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[Seep. 83. 
 
 •."■■'"1 
 
 A MISSIONARY IN WINTER TRAVELLTOG DRESS. 
 
 
LIFE AJsi) WOllK 
 
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 EEV. JULIAN MORETON, 
 
 CatONIAt P^APtAl?! AT liABTTAN. 
 I,A.TK MISRIOISABY AT 'QHKUiNSPOKI), NEWFOtTNULAND. 
 
 " Chrtitian* j" t\n!,i# m mjww, «*<? i»ioe in ?iarin"«t. strong <!o»ke, 
 
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 4 klSSICXAltV N WlNTEn 1 nAVELLrNG DKJ^SS 
 
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 LIFE AND WOllK 
 
 nr 
 
 / 
 
 NEWFOUNDLAND; 
 
 REMINISCENCES OP THIRTEEN YEARS 
 
 SPENT THERE. 
 
 i: 
 
 BT THE 
 
 REV. JULIAN MORETON, 
 
 COrONIAIi CHAPLAIN AT LABFAN. 
 LATE MIS8I0NABY AT GKEBNSPOND, NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 " Christians are some in name, and some in earnesi., strong desire, 
 And some their Christian birthright to redeem, with cost aspire; 
 ' A people ready for the Lord' — will not His Advent shine, 
 Through some courageous stewards of His grace and love divine?" 
 
 Verses /or 1851. 
 
 LONDON: 
 KIVINGTONS, WATERLOO PLACE. 
 
 18fi3. 
 
 
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 ^ppa^WMPVnP' 
 
 I 
 
 LONDON : 
 CII-BRRT AND RIVINOTON, PRINTRHS, 
 
 ST. John's sqvarr. 
 
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 TO THE VENEBABLB 
 
 ARCHDEACON GRANT, D.C.L. 
 
 CANON OF BOOHESTEB, VIOAB OF ATLESFOBD, 
 
 AND I.ATB VIOAB OF BOHFOBD, 
 
 THIS LITTLE BOOK IB OFFEBED, 
 
 IN TOKEN OF WABM, OBATEFUL BEMEMBBANCE 
 
 AND DEEP BESPEOT. 
 
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 *>• 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 FAOK 
 
 Preface vii 
 
 Introduction xiii 
 
 CnAPTEB I. 
 
 Newfoundland. Its Climate, &c 1 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 Greenspond 16 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 Words and Phrases peculiar to Newfoundland 29 
 
 ci^:apter IV. 
 
 The Missionary and his Flock 52 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 Missionary Visits and Adventures . . . .75 
 
 Appendix A 102 
 
 Appendix B 103 
 
 Appendix C 104 
 
7^ 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 ILLUSTRATTONS. 
 
 A Missionary in Winter TVavelling Dress . to face Title 
 
 Map , page 1 
 
 St. Stephen's Church and Parsonage, Greens- 
 pond „ „ 60 
 
 A Winter Tilt „ „ 82 
 
 Traveller's Back-Tilt . . . . . „ „ 92 
 
 \\ \- 
 
 ^Vi 
 
 ■■aUaniUiiguNliUMKtaUiiuUiki^ 
 
r 
 
 I 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The Author of this little Work being unablr; 
 to superintend its publication, I, as his friend, 
 undertook the task, although with great diffi- 
 dence ; but I soon found it a comparatively easy 
 one. The book itself contains such a plain, 
 unvarnished account of facts, such a humble and 
 truthful picture of the difficulties and the encou- 
 ragements of a devoted missionary, that there 
 was nothing to be done in the way of revision, 
 even had I felt at all competent to try my hand 
 at such work. A few words, however, as to the 
 Author may not be unacceptable. 
 
 The entire break-down of his own health, and 
 the weak constitution of one of his children, 
 determined Mr. Moreton, for a time at least, to 
 give up missionary work in the trying climate of 
 
 -if 
 
 i 
 
! I 
 f 
 
 Vlll 
 
 PEEFACE. 
 
 Newfoundland, where he had heen engaged for 
 upwards of thirteen years. Shortly after his 
 arrival in England, he was offered duty at Rom- 
 ford by Archdeacon Grant, then vicar of that 
 place. He joined us in our work in that parish 
 on Christmas Day, 1 861, and remained with us 
 until he again left England. Very shortly after 
 his taking up his residonce in Romford, he was 
 offered by the Duke of Newcastle, at the recom- 
 mendation of the Society for the Propagation of 
 the Gospel, the Coloiwal Chaplaincy in the Island 
 of Labuan. This, after mature consideration, 
 he, to our regret, accepted. His duty there is 
 to act as Chaplain to the English troops in that 
 colony, and to perform occasional services for the 
 benefit of the men employed in the coal mines at 
 the further end of the island. After remaining 
 with us for about six months, he started with his 
 wife and children for Labuan in the month of 
 May. Previous to his departure, he was pre- 
 sented by some friends at Romford, who in this 
 short time had learnt to respect and esteem him, 
 with a parting gift of some divinity books, a 
 handsome service of communion plate, and an 
 
 r 
 
' i;'^ 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 IX 
 
 aneroid barometer. Of this last he speaks in a 
 letter written to me while on the voyage, and 
 posted at Singapore. He says: "You will be 
 glad to know my pretty aneroid barometer has 
 been very interesting and useful all the voyage. 
 Used together with a mercurial barometer, its 
 superiority is very evident. It has given longer 
 warning of the gales, and sooner shown their 
 abatement. Its reading is easier and more ac- 
 curate at sea." 
 
 Letters since received from Mr. Moreton from 
 Labuan are full of gratitude for his safe arrival, 
 and of hope for the success of his present work. 
 He was received most cordially by the Governor, 
 whose guest he was to be until he could find 
 accommodation for himself and family, or, as he 
 seemed to think he would have to do, until he 
 could build himself a house. 
 
 The contents of this little book were (as will 
 be seen by the Introduction) first delivered as 
 an Address in several parishes in England. At 
 Romford, I know that it made a deep, and I 
 trust lasting impression on all the hearers. That 
 such was the case in other parishes there is no 
 
Ill H I [ iii»««nw»1Mfc]»» 
 
 - — -y^a 
 
 PBEFACE. 
 
 •*» 
 
 :v.i 
 
 i:i 
 
 reason to doubt. The difficulties and hardships 
 of a missionary's life, so apparent, and yet so 
 humbly related, as compared with those of the 
 clergy at home, made us all think more lightly 
 of our own labours and difficulties. The account 
 of the sad deprivation of the Church's rites and 
 ordinances, which Mr. Moreton describes as 
 being so deeply felt by some of his flock, must 
 have made, and, I know, did make many of his 
 hearers feel a higher Appreciation of those bless- 
 ings which, from the fact of their being always 
 at hand, are so liable to be lightly regarded. 
 The faith and trust in the Providence and direct- 
 ing hand of God which carried him through all 
 difficulties, and made him take a cheerful view 
 of the future success of missionary labour, must 
 teach us all a lesson of faith and perseverance, 
 reminding us that we are not to be disQouraged, 
 even though we can see no apparent fruit of our 
 labours. 
 
 The map and other illustrations, as well as the 
 MS., were begun and completed by Mr. Moreton 
 while at sea, and this fact would afford sufficient 
 apology (were it needed) for any defects in style 
 
 4 
 
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PREFACE. 
 
 %1 
 
 i^V 
 
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 I 
 
 or delineation, the stormy latitudes south of the 
 Cape not being conducive to the steadiness of 
 hand generally considered necessary for the ac- 
 curate performance of such designs. 
 
 In my frequent conversations with Mr. More- 
 ton, before his sailing for Labuan, he often spoke 
 of the comfort it had been to him, and would 
 always be, if when abroad he could think of his 
 brother Churchmen in England, offering up the 
 same prayers of our beautiful liturgy at the same 
 time, to the same God, as he and his flock were 
 doing in a distant land. This thought he has 
 still uppermost in his mind, as will be seen from 
 the following passage from one of his letters: 
 " When (please God we get safe to the end) I 
 write to you from Labuan, I will tell you my 
 times for service. It will always be as it has 
 been on the voyage, of deep interest to me, to 
 consider the times of yours in England. There 
 will be seven hours and forty minutes' difference 
 in our time, and judging by Mrs. McDougall's 
 account of Sarawak, it is likely we shall be at 
 our evening prayers, when you are at 11 a.m. 
 service on Sunday." 
 
 ■SWiu 
 
- W I ■>■■ " >*» » i>li KM— fcO^^|*w 
 
 \ 
 
 Xll 
 
 niEFACE. 
 
 I will add no further remarks of my own either 
 
 upon the book or the Author, but commend it 
 
 on its own merits to the regard of the reading 
 
 public generally, and particularly to that of the 
 
 large, and happily fast increasing class, who take 
 
 a lively and practical interest in affairs of the 
 
 Church abroad. 
 
 S. W. P. 
 
 Aylesford, 
 February 10, 1863. 
 
 » 
 
1^1 WHW" lUMi i»lJ 
 
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 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The narrative and observations presented in this 
 little book are an extension of an Address de- 
 livered at St. James's, Piccadilly, at Hursley, at 
 St. Peter's, Rochester, and on several occasions 
 in the parish of Romford, Essex. 
 
 The kindness with, which the Address was 
 received, and the interest it excited, have sug- 
 gested to me the design of putting it into writing 
 and offering it for general perusal. I do so in 
 the hope of supplying information concerning 
 missionary work in an English colony, of a 
 different character from that given in the Re- 
 ports of Societies, but at the same time such as 
 will show something of what is being effected 
 through one of them, and what need there is of 
 their continued and extended agency. Indeed, I 
 
\. 
 
 ;!i 
 
 li 
 
 \ 
 
 XIV 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 will confess, it is my hope that this little book 
 may contribute something to satisfy the reason- 
 able requirement of those supporters of the 
 Church's Missions whose feeling was very ably 
 expressed in an editorial article of the " Times " 
 newspaper more than a year ago. 
 
 Being now in no way connected with any 
 society, further than as a contributor to the 
 funds of one, my testimony will be accepted as 
 independent, and, I trust, faithful ; and the more 
 so because it is prepared and published without 
 any notice of my intention having been given to 
 the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, 
 whose work in the mission once committed to 
 my care is here related. 
 
 Much apology should be offered for the faults 
 of my composition. They may, I fear, be deemed 
 the result of carelessness. These pages were 
 begun and completed for the press amid the dis- 
 comforts and interruptions of a voyage at sea. 
 Respect for my readers, and (if I may mention 
 it) regard for my own ease, would have required 
 me to wait for the convenience of writing on 
 shore, but that it seems likely that my work in 
 
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 ■ » * « » i l fai».i >H i r n . li^ft wWi ^ J 
 
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INTRODUCTION, 
 
 XV 
 
 i;i 
 
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 '' 
 
 Labuan, whither I am now proceeding, will not 
 for a long time afford me leisure for such an 
 occupation. 
 
 If the facts here narrated are not of sufficient 
 value to be accepted and regarded for their own 
 sake, I can only beg to be pardoned in considera- 
 tion of my purpose. 
 
 lults 
 
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 dis" 
 
 I sea. 
 
 Ition 
 
 ired 
 
 on 
 
 in 
 
 Barque " Eleanor Dixon," 
 
 Indian Ocean, lat. 40° S., long. 69° E. 
 
 19th August, 1862. 
 
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 LIFE AND W^RK 
 
 IV 
 
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 NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 NEWFOUNDLAND. ITS CLIMATE, &C. 
 
 The extreme cold and almost perpetual f< j^s 
 of Newfoundland are the most known, and to 
 very many persons in England almost the only 
 known, particulars respecting that country. Some 
 reason for them both may be required, especially 
 for the former, when it is observed that New- 
 foundland lies in a more southern latitude than 
 much \s armer countries in Europe. Greenspond, 
 the chief place of my own experience and work, 
 is nearly 125 miles south of the parallel of Lon- 
 don, yet there a winter in which the thermometer 
 does not descend below zero is very unusual, and 
 in my experience it has been sometimes as low as 
 22°, and once, I Ixilieve, 24°. Eight degrees 
 
 B 
 
NEV/FOUNDLAND. 
 
 i' 
 
 below zero is a depth often reached. St. John's, 
 the capital, is more than 100 miles yet further 
 south, and still there the cold of winter is often 
 near the same extreme. 
 
 There are concurring causes for this rigour of 
 climate. A chief one which presents itself to 
 my own observation, and is, perhaps, alone suffi- 
 cient to account for it, is the flow of the southerly 
 current from Baffin's Sea, along the Labrador 
 shore, and by the coast of Newfoundland, and 
 still southward, till augmented by another cur- 
 rent from the Greeijland shore, it meets the 
 warm " gulf stream," which is thus diverted from 
 its northerly tendency and turned westward, to 
 benefit our many ways more favoured England. 
 
 I believe it is the meeting of these opposing hat 
 and cold streams which disengages from the waters 
 so much vapour, as to keep at least a part of 
 Newfoundland enveloped in continual fog. It 
 will be anticipated from this account that the 
 southern parts of the country suffer most from 
 the chill fog blast. In St. John's, a wind from 
 sea does not fail to bring in volumes of vapour, 
 which often hang for long seasons over the whole 
 place, totally obscuring the sun and making the 
 aspect every where gloomy, till, when the cheerful 
 sunlight re-appears, it is matter of quite earnest 
 congratulation. The discomfort of this foggy 
 
 ! 1 
 
 > 
 
 M, 
 
ITS CLIMATE, &C. 
 
 8 
 
 
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 gloom, depressing the spirits, and relaxing the 
 whole human system, can be readily imagined. 
 Its dangers to the mariner are almost as mani- 
 fest, and need not be dwelt upon here. But it 
 is an error to think of the whole island as thus 
 mantled with vapour. In Greenspond, compara- 
 tively little inconvenience is found from it, and 
 one must suppose that the more remote a place 
 is situated from the meeting of the waters, the 
 freer it will be from the fog blast. Long-con- 
 tinued wind from the south will bring the fog to 
 any part of that coast in due time, but it has 
 seemed to me less dense, and certainly less frequent, 
 and less enduring, in its visits to Greenspond 
 than to other parts of the island. Throughout 
 the brief summer this cold vapour is present a 
 short distance off the coast, and frequently rolling 
 in upon the southern shores. In winter it is of 
 course condensed, and it comes to land in form 
 of snow, hail, or rain. 
 
 The heat of summer is often very great. Once 
 I saw the mercury rise to 136° in the sun, and at 
 some other times when I had not opportunity to 
 observe the thermometer, the heat I experienced 
 must have been about the same degree. When 
 the wind blows from the land, flaws often come 
 down the bays so warm as to be felt scorching 
 and oppressive. These are but of a few minutes' 
 
 B 2 
 
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 4 NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 duration. But within an hour the extreme of 
 heat is exchanged for raw damp cold, requiring 
 the use of a great coat out of doors, and a fire 
 within if the wind veer in from seaward. I have 
 been sailing in some small boat to distant parts 
 of my mission, when the heat and glowing sun- 
 shine during the first half of the day have swelled 
 and blistered my face, and the sultry air has 
 impelled the fishermen who were with me to lie 
 down on the ballast rocks or in the cuddy to 
 sleep, leaving the care of the boat upon my 
 hands, and almost suddenly the cold sea breeze 
 has reached us, bringing with it the never-failing 
 mist, and my little company at once were glad to 
 don their heavy reefers' jackets, and be stirring 
 in any possible way to recover their lost warmth. 
 Under some circumstances this change proves 
 peculiarly trying. An instance from one of my 
 journals will suffice. Having one day been called 
 to visit a station in my mission, comprising five 
 nearly adjacent islands, I availed myself, as 
 usually I did on such occasions, of the oppor- 
 tunity to visit most of the families there, and to 
 hold service in their church. This was ne- 
 cessary, for, as will be seen hereafter, the mission 
 being very large and scattered, my visits to each 
 station were sadly few, and therefore every 
 opportunity was the more precious, and to be 
 
 { 
 
ITS CLIMATE, &C. 5 
 
 made the most of both by the flock and by 
 myself. At this time, then, on a day of great 
 heat, I sculled myself in a punt alone from shore 
 to shore of the several islands, visiting many 
 families while the congregation was assembling 
 in their church. Heated and tired I went to 
 the little building, and said the full Morning 
 Service, with several Baptisms, a Sermon, and 
 the Holy Communion. From the church I 
 crossed the water to another island to get a very 
 hurried dinner in a very small hot room, and in 
 the same room to give private Baptism to two 
 infants, and the Holy Communion to an infirm 
 person with her friends. Direct from these 
 duties, while feeling both fatigue and heat, I was 
 hurried into a small open boat to sail through the 
 raw south-east wind and fog, a two hours' passage 
 to Greenspond, experiencing a sudden change 
 from too great exertion to complete inaction, 
 and a fall of about 40° in the temperature. 
 
 Yet fine davs in Newfoundland, both in sum- 
 mer and winter, are fine indeed, and for the 
 time truly healthful and exhilarating. The land 
 breezes of the former season are sweet with the 
 odours of the woods. The air then and in the 
 frosts of winter is dry and clear, and the skies 
 appear most beautifully blue. The starry hea- 
 vens seen through so clear an atmosphere are 
 
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 «\p]HroriMtvMl iVoin j\n jutoiuiI dI' hhuum)!' ilM rH'orlM 
 jiH 1 \\;\\o r\|)orioiuv«l il. 
 
 All ihv^ tiTumnl Tivo'/OM {\\r Ih»I«>w |Iu> HurHuH', 
 so {\\'M \vluM\ Into in May 1 In^^Mn lo ili^' my 
 jianlon, tho s|>{\il(» wonUl Inrn \\\\ hKu'ks of ioo 
 M ;i liltio nioro ihan half n siwuK^'m «loplli. This 
 <Voo7.ini)' of llio oiuMlv nplilYs (ho shoros njM)!! 
 >vhioh {\\o lar,vios( huihliniiH n»s(, ami (hns (ho 
 tlovn-s nro thrown ont oC (ho lovol, and ol"(on (ho 
 lUnn's oannot ho olosotl nntil (hoy havo Ihmmi 
 hun.vi' alrosh or o(luM*\viso altorod. On vorv oold 
 nights tho shrinkinii t>(' all (ho (in\hors in wootlon 
 housos oaiisos a snooossion o( ropor(s liko (h«» 
 lHH>unnij- o(' hoavv i>'uns, oUou oontiuniul (or 
 sovoral hi>urs. I ronuMnhor wt^ll tho alarm I 
 sulVvnHl whon iirsl I hoard this in mv own houso. 
 It was vory lato, and I was alono, with two or 
 thnv hoin's' work in writing' hol'oro mo, whi«h I 
 was an\it>us to linish. Sndtlonlv tho iload sIKmioo 
 of my room wa* brokon by a h(>avy thnni]), as of 
 a lar^x^ tinibor thrown ai^ainst tho wall bol'on* 
 
 mJM 
 
 . 
 
 «*t.^ 
 
rm ai.iMA'i'ii, ikv. 7 
 
 tun. T ^oi up mid IuoIumI oui. \l wiin ii nplnndid 
 iii^rltl, tli4^ iiUHiii hIioik^ litif.rlitJy iiliovn, titid tlio 
 
 MIKIW IIIhI ilM^ HpllMul (WfM'Y wIlOlM^ lloloW, lllllkillg 
 
 t'vt't'v lliiii^' \:a viHihlo mm in llin diiy. 
 
 All wiiM Midi, Mild nliiioHl. liwl'idly (piinl). hi 
 llioHO vUmv rold ni^lilM ydii roncnivo tlint if a 
 piti \\vvi> di'opt II litnidnMl {'ml diMinid. you niimt. 
 Iioiir ii>. I idiinuMi vvilliiii dixirM mid rnHiinHMJ 
 my u't'ititi^, mid iii oihm^ IIio iJiiiiiip M//aitiMt, tJin 
 oppoHJto Willi WMM rrpiMit(Ml; tJinii oih) rmiH* liy 
 my HuU)] luo on \h{) oIJmm' h'mIo, or iMdiind m<^; 
 11 volKn", Ftilriicii i'or n limn, mid tlimi ii^rniti oiio. 
 I kmnv tio (■miN(^ lor hiuIi HoiitidH, mid my iinrvnM 
 woro MO HJiiikon llial< I <-oiild wrilo no morn. 1 
 vv(mt. lo IhmI, Inil not to hI(m>p, lor tlio cntinoniido 
 ronliniUMl. At hiHt, vvonlH riM-urnMl t,o my mind 
 wiiirli It rKM/^lilioiir Imd imnd hilcdy, ilml, "on 
 IVoHty ni^diJH llu^ Iiouho would Hiiap liko ^lum." 
 It vvjiH lIuMi, I kni^w, M, naiiiral nllont of tli(5 IVowt 
 vvirK-li had iliUH (liMinrlMMl mo, and tliaTikful for 
 Ihn nM'oll(5('lioii \ Hank to Hinnp. 
 
