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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 5 6 ^ X* i THE OBY o¥ THE 4 .^' f -^ -^ AMEHICAN IN SCBIFTUMS SITUB. l^E DBCLA]IATI(»r OF INDKPENPENCJJ, ' .r*';^/' V . t; 'uiii^% : : i ^AMSBlOAr ' . ■ . - , 1];4^£;iiESTlNq rARiiWELL ADDRES9 ' JfJREDERICK COUNTY^ Md. \ «»' , it' Printed And PubUshed by MATTHIAS fi ARTGIS^ ^T rLlASANV DALB »Ar£ft MILL. 1833. f*. H i I I i. • •' • ' ■ Alt ..tiaTj...>.a»yJ--* PHILIP MOORE, Clerk ff ikg JKitria qf MrylatuU < '*ii. ' as. Bitun the twen- «^yf9Ui year of ^trkt, IhIIi c right wh^ffof ;, to wit : , Scriptore Style. ipcnd^Qce, th« ic», and ,the in- ingtoii. ofthtUsitcd cnt of U^rniiig, \d Booki to the urisg the tfinee entitled, <«An \u Act lor the popiee <^ Mapf, prictoft of aizch and e&tcDding eogpremgy and OORE» t qf Marfiand. Somithing calculated to kiep alive llu spirit of *7b ana '76, iiohieh ocfuatcd iht defm' dtrs of our country in that critical peH« oa which *Hrkdmcn*$ •oiUt.'', . T^TKE PfTBLIC. THiiS yolcime will be found on an at Ml tobe mbted witti an equal degratt 4|f \ Hfht. In its st^^there is 9ome4p|i§ io singular and orig;inal, and at tbe saqa^miie so ^trf different from the common form of Wfltuig that it cannot fidl to please, A ja one of the nioat uleful Books which preceptors could i!ieontmei|d to their pupils^ beeause,th|f w:li| thereby be enabled to learn what their Ibrefiiihers did ler^eni, whilst It instils into their youthful minds so manjL instances of unshaken fidelity^-so many proofs of pure^unadulterated virtue, by which our Jmiis* KtmkMficu. 4raa secured. The subject matter is a aufficient recommendation, Without the mcessity of particularly pohiting out its Merits wnA beaiities.-<-It was written shortljr i^er the glorious Ajnerican^ contest with Great Britahi, when the pleasing recollection of all the incidents^ appertain- ing .to that great event^ were still fresh on the mind 'of its venerable and patriotic author ; every transaction is detailed in harmonious order^ and in a simplicity of style, that renders it perfectly familiar to every capa- city. It is presumed every genuioe American will be de- sirous of perpetuating the remembrance 5f those trans- actions which led to the establishment of the Uberty of his Cowitry^ % ?* IV iHTBOBUOTIOir. f l . Being wrHlm in Ch« mMner of «nc^/ H*tory^ fiictt «lone arc ipticedi dheated of cYoiy thing of a a^ult- tiTo niiture««««Thi8 randerrit both ImiMrUal' and intel- ligiblei and enables the auHiori to give an ample de- lineation of the nidit ttt^te etinti Iti Mt^fwf conciae ^mf llifif 5^(s "^^^6 cdfm^nMutn of Jimerkmn Hhtftry rlireta i ^^iq^lete ^tafloh 6^^^^ the imp«^< tranaaetiona whWi j||tMfd the ifiWttrfcw Wlir^ oalquhited to gratify evcif *|||aSp 6/ i^adera.-^ ^ To the hoary headed Veteran, It will plhote a moma chaat and pleaaing reaaambrance thf> ?atehtfl| who^ }n the sacivd cause of vivtuo^ fhselbnii HfidtiHid a part of the toils which rendered thii history in t^te^ fstingi 80 glorious to America.'— E?«n the weO rtad historian cannot faily to be pleased with the simpHAtft the elegaaoe^ and energy of the language In wblich this work is couched* To the rising generation* H la a aubjeet well calculated to'proiholo thtir improt€« anent* and to .inspire them with a loyie of dear bought JUbcriiff without the unsuilied possession of whkh that inteUectual animal) Man» is a mere cypher. To this' history are added) the Iteckration oflnde- pandencc) the Constitution of thd United Statea^ and tha Farewell Address of the Father of his Country^ Oen« Gborgk WASHiiiGT of Button i» shut n^-^-^gis ^•^ . CttAPi m. DV. Phmkrin^ pmmits ther Petf- lien of Cun;;re»!i^ta the PUrliaoieut of Great Bri- tain.— jia^ S*. Chap.. IT., wneral Gage sends a party to»- destroy tlie MiUtary Storoii at ConconJ. Thtt icst c5Mftiiienoeinent of Hostiiilie» at Lexington*. Cinf^* T. Fredl^troopsarriVe'from' Great Bri-^ iaiib The batde on Bunker's Mlll.^ — fagei\. CiiAT* yi«n Gieneral G)ige returns to England;; sttooeeded hf Gr^snerar libwei The Aoiericana* ftt out Privateers^ The burntog oiT Faimoutk . by the Bl'itijih.'ii^'jMi^e in. Chap; Vlf*. Cblonels Alfen* «^mF Arnold sui^ prise^ Tittooderoga^ Subsequent o^rationa im €anada^--|ia^e 20. CiiAPs yiU. St. Johnf 4afcem CbK Allen eaptur'- ed Hud sent toEnglaiid^ Monlgomerj^ slain^-^ Jtage24r. Chap^ BL THttsaetibns ih Yirgiiila' dltrihicr the Adnunistraiion of Earl BiUHnoro,f7^page 28%c Cha^ X The embarrassnients of^eKjng^ Troops in Boston — ^They e¥aenate th#iown^ aadT. ssjBOfA to Halifax io Nova Scotia.--jB0^9i«» »r*. <^ i ,1 li It CoxTBimk Ch4P^ XL Frefli (roopt are sent hy Coogrest to Canada-^ larji^e force arrives frem Gireat Bri- lain — ^The war in lliat prayiooe aitUmet a new CaAFk XIL 'File Canadiaiui oemplain of t\m. eonduct of tlie army^^Tiie naval eiiga|;eiBent om |«aJu» qtli^inplaiQ^r-Fa^e 39* , CHAffw XIIL TheParttameiit of Great BritaNft hire soldiert flpeni German j, for the purpose of gubju^ting the €eioiile8~.Uo8iiicoe88ful expedU lion ag;aiast South Carolifun— Co mmodore Parker lirounded.-»jia|^& 4^ Chapw XIV. Sir WHtiam Rewe leaves HalU faxy a!id is soon followed by his brother^ admi^ pal lord Howe, with a land force— Jndepeadeooe 1a declared— The battle of LjMigrIslaod.^]M^e47» Chap. XY. The eomoiissioaers declare their 110 wer for settling the disputes subsisting hetweea Great lirllain ami the Coloiiies.-^9g!e bft^ Chaf. XVI. The 4merieaii efllcers conelude to evacuate New-York— The batt)p at the Wtiitei. l^Jajns-wFort Washiagtoa tal^iu— page 56« . Chav^ XVlff. Fort Lee evatiiated bjrrilie Ame* rieans — ^Tlie Militia desert in great number »*« General Washii^loii retreats through ibe Jjqc- sejs.— 4ia|l«^0l« Chap. XVf II. Genera! Howe sends fbrth a^ ProelamaHen-— many take the beneftt thereof^, and make Iheir peaee^'-^rngt 6^4* Chap. .XIX- The Amerieaii army retreat over the Delaware-^€toneral Lee captured— The Hes« siansukeii at TrentOQ— The bi^ttle efSaD^^ial^ Brldge^^-fM^ 69^ CwfTsifn^ ▼n CaiF. XX. The £lxp«ditioii at Frinc^toQ— Tiie Atnerieant re«of er ($r«at part of ibe Jer« CuAP. XXI. The British army retreat te BruasMriek— ^kiroufthei with ft.nall partiet.** 9age7^ CHAPb XXII. Gorernor Tryoa'^ft ExpedltliNi la Datthury-cti^Uestroya the Aiaericaa etoret-^Hift party attaolied t>y Araold» Woesler and SilU^ aiaa— General Wooftter:gia&n%--i4m^ r6« Cn^iP. XXIIL Maace^frea ef General Howe- fbustrated^The Britbh army ^o on board their •hips -^ They land at the Head of EIIl. -« fage79. CiiAP. XXiy. Battlie of Qrandywine sear Chadd'a Fdrd-^Sueoessful oa the part of the Britiih.--pa|r« 8J« Chap. XXV^ General Howf» marcfae» fhto Philadelphia^^ The Battle of Q^ermantowa — The Delaware FVigate oaptured.— ^ge 86. Ghapw XXVI. Gperations a.^Ain8t Port Miffl tinmen Mad«Island — and Red-Qanlc^The former fiaally efaeualed h^ the Anierieanfl.'--paj|f« 9i. CsAPw XXVII. Fort OQ Red-BaniL— The U^ siana under Caant Donop are defeated^'-^FuMlj eYBOuated oa the approach of Lord Coi*awiUlia with a large foree--»Couiit Donop die^ of hia woundi.-— ^nilpe 9^. ^ . ClAAF. XXVIII. The HeMions retreat throogh tfie Jerseya & plunder the Inhabttants^r-fia^ 97.. Craf4 XXH^* The British and Ameri<)aa Ar«^ aftie» ^ into winter quftrters—SiivGttjCarltoa U ftOjs^edjMi by GeaeiiU Bttrgojao«-Thfi MUitii^ 7 \ !; fni CONTfiVTt. vnder General UerkimeTf fall inU an smBvr. code of ludiami and Toriesy leil b^ 8ii* John Johnson and St. Leger^ who were upon ao ex* jpeditiun against Fori Sckujler.— |ni^« luo* Chaf. XXX. SLliegerattemptf to terrify the Garrison in Fort Schuyler (formerijr StanwiXf)* to iMiiiioeeftsfuI-- Col. Willel and Lieutenant Stoekwel undertake (o g Lieoteiiftnt mp At StIIU detachment with preoi- of Arao\il> « advaneeSf. >reft al Beo* igfor^ and a p eneami^oit '^ and Ihcr smart en-* jvieaof ara- _ a dWertio» |ori Mi»ntgp<^ dTstreflseil iifioii begin*" neate them- terabl^er lott* ^esalFrasueK^ IfniltleM eo- CuAP.XXXV. Sir William Howe prepare! to embark for England | it tuooeeded iu com* mand by Sir Henrj Clinton.-— jiaj^e 123. Chap. XX^VL The Light Infantry land in Itbe ni^t, near Olouoeoter» on tho Jemey thore^ tnd proceed to Haddonfleld. The militia* e^^rm- Namied by Col. Ellis* ha? e notice of their coiftv lng'-4hey narrowly escape.— pa^ i27.. Chap. XXXVII. The news of the artoy nnder |General Burgoyne, arrives in Eitg^and ; In eon^ »eqiienee of whioh» the Freneh Court aokno>rl- )dge the Inilependenee of the Utiited States ; im Dr. Fi*a^.llnf Silas Deane, and Arthur se> Esqrs. are treated with, as Commissioners. ~ Ilforth*! eoaolliatory hill passes both houses »f Parliament i is sent to A^serioa^ and rc^eted fy Codgress.— pa^e 129. Chap. XXX VIII. Tlie Freneh equip a fleet, ir the purpose of bloeking up the EngKsh ia le Delaware. Sir Henry Clhiton, being timely iformed of their intenttons, escapes to New* [ork ; the land-foroes march tbroogh the Jer^ ^ys* Battle of Monpioalh.—pafe 183. Chap. XXXIX. The Frenoh fleet arrlre at |e Delaware* and pursue the British fleets leir design frustrated— disabled by a storm— [ndezrous at Boston. Abtioa on Rhode Is- [CftAp. XL* Major General Grey* with a party the British* surprise and put to death with |eir bayonets* nearly a whole regiment of Ame- ;an dragoons* commanded by Col. Baylor^ at Id Tapaan — page IM. |Chap. XLI, The British foroes are soeeeaa* I* d r fill luid«r General Pi*6TQftf and Colonel Camp- keltf ^md e^ablUh theniseltet in 8avannah«^«*4 * Cbap. XLIL General Wayne^i sueeessfal ex» mAlihn at SUmey F---a great numlMtr of tfcis deseriplioii Mpbodiest and Mt«r an obstinate re^stanee are $feated--Fei|^osoii is slaioi and tiie residue liiade priiMinerB.— |Mi||e ITS* . ChafJlIL OeoerarArlield^s freaefeery dis- eotered. Andre ttdKeoaivl exeooted«««jKi|pe 175. CnjLTilAtt. General Oreeiie % ^pfointedto the ccmmaQd of tlie Bouthenf khmy^ In tiie room of General Gates. Sueeiisful expedition of Lieutenant Col. Washington) fte-— poige 180. €m^. lit. General Greene diiMes his Ibrees. Thd dirishm finder General Morgan, goes to the W^teini extreinily of South Carolina ; defeats TarletoQ at the Cowpens^^— po^e 185. Cbai!*LV« a reinforeenient from Virginiaf e^niubles General Greene to make a stand a- gaiuit Cornwallis— Is delbalNI» and retires to Speedwell Iron-works.— pajtf 1^« Caaip* LYL General Greene^ with the Ame- rican Southern ari^t eneamp within a mile of Camden. Lord ]^wdon» with nine ^hundred men, are in Camden — ^Thej make a sally upon the Ameriean mcmj, and gain tlie Yietory.-r Cbap. LTII. Comwallis ^is HreMlhened by the royal forces, under Phil^ anSlAmold--- T^rerses the eountry-^ls feebly oppescvd by the Ameriea ns , ■ pa ge 197. Chap. LTIII. General Washhigton puts the American army in motion; and m ee^junotion isritk the French forees, marehes to T(nrk-towB» ■4^- ZII CoNTBK'rf; y -xia i Coant de Graise arrirei with the Freneh ileef, At iht Chesapeake. The British under Cern- valliSf are eleseljr invested^ and^SQailj eapi< tiilate.«^pm:e 201. h Chap. LIX. The news of the capture of Com- wallis arrWes in England— Debated in Farlia- inent«*-fa^e 204. Chap* LX. The Independence of the thirteenl United States, acknowledged in Europe. Peaoej is declared.-- |Mi|^e 206. il *fO WHICH %n AKbVBp. ,^-^ The Deelaration of Independcnce.«-*j^je fO§. The Constitution of the United Statcsn— ^1 The Farewell Address of Waahiogton, to Ae| l*eople of the United States.— pq|ge 2AU - The Beclkration of Rights, and CoAStitnUonj of the State of Marjlai^.'-ifiVe ^6d. ?■ ' '<•'♦ re ■ ?* * ; *Sii* .*mi3 if dii THE AMERICAN ^ REVOILIITION, IN SCRIPTURE STYLE; CHAP. I. The Ettst-IncHs CampKkf shipthtSr Tm 16 AnMrka, ehtrgtd with • Duty, futr the purpose of raking • Rcrtnoo. I N the thirteet^h y«ar of the rel« of Oeargt the kiiiiji;^ whotie doBiinions exlenoed from the i»land of BrUain to the lUtermott parts of the ^ai-th !' 2. The same Tear the klogsiade a decree to tax the people of the proviileeB in the land of Colombia, for they had paid no tribute to the kiiig« neither ihe^r nor their forefathers, $• Nevertheless) they gave the king eveffjr year a free-will offering (not as tributarieii) itc they were freeineoy Mid were never in hoadaga to any : 4. Neither were they seditions to the interest of C»sar» they loved the king, and meddled not with those who were given to ehanges his ene- mies were their enemTes» and they fought the lialtles of thekingt 6. And the deoreo went forth from White* i %■ Amiriean Revolution. liall (the pAfaoe,) and it vat sealed with the king's signet. 6. And the governors of the provinces vera eommanded to make the thing known te the people. 7. Now when the people of thto^ provinees hadi seen tbe writing of the aeeree* and knew that it was sealed with the king's signet* thej were sorely grieved, and there was a very great mur- muringy the sound (hereof was like the rushing of laighty waters! , t- 8. And there were at that time a company of Wierehants in the town of Ludf * that aaoient eitjy who had a navy of ships that went once in three years to a far^eountry to trafle with the tnerchants of the East for the Indian weed* 9. And the mecehants sold the weed to the people of the kingdom of Britain at aeertain priee» and it brought much wealth into the treasury of tlie king. 10* Notwithstanding it was no better than tlM herbage of the fteid» or the hysop whieh groweth la Uie garden of the husl^ndman ; yet the peoplo loved to.liave it so* il. Now the women of the Jand put Che weed Into fine earthen vesselsy and they put water into the vesselsy and they poured out drink offerings Hiereof into cups of enamel work ; iMidil was their morning and evening potation. m> 12. And the merehants who jtraAeked in the Indiait weed, spake before the king and said» 13. I'hou O King ! hast made a decree, that tlie peoplo of the ^ovinces in the land of €^ lumbia, shall pay tribute to the king in Uko manner as we 40 here in Britain. * London anciently Cftlled Lad, alter a king of UMi ouiM. ^ iii- m1 with the Amtriean EeDoluHon. S 14. Be it known unto thee O King; ! that our store-houses «re filled with the Indian weed^ by the girfns thereof the strength of tbjr kingdom is greatly increased* 15. Nevertheless the people of ^s thj realm of Britainy are not able to eonsume the one half of that whieh now is in our store-honsesy beforo the 8hlp« will arrive from the eounlrj of tho East; so the merchant 4will suffer los% and the revenue of the king will fail: 16. Now if it please the Idngt k^t the ships of the merchants be ladea therewitli» and let them be sent to the hiad of Coiumbiay to the people of fhe provinces, thet ihej maj buj there- of) and p^y a tribute to the king over and abovo the price of the mereiiMrtot 17.^ For lo ! thy servants have heard they in* habit a fht land ! a land^ef oom and wine» that brinceth fbrlb fruit In its season, and where all 1^ &ults of the forest do crow ! 18. And moreover it haui been* told thy serv« ants^ that they drink out of vessels of gold and vessels of silver ! which is not seemly for any to do except it be the servants of the king, whom he hath set over the realm^ and digniiicd with great honor. 19. And the sayings of the merchants pleased Uie king and liis uobies; and he eommanded that It should be even so as the merchants had de^ sired. 20. Then were all the stora-hou^s set open, and the Indian weed was brought forth in chests inade of the fir-tree, and the chests were lined with broad sheets of ^ead, to preserve the weed from the waters. tu And the chests were put upon tarrlages. v: i ft Jtmerican Rtveilutian* thai were part of wood^ and part of fron> and horsoe were put to the carriagee^. (flow there were no such carriages in the days of Solomon.) 22. And they went by the way of the street of the eity» uritil thou eomest to the tower of Iittd» >vhieli looketh towards the rivers where was a fair haven for ships. '"' I^SU Now when the ships had taken in tlieir ladings the marinere ipread their sails to the wind» aatl unloosed their rudder -bandsy and launeheii «ul into the great deep $ and after they had set a eoBq«M» t£ey steered a strait course to the land . A ND It eame to pass^ when it was known to the people of the provinces^ \^hat had been done in the island of Britain, and that the merehanC ships had sailed. tk They were greatly moved at the report thereof; and the moTing of the people was like tlie moving of the tall cedars, when the south wind bloweth upon them * 5. And the people arose, as the tand of the sea for multitude, to oppose the deeree of th# king ; and the number that conspired against receiving the weed, was mttre than forty thou- sand men ! 4. And when the ships had arrived on the fca ^-f^ 'ff ?";»?"=-•-"'■ ' Ji r i -fc i- a t. - . .i V HJfK-a ^- Amtriean Uecolu^am tat of ColumUiay and the mariners were gene town into llie sides of ilic ships ; lo! seventeen liun-like uien from the province of tbe'East, * iiKguUed tbemstelvos like barbarians^ f and rent into tlie ships ; and it wasaiMmt the fourth ratch uf the nigiit :. i» And they cast the Indian weed into the waters of ti)& river» and it was all swallowed ip of the waters ! 6. Now. when: the morning, was eome» there ras no suialLstir amongst the soldiers; and they i^dc diligent search for the eonspirators ; but ity had.hid themsoives» and the thing was not inuwn. 7. And letters were sent info eirerjr proTincet exhorting, the people^ far and near, to choose leputieS' fi*om amongst the people that thej Tight take eouQsel eoueerning . this thing : and itwas so*. , $. And.it eamete pass- when thedeputtes bad ithered themselires together^ that they also lose ether depuCiest^ men of wisdom^ out of 'Very province*. And they all met at one place ; kod these were called the. great Sanhedrim \ of Lhe people- 9« And the rest of'theproviAees, although Ihey destroyed not th^ Indian weed, as the rovineesof the East had dose^ yet they suffered lot lhe inai*tiiers to unlade the ships. 10.. Now when the eaptains* of the ships saw [hat the people abliorred the decree of the klne». Ihey forbore te- unlade the ships^. lest a tttmidt Ishould be made. ived on the flike American Berolulion* it. Ami wbcn they had refreshefl tbemsefTfs, thej departed from (he eoast of Coliimhia^ and tailed to the island of Britain. 12. And when tidings came to the kin^ of Britain, how that the peopJe of the provinceiL had refused to uhey the decree tliat he liad oouulOf and had destroyed the Indian weed. 13. He was eicoeediiig wrath* and the form of his visage was changed; and he hastily oaHed his nohlesy his counseUorSy and his wise men* that they might advise together touching this Inatter. 14b. And a certain lord * who stooil near the king* who was chief eoonsellor in the realm of Britain* spake before the king and said* 15. inasmuch* O king! as the people of the provinces refuse to obey the decree thou hast made ; If it seem good unto the king to hearken to the counsel of his servant* then let the kin^ make another decree ; 1(9. And let the writing of the decree be sent to the governor of the king's garrisopi. In the town of Boston^ which lieth nigh nnto Salem^ in the province of the East : 17. And if k pleaselhcking» let tliegnremor* and the captain of the king's ships he commanded^ that they take away from the town* the whole stay of bi^ead* and the whole stay of water | the ^lips and the merchandize: ami Instead of plenty Jet there be a famine^ and instead of 4»eace* a sword ! IS. And wheil the lord bad done speakings there was a great shout among the people ; hit coumel was as the counsel of Mithfipd, im the * Loxd North. I I American lUvolution* 7 dajs of Davldt klnf^ of Israel ! and ho was set over the wliole rcalm» and was next unto the ^ 19. And the counsel pleased the kln^ and his servants; and the kin;; made a decree, and sent it to the governor h^ one of tlie tall ships of Britain* >^^'i-^^ 20. And when the {governor of the town had received the king's let ters* he set a watoh in the gate thereof: and the captain of (he king's ship east anehor in the river» and no ship coidd pass that way. 21. Now it came to pass» whew the people of the provinces had heard thai their brethren in tjhe town were in a great strait^ they sent to speak comfortable words unto theai» and gave them goodly gifts* 22* And the rgpeat counoil of the provinces, even tl>e great Sanhedrim of tiie people, wrote a petition to the king» wherein they besouj;ht bim^ not to east Qi(r his |)eople» for they were bis own inheritance; but that he would look towards them as in times past* 23* And the petition was given to Benjamin f ^ to give to the king: now this Benjamin was* a wise man^ and his name was much set by amongst the people ; be exceeded •it the an* eients in wisdom and knowledge. 24. He taught the people the bidden mysterlea of nature^ wliieh bad iain bid from the founda* tion of the world, and wbieh our fatbers knew not! ,1^ i AmerieoM Eeoolution* CHAP. III. U9, Fraakli» prcfenU the Petition, of Congresf Co Che Far- liamcnt of Great Ikitain. .^SLnI> when Benjumn came inla the great eouncii of the kingdom, the e^ea of all the people were fastened upon him ! 5. The prinoes refrained talking^ and the noblei held their peace ! they were struct^ dumb at the witdom of hit wordi^ and they laid their hands upon their months ! 3. Twiee* they essayed to speak^^ yea thriee ; hut were oonfoimdMl 1 fdr they oouhl not resist the wivdoBv of hU. saying^.;, for an excellent spirit was ia him^. 4. IlowbeiU they had: determined before liamty tliat liie petition of I lie fieaple uf the provinees slionfd not be reganled, for tlie chief eo^AseUor of tbe kingdom favoured it not. 5^ Now (here were many in the kingdom at iliatlinie, who were fed by ihe- king^ and were maintained by his bounty^. 6. Tlie^e men were like the loeusts^ of E^yptf they dev4>ured every gootlly. thing, yea,, they were like the wolves of tlie eveniog hunting for their prey* 7- Now these mea watched the wo|Pd» of the chief couQselloPf whatsuever he said, they said; they were like the passive elay ia. the. luMids of the potter, 8. And (he petitioa was rejected by the kiog and (he great couaeil of the kingdom, for it was determined to make war open (he people of tlie proitineeft^ that.lhey aiight be broaght aider the yoke* American RevoJutiom BM Co the Far* 0. And soMieri were sent from tlie land of. [ibernia, and from plaeen beyond the neay and rhoma8 * was appointed governor in Uie pro- rince of tbe East. 10. He was also captain of the liOHt of tlie. len of Britain that were in the luwn of ll«>slon« iiid he strengthened himself ia the towo^ und lused battlements to be built. 11. Now while these thin}i:B were doing; in IIhi ind of Columiday there were certain men ii» he eiiy of Lad, the ehief oiljF of the kin^om If Britain. 12. I'hey were men wbe loved peaee* and rere zealous to mal^e up the breach lietwixt the [ing and the peoplet and te heal the wounds the \my had maile. 13. Ybey met at the house of John | the ij^sician; now this John was a woniiy man* id beloved bj the king and his thief servants. H. David ^ also who was of the seed roj'al, wise man* and one that loved peace; tlie^e ro men held a secret council with Benjamin at le house of John the ph^^sician. ^^ 15. They i*easoned together about the affaire the provineesy and Imlaneed in their minds dngs present and things to come : thej were liddl by wis^lom, and the wonlsofiheir mouths (tilieilas the small rain upon the tender grass« 16. Yet they could not withstand the torrent r opposition, for the god of this world had Rinded the eyes of the great council of the ^ fingdom ; and there were of them, who burned * Genenl Gage . |r t Dr. Fothergill. I Hand BtrcUj, rtlatad to the family of tbt Stewarts. ft •imerican Bivolmtion* i 5 ineeBte at the altar of ManmoBy and followed after fiUUy liiere. 17. AoU Binjamin teoing that the time of| his departure from the l^ingdoin of Britain wai at haiid, he tool& leave of nls friends and went into a ihip that was going to Uie land of Colun- bia» the plaee of his natifity. 18. And it eame to pas»» when the ship had | arrivedy and it was known to the people of the pro¥ineef that Benjamin their brother was re-| turned fro» tlie lilfuid of Britain, that there wat a great rtjoieing throaghout the whole land. 19. And he canMrlli Phllailelpliia, whieh by interpretation sIgniXbth the etiy of Love; it wa« the chfef elty of the provinees ; and the wise men of the eity led him to the great 8iB- hedrim of the people, and he sat in a ehief seat. SO. And Benjamin arose upon his feetf and he rehearsed to (he Sanhedrim all that he had heaiil and seen in the island of Britain, and in the great council of the kingdom : and more* over he told them that the ehief eoonsellor favoured them not. 21. Now when Benjamin had done speakine in the Sanhedrim, and (he council had eonsultea v|M>n (he words that fell from his mouth, tliey took courage, and thej set at naught the big swelling words of the lord of the realm of Britain. ,,. '-'i- ^rf-*5ii«>*jS »*f> \t \lfti'i ^, », . „, . . JimerieMn BeoohUi^nm it Mid foTlowcd CHAP. IV.. ;tnera1 Gagt icnas • firtj to dfltCroy the Mtltttf^ 8tor« at Coneor4 The ftrU ComaMnecmmi ef Hoatilitiet at Lexing^. ND it fame to ]Miflif ihwt Thonutif eaptain |f the host of the kin^ of Britain^ privatrlj )nt a ehoten band of men, about the eleventh |our of the nic^ht, to a plaee ealled in the Ita* ^n tongooy Coneonlia* * to dottrogr the store- loiiies of the people> aod tho iaipiofliODti for rar. t. Yet Dotwithttamling il WM the night sea- my when the toldiera sol oiitf oad the governor lept a strict watoh, yet the people of the pro- bnee had aotiee thereof. 5. And there assembled together of people of le province, three score and ten persons, and le soldiers of the king of Britaiot were eight indred valiant men. 4« And when the soldiers saw that the people the province were collected together, thej loutcd with a great shout, and as lhe> shouted ^ey shot at the people of the province, and it ks said that some of the people were slain. 5. And it came to pass^ that JohUf f captain a C(impaoy of the province, when he heard no shouting of the men of war, that he armed jmself and ran, and about four hundred men [ilowod after him to the hatile . 6. And ihey overtook the soldiers of the king BrKaia, at a place called in the vermieular * Coacord. . . , ■■ .-, t Major Butter. - y" .A <• if V ' ) S' i n J^meriean Uevotution. tongue^ Lexington ; and Ihey fought with theiuj there ; and the soldieis fM hy the hij;hway of the ceuntrj^ ; and John and the men vrho wen with hiiHy fuJlowed hard after theni» wurring a^ they went, until thou comest to the Mountain that looliclh towards the town : r. 7. And the nK^n of Britain were very weafj and chafed in tlieir minds ; and it was about th< going down of the sun when they ascended the luuuntain; and they rested there thai night. 8. And OB tiie morrow they passed over the river and went into the town ; and the nuinbeil of the iilain of the men of Britain were thre^ score and five persons; and there fell of the peoide of tlie provinees two scot*e and ten mei 9. And k came- to pass when it was knowi t!ii*o4ighout the land of Cohimbia, that some tlie peoplj^ of the provinces were tlain by IM soldiers of the king of Britain j' 10. That the letkders of the people eried ou^ saying: What part have we in George , or whs inheritance in the house of Brunswick? lo! N hath cast us off as aliens to his hotMe^ and dea eth with us as with enemies. 11. Then the people strengthened themselvt greatly, and encouraged one another to ftgli manfully for their country* their wives and thei little ones. ^ la. And the people accustomed themselves the exercises of war ; and instead of the vol of nieUid^ and the songs of gladness^ the son of the trumpet and the shouting of the warrio vere heard. 13. Yet» notwithstanding* the gttsat eouu ^. il " ■ ' * Bunker's4iiU. ; 1 dmeriean Bevoluiiont ±S of the proylnees, even the great Sanhedrim of the people, agftjn besought Jne king of Britain^ that he woukl grant them peace, and call back his armj^ from their boi*dei*9 ; 14. But he was deaf to all their cries, and the lord, I he chief counsellor of Britain, when he was told, that some of the servants of the king had been slain by the people in the land of Columbia; 15. That he was exceedingly wralh, and he said, Lo! these men want otily to gain time to itrengthen themselves for.tlie battle*->-they cry peace, peace, and war is in their hearts. 16. But let the kin^ now send over another army greater than the iirst, and let the ablest captains 4if the host of Britain be sent over to the hv4 9t Colnmbia, that tbey may make ai| end at once. 17. And moreover he said, Is not the eonfe« deraey of the rebellious provinces, as tho' a man inade a rope with the sand that i» on the sea shore, wbieh when it is broken will never unite again ? 18. And another lord ^^ said om thi» wise, are not the people (|f the provinces like unto the wild roe upon the mountains, that fleeth before the hunters ? one man Qf the af my of Britain will ehase an hundred, will put ten thousand t<| flight. 19. And it wa» so, that the king hearkened to the voice of the ehief counsellor, and he or* dered the captain^ of the host to muster an army 1^ Jjord Sandwich. ^"' i>! i:! 14 Jlmiriean Btoolution. to go to Ulie land of Columbia^ to subdue tbe people of the provinces. ^0» And the captains hastened to obey the king's eommand, inasmuch as the lord of Britain was urgent for the basiness to be done, and the soldiers were put into the shipSy with all instru- ments for war. ^ Si. And when the ships were ready, and had taken in their lading, they hoisted up their an- ehojTs, and loosed their sails to the wind, and steered their course westward for the land of Columbia* CHAP. Y. Frcth troops arrive from Great Britnn. The Uttk •• , Bunker's Hill A ND it eame to pass, after that i\fe army of the king of Britain had gotten safe to land^ that the people of the provinces consulted together eoneerning the war. ' £•' Now there was a mountain * on a neck of land, that overlooked the town, and the people of the provinces desired to^have it for a place of defence, and essayed to take possession thereof by subtility. 3. And they went up to the top of the mount- ain, and they toiled hard all night, and placed battlements on the mountain ; and lo ! when the sun was risen upon the earth, the captains of the host of Britain looked, and behold they saw the people of the provinces on the lop of the « Bunker's Hill. 'S. 4. lubdue tbe o obey the d of Britain ie, and tbe b all inslru- ly, and bad up ibcir an- B MTindy and Uie land of The Uvm^ •• t^ arny of to land, tliat [ted togetber on a neek of id tbe peopio fop a place of ^ssion tbereof >f tbe monnt- ^ and placed llo ! ¥rben tbe captains of ^old they «aw le lop of tbo American Revolulian. { ■ i5 mountain; and they were astonished ont of measure ! , 4. And a||Dat the twelfth hour of the day^ Thomas^ tbe captain of tbe host of Britain, sent an arjay to ^rive the people from off the oionnt- ain ; ^and the number of men that he sentf was about three thousand. 5. And the thl^e thousand men pafs^ over Ithe moimtain, and there was but a sniall space^ between tbo two armies : and the people of the ipruvincies encamped on the mountain. 6. And they put tbe battle in array, army igaitist army ; and the battle waxed btot, and there fell of the men of Britain, one thousand kod fifty-four. And there were slain of the people »f the provinces, one hundred and thirty-nine. 7. Yet, notwithstanding the army of tbe king tf Britain gained the top of the mountain, and [hey built a strong bold there, and placed a gar- rison of soldiers in tbe midst thereotV 8. Uowbeit, it was a sore battle ; . and the laptain of the host of the people of the provinees, 'hose sur-name was IVarreih was slain ; and le people mourned for him many days. 9. And on the same tldyf the host of the king |f Britain burned a town ^ with lire, that ap« irtained to tbe province, and tbe people of the »wn lost all their possessious. 10. After these things, the prinees of the rovinces, even the great Sanhedrim of the )ople sent another petition to tbe king, en- *eating him afier the former mann^, but they »nld not prevail. li. Then the people of the (provinces despaired • Charleaton. 4l'. 16 •American Uevolulion* of being reconciled to the kiiie» inasmticfi as he hai'keiied Ut (he voice of the chief counsellor their enemy: then thejr enhdried onejittiothet' to be of good courage* 1^ And the g^rcat Sanhedrim of the people^ consulted tof^elher where they should fina a man that would be able to go out before the host of Columbia^ and order the battle for them* j|5« And they chose Gcorgtf whose sur-namc ivv^i'Washingtonf he was from the south countryJ and had a goodly inli«ritanee on Mount VernonJ and iloeks aud herdf in abundance. I4r« He was a man of war fi*om his youths wai beloved of the people^ and hit bowels yearned towards them in the day of their calamity! h^ was also one of the princes of (he proninceiy ai sat iu (be SanJiedrim of the |ieoplei who boi the burthen in the heat of the day. 15. And there wei'e other captains appoili(( under him ; and the names of the captains wei these, JtrtemuSf Charles, PhiUpf l9tudf Hart tu7^ Sellif Richardf David, IVilUam, Jowpi John whose sur*name was Thomas, and Johi and JS'athanieL These were all mighty men Yalour, but George was chief captain. 16. And the chief captain of the host of (I people of the provinces^ took his way \o il uriny that was encamped nigh unto- the host the kin:; of Britain. 17. And as he pa^^ed along the highway the country^ tlie chief men of the provinces ear out to do him honor. IS. And lot when he arrived at the oamp, found them, as sheep having no shepherd, evej liiuu doing that which was riglit in liis own e^"^ l^. And he appointed unto overy man J3[merican SevoVution. IT' work; and the people served him willingly^ and with a ready mindf for wl|atsoever he did pleased Ihe people. CHAP. VI. General G&ge returns to England} succeeded by Genffil Howe; The Americans fit out Privatters. TIm bunuBg of Falmouth by the British. w> OW it oame to pass towards the end of the rear* that Tli^m^Sr the ehlef eapuin of the host if the kingr was ooiiimanded to return to the (land of Rfitatny to^ve au aeeount to the kingt mehini^ the a01iir» of the provinces. 2; A^ WxWi^m was appointed ohief eaptaia his st^.- Now WxUiam. had a brother * who ras » l<^rdf and a valiant man.; he w«ntout igainst the servants of the king, of Gaul ; for 'le kingp of Gaui was formerly at wtir with the soiile^ of the pro^inees^. and with, the king of Kritaint S* And: the people of the- provinees loved tke brother of W\ik\am: they fought by his side gainst the servaatA of the. king, of Gaul ; and le was slain riolmUle.' 4. And. the people set u^ a statue of ' hewn [tone, and fashioned- it with- the tools of the inning workipan» after the manner of those iy&; audit stood for a. memorial of his valiant lot». 5. And there was yet another brotherf who> ^'Lori Howe--wh» fell in Canada in the French war. 18 •American Revolution. WAS a eTitcroa|>taiii In the klng^s navy ; lie was also a lord of the i*ea1tii of Britain. 6^ And ho sent the ships of the navy to lie in wait for the merchants ships that sailed out ofl the rivers of Coluinbiay and the navy of the king of BritaiPf was spread over the face of the{ l^reat deep. 7« Now sailing became daneerous^ by reason I mTlhe ships of the king of Britain, inasmuch as they took the mariners captives^ and carried the] ships of Colnmhia to their own coasts. ' «> 8. These ships Were farmed with engines, Vuchj as were not known iii tlie days of ohi : fire and balls issued out 6f their iliOuths ; and the men who had the charge thereof, eould shout the| balls to an hair^s breadth ! They were the in< vention pf SataUf and as it is written in the| book of John ^ the sweet singer of Albion. 9. Theto the people of the provinces eonfmnnedl together concerning this thing ; and itit greatl Sanhedrim of the people sent to the men whol were occupied at the burning fiery fNrnace> Ihatl they should make engines like unto the enginesl that were in the ships of the navy of the kingj of Britain. 10. And the tn^n heated the fufnace seveni time» hotter than It was wont td Ibe heated, andl "they east the iron ihto the furn^cei and io ! it became an engine to destroy men I [ ' 11. And the captains of the ships of the landj of Columbia, took the engines into the ships, and made all speed to war vrith iLe sea captainii| of the island of Britain. 12. And a captain j of one jf % j^if y^fat| * MilioD's Paradise Lo9t. f Captain- Manly. fiavy; lie was | American RevohiUony \ 19 (lie Sanhedrim sent out, found a ship that was goin^ to the army which Jtts encamped in the town ; and the ship was firoen with all imple- menls for war» to strengthen the host of the king of Britain. 13. And the raariQcrs were made captives, and (he ship was talteti into a haven that be- longed to the people of the provinces : and when the^' were unloading (he ship; lo ! ^hey fouofl great store of the destroying engines ; some of them were of brass, and souic of iron : and the people rejoiced greatly. ' 1^. And the other eaptakis did even as the former captain had doiie; and they took captive many of the ships of the king of Britain, with the mariners thereof, and the strength of Co- lumbia wai enereased thereby. 15« Now the servants of th6 king of Britain were iorely v^xed^ inasmuch a!s they stood m Deed of those things that wei^e found in the ships, whieh tli^ captains 6f the provinces had taken. 16. Aad they were tilled with wrath, anid lusted fifter revenge ; for they were chatfed in their minds as a bear robbed of her whelps. And it came to pass, that a sea captain of tli^ navy of the king of Britain, burned a. tawn ^ thai lay iri^ unto the sea coasts * Calmoukh*. .iv,. r^^iirtfl ®f (^l*t- ^mni iiO ■.■i,J. ^ f 1 sa h:!*!-!: / jttSiiMrii icon Reoolutipn* CHAP. VIL iHpbl Colonels Allen and iBfiAd sarprise Ticonderoga, 9ubM* ^uent operatioas in Canada. N. _ . OW there wa» a string bold^ called in the French tongue^ Ticondefoj^ s and there was a garrison of soldiers in the hold, who were the servants of the king of Britain ; and the people of the provineea desired to ha?e it for a pos- session. . 2. And thej sent Ethan * and Benedietf f two lion-like mehr t»wlipd« the hold f and there fol- lowed after then two liiiAdred and seventy menf i whose dwellings were in the mountains^ and they were all Taliant men., 3. And it was. about tiie- third wsiUl/k^ of the night yfken^Eth0il^mii Bemdiet came afrainsi^the hdld% Now there was. a civer $. hetwUt t^in and the strohg hold». • t«r j 4. And about Hie coel<-orowii|g9».the tWfO ^fl|i- tainsy Etluin and 'Benedki took with them, four score and three men andr passed over the river; and they gat into (he hold befoife tlie governor thereof had arisen from hi»coui$h^ for his eyes were yet heavy with sl^ep. , B. And wiien die governor ppfviod (lis eyfs^ lo! he saw £f/mn and lienedict had gotten into the hokl ; and he demanded of tliem by what authority they did these things^ and who gave them that authority.. * Colonel Ethan Allen, f General Arnold* |_ Cffeen Mountain Boji& f lake Champlain. V -.i>. American Rteohdiotu 21 6. Then Ethan raised his Yoice aloiid' and >aid» Our authui'ity is from the Great Jehovak intt the |irincerf oi'Uie in'ovinccBy over Mie great Sanhedrim of the people, whose gervanit we arc. 7. Then the governor's heart melted within him» when he heard the voioe of £/ /tan ; and ke delivered up the strong hold with the garri- son thereof* to the two captains, Ethan and Benedict ; and the garrison were made captivet • 8. And it came to pass that when the great Sanhedrim of the people were told of the valiant acts of Ethan and Benedictf they rejoiced in secret at the zeal of the two captains* 9. But, inasmuch as they desired to make a covenant of peace with the i&ing of the island of Britain, they made a decree that the. sjiuil that was found in the hold, should be cMveyed to a place of safety, that it might be ready at a future day when called for. 10. And the iieait of Bcneiffct was lifted dp, and he cast in his mind, how he should get pos* session of the whale province that lay North- ward from the hold : (now the inhalntants of the land were called Canadians) aud he wr agiiinst us fro ui the Nortli borders, the barbarians of the wilderness I and the Canadians, and we sh&'l be environed round about by the armies of t^«^ king, and we! shall of a eerlainty fail before the host of t)ie! king of Britain. 15. But let Ui quit ourselves like m^nt and let an army be sent Northward to oppose the king's governor, and let the captain of tlie host be commanded to speak comfortably to the Ca- nadians ; peradven^ure they will be a^ strength to the host of the people of the provineest ftod fight under the banners of Columbia. 16. And P/tilipt and Montgomery were ap* pointed ohief captains of the army that was sent to oppose the king's governor; and they took their way towards the strong hold, and the host of the people of the provinces followed alter them. 17. And when the host of the people had en* tered the borders uf the province, Phitip de« Hvered an oration upon tiie inhabitants of the land, even to the Canadians ; and the words that fiV ♦ Indians. f General Philip Sc^»'iyler. ^■m^ i= ■•^. «*«•>. • American ]Uvolution. sfmke were on this wise* thnt the people of ) provliii^es ^ere not come to oppress^ but to iliver them froin their oppressors. 118. And the natives shewed them no small idnesSf they brought of the first fruits of the id to rcfresli the army of the people of the evinces, and many other sueh things did they do. |l9. Now there was another strong bold that IS garrisoned by the soldiers of the king of •itain^ and it was called St. John's after the [perstition of that country ; and they essayed gain possession thereof. [20. The hold was very strfingy and the chief )tains of the host heJil a eouneil togeUier, and greater part advised to depart thence to a *tain island, called in the French tongue* le Isle aux Noix* to the South of the hold mt nlnety-f^x furlongc Now PAtltp was taken sick, hy reason lereof he could not go out before the host as other times ; and he departed thenee, aod irneyed onwards lintil he came to the hold kt Ethan and Benedict had taken; and h9 lourned there for a season. S2. And Montgomery^ the chief captain, re- *Ded back again to the hold, for it grieved n that he had left it, lest the soldiers in the ^Tison should think that he had turned his *k upon tliem through fear ; and he east a ^k against the hold, and placed the destroy- engines on the bank which he had east up. IS, But he conld not prevail, inasmuch ai black dust * which they put into their en- les, began to fail. Now the dust was mada ♦ Gttti-Powdor. ' ' ' I \. f^ w American EevoltUion* of nitre ami brimstoney and without it^ Uie en-| gineB coiilii do nothing. 2^. Now there was yet another holil * tbatl was garrisoned by some of the soldiers of tlie kinji; of Britain, and it was about fortj and eightl furlongs from the plaee where the host of the! people of the provinces wei*e eneaniped. I 25. And nMontgomtv%j9 the chief eaptain, sent! a eaptiun with a hand of men to take possessioul thereof ; but he abinle there still. . 2d. And Ike eaptain, and the men who were] sent with hiniy did as they were eommanded] and they prevailed iminst the hold and took ](, and found much spoil therein ; and amongst thel spoil there was found large i|iiantities of thel black dust for the destroying ei^gines. 27. And the spoil and the captives w brought to the campt and •/IIofit|:ofRer]/t tke ehiej eaptain, when he saw the blaek dast» coiunnaDdec that the destroying engines should be set t( work* and the noise thereof was like the aoii of mighty thunders ! i - .1 CHAP. VIII. St. John's Ukeo— Col. Allen captured and sent to England Montgomery ikiii. N^ OW when it was told Gtiif* the kiiig'j governor^ that the garrison were in a gres straitf he gathered together abpyt eight Ituiidn men, and he hasten^ to deliver the garrii Iroai faUUng a prey to tke l^of t oi^ Coluinbia. • Cro«m Pp&fc, . Jtmeriean ^eeobiUan* «C~' tmt to £ng1»nd 2. And it was lo* that as lie was passing (he irivcr, a certain cuptain, witb three hundrad lmen» servants to the Sanhedrim of the provintesy hny in ambiishy and (hey arose* up, and fell upon [the men ^rho wei*e with the governor^ and iitmtit Ihani hark afi^in : and the men who \ny in am- Ihush, had their habi(a(ionB in (he mountains. * 5. Now when Hie captain of the earrison linew lha( (he (governor had been foiled in battiei his Ispirit sunk within him, and he delivered up^the [hold to Montgomery^ the chief eapfain» am! tho loldiers of the garrison were all miide captives. 4. And it was about this limey that Ethan iM sent with about four seore meo^ to do a cer- tain thing ; and as he was returningt on his way to the campf the governor came out aginst him ; 5« And Ethan and the men who were with lim, fought with the goveruory but could not prevail J and he was taken captive^ with three looreand eight persons ; and there were slain of the men of Ethan f fifteen ; and the residue made their escape : and Ethan was sent bound to the Ulaud of Britain. 6. And it came to pass, that Montgomery, the chief captain of (he host, journeyed onwards to a (own» ^ wherein were some soldiers, who rere servants to. the king of Britain. 7. New when the captain of the soldiers was lold (hat ^ioff%otnet*i;, the chief captain, was homingr^aiiist the town, he put his soldiers inle the king's ships, wliiih had cast anchor in the 'iver : and the men who bad fled into the ships> ♦ Montreal. ■w f6 JhHfriean Beoolutian. ih basCiblicd dovfu the river^ hoping to escape thatj way* 8. ButaeaptaiDy whose sur-name v/hh Ea$tont\ and servanl to the Sanhedrim of the people, urithstood the ships^ and overcame them, and took tbe people captives^ and got much spoil out| of the ships. 9. And it eame to paBS» that Georgt, ehiel captain of all the armies of Columbia^ beiogl mindful of his brethren who vieve warring witlil the king's governor^ and fearing lest the menl who were with the eaptain» Montgonter^t were! too few ; he sent Benedict and a thousand mei wi|h him to strengthen the host. 10. And Benedict took his way through th( wilderness, and the tlKTusaud men followed aftei ^im. Now the way was ditiSeuUio pass, it wa^ a land of pits and snares, the foot of the waj] faring man had not trod therein, neither wei the flocks of the sons of men seen in the wa^ it was a covert for the beasts of prey, and fa f^om the dwellings of man ! ' 11. And three hundred and forty of the mei{ i*eturned back again, and the residue followi after Benedict : and it came to pass, that thj bread failed in their vessels, they were famishi ' with liunger, and their tongues elave to the roc of their mouths ; yet the s^ii*it of a man was i^ them, and it sustained them ! they pressed foi % wards until they eame to the inhabited parts «>the province, and the Datives minislered to thei > Oecessities. . ;- M 12. And it came to pass that '^'o watchms on the wall of the city, * looked, and behold L| -: - ■ • Quebec. \- ■■ ■ American Revolu^on. £7 saw a muUitude of armed men eoming out of I the wilderness; ami he cried aloud » and saidf Lo ! I tee a company coming from the wilder* nesfly and the banners of the great Sanhedrim are amongst them ! 