;h, 
 
 xports nn.h>r fhoi,. res port ivo hoa.lin^H 
 
 o nnci that the cxporlN »;„■ ,|„. ..,..,,. 
 |1«H „n,lor tho lH.,l.| of n.annn:.tu;.:: 
 
 A.i.i •v;;- tins ••;hip:-^iiHr-;; *-''-''«•'- 
 
 , '^"^''"'" 7H1V00 
 
 oi »«_ 1^5.4(0 exported from thecoimtrv 
 tomal<on.,tlK,M,m..f«l{»;M,r,OiO(» ' 
 
 reasonahlv look for Nalistactorv fiir,„.os 
 %...0H which will demonstrate? how o»; 
 mannhu-.urerH hav,. fuminhed evi, om-e of 
 
 ine policy fi.uy ),„^.,, eniovfd in fh.. 
 
 chunietcM-andextontoftheiiixports. ''' 
 i^et us see, then, of what items thoso 
 
 Produce of the mine « , „o„ .„„ 
 
 Fisheries * Jr"9,48fl 
 
 Forest 7.871,105 
 
 Anir,iul8fln.J i»'eir produce;:;;:: fn'To'Tn i 
 
 AKncutiural products 20 n??'J^? ' 
 
 Aittnufiicturis iOiH.o.-J.JS 
 
 MiscellftneousaVticles;.".';;;: '''Hi'}?;!^ 
 
 Com aud bullion 897..y).} 
 
 Estimated amount sp^nratiii-Uud ''''' 
 3,08J,.322 
 
 $!»0. 20^,000 
 
 W«. have, then, as the result ofo«rcxneii 
 diture on railways, canals, rivern harK" 
 
 what^^f ;:' '( '' r'-'^ e-vport'tnule f 
 What 18 c asse(i undei- the head of manu 
 factiires of «4,G1«,953. "' 
 
 . This, be it rememheied, includes evo..v 
 imaginable kind of manul^c u "n^' ^Zr 
 
 "gncultuml impk.me„t«, boo™.,' ^nSs 
 
 I In all «'j fn , -i^t 
 
 I ,,! "•'<• t'"H item, .ha,- ;;;• shipsS;.!; 
 
 i ll''!»«hentere.lasun.h.ra.li;tin,VC 
 
 I 1 rind under the same he'idin.r »i. 
 exports for IHTH to he «5 »r>' ft J ." 
 faking hoth years, an average of «4 m^i 
 -<».•. m other words, an avenge 'r^^'Sfil 
 K-eater per annum than ..ur exm>rtTslHfj 
 "'"'«<• this head for IHHH ' •^P''''''* «how 
 
 These tables unfold nomo curious results 
 
 to al distinci loM (»f the ship'-buiLlin-imGr 
 OHt, .hips be ng built at Qlieboc i Ih"] to 
 the value of «7H2,!)t)0. Ships were soM 
 to other coiintr es, in the vear ^H7r * T 
 
 tantindustryfortryiJ'TirE" 
 the exports under the head of leath«.h Lj 
 
 maniifactu-es of leather to ■ H7 'a^^ ""^, 
 
 foi 1888 the amount un.ler the same hZd 
 
 •H put down at $m,2-M not one h«lAT 
 
 , "mount of that exported in IsX ""^ 
 
 I %»;es. and ^^J^.^I^f^^^^^^ . t^e^e 
 jH^-^^imak^thee.,^^^^^ 
 
 Idon t think,then, that with our wonder- 
 
8 
 
 ^ 
 
 fully ltirm.HO.1 r«,.iliii,H an.l „.,r onor- 
 m..uH|y innoiiMtMl ol.li^aliotn tliH view of 
 ouroxportK ,,,„ K„ r,.^,,,,!,,,, „, „ j 
 
 l.a, .lu. ,.o|i,,v or ,|M. (JovoLh.,., 
 
 Ht »„.„.,. „„.| prut.M.I o,,,. |,o,„„ „,„„„. 
 
 |« n..i I., |,ml.| up an oxpoit ha.lt. I M.ii.k 
 
 lliy ';•.'"• "'"' '• ••"*-''" '•• '•*' '» ••'<• 
 l". IT ' "'""""'"''"'""■«'•« ilHit ilNlioiiM 
 
 IimK'ihI, iIm-iv is II., ,,,10 flasH w|,i,.|, 
 woul.l iK.iiofil inniH. I.y a.i oxtnuKnl oxport 
 M-"U<! than (Mir iuaiiutacfiiM.|H, and the 
 most Mi^.iial HO. Vic. til,. (J..v..nniu.nt coiiM ' 
 i-«n(lor to fh.wn uoiiM l,o t.. makr. as fast 
 aHalM.voniim.iii .an niuU... i|„. oponi,,,, 
 iij> now maiJa'ts to tlioni availal.l,. 
 
 ln.loo.l if the ai-uniont of p:„t«Hfiii.r 
 homo in.luHtiios moans anytliinir .>ii tho 
 pa.t ol thoHi. who a.lvocato tl.o pojiov 
 It nioans t ho invosiin^ of ,ho 'man.,: 
 tutf mor with ^'loaliw powoi-s, of „|,ii.K|. 
 in^' him fiom compotition. and thiisenahl- 
 inj,' him to push his man.ifaotiiros into 
 murhct.s iHyon.i thoso of 'on,- own 
 l>«>iiiiiii(,»n. 
 
 1 havo rofoiTo.1 only u, tho -i-osh amount ' 
 of our iinports oon.parin^ i„„h j,,,,^ 
 It may ho jiroHtahlo li)r a inomont or two ' 
 t.. look at thoso iiioro olosoly, as thor« may 
 bo kMHons to ho drawn from suoh a loviow ' 
 which miKht othorwiso ho ovorlookod 
 
 I have Htalod (hat tho total imports' for 
 1874 wore «lL'H,2i;{,582 and fiw 18K8 «11(>. 
 niii' ,'i " ^•'*'''«"<'" «>t al^)ut $1H,0()(». 
 "1H». I have said, 1 would soo whotlior wo 
 can «iHoo;-tain whoic iho loss ha,s ooeurrod 
 and it pos.sihlo dotorinino the cause. Wo 
 «nd the most serious falling off h.iH hoon 
 with (,reat Britain, where tho diflorenoo 
 
 wU .'Th' '!'i "" ""^^ '''"'•'<' "'^ compared 
 Wo ai-o also doing less with Newfound- 
 land and with the West Indies than we 
 did Joiiiteen years ago. Our trade with 
 the United States, with France, with Spain, 
 with Portugal, with Italy, witli Belgium 
 has reniained m.ioh the same as it was 
 then, while it han increased withOlermany, 
 Holland, Smith America, (?hina and Japan 
 Switzerland, and what is tabulated a.s other 
 countries. 
 