 ( )ri,tMi lIuM'old r«MidnrH it jdrnoHl irnpoHHihlo to 
 Hlr(»p. Many hiicIi iii^litH linvo I lain in moro 
 tlian H(Mni-coiiH('iousn<'HH tliroiij^diout ; my Inot 
 acliinj^*, my nosi^ positively Hinnrtin^ in Hpitc, or 
 pnrlinps ralluM' In coiiHCMpifviKin, ol' I'nMpicnt ruli- 
 hiii^s. Your bnsitli (ioii<i;(MdH in n tliin amuir 
 of ico up«)n your HJicnt and pillow, and upon siriy 
 
y;. 
 
 u 
 
 I 
 
 8 NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 change of your position this dahs most uncom- 
 fortably upon your cliocks. A romody which I 
 somotinics used, and ahvays found effectual, was 
 to rise from bed and run twice or thrice with 
 bare feet upon the still colder floor. This excites 
 circulation, and soon a glow of warmth is felt 
 which enables you to sleep. 
 
 When writing it was necessary for me to keep 
 my ink glass constantly upon the hob or in the 
 fender; and the ink in my pen would freeze so 
 as to oblige me at every second lino or oftener to 
 hold it to thaw hy the fire. 
 
 No kinds of food can bo kept from frost, ex- 
 cept in cellars, which are built with earthen 
 walls four feet in thickness. This, in a place 
 like Greenspond where no butcher's meat could 
 be bought in winter, was in one respect rather 
 a convenience, for it was usual to get beef from 
 St. John's bv the latest vessel before winter, 
 and hanging it in some store or outhouse, where 
 it would continue nearly uniformly frozen, to 
 cleave or saw off a joint as we wanted it. Meat 
 and bone alike required the saw and hatchet. 
 
 The freezing of bread is as inconvenient as 
 can be supposed, and many expedients are used 
 to prevent it. The cellars are not suitable for 
 this purpose because of their mouldy atmosphere. 
 Mv first disc over v of one very common mode of 
 
 ^w 
 
ITS CLIMATE, 8cc. 
 
 9 
 
 
 obviating this inconvcnionco was unpleasant 
 cnou^li. 1 was travolling to visit some of the 
 many stations of my mission, and on my way 
 stopped at a small isljind to hold divine service 
 in a fisherman's house, for himself and his neigh- 
 bours. After the service his mother asked mo 
 to take some tea before I went on my journey, 
 and I gladly agreed to do so. While cutting 
 bread and butter for mo, my hostess complained 
 of the difficulty of keeping the bread thawed, 
 " and yet," she said, " I put the loaf in the bed, 
 and wrap it up close as soon as ever the boys 
 turnout'." Alas for a weak stomach! How- 
 ever it was /hat food or none for me then, and 
 I had to overcome all qualms. Little did I 
 suspect that in my own house any such mode 
 was used. One night, however, near the same 
 time my brother, who had lately come to me 
 from England, wanted supper in my absence. 
 The two servant girls were gone to bed, and 
 upon searching the pantry for himself ho found 
 no bread. In the morning plenty was on the 
 breakfast table, and he asked how it was that 
 none was to be found the night before. The 
 girl's reply was, "0, sir, we always wrap up 
 
 * Tho "boys" in a fisherman's household are all the 
 males, of whatever age, except the father or master. 
 
 ■;.;! 
 
 , .. . i lL..l i l-UH I iM 
 
. \ 
 
 10 
 
 NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 ;! ' 
 
 
 i! 
 
 '' 
 
 
 the bread and place it in the foot of our bod 
 at night." 
 
 I believe it is a common practice of the fisher- 
 men's wives to keep their leaven tied in a small 
 hag in the bed all the winter. 
 
 Another circumstance which came under my 
 notice will also serve to illustrate the extreme 
 severity of the cold. There was in my parlour 
 a brick-built closet, adjoining both the parlour 
 and kitchen fire-places, and supposed to be 
 warmed by them. In this closet was the wine 
 for Holy Communion. One Sunday morning I 
 looked there to see whether the wine was put 
 out ready for use that day, and found it then in 
 proper condition. An hour after, when I went 
 to take it thence to the church, it was frozen as 
 thick as fruit jelly, and could not be poured "out. 
 
 Milk freezes solid, and we commonly cut it 
 into pieces in the jug for use at the table. 
 
 If any coffee overflow your cup, it will quickly 
 freeze in the saucer; so that upon raising the 
 cup to drink its saucer is lifted with it. 
 
 The door-handles, fire-irons, and all other 
 metal that you touch cling to your hand, and 
 will tear off the skin if you too quickly relax 
 your hold. The grasp must be continued till 
 some warmth is communicated from your hand 
 to the frozen metal. 
 
 r 
 
 i 
 
 < 
 
 Mb 
 

 ITS CLiMATE, &C. 1 
 
 The horses at work on the roads have icicles 
 many inches long pendent from the hair in their 
 nostrils ; and something approaching to the same 
 inconvenience often happens very unpleasantly, 
 and even painfully, to human travellers. 
 
 The worst effect of frost is frost-burning of 
 the features, the limbs, or, as it sometimes hap- 
 pens, the whole person. The last case is fatal. 
 Few persons that live much out of doors in 
 Newfoundland wholly escape this evil. A few 
 moment^ exposure sometimes suffices to produce 
 a burn of slight character ; as to myself, it has 
 happened, my hands have been burnt in the 
 brief act of tying my cap. My ears were many 
 times burnt. In such a case the affected part 
 soon recovers feeling, becomes tender for a day 
 or two, then sheds the skin, and no mark is left. 
 A schoolmaster at one of my stations had lost 
 great part of both hands and feet, owing to his 
 being overtaken and out wearied in a storm. 
 Aged people, having but languid circulation, are 
 liable to frost-burning in their beds. A very 
 distressing case of this kind lately came under 
 my own observation. It is not usual for people 
 to travel alone, from fear of this burning. The 
 affection is attended by no sensation informing 
 the sufferer what has happened. Your nose 
 perhaps, or another feature, becomes suddenly 
 
 i 
 
 Hiii 
 
ii 
 
 !i 
 
 ^' 
 
 il 
 
 12 
 
 NEWFOUNDTiANl). 
 
 tallowy whito. If you liavo a roin])anioii, ho 
 tells you your inislortuno, and by propor luoauH 
 you rostoro circulation. Hut if no ono h(h»s tho 
 niisdiior, it procoods, and Hoon afti^r you recover 
 warmth you will loso tho aifcctod feature hy 
 sloughinji;; and thouj»^h nature after lon^ suffer- 
 u\^ will skin over the maimed nunnher, it will 
 not restore the lost portion. A frost-burn seems 
 more ditticidt of healin«r than any other sore 
 My own infant child was for many months "i 
 sutFerer in this way, though happily with no 
 worse conseipienco than a scar on her foot. A 
 few years i\^o^ in the month of April, two men 
 and two boys went otit from Grecns})ond in a 
 punt to shoot birds and seals. The dri'"L'i(M) was 
 then tloatinjj^ near the shore. An oifshore breezo 
 in tho evening kept these poor men out, and 
 drove them away with tlu^ ice. One of the men, 
 who was aged, and the two boys after a time, 
 sank exhausted and benumbed to sleep, and in 
 sleep their spirits passed away, for their com- 
 panion, upon their not awakening, discovered 
 that they were dead '. lie kept his energy 
 better, and when, after (I think) throj days' and 
 nights' exposure, he was near succumbing, ho 
 had the good fortune to see a sleeping seal, 
 
 '•' This is the usual uumiiei' of death in frost. 
 
 I 
 
h 
 
 J 
 
 ITS CTJMATE, &C. 
 
 m 
 
 wliich ho managed to nmvh and kill. If« suckod 
 its warm blood, and waa roinvi^oratcd. For a 
 week ho roniainod out in horrihh^ lonolincHs, 
 koopin^ his punt undor tho l(;o of tho ico for 
 fiholtor from mMi and wind. At tho (Uid of that 
 timo a voRHol pi(rk(Ml him up and (;arriod him to 
 St. .lohn'H. IMh foot woro burnt, and h(^ Hufforod 
 lon^ and sovoroly, till a sur^oiui cut thorn both 
 off noar tho instop. IIo Btill livos, and walks 
 and workfl with much ksH inconvonionco than 
 would bo suppoflod. 
 
 A (TOW of oijrht mon, wrecked in an En^liHh 
 vcsRcl by mooting a strip of ico noar tho New- 
 foundland coast, woro brought into (Jrocnspcmd 
 in 1852 after (^i/irlit days' exposure. All woro 
 burnt, and six of them had to lose limbs or parts 
 of limbs. I was engaged in assisting tlie doctor 
 in operating upon tho worst sufferer, who had to 
 lose by the knife all his fingers, ono thumb, and 
 both his legs. 
 
 Both fog and frost then, as well as many other 
 circumstances of life in Newfoundland, are suf- 
 ficiently disagTccable. Some things narrated 
 hereafter may seem to those who love case more 
 formidable discouragements than all that has yet 
 been told. Yet young and healthy men, fond of 
 work and eager for adventure, will not complain 
 
14 
 
 NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 of a few years spent in such a country. Moat 
 men know the pleasure of voluntarily enduring 
 hardship and hraving danger, and they who in 
 such a spirit come to Newfoundland find positive 
 enjoyment for a time. Sportsmen and men of 
 science visit the country, and in their respective 
 pursuits necessarily hear rough living and face 
 danger, and are far from complaining of it after- 
 wards. The minister of Christ in such a field 
 has, all men know, much more to impel and to 
 sustain him ; and may hope, when he retires, to 
 have a far more delightful retrospect. Too lon^ 
 continuance in hard ' living and heavy labour in 
 my own case truly made duty become toilsome, 
 and I may almost say life wearisome. But I 
 look back md remember, that at first, in fighting 
 against the peculiar hardships of climate, I found 
 delight, such as perhaps the young mariner knows 
 in battling with the breeze and stormy seas : in 
 multifarious labours I found vent for energies 
 and abilities (such as God granted me) which 
 longed to be employed: in travelling through 
 strange and wild scenes, and mingling at times 
 familiarly with people scarcely less strange and 
 uncultivated, my love for adventure was gratified. 
 And if this were all that could be said, it were 
 enough to forbid one's complaining of an abode 
 
 i 
 
 . i«_» "iiti'-aiirti'fiiff "mm 
 
ClilMATE, &C. 
 
 u 
 
 there, if its duration were not protracted too 
 long for laturul powers. I say notliin*^ of tlio 
 hliss of loving and boiiig loved, of ministering 
 good things and seeing them effectual, only be- 
 cause of this I cannot speak adequately. 
 
 
\ 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 GREENSPOND, 
 
 
 The mission of Greenspond, to which I was 
 appointed in October, 1849, was in most par- 
 ticulars the largest mission in the diocese of 
 Newfoundland ^ Extending along seventy miles 
 of coast, and requiring a journey or voyage of 
 about two hundred miles to visit all its stations 
 in one circuit, commenced and ended at the mis- 
 sionary's house on Greenspond Island, it com- 
 prised twenty-three distinct places, each needing 
 distinct visits and ministrations, and contained a 
 population of 3700 persons, of whom more than 
 3200 were my own flock. A friend to whom I 
 lately described the mission fitly named it a little 
 diocese. It is strangely, if I may not say happily, 
 appropriate that a charge, which so overtaxes the 
 missionary's energies, has for its remotest station 
 
 ' See the Statistics of the Diocese, published in the yearly 
 BeportB of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. 
 
■ 
 
 f 
 
 GREENSPOND. 
 
 opposite 
 
 in one direction Bloody Bay, and at 
 extremity Deadman's Point. With only two or 
 three exceptions, each of its several stations 
 was a cluster of islands ; and the people, all save 
 some half-dozen persons in its principal place, 
 were fishermen and their families. The fisher- 
 men prefer to live upon any barely habitable rock 
 near the fishing grounds ', rather than upon more 
 pleasant, atid in many respects more desirable 
 spots on the main shore. This chosen con- 
 venience for fishing involves inconvenience for 
 almost every other purpose. The soil, which but 
 in part covers these island rocks, is swampy turf. 
 No trees grow upon them either to adorn the 
 scene, to shelter the dwellings, or to supply fuel. 
 The 'gardens are potato and cabbage grounds 
 only. Upon many of them no water can be got 
 but that which drains from the swamps, coloured 
 like tea. In Greenspond and other places the 
 water from this source at times becomes scarce, 
 or even altogether fails. People then gather 
 carefully all the water which can be found in 
 the hollows of rocks after rain, which is named 
 " white water;" and when in summer an iceberg 
 grounds near the land, the smaller fragments 
 are fetched ashore to be thawed, and the water 
 
 * Shoal-waters. 
 
 i 
 
18 
 
 GREENSrOND. 
 
 is much valued. On these occasions a huckctful 
 of this arctic water was often sent to the clergy- 
 man by some poor neighbour, and it was counted 
 by both giver and receiver no mean gift. Once 
 when returning from a visit to my brother at 
 King's Cove, where the water was good, I brought 
 with me to Greenspond a two-gallon jar full, and 
 so much was this treat valued, that, by doling 
 out a measured draught to Mrs. Moreton and 
 myself daily, it was made to last us three weeks. 
 In winter, unless there is an early fall of snow to 
 keep the ground from frost, the supply of swamp 
 water is stopped, and ice or snow has to be 
 melted for all domestic uses. 
 
 Scarcely any one of the many inconveniences 
 which arise to the inhabitants of such places is 
 more painful, than the want of ground of suffi- 
 cient extent and suitable for the burial of the 
 dead. An old graveyard in Greenspond, now 
 no longer used, had certainly sufficient depth of 
 swamp for the purpose, but it was upon the 
 water's edge, and the ice, which in winter formed 
 upon its banks, foundered in large masses in the 
 spring of every year, and carried with it into the 
 sea portions of the soil, till at length many 
 graves were wholly lost. I have seen there three 
 coffins open at one time, their mouldering con- 
 tents being washed away by the tide. My pre- 
 
 BB 
 
GREENSPOND. 
 
 19 
 
 dcccssor in the mission made much effort to cor- 
 rect, as far as possible, this sad and painful 
 outrage upon human feeling by procuring a new 
 burial ground, the best, I believe, that could be 
 got. But where this had depth, the graves 
 when dug were in a very short time nearly filled 
 with water. The water was baled out when at 
 the time of a funeral the corpse was brought to 
 the grave, but I have seen the coffin ol an adult 
 person float and careen before the prayers were 
 ended. Where this ground was dry it was 
 shoal, or was bare rock only, and sods of turf 
 had to be brought in to build a grave above the 
 natural surface. Once I remember burying a 
 corpse, by laying it upon the rock above ground 
 to be thus walled in and covered. It was not 
 very uncommon for a dug grave to be less in 
 depth than the coffin. 
 
 There are yet worse evils attaching to these 
 ill-situated habitations. It is manifest that nei- 
 ther doctors, schoolmasters, nor clergymen can 
 be maintained in sufficient number to supply the 
 needs of all these places. And the labour of the 
 one person who in either the first or last-named 
 capacity has the whole care of them, is immensely 
 more toilsome and burdensome than the charge 
 of the same number of persons in one town would 
 be. The simultaneous calls and requirements of 
 
 c 2 
 
 IM!li«Jl..rlJ!Kr-'-" 
 
20 
 
 GREIONSPONI). 
 
 , s 
 
 widely-separated places in my mission were often 
 most perplexing and painful to me ; so much so, 
 that I sometimes dreaded to go outside my house, 
 lest I should meet persons then in Grcenspond 
 on some business, who would entreat me to go 
 forthwith, or name a time for going, a voyage to 
 their distant places, while my duties in other 
 stations were claiming my presence. 
 
 The visits of a clergyman are really and ear- 
 nestly desired and valued by the poor secl'ided 
 dwellers upon these isolated places, and their 
 words of regret, and sometimes reproach, for the 
 infrequency of my visits were truly touching and 
 hard to be borne. No less affecting was the 
 gentleness; and consideration of some who in 
 every way proved their value for my ministra- 
 tions; and for such meagre services as I could 
 render them they were truly thankful, and cheer- 
 fully forward to serve me in return. None but 
 myself could well know what manifold cares and 
 occupations my charge imposed upon me, and one 
 fears it must have seemed in the sight of the 
 flock a scant and unloving regard which brought 
 me to some of my stations but thrice or twice, 
 or even once, in twelve months. Some places, 
 alas ! remained even longer unvisited. 
 
 The missionary's residence is rightly fixed on 
 Greenspond Island, that being the larjest and 
 
 mmm 
 
 
GREENSPOND. 
 
 21 
 
 ight 
 dee, 
 Ices, 
 
 on 
 land 
 
 principal place in his mission, and nearly cen- 
 tral. For the purposes of trade this place is 
 the capital of a very extended circuit. Here 
 are two large branch houses of London and 
 Poole merchants, to which the people of aj» parts 
 of the neighbouring shore resort for supplies of 
 every kind. Every want of the fisherman's life 
 is here anticipated and provided for, and though 
 some men prefer to go yearly to St. John's for 
 their chief purchases, yet for small or casual 
 needs they all frequently come to Greenspond. 
 Here therefore the clergyman has opportunity 
 for some intercourse with all his flock, and by 
 this means he may obtain and keep a hold upon 
 the affections even of those people whom he can 
 seldom or never visit at their own homes. They 
 all are glad to feel that some man careth for 
 their souls, and receive thankfully any wor . of 
 counsel and instruction. They truly value the 
 ordinances of the Church : perhaps the very 
 infrequency of their opportunities tends to bring 
 out this feeling in some minds. My ministra- 
 tions at the several stations away from Greens- 
 pond were almost always upon working days, 
 yet the people did not fail to attend the services 
 well except when they happened at some time of 
 unusual pressure of work. The inhabitants of 
 places which I could not visit came, often with 
 
 i 
 
 % 
 
! 
 
 22 
 
 (JUKK.NHrONl). 
 
 by wiitiM*, l>rini»ino- iIumt lmlu»s witli sponsors lo 
 
 WVi 
 
 > lor Unntisi 
 
 IM. 
 
 (Jroonsnoiul is also n well-known jumI nuirli 
 nsod Imrhoiu' ol' n'l'nn(», nnd not srKloiu llu» 
 rlori»\mjvn iimls oconsion Tor vim'v inlori'stin^" 
 nnd intporlnnt ronnnnninition with tlio ninny 
 
 slrnniiors who, wi 
 
 ith lh 
 h 
 
 h 
 
 UMT voss«Ms, ivninui hcM'o 
 
 ihh 
 
 oIUmi lor (Inys (oi»vth«M* wnilnii»" lor lavonrnhlo 
 wim'.s. S«>nu>lin\os tlu» pooplo nvMiliMl Ihoni- 
 solvos t>r (lh> daily pniyors at iho rhiu'ch, nnd 
 soi\io roooiY(Ml hooks nnd Irncls from nu». It 
 stHMWod a ooninion loolini*" willi iluMn llmi in n 
 slraniix^ plaoo ihoy niii»hl rockon n]U)n linding 
 tho iMorovnian roncornod for tluMn, and ns-idv to 
 hid thi'ni (iotl sjuvd. \\\ thoso moans I liavo 
 had the liappinoss of hoin^ of service to the 
 people of some phues far remote from any mission 
 of the C^liuri h, nnd never, ns fnr as 1 eonld Knirn, 
 visited hv anv eleru'vman. 
 
 In (ireenspond alone there are a few persons 
 in position and ethieation sn])erior to the tlsher- 
 nien. Theiv are tlie merehants' aj»ents, the 
 eolleotor o( the customs, the doctor, and tho 
 scluH-khnaster. All the ])eo])le throughput tho 
 mission, except the Komanists, arc Knolish, or 
 descendants of Kno'lish settlers, mostly from 
 Hampshire and Dorsetshire. Coming, when 
 
(iKKIONHI'ONI). 
 
