..*:^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I Ul 125 ■ 2.2 lU a-i^, ■■■ u lit 2.0 i 1 IU& 1 1-^^ III 1-^ III 1.6 ^5 111!^^ i^ ^ 6" ► Hiotographic Sciences Corporation .4? V 23 WIST MAIN STRIIT WnSTH.N.Y. 14510 (716) •72-4503 4^ o .V Z V'^o |^<^ V , CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian institute for Historicai IMicroreproductions / institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniquaa at bibliographiquas Tha Institute has attamptad to obtain tha bast original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ D Couverture endommagie Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restauria et/ou pelliculAe I I Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque I I Coloured maps/ a Cartes giographiquas en couleur Coloured init (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que blaua ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ D D D Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ RaliA avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serrie peut causer de I'ombre ou da la distortion le long de ifli marge intAriaura Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within tha text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutias lors d'une restauration apparaissant dans la taxta, mais. iorsqua cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont pas At6 filmAas. '' ' ■ ■>":;;'. :''^'"'--:-r ■ ■ /•'-■"^ Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplAmentairas: ■•■*■'-.. The toti L'institut a microfilm* le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a M possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mithode normala de filmaga sont indiqute ci-dessous. I I Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagtes Pages restored and/oi Pages restaurtas et/ou peiliculAes Pages discoloured, stained or foxet Pages dicolor^es, tachaties ou piqudes I — I Pages damaged/ I — I Pages restored and/or laminated/ r~1 Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ The pos oft film Ori( beg tha sior othi first sior oril □ Pages detached/ Pages ditachias HShowthrough/ Transparence D Transparence Quality of print varies/ Quality inAgala de i'impression Includes supplamentary material/ Comprend du material suppl^mantaira Only edition available/ Seula Mition disponibia The shal TIN whi Mai diff( enti beg righ raqi met Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc.. have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalemant ou partiallement obscurcies par un fauillet d'errata. une pelure, etc.. ont M filmAes A nouveau de fa^on A obtanir la maillaura image possible. This item is filmed at tha reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est f ilmA au taux de rMuction indiquA ci-dassous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X J 12X 16X aox a4x 28X 32X i >< \A f-.-.S? •' ■' ''■■' B ktails I du lodmer r un0 Image The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Filational Library of Canada The images appearing here are the best quaiity possibie considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. L'exemplaire filmi fut reproduit grAce d la gAntrosM de: Bibiiothdque nationaie du Canada Les images suivantes ont tt6 reproduites avec ie plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de ia netteti de i'exemplaJre f ilm6, et en conformity avec ies conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated Impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. Les exemplaires originaux dont ia couverture en papier est imprimte sont fiimte en commenpant par Ie premier plat et en tcvrminant soit par ia dernlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'iiiustration, soit par Ie second plat, salon Ie cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmfo en commenpant par ia premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'iiiustration et en terminant par la derni^re page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ^> (meaning "CON- TINUED "), or the symbol V (meaning "END "), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur ia dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon Ie cas: Ie symbols — »* signifie 'A SUIVRE", Ie symbols ▼ signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tbbieaux, etc., peuvent dtre fiimte A des taux de rMuction diffirents. Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est film6 d partir de Tangle supArieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant Ie nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. irrata to pelure, n A 32X f 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 I *^ f ■■ • < -■: • • A,.-..'.-.. //. ' A.'\\).V\ *-v -"A ••■•■ f |■•»!kSa»s*JH^s?^r^T«s*-•««».■»»•S*'if*.•*'T/:^■?:a■.t:•=:; rr -.•»»».'•■!:--• » t7 5.%i««» ' fi i *' J ■ ■ • ii '^ I " .. ..... - ,. ,.....- ... i:,| ■< • H ;■■■. ■ /!*i'\r- .... .^fl'^^:!^^'> _ . ,.„^ 4.'!r " ' /.. fi^S^^v^' ■^^ti- .^■^ __j i j ai ijgMij ! iiiii.»>'^' rtT ffE.--..^ .-. Vvl.Jk.JRt^ S^dhtunfT. 4tnt l^rtr ^^^ J.uitutj . ^^%nC\ ' ArJUlMiit/i P/AW Lv^ ■v*** Zm«2» .^SWfu^i tfr duurl* J T« CJ*J 'S &r**ft4. XMLttSa dMrtmr ^ ^idtnd Xytt J :Puk*- ekP. .<»«, .UjU jcatlt jsC^ C4tr4w ^fU*i4* ^***itt Womntj . Stntrt ^W, .^/ -AOHj' •^^ :»J<»nf\* JC^wjj/^ ^ iSfPiiilipi iiJtmt JiUtiiV: M0nt^fii$f^ jC* P«riik -Xf^ikAatm iih »n> t.ilM(/rw»m^« that fettled there; and he aflUred a very worthy Gentleman, from whom the Writer of this Hiftory had this Information, that when they had lived there fome Time on Salt Provifions, he long'4 fo much to tafte fome frefli, that he would have fold himfelf for a Slave to any Englijhman^ who would then have (applied him Vol. II. B with The Hi/iory of Barbados. with a Meal of frefh Meat. Now if there were fuch Plenty of Hogs, and the FlcHi of ihcm fo delicious, as will be men- tioned hereafter, wc cannot imagine he could be in fuch great' Want of frclh as well as fait Provilions. The fame Man confirmed the Account we have given of thcThicknefsof the Woods; and from thence argued, as we do, that 'twas impofTible for the pretended infinite Numbers of Hogs to fubfift. Wc cannot afccrtain at what Time the Portugueft difcover'd it, nor when the Englijh firft found it out after them. Wc fuppofe the Former might have been there loo Years before the Englijh difcovered it : For Alvarez Cabral landed in Brafil^ A. D. 150 1, and 'tis not probable his Countrymen, the Portugueft^ ftiould fail by Barbados 20 Year, and not find it out J the Coaft of Braftl being not far from the Cha- ribbee Iflands, of which Barbados is the chief. As to the Time when the EngllJ}} firft came hither, tho* we cannot fix the Year, we are furc it muft be in the Reign of King James I. For it appears by an Ad of Affembly in Barbados^ that 'twas fettled in his Time. This Adt is** en- titled. An ASi for the better ajcertaining the Laws of this Ifland ; and pafled, A, D. 1666. In which 'tis faid, That all Adls confirmed by any Governor and Counfellor, Prefident and Council^ by Virtue of any Commijfton from King James or Charles the Ift, ^c. Which is a plain Proof, that 'twas dif- covered by the £«^//}^ before the Year 1625. What we know of the Matter, is, about the Year '1(^24. t Ship of Sir fVilliam Curteen^s returning from Fernambocky in Braftl, was driven by Strefs of Weather on this Coaft ; as the Portugueft had been before, it being not, as Ligon fays, ftr out of the Way \ for *tis the moji windwardly Ifland of the Charibbees, Tobago only excepted. As indeed it is, Tobago lying in 1 1 Degrees, 1 6 Minutes North Latitude, above a Degree nearer the Line than Barbados. That this Ship touched here about the Year 1^24, we may conclude, for thefe Reafons : 'Tis plain there was no failing to Braftl for any Englifhman, but under the Protedion of the Dutch JVefl-India Company ; the Spaniards and Portugueft making it Death for any Stranger to come among them on this Part of the Continent. Now tho' the Dutch IVefl- India Company, after thet Ex- piration of the Truce with Philip IIL King of Spain and Portugal, began, by Permiflion of the States General^ to trade thither ; yet they never fent any Fleet, till the Begin ning of the Year 1624. before which Time we cannot ima gine the Englijh would venture to Brafil^ the DuUh having not not made i-ii.l(.;;-y cf ^u Chrjr:pbiri, Capt. Capt. C in the Plat thofe Pots from Jngo had feen t[ that may b< Whatth leaft curioi this Captai groes trough made ; yet i Indians hroi exa£lly mad may fee ^ in can fee them venture to a before Nigh\ This Ac( the French and made C 'Twas noi forced to a Earl of Car F'avourite in the Propriet a Grant of i not live lonj Earl of Cat which all thj obliged to pu eafy, and th< grow populoi The firft ( where the Bi abouts, and a mcnts. The terwards the ' 'Tis a verj iouts, and all along the Leeward Shore, were the firft Settle- ments. Then the South-Eajiern Coaft was planted, and af- terwards the Windward, and North-lVeJiern. 'Tis a very great Misfortune to us, that about the Year 1666. the Bridge-Town was burnt, and all the chief Records loft, infomuch that if we are out in our Chronology before that Time, we muft be excufed j for this Government having been 30 Years a Proprietary's, no publick Records were kept of it in England ; and tho' we believe we are right, yet taking our Account from Tradition, and from feveral Paf- fages in Hiltory, 'tis pot unlikely v/e may err in our Chro-; oology. Bj Thft I , f :«' m. ^ *!«.;'■■' fi S'r Henrv ViTMor. 7%e Hijlory of Barbados. The Inliabitants of Barbados at their firft coming fell to planting Tobacco; which, whatever is faid of the Barbados Tobacco now, proved fo earthy and worthlefs, that it yielded little or nothing in England, or elfewhere; fo that for a while they loll their Labour, and their Induftry did nQt turn to Account. The Woods were fo thick, and moft of the Trees fo large and mafly, that *twas not a few Hands could fell them; which was another Difcouragement to them. When the Trees were down, their Branches were fo thick and unma- nageable, as required more Help than could be procured, to lop and remove them off the Ground. By this Means, twenty Years afterwards, Mr. Ligon writesj he found both Potatoes, Maize, and Bonavifts, plaated be- tween the Boughs j the Trees lying along upon the Ground j (b far fliort was it then of being cleared. The firft Governor that I can learn was fent thither with Hunks Go- a regular Commiflion, was Sir Henry Hunks ; but I cannot afcertain what Year he went. Not with ftanding alltheDif- couragements the new Colony lay under, it ftill thrived ; for Indigo and Cotton-Wool coming up plentifully, great Quantities of thofe Commodities, as alfo of Fuftick, were ftiip'd off for London ; and meeting with a good Market, other Ships were fent to Barbados, loaden with fuch Goods as were wanted there ; Working- Tools, Iron, Steel, Clothes, Sfiirts and Drawers, Stockings, Shoes and Hats. More People alfo came over; their Trade encreafed with their Company; and about the Year 1646. 'twas looked upon to be a fiourifhing Colony. Capt. ^wan, who was then Sur- veyor of the Ifland, drew a Draught of it, and gave it to the Governor ; which he carried with him to England, and fo *twas loft i but he gave Mr. Ligon a Copy of it from his Memory, and loofe Papers, which was engraved, and is the fame that he put before his Hiftory. The moft confiderablc of the firft Planters were Mr. HiUiardy Mr. Holduppe, Mr. SilveJIer, Mr. P^alrond, Mr. Raines, Mr. Kendall, Mr. Middleton, Mr. Standfaft, and Mr. Drax j for Mr. Modiford did not come over till about the Year 1^4.7. The Planters were fo neglefted by the Pro- prietor, that they refufed to honour him with the Name ; and his Governor taking no Care to have their Grievances re- dreffed, nor due Provifion made for the Defence of the Ifland, 'twas a great Baulk to thefe firft Adventurers ; who were moft of them Men of moderate Fortunes, that had brought Stocks thither to be improved, and were uneafy, to find no Care was taken to defend what they had already got, and what they might acquire. The The Ea that Part ( George's, t kins, Mr. IVheatly^ a which 'tis t Lands, a fi who, upon Capt. Phili the Ifle of : bados', whe feveral Law Pound of C prietaryj bt aboliftied, ii Sugar waj as Sir Dali Anno 16^0. between the . happened to < •where, tho* no other life > hot Climate, thofe of the \ they meant to Ligon feer of Sugar, b( are thefe : ' , ' was in the * partly by tl * own Obfei * was but n( ' moft induft * nambock^ ir ' and finding ' they grew a ' confiderablc ' fet up a ven ■ made upon not well un confiderablc at laft findin gan a little t fometimes b ple^ who (b( which fo mi Mr. Mr. ft, and 1 about e Pro- VirniT. Hhe Hijlory of Barbados. *) The Earl of Carlijle granted loooo Acres of Land, in that Part of the Ifland, which now makes the Parifli of St. George*s, to Marmaduke Rawden, Efq; Mr. William Per' kinsj Mr. Alexander Banifer, Mr. Edmund Fojier, Capt. IVheatly^ and others, on certain V 'enants and Conditions, which 'tis to be fuppofed were noi mplied with : For thofc Lands, a few Years afterwards, leuirned to the Proprietor j who, upon Sir Henry Hunksh Return to England^ appointed Capt. Philip Bell^ who, fays Ligon, had been Governor oic^pt Phi- the Ifle of Providence^ to have the fame Character in Bar- J.'P_|'fi^ ^'" hados ; where there was now a Council, an AITembly, and feveral Laws were made ; and among others, one to raife 40 Pound of Cotton a-Head, on all the Inhabitants, for the Pro- prietary ; but this Tax, and other Duties and Rents, were aboiifhed, in the Government of Francis Lord IVilloughby. Sugar was not as yet planted, and probably was not fo foon as Sir Dalby Thomas makes it, in a Pamphlet he publiflied Jhno 16^0. About 50 Tears ago^ fays he, during the IVar Hip.Auomt between the Hollanders tf»<;^ Portuguefe /wBrafil, a FTollander "/ J*' '^^J happened to arrive from thence upon our IJland 5^ Barbados, o^",^/vv* it, where, tho* there were good Sugar-Canes, the Engliih knew India 6nio- no other Ufe of them, than to make refrejhing Drinks for that "'"' ^^' hot Climate, intending by planting Tobacco there to have equalled thofe of the Verinasj on which, on Ginger, Cotton, and Indigo^ they meant to rely. Ligon feems to hint, that the Planters made Experiments of Sugar, before they were taught by the Dutch. His Words are thefe : ' At the Time we landed on this Ifland, which pa^. 8 3. •was in the Beginning of September 16^^ . we were informed partly by thofe Planters we found there, and partly by our own Obfervations, that the great Work of Sugar-making was but newly pradifed by the Inhabitants, fome of the moft induftrious Planters having gotten Plants from Per- nambock^ in Brajil, and made Trial of them at Barbados'^ and finding them to grow, they planted more and more as they grew and multiplied on the Place, till they had fuch a confiderable Number, as they were worth the while to fet up a very fmall Ingenio, and fo try what Sugar could h^ACattit- made upon that Soil : But the Secrets of the Work being Muu not well undcrftood, the Sugars they made were very in- confiderable, and little worth for two or three Years, till at laft finding their Errors by their daily Pradtice, they be- gan a little to mend 5 and by new Diredions from Brafily fometimes by Strangers, and now and then by their own Peo- ple, who (being covetous ot the Knowledge of a Thing which fo much concerned them in their Particulars, and fi 4 ^ for m X if Wm ,',r,'" iil n i, ne Hi/lory of Barbados. for the general Good of the whole Ifland) were content fomctimcs to make a Voyage thither, to improve their Knowledge in a Thing they fo much delired j being now made abler to make their Queries of the Secrets of that Myflery, by how much their often Failings had put them to often Stops and Nonpluflcs in their Work ; and fo re- turning with more Plants, and better Knowledge, they went on upon frcfh Hopes, but ftill fliort of what they fliould be more skilful in: For at our Arrival there, we found them ignorant of three main Points, that much con- duced to the Work, the Manner of Planting, the Time of Gathering, and the right placing of their Coppers in their Furnaces i as alfo, of the true Way of covering their Rollers with Plates, or Bars of Iron. We found many Sugar-Works fet up, and at work, but yet the Sugars they made were but bare Mufcovado's, and few of them mer- chantable Commodities, fo moiil:, and fujl of MolofTes, and fo ill cured, they were hardly worth the bringing Home for England^ Let us compare th.is with what Sir Dalby Thomas faid above, and what he farther fays on the fame Subject, which he places about the Year 1640, kwan Years before Mv.Ligon2>.xx\vc6.\i\ Barbados, jH^/j Hollander underjiand'mg Sugar, tvas, by one Mr. Drax, and fome other Inhabitants there, draiun in to make a Difcwery of the Art he had to make it. If fo, how comes it they were fuch Novices 7 or 8 Years afterwards ? Ligon's Account of it feems to be moft natural, and there- fore we fhall continue it, being one of the moft con- {iderablc Parts of the Barbados Hiftory, to know when the Cane was firft planted. He goes on, ' About the Time I ' left the Ifland, which was in i{i5o. the Planters were much * bettered, for then they had the Skill to know when the ' Canes v/ere ripe, which was not till they were 15 Months * old, and before they gathered them at 12 j which was a ' main Difadvantage to their making good Sugar. Befides, * they v/ere grown Proficients, both in boiling and curing ' them, and had learnt the Knowledge of making them * White, fuch as you call Lump-Sugars here in England J' One may fee what an Improvement the Canes made of the Lands, by what the fame Author fays of Major Hil/iard's Plantation, which, before the working of Sugar began, might have been purchafed for 400/. tho' it was 500 Acres i and when he came over,, about which Time alfo came Col. Thomas ALdiford, the latter gave 7000 /. for the half of it j and he adds, '7/V evident all the Land there, which has been ewpLycdto thc^tlVorky has found tht like In'provemcnt^ !Ti5 'Tis not gar tempte Fortunes h of thefe wi and others, in Devon/}} By the i ers, the Id well fettled proper to Time. T Spark, and Debaucher for his Hor wards. N Jfham\, tl ThompforCs, Scriven's, t joy it at thi win's, then the Poffefli This Gent roily. Hi and feveral by his Sons^ within Land wards Sir Th and then Co from 300 /. married the j of this Fam Drax was E terity fome (] wood, then . Hayes, then then Fawce then i^Fafer, again • and on which th Nt^edham's ] Sanders^ the Indian Rive called i and built on the ps Hounflqw, /hal\ Cover y we was a Befides, curing them nadc of Uiard\ began, Acres } ne Col. of iti hai ban ne Hiftory of Barbados. 