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Albertlte *'*% Aotimony •« Apati'e .;;" .ff Arranie ao ■A»b«ato3 46 Jismuth . ...; 32 Bltuinlnoiu Shale .52.61 'Cbroinio Iron ,, . 34 -Cinnabar ; " v\ Coal , 17 •Cobalt ; 17 S^:::;::::::::;::::::-.:- ■•••• « Gold .."..,.... Oraphite ftypsuu* Iron Kaolin '. Xead ,..„ 62 21 42 40 3 62 10 Lignite ^.m Lithograpbio Stone f Magnetic Iron Sand angnneae arble eroury Miea , ^ MolyMenum , Nickel ,;,^. Petroleum «• i' Phwhatea „.: Platinum ;., Plumbago „' Precioufl Stones. .*..>• ■ Pyrites WgL\ Hooksait .Trr S»It . * Silver..^ ........,". Soapstone Zinc PROVINCIAL INDEX. •Ontario.- Apatite, 37; Arsenic, 83; Asbestos, 43; Bismuth, 82; Cobalt, 17: CopfHi^ 1»; «cld, 21 ; Qrophite. 42; Gypsum, 4»; Iron, 3; Lead, 10; Lithographic St% fll; Manganese, 34; Mercury. SJ ; Mica, 47; Molybdenum, 36 ; Nickel. 17 ;Petrol«S»S5 Phosphate. 37 ; Plumbago, 4J ; Pyrites, 18 ; Rocksalt, 58 ; Silver, 19 ; Zinc, 18. '^^"" ' QUKBBC.-Apatite, S3 : Arsenic, 33 ; Asbestos. 46 ; Bary tes, 11 ; Chromic Iron , 34 ; Coliiii,17 ; Copper, 14; <*old, 22; GraphUt. 42; Iron, 5; Lead. II : Magnetic Iron sSL U Manganese, 34 ; Mereurj .51 ; rinK/innnm an . v:..L'»i 17 . ti««-»i cnT'Sa.-i. jnuugsneise, (H ; inertjur> .31 phates, 38 ; Platinum. 31 ; Pk •u; Aion, o; nena, 11: viagneuc iron »t clybdenum, 36 ; Nickel. 17 ; Petroleum, 60 1 «o, 42; Pyrites, 38 ; Silver, 19 ; Zinc, 18, New Brdnswick.- Albertlte, 53: Antimony 33; Bifmuth,32; Bituminous Shale, 58* Oh^^V 51; Copper,13; Gold,24; 4r; Gypsum, 41: Iron, 7; Lead, 11; Afangaii Molybdenum, ST; Nickel, 18; Petroleum, 60; Phosphates, 40; Platinum, 31; bago, 46; Salt. 59; Silver, 20; Zinc, 18. British Columbu.— Antimony, 33; Bismuth. 32; Cinnabar. 32; Coal, 53; Copper. It»lta4. «».»,.., ... .. . 65; Molybdenum, 87; Nickel, 18 ; IPUitinW^i^ -*'•■ -MWMU vuiaa xa.IIV>uauu^> y «!/ ) X#| 28; Iron, 9; Ijead, 12; Lignite, Plumbago, 4'^; Salt, 59; Silver, 21. Nobth-Wkst TKKHiTOBY.-Asbestos, 46: Bitum-nous Shale, 56 ; Coal, 56 ; Copper, Vti 31; Gypsum. 41; Iron, 9.- Lead, 12; Lignite. 57: Magnetic Iron Sand, 10; ^ nese,36 ; Molybdenum, 37 ; Petroleum, 61 ; Salt, 59 ; Silver, 20 ; Zinc, 19, Princb Edward Isianp.— Copper, 63 ; Iron, 62; Manganese, 63. •i«.«kj .m„t H : Coppm, W; 10 Stonfti «; etro1eiiil,f9; ic, 18. ron S*»i. *; OS, 60; yJhoiK 8. ale, 53{ Ooal, 7;Cohp||,M; ingaiWHj|,alt n, 31; >er,l«}#»M, 'latiniBHrSI^ THE MINERAL RESOURCES ■OF THE' DOMINION OF CANADA. geological formations manv ^f tl,. ''j" '^ °''"'^''' '" '*= ™™|J The Atlantic coast™en,C "/ w/ata°"f throM Tl "'''• formation, the LaurentiaTi wl,;«v, l- ot the oldest known the earth, either as 'ro^to.""^' "^ ^'°"' *^" ^°^«^« °f all the known minerals The Pa.ifi. ^'?™P*"y^»g them, nearly hundred lhousandsqua;emiLsTno^^^^^^^^^^ °^ «^^«ral Colomdo and NevaL-tl?e ' Can,?^^^^ '^ '''' '^°''°^ between the great lakes whiL ^n .^"^ -T^'" ^^^ district -ta^f^niL^tli:^^^^^^^ the Frame regions contribute their share ™"'^'^'^'' of which also withi^LTasttVy^^^^^^^^^^ which has of eliciting Ltswhicrprovebe/on^^^^^^^^^ ""f^^ «ff«ct eventually to rank as on'e of the'finest SnVJrslS^^^^^^^^ 1 he impetus latelv aivpn +n «„^cv.„ *• ,° . '^^ ^'^ t°® ''^orld. being Lde haslu^seTth: d^oC^of tm^Xr^ ^^^^ *'^ economic minerals of vast extent and of L^-^* deposits of character-the existence of wS in r i '° ''^"^^ ^'^^ "«ef"l a " resourced of industrv Thrl«f **^%^^P^d development of new \'' a >Smfnl ^- ^'^^'''«""^^ to^^'-^Js thw end. The drawback to nS i 0^0! 1- TlT'""* '^^ general ruineral wealth "Sources of thT?." r^'^''^- /^-nge- As the mineif capaS es will t fnn" K^ w'"'"' d^^e'oped, its agricultural win ncrrse and « ." ^ °"^ « ?^' '""""^''^tures and commerce employment in^^^^ "™''"f ''^l *^""^"« PopuUtion will find ready cmpioj ment in the various branches of trade. GeollM^sL""'!^"^^^ enumerated in the classed :- ^ ^^°'^' ^' "^^''^"^ ^'^ ^^"^da may be thus Iron^hichTxtf''' ^'•^^-Under this head ar^ the following: and atir^iirr^^ol^^^^^^^^^^^ ^'^'-^^^ ^^ -^-^ "^^'-^ ohroJcTot ^f;£f''?5''T""^ ^'/am/ac^^.re..-Irou ores and arsenical vrV, K^ u""^ ''^•'^*''' molybdenite, cobaltiferous and ;rXTSe'rdt^^^^^^ ^«^---' -»-site, :£=t5£fff=s-^^^ nagatones , clays, various colours, for bricks and tiles. ^ mia.l™!?^''''';* ■■{''''■ «/'■«<'«<»'— Asbesta,, or amianthus; foTbrioS'^ '°'''"^"'°' f'""''"'8<'' ->■■ g^PMte; and clay fo^ jaapa^tjS.sf^S;?/'''^ -<*.-I.itI.og,.apWc >to„e». aga.es. Kinj IRON. Most of the localities wutl-^ f ""^.P™"'""" of the Domiaion. made are loZm^y^ZllT"'^'"' discoveries of iron have been employed here in it« n.^ !• '^ , ! °^ '^"^"^ *"<^ material quality frorateSii^hvl'.^' ^ •'' *^'" ^"*^^' exemplifies its fo«ndiy/wL reto ts a souL*^' ^"P^^^^^^^dent of the West Point Jbs. mot pres X hanXTV ?f ^^^^'^d^*" ""on resisting 20,000 CTnitedStlJ l.,rrn/efrJTe 1 ^ \ W^'^^' -ork! in the beautiful specimens of 8t?el' ^"^ ^^ ^"'" manufactured into and w'l::: i[rwr;L'd"a"^^^^^^ 'zt2 '" ^."*^"° ^^-- -- --ts and Huron, at Balewanun J B- ^- n"" '\°;''^ ?^ ^^^*^ «"l>«"or these localities ofteti:^^^^^^^^^ the ore i. descrS: ''Th^^-ltLirrn'^^^ ^W.- Z,,' is thus officially fifty feet in \li t "•* ^*"°"P °^ ^^^^ "»* less than forty or rer^gtLTi;i^trirrfr,,:A^?K»Tr^^^ ser^a^ver^favouraM, situated fo^S^; ^^ l^'S .oiid^f aSuJ^coreU:;;;'™:^"'^ ''-'r ""*--. ->' a bay of Lalce Huron " ™'^""^ ™ shipjung on the west side of KingJ;o*:n;raL*it!f.ru^^^^^^^^^ of the Otta™ Rive, i™„ is ^.t^^trStlJ^'^SS^Cth w le Iso Jcce«rtnTL "'^'f '' ^'''' S"»« through various fluctuations; To.onto It or' ^-^ 'r"?/t''« Canadian Pacific branch between 10 onto and Ottawa; the Toronto an- lent to Cleveland for sn.eUu.g. At Snowdon. Peterboro', the beds W a possible ag„-egate thickness of 50 or fiO feot. At Blairlon ci . ' ""' *'^''•' '""'* i.uportant deposits of magnetite in <^anHda, ore is now being raised there from a depth of 1 60 feet The T\Z7.T ''r''"'««";J'f ^^'^'^ of the Cobourg and Peterboro' R.K., which takes It to Rice Lake costs |1.25 por ton on. ..,n! ^7"'°"r' ^!f^'> 't« ^'^r back as 1837 a blast furnace was in 2 a on for a short time, but abandoned, and the iron produced is suu to have been of very superior quality. The Neilsoa Mine is a .on muation of the Seymour beds. ''' it is rich in iron, but on , ins 1 tliat of the Seymour bed." The Moore Mine is " very free from im- Ttiri'^. •V;"';*''"' f^•"^^^ J^"'"^^"*^- ^^"•°'^-" tL Foley Mine, iiathuKst. yields to analysis about 58 percent, of iron." The Glendo wen or Howse Mines. Bedford, "situated about two and .if half m les Canal l^T"r^"on'^''"^T^' ^■^' «^^«'^^««" f''^™ '^^^ «Weau ^t worZ y ^^ ""?'' °^ ^^"S^^^«"' °" I^=^ke Ontario, shinnri T^ ^ a company from N. Y. State to which the ore i^ So rm ?' 1^"''''" ^*'r' -^«^^°"'^ ^^'^«^' Lake Mines, feouth bherbrooke, are recently opened. Chaffey Mines. Newbur* are situated on an island in Mud Lake, the ore said co be about 200 wher« i*; r'' Tr^"'^" ,^^ ^'^^ '''"^' ^^'^ occurs on the mainland, where It is worked and known as tl. . Matthews Mine." At the Dalhousie or Cowan Mine, near the the Town of Perth, the ore is xery free from deleterious constituents, a:ad contains an average of thirfv f^;!, l!'""-., ^'' 'l'^ '"^"''"P of McNab there is a deposit thirty feet thick on the surface " of excellent quality." These are ■^ome of the principal mines opened in Eastern Ontario. Bog iron ores are of common occurrence in the Province, more -^specially in the sandy tracts which flank the Laurentian Hills. Sometimes they exist pulverized, and are then known as ochres, and better adapted for pigments than for smelting. Wrought iron can he easily made from this ore by means of the Catalan Forge, with the expenditure of very little capital, where there is a slight water power and where hardwood, such as birch, etc., is abundant. A deposit of black iron sar.d at the outlet of Lake Huron near Sarnia, attracted «ome attention a few years ago, and along the north shore of Lake Ji-ne It 18 so abundant in places that it has been collected ^tjr^erll - J^irX^^the p ore at ^W.n.ale. was some time ago erected to stSf J,; r ?""'°^' '' ^^"'^ ^'"""co Townslnp of Chadotte. „nd cl, ftl n "IIT "^^ '^« «eig»'bounng resuscitate this indust.y. ' ^^ ""«^' ^« *«" employed to j^^^^"ci;:^T:^:2i!^ tr' "^" r ^««« ^" ^'"-•gi' the Ottawa River: but th^XTJ T'''"^..*^^ "^''^'^ «i^'« of the in the County of o'^awfw^^ Capital. At tie H. or BaJw^M" '^"' ^^^^"°^« "f the of ;he Gatineau River, the quantitvT '"'"'^ *^° ""'^« ^^s** unlimited. In enlarging theTd;i\f °'' "'^^ '^^ '^''^ 'o be mtuated on elevated ^giLni and anr t"?"'^'" *° ^^'^ »"««' but from below, thus^ obvtinl S'Tu'^ "°* ^'•°'" ^^ovo underground working larse vdn« h„ t ^''^"' '^"^ «^P«n«« of ^«ft ^d dipping at e^;l;;!rgl":ble7ngir ^^'^^ '"^ ""'^ "«"^^^ ^^^ hillside'^^^rught^^tiLZi'th: :i' ''--^ •'-^-^^ ^-m the 288,000 tons ofsu'^Coreth 1st the ar.'°"^"? °' ^^^« '"" «'« has been entimated at 100 000 000 tonr Th "^^^^^^f^^Ie mineral inclination downward, sho; an increaslL II? '^''';'? ^^^^'''S ^''^^^ are explored. A careful analvsi, m!^ • ^ richness the deeper their of metallic iron. ^''' "'''^^ '"^ Boston gives 67 per cent! Hull.'^t ^tSt^'tLTbtw^^^^^^ and known workable deposit of 1.^^'^ ^T^^s to be the onlv Laurentian rocks of SLa Itfw ""' ^''"^^'^'^ ore in th^,„ of 300 acres of mineraUand^omi i m °" comprises a compact are* Analyses of the oreXw from 64 to^fif '"''''''-'^'' '' ^"^^^'^ ^ity.. -uen prepared it compa^ 7al^'abjv tirtr^fi' '! 't ""*"'' ^'^^ A number of deposits or Sflrsfo ?*.''''' ^^''^'^'^ '^'^' ' showing a thickness of several feet an?I-M^^ Property, some 4 or 5 tons have been fXn f ' ^ ^^^^^e blocks of ore weighing. mates the amount of ore workabl'l t^' ^^•°'^"°'' ^^«P-- -^ "f or a daily output of Too tons of o- t'FnT''^ f ^'^^^'^^O tons, period of a century and a ha?f and hX i°".' °^ "^^'^^'' '^'^'^S a rK,h beds are contiguous and a vai 2^^^^ no doubt .hat other e.ualiy the most valuable of its kind in Quebec '"' ^^'""'^^^^ *° ''^ St. Ooh^tf^tl^^ and Lak. J^-omf .;?''% T''"^ *^ ^^^ ^^^•^'- At Bale St. Paul, St. m,^«H.^ ^"If of St. Lawrence, occur dopo8it« of remaikablv rich Thrtn. Xr / n''"rn^"''^ the finest steel can be manufactured. i^dSpI 'on- ^imiiar deposits exist at Bersimisand Mingan and Zcoar T? ? ■'' ?' \"^'' ^" the interior lying back from IslandTM f J 7 a so stretch along the coast from Bay of Seven vessds. '"'" ^'''"'' *"^ ^^"^ ^'^^°"»-«Wy situated for loading ia trJi!n!"r.,''^ *^. ^^""^ "^^''^ °^'«^"«''' t'»«"ld marine clays w tiaceahle to the disintegration of the orystallino rocks, and effLt.?''f Ti °^ '^' "«^^'«^ ^••°'" •'^^ heavier particles. ^ZdrHn '• .r ^^' ''?^^ ^^ ^'"« "^"^'^ «^"««« remarkable S r.°M^'''" '""'^' ^' ''''^''^ --'^^"^^ -^l^^g the beach. ofcoZnZ- *'" *'''°",°^ '^'" ^'^^^"^ '^hich effect a process of cTt^M »•'", ""^ * «Tf ''^^^' «" ^h4t after the prevalence ll^T\ ^"^f «T' ^^^ ^^ "«*^-ly P^re black sand are exposed along the shore. The quality of the Moisie iron is eS-„' iT'^'- 1 ^'r T"^^^ °^ experLents made upon Tt in f^nlndX::\^ ^n"? '*'"'T'^ ^^^^^- ^ha« ^^at of Low„i.or iron and that it could be worked easily, both hot and cold. This excellence is attributed to an almost entii^ absence of sulphur and phosphorus m this ore. ' TJ.^.aH"^^ q"«nMties of bog iron ore are found in the district of Three Rivers, and of a remarkably excellent quality. At the St ^^nlZ^?""' r' ^^"' S^"^^^' ^^'Se quantities of iron are turned out from this source. These forges or foundries are smelting works on a small scale, were established by the French -^ 1737 and *re interesting as a monument to the enterprise of the early settlers of Uiat region. Nearly all the iron produced is sent to Mont>eai! where It IS manufactured into car wheels, though formerly castings were made on the spot. Wrought iron is manufactured on a s3 scale in a hearth finery, and used in the manufactui . of axes, wMch have acquired a gi^at reputation among the lumbermen, and the demana n far ahead of the production. At the conquest of Queboo! the nght of the French King to a royalty on the products devolved on His Britannic M.jesty. Other furnaces for this ore exist at Radnor and L'Islet and St. Francis, Yamaska County. New BRUNSWICK.-Iron of good quality is abundant over a large part of tlie northern £.nd north-eastern portions of ohe County has boon removedTsin Jackson^ow7n ^''f' ''^'"^ ^hnh the ore *>eU here is hematite but bo^Trin .' •''". Woodstock. Aont of the with chty Hiates. A bla t fSrnZT " '^'' T' ^'^^ interstratified years ago, but has nev r'^rin 11"''' '^^ "^-^^^^^oo^ some <>nl7 at intervals. Bog iron ore T}'"-''^'''^' ^''"^'''' lying the rocks of the c^]\Zt ^°"".^ '" alluvium over- York, as well as in various naT'n? pk t'''"'«' ^^'^^"'•y ^'^d Northumberi«nd Counties wLr^ r ^'^■^^^^ Kestigouche and ^leposits, especiallv^n n.!' . • ■'^"^"''^ indications point to larga Hail w. fZ"''i,L7::c:71 it t '' ^^»^^«^s deposits until iaiely althouJl. tj!f ^^ '^°'"'' ^^ smelt .ncse locality ar. known to a ta^n ^a f mT "°^"'">/«« '^^eas, and in one A ^ analyse of the or' ?rcm SvmbS v Po'' "' ^^,"1 ^°"^ *« ^^^ f««*- n^etul. Bog iron is raised^or h« S T \ ^'^^^''^^ 47 per cent, of ^«rm,four LlorbdrWooltk^rth^^^ T-^ ^.'