 •j:3 
 
 llioy worn y(it l.oys, fnun fnrni Ijihonr ni lioiin?, 
 lliry hnmj^lil lillh^ loiini'm^ vvilli iluun, luid houu) 
 \\\ui oiiro roiild rrnd luid writo noon IohI tlioir 
 ku(nvlr(l^(\ ScIiooIh hii|)|mH'I«mI l)y ili(^ local 
 fj;<»vonmuMil, and hy l,l:n Ncwloiindlaiid Sc-liool 
 Sorirl.y, ^^ivc inHlruclKHi \u iliu y<»uii^^ (or a wry 
 hiiimII payiiKMil, and vviilioui ])ayrii(;Mt, if riMjuinMl; 
 hut i\\{) rr/^'iHior of iiiarria^MJH, u lair t-<!Hi, hIiowh 
 lliai Hi ill vcM'y low jmm'hoiih aro nhU) to writo 
 (lu^ir naiiK^H coinpanMl vvilli tlio niurd)nr of IIioho 
 who, (»il,|i(M' UH ])riii('i|)alK or witnoHHOH, iruiko 
 llicir X '. 
 
 I'^rom many causers tli(^ proph? ^reniirally firo 
 iimch altiM'iMl ill tiuiipor and buariii/^ from llio 
 class in I^lni^land to which they belong. Tlicy 
 ]|jiv(^ not tlu5 hciiolit of living Ticjir, and diipcnd- 
 iii<^ upon, ])(M*sot s ol' hi;j;h(5r birth, wealth, and 
 education. The three or lour persons of superior 
 position and education in tho principal settle- 
 nuMit, ari^ tluTc in cofucf/fumca of tlie presence 
 of the iislun'tnan uj)on the shore, and expressly 
 for his ])urposes; and he well knows, for no con- 
 cealnu nt of the fact is or ni5ed bo made, that 
 tluy are there only for the sake of salary or 
 fees, and would greatly prefer to live elsewhere. 
 It is to be expected, then, that tho fisherman 
 
 ' Of 33 1 poraons inarricid in acvon years previous to 
 Septcuibor, 1S5(>, only 40 could write tlicir namca. 
 
24 
 
 GREENSPOND. 
 
 will be largely possessed with a feeling of his 
 own importance. Indeed, he regards these per- 
 sons as directly or indirectly maintained by him- 
 self. The clergyman too is known to be re- 
 ceiving a salary from the Society for the Pro- 
 pagation of the Gospel for his living among and 
 serving them, and it is not to be wondered at, 
 if unrefined minds do not conceive, or cannot 
 appreciate a higher motive for his doing so. It 
 is very generally thought of him that he would 
 never leave England to dwell among them if it 
 v/ere not " worth his while," i. e. if the situation 
 did not confer some worldly gain to attract him. 
 Protesting against this notion is of very little 
 avail in correcting it, and the clergyman acts 
 unwisely in appearing too much concerned about 
 it. It is part of his cross, and so to be borne 
 patiently. One might think that the fact of the 
 smallness of his salary from the Society \ being 
 well known, would be sufficient to exclude this 
 mean thought ; but experience has proved the 
 contrary. A further mischievous conceit of this 
 matter is still prevalent with many of the people 
 in spite of much effort that has been made to 
 remove it: namely, that the Society is but a 
 branch of the national government, and its funds 
 
 * £100 per annum. 
 
 'f^^^'^'^^f^fi^SSSMKii 
 
GUEENSPOND. 
 
 25 
 
 his 
 
 irne 
 the 
 ling 
 Ithis 
 the 
 ;his 
 »ple 
 
 to 
 it a 
 
 ids 
 
 1 
 
 derived from the taxes. Hence some men of 
 my flock have plainly told me that they indi- 
 rectly maintained the clergyman, though they 
 were never contributors to his yearly collection 
 of dues. These causes will account for the 
 clergyman's position also being very different 
 from that held by his brethren in England. 
 The fisherman's business engaging him in 
 A much bargaining and large money transactions, 
 
 is a sore trial for his honesty, and even when 
 that stands the proof, a hard and greedy spirit, 
 the " love of money," an unlovely and unloving 
 temper, is the too sure consequence. Men who 
 in England would be receiving daily, or at most 
 weekly, wages of only too easy calculation, are in 
 Newfoundland at one time taking upon credit 
 from a merchant a whole summer's or winter's 
 supplies at once ; at another time arranging with 
 him the terms upon which he receives from them 
 the whole produce of that season's labour. It 
 can easily be supposed how much room there is 
 here for the practice of low cunning and petty 
 scheming, and what an influence this has upon 
 the poor people's general character '. 
 
 ' The scheming and cunning is commonly \ery trans- 
 lucent and easy of defeat. Apart from the solemn thought 
 of the man's responsibility, there is something amusing in 
 the cool impudence with which a defeated rogue bears his 
 
2G 
 
 GKEENSrONl). 
 
 1 
 
 Having complete command of their time, these 
 people are of a strange imperturbable habit. 
 Unaccustomed to move at other men's bidding, 
 they are hardly to be excited to action unless 
 impelled by their own perception of need. 
 " When I see my own time," is a phrase con- 
 tinually in their mouths. Their very look be- 
 trays this feeling; and unless when for the 
 moment they are eager after some advantage, 
 their gait and every action seems possessed with 
 a dignity, which would be ludicrous if it were 
 not the token of so hurtful a temper. This is a 
 chief obstacle to the missionary's work amongst 
 them. Nothing is more painfully imprinted in 
 
 discomfiture. Submitting with the air of an injured and 
 oppressed man to the correction of his dealings, he will 
 exclaim, " well, let it be so ; of course it's any thing to 
 keep the poor man down:" or, as I have heard such a man 
 say, using a proverb current in the country, " Ah, I see it's 
 always the same ; the big fish eat the little ones." The ill- 
 temper of such men vents itself also in low-minded speeches, 
 contemning all knowledge of books. A man asked whether 
 he could read and write, replied, " No, I'm thankful to say 
 I can't, else I should be as big a rogue as those who can." 
 Another man, witness to a marriage, whom I asked to sign 
 the register, replied, *' No, I can't write, I must trust to 
 others, like most poor men. But I suppose there will always 
 be some well taught enough to live by their neighbours, and 
 do nothing for their bread." Happily most men of my 
 flock did not think with these. 
 
 J 
 
 
>« 
 
 GIIEENSPOND. 
 
 27 
 
 A 
 
 my remcmbranco than the long-continued effort 
 it cost mo to surmount this, before the accom- 
 plishment of any work for their good. 
 
 Closely allied with this, indeed another indi- 
 cation of the same tone of mind, is a studied 
 independent bearing, which appears upon almost 
 all occasions. A poor man whom you hire for 
 high wages will say when you engage him, that 
 he will do the work " to oblige you." 
 
 Free and intrusive manners are very general 
 and very unpleasant, but are seldom meant to be 
 offensive. Men will enter your house unasked 
 to light their pipes at your kitchen fire, and 
 perhaps sit down to smoke and spit. Once Mrs. 
 Moreton was surprised by a man thus entering 
 her parlour, where she was sitting alone. He 
 said no word, but coolly lit his pipe at the fire, 
 and walked out again smoking it ^. This degree 
 
 ' An amusing instance of such American freedom happened 
 to a friend of mine in St. John's. The intruder was, however, 
 I believe, not a Newfoundlander, but a born Yankee. A 
 tradesman sent a note of some goods he was intending to 
 purchase. The man who bore the note entered my friend's 
 house by the front door, which was on the latch, proceeded 
 up stairs without meeting any one, went into a bed-room, 
 and then judging he was in the wrong part of the house 
 returned down the stairs. He next entered a parlour, and 
 passed through that into the breakfast-room where my 
 friend and his wife were sitting. Without taking off his 
 cap or seeming to think he had done any thing unusual, he 
 handed the note to my astonished friend, and departed. 
 
28 
 
 GUEENSrOND. 
 
 of boldness, however, is not usual, and the per- 
 sons mostly S^»ilty ^^ it were not members of my 
 flock, but strangers in the harbour. 
 
 I have now named some of the most prominent 
 faults developed by circumstances in the cha- 
 racter of these quondam Dorsetshire and Hamp- 
 shire labourers. I have dwelt upon them very 
 unwillingly, and only for the purpose of showing 
 with what manner of people the missionary has 
 to work. Let me turn to subjects freer from 
 painful thought. 
 
per- 
 
 f my 
 
 ncnt 
 cha- 
 imp- 
 very 
 \inix 
 has 
 from 
 
 CHAPTER in. 
 
 WORDS AND PHRASES PECULIAR TO NEWFOUND- 
 LAND. 
 
 It may be interesting to many readers to note 
 some words and phrases commonly used by my 
 people, which are either obsolete in England or 
 of Newfoundland origin. Some pure Saxon 
 words will be found in my list, and some easily 
 traceable corrnptions or misapplications ; but 
 for others i+ would be hard to account. I have 
 placed the wM-aning after each w^ord, with some- 
 times a further illustration of its use. 
 
 Ballicadoes. Barricades. The banks of ice 
 which form upon all water- washed rocks and 
 shores in winter. 
 
 Accommodation. Recommendation. A person 
 of any bad repute is said to have a bad ac- 
 commodation. 
 
 Gulch. A mountain gorge, or ravine ; also any 
 small fissure or crevice among rocks. 
 
1[ 
 
 30 
 
 \ 
 
 WORDS AND PHRASES 
 
 Dwigh. A short shower or storm, whether of 
 rain, hail, or snow. 
 
 Spell. A time of continuance at labour, or a 
 time of rest. Short distances are in common 
 speech measured by spells : thus, " two shoulder 
 spells " is the distance a man would ordinarily 
 carry a burden on his shoulders, resting once 
 in the midst. 
 
 Turn. A burden. As much as a man will 
 carry at one time. 
 
 Charm. Pronounced cherm. A chant or song. 
 
 Pinbone. The hip-bone. 
 
 Kechhorn. The swallow. Eve's apple. 
 
 Soil. A mispronunciation of seal. 
 
 Ructions. An insurrection. Any popular dis- 
 turbance. 
 
 Reerah. Any uproarious noise. 
 
 Illumination. A display of flags. 
 
 Ram. A male cat. The male sheep is called 
 a buck. A person speaking to me of her 
 cat, regretted that she could keep none of her 
 kittens, " because Uncle Joe's ram always eats 
 them." As sheep were kept there, I under- 
 stood the kitten-eater to be one of them, and 
 felt due disgust for ram-mutton, especially of 
 Uncle Joe's rearing. 
 
 Human cry. Hue and cry. 
 
 Cause. Used for consequence, and vice versa. 
 
'! f 
 
 \ 1 
 
 PECULIAR TO NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 81 
 
 A person lamenting some adverse state of 
 things will say, "I don't know what will he 
 the cause of it," i. e. what will come of it. 
 
 Rock. Any stone of whatever size. The hoyish 
 trick of throwing stones, is called "shying 
 rocks." A friend of mine found his servant 
 with spectacles on, closely searching through 
 some currants, which he was preparing for a 
 pudding, to get out the minute pehbles found 
 among them, and complaining loudly that he 
 had been " best part of an hour picking out 
 the rocks." 
 
 More. A root. 
 
 Tucken-mores. Small low-grown shrubs and 
 creeping plants. I beg to offer a conjecture 
 of this word's proper spelling and original 
 use. I suppose it to be " tugging-more ; " so 
 named as capable of being cleared off the 
 land by pulling up, or tugging with the hand ; 
 while the larger mores of trees have to be got 
 out by digging and much labour. 
 
 Obedience. Obeisance. Children are enjoined 
 to " make their obedience," which they do by 
 making a bow. 
 
 Crabbed. Precociously knowing. 
 
 Horrid. Wonderful, but not necessarily horrid 
 in the usual acceptation. A man, after 
 whose " crabbed " little girl I was inquiring. 
 
 • 5 
 
 4 
 
) ■ 
 
 \ 
 
 32 
 
 WORDS AND PHRASES 
 
 replied to my question, whether the child 
 grew fast, " Grows, sir ! Oh, she grows 
 horrid." 
 
 Suant. Well continued, without irregularities 
 Spoken of any work or huilding in which the 
 lines are true and unbroken. 
 
 Airsome. Cold, fresh and bracing. 
 
 Clever. Large, stout. A "clever man" is a 
 large strong man. So a baby, a house, a 
 boat, a cow, any thing animate or inanimate 
 is called clever. 
 
 Roach. Coarse. Of large gross growth. Spoken 
 of timber, it seems, generally to be meant 
 in disparagement, signifying that it is too 
 free and open grained to be long serviceable : 
 a stunted growth producing harder wood. To 
 whatever it is applied, coarseness of quality is 
 usually intended. 
 
 Brough, or brow. Apt to break, as rotten 
 timber. 
 
 Breakle, breakly, brockly. Brittle. 
 
 Slatterty-sling. Perhaps meaning slatternly sling. 
 An expressive nautical substitute for the Eng- 
 lish " sixes and sevens," or " hither and 
 thither." 
 
 Idle. Full of mischievous tricks. It never is 
 used as meaning simply without occupation. 
 
 Droll. Odd, unusual. The idea of humour is 
 
 " ■ '-Vi i i iMii - wiitm rni n tM 
 
 PSKHn 
 
Tf™jr4v«'v-i;t» y-V.^..^.,, -iT r ^. ,^ .:--7-y -; r /" -< 
 
 PECULIAR TO NEWrOUNDLAND. 
 
 33 
 
 not attached to the word. A sick person de- 
 scribing his feelings will say, " I seems terrible 
 droll." When trying to show a servant some 
 proper method of doing work, she will tell you 
 she is " not used to them droll ways." One 
 of these people, if brought to London, would 
 say it seemed "a shocking droll place." 
 
 Terrible, shocking. Words used as superlatives, 
 as, "a shocking fine day," "a terrible kind 
 man." A man whom I did not happen to 
 meet for a long time after my taking the 
 n^iPKTon, came one night to a house where I 
 iv;i staying, on purpose to see the new parson. 
 He was noted for much talk, and what is com- 
 monly called "spinning yarns." I sat with 
 him till his talking tired me, and I asked to 
 go to bed. When I had gone to my room I 
 heard him tell the people of the house, " Well, 
 the parson's a shocking man to talk, it's no 
 use." The last phrase meaning, " it can't be 
 denied." 
 
 Loggy. Saturated and heavy with moisture. 
 Often applied in reproachful metaphor to a 
 dull slow person. 
 
 Stunned. Dull of apprehension, stupid. 
 
 Randevoo. Rendezvous. Any house which is 
 ill regulated, and open to disorderly visitors, 
 is called a Randevoo-house. 
 
 D 
 
 <«1---1<»«WK«|W»Bjt!t> 
 
'* ^;mm^ij»«S i iS S!i 
 
 '^f 
 
 i 
 
 
 T> ^'- '^ 
 
 / 
 
 ^ 
 
 \ 
 
 WOF.DS AND PHRASES 
 
 Moral. Model. As the model upon which a 
 ship is built. 
 
 Ichuly. 'uling, weakly. 
 
 Duckish. Dusky. 
 
 Sumple. Supple. 
 
 Anighst. Nigh. 
 
 Dangerous. In danger. When a sick person 
 seems past recovery, he is said to be dan- 
 gerous ; which does not at all mean that his 
 sickiiess is dangerous to his attendants. 
 
 Binnicky. Peevish. 
 
 Froppish, Fretful. Usually spoken of babes 
 when they are trdublesome. 
 
 Bibbering. Sobbing, and making noise with 
 the lips in crying. 
 
 Snackering. Chattering with the teeth. 
 
 Venomous. Vehement. To go eagerly and de- 
 terminedly to work is to be venomous. So 
 also when wind blows strongly, and seems 
 likely to last and increase, it is said to " blow 
 venomous." 
 
 Bloodthirsty. Hot-tempered. Persons will con- 
 fess themselves bloodthirsty, who would shrink 
 from thoughts of malice and revenge. 
 
 Schram'd. Cramped, and clammy cold. 
 
 Fraw, hard a fraw. Frozen, hard frozen. 
 
 Livier. An inhabitant or liver. One who 
 lives in any place. It is said of any un- 
 
 . 
 
 ^#SSf3S»-'- 
 
PECULIAR TO NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 35 
 
 hich a 
 
 person 
 le dan- 
 tiat iiis 
 
 babes 
 e with 
 
 aind de- 
 
 s. So 
 seems 
 " blow 
 
 ill con- 
 shrink 
 
 inhabited place that there are no liviers 
 
 in it. II 
 
 Nish. Tender, delicate. 
 
 Leary. Sinking with hunger and exhaustion. 
 The feeling of a traveller who needs refresh- 
 ment. 
 
 Proper. Used adverbially, in the sense of really, 
 truly. A very estimable old person, who used 
 to receive and lodge me in her house very 
 kindly when I was travelling in her neigh- 
 bourhood, came to Greenspond soon after my 
 marriage. After attending Evening Prayer 
 she waited at the door of the church for my 
 coming out. Mrs. Moreton was the last of 
 the congregation to leave the church, and 
 upon her coming to the door my good friend 
 who was about to address her seemed suddenly 
 taken aback, and exclaimed, to my wife's great 
 amusement, " Well, the parson have got a 
 jolly wife to be sure! You'm a proper jolly / /^u.^ 
 woman, you be." 
 
 Yarv. Wary. 0^< ^ ■■ " ^.' - ^ -^'^ '^^^;'"' '^ ■''/ ^ 
 
 le who 
 ny un- 
 
 ary. 
 
 Numerous. Filled with a large number; as 
 "the room is numerous with people;" "the 
 pantry is numerous with flies." 
 Number. Much. "I have suffered a number," 
 i. e. I have suffered much (pain). 
 
 D 2 
 
 t K 
 
 '«' ^Ari.iL\ 
 
 XS"!^-- ,^ 
 
/ • 
 
 \ 
 
 36 
 
 WORDS AND PHRASES 
 
 
 To Ray. To array. To ray a child is the com- 
 mon phrase for to dress it. 
 
 To Resolve. To answer. "I cannot resolve 
 you," i. I cannot tell you. 
 
 Behave, bciiave your works, knock off your works, 
 what works ! Addressed to noisy children. 
 
 To Chastise. To rehuke, to admonish. It never 
 means to punish. 
 
 Show. (Imperative) Give. 
 
 The Woman. The usual term for a wife, applied 
 with no disrespectful intention. It certainly 
 sounded displeasing, but was kindly meant, 
 when I was asked by most people, " How d'ye 
 do, sir? How's the woman?" In like man- 
 ner, it was not unfrequently asked of Mrs. 
 Moreton, " Is your man at home ?" or, "How's 
 your master ? " or, " the master." 
 
 To Heft. To try the weight of any thing. 
 
 To Quat. To squat, crush. 
 
 To Stud. To think or meditate. " I can't tell, 
 and I can't think, and I can't stud whatever 
 I've done with it." 
 
 To Bream ; pronounced brim. A nautical term 
 of correct use. To bream a boat is to broom 
 or brush its bottom. 
 
 Th is mostly changed to t, or d ; and f to v. 
 In foggy weather it is said to be " tick o' vog." 
 
 
 
PECULIAR TO NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 87 
 
 to V. 
 
 vog." 
 
 " T'vog is dat tick dat you may cut it wid a 
 knife." 
 
 S, terminal after a consonant, is changed to a 
 syllable es; as askes, ghostes, priestes, hand- 
 wristes. Frequently t before s is dropped, as 
 topmases, for topmasts. 
 
 Sp, terminal, or in the midst of a word, is always 
 transposed. Clasp becomes claps ; hasp, haps ; 
 aspen, apsey; crisp, cripsey; and so in similar 
 words. Curds are cruds, and curdly is cridly. 
 
 Many surnames are altered by an added s. 
 Young becomes Youngs, and the family is 
 called the Youngses. So of the names Hill, 
 Moore, and others. Edgar is made Egdar. 
 
 A certain one, a scattered one, a very nod one. 
 One here and there, few and far between. 
 " A nod one " seems to be an odd one. " V^ry 
 nod " is a frequent phrase. 
 
 I'll 'low. I'll allow. Used as in England we 
 say, " I dare say," or " I suppose." 
 
 To step aside. To die, depart from life here. 
 
