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 .^SvS ?°?ii,"l". N«w York- 14609 USA *'' 
 
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 ;^- THE] OlE^EAT 
 
 Province of Ontario. 
 
 Ii\ 
 
 ITS CLIMATE AND i PRODUCTS. 
 
 Pablisbed ¥r Inthority of the GoYemmeiit of the ProYinee of 
 < Ontario. 
 
 .( '1 
 
 '^ IntandiUg ■ettlert or parties desirous of further iniormatiod relating to Ootaria can 
 1 » procure Pamphlets, Maps, &c., &c, by applying to 
 
 Toronto, Ontario, 
 
 COMMISSIONER OP IMMIGRATION FOR THE PROYIKOH 0»i 0NT1.RT0, 
 
 . 6 South Castle Street, Liverpool, 
 
 EMIGRATION AOENT FOR THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO, 
 
 aZPOSITOB PBINT, BRAVTrORD, OHYARIO. 
 
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 CANADA. 
 
 "■ !■ 
 
 The Great Province of Ontario. 
 
 ., >- 
 
 ITS CLIMATE AND PRODUCTS. 
 
 - • KXTENT OK THK DOMINJfoN OF CANADA. 
 
 The Doiniaioii of C&natia, thu must proiiiifiiit|^ field in th« wliole wurld, for fiinignttion, 
 tniibraccs uii urea of -uttarly four iiiillion squuru iiiiles and is tlmntforu us large ab Aith«r 
 Europe or the Unite<l States. It extwids over as many degrees of latitude oh, thcniin 
 between Ijondon and xOaleutta, andymeui^ureH u U-iigtIi of three ,^thous}iiid six hundred 
 miles fi'om Cape Breton in the eo^ to Alaska in the noith-west. tVoiii south to north 
 it reaches froui the paJ-jJU'l of 42/rthe hititbde of Home in Italy — U> its northern liuuts 
 in the islands off tho northern yfast, or across a breadth uf w,700 miles. It is washed i>y 
 three great oceans. In the grandeur of its physical features the Doiiiiuion is 8ur|)asse<jt 
 by no country on the face of the glolH>. Immense mountain' ranges, vast plains of forest 
 covering millions of square miles a,nd furnishing a practically exhaustless supply of 
 wealth, fertile' prairies largf; enough in them^lves to form a niighty empirej great rivers, 
 many of them larger tliah the DanUbe, and cbuntless lakes, some as large us European 
 Kingdoms — all these are iuiposuig cliaracteristies of Canada, the greater portion of whose 
 territory is yet awaiting settlement 
 
- Wk-J" 
 
 THE CLIMATES OF THE DaMINION 0*" CANADA. 
 In • tsrritory bo vnafc wido HitfflrancpR of climate muit prevaH. Th« miinninr c1ini»t« 
 of Francfl extends ovor a brftadth of sovtiral hundrwl iiiiloii from N«w , Hrunnwick into 
 9 British Oolumhia, and north of thin a similar Uih enjoys ^Bummer aa wann as that of 
 England, but drior. Thrt wheat Udt which has a narrow limit on the Atlantic, extends 
 towards the w»«t, far northward, reaching the sixtieth parallel in the Mackenzie Iliver 
 Valley, wlulo Iwirley ripisna on the Arctic circle. On the great plains east of the Kooky 
 Mountains, the grain ImjU covers a breadth of over one tliousaikcl miTes^ ^The winters also 
 vary greatly, though almost every wliere they are cold. In the Maritim.* Provinces they 
 are mitigated by the Athintic, and in Ontario by the neighborhood of the great lakes and 
 by the southern latitude. - In Manitoba and the whole north-west, ^excepting a distriot 
 bordering on the Kocky Mountains, the frost is intense, but owing to the dryness of the 
 atmosphere is not only endurable, but during most of the seoBon is actually enjoyable. 
 In Vancouver Island and on the liritish Columbian coast, owing to the presence of Kuro 
 Siwo or Gulf Stream o{ the PaciHc, whicl\ favorably offects the far interior prairien of 
 the Saskatchewan, the winters are as mild as in the south of England and more equable. 
 The summers are cool, resembling those of northeru England, but on the higher lands of 
 the interior they are hot while the winUti* are cold. The northern shores of Canada 
 from Labrador to the mouth of the Mackenzie possess an inhospitable climate, and will 
 n«ver sustain more than a very scanty population. 
 
 THE PROVINCE OF ONTAHIO. 
 
 The Province of Ontario is not only froni its position, resources and water power, likely 
 to continue to im the workshop for the manufacturers of the Dominion, but it possesses a 
 climate superior to that of any other Oonotlian Province and not inferior to the most 
 favored climates in America. It extends from south to north over a distance of seven 
 hundred miles, or from the parallel of forty-two degrees -that of Rome-to the parallel 
 of Hfty-two degrees on James Bay, a latitude still Houth. of that of Birmingham. From 
 near the mouth of the Ottawa in tllfe i^t to the Lake of the Woods in the west it moar 
 sUres a length of nearly 1,100 miles. The orea embrocetl within its very irregulor 
 boundaries is al)out 200,000 square miles— a territory 80,000 square miles larger than 
 the United Kingdom, 1,700 squart; mile.* larger than France, equal to the combinetl areas 
 of Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, Portugal and Italy and only 12,000 square miles 
 amaller than the whole Gennon Empire. The southern extremity lies as far south as the 
 ^extreme northern jmrt of Ohio and Pennsylvania, antl leaves in aniore northern latitude 
 "nearly the whole of New- York, Michigan and the New England States. The parallel 
 which cuts the, extreme south of the Province ptts.s.s( through the north of Portugal and 
 Spain and tjie center of Italy and Turkey, leaving Greece the only country iii Enroiw 
 entirely in a moio southern latitude than Ontario. Along the extensive -houthern and 
 western l)order of flie Province, tempering Ijoth the summer and winter climates, lie those 
 vast inland «eas. Lakes Ontario, Erie, Huron and Superior, the last alone lorgerthan 
 the whole of Scotland. These lakes with the rivers and canals connected with them form 
 a system of inland navigation unsurpassed in the world. 
 
 The Laurentian Mountains, which run from east to wiest northward of the great lakes 
 and rivers draining into them, noturoUy divide the Province into two sections, the souths 
 ern and larger one whibli comprises an area of alwut 130,000 square miles, containing a 
 
 
 "•!<► 
 
 /:■ 
 

 <• <► 
 
 popuffttion of two intllioiitt, «n(I aflbrflitig Bbttnclaiit fooin for nintiy inillioim ttmtc This- 
 largn territory <>inl>rac«M mi intinotiMt nxtiMit of fortilt) laiid mi wliitlitM'Ofiiltitntcil Kllthi< 
 Krainn of th<t U*iiip<tF»t« «>n« and Mworal productH of thti trnprca. U in u luxd of t'riiitv 
 and |iro<iuoittt al)Uii(iaut cro|m of grapt-H, pt'at-licH, appU'M, toniato«>N, iiit^<lon)t, iiud do/ciiH of 
 otliiT fruitH, Thtt nioro iiortlicni dlntrii-tH nlmtiiid in «uhmlili< piiio fonwth, and' d<'|HM«itN 
 of ^old, iiilvnr, iron, copper and othor vuluahl« uiinnralH wliich cuntrihutc litr^fl^^to tlit> 
 wiHalth of thfi country. Tlw climate vuritw itccordin^ tu latituilr, I'litvation or pmition 
 with refuretn-o to th«' Krt'at lakcn, but in i^viTywlicrw luliiptt'd in a m'T^ hx^U d«'(»rrM- to 
 grain aad fruitgrowing and to tint dovclopnicnt of phyHicai w<.*ll iN'iiig. In tin* <'xti'cni<* 
 nortl>-ww»t«rn part — b*tweeii th« Lako of-thtt WootU and liiikn HuiM-rior - tin' warinth of 
 suniuier and thu bright and bracing but ii)t<>nHti cold of wintiT iipproxiniat«< tlio (liiiutto 
 of tho Prbviucu of Maiiitolta adjoining to tht; wcHt Along liikc 8u|H<rior, however, tlu' 
 open Watttm of that viiMt row'rvoir, greatly t^iinpi-r the frost of winti'r and nnluce tim 
 Hunininr hitat athioHt to Englinh uoohn^H. In th«) extruniii i-oiit, bt'tweuii tlm riverit 
 Ottawa and Ht Liwreiice, th« lakti inlluencM isi.'nftt greatly felt and the winterH ai'iM-ohi, 
 .Ht«ady, bright and pluiutaiit, while the HUiiiilierH (tre decidedly hot. In ctiniute, thin hcc- 
 tioii r^uinblcH Montreal and tlie northern part .of tho n«-ighlM)ring Htati* of New York. 
 11|o large lakodiKtrict enjoyH milder winterH and Kuninient varying from thomi of Houth 
 em Kranct! and Northern Italy to thoHe of Pari^ TIun district, with KaHttTrn Ontario, 
 induduH alinoHt the whole population of the Province, and U'sideH a large iiunilMir of "free 
 grant" towiiHhips, several thousand square miles awaiting survey. To the north and 
 west, however, settlers are pushing, and seviiral thousiinds have already found homes in 
 the Province bt^yond the great triangle formed by the Ottawa lliver and tin* Ijakes. 
 