^ ^'^^ ^^^^^ River, where it ;. roastrd nn t^f ' . T^ "'"'^ °^ *!>« St. .John transported to the wois by rail '^°'' '"' '^^ calcined ore then i^noth^Mn "iTry'TarrofThif P^*' ^"°^° *° ^'^^^^ ^^^ °"« ^o™ or W not i.eceived'attrtL°'c. imeSrar^itM^ '^'"'^^ P""*^' when the important fa^f ,« o, . j"'*"™^^ with its presence, especiallv all the ProvLcea" ;i /L? ^^^^ered that in Nova Scotia alone S the ore beds ar^ genSw^::" "fj' '''''' '"^^ ''^'^'^^' -"" transport. There afe on'v two 'LinP„ i ' """"" '^^^^^ °^ ^^^^ay comitant establishments for fll ^ !? '"^ operation with the con- These are the itrarat tfdnl^^^^^^ clh^fT' ^' ^^« -" Iron and Coal Minmg CoaiZv It' A. „ ^' *p ^°""*^' ^"^ *he place the ore is foand in tw^KV ^° 'T^" C!o"nty. At this the former yieldinrsV;^";!^'^^^^^ and Potter, more. At Nictauf the^are se;^!^?/- '"^^J *"^ *^« ^*^«'' «ti] pre, from 4 to 10 feefwTde eSl^ f "'* -f ' P*''*"«' beds of iron iron beds of the Cle^ekn^kr^ ? • ^ ^^^ '"'^"^ continuously. The Meadowvale are p S S" IrrnT'^"!?*^""' ^ylesf^rd and Truro, a vein 40 feefwrde has bee ^ .n/ T' ^^^^"^ ^^^^dsor and metallic iron. At Brooktid ten'^^^^^^^^^^^^ of surface indications, reporting on whrharen?- "'^''' "'" '''*'"'''^' he considered the indications of an pt?^^^'' °^. ''^'P"*^ ^*»ted ■ even at Londonden-y mines An ,^^.*^f^^« deposit greater than College, gives 60 .ZZCo, ^:^^!Z '' ""'• "^^^^^ '' ^-«'« At the Cobequid Hills, which mark the division between the 8 watershed dividir ,? the p those flow.., in.:1r^^^^ ^'^^X'^ Company of Caaada hold 55 square miles of territory, and the o^el bTth'comL^T "" ',' "^^ *° the westofthe';;ndscontrdi:i^ by tb.s Lompa. /. Tae analyses of ores taken from various points in this property give a percentage in limonite of from 48 to 56 of metallic iron, and in the specular 67 per cent. Thel ksof the • rnSoToniTRair' '' Londonderry,^ within a few mSe« of tt additTon toll, 7^' ^""^ ««^"ected with it by a branch ; and in place on the Bay of Fundy, a few miles below the works Picton hTiiZl''''''''''''''f''''' '''' '' ^"«^' -d lime't^noasfllix" bids fan to play an important part in the iron producing interests of this Province At Sutherland's Brook the Pictou Coa^ and Iron Company hold a large deposit of spathic iron; along tSe pro eSy ofir^^^ *^^T"^^^ d«P°-*« of limonite on Z 117 \-i. Halifax Company having a thickness of 21 feet and another on the Saddler area of the Pictou Company of f5 s7 M V'^^ ,^ '"'["■? "^ ^^ P^^ ^•^'^t. of metallic iroZ Ox the St. Mary Eiver large beds of limonite exist, and at Arisai^ a bed of hematite thi-ee feet thick has been found.' In Cape Brelon very little has yet beea done in the way of working the yield of iloZ led hlS'of "' ^l7' .^"' V'' ^^^^' ^« ^ largf deposit ofocl i"ous V«ln 1 i • ^^Sf'l^^t quality. At the crossing of the French Vale and Bourinot Roads, 17 miles from Sydney, is a valuabL denosit B?ulrde"S:''^ ^^"^''' ^^d--'«ChJnnel?GeorgerRt?S At Whyhogomah, on Bras D'or Lake, the Inverness Comnanv own nine deposits of a mixture of red hematite and maaneSo S G';rerHil^W H^^ ''Trf '' ^^^^^ Mms, west's " Lake, Oreen Hill, Walton and Lake Ainslie. Hematite is found at Merigonish, Gmnd Anse and Gabarus ; magnetic at Cape it Sf rnT;. fr" ^r° *^ l-^^^-^^> ^eds and veins oT iron ocTr" and at the junction of the carboniferous rocks with other strata valuable deposits generally exist. Iron sand is found at st' Marys Bay, west of Digby, in bands of irregular extent on the beach. It is also reported existing at slielburne on the Atlantic coast, and at Musquodoboit, nea? Halifax Bol iron ore IS found scattered in all parts of the Province; few of the%eds however, have been tested, but its existence s ascerta^d in quantities sufficient for mixture with other iron ore if re^^^^^^^ At Bloomfield a blast furnace for smelting it has been nmnin^ at intervals; at Nictaux a furnace formerly existed to work similar ore found in the vicinity. A superior quUty of bo. oT' i^ wie is said to hat beTn fotr^OnT'T' T^'. ^ ^^^° ' ^^^'^ Bay, is a rich b-d nf m?,^« V? .lexada Island, near Gillies thickness Th«!l • f ^'f ""'^ ^^'^^"^ ^^°'" ^^^ ^ ten feet in found cLe! .ho?''*' .'" °"''' *^^ ^^*"'^'^' ^^'^' ^« deep water is and shipment Lnn ' ' 'f' ^'' ^'^^ '^'^'^''^ ^ov mining a^nrr'a 'bt^l^reasf of^^ ^i^ej of ^ST./=; west end of VaLorvfr St/ r?^^' ^^'^^^e'-e"- on the north coal rocks of Coo'^r :nd Q^ - the varying in weight from nn^r^J^ f Charlotte Islands, the nodules fine eranular mnanofU^ ,•„ i- ^^guidiiy supply a blast furnace. A 71 per cant, of uo„, showing the o,-. to bo exoepti*ri„r ' Cier, in its vicinity' ° fto" IStrt^fl^rilS*.™' "' K'P''' .. occurring in ,a,e« near Ed^on.oiZ-and-Lg^tnst^S S^ 10 Tliese. R88rtyG(l by Mr. Hoffmi inetHllic iron, llo savH • «TI Hariri" =::5 r'^-- -''•™»ir«"« -^ '->.«:!•■ m. ToflTm.in, gavoan average of 34 por confc. of : ri.oy Hwnu to bo ricli nnd val.mblo ore, H^ttr..{«„r' • """"' '^*"' '^*^ external coating of hematite" Mr pact i. stSur . „ M • ."'•^'"'r"'!" «'""^«' '"•« ^""•^» •*»'l oot"- quant ofnigt;o"the?;?f^""^ "'r '"""'"«'••" ^^^""^"l^'-able work over th S « i ^^ J'^^W ''"°"«'' *^ •■«»^^^'' '<^ P«'o'"'> 'on ■"<'''"« tliick ; in Tudor, twelve Mm live at Limenck it is being worked; at Loughborough a 'mSe 11 Jf^n worko,! f,,,. nomt, time nn.l if 5. ^ .1 f"«"ul on both HidoH of the Lt J IW 1 S '^'^f' ^ •''" "Xi8f, Ht JSv "' ;'•<«» o-'<- A well dofinod )o,lo to 20 foot widrcarrvinr.:. . ^ "^' '•"''" «'>I>mor, Ih a vein 13 voL occ^^"'L 'i^f i':«7 '">'• HlacklU^ Near Fort Win a „ o„ Pnn !!! f ''^"" '^^ ^'' ««"t- ^^ ^"'^'' per cent, of S 1 nTl ^\''\ '"'"* "^ *''««" ^°«"''^i"« yi^'Ued 38 iead, 1 oz. Hilvor, and ^ 07. of gold to the ton of load. I'and of the Tm.rJf- » tiaceable in the GrenviUo by voiuH cf oZ o whif« "Tr. n^r""^ '' '' intersected been found in tTe'n.wi fJ tf", ' *"/. ^"'•^**^''- ^"^ '"« *>«o carried on n BulinXm '' """• ^^"'"^^'•ablo crushing was yet in huge qT, ' -tioH iL """^ '' ^^'^'■^' '^^"8^ ""^^ '""""^ At Cooke'HVne;" 8 A.. VT'T '^ "'^^ ^'^ ^« overlooked. ade at yields an asslT of 60 ,.e" cZrV'u "^ ^^«.«.°""try ; the ore here at Perc. and^at^lLrcCsfn, o'nti C^:;::.^^^^^^^^^^^ ^-"^ ever/a^r "?'!« foTntl^ " 'T' "f ^'"* ^^^^^^ "» -cks of MThere it somet mr! Si • ^''^f^rous lodes of the Atlantic coast, At Springvl S w: f rT;:!V'I! ^^^ or 8 0. to the ton of ore! <>ccuria8dissem nlTc ysfa 'a/^^^^^ «""" V?^ ^^"™b«r^«n^l. it ibunds^tf^redinclSiufrategat:^^^^^^^^^^^ -nngsuUi.oln„estone. Average specimens ;;nl,;aii.;ii;en:;;;fS 12 vein varying fJotn 3 to 1 9 Tit • .i"","' "■'™' "' " O""'- "'»> ""» which yiZlZltZWl"^^' td Z rr ■ ? TP'°. 'T ton of nvp T»„'r, J- t • i. • ' ° ^'^^ -^ ''^ of silver to the mWnggLSStl'""'""''"'^""'^ ^^ pr.otic.l™i„e,.as,„.o- SeiTOB Chikotin and' that il-^5, ^''"=""'1' .!'»'«'. "ko on the diver in ve „s ill Srilwl n ^ " i" ?™«"'°" "i«> SoW and .t?LM£ r", °=f "^-V'oCt^s rn' ^rtnSher'fl^t'n' ^'r" '? ™'"P»»'i°» with it. F™™ Bay lfe™'f "'" T»R,TO»v._On the eastern shores of Hudson » .heyear >j5Mt'oS:d'^re\!rf' hif : rL^r'rs' Richmond r„lp ™ 1 *"," ""^ '"'<'■ -Anotlior specimen, from 13 COPPER. Copjief constitutes one of treasui-es of the Dominion, and ant rank amongst its resources, tracts of country in Ontario, in Nova Scotia, Britisli Columbia, Brunswick. the most important of the mineral IS destined to occupy a very import- Its ores are distributed over vast the Eastern Townships of Quebec, in and traces of it are met with in New Cun-vdn VTi-ni^n, n -""^"'wanm.g Hay is a location of the UpDor W Sod wmflT' "'"? "'' P'^'Ponclickr cliff t^in/Z the Quebec Mining CoTpanySpende^aTrJ; *^'«' ^^ Mica Bay. a vein which thmfcrl, JI- ^^i'®"^^'* «- ^'^^S^ amount of money on their works An t Y*""?"^^ * continuance of ties native conner ,•«, «h,,i i f ^ i . *^®^® last named locali- met with. IT P nee' R ' ^"^ ^"T •""«««« °^ ^' "^e associated with a varSv afZ^ ""'"" . f^' ^'i'^''' '' "^^'^ ('.■...■. .g v,u„s. The U,.„ce Mine,. bd„„gi=„g IJ ■tt;'£t;e'.rE i I u iol vn?P^"?;' ?*««°^«''«^ i» 1846, and which have given the name erected t the sno^'hT ^ ^^'^*"'^ "^^'^'^ ^«»'« -* <>"« time wereabandol/^rn^^ the process being found too costly, they Kcho Lake, near Mce Geo,^e, the land on the east I S of c ";' S eLfft; S ;rth:?:;.ltre.X ttrikrt- Jt • o«« »/ "''"'' tave been found in the r=iSt^^iHSSlB At the first commencement of copper workincr L thJ r s^.^f75t^:^sgli.o:Sir £1SS suooes^Lc TL"-'G:r,:^7a,T;;e7"Ke* r^f"' i?;;?'' °" ToTY "«,-'-'J">a,/nun,U,r of s'srTocSns in the E,bS' Townships wliere oo,,pei- exists and has been traced. Me Acton Mh" ^^: ttrs -'of ^^,^i!^-ij: ^-^ - ^"^-0 TT.v ton 15 i one time all being woTkedT^^^^ * ''""f ^^^ ?"''^^*'>^' ^«r« «* in operation The Ooli • "?;/*^"« ^"''ks at Lennoxville were bourL, the BroIpL Go rSfne tT "f f^'^^'^ ^^'^^' ^^ ^^'■ Victoria, Reid Hifl Wa^r ^Ton Vr^;^^^'' f "t? '^^^'^''" ^^"^«' evidences of conner hnf rf '.• ?^^'' *"^ H*^™' *" gave good traced tl„-oughtTeTot^^shbsTfPnt^ -ere abandoned. Ooppfr °s- Brampton. MeibovLe (^^fvdand ShtT' "^T^ ^*"^^^^^' ^rford, rous other localities sichrw^lf^n ^^'^ "*■" ^* ^'^^ ^^ »«»««- River), Sutton and Si ^x Ix.Sr^,' "'^'f' f'" ^^^'^^^^^ (^^-«k liave shown the existSTce of con I m ""^^^ ^^ ^^"«»« Parties the fonn of su^.lZlZl' :Zt:^\Tt^^^^^^ mines have been worked for iL??- ^^e Ascot district these dian Copper and Sulph'^T Z' mL ' oJ^"''r\ ^^^'^^- Copper Co); and the Albert Mine ( ^^0 ^S ^1 /1'^-"'"^ besides these, two mines „ "„\^''''^'^^- ^^H- Nichols «fe Co.) ; auspices, the Sheffield EUuhe HlpbSMlnr'" ""''''-^ treatn'ei^.t^to sl;:!^ The Z^^^tSr^'^ r^"-.-!' an addition of power and inoT!iK ^""''^"^ *^^>^ '^9 "ire works, and in thT GToloZof^^JL 'f^'^r""''' ""''' ''' *^« ^'^^'ting the quantity of fuel reTuStvZ '^''^'T'"'''' '' '"^^e that is such that the icle; ores iusnr'"'^f''*T*"^^^'^«°^^^^ coal; and adds "it mlTbe antSJ^ TT^'"" *^" ^''^""*3^ of Canada will eventualHnd thefr wav to tl i •' ^'"'" ^*^^''" Provinces." ^ "" ^^^ *° *^'« «oal mines of the Lower in N^VuriT^re'T^^cir Tt^^' ? "^^"^ ^-"^- Province. The ore is found inTuaiS h.V^T '*''"" P^^^^ «^ the slates, the copper beina u«„h 1?^' "'''t ""^"'^ *™^«''«« ««hists and in lun.ps oi^gili'r^Tre ,rin.r';"?' '^"*«'^'"«times disseminated abunda/ce are^Sulln I^Tve Tl £1 Ootf' "'"" ^^ '' '"^^ - which, according to the Prov nc al ^ . T ^' ''"'' «P«ciraen from delphia Exhibitfon is Iw to h.l ' n '. ^''^'''"^ ^^^ *he Phila- copper; Adams Is aTch^-lorCoS^^^ '^T^^^^f 62 per cent, each of these it exists as rir!? ^ {' ''"'^ .^'"^^^ -^^«"an ; in moreland CountrDo::h:st?, \^\q:i; ^^ ^^^ " ^^ W-t- has been discovered, but the Governn eT4 xF ^^"^ carbonate says that as no regular vein exists no s^r J 7'^ ^'^r' ""'' ^^^^-78 f« Ke „i._.-. - => »<-!" exists no satisractorv i«oi,Uo i-i- . IG ' Nova Scotia.— The reports of some of the members of the early Irench expeditions to Canada and Acadia on the supposed mineral wealth of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton was one of the reasons why France struggled so strongly to retain her supremacy in British America. In this connection Lescharbot, writing in 1609, speaks of the native copper of the Bay of Fundy as being " very pure in the stone," the stone alluded to being the trap and triassic sandstone ot that district, in which copper is found in small grains and lumps. Attempts were made some years ago to mine the ore near Margarets- ville, Annapolis County, but it was too insufficiently distributed to permits sytematic mining. In Antigonish County, where large sums of money have been spent; Pictou, Cumberland, at Malagash, where grey and green ores exist, and in other counties, outcrops of vitreous sulphuret and green carbonate occur. Dr. Dawson gives a sample of these ores from Cariboo and Pictou as yieldin^^ on analysis 40 per cent, of copper. At Tatamagouche, iS Colchester County, the ores are attracting much attention. InKin^/'s County stray indications of copper are found, and at East Dalhousie vitreous and gray carbonates, with blue and green carbonates, have been tested. In Lunenburg County, a^ Blandford Cove, copper pyrites exist, and the latter is a common mineral in the gold bearing lodes of the Province At Lochaber the ore is unusually good, being pyrites with aslightadmixture of carbonate; analyses from three veins there gave 19, 29 and 31 per cent, of metallic ore. On Salmon River, the Primrose property contains a small vein of rich ore, which yielded under Dr. Haye, State Analysist, at Boston, from 37 to 39 per cent, of metallic copper. In Cape Breton numerous localities give traces of ore, notably at the White Granite Hills, Gillis Brook, Bras D'Or, Garbarus, Eagle Head, Cheticamp and Cape North. British Columbia.