 ,. .^®\".'* """L«eoJf we can account for 
 
 this fallini' off Wp fin{\ thai *K- 
 „ -'cr -*-• "« nna tnal ihu amount 
 
 ot duty paid upon imports in 1874,1 
 
 amoiinUng to 11 28.21. 1.582, Inolurjini, ft^ 
 anddiitiahlogo.).|s, was 114,421.882, and 
 
 • in .8!i4,,.|„ ^,.„„ |22.ifn!i,(;»i. r.r in oiLt 
 
 «oids, (hal up,m g.HHis n^prosenting in 
 
 aluo alMMit II^tMMf.tmu loss we paid duty 
 
 <'lla>o.xtent|7.787,7.'i!l,noro, lint this is 
 '•t all, h,r wo fin.| of this iM0,8!»4 ti.jo 
 
 ».1.I,J0I 27,. and that the <lutiahle go^Hln 
 "I""' which »22,lH7.8f{!» has hoon colh-otod 
 amount only t<, the sum of ««{«) «;45 8'>4 
 »<" il.al upon this sum an average dirtr 
 
 a^l'n.nimid. This, i, appears to me. ough 
 to K, a sufllnoni answer to the ouostion 
 
 7 ••N|Ch..l.hink.tohocon.Mnoi;:g^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 that whatevo, henefil tho existing pojioy 
 
 '"»y have hoon to individuals it oann<,t l«, 
 
 '"'' "V"^" •'««» »'^'l|'t'«l to the export 
 trade of the country. ' 
 
 1 1 must ho «d,soivod that with ovorv 
 country \yith wliich it is proposed to open 
 up .'Xtendod communication wo have l.ml 
 
 w h .South America, and more recently 
 Willi Australia. ^ 
 
 1 have endeavored to show that our 
 trade xyith Australia is not likely, hy roa- 
 , -^on ot Its great distance and other causes 
 evor^to ,lovoh,p into large m-oportioiis. Fii 
 this I may ho mistaken, /trust I am. 
 
 Ihe West Indmn tshinds, contiguous to 
 •1-, needing the very commodities which 
 "0 liavo t<, ofler, having many of tho arti- 
 cioswhich wo require forour own coasump- 
 t ion, and containing a |K)pulation en ual to or 
 rather laigei' than tho Dominion of'Canada 
 are markets in a very special manner 
 worthy all tho eflbrts which we can put tor- 
 ward to .secure and retain their trade. What 
 the possibilities are which are open to us 
 there I endeavored to put before the 
 loionto Boanl of Trade, as the result of 
 »».> own personal observation durintr a 
 recent visit to .several of the most import- 
 ant of tho,sc islands as well as to British 
 (.Tuiana. 
 
 Much that I there stated I am not now 
 going to repeat, nor indeed is it necessary 
 as the loronto Board of Trmie sent copies 
 
 as v..„ xu.wmo jjoaru oi irmJe sent copies 
 ot the address to tho various Boai-ds of 
 irado in tho Dominion, as well as to the 
 members of the Senate and the House of 
 Commons; and whatever the information 
 may be worth it is now In the hands of 
 hon. gentlemen. Yet there are facts in 
 
 ) 
 
 t 
 
 I 
 
 4> 
 
In 
 
 4i 
 
 Canada 
 Feather* (IIm.) ., 
 
 {;:iHhinKi„..ki,. (value)::::;:, „j^ 
 
 ► ru.f. .hio.l (vHl ) I 5 ,,,„' 
 
 |jla-<swuio (viil.) ' .j|,^ 
 
 In HhiI„Ho,w Hh-v .In $4 (.. .,„r 81 
 ;V"'*' '" •IVini.la.l ilH.ir tra.l.. in .over.' 
 tim..s;;n.af."i- fhun ours, tlu-ir (m.lo in that 
 
 anj «x(t.n,|o,| iok.it.iu.o to Hkiiicn. altl,<,„,r|, 
 
 tl.oy aro, to my own min.l, nn inton'stini; 
 
 H upon tl.u.r , iscovcy, thoy woro ntarf- ^ 
 
 "•A'. I must, howovor, lofiM- to tiarnvH 
 
 rolatin^r to one of o,,,. own c.lonioH-I ' 
 
 noan N..wt<,.in(llan.l-wheio fh« maikot : 
 
 I'kot.at oftho WoHt Indian maH o is I 
 
 «i'nc.| l.y the Unito<l Stato.an.l ou.sXVi ' 
 
 wh. ', thoy heat UH i„ the ^Yo.l In.lics. wt, ' 
 
 beat u,„nnx\ewfoun<llan<l,th««.M,.litions 
 >u i»oth niHOH hoin^Mniilar I 
 
 To HHti«ty myself on this point I went 
 
 to the ti-oublo of disseotini/ the entire 
 
 «nm<.,ts to the island from iK.th conn os 
 
 »n'l with thefollowin^r,.eH„it:_ ' 
 
 To Newfoundland Canada sends : I 
 
 Sliet'p K Aor ' 
 
 rnited States sends.:.::.:;:;.;;:;;:; v'onB 
 
 Apples— i^one 
 
 Canada ooq* i, i 
 
 ^ United States..:..::::;::::.:.-;;;:- f-Si ^>'- 
 
 Appl.-s, Dried— '^* 
 
 Canada sends ook ik„ 
 
 Beef-^""*"^ States sends ;;;::;;;; ii,460 '< 
 
 (■anada sends i ua i.-i^ 
 
 United States sends .:; I'em '' 
 
 Biscuit— i,o».i 
 
 Canada sends i lofi „«•• 
 
 United States sends ' 4, "'• 
 
 Mardwaic 
 
 «b ». »nd first that the Mnite-I States .|o <:.n«d..,.„d« . ,,. ,. 
 