'Tis not to be doubted, but that the Hopes of making Su- gar tempted over thofe Gentlemen in the Civil War, whofe Fortunes had been almof^ ruined by it at Home : The Chief of thefe were Col. Humpfjry PFalrond^ Mr. Thomas Kendall^ and others, whofe Names and Families are very well known in Dcvonflnre and Cormuall. By the Addition of thefe Refugees, and other Advenfr- ers, the Ifland, efpecially the Leeward Part of it, was very well fettled in Mr. BAl\ Government; and 'twill not be im- proper to take Notice what Settlements there were in his Time. The moft Eafterri was one Oyjlines^ who was a mad Spark, and made himfelf talked of for his Extravagance and Debauchery ; infomuch, that 'twas for his Infamy, and not for his Honour, the Bay was fo called, and the Town after- wards. Next to Oyjiinis was WehV^ then Place's, then JJ})a7rCSy then Tiott\ then Knott% then Battyn's, then Thompfon\ then Bar's^ then Ifeblh, then lyeiherfoll's, then Scnven% then Rofs\ then Hotherfoll% whofe Pofterity en- joy it at this Day : Then Glegitt's, then Birch's, then Bald- win\ then Roufe, then Freer, whofe Plantation is now in the Poffeflion of his Defcendant Col. Freer. Then Allerir. This Gentleman was originally of Kent, and of a good Fa- mily. His Son, Lieutenant General Abel Allen, held this, and feveral other Eftates to his Death ; and they arenowenjoy'd by his Sons, the eldeft of which is Col. Thomas Allen. More within Land was Major Hilliardh, where Col. Thomas, after- wards Sit Thomas Modiford, firft fettled; and then Allen again; and then Col. James, afterwards Sir James Drax: The lattet from 300 /. acquired an Eftate of 8 or 9000 /. a Year, and married the Earl of Carlijle\ Daughter. There's no Male-IfTue of this P'amily left, and the Eftate is in feveral Hands. Near Drax was Brome's Plantation, then Stringer\ of whofe Pof- terity fome ftill remain in this Illand. Then Mallin% then Red- wood, then if/w/ again, thenLacy, ihcn Sam's, then May, then Hayes, then Trotl. Next to Allen, near the Coaft, was Bobeny then Fa-jucet, then Warmell, then Kltteridge, then Hamondy then IVafer, then Butler, then Jones, then Birch, then Webb again -, and then Needhatn, who gave Name to the Point, on which the Fort was afterwards built, from thence called Needham'& Fort. Next to him was Cleves, then Wood^ then Sanders, then Mofs, and then Mr. Bell tlie Governor's, near Indian River, fo the Stream that ran into CarliJIe Bay was called i and the Town, confifting of about 100 Houfes, was built on the South Side of it. 'Twas in Ligon's Time as big ps Hounjlow. More up in the Country was Minor\ Mar^ /hal\ Coverly^ and Lc€*s Plantation s and above the Gover- K nor's 9 Id ^he Hiftory of Barbados. nor*s was Marten, Dorelsy Htnuardy Digby^ Green, and Buckitfs Plantations. On the Coaft, beyond the Bridge, was Curtis's. Higher up HilPSy then Holdip\ then Perk\ then Bix\ then Bower\ then Fortefcue-y of which Family there are fome ftill remaining in the IQand. Then Chambersy then Rich, whofe Son, Robert Hich^ Eitji was a Counfellor in King fVilliam^s Reign. Then Haw, and then Peter, Nearer the Coafts was Davies, Edward's, Belman*s, Tri/h^ Retd*s, whofe Defcendant was the late John Reid, Efq; a Member of the Council j and then Miils ; of which Name there was lately feveral in Barbados, and Col. John Mills is at this prefent Time a Member of the Council, and Chief Baron of the Exchequer ; next to Curtish was Reid^s again, near the Shore; then Ajfhton\ then Lambert's, then Cox*s, WincotVs, Ball's, Martyn, Swinow, Howard, Eajlwick, Stone, Morgan, Stallinidge, Fydes, Andrews, Whitaker, JVeeks, Thompfon, Hutton, Brown, and then the Hole Town j, beyond which was Ball's, Legouch, IVoodhoufe. Higher up, were Ahen's, Watth, and Ball's Plantations. The Governor had alfo a Plantation between the Hole and Speighfs. Next to which was Putter's, then Holland's, then Smith's, then Pearce's, then Mar/hall's, then Terrell's, whofe Grandfon, Michael Terrel, Efqj was a Member of the Council. About Speight's were Day's, PoweVs, Ruffeh, Flech's, Treacle's Settlements, ^ore within Land beyond Speight's, were Saltonjial, fValker, Senex^ Buck's, WelPs, Hale's, Sympfon's, Smith's, Tring's, Wafcot's, Rowland, Wright, Nelfof, Ware, Humphrey's, Sandford, Hemingsworth,zn^ Hau- ley's Plantation. The latter was one of the Governors of the Ifland, as will \^t fticwn hereafter. Then Guy's, a very con- fiderable Name in Barbados ; then Parijh j and within Land, Yate's, Duke's, BuJheWs, and Biron's. Next to Parijh's was Dotten's, whofe Defcendant, William Dotten, Efq; was lately a Reprefentative in the AlTembly for the Parifti of St. Andrews, Then Brown's, Stretton's, Parvi's, Cook's, Har^ grave's. Week's, Conyer'Sy Ogles, Stevens, and Macock, whofe Pofterity enjoy his Eftate to this Day. Then Patrick, Cater, Lawrence, and Downman's Plantations, where now is Lambert's Point. There were no Plantations on the Windward Shore, till you come to Chalky Mount, and not above lo or 12 along that Coaft; yet the Ifland was fo populous, that there were muftercd loooo good Foot, and 1000 Horfe; and the Number of Souls, of the Whites only, were computed to be 50000, when there were not i Parn as many Plantations as there are now. Fot For the were raifed And one 1 and an En£ furnifli thel ficient to n paid tohin vernor and made fuch \ Ifland, the] the Harbou if it had bei Harm to th Time, it w piers, Palli(i were made. zine to lay 1 to make a P And now nor and ten 4 Circuits, Pariflies, wl fembly. IV but very ind The Inha! of the Worl boaft, he W( he was wort leaft very ne Their Hai fev; Charibb fecond from neighbouring with Diflioni as any Natio their Yoke i into their Po not fuch grc they have no) Ground, anc tation in the \ However, Europeans, a their Matters kind, was at (heir ill Ufag Tlje Hiftory of Barbados. For the Defence of the Country, a few flight Works were raifed on ch: Coafts, where ic was not naturally fortified. And one Capt. Burroughs^ who pretended to be a Soldier and an Engineer, undertook to make the FortiBcations, and furnilh them with fuch a Store of Artillery as ihould be fuf-> ficient to maintain them, provided he might have the Excile paid to him, for 7 Years ; which was promifed by the Go- vernor and Aflembly. Upon which he went to Work, and made fuch a Fort, as when abler Engineers came upon the Ifland, they found to be moft pernicious for commanding all the Harbour, and not being ftrong enough to defend it felf; if it had been taken by an Enemy, it would have done much Harm to the Landward. For which Reafbn, in a very little Time, it was pulled down, and in its (lead. Trenches, Ram< piers, Pallifadoes, Horn-works, Curtains, and Counterfcarps, were made. Three Forts were alfo built, one for a Maga* line to lay their Ammunition and Powder in, the other two to make a Retreat to upon all Occafions. And now a Form of Government was fettled by a Gover« nor and ten Counfellors. The*Ifland was alio divided into 4 Circuits, for the Adminiftration of Juflice; and into 11 Paridies, which were to fend two Reprefentatives to the Af- fembly. Minifters were alfo fettled, and Churches built, but very indifferent ones. The Inhabitants driving a confiderable Trade with all Parts of the World, grew rich ^ and Col. Drax ah'eady b^an to boaft, he would not think of Home, meaning England^ till he was worth loooo/. a Year, which he acquired, or ae Icaft very near it. Their Hands confiflied in white Servants, Negroes, and a fcv/ Charibbeam. The firll they had from England, the fecond from Africa^ and the laft from the Contbent, or the neighbouring Idands, by Stealth or Violence, and always with Dilhonour : For the Charibbeam hating Slavery as much as any Nation in Amtrica\ abhorred the Englijh for impofing their Yoke upon them ; and *twas very few they could get into their Power by their Pyracies and Invafions. They had not fuch great Numbers of Slaves, Blacks and Indians, as they have now ; fewer Hands were required to cultivate the Ground, and 100 N^roes would manage the greateft Plan- tatk)n in the Ifland, with the white Servants upon it. However, the Negroes were more numerous than the Europeans, and began early to enter into Confpiracies againd their Mafters. The firft [ meet with in my Memoirs of this kind, was about 1 (^49, when they were fo ex&fperated by their ill Ufage, that Hopes of Rcveoge and Liberty put thofe 4, Thoughts II ^^^ M if ■•!itl ft!' 'Mi ! fi^h-i I. . !? '12 ' . ^he Ilijlory of Barbiidos. Thoughts info their Heads, which one would have thought they had not Senfe enough to be Mailers of. VVc mil ft con- fefs, the Planters had not yet learnt to govern their Slaves by any other Ways than Severity. Belides, they were ail Foreign- ers, and confequently had not the Icaft AfFedion for the Country, or their Maftersj whereas now of 60 or 70000 Negroes, which are fuppoled to be in Barbncloa^ 40000 of them are Natives of the liland, as much Barbadians as the Defcendants of the firll Planters, and do not need fuch a ftridt Hand to be held over them as their Anceftors did, tho' their Number's and their Condition make them Hill dangerous. The Confpirators in Governor Belh Time, complaining to one another of the intolerable Burdens they laboured un- der, the Murmur grew general, and the Defire oi Revenge univerfal. At laft, fome among them whofe Spirits were not able to endure fuch Slavery, refolved to break their Chains, or perifh in the Attempt. They communicated their Refo- lution to their Fellow-SufFercrs, who were all ready to join in the Enterprize, and a great 'Number of thefe Malecontents were drawn into the Confpiracy, infomuch that they were the Majority. A Day was appointed to fall upon their Maf- ters, cut all their Throats, and by that Means not only get PofTeffion of their Liberty, but alfo of the lihnd. This Plot was carried on fo clofely, that no Difcovery was made till the Day before they were to puc it in Execution ; and then one of them, either by the Failing of his Courage, or fome new Obligations from the Love of his Mafter, revealed this C'cnrpiracy, which had been carrying on a long while. The Negro belonged to Judge Hothcrjall^ and to him the Dif- covery was made; who by fending Letters to all his Friends, and they to theirs, gave all the Planters fuch timely Notice of the Confpiracy, that the Confpirators were all fecured, and the chief Contrivers of the ot made Examples. There were many of this Kind, and none of them were faved ; for they were fo far from repenting of the Treafon, that the Planters were afraid, ii they had been fufiTered to live, they would have entered into a fecond Plot. As to the Indians, there v^ere not fuch Numbers of them as to be dangerous ; yet many there were, and fome Plan- tations had a Houfe on Purpofe for them, called the Indian irloufe, 'Tis too true, the EngJifl) made ufe of indiredl Practices to get then-: \ but there was one young Fellow lb very cruel and ungrateful towards a young Indian Woman, that *tis a Jjtory not v^aiily to be parallei'd. We find it in Ligcn. This Indian were reafon, :red to [•aft ices cruel 'tis a This \ India a 77 1' Jlijlory of Barbados. ' I j Jmlliin dwelt on the Continent near the Shore, where an Etf glijh Ship happening to put into a Bay, fome of the Crew landed, to try what ' '•ovilions or Water they could find, for they were in Dili x^ci^ : But the Indians perceiving them go up fo far into the Country, as they were fure they could not make a fafe Retreat, intercepted them in their Return, fell upon them, chafing them into a Wood ; and being dif- perfed there, lome were taken, and feme killed ^ but a young Man amongft them ftraggling from the reft, was met by this hdiaii Maid, who, upon the firft Sight, fell in Love with him, and hid him clofe from her Countrymen in a Cave, where flie kept him, and fed him, till they could fafely go down to the Shore, the Ship lying ftill in the Bay, expe«iting the Return of their Friends. When they came there, the Engiijh aboard the Ship, fpying him and his beautiful Savage, for flie was very handfom, fent the Long-Boat for them, took them aboard, and brought them away: But the Youth, when he came to Barbados, forgot ithe Kindnefs of the In- dian Mai3, who \\u\ ventured her Life to fave his, and fold her for a Slave. Thus the unfortunate Tarico, for that was her Name, bit her Liberty for her Love. An Inftance of Ingratitude hardly credible in an Englijhjnan. What could a Spaniard, or a Frenchman, Nations that have diftinguiflied themCelvesfor iheir Cruelty and Treachery, have done more? Would not one have thought, this bafe young Man bad been born in the Land where the Incjui(ition and the Galleys are the Punilliments of light Oft'cnces, and fometimes the Reward of Virtue and Merit. This Tarico was fo true a Savage, that after fiie had been fome time in Barbados, flie refufed to wear Clothes, but went ftill naked. Mr. Ligon commends her Shape and Com- plexion, and her Beauty was not without Admirers, for we find fhe was fo kind to a white Servant belonging to her Maf- tcr, that flie had a Child by him ; and my Author tells ic with this Circumftance, that when fhe found her Hour was come, llie left the Company flie was in, went to a Woo.?, wasab- fent about three Hours, and then retU7ntd Home with her Child in her Arms, a lujly Boy, frolick and lively. ^' ^^' ^^' We have before obfcrved, that there were 50000 Inhabi- tants, Men, Women, and Children, bcfides Negroes and Indians, in Barbadoes, in the Year 1^50, Thus Z/g^;•» th-^t liland. Sir George alfo took three other Hollandt'i s.> a. thuy wen^ failing to the other Iflands. The Hje Hiflory of Barbados. The Governor made as if he would def url the Tfland to the h[\ txtrcmity j the Alarm Was given, and 400 Hcfrfc and Foot appeared in Arms, to difpuce the Parliamentarians landing. The Forts in Carlijle-Bay defended that Harbour ; fo Sir (jrrflr^^ plied up anH Hown the FUand, feeking for a I./nding- place. The Inhau.iants faw him, and the jJigh*^ of fUwh « Fleet, :uming in a holiile Manned, was far horn being nlciifiLnr. The Lofs of the Ships in the Harbouf, the ImpofTibility of their being relieved, and their certain Expeditions of Want, daggered the Refolutions of the moft Brave. How- ever their Loyalty remained firm for (bmc Time, efpecially among the meaner Sers, and Meafuresy according to the IVeights^ Numbers, and Mea- fures ufedin the Commonwealth of England. An kdi to pre- vent frequenting of Taverns and Ale-houfes by Seamen. An Adt for the keeping clear the Wharfs, or Landing-Places^ at the Indian Bridge, and on Speight'; Bay, alias Little-Briltol. An Aift, That the bringing Writs of Errors^ and other equi table Matters:^ before tbt Governor and Council^ to be by them\ determined,. determii cient Cu fans to t certain this If at And Mr. Ra Barbado what G( been a g it^ of h dom mei Wek hut the fome Er right, an( diford; \ Ifland inf( ReduAioi to tafte fi Inhabitani Nations, : Beef froir Part of 1 Bifliop o mance. ' to be dou we have a ' thislflan man; fo grefs, to theNati( tion; wl Trade, d to theP NecefTari Sugars th TheZ)« Expedition, their future dealing wii Advantage England, But let u; We confulti tied them t( I'he Hijlory of'Q2sh2ido%, 19 deUrminedy be, and do continue in Force ^ according to the an* cient Cufioms of this IJland. An Ad: for prohibiting all Per-' fans to encroach upon their Neighbours Line. An kd: for the certair and conjtant Appointment of all Officers Fees within this IJland. And here we cannot but obferve a 2;reat Overfight in Mr. Rawlins's late CoUedion of the Body of the Laws of Barbados, in not taking Care to tell us, in what Year, and what Governor's Time, fuch Laws paft, which would have been a great Help to the Chronology of thislflandj whereas few of his Statutes are dated, and the Governor's Name fei- dom mentioned, till about Sir Jonathan Atkinses Time, We know certainly what Governors fucceeded Mr, Sear I ^ but the before-mentioned Accident may perhaps occafion fome Error in the Succeflion, tho' we think we are in the right, and that his immediate Succeffor was Col. Thomas Mo- Col Tho. diford'^ who had been very inftrumental in bringing this ^o^' ford, Ifland into the Power of the Parliament. And 'twas after this ^''*'"""'* Redudion of the Ifland of Barbados, that England began to tafte fome of the Sweets of the Trade thither : For the Inhabitants before traded chiefly with the Dutch^ and other Nations, infomuch that if we might believe Ligon, they had ^'*&' 37< Beef from Ruffta-^ but herein he is to be fufpeded, and that Part of his Book, as well as others, notwithftanding the fiifliop of Saliftur/s Epiftolary Preface, favours of Ro- mance. That they traded with the Hollanders moftly is not to be doubted. Sir Dalby Thomas tells us, in the Treatife we have already fpoken of; ' That as it was the Happinefsof ^'^iO^- * this Ifland, to learn the Art of making Sugar from a Dutch- * man j fo the firfl: and nwin Support of them in their Pro- * grefs, to that Perfection they are arrived to, exceeding all * the Nations in the World, is principally owing to that Na- * tion ; who being eternal Searchers for moderate Gains by * Trade, did give Credit to thefe Iflandcrs, as well as they did * to the Portuguefe in Braftl, for black Slaves, and all other * Neceffaries for Planting, taking, as their Crops throve, the * Sugars they made.* The Dutch War happening foon after Sir George Ay/cue's Expedition, hindered their trading with that Nation ^ and their future Traffick returned to its proper Center, which was dealing with their native Country. 