 EJUOtAl INFLUENOE OK THE iJREAT tAKEK ' 
 
 The lake inV^i?6e is very uiSrked at all seasons. _ The winter isothermal of twenty -live 
 degrees, curves northward from the Highlands of Pennsylvania to l^ake Ontdrio antt.^ 
 crossing the Province to Lake Huron north of the forty-third parallel, iMmds gradually 
 to the south as it leaves the lake region, till in Missouri it reachcH the paraUel of forty 
 degrees. The winter Isothermal of the iiorth .shore of I^ake Huron is found tlit'ee 
 hundred miles further south i|i the Mississippi VaUey on the we^t and two hundied 
 and fifty miles further south in the New England Htatt^s un the east. Bruce Minei,, on 
 the nortli shore is as mild in winU-r as Omaha; Niagara a^ New York City. The 
 contrast with Eastern Ontario is eijually well markt^l. The county of Ksse^ on liaku ' 
 Erie is as muchwamer in winter than Ottawa, as Memphis, T44ine».see, is warmer than 
 Essex, yet, the difl'erence in latitude between the two Ontario places is only tlirpe degre<(s 
 or a little over 200 miles, while jietween E.SHex and Memphis it is seven degn^fs oi nearly 
 oOO miles. In spring, the winds from the lakes, which heat niori'^ )4owly than the land, 
 delay the full opening of the season, but not iikjuriously, Is-cause the cli^ck given tb 
 vegetation till warm weather sets into the northward as well as to the south, often : 
 prcivonts damage from untimely frosts jpxptirienced^ elsewhere, when plants have advanced 
 to a critical stage. In summer the lake influence is as noticeable as in wint(!>r, the lalre 
 region being protected from the continental influence which raises the teliiperature of 
 the Mississippi Valley on the same parallel several degrees higher than in seini insular 
 Ontario!. If spring is delayed by tlie cold lake winds, ample compensation is aflbrded in 
 autumn, the lakes, slow to cool after the summer heats, continuing tl)e mellow Fall '■ 
 
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 w(«tii(ir wiitm thi* MiMiiwt|i|ii Vitllny in tin* miuii ktitudf U fnoling thti tint rud« 
 **in>)rarf*H o( wiiitit|-, ■...-. 
 
 COMI'AHATIvi': FKKKDO.M KHO.M KXTHKMKH, 
 
 j{Jor in^ tliiN'tttI tho OiitHi-io clhiiattv owtm to tlif (iri'iit lMk»%. KrottU which 
 |il-i<Miil fiii'thor Hoiith Hi'v often |in'>('nt<tl luul th<i rupid iind HonictinK'H trying chungcKof 
 t(ini(H>iiaur« cliuract^'iiNtic oK much ' of thv I'nitt'd Stat«*H und Ounudu utn h^im 
 ' f«)lt only in n UMNtifii-d di-i^nt;. ' Am) not only in n-Koril to itnnual liui mIno in regard to 
 dikily iixtiimiitN. tiu> lake rajfinw ik ni<ir<> t*-iDjNfhU<i tinu) any othur inlnnd [tortion of 
 Anuirii!!! further north thui) i\liHMiHHi|>|ii, AlulAniu or the (JitrolinitH -hihI euHt of tho 
 IjLocky MountMins. The' rwort) for two yeiirM of the Aniericun weuthi*r service mIiow that 
 of ovttrono hundre<l inland HtutionN Heh!et«'d troni the weHtt^rii, north <>UHtei-n, nii<ldUv nortk- 
 •irn and eOMternyituteM and the ('aiiudtanl'rovineeM, Ontario Mtalioim arc the oidy unm 
 wiituh do no( hIiow u ehan;{e of forty de^'rtw'H or more in ten4)ef(iture within twnnty-four 
 Jioujit^ Muuy of tile NttttioiiM whoMt rtuiorcU hav4> Immhi «>^anune4l nhow Huvh vhaagti* 
 fi-onr twenty to Hixty tinu-H in a Hin^ie year. Kven iw fur south um Texas tluMut^rcury 
 has l)e«in known tQ full within u few hours, front eighty ih^mrtH^w in the shocK- to fourtttun 
 degroi'H of ttmt. 
 
 ■\ VVHA'i' ONTAUIO WINTKKH ARK LIKK. 
 
 'Ilm duration of winter in Ontario is aliout four months, though it vuriek iv little in 
 dift'erent parts. In Eastern Ontario it eonnni'nees in the latter half of NovendsT awl 
 doses in the beginning of April. In' Mouth- westfirn Ontai'io it is a fi'w weeks shorter. 
 At Ottawa thft nieffury falls almost e\ei^ wi.nt«'r to thirty^U'greeH ImiIow zero, or evim 
 Iow*)r, and the uH-an of the three mid-winter ntffntlis is only tifteon degrees aliove zero. 
 In .Tsronto the averagi- lowest point, rejii'lied during tin; year is tw<'lvi« degretis lielow 
 zoroJand the mean of Dei-endter, -lanuury and Fohruary is nearly twenty -live degnws 
 lioyn zwo. .j^jVarlouH points on Lake Huron it usually falln little, or not at all, ImiIow 
 Z4VV0, and in tlie southern eounties the wiiitt-r mean varies from twenty-live to thirty 
 degrees. 'Everywhere, however, the season iff^ltright, liraeing and pleasant. Sometimes 
 the sky is iloudh'HS for days or w»lf'k«< together. The oceosional extremely oolil jmriods 
 rarcily |a.st nKih; tliCin three days, iiiid ar»5 almost in varial)ly dry, bright and ealni, with A 
 great range of temperatunt iM'twej^n day and uiglit. The void is not felt to nearly th« 
 extent that people in moister cl/mates would iunigine, and a walk of half a mile hare- 
 handed «v«-n with the mercury twfinty below zero, often causes no uni)U'asant fueling of cold. 
 In fact that tempi-ratun- seems ni^ colder than tw<'r»ty degrees alioVe zero generally do«>« 
 in Hritain. Thi> (explanation iii f<nin<l in'^i- dryness of the atmo>^>liere not alistractijig 
 from the body thelieftt which would be absorbwl by a more humid air. Hnovir He>t oii the 
 ground to a dt^pth of froiii several inches to two or three feOt, forgi'eatly varying perjods, 
 and except tH'casionally when sjmw <lrift.s prove tnmblesome, the snow covered roads are 
 goo(l and the sledges glifhi along rapidly to the music of the sleigh kefl.s. The commenco- 
 nient of the sleighing sea.<ioniS; hailed with delight, businiv'ss is revived; the grain is readily 
 nmrkiited, aiid in fact almost (tvery operation re<|uiring good roads is greatly facilitated. 
 Unfortunately, the whole of Ontario does not deserve the reputation for 8leighing?#!iich 
 current notivyt* abroad regarding the Caiuulian winter give it In Eastern Pntario 
 8leij,diing usuuHy lasts frcnn three to four ntouths and is depended upon as a prominent 
 feature. M every winter, But towards the south- west, \ihe mighing season gradually 
 
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 further nuutji niul w«"<t, only ii Cow ilay*.' Or«»tt«ioi,mMy wintiTH inws witli)Mit iiiiy oli'iuK 
 itijK. Ti'in)NTnttir( iH lilt' loiifVcilliiiK I'ltiiM* of (Ii)) i*kiMttii{{. (liH'ir'nrKHt luit iit>l iljcnnly 
 on<>, for )n> tin* •■itit '«iil<* 'if Ijikf Huron (lii> niilil ti*nt|H'rittUr<^ <ifN*N not |ir<'Vi'iit ^ir Aiuit 
 winrtn - i'lM'whfrt' ilrv -from uutln'ritm nioi>ttrtr»'*fro(ii (Iw ()|M>n wiiti>r» of n!i*"1n>.i' uikI 
 (li>pnMitini; tiiiit inoiHtiirc on tli>i lumC Tin' H|ci;;|iini< si-nson omt niiii'h of i\u- lliirniiiuiil 
 tiomiriun liny «li>»tri«t gcnirully \ikK\j hourly flii«'i' iixxtthK. 
 