 • «besc, ,„i,„„i, „ ,.„,„ .y-'"'-' ««•'«- .ond....z::::.::.::::io:5??'^ 
 
 "'" we do-that that tm-fo is done, ly "'"Cu ,.,„.. 
 
 nu-nun ,h.. ve,y .dass of <.on,m.Hliti.,s i',l- ^ I'nPi^^erHi:^;:^: S'Jj; 
 
 whieh we are admiral, y ...luipiKvl ,„ , '■"ncv lli..uiis- ^*<^*^ 
 
 mat.y artieleK. indeed, whi.f. lhey!Tor.|er ' '— ' " ' 
 
 n.H. 
 
 lH,H7tJ 
 lH2,Hm> 
 
 2n,7(}.''. 
 
 fl.144 
 
 2 1, mi 
 
 .'(."SO 
 
 7.i,H4;» 
 
 H,2!)| 
 
 !M),!M);i 
 
 '.•(M» 
 
 17 
 
 i,:'7a 
 I7.;w7 
 
 .'KJ.r.tM! 
 UHti 
 
 11.1 ' 
 
 4(1.1, .13.1 
 
 5,042 
 
 .350 
 
 .12 
 
 \l,2Hr> 
 
 62 
 
 9,S1.1 
 
 II, .19.1 
 
 7,(J10 
 
 (vhI.) IJTM 
 
 Urd(vui) .' 'j",;;.-^ 
 
 iA-aihrr(vfti.) ;:;;; ;,,,;,.;, 
 
 j.eiitlur Miiri'(val.) m nt 
 
 l.umlici(tt.) .3 •jn'^i', 
 
 Ijressed lumber (ft.). ....:..': i'7ii'>r 
 
 «•"';'•'• /v«M '.$'^:^i 
 
 «tat aim poultry (val.) 
 
 7 
 
 .V12 
 
 .12. H.^ 7 
 
 oiax.scH (Kali.^.) .jl lift 
 
 Misrellaneous (val.) ...'u •»7''«o 
 
 <>aiM(vai.) '. • r'-;-;^ 
 
 Oatmeal (val ) :;:::" 7. loo 
 
 h'T-'f^'" "i' (lf»l) 8:3»7 
 
 I'aiul (val.) , |g^ 
 
 PrintiriK p„per (val.)...:;;; 4..'569 
 
 I'ea.M (hrls.) ., 7,.,, 
 
 I'ork (hrls.) :; J'J'I*' 
 
 {•otatoe.d.us.).. ]2H,'5B5 
 
 ReH.Jy-made clothing, val.$ 1.175 
 
 '" ' ' 4,479 
 
 2»i8 
 
 oijions (vHi:).....:::::;;:::::::^; J;J||:J 
 
 Wood ware (val.) 7 ijr, 
 
 "oollens. Cotton (val.) J.' 154 
 
 .Vewfoundland imports from the 
 
 United KiuRdom jK 1 on nni 
 
 From Hritish Colonies ...:::::.: * •''^i C« 
 
 I- rom foreign countries :;; i.'sn, 168 
 
 Total 
 
 Tallow (val.) 
 
 Vejfctable.s (bus.). 
 
 571 
 12,0HH 
 27,097 
 
 .$ 0,020,036 
 
 -. ^. ,T . . — e receives 
 
 trom the United .States «1,(J72,S10. She 
 
 of which latter amount she receives 
 
 Books 
 
 r 
 
 Canada sends (value) §a 9.11 
 
 Butter-"*^ States sends (value) .Z %'] 
 
 Canada sends 1 ,4, -wf 
 
 ^ United States sends 87« ^' 
 
 Canvas— ""' 
 
 Canada aend.o f vnlite) *!« aii 
 
 United States sends...::!.";:.:' 5'»^''*-* 
 
 Cheese— *'' 
 
 Canadasends on^ «»4 
 
 United States sends:.:.:::.:::.:::.:::.::; 2! « 
 
 I 782; Brazil, $1,02!>,!>35. 
 I Nmv, while the United States heat us in 
 I the West India Islands in bread butter 
 I cheese, bi.scuits, flour. lard, modicne, meat' 
 I poultry and oatmeal, in every one of these 
 i commodities we beat them in Newfound- 
 land, and while 1 have shown that their 
 } trade IS lar^^er in each oftho West Indian 
 ) colornos than our is. in ,.ome of them n« 
 j much as seven times greater than oui-s. 
 j our trade m Newfoundland fs greater in 
 volume than is the trade of the United 
 
10 
 
 ♦KjT^- ^y '■"'r'^ "" argument other than 
 thw iH needed to provo that if ^ve can beat 
 the United States in ho many Trt^cI^H 'n 
 Newfoundland there in no reason why thev 
 should beat UH, nt they now do ,V he 
 same a.-ticles in the West Indie no 
 
 hTm^/r ^^'^l"^ ""* beat 'hem in 
 the West Indies an<l South America. 
 