 A jacket colder. A very intelligible reading of 
 the thermometer. The climate of the lower 
 end of Greenspond harbour was said to be " a 
 jacket colder " than the upper end, being more 
 exposed. It was common, also, to indicate 
 the degree of a change in weather by this 
 phrase. 
 
 I (' 
 
in 
 
 I 
 
 i' 
 
 ^8 
 
 W0UU8 AND P11UASE8 
 
 Vory protty pastime. A noticeable phrase, on 
 account of its fre(iuently strange application. 
 A man getting a Prayer Book from me to use 
 in his house, in a place where no reader held 
 service and the clergyman's visits were sadly 
 infrequent, said he was very glad to get it, 
 because " reading the Prayer Book was very 
 pretty pastime on Sundays." 
 
 As the saying is. A phrase continually recur- 
 . ring in conversation, when no current saying 
 is quoted or referred to '. • 
 
 All as one. All the same. 
 
 \ 
 
 * I have noticed some very amusing instances of tliis 
 unmeaning use of phrases, but they were not general, "iid 
 therefore not to be cited as current. One man continually 
 brought into the midst of any thing he related the words 
 " for instance," wuaout any possible application to what ho 
 Baid. In like manner another used the words " in the moan 
 time." I was once attending an aged sick man in a part 
 of my mission far from Greenspond. There was neither 
 church nor school-house, and public worship could only be 
 performed in any dwelling-house chosen for the purpose. 
 This time it was to be in the sick man's room, he being able 
 to bear it, and desirous of joining in it. When the little 
 congregation was assembled, and I was ready to begin my 
 duties, the oldest son of the sick man entered and greeted 
 the company with " Well, neighbours, how are you all upon 
 an average?" I managed to keep my gravity, and no one 
 attempted to ascertain the required average. 
 
 
 *S*»sS 
 
PECULIAR TO NEWFOUNDLAND). 
 
 on 
 
 With all the veins of my heart. A profession 
 of cordial willingness. 
 
 Als6. A laconic mode of saying that the 
 speaker's feeling or opinion is the same as 
 that just before expressed by another person. 
 Probably a low Americanism. 
 
 To-morrow or the next day. Any time not far 
 distant ^ 
 
 The other day. As the phrase last named is 
 used indefinitely, so on the other hand this 
 always signifies the day before yesterday. 
 
 How d'ye get along ? how d'ye make it out ? 
 how do times govern with you ? Common 
 forms of inquiring how you do. These phrases 
 no doubt originated in the sympathy of poor 
 people with their brethren whom they knew 
 to be struggling with poverty. 
 
 How do times govern in St. John's ? This ques- 
 tion, always asked of any man lately returned 
 from the capital, is answered by recounting 
 the prices which fish and oil realized, and 
 those at which food and clothing were got in 
 return. 
 
 ' At my first entering my mission, I visited all the people 
 to become acquainted with them, and was much distressed 
 by being asked in every house whether I would not come 
 again to-morrow or the next day, by which I understood the 
 definite time expressed. 
 
40 
 
 WORDS AND PHRASES 
 
 I 
 
 Nautical phrases are in general use. Gaining 
 any advantage over a man is called " getting to 
 windward of him;" to be in declining circum- ^^ 
 stances is to be " going to leeward ;" prospering is 
 "making headway;" getting any work or busi- 
 ness into order for progress is "getting under 
 \vay;" to live meanly and parsimoniously is to 
 " go very near the wind." 
 
 I have heard but very few proverbs in use 
 amongst the fishermen of Newfoundland. One 
 which I think is very expressive and character- 
 istic I have already cited ^. It was generally 
 spoken with sufficiently pertinent application. 
 There was a proverb more often used than any 
 other, of which I must either believe it spoilt by 
 misquotation, or else confess myself too dull to 
 perceive its force: "We must live in hopes, 
 supposing we die in despair." We have in New- 
 foundland a saying equivalent to the English 
 one, "He robs Peter to pay Paul," and the 
 Scotch, "He rives (tears) the kirk to theik 
 (thatch) the choir." It is, "He sits in one end 
 of the tilt and burns the other." This could 
 only originate with people accustomed to live in 
 wooden houses, and admirably expresses to their 
 apprehension the folly of shiftless expedients. I 
 
 i I 
 
 Page 26, note. 
 
^ff^WWV 
 
 ^ 
 
 PECULIAR TO NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 41 
 
 onco saw the literal fulfilment of this proverb. 
 A poor thriftless family, too lazy to work, ac- 
 tually, while living in the forest, burned parts of 
 one end of their house to warm themselvbo fitting 
 at the other. Dean Ramsay, in his interesting 
 " Reminiscences of Scottish Life and Character," 
 gives two interpretations of his countrymen's 
 proverb, "Ruse (praise) the fair day at e'en." 
 The Dean reads it, " Give thanks at evening for 
 the mercies of the past day;" while a friend 
 whom he cites applies it thus: "Do not praise 
 the day (or the season) till you have seen it 
 closed." This has reminded me of a saying 
 repeated to me in Newfoundland, which may be 
 equally approved with Dr. Ramsay's quotation as 
 he gracefully interprets it, and is far superior to 
 the latter application. It is, "Always praise the 
 bridge that carries you safe over." The beautiful 
 words of Mr. Keble seem to me at once to inter- 
 pret this proverb by paraphrase, and to improve 
 its spirit: 
 
 " Eeady to give thanks and live 
 On the least that Heaven may give." 
 
 A fisherman noted for industry and fair success, 
 speaking to me with regret about a friend's 
 slovenliness and neglect in business, said of him- 
 self and his sons, "We only keep above water 
 
 ' ■ ' LJj.;ui); 
 
 -ii n, i | iiww ; ) ;r_ i .^ ^^~~ 
 
42 
 
 WOllDS AND rURASES 
 
 ; 
 
 hy dint ofstupidlhf and hard work^ and how can 
 ho expect to thrive?" The words in italics, 
 though I liavo not heard them since or before, 
 cling to my memory as expressing with the 
 pithy curtness of a proverb the means of many a 
 dull plodding man's success, — not ready wit, but 
 a principle which effects wonders in spite of 
 natural deficiency, — honest industry. 
 
 Another very thrifty fisherman used often to 
 say in reproof of profitless talk which hind(;red 
 work, " Words fill no bags." 
 
 These few proverbs, not, I believe, generally 
 known, seem to me > worth noting here for the 
 reason urged by one who a few years since col- 
 lected the proverbial sayings of his country'. 
 "If they are not registered, it is possible that they 
 might have died with the tongue from which 
 you took them, and so have been lost for ever." 
 
 A good deal of ready wit and clever repartee 
 is common. An amusing case of the biter bit 
 occurs to me as an instance. It was more inno- 
 cent of any ill-feeling than sharp retorts are 
 generally. A merchant whom I knew, very fond 
 of joke and banter, heard one of my people 
 name his eldest son's age, upon which he re- 
 
 [ 
 
 4 (( 
 
 Tlie Proverbial Philosophy of Scotland," by Mr. Stir- 
 
 ling of Kier. 
 
 mm 
 
/ t 
 
 1 ) 
 
 PECULIAR TO NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 43 
 
 *e- 
 
 tir- 
 
 i 
 
 marked, " Is it possible he is no older ? Why, 
 ho must have been a great rogue to be so 
 grey-haired already." The old fisherman, with 
 scarcely so much changed expression as an arch 
 look, quietly replied, " Well, I can hardly think 
 that, or you'd have been grey yourself long years 
 ago." 
 
 Many an amusing anecdote might bo told of 
 dull apprehension, which is so li xc per^^erse mis- 
 apprehension and clever evasion, that you car . it 
 bo sure of which kind it is. I was told oi one 
 of my predecessors in Greenspond, th.it i n trying 
 with much earnestness and labour to correct the 
 sordid temper of an aged parishioner, he cited 
 as an exemplar the conduct of the martyr Cran- 
 mer. "He might have saved his life, John, if 
 he would. All he need do to save himself from 
 the fire would have cost him nothing, but he 
 would not do wrong for any gain. It was only 
 to write his name on a pi, '^ of paper, and he 
 would not." The old man, much interested, 
 exclaimed, "Why, he must '^.ave been a proper 
 fool!" 
 
 Alas, how often are our words spent to as 
 little purpose ! I was once labouring to impress 
 upon a man the duty of the flock to maintain its 
 church and minister, and his own duty in par- 
 ticular to contribute to my yearly collection of 
 
 Bi ' ^L-. l 'UI ' JI B 
 
44 
 
 WORDS AND PHRASES 
 
 ; ! 
 
 dues. He replied that the Society (for the 
 Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts) 
 maintained me, and that if my salary were not 
 sufficient, the Society was to blame for having 
 reduced it. To exculpate the Society, I asserted 
 the ability of the flock, and showed how much 
 the Society had done in wholly maintaining the 
 mission for so many years, and paying its several 
 successive ministers in that time no less a sum 
 than so much. I now forget the time and sum. 
 My argument resulted only in the man's as- 
 tonished exclamation, " My ! there's a sight of 
 money the parsons had." I had but confirmed 
 him in the common and most unreasonable notion 
 that the parson is a rich man. 
 
 My brother, who held the mission of King's 
 Cove, took a young woman from my flock to be 
 his servant. She was a fair specimen of her 
 class ; sufficiently ready and active at work, but 
 very dull to apprehend any instruction in higher 
 things, and very little desirous of learning. My 
 brother took much pains to improve her, chiefly 
 by reading to her and catechizing her before the 
 evening prayers of his family. Her seeming in- 
 capacity or indifference, it was hard to say which, 
 was very discouraging, till one evening she said, 
 " If you please, sir, there's one thing you read 
 at prayers that I want to ask about." Delighted 
 
 illi*!! 
 
 ssr .. g g' 
 
PECULIAR TO NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 45 
 
 at the dawn of intelligence, my brother inquired 
 her difficulty, but was soon disappointed in 
 learning that her curiosity sought no more than 
 an explanation of the " droll saying " in one of 
 the Psalms, " there is little Benjamin" 
 
 My own hopes have sometimes been excited 
 by a request for information, usually prefaced 
 with many apologies for making it : "I hope it's 
 no harm what I'm going to ask, sir, but I said 
 I'd ask you. Excuse my boldness." Then came 
 some question about a passage of Scripture. Too 
 commonly it proved to be only an idle inquisi- 
 tiveness upon some point which could have no 
 bearing upon their own faith and practice. I 
 have been taken aside from a journey, and de-- 
 tained in a house by the way, solely to satisfy an 
 inquiry as to who were those sons of God that 
 allied themselves with the daugh'.>ers of men. 
 One day, while on a journey in my last mission, 
 I saw a woman .sitting outside her house, looking 
 very thoughtful over a book which I had lately 
 given hei*. I stayed to talk with her, and she 
 told me that she was in perplexity about the 
 subject on which she was reading, " I know it's 
 very stupid of me, sir; but I'n. thinking and 
 stud'ing, and I can't make it out. And I've 
 asked Aunt Rachel too, and she's a very know- 
 ledgeable woman, but she can't resolve me." 
 
fl 5i 
 
 46 
 
 WORDS AND PHRASES 
 
 The difficulty was first that she could not dis- 
 cover who was the mother of the Blessed Virgin. 
 When I had helped her out of this trouble, she 
 told me next that she could not find out to 
 what tribe and family the Virgin belonged. I 
 said, "The tribe of Judah, and the house of 
 David." " Yes, sir, I know it's said she was of 
 the house and lashens ^ of David, but what I 
 can't find out is which of Judah's sons she came 
 of." It was now time to point out to her the 
 unprofitableness of such inquiries, and direct 
 her to more useful thoughts, which ended our 
 conversation. 
 
 The class of " knowledgeable persons " to 
 which Aunt Rachel belonged is a numerous and 
 troublesome one. She, poor woman, was one of 
 the least offensive. I dare say there is one or 
 more of such persons in every flock. Not one of 
 the many little communities in my mission was 
 free from them; and too often they are the 
 "dead flies (which) cause the ointment of the 
 apothecary to stink." Their intention is not 
 always mischievous, but their action is invariably 
 such. Generally they are persons who can read 
 a little, and perhaps also write, and are largely 
 possessed with self-conceit. With little sense of 
 
 * Lineage. 
 
PECULIAR TO NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 47 
 
 of 
 
 modesty and meekness they proclaim on every 
 side their superior knowledge and perception, 
 and are too often valued at their own estimation 
 by their more humble-minded neighbours. Such 
 persons make it their especial province to inter- 
 pret Scripture ; and if their view differ from 
 an exposition given by their clergyman, this dif- 
 ference does but show their skill and capacity to 
 teach. A person of this character once boasted 
 to me of an opportunity he had lately taken to 
 show himself vastly better informed than a neigh- 
 bour whom I fear he despised. He had convinced 
 his ill-taught friend that there was in the Bible 
 such a name for a boy as Brazilian. I did not 
 gratify the man by declaring that I knew no 
 such name, but satisfied myself that he had mis- 
 read the name Barzillai. 
 
 The practice of choosing unusual names for 
 children from Holy Scripture, or from otlier 
 books, is well known amongst the poor every 
 where. My people in Newfoundland were much 
 given to it, and often my utmost power of con- 
 jecture or invention was tried to find and give 
 the proper names to infants at their baptism. 
 The word spoken by the sponsors was often vm- 
 like any known name, and when with difficulty 
 1 discovered what it was intended for, it some- 
 times proved so objectionable as to oblige me 
 
 '< 
 
48 
 
 WORDS AND PHRASES 
 
 ^ 1 
 
 to require a substitute. I was asked to name 
 one child Lo Ruhamah ^, and its mother was 
 much displeased that I disliked her choice. In 
 her family there hr' been both this name and 
 Lo Ammi. Jerusha, Abi, Keren-Happuch, and 
 other equally unusral names from Scripture were 
 often given. The names of evil characters were 
 as much in request as those of holy persons, and 
 it may be supposed the parents could not appre- 
 ciate the feeling which objected to them. The 
 choice made from other sources was sometimes 
 more puzzling. Idgnia was the name appointed 
 by one man to be given to his child. The 
 mother lightly hesitated to reject his choice 
 in his absence, so I taxed my memory to find 
 the name intended, and after much conjecture 
 adopted Eugenia. For another child I changed 
 Hemmony to Hermione. Pertilda was a mis-' 
 pronunciation of Matilda, and Familia of Pamela. 
 Diana, a very frequent choice, I rejected as 
 heathen, and substituted Dinah. A woman 
 whom I knew as Bertha was married years be- 
 fore as Bathsheba, while the register of her 
 baptism gave the name Beersheba. Once when 
 entering a baptism, the babe's mother gave her 
 
 ^ Hosea i. 6. Marginal interpretation, " not having ob- 
 tained mercy." 
 
PECULIAR TO NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 49 
 
 )b. 
 
 own name for entry as Blizer. Much puzzled 
 I asked her to spell it. " Well, sir," she replied, 
 "it's strange that you don't know it. Why 
 that's not all my name. I'm Anna Bliza." 
 This gave me a clue, and I entered her name 
 Annahella Eliza. The process of contraction 
 had been first, Bell Liza, and then Bliza. One 
 woman asked me to name her child Eeplet, and 
 I discovered the intention to ^e Hypolite. The 
 choice was her husband's, and he was a French- 
 man, 
 
 Once I found a child bearing the hateful 
 name of Cain. The poor child's story is pain- 
 fully interesting. Born of evil parents, its 
 father disowned, and its mother abandoned it. 
 The father's sister took in the outcast and 
 adopted it, and after some time asked me to 
 baptize it. Upon putting the usual question 
 whether the child were already baptized, I dis- 
 covered first by the hesitation of the sponsors 
 that something was wrong, and then by thinr 
 plain confession that its grandmother had bap- 
 tized it, and in fancied appropriateness to its 
 outcast condition named it Cain. But the foster- 
 mother begged that T would neither regard that 
 baptism nor retain the odious name, for the 
 grandmother had acted in an outburst of ill- 
 temper, and the profanity of her act was so 
 
 i\ 
 
60 
 
 WORDS AND PHRASES 
 
 V ■ 
 ^t ! 
 
 i 
 
 
 gross that the young woman would fain regard 
 it as null. I did as she desired, using ihrs 
 hypotiietical form of baptism, and givinsy llie 
 child a name whiclt was free from objection. 
 
 Irregular baptism ministered by all sorts of 
 persons, though rar«ily by women, is very gene- 
 rally practised amongst, the p<)or people in re- 
 mote places, which seldom receive a clergyman's 
 visit and ministrations. The children so bap 
 tized are always brought to the missionary wren 
 next he eoruos amongst them, and almost in- 
 variably the parents ask him to baptize them. 
 I have, howieiver, found a very few parents who 
 felt satisfied with the baptism already received, 
 and desired only the reception of the children 
 into the Church. 
 
 At services held in dwelling-houses, where no 
 church or school is in being, strange inter- 
 ruptions often arise, not only from the necessary 
 presence of the younger members of the family, 
 and the continuance during the service of some 
 culinary processes, but also from the fact of the 
 poor people's being unaccustomed to religious 
 assembling, and not being under the peculiar 
 solemn feeling which the very appearance of a 
 sacred building serves to excite and foster. Im- 
 mediately before beginning a service I have been 
 disturbed by a woman near me, who intended no 
 
 <f. 
 
 '"HM'-mi'i^iiS^ii 
 
 i^mm 
 
re* 
 
 PECULIAR TO NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 51 
 
 offensive familiarity, lifting my surplice to ex- 
 amine it, and remarking aloud upon it. My 
 predecessor was once interrupted, in the midst 
 of his sermon I believe, by the mistress of the 
 house exclaiming to her grandchildren, "Lotte, 
 hook out the lamp ^ Jack, drive out the dog." 
 
 A poor man in my mission, whilst once read- 
 ing the Church prayers, and a sermon for a 
 little congregation where no reader was ap- 
 pointed, was similarly annoyed by an old woman 
 in the chimney corner calling to some young 
 ones, "My gracious, girls, I've forgot the loaf. 
 Julia, go out to the next house and hang on the 
 bakepot." 
 
 ^ i.e. trim the wick. 
 
 E 2 
 
i: 
 
 cnArxER IV. 
 
 THE MISSIONARY AND IIlS FLOCK. 
 
 The Clergyman's rebuke of an erring parisbionor 
 is more often cleverly evaded than rudely or 
 angrily rejected. One is often sent away sad 
 and discomfited by the too ready and matter-of- 
 course sort of assent given to all you say, your 
 words seeming not to touch the sinner with any 
 real feeling. They are not lost, assuredly ; but oh, 
 shall they reclaim the soul you love ? However, 
 the fii*st case I now relate was not one of inten- 
 tional repulse. A poor, very untaught young 
 woman had been guilty of an oflPence for which it 
 was needful that I should rebuke her. Lonff 
 time passed before I got opportunity to do so, 
 and she lived among persons who would, I feared, 
 only lead her to think lightly of her ftiult. At 
 last I did speak to her, and she met my rebuke 
 in a manner which was at once touching from its 
 artless simplicity, and such as to disarm me; 
 
 <^ 
 
 ' 
 
 I'JWir.Miiiii saaiiMxi 
 
 riftirw i i m i rtu Miii < i " 1111.111 111 1 tmj t iiiiii . ii ' i I (I I M i M i tiir iiii HKW i f i inrw" i rfl' i mTYrffinf i ' j fl M i i T ft-i TiTtfir i VMWi 
 
(« 
 
 THE MISSIONAUY AND HIS FLOCK. 
 
 53 
 
 hit 
 
 )ng 
 
 so, 
 
 [ed, 
 
 Ut 
 
 ike 
 
 I its 
 
 le; 
 
 h 
 
 droppinf^ a short curtsey, she said, " Yes, sir, 
 bad thing 1 was to do it, sir, wasn't T?" 
 
 There was a man in ny flock, whose general 
 conduct was unsatisfactory and often needing 
 rehuko, and who, though most respectful in man- 
 ner, seemed in no way corrected by any admoni- 
 tion. I was one day standing by 1 im at his 
 work and speaking upon some common subject, 
 vViicn one of his customary oaths (»scaped him. 
 Instantly he forestalled the expected rebuke by 
 blinking his head n;morsefully, and striking it a 
 revengeful thump with his list ; at the same 
 time interspersing his discourse to me with words 
 of self-reproach, " J5ad man, 15111 (thump) ! What 
 did you say that bad word for (thump) ? Bad 
 
 mani 
 
 !" 
 