 'niJfwihti'r, unfortinmti'ly. in nfjt.tto Htfiutily roli) ftvcr tin' wholi- l.'roviuif lut it i^^ii 
 ftii- riyit^rn ruxl nortlii-rn |uirl'<, wluTf only ofiuHionnl tJiuttK ((fi-nr <liirinii; tin- lii'tulit 
 uf tilt* MtWion. ()\<-r Hpiithi'rii unil Mxitli wvi^ti'rn nntnrio, in^Bit «t inti-rx, flmwin^ uu'l 
 IffH^ziuK Vvfttlu-r iilt<-rnutc I'vt-ry fi'w tiny* iir \vm>kH, un<l ti>ni|H>ruturi-N \<t ulirt*!' fifty 
 ilf»>{r«H>j^ i*«' rfftchiMl. In Hovt-rul wM.'tionK, tin* iiortnuhuU'liiiMTHt.uri' of niiilthty iii 
 wijjtf't iti »«^v<*nil ili';i[Wf"( uliovc tin- fri«i'zin>{ point. Tli«Vjw(inti"rN ilifffr in dilliTi'iit yoiivi*. 
 pi' iinti hium uif iil>HVii(. : jiloM^fliinK i«t i-vcn farrtfil <rn in l^milwr ftiul 
 Jauunry. an&iil ttt»- wuriiicHt piu'tH^Jlfiwi+n hiiyt' ItjiMiiiitMl iil liii'il \viuti'i'*iii tin* ojjt'ii aiiV-L 
 and l»uttj'r(li<'!t Kiiaki-s uml fnw ^l*«lip» iiiit<l<' tlM'ir «p|ifiuiinit'. 'rin- (••ddi-A y<'nr on r<M'oril 
 ill Ontario closwl with u day oi^ wmcli a tcnipt-rutiui' of w>fnty onv dt'HrtM'n in t^jv tliad*; 
 WftH reiU'lifd. , % ' '< . 7 
 
 ' NotKithstnndWiK' ln>W«'vi'r. t)io tivawliackh I'SfMrii-Nti'd iu tin- warnit'r wftioiiH from fftt" 
 Hhorthf'HH (jT'tJn'^ WtinliiKK p<'rio<l aii<l tlftoo friMjiicnt mildm-ss of tlif litinoHplH'n'. thr 
 wint*r S^'ftsoit rviV^vlifii' is I'linht, pit'ttsanf and roniparativi'ly dry. Owin^ to tlic Hoiitli 
 ««ni lfttitHt1«; of tfij' ll'rovinrc -uliiir»t^ tlM' rutin? |M^>ulntion livin^j tiirtliPr uoiitli than 
 LyniiH In Franc?^ |hf\vint(rr dayn an- niiifh lonjfcr than 'in Itritiiin, a fart whirh «ontri 
 butw* to tlu' •■lH'«»rftilm1j»H of thf M»»n»u)n. ' \ . *. 
 
 ^.,\ yf^RINt! JK ONTAHIO. 
 
 ^ ■ ■ S ' f ■ .'■ - .■ ■■ ■■■•■■ 
 
 rtprinj? is almost Iwmi^u'cl from tlir cyclt" ot" tlic scuMonH in Ontario: In tin* warmer 
 partH it lM'),iils nonu'tinH's^in Mareli; sometimes not ^iil-tlie l)ej;inniiiK of April. In the 
 ■oldpr distrii'ts it ^arf-sts r^;>rtli siiddiMily in the lief,'inniri(,' of. the latter month and hiiow 
 And ic<' diKapp<>af in a jii-esVet of imp<isinj{ iharaeter. Vi-j,'eta(lni| eonuneneeti Ktiddenly 
 and proKr«'Hses withyi vifjor R»irprisin>j to people from Mritaiii ^iml Western Kiirope. Tlie 
 Ottawa country in "^yhielr. the winters are se\eie soon lieeoines im* warm its' South 
 Wofttom Ontario. K\\rywU«re the hejjinnin;,' or middh' i>f .May ushers in tlu' Kumfnor, 
 and tomperatuiW of ei]D(Vy defjrees in Hie slmfle'niul KometimeH ninety (h-jjrws, or evf4i 
 highor, are pxporieiioofl. 'v 
 
 / 
 
 A«fON(V AND KKAUTIKUI- SlTMMKlt. 
 
 Tho Ontario sinilmer is HrarofJjt sui'piiBwd l>y that of anr'land. The rcg'ular storui 
 rftiiu eeaBc almost out irt-ly fi'«)m .yay till Septemiwr, leavin;/ vej,'etatioii to Ih" refreslu'd; 
 by thcVhripf but copious KJioWers vhi-h fall iu Hugo drops duriii}; the thunder storms 
 whidli are ifraud and improssiv»j m a dej'roe unkno^^il in Kritain. The skies are Italia>i 
 Ittjiiieir l)Oftuty, of an iutonse Mue and of Reoliiingly iumieasuralile dopth. SgrnetiuioH 
 daj^'ufter day passps of uninterrupted sorc^ty and uncloudjxj azuro— more often tho'bbe 
 iV interrningled with huge jfiilos of fleecy ^louds toweriiig to an immense height and 
 ^isplayifTg an inexpressibly glorioic»*eloudlarid, through which the sun sets with a niajl^ 
 infiwnw rnr«ly apprfw^hed evi»n in Italy. /rhe»R Bunnets morp than atone for the short- 
 
 •r 
 
 ■'» .*«^ 
 
 \ 
 
 \^ 
 
i' 
 
 tltgraM \mtotv niuniihg, mtul th«" »v<«nkgt< iiightijr iiitnimum of July, rvrn in tho wkmiMt 
 pMTta of the Proyinc«», is only m littlo «liov«i Rixty cIcgraM. Along thu Uk«« tkorM, • Uko 
 »iw»«K by (Uy and « kntl lirM'in hy night t^inp^- the w«nnth of th« Mwaoa In Mvurd 
 lot-nlitini ft light ho*r fnmt aoiniitimwi occ-un fsrly in Jun<>, hut in rftniiy vrry ii^uriooa. 
 IIOMT frorti MW ftgftin «X|Mri«>nre(I in HnptAnilirr, hut ■omo Mwtion* ftrr naoftUy f^M 
 from front from thi« Wmt of May till Octolwr. 
 
 TIIK FALLHEAHON IN ONTARIO. 
 Autumn i* tcarcwly lean Uautiful thwi auniinnr. In Oftobcr, thn daya ar«> of a gt^nial 
 Vftrmth and thwnighta cool and rrfrMhing. T^ trc^raaaauma a Itrilliancy of color unknown 
 in EuroiM», and ovor the landiu'ap«>, flanhing in nrimaoh, yr>llo](r, pink, gr««n and gold, th«i 
 •un nhim's with a mt-llow radiaiici' through th« faint, purple mitt which filla th« atmoa 
 pfiero and iniparta to thfl outUnoa of nvury diatant ohjmt a aoftntwa In atriking contnut 
 with thii diatinctnnM gem^rally notic<>al>ln in Hne wpathnr during noat of thn y<«r, 
 Thmi thf autumn winda rian and liroak from timn to tini« tln> iK-ninity of haturr. Th*t 
 (pAvim fall, nud aa Novemb«>r paaa«a, vi>getation ainka into ita wint«>r rcat HomHimaa 
 
 • mow fftlla in Octolwr, hut it mvlta in • f«w hnun. Hom^timra thp firat flakea are not 
 8e«n until Nuv«<uiI)«t Thia month ia oftt>n dull and eom|>aratively gloomy, but without 
 fog, though i|uite oa fr«<iuently the leaden clouda and thi> long raina are baniahed by the 
 genial Indian lummor daya which make the Canadian autumn celebrated The amaU 
 ponda usually receive their first temporary coating of ice, before the end of the month 
 
 • at leaat, but open, and fin« warm weather, in a6uth-weat«m OntJu-ie, in particular, often 
 loata w«ll into Dee«mih«r. 
 
 ' » 
 
 -*--.T' 
 
 ■I •*:. 
 
 %^'J^ •■^.^ 
 
 ■^*-, 
 
 ■« i»- 
 
 ■.1?»'-Jr;«^ 
 
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•imllarity lwiw«m tliM vkitmiyimf OnUurh Mid KurofM^n vliimkltw. Th(< rtKurm fnr 
 Oii^rio covw H\i' yji<y<(-^\>^1 ilH «iul ant (-(Hiiitiliti from th«< r«H-iinl» of Uin iiirt«)f«>. 
 -loMiciil •••rvict' u( '<fMHMU.-....1!}|i> Kuru|M«rt tl|(ur«« »ri* trmn llltiilKittt, th«> AiiifruMi 
 nirU'MrologUt, * 
 
 ■uRori. 
 
 (trmnwich. 
 
 York 
 
 KdirtlHirgh, 
 l)uhliii . . . 
 
 Ruchamct . 
 Viniina... . 
 Ii«rliii . . . . 
 Munich.. . . 
 
 ONTARIO. 
 
 A 
 
 Wiiidkor . 
 Uoderich 
 FlMnilton . 
 Toronto.. , 
 Oontwi^l . 
 
 54* I 
 
 A4 A 
 
 •ftO .1 
 
 fti » 
 
 ftH I 
 
 m a 
 
 63 I 
 
 lid a 
 
 ft7 « 
 
 AH I 
 
 ft2 » 
 
 Rft ft 
 
 Rt) 6 
 
 54 I 
 
 Vf^;^ 
 
 i>^: 
 
 ftS 3 
 
 \fl(5 
 
 «1 2 
 
 fly T 
 
 6'i ft 
 
 67 ft 
 
 6.) :t 
 
 62 I 
 
 m 1 
 
 64 .» 
 