 «nmiy-^ ''"J'*'"'*' *his trade thei-e must be 
 something more than fast steamers -ind 
 
 theio must be a manifest friendly feelin- 
 on ho part of the Ciovernment^o inv te 
 ^J^^ f'^'^'' '•^'"."^'^' b>' the remove 
 wav ofTh« I '""'/"•";'^ may exist in the 
 Tmlfnu^ '"'^ff i"''' ^■^'^"^t^ commercial 
 m d hvH •"' ""^K^'"-' *'^ the largest extent 
 and by the purchase of what tf?ey have t< 
 
 otr want '' r"'^*^^"' '' T "^^'^^ -^^' ' 
 oui wants. I may say the possibilities of 
 
 the«e Inland, for the l^^owlf and profiuc- 
 ' Safo • h"'"'''"'"''. ^'"•"odities arJ vastly 
 gi eater than we, without personal examina- 
 tion, are prepaied to realize. 
 For example : They can grow as good 
 
 world, and only want the encouragement ' 
 
 Sent'^r'^/'^r.^ ^'^^'^ (^« afiSd 
 field of «n/' '"'^ *^ ^"te,. upon this new 
 frf/f ''f <^"t«''P"«e as one of the articles of 
 mterchange between both countrie , and 
 to that extent at least furnishinL/new 
 materia for return cargoes. It may bT 
 
 Srlt'"^ *'■ """^^ *h« character 7the 
 caigoes similar to those which we can 
 supply which are consigned to thosrma"! 
 
 numbfi, wh™ k^'t'^ ^"^ ^'^^ from among a 
 number which I possess, the contents of a 
 
 sch^oneT'^^w' '^T^ ^^fb^ three-masted 
 scnooner '' Wm. Hayes," twenty-four davs 
 from ^ew York, 382 toLs. HeJe a^-e tK 
 
 poiK, luo brls. of pork head^ • fin k,.i . 
 oatmeal; 50 brls. oilCeal ; 60 bVls la.-d 
 
 Sso Vq?n ''T*'''"^'^'"^"«5 150 boxes 
 o to.' ljf?«^«««'<cj;o«eneoil; 75 brls. 
 
 Sf l!i' f i™; ""''' 5 ^''ate« ham; 200 
 bnf 'il-^'^' ^'^^ "^««^ cornmeal 125 
 brs h?if P.T' ^^^ ^"'^dles brooms; 5 
 h±h'Attba"S'. 30 -^««-- beef;' 2| 
 WPhi^and's^dS'^'i'^-' ^«'^^«l 
 
 arttcir'll ^t'hf ''^ '""" ^bat almost every 
 article in this cargo, which I may say is 
 
 uStersttV^^'^^^"'^'^^'^ ««"t"'^-^h" 
 united States to that market, could b» 
 
 I ''"' Amoncai, import, to Ihi "ono i»rt 
 
 , month, and also at what we find at thi« 
 one port to be the average mon hly con 
 
 hnSr^r ^' '"^' *^"' *be Amirk'n 
 impoitslor one month in the followini. 
 articles to be: Floiir, 6,147 brls em n^ 
 meal 210 brls; oats, 2o5 bags;' c^o n 
 ,050 bags; split peas, 495 brt. pork' 
 1,060 brls.; beef, 114^ brls.; hamr26 ' 
 cmtes; cheese, 150 bols; oleo'mm-gaHne 
 250 cases; lard, 429 cases; lard oil 80 
 cases ; kerosene, 3,900 cases ; tobacco 7 
 hhdH.; pitch and tar, 181 brls.'; mules, 1 4 
 Ihe avera-^e monthly consumption at 
 
 I 500 brl?'"''' L^'^"'' ^l'«0" brls.TreaS 
 [500 brls.; crackers, 400 brls.; cornmeal 
 
 pork iloo hfP' ^P^i P"«^' ^'^0 bil 
 Ese S r. '• ' ^^^' I'^^O half-brls. 
 Cheese, 500 boxes ; hams, 50 crates- oleol 
 
 obico 2^ hSV ''""T^ ^'000 ^'^^es 
 looacco, 25 hhds.: su phuric acid inr 
 
 cases; pitch and tar, 150 bHs ho s'es 4 
 mules, 25; sheep, 200. ' ' ^' 
 
 Surely here is evidence of a market 
 open to us inviting us, and'the qrstfon 
 may well be asked if this is the VvevaTe 
 monthly consumption at this- one 3 
 what must the iVeeds be of the eiSh'e 
 West Indian Islands ? Still more Gules! 
 on'e'r fo" r'^ ^**be imports 7fhL 
 Joeet, 4,8i,8 brls. ; bread, 420,229 brls • 
 bricks, 2,508,792; butte'r, 494,232 lbs •' 
 tallow candles, 39,020 lbs'.; cheese, 202 ^ 
 ilVwl ^«'»- cheese, 73,844 lbs. ; coals 
 52,599 tons; confectionery, 71,533 lbs • 
 
 aned, 72,141 cwt.; flour, 138,744 brls ■ 
 hams and bacon, 260,811 'lbs.; 'hay, 959: 
 la'd 402'oirff ^r'V' ^'^52,082' lbs ',- 
 raLthr'Srri^'-' ^'"^^^''' 8,924,362 feet 
 
 o7Bllll4Y'4fs""oieom:' '''''' 'T.^^- ' 
 482 1bs.;oniont l.bt78TlS""Ll^S 
 beans, 106,427 bush. ; soaps, 1 401,935 lbs - 
 
II 
 
 ?Sn.,^^- ^•^' ^^^'^<^2; leaf tobacco, 
 709,607 lbs.; staves (R. O.), 904,859 
 m:iniifactuied tobacco, 39,791 lbs. 
 
 These articles do not by any means 
 rop'-esent the total imports foi- the year 
 1 have only noted the articles in which 
 we have a direct interest, nearly every 
 one of which we can supply. 
 . What a market do these figures prove 
 IS open to Canada in these colonies' It 
 will doubtless have occuned to hon 
 gentlemen that no reference has been 
 made to the manufactmes of our country 
 tor which, in my judgment, there is also 
 a most favorable opening. Two manu- 
 facturers agents, at least, are now anxious 
 to test the opening. 
 
 I have heard •' used as an objection that 
 the employme rf steamers in this trade 
 would mean luin to the fishermen of Nova 
 bcotia and Newfoundland, and I can only 
 express my surprise that anyone should 
 venture such a statement. Suppose for 
 one moment that we set our face against 
 the using of steamers, because our Halifax 
 and Newfoundland merchants own sailinir 
 vessels which they employ in this trade 
 will that settle the matter? Can we 
 assume that if we do not use steamers 
 the United States will not use them? 
 Nothing of the kind ; they are using them 
 to-day, and are u^iing them to the disad- 
 vantage of the meichants from Halifax 
 and Newfoundland, from the simple fact 
 that they can, by steamer, send three 
 cargoes for every one which can be sent 
 by sailing vessels, and are so sendinif 
 them. ° 
 
 Again if fish is a perishable article, is 
 It more likely to open in fiesh and in its 
 prime condition after a passage of ei^ht 
 days than it would be aftei- a passage of 
 twenty-four in the tropics ? No class of 
 persons would be so likely, in my opinion, 
 to beneht by such a change as the very 
 class ot persons who, it is claimed, would 
 be injui-ed. 
 
