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Lorsque ie document est trop grand pour Atre roproduit en un soul clichA, 11 est filmA A partir da I'angie supArieur gauche, do geuche A drolte, et do heut en bas, en prenant la nombre d'images nAcessaire. lies diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 I I rl w A GENUINE ACCOUNT O F NO FA SCO riA: CONTAINING, A Defcription of its Situation, Air, Climate, Soil and its Produce ; alfo Rivers, Bays, Har- bours, and Fifli, with which they abound in very great Plenty, To which is Added, His Majefty's PROPOSALS, as "^an Encourage- ment to thofe who are willing to fettle there. /v^.::vr^<^^''^S2 LO NDO N Printed : And, VUBLlNy Re-printed for Philip Bowes, at the Bible in Church-flreety M dcc l. [ Price Two-pence. ] A GENUINE ACCOUNT O F NOFA SCOTIA, NOVA scot I A is the moft norther- ly, and eafterlyProvince of all the Eng- lijb Range on the Continent, and con- fequently , the nearefl to Europe, It was called Nova Scotia by Sir William Alexander J Secretary of State for Scotland^ un- der King James I. and afterwards created Earl of Siirlingt, By Means of Sir Firdinando Gorge^ Prefident of the New- England or Plymouth Com- pany, he obtained a Royal Grant for this Traft in 1 62 1. When the French got Poffeflion of it, they called it VAccadie, in Allufion to Ar* cadia in the Grecian Peloponnefus \ but with what Propriety I cannot pretend to determine. A very exaft geographical Defcription of a rude uncultivated Country is not to be expei5ted : But the Boundaries of this are not difficult to fettle, as it is on three Sides furroundfed by the River of St. Laurence^ the Gulph of the fame Name, the Gut of Canfo Cape Sable Shore on the Atlantick Ocean, and the Bay of Fund;^, The Divifion from New-England has been fometimes laicl down by the Courfe of St, John\ River, which rifing from the Lady Mountains^ at no great Diftancc from the River ©f St. Lau- A 2 rence^ I J s 4 g -5 i [4] fence, has a long fouth-eafterly Coiirfe into the Bay of Fulidy. But a late Order of Council fixes the Boundary at the River of Holy Crojsy which falls into the Bay more on the South. ^cva Scotia extends betwixt 60 and 66 De- grees Weft Longitude from London, and 41 i and 49 'i Latitude North. Annapolis Royal, at prefent the only Fortrefs in the Country, ftands in Lat. almoft 44 Degrees 40 M. Weft Long, about ^5. The fouth-eaftern Part is a large Peninfula, extending from South-weft toNorth- eaft, and joined to the Main- land by an Ifth- mus a little above the Gut of Canfo. The French, fince the Property of this Coun- try has been vefted in the Englifh, affe(5t to con- fine the Name o^ Acadia to the Peninfula only ; But their own Maps made before the Ceflion of this Province, give it the l^imits we have now afTigned. I will add, that the Words of the Treaty do not contraiflit within narrower Limits than were before allowed to Arcadia. According to this Defcription, Nova Scotia will be found to contain about 420 Miles in Length, and 380 in Breadth ; which is an Ex- tent of Land much larger than that of Old Scotland, or North Britain, As to the Climate, it is not, indeed, fo agrec- ble as in the foutlvern Pars oi France, tho' fitu- ated in the fame Degrees of Latitude, becaule it is fubjed to fevere Colds, and thick Fogs ; but it would certainly grow better and better every Day, in Proportion as the Woods are cut down, and the Country cleared and improved ; and when the Country to the North of it comes to be a little inhabited and cleared, it may, per- haps, become one of the pleafanteft Spots upon the Globe 5 for, according to Charlevoix's Ac- count It ito the ii Bxes which )6 De- 41 i oyal^ at (lands Long. I large ^Jorth- n Ifth- } Coun- to con- a only : jfllon of ve now of the • Limits 1 Scotia Vliles in an Ex- of Old 3 agree- bo* fitu- becaufe : Fogs ; d better ; are cut proved ; it comes ay, par- ts upon /.v's Ac- count count, there is not a Country in the World cf its Extent, where we meet with finer natural Harbours, or which more abundantly produ- ceth all the Conveniences of Life. In Confir- mation of which he fays, that near the