— Traces and veins discoloured with copper are found in many localities in rocks of very different ages in this Province. Masses of native copper have been from time to time found, derived probably from the volcanic rocks, as they have not yet been discovered in the matrix. The gold and crystalline rocks of the Coast Range, and the supposed carboniferous rocks of Vancouver Island, yield small cupriferous veins. At Copper Creek, on the north shore of Kamloops Lake, the Indians were formerly in the habit of procuring native copper, though probably in small quantity. It has been traced there by the Hudson Bay Company in the form of grains of native copper and as copper ore (bornite). At Copper Island, on Shuswap Lake, it is found in ' the 17 ^^I'lTs^^^iTm^^^^^^^ -* -^^ on the Nicola Lake, iZmeZoL^l ^'^' McDonald's Creek, on Jocalities are'aKven^n the P .T'' ""? ^ ^"""^- ^he follo;ing Innia Inlet and liowe" st'nd tfnt ^"'^'^ ^^P^''^^-- ^^tweef pyrites; Knight's Inlet entr^' tSZt^^^^^^^^ (bomite) and Sansome Narrows thJ^arr.^ ^ nowen feoiind, copper pyrites ; of native copp^™' ZTZ\Z ™7T/o' t'^r": V°"^' Dean Canal, yellow and n,„.,.io rt ®®* ""*^ abandoned ; yellow sulphu^e of cop^^^^^^ Kitemat Inlet ;ich purple^re and nali'^e coppe? W ^^^^^^ ^T^i' ^"^««' George, native copper • Fraser Rivl in -V 1 ^,^ '"'^^^ abcveFort copper; Bate's House WaTonRnS .^ ' ^'^^'^ ^"°°^^' "^^^^^ near Forks, n^tivTZZ-^MnrSu^i f^^^ve copper ; Quesuel River, and Port FrederU''S;;,ef o^ ^S^^^ pyrites and purple ok ^^ ^ ^""^ Homathco River, copped pure copper pyrite;,"rX'J"ST ex^' """P^^^*'^ ^^^ ^^«*-*' NICKEL AND COBALT. gt.in?d™eS'gr7yl'LS t'nfaLT' '" "^^'^ ^"^=°' «hows a fine cent, of nickel LTsSl ^tnS' oTSft^^'S^Tt '' ''" Island two ores of nifkpl ha^^ u^^ 7 \ cooait. Un Michipicoten bright massive 01 e TsL Lted wi^ 'f ^"d^^^ayed, one being a lustre, and in clui varW^^^^^ ^ bright metallic ore yielded, on assay fr7m 1 7 tn Sfi . ^'°"'' ^""^^- This cobalt. The otKe is a iL • I f'"^" ^^"^ "i^kel, and traces of ing about 24 pttn^ ^nd tStf ToCi 'lit' °1 T^^ ' ^^^^^- Brock ville, cobaltiferous ovritpV! 1 f ^t Elizabethtown, near same at Escott, in tit vSy! ^°""'^' '""*^^^^ "^^^^^^^ -"^ the tion,tor;;;Tt'rtltfSVf' ""1"!^^"^' ^^ ^-- A«--P- Orford TowSSp suSL^^^ nickel and cobalt, are found. In in crystals of g^ef a^ c^ c't^^^^^^^^^ -,?-/- ^nd cent, but the spar onlv 1 ner rJnflV ^ * , t °*'^ ^'^^^^^ ^0 per as nickeliferous^ySes in Brn; "''^v.''", ^" ^'^'^^^^ i*^ i« fo"«d fissures in the roT ^ith ^ grtrstl' KoTt^'^'^'^f'i"""^^^^^ Vall^rsio;:-Sin^rp^^ -,f-^-^ «^- (Otta^ 18 I Nova Scotia.— Traces of nickel and cobalt are abundant in this Province, but in small quantities. At Montagu and at Uoch- rane's Hill, (Juysborough County, cobalt occurs in mispickel, and associated with copper at Cariboo, Pictou County. Both metals have been detected at Newport, and in pyrites from Nictaux and Geyser's Hill. Nickel is also found in small quantities in the pyrites of the Londonderry iron mines. In the pyrites of the gold districts it is detected, and in samples from Musquodoboit and St. Mary's it exists up to 3 per cent. British Columbia.— Nickeliferous stmd has been obtained in gold washing on the Fraser River. ZINC. Ontario.— The only form in which this metal has been ascertained to exist in Canada is the sulphuret or zinc blende. In Ontario it occurs in some of the veins on Lake Superior, at Mara- ainse, and at Prince's Mine, where it is abundantly mixed with copper glance and native silver. At Blande Lake a shaft has been sunk 25 feet, from which specimens were exhibited at the Phila- delphia Exhibition. A vein 3 or 4 inches -vide, containing zmc, exists in the Township of David, and Thunder Bay shows bfend in promising quantities. li is also occasionally met with iu small masses of a honey yellow colour in the limestones of the Trenton group at Kingston, and in the dolomites of the Niagara formation. At Niagara Falls it sometimes appears to replace fossils, and at ether times it is found imbedded in nodules ot gypsum iu waxy yellow cleavable masses. Quebec— Zinc has been found in small quantities in veins of calcite in the County of Berthier and at St. Iren^e. It exists also at St. Amand, in Leeds, and at St. Francis, Beauce. It occurs at the Ramsay lead mine. It is to be found in the Trenton lime- stone at Montreal and Montmorency Falls. Nova Scotia.— In this Province zinc has only been found as an accessory mineral in auriferous quartz lodes. New Brunswick.— Mr. Matthew reports (Geol. Survey, 1876- 77) that in the Kingston rocks of King's County zinc exists amon':' other metals. ^ zmc. 19 t Whale Rive.vri n^vliJ^^^^^^^^^ ^'^^""''^ ''^' of the Little band in other locaUtL'1a\h ' Jl J^f "\S *'". ^^ '^^""« noticed m ooanomic quantities l^; Prof Beil in mf -^ "^ ""' he considers worth noting „, u . V ! '"Z^''. its existence abundance on that P":^^^ l^^ JS/^t ^.J^' '" '"'"^ SILVER. tions^orLX~Sror'"Z l' '°"^^-'^' '"^^"^ «^ ''- copper loca- - sometimes witht Uve ^oZ "in ^r^H ^^*'\ -PI- g'-oe and - Superior mav be said tol -mM • ^ ^'' "^'*'''''" ^'^'^^'^ °f ^^^^^ Silver IsIet/originalTy a me.Vi'" ?''"' ^" '^'•**'" *^«"ti««- 75 feet, and greatest Hp.V.? ' "l^''"'^ «^'«^*««*^ diar.eter was - situated sonie haVraJS T" ^^'^^ ^"P''""'- '^''^"t 8 feet', and a few miles e^t of iT f'" n ""^'""'^ «^ '^' "^^'t'' ^'^ore prominent name in all the sU^fr'l ^"^'' )■'' -^''^^"^^ ^^'« "'««t first discovered in 1808 ll T^ '^''^'''^' ^^^ ^^"^ ^^s ing Company L two ytrs tZ T^l- '^ '^l' ^*°'^*'-' ^i- lands on the lake, in all 10 'oOf! „ ^ ? '^'"^'T^^ °^ '^ ^"^' «^i"e»-'^l then the mine has been ladUv TT' ^ "'^ ^'""^"^"^ «'•'»• «in«« of 650 feet below tKrru • kce of 7 ,^?'' ''r'' •'* "''^"'^^^ ^^^ ^ ^epth $3,000,000 worth of «^!:rhlfV'^^ It is estimated that over present work on Silver T« ^ • ^'''' ^''^^ ^''°™ ^^^^ '^^^^- At exist at Jarvis Island P " '^"T."''"^' ^'^'■^«'- ^^l^er workings. Singleton Ce, near A-ir^" Artr^^^'/''f•^"'V^^^^"^'• ^^ !«'-" Mine, Thunder'sa^M ue ett In^H '«T'V"«' ?""^"" '^"^^ ^'^""'^^^ u found associate/wi l" ^ttei- ,i"*!^« ^'"^^^^'"''o^'^n district silver quartz vein well cUf^e a H ^\f ^"^« ^^^^ thin leaves in a vein yielded on as ayT oz to Sp'^. ^'1' "''^f '^'' ^''' ^ quartz galena has been found on Lake %! • *°^ °^ ''''^' Argentiferous 18 oz. of silver to the ton Ar.^nHr'^'^^T ^^'^^^"^ ^^'^"^ ^ to also in the Lake SunerL ^j^? 'i'^^^^O"^ g^'ena exists abundantly and other lead produdnrdfstrW f l^ ^^^^''' ^^^^'^y' ^^^^^l Frontenac, and in Ct 2^5^ f n ?^ •*'^' ^°""*^«^ ^^ Hastings, though of no extensive value "' ^* ^"^ ^'^° ^^^'^ ^^^^-^r^i thereX^eWlntli^l:!'; '^ '^''n ^'f ^°^^^'' ^''^^ ^^ ^^^^ Acton and Ascot. The lead or . ' ^f silver, such as those of orless silver, and there is'l ";,-. L ,4 t- - ^■^'''^'' -°- on t.e «t. Francis, Beauce, whi^h "i^a r:.";;:reto1S ^ 20 Jrtlu^M.f 'r", "^^f'";'^'"^'" 'fill g'ivo an am.y of fir. oz. of Hilvor 18 Hmul, IJedfonl yioU.ng 2 oz., Luns.lowno U oz., Uau.miv H g my, I o North Na tion and F{i,ck,n«l,um yi.1,1 only t mcs of «i|. wi M"> i-m of S.Ivor. S|...oi.uM.s of nilvor havo Imh., l.ro,il.t mmr ^n'n ^f'f— ^'^Jiye silver a.ul its carbonate, in voias of soft lioZv r' Leon trl f ^^"1^ "''/'"' "^ ^'""'^ 'l'^'- ^'^^o has, C3' ■ ea\,,'rnjf I" r^'*''^'""^' ^ ""'"»« engineers, and from the ior/l H . '^ l>roai.octor. The auriferous loch's of the Atlantic ton of ^e ''}Z^'T'^^'r\ ^'^''^""« « -«- of silver to ^ius sv^ten «1 f"''' "^ '^'' li>"08tones of the silver carboni- wn. ne says Tho voui.; . stated tu occur in rocks of the Laurent.anage,buttL, „..'. .a contains more silver th^x any other from the Laurentian which I have examined." ^ North-West TERRiTORY.-On tae east coast of Hudson Bav Mr. Bell reports the galena of Whale River as assaying 5 oz of silver, and that from the inlet of Richn.ond Gulf 12o"^o tCton 5 oz. of 81 Ivor Aty coiituim.'d *ilvi)r to the i»S Cliat'iau- tniocM of Hil- wiiyH iilloyod M'A'U l)IOUJ«« 'H1.U..I and MiniHtor of Mines of InLh rM,'"'' "' ''"' '^"1""'^ "'" t»'« KurekaMinecro,^onL&000"''?r= " V'" '^"^'^ «''"«' '»»« 'l««n«"l. 4 to 7 feet in htkneHH ami f '""' '''" ''''''' '^'^«'' '« ^v«^" ^""-1 has heen driven 'uotS 'o i^^J '"In **''"«'' •''^•"i'^^ ^-'^^ A o'-gentiferouH grey copper viedinl , T '" '''■««••*•""» a» worU. of Hilve? to^he' l^ .' 'ahZ ea'^' 'uS/'Tl ^''^ *" ^''^^''^^ t .e Van Bremer Mine. Th(, om « ,1 "^1 '?^^ A'ct d,Ht.,nt in called JH'l.ling to aHsav from $25 o ^i f ' /I '^'1. ' l'"'"''^" «^ «'"v«'-. ;f. U i„ readily tralru.lelbfhal , ^^ " VT '" 'V ^"" "^ the ore 88 extracted fmm *l.,. . ."""■'"""• '» the rough state. l'.-eHent rude a :^ lam • L I eeZl^ "'.'^v,""?''' ^^ ^^" '-- "^^ the ton. Cherry oLlc „ I ? f I ?^ ^"" ^'•""cisco at $420 i.er Okanagana?;drL\: ,':'t'i:VL\?''t""r*"^-' ^-^^^^^ '"onH of remnrbthly rich Hiker "^^^'^ "«*'»«''«'' ^7 f'o.n which «,,eci- Pr. Dawson, of the G^ bgica^H.revTf T ^'■""«''*' •""' ^^'''^^'^ i'"l'"r.ant mining reg r^ kZ71^^ bean in the «luioo boxcS on SLrv cJl '^''^TtiferouH galena fonnd ton. On the north Jorko^tlil'"'"^ ''' '''' '^^ "^ -^^ oz. to the 3300 worth of Hilver to the to ll Z " '""'^' " "' ''"^'•^^ >'i«^'^«d o^. 8mall pellet.1 of mtive Sv!\ ^''^'^^•°''*/« >« P'^obably about 8 the Similkar„eeu Riv r am £ on Cre r ^r' "' f'' '^'"^^^ '- amalgam has been fouiul i. t u r ,\- ^r**»^« «''^e'- or silver galena ore. occur in mJl-t o Th"« P ^ ■''"''' T^ '-g^^tif.rous latter, obtained o,i a st Z • .^ '*°^'"««- A specimen of tho from Dnnkeld viokl r: ' as^y S?;!" t? ^^T ^"^'^' '' -'«« 'l"artzin which it was foZ and if f',"^ "''"''' *" ^'"^ ^on of H very satisfactory yield ml^h't b^liti;;!^!^^^^^^^^ ''''' '''^'''' ^■ GOLD. « Ontario.-— At Princo'H Minn i i u . i">ve ,«.o„ f„„„<, „js. t r„ ; V »'ir™;;; .'™"' "' «°''' <|liautitle«, niKlatnboutaiiiil,.,,-,. „f ir ' ''"' '" wv "mail lias also !,«.„ tmced ,, t , r • 5/ m'"?" ^"' ""'" "'" P"'- H carofal assay, „'rrhi„: Ido^'w p,^ " JH"""' "^'"- "'""'' "»y. SoM yielding from li .,,10^1 V '"'"'I'"""". g«™ amounts of aw„, mVinTtiL^oo,;? bt:,-„g':s;K'r,;f s '''■"■■'^ .r the m iner.il riches of Lake s' nperior. iay 22 In the Shebandowan district gold is fouud m grains and laminae 15 to 20 miles south-west of the Lake. Traces of io:d have been found Por?a"gJ *"' ""^ ' "' ^^^ ^^^^ °^ *'^^ ^°°^'' '^'^^ ^*^ I^*t Ar.rln.'' P^^ ^"""""Ti^' °^ f ^f ^"g«» especially in the Townsliii.. of Madoc Elzevir Hungerford and Marmora, gold exists in piyinc. quantities, the richest deposits being iu crevices of th rocki fn a brown ferruginous earth. It is found also in quartz ^ id sulnhurets and associated with antimonial grey copper ore. The &old fields of Madoc, when first discovered, in 18G6, attracted considerable notice, on„l< .'r'" was ascertained that the only way in whicli the minera could be made to pay m that district was by mining and crushing The localities in Elzevir, Madoc, Marmora, Lak^T and Tudorfn which openings were made by prospectors, are reported by a member of the Cxeological Survey staff to be too numerous to mention. feV^ott ^7 ^'T^ ^Z' ^^^^ '' f°»^«-« = '^^-Pi'-« Mine m f^ ' '* "^'^'T^ ?'^ ' I^i^b^rdson Mine, ferruginous eartb taken from crevices yielded from a trace of gold to $380 per ton - small tiaces only. Froqi assays made by other experts, the Kotan- mne U2^^7t' r^'^f T-'''^''^ *^« M^doc Compatiy Mine, $12.66 to the ton. The Royal Canadian, Excelsior, B -ant- ford and others, al p^iorded about the samo results. Gold from this locality was exh l,ited at the late Philadelphia Exhibition, and the olhcia report of Ontario on that subject staL : - Twentv assavs ^ade in the Geological Survey laborator> of samples ^112- S"sri"^i ^""^ gj^en an average of 1-6.367 oz. of gold, equal to Gatif.l '^" '"^ f ^'^^^ ^^^- ^"^^^« '^ ^^« ^-'^Pl-^ were'fr2m the $39 i^to'ir'/''" ^^r ^"^ .^'''''^Se of M907 oz. of gold, equal to fot^ut ? 1 ?• ^m';'^'°^ embracing gold in this district is sup. posed to extend from Madoc to the northern shores of Lake Huron, and time only can unfold its hidden wealth. There are no alluvia of OntaWo '°'''''^"'"*^^^' "° washings, in the creeks of this section h;tho?rr''""~'''''*'-T'^^'°"' '"^ ^""^"^ mining in this Province have .h!..^ a"'''- ""'""' on principally in the Chaudiere district, in a vial diggings m the Kiver Gilbert, and in the Seigniory of De //^L ri ^ ;') ^'^"?' 'P''^^'"- «*■ ^'"«' ^•^•"'ii-J^ecl that, " while thequantUy of gold tn the Chaudiere Valley/ is such as woxdd he r^nuneraUus to skilled labour, ar^i shoul /encourage ZoullayoJ <^mtal ajricvM^-nsts, artizaris and others eagaged li the ordinari d laminje 15 3 been found , and at Rat 3wnshi[);j of i in paying rocks, in a 1 salphureta •Id fields of •able notice, the mineral d criisliing. I Tudor, in y a member :o mention, fipire Mine, inous earth 80 per ton ; )ther shafts the Kotan- ! Company ior, Brant- Gold from bition, and enty assays n the Mar- d, equal to ■e from the d, equal to ;rict is sup- ke Huron, 10 alluvial his section /inoe have listrict, in >ry of De it, " while woukl be outlay oj ordinary I taming 23 -^W?J''^'^' ""^ *^« ^^^l^gi^'^l S»'-vey, reported as follows • ' been .