 I am glad that I am able also to dis- 
 prove a statement which I hsid to meet in 
 the West Indies, and which I was unable 
 to contradict—that is, as to the character 
 ?"^,^P".^''® «f oui* floui-, as to the flour 
 Itself being unsuilodfor a tropical climate 
 and the price being too high. Both of 
 these objections are dealt with by prac- 
 tical men, and the information comes to 
 me through a letter addressed to the Sec- 
 
 retary of the Boanl of Trade, which I 
 think hon. gentlemen will not object to 
 my reading: 
 
 " Toronto, 20th February, 1889. 
 
 . "DEARSiH.-The chicfobstacletotheestablish- 
 .ng and ma.nta uin^ of a flour business with the 
 West Indies ami British JSuiana, provided there 
 were proper freight f.icilitlTs, is this : the growi ur of 
 wheat in Canada has not yei reached suf h d men- 
 I sions as o insure a surplus for export from em y 
 crop. Without such a surplus, that cau X reUeJ 
 on as permanent, business cannot be estab ished 
 
 ?hpfiii*f'"''^'*^"'"f ^'^^ competitors who are in 
 the held permanently. »■«- lu 
 
 " This objection will be overcome in time bv the 
 thT&h-Weft.'''' wheat country of ManTtobJand 
 
 "Thellon. Mr Macdonald, inhis paper, makes 
 the statement that Canada flour is oAoo K a 
 grade-too expensive-and will not keen in 
 southern latitudes. P "* 
 
 ^♦.'.IJi?** '* '* of a.high grade must in itself be a 
 strong recommendation, not an objection. That 
 It IS too high in price is not because it is too high 
 at our seaboard at such years as we have an el- 
 portable surp us, for in sucli years we can and do 
 compete in price with the whole world 
 
 ' The third objection— its non-keeping quality- 
 refers rather to flour made in Canada years ago 
 than to what is made in the best Canadian mills 
 Zwfl' an, confident that Canadian millers Tow 
 a w^.u""" entirely tree from this objection. 
 With a permai.int exportable surplus-which 
 we will eventually have-and wit*!, shipZe 
 facilities as goju as our competitors have, Cana- 
 dian millers can successfully compete in quality 
 and price with the world 7or the trade Tf tS 
 countries mentioned. 
 
 "I am, yours truly, 
 <'E.A.WEi.LS,E8q.>' "M- MCLAUGHLIN. 
 
 In this connection, also, I am persuaded 
 that an extract from a letter of Mr. George 
 A Chapman, a leading grain merchant, 
 will also prove interesting. He says : 
 
 J'ki-^^^^^T''^'* ^^** '*■ * steam service was 
 from hp P ^°' *''^''r ^^'''^ years, by a subsidy 
 fc T !.-^°!^''2"'^?^ *°.*\en extend beyond the 
 West Indies to Brazil and the Argentine Kepublic, 
 If thought advisable, that fuircargoes could bo 
 obtained out and home for this service, and thus 
 enable us to importall our sugars, molasses, etc., 
 direct, instead of through tEe (jnited States, a» 
 most of them are now brought in, and would, more- 
 over, put us in a position (at all events as far as 
 this trade IS concerned) to be independent, in case 
 
 Unite'd st"tfs.'^''''" " '^""^ ^^^^^ ^''"^ ^y '^^ 
 \' I feel assured also that there is sufficient enter- 
 prise m our commercial men to carry on the trade 
 when once fairly established. 
 
 "GEORGE CHAPMAN." 
 
 1 have also letters from a number of in 
 substantial firms engaged in the West 
 Indmn ti-ade, from various parts of the 
 IJominion, which I will not detain the 
 House to lead ; but while talking about 
 

 ;.1''V« h'«farcnvolItoEnn..„.f^™^ House in 
 
 tries whosn ti.nj^ i ^. '^ther coun- 1 fn«rn..-i. ./^ ' 'i"" '^^ <ne Amencan peonle 
 
 acoorcJed him at thSt tte. he .a^^ :'P*'"" 
 
 ^rdSShrre^it'i^d^caSto'''' '^''^°°''-' "fall 
 fc:„r_^'" «"d bow hoar/, '^i°«f«t the outset 
 
 a« important to us s«I S' "'■\'''^" "'>' 
 tries whose trade wo hi ^'^ ''*^^'" ^'^"^i 
 i"g. and to n aintah. n? ^''" "^"■^^^«^- 
 yith them, to ZtZ![ZTn f't'^T 
 development of our tri? .^'?''*^'' ^''^^ 
 
 ought always to be tho •*" 'V^^ ^^^""^ 
 
 which would brin.^ with fi conditions "nderstand what I was ''^^^"dit gave nfe to 
 humiliation No^nlV;! ^"''^ '' ^^^''^^ of I S^'J''** ^ ^«« aSK ^ot ;„*" ««f P* and 
 
 « .nation a.s'i,rS tiff'^'V^ ^"«M ^"-^- ^^^^ 
 
 cringe for trade witi; ,?« !u^^'" ^""^ O'" ^^". ''^''"''st" was ^not ovn^'?"f '" that the aW? 
 But Ijetween IS ?^: ^^^^er nation. diplomatic fu„cUona"y, ISH ■" ^'. -""^^y a 
 
 theoneh.SnYS rnu:rr^'-^-M^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 on the other to a.-HvI 1 ' P^'''^l«tency ng dangers ;biKu^""^^'"/? against and anticinir 
 
 the fair humanities of life " '"^''^ ^^'"^ °ne in aU 
 And a^'-ain : 
 
 increasing intercouise hpL/'^'i* V"^ constantly 
 , "ca, its friendliness and :t=" ^^'?"'' *"'' ^""- 
 
 «<^?<""ty against milu„de?standinT"'*'''u^'"'t the 
 
 " While that continues thPv.^ "V«t be found. 
 