13. And Montgomery^ the ehief eaptaiu^ and Benedietf besieged the town roand about ; ai|d they east a bank aj^inst it ; and they planted the destroying engines on the bank that tke^ had oast up; and they essayed to batter tho towii# but eould not prevail, for it was boiU apon a^ roek. \ i« 14. And Montgomeryf the ehif eaptakiy being minded to take the town by foree# sont a mes-^ tenger to the governor thereof, warning htm to deliver up the town with the garrison, tliat the blood of Che inhabitants might not be spilt. 15. But the governor hearkened not unto the Yoiee of Jlfonllgoineri^, but shot at the messenger from the wall, and the messenger returned. 16. Then the chief eaptain, Montgomeryf di- vided the host into four bands, and he appointed a eaptain to each band, and it came to pass in the morning, about the time of the eock-crow- ing, the four liands moved towards the town; now it was the chief town of the province. 17* And, as the chief eaptain and his armour- bearer ^ had passed the first barrier, and were about to enter the second, io ! a ball from the destrigring engines felled them both to the earth. 18. And Benedict was wounded, and they car- ried him from the field of battle ; but the men behaved valiantly ; nevertheless they could not prevail against the governor and the men who f John M'Phenon. ^4 28 tirt6an Betoltttion. Ttepc witb him ; and the governor took captive of the^peop]^ of tbe provinces three humlred itiett« and tbe sJain and wounded were four seore. i9. And wtien the governor snw the ohief oap- taln fhll to the eartb» his soul was moved withia, liiiif-*his rapebtingt were kindled— .he took the yie^ing warrior by the hand^ and the tear of | Unntaofoyvdropt from) his eje-lids !•— he endea- t|iii<)Klo^ raise him from the earth, but in vain f-^ tiie'vkal spirit was fled, and the shadows of; the flfVoMfltf wt»i« stretched over him f '2a. They laid his body upon the bier — they here him to the tbnd>^to the bouse aptioioted ^»f» all ttieiivit^il^Be raceived the last effloe of kite fv^6u^9' the generous foe of Columbia ! 31* The^ princes of the provinces will bewail the los^ of their brother I and thy name O Gujf^l shM bo had- in everlasting remembrance ! The sei;iibes of Columbia shall record thy worth, and transmit thy virtues tti posterity ! 2'Z* The captives thou didst take with thy sword, were sent to their dwellings iti peace ! their wants Were supplied by thy bonnty* and the sick were relieved by thy care ! The bless- iiDgs of the poor came upon thee ! and the; heart j of the captives leaped for joy ! . i . CHAP. IX. Xrassactioas'Ia Vb^nia during the Administralioa of Earl Ponmore. /?f U there wa« yet war in (lie land nf Co- liimhm; (Tip (He armies of the kin^^ of BnUiltl wei'c cneamped in the strong holds thereon American E&aif>ttUi and light and truth pervade the whole land ! 15. And tlio rest of the acta of DannKfref and ill that he did, and how he burned the ehief *\ty of the proTin.^.e with iire; are thejr not rritteo in the book of Rauisajr the s^ibe ? CHAP. X. it enbarrassme'Ats of the K.ing*s Troops in Boston— They evacuate the town, and remove to HaKfax in NotA' Scotia. OW the hostt of the king of Bri^aiB, lay mcamped in the town of Boston* in the province ^ the CilAst : and the army of the people of tho provinces* environed (he town round ai)out. 2. And the host within the town were in a sat strait ; their bread was nigh spent, and leir fuel began to fail : and the ships of the dand of Britain had not arrived to minister to sir neeeitities» and they were ready to perish^ »rit Wfts winter, > $. Howbeit, Ihey pulled down tlie houses^ iii le towot that were made of wood, and they kindled a ^re therewith ; then they gat heat f bd at last, the frhip» arrived, and there was kt joy in the town. 4. Now there were cehain men in the host r Cninmbiat wh« were like the heath in the ^iecti they knew not whence good eame. These len spake against the ehief eaptainy inasimuah 18 he did not force bis way into the iown wltere 1 * 4 ■iw'? I 9i Jimejn^fin Revolution, the army of the men of Britain were eneampeili 5. Nevertheless, he bore with those men, aMdj answered them not again ; he trmie in the foot- steps of FabiuSf who went out a.^ainst the Car- tha^niansy ami hy his wisdom saved the Romaoj people from falling a prey to their enemies. 6. JF|J9 wants w^re many, hut he kept thel door of his lip<«, lest peradventure, the enemies of Columbia should hear thereof : the cogitationsj of his heart were deep and ponderous. 7. Now the destroyin.:* engines in the army ofj Columbia, were idle« for the hlaek dust he$;an[ to fail : but it came to pass, that the princ^es of the provineesy even the (j;reat Sanhedrim oftlief people, sent swift ships to tlie land of Ethiopia, and they bought the blac^k dust of the merchantsi of Ethiopia. 8. And GeorgCf ohief eaptatn of the armies of I Columbia, consulted with the pnneipal men ofl the host, and spake unto them, §aying, HhalJ wel go up against the iown, where the army of the| king of Britain is encam];>ed, or shall we for- bear? 9. Now, when they had eonsi»lte. But it came to pUss, that there was a »at storm; and the rains descended, and the lods c^l^nd heat u(ion the host, and the mea 15. A l^^e rSai^ of Ctepr^ggy captain of all the 'mics oiiHi|||A aii !4B k\ u pcMiit he tn, even upon ii chl^pEHBPPMIPI^^^^ of Britain ; and ley AqMhI^^ ships of tike kine of liritain. 1ft. jSq^r there were two sects spread over all le land of Golumbia; the name of the one sect [as whigs, and the name of the ot>l^ seet was »riesP^ 17. An«f1t came to pass? that the sect of the rhigi, prevailed and grew stronger and stronger, Ind the sect of the tories grew weaker and ^oaker, 18. No.v the tories were coiinitftd as tha off. < * *•» 34 American Revolution, Bcouring of all tliinj^s ; and they were fain to bide (hetn8ehre!»-iii'l4fte~«li&a»of (he roeks, and in the th idt ( b i' cst i of Columbia ; and the soles I of their 40^r^iR»tHid - no rest» beeause of their •neinles ; nifi^tfMe9»i there wc^e some worthy men amUMrtheinf who followed not after fiUhj| lacre» noPtiiat wlilcli maketh for strife. 19. And when the army of the king of Britain! Was Qcein^ into (he «t^'» there were some of I tlie sec^ of tortus wh#lN|||wAh tht^mt and they I left niuoh of their stuff >)e|lNnl in the t'owny and it became H prey to the hosi; of the people of the] provinces. , 20. And it was so, that when the army of the I king of Britain had gotten into the ships, they set ^il for the country, called in the Latin tongue, Nova-SeoCia, which being interpreted J IS New Scdtland* And the ships cast anchor in the river, before the chief town of the '^rovinoe,| and the name of the town w^s Halifax. - 21. And it came to pass, that tite chief eaptainj of the host of the people of the P'*^^!^^^ ^^' tered into th« town ^ that bad bei^JidDbpied byl ther army of the king of Britain, a i||^jfe peoplel came out to do Min ^*<^^^* fflFl^ ^^^^^ ^7 George^ the chiCT^feptal^%wiBli»t into all[ lands! .«t ■* ■ • * Bostor. '* ■7 'm American ReroJution* 35 CHAP. XI. Krcfh troops ire sent by Congress to Ctnada— a Urge force arrives from Great Brit«ia-.The war in that province as* sumes a new fiice. ^ \N: OW it eame to pass, that the princes of the IproTinceSy even the great Sanhedrim of the peo- Ipksy being mindful of Benedict and the men who were with him* and fearing lest peradventure they would tail inia the hands of Guy» the king'a jgovernor; *^^ 2. That they sent a band of men» to ttrengtb- len the host that was with Benedict^ and sent large snoney to the soldiers : and the number of I the men that were sent, was three thousand : and they were all valiant men. S. Now it happened, about that time, that a certain woman, who had a loathsome disease,* and whose uncleanncss was visible, inasmuch as ker skin was spotted by the mere force thereof. •^. She went out of the town, and eame into the eamp of the people of the provinees, and it was 80,^ that when any of tlie people came |ieap imto the woman, then the disease fastened upon them, and they became unclean ; and the number of them who had the leprosy of uncleannessi were more than two thousand men. 5. And when tidings came to the chief eoun* sellor of Britain, that Guy, the king's governor, was shut up in the town, and that the people of the provinces had gotten possession of the strong holds, he was gi*eatly moved, and remained astonished for the space of one hour. ♦ Small P«x. . Hi 56 JImerkan Bevolution. uc 0. And after lie had eonsuUed Avitli the uisc men of (he king, he advised tliat more loldiert should he Kent into the province, to the king's p^ovttrnor, that they ihi^ht drive out fVom tlie province, Ihe host of Columbia, and recover the strong holds. 7. Furtlierinore« the chief counseUor irai iuinded to send a mighty army into Ihe province^ that they might be ready (o unite with WHliamf the fhief eapiaioy to iuvtfde the whole land of Columbia. 8r Now» when tlie captains of tire host of Columbia^ Irho were in the king's pfcvince^ heard of these things,: they consulted togethert and the greater part of the men ei war advised to deport thence. 9. And it was so. that when Gut/, the go- vernor, knew of a certainty^ that the army> of Ihe people of the provinces, were about to de* sporty he gathered together an army, 10. And the governor, and the host of tb« kingdom of Britain^ pursued after thearmy of the people of the provinces, and Id! when he eame to llie camp, he found no man tK#l>e, save a few siek folk, for the^ had made all.haste to depart, and had left behind them some of the destroying engines and other implements for vrar. 11. And it came to pass, that a mighty host^ from the island of Briatin, came in the tall ships of the king, and they gat safe teland, ami the governor was informed thereof, ^iow the t number of the men was thirteen thousand. 12. And when the army of the people of the provinces had notice of these things, they were discomfited : nevet*th^lc^8> they were minded t( American Revolution. S7 take a strong hold that was nigh unto a place called the Three Rivers. 13. And the chief captain divided the host into four bands, and appointed a captain to each handy and the chief eaplaio, vvhose name was Thomsonf * was told that there were some soldiers of the king of Britain^ encamped about twentj-four furlongs from that place. 14. And it came to pass, as they were on theip way to go against the men, anotlier messenger came, and told the chief captain, Ikat it was not a true report that he had heard, for there were no soldiers encamped as had been said* 15. Then the chief captain turned to go against the hpld, but the night was far spent, for it was intended that they should get into the hold at unawares, while the soldiers were yet heavy with sleep. And it came to pass, that the chief ei^^ lain w«|it to and fro in the wilderness, aiyl lost his way, and the sun arose. 16. And when Thomsont the chief captain, could not be found, Arthur f went out before, tli^ host, and became chief captain. And when be saw the army of Britain was coming out a- gainst him, he gave command that the host of the people of the provinces should depart thence, lest perail venture, the servants of the king of ibrltain, should environ them round about. 17. And they tied by th^ same way that they had taken : and when the men of Britain saw. the way that the people ef the provinces were returning, they hastened to the river, to a cer- * General ThoiMon. t General St. Clair* '-a- H D ^%m 'Ki^iU.*: u*'i: 38 •Ameriean Itevolution. k . • i%\n point of land^ calkd in tlie French tongue, Du lac. 18. Now the people of the provinces had left their boats at the point» vhen they passed over the river* and the soldiers of the king were minded to get this b(»ats from the people of the provinces* and prevent their return. 19. But a certain captain, who had charge thereof* when he saw Ihe men of Britain* he escaped with the boats down ihe river* to a place called in the vcrnaeuhir tongue* Sorrel : now this place was occupieil by the ]ieople of the provinces* and it was a place of defence. 20. And it came to pass^ as •Jrl/iur was going before fhcf host of Columbia* h« gat a wound in his foot; and he was maimed so that he could not hold on his wajf nor go out before the host a^ at other times. 21. Now the men of the host, loved Jrihur, and would fuin have borne him on their should* ers, InA he forbade them, and euconraged them to hold on their way. ' «2. And Arthur sat down under the thick branches of a tree ; and there wei^ certain other men with him, who were so vveary, that they were fain to abide with him. 23. And when they had rested themselves, and vvere refreshed, they arose up and departed thenre, lesl pernd venture, they might fall into the haids of the men of Britain ; and it was in the ni^ht when they'departeil ft-om that place. 21-. Then they jciurneyife and escaped to the strong hold that Ethan and £t'- iiedtcniad taken. ~ S. And it came to pass» that as the host of the people of tbe provinces were on their way to the hold» the inhabitants of the land, even the Canadians, came out to expostulate with the people, and said unto them : ^' 4. Hear nowy ye sons of Columbia, and at- tend to the words of our mouths ! Suffer us a * General SuIHvan» ^ r 40 Anteriean BeeeluU&n* m t^ L^l w m ■ ■■ fell,. III little, tbat ve maj tfieak ; that we may make known to you the b^ternets of our souli. 5. WhUI Uiiiig i« Uili tidw that ye are doing! will ye leave us a prey to omr enemies ? For lo! when you were linngt^f #6 fed you) and wlienl you were thirsty, we gave you drkik ! and sfeail we not be jud^d for these things by Quy^l will not he conni Us as afiens, and as enemies to the king of Britain? '^ / 6. So we shall be taken in an evil net, and our floeks and our herds will become a prey, aiidj our wives and ouir little, ones will be cut oft' from the fruits oif the earth ] and we shall have jionel ii^heritiMMW amongst oiii* brethren* 7. And wImiii tb« f^ptaMis of the host of Go- 1 lombia, heard thrjse things, they were troubled { for the inhahJtaRts pf the land. 8. 0ut they ^ake and said unto theiv^ Ttiji| hot for man to know the bidde^n thipgs of futurj|pr, nor for the sons of meo to tell what will o<^e, when the sol^hsrs of lie kiii^ of BHtaior eameni^hHirtf^ John, he [urned himself about and f^iugntwltb them, and> Uayed them from breaking in upoii' the hostf Ind the governor was vexed, inasmneh as he- fad purposed. in hin heart tomake them all eap- Ives. 13. And John calTetf a coanefi of his cap(ain«> nd the chief men in the host, and they eom* luned toother, and the greater part advised to ;part thence to ttie strong holdi * that Ethan id Benedict had taken ^ 14. jSoW it sorely grieved the people- of tho rovinees, titat the host orCalumbia failed to |t'dl>lish themselves iO' the province^ inasmuch^ they feared that the army of the king of Bt*i» lin would annoy the other provinces from ihenee. 1 15. And It eame to pass, that . the; words of the chief ooansellor,. notwilhstanding there were certain chief men in the combcU wlio^pake a- gainst the things yet they eould net premU and the wisdom of their woj*d8 was se^ at naught» and their eounsel was as waiter 8|»U upon a i^ek* 1. And the, king eeai 10. tfa^ {irui^f «» and Jimtrican Revolutidn* » ^Tenanted with them for sixteen tlioodawl nienf^ |o ttreagdiep the liust that was waCrSn^ with th0 »ople or thd freftaqes* iathe land of Ca)unibi(|» 4. They wbre a people of a stpiange language* id went against the people or tlie provineea in [he Bimpliotty of their heartSf for tlieir leadens caused iheni to erPf and. spread a net for tlielr >et. 5. And moreoYer* the great eoonoil of tl» Lingdom oiade a decree « Tiiat at anjr timet rhen. the mariners of the ships of Colombia ihould be taken oaptives by the serran^ of the ;ing9 thatt they should lie put into the liings ^hips, and be made to Ught against their brethren^ [he people of the provinees; and the ships of loluodbia should be for a spoil to the serwants the king* 6. And ^rthermorey U was deerc^ed In Uie ^ouneily 'Fliat the people of the provinees shotil^ treated as enemie^f and aliens to the king- of Britain* > ■ 7. Nowit oame to pass* about tbistinset tha^ ^0 eaptains of lk*itain went out agaioM a strong ^old that was in a proyinoe of (lie South } and lie aame of the ftr^t was pttePt '^ aai the mvne ff the other capta'm vvas /lietitr^, | uow Peter ^as a sea-captain* and he had a navy of ships ; id ffenry was a ehief eaptain of tiie hobt of he iaea of Britain. S* And ttie name of tlie eaptain of the men of % that were in the stiM>Bg hold was Mouitrie^ was a valiant |^an» and the men who were in le hold with the eaptaiD> were aM valiant me«. ♦ Sir Peter Parker. t Sir Henry Cltntoa. \ i; 2i' m ill i$ American Eevolutidn. 9. Ami it canttt to pass» lliaC nrhon (lie ivn ptainSf PeCer and IUnr\^ came against tlu koidf it was agreed between them^ Uiat Hleni, should t^Ke the soldiers that were under hiin'J and ^i to a eertain island nigh unto the hol( that h^ might get into the hold on the other side. ^ •* ^ V 10. And the destrojing engines began to iittei ^efr thunders^ and (he battle Haxed hot* ' andl th« #biititing of the warrinljhs was heard fronl afarf and there was a terrible clashing of arms!| ' ii. And Henry 9 when be saw that there Vere| ▼aiiant men in the hold^ be forbore t§ go fprib and the batik continued for the «|)aee of tei KourSf and/^tbe slain and wounded intbeshi|)i| were morc^ than two hundred meli* And it eau^< to pass that a ball from the destroying enginei smote Ttlcr on the hinder parts^ anil maioieif him. "12. And the slain and wounded in the holdj were one score and twelve pers4m8* And tlit enptain of the men of war who were in the hold J gat great honor* and the fortress * was eaJlei| Dj his name« to commemorate his valiant aets. id. And the mariners that were in the shipil Were commanded hy Peter 9 while it was ydl nighty to slip the cables, and escape down thel river ; for the ships wei*e mueh damaged by the| destroying engines. J4». And when flen7*y had put his soldiers intol the shipsy they sailed from tlienee, and e8caped| to the haven where the navy of the king Britain was anehoi^ed. ♦ Fort MoulUie. Jtmirican Meeoluthn* CHAP. XIV. U Kt William How« Itaves flaltfax, and is foon followed by h«» brother, admirftl lord Howe, with a land force— In- dependence is decltred^-The battle on Long-Island. ND it came to pass* about this 'tim^f' that "^Ulianif tlie chief eaptain of all the armiea of ^le king of Britain* put his men into the ships. nd departed from the country .^^ A^ovar8eotia» »r he was yrearj with tarrying at that pJaei^f 2. And he eame to a certain haveny called in le vernaeular tongue Sandy Hook. Ami it me to passi that his brother (whA was a chief tptain in the navy of Ihe king of Britain) foll- iwed after him with tlie ships i>f the king : »w tlie soldiers that were hired of the Geriuati rinees w€t^ in tlie ships, and a vast store of all le iinplements for war. 3. And they cast anchor nigh unto a certain land, t and the inhabitants thereof rejoiced |ith seeming great joy : and there was about ro hundred men on the island, who gave up leir names to fight und?r the banners of the [ng of Britain. if9 And the governor of that province and cer* ^in men with himt went in an armed ship to ^eet WiUiam, tiie chief captain, and they were »mfor(ed with eaeh other ; <n, so doth the countenance of a man Is friend.'* S. And when the princes of the provinceSf ren the great Sanhedrim of the people, knew ' a certainty that tlie king of Britain had hi^ed * SUten Island. i iimm 4# •Aitifrtcan JRevoFifHon: strangers (o cqme against the people of the pro- Tincesy ami ^ere told Mfhtd hau been done againstj them in the great eonncil of the kingdom ; 6. Then they consulted together eoncernihgl all things tliat appertained to the pi*ovinee8J and they made a decree, * and it vas sealedl iHTlth tbito signets of *hc princes of tlie proifiitceS|| 7« And the writing of the decree was spread fl(hl^d into all lands ; and when the host of Co-| IniiihlA heard thereof^ they sliouted with a great shoot. 8. And It was written therein. That 0ie| people of the provinces shooht no more 8ei*ve| the king of ]^f Hain l hut they should be a pe- eulisr people «nl0 thewBelves, and that then law-givers siiitild be from amongst their owal people. And the bonds betwixt the king %n( the people were broken^ so the people of iliel provinces revolted that day, and served; the kin( of Biitaiti no more. 9. Now the nomber of the soldiers of the kinj of Britain, who were warring witii the peopl of the provinces, were fifty and tive tboasan^ Ughtiiig men, prepared with all the insteamcnt for war. 10. And it came to pass, that the host of the king of Britain landed on a certain neck of lamlJ cjalled Long-Island, after the similitude of thr ffvrin thereof. Now a captain of the people ol^ the provinces whose name was John, f was en] CHniped on the island, and a band of men were with him ; and the mime Of the place where the}| * Dedtritioif of Independence, f General SulKvsn. j- Jtmerican lUiDolntion» i# ere encamped was eaHcd Flat-BiitOi, and it |as a plaee of defence. 11. Moreover, the people of the proviiieei :eiipied the h^gh places, and the army of the ling of Britain souebt to eain pogsessloii there-. T, and they were divided into tliree oompanieflu 12. And while It was yet night, the host of le king of Britain went forth f and Henry f ^ chief captain of the men of Britain, wai linded to get round tlie mountain Mfbere the eople of the provinces were cncampedf And |omc upon them unawares. 13. And as they were on their way, lo ! seno' |f the chief men of the army of Colufiihia were tlien captive ; and at the daWiiif^ of the daVf Unry gat up t» the hig^ place, « and the peoplo led before the army of the men ot Britain. 14. And. a certain captain who was a lord f fnd who filisghr under the banners of the great fanhedrim, eame up to the help of the peoplet ind itfteen hundred men followed after him. 15. Now theire was a bill about sixteen fbr* |ongs f^om the main camp of the people of th^ irovinees ; and this lord and the fifteen hundrei len that were with him, gat upon the hill ; an4 [be men ot* Britain were encamped opposite to Ihe hill. 16. And on the morning of the same day, the [Bessians,. who were the soldiers that the king; Britain bad hired of the German prine^t; md also the soldiers of tlie king dT BfitiUiif [moved towards the host of Ihe people of the ♦ Sir Htnry OUnton^ f liord SterKug* E B^ Jmirie^n Revolution^ pro?incei pri shoiited for the battle : and tlie name of the captain OYcr the Heuiani wai Be Hitoter; and Grant was captain oyer the men •f Britain. 17* And the battle vaxed hot, and the men behaved themselves valiantly ; but it eame to passy that Henry came nvith an army» and the people of the provinces yiere taken in an evil net ; for the armies of the king environed them round about, and they were chased to and fio as a patridge upon the mouniains* 18. Howbeity they fought with the men of Britain for the space of six hours, and the battle vras before and behind, and it was a sore eon- fliot ; and the number of the slain and the wounds edy and those who were taken captive, exceeded one thousand men : and the residue made their escape* 19. And the slain of the men of Britain, were about four hundred and fifty persons. 20. INow GeorgCf the chief captain of all the armies of Columbia, while tlie people of the provinces were warring with the host of Britain, passed over to the island, and the residue of the host followed after him. 21. And after he had gathered the host to- gether, he put his army in array and desired the battle, for he was encamped in a strong place ; but William, the chief captain of the host of J^ritain, knowing that George was a valiant man, and prudent in all matters relating to the war, he declined to go forth. 22. Nevertheless, he was minded to east np^ bank for a place of defence, and to annoy the people of the provinces who were occupied in the strong hold. •American BeooluHotu •• . ft 25. Anil Oeorgc peroeiving that (he chief gap- taio of (he host of Britain behaved himself wise- ly ; then he called a couneil of his ohief meOf and when they had eonsiilted together» the greater part of the eouRoil advised that the armj of the people of the provinces should depart from off the island. Si. And wlien it was night* the host moved towards the river^ and the soldiers gat into tii« boats that were prepared to carry them over the water. Now while the people were moving towards the river, the soldiers east in their minds what this should mean* and thouppht they were going against the host of Britain* For tlie ehief captains had Icopt the door of their lips eoncerning this thing; lest peradventure the Wemy should hear thereof and pursue after them* 25. And it eame to (lass, that while the people of the provinces were waiting to be ferried ever the river, lo ! the North East wind spt*ang up^ so tliat the boats could not pass : 36. But about the eleventh hour of the night the wind eeased* and there was a calm ; and afterwai*d the South wind arose* and then the people passed over^ and gat sai'e to the other side. 27. Howbelt* t!ie dawning of the day appeared before all the people had |iassed over. And about the sixth hour* there was a thick mist over the whole island* that hid the people of the provinces from their enemies. And there was a great deliverance wrought that day. 28. And Thomas, * a ohief captain* and one of the princes of the provinces* was in the rear gusurd of the host when they passed the river; * Geatral Mifflin « ^i Jlmritqn Ep^olulion* and he brought the mea who were with hiiii^ safe io IhikI. ' 29» And when the pe^opTe of the provinees hnd Ul gotten i^ife orer to the other ilde^ the mist oieared awajr. And the host of Britain wcie )U^nt#hed out of nieasure» when ihej sayr ifu^t like pedple of the provinces w^re fled! . CHAP. XV. Tll« eoniinitsioiicrf dtclnre their pciwtr for lettlUig the d U plat ^tutoiiting between Greet Britain and ihe Co- N. OW when the host «r the people of the provinoes had fretten safb ever the riverf the ejhief captain of the navj of the king of Bp}(ajn» deputed Jt^n^ # whom he hnd Isiken captive on Ihe.isfandy to go with a message to the great Hanhedrim. -' c ^ 2. And the words that he pnt In Kis moalhi were on this wise : ** That* inasmueh, as the king of Britain, in his prlnceljr wiajtiom, had appointed hrm. and his brother hi« depnlietf} to communiGate his royal will and pleas^iref eon- x'erning tlie people of the {>roviace«. d. « it theietorey behoveth the Sanhedri«i» to send soiiie , of their wise men. to eonsult about Uie aW^ of tho provinee, before the sword of his wrafh is uDslioathed." 4. Then Mm took his way to the Sairhedrim) ami rehearsed all those word» la the eai?» of the priuees of the provinces. "* General Sulttvsn, Jfnwriean* HholiUlani 58 B. And after tliroe daj8» the great Sanhedrim lent an aniwer by John unto Che kintr's deputy ; •i^nifyingLunta-hinir that they would do at he desired. 6* And at »eop¥enient time», they sent three of the princes of the provinces : namely^ Heii* jamUif J<9hn and Edward ;. * who went forth to eommtinc with the king's deputy ; and tiiey went over to a certain i»landr and the deputy eom^ muned witli (hem tlierob 7. Now the princes of the* provinces*, were^ s^viHl to hetir> and slow to speuk.; and when any words fell from the mouth of the chief oaptainf they treasured them up in their mindf that they ' might make a truexeport thereof,, to- the ^eat 9anhele of the profinees require* iO. For verily,, be spake words which were not convenient to' be beaiiilj and the interpreta* lion thereof is- on this wise :: ll» tliat if the peO[iW- of the ppovinees, wilt shey the kingV eomoNuidmeiits inr^ all «^Dr« Pranklia^ John Adams andt^df#«rd (luttebi)^ H mUmei^^Bewomkm. iliftn they shall be reeeived into his roynl faror ; and (he sceptre of hismercj shall be extended towards them: their tran^ressions shaH be wiped from his remenibranee forerer ! and the iniquity of their rebellion shall not rise up a- Ifainst them ! 12. No^y although the princes of the pi<6- irtneet expei$ted nothing from the eomnoiunieation Hrlfll the king's deputy; neirerthelessi fiir the sake of some weak brethren^ they consented theireto. •* Then I said in my heart. Surely they that expect nothing, shall never be^ disap- pointed*^ » ~ > 18. And the war raged with {^atfl^le^ee In the land of Columbia ; and many houses in the borders thereof were left desolate, great iind fa#, without an inhabitant | the fields were lihodeiipled, and the flocks and the herds were i^ttt oflT from their pasture ! 14. The widows and the fatherless were mul- tiplied ! and the sword devoured the young men ! it was a day of deep distress ! fear and dismay dovere4 the faces of the busbandmen ! and tha joy of harvest was turned into mourning ! ' ^ ' 19. Young children asked for bread, and no llian break it unto them — they said to tlieir mothers, When will our father return — when shall we see the face of our fother ?-— They looked through the latiiee-^they saw not him whom their souls desired ! 16. Alas ! he will never return! — ^the eye that iialh seen him shall see him no more!<^he is l^one down to tfie stones of the pit--^he fell by llie band Qf the enemy— -the sword of the war- rior pierced him through — the sorrows of death tncempassed him round about ! i|ii»^ai||%^oIttttoft. .B9 17. Teli it not in Lud I publish it not in the streets thereof, lest the daughters of Albion re- joiee ! lest the daijf hters of Britain triumph 1 : 18* Let not thy soul, be cast down lor these things, O nanl To die is the common lot of humanitjy the great birth-right of the soas^^of aikdam! - . "^j .19. Therefore, if while thou art stmiggjiing through the ocean, of t^s world* roagjfai^ storms ai|d o6ntrary blasts alal^m tlijr fears, yet re- member the voyage is shorty and the danger will soon be oyer ! . 20. And, although the clouds maj gather blaekness, and thou may est be enyelloped iuthe thick mists of eoiit'iision ; yet be assiirpdV that if thy feet keep in the high way af virtue, brighter scenes will yet cheer thy sights an4 more serene prospeois will delight, and aniulsite thy soul. %i. And is it not written in the bool^ of Sdlo- moil, nearly on this %{lse? That the path of the ^1 man, like the luminous orb which enli^ht- eneth our hemispliore, stiioes with increasing refulgeney, splendor and brightness^ until it arrive to the meridian altitude of a glorioii» perfeet day ! V#» ''».|< , k Ur5i.L V < »** 1 ;.. m Jbneriean Beoolufiou, CHAR XVf. The American officers conclude to .evacuate New^Vork*^ T^e battle at the- Wiitte- Ptaint^Foit Washington t£l^n* N. O W Uie host encamped in the ehM city ^ of tiie iir to another place*. 2. Ne vertiieless,. tliey strengthened* them selve s fai the^towA-r ^nd (bast up places of defevce, that* thejr might antpoy the^army of the k4ng. of B^'- ft^H^ from, thence* 3* Now the city was built upon an island^ and' tw^ve thousand men encamped on t^e^orth of Hie island^ ami four thous^^nd remained in the^ ci^y, and the residue .^f the host occu|Hed. the tntermeuiate spaoe. 4. And WiUiamf^ ehief oaptakr of the host «f Brilaifl# having gotten air things in ren pass, that some 9)t fbe armj of BriUin oame out against the men who liad o^ered themselves^ and the ofiptain of the men of Britain who oame out» viBti Le$lie $ and the names of the captains of tiie people who^ ha'l offered themselves* were Knowlton aiid Leitch* $& And the mei| bdhaved tbemsd^ves valiantly^ and drove the emrmy &om the fteld of battle : notwithstaodlttg* Kn0wlt0n, the oaptaki* was slaioy and the other eaptaia was wounded ; ami the men gat g^r^at he«ior> and their transgressions, wjfire bitted out forever* from the rememb?anoe tf the chief captain* 9. Now when the army of Britain had gptten ijiit# the city*: and had taken possession tiiereof ; Ic eame to pass» a^er a few days* that a fire^ waa kiAdled In the eity* whVeh burned with ^reat ^iolenee : and the numhei* of the honses that were eoosumed by the Are* was about one thou* sand* ^0. And it wa9 so* that after the host of tlie pei(^ple of the proviiieet had departed out of tlie eity ; they joarneyed forwards, and pitehed their eamp in the North end of th^ island. ti. Then William thought to enoofmrpass the host of the people of the provinces round abtmt ; and ho seat a largie company* who took their 59 Jimtrican JEUvolution. way through a certain place called Hell-Gate; and they landed on Frogs-Neek. 13. And it came to pass, th^t a chief captain Hfho had revohed from the king of Britaint re* turned from the province of the Sou thy after he had been warring with Peter and Henfyf uid the •ur-name of the captain was Lee; hc^as a^ iii%lity'man of vaIor> and well skilled iiifwar. 14*' Now the chief ^n of the host of thai peoiite of lUe provincli communed togetlier li and the greater part of the council was for aliid- *ing on the island, but the captain who- had re- Tolted fi*Om the king of Britain^ thought it not prudent to abide there. 14. ife had the tongue of the leameil, and he disputed with the captains of the host^ and (he wdrds tliat he spake, were words of wisdom that could not be gainsayed ; and the chiet' men hearkened to the words of his mouth. iB, Now tjliere was a strong hold ♦ on the island that was oeuupied by the people of itih provkiees : and it was called atlep the name of llie chief captain ; and Xaihanid f advised that it should be kept for a place of deience ; but the other captain :^ was not consenting tiierelo. 16. And it came to pass after six days, that the host of Britain departed ft'om Frogs-iNeck, and as they wero journeying on their wav, many of them were slain by the people $ of the - pro- A'incesy who shot at them from behiad a wa&; * Fort Washington, f General Greene. ^ General Lee. f lt9t*i dWision. >♦ •» •ioMncon nevolution. i New.Rochdale, and t,^t .r*"'.".'" ?'«««' calleS* the Wblie-Plalo,. ""'^ ""» "'S^way lowardf mj' into aprav o„!f !? P™»«oce8, put »h- ™ eular tongue Eaa-CbesS"' '^k"'^ *» «'« ^ei^a' . *9. Antf it eami> #« „ host of ,he kiS rf Br^"' """ •«"ne of the of the iMsopIe feu doW 8iy,K* ""'^ ""'"J latiag to war: p|ac«I tull ."* *" matteps re- of being chief captain^Jl. ^".'"' *" '^ortl J but »7ttwm, captaii if^f ! ''""*•' 'be battfe^ %ed to go forTlnd .uiTeS k' f B'^'««/d^' i»opJe of the provSs. ""^ '"' ^'^ "Po« the 21. Then the arniT aF th^^ . of the North coaarrv ; an.Hi. "**♦ oometh out firo»inoe of Jersey „!„k '"'^ «»"»« into the «a"ed after the nanle J^, ""'« » «"»■»« hoW "volted fro« the S^"*Afff "' ^ *^« bH* ♦ North Rivtr. , f Fort Lee. 00 Ameriean MecoluliBH. > 22. Now after the liost of the people of the j)rovince8 hail left the islantl, on which the eliSef city of the province was built; WUUaniy th^* diief captain of the aiinies of Britain/ went ' against the stronghold, ^ that was on the island: ROW there were three thousand fighting men in the hold ; and the name of the chief eaptain in tlie hold was Jlf(f^a«'* ,23. And the army of the king of Britain came against the hohl, in four eonipanies, the first cofi^pany eame to the North of the hold, and Ihey were soldiers who »ere hired of the Ger- man princes, and their chief captain was named KnijihanBen ; and another company came up a- gainst tl^ £a8t side thereof, and .the name of, die eaptain was Matheivs, and he was helped by a certain Lord f of the reaV-^ of Britain. ^ 24. And tlie third company had a captain whose name was Sterlings and Pierctff who was' also a Ioi*d of Britain, was captaiu of the fourth company* Now as the tirst company Was going^a-; gainst tbe hold, some of the people of the firo- vincC were in a thick forest, and as the soidiers were on their way to the hold, they were shot at by the people who were in the forest, and they were sore galled thereby. 25. Not withstanding the army of the king of Britain pressed upon the garrison on every side^ and the people that were in the liold were hard beset ; and after communing togetlrer for some time the hold was given up to the servants of the king of Britain. And the men of the pae*^^ risen were all made captives. ^ * Fort Washinifkoa. f Cornwallts. •American 'Stvolulion^ 61 26i And tbe munber of the eaptiYei ^ras two thpimuid and seveB hundred ; ana the j^jn and ivouaded of the men of Britain were about Iwelvp hundred persons* >. ■» CHAP. XVII. '"*t''?V Fort Lee evacuAted by the Ameficaat—liie MifitU desert ' in greet numbers— General Wash ingtott ' ktrettf tiirough , the Jerseys. V .x3l NO it came to pass^ Wit after the host of Britain had tak^itie sii^ong hold #llh ttie gar^ rison the|g|ii|^ tIJBj were like men refreshed with new ^h^f"'': j^J^MLmrA^ of the kingdoin of 9ritalii i^o 11^ a ellief eaptain In the host^ he was a^ss^ governor of tlie tower otJjMif and had vast jios-^ sessions in the bland of Britain ; he went forth ai^nst another strong liold f that was in the border, of tHe {Hrovinee of Jersey. 5; Now tlie men whu were In the hold, when i^y weri^ told, that tlie governor of die tower of £tid was coming against them, they proMntly diepartedj and moved to another piase. And tiui^y-lefi all the destroying engines that were tlMrein» for a spoil to the host of Britain ; fbr T^^ they were in ha^e to he gone* 4. Now there were many in the host of Co^ hitthBif who were not used to the fisUipiei.^ *>Nli * C 13* He was a worthy man* wtHt-'Mf^ oxcelleot law-giver ; monsover he was a ^fisisor of (bat light whieh Jofta .spake of ht the bookof tbe Gospel, oQto f hieh If a man tf^ko heed a« unto a sure guides Ik will lead hiin out of all error into aU:l|^t|ir| iifid ftnaily «onda^^ hini to the .f^lits of' tMi^otnhle life! whece new spiin^es 1^ And d(Ht^h fioswered ihe chief eaptain and saldy ICnow thou of a truMi that if the lot«er parts of the provinee suhniit to the king of Brl- tain, then the back parts thereof will do sp in like iiuMiaer. , ^i. J^'hen Geov^9 the eluef oaptain» furtb^r- inot*e spake and said; We will journey onwards W.Ihe province of Virginia, to the eouniy of Atigosta f aild lot if we ^re driven f|*oin th^peo, we' will pi^ss otcr the mouatala^ of AtMc^^bany* * Colond Reed» '^ 64 Ameritan JSfroiu(/ofi. 41 h CHAP. XVIII. General Howe Mtodt foHJ^ a Proftltmalton— mtny tilic i)it benefit thereof, and make their peace. N, OW wlien the eaptain of the host of Bri- Ifili knew of » oortaintj, that the people of the jj^Tiflees were sea^ered away fW>m George f the eliii!)f etfptaiiiy he was lifted up in his miod and saM'wiNbitt himself, ll/Iioy DiMir these people will assaredl^ return bacl( agaiiif j|ipd serve the king of Britain; our warfare isjMi^ly aecomplished ; the liandaof the eighty Eiftii| down ; fear hath overtaken the warriors ; the/ will rise no more % they are as ther^ed that girowefti by the ^e of tlie rivers, whieh bowetk down to the earth at every blast ! . 3. Boast not O migfity man ! ITIie people whom thou scornest are afflicted, knt not for- saken ; ther will return in an hour wken thou lookest not for them; they will eome upon thee vnawares, and lay thy glory in the dust. ^ And it eame to pass, that the ehief eaptain and his brother, who were the king's deputies, sent letters into every province, warning the people to return,, and serve the king of Bt*ltain as in days past. £. Moreover it was written in the l6tte^, T^flit if within three seore days, any of the peo- ple presented themsefves befbre the ehief captain of the host, or the king's governors, and signed a certain writing, then they woci|4'do well^ and should partake of the king^s merey, and their otfencea should be remembered (o them no nfiiiref 6. And the great Sanhedrun were comm:i{rded to assemble no more together | but to return aiid ■••'^ Jimeriean Beoolutian. •& make (heir peaoe #liile the door of merejr was yet open. 7» And there were ranny mho * jjirk cned to the words that were written in the iflp^s of the kJ4tg*s deputies* and theT^jj^took oMIe ofl*clred mcroy^ and signed tbeij^^Hll^ to the wril^il papetv pr a. Now many of thoiHr wlio signed their mitoet to the paper, had appeared vei*j assaVou* against the k\n^ of Britartiv ami had stirred^ u{> the peo- ple to oppose the decree of the Icrnjg. f and mo|*e- ' oyer they vilified the name of the ehfef eonn- sellor of the kingdom.. 9. l^tey wore unstahle ui all' their ways: their zeal wi||> a? the dew of tlie morniDg* which eoM missed* away I iO. Ni^ v%0 se^> 1o!. their . hearto^ failed them ! and like the' grass upon, the* house top, they sooti; withered away f: ii« Nevertheless there were some who maiii^ ttdiied. ilkeiir iotegrityy and were as the strong^ F 2. N « * 66 Jtiiufhan BtwriMfoft. ottk» in tke foKBftt of GolltaibiA^ .u%i fbareCti pot tbe windy stnrin and tempest. 45. TM^ MHIrod afler the elilef enptain : the woiXqir bit JBOutii were at a law in their hearts; IRdthe to eaeh other« advertitj endeared Ihem CHAP. XIX. * .' ' - The AmtrieM wng^ mrenk o?er the Dalawftrer-GfliMml Lee c&ptured^-The Hestliins Uken 9k Trenton*- Tbe battle of Saapinls BiJIjAge. jOLnO H was so, 4hilt aft fibi^* the ehlet e^iptain, was passing throoffh tte ^Tinoe of Jersey, that the host of the klii||; nf Bi^Ualn fol- l<)iwed hard after him. %* Xow Ihere was a river;* whi^h d|iTldefl t)ie proviiice of PennsylTania ^ it was a might jt stream^ and extended from l>eyonil the* Blue mounlalas of Columbia, even to the Atla^n^io sea."' S. It was a fair haven for the ships of the merohants, who did business on great waters* they sent the wares of Columbia to the Norths aM to the South, to the East^ and to the Weitt and traflleked whh the merebants afar olT* 4* Ami George, the chief captain, and tbe mei| who fbllowed after him, passed over i\m river and they were chalM in their minds, as a bear robbed of her young. 5. Now tlie men of Britain rejoieeil with ex?* ecedin^ great jo;|r, inasmiieh as they tboogbt Jiimrhtm ReooUMbn. tf ain : Iheir lllORI chief ice ef in fol- Wiflal liglity^ Blue antie the kterst [orlh» ^eit» the tlia eii^ the arm J af the peei^e of the {Nroviacei weirid come agaiatt thcnn ne more* 6. Aad It eame to past afiioml this tiiiic» that Isetf tlie captaiii» who ' had pefelldl ftma the kin^ ef Britain^* waylakei| tapttf^ bf tome of the toldicrt of the klng^ of J^kpin. '^'^ 7. And when the peopjc ofcRe profinccf heard thcieofy they were drscomllftedt for he^wat a mi^tv man of vaIor» and feaiM ait» neither regarded he the fhee of any man ; and the peo- pie thotigiit he Bcoreliy Ineilmd to fpo hack to the king bis matter. 8. Now the hott'of Britain eccttpied the towns in the province of Jcrsei^y and they walked to and f^o therein^ ' and lliere wore none to make them afrakl.^ 90 And ienahi sOnsofBe1ial» in the ho<9t of Britaint went forth ft*om llle camp lo the cot- taiKCS of Uie hnsbandniieit : and they saw the danglitors of the lawiy that tliey were falr^ and wit&l of a lieaatifui coii?teaani9e^ 10. Tfiey were not restrained by the law ef tlie chief captain* they did those things which are not seemly to l>e mentioned* nor shall the pea of the scribe record llieir cruel acts* lest the tears of the violated virgin should l>e mtil^ tIpHcd whca she rememberi the day of herbu- Billlationf ±\, New in this time of deep distress* when ihe host of tlie king of Britain appeared ready to overrun the whole land* the great Sanhedrim oi the people expostulated with tbeir bretbreo^ 12» And 7^ma«9 * one of the priaceo of the provinces*, and a cltizsen of no mean city* f * GBBfTil 30ffltn. i ?lMl»deIeM9. V ■V ill ||«1 |||ffii mSm ^fllHI i 1 ^Pi i|ffl|i ll^Pi ;t;.Vlt.l?1-.;;^ r. (f8 , •/Imertcan ttecoluiton. He 9ptike to iHeiff Ih-tlie lahj^tHige of love» aod til© 'moviii; ^ *«*», lips^ rtii^eil theii^ spfrKs. 15^. No\v 1!VM^ti9^ ^11^9 beloved^ tbe profile ; (he words #hl»iti^tit9i #ef*e fts sfmwers of^ i«ifti ?Oii tfie i)iii^g^ gppaid in t^io niid^ of oomtnor; iiiey Vf*e tefrcwPl j: tlicy #epo amliifttod; they ibofftid foir the baitle; l*.*\yi»0fiheN^ wiui Ii lomi * In the ^ifVinee v«f Jeroc^V «n the lioiilfrps of the liver^ aiid It was oeeuy^ie4 bj the Hossians who wel*e hired of the German princes, and the river wa^ betweon Ibem amlt ibo people of the [irovinjces.. 1^^ And tb^ Waters of this riv;er%cre frOzea, and tbeve was alitindanee of }j^^^ ami Geof^ey the chief captain of the army of €bhi:N|liiai cast; fii his mindy how he slionid oiretuii¥€^ ftve-men of Britaiiiy. and b^' what device he should brjng down the towering liopea^of tlie enemy*. 16. Anditwa^so^ that after be had counsel- led with the chief me 'j who were ahoiit? bim, he divided the army of Colamhia into- two .bands, and the^ passed o¥oi? the river wb^le it was yot «igH>. 17. And the first company was eommaiided h^Johnf fand J^athaniel ^ eomm«Uideok "(> of water be- tween the. tw|»arniies«/ ,21. Ar|d pere w&s a high place east up ovep tlje llrfi»|;^ifor way •faring menf who passed that way: it was built up with hewn stone, and the inhabitants of the land eailcd it a bridge^ the itt^ ihereof was Sanpink. ' ^ : 2^2. AiMl.fhe people of the proyin^s - plante when tfiey bftff KintflicI ttteir Ih^s^ seta watoh, and betook theins(dlr#tO rest. 2. Bni Georgef cfiief captaiil of (be host of the people of tbe provinces, snifere^l not hvs eves to stWfi; and be gathered the captain»t^of the host itdgetii^i^; ;^., And^bc! eomiaiined witfi Uj^em on this wiscy and said, know ye not J fiat the rear guard of |be host of Britain lieth en^am^dat Princeton ? let us therefore depart while it is yet ^ig;litf tbat we come upon them while tbfeir eyes arc ''j!^ heavy with sleep. ' n% 4. Furthermo^e, he spake and said, X^tev^fy . irian of (he host be ready with his weapons of w^ in his hands* and let the destroying en- gines go out of llie etLn\[h and let certain men stay behind to kindle tiie fires, tliat tlie men of Britain rn ay be deceived thereby. 5. And it was so, that when all things were ready, tbe host of Columbia moved fprw^rds^ and the men who werf left behiml, ,kiiMlieti up tbe tires in the front of (be eamp; and tUe wateb^ inen in the lK>st of Bri(ain, verily lhaiNgli4|^t the people of the provinees wei^ taking M^ rest in sleep. 6. Now as the host of tfie people of tlie pro- vinces drew nigh unto tbe town^. ^^^y ^^<'^ W •Hmerlean Eefoolution. n ir«r great h iH^ ir tliem* en they I betook host of not hVs ^taia»t^f tiiswise, guatfi of rincetoti ? ight, Vh^at arib _ t f!v<^^y capons of >yt»»S ^^' [mill vk^^ mea of lugs were irwAffhi I up ^6 tlie f ro- »y were 6»pied by some of the soldiers of the king of Brilaioy vrho were journeying towards their brethren that were eoeamped at the bridge of Sanpink. 7. And when they perceived that the people of the provinces were journeying forwai*d8» th^y. let in a jealousy that evil was intended against their brethren in the town : tiierefore they sent, a messenger with tidings ^bereof. 