 66 
 62 
 6A 
 
 July. AHKtMt >(f|itiiiiilM«r. 
 
 ftO'fi 
 62*0 
 
 ftH 
 61 
 
 6ft 6 
 
 6H 
 70 
 6ft 
 61' 
 
 62' 7 
 
 7:» 
 
 69 3 
 
 7.1 8 
 
 69 
 
 70 4 
 
 61 
 56 
 61 
 6rk 
 6ft 2 
 70 
 61 4 
 64 I 
 
 71 I 
 
 6H ,7 
 
 71 ri 
 
 68 
 
 68 9 
 
 rtM* 
 
 ft.'V 7 
 
 fta I 
 
 ft« ft 
 
 «M) I 
 
 ft« w 
 
 61 U 
 
 ftM 4 
 
 58 I 
 
 6:( 
 
 61 
 63 
 59 
 59 
 
 (K'tolmr, 
 
 47*4 
 
 48 2 
 4H 8, 
 
 50 1 
 52 2 
 
 49 ,1 
 
 51 2 
 49 9 
 49 2 
 
 50 
 
 4t» ft 
 
 49 
 
 46 ft 
 
 45 4 
 
immmtii aiii) m.' i.|.ni.,{ w-u^.h, »ni|,c.,wH. — In IW houOk rn |>artK nil tlim nortlM-rn •u-.tiott, 
 
 ~7 
 
 h«' .liiimt.' w iiiuih iiuliU'r mul ri'iu<iiilil«<ii UiAt of MiiJH<'ciit |MrtH of tU.- Ht l^wn'iK<i> 
 
 IJHKAT VAHI^rrY OK FKOIH iTIONR x 
 
 A|Mrt, hitwfvnr, 'frniii th«» rii-«inlH of <:*<iii|M>rutiirf, th«i proitMt'tM «*f th«t 
 )(n«t<r |»«)rtirtii of UriMrK) fumiiih ifHivinciiig tnttiiiiony to thf cxuKilfiiiw of lli.- > liinatt*. 
 VVh.at, iiii^> AtKl «|>|tl«fi ,{n>w in ..vi<ry county uiid »t mII itlitvationM. In iM.vor»l 
 Noutht-ni fountii-M ni&ixx in an ini|MirtMne (n»|) un4 yirtdn a hi*avii<r avrraifo |»*»r iwrf than 
 in KaiuM, MiMHiuri or lllinoiik WaU.rnn'l.inii ami toniato«Hi gniw to pttririH.'tion and th«* 
 latt«»r an aliundantly ait t«» l»»< hoW at b-n jn'n«'«» a LuhHi-I. 'Hm* <•><« pluiit, nwi-nt p<)tat*s' 
 
 ra|tnicuni and otlwr ht-nii tni|Mi-al v)*t(t<taliltm are aniing tli«< tonin vi<){ttta>>li'H in Monif 
 
 |«rta. 'T\w t a|>Ni. uni ^niwii «Hr*ry wht>r<*. 'Hih y(n,fn in found lluuriMhinK In all |M»rts of th.> 
 Provinett aM far om agricultural iM>ttli>iu«<ni<i y«t yiUw\, and wild varintim onitonit' of tln« 
 inland rivcnt hid*' tint tn-*-* with tlmir far Mpn-ailinx *'"•'«■ ^in\\H^ )^rowin>{ iit very 
 protitahlf in uiany lo««liticN and n-quinm litth' .ar.-. It haM yi.'!(l(>d aH inuth aH <HH() an 
 a»TM in a HiuKlc waMon. Thu HtandanI variittiiw in-v.^r fail to product* a ko«kI crop in 
 many <l»Htrict*t, and !ar>{i' vincyanU an- iN-coininK <<»mni<»n in wvcral wi<l<'ly H»'piirati'd 
 •M'ctiona. Kvnn the far faniwl (Jatawlw win*t '\% an article of Ontario |M-o<luctiou. though 
 limited to thp very warnumflocalitifiii. Ontario wii^hh b»v« won diplouian at Paris and 
 ' •Iw'whorK, and win«i niakin^ proniiMdM to iHtconio mt«> oftlln niont important induHtrien. 
 'I'ho p««ih of Houthorn Ontario iH tHjual to any on tin* continnnt The (|uaiititii>H hoM ar.' 
 (tnormoUH, liiid th« market in rapidly incnwHin^. P» luh orchordH of from .1,000 to 10,000 
 trww an* numeroug. Sonin varietitw of thin fruit are ijrown in th»« inlknd counti)^ at an 
 
 A 
 
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 >V-~«-i 
 
A 
 
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 1 1 
 
 J I 
 
 H^i 
 
Th« eoflv fllm«d h«#« Hm b—n rnQtoducit ttimnkn 
 to t^ ovfivrosity of: 
 
 » 
 
 ArdilVM of Ontario 
 
 Toronto 
 
 Tho imagoo appooring Koro ara th« baat quality 
 poaaibia conaMaHng tha condition and laglbllity 
 of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha 
 filming contract spaclflcatlona. 
 
 Original coplaa In printad papar covara 9n fllmad 
 baglnning with tha front covar mn4 andlng on 
 tha laat paga with a pHntad or IHuatratad impraa- 
 •Ion, or tha back covar whan approprlata. All 
 othar original coplaa ara fllmad baglnning on tha 
 firat paga with a printad or IHuatratad impcaa- 
 alon. and andlng on tha laat paga with a printad 
 or IHuatratad impraaalon. 
 
 tha laat raeordad frama on aach microfleha 
 •haN contain tha symbol -^(moaning "CON- 
 TINUEO"K or tha aymbol ▼ (maaning "|NO"h 
 whichavaff appliaa. 
 
 Mapa, plataa. charta, ate., ifiay ba fllmad at 
 diffarant roductiofi ratloa. Thoaa too larga to ba 
 antlraly includad in ona axpoaura ara fllmad 
 baglnning In tha uppar laft hand comar, laft to 
 right and top to bottom, aa many framaa aa 
 raqulrad. Tha following diagrama illMtrata tha - 
 lathod: ' '. ,• 
 
 
-::":> 
 
 tuc«d tftanks 
 
 Mt qualltv 
 d legibility 
 ithth« 
 
 ■ tr* filmad 
 idlng on 
 tad ifiiprM- 
 lata. All 
 ling on tho 
 impcoo- 
 I a printad 
 
 3lleha 
 g "COM- 
 "8N0"). 
 
 L'axamplaira fllm4 fut raproduit grica A la 
 g4n4ro«it« da: \ 
 
 Archill of Ontario ' 
 Toronto 
 
 Laaimagaa suivantaa ont «t* raproduitaa avac la. 
 phM grand soin. compta tanu da la condition at 
 da la nattat* da I'axamptaira film*, at 1% 
 eonformiti avac laa condttiona du contrat da 
 fllmaga. 
 
 U 
 
 Laa aRamplairaa originaux dont la eouvartura an 
 papiar aat imprim4a sont filmAa mn comman^nt 
 par la pramiar plat at wt 'tarminant soit par la . - 
 dami^ra paga qui eonifiorta una amprainta 
 dlmpraaalon ou dllluatradon. tok par la aacond 
 plat, iaion la eaa. Toua la«^autraa axampiairaa 
 odginaux sont fllm4a an commandant pac la 
 pramiAra paga qui eomporta una amprainta 
 dlmpraaalon ou dllluatratlon at w tarminant par 
 la damitira paga qui comport^ una taila 
 . aiiipfaliita> . . - ' . 
 ■ ■^■r- , ■ '.■: •,;.:■ :■;, -■... ; ; : ■ ■■■■ 
 
 Un daa avmboiaa suivants a&araftra sur la 
 damlAra imaga da ehaqua microficha. talon l a ■ 
 ^am: la symbola -i^ signiHa "A SUIVRE". la 
 aymbola ▼ algnifia "I^IN^ 
 
 lad at 
 urga to ba 
 ilmad 
 r, laftto 
 laa aa 
 ratatlia - 
 
 Laa eartaa. planchaa. tablaaux. ate:, ppuvant ««ra 
 fiim4a A daa taux da rMuction diff«rants. 
 Lorsqua la documant aat trop grand pour Atra 
 japroduit 1% un saul elicM. il aatTilm* « partir 
 da I'iingla aupMaur gaucha. da gaucha 4 droita. 
 af da haut an baa. an pranant la nombra 
 d'Imagaa nAcaaMira. Laa diagrammaa suivants. 
 iNuatrant la m4thoda. 
 
 
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MKaoconr moiuTiON tbt chait 
 
 lANSI oAd ISO TMT CMA»T No. 2) 
 
 
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 Inc 
 
 1653 toil Main SIrnI i • 
 
 RochMl.r. N,, vorl.- I4«09 USA 
 (/(S) 48J-8300-Phpr, '■ ■ 
 
 (718) 2M-SM»-.t(ii ■ ;. 1 
 
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 1.1^' 
 
 ':^fNAT)MM 
 
 THE a- RH AT 
 
 Province of Ontario. 
 
 ITS GLiMATK AND l»RODIJCTS. 
 
 Published fry <lathority ^of the Oovernmertt of the Proflnee of 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 '.':>! ' 
 
 Intending Mttiert or parties desirous of further inlnrmation relating ta Oataritt ean 
 4 * procure Pamphlets, Maps, &c., &c, by applying; to 
 
 ^ Toronto, Ontario, -1^ _^ 
 
 qOMMIMTONVR OFIMMIORATION FOR THE PROnwOB OP OWt kilXO. 
 