 I than_friendly. UnlLX t'Llt'l^^J ^e otherwise 
 
 ing, clear, diiniSod .'"".""^^''^^and- 
 
 thei'e is the ffSo.t n m , "^^'""^ageous, 
 The faHuif of ' ^ "'^'"'^ (lifforence. ' 
 <loe8 no X any mZ ^"'".'"^'-^^'a' treaty 
 one is not to bo aTtrmn/"lJ^'>^?"t«"other 
 followed up bv s?,, 1^^^'^' ""^ this to be 
 a« «uch eliL can bTf n"^''"^"' "^^' '""g 
 the maintenlt^honof ''^"^^ "P -'*^ 
 
 wS^STto'lJ^^S]^^ States is one|::"W?i:ffiSSS5F=^^n5^ 
 laj'irest nn«u;Ki utilized by us to the ^^'^^ Wendly. Unluckv •r^^'^annot be otherwise 
 
 iderouS;To';,riu\rfro"^'^"*--'^^ 
 
 with the utmost !n!"^'r P'"'^'^ecuting sharp ^ords maJ or.t ?"'^?"d on tLe other' 
 Would lead to f if '^^ '"^'^ a policy as ""^^""ded or iSant ton°- ^'»^ '''' spoken b^ 
 
 ftandingld'^e.JbVra^^rr''^^^ 
 
 largest possible extent th/"'^^. '" ^^e the surface J^dCtS^i^dVuM'"/ """"^"^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 «ach other. "^'^"^ ^^' "markets of -^ gone, <in the deep bo"oVonhe7c?an Errfe?-".*? 
 
 reach 
 
 us 
 
 as reported in the papers It7n. f- 
 I any way affect my ailSm^n. iT."^* ^" 
 
 argument, or leave 
 
 me 
 
them to dwoKolt' •? *'"''"«'' f^'-' 
 bors only but as f JS 1 ^^'' ""* "■* "«'fe'h- 
 
 them to do air/h I' T ''"^^'S^' *^^- 
 enough to do nil tui -H ""'C' room 
 change its alle^Snce ' ^'^ '' neceHsary to 
 
 ^ag^^Sentrt^Ls:^ 
 
 of mine so uKd dt H^' ?^" ''''''^' 
 "one <lo I dci^rto modk'"!: ^tho"'/; 
 then, «o think I now Sfll "^'''* 
 
 not forget: vve are Int t^ "^ '^^^ "^""^t 
 in our exports we «?. *« ««"ce.ve that if 
 
 that,theSore onrl -r* ^'^'"^' '^«'>'°^l 
 
 e»ch year durir h" la,t firi™""'''^ 
 woad have bear, „„ '"st "fteen years 
 
 indeed thnf «T .^'^P^^tation bo modest 
 
 Chambe -w ilTavk'woffr'.I*^'""" ^" ^hL 
 able one wS ^^"^'"^ bo an unreason- 
 ufl ? WK V?.*^* "^^"^^ tbat have ffiven 
 
 wouW W been 50 p:Z°:lXlX:i 
 he traae of ... ArgentS: tpXX' 
 
 Mr:£iSeS2,^',\vr.a?ra.ii:ij;£ 
 
 a qu.„„. „„ f;;; J a »;»>«Ken*>« than 
 
 iI882t„ :885,a„7 ,"„"ir/ "'"''' f"™ 
 
 y««"K life 'and ' L'o '%''-t"'r,"'' '""• 
 while other countrU>» no? n„ "".''""Fy 
 
 n« £ ?ot ■""eeiniitd".'- ^ T"™- 
 
 rors>or'S5;---^ 
 
 from iuTtn'oi ° "J bv" ""P'"' 
 people, if that 6e tos, Me alf fT'i .l™ 
 
 novcr makp iL "'""P'^' """ "o will 
 
 fuii^frab^adS' t°,r "? ™"""-y 
 
 of our own f.,..!ft ' ^^^ tbe native merit 
 
 whe're fair ootSreSori^l.^i^lil^ ;P,^r"S 
 reward. Not unfii tui .'" ,™^et vsrith its 
 
 country occi nv h^ '' ^"^"^ ^'" ««• 
 which Ihe?i^, fitted^nir^"' P"-^i"e" 
 fulfil the high destinv whinl ' "'''' "^'^ ''^^ 
 her ^ utstiny which now awaits 
 
 extended so 8fP«H;i,. ^i. ^ "* ^^^''^ been 
 
 , H8en ?o1boVtS'{i™;,'theT. V ^ "T 
 jimport., from Britain " °' '""' 
 
 Bhe rwi^o^tX,^""'","' "'"t "O'-M 
 
 her,otaTttd,'o^°i58?0°'2«?''?',-^'"' 
 which £213,0«,5ofre^S'h^*;«;»f 
 
 111 
 
 I, 
 
14 
 
 r 
 
 I 
 
 5 
 
 J 
 I 
 
 Who can estimate to what extent this is 
 ^.e secret of her power? Go where you 
 w.ll, yon will fin(f the handicnift ofLr 
 looms; you will see the nkill of her arti- 
 zuns; and vhcrever the powei- of J,er 
 commerce is felt there will also be fbu.^d 
 the blossings of her civilization; and hence 
 It IS that to-day one may iind in her 
 markets "Parthians, Modes and Elamites 
 --in tact, men of every coloj-, and i-ace and 
 lan^mage under Heaven '' 
 
 There is much that a Government can 
 do to foster trade, but it cannot compel 
 men to go to markets which it opens- it 
 cannot compH men to ,eap the harvest 
 which It pui, within their reach That 
 must be done by the men themselves ; they 
 must bo brought into touch with the great 
 business houses at all points or centres if 
 
 li h! f^'^'T''^ ?^"''^ "^'^ departure is 
 to be entirely i-ealized. 
 