^^ZZlt::^: ^^^ tLS^r, -' al JS7idi;as and at the same time takfLo account h^^^^^^^ ^''"'^' "^T^^' siderable richness which hav« hir . *"« deposite, some of con- Da Loup, we may reasonablv sunnoa. «.Jl:.il l' "^'^"'O »■>* how limj^d have^een the rkZRiS,tlZ''Z7ir''''' exist in the al uvial deoosifq nf i^h^ nu "r"" ""a^^j that there may areas whose regular workina mn,T \.J i P^rnaps over extended field for explofatio;rQr4eTL tw'o^t'ts^'^L^^^ has been traced from an far west in thfl d- r*^, presence plain to as far east as - ^eJd wat^r! nf .1 ^'^ ^' ^""^^ ^^a™' bas), and it is said I be MgyJ^rrbje 'from ^e '" ""T ^''\ resemblance of the region beyond CT/^ T "^^neralogical tend to the extre.nity^o? &' EoUhlT^ J"' ^^^^ *^ ^'^■ satisfactorily demonstLed S tJ.e diSf ^ys^ afd".^^ '*,'" ^^^ as the quartz veins in the rock formaHon ^f .c T""^^^' ^^ ^«" the south side of the St. L^^ren7e^Z'.f,rf '^' '°"^'^^ °" western points just mentionir the Nouiljl' "'^^T*"'^^ ^""^ north, and the Provincial or bminlr^r ^.^"f^"^*' ""^^^"^ ^ *t« less auriferous-the whole con SZr ^ *'" '""Z^' ""'' ^°^« °r square miles, of which some Tooo'^ ^^-^'^^ ""^ ^^°"* l^'OOO by the Chaudi^re and St Francis Rivr"'^"''''^^ *^" '^«*^°^ ^'^^^d in deposits of the precious meJal''' "'' Presumably the richest aays t"^ '"'"'^ "^^^^ '' ^^« Commissioner of Gold Mines in Quebec a disZce of"4 mit'lT i^h^'^^ 'T '*• ^^"^^^« "^ '^^ ^-es, Gilbert River, iould be f^tdna^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^''' ^ °" '^^ also Tg^'r^at qlnlW^^J^blac'k tr w^^^^^^^^^ -^TJ^^^ ^« ^« ^-'^^ ^ dwts. per ton of 2,000 lbs ' *' ^''^^^^^ '^^ '""<^J^ as 22 smauVlTrunninlXudt'L^^^^^ '""i'i^ °"^ innumerable found. On the MiS"tream ^f f 'T^ '".T^''^ ^"^^ ^^« ^^^^^ tributaries of fhe Pi-e^rT *''° ^'"^"^ Co"d««- ^ofh - o. .he Rue. uu Loup, quart, has been assayed, and found 24 to contain gold. At tlie Devil's Rapids, a little above St. Francis numerous lodes, and some of them very large, are supposed also to contain gold ; they here exist on both sides of the Chaudiere, About tlie Metgermette and the Oliva fine quartz is also to be met with. Not very distant from those two rivers, quartz is found on the Du Loup, which having been assayed gave eight dwts. to the ton ; this was also taken from the surface. Between the Portace and Kempt streams, tributaries of the Du Loup, two large veins are observed; they also contain gold. A short distance from the Monument River, a beautiful vein of quartz is to be seen from which gold has been extracted by merely breaking the surface of the quartz with a hammer." '■ A writer in La Minerve recently estimated the yield in Quebec trom the date of the discovery of the precious metal on tlie -rn' nn. ' ^^ "^^ 'n^PTOxi'»ate total of 117,000 otmces, of which about 70,000 were taken from the Chaudiere and 40,000 from the Eastern lownships. There is every reason to conclude tliat, with proper facilities, the working of the gold deposits of Quebec will show an increased activity, (m a wider and more ])ermanent basis, with remunerative returns to those who invest capital. 1 ^.^'Jl'^'^^^ gold workings are being carried on near ISherbrooke, by the Hon. J. H. Pope, from which a very fair return is vielded, and the gold is of a very tine colour and quality. New Brunswick.— Gold has been reported as occurring at several ])oints in the metamorphic rocks of Albert County, but no reliable data are given. Mr. Ells, of the Geological Survey, had specimens examined, which in nearly every case i)roved to be pyrites. Many of the quartz veins, however, show traces of galena, and re- semble those of the auriferous areas of Nova Scotia, and the occur- rence of visible gold in the quartz pebbles of the carbonifevoua conglomerates of the coast lead to the inference that diligent search may yet be rewarded, although washings made at various points in that district have not as yet disclosed any traces of gold. Small quantities of gold have been found in the Tobique River, a northern tributary of the St. John. It is highly probable that the quartz veins ot the Province of Quebec extend across the central mwt of New Brunswick in the direction of the Bay of Fundy. Nova Scotia.— The gold mines of Nova Scotia are one of the chief sources of wealth of that Province. The earliest discovery of gold there made known to the public was in 1860, near Tangier Harbour. In ISGl t),e Government fo!-!r.nl!y took possession of II, 25 the district, and commenced layins off ininin« Tr.fc e i «!,, ^""'"'"^'"S 100 acres, at 50 cents an nore for tljo first ton ^r^^^f^^^^r^, t r.isXtr S;rcaip "°''"" """"T- '"'«' AUaitic^oast C Cape bea™, r„*s"::r;„t,"/;sti:s ti"::™'! ""t '^ (fro'cfrtf esrCT' *"" I'^k'Wy -»y l'»™oro correcti; s iw s Pro rock affr. „,:v^['4 L'i ^"""'SifeX ot ''rZtTn" exist 50 feet deep, .„a a llr'Se o/t i„^"e™?^ I^TanS* with efnelllf , T ''" P™""':"', and, situated as tliey are Carf.^:;:iZCe""aetSsta«^'''al",''i^ ^'^^^^^ Car/4oo IS some 6 miles south of fl.. at.,„„,.„.i_, • "V.- Ilanulton's Corners, and 3G n^Ucs-f™™ ■shrntadrsSiS? If i so U «n uxonn.t o,»t oluimotnr. Onn of th,wo, tlio cvohh loUo, at on« J^o.,.v« /.'.>.,. -TMh ai.fcii,H lio,s 7 .niloH woRh of Oarihoo, ^dl s . V'"-'r?^ .;Um,t,o,i; 11,0 Hurfaco in roporto,! to carry gold. Hcvvrul rK.|. LouI-Icm-h liavo l„.,.n i\nun\ tlii.r'. i^nst K.vor of Shoot I fa. hour. It in, l.owovor, iHolato.l. u,t ,mi„v tlistrtot Koltl occiuH in grains and Nliit(\ 'I'ho ,I,ift also .yiol.lH gold. (>^'Hrly '••>., ,,t. ,„i,,i ,^ oonHidoral.lo q.uu.tity of tho VVornor property was 8 ind.oH thiok. Tho Townnond or nr v e.u hrucos .sovoral gol.l Louring voinn ; tho WiVI Iw Z v th.8 district, attor largo snn.s woro oxpo-ulod in n.arhin, rv millM kuowu he.o, and probably anothor fincocmsful start will bo again near f^Xff;''~'l^'VV'*^^'*«*' """ '^'^""^ n,il„„ oast of Dartn.onth, luit ai«ethe Holt, Wornor, St. Patrick ami Cross veins Tho IMt has boon worko,l by sovoral parties, ono of whom n (ivo years extracted 10 000 ounc.s, with 'a handsome profit. Tl, odo vS from 4 to 20 inches. Anothor lode, known as tho e fmm tl o colonr of tho quartz, varies from 4 to 18 inches, nd o t of 292 to of .luartz crushed L08(i ounces of gold were extractod miverle>/.--T]nH district lies 3 nules oast of Windsor Junction o.u> t-;^^^^^^^ '^^"'^'"•>'- '''"^^ -^-••- '--m it :::: : of ate Tl' ^'TT *""" ^'"'"■' ''"^ ^'"^y havo.nuch .liminishod tlon u 'r '?''" '"^"' *« ''«""'"" '■'"Poverishe.l the .leepor they are worked. Operations are now chief y carrie,! on by ndi^ iit;ti.r '"'" '^'"^ ""' '^'°'"" '"^^ ''^^ '"--- -•'--' "t a OW/iam.— This district lies ;} miles east of lOnfield Station The «tc Un one lode 1 ,280 ounces wore taken out in live months. The IHHD at a 27 ln^|.oclor of MinoH H,iyH. in \m l.wt v^^uni : '< Th,, ,|i«triofc pro.ii to Ijo Olio ol titiiiNiDil ntilmcHH," .M.I nr'i'/'"""l i"'7 ^ '1!!'"' ^^•"^''^•''"^"""''•Hl.afcio,,, ncmr fcl.c north ^ii.l ol Onui.l Lako. I |,n ,•.■(,..,„« l,,,,,. at (|,.hI worn vnry uoo.!, il,,.,. .l<'ornum,.l, ,u„| ,„•. Hi„„„ i,„,,,.,vi„g. Tl.n Opl.ir Oompany I.,;, for Minmvl ynar, malizo,! I. unlsuino |Molil,«, laUiiiL' In yoar« 17 532 ;.......,. ,n,.n lil,.)|.. ,.,.H .,r,,„aH,x,. All Mh, .nininK uJ, Tfar; li « ••"<"'••„ 1 1,0 Houth HI.IO ol .,h„ aMliollMHl J OM Iho oorM, Hi.lo. alth.M.Kh .r.l.o,,l,|orHl,avol,o,,Mlo,,,.,l,tlm ,,ar,mt Io-Iom rnmain for luUiro wdlnrH |,ol..HHor I i.mI rpp..rl,H favo.irahio ooinlitloMH for tho Huoiiiiiulatioii of alluvial ;'o|.| |„.,(,. Ay«,„.A,Wv,. -Tl.i. r or Stornwni. licH fa«t of Kjiorbrooke. For ho,,,,, yoai-H v.,ry good rot..ruHw,.r«K'voti from workings horo, hut latoly tl.o ,„.noH Iwivo hem ..m.parativoly nogloctod. Mr. Gilpin roports : Wodmtriot ,n tho IVov.ncn has hottor promi«o for f,ho fiitoro, tonroVM,!,t/ *^''''''' ^"''" '^'^^ """""" "'' «"''• '■'•'^'"O^i tl. , . '^'".T >'('»^w';'; -TI'iH di«triot lirm on tho coa«t, 4 miloH oa«t of ho mouth ,,f 8t. Mary-H llivor ; 12 miloH from Hhorhrooko. Tho Jroyjnci.il Oon.panyH propmty han froquontly made goo.l yif,ld«. tju, (.alo,l,mi,v Cump»"y I'Hving min.vl on it in hIx montl.H f 200,000 wu.-thofgohl. Tho llattiolodohaHalHoyioldedwoll /«»,y,,«r.---ThiH JioH on tho Atlantic coast, 60 mihm oaHt of car r'nn \' ""''';'■" ^"f' "^ "•''•'^^^"•'•'■y "ill. wo,k haH boon y thlod a.r .oturnH ,u.d h.tvo only l.oon worko.l k, a n.odorato '.'pth (>onHulo,al.loalluv,algold was foun.l at ono phu,o in thi« ''mI'vIo,|, ,uu|, ^vIM to I i»i iniiH'H ill Nuvn H.'nMn I14? Ill •IK tindionlioH. «ii,>li MM Piol' lljn.l ■ •»»«».)( (Ii.il, a Imiko _vi,.M ..oul.l I if^m ov.'r,>.nvnillv. I( Iihh I "'(Ml HHHr.|(,.,| I lint, 20 I'lopot- it|i|iljniiii| l.v Wil||< Kol. ori^inMl|y,,,v«,M,(i,, ll,Hu.|,..iM „|,,„vo,l |Wll'('ll(.(l| tJio "''l«totl.on,nnvHM„nok or puu.l, |,i •>)tM g,)ia (B Hu „|1 • ■' ">1, Mil to pttRH UiiniiKli ll »iU|)iiH(ioH. >y ill whioli f,i|v,.i- I I'liiNliil.-H llmi Nov lr» "lltlH (lie rliicl' ,,r I! Tal i*|t>,i);.'voi-vM,ii,^|„r„ ,.,»uHi,|,.,„ii„n. (I goM I'^n Z;:^:^■;t'";;.»'^^■- '"'"■••'''> ''.-<,»< It' Wll||t>c lI'Hf ll.lVl^lllilo WlllPI'fl, Hinl ,.||HV nititdliuM ,u;mi< iin|.ii|'(iiii,o 1111,1 v.ih ion of otipitiil, ..Miinnl, (iii| (,, | II'. IIIkI, will) (||'„ >vpoH« imMisInxl Aoin 'i.^mi (oiiM u( "' •••'iiMiiH-iiitivi.. Tim ImI.'hI, 1 . "'I' I Mil 1 c. I MP (II imv Mio y.oU lor iNH.'Ko |,„vnhnr.n lr..|((t cnishiiiK 'iiilln in o|i('iiui 'innrlz oi-imIkmI ; 2M ttz. on. iiiini'H w.ii'kn.l, (uid .'M mmmmm a« SL :!" '"'"'■" '"'' '*'"' ''' «"''' ^''-- •" <•- ivovin...:\;: J^unJ^ niaik, .uui tlmnco oxtoiuling into ,1.., civor to ii. l.nL; J;.',':.';. For " dry ,liggi„gH," 100 foe*, h,,u(Uu an hint, " l»"""li .-IrtimH," Kill (•,,.( M,,„„,,. W v,.|„, will, |,,,».,' (. r, II m „ if • ""■"»'""'' "'""« "'" l'«l» ""• ':'!" ii..« ..!• .n,.i, i,..,„i,i, Jim,,:;;;"""' "''"' '■■"*"■■" ''» lllH (•lltKlillotIN of i/„|,| ,„|,,I,,,, I,. , oo...n,u„i...,lioMN a.Ml tiM uoX \.... T^ l'"l"-ov„m,.,.», of timt ill Hnvniii iiiimii liml ./,.l,l «. i i n ** "«"'!. i»(ir, jf, |n f,,.,,^, '•••«<.ll. i« ...rivn,! i fVuiM X irZ/'r ''/''■'■'''''''•''• ''''"'"^'"ve Hvp,. <,|,;uMM,|« I.Hvo line 1 iZ. inS . '";•"« ';l'f""f;"'M« oM >,„,i.«.,>,, ,|i,t,,),t i, ,,,,„ ,„t,,,t,^,„, ,,,,^^, ,, -. tho annn...,,,. ,.„,t of f„,u«|, (.ol.n,.,,!,, ar^r^ltlioiSr 30oS 30 distant from Oniineca it has attracted from that quarter many miners. Dease and McDame Creeks are the two best yielding parts of Cassiar. The mines here are worked at great disadvantage, and m almost an Arctic climate ; they are reached after a sea voyage to Victoria by the River Soickene, and supplies of all sorts are at famine prices, yet the highly auriferous character of this district renders it attractive. Th3 Fraser River district was the first region to attract the gold miner to British Columbia, and yielded krgely in the early days of the gold fever. Official reports say that no deposit of any great extent as rich as those at first worked on the Fraser is again likely to be found, as its valley is quite narrow, and the bars have been well prospected. Chinamen and Indians slill obtain considerable (rold from the river when the water is low. The first gold known to have been found in this Province was from the Thompson River near Nicoamen, in 1857, and this locality has continued to yield gold at low water ever since. It is in large particles in crevices among and beneath stones. On the Nicola River, near its conflu- ence with the Thompson, scale gold is found. Tranquille River, flowing into Kamloops Lake, has aflbrded occupation ever since 1862* but is now mostly worked by Chinese. The placers on this stream' at one time yielded largely. Louis Creek, Vermillion Forks, on the Similkameen, and Twenty Mile Creek, yield fair results. Rock Creek, Mission Creek, and Cherry Creek, especially the letter, are remunerative, the latter yielding above $10 a day per man. In 1877 a nugget worth $130, one worth $90, and another worth $40 were obtained in this claim. ' Prof. Dawson gives in his report the names of 110 localities where gold is found in British Columbia. The alluvial deposits have so far absorbed the mining energy of the country, but in view of the diminished yield of the best known placers, and of the inevit- able exhaustion within a moderate term of years of deposits of this kind, attention cannot too soon or too carefully he turned to the more permanent quartz raining. Vein mining, if established, would give a more permanent character to raining, and would indirectly tend to cheapen labour by afibrding steady employment. In Vancouver Island, the Leech River "district, 20 miles from Victoria, attracted much notice at one time, and yielded considerable gold. Small qi^antities have been found also at bocke River, Gold Stream Brook, Jordan River, Nanaimo River in streams falling into Barclay Sound, and near Comox. Owinc^ to the dense forests of the interior comparatively little is known of that s(!ction. Gold bearing quartz has been found in Queen Charlott.fi islands at Mifr^h^li'^ ti.,j.Ii/-"-- ' --^ --.