Harbour of La Halve, one fingle Grain of Wheat produ- ced 150 pretty Ears of Corn, and each of them fo loaded with Grain, that they were forced to inclofe all the Ears in a Ring of Iron, and fup- port them by a Pole j and that near the fame Place there was a Field of Wheat, where every Grain of the Seed, even thofe that produced the lead, put forth eight Stalks, every one of which had an Ear of at lead half a Foot long. In fhorc» fays he, thare is no where to be feen more beau- tiful Forefts, or Forefts that produce Timber more proper (or the Building of Ships. And be» fides thefe Advantages, which are to be met with on the Surface, there are, 'tis faid, in the Bowels of this Peninfula, feveral Mines of Copper and of Coal ; but as they have great Plenty of Wood for firing, they have no Occafion to fearch or dig for the latter, and 'till the Country is fully inhabited, they can make no Ufe of the former. Then as to that Sort of Provifions, which may be got without any Induftry, no Country in the World abounds more than this. In their Forefts there is an infinite Number of wild Beafts, fuch as Beavers, Elks, Bears, Otters, and Hares ; and of wild Fowl, fuch as Buftards, or wild Turkeys, Partridges, Ducks, Teal, 6fr. and their Rivers fwarm with ail Sorts of Frelh- Water Fifh, particularly Salmon and Trout -, but what is of the greateft Conft-quence, 15 the rich Fifhe- ry upon the Coaft, which abounds with Cod, Makarel, Herrings, Pilchards, Sturgeon, and fe- veral other Sorts ©f Filh, befide great Numbers of '! I I .5 ! f t \ [6] oF Sea-calves and Whales; and thisFifliery might be the more eafily carried on, becaufe the Coaft is full of natural Harbours, many of which are fit for receiving the largeft Veffcls, and might be eafily fortified. Nova Scotia has many Rivers, fome of them now navigated for a long Courfe by the Natives. But for Bays, Harbours, and convenient Creeks, it is inferior to no Country in the known World. The Cape Sable Shore, which lies next to the fifh- ing Banks, is peculiarly happy in this Refpe<^. The Bay of ChebuSlo, and the River that falls into it, bid fair, in the Opinion of fome, to be- come, in time, the principal Voxt oi Nova Sco- tia, and the Seat of its Metropolis. There is, over Land, good Communication by Wheel -car- riage with the Bay of Minas, at prefent the chief Settlement of the French, with the Rivers of Ctf- hiiquid and Pijaquid, and the beft eafterly Parts of the Province. It is true, Annapolis Royal lies upon a fine Bafon, and is more commodious for large inland Vent and Confumption : But the Country round it is bad, and the Tides of the Bay of Fundy render the Navigation difficult. Upon the oppofite, or wefterly Shore of the Bay of Fundy, are the Rivers of Pafamaquady and Holy Crofs, being about 17 Leagues N. W. from the Gut or Entrance of the Bafon of Annapolis, The River of Holy Crofs, or St, Croix, (as the French call it) was the old Boundary laid down htimxi Nova Scotia Government and Sagadobock, formerly the Duke of Tork^s Property, but now annexed to the New England Government of MaJTachu[ei*s Bay, further northward, upon this Shore is the Ri- ver of St, John, 10 Leagacs diftant from the Gut of Annapolis, This is a very ufeful River, of ,.| IS, t7] 6F long Cour(b and has a conf Jerable Tribe of the Abnaqui Indians fettled upon it : But they are at prefent, from the Negleft of the Nova Scotia Government, in the Intereft of the Cana' dan French. There are prodigious Falls of Tides in this River, near its Mouth, of not lefs than 30 Fathom *, not properly Cataradls occa- fioned by a Courfe over Rocks, but the EfFeft of the great Head of Water above, the Channel be- ing here pent up betwixt two fteep Mountains. By this River, and the Help of fome Land-car- riage, there is a Communication with the River of St, Laurence, and a-crofs that with ^uebecky the Metropolis of Canada, More Northerly is Cape Dor^, or Gilt Cape^ about 30 Leagues from Annapolis, Here is plen- ty of mineral Coal for Firing, which muft be efleemed a very great natural Advantage. Some Years ago a Company was fet on Foot in New Englandy in order to work thefe Mines : But tho* that Projeft was foon dropped with Lofs, a better Ufe will, doubtlefs, be made of this Treafure, when Nova Scotia itfelf comes to be inliabited. About the fame Cape are fome flen- der Veins of Copper Ore, fome thin Laminae of Virgin Copper, and a Gold Sulphur Marcalite. Upon the Eafterly Shore, or Gulph of St. Lau- rence, after we are pad the Point, is the Gut of Canfo, and a (hort and fafe PalTage from the Britiflj Settlements to Canada River, and to all the other Pons of Nova Scotia on this Gulph. This Gut is fix Leagues long, and only one League broad : The Navigation of it is very good, as appears from the Journals of Captain Gayton, who paffed it in 1746, on a Cruize to (Sreen Bay. Twenty- [8] Twenty -five Leagues beyond the Gut is T<i- tamaganahoUy a confiderable Dillrid or Settle- ment of the Neva-Scfitiam, and a good Road for Vcffels. Green Bay^ or Bay Verte^ lies 14 Leagues far- ther, and is (hallow Water. This is the Land- ing-place from Canada^ where Didurbance from the French is chiefly to be apprehended, and ought peculiarly to be guarded againd in the Settlement of Nova Scotia, There are only four Miles Land -carriage from this Bay to CbigneSlo River, which runs by the French Town of the fame Name into the oppofite Bay, dividing the ifthmus in the narroweii Part. It is proper here to take Notice, that on the fide of CbigneSlo Bay the Tide flows 1 1 Fathom : But on the Gulph of St, Laurence^ or Green Bay Side, the Swell is not above 4 or 5 Feet. . Farther upwards, before we reach Ifle Bona^ venture and IQe Perce •, where the French^ by tlie Treaty of Utrecht^ have a right to cure and dry Cod-fifh, we come to Miramicbi Port, at the Mouth of a long River of the fame Name, where I do not find any Settlement. There are ibme other fmall Bays betwixt this and that of Cb^leurs (fo called by the French) which runs a ^eat way into the L^nd, and has a fmall Ifland at the Bottom of it, befides feveral others near the Entrance. Then proceeding towards the Ri- ver of St. Laurence, below the South Entrance of that River, lies the Bay of Gajpee, which is a deep and good Harbour. Here the French, con- trary to Treaty, have continued to carry on their Fifliery, and pretend to aflume to themfelves a Right over the Country behind it, which they diftinguifli in their modern Maps by the Name of Gafpefie. This Name they do indeed fome- times is Ta' Settlc- .oad for ucs far- : Land- ce from d, and in the nly four \ of the iing the jper here QbigneSlo on the Side, the Bona' 6, by the and dry t, at the e Name, rhere are i that of ch runs a lall Ifland thers near ds the Ri- Entrance which is a •ench^ con- •y on their hemfelvcs rhifih they the Name leed fome- times [9] times extend fo far, as to take off the greateft Part of Nova Scotia^ and leave us little, if any thing, more under the Title of Accadie, than the Feninfula before-mentioned. Such a Paper En- croachment, if not well-attended to, may, m time, be conflrued into a fort of Claim by Prefcription : But as this Province is now thought worthy the Regard of the Adminiftration *, it is to be ho- ped the true and ancient Limits of it will be pro- perly alTerted : For tho' we may not fuddenly fettle more of it than the Peninfula, yet an In- dulgence CO our Rivals, in the other Parts, will be a great Check to the Induilry of our new Colonians. Nova Scotia is at prefent divided into ten or twelve Diftridts. Eich Diftridl annually chufes one Deputy to be approved by the Commander and Council at Annapolis : He is a fort of A- gent for his Countrymen, the French^ in that Diftridt, and reports the State of it from Time to Time \ but in what Manner we need not be at a Lofs to determine. There is, in FatSb, no CivilTower, cither legidative or executive. The French Miflfionaries, who are not only appointed by the Bifliop of Quebeck^ but abfolutely under his Direction in their fcveral Diftridks and Vil- lages, a£fc as the fole Magiftrates or Juftices of the Peace : But all Complaints may, if the Parties think proper, be brought before the Commander in Chief and Council at Annapolis : A Liberty, which, if we confider the State