 The free intercourse and intimacy which must 
 be between the missionary and his people, when 
 he has to spend days and nights as a guest in 
 their houses, often place him in very strange 
 positions, and bring out some amusing traits of 
 character'. In the house of a family which 
 
 * Much tact is certainly required to Buatain the mis- 
 sionary's proper character, but I can testify to the readiness 
 of the flock, almost one and all, to recognize that character 
 and respect it. They do so, certainly, not the less for the 
 clergyman's accommodating himself, as far as is proper and 
 possible, to their mode of life, and making himself familiar 
 
 — *W»«*l!tSlW»«)liSEiKi 
 
 t' ^«t»» .i m>w iiiiii ww i 
 
M I 
 
 54 
 
 THE MISSIONARY ANl> 1118 KI<OCK. 
 
 always rocoivod luul lod^od mo in my jounioys to 
 ono oxtrtMiiity of* my miasioii, wiia a very ji^od 
 woman, llir jifroat-jirandnutllior of the diildrrn 
 there. She was ji stran^^ely taeiturn person, and 
 for a very lon«»" time I found no way to draw her 
 into ronversation. ()eonj)'u"d only in nnrsin<»: a 
 baby, and niterinij almost oontinnaliy a lU'onin^ 
 sonnd to hdi lier noisy *'harij[e t(» sleep or quiet- 
 ness, she seemed insensible to all that passed, 
 hardly fonseious of my ]>resenee, and, as far as I 
 eonht jud«;e, totally inditferent to the services 
 which at eac.ls visit 1 held in tli(» honse. At 
 length she proved that she had not been so 
 altogether nnobservant and regard h»ss. 
 
 Diu'ino^ one of my visits, ho'uv^ left alone with 
 nie, sh(> bn.ki* silence, and hero is onr conversa- 
 tion, from which there sprang;- a fj^ratifyinj;-, and, 
 
 with their caros and occupntioiis. Souio marlxcd difforonce 
 must all Iho while bo rigidly preserved in his hnl)ita, from 
 ihoae of his entertainers; and I his, so far from being ofl'en- 
 sive to them, is expected of him. As an instaDico, I may 
 say that he should carefully avoid joining with his people in 
 the use of spirits and tolnaceo. To readers iu England I 
 know this caution will seem a strange one, and unnecessary 
 to be addressed 'to any one who is to bo called to the minis- 
 try. Lot them pardon me for saying, that without experi- 
 ence of the life I am depicting, they cannot appreciate the 
 danger to a man so secluded from all refined associations, of 
 sinking into a lov, deportment and degrading habits. 
 
 ,1 
 
 
 tUmm 
 
THE MIHSIONAUY AND IIIU KI.OCK. 
 
 55 
 
 •once 
 
 Voin 
 
 Von- 
 
 nmy 
 
 o ill 
 
 nd 1 
 
 isary 
 
 liuis- 
 
 leri- 
 
 tlie 
 
 8, of 
 
 'h 
 
 I truHt, ])n)lilnhlo iniiiinuty. " I Hiiy, fjiiluT, how 
 old WW von?" '' I ntn twonlv-niiio." (Slio wuh 
 ii ciMitiMuirijui.) 'M'utluM', Imvo you ^ot any 
 IViondH?" •' Y(iH, I'vo u l)n>ilu?r, llu^ rniHsioimry 
 at Kin^»^'H (■ovc." " V'i^h, yoH, l)ut haven't you 
 ^()t any iVicnds in Kn^dand ?" " Y(ih, 1 inivo 
 many kind IViinidH in Kn^^land." "Hut do thoy 
 over send you any thii-ir?" "() yen, they writo 
 h^ttci'H to nu;." " Ah, hut don't they nc^vcr Hcuid 
 you nothin*^ ?" I lor dau^iitor and ^n'arul(hui^ditor 
 had now conio in, and \vvv{) Htandin^ aHtoiuidud 
 ut tho poor old wonuin'H locpuuMty, and Hlux^kod 
 at tho charactiu* of hn- ([uoHtiouH. Thc^y tried 
 to silcnco luu', hut she; protoHtcd, " Now it's no 
 harm what I'm saying, in it, fatluir?" "No, 
 indocd, it's not." I hc^^frcul tlu^rn not to inter- 
 rupt hor, and slu; rosumod, " Well, now, poo- 
 ])lo's iricnds do(^s Hond '«un tilings sonu?tinic8, 
 don't 'cm ?" Thus tho dialogue prowiodod for a 
 little time, gn^atly anuiHing mii. IJut moro than 
 that, it was tho hcginning of a free intercourse 
 vvlii(!h cnahlcd mc to disctovcr the pcxjr woman's 
 j?rovving religious feeling and cnpiw.iiy for in- 
 struction. At a visit some time after I felt 
 ahle with much thankfulness to receive her to 
 the Holy Communion. 
 
 Very commonly two or three generations of a 
 fisherman's familv arc dwelling under one roof. 
 
 „^,„ttmmmtmmitmtHmtllm 
 
 mm 
 
r 
 
 ■wgR 
 
 :,; 
 
 66 
 
 THE MISSIONAUY AND HIS FLOCK. 
 
 In summer time, during the fishing season, ser- 
 vant men and women, and sharemcn are there 
 also. There were some houses in my mission in 
 which two or three and thirty individuals thus 
 lived together. One fisherman's house which I 
 often visited, and in which I usually lodged for a 
 night and day or longer, had, among its nume- 
 rous inmates, five young married women and 
 their children, and I think it was nothing 
 unusual in that house for four cradles to he in 
 requisition at the same time. The oldest inmate 
 was a great-great-grandmother ; four generations 
 of her descendants being in the house with her, 
 and her granddaughter's grandchildren in another 
 house close by '. As all the women and grown 
 children in a fisherman's household must be 
 almost continually out of doors curing fish in the 
 season, the care of the infants devolves greatly 
 upon the aged people who are past labour. It is 
 a hard, not to say cruel tax upon their failing 
 energies, and they have sometimes complained to 
 
 ' Families thu3 crowded together are not so living to 
 save rent and taxes as in England, for in Newfoundland 
 every man's house and land is hia own freehold. It is to 
 save labour and ex{>ense in building houses, for the economy 
 of keeping but one fire and one table, and chiefly for the 
 convenience of having all hands ready on the spot at all 
 times for work. 
 
 :z^ 
 
 MMMM 
 
THE MISSlONAllY AND HIS FI.OCK. 
 
 67 
 
 to 
 land 
 
 to 
 )my 
 Itbe 
 
 all 
 
 me very movini^ly of the worry and distress it 
 caused them. It is sad, indeed, to see the even- 
 ing of life thus disturhed. This was the case 
 hoth of the aged woman I have just now men- 
 tioned, and of her whose conversation I have 
 related above. I was once both pained, and yet 
 at the same time provoked to laugh at the efforts 
 I saw this person making to quiet a baby who 
 was squalling vigorously. The poor old nurse 
 sat alone in the sun, rocking her chair vehemently, 
 or in Newfoundland parlance, " venomously," and 
 with ludicrously brief alternations, was coaxing 
 the squaller, and denuding and flogging it. 
 
 Much unaffected simplicity of manner and 
 childlike teachableness marked the character of 
 some of the best among my people. A very fine 
 old man, from Christchurch in Hampshire, who 
 always seemed to rejoice in an hour's talk with 
 his minister, one day rose from his seat in the 
 schoolroom of the place in which he lived, — that 
 room was both the church and school there, — 
 and coming to the desk where I was preparing 
 to read the prayers, began to talk of his know- 
 ledge of the New Version of the Psalms. Seem- 
 ing quite unconscious or heedless of the presence 
 of the assembling congregation, he placed his 
 hands behind him like a boy in class, and re- 
 peated to me the whole of the Ninetieth Psalm 
 
 ■f 
 
58 
 
 THE MISSIONARY AND HIS FLOCK. 
 
 in verse. In the tenth stanza the sense is in- 
 complete without the following one. The old 
 man, however, made the usual cadence at the 
 words " to eighty we arrive," without suspicion of 
 the incompleteness. 
 
 I have spoken of the love of money as an evil 
 too generally prevalent in my flock at Greens- 
 pond; hut I ever felt in dealing with this evil 
 that they had more sore temptation to it than 
 most men in England experience. Persons of 
 this class at home, and like them little raised 
 hy education, are not used to the possession of 
 any store. Most men of wealth in England in- 
 herited much, and tHe increase of their possessions 
 is almost a natural process ; parsimony is there- 
 fore in them an error, very different in degree 
 from the closeness and hoarding of my fishermen, 
 whose little hoard is the fruit of their own hard 
 labour and scant living. The converse holds 
 equally true. The liberality of most monied 
 men at home is a far easier virtue than that of 
 these poor Newfoundlandmen, and may be in 
 some cases only an exemplification of the proverb 
 that "what easily comes easily goes." With 
 this consideration in mind I greatly value any 
 evidence which can be produced of cheerful 
 giving to good uses on the part of my late flock, 
 find I would beg my readers to take into account 
 
 ^ 
 
 jui i juimw.;tui i . i mwnui'.!iJ i liiw*Mii Mi 
 
 -■^'^VSOBWW 
 
 -^iwniiiiuiiHiWi.iSmM 
 
" / 
 
 THE MISSIONARY AND HIS FLOCK. 
 
 59 
 
 the faults of habit and education which must in 
 their case have been overcome, while I relate to 
 them some of the efforts which have been made 
 by the flock at Greenspond. 
 
 The mission owes its establishment, and its 
 maintenance since the appointment of its first 
 clergyman in 1830, to the bounty of the vene- 
 rable Society for the Propagation of the Gospel ^ 
 But twenty years before this there was a strong 
 effort and a large outlay of money on the part of 
 the then small population to obtain and secure 
 to themselves and their children those religious 
 privileges which had been lost to them by their 
 emigration from England to this desolate country. 
 It is now about fifty years since the people of 
 Greenspond Island agreed together to build a 
 church there, and many of their brethren on the 
 neighbouring small islands helped them ^. They 
 
 m 
 rerb 
 ^ith 
 my 
 •ful 
 kk, 
 lint 
 
 ' Even before 1830 I believe the Society employed and 
 paid sclioolmasters and readers in t^'/o or three places of the 
 mission. 
 
 * I believe these poor people had no other encouragement 
 to this work than a vague trust that if they built a house 
 for prayer and preaching, a teacher would somehow be 
 found or sent for them. This seems to be evidenced by the 
 fact, told me by one of the original contributors, that when 
 the church was built a meeting of the people consulted 
 whether they should try to get a Methodist Teacher or a 
 Clergyman of the Church. A large majority declared their 
 firm adherence to the Church of their fathers in England. 
 
00 
 
 T»R MlSSlONAin- ANU HIS KI.OCK. 
 
 vorv vSoi>n oivotoil n ohmvh, n not v«m*v suitable 
 buildiuii tvrlainlv, but \vv\ crcilitablo to ibo ro- 
 liuious fooling of llu>si» wbo were tbus seeking 
 «ijaii\ tbe (mhI of tbiMr falbers. I say svi'Mni^ 
 Uim (woif). lor bv tbeir own staletneni it is 
 sadly evident tbat tbe wlmle peopU* were tear- 
 fully ininioral. and it n\ii)bt be said of tbeni very 
 generally tbat tiod was not in all tbeir tbou^bts. 
 v>nnday was observed only as (be day for ]nitting 
 in i>rder all tbe lisbinij' ijear used in tbe previous 
 week or required for tbe weidv ensuing. 'I'be 
 nierobants' stores were open till uiid-ilay, and 
 tbe lisbernien tben took tbeir salt and niade 
 otber purebases. Tbe eleruyman wbo tirst bad 
 ebarjie of tbis n\ission, tbe Ivev. N. A. (\)ster, 
 bad to entreat tbe nuister-tisbernuMi to allow 
 tbeir servants tinu' to attentl tbe ebureb; and as 
 a proof o( bow little tbe bonoiu' due to («od in 
 His bouse was t'elt. 1 may nuMition tbat tbe rum- 
 bottle was passed from band to bavid in tlu^ 
 upper ijallery of tbe elunvb during tbe tinu> of 
 l>ivine Service. 
 
 At various times sinee tbis tn*st willinu; ofter- 
 ing\ tbe people of (ireenspond bave batl occasion 
 to spend nu)ney for religious uses in large pro- 
 portion to tbeir means. Tbat first cburcb was 
 twice or tbreo times altered and enlarged, and a. 
 rearrangement and improvement of tbe interior, 
 wliicb \\a> effected bv the zeal of tbe tirst mis- 
 
imi- 
 llio 
 ' of 
 
 tor- 
 lioM 
 
 ro- 
 IV as 
 lla. 
 lor, 
 
 is- 
 
 p 
 
 O 
 
 Pi 
 
 73 
 
 'J 
 
 <n 
 n 
 
 S', 
 
 o 
 
 OS 
 
 tc 
 
 'J 
 
 a. 
 
•1*»— ^l— ~"— 
 
 \l 
 
 ;' 
 

 THE MISSIONARY AND HIS FLOCK. 
 
 61 
 
 sionary, was very exper,8ive to the people. Lastly, 
 in the time of my holding of the mission, that 
 church was demolished, and a large and hand- 
 some one built at a cost of several hundred 
 pounds, contributed chiefly by the fishermen of 
 the place '. 
 
 But these wore, it may be said, only spasmodic 
 efforts, the temporary result of excitement. It 
 is more important to show the existence of a 
 regular systematic self-taxation by the people for 
 their Church's support. This, I am happy to 
 say, I can do. The clergymen who were my 
 predecessors received a full and sufficient main- 
 tenance from the Society for the Propagation of 
 the Gospel, and therefore had not occasion to 
 demand such large general contributions from 
 their flock as became necessary when on my 
 appointment I received only half the stipend 
 which had been previously provided from the 
 Society^. Still, from the first, a yearly collec- 
 tion was made by those clergymen, in addition 
 Lo payments made to the churchwardens for the 
 expenses of the public services in church. As 
 nearly as I could ascertain, the people's usual 
 
 ' See Appendix A. 
 
 " This reduction was made by a rule applying to all the 
 missionaries of the Society in Newfoundland who should be 
 appointed in and after the year 1849. 
 
 ,» 
 
 ^' 
 
62 
 
 THE MISSIONARY AND HIS FLOCK. 
 
 
 and regular contributions were about 45/. yearly. 
 In my own time tbeir payments gradually became 
 larger and more general, and tlie recognition of 
 the duty of the flock to maintain its pastor, slowly 
 and with difficulty, but progressively, gained a 
 hold upon the people's mind and will. Owing 
 to the heavy expense incurred by them in build- 
 ing their new church, and by reason of a large 
 part of my collection being appropriated by the 
 Diocesan Church Society to the annual payment 
 of readers in my mission, the average of my own 
 receipts in augmentation of my stipend during 
 ten years was but 20/. per annum. Upon the 
 completion of the church, however, an immediate 
 effort was made by the flock to correct this de- 
 ficiency of my stipend, and an additional quarterly 
 collection for charitable uses was tvillingly under- 
 taken \ At length, upon the appointment of my 
 successor in the mission in June 18G0, the people 
 voluntarily accepted the entire burden of their 
 clergyman's maintenance, and released the vene- 
 rable Society from any longer continuance of its 
 
 bountv to them ^ 
 
 %i 
 
 ' This quarterly r jllecti'^u was for, 1. The Society for the 
 Propagation of the G-ospel's Missir'as to the Heathen ; 2. 
 The Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge ; 3. Clergy's 
 Widows and Orp ns' Fund ; 4. General Orphan Asyhim 
 of the Church of ^^nglari in St. John's, Newfoundland. 
 
 •* See Appendix B. 
 
 f 
 
 i5» i 
 
^•■i,i''!f7.'T.''rv~:^ -> 
 
 s de- 
 'terly 
 
 my 
 )ople 
 
 ^enc- 
 )f its 
 
 )r the 
 
 brgy 8 
 lylum 
 
 THE MISSIONARY AND UIS FLOCK. 
 
 63 
 
 1 
 
 The history of the several small churches huilt 
 in other stations of the mission is in many par- 
 ticulars similar to what I have related of that 
 on Greenspond Island. They were the smaller 
 offerings to God's glory of smaller flocks ; but I 
 doubt not they were as largo in proportion to 
 the means of the builders, and were the fruits 
 and evidence of a like spirit. 
 
 On Finchard's Island the first church was a 
 store, purchased and dedicated by the people to 
 its sacred use. It was consecrated, I believe, by 
 the late Bishop Inglis of Nova Scotia. Old ;ind 
 unsuitable from the first period of its adaptation, 
 it had become, when I saw it, almost a ruin. 
 The building of a handsome and substantial new 
 church for this flock was the first work of the kind 
 committed to me. One fishing crew gave more 
 than 70/. towards it; another nearly 60/., and the 
 rest in likv proportion to their means. Among 
 the contributors was one man, now no more on 
 earth, whom I have reason especially to remem- 
 ber as a bright oxample of faith and good deeds. 
 He, with his sons, purchased a large vessel for 
 the sealing voyage and the Labrador fishery, and 
 this for S4)me time afterwards obliged him to 
 practise very careful economy. He had already 
 given money freely to asBist the building. Upon 
 my first seeing him after his purchase he pro- 
 
64 
 
 THE MISSIONARY AND HIS FLOCK. 
 
 mised to give 10/. more, if the vessel were suc- 
 cessful on her first voyage. Meeting me again 
 a few days after, he referred to his recent pro- 
 mise, and retracted the terms; "For," said he, 
 "I have the 10/. nov^r by me, and if I keep it, 
 and our vessel does badly, I shall certainly be 
 tempted to spend it, and let the church go 
 short. You shall therefore have it now at 
 
 once. 
 
 The story of the origin of the church at 
 Swaine's Island, is to me the most interesting 
 of all. 
 
 The original settlers on this very small place 
 were two Englishmen, in great poverty, and with 
 large families to maintain. Each kept a fishing- 
 boat, manned by hired servants or sharemen, 
 their own sons being too young for work ^ For 
 a long time their struggle for life was a hard 
 one, and their success was not at the first equal. 
 The man whose crew first began to prosper was 
 from Ring wood in Hampshire. He left home 
 young withort knowledge of writing or reading. 
 But despite his ignorance and long separation 
 from good associations his heart yearned for 
 the church-going habits of his childhood, and 
 
 ' Both these farailies have thriven, and are now num- 
 bered among the most substantial planters in Newfound- 
 land. 
 
 ■ "'•-**Sft¥3SSE» ■.-.;-■ 
 
 ^^mmmmmmm. 
 
 iWCHMIIIillB 
 
■ ' '•w'. ' wJijf^wir 
 
 1/ 
 
 "« MISSIOKAW AND ms FLOCK. 
 
 y«ars, ,vho could road fn- f '"t. •'"'^^"^''■" '» 
 
 to remember him-1 f ' T'' "' "^ ^"•""^ ^ '"ve 
 -". r^n, Z if: /-^i '->'-™ 
 unchnstiari way for mv I.n . "'^™' "^ ^"'l 
 
 ''hiWren, and VuLlL .T "■"' *''^^'' *''« 
 thee went i„ the boTt " T f ^ ''"^'' ^^ *''«f' 
 ^-took also at his mastort d" '"'■"''' '""^ ""- 
 
 The benefit of thi te! V'" "'"''^ «""%• 
 
 cheerfully exto„.;ed t„ tt"'' "f. '"^^'^"'^ ^^ 
 
 ^^-n this had bel!o:'%;':f''''-'^fomil,. 
 
 author of the arrana-emonrK '^"""""e'l, the 
 and consulted for an Z ^'^""' discontented, 
 hi« neighbour, who irnnTT' "''*' ■'°»»' «»d 
 him in the go;d wor^ " ''' '^ P^"-''^^ 'vith 
 
 The frequent disturbance of the Sunday ser- 
 
 passed threescore and ten y at" L i^' ^"•'^ ^^ ""ad 
 ° Hampshire, and roceired aT' l"*'""' "™ ?«' ««-ns 
 
 '« i^ h i.im. At nine ; /eaCot ' "! '""'"'■' -»""»' 
 her accustomed walk of foufrnTk T ''" '"" """"■'"ed 
 and t e sa.e distance returoi""" '""""^ '" "- ehu^fc, 
 
 T'.e common pr„nunciat,on of., though.. . 
 