--t,.i • • c-uo, a,v ^?iiiv^iicit b ia.a,rOOut, uuL \ Gl-y lllUG IS KnOWU respecting it. q G! g< m of Li Ge mi on cui 81 Dr HaStlln :^'^««"°f -truces of this metal were found by the Methv Portaoe «„H i ,k.u t , ^ ' somewhere between from the longitude of Edmonton to the Forks. ^^^^atchewau PLATINUM. Ontario.-No traces of this metal have as yet been found. goIdf„°ttoPr^-.'"^ to be associated in slight quantities with «t, line scales ot platinum are found, mixed with gold. MERCURY, OR CINNABAR. C'.o.W(^W^;r M8? tLf ;h ^^?-^«^-"«. and quoted in mines of r»ll 2 ■ ^' ^.^^ *^^ "^^^^^ copper from one of the r;rfitt000ELT'"' '"*^ ' Aon of silver,!*: 33 staff, on the HomathcTRivPr an "^ «*''"'^»"' ^^ ^ho C.P.R. survey of cinnalnu ,aul nat ve mlr^m v f '' ?°'' ^T'''''''^ °^ ^^''^^ "«»» ore the west side of the Fms^R li^. Mfn/r'^^'I'^^'^l" ^'^'^^°"' ^'^ found in son.o deconiPetZis of tl I if "' -T °^ '"'^'•^"'"^ «'•« Dawson says that he learned t rV nn ll, \r ^^'', ''^^^' °''««- ^'"°^- which a specimen of ci\^^ni,rl w !^°T''*.^'''' *^'^ ^^^^^ ^O"^ traceable fo'r nea dy a nleTn LX hT"'' 1 "'" ^^^^'^^^^ ^"^^ mercury occurs in denosyts 1^ lu!' m '"^''. ^^o^^^'^*-- " whether which are found niSsofsm r^""''^ '^'"'^ °^ California, British Columbia, \:rnt„s to r'^rX:^^ """ °' ^'°" °""''""« ^"^ BISMUTH. Ontario. —Bismuth is mentioned bv Dr Sf^r..,r w . curring m the Townsliin nf T,,^-,.. • ^i V, ^terry Hunt as oc- down. C^y tS CciLl „f^^^^ ° ?""'"" """"'"'. deeper -eight, are'^et wUh 7^^ valul'Solt'S,.:!? "Si" this metal J !-« "s the only known locality in Ontario of were shipped from Gabarus. * '*"' *""'"'' of ooifp^r in''trKi„t";;!r '"'■"'•''","' °r'^' '" "- C«">«™ loJe ai;oWr^t.!rh&-lifaS^^^^ bian,>^.h;3oS''intWn~i°nf o?™""";'","--^''?'' °' -'"''«« "^ north-ea^t side of Uttle Sh:;:w.plr ' ""' "^'^ '"""'' °" ""^ IK m IS 33 also states rwot with in vod in like ited States. •t 1870-77, lear Boston Mi. survey ■ry rich ore Clinton, on lercury are res. Prof, lode, from lefined and " whether California, ::'curring in mt as oc- gs. It is near the 'h, deeper •unces in MiiinateJ. )ut want (4 of the 'ntario of d in the V barrels ron lode Ided on id, Cape )hide of on the ANTIMONY. New Brunswick. — Tn tlio PA.ri»h r^e n • «ri,. R«nw«y ,|„.rtz vein, l,„l,li„« „,ftil ;r ab „Ja t ut * T George lurKB work in WM »tfiwf 'Pi J /*'" »*""riua.. an-l near Lake repcn-t of the Surveyor Oeueral of ^i^i Bru .wick V'7; ^^' marking on those n.ines, says: '' Taking hrcousia \\" nunil)er. size and extent of the voius of a, Ln? • lu "" -"'^ show a yield from tho F ,l1.„ /L ^m? *^ T." ^^le same report Slu.wrrLTke^'"""'""- -""""""» '"- "«" f-".r,sc.ntin« tl.o appoamnce of a H.--'-rH.o of k oils , J T"'''"'^ immv.vom strings of th. oro, (loscrih(«l iT P , f H ''' "'" JTiovuKL 18 that known as wad or boL' nianiran..«,. l^ • SofTfew >.!:u 7' '""."K"?™" <"■«'» in ,,„t„h« oovWi^'m . ; L '"" ^"'™ ■"«' varying from 2 inch™ fn •> f.,... i„ .i ■ . " 11 Ill so Alport ( -ouutios tho ,.nMii : 1 s^t:r 't'^' ""•' ■" '^'■•^ <- MHrkl,a„.villo. Tho lattnr in ho fir IT ''"'.""'^ Mouutai,, and ;-H .an long boon w.^rk.l/J;,;":/^;;"'^^ ''!" "'^"^ ""i-tHM* CHrtago iH a heavy outhiv but f ? • i ^ '-onnfH^tion (II n,||„„f Noar Capo Knraio i , tj. " ' , '« ^*"' ''«»<• to (ior„,„ntown ^-- -o good HuffHCo tii, tio^ '^rr '"' '•^'•''"" ^'^«"" "?n Henry'H Lake, who,, it ,« also rZd. *'"" '""""•^ •^I'I'''«« to wi.or^::i,^r :;:~s:£r':^.:;:^ ^'-Khont thin p..ovince -' an. , Pictou, ColchoHt,..-, ntH ,' ; kT;'""' ^T^'^^^y "' ^'""'- ^vore curnod on at T(,ny Oano Walton «nii^ «xtonH.vo oi,orationH only continued at tho Lt LnZ^ i \ ^"' P"f»»^roke, b„t are now oroH aro vory high claHrvi dTng Sm 90 ^'^^ ^'^« "'^"^^ ^'^^Z he mn '' r"'' 't« '^'"-«t tr£ Cn trac'ero'ft; "^"^ "''"'^^'^'' '' the flint glasH maker, asclasH m^utl T "^°"' '*»'« ^f^lned bv !;« prenenco of iron.' It a ho Id for" rt"^"""'''^ *'"»« ^^om t les, etc., in calico printing a wM "f*" ^^^^^'^^ ^«'- Pottf.rv tions. In Onslow. Lie estr I L"''^^ ^'''-f ^"^''^tHal ipS' proHent in workable o.nnHf ,"^^' ""^ """«« from Truro c; Middle Rivera 'Wr''' ^'"^ ''^ ^'*''^"" County on ZV ^ which «ivo;p;omfX IS^n^ if oT ''f.lr* ^" ^-tn^^SL^;' ten , and the absence of Si^ J 1"'. ^^^ '^'"^'"^ ">"«« in ox of the ore, but to want of «n w^^i-T^- "^ *'"*^.«^' ««t to a deficient "" '■■'"' """ ''i'^'^^' Bog manganese '- I 36 statedby the Inspector of Mines, who ad's, in his report of 1880, «te.]fnri' ^''^fPr''°^*^^^^^-°^i"''« '^^^d and Lrefdly pre- Bav %'IT^U^'''. Territory Along the east coast of Hudson S'rf„n!' '.*^'' *^^' "^^"^^ "'^'^^'^ °f Nastapoka Islands con- tain manganese A specimen from Flint's Island assayed 24 per cent, of carbonate of manganese, and he thinks the black oxide mav of Zr ^ '"t"^- '"' *^"^^ ^^ ^ «^'1"«"«^- The high percen^ag^ them v!n? "'" *^' ''*?" "'""' ^^ "" '^^^ ^^i«*"«<^ ^i"' t« «avs, render mav J^rJ' ' r^.^^'^g *« their abundance and accessibility they Sr Th^^- f ' fT'^ ^''*^ ^"^^y^"S *« Europe or the United shate;.edKvV ?..? ^'"'^ '^f^''''^^ ^^ timber and the rocks much han,Hhl« y ?! *^^ ""?' '^^^y ^^«^""' "'^y ^« gathered up in inex- he oret?rM '' ''''^■^' '^^ ^^^"""^^ ^^^^^'^ g««d shelter for vessels, the ore might be conveniently loaded in many places. MOLYBDENUM. This comparatively rare metal is used for dyeing purposes and wokT"S°"' 'r> ^»^"g\--^-g here, it has°n^ot Vet been worked. Ihe native sulphate is worth abo^t ^3.50 per lb. vpin ?,''t '''''•" ~n ^'^^ l^een observed in small quantities in a quartz BaLm .T^'^^V^^^^' «".-Lake Superior, at Mud Lake, and n^ar Balsam Lake Traces of it have been found in numerous mining localities on Lake Superior, but as yet in no quantity. QUEBEC-The Manager of the Mining Company at Harvey Hill, Leeds, reports snlphuret of molybdenum existing there in veins ot quartz and spar intersecting the copper bearing slates. It forms small masses, rounded in their outline. It is in that locality granu- lar, soft and assumes a polish when rubbed with the nail. On the north shore of the Gulf of 8t. Lawrence is so far as known the only av-ailable quantity of this mineral is to be iound at Quetachoo Manicougan Bay. where it occurs in a bed of Quartz disseminated in nodu es I to 3 inches in diameter, and in flakes sometimes 1 foot broad by a quarter of an inch thick. It presents a leaden grey colour is soft, unctuous to the touch, and is apt to be mistaken for plumbago! It can be distinguished from the latter by its greater weight and by a peculiar greenish hue in the metallic streak it leaves c- white paper. 37 Of molybdenite found in the neighbourhood of Great Whale mver! British Columbia.— Prof. Dawson, in his renort 1R77 7« Stson "^'^'' P''' °^ *^" Corvitehen River by Mr. W. APATITE, OR PHOSPHATE OF LIME. at other t.mea so abundant as to make up a gritCnoSo^Jf ^2 uCsof ?h. tS/r''!.*'' ""''^'^S d^""""! for pbiLphatirfer! u;^gt:i,rattsr.''''''" '^''""^ ■■' ^'-^ '-" ■">" ■nor, o^JTo^GeoTog^'ZCs'tTfft^s'rrca'u r//"*^' ''^- 7»- workable dflnn«,>= «f Jv w ' ?"/^' 1' called attention to large aTed on and^nff f P^^ates existing there that had been quar- " The No, ^t f """Su ^T"*^ y^"™' ^^^^^^ ^^ denominated i ^^«gh the Townfc ^S Burg^^, tu^h iSrand B^J ford, and was found to have a thickness of from 2 600 to 3 000 S5 Wf ^^^^^^^^ S S that ^iS*" ™'°°' Vk7 r'"'- "^ -"-O" in ^aJto occurtwarfs £ outer side Th!, T'^ f '*'"1''""'' »»«" « occur in the To™hrofN„r,bR ''' -"oposits of this mineral phosphate miiea "r.:!:lS^..?"i^f.. 'l'™ « lavge number of ■Of thes^ ,45 in .umbJr-a-„^escriwrML"CS i^^r'tlS II 38 the former Vhe H^ttYZhZt^'^iZ'T'^^^''' «""• I" north-eBsterlr direction f™m A,. bi t il "' ''""'^ riinn mg in a Templeton, /hroi^the tThtsSrctl er of^Ct^ '"h^ "»"- "^ the Aux Lievrea River thronol, fh« o T . ^"ckznghara, across into the centre of Berry TZtht ^^^f^f ^«°™er of Portland, and yields a very fine quU7oTapatifce All .h' ^'-'^ P^duclive, portanceare on this belt P.vJp S , t^ , ^'^^ mines of any im- of the British Issn iatioa viS^d Te^T-'^T "^^' ^^ ^ '^-b-' 'i paper read by him Srlthe M^n f "f ^"f^^'^ ""«««- stated iu 4th Dec., 1884, that tts ph^h^'e If "v^r^ ^°^^^^^' ^-^ niiuoral, and in his opinion ionTofL .'^ '''*'' ^"^ ^^^"^^'^^^ mo^.,•c.. of Canada. ^ I Portland thl *'^/'«'-^««^ o/^/^e m.-«.,.«; which yield abundantly. Tl e apattte i'T "T'''".' ?^°^°S«' ^'^ «^ crystalline appearance but he T,'/ • ^'^"*^'^"^ ^^"^^^ t.i-een depended on one ya^beytd whafcT. f .' 'n '"''•^"''^- "^^ «^""«^ ^e ?r 6 inches thickLe oLeCdTn the dS" ^ T"/ ^"^"^^^ ^^ ^"^ 2, 3 into masses measurinc. sevemi fee/^ Tk'\^^^ few yards to expand stripping as suddenly dTsappear In R^t"''!' ''^'^' ''' ^"^'^^er addition to larae bed likprTi?. , ^'ickmgham Township, in the form of crysti^^ rust, due to The presence T ""' '""''? discoloured with featuxe at one tfme TZl feared'' wo. l7f "' ^^"^ ^^**«- value, but specimens of a m. V ^^''^^^ *^^ "'^^'ket examined and analyzed by ProLsl ZC"""'"'"^ appearance exceedingly high pez^tage^ None of ^LT"" •/'''"'"'^ ^'^ or well defined, and areo1.lv difcoveVd W A? %'"' 7?"^^^ In Ranges 9 and 10 l^nr^vin .1 !, ^ haphazard workings, by the "name of « BumT Mo n^" "''". '' ^ '^''''''^^> k"«^" gneiss, in which apatifeWelf eS"' So H 'fp" ^"^' ^°^«"''«d able deposits havl been found n h^ f ?^ ^^"^^ ^^ "° ^'o^k- with. Frcn lot 25 in mnr In^^ T^'^^. ^^^'«*^^^« *»'« met exposures in lots I 2 and 3 in r'^'" So ''T''^ '" ^''^^^^^^^ «»'"f«ee belt takes a south;rlv If^e towS the O.J"" t'^"' ^^^^^^ ^'^« -th-western portion o/d^-^S^^-.I^-- ^ ^t^^J^ 39 : for an intero^iaableTsti .S^thTalt ''r^^^^^ ''''^' "^^ "'^ -t«-i Jeny, turn north and westward ,7 '• ''"^ River and cross to the ODoosTfr «l "'^"''"^^8 ^ the Aux Lievres IHigh Pall," immedlateri^h oHh^T ^^f-« below the The cost of mining and transoo -t ^n p^ , ^J'^^^hip of Portland, ge Buckingham dltrfct 3' S13 ^f'""^ f ^^.^^ "mineral from Hull and Wakefield apatite is !il % \ ^"^ *^« Townships of openings are almost InnnLlul^^^^^^^ quality of the mineral in these town l,'^"^^ *^'" ^^^^"«^- The crystals of apatite have been met wi Hn ^^ '' "^'=^"^^*- Huge notable of which was one sevS Tee in r-T."'-^";^^"««' '^''"^ott 17, range 9 of Templeton. P™ kssor fl« " V'' '^' "^^"« °'^ ^^t the same mine which he saw 2 feet 9 inH? ""«° °'' ?>'''^*^''"« °^« i" m diameter. ' " ^^^^ ^ '^^^es in length and the same charatt:rL:d^l\ny^'t^;f^^V'^•^ ^"^- -=-- - arrangement of their' conSuent TITX "' ""'^^ '"^ *^« symmetry. Occasionally ins Ws are m^f X T '^"^^'^^ °f «how a distinct banded structure Thp f n '^" '"'^'•'" ''^^ ^^^^^ samples from various mines Tn the On T''^ ^"^^^««« «f kv Professor Hoffman (rZj.J 1 i ^^ '"^^ ^'^^t^^t are given lot 18, rangf 12? SiicSSm fif "'^' '^'^■^>= ^^-^ Mine! Ritchie Mine, Po'rtland sf p^ ' cent'" w' H ^'??^'^^^^ ^^ ^^^ 88 per cent. " Doctor" Pit bt 10 Watts' Mxne, Portland, cent Prof. Hoffman con ilers ft^m I'tf '' ^Tt''''^ ^' l'«^' of phosphate, Canadian apatite mav be 1 "^"f ^"^"^ constit.ient material for the man,if-iotm.l T^ ^"^garded as a most eligible generally speakiz.g i Jo^tai onlv srnnT''"'?*?^ superphosphate ; «nd the amount L nn tp . " i '^"'^"^^ties of oxide of iron apatitehithertometw^^hlSn^stor^^^^^^ J'' *'" ^--^'-n very similar in composition 1 tta deHlC^^'^'P^''^^''^^^^^ localities. ^ ' ^^"'^'^ f^'om m.^y European cHs.iI;; t^lZ^Vl^r^'^!^^^^-'^ » the phosphate from a corres|,onho.s,.l,ato *e ,,dl to ,„^,,act thU vioiuUyfor furtto, Ltal.Sn ''*' GYPSUM. f,.„„ ?!''''''» ■'"'"■■''li" «"°'°S'""'I formation producing xypsnin extonds Il't looS," T;;,?';/" f"r"' °" i-''°™L<''"1'>"- 'l-l'o^ib. .uo in tho sa.no vicniity, an jiddii g hii-go retuina. It i, very imio, and wull liit«,l tor tlie pniposes of cement and stucco. w.il rutoj ujiougn, in Albert County, ivhenfo aryr^..^„,.^ _„ . ^ ,• 41 roXnifon "ri v^''^. ^'''"*''**^'' " '""^ ^'t'' '^^-^i-^t*"! with the Z, o at Shi T*^ r'^ ""^r"'''*V '«^"'-l-«orted hh ,,h,Hter. With the exception of a Hhor eel. tion conHoquont upon their deHtruclion by fire, workn hav I oen Tn an un^uuaIMT"r''T' t''""''" "^ 8yi'«'"" i» tl^H Province are on with a tS mT" ^""^ '"^'^ «imilar expoHures a,e me w t at 1 luHt or Cove, Mabou, and on the Bran d'Or. The chief local ticH yudding .t are WindHor, Chevorie, Maitland Walton Kypmn wl te ' the? . wr "'"" ^"1""^ ^"^ Boularderie Inland jjyi'Muni wiiitens the HeachirH in severa i» aces A Urirn ,lpt,ou5f ^p gypHum exiHtH at Port BeviH, near Baddcck ^whith hXSu u riea ave becm establinhed, with a large annual yield. Tl 7^ '" arry ^ ome four imleH eant of Had.leck, near the^hore of Bra« T Or^LakJ with which It iH connected by a railway and wharf. So matrial from this quarry yields about 98 per cent of gvpHum T le ™ tn .ground for local une at a number of Hmall mill . At many pS vL^^v T"'""' "" A"<^'«°"«»^ «n ^^*'^ i'^ th« ^o«ks of through the Laurentia^^Hr^estonesTnZ ^''''7^^'''^ ^-y generally ties of Hastings and F ^.re'l TJ ^T ^'T °^^i"SBton, in the Coun- borough both^yield if andrNoTt.?Fr?'"P' "^^"'"^^^^^'^^^ I^«"gh- for years been worked The mJnf M ''^7 ^ "'"'« «^ plumbago bvs ated scales in a sandy ^epl^ *'f ^^^^ ^'^-° '-- on Bird Lake and at Mn,l T i t , ^^^"^ Township of Bedford Very little h4 btn done in ^l " wav 'of ''^T^^'> ^^^"« '' '' ^^■ Ontario, but Sir William tJI 77 , developing this mineral in ( rear of KingstonW 1 be fo^?! t U^' '' '' ^^'^^'^^^'^ '^^^ -«tio deposits of plumbago *° ^'"^^ ''^ "^'^"^ ^^^^^^ties valuable Lochaber, Buckin4'ra a-ul S i / T^^''"''^^P' of GrenviHe, distinct forms vil „=^- • -^e^^l'^^^on- It is fouiul in three disseminat:S^;;S;s'Vmt::fdr^^^ ^^ ^'^'^ ' ^ ^-^-'1- o" cutting the enclosing sh-ata Tt 1 fi ?? ''^ '".'