'Tis very true, for our Advantage Ithe proper Center of the Barbados Trade is England. But let us do the Colony and our felves Juftice, to confefs, we confultcd our own Intereft more than theirs, when we tied them to one Market, and obliged them to fend all their C 2 Com- Ji ■ ••'■■t->J •: : km. SI : % n ,1. ;; M ' ■ • yj^ h/' I l;i :^r '' 20 Ihe Hijlory of Barbados. u \ I I w PI ill ■ilj Cat. Tufton Oovtrnor. Henry Hawley, nor, Commodities to us. Choice of Markets is the greateft Ad- vantage of any Trade : And when about the Time of Col. Modt/hrd's Government, the Parliament in England pad the Ad of Navigation, requiring, among other Things, that the Produdt of all the Colonies fliould be (hipped for England, a Stop was put to the flourifhing State of this Ifland ; and if it continued as it was, without decaying much, the Duties afterwards laid upon it, has fo reduced ir, that well might Mr. William Rawlins fay of it, in the Epiflle Dedicatory before his Colle on off the Bay. Thus Hawley became Governor of this Ifland, and fo- lemnized his Inauguration with the Blood of a worthy Gen- tleman, of a very good Family, being a Relation of the Earl of Thanet. Yet we do not find, that after the Reftoration he was called to an Account, for fuch vigorous Meafures were then thought neceflary, to ftrike an Awe into the Peo- ple, and peaceable Juftice was to cflFed that which Arms could not do before. In his Time an Aflembly was holdcn, who pafled an Ad, for limiting the Affemblfs Continuance j confining their SefliCMi to one Year j the former Aflembly having fat feveral Years, and thelflanders not approving of their Condud. King Charles II. to reward the good Sjjrvices of Francis^ Lord IVilloughly of Parham, reftored him to the Govern- ment of Barbados, with the Title of. Captain General and Governor in chief of the Ifland of Barbados, and all other the Charibbee Iflands. But my Lord did not think fit to re- move thither then; neither did he name a Deputy- Governor, tut contenting himfelf with the Profits arifing by his Govern- ment, flayed in England^ leaving the Adminiilration in Barbaddi Francis, Zor^Wil- lou^hby Cavtriiort Barbadi cxecutiv fince obi Govern( 'Twas Propriety of Carll it being Commifl Purchafe Cent. ab( Aflembly iates in hi TheEi I. to the! fttion that at the Che true in Fa pofition ii built upon of Carlifle it, as the J /oughb}' of i of this PJai Lords wer one of the other took his Reprefe were fo far Time, that chants, Ger, ivithout afki} tradiaed by from the E; to the faid I Governor c which, St. others, were confequently covered, po valuable Co have the like and natural L Barbados, d whether then beobferved, •anctSi t)vern- / and I other tore- rernor, Dvern- on in rbadcs T/je Uiflory of Barbados. Barbadoi to the Council, and they, of Courfe, devolved the executive Power on their Prefident; which has been ever fince obferved, in the Abfence of the Governor and Deputy- Governor, 'Twas in the Year 1661 that King Charles purchafed the Propriety of this Hland of the Lord Kinnvl^ Heir to the Earl of Cariijle, who was to have 1000/. a Year for it (and now it being a Royal Propriety, there was no Occafion for any Commiflion from any one but the King himfelf.) But the Purchafe was with the Barbadians Money, out of the ^i per Cent, about that Time granted to the King for ever by the Aflembly; theHiftoryof which the Lord Clarendon thus re- lates in his Vindication. The Earl of Clarendon fays it was granted by King Charles L to the Earl of Carlijle^ and his Heirs for ever, on a Suppo- ftiion that it had been Jirji difcovered^ pojjejfed^ and plantedy at the Charge of the /aid Earl. If thcle Allegations are not true in Fad, for which we refer to the Hiftory, that Sup- pofttion is without Ground, and confequently the Fabrick built upon it had no folid Foundation. However, the Earl of Carlijle\ Son, after the Earl's Truftees had totally negleiied ii^ as the Lord Clarendon fays, affigned to the Lord IVil" loughby oi Parhaniy in the Year i(>47, half of the Profits made of this Plantation by a Leafe of 2 1 Years. Thus ihefe noble Lords were buying and felling the Soil of a Country, that one of them had perhaps fcarce heard of before, and the other took up the Right to, after it had been abandoned by his Reprefentatives. But the Truth is, thefe noble Lords were fo far from having any real Property in the Ifland at this Time, that the Earl of Clarendon writes. Citizens ^ Aler' chants. Gentlemen and others tranfported themfelves thither^ without ajking any Body Leave^ or without being oppofed or con- tra di^ed by any Body ; but the Leafe to the Lord IVilloughby from the Earl of Carli/le was corroborated by a Comraiffion to the faid Lord Wilkughby from the Prince of Wales, to be Governor of Barbados, and all the Charibbee Iflands, all which, St. Chri/lophers^ Antego, Montfcrat^ Nevis, and others, were included in the Earl of Carlijle*s Grant, and confequently under the fame Suppofition of his having dif- covered, pofleflfed and planted them all. Many of the like valuable Confiderations of thefe Plantation Grants, would have the like merry A{pe6t, if they were viewed in their true and natural Light. As the People who went to and fettled at Barbados., did not regard this Grant enough, or enquire whether there was fuch a Thing in being or not, fo it is to be obferved, thas the Leafe and Commiflion to the Lord IViU C 3 loughby^ 21 t- % nm% :i"::J •. ■■ . V'. t' f 'i f'\ !!'■]!. 22 The Hijiory of Barbados. Uughhy, was at a Time when his Lordfliip, who had all along been ferving in the Parliament Armies againft the King, was fallen under the Parliament's Difpleafure, and no more em- ployed by them ; when the Prince of If^a/es was in very great Straits in Holland^ and his Father King Charles I. in the Hands of the Parliament Army ; which render all theic Regulations about the Ifland of Barbados^ rather whimfical than important, that Ifland being pofTcfled and planted, as the Lord Clarendon tells us, by Perfons who only had a juft Title to it by the Charge they were at in acquiring fuch Pofleflions. The Earl of Clarendon acknowledging, that the Planters infifted that They alone had been at the Charge of fettling the Plantation^ when the Lord Carlifle had not been at the leafi Expencf. thereupon. And this is fo apparent, that the Earl of Clarendon himfelf owns, The Earl of Marlborough had a Grant of the Ifland of Barbados^ long before the Earl of Carlijle had any Pretence thereunto by his Grant from the fame King, on a Suppofition that it was difcovered, poflcfTed, and plant- ed at his Charge. This very valuable Confideration will doubtlefs excite the Curiolity of fomc Perfons to enquire how jnuch that Suppofition has coft the Ifland of Barbados^ before and fince it was declared void by King Charles IPs Council at Law, not for the Intereft of the Planters, the only true and well grounded Intereft in this Ifland, or any other Englijh Colony, but to put the Property of it fo much into the King's Hands, that he might make a Bargain for it with the prefent Pofleflbrs. Several Planters came Home to follicit the voiding of the Carlijle Patent, which they were fo in- tent upon, that Mr. Kendal^ one of them, fell in with aPro- poiition of a Duty upon Sugar, now the 4,- per Cent, atleaft the Origin of it, in " Lieu of the Demands upon the Grant. After what has been faid, what needed my Lord Clarendon have enlarged fo much upon the Earl of Carlijle's Aflignment of it by IVill^ for the Payment of 50000 / Debts, which the Planters of Barbados were no more obliged to concern themfelves in the Payment of, than his Lordfliip or his Truftees were obliged to concern themfelves in the Payment of theirs. The other Agent in England for the Planters, upon this Occafion dropt Mr. Kendal in his frank Acquief- cence with the Duty to be laid on Sugar, alledging the Ifland could not bear fuch a Burthen as loooo /. a Year, which it was computed it would amount to, and the Produce has very well anfwered the Computation. Befides they added, nothing could be done with'^ut the Affembly's Confent, to procure which the Lord Willoughhy was ordered to call one asfoonais be arrived at Barbados^ the Government of which was was conti Regard t( bargaininj arifing frc a fecond Matter's 1 Zealous D pofitions I Aflembly utmoft tc gave Orde to Englanc and Coun< moted the was 21 Ye; Account o Duty of ar Views the^ Charge of hy his Letfc * Behaviour * Circumfta « Pradices] ' Ifland.'— afftcied Par reafonable ^ zealous End of no mann( the Colony. * iatheJnft * did appreb th-t wealthier in the fame * The Lord * not be fuffi * a better T( be kept in Jj till this Gove Intereji^ and ^ay, to pur againft him w Oppojition^ bu tereft or Infli confefles, he cd for Treafo Governor couk Int, to Hone I which was Hhe Hijlory of Barbados. aj was continued to him, and how well he deferved it, by his Regard to the only true Intereft of the Ifland, appears by his bargaining with the Earl of Carlifle for half of the Profits arifing from the Suppofttion Grant, and after he came thither a fecond Time to procure the loooo /. a Year for bis Matter's Ufe, by his throwing Col. Farmer into Jail, for his zealous Defence of the Country againft the oppreffive Im- pofitions the Governor would have impofed on them, if the Aflembly would have confented. This Col. Farmer did his utmoft to pi-event, which fo provoked his Wrath, that he gave Orders for arrefting him, and for his being fent Prifoner to England. When Col. Farmer appeared before the King and Council at Oxford^ in 1655. the Lord Clarendon pro- moted the imprifoninjT him, for which with other Ibings he was 21 Years after impeached. But let the Reader take the Account of it in his own Words, it being the indifpenfable Duty of an Hiftorian to let the Lights he gives have all the Views they will bear. The Lord If^tUoughby feat a full Charge of Mutiny, Sedition and Treafbn againft him, and by his Letter * informed the Secretary of State, of all the * Behaviour and Carriage of the faid Farmer^ with all the * Circumftances thereof; and that he had by his feditious * Pradices prevailed fo far upon a difaffeSled Forty in that ' Illand.' One cannot avoid obferving here, that by dif" affecied Party is meant no more nor lefs, than every honeft reafonable Man in the Place; and by feditious Pradtices, his zealous Endeavours to obftrud any j^inreafonable Itnpofitions, . of no manner of Ufe towards the Advantage and Security of the Colony. Jigain^ * That the Lord Willoughby was obliged * ia the Inftant to fend him aboard the Ship, without which he * did apprehend a general Revolt * the major Part, and indeed th't wealthier, foberer, as well as greater Part, being intirely in the fame Way of thinking with Col. Farmer. J^ain^ * The Lord IVilloughby likcwife defircd, that Partner might * not be fuflfered to return, before the Ifland was reduced to * a better Temper.* Tliat is to fay, that Col. Farmer fliould be kept in Jail or Banifliment from his Eftate and Family, till this Governor had carried his Point againft the Country Interejl^ and removed whatever Letts might ftand in his Way, to puniili Col. Farmer as a Traytor. The Charge againft him was Sedition and 'treafon. His only Crime was Oppojition, but that Oppofition was in a legal Way, his In- tereft or Influence in the JJfembly. The Earl of Clarendon p confefles, he was for fending him back to be tried and punifli- cd for Treafon and Sedition, becaufe, fays his Lordlhip, The Governor could not prcferue his Majejly^i Right^ if he were C 4 difcharged 'Wk 'm. ■,<»;■'. % ^':' 'H 24 rt' ; f^: Hunnphry Walrond, Efiji Pre- JtdeHt. The Hiftory of Barbados. difcharged according as Magna Charta direfled. I have read many Letters from this Col. Farmer to his Correfpondent in London, Sir John Bawdon, and never met with any from our Amer'uan Colonies, among many Thoufands I have read, writ with fo much good Senfe, Politenefs and Knowledge of Men and Things. His Prudence, his Knowledge, his For- tune, was as direftiy contrary to the Lord Jf^tlloughhys Let- ter, as Truth is to Falfliood. His Charader isfo well knowi> in this Ifland, that I am certain I (hall not meet with Oppo" fit'ion in aflerting he was a wife Man and a good Patriot, and when called to it, a good Governor. How the long Parliament in King Charles II. Reign re-^ fcnted this Behaviour of the Earl of Clarendon towards Col. Farmer^ late Prefident of Barbados, is feen in the IXth Article of the Impeachment againft him, T'hat he intruded an arbitrary Government in his Majejifs foreign Dominions, and has caujed fuch as complained thereof before his Ma'jefty and Council^ to be long imprifoned for fo doing. What the Earl in his Vindication fays, ^lews that he was principally con- cerned in that long Imprifonment. His Lordfliip's Words are in his Difcourfe before the King and Council, he be- haved himfelf peremptorily and infolently. This needs no Explanation, every Body knowing that in the Cant of Law- yers and Officers, whatevrr is faid for the Liberty of the Subjed, for Property, or Privilege, to fuch as have offended by afTerting them, is infolentand peremptory. TheTrtith js, Col. Farmer was a iVIan of Spirit as well as Senfe, he bad a great Property to protedt, and almofl the whole Country on his Side, and it was im^oflible for him not to be bold and firm under the like Oppreflion. But to return to ourHiflory; The next PreAdent of the Council was Humphry Walrond^ Efq; a Gentleman who had fuffered for his Loyalty in Eng- land-^ and his Sufferings obliged him to leave that Kingdom, and fettle in Barbados. And when he entered on the Ad- rainiflration, an AfTembly was called, which paft feveral no- table Laws. As an Adt, entitled, An ASlfor the Encouragement of fuch as Jhall plant or raifs Proviftons to fell. An A£i for the better amending, repairing, and keeping clean the common Highways^ and knoivn Broad-Paths within this JJlandy leading to Church and Markets j and for laying out new Ways, where it Jhall be needful. An A£} concerning the Conveyance of Efiates. An Aafor the good governing of Servants^ and ordering the Rights between Majiers and Servants. An \keeping within laying ftng the An The Hiflory of Barbados, jftt A£i for the Encouragement of all faithful Mini/fers in the Pajioral Charge within this Ijland'y as a If o for appointing* and regulating of a convenient Maintenance for them for thu future. An An concerning written Depofitiom^ produced in Courts^ and appointing how the Evidence offtck and lame Perfons^ and of Perfons intended off" this Ifland^ jhall be valid and good. An A£f eflahl'tjhing the Courts of Common Pleas in this Ijland'j declaring alfo a Method and Manner of Proceedings^ both to Judgment and Execution ; which are to be obferved in thefaid Courts. An An appointing a fpecial Court, for the fpeedy deciding Controverfies between Merchant and Merchant, or Mariner and Mariner, or Merchant and Mariners^ about Freight^ Damage^ or other maritime Caufes. They alfo confirmed the Ai:' m>l ■■■1 ?' *': ill 26 I'he Hijlory of Barbados. fingle Perfon therein, than that the publick Reveme thereof tnay he in fame Meafure proportioned to the publick Charget and Expences ; and alfo well weighing the great Charges that there muji be of Necejftty, in the maintaining the Honour and Dignity of his Majejlfi Authority here^ the publick Meeting of the Sejftons^ the often Attendance of the Council^ the Reparation of the Forts, the building a Scffion*s Houfe, and aPriJon, and all other publick Charges incumbent on the Government: We do in Conftderation thereof give and grant unto his Maje/ly, his Heirs and Succeffhrsfor every &c. That is to fay, upon all dead Commodities, of the Growth or Produce of this Ijland, that /hall he Jhipped off the fame, four and a half in Specie for every five Score. Now if the publick Chai-ges and Expences have been de- frayed out of this Duty, if the Honour and Dignity of the Sovereign Authority there have been maintained, if the Charges of the meeting of the Sedions, and the often At- tendance of the Council, have been paid out of it^ if the Forts have been repaired, a Seffion's Houfe and a Prifon been built, and all other publick Expences, incumbent on the Government, anfwered by this Impoft, what Reafon have the Barbadians to complain ? But if on the contrary, not one of tbofe Articles were in the Uaft complied with in all K.mg Charles and King James's Reign; if the Inhabitants have themfelves, by other Taxes, been obliged to defray all the Charges of the Government in this Ifland, have they not Reafon to wifh the Name cf IVilloughby had never been heard of there ? He (hewed he deferved the Poft the King had given him, when for his 1200/. a Year Salary, he got the Settlement of 1 0000 /. a Year on the Crown. That King took Care it Ihould be laid out to the Service of his Privy-Purfe, by af- (igning Penfions out of it to his Favourites, and others. Thus was all the 4. - per Cent. Money loft to the Barba- dians, and the Lord Kinowl was the only Perfon, who had any Intereft in the Ifland, that got any Benefit by it ; for his looo /. a Year was fettled to be paid out of the Monies ari- fing by this Duty. The Lord IVilloughby's Family coming over with him, Henry tVilloughby, Efq^ who was his Son, Brother, or Ne- phew, fettled on the Ifland ; and his Plantation to this Day goes by the Name of Willoughb/i Plantation. My Lord Willoughby undertook an Expedition againft the Spanijh Weji-Indies, as fome report ; but there being then no Wars between the EngliJJ} and Spaniards, we rather fup* pofe it might be againfl the Dutch Plantations^ King Charles having ne Hiftory of Barbados. ij I having declared War with the States. Be it either on a pri- vate or publick Account, he failed towards the Continent, and appointed Henry IVilloughby^ E(q; Henry Hawley, E(qj"en>7 wil- land Si muii Beriukk^ Efq; ro be Governors in his Abfence. S'^ Hemr That they were Joint-Governors, appears by an A6t, uT^Uy, For tht better a/certaining the iLaws of this Ijland^ paHed by ^k' *"** them; The prcjent Governors fubfcribing their Names to thii^^l^^^^ M, Jhall be deemed^ &c. C$virMri. By Virtue of this Ad, Phi/ip Bell^ Efq; ConJIant Sll- vejierj E(q; Robert Hooper^ Efqj Simon Lambert and Richard Evu,.., Efqrs; and Mr. Edtuard Bowdeny Secretary of the Illand, were appointed Commiflioners to colledt what Lawi ihould be in Force there ; and in Purfuance of their Com- miflibn, they colledt ed the following Adls from the Books of the Office, and other fuch Books, the Original Rolls being loft in the Hurricane or Firej An ASi for Officers putting iit Securi*) ; An A£l appointing Security to he given by the Clerks^ Sec. of the fevcral Courts within this J (land -^ Au A £1 giving tower to Church-Wardens to make Sale of Lands^ &c. and concerning Surplus of Land within old Bounds^ &c. An A£f for the Tranfcription andfafe keeping of Records j An Aif con- cerning Trefpafs done by Hogs'y A.