GO 
 
 THE MISSIONARY AND HIS FLOCK. 
 
 ! fl 
 
 ■' \ 
 
 |iv 
 
 
 vices in +he house, caused by domestic matters, 
 and the ])resence of fretful infants, (letermincd 
 them to ^et timber from the forests and build a 
 small church. This was effected, and the build- 
 ing was a few years afterwards visited and con- 
 secrated by the Bishop of Nova Scotia, #* 1 the 
 Header was by him duly licensed. Before I left 
 Greenspond this church, grown old and decayed, 
 was taken down, and a new one far larger and 
 better was being erected by the flock, and I be- 
 lieve it is now completed and consecrated. 
 
 The person wdiose endeavours for God's ser- 
 vice and his brethren's good I have been dwell- 
 ing upon, is not unjustly reputed a keen and 
 careful dealer, of perhaps too saving habits.* 
 Being uch, his acts of devotion to God and 
 liberaiitv to man must have cost him the ofreater 
 effort, a)id prove t^c nobler victory over self. 
 I have been privy to many unostentatious acts 
 of charity, which were probably unknow^n to 
 those who noted and condemned his parsimony. 
 Let me bo excused for digressing now and again 
 from this narrative of the history of the Churches, 
 while I adduce one or two instances of his and 
 other such poor men's benevolence. 
 
 An Italian man once visited my mission, seek- 
 ing help under very distressing circumstances. 
 Some persons gave him a rude rebuff, which he 
 
THE MISSIONARY AND HIS FLOCK. 
 
 67 
 
 loam 
 fches, 
 and 
 
 Iseek- 
 Inces. 
 thhe 
 
 1 
 
 may perhaps have deserved, but which they were 
 not justified in offering. My own impression, 
 after careful consideration, was that his tale was 
 true, and he deserving. Be this as it may, the 
 conduct of my aged friend at Swaine's Island 
 claims admiration. T^ stranger came to him 
 and offered credent. \amination. The 
 
 old man could not r ji. No person was 
 
 near with whom he couid consult. He reasoned, 
 therefore, with himself thus : " If I give to this 
 man I may help an impostor. My money was 
 earned by hard work, and he may be a worth- 
 less vagabond. But again, I have no way to 
 prove his tale false, and know nothiiii^ against 
 him but my own suspicion. If 1 give to him 
 and he is false, I do it innocently, and the sin is 
 wholly his. If I send him empty away, I may 
 grieve at the great day for not feeding the 
 hungry nor caring for the strange r. Yet if I 
 give to him, and my neighbours discover it, some 
 will not fail to laugh and say that fools and their 
 money are easily parted. Shall I regard God 
 or man ? He is my Judge, and my reward is 
 sure." This is, as nearly as I can give it, the 
 old man's own account to me of his reasoning on 
 the case. He was about to give four dollars 
 (206.) to the stranger, but considering that the 
 money was for use of a traveller, he substituted 
 
 F 2 
 

 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 A 
 
 
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 I.I 
 
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 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
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 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
s ^ 
 
 w 
 
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 i/.x 
 
 t 
 
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68 
 
 THE MISSIONARY AND HIS FLOCK. 
 
 :, it! 
 
 a sovereign (245.) "because English gold would 
 pass any where." 
 
 A more affecting instance of the same virtue 
 was shown by a poorer and a less instructed 
 man, in a very trying situation. He lived in 
 Cat Harbour, a place which was visited by me 
 and my predecessors seldom oftener than twice a 
 year. Between those visits no man read any 
 prayers, or attempted any public religious obser- 
 vance of the Lord's day. In truth, no one there 
 could read sufficiently well to do so. The man 
 whose conduct I am to relate, had gone through 
 a peculiarly hard struggle for life. His family 
 had been a very la^ge one, of which only two 
 children were sons, and able when they grew up 
 to help him. Many a tale of want and labour 
 cheerfully endured has he told me with no word 
 of repining. In his old age he had attained to 
 comfort and independence, but possessed no store 
 laid by, or as he would express it, he was nothing 
 beforehand. His house lay in the path of all 
 travellers on the shore to and from the north- 
 ward of my mission, and as it was the chief one 
 there, and he was well known as the patriarch 
 of the place, his visitors were many and his 
 hospitality was unfailing. In 1852 his charity 
 was severely tested. About sixty vessels on 
 the sealing voyage, carrying crews averaging 
 
 
^f one 
 
 his 
 larity 
 is on 
 iging 
 
 i) 
 
 THE MISSIONARY AND HIS FLOCK. 
 
 69 
 
 about forty men in each vessel, were wrecked or 
 abandoned on the coast of my mission. Many 
 of these crews came ashore to the northward of 
 his dwelling, and making their way overland 
 towards Greenspond, stayed by the way at any 
 house which would receive them and afford re- 
 freshment. Several troops of men were enter- 
 tained at the old man's house. Still they came, 
 and his wife feared with reason that her house- 
 hold would soon be sorely straitened by pro- 
 viding food for so many strangers. One crew 
 more came in, and she looked despairingly at 
 her husband. The wrecked party assured her 
 they were the last company coming up the shore : 
 but so others also had spoken, and now she 
 doubted them. She appealed to the old man: 
 " Matthew, what be we to do ? " His reply was, 
 "Hang on the kettle, and get the men some 
 bread." The poor old woman went to their 
 little stock, and returned with five pounds' 
 weight of bread in her apron — just half of aU 
 that remained to her house — and gave it to the 
 strangers, little knowing when her family could 
 get a fresh supply. The Arctic drift-ice was on 
 the coast, close set in by the east wind ; it had 
 been so for weeks past, and might remain for 
 any length of time to come, forbidding all 
 
70 
 
 TUB MISSIONARY AND HIS FLOCK. 
 
 communication with other places. Grcenspond 
 and the other settlements near were all equally 
 distressed, having in them more than two thousand 
 strangers, to ho supported out of the small store 
 provided for our own population only. Happily 
 the good old man and his family were not suf- 
 fered to want; relief was sent in time, and he 
 has since gone to his reward. 
 
 Before I loft Greenspond mission, a very good 
 school-house was built in Cat Harbour, at the 
 joint expense of the people and the Government 
 Board of Education. The school was in opera- 
 tion and ^ 11 attended, and the master read 
 divine service publicly in the school-room every 
 Sunday. A happy change this in the circum- 
 stances of the place, and in this, I think, no one 
 felt more real and deep satisfaction than the 
 worthy old man I have named. It had been for 
 long years the desire of his heart to see th^^ 
 work carried out, and his pleasure at its con 
 pletion was something beautiful to observe, though 
 he w^as now so crippled by hard lab;>ar, and 
 enfeebled by age, that he could not even once 
 attend the service. The part performed by the 
 people of Cat Harbour in getting thf ir school- 
 house built, may serve well to show their for- 
 wardness to do according to their power for their 
 
 ■iiViiOiMfriii^*, 
 
 mmm 
 
THE MISSIONARY AND UIS FLOCK. 
 
 71 
 
 for 
 th- 
 
 30D 
 
 mgh 
 and 
 
 )nce 
 the 
 
 »ool- 
 
 ifor- 
 leir 
 
 souls* good, and to illustrate some of the diffi- 
 culties which impede missionary work as well as 
 all other lahour upon a coast like this. 
 
 In October 1855, sixteen men, being one per- 
 son from every household in Cat Harbour, took 
 the two largest boats in the place for a voyage of 
 more than sixty miles to get timber for their 
 proposed school-house. Within a week they cut 
 and conveyed on board the boats more than 130 
 timbers. Then came bad weather, with strong 
 wind against them on their homeward course, 
 and a very heavy sea off Cape Freels, which they 
 must pass. Three times they attempted to get 
 home, and as often had to bear up and wait. 
 At length, after more than three weeks' delay, 
 they had to discharge their cargo of timber and 
 lay up their boats in Greenspond for the winter, 
 thus submitting to twelve months' postponement 
 of the building. The disappointment and diffi- 
 culty did not spoil their temper, or cool their 
 zeal. At the same time the next year, which 
 was their first season of leisure, they again went 
 after the timber, and on this occasion they suc- 
 ceeded in conveying it to its destination. 
 
 In that same season of disasters when the 
 strangers in distress were so ^charitably enter- 
 tained out of the scanty store of that good man 
 
f\ 
 
 72 
 
 THE MISSIONARY AND III8 FLOCK. 
 
 at Cat Harbour', a person at Fair Island as 
 aged as ho, but less infirm, performed a labour of 
 brotherly kindness for the relief of two perishing 
 men which deserves to be recorded. The drift- 
 ice, then close set irt upon the shore by the con- 
 tinual east wind, had upon it great numbers of 
 seals, and men, women, and boys from all the 
 settlements upon the shore went out to take 
 them. One day, when very many people from 
 Greenspond were at this work, the wind veered 
 off the shore, and driving away the ice, made it 
 hardly possible for them to return to land. 
 Several persons remained for great part of the 
 night following upon some rocks in much dis- 
 tress, till some men put off in punts from the 
 shore, and with great difficulty reached them 
 and brought them homo. Two men who had 
 been out since five o'clock the morning previous, 
 altogether failed of getting to any land, and to 
 ward off that fatal lethargy which overtakes per- 
 
 ' His act of charity is not adduced as a solitary instance 
 of this virtue among the flock. Far otherwise is tlio truth, 
 and the troubles of that "spring of the wrecks," as the time 
 is always named, called forth many a bright example of that 
 cousiderntiou for tho poor and needy, which shall be re- 
 membered, I trust, foV the deliverance of my people in their 
 own hour of trial. 
 
 t r. I \^ 
 
 •i 
 
 [ 
 
t •■ I \ 
 
 TIIK MISSIONARY AND II18 FLOCK. 
 
 73 
 
 •• 
 
 sons exposed to extreme cold, they were obliged 
 to continue walking upon the ice throughout the 
 night. They had taken with them in the morn- 
 ing only a little biscuit \ which was eaten early 
 in the day. In the night they strove to stay 
 their craving stomachs by gnawing ice. For 
 thirty-one hours these two men were upon the 
 ice before their deliverer found them. In the day 
 they had been labouring to get seals, in the 
 night they were enduring the terrors of immi- 
 roent death. At the end of this time the old 
 man of whose kindness I am to speak came upon 
 them lying exhausted upon the ice. They were 
 nearer to Fair Island than to Greenspond, so he 
 determined to get them to his own home. 
 Taking one man upon his back, he carried him 
 a short distance, and setting him down, returned 
 for the other. In this way ho continued to carry 
 thorn for four hours, till finding his strength as 
 well as the daylight failing, he sent home a littlo 
 boy who was with him to get help. Happily, 
 some young men had at that time returned to 
 Fair Island from their day's work, and they at 
 once launched a punt into a lake of water formed 
 by the separation of the ice from part of the 
 shore, which reached nearly to the place where 
 
 f 
 
 1 M, 
 
 Sailor's bread. 
 
) 
 
 4 
 
 74 
 
 THE MISSIONAllY AND HIS FLOCK. 
 
 the poor men wcro now lying. They came and 
 carried one of the sufferers on board their punt 
 and then returned for the other, but just as they 
 came' to him his life departed. Fearing to get 
 themselves into danger by longer delay, the 
 young men left his corpse upon the ice. The 
 aged man who had so laboured to save two 
 fellow-men from perishing, seemed afterwards 
 quite unconscious of having done any thing 
 worthy of notice. Doubtless his deed is there- 
 fore more precious in the sight of his Father 
 which seeth in secret \ 
 
 . I 
 
 ' 1^ 
 < ■> 
 
 Sea Appendix C. 
 
 .*« 
 
 
^ Ih 
 
 Hid 
 Lint 
 loy 
 
 bho 
 ^ho 
 wo 
 rds 
 
 ro- 
 ler 
 
 I) 
 
 CHArTEll V. 
 
 MISSIONARY VISITS AND ADVENTURES. 
 
 There wcro a few families in my mission whose 
 position claims peculiar sympathy. They were 
 salmon-fishers, living, by necessity of their occu- 
 pation, each family apart from all neighbours, 
 and secluded more than all others from the 
 Church's ministrations of grace. A salmon- 
 catcher hires or purchases the exclusive right of 
 fishing, at some brook far up the country, from 
 the merchant who first took possession of it. 
 And there he lives alone, in summer catching 
 and pickling salmon, in winter setting and tend- 
 ing traps for foxes, martens, otters, bears, and 
 other animals whose fur is valuable. If he can, 
 he may, and probably does read the Church's 
 prayers with his family on Sunday; but so un- 
 wearied and dull is life in such isolation, that 
 one of these men who did go observe his religious 
 duties told me he once lost count of the days, 
 and was for a long time in uncertainty whether 
 
 '■:*. 
 
f-^k) 
 
 70 
 
 M1881UNAHY VISITS ANU ADVliNTUUlCS. 
 
 Iio woro obsfM'vinpf Smuliiy or luiothor day. Ono 
 fnniily in wlii(*li no oiu^ wmh ablo to road kopt 
 tho wookly day of rosl with pious oxat^tnosn, Imt 
 tlioy laniontod to mo v^y movingly tlu* wiMvri- 
 Hon»(MioH8 (»r a day in whith. thoy would fain bo 
 roli^iously ocoupiod, hut could only oat, drink, 
 and Hloop, and wIhIi it past. I visited thoso 
 tamilirs as ofton as I could, hut, alas, far too 
 seldom for their need: in some summers once, 
 not at all in others, and only on two occiisions 
 in winter. No where wjis my visit more highly 
 vahunl, and perhaps no where was there more 
 nuinifest improviMue^it made by the little oppor- 
 tunity aiVordod. Truly 
 
 " Sonntnoss is «yo Ilonvon's miglit." 
 
 One of these families consisteil only of a man 
 antl his wife, both gettin«^ n^ed, and a younjr 
 man, the woman's son by a former marria|,^e. 
 This couple had married late in life, and had 
 one only child, a daughter : how dear to them in 
 the wilderuess, the parents of an only child in 
 an ordinary station of life cannot judge! They 
 could not read, but she was more to them than 
 learning, more than all other society cjould bo. 
 At eight years old she fell sick and died, I be- 
 lieve without the presence Of a doctor, and no 
 minister was there to pray with her and console 
 
 < 
 
 •y^-.'V"-:'' -'«,.--"«ItM>«*S«6^I*<:' 
 
MTflHTONAnV VffllTH AND AnVRNTirilKR. 
 
 77 
 
 ji«;o. 
 
 1ioy 
 ;han 
 bo. 
 bo- 
 no 
 solo 
 
 tlio boroav(Ml pannitfl. T\m was Homo yoars 
 lH«foro my iirHt vinit to ibom, but tbat Horo f^riof 
 wnH yot vory IVoHb in tbc^ir boartH, ami it was my 
 (jfHco to (MUiHoK? and itiHtruct ib(?m. '^Fbo afllio- 
 iion was rruitful of j^ood. Tbo fatbc^r boc^amo 
 aftor a fovv viHitH from mo a Communicant, ami 
 to tbo lant of my actiuaintanco witb bim big 
 bobaviour MtMunod to bo tbat of a conHiHtont und 
 oarnoHt ('liriwtian. 
 
 At my iirHt vinit to tbo bouw; of anotbor 
 Habnon-fiHbor, 1 formod a(;quaintanoo witli a 
 vonorablo man wbom I Hball ovor lovo to ro- 
 mombor. llo was an Kn^iiHlnnan, fatlior of tbo 
 finborman, and wuh nearly oi^bty yoars obi, but 
 still vory activo. lliH wifo, tbougb Hovoral yoars 
 youngor, was muoli moro fooblo. Wbon I know 
 tbom woll, tbo mutual aflbotion of tbo agod couplo, 
 and tbo rovoronoo and lovo wbiob tbo wbolo 
 family sbowod towards tbom, was Homotbing 
 boautiful to moo. After a r(5H|>o(!tfid ^^rcoting at 
 my ontrantto on tluH iivat visit, tbo old man 
 quiotly regarded mo awbilo, and tlion oxclainKul, 
 " Tbank God, I soo a Minister in my bouse oneo 
 moro. It is twelve yoars sineo I saw one bcro." 
 Wo talked togotbor, and bo soon asked mo 
 wbcthor I was in Priests' Orders, and could give 
 bim the Lord's Supper. I replied in tbo affirma- 
 tive to botb questions, and again he thanked 
 
I 
 
 7H 
 
 MINHt«>NAUY VIHITH ANI» AnVKNTtlllMH. 
 
 Ciutl. *' For," Nni«l lio, *M\voIvo yiMirn nm» rurmm 
 — wiw bon«, inul I wImImmI iIkui lo nMu^vo It, 
 1)U( 1)0 wuN a (loii(M)ii and (mmiM not ii'ivo it. 
 Twrlvo vnu'H Tvo wintiMl, Hir. hut I Himll rr- 
 roivo it now." I iiuiuinxl, willi HurpriMo, liow 
 !)(« with no iiiHtructor liiul loiinil ti> (toNin> it; 
 initl ho ropliod, *M'vo ii ^ood inHtniotor horo, 
 nir," nhinvin^ nio ii, hn^'' Coinnmn I'niyor liojik 
 |)u)))ishiMl hy ihoSooioly lor Proinotin^' ChriHliini 
 KnowhMi^<>. I lomul lluit it wiin hin hiihit twory 
 day to nMin^ (or an hour or lon^;(M* to \\\h IumI- 
 roout witli Itis itil)h^ and Prayor Hook, and not 
 niori»ly t(» hmuI Itut, to roally ntndy thorn. And 
 tho Church'M oxiiortatiotiH in tho ( oninnniion 
 OiHoo had hoon, undtM* (Jod'H dinM'tion, ii huIH- 
 oiont ^"iiido to tho (U>sin» and lhi» pn^paration tor 
 tht» lionl's tahh»". \U\ soiMnod to ro^ard tli(^ 
 Saoraniont truly as a holp and nioanH to holy 
 livini>-; nt»t as a nioro lij^nrativo roproHiMitation, 
 nor yot a cloak tor nnrop«Mitod sin. Ho had, as 
 ini^ht ho oxpootod, takon oaro to instruct his 
 wito, and sho too was proparod to roooivo hor 
 lirst Connnunion, and did 8o with him tho noxt 
 
 ' This stniok im> na a prnotioal (Miroroomoni of HinlH)!) 
 AVil»t>t»'« ndmonition to tl»o onrct\»l and disliuot ivadiniif 
 of thoso oxhortationa by tho olorgy miniwtorinj? in Cluiroh. 
 800 lu8 " Short and IMaiu lntroduo(ioi» to tho Ijord'a Nup- 
 l>cr." ^Jolo in loo. 
 
 •'<'yiv>:X'!^'r'',^mm!;!tf!f''''^'r9i^'.mm0mrx*>^vaafi7 
 
MIHHIONAUY VIHITH ANI» ADVKN'I IIIIKH. 
 
 71) 
 
 Ay 
 
 (liiy. I viHitiMl tlioHt^ )MMi|>lo iiiiiiiy i'lnnn ni'U^r- 
 wiiimIh, iiikI iiMiiiilly roiitid ilio nU\ tiiiiti prnjHimd 
 with Homo (|uoMtiotiH ii^Miri ilin cliiiploi'H \w liiid 
 nMonlly rniil in ITih Hiiilo. Tlioy worn «vrr 
 pniiiliililo (|iioHtiunH, iilV<M'l/ni^ Initli find duty. 1 
 Inid not to coniplnin of him iih of Homn, that ho 
 wiiH cmiouM lihout ihingH of no imjtortiinco to 
 hiH <^tornnl ^ood. 
 