^^ ^*' "^«^>^'« ^ei"^ met with, and occurs in c^lt^P J ? f ^''™' '' t'^'"^* '"^^^ commonly to such a; exteS I to eS :fte1^^^^^ *'" ^^'"*^«^-'^«' «ft«n The second form, tha or^fbe ded n^'f ' "-^ ^f"' ^°^^°'"i« ^alue. and in Buckingham, Lodrbm InH P ''-n ^l^""^^'""" occurrence, been worked to a small extent ?„?'r\"^ '' "^^^ ^it^ an,l has 10 feet in thickness has been mine. ? Tk:tZ,''ZT'' ' '''' «^^^ not so common, and thouah of m ,. -^^e thud, of fissure veins, is cannot be worked to sucK-ofit aT hf 'oH ' T'''^ ""^^ ^vightness in his report of 1 873-74 savsUi> ? .^^T ?''"'• ^»-- ^^nnor, mineral fhat we must lo'ok for our cl If '^«,'^<^«1 deposits of this Logan, in the Geolo,, ^Z^ ^r^T'^^ur^I'' ^i"^"^ ibund u. the rocks of this count.y appea^^^^ "be S ,S t t: 43 SfrXtSwt 'I'-"' °" 'r'L,'""""^ P-P"-. -Inch "igham «nd Locliabei- '"' """ Je'elojied in Buck- worth speaking of was done unt fa n' t "t n'""'''^' ^^^^^^''^ mine m T.ochaber, where thlrn.lf , °'^ Company opened a deposits and erected factories Lfr''^ ^ ""'"'^^^- "^ Pl»'"bago operations. A Alontreai Co^pa '^^'f ''°''^"!^ ««^«^'^1 ye'"-« ceased «aa.e tin.e, on what is known rTwTnr?''^^ ?'^"*^^"^ ''^'^^ *1^« called Cevlon Village n.^cklv «, *''^' ^'"'^ small settlement at the junction of TwiJ and ^S^ "^-r f ^^''^' ™i" ^«« ^''ected to it in scows, into whil it Z sZ'^'^'' '^'''' ^^^"-^ ''-'"^d summit by „,ean3 of a long Tnclint? . . '^' """^^ °'^ ^'^^^ I"» similar to a timber slide. Ss hi iW. k'^\/'^^^ ^'' *'■«««««, lieight of about 350 feet ^nd on it. « 1 ?^r'^'*^^ ^''^"^ the lake to a graphite was worked, about 300 or 400 f' ^T'^'^"^ "^ disseminated deep, before sinking sha^ s At^hit, ^'!\^^'^" ^"'^ «°"^« 25 feet about 30 feet, at a^distance apart 5 Sn r 7 '^ *^^^ ^^^''^ ^"'^k about 70 feet deep. A kr^e amovm. f i '\ **"'' ^ t^^"'^' s'^'^ft both from the disseminated bed and f '^^ ^1""'^"^° ^''^ ^^^racted 1875 the mill was unfortunair. K ?" ^^^^^^^Pcst vein shaft. In section, and work wa 'Cs,^' Le^^^^^ '^"^i'* ^^at was one main cause of the fa iure If ;^- ^ ^^ ^ ""^ transportation somewhat remedied b> mean of wLS'' '7^'""^' ^"* *'^'« ^' ^^w Verv large quantities 'or'Some'^stovrr'^r' '"'^^^^>' ^'^^"^ties. ^^rS^T&J^l^:^^ t^""^ ,^?-^ -"t into that could then be brought to bear on^.h "^ •''] ""^ ^^^^^ ^l^P^i^'^^e covered 2,000 acres of land contain^' ' '"'^"•l^^- ^h*^"' ^^^^ lodes or rich veins, one of w ich S lot 9, ^'''^ ^^''"'''' ""^^ ^^ by VennortovaryinthicklSnmn .'.'°''?'''^^' ^' ^^'^« stated disseminated minLl we/e founT to '^^^^^ '"'S ^'^^-^ deposits of operated. The mine or quarry wa on ^Vf ^^'^/^^s^l-V and profitably deep, and yielded froniToV^n n^^''^^^ f %"^"« long. 70 feet machinery used at the m 11 was caoabirnf T • '^ '''""^'^"-^"- ^he per week A small settlemlt sZni'zn a^^r"^ ""* ?-""* ^^ *^"« ^^ the principr/t::„:^:,r2r.r'dSiiT^"T - ^^- -n caused a great decrease in the" deniand ^^S^b^I^^^S,^ V ! u •CanaVi/utlM-Hpll '"^ ""' "'""''' '"'""< "^ J>ro/Uable price., for vein gn,,l!iee'filut;i;V t,tt'vieW Sr'Tfot "'""'''"''r at Ow", flLf l*".'" '^°»"'*'l« l''»ml.agmo„s «l.,te» a™ met with ■^ u co„tu,„„t,„„ of «,e t..„e „h.„b„go Uei^irirMUSuiaot"'^ know,; 't ■" sS^' rVlr r""'-, ^' "'^ °''' ''p^"'"s ■'' ""> ^ 40 although m yet ,,o clo|,08it« l.avo I>.,om work.d. Arnon« thn 1 ZS J rook, and GiUih lirook, (!a,,o Urcton. The, clonoHitH r in ^ I^ucoH ..oally highly plu.n.^inous Hha.o; l.u^Th: ZZCZ M noH ,n his report for 1H80 nayw : " were attention di.rto to th , «..»Moct Hcm.o might bo fon.ul of ocononnc value/' A »h " .1 Bumsii CoMJMi.rA.- -A Hpeciu.en of plumbago was brouirht in oHiowl reports of tlu» .l.»t,irt,, but it will |.,-„l,ul,ly l,„ f„,„„| ,„ '"v ASBESTOS. Ontauio—TIio serpentine an.l hornblon.le in cho country back of Kingston .s Hpokou of in tho various Geological Survey roportras being of the fibrous kin.l, but no asbeHtos workings aro^merio^Ld The rocks of this portion of Cana,la probably posseHs tl rminT,!' but wlietherin su«icient ainn.danco ti prove' .!Xbl'-s I^et QUKBEC— The principal source of the Canadian asbestos of mm merce is a narrow band of serpentine in the Quebec ZZ i, E Province, a series of rocks at the bottom of the Lowef Si lutn foiWioi, and which runs from the Ve.mont boundaiy of the Ea t en. lownships to the IJIver Chau iiere, thro.igh Potton Bolton Orford, Bromi.ton, Melbourne. Shipton, Cleveland Ha r. -H i ' Coleraine, Thetford and liroughton. ^'"^°^'^"^'' ^i'^'"' (-arthby, There is a mine at Shipton, near Danville, from which a large .p.antity of asbestos has been procured and sold Jicn per ton The output of this mine for the^next ten y a si as lin contracted for. The most successful mine of the kind'w « ^1^^ '"E^aL^ J i^ I* ml : 4G and strongest fibre of thp kiml /^"™l'^*",„"'»""factnrer8 as the finest is three 'miles loTlnrlnr:! widV" A °' ^'^r' ^^*^^^'"8 ^^ asbestos has l,een found in SLff \ ./ ,4 8"°^^ quality of Central Kailwa,: S J^st^^ o^'sX ^^.^^^^ ^-^- K::jf.nf a ?li?VrS ^ -l «-' 'peoiLThre bS Plantes iliver/one : i^ tr bLrfe's ^'^^^^ ''■°" *^« ^«« mines in this district was $50 per Jon nn^.l, ^'" •' ^""''^^"^ ^* *^« agoii-i^^rnrs-^-^^^^^^^^^^ workings were abandoned. I was used^l .^'"^'"' Y *^" of lampwiclfs in Ehode I.lnLl T * *l ,*^^ manufacture of the ;-.in withouf nrosr,ecttr in tt • ^^'^•' exhaustion led to its abandonment TnT^ ^ . t '""'*^ ^°'' ^^^e^ traces there are twoTonJi^ru " J^inrltSbret '' '^' "' ^"^"^^ «' of an inch up to 3 inches th s pfU t .• .r"^'"« ^'"^'^ * ^'^'^^^ion One ton froA thesrmS;s lippecUn llrq^' ", ''IS .^?n^« ««^'»- in Ottawa. Traces of asbpZ^ '''.l^^^' »"«alized $100 per ton and on Meech'sTake anc^t ° --J^' ^^ ^-'^"' ^''^ '* ^^'^''^ Ottawa ;ity. ' *^''°"^*' ^^'^ ''^"^ "'^"ing north of Tht, opinion prevails amongst eeolosrists thaf +h^ ™- • asbestos in the Ottawa Valley is destinerS 1 •"'?'''"« °^ some importance. ^ clestined to become an industry of Nova Scotia.— Fibrous hornble-de is m^f u^uk • ^v. composing the Cox heath, BoisdaleT d ?f A ^ Z]\^ }^ *^« ^'O^^s At Morrison's Brook it is fpoken of f. nt "' ^'"'' ?*P^ ^^^*°"- donald's and Rocky Broo^a sLftHbu^TS^^^^^^^^ ""^ true asbestos seams, however, occur. '-^eorge itiver. No coast^f^H^dlrCsTvraJb^^^^^^^^^ '^ ^"« -P-^ - the east and a half miles souIhoTLttfewle^^^^^^^ ^T"^'^^« ^'^^ him as occurring in larc^e quantise, la vf ^ J'^^ described to localities were not ascertained ' ^"'' °^ '^'' ^°*«t, ^ut the MICA. the Wr:r:^d^^^3Si;^^ thr^^^ the .cksof of economic value occur Tnmarfy^StriSsfn fh'"'?^^"- •^''''''^' is, generally speaking o^" infpHnr Ty f ''' ^^^^^ formations. It York fire tist.^ '' ^'''°' '^^""' ^^ "«* standing the New ) 47 advantage are near Perth aud'Tn T^'^M '"''^ '' ^''^''^ *« ^^7 of first quality n.i.a w Jl^' tli o^i T JSf ' /T^^.^"-"^- rapidly being developed. 1884, and the industry is COAL. Hreas of coal district in the MaSi IpV •'''" '""t "P ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ Coast. It is a most import^rmatt«r f a'''! T^ °^ *^»« P'^ciAc either side of hor i,ossessC^^n ?v ^"'".^'•eafc Britain to hold, on this valuable nune\a Tn rcoast tV^T^"'"'' 'T''''' ?«---"» the Dominion. '''^' ^'^ ' ''''^^^^'^ and western portals of to i/e^L'nfXdTunitaT^^^^^^^ «-*-' - P-Portion <5oal fields, whikrrature'harnffi"/'!^ Productive capabilities" of "us to advantage. ThTc t ontetd^ no anthracite having been met wr„^ ^! ^'VV"'^"°"« '"^i«i««. numerous tracts of carbonTf™fnIw- •^'*' ^^^'^""^^ *^»«»-« are Province ; the largest and nZv f u,"'" '•" ''""""^ Pa^ts of the its northern shores and ovr I coSrlhr '^'"^'^^ "^^'^ ^"^ «'°ng and eastern ahores of Cape Breton ' ^'"'^'^^ °^ *^'« »°^«^hern the ^Z'::ri:i:''t''z^]/i'^-'i^ --'^ ^« ^-- ot Antigonish, Pictou, and cierlan^d T^d tt '7^^^' ^^^^'"^^^^ from the report of the Insp^tor of Mines for Iss^^^^^ Irom Geological Survey Reports ' ''''^^' °*^«^ "otes ductifrtf fi^::^^^^^^^^^^ the area of the pro- being about 32 miles long and G mUes wicfe 1, >l°^ '^"'^''^ •""««' by the Atlantic Ocean. This coal fieW In« ^'^'^ v°" ^^''^ ^^^es of an extensive area for the most „a^i xZT ^' '.'"^^"^" extremity nearly all the seams can be folTol^ed „n ? '^ ^"^''. ^'^'^ °°«*"' '^"'^ taken out covering above JOOsouafn-' "''^'''-^ ^^^'^ *'^^« been Mr. Poole, m a^report to Xrl •''■ °^ *^" submarine coal. assuming a line ofXe X f om Z strT 1 ^^^^ «*3^« '^^^ profitable working, 4,000 feet thep^n-i m T ^? ^^ *^^^ boundary of three feet thick ti b^lrked a^tt^" ^«P^^' ^^^ ^ geological facts as ascertdned fmm ..l, "^ '•'' ° consideration all elsewhere, the subSirtl?!?. ^^p'^ ^^p'^^"^ ^'^^^''^^g^tions 2/ieldin<^ l,866,000,OOoZls Thft ?^P^,^'^^on is capable of which characteVi.es^histTfJdlrSnT^^T'^^'" ^''^ f«"It« ^ngaged .n exploring i. ^1^^ 0^ sr tlstetT 1 1 48 General Mining AHsocmtiori 8omo years ago, and workinin, woro ToT':^rz: 7i\'' -->i^»Jt being' fouaa that r E an V to ho r ,; "'"'"' '' r'^. "»>""''«»«^"- The same remarlcH apply to the Hi, seam, whose land area is 150 acres 60 of which have been partially worked out. The coal tro.u t S seanf is wo wtS h^Z bT'^'.. ^^'^ "-•'-- -"' '"- been exa-nsiv^ly worked by the Block Houho, Little (ilace Bay, International Vi/ BrorgasCkV'^'iTr T' r ^'^^«^'^ "«^'^' '^ the Nryii^i J; all of ooH^'? "'1 r'" ''"'' ^'-"'^ "l'«"-'l "t ' '--«'' l«vel, and the Weld is LJ pT'^-*°.i'"P'"r- ^' '^^ International Mine the focomnLTw 1"'.^ '\ ^'^ ^""'^ ^''' «"«• "»J i« ^'«11 H.lapted for locomotive work, from tests ma.le. At the Victoria Mine it is more compact, and is better adapted for steam and house fuel and h« never been known to heat in cargo. At the Sydney co li^H 's tli ?n^"in M l-r" r;--»/^«^"«»t *-• «t«am an.l donieM ,• s . i^t ing in Halifax at from 30 to 80 cents higher per chaM.un t! an nv Gkce]?''" ^l'T\r.\^-^ '^''« ''""^'"'-- -'i ^-k Pit Hams of Glace Bay and the Mill Pond and Black Bock scams of Boular erie seams'V t"'n^''"l ^ ^ ' ^*'^*- ^" ^'^ Presence of tie largei' seams, they have been but little worked, and n ay be looked u, oifas for jlouse use. ^ " "^ ' '""''''' "^ ^^'^'^^'^'^ ^""^ ^^1'^^' t'^"'^^^ workll^rn r n'' ''"'^''^ "' *^' McAuley, Phelan and Lisgar, ia woiked by the Gowne, Ontario, Caledonia, Reserve and Lincan Colhories This bed 1ms furnished a large amount of coal, and may be consulered the typical seam of the district. At the GowHe colliery it is 5 feet thick. It is used for steam and domestic m ZZUT' '"^bT^.f-i-'-H a^lapted for iron Tork h.g At' X' and thou'I sHH "". ''';? ''^^ """• "^"^^'' ^^ ^'^-'^'^^er slightl^ and though still a good coal becomes rather more free burning The Caledonia coal has been largely exported to the New England States for steam an.i gas purposes, fc 'ime burning and for houfe us. A h eflrfo7srm '' '"''""' '''V''' ''^"'^''•"^^^ -»'«. -d i« «- caiefly tor steam purposes. It is sent largely to Newfoundland where it is m demand for steamers, which requi^ a coLrcamb e of rising sceam quickly At Lingan, this seam laid the foundation of the gas reputation of Cape Breton coal in th> Unite-l States I U« quantities have been sent to New York and BosCfor^his puJi's? all noTnrs^rH.'r'r^""'!' P**^ ^"J Sponcer, seam has been opened at v eC w^ f "' ' "* ^Pf-^^^i^"-^ ^' P'-««ent are suspended. It yielded well for gas purposes from a sample cargo. The yield from ^^.u 40 Hnd natural exponm-ef "'"'"'''' *' '^"'^^ '^'^ J^^^^" only b/ pita by Geological Su, vey Ket'orts t '"'*'^^" o'"''' '* ^«"*^>"« i« «t'^t«d cost of the coal minTd am m i 17, °"''" 212,000.000 ton«. The collieries from 60 ce.l to iilLr^tV'" """ '' *^" ''«'«'-^"' west^":C o'Jlp'Jte^f - ^^'I'^T^' ^ J"Ji'I-. on the line of coal measurr for^t; ' '" T"""''.' " "'^''''^^ "^-^ ^^''O^en beneaththeOu fof St Lawrence Af?°.'- '^ ^'"'^'' ^^''^^^ "^ «°«1 of seams exist, and at Broad Cove ei.1. """'^ ?"''""'' ^^° «^«"P« strata, one only of wh ch is work!^ 'T' "' "^^°"*^ ^,000 feet of n.easures here is not known IS^^^ V'^ ^^'^^^ of productive square miles, believed to ho,J wo kaW; IfT T'"^""^ '"f"'^ various parties Tho n^^i^J i o *'' "*^® been secured by kind, seems to be of excellenf n,.,.