> W declaring what Proofs to Bends, Bills, Procurations, LiJers of Attorney, or other Writings Jhall befuffictent in Law, An A£l concerning Vejiries% An A£f to order we Publication and Execution of the ASis concerning the Uniformity of Common Prayer \ An ASl con^ cerning Morning and Evening Prayer in Families. Thejf confirmed the Ads in Mr. SearF^ and Mr. Walrond's Time^ at leaft all that we have mentioned td be pafTed then -, as alfo. An ASi to pr:^ent the Prejudice that may happen to this Ijland^ hy loofe and vagrant Perfons, in and, about the fame ; An A^ for the difpofmg of feveral Fines, that are impofed upon feveral Ptrfons for feveral Mifdemeanors done ivithin this Ifland; An ASl for regulating and appointing the Fees of the feveral Officers and Courts of this IJland'^ An ASf for the Relief of fuch Perfons as lie in Prifon, and others, who have not where" with to pay their Creditors : An Addition to an Ad, entitled. An ASf for fettling the Eftates and Titles of the Inhabitants cf this IJIandto their PoJJejftons in their feveral Plantations within the farm ; An Act concerning the Sale of Lands by Attorneys, Executors and Adminijlrators; An A£i for the Prevention of Firing of Sugar Canes. Theic Laws are very well abridged in the CoUedion of the Plantation Law?, to which we often have referred the Reader, and may be feen at large in Mr. Rawlins's Col- le^ion. The m '■'-(,, I. I. m 1:1 /l K \'^^^ ¥y.-: til Li h ■;■■! . ■[•^'i -ft' T s8 lii, 1 It V' ' 1 1:1 '5 < I i j II til, •;. William Lord Wil- loughby Governar. ^he Hijlory of Barbados. The CommilTioners above-named made the following Re- turn to their Commiffion. * We, the Committee appointed for the compiling of the * Laws, having caufed them to be colledted and tranfcribed, * as appears by a Writing under our Hands, exprclTed in the * Page, the firft Line entered In this Book, and are therein * cxprefTed, and be comprehended in one hundred fifty three ' Sheets of Paper J which being now fairly engroffed in this * Book, do appear to be fifty eight Laws, and are compre- * hended in fifty eight next preceding Pages. And to the * find that our firft Declaration may be rightly underftood, * in regard that relateth to the one hundred fifty three Sheets ' of Paper, wherein the Laws were firft digefted, wc have * thought good here to infert this prefent Explanation, I Given under our Hands the i4.thof Nov. i66j. « Philip BelL * Conjhmt Silvejier* 'Tis well for the Inhabitants of Barbados^ that thofe Laws are more intelligible than this Return; for we fear thq Reader will find it fomewhat obfcureas well as the Hiftorian. This Colledion of Laws was by an Adt of Afl'embly or- dained and eftabliOied to be in full and abfolure Force and Virtue, and were duly publiflied in all the Parifhes of the Ifland, and returned to the Clerk of the Affembiy. They were alfo fent to England for his Majefty's Approbation, and were fully approved and confirmed by the King to be of full Force and Authority, as the Standing Laws of Barbados, none of which have been fince repealed. We fpeakof thofc whofe Titles are inferted in this Hiftory. Francis Lord fVilloughby was caft away, and periftied in the Expedition we have mentioned in the foregoing Pages. Upon which King Charles the lid. gave his Commiflion of Captain General and Governor in chief of the Illand of Barhadosy to his Brother IVilliam Lord IVllhughhy^ who ar- rived in that Ifland, A. D, iSCy, and 'twas by the Affembiy fummoned on his Arrival, that the Laws the Commiffioners coUeded were confirmed. There's one Thing very remarkable in their Addrefs to the Governor, Council, and Affembiy, datec'. the i8th of July, i66j, wherein, after they have decla.cd that their Laws are the only Laws and Statutes which they found ci- ther originally made and enaded, or revived, coUeded, a- tnended, and confirmed, ^f. they fay. There arc two Ads only excepted, wherein they could not determine, which of them was valid, they both importing Cuftoms on all ^he Hijiory of Barbados. 11 the Commodities of this Ifland, hence exported, but only ine of ihcm could be in Force. The firlt of which Ads, fay they, is entitled, An A^ importing the Cujionis, &c. jdatcd the 17th Day of January^ i^5o> which was made d enadled by Governor, Council, and the Reprcfenra- ivc of this Ifland, lawfully impowcred by CommilTion from he Earl of Carlijle^ thereto impowered by Letters Patent Vom the King ; and th^c Ad we cannot fay is repealed, by cafon that the other Ad, dated the 12th of September^ in he Year 1663, importing the Cujiom of 4! per Cent, and Intended to repeal the former Al}^ is not free from Object ions nd Exceptions of fever a I Perfons, who conceive the Affemhly^ hich cenfentcd to the faid laji ASJ, was an Affembly not Ic ally continued at the Time of the making the faid Adl. This Addrefs or Declaration was ligned by all the fcven ommiflioners before- mentioned, who were the moft con- iderable Gentlemen of the Ifland, for Wifdom and Wealth. fen, whom their Country had fuch an Opinion of, that hey thought fit to entruft them with their Laws j and we fee i.ey declared the \\ per Cent. Ad was not free from Ob- iCiions and Exceptions^ &c. If fo, the Gentlemen of Bar- ados have paid 300,000 /. out of Complacency ; for thofc bjedions and Exceptions have not been made \](q of to xcufe them of this Duty. The Hurricane mentioned to have been the Occafion of he Lois of fome publick Rolls, happened the fame Year hat the Bridge Town was burnt, and that Fire deprived us f feveral Records, which would have been ufeful to us in 'ettling the Chronology of this Ifland. We Ihall hereafter be more certain. The Hurricane was ^ar from being fo terrible as todeferve fuch publick Notice; nd if it deftroyed the Rolls, it mull be more through the ear or Negligence of the Keeperj than through the Fury f the Storm. About the Time of JVilliam Lord IVilloughby's coming ;o Barbados^ Sir Tobias Bridge arrived there with a Regi- ent of Soldiers, for an Addition of Strength to the Ifland. he Aflembly provided Accommodations for both Officers ind Soldiers, as appears by feveral Ads now expired ; and we ake Mention of none but fuch as arc now in Force. The (Tembly alfo impowered the Governor of the Ifland, for he Time being, to appoint a Provofl: Marflial there, and afled an Ad, direding how the Clerks and Marflials for the everal Courts of Common-Pleas, within this Ifland, iliall le appointed, and what they fliall receive ; as alfo, An A£f ncerning the CommiJJion of the fudges and their Ajfi/iants. We 29 Jil k. '',\X\ '^^ I t\ ' ^i^i^ ■'TV. 3© William Th# AIT tcr iih rhc '. ving begLwi was puc to till they had The Lor Deputy • w 4/tri>,g Perfc otherxvife^ ft repealing a C to ten Pounds Tear. \n M A£i coticernii cemhery he p appoi'iti^ig Be the other, A\ he figned anc Plantations tc andConJiable, Adsj one en the Conveyam 7%e lltflory of Barbados. We are now at a Lofs how to rccoucile the Stile of the I A£)sof this Aflcmbly with the Hillory; for in all of them before the loth of Mnrch^ i^^y, 'tis cxprcfled, Be it or-\ dained and enalted^ by bis Excellency William Lord Wil. loughby of Parham, iffc. and fuch A6ls arc ligned fi^illianl JVtlloughby: Whereas from the loth of March aforefaid, to the November following, 'tis only faid in the A(Sks that paf.f fed, Be it enabled and ordained by the Deputy Governor^ Couth cil and Affembly \ yet thofc Ads are figned IVilliam WilloughhA £/^/"J5,pJ* By which it appears there then was a Deputy-Governor of| «y Gtvirnor. the fame Name with my Lord ; for no Governor could fign the A61, when his Deputy's Name was in the Stile of it. Wc take this If^illiam iniloughby to be fome Relation of| my Lord's, whom he left Deputy Governor in his Abfence, which was probably in a Voyage to the Chartbbee Iflands, o{| which he was alfo Governor. The feveral Adts figned by the Deputy-Governor lVil\ loughby^ are as follow : An A61 to prevent forcible and clai.' dejiine Entries into any Lands or Tenements within this IJIand\ An A^ for reducing the Inter eji to ten Pounds for one hundrci in a Tear. An A£i for preventing the felling of Brandy an^ Rum in tippling Hoiifes^ near the Broad Paths and HighwapM /P"''tin^ Pfoj. within this If and; An A6i declaring the Negro Slaves of thM other Bills- A JJlandto he real EJi ate -^ An A5i for repealing a firmer Am Courts of Ccrr, efiablifhing Market-Days. The next A61 that pafled, was bl ^l^'ufe of Lau his Excellency, IVilliam Lord Willoughby of Parham^ l^M for the trying oj entitled, An ASffor regulating and appointing the Fees of /fl mthin this IJJc feveral Officers in this IJjand^ and other publick Mintfierm Etts of the Sec which is figned by my Lord : And I muft either be right m About the i my Conjecture, that there was a Deputy- Governor namtf of Aflembiy, tVilliam Willotighby alfo, or my Lord confirmed the A ' "^ which his Deputy- Governor pafled in his Abfence, withoi being named, and without figning themj which is very ui reafonable to believe^ for till they were ligned, they werenci Eftate. Laws. I In July^ My Lord reafluming the Government after 8 Months All Prevention of ^ fence, pafled mother A6i for advancing and raijing the Valm ton having dis of Pieces of Eight, and foon after that removed to EnglaiM the Committe« as wc imagine by his long Stay, for he was abfent 4 YearsI repay him as n or to the Charibbee Iflands, to fettle Antego j which, as m burfemcnts. are informed, was his Propriety. I In February^ In the mean Time, the Damage done by the late Fil ^ncured Ginger at the Bridge was more than repaired, for the Tow of Aiay, 16 j 2 was rebuilt and enlarged ; the Buildings being of Ston more beautiful, and not fb much expofed to a fecond Co flagration, as the former Huuffs. •n William, jLt^ Wil. loug.by, Cov\,:mr, the Town of ceiver Genera Money, a Bill i^ and An Aa com The laft Aft p; 5th of this M 3» lie Hijlory of Barbados. Tli^ AffemhJv, by a particular A61, appointed what Ma- tfriils 'he7ov n Hioulii be built of; for the Inhabitants ha- ving beguii to run up llight Houfes of 1 imbcr again, a Stop was put to further Huilding by a lormer Adl of Aflcmbly, till they had taken that Matter imo turthcr Conlidcration. The Lord IVillcughby left Col. Clrijiuphtr Codringfon, hisChrift'^phef Deputy: who in Feb. i(S68, palled an AcK pnhibitins wan- ^'i**''"^'""' tlnihg ferjons from carryi/g (aooas and Ihara^ tn l acks^ortj-Uuvtrmu otherxvi/fy from Hcufe to Houje^ in th'n Iflahd-^ and an iKQi for rcfealitig a Clauft in an ASf^ tntiii dj An Ail reducing Intere/l to ten Pounds of Sugar for one hunund Pounds of Sugar for one Year. In May ^ 1669, he figned an Adt, called, Jn additional ASi concerning the Conveyance of EJfatcs. On the a2d of De- cember ^ lie palled two other Uills ^ the one, entitled, An Atl appointing Bench Aiiiom^ and the Manner of proceeding therein \ the other, An A6t concerning Spaniili Money. The next Day he figned another Bill, called, An ASl appointing Ovirfeers of Plantations to off date and a/ii as Surveyors of the High-ways^ andConJiables, The 1 1 th of A,f w/?, 1670, he pafled two other Adls i one entitled, An additional A£i to the Act concerning the Conveyance of EJlates ; the other, An ASi to prevent fpiritin^ People off this- Ifland, In OSloher he figned four other Bills • An additional A£l to the Adl for ejiablijhiug the Courts of Ccmmon-P leas within this Ifland-.^ An ASl to prevent Ab'ufe of Lawyer Sj and Multiplicity of Law-Suits ; An ASi for the trying of all petty Larcenies at theJeveral^arter-Sefftons ivithin this //land '^ An A^ for regulating and appointing thi Fees of the Secretary of this Jjland. About the fame Time, James Beek^ Efq; procured an Adl of Aflembly, impowering him to build a publick Wharf in the Town of S10 Michael's j and Mr. Richard Rummy., Re- ceiver General of the Illand, having embezzled the publick Money, a Bill paiTed to recover the publick Debt from his Eftate. In July, 1^71, the Deputy Governor figned the Bill /cr Prevention of firing Sugar Canes; and Mr. IVilliam IVithing' ton having disburfed Money relating to the publick Affairs, the Committee of the publick Accounts were appointed to repay him as much as the Country had benelited by his Dif- burfements. In February^ An Adt pafled to prohibit the tranfporting of uncured Ginger of this Ifland', and two other Ads on the 5th of May., I<^7^j viz. An A6t for the annual rating of Liquors \ and An A6i concerning Forejiallen and Ingr offers of Proviftons : The laft Adt pafled by the Deputy-Governor, was figned the 9th of this Month, and was a very ufeful one, as has been ^ i< und ^•l r ''mm ;»■ 1 ■■Hi : ii'-l .',■1 32 'A h •'. ■ 'r ■f' f; 5r .' Lcri Wil Joughby, Covirnor, Sir Jona- ^e Hiftory of Barbados. found (ince by Experience; 'twas called, An ASi concerning Perfons intended to depart this IJJand^ and the fetting up their Names in the Secretary's Office^ and Warrants of Arrejl. Not long after this, the Lord IVilloughby returned to Bar- bados from England or the Charihbee Iflands, and ftayed here till about the Time that there was a flew Governor named in England^ which was in 1674. We have not learned whom this Lord appointed to be hfs Deputy-Governor, or who was Prefident of the Council, when he left the Ifland j or whether he ftayed after Sir Jona^ than Atkins^ the new Governor's Arrival, which was towards the latter End of the Year 1^74. But fure we are, the Lord Willoiighhy figned a Bill the 29th of January, 16 jz^ entitled, A declarative A£i upon the A£i making Negroes real Ejlate-y and that We hear no more of him in this Ifland, where the Willoughbfshzd been long Mafters. Upon Sir Jonathan Atkins's Arrival at the Aftembly, he than Atkins toolc up his Refidcncc at FontabelU about a Mile and an half CavtiMT. from the Bridge, a Plantation lately belonging to Mr. Spring- ham, which was rented for him at 506 /. a Year, and the Af- fembly confirmed the Leafe of it to him, enabling, that the Rent (hould be defrayed at the publick Charge. The firft Ad paffed by Sir Jonathan, was called An A£l for taking off" the 80 Days, after Execution for future Con- traSls. At this Time, Mr. Edwyn Stede, was Deputy Secre- tary, and Mr. John Higginbotham, Clerk of the Aflembly. This Bill was figned the 25th of March, 1^75- By which we may fee the Governor came hither in the Year before. In April, he paffed an A&for regulating the Gage of Sugar, 'Twas in this Governor's Time, that the Merchants of London and at Barbados were feverely and unjuftly dealt with by a Society of Men, calling themfelves the Royal African Company of England ; who under the Proteftion of the Duke of fork, did as many arbitrary Things as Men could do, who were not Sovereigns as well as Tyrants. We fliall fpeak of them more largely el fewhere. Sir Jonathan Atkins had Orders to feize ill Interlopers ; fo thofe fair Merchants were called, who, at the greateft Hazard, endeavoured to fupply the Plantations with Negroes, which none were to import, but fuch as had fubfcribed to the Monopoly. We fliall not pretend to give an Account of all the Ships taken by the Men of War, Governor, and Agents, to feed the Rapine of this Company, nor how many Families were ruined by them, who afterwards were ruined themfelves, and became the moft contemptible Society of Merchants 4 ini » 'i< rn'tn^ their Bar- ftayed lamed be his Duncil, Jona- )Wards ;, the 1672, 1CS real IQand, )ly, he an half Spring- the Af- chat the An AR re Con- y Secre- ffembly. which In y )re. ar. hants of I alt with African he Duke do, who I fpeak of :rlopers ; greateft I Negroes, :ribed to the Ships to feed! [lies were I |etnfelvcs,| lerchantsi inl The Hijlcry of Barbados. in Europe^ with the moft pompous Name: We are now come to fpeak of one of the moft dreadful Events that ever happened to Barbados^ which Illand had lately cfcaped the Terrors of the War; for de Ruyter 'w\t\\ a Fleet of Dutch Men of War came to attack it, but found the Inhabitants (o well prepared for their Defence, that after having made a Bravo of a few Shot againft the Forts at the Bridge, he drew off. 'Tis true, he had no Number of Land Forces aboard, and Barbados was never more populous than at this Time, for the Ifland could fpare loooo Men able to bear Arms, and have as many more to follow the Bufinefs of the Field, befides Blacks. The Government ordered a good Body of Troops to the Coafts, and they appeared in fuch Crouds on the Shore, that the Dutch Ad- miral contented himfelf with throwing away fome Powder and Ball to no Purpofe, and failed away. The Hurricane that happened the 31ft o^ Auguft^ i<^7?r was the worft Enemy this Ifland ever knew, except it were the ProjeSiors^ and Contrivers of Taxes in England. The Leeward Part of the Country fufFered moft ; for the Sugar- Works, and Dwelling- Houfcs were all thrown down ; very few Wind-mills, except Stone-mills, ftood out the Storm. The Houfes and Sugar- Works to the Windward were very much ftiattered ; the Canes were blown down flat, and fome up by the Roots. All the Ships in the Road were brought afliore ; the Pots in the Curing- Houfes were all broken. Windward the Storm was not fo violent. From thence Lee- ward, and all over Scotland^ there was neither Dwelling-houfe„ Out-work, or Wind-mill ftanding, except a few Stone-mills^ All the Houfes in the Bay were blown down, as were moft of the Churches; andalmoft all the Corn in the Country was deftroy*d. One may guefs at the Lofs, when at two Plantations, be- longing to Mr. John Bowden^ and Mr. John Sparky the Damage came to no lefs than 6000 /. Others, who could not fo well bear the Lofs, were totally ruinel. There had been a Hurricane the Year before, when the Damage done was net inconfiderable, but none of the Houfes fell J and Mr. Spark before-mentioned, writing to his Part- ner Mr. Bowden, then living in London, has this Expreffioa in his Letter; ' I have been in two Hurricanes fince my * laft coming hither, which were nothing comparable, and • but Flea-bitings to this.' 