 A Nhort nccount of n. Hummrr piiHHit^n to thiiMO 
 two hiMt niinird HtutiotiH niiuh) in a i)oat in \HC)4y 
 will nftord a vc^ry I'nir notion of iho diflicnltioH 
 which commtudy attend th(^ (dor^ymairH work. 
 I had ^ono to (ho homo of tho t'ormor family 
 with tlio intiMition of n^tnrnin^ thonco to 
 CilroiMiHpond, hnt Honio ])UHinoHH hrou^ht tho 
 Halmon-iiHlior of tho iattor Htation to tho Hamo 
 phuro, and I waH vory ^lad to ^rn with him to 
 his hom(\ upon hiH promiHing to carry mo to 
 (Sroonnpond al'torwardH. ThciHO two ntntionH 
 w(»n? far Ho])arato, hnt J hop<Ml to ^o from one 
 to tho otIuM* in a day. Thoro waH, howovor, a 
 IVohIi and incroaHin^ liroozo tuMirly ah(!ad, and 
 aftor a. day'n hiMitin^ a;^ainHt it wo wcro y(it 
 fur from our deHtimd/nm. Foaritij( moro wind, 
 and not liking to ovorstrain tho hoat, which 
 was v(n*y old and h^iky, tho fiHliorman pro- 
 ])oHod to mo to run into a Htnall hay noar uh, 
 and como to anchor for tho ni^ht. Wo did ho, 
 
\. 
 
 r^^'■i 
 
 p 
 
 80 
 
 \ 
 
 MISSIONART VISITS AND ADVENTURES. 
 
 and as we were lowering sail heard a gun, and 
 looking about saw a punt with two persons 
 rowing away from us round a point of land. It 
 was a pleasing surprise to find some one near us 
 where we knew of no neighbour, and we at once 
 determined to seek out these people on the shore, 
 and get better quarters for the night than our 
 boat pfRorded. With a little trouble we found 
 the party, consisting of a man and his wife and 
 little boy from Fair Islands, who had come up 
 the bay looking for birds, seals, or any thing else 
 that could be shot, lish being then scarce on the 
 outside. Their onjy shelter for night was a 
 shed, such as is called a back-tilt, made of a 
 punt's sail strained along the ground on one 
 side, and supported at an angle of about forty- 
 five degrees from the ground by stakes. The 
 ends are walled in with boughs, and the whole 
 front is open; whence its name, being a back 
 shelter only. In front of the tilt there was a 
 fire burning, with a kettle hung over it to boil. 
 We were kindly and gladly welcomed, and I was 
 not sorry to see the boiling kettle and prepara- 
 tions for a meal. The gun we had heard was 
 fired at a seal, which our host got by walking up 
 to his armpits into the water. The inner parts 
 of the seal were cooked for supper, and I was 
 very thankful for a share. I had at that time 
 
MISSIONARY VISITS AND ADVENTURES. 
 
 81 
 
 tasted no unsalted meat for about two months. 
 After supper and a brief evening service we 
 made preparations for rest. The man and his 
 two sons who were my own party had to dispose 
 themselves on the earth outside the tilt, and lie 
 subject to be attacked by nippers, musquitos, 
 and other vermin during the night, and to a 
 frost in the morning. Eoom was cheerfully 
 spared for me inside the little tent, which af- 
 forded only just sufficient space for my enter- 
 tainers and myself to lie down. The bed was of 
 boughs, and my pillow was a sealskin filled with 
 biscuit, commonly and rightly named hard bread. 
 I left these kind people, without arousing them, 
 at daybreak, and easily finished the passage to 
 the salmon-brook that day. On the return 
 voyage to Greenspond in the same boat, we were 
 again kept out a night. This time it was for 
 lack of wind, and in a place where we could not 
 anchor. I turned in to lie down in the cuddy of 
 the boat, but the nippers and musquitos were so 
 busy at me that sleep was not possible, and 1 
 soon turned out again, and took charge of the 
 helm for the remainder of the night to keep 
 myself from dropping to sleep in the damp night 
 air. 
 
 Many families leave their usual dwellings in 
 the fall of the year, and remove for the winter 
 
 G 
 
82 
 
 \ 
 
 MiySIONAIiY VISITS AND ADVENTURES. 
 
 into the woods far up the countfy, where they 
 remain till nearly the end of May. Their pur- 
 pose is to fell and square timber, saw board, 
 cleave coopers' staves, make birch hoops for 
 casks, or build boats. Their houses in the 
 woods, named winter tilt§, and required only to 
 serve for one winter's use, arc of very simple 
 construction. A small space is cleared of all 
 wood except two opposite trees, growing at such 
 a distance apart as is a suitable length for the 
 house. A longer * is extended from one to the 
 other of these trees, and seized to them at the 
 proper height for the roof ridge. The four walls 
 are made of the trunks of trees set close together 
 perpendicularly. Slenddij? young trees are used 
 for rafters, and these am covered with fir rinds 
 to form a roof. The flcjor is made of longers, a 
 flat rock forms the hearth, and the chimney is 
 simply a space left unccr^ered in one end of the 
 roof. No window is made or needed, the chimney 
 admitting sufficient light. The chinks between 
 the sticks of which the walls are made are 
 caulked, or as these people say, chintzed, with 
 moss. No labour is spent in dressing any timber 
 in the tilt; even the rind is kept on; only the 
 
 ,r 
 
 V 
 
 ^; 
 
 * Such a stick as would be used for the horizontal rail of 
 a fence. 
 
 B, 
 
 ■ 'i .'. ' ,iii,i.. I, ^aj 
 
 WV;';'*^pf$',;.j;j^^>,yfeipij«) ^ ,,B> )^^ 
 
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 Mu 
 
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 ^^ 
 
 JlMiM 
 
 , rnte!t>i4il[t»8i^niii4'iiiri;ii;'''rrtrj<Tii^ifei»1iii^^ 
 
'SI^ 
 
 \ 
 
 M. 
 
 // 
 
 1 1 
 
 |!' 
 
i 
 
 MISSIONARY VISITS AND ADVENTURES. 
 
 83 
 
 longors of tho floor arc dubbed flat with an adze. 
 One end of the interior is partitioned off by a 
 punt's sails, or some other simple contrivance, 
 and serves the family for bed-chambers. 
 
 Commonly two or three families settle their 
 winter habitations near together for the sake of 
 society, but it is not suitable for many to be in 
 company, because each party of workmen needs 
 a large range of forest to get the timbers they 
 require. The winter settlements therefore are 
 small, numerous, and widely scattered. No roads 
 or paths connect them, but the traveller who 
 would visit them must make his way, sometimes 
 upon the ice by the shore, sometimes through 
 the wild unbroken forest, penetrable only in 
 winter, when musquitos are gone, when the 
 morass is frozen, and the scrubby undergrowth 
 in the woods is buried in deep snow. 
 
 A special equipment is necessary for such a 
 journey. Its chief particulars are strong coarse 
 cloth trousers and a reefer jacket, a fur cap with 
 laps to cover the ears, blanketing cufls in lieu 
 of gloves for the hands, gaiters of the same 
 material, mocassins, which are a kind of leather 
 sock, in lieu of shoes, and Indian raquets or 
 snow shoes, which, by their covering a large sur- 
 face as you tread, enable you to walk on soft 
 deep snow without sinking. Added to this dress 
 
 G 2 
 
 13 
 
p 
 
 \ 
 
 84 MISSIONAIIY VISITS AND ADVENTURRS. 
 
 thoro should bo a soiilskin bn^ bung by slings 
 upon tbo sbouldura, and containing a cbango of 
 clothing and somo food — if tho trnvollcr bo a 
 missionary, sonio books also and wino for tho 
 Holy Communion''; — a rug for lying upon at 
 night; a gun, with powder-flask and shot-bolt, 
 for killing partridges, and sometimes other game ; 
 a spiked stick to try the thickness and strength 
 of ice ; aiul a hatchet slung to the waist to cut 
 wood for firing, if over the traveller should be 
 obliged to bivouac in tho forest for a night. 
 
 In such guise 1 twice made a tour of my people's 
 winter settlements, and it would bo well if the 
 clergyman of such a missiim could do this every 
 winter. My own health so thoroughly broke 
 down that 1 could not contiimo tho practice. 
 Tho journey, with only a day and night's tarry 
 at each station, occupied three weeks, and was 
 attended with great fatigue and hardship. Tho 
 people in their winter quarters have much less 
 ability to lodge a guest than in their more con- 
 venient permanent dwellings; and that I might 
 not deprive women of their proper rest, I habi- 
 tually refused tho bed they offered me, and lay 
 at night upon tho longers by tho fireside. 
 
 A narrative of one of these journeys may bo 
 
 'I 
 
 ' Unless I were alono this bag was carried for me. 
 
 VS',''^-" .^'^f^"W?»RP!*S»?l!(WS?«IWWf^^ ff!'''^'' 
 
mm 
 
 1 1 
 
 MiaSIONAIlY VlfllTS AND AnVKfmiUKS. 85 
 
 intorostin^. It will not bo nocossary to dotail 
 my proceedings at each place of my tarrying. 
 Of course in each I road the services of the 
 (Church, and preached; always addressing these 
 small (M)ngregtttions extempore; and if any com- 
 municants were present, I also celebrated tho 
 Lord's Supper. 
 
 My journey was begun from Grcenspond on 
 the 2nd of February, when tho surface of tho 
 water for many miles off tlio coast was frozen, so 
 that it was possible to walk from island to island, 
 and thence in to the main shore, in almost any 
 part of my mission. Beginning \vith visiting 
 two or tlireo of tho most northern stations on 
 the shore, I proceeded from thonco across tho 
 country inside the coast, to tho winter settlements 
 westward, and thenco returned down tho shore 
 to Groonspond. My first real difficulty was 
 likely to bo fatalto the lives of myself and two 
 young men who were with mo. They had kindly 
 volunteered to accompany mo from Pinchard's 
 Lslnnd to Deadman's I Jay and back again to their 
 starting-place. In Seal Cove, below Cat Har- 
 bour, we all three together broke through some 
 deceitful ice, and had some difficulty in getting 
 out again. My companions were more thoroughly 
 wot than I was. Our outside clothes froze stiff 
 and hard upon us as soon as they were exposed 
 
I 
 
 V 
 
 8(J 
 
 MISSIONARY VISITS AND AnVKNTIIUES. 
 
 to the wind, and my compjinionB' boots Imd wator 
 in ilioni. Tliis niisiidvonturu did not dotor ns 
 from ])roc(Hidin^ to cross DiMidnuurs Hay u])on 
 tho ico, wliioh was thoro firm and ^ood. IlaU- 
 way across tho Hay tho ico proved thinner, and 
 still thiinior, tho further wo went onwards. Tlio 
 youn^ men thought tho fatigue of returning more 
 than wo could hear in our half-frozen condition, 
 and so nothing was before us hut the dangerous 
 attempt to reach the opposite land, over ico 
 which proved weaker, and bent more alarmingly, 
 under our feet at every step '. Wo walked apart 
 to disperse onr weight upon its surface. Soon it 
 became too weak for walking, and we crept upon 
 hands and knees, and to our horror we saw that 
 between us and the shore was open water, with 
 only here and there a loose piece of hard ico 
 afloat in it. A breeze blowing towards us for- 
 bad all hope of our voices being heard ashore, 
 and there was not even a dog about who might 
 perhaps sec us, and barking at us, give warning 
 of our approach. One of my companions, now 
 summoning courage for a bold venture, rose to 
 his feet, and first bidding me expect his return 
 with help, he bounded swiftly and lightly over 
 
 * Salt water ice is not brittle as that of fresh water. It 
 yields very perceptibly to the pressure of any weight with- 
 out breaking. 
 
 V, 
 
 k 'm,^ 
 
•w* 
 
 -':!■• 
 
 K , ■^Hkfi. 
 
 MI8810NAMY VIHITH AND ADVKNTUKICS. 
 
 H7 
 
 7 tl 
 
 •10 
 
 • l! 
 
 tho littlo Hkim of ico till lio ciould IcMip to ono of 
 tho flouting piecoH, and by tliuH jumping from 
 one of tlioHc to anotlu^r, ho gained tlio land. 
 From (mo of tho Iiousoh ho got two piocos of 
 board, and with thom roturnod to fot(!h uh. Ono 
 board ho laid upon tho ico, and upon it ho crept 
 along carrying tho othor. Thus using tho boards 
 by turns ho reached us, and in tho sanu5 mode 
 wo got to land. The people on shore did their 
 utmost to wel(;()me and refresh us, but they were 
 in sad poverty, and had no change of clothes 
 to lend my young men, and no other food than 
 tea and molasses, and broad without butter. 
 We thawed and dried our clothes as we stood in 
 them. The people told us that where we had 
 been walking was open water the day before. 
 After 1 had read the I^Aoning Prayers, and 
 preached with tho few neighbours who had as- 
 sembled in tho house, the poor man and his 
 wife who had received us insisted upon jny ac- 
 cepting their own and only bed for the night. 
 Extreme cold, and the wretchedness of the bed 
 soon, however, obliged me to rise, and I spent the 
 night sitting with them by tho fire. When we 
 departed the next morning tho ice was become 
 firm, and we travelled without difficulty. 
 
 It may be asked, why need a visit to this 
 place be made at such a season of difficulty and 
 
 !/. 
 
88 MIHNIONAUY VtHtTN AND ADVICNTItlllCN. 
 
 (liingrr ? Tho nmmni wan tluit I cotiM tiovor Init 
 t)noo ^1*1. li iHiHNM^o tliitiior by wiiior hi ilio huiii* 
 \\w\\ uiul tluMi I WiiN ohli^tMl (o n]w\u\ ii ni^ht by 
 tlio way ill w luMit at iiiirlu»r oiF Vn\w Vn^An. 
 Tlio l)oi)l WMN DO Hiiiull M to tiilunl uliHoluU^ly no 
 Hlioltor, inul I nlopt on iho )j[iui^;-lioimlH ", wnipt 
 up ill tlio foroHiiil. My dotontioii for ilio ni^lit 
 wiiH nuimMl by laihiro of tho wind. 'J'lio jouriu^ 
 to DiMubniurH Itiiy on foot round ibo Hboro wim 
 BO toilminio, (but witli no boitor lodf(in^ iind 
 rolroHbniont tban couUl bo aiFonbMl iboro it was 
 Hcari'oly U) bo tbougbt of, 08[)orialIy by tbo niiH- 
 ((ionary, wlio bad ivftorwardH many dayH of fatiguo 
 and privation to piiRH boforo lio coidd roacb boino 
 and rost. Ono cbiof iuipodimont to a journoy by 
 bind botwoon Capo FivoIh and DoadiiuurH hay 
 was tbo Hovoral wiiU> brookH tbat niUHt bocrosmMl. 
 'I'boso 1 usually wadinl. Ono of tbo bir^ost of 
 tboso was in tbo way of iiiy visits to Cat Har- 
 bour, and sonu^tiiuos aftor tnlvolling so far, I 
 bavo bad to return witli my purpose (K^foatod, 
 and tbo poor poo])lo doniod a visit wbiob tlioy 
 oxpootod, and w»)uld bavo jj^roatly vahiod. I 
 rtMuonibor boiuj;' onoo sadly disappointod in tbis 
 way, and longing to lot my poor ilock know tbat 
 tboy won> not unoarcd for, I took a oard from my 
 
 '' 
 
 
 '^ A jiiirtial dock covoring i\w iU\\ Uu*k«M'B. 
 
 •«;^aaVKr-":«^t*|«^. 
 
'' 
 
 MltJHlONAUY VISITS AND ADVKNTUHM. 
 
 m 
 
 jMM'kot, mid wroto iipoti It, ii briof noilco of tny 
 (|p|oat«Ml iiihMiipi. Tlu) card whh fixrd to iliu 
 top of a Htako by tlio brook fiido, and wan noon 
 alti^rwardH (dmcrvrd by otiu of tbn ]H)oplo, an [ 
 bopod it iiii^lit bo. Ai'tor tbo wintor viHit to 
 l>(MubnairH liay rolatod abovo, [ wan o))li^(3d to 
 tii'^liu'.t tliat placo, and did not ^n tbiibnr n^airt 
 tor Hix yoarH. It' a miMnionary r<!Hi(bid tiraror to 
 tbotn, fiay at rinrliard'H iHlatid, witb otdy tbo 
 nortbcMMi part of tbo proHnnt ( JrootiHpond MiHHion 
 ill biH euro, tbo joiirnoy or wator paMHii)(o to tbono 
 placi^H would bo in bin ciiho n far Imn trying 
 duty. My purpoHo now, bowovor, \h not toadvo- 
 cato tbo po(Miliar nMpiiroiiKuitH of tbin niiHNion, mo 
 niuob aH in nbow wbat \h tbo naturo and ditHculty 
 ot* nuHHionary work in Hucb placujH ^oncjrally. 
 
 To rrHunio my narrativo. Having roturnod as 
 tar nn Pincbard'H iHJand, wboro niy companions 
 wiU'o to b)avo mO) I found two nion about to travel 
 to Indian Hay, and witb tboni I took my journoy 
 up tbo country, and vinitod bouHOH in Indian 
 Hay, Trinity I Jay, Lockor'8 Iky, and six Hoparato 
 pbiccs in FroHbwator hay. Incacliplaco I found 
 somo man cbocrfully willing to loavo bis work 
 for a (biy or b)n^or, and bo my escort to tbo next 
 sottiomont. Tlicro was mucb of intorosting 
 incident tbrou^diout tbo journey, but I fear to bo 
 too prolix in tbe n^Uition. 
 
 ,1 
 
90 
 
 MI88IONAUY VISITS AND ADVKNTIIUKH. 
 
 At one I101180 I tbiind two t'liTnilii^ft so poorly 
 I)rovid«(l with food, that thoy couhl ott'or iiio oidy 
 the coursoHt (|uality of sailor's hroad, and hoilod 
 toa with molasaos. Of course I accepted it with 
 the feeling and the expression of gratitude, 
 knowing it to he the hest and only food they 
 had. On my return a few days later 1 called 
 again to see these poor people, intending only to 
 speak a few words of kindness, and at once pass 
 on. They pressed me to take refreshment, and 
 quickly spread their table with good bread and 
 butter^ tea and sugar. I accepted the kindness 
 without remark upon the change, but wondered 
 much liow it had been managed. From some of 
 their neighbours afterwards I learnt, that in 
 expectation of my return the ]>oor women had 
 travelled several miles to another house to bor- 
 row or beg better food for me. 
 
 At a house in Freshwater Bay I found an 
 aged man whom I had long been visiting in 
 Greenspond, now become very weak and bed- 
 ridden. As soon as he heard my voice in the 
 house, he said to his wife, "Thank God, Mr. 
 MoretonV como. I hope I shall die before ) ■ 
 goes again." He was eager to see me, and 1 
 went to his bedside and prayed with him. I 
 spoke of the Lead's Supper, of which we had 
 often before ccnvorscl, and he expressed a desire 
 
 
■4»i««k- 
 
 mmmm 
 
 MIHMIONAUY VISFTS AND ADVENTURKS. 
 
 J) I 
 
 for it. "Tn the morning," itid 1, you sliall 
 receive it." I left him Mr the niglit t<> pray and 
 prepare liimself, and at six o'clock the ftext 
 raorning we found that he was ''mo wh(»ro 
 Sacraments are not needed. I roma 'icd tl reo 
 (laVM at this house for the old man's hur' 1. 
 
 From Freshwater IJay I started with a man 
 In' my guide and companion to walk to li'oody 
 Bay. Travelling had now hecomo very dilhcult 
 f.om an unusual cause. Many successive days 
 of mild, or, as it is expressively called, soft we '- 
 thor, had thawed away all the snow upon the 
 harrens and spare-grown woods, and small hr>»okh 
 or rivulets were running in all directions. My 
 guide was a man soon cowed hy difficulty, and 
 this day he was also unwell. Wo journeyed over 
 some thick-wooded mountain-ridges into a large 
 open country, over which wo proceeded a few 
 miles till wo came to a wide open brook. By 
 walking some distance along its bank we found 
 a largo tree uprooted by wind, lying across and 
 bridging th«^ brook. Upon this tree we crept 
 over. Sonio way further on a second brook gave 
 us trouble. The ice upon this was not wholly 
 gone, but was broken from its banks. Wo got 
 over tbi* too with difficulty. A third brook 
 quite op'n was too much for my guide's almost 
 exhausted spirits. I desired him therefore to 
 
 i-' 
 
92 
 
 MISSIONARY VISITS AND ADVENTURES. 
 
 w 
 
 turn back with me, that we might at least get to 
 the woods for shelter. We walked on our 
 return till the night was grown too dark for 
 seeing our way, and then we halted and set about 
 making the best quarters we could for a night's 
 rest. Our back-tilt was made with my bearskin 
 rug strained for its back and roof, and sides 
 were made as usual with boughs. Fronting the 
 open part we made a large fire, and under the 
 shelter we laid a bed of spruce twigs. Two par- 
 tridges which I had shot in the day were cooked 
 for our supper, helped by a little rill of good water 
 which I found clos^ by. Owing to the smallness 
 of its covering our tilt would only receive our 
 heads and shoijlders, while our legs lay outside. 
 In that night the weather changed. First a 
 slight frost skimmed over the little brooks with 
 thin ice, and then a very heavy fall of snow 
 covered the ground to a depth of three feet in 
 the quiet woods, and eighteen inches in the open 
 places where the wind beat and hardened it. 
 The heat of our fire melted the snow as it fell in 
 our neighbourhood, and that which lay upon the 
 tilt leaking in through the houghed ends made 
 us thoroughly wet and uncomfortable. In the 
 morning we found that our halting-place was in 
 a spot which we knew to be about two miles 
 from some houses, but so difficult was the travel- 
 
 ..aa5;!i8g>ui3a Bsg kJuiui 
 
I' 
 
 a 
 
 5 
 
^ :'■ 
 
 ^'^SfWtt^tKWMiHM 
 
 '^"wjfCi^^pw^wwB^yjf 
 
 iMpHpMMMMiniiii 
 
K :' 
 
 MIBHIONAUY V1W1T8 AND ADVBNTUnKP. 
 
 uy 
 
 1 ': 
 > 
 
 lin^ !H)W luHMmio iliiili wn woni tinnrly lonr liotirH 
 ^Titiii^ i)V(M' iliiii nliort (liHtitnco. T\u) hiiow 
 liiivitig coticniilfMl nvory tiling n))oti tJin ^nuiiid, 
 wo (M)iil(l not avoid ilio i'ivul<«lM, mid wlinii wo 
 liit|)])otiod to hU>\) on tlio plaoo undoniPiitli which 
 ono of thoni run, tho inn iit onco hroko in, find 
 wo Mitnk d(M^|> in snow and watnr. 
 