\it > i. , ^"® bituramous tested for steam and We p.ljref ^^ ^ ' ^"« ^«^" satisfactorily the ptLn::'o?s:l:rXe"r;K^^ '^^'^ '/'t^^^ ^«^^^' ^^-^^ parallel with the shore and evtnf l'"'""^ v'. "''^ ^^^ '''^'^ ^un The seam opened h^' XilZt otsTx HT ''T,'^^ »"- pushedashortdistanoeunderthft In I f Workings were tinned. The outcrop of another T' r" *"■" temporarily discon- water. Owing to tL Lnfd wlr n"" ^"""^ '"^"l " ^"^^^^ "^^ low rtiany seams will soon become obliter^/7'^ f •*'^" '^'^°''«' ^^«««« ^t Island may be cited wSr.n,«^*^1.' ^"^ ^'^ 1"'^^ ^^ this Seal once beyond do'tt con„ ^^ wSlhf ^^^^"i^«-'- ^^-ta, and by a channel two miles wide Po-t ^^^T''^^*"!' ^ "ow separated wasting powers of the Gdf """^ '' "''°'^^^- ^"^^'^n'^e o{ the Richmond Coal Field Thia j- t • i^ • from a point eight miles iboTe the tT'' «o"«Jdered to extend tants to Little EiverandSeaC^teRr "^f °° '^' ^''''' ^''^^'^^- on the east side. The seam tnoW ^ '''' ^}^ ^^'^' *'^'^- ^o^J Brook feet, and two otheiff:u;?n "fittl A'-f " *'"''^-^" '' «^«^- .-1 .,^t ^|i^yjj_ ruspc-otiveiy. At Rich- Others are re- 60 mond two seams four feet thick have been opened, ported, but not much is known respecting them nrrfhlr/r?-*'* ^r^ f ^•eW.-A sman field was found a few miles S?nl ?f ^"^^S°"^«^ */r y^^"" "^°' ^"'^ ^^^^'^ «"0"gh carried on to show the presence of five seams of coal. It is said to he of fair quality, but there is not demand enough to render its working necessary at present, especially as the Pictou coal is carried through the centre of Antigonish County by the Halifax and Cape Bretfn' Kailway. The coal area of Antigonish is estimated at from five to ten square miles. It may be looked upon as a reserve for future working, if an extra demand arose for any special industry, town^f'^" ^""^/^'^^^-This district lies immediately south of the soZ m?""^ n •^°''; ^l^ '^' ^'''^ ™*y ^^ estimated at about 35 squar. miles. Owing to the unusual size of the beds, it contains a large amount of coal. The seams are divided into an uppTand a lower group. The product of all these is of excellent quality! and has proved well adapted for st^am raising in marine md other engines. There are four companies working in this dis! S f // -.'f nnT '"*'8^' ^^^^ equipped, and equal to an annual output of from 75,000 to 250,000 tons. ' ^ l^he lower group, of seams has been extensivelv worked to the west of East River. The Main seam has been worked for many years at the Albion Mines by the Halifax Coal Company and their predecessors. The coal from the Albion Mines is an "x- celJent steam coal. At the Intercolonial Colliery it is of 'a similar character, well adapted for steam purposes and for house fuel roll,-! i; ^^t^f »5« ^fc i« especially prepared. At the Nova Scotia colliery the yield is very similar, and it has been extensively exported for he same uses to the United States. The " Deep " seam has been worked only at the Albion Mine, whence large quantities have been exported tor steam purposes and iron working. The «' McGregor " seam was formerly worked by the Acadia colliery, and was con- sidered specially adapted for steam purposes, whilst the " Stellar " is a very high class of cannel coal, known as stellarite, and is overlaid by fat bituminous coal, and oil shale underneath it. This material IS well adapted for a gas onricher, and in practical working at the mine GO gallons of crude oil and 25 of refined per ton of coal were obtained. There are several other beds of oil shale in this coal field but they cannot be worked witli profit in the presence of Canadian and American oils. Cumberland Coal Field.-Thm is the most westerly situated of the coal tields, the South Joggins shore of which has obtained a well deserved geological fame. In its cliffs there is exhibited tn extended section ^ of carboniferous strata which is. perhaps titu^^ 51 feet. Operations have been'fnX.l^i 'f °* "P^**"^^ °^ l^'OOO the first openings being ie at ti^ ^ a number of years, extensive!; used^t St^Johuanfoth' n'^r'- ^h^ coal has been coal. At the River Hebert a five foo^ P°'*\"' ^ ^^"^^ ^^^ «t«a'a Maccan two seams of fot I'/^tf tftT ^^^^een opened, and at Scotia and Chianecto nronprl! •^^'^^ ^^^''^ ^"'^"^J- At the above -entioneCal^^vrnt^rctSn'^fT^' /"^^^ ^^^^ *^^ measured in a new tunnel of fht !Z , '"^ ^^^* «^^ '^^^^^^s as locally, and well liked ^''""' "^^'•^^- ^he coal is burnt thecS7^^SfSCk'^|^^^^-^-^bf S^7l- Mine, shore to Spring Hill little is Lnown of ./ ^°''', ^^l"'^*^^' ^'-^"^ ^h^ the countiy. ^''°''" °^ *»»« geological conditious of carriefon^t'th?sg!^S^^^"^'-<^ ^ extensive works are bright and cle'^n. &i?;lSe?nT^^^ ^^^^^ ^''^ ''^P^<^^^ so near shipping piaeesrolrc^^^^^^^^ '"'''"^ ^^ -^ ^^W fields. lre^iel^-,Jrnlt:ihr;^^ fr ----d -1 not been considered of eSromic v«h T T"^"' ^"* *^" '^^^^^ North River of Truro, an7trF,,;t:unttirT d'"^ ^''^ ^^^^ " Outcrops of seams vawmn, a.^ J' -^"uuncain. -Ur. Dawson says* bee,, f„„L at selSMa^^n'; S Lro/^hec't'^^T' "'^ Gape C'lignecto. Indications nf 1 1 , ^ Cobequids as far band exteudin.. f .t. T ™ l^"""^ ^*^« ^»«« b«e« observed iu as the band exteudin. fiZ Lowe, l '"'^^ ^^ ^'^'^ ^^^^ observed iu Kennebcook River" At HnnT' 17'^"^" ^''^''''^ ^''^ aJ«"g the Lomond, Salmon and (tl^^^^: ^^1? nT' r?^" Baddeck, Loch ties, small seams crop out but am nT' ^, ^^^ *"^ '^^''^^^ ^«°*li- tions have been err edou a of an v? 'T''^?^' '° f^*'- ^-^ explora- ductive coal fields of the' P.ovh ce ^oTf"' '"'"'• '^'^^ ^'^^^^'^ I-^- square miles, of which b. SvZ °°'"P^/" ^^'^^ of about 685 600 mile.; the remdn W b^Ct 7 *^ fi«l^'« ««^"Prise sn.aller fields of i:;:S^:Lh:n^ ^^l.t^^'^ ''' ^^^^°" ^"^ *^« New Brunswick. —Within thp l.,«f r money has been spent in develL„r J ^w years considerable occurs in the Devonian Lks of Be 1 R ''^'"V '^ '^"^^r^^^ite. which have bee,, .sunk, the clee .e t ^f^Sn T^^^^^ The character, however, of the coal .in '^t^ ^'^*^ ^'^ached 140 feet, ciently to warrant the in ve Lent of f^H ^^«"' t« i^'Provo suffi. percentage of ash_36 pe" «!« t - iJ J^J^'.,^''^''^' T'- Urge of tae mineral as a combustible! The^ulk^^ ^^:^i:So^Z 62 shalo. Tlio Geological Survey Kenorfc of ].97« 70 „„ •. • ingly doubtful if coal of suflirLr.ZjVv, ^""^^ '* '« ^^ceed- l>o obtained there A sin nH'-?^ ^''' '""'k^taWo purposes will Musquash, butofliti ;;;;!;;: ''^^""' """'"'^^ CUnoh-spost omce, Soauis of coal are also met wiM, nV ."^*"^'^?'«"« fo««il remains. • to bo capable of wornL Jf. "^^'^ (--^ i"«J'es sullicitMitly great reason but little information can bo b i > iT it ' /''" '""'^ the possible occurrence of f.vtli.f'''"*'''' "'"''^^^^■^ '^« to -0 1 to boringsT:;.d ; r^jr;^;:;;::^''' Tho'^ i tt^ ^ ^vhlch mining oj,erati(,ns for this min.vn 7 ^""'^ ^'"'"^'^y ^"^ i« in and about the Newcastle Ri^^.^^^^ '' ''"''""^ eon.lucted Lake,in(^,een8Countv S«I 1 T ? ^'"' ''"'"'« "^ ''''« <^''-'.nd feet are usu.7y me wS, w h n tenT'flfr""^? '^ *'"^-'^"^«-^ ^'^'^•^-^ 2 have been remLe^l a^a ™ tn n^T r •" ^""^ ^^* ^^^« ^''''f^^^'^' '^»<« 100 square n.iles tlicS rt a totV ^'T'.' ""'''' "" "^'^ ^^ «^-' ir.4,948,147 tons.' 'CcoTi is a tit 'n/ '•'"' '''^T'y "^^ "'^""^ ployed both for householund^Ltritt'Cs'^'^rs'^ ^^ ^'^- workod, and it is to be suDDoae-' nvnfi Vn ' , ^ *'"'' ^'^'''"' ^^ of the different mines T a , ^l ^^'^ ^^- ''''''"'^ ^^ it may fairly be prm med hat with ' '•"";*■' ""^'' *''« ^^''^' a proper system o ^5^1 J^rtToTnTrr ' ".anagement and might be profitably extnictfd TfJ--^,^"' ''"'''""'"« '^"^""ty and the price of ha( used tl' 1 '' '""''^ ^^ '^" of good quality $5 to $8 Ver chaZn '"'' ^'"'^^°'^« "' ^^- '^"'''^ ^-'i^^ f'-on^ carboIJi^rrmS i;r^;;::l^r,"^^^ ^'^ '-«« °^ ^'- ^-- what local deposi? iLv are n n..« ^'- ""^^ ''•'''•^«'' *« ^*« "^ ««'»«- celebrated Albe mine To! H iTsW ^^^'""^^^ «^ ^^^^ closing rocks, and thrn;e rten. " T ' ^^''"^^''"^ ^"'•"' ^he en- and of a thicknesl as ;: 2 t^^^^^^^^^^^ /T --• f -H-, dense and fine grained diaraT«,T-.r ^'»^«« «^'ales are of a tough, especially when Zhlt ' '^''^' " "^'"""^ bitun.inous odour, They arc found sometimes to contain veins nf „lKo r, as small quantities of petroleum albertite, as well 53 wliat variablo, b„[ that of LlZlL ullTVlf '!■''' ""'^ ^"« ««'»«■ tJu-oo gallons por ton. Tho , mo ^1^ ''^ '^'^'timoro was sixty- 7,500 foot PC- ton, of gas. I ho v ^ " «r^r''^ '"^'"'''" "^ >''^'J'''»« rotnovod f.o.n similar Lis i t c^^Z r 'w '""' ^'^^^ t"»« ^^^"'^ l>o''fced to tho (Juitod Stitow J, r ^y ?^ Wostmor-olan.!, and ox- eO.OO r.or ton. ''^"'' ''^^'"'» ''' ''"'t '"ark«t at the rate of Albert County, and ImsC/w s^r r".''"/?" "' '''''^^-'••^ - others as a variety of i,.t and 1 v nH . '''«' "'"'^ ^'^ '^ t''Uo coal, by to asphaltunu it J , ,,^ '' f„ ^, ? « "fun as moro nearly rehltod ve.y black, brittle and Ins i^„ J it'^'V'' appearance, being amljikeaspl.dium,is,lerttuc' ?« \ ''•^"'''''"•^'''» fmcturo: ?nd in its relation t^ la:£^t^,T'''^2!':i' f ""'''" "' '^'^'^''^'y jn being of one ,(„ality throuX , n J •*''" *^"'" ^°'^' '^ ^'i^^^rs Wo tissues, and in its mo lo Vn ' '^""^'"'"K "o traces of vogeta- "Ot that of a true M T, "^^.^'^^ "^"^''l ''^ ^'^^ ^^ " -" 'u vertical fissure, has a varyin . tSne \'V ,'" "''"^"'^"' "'''^ """'"'v^ teen feet, an 00 / u ""^'^ ^''' ^'^'''"^l '^t dilFo- Boston is 12.00 or to St J oh i*!' J 1 .00 it ti;!"' '"'• ''^'^ ^''^''^''^ ^^ BllITISIT COLIJMnrt 'PI, I»l.m,l and tho abs" co oHt I, n',r°''°° "'^ ^""^ «'' '" Vancouver -=o, .. t„t«i cou,„..ia ],., „i,.i„ i,o,.,„if-th„ :i'o;;:;t; oTis'^ u SlkhJi" ?•! ?^.««"«^t 'l^-litJ of the Vancouver coal is well iue teitiary beds of inferior coal are to be found cronninff onf in the southern part of the west coast of VancouverisCd an] Anthracite coal is found in Queen Charlotte Island. TJ-„r,.- secondary beds are best represented in the coal fields of Nana mo and Comox. The whole extent of this coal vefn is esH Cat M^*^' ^'t^'-^ ^"^^^^ ^«P«^*^ to extend to the ^cinity of Cape Mudge, in the north-west, and to approach to within 5 nUles t ^ t?a ed ZV^'^T'' :'*' " ^^"^^^°^ ^30 miles. NanaSio Newca tie and 2^% ^^.^t^-^'*^, T'*^ "^ Vancouver Island, near i^ewcastie and Protection islands, the latter so named fmm the shdter afforded vessels loading there. On NewcastleMnd earns S T' tT^'^T^^' ^^"^"^ *^« ^**^'-. ^^^owing several seams of clear, hard coal, partially worked, but the main works a?e at Fanaimo, on a 6 foot and a 3 foot seam/ten miles firthei south and carried on by the Vancouver Island Cod Company The coEy was first opened about 30 years ago, and yields well Two other companies are also working known as the Wellington and Hlrewood The two first carry their coal to the wharf bv "short railways and l^e last IS provided with a tramway. The 'seam worked by the Wellington Company is 9 feet 6 inches thick, that at the Hare W $Tto%6"aL' '°r '"' 'S"'. ^'" «^^^ ««"« at the minis at trom !j^5 to |6 and realises in San Francisco $10 per ton The nro exteZd^"^''-'"' f'"" *'" ^^™^^^' --^ t^^« --k"^. are being freX extended in view of a growing market. The rocks accomtmnv7na the coa^^are sandstones, conglomerates and shale. The Sm? coal field has a length of about IGmiles, with an average breadth of tVc^ "'" '"^'°t ^"'^^^ °'^^«"^« "P^^''<^« «f 90 square miles ^ The Comox vein has a length of about 40 miles and 13 in its wiacst part or, averaging a little over 7 miles, and the productive area may safely be considered to hold about 300 square^ miles /^7,! logical imrvey Eeport, 1871-72.; The mines worked here are the Union the Beauport and the Baynes Sound ; in the first of these the total thickness of workable seams is a little over 25 feet, or 16 000 ! mo tons ^rr V"'- ''^. *'" ^^^"^« ^'^'^-^ -'- about 7,680;. tailed ''^"""^ *''" ^^''^''''' '' '^o* y^* d«fi"it«l7 ««oe;. Nanaimo and Comox are not the onlv known coal fields ot Vancouver Island. Coal occurs and was formerly worked by the 65 Hiulson Bay Company at Fort Rupert, on the north-east coast, and the seams again occur on the west coast at Quatseno Sound An rXfl? V"' ''''''' '""''''^ "^« "^*^« ^-- English Conipany' of v,hxch Dr. Brown writes, " my opinion is decided that the Korkemo Quatseno) coal field is the best yet discovered in Vancouver IslaTd though unopened not only on account of the superior quality of the coal bu the ready accessibility of the mines froln the Pacific, with! ' ^'""""l'"' W. River (QuesneO/Parsni pXor nI'i ^1^'!^ ^^""«"' *^^''"««^- River and NH;so-sLnr]S^ ^'""«<^ "^ ^^eai' bods at the latter ^i!^Tt ^^:S''^^ ^^^i-^-'' the devei^s S:rs; • rsr^^r f^ '^^ ^r--^^ ^^-^^^ a fine quality of coal on th.f .... i '""''""^"^- A''« existence of British Columbia into one of the v^U ] ■ ^^'"'"^''^ converts continental railvv„ys wi conn 't on J^^^^^ ^^T^'' ''' '''! ^''^ t"-^*"- coasting and ocean stoanie.sr Xcl. wil ifr^n'''?."^*'' '^^ "^ The effect also of aunt of cf"' 1' "r"'^^' Vancouver IslancL cannot be overlookeZ'aj; ^^^t of ^l "^Z^^ ^^^^'^ taine?S"i^:;rrIr^::::-^'^?tl-^« ^^ -^^--Ito wore ob. of Hudson Bay,tySs o" lS^^^^''l'^ "^^ -ast reported plent^'of^itexttr^ti:^^^^^ A^i "tr "'" '/-'^^'^'^ t^-- miles inland froni Little Wha e l\Tver J ' ""^'n' "f '^*'' '''^'"^ not occur as a seam of tprt, 7'f I"-ol>Hblo that it does anthracite, but rat rasresntwf ^''^"'""\°"« «««'« ''ko ordinarv like Alber'tite by tl e lo s o its ritn^" ^'"'''Y'"^ ^''''^'' ^^^ '^ •"^"^-'^"1 quantities. Bitl,. nous . „ 1 "^'""""' ""^^ '"*^>^ "«* exist in large onAbitibiRiv S'ngtTurD^ carbonaceous shales e.i'^st sinftibi River in his dXff Vi ^'''^"'f " formation. On the Mis- bank of Coa a-ook . not ' '^7\T- ^' 1 ^'«"^^«' '^^'^ «" *!