'Tis fomewhat out of the Way indeed, to compare a Hur- ricane to a Fl^a-biting \ but confidering this Man's Bufinefs was not Metaphor and Simile, one may conceive an Idea of the Terribleneis of the laft Tempeft by the Comparifon. VuLIL D S* 33 I- J • m '34 Tie Htjiory of Barbados. Sir Jomthan Jtkins ipimcdiately fummoned the Aflembly together; and when they met, they took under Conlidera- tion, how to prevent Creditors being too hafty on their Debtors after this Calamity. For the latter would have been forced to deferc the Ifland, had thofe they owed Money to come upon them at that Time. Had they gone, thofe who remained would have been in great Danger of their Negroes whom the Inhabitants were at that Time very much afraid of. The Aflembly agreed to fend Home a Petition to the King, to take off the 4' per Cent. Duty, as the only Means to fave the Colony from Deflrudlion : For befides that their Canes in the Ground were all ruined, the Planters were forced to take off fo many of their Hands, to employ them about re-building their Houfes, that, there v/as no Likelihood of their having a Crop the next Year. At the fame Time they fuffered alfo by Want ; for the Supplies of Provifions that ufed to be fent from Neiv-Engkndy were in a great Meafure ftop'd, that Colony labouring under two fevere Judgments, Peflilencc and War ; infomuch 'twas feared the Indians would overrun them, which however did not come to pafs, as we have fliewn elfewhere. The I.ceward People made very little Sugars for two Years ; and the Diftrcffes of the* Planters were fuch, that 'twas thought, if ever the 4 f /'^r C^-w^ would be taken off, 'twould be then. But there was no fuch good News for the Bar- badians. King Charles had his NccefTities for Money, as well as his Subjects, tho' perhaps not for as juftifiable Occa- fions. The ^' per Cent, was a good Fund for 100,000/. And who could expedt fuch a Gift, at a Time when even the Exchequer was under the Scandal of Bankrupts ? We do not find the Affembly paffed any Ad to relieve the Sufferers in the late Hurricane, nor any Thing tending there- to, unlefs it w-as, An Afifor Allowance of afecond free Entry far the dead ProduSlton of this TJland^ lofi or taken^ relating to the 42 per Cent. For the Commiilioners of the Cuftom- houfe would not allow the Planter, if he had paid the Duty of 10000 Pound Weight of Sugar, and 'twas loft in the Harbour, to (hip off a like Quantity, by Virtue of the firil ■ • Entry, as now he was allowed to do by this A<^t. The Houfes being levelled with the Ground by the Hur- ;:^ . ricane, the beft Planters in the Ifland lived in Hutts ^ and / when i<;iey built again, were afraid to run up their Houfes to "• any Height for a long Time. The Terror of this Tcmpeft iluck fo upon the Inhabitants, that few People cared to med- dle with Eftates, tho' they had Money to bu^ them, feeing to what Accidents they were expofed. In , o — — ttnent, or th with this ur made a PrifJ Frigat to Ba many Friendj There wa much compli ceffity of the ceits, to engi feflions; and Provifions, w exorbitant Pri This Griev nor, Council, I prevent the In by Forejiallers^ On ''the fan paft, to explaii of Common I Sir Jonathan j in open Market I Dues., and Ser The Goverr l/inifli the Fort ones, where 0< I broke out in £i Iproviding again \lhe more effedw \mitled^ An Ai from Popijh Ru I'^O'j 1678; T^he Hiftory of Barbados. In April ^ i<^7 to England^ was pleafed f Teftimony o to his Perfor of the earlie which ail goo Affembly htn »/ giving Tick this Ad tells Perfons hav Leeward-IJl, ^^^^ them and others are left in j "T'l^ feidti Several ofF th other Bill he •pen Markets In March . taining the Bo Chmh-Tard^ l%e Hijlory of Barbados. 37 dcfcrve the Favour of the Society : But they wanted a Nfan of more Severity, and lefs Honour, and procured one in 4iis Succeflbr, Sir Richard Button ; a Man of fuch Principlo;, ^<,v Rirh iri that in any other Reign he would not have been trufted with '^tton, the Government of Providence. He was a complcat Tool ^''^<^''»<"'' of the Court, had been the Duke of Tork's Creature, and was hke to do any Thing he ihould be commanded. Sir Richard fet fail for Barbadoi'm February^ 1680, touch- ed at the Madera s^ and arrived at Barbados in April^ where he was received with great Kindnefs and Refped, and found the Ifland in a very flourifhing Condition. The Aflembly confirmed the Leafe of Fontahelt to him, and having paft an Adt, for fettling the Militia, the Governor would have it infer ted, that all the Soldiers (hould appear in Red Coats ; which pur the Inhabitants to an extraordinary Charge J and, fays Judge Littleton above-mentioned, has driven many a poor Houfe- keeper from off the IJland. The fame Aflembly paft an Adb, to revive and continue an ASly entitled^ An Alt for taking off the 80 Days after Execution^ for future Contrasts. Sir Richard, to fliew his Loyalty, got the Grand Jury, at tne General Seflions of the Peace, holden for the Ifland of Barbados J on Tuefday, the i(Jth Day of Augufi, 1681, to draw up an Addrefs to the King ; which the Governor fent to England^ and his Majefty gracioufly accepted of it, and was pleafed to declare the great Satisfa(S^ion he had, in this Teftimony of the Duty and AfFeAion of thofe his Subjeds, to his Perfon and Governtnent;. And this Addrefs was one of the earlieft of all thofe Addrefles of Abborrences, ^c. which all good Men have fince fo much abhorred. In July, 1682, the Governor figned two Bills, which the Aflembly had pafk. One for the better regulating the Manner of giving Tickets out of the Secretary*s Office. The Preamble of this Ad tells us on what Occafion it paft : ' Whereas fundry • Perfons have of late departed this Ifland, to ^Jamaica, the ' Leeward- IJlands^ and other new SettlefimcntSy and left be- * hind them their Wives and Children, many of which are, * and othen; may become burdenforo to the Pariflies they • are left in ; To prevent, ^c* Tis feid the fcvcre Proceeding. ":?{ this Governor drove fcveral off" the Ifland, and made fuch an A<£fc ncce(ftif*y. The other Bill he then flgned, was 2S\ A£t appointing the Sale in •pen Markets of Effe£ts attached for Arrears. . In March following he figned another Bill, for the afar- taining the Bounds of the feveral Parijhes^ and encloftng the Chnftb-Tards within this IJland. And foon after he re- D 3 turned W'. »l 1 - *''i^"* 38 Ihe Hijlory of Barbados. \f ^ •ir ■ Henryw l-f feed to England: 'Box in April, i<)83, wc find Henry ror.d, Ej' LuHt, Gi vrrnvr of £j bados. ' //, f /»/■.* >"/r Richard Dut:on CO' xtrmr. ii - rnd, Efqj Lieutenant General of the Ifland of Barba- f ; .inJ « Seflion of the Peace, of Oyer and Tertninery was !'ttn before him the 2d of that Month. I'he Grand Jury drew up an Addrefs, of the fame Stamp with the former j which, to life their own Words, was pre- fented by their noble and high deferving Governor. In it the Gentlemen were pleafed to rejoice in King Charles the Second's known Piety, and in the Loyalty and Prudence of their Religious Governor ; who had Jiijied and difcounte- named FaSiion and Fanaticifm in the very Enibrio. They tell the King, ' Their Mind had been infinitely ruffled and * difturbed, at the Notices they had of the many Attempts * and Offers that had been lately made in their native Country * of England^ and by the rebellious Heat of forae Spirits, * hatched in Hell, to (bake his Majefty's Royal Throne, i^c' They declared, * their Deteftation of that curfed Paper, * the Affbciation ; and that they were hearty Lovers and Ad' * mirers of Lis dcarej} Brother.' Indeed there's fomething (b very extraordinary in the Truth, Eloquence, Grammar, and Moderation of this excellent Ad- drefs, that we are forry we have not Room tor the Enter- tainment of the Reader, to fliew him. what a noble Addrefs Sir ^/f /'tfr*/ gave himfelf theTrouble to carry three thoufand Miles, andprefcnt as a grateful Offering to his Mafter, who, \\% faid, was pleafed to receive it very graciouily. But little did thefe worthy Gentlemen of the Grand Jury think how foon they would have Reafon to turn their Ad- dreffes to Remonftrances, as will be related in its proper Place. Sir Richard Duiton returned to Barbados in the following Year, held an Affembly, and paft an Act, for morefpeedy Re- medy in Dijirejfes taken Damage fefant^ and Trefpajis done by Horfesy Cattle^ and other living Chattels. As alfo another, to impower Attornies to confefs Judgment upon particular War- rants, And another, declaring how Piracies and Felonies done upon the Sea^ Jhall he tried and punijlied. At this Time a Law was made, for appointing a Treafurer for the Ifland, who was Col. Rich. Salter: And the Rebel- lion in the pyeji happening in the next Year, the Govern- ment of Barbados pafled a levere Adl againft thofe Rebels that I were fent thither; whereby their Condition was rendered al- moft as bad as the Negroes. But 'twas then the Mode in England, to make all Merit center in an;4mpUcic Loyalty ; and why fliould not the Barbadians be as mad as others? The Bill was called, /Vn Ad^for the governing and retainingl I * withinl within th mojl facr ported frt Lieute Addrefs, ^\s Difplc but how by his Re| ' Anotl * have be * tioncd ( * him, m; * and Ten * Commii] * {^oEngk ' And at I ' where hi * Stranger, * and that * was piea(( * der, Ruii; ' iy, PJantj * the Calar ' is not fit ' ported by * and Und( * conftant E ^ the public \ Tent their/ ' dosy who as by the 1 his Majeft him of fiv( of his go( * with a pub * Court of i * was brougl And this I * was not th( * againfl him * but merely * nyof iome This Gen once Goverr had bani/hed "the Hijlory of Barbados. 39 within this IJland^ allfuch Rebels convi^f, as by his Majf/ifs mojl facred Order ^ or Permit^ have been, or Jhall be trarif' ported from his European Dominions to this Place. Lieutenant General Walrond, notwithftanding his loyal Addrefs, and the Polt Sir Richard Dutton left him, fell under his Difpleafure; for what, my' Author does not ». rbrm us; but how feverely and unjuftly he was profecuted, will appear by his Reprefentation of the Matter. ' Another remarkable Example of the Inconveniences xhty sir Vf^Xhy * have been, and are liable to, is that of the before-men- Jj\°"^j^j^ * tioncd Col. IValrond-^ who upon a bare Suggeftion againft&c. * him, made by a Man fairly tried before a Court of Oyer * and Terminer ; wherein he was but one, tho' the firfl: in ' Commiflion, that was commanded from Barhudos hither * (to England) where he has been detained above three Years. * And at laft upon a full Trial at an Affizes in the Country, ' where his Adverfary v^^as powerful, and himfelf utterly a * Stranger, there was given againft him but 30 /. Damage; * and that for no other Reafon, but that the Court- Judge * was pleafed to over- rule this Plea : Whereby fuch a Difor- * der, Ruin, and Diftradtion of his Wife, Children, Fami- ' ly. Plantation and Eftate, has happened to him, that as * the Calamity is not to be exp .iTed, and for fome Refpeds * is not fit to be related ; fo it could" never have been fup- ' ported by any Man, but one of an extraordinary Fortitude * and Underftanding ; which he has demonftrated, by his * conftant Endeavours under his unjutt Oppreffions, to ferve * the publick Intereft of thofe Colonies, and rightly to reprc- * fent their fad Condition at Court; cfpecially .that oi Barbae ' dosy who was fo kind and juft to him a. his coming thence, ' as by the Reprefentative Body of that Ifland, together with * his Majefty's Governor and Counil, to make a Prefent to * him of five Hundred Pounds Sierling, in Acknowledgmeni: ' of his good Service he had done that Country, together ' with a publick Declaration of his juft Proceedings in that * Court of Oyer and Terminer ^ and efpecially in this Cafe he * was brought over upon.' And this I muft farther cbferve to the Reader ; * That it * was not the leaft Criir4e of State was fo much as alledged * againft him, for baniihing him fi:om"5«r^^ 1688. and the 2d of j October, he pafs'd another, call'd, An Act for binding out isnd ordering poor Apprentices. The 43 44 ^^^ Hiftory of Barbados. The AlTcmbly prcfented him with looo/. Sterling, ind p^fr*d a Bill for the better regulating of Outcries in 0pen\ Market \ another for the fecti\iti^ the Fojpjfton of Negro/>s\ and Slaz'is ; and another, to repeal an Adf^ entitled^ An Af.\ i to prevent Depopulation j which Mr. 8tede fign'd the 19th of Deetmber ^ and is the la(t A6t he pafs'd, that is not obfoletel or cvpir'd. Upon the Revolution in England, his late Majefty King] prUliam the flld. of glorious Menaory, continu'd this Cotn- miflion to the Lieuten;int Governor, till he appointed JamtA Kendall, Efq; to be Captain General, and Chief Governor of Barbados, and other the Charibbee-lihMs. This GenJ tleman had an Inrereft upon the Place, to ufethe BarhadoA Phrafe, (for the Klanders always call an Elldte an Intcreft) [ tnd was the more welcome to the Inhabitants. We find the AfTembly pafs'd a Bill, for the further Ac^ eomtnodation of his Excellency in his intended Voyage j which! being done before his Arrival, we cannot well comprehend what they meant by it. It could not relate to Mr. Stede^ fori they never gave him the Title of Excellency, he bcingonlyl Lieutenant Governor. Before he left Barbados, or Col. Kendal arrived there, the Peopleof St. CAr/Z/o/t/^^rrj, and the other Leeward Iflands,] being diftrefs'd by the French, apply'd themfelves to the Go- vernment of Barbados for AfTiftance. Mr. Stede referr'dl the Matter to the AfTembly ; who, upon S\t Timothy Thorn hiii's oflf'ering to go himfcif at the Head of a Regiment, tol tncir Relief, alTenied to it, as did alfo the Governor andl Council. While the Adminiflration was in Mr. Stede*B Hands, il Difference happen'd between the Lieutenant Governorl tnd Six Timothy Thornhill: The former proiecutcd him atl Law, and Sir Timothy appeal'd to the Kir^ and Council J who were fo far from giving him Relief, that he was! condemned to pay 500 /. to the King, and 1500/. to th«| Lieutenant Governor, The Matter, which, as I am in-| form'd, were Words fpokef>, had foroc tinall Relation to both Governments, bye nothir^ that was worth caking No tice of. Having this Warrant for it. Sir Timothy order'd thd Drums to beat up for Volunteers ; and in lefs than a Fortj night's iiirv€, be rajs'd a Regiment of 700 able Men, wii were all of them (the Commi.^n Officers excepted) furJ nilh'd with Arms, iSc. for this Expedition, at the Charge oj the Ifland of Barbados. Tranfport Ships were alfo provided tij c«rry them to :\ Chrijhplws* TIk Soldiers embark'd tr It The Hijiery of Barbados. 4j id of Auguft^ \6%f). and fail'd the fitmc Day. What I Sir Timothy did in this Entcrprixc, wi 1 ht fpokcn of in the JHiftory of thcfe Places, whae tlic Adlions pafs'd. Col- Kendal cmbark'd for his Government aboard a Squa- jamexKcn- ldronof Men of War, commanded by Commodore fyright^^i^U P-fy, with whom went alfo the Earl of Inchiqueen^ appointed Go- ^''*'"'*'* vernor of "Jamaica. The 3d of May iWi^ Hcet arrived ac \Madtrat and at Barbados about the beginning of June, Aboard /i^r;]^/f>/'s Ships was the Duke of Bolton's Regimenr, which was for the intended Expedition againft the /W«t7j io the Leeward Iflands, where Sir Timothy Thornhill, now Major General of the Army, remain'd with his Barbados Regiment, In /fpri/y 1990. there was an Earthquake at BarLado^^ I but it did no manner of hurt to Men or Cattle. Tv/o very [great Comets appear'd in thofe Parts of the World i and in Ian Hour and a Quarter's time, the Sea ebb'd and How'd, )tt an unufual Degree, three times. Mr. Stedey the late Lieutenant Governor, removed to \England^ and fettled in AVn/, where his Family have lung Ihad a Seat ac Stede-hill. Col. Kenda%\ on his Arrival at BarUdcs^ contributed his lutmoft Endeavours towards carrying on the Leeward fc xpe- Idicion with great Application and Succefs. Several Gentle* Imen of Barbados went upon it, and in a Fortnight's time Ithe Fleet was difpatch'da: the Bridge, and fail'd to Ntvisy as Iwill be mention'd elfewhere. The new Governor having fummon'd an Aflcmhly, they Ipafj'd an A(St to encourage Artificers and others to takt Ap^ preniicesy which he fign'd the ift of O^oher, 1690. At vhich lime George Paine^ Efq; was Clerk of the Airembly, and Mr. John iVhetftonfy Deputy Secretary j it being cufto* lary for thofe two Officers to iign ml &Jls in Barbados^ as k\\ as the Governor. In November^ an AiSl pafs'dy2>r the hettir afctrtaining how \ht Bonds forfeited for carrying Perfons tff this IJJand with' \ut a Ticket^ jhall be employ d-^ which the Governor fign'd the 1 7th of December \ as alfo a Bill to ejiablijh and afcertain tht Bujhtl IVeighty by which all fi>rts of Corn^ Pulfe, or \iher the Prodnce of *his Ifland-, Jhall be bought and fold. At this time. Freight ot Sugars ran fo high, and Mailers of Ships were To exorbitant in their Demands, that the Go> ^ernment oi Barbados Was forc'd to intermeddle in the latter, and an Ad pafs'd for regulating the exorbitant Rates hmana*d and received by Majiers of Ships and ethers, for Freight af Sugars^ &c. for ^rope. By which no Com- jnder ot* a Ship was to have more than 6 s. 6 d. a Hundred Freight M 46 7*/6^ Hijiory of Barbados. Freight for Mufcovado Sugar ; 7 j. tf ^. for IVhites ; 5 x. a Hundred for fcalded, 6 s. z Hundred for fcrap'd Ginger ; and 2 Adiniralfc "^^^^ ^^^^^ rf T'rade^ &c. Their Stile fliews what their Fleet intoB"^'"^^- was to be j and every Thing relating to the Plania- tle WindBO"^ or Trade, is now brought before them, rning the! ^^^ Ifland of Barbados being under their Care, and one en Thelf the moft confidcrable Parts of it, 'twas neceffary to raen- ' Mam ^ * "°^ ifeafc ; f Men as Tent in the threat- boat of and all f War, the beft :hat Ex- cceeded leet, ar- ivoy, he I iving re- re plying e of the nto tbeir hich was ies Ships, ««/, and loth, but thislfle, with the February. the fan^e ther with ; and at fance^ the eavour to l>, and the e faw 16 ed by the s. St '. :■■ ,1,. vl>»*.'i This Plot and brought cunning, as i by the PelUh have a betti Purpofes, the fofoolini, as thought of tf Could they i Would it hav Mafters? Ar Slaves to Slave tians would ha or Repubiick, ^2 7/^^ Hiflory of Barbados. tion the eflablifliing this Committee ^ of whom we may have Occalion to (jpeak in this and other Parts of our Hiftory. Bclides the Mortality in Barbados in the Year 1692, there was very unfeafonable Weather, and fuch Rains, that the Planters could not fend their Sugars to the Ports. Moft of the Mailers of Ships who came to this Ifland at this Time, vere buried here; and the Condition of the People was truly deplorable. The