of thefe People, end their Prejudices to the Englifit we may be certain is not often made Ufe of. Sable Idand, as it lies within the Latitude of the Cape Sable Shore, muO: be deemed within B the * See the Propofalfof eftahlifljing a Civil Government thcre^ emdfor the better peopling and fettling the /aid Privincet in the Lond. Mag. for Majrch 1 749. i^- [ 10 1 . the Jurifdidtion of the Province di Nova Scotia, It is 35 Leagues S. E. from Canfo to the Middle of this Ifland, which lies low, with fmall rifing Elevations of Sand, called Downs. The Form of it is like an Arm bent, the hollow Part to- wards the N. E. The Bite to the Northwards is about 20 Miles in Length, and narrow. By reafon of Shoals of Sand, fmall Tides of only five or 6 Feet, and a great Surf, it is inaccefli- ble, except in this Bitt, where Boats may land. It has been fatal to Ships, and formerly fome People of Humanity put Cattle a-(hore to breed on it, for the Relief of thofe, who might have the Misfortune to be there call away. Thefe Cattle, by multiplying a-pace, fully anfwered, for fome Time, that Benevolent and Chriftian Purpofe : But at laft, fome wicked People from the New England Continent, guided by the mofl: brutal Motives, fitted out an Expedition againft the poor Animals, and deftroy'd the whole Race of them, for the Lucre of their Hides and Tallow. There are on this Ifland abundance of Foxes and Seals, and fome Pieces of Handing Water. The Snows fall heavily here in the Winter, but lie not long on the Ground. 7o this Account we fhall add the following Pajfage from the Old England Journalift, who^ after ap- f lauding the Scheme, now going to be executed, of fettling Nova Scotia, and erecting a Civil Go- vernment there ', fhewing the ttrrilleConfe^uences of a Military Government, and feverely con- demning the iniquitous Practices offucb as would wake a Private Jobb of every laudable Under' taking for the Publick Good ; goes on thus : WE are not to forget, that thefe new Ad- venturers will be altogether free from the Difficulties, i I Scotia. Middle 1 riHng c Form 'art to- thwards w. By )f only laccefli- ts may Drmerly (here to might Thefe ifwered, ^hriilian le from hemoft againfl: ole Race Tallow. if Foxes ; Water, ter, but Pajfage after ap- cuted, of ivil Go- ^fequences ^ely con- as would p Under' thus : new M- rom the Bcultiesy Difficulties, which ufualiy attend others in the like Circumftances. They are not going in fearch of an unknown Country to fettle in : No hew Seas to explore, or untrodden Climates to rifle the'r Healths in : No inhabitants to fight with and drive away ; and very little, if any, In- certainty to encounter with. On the contrary, they fet out for a Country long (ince difcovered, well known,'and familiar to many among us, within the moderate Diftance of fix Weeks fail from London ; in a great meafure fettled and peopled already with Europeans^ to the Number of 7 or 8000, and confeqnently improved in feme Pro- portion : A wholfome Climate, well agreeing with a Britifh Conftitution •, abounding with all Neceflaries of Life, the Seas and Rivers with Stores of excellent Fifh, and the Woods with Plenty of winged Creatures and Quadrupedes fit for the Table : The Soil very capable of Im- provement, infomuch, that the Hufcandman and the Fifherman may well vie with one another for Succefs in their refpeftive Vocations, and fet their Induftry in Competition, to attain a grate- ful Retreat for the Decline of Life. 'Tis true, the prefent Nova-Scotians (except the Garifon of Annapolis, and a few Miles about that Town) are Defcendants of thofe French In- habitants, who became fubjeifl to the Britijh Crown, when that Country was ceded to us by the Peace of Utrecht. This, with their being profefs'd Roman Caiholicks, inclines them of Courfe to the Intereft of France, which they have adhered to from the Beginning, andaflifted in all Enterprizes upon thatCountry. They joined in their late Deftrudlion of Canfo, and likewife in an unfuccefsful Siege of Annapolis. They corref- ponded with the Gallo- Bretons at Lmjhourg, and B 2 cranfported % I ii I j 4 J' ^ % [ 12 ] trinfported their