 How are we to reach the condition of 
 things which ,s going to bring us the 
 
 tion with ipe development of trade with 
 the countries we have been .onsidering 
 what will we need ? *' 
 
 1st. A perfect system of steam commu- 
 mca ion, a class of vessels in every way 
 fitted for freight and passenger eirvice 
 
 from n^ri';^' •, 'P''^ -''*" "«* ^««« than 
 11 om 13 to 15 miles per hour 
 
 • ^"^j-i'f" ^ffi^Jent cable service. It seems 
 mcredib^ that cable messages from and 
 to the West Indian Islandl cost ?o-day 
 frrm 12s. to 15s. (id. sterling per woiY 
 
 fact that the cable system is connected, in 
 addition to Its British connection, with 
 French, Spanish and Danish Islands as 
 well as with the United States. ' 
 
 ^id. A satisfactory jjostal service, the 
 present one being as unsatisfactory as it 
 can well be. j- "o n 
 
 4th. The improvement of the liirht- 
 house service, if time and safety are t J be 
 «ecured--for while no coast line on the 
 
 Sod tI'^T ^^"S«^'""«. "on*^' is worse 
 IVghted. This I suppose is an Imperial 
 
 ^RK '■'!"* "^"^ ^^^^^'^ important.^ 
 
 5lh. The removal of every obstacle 
 which acts as a barrier to the carrying on 
 ti^^ 7t«»ded trade between both cSun 
 tries. Unless this is done the expenditure 
 upon ships or cables would be a waste of 
 money for it may be regarded asasettled 
 principle in business that no nation will 
 
 ,deal with any other which, by any 
 t^on 7m "^"^^'"^"^ ••«"'««'•« the introduc^ 
 ii sue .?Z" P;•«^"«^^i'«P«««ible, and that 
 in sucii cases transactions will be limited 
 strictly to those which are the result of 
 necessity only. '^»»n or 
 
 I an, aware that the ground may bo 
 taken that the past has been a season of 
 
 ST-'^'lr't' it represents "ha 
 chap e, ,„ the history of a young country 
 
 founlr"'"f •' ^'^f^^-^^odas the one ?f 
 foundation-laying; that, as in the case in 
 the foundation of great structures, much 
 ot the expenditure does not immediately 
 appear; that its value, so far as appc.,,. 
 ances are concei-ned, are prospective. So 
 " „, '"^"'i?'' ^t must (,e held that the 
 as tor the business of the country, for the 
 
 7eT\-uf "'"' P?''P""^' «^' ^t^ home! 
 T h'u '^''"Ses and citios. and that it 
 
 tre"ft.„U ""r r"'^'''"' '^ ^'^P^'^t at present 
 the fruits which are certain at soilie sub- 
 seqiient period to be gathered; that the 
 
 bmik w^''^'' ''^y *^ """^'« ""d harbors, 
 bieak-waters ancf graving docks. I am 
 
 IL^?Z? ^"^ ^% *^"^ ♦his argument is 
 7hll- *«'*^t'.«nd although I believe that 
 the pei-iod which lies between preparation 
 and completion has not only been Lched^ 
 but has pa.ssed, and that for some years at 
 least, we should have had results which 
 we have failed to find ; although I think so, 
 yet I am not disposed to weaken, by any 
 wo ds of mine the force which such a 
 stateirient may be expected to carry. But 
 
 rZJ^'' '"?!! " P^^^ ^^" he no^^nger 
 laised now that roads have been built 
 rivers deepened, canals enlarged and the 
 whole system of rail and rivfr communi! 
 cation perfected, let us have results. This 
 House will look for them ; let us be assured 
 the country will. 
 
 I have spoken somewhat plainly; with 
 the facts Wore me I do not see howl 
 could have done otherwise. 
 
 These facts have revealed to my own 
 mind a state of things for which I was 
 not prepared, a state of things which I 
 think cannot continue without danger 
 1 trust, however, that honorable gentle- 
 men have had no difficulty in realizing 
 
 Ittn^pl hT "°* ''««" presented in a 
 epuit of hostility, und that their tenor has 
 been so apparent that it is not necessary 
 that I should disclaim any such intention. 
 1 venture to think that the subject which 
 
 ^ 
 
15 
 
 I have brought under the notice of this 
 Chamber, however imperfectly it has been 
 preKOiited, is one of the most important 
 which can engage the attention of Parlia- 
 ment. Many questions underlie its con- 
 sideration. Arc wo to be content with our 
 pre^iont markets, or are we to look for 
 new ones? Arc our farmers to feel that 
 with the present outlets open to them they 
 are to be satisfied ? Are our manufactuiers 
 to feel that the bounds of their operations 
 are to be the limits of their own country, 
 or aie they to fed that wider fields invite 
 their skill with fail' p.-ospects of profitable 
 returns ? Are we ourselves to be satisfied 
 with the present expoit trade of our 
 country, or are wc not rather to seize the 
 opportunities which offer of extending our 
 trade and of making our countjy better 
 known ? 
 
 It may be well to consider that stiiking 
 results are not to be immediatel}' expected, 
 at least from the West Indian trade. Too 
 long by us has that trade been neglected ; 
 too long have our American neighbors 
 enjoyed its advantages to be immediately 
 supplanted; too deep -are the channels 
 which the commei-ce of these islands have 
 coursed out to bo immediately diveited ; 
 too intricate are the commeicial relations 
 which have spiung tip between the West 
 Indian and the American merchants, rela- 
 tions I have no doubt which are pleasant 
 and satisfactojy ; too long have these 
 existed to be rudely severed, but we can 
 greatly change the character of the volume 
 of trade which exists with these islands 
 as between the United States and our- 
 selves to-day, and in time, by pei-sistency. 
 will doubtless attain a position which will 
 fully establish the value of these markets 
 to us. Can this great change be brought 
 about ? 
 