8. Now it was about the dawning of the day^ when Gedrge, the chief captain, drew nigh unto 0ie town ; and when the soldiers who were the servants of the king of Britain, saw the people of the provinces, they rushed out of the town to meet the ai'med men; 9. And the centre of the host of Colombia could not withstand the impetuosity of the sohiiers of Britain, but gave way and were eon- fused. 10. And when ^he chief cap^air^ saw the men giving place to the sokiiet i of ii;ituti?« ho bast* ened foncai ds, and place^J hiuiself between the host of the' people of thr y|fie of the provinces, 12. And many of the people of the province of Jersey were in the battle, and behaved them- •olvet valiancy : and OcorgCf the chief eaptaiOy was in great jeopardy; neverthetesB, lie re- oeived no harm* U. And U^ meo; of Mnisin iM. to a eerCaHf StU,.r! ■^u American BevoluHom^ buydlrigt where ebildren were favglit ftfler tlie pe^Te^i mamier of^lie law of their fathers: mo^fiver they were taught to speak in ioreign fon^ilies ! anil to cut curious figures on pajier ! and tftere were aho same stargazers amongst ^ta ! Noir the building was oalled a eollege. 14»« Ai|d the balls of tite destro^rinsi^ engines smote dgftiiilt the walls thereof; and the fear of Georgtf the chief eaptain* fell upon the meb of Brifainy and they came forth, and delivered themselves fo to be captives to the people of the provinces. ib. Now the >ilain of tbe men of Britain were about thr^e score persons ; and three hundred men were taken captive. ;. 16. And lb ere fell of the people of tbe pro- vinces,' three captains and so aie others. More- over a chief captain whose name was Mercer^ was slain. 17. He was a worthy man, and came from the land ofCalidonia, to sojourn with the people ot tbe provinit:e8 ; and he fought under the baa*- iiers of the greai Sanhedrim. 18. Now the army of Britain, on the morn- ing of the same day, prepared to assault tht camp of the people of the provlKces, (br Ihejf wist not that the people were departed. /^'ii. And lo! when tliey di*ew nigh unto fhe' «»amp9 there was no man there ! and they weris amazed beyond measure ! Now they had beard the noise of the destroying engifl«m ; aad they laid. It thundered ; nMwithstaiiding It wa* winter. 90. And while they were musing eoneentkig tbese thinjs^ behiikS a Bibssenger came ruut^g . » ibers ; orc'tgn BOUgSt ege. mgines fear of meti of livered sople of in were be p^N- JMctcer, ^^ /- ■ ie from people Ike banr morn* IttH tlie ir U»ey inloffee' -y l?eri5 [l beard tbey iH waft sermng •Imirtcim JKfvoZiiftoii* M w- aloQ^ tbe b^bway of the eooatry^ and be bad tidings ki bis moutb, 21. And be report^ all tbe tlfings wbicli Getn'ge, ibe obief eaptaiiiy bad done; and hfiviK tbat tbe terrants orN^be king were gwne into eapthityy and bmmc w^re slain in the uiida ! 22» Nov wbea tbe bost of the king of BritaiSf beard tbese tbingsy tbe peo^e were s*re annaedf and they gaped on the messenger wM their mouths, ^r thej wist not what tkf^ did^ for thej' were astonished out of nieasttre ! CHAE XXI- Tht British Army retreat to BruntviHck— Skirmishes wUb small parties^ A Ifl> it came to pasaty that Ihe host of tbe' king of Britain, fled to a certain town "(^ in the province of Jersey, whieh was nigh unto the w^B^r^ty and they oai*ed not to go forth far iiit^ the countryy lest tbe people of the pE^ovinees- should get between tbem and tbe ships of the' king of Britain^ 2, Nevertheless, a certain' captain, with bis fifty men went out of the camp, and were made captives b^She people of die provinces. They came from tnb river Rhine, and were callea Waidcekersk 3« Now, as some of the mcil of Britain were foillgiRg in the province of Jersey, a certaia ♦ New* Br^ims wick* 1 1 ' n f^ •imerican lEieo6lullon» -^ 'mfm 'M <>'»1 nil ;fi •H,r-- eiptaki of the people of the j^irovinces ciame upon tbenif and the men Qf firitain iSed: howMt^ Aiile of them were slain. 16 And the captain^ whose sur-name was JDicMman9 and the men who followed after htm IQat much spoil : for the men of Bi'ltain had left t^eir e^Tiages and their horses, laden with abundane^ of food and eloalhing ! S.JFmt ihej had rohbed the threshing floors of tbe hnsbandmen, iind had taken vast stotes of swine's ilesh, and iloeks and herds in abund- ance! > , ^^ 6. Now it wat common in those days for the jpeople of Columbiar dM and yoiingy to eat swinlb^s fleshy yea the members would gi?e It to their children^ and it was reported tmit some eat l4 even on the Sabbath day ! 7. Thus the fountain of life beeame eoiMpMt and the inhabitants were diseasf^ thrduji^ ^e abundant use thereof*, Nevertheless, the flesh was lawful to bp eaten in like manner as the iiesh '<4 other fed beasts* 8/ Moreover, many of the peopk of tbe land irsLnk of the strong waters * of JEkirliadoes, that liusned like Are, and refused the sweet waters of the brook thvl were designed for the universal beverage of :%11 nation '>. ^9. And ;ht hundred barrels^ and two. thousand bushels of corn; and tents for the soldiers, one thousand seven hundred* !r. Now while the governor and the two thou-*- sand men, were busily employed in the town». three chief captaimr ^'^'^'d^ ^ Benedict and SiUiman, colle|^ed jionne hundreds of the peopje of the provinces together. .9. And the menr hastened after the three cap- minSf and tl^y journeyed about twelve score fiii^lonigs ; and tbev were very weary j notwith- stamling, they feU upon the men of Britain w shot at himy and slew him there^ and theii made his escape. i4« And h came to pass, after tkls^ ^hat the S»Tenior j^lMfnejed onwards ; and the people of e prorlneet fhllowed after him until the men of Britain gait into the ships that waited for them at an apQ^o^ted place. 1^. Now m^H were slain and taken captive of the mett who Ibllowed after the govemop» belwecn two and three hundred persons* id. And there fell of the people of the pro* Tinees» about twenty men, and ahoul fortj were x^ounded. And a certain doctor was ^atOf "wheif iiajne was .illt^ater. ^ • - h;^^ ^ irr. J9av/d was also among^stthe 8lam» and i/he pvinees of the provinces made a deereOi. that a monument should be set up a» a memorial of th^iraltant acts that he had donew M^« ^ ^ ^tS. Moreover the great Sanhedrim hoiioredf Bertedict with greaf honors and gave Mns a horse^ decked out f9r the ivarw '^!?;t : 19. Pnrtherroore» th^ great Sanhedrim honor- ed a ecrtaht captain whose sur-name was ilf(pi|f«i| and ji^ve hi'm a sword of onribus workman^ip^ insi^iiteh us he went ^rth and humed the 8hi{Ni 4»rt^ king of Bi*itahi» and took captive» Hmr s«ore ami ten periBons ; and- the nuauber ef;llio» ships that he burned, was twelve hesldefiW^ »maU oriQg* /i ^ witb the evil ease* nd wUh fta mt rf th€r lere, w^ , thftt the & people of I the men waited for ken eapli ve ) govemoPf inB» of thepro- ; forty were iain^ i¥he^^ slani» »n* jcpee^ that leniopial ef ^ve hiin ^ IpfteliaiHiP- ^r1tmaB8hip» -i4 the shipf ive> ftMtr er efiii^ |hesideit^« CHAP. XXIII. ^«» l^yoeuvres of General Hcwe frustrated —The BrkUh Mrmy fo on baard thek ships— l^y Uiid al the (lead of ;ik.. K O W the host of the people of the provinees pttohed their camp a^ iVliddl^'-Qpopkf In Che provinoe of Jersejy a. itrengthl»iMidttieaiiielvefi. there. fL XnAWillianh. chief eaptaia of the host of the king of Britaioy oanie forth out of the town where he had sinourned during the winter $ and the van guard of the host 4|f&*italn extended to a certain house * where the judges of the land were use^l to administer to the people. 3. Howbeltf they soon returne^t to- the plaoe lit^m whence they eamey iniisinueh as tliey wer& informed tfiat the people of the province oi ievney, wei*e united wHh GeorgCf the ehjef cap*^ tain^ and were come out against them^ even a ieij great multitude^ A*. For the husbandmen hail left the- care of tteti^ floefcs to the lads of their household ; and they thirsted after revenge> inasmuch a» the men of the host of Britain had deceived thenu 5. F'or^'it was so^ tliat when the armj ofB^K tatn was pursuing after the host of Columbia^ that IVnUam^ the chief captain, spake smootl^ words unto them* and gave themapaper, where- in it was writteOf that all those who demeaned themselves peaoeably should not come to anj hi|t*ui ekhei^n their persons or possessitNiSy and Ihis paper was called a proteetioa*. It,' ^ ,>«. V J- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ^^ tii u m I.I IS 1*0 2.2 2.0 11.25 W <4 1 1-6 FhotografM: Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WIBSTIR,N.Y. 145M (716) •72-4503 Jh >J^ ^^^ ^ ^ v «* frJ^ 4^ \ ^ o^ SQ Ameriean BefooJnliow. '■■ 6. NeyeribeleiB the soldiers regarded not the written paper^ but did as they listed, and they spoiled the people ; and when any of the iulia>-v bitants of the provinces complained th^feof to WilUf$mf the chief captain^ he turned a deaf ear to tbe cries of the people. Y^. Andy if at any time he rebuked the soldiers for these things, his i*eproofs wore liice the re* proofs sjf fill to his s^its, saying, ^ Why do ye Bueh thingSt lor I hear of all your evil doings, with this peoptef nay, verily , but you do wrong* and |t is not a good report that I hear concern- ing you., Thus rf^iaoned he with the men of war^ but he restrained them not. 8« And the host of Bviiafn again eame forih^ and Wiiliam trusting in the men erf war, I>ut his. arnny in arra^ : but ffef^r^e, tlieeiilef captain of Coiu mbia, thought it would npt be e2Lp|idieii| to go forth ta Uie battle : so the host of Jlu)^ people of the provinces remained in the camp^ find went not out» 9. Now when H^ifliamsaw that the people were not inclined to come forth, he turned himself about| and made as thougph. he Hed from, the people. i?hen, seme of the people who were with £feor^^ followed after the host of Britain. , 10. And IViUiam, thinking he had gained his purpose, suddenly turned himself about :. noM( George, the chief captain of the armle» of Cor tumbia, also moved forwards j: and the residue of ttie host followed after him to (^uibb!e-Tow■^ in the province of Jersey* 11. And when he perceived it was only «,«lli- sing decree of fFiiltam^ the <^ief obtain of the host of Britain, he delayed to go forth Vlfie battle i but strengthenefl iiiiMelf la. ikai plane. '^ -> ^ •Aherican ltevt}iiUi0n» n Che they ttha^ of to deaf diers e PC- ioye oiiigs. pongf cerii- en o^ forih^ lit bis. Ain of isdiei^ )f t!iq A> (fthe liie -firi 'It. So the devices of tfie crafity were Ujid i!^§te» 90 that they oouid Wot porforin ihejr en- terprise. 13. Now when the oKief eaptain of 't|ieliM •f Britain, knev^ of a oerUtal^ that If w1|lli|be attended with great Jeopardy, and the Hiii Vt. maiqr of the lives of the Servants of the t^ of Brllahiy should they force their wt^ tttMiigh jthir pibvixtee of Jersey. ^ /^ 14. Therefor, seeing these tttio^ Were 80« be put his sddiei^ into tile tall shii^t of the king of Britain, and the number of the men whc» were put into the'^hips, w«p*e fixteea thoiHiand persons. . 15. Now Geor^i^ the f^ief eaptalnf^ ' t^Od the prineipal men of the hi^tii mated ij thehr minds wim this should mean, and some said one thlns^t and sMtlh^iiolher. And there were divers ojT- ttilMii, for the dark elouds of uneertalnty over- shadoKred the derieei of frjOram/ the ehief Captain. lilr.'Ai^ after muoh eonjeeture, and twenty days were passed, after that the host of Britain bad gloae into the ships, lo ! it was reported to tlv^ diief eaptain of the people of the^rovinoes, that tile men of Britain were landed at a eettaln plaee sailed the Head of Klk, in the prorinee of Marylai|d. > 17r Then the host of the people of the pro- vinces hastened forwards to meet the army of Britain. Now there were but about eiglit thou* sand O^hting men that were able to go out to war with Georgei the cUiel* captain. 18. J^nd there were with WiUiamt captain of th# host of Britain, sixteen thousand valiant msa, prepared with all instruments for^war. ! , I Am^^UH Bii0^M9§4 -■.' i9. Noir William thought within himtelft iliat Jf he saflfered the soldiers to spoil (he in- liabitants io like manner as they hail done in the trbvipee of Jerseyt he should get to himself a loty ind his name woirid be had in execration irHt^the fieople. V W« IRe th^ seat forth written papefs to tki'iiriNfbteA oi the land ; and it was wr|ttei| thereiiirdpi^f at any time# any of thes(||diers ]|f thr ariilijr #r Britain, behaved th emsel ver uo* feiiiiily to any of the people* upon notice thereof to the obief eaplain» they should he punisb^* 21. , NevertheliiiliN (he soldiers gilid ^as they were Wont to do in (he protince of Jersey^ and the people desj^d William in^their hei^rt^ f in- asQiuehasti^bttl^g^^dii^f e^pfainy eould ^mp restrained the^iMMiers A-om doiiip^^)i.p|^j^ipg^ 22. And the ai^y of (he Mi9g'#l:^||^^ liioved Ibrwardft towards the chi^^eiijr^ 6f |n*ov(aee of Peoiiag^lvaaia ; aod. tliey tii^k (hem the destroying engines* but they left tlif^ir tent* mnd-^itfiat: part of tksir .stulT wiMi ;t^r •hip*r^^^-;--.-/-^:--- / ' ■;; ^ sa. AikI 6F^or^ the chief ei^taup^ and |be host of the people of (lie provinces, pHeh^ their camp nigh ^nto a ceriaioiVrdi t^ where there was a brook of water. .,_. , 2k<. And the host of Britain pilehed their ctt^p 4m the other side of (he brooks and b^tti armiea prepared for the baule. • Chadcl's FonL IC 10- inthe ^1f a ration 5|8 to Auen i tbcy g; m- I iiajirp r itpj*# wbere ■ . - '. r eai^p armiea iimiriean Eeoolutipu CHAP. XXit. 8S Battle of Brandj^wine near €h«dd's Ford — 3t'cceii(|i] on the part of the British. A ND about the dawning of the day tliearoij ^f (he kinfc of Britalpv moved^wardi the ^oot ^ the|>eo[ile of the piowinoeq, in Iw4i oomMmf ; ^* Theffrst company loUowed aftir the ea|i- ffilnr %}to.s6 ioi^namo; was Cornio|ii|^» and ho was governor st followed after him. 3. The oily was founded bj PenUf after the form of ancient Bali|lon ; thd streets thefof were fair and comely to behold ! her teerehauts lived like princes ! and her honorabl0 men were many in number! 4. The houses of the chief men of the city were lined with oedar, and tb^ beams and' rafters were of flr^ for the cedar and the Qp trees were in great abundance in the forests of Columbia ; and here was no need to ftend to Tyre and Sidon tor worliinen to hew the timber, for the men of Columbia were well sfcilfed in all such matters. d. Now the merchants sent every year, great store of the boards of the cedar and of the fir tree to the countries afar ofi^ and the merchants sold them at a eertain prtee, and tlie wealth of other nations came into the Ian J ^>f Columbia aa a flowing stream, t,^^ 6. And it was so, tkit'as Williamf the chief captaiuy entered into the city, niany of the in- habitanls came out to do him honor* 7. Now the great Sanhedrim had deputed Benjamin to go and make affinity with Lotas, the king of Gaul, that he. might send and help the people of the provinces against their mighty adversaries, the men of Britain. 8. For the kbg of Gaul and GtorgCf the king^ of Britain, were often at war with each other. And when Benjamin was told that William had taken the chief city of the pro?iuces> he answered and said f *i 88 timeriean JR^roliitiort. 9. Saj itot ye io >our hearts tliat IFZi/fam ImtK takep the o\ty, but rallier say thai the «ity hath tafcciD William ; Cor is he not hemmed in by Uie host of the |ieo|»le of the provineos on one ftide» and by the waters of the river on the other side I ip. Now Benjanin appeared as thou§*lr he re- mued nol these things $ artd it was so, that all {he people' lieard him gladly* and he was highly esteemed in the kingdom of Gauly and was oalled a philosophery which by intei*pretation signifieth a lover «if wi8dniL it. And it eame tdpass, after that WilUam% the ehief eaptain of the hoit of Britain^ had gotteil into the city* that GeorfCf the ehief cap* tain of the host of Columhlaf drew nigh unii^ the men of Britain who were encamped at Ger- mantown* 12. And FFflliain strengthened himself In the eityy and plaeed the destroying engines on the banks of the river» lest^ peradventure* the armed ships of Columbia should come and drive him fVom thence. 13. And it was so that while the servants of the king of Britain were doing these things^ one of the armed ships of Columbia came against the town* and the name of the ship* was called' after the name of the river. tifm And the destroying engines that were In the ship, discharged their tliunders upon the town : but it came to pass» * that when the tide went down» the ship ran upon the ground ; and the mariners who were therein, seeing that all hope of escaping wasgonct dQlivefQdthemselvea up to the menof BrUaitu / n BeoofuUan. •» 15. And the ship beoamo ^ prej; to the Hryantt f f the king of Britain^ aad the marioers weco yiaile oa|»lliret. id. Now while the men of Britahi were busied in the oii/t Oeorge, the ehlijf captain of the host of the peopie of the proirineesr ealled the ehielf ]pieip of the host to|$(^Ui«tr; ^7. Anil yrben iliejr f^m^ epmotinifMl »ipMiai|s^ ^mselye#» the grea^st pa|r^ ^viietlr that the hj9st sh^uM iiipye forw^iil» ^fvf ejjMit^l the iiie» 9f Qrit^Uiy yfho were eneaim»jef( iff the town. ts* Now the host of (polnpiiJiia had heei^ strongtliet^ed by the inhfkbiiifii,l» from the pro- vince pf y ir}|;inia9 and (rem Peek's Hill ; «^nd tj^e number of men wtio oao^ to the help of tti^ip brethren^ ipere twu thousand and fife hun* $». And ^hj^ the eliief captain h^ ordered t^j^ oe{t,t|^ the boftt 9^vcd forwards in several eompaniof::^ and the sun was Just risen upon tb& fMpjito ^Hen the ariiiy of the people of the pro- Kineep aj^aulted tiie men of Britain.. 9f), Ai|d wHen> f tie people of tUe pro^ii^ees f were j^^ing before t^ew cnj^n^ie^r ^he too(L fd^ij^ ttireet kundiTfi^ nieui; a^d ei^red i|nto the ftrong hopse^ hewn s(bonef ai^ *jt ij^ y^i7 s^ngO ■"»» •»• Bd^Mnin. Chtw, Esq* u% .£^ ;y>. to •vflltHMHl Bi0MNlli/MI« t^ And it WM fOf that the people of the pro- vinees halted when they eame to the house of JBenjaminf and they warred with the servant* of the king of Britam who were in the hOase. 98. N»w while tliey were busied about these thingSf JirtithanUl^ assaulted the armyofBrl- tain on the righty and the battle waxed hot* anil there were nmny who fell down slain that day ! t4. Aad another eaptain whose name wat Matthew§f tookeaptiTO of the host of Britain, three seove and ten persons. Howboit they were loosened fl*om their eaptlvltyy and the manner of their entargemont was on this wise ; 25. For lo t a giJBat mist arose, and the sua was darkened, and tde men appeered at a distance as trees walking; and MaUhewi wist not ta which company he was captain : and U eame i& pass, that the army of Britain environed hW round about,, and all his company, and the men he had taken captives. 26. Now there were many valiant acts dbne that day i nevertheless the hoa^ of the people of the provincea fted before the servanta of the k^ing of Britain. 27. And Comumll^ a ford, and a chiercap^ tain in the army of Britain, and several men* with him, pursued after the people of the pro- vinces, on swift horses^ ^ , 2S. Now the slain and wounded of the people of the provinces, and those who were taken eap« tjves, were about six huddred men : and there wrre slain, woumled and taken captive of the ]uen of Britain, about five hundred persons* ' iZ9. And there were two captains of the ^rniy ♦ General Grtent. •f mericoi^N R^oluHmf [iro- e of anil '^ Cm Uese BrU aii«l ay! wa« tain, were knner B sua tanctt: ^ ot te me to> I men d'one lie of the cap*- ineii> pro* ivvij Ifc, ft ofBiilaiBf tlain; the name of the Arit oaptain was tigntw^ and the aaine of the other wai Bird. SO. And there was alsa tlain ^ eaptain of the 1^ people of the pro? inoet» whose sur«namo wat JVtMAf and hit armor-bearer * fell with him* CHAP. XXYI. Operations agaihtt I'^brt Mifflin, on Mud-ltknd — ind Red'- Bulk — Thfl former finally evacuated by the Ameri- cant. N, OW there was a strong hold that was built on an island in the river*; U was oeeupied by the people o^ the provinces^ and it was called afler the naoEie 6f ThonuUf.] one of the princes of the pravinces.. S. There was also another strong hold ^ about four furlongt from tlie formery. and it was built .on a portion of ground that appertained untd JaniM^ he was an lu>norable inan,. and he had several sons and daughters ; and his sons were men of renown, and beloved of the people ; they dwelt in the province of Jersejr^ and the hoiit was nigh unto the river* ,. -_ 3. Now the people of the provinces haa laid!! impediments in. the way of tlie ships of the hing of Britain » so that they oould not get to the eity ;. and the host of Briiain< were sore troubled fer- eause of tliese things^ * Atddecamp Witberspoen^ f Fort^^ Mifflin, on Mud-Islands i lUdBank, rf- i*y'm ^M *-„ n •fififrtcatt Bnabdim^ ^.-.vl 4. And the yietuah and all the implementa the war that veve waaled in the ho8t«i thejr brought in eaiTiaget te the city, and the charge theicfif was great, and the arrival of the eaririages un* certain* 6. Then Ihe ^ief eaptam of the nai^ of Bri- tain, and WiHiami chief captain of the host of - the king, cast in theif jnimU bow they should gain the strong hhlil that was, po^ the Island. 6. And they toiled hard for many days, and .they 4hpt into the hold, and the destroying en* gines beat down the buildings that were on the island ; and (he men who were (herein were sjil^e galled by (he men of Bri(ain and the destroying: engines. NeverthfiAess^ the garrison iiiaintaineS their integrity. . 7. And after many days watching, and sore conflicts, both from the water and also from the^ knd, and when many yaliaot men were slain^^ the chief captain of the navy of the king of Bri- tain, was told tliere was a way round the hinder yart of the island where a ship n^ight passi^ so aa ^o come nigh unto the bold» 8» And when tlie chief captain heard tipereof,. he lightened a ship, so that she should not draw ifkueh depth of water f and valiant men were put therein ; and (he ship moved along on. the moe 9f the water,, and eame against tlie hindicr pari of the hokl» 9. And when the garrison 9aw the ship, and the s^rmcd inen ready with the instruments of war, all hopes of resistance vanished ;: for tlieir destroying cnginea were rendered uselessj^ aniik the means of defence wei^ destrpyed* 10* Now it came ^ pas«, wjl^en it wai Qidtt,. that the men wlio w^ete 'm the holil|^ AMape^ to itifoe ifBrl- lost o£ should L 8» and Qn the re 9i^e • timsrican Itevohtthn, 9S peyinj aaliie< i% od sor# om th^; ^ slain^ of Bri- hinder ftoa» ^ereofy. fidraw ^repiil le ULe» JF park and )DtS of tlieiF 4 to ;the provhice of Jersey » to the strong liold thai w-ds^ built on the portion ofgi-ound that belonged to Jame». 11. And the oaptain who was over the men in the hold» gat great honor ; his sur-name was Smith; moreover the great Sanhedrim gave htm a sword of fine earved worli» the worl( of ^e hand of the ennnkig workman ! 12. Now there wei*e several ships that were armed with the destroying engines* and they an- noyed the navy of* BtntaiOy and the eaptuin oY the ships aiso gat great honor ; his sur*name was Ha%iewoodt and he also received a sword. 13. Now the Implements that were put into the river to keep the ships of the king from lilfftiing to the eity/ were strong and many ; 14. Tliejr were made of tl»e large lir-trees of C^ltfmhlay ami they were put cuie upon another^ and' large pteees of barbed iron wet*e fastened tirer^to; and when they were fashiuiled together, they were let down into the waters of the river. 15. And the machines with the barbed Iron pointed towards the ships* and lo ! when the diips oame u|M)n the points of the barbed iron^ they wel*e marred, and the waters of the river rushed into the ships, and they wer^ lilled with the waters of the nver* - '■ / (Si* :• •. ' ■ .,-..-3-^ '^rM''^ "^tHM . ^^iMlA-M-:i'^'fmf^^''^^ ' ' . - ,, ^|i:-^>fe^'^.i|[X?An5|^#^.^ -^ • 'i^-'' -r- p ^m:;M 'rhiA 5:^ fM^- '4\ ■•" .■ ■ • .- •...;i;.,.„-..H:.^i^• ■- /--S--' / ' m »i Jimerican Reeolution. CHAP. XXVII. ■t Fort OB RijNirllank— The Hessians wilder Count Donop , Are MtaMi^FinMy evacuated on the approach of Lord Cornwallis with a large foree — Count Donop dies of hi« wounds. A: ND when the temiiitft of the kini^ of Britain kad gotten possession of the strong; bold on the •ii[laiid» the sliips of the king; of Britain ^loyed nlong ufkon the fkee of the water, and eame to the oitj ; and thece was grea^ rejoicing because of this. thing* I*,kv,'*'* 2. And it oam6^ to passy that after the hold was taken* and before the na«j of the king of Britain had east anchor before the city* tl^ WilUamf the captain of the bust, sent ^ certaiii captain and two thousand men to take thelstron^ hold in the province of Jersey, that was bniU <^ the portion of ground that appertained to the inheritance of «lame«. -. 3. And the name of the eaptaimvhom hesent» wasDofiapy. he was from tlie German eountrjr ; and the men who went wtthliim, were the soldiers who were hired of the German priuces, and thej < went by the name of Hessians, intlielandor Columbia. 4f, And Bonopf the captain, passed over the river, and the two thousand men followed after him, and they landed in tlie province of Jersey. 5. They took the highway that leadetb from the house of William the publican, to the field of Haddon ; * and as they passed along the way^ some of the men turned aside and went to the house of Jacob, that stood uear the way side. * Haddonfield. Jknirican fieroltition. Donopi rf Lord iritai» in the Bpoved im^ to le bold king ot certain ftiroD§^ I bailc to ilk^ ' le sent» loldiers id ihey * land oC er the d after Fersey. from le fteld fc way>^ [to tbe ide. 6 . Now PffiT was dretsii^ tbe fleece of Jacobus 'if8bee|»» and Gideon was at tbe bouse of Jcico^y and they were all taken captive : and it came fb pass, tbat as Gideon drew nigb unto Donop^ tj^e eaptain^ be smote Gideon with the staff that was in bis bandy upon tbe bead ; but JaefiS and Fetei* were not smitten. 7. Then tbe captain and tbe men journeyed forwards ; and the sun was going down when they entered tiie field of Haddons andtbejr atKNle there tbat night. 8. And on (lie morning of tbe next day^ about the time of the coek-crowin^y the men of war departed IVom the field uf^addoity and passed along the highway through the province of . Jersey^ tcwaiils the strong hold. "N^ 9. And as they came to the borders of Joseph^ witkosc house stood by the ^ay side, lo ! Joseph eame out to si^e the urmed men ; but he wist not tbi^t they were so nigh at hand. 10* Anjd when he would fain ba?e escaped and gofie into bis bouse^ one of (he armed men called to htm in an unknown tongue ; but be under- stood him not ; and the man smote Joseph with a^ sword that he had in his handy and the zeal of ' Joseph was kindled agaist the man. YU Now when tbe men drew nigh unto the bold , Jtonopf tire eaptainy sent a messenger f demand that it should be given up, and ail that was therein ; ^ 12. But the captain in the strong bold, whose sur-name was Greene, f hearkened not to tbe ♦ Red Bank. f Colonel Greene. 96 •American fifvoZt/(ioii. Il^ voice of Bonopf the enptaln^ but [Prepared him- self to resist the enemy ivitli all his might. ,13, 'flien was the wrath oT Donopf captain of t placcy they shouted with aj^reat shouts supposing their warfare wai accomplished. 17. Bjut lo ! the men in the hold 6tood^ realfy^^ every man with his weapon of war in his hand ; and when the enemies of the people of the pro* vinces^ even the Ilessiansy came near unto the battlementsy the destroying engines were let looscy and they cast out their thumfers^ 18. And the Hessians felt down slain In great multitudes ; and Donopf the captain> was taken i^ap(ive9 and was sore wounded, and died of his'' wounds. ■ ^ ' V 19. Now there were skiin of the Hessiani^ aboat four hundred person»i and the battle cen« timietl about half an hour, and Uie residue nuMkt their escape and fled. 20. Now the bellowings of the dtiittbyiHg-en- gines were heard afar ofi^ and tiia shouting of him- linoC of the ever3f varin e into nd his at bad iwbea rlainty e holdf essians ihouted kre Miat reaiyf faano; te pw- ito the ^re let great takenr ofbU^ le eon- in^ cn- of •Animcan RcvoluHon. 97 .,^i [j, the men of war> l^^^o^rfitantB, - .J^OW after that Dofiop, tW caj^tain, was slain, the residue of the host turned baek*^gain$ and as they passed along through the province of Jersey, they spoiled the inhabitants thereof. ,2. And every thing that was pleasai^ t6 the eye, tliey took^away ! they y(ev^ iifcej^eedy dogs that never hiid enough f^t&e^ spam not^ neither dit'thgy pity ! t^L II ^ •^ . *, 98 #. ^American Hecolution* ^ 3« Desolation and destruction marked the paths of their feet ! and those who had fared ilelie^tely ever^ daj^ were glad of a morsel of bread .''?'# ,,/ ^ *. .Nevertheless, they were gainers' in the endy^^iiasiiauch as they learned more true wis- dom tb the l^oyr of adversity, than ha|d be^n known 'while they were hasking in the sunshine of prk)sr>eHty ! 5. They' l^ere taught that ttie cup <]rf felicity/ without some ihixtu^'e of the woiMnwood and the gall, was by nb mean^ a dri^ught for mortal naian ! 6. Moredver'their hearts expanded with bene- volence towards the children of misfortune, tlt^y sought them out in their solitary cottages, l^ey informed themselves of their varied wants, and with a liberal hand ehdsed away the^ cause of their Woe ! ' 7. The blessings of the poor came upon them, and the tear of gratitude abundantly repaid their liberality ! They moi'cover reriped the rich harvest of self-approving thoughts ! and could say with propriety, I have not altogether lived in min ! . 8. The golden Wedgo of Ophir, and the dia- mond of Golconda, lost for a time their magic iniiuenee I The pleasures uf sensuality were ab- sorbed in the boundless prospect of inestimable treasures f treasures of eternal duration ! 9. But alas ! when the day of peace returned, pleasui'e tempted them with her golden wings ! she spread^.' abroad her alluj:.emenls, and many wlio had once seen the vanity of earthly riches, were caught in her snares, aod lost sight of substantial felicity in the pursuit of shadows ! iO. Let the children ttf poverty comfort tfiem- American Btoolution. 00 ed tbe 1 fared irsel of in tj^ le W19- w^ been unsbine feiicUy, and the ftt man ! ii benl^- ae, tlffey ?8, t|iey itsy and »u8e of in tbetiiy lid their le rieh could ep lived the dia- r magic i^epe ab- timable eturned, wings ! d many r ricbest sigbt of lows! rt tfiem- telvesy inasmuch as they are removed far fVom |. the snares of tbe dissipated sons of volu^Huous- nessy whose tents are surrouuilcd by the har- bingers of the king of terrors ! who rideth on the pale horse ! and whose name is death ! .| 11. Harkeuy therefore ye children to the iif- struction of Nthe agedy and let i^e hoary beail teach you wisdom ; like beacons dn the shore of ' the seay they point to the tin wary travetk^H and show him tbe rocks and quicksands that Ibound in the turbulent ocean of life ! ±2. The counsel they give^ is the fruit of ex« perience. Do thou therefore regard it as the oiliefe of truth ! they speak of what they have iji^%,.^nd are qualified by wisdom to atecr thy - ^^^^with safety into the desired port ! 1^* In the moi*ning of thy dayt^j in tjie jivi^ i|if thy life, when thou art rdeasi^d ^^^^|^^ fuardianshfp of thme elders^ whtlitlij^^ ath paid the great debt of if^iirWjd^^] ai!e 0overe4^Mif|^w.# thou art about to biuacJl t^i^^ scenes of lifcy , ' ' 14. ThenJ|i the. hour of danger ! then will that arch foe io manN Jiappiness^ whose name is 8elf-9utflcieney» eulenvour to persuade thee tJi^t thou art wiser than the anci^ntSf who have trodden the path before thee | * %-' 15« He will t^lltbee^ thine own understand- ing is suificient to conduct tliee with safety to the ultiidate end for which thou Wast created ! 16. B^t hearken thou not to his delusive words, for thoiisaods b^ve beea led astray bj his counsel! »-r''' ^' ^. 17. Let wisdoni have place in thine heart, let her have the directioa of all tby actions; J II .1 American devolution. ^nd let caution take thee by the hand ! then 9hJ0t thoU be h*!! with 8s4fety (hrough all i|ie\ apHrtm^nts Wf human hiisd on "earth/ and thor'^' boi^6^thiiie ekpeetlatibh ftliWQ nbt pbriilh ! '«^^ 7i. Thi^u shait de^eeiid with ilfrtitude tiife 6^^ eVhdty of MWI .; ^ pleasing «ereriity ghalf ph^' ' ari^nil ftin^ ^^1*^ "^^ that impoi*taii( rtiomenc vh^iMi^i^w state of existence shatl open befbi'^ '\ th »h shall t!ilne b/es behold ^ith traiis- po^C^ Ittfe reSvkrd of th^f Tirtuel stamp(^d with the W of eternal truth ' ' :.0' *■ "I CHAP. XXIX. The British and American Annies go into winter qawUrB^' Sir Guy CarUtin k» Buccee^^ by General fiufgoyne-^v iW'MilUia, under* tllberai Iflrttimer, Ml into an eiA- buscade i^ Indians iinid Tbriee, ted by SYr iohn Ji»h|^t(i^ atld St. jUger, who , W^re upon an expedltioo^^aiiil :< ■irbt!^ ScKoyler.- ' •*' ' •''* • " ^ ' ' ' • ^' "^ ■• ■^■- "' ^^>-- '1 • " • PW it Ojamc to pass, after the stroiigliofds onth^ river Wredestpoycd, and the ships of the kin^ of Britain had oast anchor befori^'lBe'' eitji that the mrji of war went ipte their winter eilca.mprDents. > v . . ^^.'Tlie soldiers of the king of Britain oecu- pied the houses in the citj, tbey^ feared not tK^ '' driving^^n^w nor be^tih^ rain ! inasmuch ftslhie^ weire olail to warm ^cloathtn:;/ that was mad^ df the fleeces W sheep, \Vhich' ifeed i|K fat pastille of the island of Albion ! •' "- ^« But it was not so with the valiant men of Coiuiubiar who fought; the battles of the g;reat '- •■..> ': ' -• ri ' ■"<... «■, '-'1'. , ,> Livi k-. then e iHt^ ment Wfth^- M I»h|i^ii4 4gtiwiV'' ■iim' '< ■ hoHr w of rlntci^ ,^ « oecu- it m ihW d^ df ■ \ en oC rreat Amerlean 'RevohUion. liAi Saniiodrim ! they were pofirly cl^id, ami many of thetn walked biH'efooted to the pl.iee ^ oftiieir erica nipinent ; aiKt the fi*(»zen. earth wua staincill with the b(oo«l uf the ine» of war ! f ' 4. Ainon;^st the trees of tiie forejtty they pitehed (hen* tents! f the lieroe hfitwliii^!^ offhe^ winter storm ehased away their reiiuse! they were like unto a ship in a trotihled seit'!'^ iliey were tns^e watePi when he ii faint with heat. f^'^^f 16. And the peoiilo who were with Hirkf^r ^,foumeyed forwards m the ftiaiplicity of. their •^ hearts, for thoy wist not that there iv\^ »f ' •• 'nw% . 19. And the battle waxed hot, and HfrXrtmer, the captain^ was slain ; and the widows aud ^ fotherless were multiplied in the land T 20. The strife of the warriors was oruel ! they rushed upon eaoli other as the 8ti*eani8 from^^ the nuNiiitains! their countenances were dark and gloomy as the elouds from the South in the heat of summer, when the earth Is parched with heat ! Zi. So fierce * was their warfare, that the barbarians were astonished with fear! and jealousy took hold oil their naind^l^ 22. And they said to their young men, Lo ! now we shall be eut off by these people^ they are confederated together^ netwithstiiiiiiag their seeming animosity. * The militia and kories were so elotefy tngkged^ that tbey stabbed each, other with- their I#4 Jhnerican BtooltUion* 3di And thej commandetl Uiom to full upoii ^ all the white people (for sa they called the , \li|taP|l^ ^^ ^''® |H*ovinoe8 and the seet of the to* n^ and there were as many of the sect of the tories Maia Uy the barbarians^ as by the people nf Clie pi^yinces ! ** 2^. ^^^^ohnson seeing that the people were confusedi and (hat there was. a ^reut discom- fiture ; he caused u retreat to be sounded, and eyerjr man went to his own tent. CHAP. XXX. St. Lcger attempts: to terrify the Garrison in Fort Schuyler (formerly Staimix, ) is unsuccessful — CoK Willet an4 jLieutenant Stock wel undertake to go to the Camp at Still- Water— General Schuyler sends a detachment under Arnold— .Ti>e iudians retreat with precipitation (occasioned by a Stratagem of Arnold) and the British follow tbeil' •xample. ' ■ ■ . - JSi W St.. htgevf the servant of Uie king of liiiiain and captain of the Uost» cast in his mind how he should get possession of the hold.; and he thought to have lerrilied thi) men of wac who were therein.. «. And he sent* a herald ♦ to^tho governor af the garrison^ to demand possession thereof^ - in IhjD name of the king, his master. He exceed - ingly magnified his own strength^ and thought lo make the hearts of the m^u of war to melt !^ ^3* JUowbeit thej stood firm in their love to )-^) ',,•■'■' ■■>'■' ' ■•* *^*.'^ ' ■ '' dnieriean Revolution. 105 on iie to- the- pie cro >in- Kuyl«r 1 undnr ipftof his oidi ir of II in ^eed- ught m to «M llie great Sanhedriii^y and hearkened not to the words of St, L t|ii§frfB tliey'etiedy in th« ton of the murderer 1^ tlie^souud^ of hit feet is heard I . - ^ ^^'rt ^ ii: Ag^iii th^y hear the terrii^o yell ! the hair of th^ir iesh et^d np ! they made ready the m^ strdments pf death I they prepared to moftittidi dreadful 'fbe I' ' -^ • i^:Vii,;-i ;-i;;v:;:4-tv -;.»;■£*»( ■'' 9. The lamps f of midnight marked ou) a path for their feet — they journeyed forwao^s with ftar ! ^nd the terrors of the night ebvironedi them round about I <» ^ :'. lb. They rejoleed at the dawning of the day i they had' longed iV»r it more' than for liidtfeo treasure^! add when the' sttnarosof they weM -i an hungred. ' 'i^"^^' • *^h ' &: Us *- 'sife - ^v^ ' • • -m^^^i^..^; . ♦ Col. iVillet Mid Lieutenant Stockw^. Ibfl vui^ .& ^'i f The iUrs. >%,»--t»t ^ - ivf.- -<-^rtif- i;^-' 1 S^i- 106 •American Etoolution* iU.A table * was spread for them in the ^will^oessl th^ fruit of the bramble sustained 4liemt^ until they aiTived in safety to the en- dliqfient of their brethren^ beside Still- Wkter.f 12. ifow PhiUp^ was chief captain of the 11160 of war who were at Still- Water ; and when hewailold that the garrison in the hold were Iq a stiNp^i he gathered together a band of men. ^3* Mii Benedict offered to go before the men^ and ebnducC them to the hold, and Philip re* joictfd thereat ; inasm uch as he knew that Ifene- dict was a valiant man» who turned not bis back • in the day of battle. ? i^» And there was a notable prisoner § with ^ Philipf and he was called a spy, (now a spy was aoeouoted an abominable thing in those days, they were not suffered to live, but were hanged up before the host, even as a -dog is hauled on a . tree, and they know their place no morel) ±Bk And Benedict spake to the man> and saidy lo ! now thy life is forfeited, nevertheless if lhoii^' — •> mmmim the ined I en- ^ ter-t the nfhen were men* men* [|) re- back I with y was days* la^ed d m^ ilsai^' est if s and e *I»J for a Ito an- ine in- ky» of rcovcr It upon American Revolution, 107 lY. And it was so^ tliat the inesseng^^o- nised . to do all that Benedict had bidden|l|rfiii« And he weot forth towards the 6hmp i^mM» barharians ; #r ''^ 18. And when he came to the camp^ he re« ported the words that had proceeded * Tobacco. .■Vfe;:^^ ,., if"*- .^- \\W' * huBi I PI ,\i\ .kul i 108 Amtvhan BeroJution. ^ SQ»lth«: h^tt 4ad» and letl n^iutri spoil ; kA: ■- ^'-'i • ■■■. ■ ' / ' 'h.^ ' C H A P^^ XXXL )ji v,il« -rt?r/^ Past. # J '.« ; I Cl{^n1 ^Bargoyne «dvand^^ send* * de(»chiiicni tp'stize ij. t^ stores at Benniqgtonj th:Qy,i|r« repulsed with vigor, and a great part of the .detachment .cut oA*. ' . „^^ OW it iDame to paps, in thi^seyetiVic^ hun- dred and 8e^'^eiil$>i«ev^ii«ih ^?a? of tlVe; great i^ovii(/frHof .\lhe Cbristiain seetr t|ia< the ai'inies of the ^oHti moved ilowarda each oAher ^ eycn the ^rmy of Britain, \ipder.Jofen,r wh name ¥^a6 Biirgoyms and the host i^C iN ^^^pf*!^ :of the }iPovinces9' under Uor^itio,'^ a chief cap*-^ tain and Servant to lite great Sanhedrtjn^. , *^ri a- !Now when JJuf^o^iM^ ii»a»tf]|)d thiMt there i ? „w«#e la i^^ 8< ores, vf eorn and fi ne fli&vr ^t; Befl- iiipgtOn» cdllecled for thf^ ^ujdiers^ of Ihe Co* i r JuiiibifLn hoiti. he ji^urposcd in his heart to de- prive the people ol" tli« provinees thereof. ]: t 3.. And hcf pi:epai:ed an ar^m^i^f v^Hantineny that they ntight go forth, aud.tsifhe poHi^et^sion of 4lic *tore.s ; ; for >verily h^'^nee^ded those things, L mtn the com Mnd the line fionr, f^M* he vias in a strange If^.nd, and had not ptlHindanc^e ,of hread. >^ r 4i. HoMhtit he toDk couiibei oi* n^^nr.an ivhose sijr;'. OW when tidings oame to Bui^ai^t, iXle ahief capMn of the host of Britain^ 'how that the servants of the king were slain and taken eaplfve at Bennington^ he was sore troubled ; inasmuch as the fame thereof would damp the ardour of (lie warriors of Britain. 2« Nevertlieless he pitched his camp nigh unto the host of Columbia^ even on the plains and high-lands of Saratoga ; and the people of the Provinces were encamped at the Still-water : iind the space between the two armies was about sixteen furlongs. ^,,v 3. And it was so, that as some of the young men of the army of Britain went forth to view ^IJT * Brigadier Urenerai. •American ErDolutioa U3 Mngi hnn- ndred biingSf lecree ^ade a . -■ & • '^.■' vif- . ■; ." I of Sa* rater — a ar« tac- . ce)ity» ^x. « ti^iv ^, ilie w tfiat taken bled ; p thtt nigh »1ains lie of [ater : (about roimg view i s'^- \ the camp of their enciniesy they were-^nibt by some of the people who followed ^ttee^tnth't^iOf, and Ihey strove with each other in th^Wa^y 4. And when the chi^f captains, Murgo^ and HovatiOf heard the noise of the men of mw» they pirt the battle in array, aruiy against arfliy :. 5. And when it was raid-day, the battle wai^d hot : death invaded all ranks, and many valiant men were StsAn ; and tlie strife of the warriors* continued until the going down of the sun:; 6*. And there were slain, wounded^, and takeiD captive of the men of Britain, about f&ve Inin- dred persons; and tlierefeil-oftlie people of the Provinces, three-score and four valiant inen^. who turned not their baeks in the day of battle t- ?v 7. Now the Barbarians* wlft0 were yet remain- ing witik Ba**goifnef, the ehief captain^ wiien they beheld the-Tuliant nets of the people of the Pro- vinces, they ixefused. to. help-the men. of Britain^, but went over t». the host of Columbia^, and. served Mie king of Britain, no, 0M>re*. 8*: Aiid' the flames of the tribes wba went o^er to the host of Columbia,, were the Oneidas>. the Tuscaroras^ the Onoadagas, and^the Mohawiks. §• Now^ fforoti^^ was^ occupied in stpength^ ening the^eamp of the* people of the Provinces round about ;* and there came to* the- help, of Horati^^r Lincolnf a valiant man^ and two- thou- sand men. witb.bimr prepared, witb. instruiBents for war* ' i 10; Atid itwas so, that when tidings came to Htnrtjt whose snr-name was Chntdm (he was chief captain of the kiUg'l forces in the eity of NewrYoiiL,) how that the peopto of'tbe Pror •ii M^ •flmeriwffi J^tp^^vffmi, vincQs^^flged h vlvA upoi, Ui^j 1io»t; of the king In li'; ATid ifearmg jest ^uri^oyne should fie dis- ' c^Atedy ind (,he men wUo were with hini^ he i privately kent a messenger with a written letter^ i thereby inCormhig him that he purposed at a eoiiy^nieDt time, to fall upon a strong hold» ^ o^06{^ied by the great Sanhedrim. i% For Henry thought to have diverted Ab- ratio ft*om his purpose, and that he would cer- tainly oome and ;8ave the hold $ but Horalia was in one mind, and was not to be turned. 13. Now when John^ whose sur*name was Burgpynif had re| « war, and that there is provender lor the host ' ^< uetil such a day^ and that ^e host wiU abide^ >^ ^* here, in this place, until then/' ^^^^ - . 15. Aiid it was 90, that the men went forth from the camp, ajod journeyed through the - wilderness, and escaped, the perils that were Iq the way ; and they went into the eity and re- portisd air the words of John% in thet ears of. Htnr^f whose sur-aame was Clinton^ ^ir 1 6. Not many days after, there came more soldiers from the islan4> of Qritaint and the number of them, was aboui two thousand fiight« ingmeri; a^d Ji^bertsoHp a chief oa^jtaj^andre- kownod in WHr, came with the.a^ei>» y> * Fort Montgomeiy. "^ ^^^^mi.^i^:' Jimdritctn Betk^lnUon. US gin dis- hc I tier, I at a kit *'^ I flb- ^ cer-' > wat dis-i' ath* • bide ). ■ the Ire in pe< |r» of viti the ;ht* re- •.t» tv JTf I J il7v i^itd when the soMfers \^ire landed fV*oni the ships, and had refreshed theu e]ire»| it came to pass at a ^enrenlent Measony that Henrn numbered the men of war^ and led them forth to battle. 18.^ And they came against the hold "^ that was called by the name of the bhief captaioj who was slain by (Jutf, the king's governor. 19. 4nd they besieged the Tiold round about ; and HetiPtj sent a messenger to the governor of the garrison^ and demanded df him to deliver up the hold a«d all that was therein. 3Q. Howbeity the governor refused to obey the summons, and strengthened himself against ihe men of Britain. 21 4 Nevertheless^ the army of Britain rushed foFwardSf they here down all opposition ; they ascended the . hattiements of the enemy ; they brake into their defenoed places 1 Howbeit» the governor and his^ brother, and two hundi*ed men escaped^ and fled to the mountains; and the noise of the battle of the warriors was as the sound of many waters. 2^ AmU the slain and wounded of the men of Britain, were about three hundred persons. 234 Then Hie people of the Prov^nee^^ seeing that the drmy of Britain was strong, and that they could not stand before their enemies, they burned anotlier hold, that was in the vicinity of tiie fbrmer ; and two of the armed ships of Co- lumbia, lest they should fall into the power of the enemy. J ^ 2^ And ab'^t A4i same tin^, Tri/biii ' who was one of the king's goremorsi IHt np Idii • Fort Montgomery* ^to^"^ * It . . / Al^ ,Jimmmm Etofittif^. band against the j^ople of the. Provincefi ; and to shew a zeal for the kin^, he burned a: town/* with firef^ and all that wa» thercjfi.. H CHAP- xxxiir. The British army distressed and nearly surrounded—their provision begins to grow scarce — eadeavour to extricate themieWes^ but are repulsed with considerable loss^ 1b' trepidity of General Arnold. General Frazit r slain. N. ^m.' OW ^fiei^ Burgaynti the etiief captain, had watted until (he appointed time, and n# help ap- pearedy when provisions for tlic host began to fail ; then he drew forth about fifteen himdred chosen men, and went ta view the host of thd people of the Provinces.. ^. And he hoped to have found out a way^, whereby he might deliver himself fifom* the danger that surrounded him : ahd twa'ehief ca|^'« tains were with hi m» namelj, Ph^/i^and Mfii» deseL w-j\.- >.-. --^ v- ^u . ^ . ,, ^,: 3. And as they were going towards the host of Columbia, lo ! they were met in the^ way by some of the servants of the great Sanhedriia. 4. And there were with the servants of tlie king, who went out to view the host, sonte of the des^troying engines^ t^iat were made of brassy and the balls that issued out of th^ir lONOUths, weighed live hundred and seventy-sis ^^els, after the shekel of the, aanctttary V and Jntny of *" Cqn^nental ViI1a|^. '^k •m- V •Amf WcM"^ Hevo tilfvfi. m \ antl led— ihcir exincate loss- l»' ain. :aiii9 bad help ap- began to httiMlped ii af ilid it away> fi^om- the lief cap- anil JUi* , -' \. the float |e way by idriw* Its af t|ie soiree af mouths shekels. the sons of mei^ wore tkl\^ to the earth r wichi ' ' • 5. And when the servants of the great San- hedriDi appeared^ 4o ! the brazen engines utter- ed their thuaders^ and the people were fain to shelter themselves behind the trees of the forest, which were a sur6 defence against the balls thai were shot from the brazen engines. <^ 6. Nevertheless when the people of* tile Pro- vinces had taken oouriige, they rushed forth upon the tall men * of Britain, but they oould not prevail^ because they were as a wall of brass and united together, and were like to a three folded^shord, not easily broken. 