 ■ '' , ■ . ■■ ■. Ob; : _, 
 
 ■ 6 South Castle Street, LivBRPooL, 
 
 KMIGRATION AGENT FOR THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIQ. 
 
 » 
 
 ixponroB t>Biirr, BiuufTroRD, omtario, 
 
 
 -%:f- 
 
 ■:.»>^ 
 
 
.^'V 
 
 yj^.. 
 
 rsEJ o-RHAo: 
 
 Loe of Ontario* 
 
 MATE AND I^RODXJCTS. 
 
 ority 'Of the Oovernment of the ProTlnee of 
 Ontario. 
 
 ties denirous of further information reUting ta Oatari* eso 
 Pamphlets, Maps, &c., &c, by applying to 
 
 ToKONTo, Ontario, I^ ■ __^ 
 
 VIMIORATION FOR THE PROVTNOB OF OWTlilTO. 
 0« ■■; ' , 
 
 South Castlb Strsbt, Livbrpool, 
 
 AGENT FOR THE PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 
 
 OnrOB PBIMT, BRUITVOBD, OMTABIO. 
 
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 popttblkMi «4 Iwo iniliKma, «ii<l kflbftliug •kxindMtl rwMw (or itiMty tnlllkMM fittlri*. T1»i» 
 tkrgr U^rrtUkry i'iiiltiM<«w »it iiitiii«'iiM< nktriil of fnrtiln l*|ul nii vthti b •'(•rullKiklml *ltlll*> 
 ynMiiA ni Ihx l«<inppr»t« «Mt«) «im1 M>«rr»l |>r(iituct« a( th«' tr«i|)iv«. It m » Untl ■»( (rutl, 
 •nd |trmlHtfM alMiiwlMtt crofb dI ((*'*I'*'*< Imhm hm, aitfilMs tnniKtOii*. iii«*I<hiii, niul iliw«-ii» ol 
 oth«r fruHa, Thi* itKirp nitrtha^ii ilUlrirta mImhimiI m %«luAtiii' |>iii«< Utnmln, itii«| il< |hmiU 
 irf KnUI, ail^nr, tniii, itittiM^r ftn<i otii«'r tiilu»l*li< uttii«<n»lii «lil>'h lUHlrtlMitc Urifily Id ikt* 
 wimlth of UiM itnintrjr. Th>« t-hnMU* MtrlM wtsonli^iK t<> i»litii«i«<, t*!**^ •(>•••• or inmiimni 
 with nnfvTwiifK to tlwi gnok t»)it4k, liut i« i<\«>rywlM>r« Milii|>tMl in m %vrf hiKh ili^gm- u> 
 Krain »nd fruit KrowiiiK*"*' tottht* iliHp|n|inii<nt of |ihykli-«l wvll lirinK. In tin- )>R(ri>nM> 
 nortii wttitrrn iwrt li«<twm<n the l^k** ofith« WimmU Rml l«lii> Hu|N<rior th<' w»rnith of 
 •uniuiMr Mui thn liriKht ftiui Itrwing l>ut ii)t<>n»o cold of wintvr »|*|»rMi(im«t« th«^ t liniAto 
 of tliii i'nt\tn<-<i of MMnitolt* MljnininK tn tint wnit Aion^ IaIh* Hu|tt'rior, lnm«*v)>r, the 
 ofNiii wat4<ni of th«t mmI rt<iw*r«inr, ({rcAtljr t«'nt|M>r thii friMt of winttT Mnil riiiini' thn 
 MUtutnKf hiwt ftlnioat to Kiigliiili coolni<Mi' In 0>i) I'KtrvnMf «>Mt, Iw^wiwn th«* ri%i*ni 
 Ottftw* aiul Ht lAwn«mi>, th« lukM intlutm<w i«'n0t Kn>atly tf\l und tin* wintcfM »nrc«ild, 
 Mtt*Mly, ltri((ht And pinniwnt, whilii tin* NUinni«<r* kr*' dit<idt*<tiy hot. In ilinmtc, thii mhv 
 ti«m r^HMHnlth^ Mmttrt^l and tin* nurth tTH futrt M th«* tt«H|{hli»tfmg *ttkUf »rf N«tw York, 
 'lint Iatk** l«kn diNtriet onjoyn milder wintom ainl Hununrnt vuryinif from thow* of Houth 
 «*rn KrMn<-i- and Northern Italy to thoM' of I'ari*. 'IliiN di«trirt, with KiMti*rn Onturio, 
 itic'ludoK i^hnuMt tin* whoU' |)0|)ulation of th« I'rovinci-, and lM'Midt*H n lur){i> nunilMir of ^'fnt* 
 gTMit" towiuihi{Mh Mixcrat thouMind iu|Uari' mil«>i« awaiting Murvey. To tliw north and 
 went, howo\i'r, M'ttlunt an* puMhiiig, and tuivtiral thotnunidN liavi* Atrt<a<ly found liOnntM tn 
 tlui Provincu lM>yond thx great triangli* fornuKl Uy th*' Ottawa lliver iind tin* liak<-«. 
 
 HKNKFigE||r InVlUKNOE OF THK UllKAT LAKVjU. ' |< 
 
 The lakn inHuenci* icA^i-y marked at ait MeaNonw. ., The winter iitothernial of twenty ri\«> 
 degreoa, curveM northward from the Highland* of I'ennB'yivnnin to liuke Ontario and 
 croaaing tho Provinco to Ijake Huron north of the forty thin! |>aiu|lel, lN<ndN griwiuaily 
 to the Mouth aH it leuveN the lake region, till in MiHM)uri it reat'he>> ihe puiutllel of foKy 
 degrt*rH. Tin* winter iNothermal of the north .Hhore of Ijake Htn-on u found three 
 hundn*d niiieit further Houth in tin* MituiiMii|>|>i Valley on the wettt and two hinuli'ed 
 and tifty inik>H further HOuth in the New Knghmd HtuteH cm th«i eant. |lrucc Minen, on 
 tin* north Hhore iH aM mild in winter aH Onuiha ; Niagara tu- New York ()ity. The 
 fontraHt with Kantern Onturio im e<|iially well marked. The county of Kmhoi on liiiku 
 Krie iM lut much wann>r in winter than Ottawa, aM Mem|ihiN, TenneHHi*e, in wanner than 
 Kmhox, yet, the difference in latitude iM-tweenthe two Ontario |iluces in only tJirfe degreex 
 or a little over 'JOO milttH, while lM*twet<n Kmmcx and Meiophirtit iHKe>en degre<'N oi nearly 
 AOO mileH. In Npring, the windu from tin* taken, which heat imn-e »4owly than tl>e hunt, 
 delay the full o{)ening of the HeaHon, hut not injuriouMlyi JNM-aUM' the cluVk given -to 
 vegetation till warin weather Metn in to the northward aM well att to the Houth, oft«'n 
 provontit damage from untimely frostM.uxptirienced'elHuwheru, when plantn have advanced 
 to a critical stagn. In Hunum*r the lake intluence iH an noticeahlo an in wint«>r, the lakH 
 region Ijniing prot4icted from the continental intluence which raiHCH the teinperature of 
 the MittsiHitippt Valley on tin* Hame |>araUel neveral degreeH higher than in Hemi inMulur 
 Ontaria If Hpring is delayed by the cold lake windn, ample conip<!nHation iH allbrded in 
 autumn, the lakes, slow to cool a{t«r thn Hummer heats, continuing tl)e nndlow Fall 
 
 •■'<r*. 
 
UOMI'AK.vrivk rKKKiM>M KKOM KXTHKMKi*. 
 
 j^of I* Ihi* Mil tH» (liitarlti i>lini*(» «»«i« U» llif Urvnl lAltmi. KroaU wlil<;li 
 INvviil furtlirr t/mith int otUtt |»r«<«i>iitni mmI tlw ni|ii«l ninI MNiii<tiiiif« Iryiiif »lMn||nt a| 
 l«iui|i«>naMrti rhfuriiiitormiii <rf hihiH ' tW tht> Uitilmi Htntmi mm! CiiimmU mw Imvw 
 full (Mily hi « iutNllll«tl tUnn-< ' Aih| nnt only in hk^^I In mhiiuaI IhiI a)m» in nifatd Ui 
 (Ull/ tijktniiiM'*, Mm' Ink*' ri>giw*r )» •iiitr>' ti<i|||N<>Mti< Umi^ miy iHlliMr ii»Ihiii| |iertlo*i ol 
 AiMurli'it furth*<r iwMili IImii MUiiiiwi|i|ii. AMmihu ur IIk^ (Wotiih^ -aihI wkot of llu> 
 IWky .MMttiUnit Th<> rutiml (for two y«<«rk iif Um' AiiH'rifAii Wfittlu-r iwirvlntalKiw (ImI 
 of <ivvroii«< huiuimtt iiiImimI ^tatiiHu <uilm't«>«i trutii tli*' «i>Mti'rii, mirth ctiatii'ii, imkUIU', iiurtli 
 ••rii mhI tit^tvmf^ym mm! the CMHulUkU lV»«i<iM>is Ontario ttalioiM an> Uw only (Htm 
 whttih ilo i«ii( »ll<iH » «'hAttt(i< i>( forty ilK|(ri«-<i or Hiort> in t«(oi|M>nitur«i wVtliin twMityfuttf 
 hour*. Muny of tin' ••tutionn wlio««< nionU li>»*<' U-pn I'^nniilnil nhow Nuth (liiiugiw 
 (mm tw«tiity/to kiity tiincn in n iiint|l<< )i>Hr, Kvi>n m fur Miutli 'um Tvxhh tin- niKnury 
 iiAA lm*tfi kuuEiwu tix fftit within u. fn^ l»>nr*i fmut fti*tit\ fl.w»>,MW u* *!■.. Hhnffi- tf^ fntirft ntt i 
 