 A Inii^hahlo advotitiiro whi«'h I will horo rolato 
 hololl mo noar tht^ ond of my jonnu^y honiowardN. 
 VVhon I roachod Lookor's Hay «ovoi'a,i yoiin^ mon 
 at thai phu'o woro proparin^; in Mtart for (in'ons- 
 pond and join thoir vohhoIh lor tho ico voya){o, 
 and thi^ projioHod to travol in (rompatiy with na^ 
 tho n(*xt day. In tho morning of our (h)piirtnro 
 thoy dotonninod to huvo timo and toil, hy ihni 
 ^oing a milo or ho to a part of tho Hhoro whoro 
 thoro wan no ioo, and lannoh a punt with Hailn. 
 By thin moann wo hopiMl to a<M',ompliHh f(n;at 
 part of tho dintanco hy wator, and to rost at Fair 
 iHhindH that night. At noon wo had our ))unt 
 undor way, with two HailH Hot, and a fmo (air 
 wind hlowing IVohIi. Tho four oarw woro alno 
 put out to h(dp our hoat ahing. Kut tho cold 
 was oxtrouio, and ico nuido upon tho waU^r ho 
 fast that in fivo hours wo otdy prooi^odcd four 
 milofl. It was then gotting dark, and wo con- 
 sulted how to got sholtor for tho night. Wo 
 woro far from any woo(Jy land, but a high cliff 
 
N, 
 
 M 
 
 MTSSIONAnY VTSITS AND AnVKNTtTUKS. 
 
 was inulor our loo, ntid a rooky slioro bonoaUi 
 the clitt'. Iloro wo (lotonninod to luuil up (»ur 
 punt, luul turn it ovor so aa to forui a slioltor for 
 us iluriui( tho ui^ht. After wo ^ot asboro ouo 
 of o»n' party ronioniborod tluit an IriHlunan liad 
 a tilt about a niilo distant froui us, but bo sup- 
 ])osod I would tiot liko to tako rofu^o tboro, 
 booauso tbo family woro not nunubors of my 
 flook". Of courso I ovorrulod tins objiu'tion, 
 and tbitbor wo wont to ask for a lod^itig. We 
 found tbo tilt a vory snudl ono, and tbo family 
 wbiob ooou|>iod it vory largo. Tboro woro tbo 
 fatbor and inotbor^ tbroo stout adult sons, somo 
 daugbtors, a woman sorvant, and a, num of ro- 
 markablo and vory unpropossossing a])poaranco, 
 wbom tboy callod "Undo Billy." It was not 
 surprising tbat tboso many occupants of a littb^ 
 house looked distrossinl at tbo intrusion of eight 
 men seeking (puirtors. Tboy soon, however, nuide 
 my companions sutticiently wc^lcomo, seating them 
 round the fire and talking freely. Of me tboy 
 took no notice, and no place was loft for mo on 
 tho bench and boxes which woro the only seats. 
 Pressed by necessity, I determined to get a bottler 
 welcome, and tried to force myself upon those 
 people's notice by joining in their conversation. 
 
 I 
 
 rn 
 
 riu\v were lion.^m Catholics. 
 
 #»i^;iww^s^i»»BW i.jill »gii .^^ 
 
•-l!B«S3tSf»?J?S(!r**!^^ 
 
 MieSlONAUY VIHITB AND ADVRNTUHMS. 05 3 
 
 Tills v{)\\\{\ not lon^ rontiinio wiiliout. Honin ro- 
 ninrk on tboir part, mo i\\{> uuvHUyr of ilio liouno 
 lit lon^tli mhUimI iiloud of ono of t\u) (H)ni|uiny, 
 "Who is tlint rniin?" llo whs told, and tluMi 
 lio proFoascMl Ins ])l(MiHurn in rnc.riving nm, and 
 Horrow that ho ronhl (h) so in no ht^ltor styhi. 
 " Littio did \ tliink ovor to havo thc^ honcnir of 
 rocrivin^ a jintliMnan liko yonr rivorcMido in this 
 ])oor phirn. May ]w your rivorotutn woidchi't 
 tako a ])ipo?'' I was not a luil/itiial smokor, 
 but it soouuhI so suro a way to win i\u) nam's 
 hoart tliat 1 at omw said 1 would. 1 had no 
 thought that ono otdy pipo sorviid tho family, 
 or I would havo rofusod tho olfor. Tho man 
 askod his sons, " IJoys, havo yo/. a pipo?" 'JMioy 
 sidlonly answorod, "No." "Undo Hilly, havo 
 yoo'oraono?" " I'vo no pipos," ropliod Unolo 
 Hilly, v(^ry surlily, who socmocl of tho whoh; party 
 least indinod to liko mo. Tho man thcui jfforod 
 mo tho littlo black dudoon which ho was himscdf 
 smoking, and to avoid oftbn(!o J usod it for two 
 or throo minutos with tho host graoo f (touhl; 
 and now I was installed by the Kro with every 
 murk of respect, "^riiis family had been cruelly 
 robbed of tho bcHt articles of their winter's food 
 out of a little storehouse by the shore, and were 
 much straitened by their loss ; but they gave me 
 the best supper they could, and were really kind. 
 
96 MISSIONARY VISITS AND ADVENTUURFI. 
 
 By and by I hoard a whispering about the 
 minister's IkmI, and T protested at oncie against 
 taking one, expressing my determination to lie 
 by the fireside as I had ah'eady done for many 
 nights. This ccvuUl not bo allowed, and llnele 
 Billy's bed was got ready for me. It was a 
 cabin in a very small lean-to by the side of tho 
 house. In proper time I retired to tho bed I 
 had unwillingly accepted, and exhausted with 
 tho day's work soon sank to sleep between tho 
 blankets which seemed to have been in Uncle 
 Billy's use without sheets for many months. 
 Soon I was arousod by some one feeling about 
 tho foot of tho bod, and looking up I recognized 
 by the firelight, which shono into the little 
 chamber, tho head of Uncle Billy, and at once I 
 guessed his purpose. lie turned up tho blankets, 
 and got in at tho foot of tho bed he had plainly 
 grudged to resign to mo, and there he lay with 
 his feet in most unpleasant nearness to my head. 
 As soon as it was sufficiently broad day for me 
 with decency to arise, I did so, and took my 
 departure. I believe tho master of tho house 
 did not know of Uncle Billy's intrusion, and 
 would not have sanctioned it ; but I am sorry to 
 add, to tho discredit of his hospitality, that ho 
 made me pay extravagantly for my night's lodg- 
 ing. Coming tc. me at my house in Greenspond 
 
MISSIONARY VISITS AND ADVRNTUREH. 97 
 
 shortly afterwards, ho horrowod of mc, on pre- 
 text of the rohhery ho had suffered, tho price of 
 a hundredweight of hread and several gallons of 
 molasses, and this he never attempted to repay, 
 though he had hoth opportunity and ahility to 
 do so many times. 
 
 In all my journoyings through my missicm, I 
 ohserved a rule suggested to mo hy a senior 
 hrother missionary, in Newfoundland, at the 
 beginning of my work there : that in each place, 
 oa each separate visit, I resorted for lodging and 
 refreshment to the same house which first re- 
 ceived me. The only exception to this rule 
 would he, either in tho case of my entertainers 
 proving of immoral and incorrigible character; 
 or of their becoming and declaring themselves 
 too poor to afford me any longer the temporary 
 maintenance. The former case, 1 am thankful 
 to say, never happened to me, and tho latter 
 occurred but once. 
 
 It will probably be observed, by many ruaders, 
 that the missionary's possession of a beat is 
 essential to tho proper service of such a mission 
 as I have now described. The expense of this 
 most valuable adjunct is however far beyond 
 his moans. Besides the first cost, there must 
 bo an annual outlay for the hire and maintenance 
 
 II 
 
\ 
 
 98 MISSIONARY VISITS AND ADVENTURES. 
 
 i 
 
 of a man servant, and for renewal and repair of 
 the boat and her gear. 
 
 In concluding my account of the mode of 
 serving my late mission, I may mention a prac- 
 tice which I ever found a means of winning the 
 regard of my people, and which gave me many 
 opportunities of profitable influence. It was the 
 making myself composer and writer of letters for 
 every one who chose to ask that service of me. 
 This office pften takes time that can very ill be 
 spared from other business ; but it is always 
 worthy of ready attention. One person for 
 whom a letter is written tells others, and they 
 seek the same help when they have occasion for 
 it, till at last the clergyman finds that ho has 
 incurred the care of kiBcping up a really largo 
 amount of correspondence. Many of my people 
 had frionds in England, with whom they regu- 
 larly exchanged letters ; and I was always asked 
 to read those they received, and to reply to 
 them. Very little of the contents of a letter 
 will be dictated by the sender. Commonly he 
 says, " O, sir, you know what to say much better 
 than I can tell you." And so a clergyman really 
 does know. He is acquainted with the state 
 of each family ; he knows the changes by sick- 
 ness, death, or loss of property, which have 
 
 
 »SWIJ!«WWS«9»'«»<»'.V 
 
of 
 
 \ 
 
 M 
 
 
 MISSIONARY VISITS AND ADVBNTUUE8. 
 
 99 
 
 affected them; ho understands their hopes and 
 fears for the future nearly as fully as they do, 
 or at least as fully as thoy would care to make 
 them known; and these things ho can express 
 in language more readily and better than thoy 
 can, and he may always use the opportunity 
 to add such reflections as are suitable and in- 
 structive both to the sender and receiver of the 
 letter. 
 
 My little book must soon be closed. I will 
 trespass no *urtlier now upon my reader's at- 
 tention thah to transcribe in conclusion the 
 words of a venerable Bishop \ now gone to his 
 rest, to the accuracy and wisdom of whose re- 
 marks upon the Church's work in Newfoundland, 
 I would humbly add such testimony as my ex- 
 perience in that work may have qualified me to 
 give. 
 
 "There are peculiar circumstances at New- 
 foundland which increase the difficulties of pro- 
 viding for the instruction of the people. Their 
 settlements are greatly scattered ; always diffi- 
 cult of access, and often inaccossible. During 
 the short fishing season every one is wholly 
 engaged in the fishery, on which they depend 
 
 ' See a letter of the late Bishop (Inglis) of Nova Scotia, 
 in the Eeport of the Society for the Propagation of the 
 C >spel, 1827-8. 
 
 H 2 
 
 »-,,.;.-:;-Tf>.Ll-.--'wt»SLW.-Jj- 
 
I 
 
 m 
 
 100 MiSSlONAny VISITS AND ADVENTURES. 
 
 for support ; and in the winter it is a frequent 
 practice to remove to the forest for shelter, fuel, 
 and employment in preparing lumber. These 
 difficulties however may be successfully met by 
 becoming earnestness and zeal. Sometimes it 
 will be desirable for the schoolmasters to move 
 with the people, and tilt (as it is called) in the 
 woods. The clergyman also must bo ready, 
 with a pure missionary spirit, to visit occasion- 
 ally these temporary lodgments in the forest; 
 and during the busiest seasons they will always 
 find the general inclination of the people leaning 
 towards the Church. Pressed as they often are 
 by the hurry of the fishing season, they will 
 always be ready for instruction, even thon, on 
 the Sabbath, which is seldom violated bv Pro- 
 testants here. But a personal intercourse must 
 be kept up, through every difficulty, between 
 the clergy and all the members of their flocks, 
 or their influence will not be such as it ought 
 to be. 
 
 " A missionary without missionary zeal can do 
 nothing here. He will often have formidable 
 difficulties to contend with ; but if he be earnest 
 in the great cause in which he is embarked, he 
 will not be left without much comfort and en- 
 couragement in his arduous course. A large 
 increase of the clergy and schoolmasters is im- 
 
 
MISSIONARY VISITS AND ADVENTURES. lOl 
 
 modiatoly rcciuired, and under right direction, 
 and with a hlessing upon their lahours, their 
 services cannot fail lo bo of the highest value '. 
 The means for defraying the necessary expense, 
 would not long be withheld by those who have 
 power to supply thcni, if they could witness the 
 great spiritual wants, and the worthiness of the 
 objects which require their benevolent regard 
 and assistance." 
 
 Let mo adopt as my own the final words of 
 the good Bishop whom I have been citing:— 
 "I have only to commend the whole work to 
 the great Shepherd of the Christian Fold, and 
 earnestly implore His blessing upon every en- 
 deavour to promote the salvation of His nume- 
 rous flock." 
 
 • I feel certain that the whole of this and the succeeding 
 sentence would be echoed by the present Bishop of New- 
 foundland, ns strictly applicable to the circumstances of his 
 diocese at this moment. 
 
 I < 
 
(I 
 
 APPENDIX A. 
 
 (Page 61.) 
 
 It will interest many readers to know the cost 
 of building and furnishing a substantial and 
 sufficiently handsome wooden church in New- 
 foundland. The following account is a summary 
 of the expense of the new church in Greenspond. 
 
 "Wages of carpenters and labourers 
 Lumber ..... 
 Nails, hinges, locks, and iron-work 
 Paint, oil, putty, tar, and pitch 
 Windows .... 
 
 Bell (2 cwt.), with stock and wheel 
 Altar-cloth .... 
 
 Carpets 
 
 Stoves 
 
 Books, holy table, chancel and font-rails, pulpit, 
 prayer-desk, stove-funnels and fittings 
 
 £ 8. 
 
 d. 
 
 430 17 
 
 7 
 
 254 13 
 
 4 
 
 43 8 
 
 6 
 
 20 14 
 
 9 
 
 44 8 
 
 6 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 9 1 
 
 3 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 14 
 
 
 
 59 19 6 
 
 Newfoundland currency £925 3 5 
 English money £77100 
 
 I 
 
 i''i:'Jt*JiJi:i.-.-.-'*ri!*:'^u,-.;JB'j:*fj|i^^:->iij..:7 
 
\ 
 
 ATPRNDIX n. 
 
 103 
 
 t 
 
 This summary, mado before the accounts were 
 finally closed, may be slightly in error, but is 
 sufficiently correct for the present purpose. The 
 flock contributed in money and money's worth 
 about 750/., and the remaining 175/. was given 
 by the Bishop, the Diocesan Church Society, 
 and other friends. The church will conveniently 
 receive a congregation of 700 persons. 
 
 3 5 
 
 
 APPENDIX B. 
 
 (Page 62.) 
 
 I >H firmly convinced that this musi be an 
 exception to the case of the greater number of 
 the missions in Newfoundland. Few places in 
 that country arc so prosperous as Greenspond 
 long has been, chiefly by reason of its position. 
 No other mission has so large a number of 
 Church members. By my own two years' expe- 
 rience of another mission, and my full knowledge 
 of one held by my late brother for six years, and 
 by the testimony of several of my brother clergy 
 respecting their flocks, it is to me certain that 
 the Church of Newfoundland will ever need the 
 
 ^ 
 « 
 
"•W-A^. -W^ 
 
 mmsm 
 
 \ 
 
 104 
 
 APPENDIX C. 
 
 charitable aid of Churchmen at home. At the 
 same time it may be truly said of most of these 
 people, that they do much, very much, for their 
 Church's maintenance. 
 
 In my last mission, persons who had nc food 
 but potatoes gave money to a fund for building a 
 parsonage, and some who through poverty were 
 drinking their tea without molasses, paid me 
 their year's dues. The contribution was very 
 general, and in large proportion to the means of 
 most of the contributors, yet from a flock of 
 2700 Church members the dues paid did not 
 amount to tO/. currency, or 68/. English, and 
 from that sum 13/. had to be paid to readers. 
 
 
 I I 
 
 «. 
 
 APPENDIX C. 
 
 * 
 
 (Page 74.) 
 
 After that sad " spring of the wrecks," a prayer, 
 which is an adaptation of one in the appointed 
 "Form of Prayers to be Used at Sea," was 
 printed and circulated throughout Greenspond 
 Mission with very happy effect. In hope that 
 
At the 
 f these 
 r their 
 
 ic food 
 tiding a 
 ty were 
 laid me 
 as very 
 leans of 
 dock of 
 did not 
 sh, and 
 ders. 
 
 I prayer, 
 )pointed 
 ;a," was 
 enspond 
 )pe that 
 
 APPENDIX C. 
 
 105 
 
 it may be further useful the prayer is here 
 
 given :- 
 
 " A Prayer for the use of Persons at Sea, 
 
 Daily. 
 
 "O Eternal Lord God, Who alone spreadest 
 out the heavens and rulest the raging of the sea; 
 Who hast compassed the waters with bounds until 
 day and night come to an end; be pleased to 
 receive into Thy almighty and most gracious 
 protection the persons of us Thy servants and 
 the vessel in which we sail. Preserve us from the 
 dangers of the sea, and grant us in peace and 
 quietness to serve Thee our God, and that we 
 may return in safety to enjoy the blessings of the 
 land with the fruits of our labours, and with a 
 thankful remembrance of Thy mercies to praise 
 and glorify Thy holy Name, through Jesus Christ 
 our Lord. Amen. 
 
 " Prevent us, Lord, in all our doings," &c. 
 
 For the families on shore this was altered by 
 changing the person and substituting for "us 
 Thy servants," " all Thy servants engaged in the 
 sealing voyage, especially A. B." 
 
 The sealing voyage, with its peculiar dangers, 
 was a matter of such anxious concern to the 
 whole flock, that few slighted prayer in this 
 
 I 
 
, ** ' " i| 1^ ' ' I 11" *» 
 
 '■■-•r>X'if 
 
 
 106 
 
 APPENDIX C. 
 
 behalf when they were guided to it. Persons 
 who could not read learned it from those who 
 could ; and I remember especially one poor 
 woman, whose life had been worse than careless, 
 teaching her sick child to say this prayer in 
 behalf of his absent father. It is obvious how 
 great a step was thus gained towards forming 
 the habit of prayer. 
 
 THE END. 
 
 GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, PRINTERS, ST. JOHN'S SaUARE, LONDON. 
 
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 Rev. Archdeiuiin I'anl, iind tho Rev. llt^nry Downe M.A. 
 
 Tho Ajax. ;<)«.— Tho PhiloctctcB. ;k.— TJie (!<'<• »;}i..-, 
 I'he (Kdipua Coloncus. 4«. — Tho Antigone. 4«. 
 
 Tyrannus. 4*^ 
 
 Kurii)ide8, with English Notes, from llartuiig, Diibncr, 
 
 Witzichcl, Schiino, fic 
 
 The llec\iba.— Tho Ilinpolytus.— Tho T^accha!.— The Medea.— Tlw 
 Iphigcnin iu Tuuris, Si. each. 
 
 Aristophanes. — Eclogro Aristophanicro, with Englislt Notes, 
 by Professor IMton. Part. 1, (Tho Clouds.) 12mo. 3». (id. Part II. 
 (The Ilirds.) '.is. M. 
 
 *^* In this Edition the (^tjectionuble passages are omitted. 
 
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