7. And the battle .vaxed hot. and the greater ||ai^t of the host of Britaint and the army of the tTfjople of the ProVlnoes were engaged in fierce -war.' •■''■' •^t'^ 8. And Benedict distinguished himself that day, and gat g^eat honor ; inasmuch as he brake through the host of Britain, and entered laco their places of defence, and drave them b' 120 Jhmriean Eetohilitm^ ipfed the Way ; aiid vhen ihey attem] the river^ their enemtes ii^ere on the other shie thereof: 8. And if theyftbode in the camp, they woror eut off by the baik of the destroying engioosy^ and there was no remedy i . ;;. 4. Then the chief eapCain, «v«n Bi^oyiU, vasfain to call the principal men of the host together^ that they might counsel him what to doy and advise together touchinig all things ro- lating to the war» * ' ^.i* K And as the counsel were deliberating to- gether-^ a ball from the dei»trt>)^ing engines passed over tJie table^ and they were astonished ; and the fire of the warriors^ even the haughty spirit of liian was quenched. ;*^ ^^f ^^ '6. Then they hastily concluded ^th^t the m^ eaptain should send a deputation^ to JTarf^p^ chief vaptain of the host of Columbiay aiul tb$i|f^ he should- send proposals ^f peace. 7. And it came to pas8» 4hat the chie| eapt^a sent a messenger to HoratiOf and the niessenger was instructed to obtain an auswer from Hora^ tio9 that would accord with the desire of the counsel. ' 8. JNow when Horofio "was told that a mes* senger was coming from the host of Britain, and that the ensign * of peace was carried before him, he ordered the men of war to bring hip Into his presence : 9. And he entreated him kindly^ and he sent an answer of peace to Burgoynef the chief 4»ap- tain, and he sent certain proposals; and the scribe of the host wrote the proposals on pa^ier^ t ovei* side ■ -:^ og to- passed ; mnd spirit Of ft 1^^ apti|^n icoger Hora- mei- |n» and lefore le sent ^5ap« id the •AmrkAii ^Itef^liOioii. i^£ Mid Horotttf sealed the ptpar with liis own signet; and the nesseoger departed. " 10. And when John had opetaed the written ]^a|ler*' aiAd had read the conditions^ his anger wiEift kliidted J ittastnoeh as Horatio had denand- ed> that the soldiers of Britaih shoaid lay down their inttfumeiits of war* in their Qneampinent, sliidlMcoiiie captives to die people of thoCia«t ¥inoe& V 11. Then the chief captain of th^Dliost of Bri< tain* sent another messenger to timratio w ith an epistle ; and it was wntten tlierein» ** Sooner *f than this army VjiW do as iIm>u hast desired^ ^< they will rush into the midst of their ene* «> inies^ deterinined to take no quarter.'^ ^ i^. Howbeit,^ after a certain time, Horatio Ved to the termr proposed by Burgoyne, the Ijpf captain; for he was not carefol to exact ie .uttermost^ or wound too deeply the feelings of the uufprtunate ; neither was it a light mut'^ ter to cr.ntivate an army^ of Britons^ for such « tMng had not been heard of> since the years of miany goncratioQS. ^.'•13. And the writings were signed^ and thAS signets of ^he two chief captains were prefixed tliereiintOy in the seveuteen hundred and seventy- seventh year of the Christian }tegira» in fhe teli'th monthy and on the thirteenth day of th*; nonthf were they executed, ■*■'•','. i ^j^. Is ndt the wickedness that aboundettt flij thy borders/ the cause of thy misfortunes ?;fot!^' vice and luxury weaken the people^ and thcH roflers eauseth them to err. f 1. Thus ended the warfare of the nortfierii armyy and H&ratio and Bettedict gat g^^l honor; and an account of their viillant ai^i^ were reeorded in the books of the great Stfn- bediteu ■ ■■ i' • See R«p. Hilt. £i^. b^ of Agencoui^ tnd Cresby. f • -•*. cap- ubled ad to in, a-, r soiii^ [)f the tbion! > stood spiwi- B groat at«ir !W r^ abd plowy vf- id tbe ai^Sf rcsby^ ^ -A 1 I) ^^bnertun Bep&lutietU m ^0*^» Sf»r«v ^CSHAP. XXXV. 3iir WUHam^: Howt {NreparM to eonbitrk fdt England | ii auc* ^t« < ceeded in comaMnd bj Sir Henry CUntoB, '^ ''V J r d. t\ .^OW the time drew ni^lTi^ when WiWiamf Obidf oaptain of all the ariniep of the kHig» ia the land ^f Cplumbiaf was to resign hU oa^Uo- shlp to aoother; aad depart to t^ isknd of Britaioy to give an aeeouat of l|U warfare to Qtovgtf the kiagf and to the great Cooaeii of the kingdom/ 2. Aad the eaptaifiji ,of the host assembled tiieoiselfes together^ 4ind prepared a great feast; and spent the ni^ht ift vaiii sports and shows, ia honor to the chief eaptaiQr a. They made ^jMrioat representatfoiist mar^ i^bBous to behold 5 tliey were the iaveatioos of cunning men: and fame^ the goddess of thiy healhensy was perfiguredy holding a trompet to ^|f mouthi blowing out in letters of light* tW praises of their chief eaptaioy in th^se.word% <*Th;jr laurels shall never fade." '4* Now these men were like (he propheto of Ahabj» who always prophesied good uiiio the kingf who spake deceit^ and dattery ^o^eeodfiilv out tff their n»ouths. " '^ ^^ 5* If it was not even so^ then let the Ba^ian» judge; ^er the laurel is a symbul of, victory; and what marvellous act can be ascribed to I^^Tf' liam^ the chief captaitt^^ i^ Jm Vn^; . #• Now I would willingly expul^^^ with tbee^ O Willmml the opening of lay iips^iball be of right things ; my tongue sIm^ apeak liie lnitb> for a lye isaiiaboaiiDabto'ifaiij^t^^oi^ 1' in •iin^ncan Hevolution. \ it is a detesfabfe thing : suffer, ipe tlierefore to gpealC) for I wish to ji^Btify thoe. 7. True H i9» thou saikd fi^tn the islaml of Britoin# to t^ to>vit of Boston f from thence thou passed to Halifax; from Hal ifax, tboM ( Of Qie to JLong-Island; from thencey thou sailed tft the eity of Ynfk ;' and lastly, t^ou eame to Ihi^l)? of Philadelphia. ' i. AoA^hpn thou had sofotiriied'ln th^t elty, fof,a seaspOf living in the '^ratiflcation of they iLensual appetites; lo ! thou sailed to the Island of Britain ; atid^ left Henrvj^ to war with the people of the Provinces^ who were as able to go lortii to the battle, as when thou first oaine a« ^iong|t them* 9, This is the sum of tby^ Tictoriesy and thef honor thou hast aoquii^ed thereby, no man witt wish^ to^ke al¥ay from thee. . ., ', |Q. Had^ thou stayed in the Island of BHtafii, ftappy would it have been for thy fame, alid the page 4>f l^ie historian would not have been sul- iiefly with those excesses that were eommttled during the exercise of thy power, . and wbif h , thoi^ shouldst ha?e prevented* \ 11. Now Williamf before his depar^ui^e front t)ie land of Columbia, sent some of t^e armed ships to destroy certain vessels that belonged to the people of the Provinces, that had fled ii)i the river. '**^^ 1$. wind the armed ships moved along upon th^ face of the water, arid they passed by th6 ^ fsity of Burlington that anoieiit eity ] IS. It was built upon thebonlers of therirer, ^ »pe to hence thou sailed ime to it cVly» >f thpy Islani th til© e to go lamc a- and the ■, * atidtlte eeniul- mit^d vrWA :sf.^ 1125- fled y\f upon e river* % •»5'» .. - one of the princes of ttie I*rovinceBt dwelC in Che city: he was a. notable couasellori. and ex- pbiinded the law to the people. i \f. The jnhabitattta> of the city were kindly aifuctioiiate to each other^. the w^y»faring manr partook of their bounty ». and they 8ufl[bre4 not the stranger to^ perish: in their streets f 15. So that it became a proverbial laying ih- the land of Columbia^ nearly oo this wise : Lof. the inhabitaiKts of Burlington ai*e givea to^ hospi- tality^ ' 16. Ther seribe whO' reoordeth these* things^, is^ar living witness to the truth thereof, and hi». ^focord is true f for he^was a^ stranger from a fir eoutitry in the days of his youth r y 17.. And. h6 oame to the ei^ of Bjirlihgtonj^ aM the inhabitants thereof entreated hiinldDdly ;: 9^$^^ Jahnf who was by^ occupation a tannery. toolL him intohls- houses and he sojourned, with. him. manf days. 1 184 Now this- John was- one or the^ eiders of * the city^ and an honourable man;, he had many^ sons and daugliters. ... p. 19*7 But alas! many of the elders are retsem noty oeeupy their pleasant places^: '>^20. Now perhaps some will say,. Wby dbth> describe tell us of these tilings ? or, IFVWt if it to us^ if all the inhabitafita of that eity are. given to hbspitality ? St. Be aot offended^. O ye simple ones ! nei< i'\ I M 120 Kf'-.i Jinwiiediik'&ibmHMi:'^'' i • What 18 man? H he^ n^t woi'sii^^han a^rtttidl' ^^. and the enVlous m^n h ttb bettet? thsfft h^i «'i«'^ 22. For envy hiteth like the rattlesnake that 'v-;| lieih (fibn^(^eale(l inrthe forest^ and thek* poison it : atik^ IWtiti; the one destrojeth the body, and. the dMtel* Hie noble yirtues^ (httti dignify and adoi4'tlr#8onft«if men. - • - ^ 23. Hocfi aiNe the fruits of envy 1 ii feedeth iTn Ithe . worihwood and the gaf I9 and nothing ia pheasant to the taste; shun therefore the least appearance tliereof, lest it deprive thee4>f the pleasant flowers that yet remain in the garden of ]ife» to eheer the heart of man in his passage through a thorny wilderness, replete wfth num; herle«sdarigei*s and consuming woe. 2^. And it eame to pass^ that the arfned^ 8lii| arrived I where the vessels were anehore^ tWt belongied to the people of the Provinces,, even al. ' BoE^de^town jn tlie province of Jersey ; and th^^^ marj[nevs,burnf d Hie stoi'erhonses and the v^BSe1s» and fifterwarJs they returnied to Phibileipfai^i. f he g^at eitjr I • iftik How certain sons of Belial flrom the pro« irince of Jersey, went into the city, and told If iUia«i» the chief captafp, that the people of the {ii*ovin^ of Jersey, were gathered togeCheP under •hseph 9 at the fiehi ofHaddon^ 26U And that tTiey were a lelt to the Kusband^- nten^ inasmuch as they would not su0er tite fruits of the field to come to the cit^. 27.' And ll^tlliafa was wratfi, when he heari thereof; and he sent has^H^ fbi^ «Ato*cron^?e> and satd unto Kim, Go aow^ and lalt^ the yoiiag wen t whom th(^u leadest forth to the war» ana ^»K* 'iT- /f'l V,'/' ,1^ )t,\J^ that '1 and. w'f and .>i^i^> h on least r the en af isa^e gfaii told «/; |ple of ' ■ ^band- •ftmei^fciw Jfc?f>lW;i( *^i ■*r V g^a ta tlie |ie|d of Haddpiiy aad ila^ those okbii .^ who dare to rUe iip ^iiiiM^ tbe kia§9 aod op4 V ;' pose hla servants*. .«.!.. j^ «.i,-^ ^ > :?*'. So \vtll the hashanddieo rejiiiQe; and wo^ will buy of theia the fruUd of th^ iield, o;;>r^old and our silvec wHI allure theoi to the oUy^ lor yerily> they are weary of t^ie money made by the great Sanhedriaij^ whieh is ao heit^ thaa filthy cags^ CHAP. XXXYI. The Light In&ntry land in the nighc» near Glodcester;' ofr the Jersey shore, and proceed to- Haddonfidd. The mi* litia^ commaaded by Coionel ElUsy, have notice of their conling — they nftrrowly escape. JL liEM •Iftercrombte gathered Ms youtig inei» tugetheir* and they were put inlo the boats thai waited for them; and they roWed down the river,, abouf twenty-four furlongs fram the eity ; and |aAe provinee of Jersey, nigh JnntO' the tpwa ot! (xloueester J the place wher^ Joaej^JI dwelt* , 2. And it was in the first wateb of the |;^ght, whea theyjaadedi and they passed along the high- way, that leadeth from, the town of Gloa* coster tathe^ld of Haddon^ $• The sound of their feet was not. heard, aS; they jowmey^ along the way ; for they h»d de- vised in their hearts^ to surpi^ise the qieli Mfhxi wotfe witb Jos^ft, in tlieir sleep. 4«. Howbeit, a young man of the provinee ol' Jersey, e^ied them ; and he hastened %iid toki ■5 •>•■ »»■ I *'•*!'*«'' ^|f. its American Revolution. Jimphf that mischi^r wvlb int^mlod against himr and the peo{iI» who were wHh him. 5. And Joseph called a ^6unclV» anrf ti% c6rh- muticd with tl}^ chief men who. were about him ; ^iNid th«j all with one voice, thought it most ex- pedient to depstrt thence, fotr they knew not the strength of the enemy. 0. And It wa» si>, that when tlie people of the Erovinee of Jersey, who followed after JoHtphi ad gotten to the one end of the Held of Had« don ; that Mircrambie^ and his company, were at the other end thereof. , , 7. And Mercromhie divided hi» company into^ two hand»; one band took their way straight to the town ; and the other company took a cirontC,. and came round by the' house of Samuel, ^ oi^ Mount-Pleasant. ' 8. And the two bands entered the town, that was built on the fi^ld of Haddon ; add they brake- tlie doors and windows, and terrified the- inba-^ bitants tliereof. 9. They bad drank of the strong waters of Barbadoes, mixed with the^ black dust, and it Blade them furious ; they made a hideous noise ! they foamed at the mouth like the wild boara of the forest, when they are ehasecl by the hunters ! ihey were enraged because Joseph and. his utoa Lad escaped. 10. The cries of the womcii and' chiid|*en Irenf beard afar ofl^! the glittering of the instruments of \^ar9 added to their l^errop ; they despaired q| i seeing the dawning of another day! 11. Nevertheless^ they' were-saved ; and'itwa^ a . [nr that' sy brake- le iiiha-^ iter» of and it noise ! Loaro of [ttiiters I lis dtten fn iirepe^ iikienls tired of U wa9 And Utmmcait Jievoluiiait* 129 • ' I <•♦ when the sun aroaey the soldiers departed ; and eani:a^.tQ the hotts^ of StkmmU^ that stood bj the side of ^h^invepj opppai(e to the eitjr; ana the boau oaine to the shore and took them all in. , l^Aad t\kf^y took Q^iftive, WUUauik whose 9ur-'nanie was Ellis; he was a useful man* an4 trilled J9 arohUeqtiire ; and a small naviber. of the people of the proviuee of JFersey, ns^o w^ire "^ith hina* weire also takon captive. * '\- 13. These were some of tlie last aets of Wil- liaiUf the ohief captain : and it was so» tliat he went into one of the tall ships of the king of Britain* and the people of the provinces saw him no more : and HenrHf whose sur-name was Clinton, was made chief captain in his stead. iff' V^* CHAP. XXXVII l^e newi of tHe anny ander General Burgoyne^ arriTCs in . £ml^4; in contequ«iice of wiiich, tt&e French Court •cknowltdge the Independence of the United States ; find Dr. Pcenklioy Silae Deene, and Arthur Lee, ^sqrs. art treated wUli» as Commisiioners. Lord North's conciliatory ' Mil pastes both houses of Parlianveat ; is sent to America* and rejected by Congress. ND it came to pass^ when tidings oame to the king of Britainf and to the great Couneil of the kingdom ; how that the^ N^>rthern army was made captive by the people of the Proyinoes^ th<)ir spirits sunk within them; astonishmeot $eize(l the enemies of Coiumbia. they'{oo|^fi4 k1 wist not what to say * upon one anoiher» and ♦ Cooper's Ferry, \i 1 •■* 130 •Ammeait BecobUigm 2. The wisdom of ^e wise, was Haled ttp at ii a bag; llie eloqueoi onUori,^^wa9 like to a boltte filled witb new wioe, aa|i|^^adaiovea(; tbeir visages were marredy and covc^nKl wilb wriiiklesy aad iieroe^ wrath flashed froui tiieir 3* The tables were turned umio thenSf tlieir Joy departed like a mist that hovereth on the top of the muontains^ before the sun ariseth ! ^ %• Andho^^ the last wipport oC the wretehed, the all-oheering eompaniou of the ehild of woe^ spread her down^ pinions^ seared at the fright- ful ap|iearauee of that Dfionstor, knowu amongst the sons aud daughters of disobedienee, Who«e name is d>e»pairp the hideous off^^riag of guiitr (• Far otherwise, were thetidingi reeeived in tbe'kingdom of Gaul; * there was great re^^ joioing in (he land; and tlie joy of the peopler exceeded the joy of the vine-dressers, wiieu tha presses burxit out with new wiae.^ I^« And the king spake^ and said to his nobles/ and hiseounsellors ; <* Lo now Benjamint ^Sitast "and t/lK/itt;*, I who were sent Ujr the great << Sanhednm» trom the land of Columbia, at*e " yet in out* realm, and we har^ not' attended " to their mission. 7. " And now behold, the people of the Pro* <* vlnces, have taken eaptive the Northern ar- •' my ; and it plainly appeareth unto us, that ** they are able to do their own work ; never- « theless, lest we offend them, and to prevent <* the breach from being made up between the '< kin^ of Britain, and the people of the Pro* * Prance, anciently so calleci. f pr. Ffatiklin» Deant , uid Lw, £t%rs% K> ■V 1^- t N I ! rtoa vent; wHh tiieir in the jth ! tehedy r woe, rrigbt- mongat who4e guilt* eccived :eat r€R»; I peopleir; Ueu tha noblesy great ila, afre tiended the Pro- lepn ar- is, that never- prefent sen the ^6 P^o- Jimerleun Eteolutton. ISl «« vineesy we think it expedient that the men be << ealled into our pretence; ^ 8. << And that we make a lasting eoTenant « with these people^ and that we bind them to *' us in bands that cannot be Inroken ; so will ** our ancient enemies^ the men of Britalii» be « wealtened, and their haughty iplrit* be hum- ^*bIcd/» 9. And the sayings of the king plensed the peonle ; and Benjamint SilaSf and Tirlkurf were , forthwith brought into the preseiiee of the king« and they did obeisance ; and the kine en-' trcnied them kindly^ and they partook of his r(^ai favor; and he made a covenant of peace ^ with thorn, that was to continue to the end of many generations ; and the covenant was signed, and the decree made icnown, on the sixth day of tlie eight monthf in tlie seventeen hundred se« venty and eighth year of the Christian Hegira* 10. But it came to pass, that wben George, the ktngi heard thereof, he was very wraths and he made war iipon the i(ing of Gaul for 4iiii tiling ;* because he liad taken pai^t with "the peo^e of Jie Provinces, it. Now the chief counsellor oC the realm of Britain, determined to try soft words; seeing that the people of the Provinces, regarded not thi^eatening speecbes : but alas ! it was too |ate, their confidence in the lung and his chief ser-t vants, was destroyed. , > 12, Howbeit, he brought certain written pro- posals into the great council, that seemed to speak peace and good-rwiii to the people of the Provinces, and the great eouneil approved there- of; and they were sealed with the sreat eignet of the realm^ and sent to the land of Columbia. 1 ' i i \'\ ; ISS •American BecoJuthn. i$. And certain men were appointcil to carrj the f ropoials, who were called CofimisMonerB ; who» when xXaty arrived on the coast of Colum- bia, they MDt the proposal! to the great 8an- liedrim. '» 14. And it wat so, that when the princes df the ProvinceSy had road all that was contained in the written paper, and had consulted together, it was rejeeted by the whole assembly i for they cared not to put their trust in the king of Britain any more. • i5« And the commissioners seeing they were lightly esteemed by the great yauhvdriui, and their mission set at nought. - 16. Then they denouneed vengeance against the inhabitants of Uie laiid i they put furth a tleerec in theiv wrath, ami menaced destruction^ in their hot displeasure. 17. Furthcrn[iore» they spake and said, were not moved tOx fear; yiOiil knowing that they had e«J(itnted the cost, and were prepared to bear the poition of evil tl^y could not prevent .^<^ i«r»; ^lum- 6«n- ses t>f [ained ethcff r iliey kilain I, and against furtb a « liO ! a^niiy •ejeetcd te» and ivincesf loved lo liied Ihe ^ilion of American SevoMioiu CHAP. XXXVIU. IM Th« Frtnch equip 'a fleet, for the puqpoie of blocking up the Kngluh in the Delaware. Sir Henry Clinton, being X. .timely informed of their intentions, escapes to Mew-Vork; * the land-furces march through the Jerseys. Battle of Monmouth* A ND it came to pass, after that the king of GAil had made a (jovenant with BenjamiUf SUob^ and Arthur : 2. That he commanded hh sea'-captaint* to- make ready a navy of shipi ; and take largo Btore of the destroying enginery and other im- plementt for viar ; and that tliey should make a)J.^peed» to sail for the. land of Columhia» and help the people of the Proviacei, against their niighty adversaciesy the men of Britain. 3. Then the sea-eaptains dkl according to ad that the kin^ eommaslded them $ and they made ready the 8hips9 and the mariners spread their sails to the windy and hastily departed ; because the hinge's command was urgent. 4. Now the servants of the king of Gaulf TiOfied to have arrived on the coast olTColumbiaf before the ships of the king of Britain should escape out of the great river Delano are $ and if it had been so^ vetily the ships and the host of Britainy would have been in great jeopardy. 6. Howbeit, Htnry^ chief captain of the beet of Britain^ was told that the king of Gaulivaa meditating mischief against hiin ^ mofeoverf he was commanded by the Idiig of Bi4iA&n tedepart froin Philadelphia, the chi^ City if the Pi^. vuices I Icst-peiadventurey Ike sci^antt of the ' m dmerlean, Bevolution. '»*i^i.\t»Utjy»'j.'%ij i^O. And on the morning of the next day# ba- lms eofiliAititided t6 assaalt ilie enemyt and give tHem battle. * 21« And when Henrys chief captain of the host of Britain, Was fold that the people of the Provinces were coming towai^ds hinrif he sent tlve stores, the hat^gagCf and all thcetuflT that appertained to the hot t^ awa^ i and Kniphaf»ffeu4 ^hfef captain of the German soldiers, liad eharge^ thereof. *! k% Now Henry was troubled. when he saw the people of the Provineest inasmueh as be was persuaded they designed to seize the store^^ ^$. Hierefore, he led forth tlie choice mea of Britain^ and fearing that there woiild be a sore eoniliet, he sent for a large notaber of the soldiers that were with Kniphauseui the €^r« man captain, beside a company of horsemenr to strengthen his host. ^4>. 'Ilien he led fortb the men of .war# and fhey moved towards the people of the Provinoesr who followed after Jice. « 95* And it came to pass, when Lee saw into the design of the men of Britain, he sent a mes- senger to Seottf who had under him a liirge number of valiant men ; and the words he put into the messenger's mouth, were nearly oft this wise, saying: .m i% not \f he lefort dgfye ^f th» of the le ten# or that ehatgt kwtho was mea be Ik |of the Ger- imeOf |» and inoesr into met- Ivge put this ...>i5 29. lytien thou eomest to ScoH, say ihoii unto him : (has saith hee the daptain> Tarry thou tu yonder MF^ood ^ntil I send thee wofd* '^^ 27. And the htesscnj^er dej^rteii; howbelt^ Scott perceiving that psh^ of die iiost were hi motiohy anid not knoHnhg the cause tliere^» h» thought it estpedfeiit to rernoveji and J^adcw^ s rtilftnt inan; itnd a ehfef officer k the. hpi^ Ibllowed after httti ; andSthe host oT ihe poople efth^ Provinces were eonfittSed* r!;C/ ^. And the men ^ Brftain ]^Hoed after thenit until they came to a town in the proyh'ica of Jersey, an^ there tlie people halted to refresh themselfesy for they were weary aiid i^nt witb heat. ^29. And the chief captdn; GeorgCf queried #itb Lee coneetnio^ the battle t now this Lea wira a man of a hatighty spiirUr and he was of- fended at the word» that proceeded out of the inotith of 6ear^^ and hes^Kike uoadvisediy with hift^lips. $0. But it Was s% that a(^r the men of war» even the host of the people of the ProTiuces^ were refreshed^ they took courage and assaulted the men of Britain. dlv And when the battle waxed aot» George sent two eaptaiAs * with their coinrianies» on Ihe right and on the left of the host of Britain^ 32w But it eame to pass» before tibey eould get to the appointed place, the night approaehedf. and the people betook themselves to rest» B3» Atid 6edrgef the ehief c^ptainf wrapped his eioak about hiin^ ami reposed himself under * Generals Poor, and Woodford. las ^Anurteait Metolation* ii tree; ami the warnors of the ja^at Sanhedrini la^ on the groundy roiiod about him. 8^. Now there were slain and taken eaptive of the men of Britain^ three hundred two score and ten persons, and two score and nineteen were found dead on the field of battle, on whose bodies were no woands, but they perished witli the heat ; for it was in the midst of summer* 4 35. And Monekt&nf a valiant man of the host •f firiiain, fbll In the ha^le ; and the host mourned for him with a great moumiag; inas- inuch as he was prudent in all matters relating to the war, and one of the ehief warriors, 30. And there were slain and wounded of the people of the Provinces^ about two hundred two score and ten persons, 37. Now it eame to pass, while it was yet night, that the host of Britain departed, and ftole away like men ashamed, and the people of the Provinces knew it not ; and the host eame to a certain place called Sandy-Hook» which, is. Iiigh unto the sea-coast, and George-, pursued ihem not, for the peqple were ¥eiry weary, 38. Now as the host tff Britain were passing; through the prciYinee (^ Jersey, there fell away from the host first andt|a8t, about eight hundred of the German soldiera, 39. Then after theso things, JBattri| went over to the city of Yorki s^d ^i the people followed after him. * 40, And the people rejoioedf Inasmuch a^ they had escaped from the host of Columbiaf for they had learned to fear ; neither did they deride the servants of the great Sanhedrim as at \ho beginning. % f'w '♦I. $lmeriean Revolution* CHAP. XXXtX. 1B» ■/^y^.) J The French fleet arrive at the Delaware, and pursue the Britbh fleet. Their detign frustrated — disabled by a storm- rendezvous at Boston. Action on Rhode Island. jflLlVD it was sOf that when the kin^ of Gafir had fitted out a fleet of ships, he sent them to the land of Columtiia to help the peofile of the Provinoesy and to light with the ships of the kiogxif Britain. 2. But it eame to pass, that the navy of the king of Britain escaped out of the river» even tlie great river Delaware, a few days bef gimeat of Anerteaa drafoonsi commandod by Col. Baylor, at old t'apaati. N: OW there was k ir*^*^ ^n the host 6f Brifafii, whose sor-natne was Or^cf ; he was a chief cap- tain In the host, and he went forth to seek forai^; and certain of the valiant men fVillowcd alter hiihy- and thcj went into the t)pen country. 2. And it was tohl a certain captain of the host Hf the people of the Profinces, how that the men of Brital|, were gone forth to forage and distress the husbandmen. $. Then he gathered together a band of nuen, and they were leathered together : 4. And the sur-name of the ea]itain Was Bay^ lor; ho commanded a company of horsemen : and they took their way towards a certain place^ called in the vernacolar tongue. Old Tapaan ; and beifkg weary with hard travellingt they tar<- ricd there. B. And when it was night, and the horsemen were fallen asleep ; lo ! the men of Britain, who followed after Grrt/, fell suddenly upon them, and slew them with a great slaughter. 6. Ilowbeit, . a certain captain of the men of Britain, spared about forty persons/ and they became captive to the men of Britain : he was not like unto Gre^^ the captain, for his bowels yearned towards the people^ when they pleaded for their lives. 7. O merey, jiiow amiable art thou at all times ! and what is the warrior without thee ! f I V it' I Jtttiiwinfriil A.sb^ . \w^, U hf) nojt a. I^arli^rian ? a ihbhster nhi loose tb Btowffi the huinan pace* oh yrliom the ereator bath set a mark, like he ditl oh Cain,' that all p^a, ihiay shun him as the destroyer. . , ^/i|U/l;he gfory df Britaih ^asseth aWay Irke a thaciowf her degent.ate sons f^ohdume her fkm^; #he ^ yerily, like tinto a harlot, whose yirtue |pi|t ?af|i«heu» anil whpse beauty is withered* f. 0' Albioriy thou wast once the desire of all HAjtions! thou sat as a queen ia the midst of ^arope! the mildness of thy laws were the ad- miraiiqn and enVy of (l»^' neighbours/ and thy sons were honored In foreign lands. V ;10« But now thou art lightly esteemed^ " and the people whom thou scorflfest are tieeorae mighty in power; yea^ the/ say within them- Belvesy The mighty are fallen ! and by the strength of our arms, we have brought down the pride of Britain! her haughly spirit is bumbiiBd ! the d.aytt of her triumphing is at an il. Bay no n^ore amongst yourselves. We will , be avenged on such a nation^ for lo ! you eould ^ not stand before this people. CHAP. XLl. • . , '■• • • " ■ ■ The British forces are successful under General f^etosty and Colonel Campbell, and establish themselves in Sa- vannah. ■.if. ' ,ND it came to pass^ about the end of the year^ that there was war in the Southern Fro- vinees, even in Georgia. > American Btvoluiiotu ■> UZ s 2. And the irien oMBriiatn'^thered thcfta- aelyes together under a certain captain* whose auvoname was Campbell ; he was fi-omihe country lef Caledonia^ and a servant of the Iking of Bri* »ain« ,.fy»^i.. (T. '*'"> »■*»' * 'i ' ' , 3. And the people or the ProVinoog wert gathered together under Robert, ^ who wan a eblef captain und^r the great Sanhe'drim. ^^ 4*. Aud he went furth before the people^ i6 oppose the soldiers of Britain, find waited Ibr •them in the way. 5^ And when CampheU heard thereof, he sent a niighty man of valor, whose sur-naroe was Bairdf and a company of soKiieri went along ^with him. . >/ ,v ; 6« Now these men took a circuit, and they had an. Ethiopian for a guide ; aud when they had gotten to the place appointed theni, then the men of Britain who were with Camphellf the captain, rushed upon the people who were gathered together under RobcrL 7. And the people were discomfited, Inas* much as the men of Britain environed them .round ahouf ; and there were slain of the people of the Provinces^ about one hundred, men, and four hundred and fifteen were made captives. 8. Moreover, iliey took a strong hold, that was huilt upon the river, even the river Savan- nah, and two score aud ei^ht destroying en- gines, the ships and the mercliandize ; further- more, they took captive, one «icore and eighteen ofBcers, and one score and three mortars, part of which were made of brass, and part of iron. 9. The chief t^wn of the province^ and a* ' '^ * General Robert Hawe. \^ * iU •iMertcofi HgcdutUm. ImBdance of tpolly and large itaret of provision for llie hoft ; git theie tblngt did the men cdT Britain take in tbe tpaoe of a few Itoun. 10. And after tliity it eame to pati, tliat a ehief captairiy wbose sur-name was Preooa^ and a lafg^ oonopanv of the servants of the king of Iprltaint Joined the former eompany^ and they beeame one band, and pitched their teojtiin that flaee. :;. 11. Then the people of the Provinoes vhobad escaped from the battle^ fled up the rivet* and eseapedy and many of them went to their own habitations ; for their spirits were 8uuken# be- cause of the men of Britain* 12. And there was peace tliroughout the pro- vince of Georgia ; and the king's courts were set up as in time past ; and there was rest and ijuietnesi in the land. V CHAP. XLU. 0«nerft1 Wayne's successful expedition at Stoney Point— tbe fort, after being in possession of the Americans a few days, is evacuated, and reposted by the British. T, UEN it came to pass, hi' the one thousand seven bundled and seventj^-ninth jcar of tbe Clirj^tian Hegira* in the seventh monlh, and opi the fii'ieenth dajr of the monlh; a chief captain of the bo&t of Columbia^ went against a strong hoId» caUed by the people; of the Provioce^f Stoney Point. 2. The name of the captain, was Wayne9 he Has one of |he worthies who foUowed after ■ * '■ K , ovition men of that a ' }$tf and king of nd they • ID thai lyhohad »ivev and leir own ieup be- L the pro- irfs were rest and •-. '..^.,- ^mtrkan Bevolulion. 't.'i -^rr 145 ney Points thousand tr of the ih, and on [ef captain a strong >ro\in€C9f ^ai|ne» be ;ed after CffMF^) die. 'ehief captain, and Uf name ^rai mueh set bjr. ' Sir Now the hold wai defended by yaHantimenf and no man eould approach filgh thereCOy but with great Jeopardy: Rowbeit VTaifftc put hit life in ^i« hand, and the men nrho were ^itb bim, weire men of Tiildtir. 4. And it was about the eleventh h^ur of tli^ nfght^ ^hen the people went against tbe hold to take' it. 5. And two small eompaniesy twenty in each company^ with their eaptains^ Gibbons and Knox, went before the men of war y and these were called the JV>r2om hope. 6. And it was so» as they canie nigh unto the hold, the men of Britain shot at them from the walls, and seventeen of each eompsmy were slain. 7. Meverthelesi, ITayne and the men who were with him, rushed forwards, as a wide wasting stream, and gat into tlie hold, and the garrison beholding the valiant acts pf the men of war, their spirits sunk within them. 8. Then . they delivered up the hold ai|d all that was therein, unto the^hief captain, Wayne, who took the garrison captive. 9. And there were slain of the «crvante of the king, about threescore and three persons, and five hundred and two teore and three men, were made oaptives. 10. And thei*e fell of the people of llteFk^' vinces, about fourscore and eighteen v^Rant men. 11. And the great Sanhedrim honored the captains : moreover, they gave to each of them N 1 146 JHw^aiean BttoluHon. m «i€dal« "whereoo was engrayed» a enrioiiB de- Yiee emhlematical of tbeir exploit. 12. To Waynin tbey g^ve a medal of fine gold '4«nrionf ly wrought ; and to the other two cap- 4alfli«» '^ io each of them a Bilver one^ wrought in like manner. '^i* i8« Furthermore^ they congratulated George, ..ihe chief captaint inasmuch as he by his wis- 4oro» bad projected the enterprise^ and had the direction of the undertstking. * 14. And the armour*bearer of WaytUf was promoted to be a captain : but the people spared the garrisonf and did not put them to deaUif as the men of Britain bad done. 15. And when tidings came to Henry f how .that the strong hold was taken, he gathered to- gether an army and came out to take it again, from the people of the Provinces. ' 16. Bnt when Oeor|r^ heard thereof, he thought it not convenient to defend the hold, iBasiiiuehy '^as it would cost the lives of many men, and the ^ hold was not so desirable a possession as to make it wortJi the life of one of the people. " 17* So tli6. people were commanded to depart i^^from thencey after they bad destroyed the works^ ^^nd removicd the implements of war^ and all the *^ stuff that was therein. 18. And Henry f who v:as the king's chief eaptaiOf tspk the hold on the third S^y after that the^ people of the Provinces had gotten |»vji- , session thereof^ ^. f Lieut Col. flmry^ and Maj«r Stewart* •Imm'eMii Jteoolutim. 1« '^'% CHAP. XLIII. »i ipain dcciMM war against Great Britain. PrMM^ingi •! , . the British in Carolina. mLs the tixth montb, on the ftixteeoth day oT the mouthy the kin^ of S[»ain joined himsetf t<» the enemies oi* the king of Britain. *'''' - - « t. For the servants of Qeorgef the l^ingf hai in a former wai^ -tal&ei a Htroui; Uold from tb» Spanish king, the name therecf was Gibraltar* 3. It was situated near tho sea^ aud was a debtrable piaec^ inasmu«>h as io sh^;> ooald pass^ without ttrst obtaining permissior. of the go- vernor of the garrison* 4« Moreover it was built u|^)Ott a rock» that looked towards the four corners of the earUi^. to the North aud to the Soutli» to Uie is^ast and to the West. 5. And the king of Spain behekl the hold with an envious eye^ inasmuoh as it was near unto his kingdom* and had been taken from him by the servants of George, i the king> at un- awares. 6. So he brought ^ stroi^ army against it» even a very great multitude, and he planted batteries against it, and essayed to beat down the walls thei^eof, but he ooukd not prevail ; for the hold was very strong, ^and valiant men de*^ fended tue place, and shot down the servants of the king from the battlements thereof. 7. Moreover the servants of the king of GktuU even a mighty army came against the hold, and joined themselves to the servants of the king of Spain; the bellowing of the destroyiog engines^ *;■ Ui Jimmean Metolutwn» -'IM. :^k wfts Bucb as bad dot beeir known In tbe reign of Gtorge, tbe king» nor in tbe vpiga of bU father/ nor bis fatiier's father* > 8. And tbe e^oferaoTi whoN^^ior^name wa» Ettiot, ani^i^]) the soldiers in tbe hold> gat great* hbopr ; the servaots of the two kiogs^ failed tn aecomplisb their enterprisey but were east do^n- in thcil* mindsy^ as Ifaou mayest read in the book ^ftJUliWMmu* Ibe scribe* and also in the book of the siegef written by an officer of the garrison, t^ 9« For tine scribe boldeth it not expedient at this time^ to reeord the acts of nations who were at war with the king of Britain^ save only the; people of the Provinees* with whein he had sow journed from the days of his youth. 10. Know then* that the great Skinliedrim»^ being mindful of their brethren in the Soutfaerii Protlnecs, appointed Lincoln ta be chief cap- tain» who was to order the battle against the men of Britain^ and to lead forth the people of the Provinces against them. ^^ 11. He was a valiant man, and dwelt in the Southern province* called CaroUnan and the chief city of the province was named Cj^arles* town. 1:2; This province was the Cblumbian Acel- dema : * rag^ and i^avenge twin-monsters from the infernal regions* stalked from house te house ! anil from cottage to cottage ! 13. Their voracious jaws distilled human gore ! and their impious hands were besmeared with the blood of thousands ! l^*. Mercy ! the darling offspring of heaven 1 tde friend of man ! beheld witb a glist^lUng eye • Th9 fidd of bloQ4 - ^ A l^9t n of heVf . uras feat" loWllh book kof on^ nt at were , f the- d so^ ca|^- itthe h of the the rles* lCcI- rom tot lan ir'd len 1 loye 'iV • ' * ' American Reoolutlon* i ••'!..■ on a,; Ibeir destrnctive ptogrei^St and drbpi a. tear the madness andfoUy of manl --^^ -H^^ 15. Disj9;ttstedfw#vth seehe* of crni^tjr ^ijH|t bloodshed, she flc%' to the bri^^t courti of ber father^ where ihe bewailed in secret- the dim •ffects of fle»triicttve war !; ' ■ 16. Here those wlio were brethren^ the senfi of onct rootherr strove t<^ether in tlMf llefd !" neighbour made' war upon netghbfiur ] aiid thoiie who had been united bv the strong bands of frieodsliip, slew each other I 3'ea» they watehett by the way -side, as the paather watchetk for the fawn in the forest ! 17. NevertlielesSf they ealled themselves tbe> diseijiles of the great Prophet and Founder ot the Christian sect; who is called in the Latin? tongue ^< Jesu- Christi Salvator Hominem ;" and who said to his followers,, ** Resist not eviU and^ love your enemies." ,. i8. < shalt enjoy with rapture the feast of reason^ if thyr feet turn not aside fcom the paths of rectitude*. 20. Wisdom shall dwell with thee, she shall make thee accyiainted with thy divine origin,, she will shew thee what a wonderful thing isi man ! *< How noble in reason ! how excellent in- fa|euUies I in form and moving,, how express and admirable ! in action, how like an angel ! in ap- prehension, liow like a God ! The wonder o£' angels,, the paragon of animals !'' h<;^u- >;• i« ^ f > 'jd ,- n« j^)* i^c^ sorprttcs the British gK^I^^ lit Powfes Ho#k; l'»«^ Unsuccessful expedition i^a^liil PchobscoU, "/►i • 41 ^ QW there yvas a eertain young man tv6t(i Virginia^ and bis name was Lee* ^ . rJi* He was a star of the first magnitMd^tn i\ih rising empire of Co1iimbia> he was a phief a- inong the warriors of the Provinces. 8. His rising glo^y slfone forth lilce the beams Qf-tbe-sun, his valiant acts eclipsed the famis of his oompanions ; they beheld in him the Wash- ington of a future day. ^ 4« And it came to pass* in the same year, in the sixth month) on the nineteen tli day of the liionth^ that the youog man« even the young man Lee, went against a garrison of the men of Britaioy at Powles He4)k. 5. And there was but a small com^iany with LeCf nevertheless they were valiant men^ whose hearts were true» and whose love forHhe great Saphedrim was perfect. 6. And the number of men who went against the garrisoii9 weL*e about three hundred two si^re and ten men. 7. And lo ! when they came against the gar- rison and assaulted it^ the men of Britain fied; howbcit^ one score and ten persons of the gar- rison were slain^ ^nA eight soore were talien captives. ^ ' 8. This was one of the valiant acts of the y^bung man Lee ; and. the princes of the Fro- vittces honored him with mstny" honors. J . ♦. Major "Ms. >i an ft*oni l^ in tlio phief a- le beams famp of e FFash- year, in y of the ic youiig le men of lany with D, whose the great it against red twa |t the gap- itain iled; the gar- ire taken ;t9 of the the Fro- "t •American Emtoiuiiofn. 151 '^^. 9. Moreoyer* they gave him a medal of f^ure golU of fine carved work, wrought' by the hands of a cunniii^^workmany that his children and his children's jliiidren to many generationlf might know of his valiant acts» and emulate his &me. 10. But it came t<» pass* after these things^ that the men of Britain, even a smaP eom|iany of them, were prosperous in another pilaee, even at Penobseott ; where they built a strong hold, and placed a garrison of soldiers therein ; and* the name of the captain of the garrison, was Macleane. 1 !• And when the people of (he town of Boston, knew of a certainty that the men of Britain were strengthening themselves at Penobseott they were troubled. 12. And they spake and said, Gome let us go against the servants of the king of Britain, and ehace them from our borders before they be- come too strong for us, (for the hold was not yet finished.) ""IS. And the men of war gathered themselves together, and they prepared armed ships, and Saitonstall * a mighty man of war, was captain of the ships ; Lotel f a man of that country^ went forth before the men of war. 1^. And the people went forth willingly a- gainst the men of Britain, for their wrath burned against the king, even as the fire burned upon tbe altar. ^ 15. And when the captain of the garrison was told that the people of the Provinces were com- * Com. Saitonstall, '* General Lovel. u \.: '9*, ^:fe, Ji'mMctin orik ing against him, he encfinpag^ the men of. the garHioii to strengthen the jifpA. .,, .^ 16. iHowbeii, it was nntJoished when the people of the Provinces came against it ; nevcn*; theless Jlfac^mne, the cap^n^^ the garrisonif^ refused to deliver the hold To the pe.ople of tbe^| Provinces. * tr. And when they had foujght against ttieholdT;! for the spaee of fourteen days, and werc( wearyr^ji because the men of Britain held it against the ib«<^ 18. Then the ehief men of wai; amongst the people, consulted together, what they should do^r and they said amongst tliemselves, Let us even/ now take the strong hold by force, and let the young men go forth in their might, and scale^ the walls thereof; so will the garrison be smit- ten with fear, and we will take them captives. 19. But it came to pass, that w!iile the people > were assembled together about this thing, lo I the tall ships * of the king of Britain, appeared nigh unto the hold. 30. Then were the people dismayed, ina»i- mueh as they knew that the ships were strong and mighty, and that the destroying engines in the ships were many in niimber. 21. And it was so, that the mariners in the king's ships, were too hard tor the men of Boston, and they were fain to flee into the wild- erness, and leave the ships a prey to the men of ' 22. And the people went every man to hi» own place, and the garrison was saved. ^ « Commanded by Sir Geerge Collier. . 't^,f w i ^ ' dmtriean the ..-^ the t the. hflil^f! heiB»9 t the^ i even^ t the scaler ves, leople lot ared ». c ;trong ie» in In the ;n of wild- leaof to hi» r <#* ^*'** «& liihj.J OJ^/l^JJTi. 9oi4theni expedUiooi-^l*«i«raT PrevosC mweliti A6wftr^ J»^ OW the Yi^V ^"!8^ ^^ many j^heey ia th^ load of Cohimbia : C Jh**^; a« It n A' might;); contineoty and U honndaiSl 1^ the lands atid seas near the Artio Foley on the North ; and by the Atlantro sea on the JSast; and' by the Southern ooean on the South ; and by the Pacifie ooeany which divides It flroni Asia on the West ^ the length thereof, being between eight and nine thousand miles, from North to South ; and about three thousand miles is the breadth thereof* 9. it is a land whioh our fore -fathers knew vmtf even Solomon with ail his wisdom was a stranger to it. 4. The eountry was called Golumbiaf in si- militude to the name of a famous sea captain, * a native of Genoa, w!io through many perils ar- rired en the eoast thereof, in the thurieen hun- dred and ninety-seeood year of the Chnsiian He- Sira, on the teeth mof^th, on theseveuteenth ay of the month, was the land found out. 5. And it came to pass, that the servants of the king of Britain in the Southern province, eveti^ hi Georgia, moved towards Pert-Royal in Carol i^, and landed on the Island to take pos- session of it. 6. But it came to pass, that MouUriCf a mighty man of war, drove tliem off the Island ; and a great part of the otficers amongst the men '^ Christopher Ctlumbus» I !!! 15* Jtnerican Revolution. > »4j i I- ^ of BrjtaJiiy wer^ slain; the name of their oap* tain* wat Gardiner ; * anil the number of the men wImh, followed i^ftet* hiiii, was abont two bundred. '^ ' 7. And there fell of the people of therProu Tincesy eight persons^ and the wounded were one 9eore and two men. NownNme of the persomi who wa» slain^ was fVilkina j he had ebargeof the destroying engines, and was beloved by the people ; he was the father of several children^ and was the first ofHcer in the provinee, ihajt wai^ . slain in the war with the men of Britain. 8. Then the servants of the king of Britain pitched their tents at Ebenezer, and they sent . messengers amongst the sect of the torieSf and said : If now ye are the king's friends, why then do ye delay to bi 11. Whereupoh the people being enraged, the|^ ^thered themselves together and pursued afte$ them, and a certain man whose sur- name was Pickens^ f went before them. 12. And they overtook the sect of the toriea * Major Gardiner. f Colonel Pickens. ^k .tl oap* f the ; two [*e one ^rsone rge of liy the ldren» Iritaln iy sent Bf and , why (len of yetUi ainfttir St their 5'wopd» p lurk- L out t<^ ountryf id their thej^ aftcf id, the] Bd me was e toriea ■T> can lUfeotuti^n. at a brook of walerr called Kettle Creek ; and they slew two toore of them» and reeovered the 8^011, and th^ir'ehief mdn was slaioj whose name was Boy if f ^ 19. And the resi^ae were disoomfited and fled to their own'honsesr and the people of the Pro- Tinees hanged five of them on a tree* even as a •bepfacpd bangetb a dog for worr3r|ng the sheep. ^^ 14. Now the servants of the king of Britain were encamped on one side of the river Savan- nah, and the people of the Provinces under Lin-' coin* a chief captain, were on the other side thereof, , even at the Black Swamp opposite to Augosta. ' 15. Acd Lincoln sent a chief eaptain whose iiame was •4»fi, f ^^d fifteen hundred of the servants of the great Sanhedrim,, passed over the Hver, and they encamped at Briar Creek. 16. But it came to pass, that Prevostf captain of the servants of the king of Britain, came upon them at unawares, and many of them fled; and seven score and fifty of the people were slain,'* and one hundred and sixty-two were taliea captive. 17. And JHoultrie, knowing of a eertainty that the men of Britain were strong and many» he retired from them. Id. Then lAncolnt the chief captain* sent three hundred of the n^en who followed after were with Jfttojif* r, t -i trie. help the peopl< 19. But the greater part of the people fol- ♦ Colonel Boyd. t General Ash. <^^ ' . ^ i : 1 1 111 ' i 1 I thief eaptam of the ^\ns'%m?mSiiFff¥mm yg^Ay to the ebief lowii'N' Jajf^t^pi^avfOfioi^r^jie South, tlienj^ pur^ii94 after fi^m,^^yifk ib 2i. Now th# ift^to^f 8rM»'tdl^4be;l^ va;>' along life sea^ooiUt^ ' aiiil.