Cattle to them, which rendered Provifidns very dear at Annapolis and Canjo. As they are naturally attached to our Enemies, they will of Courfc efpoufe their Caufe, and take every Opportunity to join them, and fupport their Intereft. This is the only Inconvenience, that, in all Appearance, will afFcft our own Peo- ple ; and is really fo great as to require the In- terpofition and Wifdom of the Lcgiflature to re- medy. The uncharitablenefs of their Religion, and the Craftinefs of their Priefts, will, I doubt, render a Coalition impradticable ; more efpcci- ally, as Cape Breton i^ fo near, which, while it continues French^ will always encourage them to keep up a Spirit of Oppofition and Diflike. To difpoflefs them would not, perhaps, be fo unjuft as unpolitick -, for thofe who forfeit their Allegiance, forfeit the Proteftion of the Govern- ment they are under; and W they a£t as Enemies, they ought to be treated as fuch : But the Mif- chief of difpoffelTing them, is, that it would be an unpopular Tranfaftion, and againft the Faith of Treaties, and muft inevitably embroil us with France, who undoubtedly have a Right to fuccour them, in Virtue of the Treaty oWtrecht, But that is not all ; for as the Country wants In- habitants, the Lofs of fo many would become in a manner irreparable, as a Country is reckon'd wealthy in Proportion to the Number of the the People. This is a very nice Affair, and requires delibe- rate Attention. Varieties of Religions are pro- du(Slive of various Evils, Diflike, Murmur, En- mity and Malice •, and yet we find the Penjylva- nians live in great Amity together, notwithftand- ing their various Ways of Worfhip, and the Pro- feflions of all the Religions in Europe among them. t '3] them. Thefe People entertain a laudable and re- ligious Charity towards one another, and confi- der, that tho* they fFer in Form, they are all in Motion towards .He fame Point •, and who worfhips in Sincerity in any Way whatfoever, is cfteemed a good Man and honeO: Neighbour. If it were prafticable to bring over the Gallo-Sco- tians into a Senfibility of univerfal Charity in Religion, like the wife People of Penfylvania^ and to entertain a good Opinion of Britijh Go- vernment, Nova Scotia would become altogether as happy. But how to effed it, is the great Point to be confidered. I own I defpair of Succefs, as well from the Tenets of their Religion, and their natural Propenfion to France^ as from the Vicini- ty of the French Garifon at Cape Breton^ which will always countenance and fupport their Sepa- ration : But however if they continue untrafta- ble and carry on an illicit Commerce and Corref- pondence with their Countrymen, fo as to difturb or prejudice the Peace and Welfare of the Co- lony, I fee no Reafon why they fliould not be put under the Reftraint of fuch Laws, as may reduce them into proper Obedience, and the Condition of Hewers of Wood and "Drawers of Water ^ under the natural Subjeds of the Mother- Country. As, from the Civil Government which is to be cftabliflied, I have a high Opinion of the Under- taking in Agitation, I (hall appropriate a compe- tent Number of my Eyes * to watch over and guard it againft Jobbers of all Kinds \ and as long as old Argus writes, it (hall never want a Friend to deteft and expofe their Praftices, PRO- 7he Writer of this Journal //7^j himftlf hx^% CentocuK. (f\ I I [ 14 ] PROPOSALS. Wbitebalit March 7, 1748-9. APropofal having been prefented unto His Majcfty, for the eftablifhing a Civil Go- vernment in the Province oi Nova Scotia in North jimerica, as alfo for the better peopling and fet- tl^.ng the faid Province, and extending and im- proving the Fifliery thereof, by granting Lands within the fame, and giving other Encourage-* ments to fuch of the Officers and private Men lately difmifled his Majefty's Land and Sea-fer- vice, as (hall be willing to fettle in the faid Pro- vince *, and his Majefty having (ignified his Royal Approbation of the Purport of the faid Propo- fals, the Right Hon. the Lords Commiflioners for Trade and Plantations, do, by his Majefty's Command, give Notice, That proper Encou- ragement will be given to