 ' ■*-■' ' - 1 * 1 1. « I ' . •* V* A t *•» i '^ • Vtt»I I «• • ' " lit* M» ^^ rT 1 1 1 II I I L^.tT^ y I |l -Ur I I *• lit b4ll l| |IM 1 1 %*• tUUf l>*l%ltT 
 
 (ItgfMii oy f runt. N 
 
 WHAT OSTAHIO WINTKKH AUK LIKK 
 
 Tho ilurntioiL pf wiutitr in Ontiirio im almiit four iiinnthx, tlnMi^h it wiHi-m it tittii* in 
 ililVi'ront [MirtN. In Iknti^rn Ontario it (<omii)i*ti(.>«H« in tin* litltcr Imlf of NovrnilN-r and 
 cliMiiN in till- iM-KiiiriiiiK of A|iril. In Houth-vi^ratiirn Ontario it in a fi>H w«<«>k* Mhovtor. 
 At OttHwa tin* nii'frury fallH ainimt vwrjf, wint<*r to tliirty'y|«'Kn<<<ii liflow w>ro, or i<v»»n 
 lowiir, anil tli« iiH-iin of tlu' tliri'i' iiiiil Hint<>r niontlit in only ilfttx'ti ili>gri<i<it alKi\f Mro. 
 In Hiaronto tli« nvi>i'ttt(i> loW<>)it |H>int ii)(krli«(l (lurint< tin* yciir in twi>lv«r i|i'KI'i'«« Im)Iow 
 V' xxroJrtii)! till' HK'iin of,l>i<r-fnilN<r, .lunuiiry itml Kuliriiury in nciirrly twenty "livt' cli>;{r«<«ti* 
 lKiyi< /,)-to. ^i^varluiH |K»inti4 on \mU- Huron it usually fiilU little, or not at ull, IniIuw 
 nm and in ttio Houthi-rn couiiticH tin* wint4<r mean ^ariiw from tw«>iity-livf« to thirty 
 (li'^i-it-H. ' Kvi»rywln'ii', liowi<vi<r, th**- ni-iinoii l<t l)ri;;lit, Tiriu-inK un<l ph-uNant. H<inn<tinMj«» 
 thi' nky in ilomllt'»s for ihiyn or wilf-k^ togctln-r. Tin- <n ruMional I'xtri'nu'ly lolil |H>riiKU 
 rarely last niikrc tlihn tlii-in- <lnyM, iiiiil an'nlnioHtjuMii'ialily <lry, lirigiit ami lalnr, Mitli a 
 Kriutt raii^c of t<<ni|M<ratur«< lM<twt>fn day and nit(lH» Tin' iolij ih not felt to nearly tlio 
 extent tliat fieople in niolHter elfnuiti'N woulil iniii;;ine, and ii walk of Imlf ii mile Itant- 
 liantledeven with the nierLury twenty Im-Iow xero, often i-uum-hiio uniileiiHant feelin){uf cold 
 in fatrt tintt tein|H>ratnn* w«»'inii ni^ eoldi'r than twenty di'greeii alniVe zero ((enerully do»>a 
 in ilritain. The ex|ilanuti|)n in foinnl in'fTie drynenN of the atnuinitln're nut almtraetluK 
 from the iHMly the heftt which wouhl he uIihoHmhI liy a nioie humid air. Snow fieitonthe 
 KroiiiMl to II ilejith of from ttexeral inehcsto two or thiee feet, foij»reatly vai'viii^ |i«'riiNlH, 
 and except nccasiomillywhen niiow drift*t pi-o\ v troulilt-HiMne, the nnow eovered roadx are 
 ^oihI and the Hledges t(lide alon^ rupidly to the music of the HJeiffh tiellN. The i^omimMico 
 ment of the Hlei)^1iin}( Kejimin iN.ltailed with deli;{ht, liUHineftn iH i'('vived;tlM« grain in reiulily 
 markiitipd, and in iPflct utmoitt every o|H<ration rtH|uiririK Kood roaiU im greatly facilitated." 
 llnfnrtunat<-lv, tim whole of Ontario i\twn not (Unnerve the reputatioii for Hleighing'^fHeh 
 current notiweii ahroad regarding the Canajlian winter give it. In Eahtern Ontario' 
 Hieigliiiig uhtially latttH frmn three to four mouths and is de|Htnded u|K)|PaM a prominent 
 f«HiturH of every wintw, Hat townrdi th« »outh-WMt,''thA s>ighinK smidii gradually 
 
 J 
 
 ■v 
 
 
 ' /. 
 
 
 :v 
 
•V ■ ^ 
 
 ;V 
 
 ^j 
 
 ! » 
 
 <.' 
 
 tw'c w i i* * tttarti^ At Tonmla it «t(>«tiai'*i *•*•< t^M^' i*M»n> tH«H iHrtf w<>vfc'< mut «(t|l 
 fitrtliar mmiIi aiwI »#•!, <mly « few ikiy*. fKfftiimmlly wtntrm inm* wiiImhiI i%ii^ uttHtfK 
 tng, Tpi*i)imit»rr t* tV ■ «>nfVnllMig immm- fif iH*' «*%UitM|i (lllft'n'iiit"*, Uii »Ht« 4tM^ onl|r 
 «>n«>, f«»r i»ti iht- t>»*i *til«> ••! I^ikr lliin»ti (In iMtlii li'ni|M<rMilir»' A%w% mtl |>n'W)»i djti w>«»4 
 wifMfii - ■•tw»lH<«r^ ilr) friMii Knllwriiia HMitiilnn-'frHtM !>»•• «ni»'ii wnlfr* i*! fH*'^tik> i»ii>| 
 •l^fimiliiiii Ifml NMMolHrc ihi iIw ImihI'/ TIh' ••l*-ti{)iii*M wmwhi itwr iiiinh ••! iIm MiirttH iimI 
 
 'Riflw iHli>r, uitliirliiitnli'iv. t» imiI< mi «I>'hiIiI« ifikl hvcr lh«' MlHili* LVo^imh- tt« ii »<> in 
 Ml'* iH^I|M^i aimI iiortii<-rii |N»rt», «lH>ai> imlv in'ihmIihniI iH<i^»» iw-vHr d^liin lh>- ho^t 
 HI O^i'f wiilli«*ri> AHil wHilh wfoti^it (HilMriis lit H«ml wii^WI, Ihnwiiitf mikI 
 ••«th««r iilti'riiHli- vst'ty fri* ilnv* <ir \»f»'lii», miuI li-iii|N'rNliirf« >»f ulirtii- Hll» 
 rviM'hiil In M'^vnil MntliHio, \\\>' )uir>ii{|^l^^^'Mi|Mruturt' nl iiiltlilny In 
 #ri»t ili'i^W*"! «l»»»«i ih«' fr»*ihiiiii( |Miuil. TfMt m^Iitk iliifcr^iii tliUcn-nl yitir*. 
 niitl i^iHM* lUi* nli>M>ti( I'I'immIiikk t** '^''D <iirrT('il mi m |l«>ifinU<r niitl 
 III iH*- wiiriiifMl |Htrl>(, llfiwiTtt \uiw IiUhhimiI mI inuI wiiiti'r'iii th*' ii|h'Ii iilr, 
 Kiiiiti>«i aikI fnifn M|R* niiulv lh«*(r H|i|N*nriint-i>, Tli** i'«lil««iV yittr mi niiirti 
 *iiji d ilrt)- <n^ wifh'l! a l«\!iip»t»tMi'»' •»! »'»i'Mly uiM' i|i»iiir»'!» m ihi* «luM!e 
 
 — t •w.l 
 
 of III* 
 frrriiiiK 
 •lHgrM% 
 wint»'f U 
 
 .Innuiiry 
 mill l)Utt<*rtt 
 ui OulAriu L'U 
 
 WiUt rrnt'lir-il 
 
 Niit«U>)<ih4ii<IMK. howcM-r, tli<* lintwlNukspxfii-i'iM'ut-i'H iti tin HuniM'r M^'iimut frnm (At> 
 xhortii«««< oTtJif i)\t«lMiiK inTMnl mn| tli«»lii«» frfH)if4<iit mtklin««i nf tin- i(tiiiaKi>|i»'i%-, •'"" 
 winUir i^Nkiimr t'ViT'^lK'n' i>> lniaiii.-filiitnnMt imhI ftiiii|)Ant(i%i'|^ i|lrv^ OwitiK t'l Hx* Miitli 
 i>n:i iMitinli* oi tl^' ll'roMni-)' iiIiimM llir fiitiii- |Hi|>ulnti(>n ftviiiK further momMi tliAii 
 Lynimiii |''mii<'i''1 thiVimi-r dayii un- iinifM<>hi{ir tlimi in llriliuii, ■ fjirl^ nhhli lutitri 
 butf* to th«' rhwmilii<lt"« "f l)n' x"*****"- ^ »^ 
 
 V \ HPIIINO jy ONTAHIO. 
 