«i|fmHtrM> nni'thp men ^lio Wfi*e With faiui^ rcitiredi frills llie servants of the king. ^j*^* 'xB u^ isp^ ^/ii ^2, And (he inen ofBrita1ff%'entbti^tMli> way, And the inbabitantii of the t<»Wn md^ hMt^ V6 strengthen thetnfeekes, and ih^^' lniMt^t»litfl^ ments round about> and^flanti^d ' the^d«'ifM»yll% engines thereon. . vnlmi;.^!'^^^}?! •^ ' 23. And there were gatli^li^d t(^g)6thei' 'lii'lliib town, three thousand and three hWndi^ m^j^ who were all true iueu and sertants 16 fhegi^l Sanhedrim. ■> Genaral Prevost before Cbiu:1e8town7--Sut^diS^ Inrcmo^tio^^ rejected by the Biitish ; who being ifif^mied of thif^ proach of the Americans, filed off towards the Istihd^ near the sea. A iN '^ hM'i'^ih '1*^ ',- * ND as Frevost, the chief captain,, (ii(ai|l^ nigh unto the to^n, tbe.iiohabitaoteaodthejnieil of war consulted amongst fhenisehe^, Jo wim manner they should receive the wen of Britaiii* * C^arlcstown. 9J Aineriean Mttolulian* 157 *<■:. » . - : [fthii >fe I 'nil 'K''"^ 2« And they Benttneisengers (o Frteostt and olfered in tl^e name of the laliabitanU ot the provhucet to remain quiets aficl wait the issue of the wat between the iiinj^ of Briiain,^ and tlie people of the iProvinces* 3. And they spake and siiid : If the king of ArHain shdiild proV^ to6 strong for tlie peoplV at the Provineesy then we will be subject to the' khig ; but if tlie people of the Provinces should^ prove too strong for the king of Britaioy then we will serve the great Sanhedrim^ apd be as the rest of the Provinees. ^. Howbeity ^Prevost would hearken to none of these things^ but oommanded that the men in the town shauld deliver tlieniselves captives to the servants of the king of Britain. 5. Notwithstanding^ when Prtvost was told If^i lAncaln was a%h at hand^ and a large com- piay with him» he departed from the town ta the sea-eoasl, not very far from the town. [ 6. And there they pitched their tents ; and the people of the Provinces^ under Lincolnf also pitched their tents nigli unto the men of Bi'itain, 7. And it came to pass, in the sixth month» on the twentieth day of the month; that about twelve hundred of the people of the Provinces^ attacfked about seven hundred of the men of Bri- tain at Siono Ferry. 8. And the men of Britain were very strongs ibr they had cast up banks to secure themselves against their enemies ^ and the battle continued for ^e space of one and twenty minutes, and there were slain and woiinded df tl^ people of' the Provinces^ seven seore and ten persons. 1 ! I I o ^^r} f ii ; 'i' I ' I f i t58 American Btvolnlhn, *"9. And ttftherls,* a Tniglit;^ m^n of v^loi^, was slain ; lie was irom the country of Albion, ami hbl[ied the people against ihio servants of the king ; he had b^en a warriot^ in the liind of bis if^iivit;^, in tho days of his youth. • - * > ' -»**- 'MQ. Then riiany 6f the podplfe were dlkcolii- ^ted'amV grew weary of the wai*, and w^nt to Iheir own liousesy and followed after 'Lincoln) the chief captAin» no moi'e. 11. And tfio men of Britainf they also de- parted, and lialtcd not untiL they carae to Port* liOyaU where they left a garrison ; and the cap- tain of the garrison was named Maitland* f j,.f.. 12. The residtie journeyed on their way un- til they came to SaY^Hnaby tho^^place of tU^ifr encampment. 13. Now they plundered the inhabitants, and gat 'mut^h spoil ^ hour belt, it Mas not much to iheir honour, and the people of the land eyed them with an evil eye. ' fy < J. 4. * D'Estaing arrives on the coast — UnsticcMJlnii| cxpe, ditiori of the French ahd Americans against Savannah. ^ii^m'msm ^ J, ^ p xLVIi: *' " ''11 !:.t:Z Count .£4 0\V it caipe to pass, thatD'JS^tntn^, dii^f captain of the navy of th^ king of Oaul, came with the king's ships Into the river SavaiMiah'» to help the people of the Provinces to 4rive4be^ •.Col. Rohert«.^i^'* f Col, Maitland. W4 of 4iiifi*tcafi ^ Rivolutiou ; 159 was ami tl>e his om- it to dc- Port- cap- y iin- thipill » a)id ich to eyed ■ . . ""i ■ ^■ ">^% .-.is? a nan. .. i eame lal^ nmi of Bi^i^LiQ from the southern provioce, evca from Ci^firgia. > < j < , ^. AuJ the 8hip9 cast anchor in the rivery nigh unlo th& strong hold which the men ot'firi- tain occupied ; moreover* they blocked up the hfirhour so that no ship ooutd pass in or out, except those to whom the chief eaptaia gave pei'misaiain. 5. Now there were in the rivers four ships * that helongcd to the kin;i; of Britain ; and JameStf- a ^4llM^ sea-captain and servant to the king of' Brltftjn, was the commander of the ships. 4." And it was sot that the ships and all their tackling, fell a prey into the hands of jyEataing, h. And' when t!ie people of ^e Provinces^ heard that IVKsiciing bad and by a mighty army on the other side ; so we will enter into their strong places^ and the hearts of their valiant men will melt iiko wax, when it is spread be- fore the fire. 8. Then there will be rest in our land, and every man shall set under the shade of bis own forest, as in days pa^. and the shouting of the warrior shall be turned into melody, and songs of glaJness shall be heard in the groves. ♦ One Fifty-gun ship, and 3 Frigates, f Sir James Vyallace. ' . . I 1 il 1 !t I. : 1 i 160 ;- 9. The aflTrighted vireins thmn return to tlieir eotta^es, they ihall gather toeetfaer ai the olos^ of Che (lay 9 when they rest from theil* lahoort and tell to eaeh other the valiant actt df their helovedfl. ' ^ 10. Thusdid the people encourage eaelr ^ther^ ler they looked on the men offiritaint evt^n at the eagle looketh upon the fawn thaC tl0e^tl| tipon the jides of the monntabii of Alieffhlint;'^^ 11. They «ame forth in troops^ ana jonied tliemselvei to the aervantt of the fchig oMjttlib they esteemed it but a light thing to fi^tmmlt mrong holds, inatmoeh as tlieir oourage wn re- vived by thfe arrival of the sliips. ^ '^ -^"^^^ ±2. Now when II' KfCain^ ims befbrre tlie hehl, and before the people of the ProvidelfB und^r Xmcoin had arrhred, he eommaniled Prt^iti the captain of the garrison^ to deliver lip tile hold to Uve king hit matter. ' ' ^ 13. Now PreeoH answered D'Efffatnrwarll^;^ iiad the wordt that he spake were woM^ of 8Ub<* lilty^ and D^Eaiaing was beguiled thereby. I'll*. For Prevost spake after this manner, siiy- iTig : Spc^k clearly now to thy sei*vant and plain, that I nlay understand ; so will I send an answer back to thee» touching ail those things^ whei*eof thou hast signified thy pleasure. 15. Then irEsiaing an&wered and said : It ft not for me O ye men of Britain ! it is not for Uie' to propose terms to you. Is it not the part of the besieged to propose such matters I senif (here- fore in tibie, before the -jstroying engines fe^^ gin to east forth their thunders. ^ ■ ! C 16. Now TtfvAst wiahted only id' gatn^tmcV for he expected to be strengthened by a Isirge company of the soldiers of firitainj fronlBeau- American Revohition, lot > tlieir iiboar» : tlieir ^fherl vt^n «• ^«peth jotnetf wrw re- .^ptta ■^^. of 8Ub<* y- A. aBBwei^ v^hereof : Ttfa for tlie part of d lines 1^4 ttlsirge Beau- forty Mrlio WQiie e(Mn mantled by a faliaot maVf wboam 'Sur-nunio was MaiUand, \ 17. Thfsn 2Vheat't are eon-, fused thereby. .18. Then D^Eataim; answered and said: Speak now to me, and say how long wilt thou^ tl^t I wait. for thy answer ? < 19. Then said Pi*fivo^U tJie eaptain of ther king's garri^n : If thpu wilt grant to tliy ser- vants twenty and foi^r hoursy then will we re* turn an answer to all thiu thpu liast proposied. ^« A4id B^Eslaing hearkened unto tiie word« of Prfvo^^f, for he knew not that 1m3 spake ther words of suUtilty ; ami he granted the petition of the garrison. $1* A.nd it oame to pass, that befoi*e.tho eaJ of the given time, that Mtiilland, and the soldiers oftheluag of Qritairir gat safe into the hold f and the men of war shouted with i^ great shout. 2^» And on the evening of the same duy» ttie arniy of the people of the Pravinces» under Liiif c^ln, and the aivny of the king of Gaul> were joined togetlier* and became one band«. 33. And they besieged llie hold, and raised banks a^i^ihst it, and they planted tiie destroy- ing engines on tlie banks which they had oast jup;. ^I). Andf^the meh of the garrison strengthenei. tbie^hold^ and several hundred of Etluooians weier O 2. tm imnBfWmt \JK0Vimlrr a Ri I: reotimi of a man w«U sldlteKl^ 4fi sueh tna<)teu«^ wli(^«e«ui>^ttaiii«iiirti9'Jlf<^cW^4 * *; '^ una 25. Niiw #h6fi tbe tib«ti%!iig engines ht^gsik tQuiiettht&rihunden, l^evtostit tb^servaxi^ of tli« kingotBHImth and oiiiief cn^ia :of Ibe garrisoD) sent out a messenger to Fequeit^pan- .jnissioa for all 4^0 woa^n and obildFeitito have liberty to go out of the Md* .^-...n'h^m^s. til«vi^ .i.2jS. HowboUf the iObief eaptainsr ^'J^ftit^ wnd Lincohh rofused to grant bis rectttosl^ }m9* much as they suspected that Prevost only in* fended to deceive thend^ as be had abewa hiia- •elf to be a crafty uian at the beginning* '^ -n '27^. Moreover^ they expected the hold woiif^~ be given up in a shorter time» if the womeii aila children Avere confined thereiny and that thc^ captain made a shew of pity,; to len^hen ot|it the siege. ' " ''^ 2S. But It came to passt that the chief eit« gineers were consulted aboi^t the events of the siege ; who reported to the chief eaptaltosy that the hotd was too strong to be tak^n in tbiat wa^r, but with great loss of time. «^ 29. It Was therefore concluded, toneale thiy walls thereof^ and to storm the battlements^ ^ SO. And on the ninth day of the tentb months in the one thousand seven hundred and seventy- fiinth year of the Christian Hegira^ were the Uvo armies gathered together; even the army of the king of Gaul, and the host of the people of I he Provinces, 31. The soldiers of the fcing of GauU were \u number three thousand five hundred fightiog !l ■s<; *J5^ajor Moogrief. Jtmirkaw Befoalutkn. ^ to$ aitl of »f tbe 'H [ily in- i woiit^ neu ami hat the t;h^ettt kY6 tte leiits* " months l^eveiity- rere the army of people of ^^, were fighting men;; and of.tto utrvatftt of the great Sanhe- dHoif six hundred vatiant men^ ami three hun- dred two score and ten persons from CliarleB^ ;t0wn^ who went willingly to the battle. io Bi& They went oil towards the bold like lions^ and like fierce liona they rushed on their ene- inies l^^ripo*^'!*^ '•-•.• -. -. .^"^55. But It came to iiasAt that the men In the hold stood ready, every m^n with his weapons nCwar; and^ the destroying engines belohcd out their thunders^'and cast down many to the earth ! .', )ll; ^ And the m6n of war were fain to give ground, and iled from the fury of the destroy- ing engines; and the men of the garrison got ^eat honor. ^ 35u And there were slain and wounded of the ^servants 0^ the king of Gaul, »ix hundred one 'seore and seventeen men ; and qf the people of the l^rovinces, two hundred. PolaskU a notable warrior, was wounded even unto deaths ^ 36..' Now the number of the men in the garri- son, wasabout three tbousand, who were mighty men of valor; and not many of them were slain^ inasmuch as they were in a place of defence^ and secure from the assaults of their enemies.. ?!:- 1 Hh ,'"^f-^-^^ \ Vf- ;>^«. 1 - 1 i'iji 1.1 I) ■I ,[ !| n m. :i ; . i '0 !1 fi 11 1,1 i !\\ (' ^i i; •11 .ii^i^iiiir'k<^i^ei^ ion besieges Oharlestomi^ ^ ^t/f^ hiiK-,^ ■I'i^ .*? '^^^r »',. &c* j^ 6W whferi ie was t6td to'Cfinfon, elilefcjip--' tain of (he men of Bntain» y^j^p were wari-in^ with the people of the Provimnifs in the land of Cb1utnbia» that D^Estaing wa» beaten in battle^ and had left the coast. . • , ,^ ^ ^ ^, 2. Then he prepared to go^fi'tjie SouWiern' Provinces, iind renew the War fn t!i ose parts : fol» he thirsted after honor, and the renown of the warrior was precious ill his sight. ^ 3. Therefore he gathered together a choic# eonipan^'; and put thein into the ships af the king h^s master ^ and ^rbuthnot was captain of the ships. 4. And he Mi Kniphamen to be captain in Ills stead) in the cit)^ of New- York. ^ 5» Then the ships> with the armed n^n, an^^J. great store of implements for war^. launched forth into the great deep. 6. Now the voyage was pei'ilons ami they weiT'C in great danger^ and the horses designed fop the war were iostj and many of the destroy* ing engines ; nevertheless, the men got safe to land* 7. In tite year one thousand seven hundred and eighty* in the second month, on the eleventh day of the month, did the men of Britain land ; and the place where (hey lamled, was about two hundred and forty furlongs from CharlestoWi|» the chief city of the South province^ called Ca^ roUoakv- * Tr',»»^»?r- «t ^ '«iii*;4^^ yr ■-* •ftmerieoA JU^§luU l« tutateSj, f cap- ining Mid ot* litlierii parts ; own of choict)^ i of tUc ^taia of Cain ia an^^ luacUeil d they ^signed [estvoy- safe to 8. And they i^Ucbed lUeir tents on John's Island^ al StoOo Fetiy ; and not iimny days af- terwards^ they guineil possession of Jaine^^ Island^ and a eertatn place oalled in the lan- guage of that eooiilpy9 Wappoo Cut. 9. Then they pitched their tents on the banks of the river, even Asliley river» opposite to the city. 10. Now the goyernor t ^ tlie provinct;, whose name was Rutledge^ commanded all the people to come forth against their mighty adversaries^' the men of Britain. 11. Howbeity they were not mindful to obey Ifae governor ;. for tiie spirits of thi people were quenched, they rememirei*ed the battle at Sa- manah, and fear took hold of their miuds. 12. Nevertheless, the pejitple who were iathe t^wn, behaved themselves vallaotly, and toiled hard to strengthen the towo ; aud Lincoln was over the men of war. 1$. And the men of Br^cain were sti*eagtheHed by twelve hundred mei h't>m Savannah, and they besiegetl the city i»*mid sit^^^ut. 1*. x\nd they casi u ? ?)ankb Uf^ainst the city^ and prepared to batrei' ih^ walii^ ^.hereof; aod the town's men also made ready for the battle^ 15. And the ships of the king moved up tbef river, and as they passo I by the Islnnd of Sul» UvaUf Pincknetif a captain and a valiant. man> shot at the ships and they wer" marred* 16. A))d it came to pass, in the fourth months on the twentietli day ol the mentis ." (hat Olinton^ the king^s ei^tain, was strengthened by three, thousand men, from the city of York. ^ 17. Therefore, on the morning of the next day> the men of war^ even the chief men in th» El > i I i! nil.;; Ill , 'r: !!! .1 1 ' i i im 4w^ii%9^v9^«^4i iiii^lb^ supposc^l that tie sbooUL s^optly take, the f^ity ^i)id aU that was thcireiiu ±9^ Then the. people wliow with lincola fought Taiiamlyy itud j»hot at the men of Biitala from the hattlements, and from the walls of the city ; and moreover they hoped that their brethren in the Pioviucesn would c»me to their help. £0. E,.t when all hopes were fled, and the men of Britain were preparhig to assault tiie town ; the men of war who were therein, judged it to he most expedient ta hearJken to the woinli of Clinton, the king's captain, lor ihe^ir could not^loog wiiUiiiiana the force of the deslruy^ engines, \ihich cast imt of their moutiis ftarQ^ things, and horrible to name * ^ 21. They were called bomhs, and were made of iron ; they fell into the town, they burst asunder, and the broken pieces thereof fl^w about the streets of the city : and woe unto that man that was smitten by them ! Yea verity, for they niaiTod whatsoever they touched, and re^ spected not the person of any. 2^. And in the lifth month, on the eleventh day of the mohth, the city was delivered up to the men of Britain ; and the men of war that were thereiff^ became captives to tho Jii^.of I|i:i|ain. * >- ^ ",;!iS. And on the nM>rning of the next day, Id€8^ lie^ a ciiptiiiii and servant of the kiiig of Bc|^|^i^ took possession of the town. :V ^^ m^Yf Ihe slain and wounded of the i»en of M^iH^n^'^eeMmf^ £^ s shoals ' BrUaia is of tUe at tkeir to their and the jauU tlie I. judged he words ley could 8stPoyW»i lis fcarfiw ere made iey burst •eof fl^w uuto that [erily, f(>r und re- eleventh |red up to \var that uie^ oi' |day, JU^ B i»ea gsf p0ra»n»^ ati4 of t^ feofl^ 6f the Fro^dei^ ab«ut tlie same number. ""'^/-"rli 23. And tlie nlitnher of the eaj^tiVes taketi in the town, were flVc thousand men; hoiiiikeity the snMiers nt the garrison were odij two 4hou-*' daind ire hundred : and amongst the captive Sj, were a large number of the chief men of the Provinee ; and four hundred of the destroying engines were taken. urn CHAF. XUX. Bubstquent opcrauioos in 3«ii(h Carolina, 1780. A KD it came to pass, in the fifth month, on ^e twentjr-second day of tile month, that CUu' ton sent forth a decree throughout all the South- ern provinces. ^. And the Wtit'ang of the decree was made l.nown to all the pei^ple ^ and the subsfimee of. the decree was on this wise : 3. That inasmuch as the servants of the great king, the king of Britain, have overcome all those who rose up against him ; 4. Therefore, be it known unto all people* unto whom this decree shall come, as well th«. inhabitants of the cities as of the forests, h 5. That from and after the date hereof, if any one shall be fm\n6 to disobey (he commands of yie king, or ni?pose his princely powcr^ eittier ill word or deed ; 6. Their houses shall be taken from them^ n mf-.i . til! 1; ■ii' 1«S 9 „: i tliiefr%iiit tni tbdrlHMikt illMiM %i(B«Aii<^« mf i»4lb« iieHravU of llM^*ki«g f «nd Uiej^ 4iail'l)€ meomNited ai aUtnt anil enemies to^ hii> rofal lionsfii and ^il^ ^ dqirke4 ^ow^ kiehoUbufp^ Ike iniile» of hii^bMilgii coiiiilefiaiieti^Ti: la >*^m {nff iolheie Proiiiiee8» wli^ ImKve epiii|imii)4 grieifoua sIdi acainil the person or Ifiiits pf ^U* great kiog^ viKkscs i^Wfsr b janlKuaitded* ^^ ivbose merey is great toifVDtrde Ih^ disobedient | 8. Let lliem itislanllj ccine into our presenrei and confess their crimes^ and the ro^al seeptre shall be extended towards thein^ and their re* beliion shall be. blotted out of the king's book. 9. And they shall be called the king's friendSf and be pronriCted to lionor ; yea^ tbcy sbali have a name amongst bis eiiief servants. 10. Now the men of Britain were lifted Up ijoi their niinds, for they supposed that the spirit rf rebellion was quenched in the Southern Pro* vineesy and that the people were subdued, '■ 11. Howbeity fearing lest their brethren from the other provinces^ would come and stir them up to rebely they placed garm^s»DS of soldiers in many places in the province. 12. Then Clinton, the king's eaptain^ left the province, and r^^nt back again to the city of York, 'and great part of the host went with him $ howbeit, he left four thousand valiant men, to keep the Southern province ^ and Cornwatlie was chief captain over the men of war. 13. Now, though the ihhubitants were hum- bled, ^nd the fear of the men of firiCain weighed down their spirits, nevertheless, they secretly desired their overthrow. li« And they communed together in secret. V ^. i4« mill dient i rcsencCf I aceptre heir re* \ book. led Up % ! apint of era Pro* ii»en fpow* itir them tldiers in u left tb» [e cily of itbbimi meWf t® lere bow- ^eigbcd secreilj in secretf fAmifkan JRevo7tih*or|» i69 and encouraged one anotlier to hope tliat tbej * ililHi^oic'tiero was..si^«ftiiaii« maa^ 0f tbat eaiin* fryj vrM ht^A wtmvAiM^ii i^^ fbJb ]p^i ihaymi'^ 4 ttvomlolbe Aides of^lkf men of war, andbis^aie^ivai iSfiiii^ it/ ^PfiiHon, alkb lyas aiid vfat, ^aliaiK ffi^Httlet tbre^e tyro m^tif Were Ukehoni« ets ^ they let the m^it of ifiri^in have no rest aQ the while they remained in the nrbvhiee* ■ , 17. They freqiic^tly came upon them at nn- nwares, and surprised them {iv their places of defence. .;..■'■ .,^ •,.„,.... ,.^,. ...t.,. , ^.l,. 18. SueciBedfiig generations will hear x)f tlieiir fs^HICy and rejoicip^ and their. TalianI acts will be knoM^n iri distant kingdoms ^ strangers aJiall pratsa them hi the tti^eets of the eity; their names shall be mentioned amongst the valiant of the earth ; even as the worthies of David, are ihentionc^] in the Book of the Chronicles «|f the kings of IsraeL . 44 ^' CHAP, ti^'T"^^ '* <*• •^» ' ^*'' The Battle of Camden, successful on tlie p«rt of tijc Bri- tisfe. 1780. N .»',*7' OW the prhices of the ProTuices, even l^tf great Sfiilhedrim, were troubled at the tidlngi from the Southern provhice, . .. * |.^ And they consulted together, how lh«y ^^liN'l&^fe t^ Col. Suift«pt«l\ i^^ ; rf.:S!». ;««« --^ ! K n 170 Jimeriean Betoluiim* tnould help their brethren ivbo were oppressed by llie servfiiitp of the king of Britain, ^ lli And it «iime to pass^ that the j cast their ejes on Horatio^ * remembering bis valiant acts# gnd how he Jook captive the Northern army « Li)^* And ^h'eiv a eonvenient. time was eomcu jDtf appdinied noruiio to Jeadiorth an army to ohpose tbe men of Britain in the Southern pro- tlnce^ even in Carolina. 5. And Boraiio and the men who followed after him* journeyed fon;v&irds^ and came to a place, the name thereof was Clermont ; wA he published a decree in tbe name of the great San- hedrim, wherein he invited the people of Uie {irovince to join themselves to the host of Co- umbia, who were come to drive the servants of the king from their borders. 6. And it was so, that a great multituda flocked to the banners of the great Sanhedrim ;- and the number of the peopk who were with UoraiiOf was about four thousand men; mf^ 7. Nevertheless, there were amongst theni only nine hundred fighting men, and three seore and ten horsemen ; the residue of the host were called militia, who were not to be depended upon in the day of battle. . j,^ ; 8. And when Cornwallis knew of a certainty that Horatio was coming to offer him battle, he hastened to meet him, and about one thousand i and seven hundred footmen, and three hundred! horsemen followed after him. 9. And they came to Camden, nigh wherej Horatio was encamped, in the eighth moathy onf tbe fifteenth day of the month $ and when the] * General Oite*. iiii ! I pressed 3t their ivX aeUj riny« i% come* army to icrn pro- followed [^ameio a • and he 5reat San- ple of Uke fOstofCo. ^rvants of multitude ^hedrim y were witU ilU ^♦jii'*^ mgst tliem three score B host were e depended a certwnty 1 hattl&t he tnc thousand [r«e hundred I inigh vli«i'e b mouthy on 4 when thel ^y^BrtCiffo r*! h V in sun was 86t» ^he army of Britain went 4V>fth:te fall upon the ])eo|ile of iho Prof meosy in their camp at Ciermonl. -^ 10. On the sanie night did Abrxttto 90 for^» Uiiid tlie liost of the people followed after him ; aod^lteame to paisr that tiie^ w^^^ met hy tbo tervatitt^ of the kin^ of ilHtaint ai>d •Armaady * a chief captain of the arinyy and ^j^o led the horsemen^ was assaulted hy the , horsemen of Bff taiiiy and the men who were with •irmand were discomtited aod ded* 11. Then were the men of war confused^ and wist not what they should do: howbeitr the pieoplr were brought inta right order and kept th^r plaoes ; nef erthelefts» a valiant man, in whom Horatio put great eonfidence» wajs slain. 12. And when the dawning of the next day Ippearedy there was % very fierce battle ; and it ^ame to pass, that the men from Ytrgiofia, even the militia of that promeOf were terrifledy and iled from the men of Britain^ who rushed upon them as the hor^ie rushed into the battle. "^'- 13. The militia also from the province of North Carolina, they iled from tlie men of Bri- tain : howbeit, the people of the Provinces who were fighting on the right f of the ho8t» behaved iralhiatly, 14. Nevertheless^ they were fain to give place to the soldiers of Britain, who drave them from off the field of battle, and pursued them upon swift. horses, and the captain of the horsemen was named TaHe^on. ^^ tB* Now there was a foreigner who had joined * Col. Armtnd. t Right Wia^. -J*; *4i.J:, iV_, -. 'tV^^' t '^ ?•';>{ ifr i7ii American BevohUion, llitnflelf to the people of the Provineefl» and wtff tkilfeil \n war ; he was next Co Horatio^ he waf •tiled a Barorii and hii name wat Kalb ; thii man \9M sore vrtitmcled and tik^n oaptivOf and the neiLt duy he diedi fdp his woundt were gelt' vous ; ahd the princel of the Provinoe« ordered a munument to be erected to commemorate hIi worthy u^t».« ^ >- ^ 16. And the ihen ofBrii&rti took ft*om Wira" fio, eij^ht ofthe destroying engindv and of car- Tjages^ ^ two hundred, and great store of f^oodfT and stuff Ibr the host. ^ "^t 17. And many men were «f ounded and slaia in the battle : aiid after these things^ many of the people of the Provinces fell away to the meqi, of Britain, for thr^y were restrained by fear froni kelping their brethren any more. 18. I>fow when tidings came to the king^s ehief ^ounsellor^y that the people of the Provineea were smitten before the servants of the king^ they were very joyfuU and they praised Corn* wuHis^ the captain; and they prepared to «trengthen tfiemselves yet more and more. 19. Yerilv they were like unto men who are In danger of drowning in deep waters, who see- ing the small branches of the willow floating^ upon the surfaoe» they hastily g^rasp theffli and their hopes perish^ ^ 't' .•'. if ■■% Ameriean Becaluttoif« tTfi Dt, And vfM ttiOf he wat Kalb} iblr ia[Hivef and ,g were grle- ioe« ordereil lemoraia tils * ■ ^-^ 1 - from HhrA*: y and of car- tore of it^odfK ed and sla'm ,gs, many of \^ to the liieii, ibyfeiir from e klng*9 ehicf he Province! of the king^ raised Corn* prepared to [d more. en who are ,r9f who see- illow iloadngf kptUemi and CHAP. LI. .. - * ?* imor fergiMon of tli« 71st JRe iment, in active piTlv«tiif ^. atimulaUs the dUafftcted to take up arms in support of I the Briiish jrovernnient — afreet number of thU description t, tmbocUes and after an obatiaate reaistance arc defeated^- ¥*erguiu>n is slain, and the residue made prisoners. T, HERE was a man In the army of Britali, who was zealous to serve the kiog* and he waa a valiant laan ; he stitTed up the (leople to joio the men of Britai' gainst the jieoplet even a- gainst the servantii oi' the great Sanhedrim. 2. And he went to the dwelling places of the sect of the tories, and encouraged them to 6glit urider the banner of George, the king» and to make war upon their brethren. 5. And there were gathered together^ a large company of the sect of the tories, under FergU" soUi and they were encam\ied on King's Mount - aln» and they were cncoura;;ed by the se: vanta of the king of Britain* 4. And it came to pass, that when it was known unto the people of the Provinces, tliat the sect of the tories were encamped on King's Mountain, and that they were encouraged ay the servants of the king of Brilain i 5. Then was the wrath of the five chief me» kindled against the sect of the tories^ and against the servants of the king, was their wrath kind* led, 6. And they gathered together an army of men, who went forth against the sect of the tories^ who were enean^ed oa SjDg'a Mount ; Pa T... IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // ^ >^i 11.25 1^ U£ 12.0 M. SI.6 Photograiiiic Sciences Corporation ^^^ ^S^ V •V c\ \ ^-\ ^O^ 23 WiST MAIN STMIT WEBSTER, N.Y. MSM (716)t72-4S03 ^ -^o ;\ 6^ •v n mit' I I hV '^4 \ a mmm Bniiaiabu. J' M tike names b(^^1lv«fliioe'(ofl^^ liaa* and the rest were f^*«ih tl^ |Ni»tlnee of *V^^nkiif 'ifbsik the eweet «ee»ted ntait c^w- ^a^- efevav^ilMeowsypiiipr^irelhiett'^efatiiurea 0f Albteir, fW aliuadaBee. ^- v ' 7. iAMd the Me^t ef the teHea wereeayjcieiied VQUiid about 1^ nad at lie ^ple «gP i\^J^yimf^ ascended the noualain^ they were driven baek again bfjr tlie seei of the toi*ie8 : bowbeit^ ^hejr Demauied near Ihe moualaiiiy and shot at the people on Hie aiountaia» and W&ngmon waa slain* '¥ B^Then was. Uie «#at iMf thf^ toHes sore, a* saafte^ and their sfMrlta failed within thf m wlien they saw theip ohampion was slain* aAd they l^ fall their weapons of war» and tliey were aU taken captive. 9. And the number of the sect of the torief who were taken ca^ive^ was about eight hun« (pr<^, inen. 10. And the slain and wounded were three liundred persons^ and of the people of the Pro« Tinges there were not many slain* it. Hewheit, a valiant man whose sur-name Was ITfKtaniiSf was slain; be was an enemy te |hoking» and sought to oppose to the utmost^ the designs of the ehief counsellor of the realm of Britain. "^ 1^ And it was so^ that when the seet of the' ll'ot'ies had Submitted, the people of the Provioees Ranged ten men of them by the neekt nnd they i^ere strangled with ropes made of the hempen .weed» until they were dead* id. And when it was made known to Copn- ^mfiffi lb«t iPtrgv^on Ufa* slain^ he was troablet^ tiftMfioM .RilpliititfiK mi Cam/h knee of tgrew- •iiliires I vieeiied enlNiek ^m wlien were qJJL le torief i»e thre^ live Pro* enemy U e tttino^^^ be realm eet of tii& ^avineet Hndtbey e hemfeii to Copn^ troabledi and lea¥i«9 a ^m men at Ciimdem i^ fled to WeQii^derMiph. 'l%eiiitke^peo|||e ia jLlie S^M^- am pcovtae^ wfie lea^ jit^AhfJ^ • Audi irbo detired to ojiangei.: - v# v v. ;. t* „, ^ 1%. The/ lottk eeufa^r - and fatherad. ibam- •elvee togedMr uqdtr Sim^^ ^lu^ was aiiite a abief oai)tain * by the great SauMtrHii* . H«t - if. fie ooacaaJDd himt^ aod hU flMii». near Ihe^ rfcvers^ evea tb^ firoad ri.veii« the Tiger river* and the river Evofee. v t . . : ,^, - 16. And they eame out of tii^r lurking plaees^ and they fell apoa the men «€ Britain at una- wares : fiavv this inan» eTen ^Uin^ter, was a thorn in the sides of the servants of the king of Britain) and they feared to go fertk ia small eampanies. CHAP. LII* r CiMierat AxnM% kretcberjr discovered, Andre takea «mI executed* A. .XD It eame to pass» in the one tbousand seven hundred and eightieth year of the Christian Hegira, in the ninth monthy^ on the twenty-drst day of the months that Satan entered the heart i^f BenedicU ^ And he tempted bim to deliver up the •trong hold» f of whiob Qeorge, the chief eap* tuQf liadmaoA him governor* (even to the ser-^ iiants lOf the king of Qritaia>) for l(ieiir)|^ tba i Weit PoiiUL ±76 •Antirkan Beoolutidn^ ehlef eaptain/ had ofiered him large store of fo|d^ and of silver; « moreover^ ^ he promised he MiouM be % ehief eapiaia in the ariny of Britatn* ' Sm And^ Henry «ent a yon^g man whom iie loyed to SMna/i^ lhi» iMisinesi with Mmedktp an^'the yoHOg ma»Vnanieiwu«Aitdr«l he was beia?ed by the host of Bri|iiin» and his name was laaieh ift^^y ; he was a el^ef man * ja-the hust^ and vaiiant in wav» and where the hrave werOt there was. he* *^: 4. And' the j^eoqc man, «liidre9 went into one ef the ^niall armed vesseiSf of Hie lung of Bri<» tatoy and the vessel moved op the Nevth rivers not many farlongs from the hold. 5. And when the ereninis^ was far spent, B^m^ dkt sent a boat to the vessel, to bring theyeung manf Andre^ to land. ^. 6. Af^d wheii he was eoroe safe to land, he consulted with Benedict eoneerning all thingt where«if he had written to ISenry. And the dawning of the day appeared, when, they had ended their business* . ' 7. And when the young man wouhl have gone haek again to the vessel, lo! she had moved down the river ; for the people of the PToviifees had annoyed the vessel with some of the destroj^- in^ engines ; and the boatmen feared to row the boat to the vessel. , 8. And ^R^dict spake to tAndre, nearly oil thiswise: Behokl! now the vessel in whieh (ybwtt earnest is removed* and fear hatli taken Jbold of the boatmen ; therefore, it wilt be better for thee to tarry with me this night, and on tlrie viorrow, verily, thou shalt fgi on thy mf^ ami 5 A4|aUat GsBsnL e of d'he Ui)ii« aiie kust» wrerdf -I to one fiid, He thing* a the y had ^e gone ivhfees |e«troj^- iwthe irly ^ whieh taken better on tife ipVt? 't^i .. -I- f^'(l ♦.Ttn'r'v^ r *^^* •i'> \it I*... ■rJi-t 177 HHtHpfiVd j^odUK t«totl ihftir ebii^act ttree to the city. r^ 9. So the jrofiag mim> e^en Judr^ tarried wkh Benedict; and fearing le^t t^me eP the peotile'of the Pre^neeo sUaald take him fbm i«r?aii€' of the klag of Britiiln» he ^ off file ioldler^'alppdreir flMdriirrajred hinMOlf to j^tAh dOtMiig<» and ehaq^ hii name. '^ 10. And when a oonTenient time 'was eome^ he took his leave of Benodic^i^ who'f^ave him a evilten paper* ealled by the people in thojie dajr8> a pais ; and it Mra§ so, when any of the people were shewn the written paper, they suiferad Ike mapi to bokl.oa his wfyr in peace. iU Thea went tAfidre forth» and journeyed towards the eity, even the eiry of Nee^Torkt 4.nd as he was muting upon those thingst about whioh Henry H^ sent hiiiiy lo * three men yrpw^ a lett to him in the way, i.i. And the youqg man called out to the ii^q» and queried with them, saying : From what part of the country are ye, and where is the place of your rest? Ijk And the men answered and s:^id ; tfeare dwellers and inhahitants in the country hefor^ theof and we are servants Co the king of Britaiiii ttbwbeit) the^ spake in the subtilty of tii^ic^ hearts. . ' ,\:^y^^^i i^^ .^ 14. 'I%en the young man re joioed» and she we4 not hiis pass» but said : £ven as you arer so ^ I; my business is great» and reguir^s hasre^ therefore jtay ioq not for I am an odlaer of thef king» aiid thfs oUef captain bat^)^ need of m^* 15. Now i^fidre wist not that the men were enemies : howbeity they laid hold on himi and took him to their captain ; and th^ found writ-* (r,k •itOTiuTAT^a nrjoh^m^. m.u'i m ^^fhM^^W^ff^ irfhiit b^^ wwi«i*tWI>WP# ,lMt weir0 ftun^ p^^^^^ voi maBf Djr am^j^teog^r, to G^r^^lh^ cbi^f« %MI I JMI^ the ycMing man, even tbie ymmg thai! •flfioil^r^ie'M^^ lettei^ to tboiHbK^ uiifitoil t for be was a r^sktjr Writer, ai(l hi* wbrdi w^M eiiCieing ; the 9oafid ihereof, was as the iott^ of a w^l-tun^d instf iimeiit* ' ; ; ' ■ 17. And Andre also sent a written lefier to flewsdiett and Informed him that he was taken iaptive, itnd bis journey frustrated. .•> ft. t 18| And when Beued^t read the li^tterr ^m lips ^ntveredf and he was sore amazed^ ^n^^e liastily ealled fur his young^ men who were fliiftf- fill to him, and h^ gat into a boat^ and the meis rowed the boat to the armed Tessei in whicli Jindrt had sailed from the eitj* , 19. Now when George^ the chief oaptafnf bad received the lettersr he was astonished ; inas- imuelit as be had surely betieved^ that Bmedict was a true. man, and immoveable as the rbek on the sea-shore ! For had not the princes of the Provinces dignified him witli great honor ? inii[^s* inneh as he bad^hewn himself a valiant man in battle* 4 20/ And GeoPgef the chief captain, appohrtiTd a council of his chief men, even i^ehfef cap* taint of the host; and the young mani ovea dfi^tf was brou^t before the oauneil. Sl« And when the council queried wHb||}fn» concerning those things whereof be sloodac* eosedy be si^fiswered witb dignity^ eomposiiie^ * C9I1 JftSMSOB. ^meriean Bevolulian* ir9 hnu ter io .i > ■ iie inett \enedfct le rtmk erf the man in lief eap* I, •▼€!! Mm* ac- and truth; his'^k^ttnfttfty dlft not foriSte liiiD^ in the. hour of extremity. . ^ 1^2. His Judges, eharmed tritk' his ttoedini* p)p9h||ieAtfy were willinff to forget the ibe, in iH^ yonihdA vfHtviov : Aey would gladly huve l^ii^id tOYne other ohjeety to saeriflbe unon the l^^^r of ^ustioe, a^d publie opinion ! ^ ; '-^ '\!^''i'bey regretted the fatut nect*^^^ of etit- i^ 00* from seeiety, in the prime of lifb, a yautbr whose engaging befniyi^r had captivated their afrecdons ! A shining p^Jl of all that was excellent! AChristlan» agenilc^ant astholarf ahero! ^'^ ^ i24r. Here the scribe would willioglyMcaw n Teil over the closing scene ! suffice it to s^y, that he 4ied regrelted by a host of foes| iiot personally so, but to the cause for which be fell. 25. Even tbe liardy veteran, whose nervous arm» had dealt death and destruction in the well fought- field, felt the force of humanity ; 'and ^the tear of sensibility trickled down his sun- Durnt cheek! 26. £ven the scribe, at this late hour, hath e^ught tbe soft qonlagion ; and is not ashamed toaeluiowledge» that tbe fate of tflndrff entered deep into his souL $7* Ye fair daugbtert of Albion f lay aside your ornaments, your silk and scarlet apparel ; an4 put on mournlog for «indi«/ Tbe aceom- plished «Afidrs is no more ! S8. But in the midst of your sorrow,: lot^a be your consolation : J^ndve died not as the fhol dieth ! Superior to the terrors of deaths he be- held his last moments approaeh withdeeent fbr- titttde» tad a serene and j^easing eomtenanoe ! 180 Jlmeiican JkvoItUiofr. TtoiBandf a!||,,lfiHK.^ IliftHf mAv lament hit early fall ! , n^Sij Xm$ waA^lkfKiatAlfriiit of «li«iMs1lti4r««i'! Th04eta>'^iMi4^njf^ ¥r|t> vu^ljft^B pl€«8UM> (be aoHi(ti|u^0l^ W plains of* Sarat«|;a9 serve onlj' to blaze folpl'i^i)^ . ^ deatli oClhy>iliftie« ' *fm^i^-^ - '^J'' -:;';,„. 31. *Thymmt sball ti6 inore be mentffoiied itf tbe son^ i^ the virgikis, nor sball the etgy^ll frf, honoiir encircle thy temples. * % **/ S^'%111 not every one that meets tbee» -poinl; ^iti the finprer, and say : Lo ! thete goeth Ibe mail who sacrificed 1ms honour on tbealtaroC mammon, and bartered a^vay bis good natte for (be salie of filthy lucre ? CHAP. Uih General Greene is appoints to the command of the Soul^* •rn army, in the room of liberal C^es. Successful ek*> peditioiii of Lieutenant Colonel Washington, &c. I KjaU*' N the year of the Christian Begira, onetboK- sand seven hundred and eighty, in t^e 8ixt}i month, on the sixteenth da^ of the month, > the residue of the army of Columbia in the Southern prc^ineey collected together at a eertain place oalltd Hllhboi'ougb. 2. Oil tlie ^me da^ did^ Jfathanid * takf^ * Gm^ial Grecfte» bit ltd m BUi4be iltar <£ ^ i • - . . . V ic tbcHi- ih, , tbe lotttbcrn ]n place 5iM|t')iii>a»a^ * lli » ilfoi^hiai 4be ofke of lAOef •afteili^'ti' fW if eiiiiid^ to|Ni«ilfiitei Mrhon Umi greni Sailfedyitti bad healrli^ tim(l,irim«IJo,t; A»4 the l^u(li«Sh*ttijr/ b«Ul1yeeii tbat the warriors of Columbia could n6v ninxA .nu fbeir countenances fell,.|Md tbej^ e^eii the princes of the Proy incest secretly reproached Jfdnafio; for it ki^teved tfaenit.tbail the army. was - smitten before the' men of firifaiiu « . 4, And they communed with •Oeor^e^ the chief cap(aSn» after this mannery saying: Knowest,. thou noty that Comwallis^ the vfcing^s captain#J bath beaten Horatio in battifB, and that our. btethren have fled from the servants of the king ?. 5. And Georgf said^ yea vcrilyy I know it : then the princes of the Provinces, furthermore spake and said : It is expedient tliat we send another captain in the^room o£ Horatio^ that lie may go forth before the men of^ war 5 A'.i will the spirits of the people revive, and peradvi^ntore they will stand before their enemies* Speak therefore^ ail that is In thine iieart, and say if thou knowest any man in the host of the people^ that wifl answer the expeetations and desire of the jirinces of the Provinces. il. Then answered George, the chief eapttdn^ and kaid : there is a man in the army of Colum* bla^' in whom is the spirit of wisdom and under* standing, his name is JCathmiel ; prudenee walketh on his right hand, and integrity and pe#« severance are his constant eompaaioui* * GcBerel GatM, iJtf.iT . 4iner{fafi SevoTufton. ^^e»ttMi4, to remnve Horatio; imucli as lie had fled fronr zthe servants of tfhU Mf^rm^t semoes Were not re- :i } hlHiiirhati Jmrniit-WM not east do^n ^or ilietf^ ihings ; for the sph^lt of a man wasin him^ ftjid Wisdotki fortified his mind against the evils that were allotted to' him. /*h ;- ^ ';''. d. He remembered that the eelebrated Bard^ of Albion said : « liiis is the state of man :— <^ Tp-day be puts forth tlie tender leaves of ^ hope, to-morrow blossoms^ and bears his <* blushing honours thick upon him ; the thii*d f< day eomes a frosty a killing frost ; and when «<'he thinks, good easy man, full surely bis << greatness is a ripening — nips his root, and '^' ^ ratio; nt» of [Qi re- e evils Bard* nan :— Avei of BMrs his ^43 thu*d id when rely bi» ot^ aod I ■ ^ ; *• ntel wa« 1 army ; eame to bcfore- loi lifted iHoratia* tlie eyes Horafio wilh ibe all com- 58 of the Inbedrinit them be American Eevolution* 188 «aid : In no part of bis eonduoty has HariUio been to blame^ be bas dono Ms dM^J ^M eblef eapiain» and verily no man ^ leap, ensure to hiia- •elf 8 aeeoss | for violory is not i^ ih$ eomiiMMiA of tbe «on8 of moa* r -^^ hir* ,\ 13. And it was^ sof thai not many hours ufUfiit thM ^aihuniel bad assamed the oouiman4 of ijhib armyy that a messenger oame andbrougMlt* ditigSy that one of Ihe Li^tenants * from the Columbian armyf bad lieen out with a nuoib^r of men to seek forage for the bott», 14. And it ciame to pass, that ,as they jour& ' neyed along tiie way» Uiey came nigh untoCler- \lbont» the dwelling plaee of one of the sect of '^the tories who had joined himself to the king's ^'aervantSt and was made aeapt^^Q^ iii tj^e army of Qritain» .,^«-« '^ » *>i>] ^^ 16. Now there were aboiit five score pf tbf aeet of the tories eolleeted. at the bQuse» and Ithey had strengthened themselves within and without ; and tiiey had made a place of defence called a Block-house^ and a ^itch enclosed ijt ronnd about ; so tb^t it was very strong. 16. Notwithstaildingy the Lieutenant being a conning man» and well knowing he could not Set at the house except he had some of the estroying engines with b^m^ therefore be went about to devise a cunning device* 17. He went into tbe ^rest of pines* and hewed down one of the tall trees thereof, and be fiishioned it with the axe of the workman until he brought it to the likeness of one «if the destroying engines, that were used to batter * l^eut. Col. Washingtoii, fCtl. Rigely. iS4 Jimeriean BetohUhn. * down the walls of strong tioldf* and the nen steed ready, as tK^ were wont to no when the engine is roadj.te Tomit out its thunders. 18.' And when the sent of the toHes behekl the wooden engine, their eountenanees feH ; for ti^ty knew the force of the engines, and tliat the J oould not withstand their enemies if thej fhot at the house, therefore thej delirered ihemseheato.be eaptites, at the trst sumoiens; ' 19. And the soldiers, eren the army of the neopte of the ProYinees under Jfathanidf re- joiced, inasmnoh as thejp judged it a sign of future iQccess. 20. Now the number of men who folfowed aCte^ JN*alhantff, were about two thousand, and the/ were in distress | for the men of Britain occupied the eountrjr round about, and ^alha^ nid knew not how he should continue to ^UfjfUf the armj with food. SI. For the army of the people of the Proi» irinees, had no nionej, except the nioney of the great Sanhedrim, which was made of iUthjr nigs, and the husbandmen loatlied to see it. S). The gold and the sHver, which the ser- vants of the king had in abundanee ; this it was that allured them ! for this they sold the choice Jambs from the flock, the bollocKS and the fktted ealvcs from the stalls, the prineipal wheat and the fine ilour ; jea^ they ventured their lives in yursnit thereof. ^ '^ r / nen the Field for that Ihey ered ' the ^ re- pi of lowed 9 and ritaln ratha- .1 » p Pro** of the Mthy t. le ser« lit wa« ^oice fhtted it iknd [t et in Jtmertean Beeolulimu tSB 0^iVBf»l GreoNft diviiK* hb foree* Tto c1i?Mna iifiH#r Generti jA.no afr<^4heW^ ^fn^ H iit before the other band ; and they journeyed' >Veslwan!. 2. And J^Tathanielf with th^ residne of the host, alna J'>^i*n^J^d forwaiHls ofitil he catne to the^ river, even the rifer Pedee, and* he eit* eamped on the North border thereefA S.(Anfl Mof^gan and th^ men who were 'witii himy arrived at the distriot of Ninety-six, where tbegrpitolied their tents. « *' ^. And when it was told to ComwattiBf^ thii^ the people of tlie Provinces had made an ertlj^ tion in that quarter^ he sent Tarletan, a man In whom he plaeed great eonftdencef to drive the people of the Provinces from thenee. ,w5« And about eleven hundred of the- ebolefi warriors of Britaiat^ followed after Tar/etmty and tipro of the destroying eogkies were witl» them* -'' ti^'ii <*it' 6. And the two armies eame in sight of eaieh other at the Cowpens^ and they put the battle in array, army against army. 7. Now Tarkton despised all thoughts of de- layi and the maxims of prudeiioe lie treated ♦ Gen«n) Morgan. l\ Q 2 ^ \ jS' *l» Jlmini^:.q 10. So the warriors of Britain fled, even the horsemen thereof, and the destroying engines were taken ; three hundred of the servants o£ the king were slain and wounded, and flve hun- df^ made captives, five score of warlike horses^ 4Mirriages for tl^t) use of the bost^ ^ one score and ^fteen. These were all taken by the people of the Provinces, in the space of a few hours. It. And the residue of the men of Britain wlio ^ent out against Morgan, the captain, fled tiVortiwaUis, and reported all the news of the baittlc. i'S. Then was CornwalUsi exeeeding wroth» iiiEkimuoh as he exjiected no sueh thing from a people whom he had despisedi and had so lately vanquished. id. Then he hastily colleefed his army t<^ * Colonels Pickeos and Washiogtom t CoIqii^I Howi^rd« - , JtnMtan^^eiMutlatir it!^ his aged lies; ouser UiU i>u«Vy e\vAS man t en iHo .Dginei ints ot re hun- horseSf >re and opte of *s. iBritaia lin, fled of the from a lately ther and went tn^phrsnk oC the lieopfe of tlie Provinces, undov MorgaUr for he •hoped' to re<» gain the captives, ^'ib Wi r**ui» jwi-j^i i^ jns.iui 14. And when it was told ^dlfianici, that the men of Britain were puraiiing after the people, he left the plaee Where h^^as encamped, aiMI put the men of war underNle ^idance of a ksa^- tain whose sur-natne was Muger ; but himself set out to join the army under thie captain/ Morgan. . ' 'J-^^*^'^^-^; 19. And it was so, that the arihy of Britain - hasted to pursue after the people of the Pro- Yincesy and sp hot was the pursuit, that the men of Britain came to the borders of the river Catawba, on the evening of the same day tli^^t the people of the Provinces had crossed over. 16. Now it came to pass, that when it was night, there was a storm, and the rains descended In great abundance, and (he river was increased to a mighty stream ; and the men, even the ar- my of ttie peop!e of (he Provinces, rejoiced, and considered the falling rain as the interposition of the Supreme Being. 17. And when the waters of the river were fallen, Comwallis still continued to pursue afte|! the people, and eame to the river Yadkin, and at this place also he was fain to encamp, as the rain descended and swelled the river so that the army could not pass; howbeit, the host of Cof*,- luQibia had crossed the river, for it had not rlac^ii with the rain when they passed over. _ ^Lf ^^ 15. Now while the men of Bntain were de- tained on the other side of the river, lo! the two bands of the host' were united ; thus the people of the ProYinces btscame onefyrmji at at im •taillBSto MemAttHan^ tM ilrfit^ i b9wb«il thciy ^iir«re^ not jH aMie t^> vrkbcHtifld. tbe^meoAolrcBL'itiUii. i £ v .'S<.>r? 19. Then tlie people of the Prpvince^A^tii^JRoli' lowed after J\*alhanieU moved forwards and crossed over Ihe river Dan into the province of Virginia, aiid llie Q||!