Aflembly pafled an AO: concerning Trade -^ which the Governor figncd the 2cl of Aiigufl. And another to ra\Ji\ arm^ and accouter 1000 Men, for an Expedition againjl tht French; tho' Hands were then fo fcarce in Barbados^ that they could ill ff , them. Another A6t pafled, and was figned in O^ober, aj '\Jing an Oath to be taken by allfuch, as h)\ the Laws of this IJland are, or Jl)all be impowered to hear <'«B/)«/f^*^"an'j^^ determine JVrits of Error, and Petitions of Grievances^ '^"•have fufFered i fill other Mailers of Equity whatfoever. Another very ne-B^Qy|j ^^ j^ ceflary Adl paft, and was figned the fame Month ; entitlecM^Qyij ^ j^^^ y^ An A5i for Encouragement of all Negroes and Slaves that Afljooked upon d\f cover any Conjpiracy. mEngland had n( The 'Aflembly earneftly prefled the Governor, and defircBj^Q^^ certainly ' their Agents in England, to write to, and petition the LordiBpgQpjg vi^ould of the Committee, to permit a Regiment of Soldiers, del^j carried the figned for the Leeward Expedition againft the French, to rr main in Barbados when the Expedition was over; and pa sn Adt for free Quarter for them : But we never underftooi that a Regiment was granted them while this Governor ftaii here. The Aflembly pafled an ASi, for prohibiting the felling Rum, or any Jirong Liquors, to any Negro, or other 5/rtw which the Governor figned : But this J^^, like others other Places, has been eafily and often evaded. The Governor had a Prefent from the Country this Seflion and the Grand Jury fitting at the Bridge drew up a vei loyal Addrefs to their Majefties King If'illiam and Quci Ji'lary ; which was prefented ihem by Col. Edwyn Stede, troduced by the Earl of Rochcfier. At which Time his Mi jelly conferred the Honour of Knighthood on Col. Btedt Confidcration if his faithful Services. The Reader may have the Curiofity to know the Reafc of their paffing the Ad concerning the Negroes above-mei tioned. The Preamble to the Ad for their difcovering Coftencc to^batr * fpiracies, tells us : Whereas fundry of the Negroes and -^/^ftontrivance of this Jfland, have been hrg preparing, contriving, and ipiiefeft of th ftgning a mojl horrid, bloody, damnable and detejlable -K'^'ere difcou f lion, Mafjhcre, JlfjojjinatiQn, and Dejlru^ion^ by them to ipndemned^rn"? tom?nittcd) 6cc. Tl [endeavoured to :nd hellilh Jngrj Before we r xpcd 1 know This Dcfign ^imej but the ents about thi ill the Govern hiefly trufled 'afters and 0\ hat Arms, A\ ^Q Bridge-Tow) >eral Regimer igreed who wer ave been farth f the publick I he Store- keepei 'lave. They J may iftory. there »at the /loft of Time, fie was lich thel ^be Hiftory of Barbados. This Plot was the moft general the Slaves ever hatched, and brought neareft to Execution. The Villains were fo cunning, as to obferve the Want of Inhabitants, occafioned by the Peftilence and War, and thought they fliould never have a better Opportunity to accomplifh their diabolical Purpofes, tho' one would think, that Wretches capable of fo foolidi, as well as bloody a Deiign, could never have much thought of the Matter : For what could they pretend to do ? Could they maintain themfelves there without Provifions ? o ^«{A)B Would it have mended their Condition to have changed their linjl i^«B Matters ? And inftead of ferving Free-men, have beea iosy that™ Slaves to Slaves, the French. Or did they imagine: the Chill- is fignedBtJans would havefufFered them to fet up a Negro Monarchy, chy as />]|or Republick, in the midll of their Governments, Englijh^ Dutch, and French ? They would rather have leagued, than have fufFcred fuch an unnatural and dangerous Independence. Would they have returned to their original Barbarity ? How could they have got to Africa ? They would have been looked upon as common Enemies by all Nations: And if England had not thought fit to have chaftized them, as they nd defircBj^oft certainly and feverely would have done, every Chriftian the Loidi^people would have thought it fair to have attacked them, land carried them into worfe Slavery, than what they bafely jendeavoured to free themfelves from, by Treafon, Murder, lid heilil"h Ingratitude. Before we reflect any farther upon it, the Reader will xpcd" 1 know more of the Particulars, which arethefe. This Defign, as has been faid, had been carried on a long itne j but the Confpirators met with feveral Difappoint- ents about the Execution of it. The Confpiracy was to ill the Governor ; and at the fame Time thofe who were hiefly trufted in each Plantation, were to fall upon their afters and Overfeers j and afterwards to rendezvous with - hat Arms, Ammunition, and Horfes they could feize, ac |nd Qucefce Bridge-Town ; where they were to form themfelves into Stede^ iifcveral Regiments of Horfe and Foot ; of which they had e his Mftgreed who were to be the principal Officers. They were to 1. Sude^ Jiave been farther fuppljed with Arms and Ammunition out f the publick Magazine^, by a Negro employed there under the Reafcfce Store- keeper, who was to have been murdered by his above-mejiave. They defigned alfo to furprize the Fort, and from cring Cofcence to batter the Ships in the Harbour. But their wicked \s and 5/ffi^ontrivances were happily brought to Light by two of the hiefelt of the Confpirators, who were over- heard as they ere difcourfing of it j and being im.mediately feized, were ondemned to be hanged in Chains., till they were Aarved to E 5 Death i 53 hear aril nceSi very ne-| entitled, that Jhal Idiers, dt nch, tor , and pa inderftooi ernor ftak e felling 'her Sim I others us Seflionl up a veif \rig, and lable Ri^\ ihm to if ii 'S-' 1 III": (54 7if?t' Hijlory of Barbados. Death ; which they endured four Days, and then finding •■ they were not relieved by the Succour they hoped for from their Accomplices, they promifed to declare the whole De- fign J and accordingly did it, making a full Confeffion, and difcovering the principal Confpirators ; who were fecured, put to the Torture, and feveral of them executed. '' The Laws made on this Occafion are in the Abridgment of the Laws of the Plantations, and in the Statutes at large of the Ifland of Barbados, When we confider that above half of the Blacks are CreoUam^ or Natives of the Ifle, their Folly and iMadnels appear the more unaccountable j that they fliould be willing to change their natural Lords for foreign. If they imagined they could get 10 Guinea^ or could maintain themfelves at Barbados^ they muft be Fellows ot the pooreft ^ Capacities upon Earth, and their Underilanding be as vile as their Condition. This was the greateft Danger the Barbadians were ever ex- pofed to from their Slaves : And the good Laws that were made for preventing the like Confpiracifts for the future, have in a great Meafure anfwered the End. As for the Difpute that happened in this Governor's Time, _ between him and Co\. Hallet ; and the Procefs thereupon, ■ going aihore having no fufficient Memoirs to make a juft Report of the I the Boat's Ci Matter, we can only mention it, and proceed with our Hiftory. The thoufand Men, of which we have fpoken, were rais'd, according to the Ad of the Aflembly, and formed two Re- giments j one commanded by Col. Richard Salter ; the other by Col. John Boteler, both Planters in this Iliand ; and were The Pla Part of th( Himfelf, C fee for a cc The Fre? one of whi( Right Pap, great Contt Forces, but next Day; v with 1500 A immediately Forces alfo li ftore, and c Cul de Sac Works; the The 4th Francis IVhe Men, in the 1 and Piantatioi fame Day a J were killed, ar The dth L\i a ftiong Parr Bay towards returned on jB< The 9th G n intended to join with fome Forces expected from i^'J'^/fl^B Regiment an in order to undertake an Expedition againft AJartinico, A " ' good Squadron of M^n of War were equiped in England^ and failed for Barbados, about the l-ittcr End of the Year 1692, having on Board Col. Foul/t's and Col. Godwin''^ Re- giments of Foot, and 200 Recruits of Col. Lloyd's. Sir Francis Wheeler was Commander of the Men of War;| and Col. Foulks of the Land-Forces, who arriving at Bap badosy was joined by Col. Salter, and Col. Boteler, The Fleet failed from that Ifland the 30th of March, 1^9 Jfore them and on the ift of y//»n7 arrived at Mariinico, where they gn-B Qn the i8t chored in the Cul de Sac Murine. We muft obferve, thalBwithin Cannon the two Barbados Regiments, when raifed, the Gen tlemenlField- pieces w and others. Volunteers, that went from thence with iheiDWnemy who la made the whole Number of Barbadians 13 or 14CO Menl The' 19th above half of the Land-Forces. Iguards, but wei led by Cape. ^/ Imained withou la Council of InVed the 15 th (Shore. Ontheijt Ihad fome Sk jmanded an £.. [Parties, who a nding from eDe- I, and cured, » [gtnent arge of ve half , their at they foreign, naintain pooreft s vile as ever ex. ut were re, have The Hijlory of Barbados. The Place where Sir Francis anchored was the South Eaft Part of the Ifland, about a Mile and half from the Shore. Himfelf, Col. Foulk, and Col. Lloyd, went in a Sloop, to fee for a convenient Place, in order to land their Men. The French had feveral fmall Guards along the Shore ; from one of which a Musket Shot ftruck Sir Francis under the Right Pap, and fell down at his Feet, having only made a great Contufion. Orders were given for landing of the Forces, but the Wind blowing very frefh, 'twas deferred till next Day J when, about 9 in the Morning, Col. Fow/.Manded with 1500 Men, without any Oppofition, The Boats were immediately fenc back, and towards Evening the relt of the Forces alfo landed. On the 3d of April they continued a- (hore, and deftroyed all the Houfes and Plantations about Qui de Sac Marine ; moft of which were good Sugar- Works ; the Inhabitants and Negroes flying into the Woods. The 4th the Forces returned on Board. The 5 th Sir Francis ly heeler went afhore, wi:h a Detachment of 500 Men, in the Bay towards the Diamond, burnt feveral Houfes and Plantations j and at Night came on Board again. The r's Time, H fame Day a Lieutenant of one of the Barbados Regiments hereupon, ■ going arfiore without Orders, with (J or 7 Soldiers, befides (rt of the ■ the Boat's Crew, fell into an Ambufcade: Two of them with our B were killed, and the reft taken Prifoners. The 5th Lieutenant Colonel Lillijlon was fent afliore with ererais'cl,Ba ftiong Party, to deftroy the Country on the Side of the two Re-Hfiay towards the Diamond-^ and having performed the fame, the other ■ returned on Board with his Men towards Night. and wereB The 9th Col. Codrington joined them with Col. Lloyds £tjj;/flMJ,BRegimenr, and the Leeward Forces. But Col. Foulk rc- hiico. ABmained without Adion till the i2th,when 'twas refolved, in £«^/^v(/,Ba Council of War, to fail to St. Pierre^ where the Fleet ar- the Yeailrived the 15 th, and anchored within Musket Shot of the tyi/i's Re«| Shore. On the 17th the Englijh landed, and their advanced Parties lof War;Bhad fome Skirmilhes with the Enemy. Col. Foulk com- ig at iiflr'lraanded an Eminence to be poffeffed, and fent out . feveral Parties, who advancing into the Country, deftroyed all be- fore them. On the 18th the Englijh ported themfelves on a Hill, jwithin Cannon Shot of the Town of St. Pierre j and (everal eniletnecBField-pieces were brought aftvore j which played upon the , ith ihemKnemy, who lay behind their Entrenchments. [4.C0 Menl The 19th the French made a Sally upon Faulk's Out- jguards, but were repulfed by Part of Col. FouWs Regiment, jled by Capt, Sprojion^ who purfued them to their Trenches -^ £ 4. where ss -ck i6<)] re they an- lerve thai 1®;/I • ' ■''.« 't^^l m '■U| j6 ' 77;r llijlory of Barbados. where the Officer rhat commanded them was killed. Col. Blockjio! e luppoitecl Capt. SprcJ}(,n with a I,eeward Regi- ment ; and the Enemy was fo dilcouragcd, that they ven- tured out of iheir Lines no more. Such was the End of this Marthiko Expedition, wherein the Barhad'taus were rather too forward, than othcrwife ; and had the Officers who came from England done their Duty, as well as thefe that came from Barbados^ wc might probably have given a better Account of it. L'or a Council of War being held, 'twas refolved that the Men and Artil- lery fliould be re-imbarked j v. hich was done : And the only Reafon I ever heard of, was, becaufe the Fort was a regular Work j and that, 'tis to be fuppofed, was known uefore the Englijh landed there. 'Tis faia, the Men were lickly : If fo, the keeping them aboard, and carrying them to the Leeward, was not the Way to cure them. The Forces made all together 4 or 5000 Men, and were enough to have difponefTed the French of all their Sugar- Iflands. Co\. Sa/teKy andCol. Boteier, vctamcSio Barbador^ which Ifland had only loft more Hands, and no Soldiers were left to fupply their Places. Col. Fou/k, Col. Goodivin, Major Jbrahall, and other Officers died a Ship-board, and met with an inglorious Death, in avoiding a glorious one. Tis true, the French a: Martinico were enough frighten'd, and moft of the richcil Inhabitants fhip'd themielves and their valuable Effeds for France ; fome of whom were intercepted by the En^Uj)}. t:,d. Frar. , His Majcily King IFilliam having recalled Col. Kenda\ Riiilli, Gu- appointed Col. Francis Rujfel^ Brother to the Right Honou- "*"""'• rable the Earl of Orford^ to be Governor of Barbady^^ and gave him a Commiffion for a Regiment of Soldiers, which were to be tranfported to that lllatid, and there to remain. Accordingly the AfTembly took Care for their Ac- commodation againft their Arrival, Vv'hich was in the Year 1(^94. And Col. Kendal being returned to England, hjj Majefty was pleafcd to make him one of the Lords of the Admiralty. Tho' fome Accounts brought Advice, that the Sicknefs in Barbados was abated, yet 'tis certain, that the Men, both aihore and aboard, died as fall as ever -, and the two Men of War in CarUjle-Bay^ the ^'yger and MenrnJ, wanted Hands fo much, that the AfTembly were forced to pafs an Aft, for fpeedy fupplying them with Men. With Col. Iie Ralph Earl of Tanhrvilly to be Governor of Barbados, and he^^^^J^J* failed from St. Hellens on board the Soldados Prize, the ift of June. He arrived at Aladera the i+th of June, and having been nobly entertained by the Governor, during hu? Stay, failed thence the lil of July, and on the 26th ar- rived at Barbados, The Speedwell, Capt. Coulfea, came thither in Company with the Soldados ; aboard which Ship, in their Paflage from Madera, a villanous Dclign was dilcovered, carried on by one Jonaihari Bear, a Micilhip Man, to furprize and murder the Captain, and afterwards to run away with the Ship. Up- on which Bear, and two other Seamen, who were chicHy concerned in the Plot, were fecured ; and when they came to Barbados, were put aboard the Sharnefs^ and fent in Chains co England, S. • The i1 •*J, 60 ^be Hijlory of Barbados. The new Governor, Mr. Grey, upon his Arrival near the Shore, was faluted by the Cannon from the Caftles and Forts ; and coming to an Anchor, was couiplimented by the Council and Affembly. The next Day he came alKore, the Men of War and the Forts firing all the while. Major Garth's independent Company of Regular Soldiers, and fome Militia Horfe, were drawn up to receive himj and upon his Landing, the Council waited upon him, and conduced him to the Council-Chamber, where his Comn^iflion was read, and the ufual Oaths adminiftred to him, and to the Members of the Council ^ after which they entertained him at Dinner. In the Evening the Governor, attended by feveral of the Council, went to Mr. Bond's Houfe, two Miles from the Bridge-Town ; where he continued till Mr. Hoiher fail's Plantation v/as taken for him, and the Houfe fitted up for his Reception. On Tucfday the ad of Auguji the AfTcmbly met, and attended him in the Council Chamber ; and their Speaker, Thomas Max'Meil, Efq; made a Speech, exprefling great Loyalty and Duty to his Majerty, and congratulating the Governor's fafe Arrival. The Reader will not be difplcafed with a Lift of this Council and AfTembly ; by which he will have a clearer View of the Form of Government in. Bar i>adost and the Governor's Stile. The NAMES of the Governor, Council, and JJpmblj of Barbados, as they were in the Year 1698. His Excellency Ralph Grey, Efq; Captain General and Chief Governor of the Illand of Bar- lades, Sau^ia Lucia, St. Vincent's, Dominico, and the reft of his Majefty's Illands, Colonies, and Plantations in Jmerica, known by the Name of the CharibbeS'lfi'Xiis^ lying and being to Windward of Guardaloup. The Honourable the Members of his Majefty's Council, at that Time. Francis Bond, Efq; late Prefident. John Gilbs, -v Michael Terrill, • John Farmer, / David Ramfey, Richard Scot, 3m;' George LilUngtonK £|. • Ktcbard Scot, \ r;. • i.eorge Andrews, ( ^'^uircs. ^^^;^^;^ ^^^^^.^ ^ l^Iquires. ll-'illiam Sharp, ToL'ias Fnre^ I Benjamin Cryer, ( Richard Walter, \ Thomas Maricki * The The Hijlory of Barbados. 6i The Members of the then General ASSEMBLY, viz. For the Prccinds of St. Michael. Chrtji-Church. St. Philips. Si. John. St. George. St. Jofcpb. Sr. Andrew. St. James. St. Thomas. St. Peter. St. Lucyes. \ \ { { { { George Peers^ Efq; ff^illiam JVheeler, Efqi Thomas Maxwell^ Efq; Speaker^ Daniel Hooper, Efq^ IVilUam Fortefcue, Efq; Henry Markland, Efq; John Lefslie, Efqj James Collitof?, Efq; JP^/^r Flewellin^ Ejqj yt/Z/^j To/)p//7, Efqi 7e^« holder, Efq; Henry Gallop, Efq; JViliiam Clceland, Efqj William Doten, Efqj 7^/*^/ Allcyne, Efq; William Holder, Efq; Thomas Sadleir, Efqj Jonathan Downes, Efq; Samuel Maynard, Efq; Robert Harrijon^ Efq^ yo/;« Gihbs, Efq^ Thomas EngliJ})^ Efq; Upon the Governor's Arrival, the Aflembly fell prefently to Bulinefsj were unanimous and fpeedy in their Debates, and in a Week's Time had two Bills ready j as an Ad to declare (vul a/certain the Rights and Powers of the General Ajfembly cf this JJland ; and an Ad: to fettle five hundred Pounds per Annum on his Excellency^ for his Habitation. At which time we find Mr. William Hart was Deputy Secretary. The preamble to the laft Ad gives us the Reafons why the Go- vernor did not think fit to take up his Refidenceat Fontabcll: IVhereas it is ueceffary and expedient for the Inhabitants of this Ijland to find and provide an Habitation for his Ma^ yjlfs Govcrnnr of this Ijlavd ; and by Reafon of the Decay^ and want of Repairs at Fontabcll, the late Habitation of the Uoveriior^ and the Danger he will be expcfed to in Cafe of jrar^ fo that it is n'j "Ways fit *or his Excellency's Reception ^ ike. But iince it had done in time of War, that Argument in time of Peace might have been left out of the Preamble. f The r/ WM ^r^' ::^.' :if ■ ■ • mm is 1 62 ' The Hiftory of Barbados. The ^00 /, a Year was paid for HotherfaWs Houfe and Plantation, which, 'tis probable, the Governor liked better, and thought to be a better Bargain than the other. 