fuch of the Officers and private Men, lately difmifTed his Maje(ly*s Land and Sea-fervice, as are willing to accept of Grants of Land, and to fettle with or without Fa^ milies, in the Province of Nova Scotia, That 50 Acres of Land will be granted in Fee Simple, to every private Soldier or Seaman, free from the Payment of any Quit-rents or Taxes, for the Term of ten Years ; at the Expiration whereof, no Perfon to pay more than i i.per^ft' num for every f o Acres fo granted. That a Grant of 10 Acres, over and above the faid f ©Acres, will be made to each private Soldier or Seaman having a Family, for every Perfon, including Women and Children, of which hisFa- mily fhall confifl \ and further Grants made to them, on the like Conditions, as their Families fhall increafe, or in Proportion to their Abilities to cultivate the fame. That a [ 15 1 That 80 Acres, on like Conditions, will be granted to every Officer, under the Rank of En- fign in the Land-fervice, and that of Lieutenant in the Sea-fervice, and to fuch as have Families 1 5 Acres over and above the faid 80 Acres, for every Perfon of which their Families fliall confift. That 200 Acres on like Conditions, will be granted to every Enfign, 300 to every Lieutenant, 400 to every Captain, and 600 to every Officer a- bove the Rank of Captain in the Land-fervice ; as alfo the like Quantity of 400 Acres and on the like Conditions, to every Lieutenant in the Sea-fer- vice, and 600 Acres to every Captain 5 and to fuch of the above-mentioned Officers as have Fa- milies, a further Grant of 30 Acres will be made, over and above their refpeftive Quotas, for every Perfon of which their Families fliall confift, That the Lands will be parcelled out to the Settlers, as foon as poffible, after their Arrival, and a Civil Government eftablifiied ; whereby they will enjoy all the Liberties, Privileges and Immunities, enjoyed by his Majefty's Subjeds in any other of the Colonies and Plantations in Ame^ rica, under his Majefty's Government ; and pro- per Meafures will alfo be taken for their Security and Proreftion. That all fuch as are willing to accept of the above Propofals, fliall, with their Families be fub- fifted during their Paflage, as alfo for the Space of 1 2 Months after their Arrival. That they fliall be furniflied with Arms and Ammunition, as far as will be judged neceflary for their Defence, with a proper Quantity of Ma- terials and Utenfils for Hufljandry, clearing and cultivating their Lands, creeling Habitations, carrying on the Fifliery, and fuch other Purpofes as ihall be neceflary for their Support. That ri6] That all fuch Perfons as are defirous of enga- ging in the above Settlement do tranfmit, by Letter, or perfonally give in their Names, figni- fying in what Regiment or Company, or on Board what Ship, they lad ferved ; and if they have Families, what Number of Perfons belong- ing to fuch Families they intend to carry with them, diftinguiftiing the Age and Quality of each Perfon, to any of the following Officers ap- pointed to receive and enter the fame in Books open for that Purpofe, Viz. JobnPownall, Efq; Solicitor and Clerk of the Reports to the Lords Commiflioners for Trade and Plantations, at their Office at WbitebalL John Ruffely Efqi Commiflioner of his Ma- jefty's Navy at Portfinoutb, Pbilip Vanhurgby Efq; Commiflioncr of his Majefty's Navy at Plymouth, That, for the Benefit of the Settlement, the fame Conditions which are propofed to private Soldiers and Seamen, ihall likewife be granted to Carpenters, Shipwrights, Smiths, Mafons, Joyners, Brickmakers, Bricklayers, and all other Artificers, neceffary in Building or Hufbandry, not being private Soldiers or Seamen. That the fame Conditions, as are propofed to thofe who have ferved in the Capacity ef En- fign, fhall extend to all Surgeons, whether they have been in his Majefty's Service or not, upon their producing proper Certificates of their being duly qualified. FINIS, lit :nga- t, by figni- )r on they long- wich ty of rs ap- Sooks of the ;rs for [ice at s Ma- of hi3 nt, the private granted ^afons, ill other bandry, ofed to ©f En- ler they t, upon fir bcin^