 How is it to be accomplished ? In the 
 precise way in which a merchant increases 
 the volume of his trade. What does he 
 do? He has before him the operations of 
 preceding years, the sales, payments, 
 profits and losses of each. He has before 
 him the operations of each day, and week, 
 and month and season of the previous 
 years. He has an object to accomplish, 
 and he intends to succeed ; hence, results 
 a Q expected from each day. Is he beaten 
 in the open market? He faces the con- 
 dition of things which circumstances 
 forces upon him. He cannot afford to 
 
 have any fancied excellence of his own 
 
 commodities stand in the way of their 
 
 sale. He must impiess his customer with 
 
 j the fact that it is to his advantage to buy 
 
 I from him. If there is a serious falling otf 
 
 in hi.s trade in any locality, or with nny 
 
 customer, it is discovered and lemedicd. 
 
 i If wrong has been done, unconsciously, it is 
 
 I corrected, and if circumstances call for an 
 
 apology it is made, not waiting until one 
 
 is demanded. Jf incomjK'tent workers are 
 
 I preventing results, or failing to achieve 
 
 [ them, they are removed. If the field of 
 
 operations is circumscribed it is enlarged, 
 
 and the result is that the year closes with 
 
 the accomplishment of the purpose which 
 
 the merchant placed before him at its 
 
 beginning. He hits made the addition to 
 
 his sales that he contemplated, and it was 
 
 secured by inceasing vigilance. It will 
 
 require the same watchful oversight to 
 
 secure the needed increase to the export 
 
 trade of our country. That our export 
 
 trade has not had that oversight is, I think, 
 
 abundahtly evident fiom the results, and 
 
 equally clear is it that no change is to be 
 
 expected unless such a plan as has beien 
 
 indicated is adopted. 
 
 Who is to do this? Carlyle says that 
 " He who would act faithfully must believe 
 fiimly." One in many respects as great 
 a man as Carlyle — I mean tne late Bishop 
 Frasei-, of Manchester, has said " That if 
 a man is wholly out of gear with his time 
 he cannot influence." Never, in my hum- , 
 ble judgment, has there been in the histc 
 of our country such an opportunity as the' 
 one which now exists foi- a Government 
 to distinguish itself in initiating measures 
 bioad, generous and far-reaching for the 
 development of our trade with otht 
 nations; never such an opportunity for 
 a Minister, however wisely and however 
 well he may have done his work in the 
 past, to secure for his country that which 
 it needs, and to add to his own reputation 
 for wise statesmanship. Such opportu- 
 nities come rarely, either in the history 
 of nations or individuals. All the more 
 impoitant that they should be seized and 
 turned to account. But it must be a man 
 who, while ho would act faithfully, believe 
 firmly. It must be a man who has faith 
 in the possibilities of his country, faith in 
 its resources ; faith in the intelligence, in 
 the industry and skill of its people; faith 
 to believe that whatever can be done by 
 
16 
 
 othevs can be c one by Canudinns, and that 
 ma. f„r man they are equal in abili y 
 intelli^ronce, in eneim. ,„d i„ I'.'f' " 
 anyclaHsotrnenina^y;"- oni™^^^^^ 
 
 Man's firnt word, «ays .lulins Hare i, 
 
 ine vvoid, and, as a consequence never 
 producin^r satisfactoiy results ' 
 
 fOf^ many with greater liM.'t sav "nn" 
 
 j;o.t^^,,ft, ,„„„,,, •;.|«-.jK,|j the,,. 
 
 ^ ,.T«^^few are there who, havinir nassnrl 
 
 through the crucial Deri wl "h i' • 
 
 jeached the final ntage^^^T/'yes " ^^^ 
 
 , lull consciousness of all which th«t VJ^ ^ 
 
 ' >rnplie« to themselves aLrother^' ^"^ 
 
 J3ut when you find such a man you find 
 
 undertaken responsibilities, and who is 
 
 we ml?" *^^ ^^'"'"i^tiationof suchaman 
 h.fh^^ ^""P^^* *^ ««« marvellous res^fts 
 
 I hope to see new markets onened fn.. 
 
 our fore ,t8 and our fisheries ' 
 
 o„;.nl?''iT^ new markets opened for 
 our manufactures, now largely shut un ti 
 
 ImteZ^T ''■'^' DomiSio^.Td tC 
 msteaxl of pressing Hpon each othei- asTn 
 
 ss^c^iSteS 
 
 time, give full employment to their hand " 
 
 Sure^f t liis' i'''°"? V'^ *''*^"- "»'"'^^^h:^ 
 ^"ior> th s is not too much to evi».f./ 
 
 'Sorely this cannot be retra d. I '^' 
 I'xtravagant forecast •^^^"'^'"'J •'« »» 
 
 Sixteen yeais ago our trade with the 
 
 r> 2' "^' ^\'^ ""t more than 
 
 »-,<^01,4(.8 1 ela,m that instea.l of bein. 
 less t ought to have been moie; I ut t IWs 
 has 1 eon /r' ''•^■r".'-i"K, that tl/at whk'h 
 has been the cojulition of things once m..!r 
 ;|;;^|;an be re,.che.l again. C^^^ 
 , ; ? ' "' '"'y *''"' t-onversant witH 
 
 „f i ■ ■ ^"" ^" open up new trade • 
 
 wnicn hab to be faced, and it ouo-ht ir K« 
 I'ravely done, with a tlxed e?S nation 
 not only to .each in the market tern s 
 
 hon leaS o f t n r ' ""•^^'*^**'"'» *^ tb« 
 
 ciuunb:^ijit!::^h!;:^i;;r:^i^^ 
 
 9nnf\T ' "^ ''^•''^e'« 0^' not less than 
 KV ""^ '?"""' "" "''""""CO fclt and to 
 
 go far to neutralize the effect of even 
 improved steam communication ifs^ 
 cheapened cable svstem A ^ J 
 
 reiiecPtion will showTo?all btinr ^ ' 
 sages must be circumscribed S .ates' 
 varying from $2.75 to $4 per woi^ Tht 
 may need negotiations wi/h ot^er powet . 
 but unless cable messages are brought * 
 within reasonable limits, say of' no S 
 than from 40 cents to 60 centra woT J 
 
 mlvorenl'hfy'^T'^ '^«* Governments 
 may open the way to new markets mav 
 
 remove obstacles, may subsidize sJeaCJ 
 
 ttmX?,?tT«^ ''f P^^P'« *« «v«il 
 tnemseives of these advantatres Tn tho 
 
 case of our people there is litTfear Let 
 
 estlv lirr^"* ''' "''""* ^^« ^^^k earn- 
 estly let It protsecute it diligentlv let it 
 
 jwKjJbKa