'Tis very certain, this Gentleman was much in the good Graces of the People of Barbados j never any Governor was fo well beloved. He was a Man of Honour j his Soul noble as well as his Eirth, and he was not capable of doing an ill thing by them for his own Intereft. Such Men will foon gain the Affedtions of a Colony, «nd they will in the main find their Advantage by it too ; for People give more when they fee Governors are not greedy, than when they are always begging, or doing worfe. On the 7th of September an Ad paiTed for two thoufani Pounds for his Excellency's Charges of his Voyage^ towardi the bette' Support for the Government-^ the Title of which is not veiy grammatical. Mr. George Payne figned it, ading as Deputy Secretary prchac vice: And Mr. Rawlins^ Clerk of the Affembly, the fame Day procured an Ad to appoint him to colied the Body of the Laws, znd for printing the Laws ef he IJland (j/" Barbados, contained in the enfuing Volume : The V^olume he publifhed, from which the Writer of this Hiftory took fome of his Matter, as the Titles of the J^is^ &c. and that Colledion going down no farther than the above-mentioned 7th of September, 1698, we have no far- ther Helps from him. The fame Day the Governor, Coun- cil, and Allembly, pafled the Ad concerning the General Stjftons. This being a Time of Peace, few Events happened here worth recording. The Mortality continued till the Year 1608, but grew lefs and lefs from the Year 1(^94. In the firft of Mr. Grey's Government it ceafed, and the Ifland grew healthful again, but not in fuch a Degree as it was twenty or thirty Years before; for two Years afterwards, A. D. 1700, the Sicknefs returned : And at the fame Time there was a great Scarcity of Corn and Proviiions j but as the Mortaliiy did not laft long, fo the Scarcity was fupplied by Imports from New-Evgland. About this Time William JVelby, Efq; was made Secre- tary of the Ifland ; jl very worthy Gentleman, who ferved the late Duke of DevonJJjire, and his Grace the prefent Duke, in the fame Capacity. This Office was afterwards made over to Jlcxander Skeyne, Efqj the prefciiC Secretary ofl Barbados. The fame Year, 1700, Sugars were fcarce and dear; and| there happened alfo a Hurricane, which did much Damage, threw down feveral VVarehoufcs, and drove two Ships and two Sloops afhore. In I Hoe Hijlory of Barbados. 63 In the following Year, 1701, the Governor being indif- pofed in his Health, removed to England, leaving the Ad- minirtration in the Hands of the then Prelkientof the Coun- cil, John Farmer^ Efqj in whofe Time his Majefty King I"'^" '^f,- IViliiam dying, the Privy-Council in England noti^td her pre- alverJu fcnt Majefty's Acceflion to the Throne, to the Prefident and Council in Barbados. Upon which Col. /^^^m^r immediately gave Diredlions for proclaiming the Queen ; and on the i8th oi Mcy, 1702, the Prefident and Council, being accom- panied by iVlr. Skcyne the Secretary, Mr. George Hannah the Vrjvoft-Marfhal, and other publick Officers, the Clergy, and Gentlemen of the Bridge-Town^ and other Parrs of the HIand, attended by feveral Troops of Horfe, and the Regi- ment of Foot Guards, went in a folemn Procellion from James Fort to the common Parade, where the Proclamation was made. After which the Forts and Ships difcharged their Guns three Times, and the People gave all publick Demon- ftrations of their Joy on this Occafion. The Prefident and Council, together with the principal Officers and Inhabitants of the Illand, drew up a very handfom Addrefs of Con- gratulation to the Queen, and condoled heartily with her on the Death of his late Majefty : Which was prefented by the Right Honourable Ralph Lord Grey of IVerk^ their late Governor ; for the E;xri of Tankervill being dead, his Bro- ther, Mr, Grey^ fucceeded him in the Barony, but noc in the Earldom. The War was no fooner proclaimed between France and England, but the Gentlemen and Merchants of Barbados fitted out a good Number of Privateers, to ad againft the hemh. Sixteen of them meeting together near Guardaloupy the Men landed on the liland, burnt a great Part of the Weft End of it, and brought otF a good Number of Negroes.. In the (ame Year an Eai :hquake was felt at BarhdoSy which .ifk'd a Minute and a half, but did no confiderable Damage. [Tiie Inhabitants were at this Time more healthy than they bad been for feveral Years before. 'TiiJ laid the Blacks then formed andther Defign to burn the fridge-Town^ and feize the Forts ; but the Plot was timely ifcovered, and the chief Confplrators executed. In the following Year, 1703, her Mijefty was pleafed to i^/r n^'vill nt Duke, Bappoint Sir Bevill Greenvill to be Governor of Barbados \^^^'^^'''^^ ds made ft^d it having been found burthen fome to the Country to "**"**'"• |retary of Jnake Prefents of 200c „'. and other large Sums to the Go- eniors, Orders were fent to put a Stop to that Cuftom ; ear; and land as a Compenfation for this, the Governor's Salary was Damage, fccreafed from xaoo to 2000/. a Year. hips and! This Itif ! and etter, good 'ernor s Soul doing n will in the : more ;n they houfand ardi the 1 is not aing as 31erk of )int him he Laws Volume : of this he Ms, than the no far- Coun- General ned here [he Year In the He liland s it was erwards, ■ne Time ut as the plied by le Secre- 10 ferved mUm 'It • ■ ''mi_ n\ w ,i^ h •^r^ I'HSB M 'ri 64 ^je HiJIory of Barbados. This Government in King William's Time had been pro- mifcd to Mr. Mitford Crow^ a Merchant of London^ Who had ferved an Apprenticefliip to a Barbados Merchant, Mr. Abraham lillard^ and married the Lady Chamberlayne of this Ifland. He kilTed the King's Hand for it^and prepared his Equipage ; but wlien his Majefty was dead, Sir Bevill Greenvill put in for it, and obtained it. The Afl'embly, to compliment the new Governor, appoint- ed Sir John Stanly^ Secretary to the Lord Chamberlain, and Sir BeviW'^ Brother in Law, to be one of their Agents ^ in which their Condudt was courtly indeed, but not very poli- tick ^ for how is it poflible any Man fhould be able to ferve the liland as an Agent ought, who is not fully apprized of her Concerns, who do( s n')t perfectly underftand her true Intereft, and has other Avocations of more Importance, to him at leaft, than his Agency } Sir Bevill arriving at Barbados, a Houfe was built for him and his Succeflbrs, on Pilgrim's Plantation, where he redded. There was a Novelty in the Miniftry here, which was a little extraordinary ; the Sex was (hifted, and the fair Favourite did not lofe her Time nor her Market. On the 27th of September^ her Majefty's Ship the Blad- wall, Capt. Samuel Martin Commander, brought, into Car- lijle Bay a French Frivateer of 12 Guns, and 120 Men, which he took in that Latitude; as alfo, an Irijh Ship bound for Barbados, which had been taken the Day before by the fame Privateer. On the 2d of February her Majefty's Ship the Dread- nought^ having on Board Col. Seymour, Governor of Marj* land, arrived there ; where he flayed a few Days, and then proceeded in his Voyage, having been driven thither by Strefs of Weather. The TQand of Barbados was at this Time miferably divided into Fadtions ; one was for the Governor, and the other againft him. The latter fent Complaints to England, which were contradicted by thofe of the other Intereft, tho' 'twas generally reported, that Sir Bevill Greenvill had done fev'eral unfair Things ; the Particulars of which not being come to | our Hands, they are like to be forgotten. In his Time one Chilton, who made die References to I Cook's Reports, was Attorney General of Barbados. He had the Misfortune to kill a Man there, and being guilty of many male Pradtices, was fafpended : When he came to EnglandA he alfo joined with the Complainants againft the Governor,! and fucceedod almoft as well as if he had been innocent. Thcl 6s y divided ;he othet i, which I tho' 'twas 1 je fever come to I fences to He had of many I EnglaiulA iovernor,! :ent. Thcl fhe WJlcry of Barbados. The Faction In Barbjdos ran fo high, that one Gentleman was accufed of Defigns againft the Governor's Life; but tho' he was fined 2000 I. yet 'tv^as generally thought, there was more Malice than Reafon in the Accufacion. The Gentle- nun was one of the Council, and had we believed he had been guilty, we fliould have named him. In the Year 1705, the Airombly taking into Confideration the great Want of Money in the Ifland, occafioned by the fending away all the Silver from thence, upon the Proclama- tion for reducing Pieces to a certain Standard in the IFeJi' Indies, palled an Act to allow 65000 /. Paper Credit, im- powcring the Treafurer to give out Bills for ilich a Sum, and • lend them to the Planters, on Security of Land and Ne- groes. Job** Holder^ Efq; Speaker of this Aflembly was appointed Treafurer, and was to have 5 per Cent, for ma- naging thefe Bills. The Moncy'd Men were generally againit this Project; for they found their Debtors were glad of an Oppor ' nicy to pay rhem in Paper. The Aflembly who palled the Act being diffolvcd, the next that fat proceeded vigoroully againft thoie who were concerned in it, and fcnt an Addrefs to England to com- plain of it. On the 4th of July, lyod. the Squadron of her Ma- jefi^y's hhips, under the Command of Captain Kerr^ arrived at Barhudos ; from whence they failed to the Leeward Iflands, having on board Colonel Park, who was appointed Go- vernoi of thole Illands. Sir Biv'tll Greenviil being eitlier recalled, or having ob- tained Leave to come for England, her Majefty was pleafed, in Confideration of Mr. Crow's eminent Services at Bar- cflona, to let him fucceed Sir Bevill in the Government. The latter embarked on board the Kin^fale Man of War, bound for England^ and died in his Voyage homewards, as the late Prelidcnt, Colonel Farmer, had done feme time before. Mr, Cr proved. He continued as Prefident till Mr. Lowther re- turned to Barbados with his former Charader after his late I Majefty's Acceffion to the Throne, and in a worfe Difpofitionl to abufe his Power there than when he formerly held it. How canagoodSubjed, without the deepeft Regret obferve, that! {o juft, fo gracious a Prince as our late Sovereign fhould havel Counfeilorsl Robert Lowther, Efy, Cover nor. wniiam The Hiftory of Barbados. «7 Counfellors near his Royal Perfon, capable of recommending one fo obnoxious to his Majefty's Favour for a Poft of that Truft and Honour. But this Hiftory of our American Colonies abounds with Inftances of the like Recommendations. Mr. Covftwr^ Iffwther was not long in Barbados before he fell out with l< wchtfr'* the Rev. Mr. Gordon, Redor of St. MichaePs-bridge, and '^"'^''"•"'*" Commiflary or Vice-bifliop of the Ifland, and wrote againft him to his Dioceian the Bidiop of London^ reprefenting him as a Man of ill Principles and Morals. He wrote alfo againft faiai to the Barbados Agents, and they made the Contents vf his Letter the Subjed of a Memorial to the Board of Trade ; ivhere Mr. Gordon fucceeded not fo well as at the Board o Regency. The Proceedings of the Agents and their Stic, .:fs at the Board of Trade obliged Mr. Gordon to quit the ifland, to take proper Meafures in England for his Defence, by an Appeal to the Lords J ultices, from whom he found fuch Relief as the Goodnels of his Caufe dcferved sgatnic tha Oppreflion and Ruin that threatened him. Their Lord^liips Decree runs thus. ' His Majefty having been pleafed by his Order in Council of the 15th of March ^ J i^. to refer unto a Committee the humble Petition of IVilllam Gordon^ Clerk, Reftor of the Parifh of St. Michael, in Barbados j complaining as well againft a Petition of the Agents of the faid Ifland, and a Report of the Board of Trade thereupon, as againft a Let- ter wrote by the Governor of the faid Ifland to the Lord Bifhop of London, highly reflefting on the faid Gordon^i Condudt as Commiifary, and on his Principles and Cha- I rader, ^c* The Lords Juftices ordered Depofitions to be taken at Barbados^ as well on the Part of the Governor, as of Mr. Gordon, who returning thither had the faid Order ferved on the Governor, who inftead of proceeding regularly thereon, caufed a Copy of it to be proclaimed by beat of Drum in the Bridge'Town, and again publiflied in all the Churches in the Ifland } and farther, Mr. Gordon was fent jto the common Goal by Warrant under the Governor's Secretary's Hand without afligning any Caufe. And the above-mentioned Depofltions not being returned in the appointed Time, and nothing farther offered to make good the Allegations againft Mr. Gordon, their Lordlhips re- j ported it as their Opinion, that the Charges of the Gover- nor and Jgents of Barbados againft Mr. Gordon are ground- I Itfs, and ought to be difmifted. Mr. Francis Lan/a, Merchant of Bridge-Town, having had I a Ship unlawfully feized by Order of Governor Lowther, pre- ientd a Petition to the King in Council, complaining of Fa the t, .1 1 ■« , , • M- t'' 'i4 -i'^ # 68 ■^m\ 1720. ^he Hiflory of Barbados. thefaid Seizure, upon which an Order was fent to Barbados^ directing an Enquiry into the Matccr of Mr. Lanja\ Com- phint ag;nnft the Governor, and Mr. Henry LufcelUi^ Coi- letllor ofr the Cuftorns, and Mr. Ijaac Lenoir the Gover- nors Seciet;.^ Counci*, and put into, rind take upon him the Exercife of the Government of the liLind during the Abfence of rhe Governor, who was recalled, and had appointed John Frerc^ YJ(\\ his Ncphe.v, to take, his Place in the Government of the Illmd; arul the Lords Jufl:ices farther ordered the faid y ;hn Frerc, Eiq; to repair forthwith before the Cr.uncil i^o.^rd in Enpland^ ro an''wer for his having acftfed in Con- tempt of his M joJly's Order, relating to the Adminiftra* tion of tTie CjovcrnnK-nt, iigniHed to him lince Governor Lciv^hcr''$ Departure by Mr. vSecretary Craggs. The Lords JiiTricei at the l^me time took into Confidcra* tion the C^ifc of Alexander iValker and T/V .thy Salter, Elqrs-^ both of whoai, ro2;ether with Mr. Cox, had been turned | out oi' rho Cot^ncil, at which Board Mr. Salter and Mr, Cox bad been charged with Rebellion, as has been before- incnunned :, und at the lame Time demonftrated to thel Governor the Injufticcof luch a Charge, and diflented to the Pubiiciidon cf it, and the Governor repeated witli Vehemence Vehemence him. For and as all ill to terrify th( even perfon againft then The Charge after hearinj Grounds, wl and the twc alfo rellored ob "erved, th molt worthy jeds of their are jealous o coniequently ed lyranny. At the fat mine farther heard the Pe Shire for Sui for Surrey, J great Intereft Cafe, the Lo made good tl- Governor had kdos Currenc and alfo that h trary to the A< his Oa'-h • all hin), he was ordered to be i J can fay no n Hearing were wards Lord C Thompfon, and Appeared for L I Hearing, and not on Accoun lof his Oath J r fincheldandon mn, JSfq; ]at Gordon, Corai being uncivil tc found delineaii jovernor 7he HiJIory of Barbados. Vehemence that they fliould be puniHied as Rebels againft him. For this Governor, as did Colonel Park of AnUgoa^ and as all ill Governors probably will always do, endeavoured to terrify the People they govern with branding all Ounces, even perfontl ones, with the odious nan-.c of Rcbcliion againft them, a Ter,ro they fliould never be fuftiered to abufe. The Charge againft lAx.Cox and Mx. Salter was declared, after hearing by the I.ords JufUces, to he without the Uujl Grounds, who ordered a Stop to be put to the Profecution, and the two Members, Mr. Salter and Mr. IPolker, to be alfo rcilored to their Seats at the Council Board, I have ob erved, that ill Governors do generally diftingui'^i the nioll: worthy Perfons in their Governments to be \\w Ob- jects of their Hatred and OpprelTion, probably becaufe they are jealous of the good Underilanding of luch Men, and conlequently that they will not tamely iubmit to their intend- ed Tyranny. At the fame Time the Lords Juftices proceeded to exa- mine farther Comphints againft Governor Lowthcr, and heard the Petition of^ i.'ir R'jbert Davfrs^ Knight of the Shire for Suffolk^ John IValter^ Efqj Knight of the Shire for Surrey, Mr. AU'-yne his Brother-in-law, ^c. Men of great Incereft in Barbados j and after a long hearing of the Cafe, the Lords Jultices declared that the Petitioners had made good their All^ations, by which it appeared that the Governor had taken from the Afliembly above 28,000 /. Bar" hados Currency, contrary to his Majefty's exprcfs Inftrudions; I and alfo that he had permitted a Spanijh Veffcl to trade con- jtrary to the A<5ts of Trade and Navigation, and in Breach of his Oa'^h- all which Charges having been proved againft I him, he was taken into the Cuftody of a Meftcnger, and ordered to be profecuted, of which, to my very great Regret, ] can fay no more. The Council for the Petitioners at the Hearing were the Sollicitor General, and Mr. Talbot, after- I wards Lord Chancellor ; and for the Governor Sir U'illiam Thompfm, and Mr. Bottle. The Attorney General who had appeared for Lowther returned his Brief before the fecond Hearing, and refufed to be farther concerned in his Caule, not on Account of his extorting 28,000/. nor for the Breach of his Oath ; not for the prolecvuing the moft worthy Planters jintheiilandon a Pretence of Rebellion, y^nd Jcneithan Blen- fifqi late Attorney General of Barbados^ and Mr, WflW, \Gordon, Coramiflary or Vice-bifliop of the lUand, but for being uncivil to certain Miftlonaries, whofe Characters are found delineated in the Hiftory of Jmnaka. S(n&J I ' ' 'mi Fj By ■1 •!.'