|k 0^* Bipitain foilowod hard after them. etieo^ii'agM the pebpte of the province* tb eomb forth to the help of the king, and he causisd the royal standard to be set up, that the people might flock to it, hut they were weary. >i j.' 521: He also sent Tarfe^on, in whom he gf^at^ 1y eoniided, to assemble the sect of fhc^ totiei ^ho dilrelt on the borders of the 0^ riv^r. ' - 22. And when JCathaniel heard thereof, tOk sent two ohosen men, whose siir-names 'were Pickens and Lee, * in pursuit of Tarletonf aii^ the men of Britain who were with him. '^^' 23. And it came to pass, as they we^e pasdl^ along, that they were met by^bout three huin- dredand fifty of the sect of the tories, and a mail' vrhose sur-name was Pyles^ f went before them. 24ir. And the tories taking these men for ser* ▼knts of the king of Britain, sainted them a^ ifriends; but they were soon sTain by the horse- men ui^er Lee and Pickens^ and there w^s a great diseomiitiire ; and the torles were sore amazed, inasmueh as they regarded not their words, and slew them when they eried $mts <« God safe the king.'' And when Tarletm htfanl thereof^ he &d ba^ again to tfaie BMaia A wh her froi Car Wiei Con 3. andj over Aumt the four I hus5a andh ^^ * , General Fickwis,. aad Col. JUi*. t C*L Pylet. 4*> 8 t# and ee of hard sathe dmerkan UtooM^^' V 189 anny» and oo the way ho slaw leterat of the toriesy whom he took to b^ friends to the great Sanhedrim* ^ CHAP. liV. A r«inrorcem€nt from Virginia, ttimulaltt Geaeiml Gmoe ,to nal^e a itand asainti; Comwallif— Is ckfiMtcd, .and r«* tires to Speodwall Iron works. y A eof, s wet® •ee h«n- idama^' e therii* jfor aer- thena ^ [ehoTse- was a jre «or6 .ot tbeit [led «rt»tj _»arlctoii ^ND it eame to passi that fbttr hundred ment whose hearts were warmed with the love of li- berty, eame from the province of Virginia* and from the adjoining provinoe^ even from North Carolina. St* And they were led ^r two mighty men of r^lonp* : and also two whole brigades of militia. Itiese came to the help of ^Tathaniel, against Comxoallis lind the men of Britain* 8. Then JV*athanieI gathered together his armyy and it was gathered together f and they passed over the river, even the river Dan. Now the number of the men who went forth to fight witli the men of BritaiQ, were about four Uiousand, four hundred ; nevertheless, many of these were' husbandmen, and were unacquainted with battles«> and had never seen the strife of the warriors. 4. And CornwaUis rejoiced when he saw the [people of the Provinces ooming against him, for Ibe trustedjn the valiant men of Britain, and to Ibis skill in battle. Now the num'^>er of the figbt- png men with Comivallit, were two tliousand four hundred ; these were all men of valoUr J^nvl iliiilftd In war. , ^ ^ftMSBfJMft IScTTOhlWll* ih ^^fhe \i to a famp jQV it c^me to pais^ thatvhiie (fornwams ivai f^nd^avouring to establish t^e king's firiciuls a«d,his l^ws, in th^ province of Vii^invi^ Uiat Nathaniel came with tiie host of tlie people of tlie Provinces, *and eiioc^p^d aboiii eight fur- longs from Camden. > . r. , >. u.. f \, 2. And Bawdofif a lord <>f the realm of fin- l^nt was in the town of Camden f ,ai;td there were >vith him in the town^ nine buipdr^cLit^f the ^p|ce warriors of Britain. v><.^* 1.. hvI(. And there were with JV*a{/iatttd[f about twelve hundred ^en; howbeit, three imndred i^' these were husband men, called militia* 4. And it was so, that as J^athankl was wait^ iit^ for the men of Bpitain to come out of the town, (for his fineers itched to be dealing with them) lo! according to his desire, a messenger came and said : ¥e men of Columbia, arm your- self es, for your^ enemies are at hand ! 5. Then the men of war made theiASclyes rXec0UUwn» >" ' TdV^ vrlien4be armies joined LattlCf (wo ^^^Wfkfi of the people of the Provinces fled, iMii ItH^^^idne were confined liecause of this thiBj^'M^hey fled al»o^ ,(^;^j . *^' k liowfteit, ;yathnni€l suflbred not his spirits to fail, hut he col (ected toge tb er the rei id ue of fife lios:t9 and encamped about fortj^ furlongs off. "^-"'d'Aiid (he meo of BHtain went back again Jnto CaoMlen* Now thepeoploof theProvinees tJiat fell III the battle, and ^ere taken captive, ^r^e In number about two buiidred andr^fifty peHons;-' '^ '" " i^r,:f.,. :, J 1 0. , if 0^ , JVja jhanie! can sed eight wien to be banged up 'by the neck, because they had left the army: now these men were called deserters. ,11. j^nd Eawdon, the lord of the' realm of ^i^it^iijj pot inclining to tarry any longer .at j^i^aindeiiy be left it, ard journeyed to the river '%anfee : howbeit be first burned the prison^ the nriiUI for grinding the corn, and a number of the Jl^jlai^s In the town. !w/4i^ |?vince 0^ like th« wild eolt of Arabia^ and fear was a strai||9r to his heart. ij^^f )> 14. l^us the metk of Briteit» losjgP^ pos^i, and strong holds, in the «paae of a §f§4f^^*. 1 5. And there was another strong, hold called Silver BlutF: and the garrisi>n were taken oapfLiye hy the young men who followed after the os^« tftiiiy Lu; howbeity Rudolphf a maa of valour^ led tbrth the last company* ^ 16. And there was yet another strong holdf Jl* ' oallod by the name of the British captain^ this also fell to the people of the Provinces, under the captains Lcc and Pickens; and the captives that were t^ken, were in number three huiidred men, chiefly of the seet of the tories. 17. Tlius were the men of Britain driven frooi one place to another, uniii they came to tbe £utaw Springs, where they lialted; and ^g^^ thankl and the army of Columbia, they also en- tramped near the men of Britain. . 18. And JiTathaniel numbered the men of Co- lumbia, even the host of the people tliat followed after him, and the, number of the men were two i thousand fighting men* • " 19. And it came, to pass, that as so^e of the young men went forth from the host, to\fafd» the army of Britain» they were met in the wtiy by two companies of the men of Britain 5 vmA the din of Battle v^i heard ! 2(K The sound of the warrior^ reached the oampi the valiant rushed to the Imttle ! Tlie hosts were engaged, and fierce was the strife of tlie warriors ! 21. The men of the provinces of Virginia and ♦ Fort CarnwalUsw 4J> w Mficritfiii BevolUthn: Maryland^ were foremoii in iUe rou^b front of the biittltt|j^ their oaptainsi Williams and Com^* Ulif 1^ litem to glory and Tiotory ! The re- nowned^dmops of Britain fledi who were onue 80 terrible in war ! 22. Five hundred of tlie servants of the kiajiif^ wore talteii eaptives; their bonds were made easyy for tbey were taken by a generous foe! But CarnpMI was slain ! be died In the bed of lionor> and bis name shall not perish ! 23. :Vflffca«iel beheld with joy, tbe rislrfig fame 6f Columbia; he pursued after the men of Brt-> tain, but he eould net oyerlstke tbe swiftfeoted warrioi^s of the king. 2>. Tlie slain and wounded, and tbe captivet i(f the m^n of Britain, were in number, eleTea hundred ; and there fell in the battle, of the jieople of the Provinces, iive hundred valiant nieh, 25. The way-farins man, as he passeth bj tlio field where the valiant fought, wiU feel the rising sigh! Tbe starting tear will come, wbcA he remembers the friend of his early days, who fell in the battle ! 26. Tlie mother will often, with slow and sor- rowful steps, visit the fatal spot ! and mourn the loss of the beloved of her youth, the partner of her cures I The children will hear the sad tile, and their wrath will rise at the name of .Britain ! O Albion ! surely thy wise men were infatuated, they shut their eyes to their true ia« tere&t, and became fools ! v^il W-' *•;-'; •jiinerjeait, lUnalulim* *97 inji- re- meo foe! led oC .fame f Bri- feolcd iptivct eleven of the eth by [eel ibe 'wUeifc », ^bo ind «>^- mourtt [the sad lame e^ lo weve .. ,' , CHAP. .LYIU'i-vf »^M-"u;^fv Coinwallis it streagthcned by the royal fot^QjOt, im^er PhH- ,. lips and Arnold— rr%v4ir»es tk\A coantry— *!$ feebly pjppoMA bv the Americaivs. i- * liV O W Corn7()ant9y the king^s ehief eaptain in the Southern Provtiioe«r va» lifted up in hi» l^art; for be bad it in eontetnplatioo to tubdue - the whole land, and estahlish hit name anKHig si tlie son» of inea». a^ a wart iop of the i&rat de- gree. 2. He sent fotHh (he soldiers of Britain m troops, throughout the province of Virginiat- who dispersed and put to flight the men* of Co- lumbia f for they wec& too few ta stand befoire Uim. a» For it oame ta passf that Bemdiet an! FhiUipSf with about fifteen hundred of the servants of the kin^> came in the tall »lii(is of Ihe Island'.rf Britain, and strengthened hi»armj. '4. 'Flien was Faif^rte, the young nobleman ftom the kingdom of Gauir sent by the great Sanhedrim, to oppose the men of Britain ; and about three thousand of the men of Columbm^ yere witti Fayelte^. 5. And CormvaUis led forth th&yniflErot meti- itf Britain^ and jofirneycd from PMersbnr^ to J^mes' river ; and when the men of war were^ sdl'passedover the river, they journeyed throngh the'eounty of Hanover^ and came to the river PUmunky, so called b^ the Barbarians, the na- tite inhabitants of the land. 6. Now the army of Columbia was too weak t^ fight with the servant^^ of the iung ; never* Jimertean uHorin 49S ■fit 'ihtli v/iie-^v ihelofts, tiiey foll4|w«i] close after thon^ and uratcliod their steps, 7. Now tfie princes * of (ho provlhoo, wero tntt together ahfut the afTairs of the provinee; fiiMl CornwalH^ sent 'Jtarleion to the pfsLCe wfiere Ibey were asMmbled together, even to Char- 8. And when (he asaemhly of the prince's heard thereof the^r rose up and fled ; hbwbeit, seyeii of them were taken captive. • (Ek And Simeocj a eliief servant of the king» and a captain ia the host ; he also was sent to destray the stores^ that were collected at a eer- ^in plaoe^ f but the peoide had removed them ; nevertlieless, the men of Britain destroyed tber firoperty Off the inhahitanta in those partsu , ia. And Faijette gained the love of all th» people; inasmuch, as hia goings forth bofora the people^ was with wisdom and prudence. ''« 11. And it came to past not long after, that ^le chief captaint Wayne, came to the help of t'HytUeff and there wer^ with Wayne, the ehlef eaptaiot eight hundred valiant men.. 13. Now Ct}rmvaUis had gotten lietw^n ihe^ lii*my of the people of the Provinces and tlieir stores^ and he deemed it a thiogimpossibtey for the peo(iile wlia were withr FfiyeUe to get at the- stores. . 'il3« . Hawheity Pnyelte, when it was nighty led iiSs faen. by %n .^p^t*eq[aent^ way/ and gained the stores lhat,wei?e %t Aibeiiiarte f and when Coriif^ toaU^hoaipd tbeireofi^ ^wa^i^Btp^^^^ a^ndaoto f J }Vf^t a ii ;i,» ♦ Assembly. t fpiot of Fork.. liiU abej Ibat 2 JtmeHcan Bevoluti^nm ,199 1^. Then the men of Britain seeing^ (heir in« teniions were di^^covercJi Journeyed back a^ain to Uiohmundt id. And the array of the (leople of the Pro- vinoes» wbo were with Fayette, was afj^Aia strenglhenedy by the warriorg of the Baron Steuben : and Fayette drew forth the men of warj and magnified the number of the peoplo who were with him. 16. And Cornwallia hoing told that the army . of the people of the Provinces was strong* even a very great multitude* be Aed to Williamsburg; where the rear of the host was assaulted by some of the warriors of Columbia* under a nighty man of valouri whose nanio was Butler. * 17. Now about this time*. Henry , ehief eap- laia of all the armies of the king* in the land of Columbia* let in a fear that he was not safe in the city ^f York ; inasmuch as he had heard*. that it was in the heart of George, tlie chief eaptain» to come against the town ; and that the servants of the king of Gaul* were to be joined with the host of the people of the ProvinoeSf in assaulting the town. 1^8. And he sent messengers to Comwallis,. Uh advertise him of his danger* that he might send to the city of York* some of the valiant men who were with him. r lj9. And CornwaUiSf deeniing it expedient ta c^y the oqmmand of Henry ^ and considering Ihat his army would be wealcened thereby* be BA$df^ ready to pas» oyer the river to a more le- oure place* even fo iPortsmoiith. SiO. And it was so^ that as the ariny of Bri-^ too 4f!l^Hfi^sm.:Be^plu -i- I tain was proparinj; to (wss ovor iUe river, that the chief capiaifi; TVaifnep was informed that the greater part of the arioy wa» pas&ed overt tie took with hm the men whom he Jed forth to battle, who were ei^ht hundred in uamber^ that they might assault (he rear of the host. ^. And 1o! when he came to the river, Corn" wailiSf with a great part of the host were drawn up in battle array, to tight with him. 22, Then was Wayne, the chief captajn, asto- nished: howbcit, he was a man that was not easUj discomtltt d ; he therefore fell upon the men of iiriCaitt, awl when a convenient time was oome^ he led away his men from the tield of battle* 33. And Cornwaltis thinking that it was tt snare to divert him from the {lurposes of his^> heart, he pursued not after the people of the^ Provinces, and they escaped. 3*. llicii the men of Britain- passed' over tli©^^ river 5 and about this time, Corniua/hs received' a letter fi^om Henry, and it was - written' in the- letter^ that Cornwallis might keep the soldiers* he bad with bim, for the service of the king in those parts ; and he was also advised in the let* fer, to occupy some convenient place, where the «hips of the king, and the host of Britain might he secure. 25. And it was so, that after ihe chief mew had consoTted together ; the town of York, and tile Point of Gloucester were chosen, and there* the host eticamped ,* and the^ stt^ngthened thenM MytB there^^ ahd it beeftme a place of defence^ ; that that overt lali to y that Corn* drawn asto- easU J men o^ ooni&f tie. was ir of his^ of ih» rcr tlic*" in the^ oWicr«' ing in he let- re the might ,, and there* thelDH %d}iiei*lean Rcvoluli&n. CHAP. LV^fv SOi General Wlkahington puts the Araericui army m motien^ and in conjunction with the French forces, marches to York- town. Count de Gr^se arrivct with the French fleet) at the Chesapeake. The British under Cornwalli^^ ase closely invested, and finj^lly capitulate. N OW when George, the cliief eapf aia of all the armies of Columbia, was told that Corit- fvallis was strenr^thenin,^ himself in the town of York, in the province of Virginia ; he feathered together all the valiant men, even a ^reat mul* titude : and the servants of the king of Gaul were also gathered together^ under Rochambeau^ a chief ca[>lain of the king of Gaul. 2. And they journejed along the high way of the country, and the husbandmen rejoiced, iA« asmueh as they were not spoiled by the armed men, in tlieir passing along the way. - 3. And the host of Columbia drew nigh untc^ the town, where the men of Britain were en- camped, and they liasteneil, that they might come to the end of their joui*ney ; inasmuch, as they counted it a thing that was certain, that the men in the town would fail a prey to th« people of the Provinces. 4« For it came to pass, that the strong armed ships of the king of Gaul, appeared in the moutU of the river; and the mariners cast forth tb^ anchors, and the ships were fastened by stron^j^ cables, so that they were a lett to the ship» of the king of Britain, that passed that way. 5. Now Coniwallis was ensnared, inasmuoh as his enemies surrounded him on every side, and he was filled with indigaatioa^ because uf . S02 •imeri can Kreoluiion» ikm.ih^i^t^; ^fflg hfs wa» like the fl^rcjc lion, wliieii |)|je^^i«. p]|i|^»ae4 b^ the iiuriter ; lie ati^kes his mane in an^opy his active powers are stiinu* ]ate4 hj fierce wr^th J, h^ l*Q^fnA a| ihjaiHQuUj, and suddenly springs iip^nnihc; diiri;^^ foe I ',*1."„ . 6% Suck was the >y rath Qf,,Co?7tic alli^i the isliief oaptHin ; aecu^tomeil to yictoryf lie scorqed to be hemmed within the n^Tow enQlosure^ ^f the towUf but often broke forth upou the ffienof war, like a mighty torrent ! 7. The destroying engines from the rampart» of the town, declared his displeasure ! they cast out their thunders with ten-fold fury! the earth trembled at the sound thereof, and great was the astonishment of the Deighbouring husbaod- mcn. , . 8. Nevertheless, George, the chief capitain, ami the valiant men of Columhia, re.^arded them not; they were inone mind,' and were not easiljr turned ; they shot into the town, and brake dowo the walls thereof! the choice warriors of Bri- tain were smitten to the earth ! they were dis- eomfited, for there was no hope! 9. They walked to and fro, as men who had lost tlieir way in the desart ! they started aside at the lioise of the destroying; engines ! they gat into (heir close places of defence! they had no rest! The valiant men were dismayed ! their sinews wet*e relaxed, hecause of the destructioii both within and without, ' 10. Now after the space of nine days, when the de fenced places of the men of Britain Jivere destroyed, by the destroying engines, and inanjr of tire mi:n of war were deceased, and many of the chief warriors were stain ; then it.was^ that CornwaUia endeavoured to escape iVoai the towo^ tinerlcan JRcroltiiton. . r, ■'. i' ' : . I" ,P "• \ '.•v'^V.'■ 205 llOttp lakes Liimi* «*► ■'- If 1^® or^ed aeb of npart* ;y cast earth at was sbaod- tin, anil 1 them [ easily e down of Bri- fcre dU- ho had (1 aside liey gat had no I', (heir :vuetic^ „ wh^ [in >yei*e Id many jnany of ikf. that Le towik 11. And he caused the boats to be in readi- ness, and when it wariifglii, -tfl|y of the arar^ men were put into the boatf^'' Iflia passtftt o^j^ the river. ^^ . ' , 12. But it eame to pass^'lhat a great stdrni arose and dispersed the boat s, and firustri^tiM the designs of the chief captain. 1^'. And when the moaning of the next day fipi» p^ared, the men who had passed over the riveiv returned back again to the town; then was Cornwallis disco mfited^ and his thoughts were. troubled. 14. Mowheity seeing no remedy, he sent 4 written leUer to George, the chief captain^ where- in he proposed that the destroying engines should cease to utter thunders^ for the space of twenty- fo ur hours. 15. And also» that suitable men, called Com- missionersy should be appointed to settle the bu- siness of the siege, and write down the agree- ment between the two chief captains* i6. Then George^ the chief eaptain, did as CornwaUis had desired him ; he caused the de- stro^'ing engines to cease from uttering their thunders, and silence pervaded the whole camp. 17. And on the nineteenth day of the tenth month, in the one thousand seven hundred and eighty-first year of the Christian Ilegira, was the town given up to the people of the Provinces; and alt the armed men were made captives, and the instruments of war, and the treasures of the king of Britain were taken. 18. Now when the report thereof, ^as spread abroad into all lands, it was cause of astonish- ment; inasmuch as it was a strange thing to bear of an army of the king of Brilaio^ S^^'^jS 20$ Jimerkun Kevotmon, »m j* ^F^^JiP *li9^ Wf^ with , hini, ',:yficve M J 9^ The sect pf i\m twies, ; beli^vedj Jt. not ; thjiy wene eiabfbunded | 'lAiey ji|iiiV,l|^eir ea^^^ the ' rep0t thereof • thejf nqtid ijpp ip ^Btither« loj now the>oti8of BelmU even ibe sect of the whi^s, fei^neth this thipg out q€ their own moathsy that the king's friends nay be disr ' eouraged. >vJ^;v-- -: ■'■, r . ~ CUAP. XIX. ? The news 4>f the capture of Cornwallis •rriVes in Engfond^^ Debates in Parliament. N. (■ OW when tidings came to tlie king of Bri- taiUf and the great eouDcii of the kingdonir thajt the Southern army wa^ taken captive ; thejr gazed upon eaeh other as men who had lost theif wits! 2. I'hey essayed to speak, but tlieir tongiiles clave to the roof of their mouihs ! they wtere silent through giMef, for a season ! Howfaeltf their enemies caused them to speak, and there was a great wrath amongst the counsellors ! 3. And one spake after this manner, and an* other after that mannery and there was great confusion amongst them ! for they took it greatly to heart, ' that the fame of the warriors of Bii- tain was fallen. 4. Now it came to pass, in the fourth montbf in the next year after that CemwuUU was taken '13' not ; erst it- iiiier« iflbc DgUnd-^ of Bri- ny tbat tbey ad lo^t 5y wtere loiivfoeity d there ir^l kiid an* |s great I greatly ofBrt- 2W^^ »*•„ tiaptlTe : ihafi thore vftt a freat battle on the , lyaliBHi df the inlfi^tTliteiy, le^weeB tbe sftilMi'' of ^6 king of Biit^'l ^^ k\tk; ef 6aul'{ on the mSth day of tHe nifN^ ivas tbe battle fongbt. \ |- i^ y f r >. And the n«yy of QrWii^ ^iuliu^ tf^r tiiej^&i of tlie king of tr^ttly an^lfiere was ti grejat uaugb ter ; and de fyrassCf die ^reat lieft- ^tajptainy was takeib oaptive ; nlnd liiany of tho sbips of tbe king' of Gauly w^re^^strbyett by "^ jRodnei^y e£lef captain of diebaYy of BriCain. '6. Treniendons was tbe noise of tbe destroy- ing engines^ the sea-monsters fled at^e report thereof! tbey bid tbemselv^s under tbe rocks ! at the bott .cflhy-- N. H -%■ ,t «. OW the nations and kin^ \irho were war- r9ig t^g^ther^ gi!i^w,j|»:«ai$y thereof, and desired p^ftfBe^ ]zia«|nttcli , tii tlb« sword devoured many ef ttheir viiliaot me9»; and they^^ tvere not a whit the JMleitfoir U : wuJit t^ejr gained in toeplace^ they often iQst as mueh in another. % Neyertbeless, it WeJQt to the heart of the king of Britain.! that he inliftt lose his possessions in ^e, land of Colum bia ; lioi^bcit^ there was VM> remedy* ior his treasure was expended^ and til^^ people wore "w^^ty bf the war. %. Then he eoh^eftteA that tliere ishouf d he peaoe» and that the people of the P^Tinces «hoa]d be gdverne^ hy their own People, inde. pendeQt ^t the kingdom of Britain ; and h^ re« sigaediinto them his power and king! j authority, 4* And the Province? in the land of €o1ambia# were called by a new name, ^ and th^y heeame one people, and the great Sanhedrim ruled ov«r them. a« And on the^ twentieth day of the seeond month, in the one thousand seren hundred and eighty-second year of the Christian Hegira, was p&ace proclaimed : and the men of Britaiii 4e« parted from the land of Columbia. 6« And each man of the host of the people pf the Provinces, went to his own house j and there was joy and gladness throughout the whole 14nd. 7. May it be a prelude to that peaee^ |mB' f AJoatiA States of /forth Americs, BhLB0*vV leslred atlriiit of the PC wAs id; and ould be tf inde« dk^re* thoHty; liiinbia# became edover seeoiid if«d and Wf was tain do- if meWcan SeiroiiftJ(m« 307 {imi94 in the book of the Prophet Isaiah: «< When the mountain <^ the Lord's house shall be established upon the tops of the mountains, and be exalted above the biiiSf and all natlofia shall flow tinto it t . '- ^yjkuA they ttiatif Beat their iwdrds Intot pibvr-shares, and their speara into pruning- . nooks ! Nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more f 9. '^The wilderness and the solitary place shall be glad, and the desart shall rejoiee^ and blossom as the rose!'' 10. The miod of the seribe, stron^y in». pressed with this idea, and animated with the jpposp^et of 4In| dawning of that glorious morOf sh^ir kencefbrth seek Uie shade of retirementf and repose hiiiiself under the eanopv of peaee^ ;^gardfes8 bY^eensure or praise ; well knowin^^ that wlien a few niore suns have rolled theiv cares away » he will be perfectly insensible botls lo the one and the other» ' y \ « ■4^ VT'BT'iiViv i^ife.^!:l?!a ^' I ' '' * i-lf \ t- < ^ i> ^. j#-»!" ■«/? T>- "■''ti:.:'-' k ^ i- -,>' rf ■gnf^- - ■ *•'• ■ ■ ^ # ■ ^ ' '^'n ^■"."^ '..%^^"'- - i-- .f' ■• ' ^t-' '"'fl^ ■ .^..*'ir- ;, •'T-iif-' ■%-A r DECLARATION < ^. r- • \i Beclaration by the Represent athes of thg United Stales of •America^ in Congress as^ sembled, July 4«, 1776. W, HENf iif the eourse of kdman events* it beeomes necessary for oDepeo|)le to dissolve the political bands which have connected theni with 0ne another^ and ta assume 'among the powers Hftheeartliy the separate and equal station, to whiob the laws of nature and off nature's God entitle them ^ a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare ih» eaoies which impel them to the separation^ We hold these truths to be self evideof-^that all men are created equal ; that ^jej are en- dowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights ; that amoitf^ these are life> liberty and the pursuit of bappines. That, to secure thesci rights, governments are instituted among men^ deriving their just povrers from the consent of the governed ; that whenever any form of govern- ment becomes destructive of these endsy it is the right of the peopfe to alter or abolish it> and to institute a new govern ment» laying its feundatioH on tlieh prinoiplet, and organizing Sf (^ Disalkfttdto: df thd^pmimee^ ) Its powenr io stnsfi fbrm^ as ta them shall leem siost' likely to effect their safbty and hafipiness^ Prifflif^tleey ^iidee^K wiU dietat^, that govern- meats lofi|^ efstahKshed should not be changed fbi* light and transient eanses ; and aceordingly all ex^rlence liath shewn* that mankind are- more disposed to snfllVry. ^hile evils are sufibr- aMe, tlian to right themselves by abolishing the fhrms to which they are accustomed*. But when along Iraio of abuses and usurpations^ pursuing, invariably this same objeoty evinces a do«rign to-- reduce them under absolute despotism^ it is their pightf it is their duty, to throw off such govern-^ meotf and to provide new guards for Uieir fvp tore security. Such ha» been the patient suffer- aliee of tbese^ colonies ; and such is now the ne- cessity which con^rains them to^ alter their farmer systems of governmetit. The history off the present king of Great Bnfain is a history off repealled injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establiishment of' an absolutes tyranny ovCr the states. To prove thii^ letfaotsi be submitted to a candid world.. ^ He luis refused bis assent to laws the most wholesome knd necessary for tlie public good. He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance^ unless suspended in their opepation, till his assent should be obtained ; and when so shspendedy he has- utterly neglected to attend to them. He has refused to pass other laws,, foci the ac- commodation of las^e disj|s>icts of people^ unlesa those people* would neliaquisli the right of H^ presentation* in tlie legislature— >a right in« tsttmab!fi ta themi^ and. focmklablQ to tyrants^ •nly.. aloi HeohuNiUoii of Iniepmifinoe, 9Lt esft» ern- iged Are tffer- ; the when itting. I»n tO' their vern- ir f«r uffer* le ne- their ory of ory of ing in solutf> faoU mosi »od. Is laws lunlesfr lassent :df ho ■ * ^e ac-^ 1 unless ef r6- iht in* Uranta He hat called together legislative bodies, at I^Taces uottsualf uneoinfoiftabley and distant, from the depository of their public records, , 6^r the sole purpose of fatiguing tiieia into eompliapoe with his measurers. .^m i;< He has^ dissolved represeofiidve houses re» peatedly far opposing wiih^fin^ fttmiiesSf his invasions oa the rights of the. p^ple. He has refused, for a long; time after suoh dissolutions, to eauio others to be elected.; nrhereby the legislative powers,, inoapable ofan- Dihiiation, have returaed to the people atlargCf for their exercise ; the state remaining, in tlie mean time, exposed jto all the danger of iava* sion from without, and convulsions within* He has endeavored to prevent the populatioQ of those states; for that purpose obsti'uotifigtha laws for naturalizatioa of foi*eigners ; refusing lo pass others to encourage thfir migration hither^ and raising the conditions of new ap;> propriations of lands* He has obstructed the administration of justice^. by refusing liis assent t-o laws^ for establishing, judiciary powers. He has. niiade judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. He has erected a multitude of new offices, and tent hither swarms of ofluers^ ta harrassour people, and eat out their substan^. He has kept among us, in. times of peace^ standing armies* without tlie consent of our le« gislatureat He has affected to render 4he military inde*>^ fendent of, and superior to, the civil power. He has eombined with others^ to subjeet im> \ I «l« •»*^ Declaralion of Independence. \ to a JuHsdiotiun, foreign to our oonstitutlon, Wpd tti^^^knowlbdged hy our hiwii ^iriog^ liii MIfiH'to flielr acts of 'pr6(end«d le|fiola€ion : ^ l^br quartiBrf ng larg^ bodloii «f armed troop* arrion^us: -^n'tt:-^ For' j»H»f«H!ng thern^ by a moek trial, from '|»tiniK!iM^ht for aoy murders wlueh tbey sbouid commit on the ioliabilants of the^e states : ' For cutting off our l^iide with aM parts of tlie world : For imposing taxes on us without our consent : For depriving us» inmanycases, ofthebeae- Hts of trial by jury : ** * For transfiorting us beyond seas, to be tcied for pretended offences : . For abolishing the free system of English lawf- In fi neighboring province, establishing therein an arbitrary goveriimenty and eniargiiig ita l^oundaries, so as to render it at once an example and lit instrument for introducing the same ab» solute rufe into these colonies : For taking away our charters, aholistifng bur niost valuable 'laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments : For suspending onr own legislatures, and de- claring them sefves invested with power to legis- late for us in all. cases whatsoever. He has abdicated government here, by de- darilrtig US otit of his protection, and waging war against us. Hellas pintidered our seas, ravaged dnirc6kins» fcWdt our towns, anif d^dt^oyed the lites of c^ur people. He isTsit (his tim^fMhf^ting large at^n^ of foreign mercenaries, to cbnfptete the works U death/ desotatfon and tyi^aaoy^ already be* •i^'- t1on» from MNild >fthe ri igeAt: beae- tkbi ' } » ♦'^ ' . '■ (■ [| WW* lierein iig its [ample ne ab> ig our atally nd de- Icgls- ►y de- ig waf roA* tkdaraHan of Independenee. 813 I^VD, with ciretimtlaiieef •feriielty wkfi perfidy^ •earoely paralleled la the ino»l barhBroi|« amt, ' Md toUlly ttowarlhj the head oC a elvOfaed ^ nation. He hae eonttratned our M!ow-eitiaaiit» taken eaptive on the high teat* to bear armt againit their eounfry^ (o beooin^ the eseoutloners of tlieir fVlends and broihrettf or fall themielves bj their hands. . He hat exolted domestie inturreotioiii atfiongtt m$ and has eadeavored to bring on the inha* bitants of onr frontierSf the meroiless Indian •ayages^ whoso known ride of warfare is aa un- distinguished destrnotion of ail a^es, sexes and conditions. ' In ererj stage of these oppressfonst we ha^e petitioned fbr redress» in the most humble terms; >our repeated petitions have been answer^ only by repeated injury. A prince whose eharaeter Is thus marked^ by every aot^ whiob^may deilne a tyrant, is unlit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have we been wanting in attention io o\!tr British brethren. We hai;e warned them, from time to timoy of attempts made by their lea^is-^ laturcy to extend an unwarrantable jurisdictiosi over us. We have reminded them of tlie cir* eumstanoes of our emigration and settlement ber^. We liave appealed to their native justioo and magnanimity, and we have centred the m> , by the ties of our common kindred* to dL^avow these usurpations^ which would inevitably in- terrupt our connections and Qorrespoadenoe. They, too, have been deaf to (he voice of justico and of consanguinity. We must, therefore « ac* f uiesce in tho aeeessityi which denounces onr I { I 1 1 1 1 H I ■^ "' J - -y :. 4 - . ' MjuiriitlpPr an4 iiolt] theifi^ im we hoi4 the j^§t of dalA^iatfiii^^tDi^ in war— in pea«e» Meiidi» ^e» llMreforer the repreMntatiinei ,iif d|e UtUed^^latiBa. of A«iarioa» in .f^pf^l i^greit assembMr appealiof to the Supreme J^ge of tiie worlds for Ik* feotitudo of our itilimtlofiiir D09 in the aamor ai^ bj the authoH^.of th^s good people ai thoia eoloniea^ solemaly putlitli and declare^ that th^sc United Colbnies are^and^, of right, ought i^ be» ft^ waA iadi^oiident states ;— that th^; are abiolf^i from ai| aile- giance to (He llritish crrowa> and tha« flllliolU ticat conti^etion,. between t|ienl and' tha^ sMto of Great BI*ltaiD^ is, mA ouglttf to^ h^ ioMijJr dissdvedf and that» as free and ivdepoadont atatesy thoy hato fill! poiirer tir Jerv wai^ eon- dudie pCfai)e» eontraeC aHianoett^ eatahHek eofo^ Biet*ee, and^t^ do all other aota and thl|igt». whioh iodepeiident stales may of right da i^nd^ lor tiio support of Ihk declaration^ with? » irm r#^ Bailee on the pi^oteetiott of Dfvine Prorideaeoy we mutually pledge to eaeh other^ our Uves^ our fortunes^ and our saered honor. S%ned by order and in behalf of the eongres^, JOHN HANCaCK^ tnaUmU ♦. ■ V _ .. i -, " * T . CHABLI^^f^IlOMPSOKj M' VeeStraiion of Jndependenee. 21S iidi» ;e of rtbe lient eon* Kink euety L^ iis THE MdlLABATlb^ If j^8 Atl^O fitONEDt /J-' ■» > ' ^osiah Bartlett^ Slhhtlel^ilamsy Kobert Treat Pftiae^ Etbrldge Gerfy* Stephen HopkidSt WiHiam fillerj. *t\ CatmecHeut. Roger Sberiiiaiiy Bamiioi Hutiti^gloiif Urilliam WilTiains, 4)]iver Woloott TVilliam Floyd, Philip Livingstoiif Francis Lewi9» Ijewift Morris. ^eW' Jersey. Richard "Stooktony John IVitherspuon* Francis IIopkinsoB» John flarCy Abeaham Clark* ii^-r Robert MofirtSf BerijamiaJiiBbf Bei^dinbijFiaiikUiiy John Moretdnf Cleorge Clymery ; Jaibes Smithy Creorge Taylor* James Wiisony Geoi*ge Ross. Helaware* Ceesar Rodneyt George Read. JIf ari^anil. Samnel Chase* WUliam Paeay 'ilionias Stone* Charles Carney of CarroUton. VirgiwUu George Wythoy Richard Honry^ Lee^ Thomas Jeffersont Beigamio HarrisoSf, Thomas Nelson, jui* Fras. Lightfoot feet Carter Braxton*' l^lliam Ho<|9f|^ i. I. i$,6 Dedoratfim of f ■• ij i '1,' 'vj '1* -1" Edward Rutledge, ^__ l^ym^^" Hall, •"g^l!.*? : .\C^I *- fT^V <- , f'; > ■**■ ., .i/|-.,^t. .- * -t'* -■' 4 , ~3i J-\ . 'rf . .* ■■'<', •I 1 ^ ■s**% .%?:** -s 4 ■tm-.-n f'r ' .. ' " ' '• f« l-^. . . CONSTITUTION T&r Con«eittitt(m J^amed ftr ih^UidteA 8kLtt$ *^ Jim^ea, by a C9nTkMM&fBepude8from th^ states of JVVaKttlJKfipypfl^ey JUassaehusetta, ^■€mmtetl!cuti J^f^-tsrkf ^ew-Jereeyf Fmiu ^^syhionda, Bdawartf Marylanif Virg{nia» ^hMh'CarcUna, Soulk-Carl^na and Georgia^ «|it a sesBion b^sm May %B, and ended S^ .tmherlTp 1787. *:*'? f.>f WW Rf the lieople of the tTniind Stat^ ta. order to form a more perfect uoioii» establish justlee^ ensure donnestio traiiquSlit^> provide ftir the commoo defence^ proanote the general wet* fare, and secure theblessii^ of liberty to onr- sehes und our posterity, do ordain aud establish this constitution for the United States of Ame- riea, ARTICLE 1— SECnOlSF hJ^:^ ' All the legislative pavers herein gfanted^ &^\ be vested in a congress of the Unit^ States i^lbloh shail consist of a senate and house of l^ ||r9ieiilfUives» SECTION II. ^^^ I* The house of representatives shall osiiisi of meiAbers ehosen every second jear> by the - T 218 CotirtUulimqf the VniUi Btatei. people eftbe serMi nM^r. ftid llie ftecfors in each state, shall hf^e the qualifications requi- site fbfiel0ctiir«^lht^>iiifMt niimerotts bn^pek of the state legislature. ^^v^.^ Tr/!I!^^^noii sh^ll he a rettii'e^MatiireV ivho shall noC&Te attained to the age of twentj^five jears, and been tieiren years n citizen uf the United States; fodiji^ shall not, vheneleeted» be an inhabitant 0f that state in which he /shall be chosen* will* Representatives ai^ direct taxefy shall be &P|M>rtioned aiooiig the seyi^it&l slatfs, Wbi?h mi|y be injcliided withia ihls,uQ]on« according tolbetr re f^peql I vc nu inbcrs* whicli sh^lt be deterkiiitned by addtniji; to tbe whole nnniber of fl^e p^sOtlis includii^ those hound to service for si tei^iitef ^cars^ and excluding Indians not. (axed, tht^e, iiftfaj| of ajil 4>Cbev persons* 'Lbc aftual enumera* tiott shall be made within three years after the fii:st meeting of the ngress of the United ^r^tes; a^;,within^ everj subs^queitt term of ten yearSf in^Vueh manner as they^sli^I) by I^w direct, Tfte TKuinber of representatives sti^D no^ exceed one fur every thirty thousand V but e^ch siafe sh^ll have at least one rt^presentalive :' and, until suob ^enumeration shall be niade« the state of NeW*^ Hampshire shall be entitlsd to choose three ;^ Massachusetts eight; lili ode- Island and Provi^ . dence plantations one ; Connecticut five ; New- York six ; New- Jersey fuur | Pennsylvania eig:lit; Delaware one; Maryland six; Virghii^ ten; North-Carolina five ; Souih»Carolina five| and GfKM^ia three* ^ ^ . I¥^ lichen I'acancies happen iii ibe reprt #iila» iion from any state, the executive authtNritjr .^.isjiiB h!^Yi\i ^M *^ :itollisllt%iUKli BfS? m tiic i^i^giiAfim x^fltk CMM SMm. 1^9 •^^ofibail issue wiit»>f ote unless they be equally divided* y. The senate shall choose their other oflloers» and also a presideat pra tempore ia the aliseaoft I j IC. ^SO Cm^ihttkm" trf the Undid States. «f '^4^ioewpfS9id0ntt or when h& shM exereite tite Mm Qffftendeat of the tJoited States. Vf*^^ 1*h# leilttt^ ift^ltllaye ttte tole power to (iigp «lkiflittMioliml»ht», Wben sitting for that BurfKKie, (bejr iha;!l Iiq, 00 oalh or atBirmation. when the plrem^Qf (if j^ United States is trfied» the chief jttstiee shall InresiA^ : and no iierson iiiatt be eaovii^ted^ fj^tlMut the eoncurr^nee of IW4Nthird9 of the membem jirosent . ¥11; Judgcmentr in e^s derly behavior; and W|tjl| ^tbe coaoiirrenco of two thirds^ expel a ttieinller* • iii. £aeh house »||aij[koeip si journal of ita proeeedingsy and fi*9Qli t^OAO .to tSuae^ publish the same, ex^eptin^ saph p^rts as may in thoii judg^ merit require seereey : and the yeas and na^s^ of the members «^f6ith(Mr hoiJse» on any question^ shaliy at the desir^ of one fifth of those prelent^ be entered on the Journal. . IV. Neither house during the jEiession of eon- gressV shall, withoi^t the consent of the others adjouini for more than three days» nor to any^ other place than that in which the two housos shall be sitting. SECTION VI, L Thesei^tora and represeittati?ie§ shall re-^ eeive a qompensation for (heir services^ to be ascertained by law»? and paid out of the treasury of the United States. Tliey shall, in all caset^ exeepi treason, felony* and breach of the peaee» be pcivU^ged from arrest* during thetr attpiul* anee at the session of their respective houses^ aed In going to, and returning from the sanm^ t fot^ apj speech or debate in either hous^ thej shall ael be questioned ia ai^ other plaee. Ih Na senatii^ or repip9(mtative' shtU^ dttringf the iinie D^r ij^Ml be wa| eWcied^ be app<^mt^ to aigr eiyll office*, under the authority^ ^t the llailLii IIIIMt^if iir^ beenerjMaei^ T a (.si, v^, V ftS2 tonsiituiion of the VHiled Stales. iMr t^ emfJumeiott of whioh shall have heen fn* erea^^ dul^Dg sudh time; and 'no peir«oii hold- ing any offlee under the United Statefl, shall be f^ membar of either hoiise^ during his oontialiance in office. *^'^^ ^f"^ SECTION VII. ..a»j'; I. All bills» for ralshig revenue, shall ori- ginate in the house of representatives : but the •enate shall propose or eonourwith amendments, us on other bills* It. Every bill, which shalf have passed the house of representatives and the senati^, shall, before it beeome a law» be presented to the pre- sident of the United States, If he approve, he •hall sign it; but if not, he shall retnrn it» with bis objections, to that house In which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to re-con- eider it. If, ' after such re-eonsideration, two thirds of that house shall a^ree to pass the bllU 'It shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise lie re-eonsidered, and if approved by two thirds «f that house, it shall become a law* 3ut hi •all sueh eases the votes of 'both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, ana the names dT the persons voting for and against the hill shaHr be 6iit(Dred on the journal of eaoh house re- ^gpei^tlvely• If any bill shall not be tMiimisd by the president within ten fiays, Shindayt e^eepteil, After 1^ ^hall have been presented to 1^ the eame shall be a law, iii like nmoQcr bI fl^be bad aigned it, unless theb<»^re8S| bjr4hem|i^iirn« CanstUution of the Unilei States. i9$i sen m- i hold- ball be Btiance * ill ori- but the ImentSf sed the y shallt :he pre- ove, he it, with it shall jection» re-con- ouf twa the bill» ections^ ike wise 6 thirds But HI shall be antes of III shaHr mse re* rubdbjr K«epted» ii^ the fH^had lid^rn* yWAM nU Every order, re8olutioir» or vote» to whloh theeooeurreQce o^ the senate and hottsi» if re* presentatives may be necessHrjr (exempt on^ a question o^mdjournmeiit) shall, be preleiited to the president of the United *9t|iletf^ml before the same^shaH lake effeet, shall be il^roved by liiniy or, being disapproved by him!, shall be re- passed hy two thirdly ffihe seoato %nd house of pepresentativeSf an^f^MMg to the rules and 11*^ Biitations prescribe^ inltie ease^of a bill. SECTION VIIL Th^ congress shall have power — li To lay and eollect taxes, duties^ imposts^ and exoisesr to pay the debts and provide for the eomnton defence, anl general welfare of the United States : but all duties, imposts, and ex- efses, shall be uaiforjld throughout 'the United States. /' IL To borrow nfiine^ on th^ credit iof the United States. IIL To regulate commeree with fore%ii na» tions, and among the several states, and witl^ Ihe Indian tribes. \. ~ IV» To establish a uniform rule of natural! za» tion r and aniform laws on the su^jeet of bank* ntpteies, throughout the United States* V» To coin money; to regulate the value Hhereof^aiid of foreign cola ; aiul ftx the standard >^ weights and measuresv ^ ^ FI* To provide for the punishment efeoun* ter^llBg the seeurities and eurreot eoiti . of the vUalteil^tatos. - • '■ ''•■,:4.; O^ILTo- • X. To idefine and punish piracies and feloniirs eouiintite^I on die high seas, and offences against the Uvu of nations. XI. To declare war i f hint letter^ of marqne and reprisal ; and make rules concerning cap«' tures on land and water. XII. To raise and support armies. But no appropriation of monejr for that asCf shall be for a longer term than two years. - ' XIIL To provide and maintain a navy, Xiy. To make rules for tire government ami regulation of the land and naval forces. XV. Ti^^ provide for calling forth the miliM^ to Execute the laws of the uniouy suppress in- surreetions, and repel invasions. XVi. To provide for organizing, arming, fk^d di8ci|iiniBg the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be eniployed in the servii^ of the United Slates ; reserving to tke stateji respectively the appointment of the i^^cers, and the aaihority of training tlie militia according to the discifjine prescrihed by congress. ^ XVil.^ To exercise exelusive kgislalioD, in all cases wliatsoever, over such di«Lricl (aal exceeding ten miles square) at may, by.cevsioa of particular slates, and the: aecep^aciB of con- gress, become the seal Q£the.|;o¥emiiiiMilJif ibe iJnited States; and to exercise Jtt^aiUiioHly overall places puTchased fa^ tfte ooiiaent if the legislature of the state is wliieh^#ailie.iiball be^ fiw Ihe jureotion of Jsr^t mpfa^teii :JyM- CoMlttulion of Ike United Slates. 29 1^ *4. h •* nalsy dook-yards^ aad other needful bail^iBf^si and XVIIL To make all laws which thalMie He- cessary and proper ibr carrjin^ Into ezeeutlon the fupegoiog powers, and, ail other powers vested by this eonstitution la the goffernmeiit of the United States^ or ai^ departoient or oflUer thereol. SECTION IX. I. The mii^ration of or importation of 8uel» persoBSi as any of the states now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the eingress* prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight ; hut a tax may be ins-' posed upon such importatiouy not exoeeding tea dollars for each person. II. The privilege of tlie writ of habeas cor- pus shall not be suspended, unless wh^ In ea^ee of rebellion or invasi^io, the publie safety may require it. III. No bill of attainder or ex post faoto law shall be passed. ^ ly. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laidy unless In prooortioi Ui the census or enu- meration herein before directed to be taken. V. No tax or duties shall be hiid on ^articles exported from any state. No prelV^rcrice shall be jgiven^ by any regulation of couainerce or reve- Bue, to the ports di one state, over those of another : nor shall vessels, bound to or from on6 state, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties - I Id another. VI. No money sfaaU be drawn from the trca- Isury, but in consequence of appropriations made m law ^ and a regular statement and account of ■H' St6 Conffieiitfon of the ffnitei Aalit; tlif reeeipts andexpcndituret ofalipjibHo money ihttli he ^ublUlied frooi time Co tlioe. YII. No title of nobility ihiltl be granted 1^ the United States': and tlo perion» holding any offiee of prpfit or trust under tliem* nhaJU with- out the oonpeni. tif epnercM* aocept of any pre- tent» emolumeatf ofliee or title* of apy kind whatever^ from any kiiig» pria«e> gr foreijj^n •i»te» ... SECnC^N X. I. No gtate shall enter into any treaty^ al- liance, or oonfederaCioo : grant lettera of niai^ue and reprisal : coin money ; emit hills of credit ; maiie any thing hut gold and silver coin'a temper in payment of debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post faeto law, or laws impairing the obll- fation of euntracts, or grant any title of uo- ility. II. No state shall, withont the consent of con* gress, lay any imposts or do4res on imports or exports, except what may he absolutely neces- sary tbr executing Its iuspeoUoMiBV^ » ^^^ ^^^ net produce of all duties anntro^ of congress* No state shall, with- out the consent of congress, lay any duty 04i ton- nage, keep truops, or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with| another state, or with a fureign power, or en- gage in war, unless act uiUly invaded, or4n sucli| imminent danger as will' not admii of ilelay» ' raarciae r credit ; la tender ,tta'mder» the obli- le of MO- (kmititution of the Untied Stales* f%7 ABTICLE II^SECTION I. I. The executive power shall be vested In a president of tlie United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four ^earSf and, together with the vice-president, chosen for the suBie term, be elected ai follows. If. Each state sliall appoint, in such manner as tlie legislature thereof may direet, a number of electors, equal to the whole number of se- nators and representatives, to which the state roaj' be entitled in the congress. But no senator or representative, or person hohling any office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector. in. The electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote bj ballot for two persons, one of Wh6m at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state wilh themselves. And they shall make a i^st of all the persons voted fdr, and of the number of votes for each ; which list they shall si^^n and certify, and fmnsmit, sealed, to the seat of the government of the United States, direeted to the president of the senate. The president of the senate shall, in the presence of ti>6 senate and house of representatives, open all the certifieates, and the votes shall then ha counted. The person having the greatest num- ber of votes shall be the preadiUot, if such num« ber of ^oles be a minority of the whole number of electors appointed ; and tf there be m4»re than one who have such majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the house of representa- tives shall immediately choose by ballot one of' them for president : and if no person have a majority, ihen, IroBi the five highest oiilhe list' 4»^ M^ Cpnstiiution of the VniUd 8taM.