>« west River there is a beVHe^rtlik and • „^' *^'^ '"outh of Poplar parts of the same locality '' ''""' '""^^ "' ^'^"•^«««' 87 at Jrn:rRo:l^^^^^^^^ '"''-''^^ '''^-t^^^d^ tliftf J^T 1 ^Y ^°""^'*^" WouHo,an(lHeiunHci'oppnKout between that site ami Edmonton, as well an "bright iot-iko brown oil'' fu e;Hr«f? ''•''^■^'^'°"' ^•■"•" 1» *« 20 foot thick. Ho Edinoiton^ bo. T'l '"".^ "° '.'"^^^'"'^ ''"^* "^ ^^o region west of tl^Z th 'bv tl tr? ?r "°? ' ^^ f''" ^'*thHbu8ca Kiver and on wie ooutn by the Red Door ilivor, t loro exists a vawt cm] flol.l The Zl "''f '' "",Y "^^'""*^ *^" ^^"•' ^"••'^'^'^'^ ««"•"« "f coal." of n.ile8 ^of CO X { "".^ "^ "1?^^^'^'^^' t''«t""l>o'-ovor hundreds ion eml if „ . / ^ ^l^o'-dormg tiie two HaskatcLowan Kivors, V tt trtr '; "S "',' '';'7 ^'"'"^^^"^ in.I.ortanco in connection Slwhu, . "^"'" North-West, and the opening it np beTt roHults m r ^"'^^ '' ^;"^« extensively .nined with the r Professor S IT" fl'"7*\«f *J^« north-west are considered nnnf;„ ? '"^^^ ^-^ ^'"«"'y assimihito to those of tho Xke n t'hn? T J" ^°"''' ."'^"" *''« ^"«* "<"^'"^ "»^ being entKf o "^^ Mountains." Professor Hodgo says, " they aro fn 1!k / ?, "^ common bituminous coal but from lignites also utes alwTo r f '' ^"•'' ---blance." One cause tl^.; con b Si etS. wn t" "?'""rf °f '•'' North-West coal is tho natural nto^sttirwTtt l'"^ ''' ,r^''" ''"^'^' "^ '^« Saskatchewan River are bott^of wT /tS '' " '^'"'''''" ''' '^''y '"^' «^^'«^'' '^^^ the m turn ,1 "Tf ^-^ ^'"' ''"^'"« '^"^ """«' t»'« «»ly work of such aTonrthri'"^'^. ?'"'^ "" °^^'»^'""'^* «''^ft f«»- -»•• The coal fields along the baskatchewan and JJow Rivers are practically illimitable wil TritTir"-''" r' r"'^^^"^ increases, Lanufacti-bgS will aiiso in the vicinity of great value and importance. wi„^r.i\r o*^.^r lit; ii^'^r? s^rL-j r ir Weld t """ ""'■"■ '^, ^'"« °i»-''' «"'' '"., 1™!^ " - 5 "^ immuhsu coal held has quite 58 recently been discovered, the main vein of which is over five feet thick. Arrangements are being made to develope this mine at an early date, Beds of first-class bituminous coal extend from the southtjrn boundary on the St. Mary's River to the Red Deer River, a hundred miles north of Calgary. From these points •westward, into the very heart of the Rookies, outcrops are frequent, Dr. Dawson, finding upon exploration large tracts of coal -bearing rocks in the mountains themselves, of which at present the most prominent development is the anthracite region near the Cascade Creek. In southern Manitoba the Souris coal fields, the product of which is of a lignite formation, await railway communication for their ■development. SALT. Ontario. — Boring operations in search of petroleum at Goderich resulted in the discovery of a bed of rock salt 30 feet thick at a depth of 964 feet, and the boring being extended to a depth of 1,010 feet, when hard rock was met with, yielded by pumping a very pure saturated brine. Further investigations were made in the vicinity, and the fact was established that a large salt bearing basin existed in the locality, which could be profitably worked. ■• The salina formation of New York State crosses Niagara River above the Falls and enters Ontario, where i> has bean traced westward to Brantford ; thence north-east to S^ vhamptou, at the mouth of the Saugeen River, on Lake Huron j stretching thence to Goderich, where the higher beds of the series disappear. Passing thence beneath Lake Huron the outcrop reappears in Duck Islands and at th( Straits of Mackinaw. The belt of this series varies in breadth from 8 to 16 miles. A number of wells have been sunk at Goderich. At Kincardine, 30 miles north-east, salt is found at 900 feet. At Kingstone's Mills, in Warwick, 50 miles south-west of Goderich, salt is found at 1,200 feet. The principal wells, however, are those of Goderich, Clinton, Seaforth and Kincardine, the brine of great strength, /arying, according to Dr. Sterry Hunt, from 90 to 100 per cent., and the manufacture of salt by artificial heat is carried on by all of them, a large portion of the manufactured article being shipped to the United States. Quebec. — The only evidences of saline matter in this Pro- vince are such as are aff'orded by saline or mineral springs scattered through various points. over five this mine al extend ) the Red jse points frequent, iring rocks prominent /reek. In F which is for their ; Goderich ^hick at a h of 1,010 rig a very ,de in the ring basin ara River m traced 3u, at the ; thence to Passing jk Islands varies in n sunk at md at 900 th-west of I, however, , the brine t, from 90 Lai heat is lufactured this Pro- j. scattered 59 Nova Scotia — Salt is found in crystals in many of the gypsum quarries of this Province, and springs holding large quantities of it issue from their vicinity. No systematic test has ever yet been made ot the gypsum mines there at a proper depth from the surface, and tlie subject IS one worthy of sei-ious attention. SaJt has, however, been made at various times from its brine springs, and in some cases a superior quality was produced, but at present very little is done. Among the various springs the best known are those of Renfrew, Walton Salt Springs and Irish Mountain, Pictou County : Suther- PK-r" T«; -}''}}Bonish; Ohio, Baddeck, Whyhogomah, River Phi ip and Black Brook, Cumberland County. At the last named locality salt is manufactured by the Messrs. Gilroy, and is suitable *or domestic use. i^xu^r'- ^o'^jeports the water of several springs on the north side of the Little Narrows of Bras d'Or Lake, 12 miles south-west of iSaddeck, yields from two to three bushels of salt to six gallons by evapoi-ation and that vegetation is destroyed around the springs. Ihey issue from rocks lying at the base of the lower carboniferous lormation, ami much peroxide of iron is deposited in the water which comes from them. North-West Territory.— Professor Selwyn mentions several sha low saline lakes east of Pine Creek, 17 miles from the Little Saskatchewan, where the road from Prairie Portage, via the White *ik uJ!-' ^'T*'? '"• ^^®^® ^*^®« ^«»'« easily distinguishable from Af p-r «-n^ fr^ ^^^' ^y ^^^"S ^""g«d "^'^^ samphire, «a/icomta. At J^ile Hil^the same water was met with, and descending from louchwood Hills stretches out the great salt plain full of saline lakes : these are four or five miles long and occasionally from one to two miles wide. This plateau forms the watei-shed between the ^u Appelle to the south-west and Saskatchewan and Assiniboine to the north-east. Near the head of Woody Mountains and Dirt Hills are two saline lakes, the bed of one of which was covered with white salt when visited by Professor Bell. Alkaline springs were noticed by Professor Macoun on the Lower Peace and Athabasca River, and he states that all the salt used on both the Peace and Mackenzie Rivers is obtained at Salt River, a considerable stream emptying into Slave River 100 miles below Fort Chippenyan. Some distance up this river a number of brine springs are scattered over a wide plain, and around these large accumulations of excel- ent salt are deposited. The Hudson Bay Company send a boat there every autumn, and the finest of the salt is shovelled into sacks and brought away. Professor Macoun says: "Men who Jiave been there told me that the saU w of unkmwn depth am fiO half a day ti cross is rlZ^T.^ t"^J''««-.«'^lt ''eg'on which takes between Great S aVe anaK.t R "r'J* '"'^^^^ °" *''« P^'-'^ge Bait springs were met ;ithbv Z "^"'' ^^ ^'^''^^-^>'^- Lake " possess t very strong brine.''^ "' explorer, which he says Eepoftri1?5?6'Tn;t;:'^H^" "^t ^" *^^ ^-^«^-» Surve exi tin,'i„ ealclLltf on th^Mcotfn^^f ^ ^"""'^^ ^'^^^^^ vsed bv Ml' ^Tr^ifr.. V \. '^""cocm ana JNczco rivers • anal- S:l7ofsodaan^^"ll^^^^ Salt Spring Isl^t on X l^^li::^^ staf R ^^"'"^ «^' Island, possesses several salt s nrJnl „• • "^^^'"^^ ^^"J' Vancouver which it is known TirlT^'^.T^'^"^ °^ ^^^ names by from Mr. PembeHor.toco^Z^Zr^''-' ^^F-'-. q-ting gallon. Little is Sown w" ' ^''*"'' ^- '^'*^ *« *''« I'"P^>-i«I fise. '''^"' ^'°^^'«^e'-> respecting its capabilitias for PETROLEUM. I uii aione is estimated at upwards of 6,000,000 gallons. h«. hS^nTdVoItSk I? *'"' ■f'"V.'"' "''^■■» ""'•o ix""!™™ pally woiS bein, ™e wel.ril^oni.^^i' "'-^ ''""■™ '"'"- i;. the county of K?„t, and CSiir:,^LfattroH:TLa™H'''^'^^ the largest oil pvoducina fli«h.,Vf« .T ''"'^^■\^'^'^p"*. ^ Lambton, are from 400 to 500 feet Tl " f ' ^''' ■'^ '' ^^^^^'^^'^ ^'^ =* ^'^Pt'^ of carboniferous limestone oveln T ^'^ "'' i'''^' '' '' ^^""^ ^^ a also hold the ^rrl i"! ^Zl\^- '^^^y' ^^'^ S^'^^-h which latter exists in the ManTtouJin I L ^'"V'T'i. ^ Petroleum spring micalin.estone;^titwt^^^^^ ^^«^"=" ^- ^hf rising^^'mTiirD^vonln^^^^^^^ ^N^t ^^f"'"'" •^'^^^^^ ^^--^^ oozes" from the mud ^d sht^le ofth^lf f 'T-'^ '"''^'''''^ «P>-g rising through the water at hlh f? ^"^^^ ^"^ is seen in globules Tar Point to\ headllnd near bf An' tZ ^^V""'"''^^ "'""« °^ ■ii. an incon« 'hich takes le portage mter Lake ill he savs Jal Siirve^ r powder ers ; anal- rate, with Imiral or Vancouver names by , quoting Imperial ilitien for il, affords idusfcries, he home Ions. Btroleum 1 princi- iothwel], )ton, are depth of ind is a ih latter I spring I'om the bserved n spring ?Iob«Ies iiame of sists on 3 Basin. Several 61 ramcook and Dover T1.p AuJ.i- ^, Pp . ■"' 8»o''o. «ehveaii, Mem- -np^gressto ascertain if ..oces, can^otTe' obS.1„:a''ne::^f w OTHER MINERALS rae.to„e ,r„ a,DO„g the mo.t prominent, it i, MoaZ to de^» ^n,,»to_„, Zitabie for griud'irt .^ Tot „" ttrbe'st l.ITu Tnd utilized nil . ^-T'^r"' rr^ ""'^ ^"*'"«^^"'^^ •^«»'th« are found the County of B nor'n /" • ^"'^! ^°"^^"^« '^'"^ manufactured in ine oounty of Bruce, Ontario, and Professor CliaDman savs thev " compare tavouraldy witJi the bathbrick of England and esoocialv ly^efu for scouring purposes." Precious stones \ro not waTnL to close the hst, amongst which may be mentioned the ag^^^^^^^^ and amethysts of Lake Superior, tho Luter romarkS for^ t e r Th7 al-WEXoT'^^H'"™ """^ '''^"•^ ^'-^ --h admired in Eu 1 vir. „ ^1 '^u'^'" '^"*^ considerable quantities home, and one very handsome amethyst was divided into two and placed in the crown of one of the French Kings. Garnets are common Tn the gdd dis nets associated with the rocks holding that metal. V"o az faid LoiZinTrT-ZToe^^'" f r- -. Lwn at the exhS^ n J^ondon m 1672 Rock crystal is common in the older rocks BlonrJ PRiNCE EDWARD ISLAND. No rainei-als have yet been discovered in this Province in suf ficient quantities to be of economic importance. The prevailing rock IS a reddish sandstone, but a large part of the surface alluv al ^rlTfSl^''^™ ''-'''■ ^'^ ^^'y "^--'^ - ^et known tS^ « ffi {^^^—I\«d hematite in concretions at Gallas Point and vicinitv Sufficient might be gathered on the beach to afford a smalladditrnai supply to aa iron furance, but not to warrant any independent enterprise. Bog iron is occasionally found in swamps '^^^P'^^^^<^ 63 Copper.-Qvey sulphide occurs iu concetions in a sandstone at Governors laiami, nssociutod with green carbonate, but in incon- siderable quantities. Mangam8e.—1\m occurs in concretions like bog iroTi in swamr)S in different parts of the island, but not in any quantity to render it ot importance. No other minerals are known in Prince Edward Island. l:5uildinfi and limestones are found and there are larce doiwrtits of peat. * PRODUCTS OF TIT (5 MINE, 1884, The following table, taken from the Trade and Navigation Returns for 1883-84, shows the exports of produce of the mines in Canada for that year : — ._, --, Value. 451 631 tons cf Coal |1, 201,1 12 155,851 " Gypsum 160,607 132 " Antimony 4,855 1,677 " Copper 214 044 25,3C8 " Iron 66,641) 885 " Manganese 15,851 21,471 " Phosphates 453,322 37 " Silver 12,920 Gold bearing Quartz 952,'l31 Salt 181,742 bushels 17,'408 Oil raiueral, crude 325,461 gallons 7,043 " " refined 2,102 " 503 ^•ate 364 tons 11,446 Stone and Marble 12,954 " 52,478 Sand and Gra /el 61,575 " 14152 Other articles 62 6ii Total $3,247,092 CONCLUSION. The short description in the above pages of the minerals of th& Dominion, and their localities by provinces, will show the most casual reader that Canada possesses wealth enough below the soil to enrich nob only its own population but all who may join with us in disinterring this wealth. Capital only is necessary in most cases to make mining productive. As the miuerul resources ber me developed the agricultural capabilities must in due course ' stimulated' manufactures and commerce spring up, and a numerous and thriving population gain their living by an industry as yet only in its infancv ID. the Dominion of Canada.