 Hpring i* olunvit tN»ui>4ii*<l frttni iIm- ••yi'h* of |li»> mimmiih in OtitiH-io: In tli«> witriiM'r 
 INtrt* it lM'|„in<i MHtictimcH^I Murt-li, Hiiinctiiiii'x not |i4t tlii> iH'tfiiuiiiiK of A|iriL In fin* 
 "oliW (liMtrictH it^l^iffttn ntvi'tli Hii(l<li<nly in tin' lM((innin^ of llii' Inttir inniitli nml niium 
 rmil ici- <lihi»|i|M'iil ill « fi^ii't of iiii|Kji^iiiK iliui-iu-fi-r Vfj^i-tnlUii tdiiiiiiciMi'M i)iiil«lfnly 
 mi«l pro({rri«iM«N wittt'dv viKf»r(llir|»ri»iiii({ to|M'o|tl«' from Hritiiin ^umI NVi-iitfrii Kunifir. TKi'»" 
 Ottawa rountry in'Vl''"'''; ''►'' winti-rt nir m-mtc mmhi iM-fOincH im warm hm' South 
 \Vi>»ti<rii Ontario. K^'i'yw\ii>rr tliv_ lii'Kinniht^ or miililli< i>f May UHlifru iii tin- Kiimmor, 
 niifl t«'iii[M'raturi'* «»f I'iffKt.v Hi'Kn'i'K in Hh' mIumIi' ami Hoim'timcN nim-ty ilrgrw-s, or i>vtii 
 higher, an* P)c|)*»ri»«m'i«<l v' 
 
 /. A«5i,C»Nr, AN|> lU^AirTII'TI. srMMKU, 
 
 Tlio Ontario Huiniii<>r in tM■nl'l■<^)'lk Hiir|iiw>M'(l liy that of niiy hiinl. Thi' ri'f^ihu- Htorui ' 
 raiiiK t»'a»"' alnioitt I'lrtirt-ly fiimi ,yay till S«'|>ti'iiili«'r, h'tixiiiK M-xftufion to In- ri>fr»'slut( 
 by till* liri«*f hut «-o|iioiiH hIiowith Mhi Ii full in IIuki* (lro|iH ihirin^ tin- thiindtT Htonmt 
 which. ari* Kraml und ini|m>KHivu Ki u (li-f(n>c uiikiioMn in Mritain. Tin* nkii'ii arc Itiilialt ; 
 luJ^ir Ix^uty, of an iiitrtnw Iwm utui of iuH>miiigly iuiuii-naurat4i! t|t!|ttli, H<ini4'tiiiHH»r 
 day'«ft«r day pa«iM»» of uiiintPrru^t«<l HorQj^ty and iincloudod azui-o-^mori'ofti>n tli»**l»luf " 
 it inturtnin^lcd with liugi* ]pili*s of (h-fcy ^loiids towciiiijn to un iinim*iiM' In-i^ht and 
 diiiplaying an imtxpn'MihIy KlorioiOi>dt}udlutKl, thnuigh which the Rtin iii*tM with a ninf(^ 
 iiiBwrn*** raraly appro»''h«d cv^n iti It»ly. Th«»i*> uLnnf^U inoro than atotin for the thoit- 
 
 \ 
 
 >'^" 
 
 •*■■ 
 
 \ 
 
 .'\ 
 
 T 
 
,* 
 
 '? 
 
 f 
 
 V 
 
iieM of the twilight belonging to ail southern countries. The nights have all this ohwut 
 of oriental nights and aro rarely uncomfortably warm. Tornados suqh as are so fright- 
 fully. deotVuctivo of life and property in the Western States, are here very uncommon 
 and scarcely ever' attendtnl by fatal results. 
 
 The summer Reason,, judgtHl by British standard, is long, usually lasting from) the middle 
 of May tilKnQitp the end of Beptemlwr. It has even been known to extend several weeks 
 in^ Octo1>ei>-in which month shade temperatures of nearly ninety degrees have been 
 recorded, .^lie latter half of May is as warm as a London midsummer and the month of 
 ^ September averages, in some loc%liti«i| as high as a London July. Under the genial and 
 steady warmth vegetation advances apace. Wheat harvest commences in the most 
 southern parts in the lieginning of Juiy : it hiMieven begun in Juna In the coolest parts 
 and even on the highest land, 1,500 feet altove the sea, it is generally the Iteginning of 
 August. All the grain crops follow each other in quick succession, and overtnostof 
 the'Provihce, harvest is fully completed by the third week of August. Maize or Indian^ 
 com is gathered late; apples, a very important crop, and peaches are gathered in August 
 ^ and September; grapes, which s\^tceed^^very where, are generally left to the latter month. 
 Notwithstanding the high average heat of the summer, and the occasional extremely 
 high temperatures recorded, this season ts rarely oppressively warm. In some districts 
 ninety-five degrees and even one hundred degrees. in the shade are registered even as late 
 as September, but the dryness of thp air usually prevents any greater feeling of oppres- 
 siveness than is produced in Olasgow by a temperature of eighty or eight-five degrees. 
 Extreme heat lasts generally only a few ^ays at a time, and the average daily maximum 
 of July varies from lieventy^ight degrees in cool sections to eighty-five degreto in the 
 hottest In the warmest midsummer nights the mercury falls to seventy or seventy-five 
 degrees before morning, and the average nightly minimum of July, even in the warmest 
 . parts of the Province, is only a little abpve sixty degrees. Along the lake shores, a lake 
 breeze by day and a land breeze by night temper the warmtJi of the season. In several 
 localities a light hoar frost sometimes occurs early in June, but is rarely very "injurious. 
 Hoar' frosts are again experienced in Septemlier, but some sections are usually free 
 « from frost from tiie first of May till October. 
 
 THE FALL SEASON IN ONTARIO. 
 ' Autumn is scarcely less beautiful than summer. In October, the days are of & genial 
 warinth and the nights cool and refreshing. The tre^s assume a brilliancy of color unknown 
 in Europe, and over the landscape, flashing in crimson, yellowr, pink, green and gold, the 
 sun shines with a mellow radifuice through the faint, purple mist which fills the atmos ■ 
 phere and imparts to the outlines of every distant object a softness in striking contrast 
 with the distinctness generally noticeable in fine weather during most of the yMU".-- 
 Then the autumn winds rise and break from time to time the serenity of nature. The 
 leaves fall; and as November passes, vegetation sinks itito'its winter rest Sometime* 
 snow falls' in October, but it melts in a f^w hours. Sometimes the first flakes are not 
 seen until November. This month is often dull and comparatively gloomy, but without 
 fc^, though quite as frequently the leaden clouds and- the long rains are banished by the 
 'genial Indian summer days which make the Canadian autumn celebrated. The small 
 ponds usually receive their first temporary coatiitg of ice, before the end of the month 
 , at least, but open, and fine warm weather, in soutih-western Ontario, in particular, often 
 Uuita well into D«)(Gember. 
 
 \yk 
 
 
 .W- 
 
 J 
 
 -'^^^s-^^, 
 
'a^*? 
 
 SI 
 
 .^ ,.-.- 
 
 I 
 
 RAINFALL 
 
 The rainfall in Ontariik is lnn«t than in th« wwtt of Knglaiid, liut gWixU^r tliiMi in th« 
 rant It VarioH according to lotiality, from tw«!Vity-Hv«i to n<»arly forty inchi>H, and 
 . averages for the Prqvindealiout 3'J inches. It is wdl diHtril)utc<t throughout th*- y«^ur. 
 Although rain is ^bunduit, rainy days are iiot nuinvrous, lii'avy sltoWHrs, Mouictinu)* 
 an inch or two in an houv -oft«n taking the place of the genth^ rainH of Itrit&in. Kogii 
 and drought are unconiniof I- 
 
 COMPAriiaONS WITH EUROPEAN CUM ATKH. 
 