^ Ibe said house tball in like manner dioose the p|»g|iienf. But In choosing the preiidejpt» the ^f|99 thali be.ftiiiep byj^tafes^ tbo rppres^ta- lion fri^ f ^titi sjate havirijg one. Toite : a quorum for tAiift jucpo^e ^i(lt| n^nnUi pt a metnD#i; or nif mbeif Ip^ fwo-thinds of ihe states f an4, a niajority of ill the slates shall be iiecessai^ to a choice* In every eafty after the choice of tiie nreshlenty the pllrsofi having the ^l^telii nliQi- hcr of votes of the et^t^ khati he the vice- president. But If thef% ^old renialii iw^ or more vrho have etpial "Vofefi ' the isenflte s choose from them bj hallorthe vil^-|Hf«8ident IV. The congress may deHfrmfae di« Uioni of choosing the electors, and the day on Whkhdiejr shall give I heir votes; virhioh i!ce of the linked Slaies. li^ nay rc^quire the .opiDion id writing t^llie ^liiet- pal ofte^rs i|i eaeh of tt»e executive depai'tmeDtSy upon any suhiect relauiig to tlie^lutjes of tlieir l^«pe(|M^« t^nuees f and be shall have poWer t« gnint reprieyet and pardonsn^ for ,6Aen<;e9 aeainft the UaUed States, exeepC jh eases df Impeaelk^ II. He thall have power/ by and Mitli the aa- ^keand eofisejl j^ the «enate> toi»$to;irea^et, provided twa*lbM« of the seaalora fyeeent odh^ ^w\ IM^ bf Shan aomimk^it ^lid^y attd witb the iiiiflBfrr«|i^.e«i8eirt ^, Ow scaa^it aball app%iiht ial»aisa4«i%n ^fa^r pt^^Q B aul^ Ju4gea of Uie 8V|»reiu€ eiMir^^ 4iid all otiier sal etini^nihm of the Unfta SmUk * iii|on*s pt theWnfted-Statesy wb^ appoint- iifliitif: arte not Ifiereifi afhervi^e .|»rovifled foi^ Wat iRhieb shaU b^ eslabUtbed; by law. But ibe eoof^imm^yf ^J I&Wf ves^ ^hc appfokiliDeDl of ioeb iafepior offieers as tbey tbink proper in the pi^esi^fii alimef in tbo oouria of law» or in tbn beads of department**; IIL 'Hie preaideni aball bare power to W up all Ta^aneies tbat may happen during tbe recess of tlie senate^ by granting eomml^sionB which fibali expire at the end of their next session. *tV ' SECTION ni; He shall from time to timeygive to tbe ^onr grefls information of Uie state of the Union ; and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and ei^* dient. He may^ on extraordinary oeeasionSf convene b9th houses or either of them ; and^ in rase of disagreement between them, with respect tj» the time of adjournnienty he may acyourn them to such time^as he sliaJll think proper*. He shall receive ambassadors and other public mi- nisters* He shall take care that the laws be IkithfuUy executed ; and shall commission all the officers of the United States. SECTION IV. Tbe president^ vice-president» and all elfil officers of the United States shall be remoyed from office on Impeaehment for, and eonviation of treason, briberyi or oth^ |i%h oHnief and misdemeanors. •#. QemMaiifrtk of tAe UniM 8Mm '^n .!i, ■*;;i- ARTICLE a— SECHON !• The judioial power of the United S|pto#^Mlttt be vested in one supreme oourt^ MidlifiiiMi fai« ferior courts, as the ewigress mdy IMkrltaiet^ time ordain and establfoh. The Jfidve^' both of the supreme and Ififerior ooorliy shall faeid thefar offices during good behaviop, -aad^^ihay^ at stated times, receite fortheirserviees, a eompensatlon^ whieh shall not be dimiaished during their €on« tilHiiiiee in oflke. SECTION II. F. The Xu^lf^^ftVpower shall extend to all ease?. In ic^ i^d equity, ansing under this constitu- tiofi* ^;.j laws of the United States, and treaties made, or whieh shall be ihade, under thehr au^ thoritjr; to alt cases affeeting ambassadors, other public ministers, and eonsols ; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction r to eon* troversies to which the United States shall be a ' parly ; to controversies between two or more states, between a state and citizens of another state, between citizens of different states, be- tween citizens of the same state elafming lands under grants of different states, and t^tween a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign Slates, citizens, or subjects. II. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other publio ministers, and eonsuls, and those in which a state shall be party, the supreme court shall bave original jurisdiction, in all the other eases before mentioned, the supreme court slfH^II hkve appellate jurisdiction, both as to law andHliOtt with such exoeptions, and under such regulatlonft' as the congress shall make« * '■'i m jM^^mtimmkm tf the UnHed SMie. lrifili«f all crlm^ except in oases »ii^ shtm be bj^itrj; and such b» field Utile state wliere tKe said Hull h»v#4»een ^eominiited ; but when not ^anuiiittei witbin any gtate, tbe trial shall be otvtmliplfMMeiplaees at tlie eongress may bj fll 'V^£a f. Treason against the Unil^ StetM sbail eonsist only in lerfiiig wa^r asaiast them* or in adhering to their enernies, gitHig tbem aid and eomfortfc Ne person shall be^eonvieted of trea- tpn> unless on the testimony of two witaeeses to the same oTert aety or oisi eonffsinon in (men 9purU • . - ''-''' IL The eongrcss shall bare power to declare Hie puhiiihnieut of treason^ but, no attainder of treason shall work dorrii|ition of blood, or for- fl^lturei except during the life of tbe person at- t^ted. ARTICLE IV.— SECTION I. ri^jH f^itb and eredit shall be given in each slate to the public acts, records and judicial jMPooeedings of efcry other state. And the con- gress fsay by general laws prescribe the man- ner in which such aets» reqo^s and prooeedipgs shall be proved^ and the eflfbct thereof. SECTION n. I. Tho oitizcjis of eacti dtate stiall be ejititled to sJl pit^ileges ^ iminiUiitl^s ^ ^Uitseiur Jki the several states. It. A jpe^soh eharged hi any slate With li^i^- sont felony» or other crimdi who ftba#ilee tm^m ^■*^ €^n9iiMion of the Unltei J)i6# iSf m-i justice* and be founit in another ^i^, ilianr on deinand ot* ihe exoolitive autbo^|^%a|; Ite, state from which he fled, be deliverel;it|^ io bo removed to the state having jinrisdtetioa of tho crime. , HI. No person lield to serrice or hibor in one', state, under the taws thereof, escaping into an-^ other, shatl, in eon»ec|uenGe of anj law or re- gulation therein, be dis^h^rp^ed from saeh serviee cur labor, but sihail be delivered u|> on elaiin of the tiari^' Ca whom such service or hibor mav be due. sEcrriox iii. ■»:'tM I. New states may be admitted by Che etNt-" «*ess into this union, but na new state shall be formed or erected within the jusisdictioo of any oiher state f nor \kny state be formed by Ihe; junction ot* two or riMire state*, withoui tJM oon- sent of the ie^»latures of the- states conoemeii as well as ol* the eot^re»s» . II. The congress shall have po^wer ta dis[>ose of and make all needful rules- and regulations respecting the territory or other property be- longhig to tite United States; and nothing ii> this eonstUution shaU be so construed as^ to pre- jttdfee any claims of the Umted States^, os ot any particulai states 8£CTt€^ lY- The United States shalt guarantee to erery state m this union a repuMiean fbrm of govarn- SMnt, and shfjl protect eacb of thent agaknt in* Hnmii I and os ^iplieatipn: of ihe^ }f ^dature>^ o(^ I ^ ^' !• 1^-i" f^^itm^^Milver when the leg^islatiire oatinot b»F«oilij|lii^ llg«hi8t doieaio violtooe* . ^ ARTICLE y. The oottg^8»9 whenever two thirdi of holb liossei ftmH deem it nee%99wyi ' sbiiU propose Itmenflmeiitt to without iU consent, shall bo df^pi-iiced iff its equal ^uiTrage la (he senate*. ABriCi4E; VI. i I. Ail deh($ contracted, and engagements en<%. tered into Uefare the aJoptron of the constituiionj.. shal^he as vitlid against the United Stsiies undep- this constitu(iuiH as under the confederation^ If. This CQnstitution« and the laws of the- United States, vihMx shall he n^& in pursuance- thereof; find all treaties madcn o^ whioii sItfM be m'4de, qndei^ (he authority of tnte IXfiited B(at6S| ^lialf |)0 the si^eme Hw of tlie fauid'l and tb(6 S0e^'\nM'9^ty pj^ dialt he bi^iiiKl thereby^ an^iliii^ m (h^ eoi»«|i|iiaoii ei &lM liC^ I4.y sta^ to (li^ |B^||trary ttfitwUhstaiMHn^^^ N,^President^ and delegate from Yi^inia. JV^- Haiwpshirek Jbha Langdon, Nlcholas^ Gilmatt« MoBsackuseUs^ Nathaniel Gorhanif Bufua King.. ' Coiittech'cii^.. "Vfm. ^nutel Jbhnson>. Roger ^eroMMi^ JV^w-Forfe. Alexander Hamiltoa*. William LivingstOB»^ David Brearley, William Patterson^. Jonathan Dayton* Pemneyilvania.. dto CVnribiierdii tfthe UniM Slfvtot Geoi'ge: €l|tfneiv ThortkAs VStzsimoos, Jared Inji^Mlty James Wilson^ Govemeitr Morris*. Detuwate* George Recd» Gunning Bedford yjun* John Dickinson, tticliard Basset^ Jacob Brooms v^>.*..f,wi Cliarles Piii^kney^ Maryland. . ■ " James. M without just compensation.^ \l, fin a1) criminal prosecutions^ the aeeused shall enjoy the rif»lit (o a speedy and publie trial* by an impartial jury, of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed ; which district shall have been pi^eviously ascer- tained by law ; and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him ; to have com* pulsory process for obtaining witnesses in hia favor ; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence. TIL In suits aicommtm law* where tbe value in controversy shall exceed twenty dol]%i*s, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved; and no fact tried by jury shall be otherwise re- exaniined Inany court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. YIII. £xcessive bail shall not he required ; nor excessive itnes imposed ; nor cruel and un- usual punishment inflicted. ]X. The enunicration, in the eonstitution^of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. X. The powers not delegated to the fjniled States by the constUutioa, nor prohibited by it to the statcSf are reserved tp the states lis* spectivciy, or to. the people. / XI. The judieial power of the IMted Statea ConiiiiuHon of the United States. SS9 shall not lie construed r by eitizeas or subjects of any foreign state. XII. The'eleoturt shall meet in their re- spective stales, and vote by ballot for president and vice-presidents one of whoni» at least shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as president, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as vice-president ; and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as presidenty and of all persons voted for as viee-president» and of the number of votes for each, whi6h lists they shall sign andeertify, and transmit sealed to the government of the United States, directed to tlie president of the senate ; the president of the senate shall, in the presence of the senate and house of representa- tives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted : ^he person having the greatest number of votes for president shall be the president, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed ; and if no person have snch majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers noi exeeed^ ittg three on the list of those voted for as presi- dent, ' the house of representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the president. Bat in dioosing the president, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall oonsist of a member or members ^m two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the iitates slmU be neoessary to a choioe. Antl S40 Constitution of the United Sialti. if the tiouie of*represeiititWet- thill not ehoote a pretident ^^heneTer the right of clioiee shall ilevolve upon them, before the fourth daj of March iMltfollQuii^l tl^ea Ih^ yice-DresideDl shall act at prctitlenfy at ih Ihe eatb of the death «i>r. other contlitp^tioDal J|)|pliilit^ of the pre- thlent. The person having the greateit number of v^stet at vice-preiHleni, tfiaTl be Tiee^preiidenty if sueh number be a meioi^ oCj^Mfbi>le num- ber of ekclort npppinted } and if nd perton have a majoriiy, then from tlie tvo high i .. > ■■':'■ - ('■ i> ft 4 • . > F,AB£WELL AODBEB8. '» TO tiiE rkont •r TBJi VJ^ITBD STJiTES. THE period foir the new eleetion of i eitisetty to admiiiiiter the Exeeutive GoYora* meat of the Uaked States being not far distant* and the time aetually arritM* when year thoughts must be employed in designatla§ the person who is to be elothed with thai important trust, it appears to me proper, espeeially as it may eonduee to a more di8'l^f^t expression of the public voi^* that I shoulti mow appnae j of the resolution 1 have fbrmed, to decline heiag eoasidered among the nun:«lier of those oat m whom a ehoiee is to be liiade. I l>eg you« at the same time, to do me the J-astioe to be assured, that this resolution Ima not been taken without a strict regard to all the eonsiderationsa^iertaining to the relation which Mnds a dutiftil citizen to his country ; and thatt in withdrawing the tender- of serviee^ which iUence fai my sitoation might imply* I am in- Ja 24t Farewell Addret$ of Washington* Hueficed by no dimiBution ^f ze^l for jour fu- lmar tat^reiiti, *nt^dofi\!!Setiey^ grateful respect for yofdst past kindness; but am supported witb a ibtreovVi^tiooy tiift the step is conipatible Traces bave twice M * ''■:: '*V , iDi^ the office t cfsire it to jfouy out mature reiiection orthetben^ perplexed >ind cVit|cal posture oi' our affairs witli ! foreign nailions, and the unanimous advice of persons efit ft ted to my confidjt^nce^ ipipejled |i|^ to iband^oti the idea», _ „ ^ %J ^bjoicc that th(B slate of your (Concerns, exs- teriiiQ as w^H as Intef'nal^ no Ioniser renders t,l|e' piirsuit of inclination incomputible with the sen*, timent of dtity or propriety ; and am persuaded, WliateTei* partiality may be Yctained for my' services^ tli^t in the present circumstances of our country^ ^oo wilt not disappifove my de|te|*9> nrination to retire. yThe impressions with whicb ) first undcrtoolf. the lirduous trust, were explained on th^ priipeV^^ occasion^ Jn the discharge of tbii truii^ J w^. onf)' sajy (hatl hiLve, i^ith good inteottpii|^^^i% tribcted towards the organize tic^n lipd a^puoir^ stratioB isi tjbe GoToriUU(?tii# tfie bes| ^jrifcyiil "^--fiS^ ar fu- espect Iwitli IhcrHi I twice of }ii- he. t i much notive9 to rfe- id been inc^ina- NI9 hadt I tode«> he then, ii's with vice ot\ Ued m I 'nsy ex<- iei'ff l;Ue ihe sen-f | Isuadedy . OP inj inces of Var^dl .Iff iire93 af Jfashingiimi '*ri Icrtodlf. 'Si M e.— ^. lif which a tc^ fallible Ji4if|Eiea^ _ Not unedQseiausy in the oiitset/ ^^^ ^ your real Indep^m^ltee^ ^ikf^ffij^riittrour tra^« qiiilHty at Uoi||e« Att4 ^m^ peaee a6r^ ; ^^Jf^i^ safiBtVy of your prbsp^rtty^ d^ i.hat veryliDcrty whi^^b you so hi^ly pri^e* Bi^ as it is easy to foresee^ that from different qauses and from dlf-^ ferent quarters mueh palap trill be taken, many artiftees employed , tp tweal^Jn your minds the* eoovictioo of this trutfiy (as this is the point iit your politieat fortress^ agakist whieli the batte- ries of interhal aad external enemies will be mbst eonstaatly and aetively, though often cth Tertly and insiduously, du*eGted*) it is of infiriite moment that yon should properly estimate the immense value of your national untoo to your colleedve and indrvidua! h^pinessf that you ihould eherish a oordiaU habitual^ afi^ iuir moveable attachment to It, aeetistoming your- selves to think and speak of It as of Ih^ palla* dium of your political safety sod prosperiiy ; watching for its preservation with jealoes an- xiety ; discountefianeing whatev^ may suggest even a suspicion that it can Iff any evenl^^ abandoned ; and indignantly frowning upon etifeiy attempt to alienate any portioii of oar eonn^ ^rom the rest» or to enfeeble the sacred tfe» which aow link together the various parts*. For this you have every indueemeiit ef sym* pathy and interest.^ Citizens by btrtb or i^olcv of II eommon country,' that eounti^ has a> right to concentrate your affeetioas^^ Tlie name of r^' tia mit^n>imJ»it:^i df WiulaiigimL I *■ Jfitn^i^fi* "wktoii betofigt t^ jiMihkymt natloiMt fapacH/^' must always exalt the just pHde 9it fliXt^m Ikmnf thi^ aiiy lipjMlIattdff iforived from )oc^ Iferitatkiiis. l¥Hh Il^t shades of difference, ydtlHjiir#theiBaTnei^1igfofi9. maimeri^ liabitn ^M Mtttoil j^i^^ T^if 1iiive» Hi 't dommott cmi9i l^k^t aiidtartniiipfaed toge^ thet^l i{ie indepeiideiicie arid libl^ty jiifr fposseta are the work of jreur >iiNiiiells and joi«t efilMrlSy. of commoTi dangers^ suflTepings^ and saecftfssi^i. ^ But tfieib donsideraiionSf liowever" pbirdrfiffJI}' they address thenisefVes to yeilr seifsthfUty^ are greaUy outwetgHed by those whieli apply more knmeciiately ta yoiir interest* ^^^ every por* lion of our eountry finds the most oOmmFandlngr motives fbr carefully guarding aad preservings the union of the whole* The Jfbrtht in aii unrestrained Infereotirte with the l^otMi. protected by the equal l^lvs of a common governraebt, finds in the pt*o^etioiia of the IWtt«r great ad[lltional resovrces of inarf* time and cemmeroial eirterprises^. and prifteioUa ' loiaieriah of manufacturing industry* Tlie Simthf, in the same intercourse^ benefiting by thei^ney of the JWfh> sees its agrSViuUiire grow^ and it» eommerce expand. Tbi*nfng partfy into itsowa ^annel's the seamen of ihe^ Ji^thr it finds ita particular nayigattoi( ijnvigorated^ 'Md;^Miile it e^ntrlbtkes in dlfibretit Ways to mMirtsb' ^nd ili- 01^6 the v^ei^ mass of (he ii^tidiHi] tiiatt-^ giil^f it h>6kis forward lb the prete^oii ef a^ ^tlrne str^n^h/ to whi^h. itself ii Unequally ad^pied^ 't'helEa^ ite^ a Uk/o^ tt^remii'seK Xfmt tlie l^esir atreadf "fi^ds^ add m Hie pFomssIt^ fmpr6fem^nt of ^tedimr eo^niunii^onliy iaiit Ww$ter^ wlU myofj^ aod jDore fiiMt a faluabl^ AffiMn •Mdn8$ o/WdMngt^* nr rive* «, to more >■''■' l^ws of tielioii» • teftfi- ri^eioils agency ftiid]t» it» owa Ms it» hiteii iindili^ iiati- [oil of » font for Uie oommodUies whioh it brinM QnM abroad^ OR manufactore» at home, /tii^ yT^t derives from tbe Ea$t gupplt6» cffitUite to Us growth ttod eemPort— and what jft forhaps* of still greater oodfiiequeupet it. ^^matl of i^ecesaity •we the secure enjof useat of iodMl^en^blo outleta far>its owo prodoetioos t« the iifeight, iaft^eKloe» and the fature^ marttiiiie strength of the A.tlantio side of the UfiioD> direeted by an hidisaaluble Oommunitjr of interest as one nation. Aoj other tenure hy which the WeH ean hold those eiisen- tial ad«aiitaj;es» whether derived from Us oyrn separate strength^ or from an apostate and un* natnral eonnexicm with any foreign powe/^» must b^ intrinsically preeapioas^ While, then» every (lart of our conntry thus^ Ibels an immediate and partieular interest in Uniotty all the part» coihbiaed eannot fail to fi^id in the united mass of means and efforts, greater' Btr0Dgth> greater roiiiou roe, proportioqably greater- seeurityfrom external danger, a less frfH]iieni mterniption of their peace 1:^ foreign nations^ and^ what is of inestimable value, they must derive teiMk Union an exemption from those broMs; and warsk among themselves, which sa frequently aflHot neigtibonring countries, not Ilea together by thesame gOTernniettt ; whi^h< their own rivaladi^ips alone would be suffiolent %o- produce^ but whiek opposite foreign aUianeeSf. attachmests^ and intrigues, would stimulate and embitter*—* Henee likewise they avoid the neees-^ sity of those overgrown military establish ments^. ivhioh under any wm of government are ioaa-- spiei«usto> liberty^ and whioh are tf^ be regarded as partleulaDiy hos^le. to lUpublieaa liber^ ; in 4hla iease4t A that your Unsou ought ta ba oim.*^ ,<* 448 Farewell Address qf Washington. ?*%: •i^lrefl as a nmin prop of your liberty, and (hat Ike littions and aims of other districts* You csta- ttot shield yourselves too mni^h agaiitsl the ^- loosies & heart-burnings which spiring fnun these misrepresentations; thiey tend t6 render sdlen in each other Aose who ougjhi Ul lie ^bntmA l»- ^ •^\y^' >' ,^l;v.r und that you the primal*^ a (ktoKt ihraiie ao lat % p^^- iuxHiargr e expert* 11 expcf i- 9 iiiotiva» Crated ila reason lo loyquar- may'dii- tci^ |«- lavetiiein jrgeogra^ ling B«en ihere iaa w^ One inftnence •esent the ¥ouc;in- the jca- ■cuB i^ese der ^ka ■*" •■" iJB iff 1 " M jl^tber by fn&ternal afl^etion. 1%e ||ltsia^iilto Qf par weBt^rn country have Katalyltlwl a liteTttl Jiessoii on tl^is lieafl ; they h%yi^ ie^n^ iil the ne- 'Kpefation by tfte |^featlte, and in the anani- mauB iratifto£iipn by me denate, of the treaty WJ^ SpAnt ancT i^ 0ie universal satislhctioii lit fhe ^T^nt throughoarthe United States^ a decl- bIto proaf how unfounded were the Bqsplotons prppaig;atediim](yng theoif of a policy in the Grene- l>ai Government^ and in the Atlantle Statesy un- friendiy to their interests in regard to the MIb- sissippi : th^y have bet .i witness tn the forma- tion of two treatieSf that with Great Britain and that with Bpaiuy whioli secure to them every thing they oould dtsire^ in respect to our forei^ retationsy, towards confirming their piHosperity. Will it not be their wisdom to rely for the pre- servation of these advantages on the Uidon by whieh they were procured ? Will they not henoe- forth be deaf to those advisers^ if such there aret who would sever them from their brethren apd ponneot them with aliens ? Ta the efficaey and permanence of your Uniony g^ GoT^rament for the whole Is indispensable. No allituipo* however strict, between the parts, cm be an adequate substitute ; they mnst in- evitably experienoe the infraclions and inter- ruptions which all alliances in all times have ex- perienced. Sensible of this momentous truth» you have improved upon your first essay^ by the adoption of a Constitution of Government better .e^loulated' than your former by an iutimate Union* and for the efficacious management of your comincp cpneerns. The Government» the offspring of our own choice, uninflueaced and nnawed^ adopted upon full investigation asid ma- .^^.v^Jii^'^/y y. *JV>i"»'W* ^ (|^ JFamcdl Mdre» {^WoMngton. .'f; tliire d^llNnitfonf^ completely fjwe far ihr priilf^ cipleff in ih# liistribntion of its poW0n, nnltiiig seeurity Iviiil OBorgy, and eonuiiBihl^ wfihlti it- self a provlsioD Ibp Iti^ iilrffiimtiMlfkienty bair to just elalm to ytrap oonfkfeoMr iiiid td your lup- poi^e. Respect for Its adthorfty, ' l^pliiioee ivitli its lawsy aoqiriescenee is its theastiresy are duties enjoined ify the fundamental iliiiicims of true liberty* 'the basis of onr pofitical system is the light of the people to make and toaUer their Constitutions of Government ; but the Con- stittitiom which at any lime exists, tilicbangeci by an explicit and authentie aet of the whole people, is sacredly obligatory upon ail. ^e Tery idea of the power and the right ofthe peop^ to establish Government, presupposes the d^ty of every kidlvidual to obey tlie established Go-^ Terumeat».> Atl obstructions to the executron of the taw9>. an combinations and associations, tinder what- ever plausible character, with the real design to direct, control, counteract, or awe the regular deliberation and action of the constituted ^au- thorities, are destructive of this fundamental principle, and of.fatal tendency. ^Phey serve to organize faction, to give it an artiiicial and ex- traordinary force-^to put In the pfaee ofthe de- legated will of t|ie nation the will ofthe partyt often a snrall but artful and enterprising mi- nority of the community ; and,, .according to the alternate triumphs of difierent parties, to vnstke the public administration the mirror of Che 111- eoncerted and ineoogruo us projects of a feetionv rather than the organ of oonsistent and whole- some plans digested by common councils^ and modified by mutual ialereslii.. \ ■ tiidUng IhiH it^ iplhiiicte %x\m% oi* I syslem 1 t6 alter the CoB- obangeil le wfcote il. Th© lie peop|[> tbe ihity sived Go- jf • ■ ' ■ ' Tarewell Address of Washinglim. 25i Fovrever ciHMtituUAiit or atsoeiations ^f tte :.bove description maj now and ^en answer po** pillar ends, iik»y are likely^ in tlie course of tiine and tkiiigi* 4o beoome poUilt en^nesi by wbich cunningf jambitious aofl mprioeipled neii wiU^ be enabl^ 0, tabvorl tbe poiver of ihe people* and to iic(urp fiqr Ibemselvef tbe reins of govem- mf^nt; destrovjpg afterwards tbe very engines w^t^b liate. lifted tbem to unjust dominion. . Q^owards Hthe preservation of your Govern*' menu and tbe permanency of your present bap* p^ Mate» it is r^^uisitet not only that you stea** (illy •idispoua.tenant^e irregular opposition to its acknowledged ^thorityy but also that you re*>-, sisiwitb care tbe spirit of innovation upon its pri|ieiple8« however specious the pretexts. Ono v inethcMl of assaullt may be to effect^ in tbie form of the Co|istj|.ution» alterations which will inu pair the energy of tbe system, and thus ^ un^ d^rmipe what cannot be directly evertbrown^ |j9 >ll tbe changes to which yopinaybeSa- >]te4f remember tli^t xime and habit are at least I as necessary to fix the true character of Govern* ). meats as of other human instilution»~that ex- ip.erience is the surest standard by which to test (he real tendency of the existing Constitutions of a Country^ that facility inelian^es, upon thes ]e|*edit of meti^ hypothesis and opinion exposef;: |to perpetual ohaage, from the endless variety )f hypothesis and opinion ; and remember^ espe* [ciaily, that for the efficient management of your common intete&tSf in a Country so extensive as ' )jirs9 a Gfoyemment of as muiih vigour as is eon* distent with tbe perfect security of liberty^ is in*^ lispensable* Liberty itself will find in such a ipvi^fmentf with powers properly distribfiteti I* '' it' f II I ii . Afttpwfi KfWifi? J^pwi vithin the If mils pretei^eaUy ilie 1iv§/ anu to . ^ J^fjt BHB |IOW taU ft. M^i^ •^Pfi(t^ /,rT|ilt#|iinioi nnf^i^vfimyrU lDfiei#rftb|^ fipp our nature^ liaving itsfiopt in the i|trQ|n|sf U f^ sions of the human inind.— It txistg under dift l^r^nt j^oMbM^^ SoverRuients, morc^ 9I!|^m itjQed» '^0|urolle4» or opjiressed : biit in t'hos^ ot:Uie po^JtMr foroiji it la ofieo ^n iti griefiie&i raniu^eM» and U (ri«lj their worst dCfoiiij^, \^*^^, ^ ',^he j^ternate dQininBtion of one iJeMCt^bii jf^|r ftnotU»r# ahai'peDed by the spirit ofxeYengp^^^ ^^ral lip paDty disaenllony ^Hich In, (Aiff^i;^! ue#.a^ eoui|trie» has perpetrated t&o aiostphp/T md ern^Uies^ is itself a niost^orri4 4<^ipo,^in^ O^e disorders and miseries v/hich tf^BufXf, gr^« 4^i4^7 ine^ne the minds of men to seek^Kieiui^ %|ia |e|^ in the absolute power of; an rii^f^pfi- 4}A\hJiui, sooner ^^r later, U^ «>M9f J»l>^ ff^Vaifing faciioni more asm or nui]i^iV^uii|^tl9 Uaan ^itf icomp^Ulor^, tar^s ih\f disp94^^^ «l!B,pi|]^s^8,|rf^his own^lwtii^ ^^irviSllll / Lhout looking for^ Ihis kind, (vhich^ neT^rthelessy on Without looking forward to Wflf 1 •ill agi sies one riot eign oiljlj the I anili polio, Th tries I ofthi spirit proba nareh gonce partj. to bee it Is oe spirit belngc tobeb assuage inands iBg iat •houM ifih^m dcr dif- 'MU It rariWiJl Mire$i of Wa$hingtonl sift be entirelj out of ficht,) the eommoD w0 oon- tinued miiehleft of (be spirit of party tt lafficient to make it tbo intereit and dutj. of a wiie people to diieourage and reitrain it. ^ ^ ■ « ■ It senret ahrays to At traet the public eonn- eilif and eoftl^ble the public adiuiniitration. It agitaiipi the eoromunitj with ill-fbonded jealou- tiei and flilse alarins ; kiudlei the animositj of one part a^intt another ; fomentB occasionally riot and insurrectiom Jt openi the door to for- eign influence and corruption, vrhieh find a fa- cilitated aceesi to the GoTcrnihent itself, through the channels of party passions. Thus the policy and the will of one country are subjected to tha^ policy and will of another. ' * ,v • \ There is an opinion that parties in free eoutt* tries are useful checks upon the administration of the Goyernment, and serve to kee^ alire the spirit of liberty. This, within certain limits, is probably true ; and in Governments of a mo- narchical cast, patriotism may look with Indul- gence, if not with favour, upon the spirit of party. But in those of the popular eharaeter» in GoTcrnmonts partly elective, it is a spirit not to be encouraged. From their natural tendenoyf it is certain there will always be enoueh of that spirit for every salutary purpose. And there beii^; constant danger of excess, the effect ought to be by force of public opinion to mitigate and lassnage it. Afire not to be quenched ; it de- imands an uniform vigilance to prevent its burst- ing into a flame, lest, instead of warming, it should eonaumc. P' . cauUoiiy tb^\|iQtrij«(0tl%ltbit«adfiiitilsti^ibn» to eraifliie ti^CMOpieivet i^thfir their l«i|McttTe oonttitotiaxHil Jm^r^lL f ^MtiVf in th^ eximite of the powi^^ of f«S id^|^l^(ifi«»it le eiior»tutlonal Powers be in any partledlar wrong, let it foe eorrected by an aniendnient in the i^y whieh the Constitution designates. But let there be no change by usurpation; for though this, in ' one instance, may be the instrument of good, it is the customary weapon by which free Govern<» m^^htiB are destroyed. The precedent vaust al- ways' gr^ntly overbalanoe in permanent ^eril any partiaror transienl benefit whieh Uie use jpan at any time yield. * . Of all the dl^iosftions and habits whieh lead to polities prosperity^ Religion and MoraUtjr. KrewMi itNutiioniy itfpeellre exerelfe M tends eitlmate Abuie ity t, If s«f- posHloa; the exer- id dUtH- id^onati- weal a- D evineed Bome of jwii eyc8. r as to in- le peoplof b Consti- ropgf let tbe Vfay t let there h tbtUf ia ' good» it t Govern* must al- it .era any hieh lead MoraUtf mrtJadMp^iipa^fi Jupi^yrM*. Ip vain wonld that mim ^\9i)mi^0i};\\^{f^.^ifi^M6(M W ho ibtiuld labour 1ft ¥i^vert li*|e^e great ftluMF of buin^h ilapi^lle^•» t We prJBiest pitij^^ ahd eiil- ■eoni The^fnera^lllffMljtfcian, ,^^ with the >louf.«iai^^ «)mh|l^^'f^qt^ them. .AvolttiQii eoMld ^i| ■liijr jki^a^rt^ \i It to Vise U ia pt»ai4i]i^jr :ai; Ppsutipid ; fekte, HtkH wmeiiiberiiie also, that i\me\y 4is«. ▼igbfbuli $x6rtlod9 in tiinte of peace to disQliiriife the detta 'ivhieh unaToidable wars ma^ liaye oo« cas)otred» not ungenerously throwing upon poste* ritjr the burthen which we ourselves ought to bear. The exeoution of these maxims belongs to your Bepresentatives, but it is necessary that publie oy[iin]on should co-operate; To facilitate to them the perfbrmance of their duty» it is es- sentiaf that you should praetioalty bear in mind» that towai^s the payment of debts there must be a revenue; that to have a revenue^ there must he taxe&; that na taxes oan be devised which are not more or'^less ineonvenient and unpleasant : that the intrinsic embarrassment inseparable from the selection of the proper ofa|jects (whiek is always a choice of difficulties) ought to be a decisive motive for a eandid ooostruotion of the conduct of the Government in making it, an4 for a spirit of acquiescence in the measures fo^ obtaining revenue, which the publio exigencies may at any time dietate» Observe good faith and justice towards all nations ; cultivate peace and harmony with alL Religion and Morality enjoin this conduct ; and can it be that good policy does not equally en^ . join it ? It will be worthy of a free, enlightened^ and, at no great distant periocU a great taation» to give to mankind the magnanimous^ and toe % epeTt ave oc« I po8te« jght le ry ths^t kciliiate it is es- D mindy must be re must lich are oasatit : larabli wbieti tQbe ft of the • aii4 res foi^ enoies noTcL example of a people alwi mUmfit cet^rse Wtime aq^^ flf iriioli IT ijllau t^ouM H0K)|f M^ aiVanUtke? iHiieii^iiiit^ lier^bo iu> It ? m]if «S'i&amM#M^^ liitf nbi ; eoitiie^ tti^^P^i^^ MVit^^f IPhee'x^e^^^^^ is reoom- nJrtnMlM^b^every senti^ e.iiiio|l|les)Mimaii n^ilAre. Aiftl ! , is It. rendered impossi^^^ Tli/C9 1 ' ■'■ ': ■■•.,' 1..- \ |.---<- la the elLeoutioQ pf Buoh a pf aai nothing iii ^^^ more essential than that periaaii^nt^ inyeteratci.; antipathies against particular nations* and ^f^!, sionate attachments for othersf should hi^^ex?^. eluded $ and tbat» in plaee of them, jtist aa^^^ amicable feelings towards all 9hou1d be eultir/v Tated* The nation which indulges towards a%^. other an habitual hatred* or an habitual fond-^.,^ ness* is in some degree a slave* Iti# a sls^ye t^t; its animosity* or to its alfection* either of ^rhiebi 18 sudi6ient to lead it astray from its duty aaC;| its interest. Antipatliy in one nation againsi!^^ another disposes each more readily to offer insuli, . and injury 9 to lay hold of slight eauses of um-' ^ brage, and to be haughty and intractable* when , a^idental and trifling occasions of dispute oot" cur. Hence frequent collisions* obstinate* en- Tenomed* and bloody contests. The nation, premptedby Ul-wiil and resentment* sometime* impels to war tlie government* contrary to tlie best c'cilculations of policy. The governmont^^' sometimes participates in the national propen- sity, and adopts through passion what reason 5« would reject 5 at other times it makes the ani^'^j 'H ill ) t 0$ raH$ik^tMliti»^ 6f'WkV^ i' liiosUT^^f the ufatfim sub$(Bi*v!<^irt 1^ f»r«K|6cU4>r other sffilsT^^r aii^ dmbitioiiar tilbtivc»« — Tbe peace i^fteiiy ' iotiietimei perhaps the liberty of nations, bas be<^ tlt% vH^ffb, ^ So/likewise. li pasitb^t^ aflH^liiiienf^oiie nation f^r another, piN)duce» a variety ^ ev^s, Sympatby for the ftiVOiirlte oatiotlt faettkatki^ the Illusion of an inia|»ihary coniNMn interetfji In cases where no real eommon interest exists, and infusing into one the enmities of the other* betrays the former into a partielpl^ition in the quarrels and wars of the latter* without ade- quate inducement or justification. It leads alsa to eoncesslons to the favourite nation of privi- leges denied to others* which it apt doubly ta Injure the nation making the ooneessions ; by linneeessarlly parting* witb what ought to hava been retained ; and by exciting jealousy* iil^will* and a disposition to retaliate, in the parties from whom equal privileges are withheld | and it givea to ambitious* corrupted* or deluded eitizens, (who devote themselves to the favourite nation) facility to betray or sacrifice the interests of their own country* without odium* sometimea even witli popularity ; gilding with the appear-* ance of a virtuous sense of obligation* a eom-« niendable defe&^nce for publio opinion* or a laudable zeal for public good, the bate or foolish aompliancevi of ambition* oorruption* «tir iitfa<« tuation. As the avenues to^foreign influence ^re in in« numerable ways* sueh attaehn^^ntt are partleu- lirly alarming to the truly enlightened and in- dependent patriot. How many epjportHttitiaa do they afford to tamper with domt^itie iaetiofiSA ft. Wem0§lt M^rtu of Wa$hmgi0n. ^B9 liberty of mi of one r^ evilf, KUltktttlDI^ r itftere«r» ist exists^ the othep» on in tho hottt ade- leads also I of privi- doubly to »io|is ; by it to bava y, ilKwil1> ^rties from nd it gWea eitizonsii te nation) terests of lometimea \» appear-^ y a oom,-« on» or a or foolisb ;op iiifa« lire in in* ^e partieu* )d and in; tnnitios. fii^tio|i9A to pt^aetlse tbe arts of seduction, to mislead publio opinion « to iniliience or f|we tbe public eouniiiU ! > 8\icb an attaehment ot a small or veak« towards a great and powerfi^ tiationt dooms the furmer tobe tbie salellUe uf tlie latter* 1^ Against tbi> insiduous Axiles of I'orei^^n in* #iieniee, (I ooi^fuve yon to believe me^ fellow- •iUa^iSt) tbe jealousy of a free people ougM to lie eonstantly awake; since bi story ^nd expe- vience prove tbat foreign iniluence is one of the most baneful foes of a Republican Government. But tbat jealousy, to be useful, must be irupar* tial ; else it becomes tbe instrumeni of the very Influence to be avoided, iuf^Cead of a defence a- gatnst it. — Excessive partiality for one^ nation^ and excessive dislike of another, cause thosd whom they actuate to see daaii;er only on one side, ami serve to veil, and even second tbe arts of influence on the other. Real patriots who may resist the intri^s^ues of the favourite, are liable to become suspected ^!^m! (M^iou^ v wbi!e its !toDls and diipe» usurp tbe a^piaasc •fidence of the people, to ^LiH-eniJe^ terests. ....... i Tbe great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign tiations, is, in extending our com- mercial relations, to have with them as little ftolilical connexion as possible. So far as we nare already formed engagements, k them be fulfilled witb perfect gocid faith.— •Here let iu stop. Europe has a set of primary interests, whioh to us have none, or a very remote relation^ Hence she must be engaged in fi*equent eontre- Tersies, the causes uf wbieh are essentially fois fign to .our eo&eeras. Henoe> therefore^ it mosi ind con- their in» fihh^im'm Ion, 'i)X MM FareioeU Addreas g bf unwiie in U8 to implieate ourselves bj artii- oiai^b8^Hb#^rton, to ant nA- aoqui- rd the choose )u»tice| mliar a >oii for- destiny ;le out ropean or ca- >ernia- foreigh 'apar)le pabM6 I always it those Betnse. vrnttld )8, hf Aditt9$ of Washington. 96i saitable esteblislifnents, on a resiiectable defen- sive posture^ we may safely trusl to temporary aliiaiices for extraordinary emergeaoieii. Barmofiy, ltl>eral intereourae with all natiom« are reeomraeadai by |i»li«y» humanity, and m- terest. Bot eren oar oommereial poliey should hoU an equal and imparlial hand ; neitiier beek- ing nor granting exclasive favours orpnsrentrve^s; consulting the natural coarse of things ; disusing and diversifying by j^entle means the streams of eommeree, but foi'cinjs; iiothin.s^: establishini!^, with powers so disposed, in or(ier to give trade a stable course, to define the rights of our mereharits, and to enable Grovernment to sup- port them, coiAveotional rules of intercourse^ the best that present cireumstances and mutual opinion will permit, but temporary, and liable to be from tiaie to time abandoned or, varied, as experienoe and circumstances shall dictate ; con- stantly keeping in view, that i^ is folly in one nation t^ look for disinteresfed favours from an- other ; ihat it must pay wiLh a portion of its in ^ depeotlence for whatever it may accept under that eharaeter ; tliat by such acceptance it may plaee itself in the condifion of haviug given equi- valents for nominal favours, and yet of being re- proaohed with ingratitude for not giving more. There can be no greater error tlian to expect or ealeulate upon real favours from natinn to na- tion. It is an illusiou which experience must cure, whioh a just pride ought to discard. In offering to you, sny 'countrymen, these counsels of an old and a.Tectiouate friend, I dare not hope they will make the stnmg and lasting impressions I could wish ; that they will control the usual current of the passions^ or preveat j-»" ■ 2612 MiHijDeitiddresii^^^^^^ l! I .durv^Di&tlMfi vfrom yrunmng ,(lie bourse Mi'iffen fias LiiJi^^jiil^a the desciny of^adVms*; 'tttiiif I in«y , in the discharge of my ofRcHirdu- tieSt I have been glided by the principles ^hich have been delineaxed, the public records, and other evidences of my conduct, mufit witnefs to you and to ^ as bound in duty and interest to take, a neutral |M)sition. Haviog taliea it, 1 determiued^ asfarj as should depend upon me, to maintain it wit ^luodciation^ persevcranee and firmness. ^* ^^" The eonsiilerations which retipeqt the right t hold this conduct, it is not iiivessary, on thi thlrsi M "^^ I or Id^i||ii6- ^'^flt^i sbli- hey Hate , t ' '• ■ • * rfBcWl du- ties ^hich onlsy and witnc^ to assuraiice It least be- I ar in Eu- pil, i798, d byyouip .epresenta- e spirit of d me I un- til vert itie tbe ai3 «f well &at!s- e circum ■ t, and >^asl a neutral jed^ as far ioit wUb ec.fa8ioB| to detail* I will only obs^rvcy that aeconding ie my understanding of th« matter^ thai right, so far from being dmetf liy aiiy of the belligerent powers, had beefl virtually att- iiMM^d.by^n.:. ;: , .:= *mo^^. ..u;. The duty bf'iiofdliiig a neiltral eonduct may be i|iferred,, without any thing more, from the ob« ligatioii whieh justiee and humanity impose on every inatito in cases in which it is free to act, to maintain inviolate the relations of peace and amity towards other nations. Tkfi inducements of interest for observing that conduct, will best be referred to your own re- flections and experience.' With me a predo- minant motive has been to endeavour to gain time to our country to settle and mature its yet recent institutions,- and to progress without In- terruption to that degree of strength and eon- sistency which is necessary to give it, humanly speaking, the command of its own fortunes. Though in reviewing the incidents of admi- nistration, I am unconscious of intentional error, I am nevertheless too sensible of my defects not to think it probable that I may have'oommitted many errors. Whatever they may be, I fer- ventljf beseech the Almighty to avert or miti- gate the evils to which they may tend. I shall also carry with me the hope that my country will never cease to view them with indulgenee ; and that after forty-iire years of my life dedi- cated to its service, with an upright zeal,, the faults of incompetent abilities will be consigned as myself must soon be to tke man- kindness in this a» in other that fervent love to- .Ai—i- — ^ — ' — P" wmmmm m H6^ FanuHUl Mdrea «f WBihtngimiu varila it» vMch It to iiAf villi to % nam who tfowt in it (he WHim Mil oC htattlf iMl bit prigtfti* torti for teYOW geooratioDt ^ I MlielpatOi witli pleating eipeolalion* that retreatf In vhiob I promite m^telf to reaiisei»» iiyit|jipnt allov^rllie tweet eajo)^inent Of partikingf ii the mMtf rf mj' tellow-oitizentf the benign Inftuoneo of good lawt under a free goveriimentf the ever f(i»?oiir- ite objeet of my MMirly and the happy rewardf at 1 trutty of uur muloal caretf labourt^ and dangert. GEORGE ^WASHINGTON* United Statee, Sept. 17, i796. )i tiewt ircteftio •9 with wbleh I offg«oil foifottr- rewMilf rov. liSfcJifc THE DECLARATION OF RIGHTS, JU it iseottstdered t>v8. Th proceed! impeach 9. Thi lature on the mem the pobli .to be con {from evil 10. Tl for amen laws, thi vened* 11. Tl 8. .Hir >n ansemMedy •ideration the i Constitution Kiny and more ARBy ;lit originates oompaet ooljy f tbe w&ole. ought to have egulating the ;reof. '^laud are cn- land/ and the se of that lawy iglish statutes 8t emieration, D found app1i« mstances, and made in £ng- en introduced, law or equitj; force on the and seyenty- eelpiredy or y acts of con* ;ht8f sohject d amendmi^nt 8 state I and so entitled to or under the irles the firsts dmore*' h< tbe legisla* ment) are the aecountajile yhene?er the Liclaration of Bights* 96r ends of government are pervertedy mild ^blie liberty manifestly endangered^ And ail other means of redress are inefieetu^ t|uD people may» mad of right oughtf to refsrin the old» or esta- blish a Bewgiiveroment; Ihe dootrine of nen- resistanee against arbitrary power and oppres- sion, is absurd, slavish, and destructive of the good and iiappiness of manV'^^d. 5. That thiB right in the , aple to participate in the legtshitufe is tlie best security of liberty, and the fbundation of ail free government ; for this purpose cleetiorts ought to be free and fre- quedr, and every man having a common interest >i)rith, and an attachment to, the community, 'bught to bavis a riglit of suffrage. 6. i^bat the legislative, executive and judieial powers of government, ought to be (or ever se- parat i^glilttiMNi .for the tedleeai «^g;rtef anoeiy it ^ ywu^eiiWt'^id % ' 18. IlfaAfcjllMev7nit^^i»3m'iby 4iiwf^.ltj^ vous ftOfi opprefi4v«^ land ombt^liifhiMftMuMl^ 4iiat |MU»|i9vii ought not U m MM^mmttbrth^ si^port orgavemfQQQl;^ but evevy •Hier pttson jinthe at4t(e».oii|^ to.MHUpHiiit0 hit;pro||ojp^ piiMpetaxea fQr.ih&.tiipport 9i\ipmww»i m»^ fi»v^^S Ao bin ,«etuat worth in. eekl •? pemwal property wathin this state;; yeifigi»H ixAim ^ taxes* maj properfy and justly be ira^sad or laid mrith a pelUical vievc fov tjie giMid §Q?ern-^ ID^ataiHl benefit of the eominiMiliy. Uh Thfi(^siuigiiiowry laws oHgbi tolie •toifled^ U fhr *s it ^fstiiilt with mb«ai)# 4^1^ atate; and no law la infliet «riie|dandrVBil^al palii» and iiefialtles t)riight to * to^ Jib| easot' or at any time'h6r. iire ^ pressi ve*. nnjast, und ineompatUile with'1lbe#ty ; wherefore no eo^^M^^lj^eto law-e^i^tlo be«i«iit^ t$. That no law to attaint pttr(le«hMhy»i»seii# of treason or felony, c^ghtto be made^-ttn^ ease» er atany time hereWerc 17. That every free ma&> £»r enyleJfili^^ilW^ to^him In liivpers^ er ptfoper^* eiiiglfllleJMiTe remedy 1^ the eonrte of the law ef the la«i^i wtt 4Migh( to have .^ostioe and rigiiit^ ^freelj^ iWMiaal sale» fully without any denia!» ind spbedMNf iviihottt 4fi^Jf aecgrding to the. law ^mimi* hi « * - »*- »i pttsoft mmmsd isedor Upvera- ftbttf 4|K llMlTe Bfefaratton of ft%ftfr. 4ir is. That tbe trial of fkots where Miiej arfser if one of the greatest seouritiet of th# lires, U- bertie»^iitl estate of the peoj^ - 4i#. Thai in ail mittlim j^roseeatbiifiy ererjr naa \Mh a i^lK tir he informed of the aeousa* tton agaHist hiiDy to haveaeopy of thelDdiot-r meat or ehar(Be in due time (if required) tepr%* gare for bis def^iieey to be attowed eovnaelt ta e eoaAroated wKh the witnesses against him^ to have prooess fbr his witnesses, to examine' ilie witnesses far and against him on oath, and to a speedj trial bjr an impartfai Jury^ without whose unaoimotts consent lie ought not to be found gmlty- ■ sa* That no man ought tn be eompelled t» giye evidence against himself in a oonrt ofootn'i- mon law» or in any other eourt,^ butf in 9uef» eases as have been usuairy practised iifrthia state^ or may iiereafcerbe directed by thc-legislalure* 21» That no» free* roan oogbt to^ be* taken or iroprivonedr or drsseiTsed othis^fi^eebold^' itber*' ties or privilegesr or outiawedt^ or exiled» or in^ ^ny manner itostroyedy or deprived of bis- life^i liberty or property^ bii4 by^ the- judgment of hji» peersy or by the law of the land^. 2^ That e»Bessive bail ought .not i& be* ve^ quired, nor eseessive fines imposedy nor ernoi or unusual^ punifih vUbout oon9entof the legtshUurea 27^ That in al( case^ and at all times the mW litai^ QUght to be- Mnder strict aubordlaatioii tOf. and eontpol of, the eivif power. ^ ,^$.. That uo soldier ought tOr be quartered m anj boMse in time of peace without thecoosenl of tlie owner» and in time of war in sueb niaii"^ ner oDl';y as? the legislature shall direct. ,29^ Thati^o persom except regular 9oldierg|^ Bu^riD^ra and niariw^ in the serviee of tbift aitate» oj? mMitiiif when in aetuaJ: serTioe». ought tn aiijr ^aysN& to be subject to^ or punisMile. Iijc, ijoartlM lii'W. ^? , ^. Thfl^t tbeindependeupy and upri^ness alt jwigee are essential to. the impartial adiiunistra<^ tioe 0^ j^ufitio^y and a great security to the rights^ i|iidi^rtie% of 4be people; wherefiirei thecbaii«. <^eHiii:ji i^d artliudi^j ougbl to hoki cofmuisaipiia during good benaviour^ and the said cbaneeUor- ail4 j^^tpss; shall b^ temoyed formisbebamury. npr| upon tbe a^ess. et ^tk geuc^ral assemblyy, proylded tbat. two tl|iirds of hH tbf members, of each houjie. ^ncuir jb^ fuelk a^di^Q^s.. That salai^iesy libera^ bat aol prg*^ tmf, ought to h^ jAatti:^^ t(» tke ahuoeUoi: aoA Hi lb '#'■■-• Xtedofaffoit of Bighis. m^ •W toll- lit, up. llltO^ red lA diergf^ ought vA the judges^ during the ooittiauanoe of 4f«ir eom* i|iii8ions9 in suoli manaer and |i|v«ttefa time no thf legislature sliaU bereaftof^direet, upon eon* i^eratt^n^ of tke^^'Cdroumttaiiees of thh atate^ No^^haiMH»Ui|r or Judge ou«^ Coltold aoj other* oiflltiie^ eivitoir oiililiifyy or reoeive ilses or per-^ fUHltot of aay kind. at. TtuU a long eoolinuance i» the flr^ exe<- outive departments of power or trust, is danger* ous to liberty^ a rotatiou therefore in those de« partinenta is one of the best seoUritie»*of per- manent A*eedoin. 