 A few European analogies ^1^ Ih' interesting, The summers over mrtht of Ontario 
 are like those of NorthenJ I twy; Southern, Central and Northern Pralice, and as warm 
 in the Ottawa Valley a$ in most of Houthehi Ontario. Towards the west they are fully 
 as long as in Vienna. May at VVi^idsor is as Warm as in Paris, and S«>pteihlK)r warmer 
 than at either Paris or Vitsina; The wiutttrs in the setthxl parts of Ontario vary from 
 the comparative mildn(5S8 of the same season in Hungary afid along the Danulx^ to thti 
 cold of Central Russia. Tie mean temperature along a li^ie from the l)anulH% through 
 Bucharest to Moscow cloiely represents at all seasons/a line from Windsor n»^r 
 the hood of Lake Erie to Pmibroke on thi^ Ottawa —Peiniii>roke, however, l)eiiig||warmer 
 tlian Moscow in winter. Rounit^nia corresponds closely in temper^ttfn*, with Mouth- 
 WeStem and Central Ontario at all seasoiiH of the yeair, and Bupharew (jiffopH little in 
 either dummer or winter ;fi|om Toronto. • .,' 
 
 The following talile of nilean teni|)eratures tell its Wn story of the lotigi duration and 
 genial warmth of the On^rio siiinmer. ..-and affords intoresting pointsiqj contrast and 
 similarity Iwtween the cUmattv -of Ontario and Europt^an climateH. The Kgures for 
 Oittario cover five yjBaj»^i87t-7H— and ar«j compiled from the nicords of tlie meteoro- 
 logical service of t^anadOi. 'fhe Europ«>an figures are from Blmlgett the American 
 
 meteorologist, ■• - „ 
 
 SUROrE, \ . 
 Greenwich.. ..... .V . , . . . 
 
 York... .....-...;:.,., 
 
 Edinburgh.. .... . . .V. ... . . 
 
 DuHin .... ..... .1.... 
 
 Paris..... ... . ..;..*.;. .. 
 
 Bucharest ... . . . . . . i .> . . 
 
 Vienna..... . . ... . . .\. . . . 
 
 Berlin .,i. .',\. . . . 
 
 Munich 
 
 ONTABIO. .\ \ 
 
 Windsor . , 
 Ooderich '. 
 Hamilton.. 
 T'oronto.. , . 
 Comwt^ll . . 
 
 August. 
 
 59° 6 j 62.° 7 
 
 62 ^ 61 1 
 
 f>6 8 
 
 61 4 
 
 65 2 
 
 70 
 
 64 .4 
 
 64 1 
 
 71 
 68 
 71 
 68 
 68 
 
 Heptonilwr. 
 
 October. 
 
 58* * 
 
 47*4 
 
 .^').7 
 
 48 2 
 
 53 4 
 
 48 8 
 
 5a 5 
 
 50 1 
 
 ■60 1 
 
 52 2 ' 
 
 .58 3 
 
 49 3 
 
 61 » 
 
 51 2 
 
 58 4 
 
 49 9 
 
 58 1 
 
 49 2 
 
 6.3 4 
 
 .50 
 
 61 2 
 
 48 5 
 
 62 .5 
 
 49 
 
 59 7 
 
 46 5 
 
 59 
 
 45 4 
 
 '-'^JZ^T^^ 
 
 ''•>^ 
 
 -rru 
 
 ^.- 
 
10 
 
 . '-' ' THE FAR NORTHERN HEOTION. 7 ^ "" 
 
 Of the 8i)vmity thouHiuid squorit niiliw lying iiorth V>f i\w Lai)i'«Mitiaii raiigo ttiul clraiii- 
 
 ing into James Bay, a vast projeetiou woutliward of that >«rt')at inland sea known as 
 
 Hudson liay, littlo n(M!d l»o Haid. ' Out olF from tho watirr connnuni<:ations of the Ht. 
 
 Lftwnmco, jHrtiutrated l»y no railways, and <jnJoying a lews favorable elimato tlian tlio r»«t 
 
 of Ontario, where many thousandu of square miles await th(» advent of the settler, it is 
 
 yet, anc^will for years continue, a wildern(«s8 of forost and plain, threarlod hy fivers and 
 
 dotted with lakes. Ftcoutains valualde mineral deposits and ^ lai-ge area of fei-tile soil, 
 
 Mt is at pnwcmt merely the home of the IndiaiVhunt«tp and t|i(! employciesof tho Hudson 
 
 Bay Company, whose trading (jOsts are scattered hen; and tlit^re along its coasts and large 
 
 rivers: The agricultural capacities of' the country are hy ji'io means iuconsiderahlc!, and 
 
 will no doubt Im> taken Culvantage of in the course of yeari*! Barley and oats grow well 
 
 almost everywher»s while wheat ripens wlji^rever tried, eve/i as far north as the shores of 
 
 James' Bay. At Moose factory, on this Bay -latitudJj T)! ' Ifi", almost the same as 
 
 London, Eng.,— th<! record of the meteorological service for the t^o years of observation 
 
 (the only ones yet published) shows a in«!an teujperature for Jiily of G.T .V, which is 
 
 higher than that of July in London, and a mean for October of 43". The mean of 
 
 the year is nearly the same as that of .Manitoba lind tlio wint«}r average is slightly higher 
 
 than at Winnipeg. ( Jarden vegetation, roots and sriiall fruits succetid hen!, although the 
 
 : Hpritigsare backward and Variable owing to the prevalence of north winds in spring 
 
 /blowing btf the- shore ice driven from Hudson Bay into James' Bay to niolt there. 
 
 - Intapd, ori tho Ijetter ai id warmer soil which e.\ists there, these winds become greatly 
 
 . in6dified ami the spring neason improves. Li the soutlMfrn parts of this northern section, 
 
 f^e climate is much milder and resend)les that of adjaeent parts of the Kt. I^wrence 
 
 '"drainage V)a9in. '' 
 
 ^^ V ^ ' ' OREAT VARIETY OF PRODUCTIONS. n^ ^^ r - 
 
 Apart, however, from the records of tempttrature, the protlucts of the 
 greater portion of Ontario furnish convincing testimony to the excellence of the cliinat«'. 
 Wheat, maize and (jppples grow in every county and at all elevations. In several 
 southern counties maize is an iinportant crop and yields a heavier average per acre tKan 
 in Kansas, Missouri or Illinois. Watermelons and tomatoes grow to perfection and the 
 latter so abundantly a« to b(j .sold at ten pence a bushel. The egg plant, sweet potato,' 
 ; capsicum and other semi-tropical vegetables are am-mg the common vegetables in some 
 parts. Thf? capsicum grows every where. The grape is found flourishing in all partsof the 
 Province as far as agricultural settlements yet exttjnd, and wild varieties on some of the 
 inland rivers hide the trees with their far spreading vines. Grape growing is vi-ry 
 profitable in many localities and requires little care. It has yielded as much as $480 j^n 
 acre in a single season. The standard varieties never fail to produce a good crop in 
 many districts, and large vineyards are becoming common in several widely .separated 
 sections. Even the far-famed Catawba wine is an article of Ontario production, though 
 timited to the very warmest localities. Ontaria wines have won diplomas at Paris and 
 elsewhere, and wine making promises to iKicome bne of the most important industries. 
 The peach of southern Ontario is equal to any on the continent The quantities sold are' 
 enormous, and the market is rapidly increasing. Peach of chards of from 3,000 to 10,000 
 |reea are numerous. Some varieties of this fruit are grown in the inland counties at an 
 
 .rr' 
 
ii 
 
 t » 
 
 "If'VRtioir of pvftf 1,000 ifoi «1)ovp the Koa. The apricot, iiectariiio and ()uiih n mc vMily 
 .ultivatwl over an iiri-a of wveral thouHaiicI Ktfuarft miliHi. At Niagiwa, whi<h. h<mp\er, 
 IK oxi«?|.tioiiully fuvorod ill cHrrtate, th«< almond ji{rowK out of doom, and th.' »i>,' in , ,ilti 
 tivaU-d liK ti standard with sit;ani<ly any prott-c'tion in wint«>r and ri})enM two «TOpH in th« 
 y«'ur. 'rii« tOniond and ti^ will proUbly nevef Ih> urowii for profit, »tut the fa<tof th«»ir 
 • ultivation out of door h inn Htriking cVidfiu*- of the niildiu-HS of tho wintt'r .li^hat*' of tho 
 southern counties. Sorghum or the Chinese sugar cane will succeed over very many 
 counties; and in ^outht;rn Ontario hundreds ol acres are planted/ with this crop. 
 Among the trees growing wild in Southern Ontario are the mulberry, the African 
 tamarack, the tall and heautjfiil tulip tree, a species of magnolia, and the celel)rated 
 papaw treeof Mexico and the Southern States. The list ol trees, plants and 
 vegetables of warm climates which here push beyond their usual latitudes ijito thr • 
 
 mild lake climateol Ontariomight be greatlyextended, but the instances already given 
 will suffice tt) sh()w the suigularly favored position of the Province, All the standard 
 English fruits ancj vegetables are abimdant .and of excellent (juality. Theap^^es, 
 are the finest in America— probably ip the world. The grain growing capa^riy of 
 the soil and climate is so well known as not to refjuire more than mere n;6nt ion. 
 The healthfulness of the climate is also widely known. Ague and malarial Jf^veis are ^ 
 - confined to a few localities, and are nowhere so prevalent as in many ofihe Ameri- 
 can States. Take it all" in all, ONTARIO POSSESSES THE KIN^T A.VKRI 
 CAN CLIMATE EAST OF THE ROCKY .MOUNTAINS. ./■ 
 
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