8J» That no person. ou§^t to hold at the same time more than mie- office of prolUy nor ought ^ny person in publie truft ttk reeeive a»y present ft*oin any foreign prince or state, or fron thi» United S^tates, or any of theui^ without tlio-ap-^ probation of this state* ^ ' . SSf, That a» it is the doty of ef^y mail to^ worships God ia suoh manner as he thinlu most aeeeptable to him, M persons professing the- Q^istian religion are equally entitled to- pro* lection in their religious liberty ; wherefere> iia persoa ought, by- any law, ta be nbolested in hi*^ persoa or estate oi^aeeount of his rellgiotts.per*^ suaspon or profession, or for hts religious l^caetice,. uoleM under eofour of reUgioii any man shall disturb the good orders peace or safety^ <^ tbe state> or shall infringe tlie laws of mo- tajiSty,^ or injure othera in theie naturalf^ oifiir ojp religious rights f nor ought any person to b» QOiApeUed to mquent^i or maiBtaia» or ^ontri'- li^te, 4iiiless oip- epntraet* la maintahr any plaee« of worship*, or aay ministry. That it c^all iiot Im» lawful for the general assembly of the state. m%' B^laration of BighlBi HXf 911 the people of th1§ 8tate» for the support e^ any i*eligmli But the ehurohesy chapels glebesf fknd att^^tHi^r property^ novr belongIii|^ to the church of BUgfttinh ^o^^t to reroattt to^ t^ church of Eof;1and fbr'eyer/ And aH aels^ of assembly lately parsed* for oolleetiiif^ monies for building and rei>airing particular churebes^ or chapels of ease, shall continue in foree^ and be exeoutedy unless the legislati»re shall by act supersede or repeal the same ; but no county court shall assess any quantity of tobacco^ or sum of money hereafter, on (he application of any vestrymen or church-wartlens ; and every incumbent of the ohnroh of England, who hatUr remained in his parish, and perfcrrmed his duty» Shall be entitled to receive ihe provision and support established by tite act, entitled^ An act^ for the supj^ort of the clergy of the church of Kngland tn*^this province, till' the Ndvpmber oeurt of this present year, to- be- held for the- county in which bis parish shall lie, or partly He, or for such time as he hath remained in hi» pari^ and performed his duty. ' 8^f That every gift,, sale, or devise of hindiSy. to any mial^cr, public teacher, or preacher or the g<}spcl, as such, or to any religious sectv order or denomination, or to or for the support^, use or beneBt ofV or in trust fon any minlsterf poblic teaoher^ or preacher of the gospel, ar soeh,' or any religious sect, order or denomi'* nation ; and every gift or sale of goods or chat- tels, to go in suecession or to take plaee* after* the death of the seller or donor^ to or fop sueh support, use or benefit; and also every devise^ of goods or chattels to, or t(f or for the support, use or beiieftt of, any mloUter^ publio teaehiiri. J^ luppori onging^ laitt to> monies irehe9» > and bjact eouDty CO, or tion of every » hatU \ daty» 41 aad 1.0 act reh of smber ^r the- partly in hi» Ikndsy, lerof" seef^ pportf. iftlerf )I» as- nomi^- cliat- after- ' sueb iOYJSO* >port». ij 274 r Htclaraiiim of Bis^is. oaidy to he adoiHllfd ai witneitea lo all criminal eases iibt eapHtti/*,^ -^ 87. That the eiiir^f AnialK^i eughttohate all itsi'^htsy l^rivileg^l and beaefttt^ agrteaMa to its ebart^r, ami the ncH of aiiimUj>^ttek- firmitigf and regutatiag the same \ ^ etti^ect BeteN Hieless to such akerations 48 may tie made by this eonventioti) or any future legiilatOFe^ 38. That the liberty of the press ought to be inVielablj ^preserved. 89., That monopolies are odious, eeatl*ar3r td the spirit :of a free governmentr and the priit- eiples of eommercci and ought not to be tnf- iered. ' 4(K That no title of nobility or hereditary honours o^ht to be granted in this state. 41. That the subsisting resoWes of this and the ieveral" eonventions held for this 04^ony» tough t to be in force as laws, unless altered by ^Nbii» i>onvention9 or the legislatlire of this state. 4 altered, ehaoged or ahoilshed, by the ^le^slatare of this state, but in sudi manner m tins eon?eiitton shall pref eribe and direct* 48. Tliat all persons professing the Christien religion, in^o bold it linlawful to take %n oitk on any oecasion, diall be allowed tojmake their %<^emii affirmation, in the same j^nn^r that -l^idiers have heretofore been allpwwd^ioaffirQif whieh affirmation shall be of the tame a?ail as an oatb^to all intents and iiurposea wlUitever« --% . 'm^^^^^ "^••^^^ ami v. hate •ter- 16 by to be I pritt- oieiiif* Bditaty I lis and oolimy» feredby i fttate* or the by this I ought by the onet M I kris(ti(M le their lihat affirtPf laYaitwi )ver« THE CONSTITUTION ♦ ■ . . . t ., . ►.'•:. AHD FORM OF GoywtmitsT, JU it «• coi|#l4ci^ to Hand, hy ingrdfiingf in the §ecliona to wl^ch they respectively rtfer, the ahefatiouB made by Mu^essive Laws, and ihooe wMeh have arisen under the ConstHuUon oj the VnUed States. i^, Th A^T (be legislature consist of two distinct branches, a Seoatey and a House of De1e^(es» ivliioh sliall be styled The General Asseaibly of Maryland. 2, That the house of delegates shall be chosen in the following manner : E?eryft*ee w^^ite male citizen of this state, above twenty^ae years of age, and no other, having resided twelve months v^itltin this state, and six months fh the county nesU preceding the c'a^tion at which he ofiers to vote« shall have a r%jtt of sufl^ge in the eleetion of dele|;ates for such county ; aadaU free white Aiale cijtizens^ «o qtmlified, shall asseueible in the epuntlcs in which thev are respectively qualified to vote, in separate districts. And the several counties of this state, for the purpose of lioldiDg all future elections for delcgatee of the several counties, shall be divided into separate districts in the manner hereinafter directed, vi2» Saint- Mary^s county shall be divided and laid off into four separale districts; Kent oounty shall be di*- vided and laid off into three separale districts ; Csilvert eouaty shall be divi eounty shall b6 4iN^ided and laid off into five separata districts ; JJi^nlgoQiery eounty shall be dividikl ^ and la^ off iK^P live separate distriets; Allegany coott€y shall be divided and laid off into eight se*v paraie. districts ; Anne-Arundel county^ ei^lod* ing ibe city of Annapolisi skall' be divided aad^ kid. off into iive separate distriets ; allthai part * of tbe seeond eleetioo district of Aone^Arandiillf oouBiyy lying out pf the city of Annapolis^f sbi^M coastitttte and compose the secondeleetion dlit >, triet of said county 5 and the polls far the »s«-> cond eleciioQ district of Anne-Arundel coaotyj slTafl be held at ttie house of Jacob Waters, near the blacksmithV sbop, on the'main road leading ^i froii tbe city pf Annapolis to the city of Wi^sbf^. ington f and Bsltimore eouhtyy -out^ of the liiuita of tbadt;y of Baltimore, shaM be divided ^^riiAv laid'»ff iiito ietcn di8trict»| iwod ib^i99iii Joi^ zeuHp wkeB; a9s6mMedj» abiOl V V cts; Into baft; ietts loft JhM hree iciii ; id off iball riels; Buniy ^ laraHO' any partv ity^ near 7/i< Coii«tt(tfti(9ft of Maryland. 977 ImUoty four delegates for their resjpecih^ etrao-/ tietf of the most witOf sentiblv^'ilml ditereet of* the people* residents in th# eoiinty where they, are 4o he chosen eM whoM year next preoeding*' lh« electioni above twenty«one years of a^« S« 'lliat ill matters which relate to thejiid|;ef, place* time and manner* of holding eleotiolil, for delegates of the several countiesi shall here**^ ' after- he regulated by law* 4. That every free white male citizen of this state* above twenty*one years of age* and na other* having resided twelve months within this state* and six months in the eity of Ainia))oiis* next preceding the election at which he offers to vote* «hall have a right of suffrage* and shall* on the first Monday of October seventeen hun-. dred and seventy-seveii* and on the same day ia every year f«*r ever thereafter* vot^by ballot* in tlie election of the said city* and eleot by a majority of votes* two delegates to the gencfral assembly of this state. That the mayor* re- ^'order and aldermeli* of the said eity* or inf three of them* be judges of the election* ap- point the place in the said city for holding the same* and may adjourn from day to day* if ne- cessary* till the same be finished* so that the whole election shall be concluded In lour days* and sliall make return thereof* under their hands* to the chancellor of this state for the time beiog* But the intiabitants of the said eity shaU^ not be entitled to vote for delegated, for Anne- Arundel )DOttnty« That tlie city of Anniipollis shall eon^ stKute the sixth election district of Anne-AruwM county for all electioni lt^rebl*tor to he held foi^ eheriffsi electors of president and vrce-preddent^ A a ^ ■ ■ • 'dfc «^-'* ' f J#ir The ConBtUuUon of Marylani. «^d deefotft 1»r the senate of this state, and for a m^mberof eoJ^^ms, wlileh said elections shaU be lield bv the mayor, recorder and aHleroieii, of the said eitjr, or anj tlilM «r more of then, at such l^lace within the said city at thej'may ajjpoiut. That the mayor, recorder aad alder- ^itieo, ofsaidcitv, or a majority of them, au- thorised to holff elections as aforesaid, shall make return under their hands and seals, within the time prescribed by law, of the votes taken hy them at any election held in virtue of this act, to th^ presicHng judges of the other election districts of said' county. That the presiiling Judges of the said election districts,^ in making dat their returns, shall compute and receive as a part of the voles taken at any fiuch election, tl^e retufns made to Ihem by virtue of this act, b^ the saiumayor, recorder and aldermen. « 0. l^hat eVery free ^hite male citizen of this atUite, above twenty-one years of age, and no ^tter, having |*esided twelvf months within Ibis state, and SIX months in the city of Baltimore, next preceding the election at which he offers to vote, shall have a right of suffrage, and shall vote by ballot in the election, of tl^e said city. In* disiric^ and elect, by a majority of votes, two delegates to the genet*al assembly of this state, Qualified as aforesaid ; but if the said Inhabitants oftbe^City, shall so decrease, as that the num- ber 01 persons ^^ving a right of suffrage therein ihnU have beed, for the space of seven years fuccessively, less ttan one half of the number ttf voters in some one county in this state, duob i»ty thenceforward shall cease to send two dele- gates or representatives to the house of dele- gates^ until the said city shall have one half of Th$ Cansiitution of Maryland. 879 1 for ihall mclif bent 'mfty Mer- . au- •hall nthin taken 8 acty Bction Biding aiiiDg ive as )Cti0Df 1 8 act» t f this .nd DO in Ihis niore» ojffers shail |ity,iif >9 two state, itants Iherein j^ears lumber such dele- dele* lalfof the number of foteri in some one eountjr in this state. And fur the purpose of^o^l^^iiKall fuf ure ^leotions for dele^tes^ the.&ljr orBaltlmore ■hall bis laid off itito eighl lUfUictf. The niini- bek and liuias^f eleeliondistrioCs to the tity of Baltimore shall alwajs be the s^me a# the wai^s therein. 6. That all matters relating to the Jadges, time, plaee and mannert of holdins elections In the city of Baltimoret shall hereafter be regu- lated by law ; but the inhabitants of the said city shall not be entitled to vote fu^ or be elected delegates for Baltimore eounty» neither shall the inhabitants of Baltimore county, out of the limits of the ei^ of Baltimore, be eotltl^ to vote for or be elected delegates for the said city. 7. That on refusal, death, disqualification, resignation, or removal out of this ft^te, of any delegate, or on his becoming governor or mem- ber of the council, a warrant of y.eleetlon shall issue by the speaker for the eleetion of another In his place, of which ten dais notiee at^ the least, excluding the day of nmoe and the day of election, shall be eiven* ^Z 8. Tiiatnot less tSan a majority of the del^ gates, with their speaker, (to be chu^n by them by ballot,) constitute a house for the transacting any business oilier than that of adjourning* 9. Tiiat the house of delegates sliatl.j.utlgiB of tlie elections and qualiltcations of delegates. 10. That the house of delegates may originate all mone^ bills, propose bills to the senafoi or reeeive those offered by that body, and assent, diissent or propose amendments ; thkt th0y iiiquire, on the oath of witnesses, into all eom- iplaintsi^ grievances and efl&fieesjt asthegprsMMl 290 The C(m0iUulion tf Mai^yland. s o ^ . L iest i^^^ia tUte^ and may ootnmit any per- tbn foi^'ani'i^i^e to the public gaol^ there ta I'entiiiD ttu jyte^^^idi&charged by due edurse wt ]aw| the^ iQfiy expel fti\y v^mber fer a gr^al misdemeanWy but not a.seeoad ttine tW the 9ame ean^e ; tliey may examine and pass atl ac< eount9 oi* (he state^ relating^ either to the eo!- lectio;: srexpenditureof the revenue, ovappoiitC aaditers to state aqd adjust the same ; they may call for ail publie or official papers and records^ and send Tor persons whom they may judge ne-> oessat^ in the eonrse of their Inquiries eoncern- Ing affairs relating to the pubhc interest^ and may direct all office bonds, (which shall be mad# payfiUe to the state^) to be sued fdr any breach of duty* , 11. Tiiat the senate m^y be at full aad perfect liberty t6 etereise their J^jdgment in passing; laws^ and tH&t they may not be compelled by the house of deleltates, cither to reject a money bill which the emergeney of affairs may require^ 0I^ to assont to sopie other act of legislation, in their cotiselence and judgment, injurious to the^ publio welfare, tbe^iouse of delegates shall not» on any occasion, or under ady pretence^ annex to or blend i»ith a money bill, any matter, clause 4)r thiiigir BOt immediately relating to, and ne- cessary for, the imposing, assessing, levying or applyjogy the taxes, or supplies to be raised for the support of government, or the current ex- penses of ihe state ; and to prevent altercation about such bills, |t is declared, that no bill im* ' posiiig duties or customs for the mere regulation ef ^immeree, or infiioting ftnes for the reforma- tion bfuiiorals, or toenfbroe the execution of the laws, by whioh an incidental revenue may of oni of, proc soaii breii ce^s, duHiJ from of or I tloti c fibstri attenc house: thehu power and ai missio by (he and till ^all64 of the j vecesar witii Ui tftuunli «n'M, shall be 8cco»««ij « • «» supplies for ihf 8,2it^t •'•'''y'"* *«•» "•"•wy Witn • ««a«ury, rtall he decied* •»<* a eoiiteni^-.t !» their W«T k * *'"*" ^S^*^' »f. "»e«'r members, OP bva{.v'K**'^"» Wabu^ proceedings , JheL ^7 !?^ "'»**•■"«!'>»• to the* foameot, \„y S?*^, ^'''J P"«isli, by impX breach of JK-e ,*''* ''•»l' •>« guUt/R during their sity„-. '7' ^?^.»'^ *'"'«'• memf^i*^ for ohsfruotiolr (6 tr^t ^«„*"^ ''7 *"> ^assault « »» of an> ortler or Xes. r/l^ '»=««»• e*ee«: »trnctin8 any w|t^" * ' ^^ aManltlng e^. the huuse J and n,e ,?„„,Y^ " «omm»ted b* .nd}„?fc:;tJh^^",'^^^(^^^ nu8si«ner» of the l«ao effli^*'^*'> ?'"' Ae^eonj- JF the house of deK(e?f„;jJ!rfK ^ •PP"-^^ kthe .aid e«Bmilwr ^tif^ 5»9f The (^lituVmn of MatyUnd. fftnt oflcet io ImU the same antil the meeting of 4be next g^ii^WJi^sembly. . 14. That tM setfiMie be efaosen 'm the fof lowiilg inanner: Alt peFions qmiliAed as aforesaid to irote for countjf delegates,, shw dfllit, bj ballot, by a majority of voles^ two persons for their re- opeetive ouuotiesr cfualifiQd as ^foresaid to be eleeted eouuty dele||^tes» to be electors of the senate. A»(t all persons qualified as. aforesaid to Yote for <'ekgates for the city of Annapolis^ fbalU on the first JVlondUy of Sqilember 1781,. Und on the sauj^e day in every fifth year for ever Ihereafter, elect, by ballot,, b^ a majoi^ity of ^otes, oj9e persoa for the said city, qaalified a^ Itforesajd to be; eleeted a delegate for thesai4 eity ; Uie said eleption^ to be heldl in the sam^ manojeeas theeiQelioaofdelega,tes^^ for the said. ei qualified as aforesaid,, to be elected a dele- Sato for ihe said city ^ the said eloctio» to. be eld iiiithe same mnnner as the election of dele-. §ateii for the said eil^. Th^ right to elect the^ ^aid elector with, respevt to the city of Biilti«. , more,: to eotiti|iue> as long a>s the ri^t to electa 4elegateft for- the said oity. Thftt all maitters re- lating' to the judges,. timoiL plaee mid;B(iaonei^ of holding •leeiioii»Jn the eity of Qsdtiniore, and which rehte to the judges, pfaeo^ time and man- ner, -of holding electiojis for eleotOps o£ the ie-«.| imtle^ of the sevcijral (^oiiptieO| ihall hereaft#ir bo^ ' — .... tng of lowi _ Aid to ballot, rfrre- td be of the tapolisy r 1781,. ap erep >itity of [ified a^ thosaid le samQ- the sail IIcouok eW for aU per*. ballotfs the 8ai4 a dele- I. to be of dele-, lect the f B4Ui< to olect?. tors pe* naooery and» man- Iho •e-*. *m be- The ConitUution of JH^t^ylani. 2$% ' . ' ■ r}^' ■ ' -•V--. „.^ • ' regulated by law. But no meaiber of congress or person koltlibg an office 6ri!||»t M9t>^rtSx on- %!* the^United^ States^ shairM3<^i{»able of being m%elector of the fjdnate; Mnd if any eleotor of "Ihffienate idfojiiltwe hls^eat in oongress, or ac«- eepi of aa bihce of trust, or profU uiuler the vUoited States, or being^ elected to eoogress, or llppointed to an oflS^e of trust or profit under tbo llaitetl States, aot make his resignation^ of his seat in oongress, or of lus offi4fe» as the ease may be, withia thirty days after notlee of his election or appointment to office as aforesaid, his seait as elector of the senate shall bo void^ ■' Xb» That the said electors of the senate meet at the city of Annapolis, ot^such oth^ ptaeo as •hail be appointed for convening the legislature^ •nthe third Monday in September 17^1^ and oit 4he same day ia every fifth year for e«ror there* afier; and they,, oranytweoty^foii^of them,, so ]net,/shall proceed to elect, by ballot, ektier^ out 4if their oavo body,, or the people at large, fifteea senators, (nine of who^m. to. be rtoidents on the irestern, and six to be resident^ on the eastern •bore,), mea of the' most wistiom, experienceand wttto, above twenty -live years of age, residenta of the stale abovo three whole years neXI gror ceding the electioiH > 46. That th^ senators ^hall be balloted fbr at one and the same time, and. out of thegiimtleo men, residents of the western shore, who shall be proposed as senators^, the nine who shall, on^ •ticking the ballots, appear to have the greatest Ruinb(Mrs. In their favour, shall be aeeonliagly deelarod iind. riftmrned duly elected ; and out of tiie ffeatlemen, residents of the eastern shore^ / *^< tS4 Tht CfmiMion of MafvWmr ift,V fhafli. on striking the batlotsy a|>pBai* to harr the l^atMi mifintliers in their fo^Ou^; shaUh^^ aceortlin^lj^ 4)iypM^ and returned diil^ eleete^^ and if tWA or imiiNNIir the saiuie thtire shall, h^fe an: equal number' 0f'iN^iii(^ ill lUti^itbfkvouj^^^^ ivhieh tho ohoi«e »h ^11 not be deCil^Refl bd IIm first ballott theii the electors shaH'ii^iiili^Udt before they separate^ fa whi(i?i ther^ sb^kH be epm* fined to the persons who on the first-balldt shall . have had an equalHiumbek* ; and tbej who shall have the {e;reat est number in their favour on th4 second bsilloCy' shall be aecordingly declared and returned dufy eleetell ; and if the whole number siiould not thus be made up, because of an eqnal Bunkber on the seeohd ballot still being in favoiltr •f tW4> o^ more persons^ then the eleetioii ^aU be determined by lot, between those who have equal nuia^erSy whieh |»rooeediags of the eleet^ •rs shail be cicrtffl^d untli^r their hands^ aiid re^^ turned to the «hmioellor for tlie time b^iilg.. ir. That the eleeiors of sens^brs shall^ |adi^ of the qoatiliealions and eleetibnrof members of their body^ and on a ooirtested election^ shall admit to a stBat, as an elector^ sueh qoatifiedf^ person «s shall appear to Hiem to have the greats est Aumber of tegal votes ia his favour; : ^ 1^. That the eleetors^ immediately on their Ineefliigy aad beforie tlitey proeeed to the eleetion «f semitorft^ ^talbe saeh^oatht or affiribati6ii»' of support tind fidelity H^ thii stinte, as tfalscoiK^ venticm or the kt^slaiure ^lall direct^ and alsd anoatii^ or alBtmation^. tp^leet, without favour or aflS^etloOf pi^tt4Hty ^pr«fjt)diee, sueh persona i&r s^iiittors^ Ai^y ih ih4»ir jttdgtiient ind eao^ saieabo tfoK^t bei^t ^aM^ fo^ the ofllee^. 35. ' virtaey Monda by the in each fbrenc6 joint CO several! entered of botfj But if 1 ^ ■. ( TUc Constitution of' MiiTffldni. tS$ rii^ i^ rthe eoib> ihaU iiU and nber iqual vo4r ^aU have d re*- . rs oi hall lifted real^ i.^-» -' ''4 llieit »ttoa ., of ICOItJk ahd roor It •"_ * tibn^ disqttu1}lioation« or remoiiffil i»ut of tliii iti^ey of ahy seiiator» or oi|^,li^ Moo!nin^ ^- vertior, or a member of ihe^eouiioiU the senate sha^viniinedi|^ei|t ,^ereiipoii» or at tUeir next meetlilg tlier^afler) eleot by ballot, in tite same manner as the electors are above directed to ehoose senators, another person in hi^ place for the rosidue of the said' term of five years. 20. That not less than a majoi and if necessary oftener» > * '24. That each house shall appoint its owii of- ficers, and settio its own rules of proceeding. - I 25. That a person of wis Jam, experience and irirtue, shall be chosen governor on the second Monday of Oeaemoerin Ci^ch and every year^ by the joint ballot of l>oth houses, to be taken in each house respectively, deposited in a con* fbrenee i*oom, the boxes to tie examined by a joint eommittOe of hoth'liouses, and the nnmbers severally reported, that the appoiutment may be entered ; Mrhloli mode of taking the joint ballot of both houses shall be adopted in all eases, ^ut if two or more shall have an e^ual namber -( V of bftl|oti4iK Ihfii* favour, by whioh the ohoieo dhall not be detff mined on the j^rst baliQt» (boa a second ballot sball be taken, whicb sbaj^ be confined to the j^f^j^n^Y^^Ji^fii^^ik^fd Arit bfltlot •hall have had^ao equal numb|ii';^^|flb||^^b^^ lets should again be equal beiweea tWj|if'4f'^We persons, t^n the election af .tb<^ goyernoiir shfttl be determined bj lot, between those who baye ^ual numbers ft and if the person ohosen go- ▼•rnop«hall die, resigUf ren^ove out of the state^ or refuse to act, (sitting the general assembly,) the senate and bouse of delegates shall imme-> diately thereupon proceed to a nev/' choice la manner aforesaid^ iki;- • -.,«. SS. That tlie senators and delegates^ elect, by joint ballot, in^he same manner a» senators are di- rected tobe^eliosen, -five of the most sensible^ discreet and experienced men^ above tvirenty five years of age,i> residents int^the state above three years next pre^ding the eleetion^ to W the eounoil to the goyemorf whose proceedings shall be i^way^ entered on record, to any part wbei^ of any member may enter his dissent^ ,and their advice, if sorequij^d by the goyemor, or any Hiember of the counei), shall be ^iven in writ-i ing, and signed by £be membsrs giving the same res]iectively ; which proceedings of the coiln<$ii| ^«1hm1 be laid before the senatCj^ or honie of de- |^{ates^, when called ibr by Ibem, or either oi them. Tlie council niWy appoint tbffir own ^erisi trhQ shall take &uch oath, or atftrmation^ of fiip' port, aiid fidelity ta this state a» tbie oenventiei or tbe legislature shall direct^ $uid of seerecfr' snc] fiqai .51 % 4iati aftei acts of su and J bers l)arti or m i^ent ^e 01 .29. journ bouse adjou a|>poii day h and h Q'essan fore t be adj notice Jonrn n^orpr (•)lt the fifty-] |isneral uleinod( tihiflsectii The««c5i ihjt Ofigii the' Constitntian df'MofyMS. Wt [ioic« iii $t. (a) ' ^^^^'^ ^. That the^i^Htors ami delegates, imme- diately on thiltr sinitiiial meeting, and'before they I^bi^e^jl to aby businessy and efer^ person here- after elected a senator or delegate, befoi*e he acts a^ such, shall take an oath, or aflirmation^ of support and fidelity to this sthte as afore&aid | and before the election of a gofcrnor, or mem- bers of the council, shall take an oath, or af- ^*mation, « to electa without favour, affection, jpartiality or prejudice, such person as govennory or member of the council, as fhey in thei^ judg- ipent and conscience believe best qualified for theoffice.'V ^ .29. That the senate and delegates viny ad- journ themselves respectively, but>4if the two bouses ishouKI not agree' on the same time, but adjourn to different days, then shlil^ the governor a|>po]nt and notify one -of those days, or some day between, and tfre assembly shall then meet ana be held accordingly; ai^ he sball, if ne- cessary, by advice of the council, Call them be- fore the time to which -they shall in any manner be adjourned, on giving not less than ten days notice thereof ; J^ut the governor shall not ad- journ the assembly o(herwi[se than as aforesaid^ AOr prorogue or dissolve it at any time* (a) It mw inteni^ed by Ihe framers of the cojnstituUon to pre- vent any al^ration thiyein except in the manner presciibe4 by ^e fif^y-ninth section thereof, but by the constitution of the general govern Aiei^t the congress was newly organized, and ke mode oH electing representatives prescribed so as to render this section inoperative aiid no longer a part of the constimtion. Tbcsec^n is numbered and left blan|( in order to preserve the ori^nal numbers of the othiiris^ctloiis.^'^^ ^ m H'^ iik (^{ihidtffi of Marnlanik 90. Tli|l no perion, unless above twenty-il?o years of •Ifff^mmf^^ent In tliU state above ftiF«L years next |MMii%. tbe election, shall be^lU gible as gotemor* ^ . ^ '^- .31. Tbaf the governor shsiit nk coniiaw in thai office longer than three years sttoc^sfvelyy nor be oligfMe as governor until the expiration of four jears afilcr lie shall have been ont of that office. • 4 38, That upon the death, resignation, olr re« moval out of this state, of the governor, the first nai|icil of tlie council for the time being shall act as governor, (and qualify in^ the same man- ner,) until the neyt meeting of the general as- sembly, at lyhich meeting a governor shairbe ohoscn in (h^ manner heretofore appointed and din^ctc4. ^i'^l^iat the governor, by and iirith the ad- viee'andoonsentef the council, may embody the militia^ and^iviien embodied sliall aieno have the direction thit^of, and shall also have tlie di« rcction of allithe regular^land and sea forces under the laws of thif state, but he shall liot eommand in person unless advised thereto by the council^ and Chen only so long as they shall apprf>ve thereof, and may alone exercise ail other the executiTe powers, of government, where the^ concurrence of the council i^ not inquired ae- eording to the laws of this stale, and grant re* prieves or pardons for any crime, except in Such eases "where the law shall otherwise direct; and Inay also order atftl compel any Vessel to lide quarantine, if such vcfsel, or the port from wbicb she shall have come, shall on strong grounds, be siispected to be infected with the l^lague } but the governdr shall net uwi^ jany "POiP" £89 -five tely, Ation rthat > >rre- ) first shftU man- al as- allbe id and be ad« \y the vethe lie di« Forees net shall other tU6^ freienee exeroiie any pover oirif^KOgalive, by, tk^e of anylawf statute ^eiMiiin, of£o0»; land or Great-Britain. M^.That ilie iqnwer to make the great seal of this^aiatey which jhail be kept by |he ehaneeUor for the time beiagt and afilx^ lip att laivs» eommissions* grant s» and other pub- lic tiesiimonialSf as has been herel^fo^epiiMitiaed. Ip this state. / 37. Tliat no senator* delegate of the asiamb|y» or member of thQ eouncily *if he shall qualify as jneb* fihall hold.or ^xebute any office of pcofitf or receive the xirofits of any office exeircised by any other personi during the time^ fop which Up shall b^ eleeted i^ nor smill any £^vern6r ba^pa« pable of holding any other office of profit during the time for which be shall be el?ci|Ml. 4ih1 bo person holding a place of profit, or retBeivi9$ . B b \' '. p i^jr^rf tf tKier^pi^Hts theriedf, or reeeivinK tli/^ |frofit0f of anjrjilirl of the profits, arising on aiiy ageBoy for nipplji V elotbine or provisionB^for tbe army orm^rjr^ or holMm^ mr office v^er the United SUMesy or any of uiotiSS or a limits* ter or preaeb^r of (be gospel of anj dooomina* tloiif or any -person employed in tbe regular land service or marine of Ibis or tbe United States^ sball have a teat !n tbe general assembly or tbe council of tbis state. And no member of coii- g^'essy or person bolding an office of (rust or pro«> Hi under (be United States* sball be capable of baving a seat in (be general assembly/ or boYd* ing any office' of trtist or profi( under tbis 9ta(e« Afii if any member of (he general assembly^ or ^rson llolding an office or (ru9( or profl( under this sf^atjf?* idiall take bis 8ea( in congress^ or accept of Au office of (rust or profit under (be Uni(ed 6ta(e^9 oth being elec(ed '. (o congresSf or appoin(€d to ynioffice of (ru st^or profit under tbo United States, not make bis resignation of bis seat in eongreM, or of If is office, as (be case may be, vi(bin tbirty t^j^ys after tiotiee of bis election or anpointinent (o office as aforesaid, bis seatia tbe legislature of tills st^(e» or of bis office held under (bis s(ate as sib^esaid, shall be Void* ' S8» That every governor, senat^ir^ delega(e (o asieinbly, and member of the council, bevore be acts as such, shall take an ontb, or fiffirmation, thlkt be will not recoive^ directly or indirectly at any time, any patt of the profits of any office hel^ by any other person during bis aetiilg in bia effice of govemorji senatort ielegjM to assembly^ or membel*of tl|te ooupcit, or tbprofi(s, or any jf9^tittiiifi]^t9p$^^J^^ for th# or ftAev ^^'' •tand tates» )r the r coii- ible of bold'T state* ►ly, OP under es9> or icr the 8s, or lev the of his lenmy lection seaiia e held kte to fore he latioot |etly at ofilee inhhi »vihiy» any TortlM^ the ConMluthn of Maf^la^ ltO| •upply of clothing or provlaioas |br the army or t9. lliai if any teaatoTf Mecate to assembly, or nptember o( the ifiuM, ihafl ftol4or exeeute any eiOce of^roft^ or reeeive» direetly or indi« recclyy, at any tinner the proftts» oi* any part of the profits* of any ofllee exercised by any other person^ during his. acting as senator^ dele^teto assemblyy or member of the ebuneily his seatt on conviction in a court of law» by the oath* or affiroiationy of two credible witnesseit shall be voidy and he shall suffer the ponishment fbr wil- ful and corrupt peijury* or be banished this itate for ever, or disqualified for eirer f>om holding any office or place of trust or profit, as the cour| may adjudge; "^ ^ 40. That the chancellor* clerks of thi i^ouft of appeals, the clerks of the coonty e^rts, U|e registers of the land office* and the reglstei^ Of wUls* shall hoUl their coihrnissidhstloring good behaviour* removable only for misbehaviour on conviction in a eourC (flaw* \ 41. Tliat there be a twister tff wills appointed for each county* who shall be commissioned by tbe governor* on the joint recommendation of the senate and house of delegates; and that upon the death* resignation* disq^ialificatlon*^ qr re- moval out of the cojanty* by any register of wills, in the recess of the general. assembly* the go-j vernor* with the advice of the council* may ap- I point and commission a fit and proper person to such vacant office*, la hold the same until the [meeting of the general assembly. '%%. That sheriffs shall be elected in each coun- Ity* by ballot* every third year ; that is to say, Itwo pcrsous for the office of sheriff for each couQ- K 1(92 ^'f0i^ BihHiUHtt&k i^ Mi^lfiind. t>, tiU OM of >ltom baling the mk]oAty ol f oteii or if both bve tt i^fi number, eitfie/ of chedi, at the^iicrQ. tion of ihegwtai^iHa be commiiiioneJ by the goveiMor fu^t the •lidToffice ; «iid%«vinff served for thiee yev#iach j)^non ihil] be MIgibll frtf W^lonr ireiut next laicccil. }nft. Bond jrith .#c!incy to \ft |ak«^«f«^ vear if ^lial t ft!d m sheriff thall be ^aKM to act beili^lhttiiiAi U fliveh. Inc^eof death| refuial, reiigntlto^gM^iMiitaHft- cation. Or tempvil oiit of the county/ befete the ot(pir»« lion of the three yeai't, tho other pjersbn cho«eo at arare- Mid ili^I be cothdflssianed by the governor to execote the said otnce for tbb fi^iidue o( the laid three years, the aiid t>era.on gWinU bond^ with seearity, ns aforesaid } and ia case of his death, rafosal, restgnationi disqualification, or removal out of the county^befbce the expiration of the s]|id three yttr^^ tMe governor, with the advice of the ^ncil. m^y ncHsainate and commission a fit and proper perloa fi^ execute the laid ofitce for the residue of tlie said |Elr^pj[f|f8,Jthe^aid pths in the counur, or in the city of Annapolis or Balv ai(nor<^* next .preceding the election at which heoAers to. vote* «haU have a right of luffrage, and shalt vpte, by b4i]QC|t ^<^ the election of such county or city, or either of them»,Sor shariRs. No person to be eligible to the office of shcrijSr for a'cpunty, but an inhabitaat of the said county above the age of twentj^-one yeais,^ « ^43. I'hat every person who shall offi^r to vote for dele^j gatei, or for tbrQtc,)i before he he admitted to poll* takoauch oath, or affirma* tion. of support and ^fidelity to this statei a| this con«| vcncioo or the legi$latu(« shall dicccu "wrr or if yiUcfQ- iweptor rtMch lAeeed. MiiiU lafcyre* cate the die Mid aildia ition* or I of the e of the i proper tlMiaid nirity as. districts 1 matters 'holding allhCfRi ecitizeii 10 other, and six torBalv ofters to. qttt by either of ;Ke office [d cQOUty I for- dele* sheriff* |to'ypte>) .affirma« Ithls CQH" 44* That a justice of the peace ifray be eligiWe at a setiAtor. delegate, or member of tiM couacili and may eenttouc to act as a justice of the pcfKf;. 4|. (a) /^ ^ ^ nib. That all civil ol^ecrs 4Mreaf(ei to be appo'ated for Cht:livef4 cooeliaaolthb state, shall have been rcsidentt of lbi;ao«9nty itsoeciively for which they|hall be appointed six ifionthi nexl before th^r appointment, and shi^U con« linue residents of then coanty respectively during their continuance in office* 47. That the judges of thecoartof appealsf and judges of the county courts, may appoint the clerks of jheir re« spective courts ; and in case of death, lesignaSTon, dis« qualification or removal out of the state, or from their leipective shores, of either of the said clerks of the court •f appeals, in the vacation of the|aid coyrt, and incase of the refusal, death, resignation^ dis(|ualification or ren moval out of the county» 3t an^ or the saidcoupty^ cfeiksi in the vacation of the county (j^oiirt of which he is'fjlerk, the governor, with the advice oC the council,, dla^ appoint and conMoission a 6t and proper persgn to iuch vacant of« flee respectively, to hold the same until the meeting of the next court of appeals oceountjic^rt,. as the case nay bc^ 48. That the governor for the time beingr sball no* annate, and by and withr the advice and consent of the council, appoint the chancellor, anjiisticeS| naval officers, . officers- in- the regular land and sea^ servicCf officers of the militia, registers of the land office^, sur^ veyors, and all other eivtl officers of govemmeott (as« sessorS) constables^ and overs^rs of tne soad» onl)^ ex«^ cepted,) and niay j^o suspend 4)r remove any civil officer who has not a coattmission< duHng good: bdiavtoary' and (a) This sectiom which di^cUred that n(Q field officer of t|ie niiUtia should be eli^ble as a' senator^ dtlegttte or member of t)iecounci1> was abolished hjnthe ast of November 1^09, ch. €5, confirmed by 1810, ch. 7-8. It is numbered and-left blank isLordeft to preserve the ort^nal numbers of the other settitv* fl^ Tlfffit»(tofll9iUuHon tf MapjfbLmKii #i^ tnHf/tti^ Miy iiiUiti» O0ltet (m one montli, and maf aAso lotpencl orienmfe any regular officer in the bndot •ea service *» apd dtt^fotrernor inair remove or stiependan)! jnilijtia 9^e^ in puitii|iic(^ of the iudgoMoi of a cofll mrijal^ '^r^ Uv-.-T'.' -.'- =*^'''-^- 49>. That aH cirtt olBcert of il» appoimmmktiMlA^ ioveroor aad comicil, who do not hold cOfnouasianadiMrib kig gooil,behftvioiif« thult be appointed annually iq the ihsrd week of Oecemberi bittt tf f ny of them shall be re« iippointcd they . may continue toact.mthoat any new com«^ * mission or quaHftcation: aod every officer* though, not re- appbintei» shi^ continue to act nntil the person who shall be appoifit<4. a»d coomlssionedia bia stead shall be quaia Kfiad.. i(o% That t^w giiiicertioi^ every member (^ thfcpua^. ^ili aiK|e?^ery jlddge atld^ justice, before they act as silcjtl^)^^!^^ take an oath,. Qt afiSvmation^ ^thafM w.m noi^ through. favour > afiFeclion or partiality ,, Vot^^vjaw person to bflltje^. and. that he will vote for sucht^^inc^ a^in hUjqdginent aOd conscienco he be«. lieves mo^tfit and best qualified for the ofiice^ and that be has bot roadet ^or wiU make, ^any promise or eiK gagement tp.giv|his.vot«{'o]:^ioteri^t io< fav.our ol mf persoii. * 4 Sk Thia^ thel« be^ two reglateraof the land Mce^ oneiiporl ttie westet^^and one upoa the eastern 8ho^*e|k tjiat4&act'exii judgW r«sister of^ wills^ comnuasioQer of^ the loat) office^^ r^eriff^. treasurer^, uaval officer, regist^f o£ the^d office}, register of the • chancery court, and every ^clerk.of the< common lavr courts, surveyor, and auditor of pubHc accouiits^ i>e^ {Qce he. sects j^s sucli^ shall fiaj|» m oajthj^ ox affirmiitiai}^ "'ST- 1^ maf dot \%n^ ' 0^ e re« com^ >t rc- shall iquM i€t as' ►te for d that aay l&urery. tiie miaw The l!i)iit$ti(tiH^ 0/ Ofo^^ t«# that he will not) dit>ect^ oPihdirecttjr, recehht^iy Obe *r reward for doings his office of — t**^-, bat what is df sliiUbeallawedbflaw» nor wiUf dii^tly or indirec^tl^^ fccmve the profits^ or any part nf the profits^ oCany ofi^(«^held by any ^hev jpefrsoiiy aftd th^t h« does not ^ holitiKnmciofltee intrust or for the ^nefitof an^r othfirpeiTO&.': /.«.'• 5S. That if aiif governor, chancellor, judge» re* gister of willa, register of the land office, commissioner of the loan office^ register of the^chancery court, op any jlerk of the connnon law courts,, treasurer* naya^ ofHcer, sheriff, surveyor, or auditoi?^ of public accounts^, ahall receive,, directly or indirectLy, at any time» the profits, or any part of the profits^ of any office hfld bf any other person during^ his acting iii^^the office ta which he ia appointed^ his electioii, appmntn^iH an4, commission, on .coi^victioa in or any prornise, or ^my security for the pay ment or delivery* of any ra4>ney, or any othej[ thing, to obtain or procure a y^^to be governor. seV nator, delegate to congress or^^mbly^ meinbercSthe cofuncil, or judge, or to be appointed to-any of the said ^ offices^ or to any office of profits, or truest., now cre^ted^ or hereafter to be created^ in this state, |hc peraoi& giving, ^nd the persoa receiving the same, on coof ^ miction in & court ofiaw^ ahair be for ever di^!q]ifdi&e)i to heH any office of trust or profit iathis state. $5, That e^ryp^aoa appointed tc^aBy office ofpro^ tt or trust ahall, ^fbre iTe enters^ dn the executibiv thereof take the followi«ig oath* or afjgrniatioo, t^ Wit i ^e a declaration of hits belief in the Chrtatli6 Religion' < 6. That ther^ s|^)t beft ooort of ^ppeals» coi^^p^ied of persona of inttr^'ity, and sound judgfnent in tKe laWf whose judgmeht shall be fina^^nd conclusive In all caaes of appeal from pie c unty courts, court of chancery* and court of adiiiir/lty» and the same shall be composed of the chief jada^s of^ the several iudieial distiicts of the state ; whicn said court of appeals shall hold, use and exercise, all ^and s'^gular the powers, authorities and jurisdictions, heretofore h* Id, used and exercised^ by the court ot ajppt^als-of this state, and also the ai>pellate jurisdiction hei^etofore t^stii and exercised by the general tourt; and the said court of appeals hereby established* shalfsitOR the Hrestern ^nd eastern shocei fof traosacting anc^'i^tern^ioing the business of the respective shoces, at such tiiixi and'plices as the future legistatare of this state shall direct atld ap^tnt ; and any three of the satd judges ef the court of appeals shall form a querum to he» and decide in^ all ca|es «pendin^ in said court; ai^ the judge 'who has given a decision lUiany case in the county court* sfiall witMraw ffom tlie bench ttpop the deciding of the tame case before the ceart of appeals* That one person of integrity, and sound judgment in the law, be appointed chancellor, 'that this state shall be divided into six jadi*^ cial 4iistricts» in maimer aad foroi following, ^ to wit : Saini Mary's, Charles and Prince .George's countias, shall be t^e first district; Cecil, Kent,. Queefp* Anne's and Tallx>t counties, shall be the secend district ; Calvert* Annel Arundel and Montgomery counties, , shall be the third district; CaroKae, Dorchester^ Somerset and Wor. cester counties, shall be the fourth dit»trict ; Frederick* Washington and Allegany counties, shall be the ifth dia« trict; Baltimore and Harfdid eountfes, shall be the sixth Strict ; and there shall be atppotnted^ for each of the saidt judiei^i di<)trict9, three persons of integrity and seund leu. 1^ lu»»wledge> teaidcQU of the ttatt of AAa^x''^ ^^ A* N ar trtrt all uh« iUca$(es •ry.> and ;x>9edof s of the use and [ties and ised^ bf {)pellate general kblished, tioiest at ihts suttt d judges hear aad le judge Ly court* g of the e person ppointed SIX jodi* to wit : i«3, shall •sand Olvertt 1 be the id Wor, redetickt ifd) dis. the sixth f the^aldt t^aU* prQvipus to and du.riit^ their acting as judges* le- «de m th(B ctistl^itt for wliich they shall respectively be ap- pointed^ qhe of wh(im>hall be styled in the commission Qiief Judge, isndihe other two Associate Judges, of the diFUict for which the} shall be appointed ; and the chief jt^M' iogeiher mitt At cWo aisooiate j(i(}gc*» ^^•dl com* ^etti^Coiri^tj^^tifts in each respective district i and each ^j^'shairii^ldhiscommission during g9od bei;iaviour«. re* ifiotabie for misbehaviour on conviction ux a cpu^t ojTlaw, or shkll be remov^ by the governor^ upcH^ the address of the general assembly^ provided th«x two thirds pf alf the iheml^rs of each house concur in s^ch addfpss; apdf the county coiirtS) so as aforesaid estam^shed, shall have^Hold and exercise, in the acvcraj counties of |hV state, all and tvery the powers, aufhoriiiesand jurisdiptions, wjiich,lhc Srunty^ courts ofthis state now (iave, use^and ^xercise, and hich shall be hereafter prescribed hy}i% ; .and the said tcfunty courts shall respectively hold ,j^eir siKsionf i|| the several counties at such timet and places as t^e Jegti|la(ui^ «hall direct and apjpoint ; ^"4 ^le salfi^es jQsf t^ ap^df^^dges •hall not be diminished dw|ifti^«,|piQ^^nf^|pcif^g^^^ |iuance in-ofiice* -^^r Jv';> ;' J^. ?J ..^<#,,-^./'^!- '^^'^ ^^ 4Tt1^ft the style of all lawsiim thus : f'Bett^enaeted jb^ the General Astemblyef^Mary^uidi'i ThatdlL^o^c commissions and grains rue thos .* ^ The State of iiary- |ai»d,'V&c« and shall bea||^ic^lariyt shall at any^^imi hcreaft<^r be altered, unlcfs for \lKe alteration and con|«in|^> tion thereof at leasf twb thii 4^ ^f all the memlseri i»f ^^ branch of the general assembly ^hall concur* 6Q. Tliat every bill parsed bv \ht, g^^neral ass^mblyi whei^ engrossed, shall be presented by ihe speaker of th^ houLe of delegate*, in^the senat^, t6 the governor for t)^ time being, virlio abail ign the a^m^, and tWeto aflix the freat seal, in thf piei^cb of th^ rnWnbers of both hotises* Ivery law abaH be ttit^M in the bfiice of tlie cpiirf of appeals^of the western ahore^ and' in due time printed, pt>b» li. tied and certifi^dt at^c^r the great seaU to the aeveral C6ui|f;yedtt|t8y in'thei^memamittaB hath.bes^ use4in^thi«^e-^ ^^■.. ^=r^"^'^v..^T.N-;- .^^v ^^^ V':^i/ta>;:%^^:r.. •;-■ ; v;_ ■ -rr[^- -,;,:: tiSirlliaiev^ry ^ion,1)einga member of eilher of tft^ religtpos sects br s^ei siioii,itbemg^Ofher#i«e '^afifi^#1l«id duly e ccted a senaM)!^ r^i deli^^, ^ «tedlir^f ttie^natj^^ oit being other^isr^a- li^eq -and duly sf^Mfet^ or ^(^cttd' to any office of profit (€) Tjlte 8eetlQ#/Wiiit^^ the new government, di* iccced y|aifc.a« «)ee€i«(iRv|>eThe1t fbr the electors of Ihe senate oa MQii^y$he^tli^^^ofl9«^Abcrl776, and that iHcekctoiw BDectat Annapolis on Monday the 9th of Decembcf 1770, <^nd there ,Q.boQfe8enator»>; that an election be hifSjA on Wednii^ay the tilth of December 1776, {g>r delegates to serve in^general assembly, and' ilbi^8hetii& ; and prescrib^ the mainniir) '&e. of holding the £aid elections, and to, Whom, m reCurns slrauld be made, /fliattlie general assembly should meet at'iM^napeliB Ml Monday thelOth of fcbruary 1777, andibei| cboo e agovefnor and cQuijH^il ^^ ^hc rpsidne of the year ; and prescribed the V^^f , ner of filling, in the ^rst instanel^only, at! the ofliices in the disposition of the ijpverntjir with^thc advice of the council* Wh^t ^rovisidns eeising to have any operation, thesectioii is left •b)an>^ but the nundber is retained in order to ptetf^rve theoiigtn»lntttiiher»el^econstiti|tionk _ cas ani as Mr-., frf ♦». jj> 11 be )n of pro- oftYm ix the >a$es« ►uri of I ?*»*>• jcver^r/jv rot tlP^ idU be :i)V >a a- 1 The Consiilution of Mi^*yland. 299 Of trast, oil making afliripacion insteati of faking the ictre». rat oaths appointed by the ccmtitutio^ .and form of go. vrtnnienti and the sevj^ral fcis of assembly of this state noflf to force, or. ihat hereafter may be ma^ such per- •Ol^lbay bold an^ exercise any office of profit or trust to wliinh he may be appointed or elected, and may, by such alBrmatioD, qaality himself to take a seat in the legiala* ^tttre» *nd to act therein at a member of the fame in all cases whatever* or to be an elector of the acnate in at foil, and ample a manner^ to all intents anA porpooes whateveff at persons are now competent and qv^Ufied^o act who are aot conscientiously tcrapulous of tal^ii^ sueh oaths, 63, T hat the people called Quakera* those caHod Ni- colites or New Quakers, those calii^ Tun||ers, and Ihose called Menooi8ts» holding it unlawfuftotakeanoathonaof ^ Qccastoui ahati be allowed to make thei^ solemnbafiiffmi>^ < tion as witne&sesy in the manner .that Quakers have l^eeo ' heretofore allowed to affirm, which affinnatipn ih<)] hpof the same avail as anoatht ^0 9)Uoteata^nd porposes wnal* ever. That before any pf the persoot afocesaid shall bs . admitted as a witness in ^y coort of'jiisi;i^ in this 9^^ the court tliall be satisiedi, by such tBOch tait or aetlon had bee«* ojigiaally ihstitoted thercins Provided never tbefefs,th«f. 8a<;^ a|ig|ettion shall be made ti: aforesaid bfefoteordudiit the term m whjeli the itiue or lames ipty be jpiodl kisi^ toit or aetion ; And pfonded alto, that tfunl'fitffdler 10* Mdy m^J be pioi^ by bw >» tbr pitmiipt m ttrii* ,1 3 n ■»«'*, it ■.the e^i(iig0i efJOitrigfmii ■"V/* •' : I- ■:^...' ^ ' ■■' ■ '^ ' if Btif fifty jMi^^ in atiy^ affile « "' •In wlikh »nl^^l)iecpimi^ lyrai i#t^liim W9t' EkeM^in^^ courts IlilpM ^iHm^^^nzB )r tfite tifanr<^b0bn «0 tetratffiit.^ %''-:*4^' "X'^*= .1 ' , * • I'f, .* ,;.K -■%m^ if '■fi^r- .1": -'>>.:. > > ife LVi