■ i.i- 'I'm '■ i I' in ll'f : ''^ 1 yo ^he Hijlory of Barbados. By the barbarous Uiage of Bernard Cook, we fliall fee how well Jufticc was diihibutcd in Mr. Lowtktr*s Govern- ment, and what fort of Magiftrates he employed in the Di- ftribution of it. Cook's Cafe will appear in his Petition to the King, fctting forth, * That Robert Lovuther^ Eftji Go- vernor of Barladas, having conceived a Dil'pleafure, and threatned him for no other Caufe, as he knows of, but that of his dilcovcring the faid Governor's contemptuous Treatment of his Majefty's moft gracious Letter to him, the faid Ciovernor, in Favour of the Petitioner, concern- ing his Eftate in Barbados^ which is wrongfully detained from him by feveral Perfons of f';;reat Inccrcft and Autho- rity there, and particularly John Frere, Efq; the faid Governor's Nephew ; and that the faid Governor, to gratify fuch his Refentments, did, together with Robert Warrm^ and Samuel Adams^ Gent, contrive to opprels and injure the Petitioner, under a falfe Pretence that the Petitioner had uttered fome Words refleding on the Modefty of the faid IVarrerCs Wife, and the Wife of the faid Adams^ by caufing the Petitioner to be bound over to a Pm SelTions of the Peace, where feveral Juftices from dif. ferent Precinfls were fent by the faid Governor and Guy Ball^ Efq; prefided in order to punifli the Petitioner for the faid pretended Words without any Trial. That the faid Petitioner well knowing the Attachment of the faid juftices to the Governor, moved to traverfe the faid Complaint to the Grand Seffions, that it might be tried by ■ the very xt^txi a Jury of twelve Men. But the faid Juftices 2k){Q\\M)mTranquillhy refufed to let the Petitioner traverfe the fame j and did, ■ Law all the' Ii without any legal Trial by ajuiy, condemn the Petitioner J vernment wen for the faid pretended Words, to be publickly whipped, and * he was accordingly publickly whipped by the common * Whipper of Slaves in a barbarous manner, ^r.* This Petition being referred to the Lords Committee of Coun cil, they reported, * that the Juftices of the Peace proceed-B Prefident Cox\ * ed againft the Petitioner without any Crime alledgedj fbrBCr^^^/, by Le * that fcandalous Words froken of private Perfons are noB to the Council * Grounds for criminal Proiecutions ; and that the iimVretence what, * Juftices had proceeded illegally, for that they had mmmnijiration. * proper Cognizance of the Matters before them, and hadi thmai Max * taken upon them to examine Witneffes and determine yi'uMBhckmany * ters of Fad without a Jury, and have given two SentencesBbersof the C * of whipping^ which were arbitrary and illegal.* His MaBdcrs, and that i^iky was gracioufly pleafed to approve of this DeterminatioiBw<7/&(?», a Practii of the Lords Committees,- and to order in Council Jan. 2oBfident*s Houjfe, 1721. * that Guy Ball, Francis Bond^ Thomas MaycocMiM^ Rafcal, R t Juniorj * Junior, R * Thomas^ \ * prefent in * Petitioner * Peace.' Profecutors under a Seni their PuniHi; for the wroi of no other The late C and knowing fucceed him dency, till a faid, fufpend< own Nephew as fenior Coi Means the eff iher's Mifden^ Order to reftc miniftration ij Places of Tru Lnvther, who Ad of Ajimi Peace and Tra by the Nam< remove there, , I to do, and the! Ineceifiry. M{ \Lmther his 1%e Hijlory of Barbados. f« * Junior, Rabtrt Btjhopy Georgt Barry^Johni'mherfin^ Stephen * 'Thomas, and If^ilUam Kirkham, Efqrsj who were Juftices * prcfent in Court at the time of the Proceedings againft the * Petitioner, be all removed from the CommiflTion of the * Peace.' We iliail find feveral of thefe Nan among the Profecutors of Prcfident Cox^ and if we had tound them under a Sentence of Lex Talionisy we fhould have thought their Puniiliment no more than adequate to their Crime ; for the wrongfully whipping an Engltjh Freeman, is capable I of no other SatisfadHon. The late Governor Mr. Lowther, expediing to be recalled. stmiielCox, and knowing Mr. Cox as PreGdent of the Council woula ^f9i P^'fi- fucceed him in the Admin iftration, by Virtue of his Prefi- *''"'* dency, till a new Governor was appointed ; he, as we have faid, fufpended Mr. Cox from the Council Board, that his own Nephew Frere, next in Council to the Prefidcnt, might, as fenior CounfeL, alTume the Government, and by that Means the efFeftual Examination and Detedion of Mr. Low- iher's Mifdemeanors be prevented. But the Lords Juftices Order to reftore Mr. Cox and fufpend Mr. Frerc^ put the Ad- miniftration in the Hands of the Prefident, who found all Places of Truft and Profit filled with Creatures of the faid Lowther, who to keep them in thofe Places, procured an Ad of Affimbly to be paiTed, entitled, yln J£i to preferve the Peace and Tranquillity of this Ijland^ flill known in Barbados by the Name of the Tranquillity Aciy it being in Truth the very reverfe of the Preamble, and inftcad of Peace and Tranquillity y to f rtkrve Divijion ind Di/cord j for by this Law all the Inftruments of Mr. Lowther*s tyrannical Go- vernment were kept in Power, and the Prefident difabled to remove there, tho* the King's CommiCTion authorifed him fo I to do, and the Peace and Profperity of the Ifland rendered ic necefiary. Mr. Frere affumed the Government upon Mr. llowther his Uncle's return to England^ notwithftandiiig Prefident Cox*s Right, nay, notwithftanding Secretary \Craggs, by Letters dated the 25th of March, 1720, fignified to the Council of Barbados^ bis Majefty's PleaTure, that on na \ Pretence what/over, Mr. QoTuJhould be excluded from the Ad- mini/lration. Prefident Cox a(Ierts in his printed Cafe, that \Tbemas Maxwell, Efqj Thomas Maycock, Efq; yohn Lucia \Blackmany Efqj Guy Ball, and Francis Bond, Efqrs; Mem- bers of the Council, advifed Frere to difobey the royal Or- ders, and that Mr. .^;m/^// accompanied with GelafiusMac- Ua/&i?», a Practitioner in the Law, came to the Gate of the Pre- Udent's Houie, and calling aIoud|for his Majefty's royal Order, laid, Rafcaly Rafcal^ all Rafcalsy by G— ^. Wchavcfcenhow ? 4 " t^« :iii I .III I % \l n ■ ' ' ''if . ^ 1,. ;:'5!T i n n ■ -m M it'^a .'' ■5:^r'i ;■ Sis #M- Jli Up Ti m Iff"''' 'I' •J yi *Ti)r Tliflon of Rjrbivlofl. the late Governor lotvlhtr aded in that high Office : We have rjkfn t!ic Fronts trnm Records, and even have but very little better Opiruon of his Creatures than of hin^fclf. How- ever, ronlidtrivig the Duty of an Hiltorian is to carry ui; even H.ind between contending Parties, and wc hivc nor !.^ large Memoirs for what relates to Mr. ^.o;.'s Opponents, , what relates to himiclt, ami efpecially conlidering a full Dil- cuHTiv-'n of this (Contention in Bcirbados^ would take up as much Room as is allowed me for the Continuation o\ this whole Hilioiy of our Colonies, I (hall only give I lints of the Even's, without expatiating on /fffirmatives and ISe^ativei. The royalOrder Cutne the Beginning of Dec niber^ i7io, and Mr. Cox having purfuant thereunto taken ujx)n him Mic Adminiftra'ion, made a healing Speech to the Council; fome of whom, the Members before- mentioned, infiilcd on the Validity of i\\tTronquillity Ml^ and ijntnediitely tormeci Cabals to oblhudl the rowers veiled in him, to place and difplace Ofnccrs, as was molt for the Intercff and Security of ihe Ifland^ and the rcfra'r\ .flie Complaints in the Petition referring chiefly to their own clili- placing and others, it was anfvvered by the Prelidcnt, by the Reaion and Nrcelfity of his making Ufe of his Commilliun therein, to which we muft refer. Not only thefe Coimfcllors, but W\^ LrAv(h:r's Ailembly alfo then littitig, addrelled a|.>.nin(t the Preli>!enr and the Gentlemen who had oppofed the fnid /.(??ay, k g;al!anc vifions Fefti- invited d fent at the e, tho' elolved , and a te him, ne with of fhe 1 to hi> ^ory. I s to in- -urh was >eatures jjole and eley, tk hat ing , ts lU even ihi Governor ivi'd hcri a hapl'j live their imptuous 30 /. and Jofcpk d an Ad. Dul^e re- the 8th returned ater-lidc, i ihc next vp.d there lappointcd "he Peol well and! \os was tol le follow-[ ingl Tbe Hiflory of Barbados. yy Inftruclions in the Governor of Barbadoi^s Corti- mlrfion. Jf any of the SubjeSis of a foreign Prince or State have^^^^^^ ,^ already planted thetnfelves upon any of the JJIands of St. Lucia, Barbados'* Dominico, St. Vincent, Tobago, or ftiall hereafter attempt^^J^f^^'^' to do the fame .^ you are to afjert our Rivht to the fa id IJIands^ Lucia. txclufive of others, and in Order to hinder the Settlement of cny Colony there ^ you are to give Notice tofuch Foreigners that jhall pretend to make fuch SettUments.^ that unlfs they Jhall rmove within fuch Timi' as you in your Diferetion Jhall ajftgn, you Jhall be obliged by Force to difpojjejs and fend them ojf the Ijlands, Prefident Cox receiving a Letter from Mr. Vring at St. lucia, informing him that on the Colony's Arrival there, he was forbidden to proceed to a Settlement by Monf. de Feu- ^uteres, Governor of Martinico^ by Orders from France, as is related in an Account of Mr. Vring's Proceeding in thjt liliind ; upon this the Prefident fent JVilliam Boteler, Efq; to Alartinico, with a Letter to Monf. de Feuquieres, ro reprefent the Injuftice of fuch Orders, and the Matter of |his foregoing Inftrucl^tions, all which availed nothing, as might jeaiiiy have been, and probably was forefecn. The French jwere come to a Point to hinder any Englijh Settlement there jby Force, and had Force fufficient to do it. The Englijh [were fortified with a Claim and an Inftrudiion only, with- lout a fufficient Force to fupport them : If they had in Ear-* Ineft refolved to have poflblTed themfelves of that Ifland, lihey fhould have done it while we were in War with France \ Dii other Accounts, when the ftrong Squadrons of IVright or IVueeler were in thofe Seas, and the Englijh had 5 or 6000 Vl(in in Arms in the Charibbee Iflands, regular Troops and Wilitia i a Strength the French there were then in no Con- dition to oppofe, and St. Lucia might have been fo fortified during that War, that the Enemy would have found it mori dilficult to have reduced it, than any other of the Charibbees^ Prefident Cox., to juftify his Condud as to the before- nici^* kinned Inftrudion, held a Council by fpecial Call at Mr, nplee's Houfc in the Bridge-Toivn^ where wcrc prefcnt, juml Samuel Cox., Efq: Prefident. Timothy Salter^ E(q; Thomas Maxuoell.^ Efq; yc/'W Lucia Blackman^ E(q^ Richard Lighfoot., Efqj, Henry Peers^ Elqj B I ;ri w^. W'^. ■k "• ■ ,. Gi>vtrnor. 1722. II , ♦:! ••£ 78 T%e Hijiory of Barbados. Who refolved that Diredions (liould be given Capt. Charles Brown, Commander of his Majefty's Sb'p Feverjham^ to affift Mr. Vring purfuant to his Inftrudions, and to certify to him, that this Ifland would fupply him with what Forces and Ammunition he may have Occafion for ; but the French were fo quick and {o powerful in their Proceeding againft the EngliJ}} in St. Lucia, that the latter were obliged to with- draw from thence, as is particularly related in its proper Place. Not long after the Evacuation of St. Lucia by Mr. Vring^ Henry wor- Mr. Worfeley the new Governor arrived at Barbados; he was iciey, Ejq; complimented on his Arrival by a Letter from Monf. dt Feuquieres, in which he exprefled fome Refentment at Mr. Fringes Terms of menacing as he phrafes it. Mr. fVorfele^ anfwered the French Governor's Letter the 12th of Februar^^ 1723, and in his own has this Paragraph. Since you an pUafed to communicate to me your C»ndu£i in the Affair of St, Lucia, / muji fay I have a very great Efieem for every Offictr that punSiually obeys his Majicr's Orders, and had I been in my Government when this Affair happened, I Jhould havt ufed my utmo/i Endeavours to have maintained the Duke of Montagu in the Po[[effton of thofe Iflands, to which the Kin^ my Mafier has an incontejiahle Right. But I am apt to be. lieve thofe Endeavours of his would have amounted to no more than Prefident Cqx\ with whole Adminiftration he ihewed himfelf highly diflatisfied, prepofleffed by the Repre- fentations of the mile-contented Counfellors, whofe Repre- fentations were referred to his Inquiry and judgment, upon the unhappy Wreck of that truly and excellent Man the| Lord Belhaven. But before Mr. iVorfeley difcovered hisBiafs] on the other Side, he gave the Prefident's Party Hopes of an- fwering their Expectations, and continuing them in the Sta- tion wherein he found them, infomuch that the Alfembly thenl fitting, fettled on him 6000 /. a Year for the Support of his Government, by a Tax fo far exceeding the Ability of thej People to pay it, no lefs than 2 s. 6 d. z Head on Negroes, that it was equally monflrous to give or receive it. Thiij Governor having fecured this intolerable Burthen on the if!i Proceed- I^^^nd for himfelf, faced about to the other Side, and tookj the late Prefident Ci'Af's Cafe in Hand. It bodeJ liot well for the late Prefident, that Governor Worfeley .^ iiiftead of managing his Inquiry by acquainting hii felf with the Matter by impartial Informations, (hould ck a Sort of Tribunal for himfelf to fit in Judgment, and thj late Prefident taking a Seat when the Governor had fcatt himfelf, that his Excellency fliould more than once reprij i. miir Prefident r -- ----- j^e^i \j I pomplaining C id frequent ca »n the fole < leeting of 3 C I his Turn as t m. Cox with 'f the Council, (one with hir o •ucceflbr might "■ge on the C harles n, w :ertify forces ^rench againft > with- 7fe Hifiory of Barbados.' mand his Predeceflbr in the Government, for prefuming to make ufe of a vacant Chair in the Room. But I meet with fo much of this Kind of Arrogance in delegated Power, that it is not at all fuprizing. It will be feen by the following Minute of Council, that feveral of the Complainants againft Mr. Cox were at the Board when his Caufe was in Qiieftion. proper ■ pn^rims^ Thur/day, 30th of May, 1723: he was onf. dt at Mr. Worfeltj February, you an ir of St. J OffictT I been in uld havi Duke «/ the Kin^ pt to he- ed to no PRESENT His Excellency Colonel Worfeley. The Hon. Samuel Cox, E(q; Richard Lightfoot^ Efq- Timothy Salter, Efb; Thomas Maxwell, E{qj John Lucia Blackman, Efq; Edmund Suttorty Efq; James Elliot, Efq; Mr. Cox prepared a general Anfwer to the Charge againll: him, in which he cleared himfelf of all the Particulars therein contained, proving them to be part falfe in Fadt, and part in Reprefentation, and that with fuch Circumftances, as add Malice to the other Infirmities, They charge him with ufing infolent Language in Council, when they themfelves tration he Bwere the Aggreffors therein. See his own Words : ' I had he Reprc-BiTafte of their Conduft the fecond Time I fat wiihtheth in >fe Repre-BCouncil after their Reftorationj feveral of them roundly lent uponBc^*''ged me with having faid what I am certain never entered Man thefcto my Thoughts, which occafioned my telling them, that d hisBiafsBf t'^^y ^°^^^ accufe me in fuch a Manner, I fliould not think loes of an-B|^^^ ^° ^^^ ^'^^ th^m at that Board, unleG fome impartial I? . « ■jjjCqjjs were prefent, who might be Witneffes of our reci- Tocal Behaviour. Whereupon they, or fome of them, in very infulting Manner, a(ked me if I were afraid, that if were, they would lay by their Swords ; to which I replied, hh not your Swords, but your Tongues I am afraid of.' The ;omplaining Counfellors accufed the PreGdent of needlcls id frequent calling 01 Councils, when they themfelves had n the fole Occafion by their Artifices, to prevent the eeting of a Council to do Bufinefs, by each ftaying away his Turn as they could beft frame Excufes. 'I'hey charged fvlr. Cox with injurious Treatment of Mr. Le Noyer Cleric f the Council, by turning him out of his Place, tho' it was ione with hir own Confent, and he himfelf ddired that his iUcceffor might be fworn into his Office. But I cannot en- ge on the Complaints and the Defence, (o (hall clofe with Governoi| iting bin lould ere and th^ had fcate )nce tcprij mil* 79 I: II m I': .--Iff i-':,| '*",iJ ■y.t r: I* r4 ■'}' 4 m So ^je Hi/lory of Barbados. with what concerns Mr. Mac Mahon, a very a6live Man for Mr. Louiiher, and againft Mr. Cox. The latter words it thus : ' I am charged with having committed Gentlemen at * the Bar for fpeaking for their Cliencsj and abufing them in * fet Speeches. I beg Leave to aver, that I paid as much * * Refpe^t to the Gentlemen of that Profeflfion, and gave them * as much Liberty, as any one in my Station ever did. 'Tis * true, I once commitred Mr. Mac Mahon for his very rude i * Behaviour to me, and notorious Contai^pt of the Court of | * Errors, for which he was afterwards found guilty by a Jury, ' Wherefore I am not able to conceive the Reafon of % * Charge fo egregioufly falfe, unlefs it were with Defign to ' make evil ImpreiTionR againft: me, as being guilty of the ' 'ery fame Crime of which Mr. Lowther, whom thefe Gen- * tlemen fecm determined never to forfake, was fo plainly * convicted, and for which he was fo juftly cenfured in the * Cafe of Mr. B/enmaN.* This confirms what I had before! fuggefted, that Mr. Cox was thus profecuted at the InlHga- tion of Mr. Lowiher's Creatures and Confident: ., and the Fa. vour they met with in his Profecution, and tlie Hardlliipsl hinifclf laboured uuder, being largely fet forth in his prinedl C^ife, I thereto refer. The late Prefident exhibited Articleij againd I'honuu Alaxwelly Thomas Muycock^ John .Liun\ Biackmau^ William Carter^ Efqrs^ Metnbcri-. of the Council; Edmund Su:,(jn^ John Water mufi^ and 'JamiS Doiten^ ^^Sil *John Le Koyer^ Jate Deputy Secretary, Richard Carter.,\jA Attorney General, Henry Lafcells, Efq; Colleilor of tli| Cullf)ms, and Robeft Gihhs^ Water Waiter ; which are yl of Matter very unjuftifiable and infolent towards a chief Go-I vernor, and did not want apparent Proofs, but they arc o(| fmall Ufe to the Prefident, whole Fate feems to have tx determined by the Reprefentations againft him, not by own Vindication and the admirable Arguments of his Coud cil inUiani Walker^ Efq; 'Jontuhan Blenman^ Efq; Thoimfi JBrjxter, Efq; whofe Pleadings vrould have diftinguifhed thci Learning and their Reafoning in WcJimin/ier-Hall^ But the] had no Effedl in Mr. Worjtlef% Court^ his Hall or Chamoflj fo ftiled on this Occafion, and after his Excellency heard as much on ^he Complainants Side, as their Cound thought proper ; and on the Dete .dant's Side as he hiniifij thought fit, the definitive Sentence renif?ined in his c» Brcaii, till a Petition from Mr. (lox to liis lv:cellency, are the following Declaration of it from him by hi> Secretary. His Excellency commands me to acquaint you^ in /jlnjwn i your Petition, in luhi.h you have prayed j Co'^y of the Jui mmt his ExcelLmy had given in your Affair.^ that jv/w/ Ofl I'he Hijiory of Barbados. hearing the Evidences on both SieleSy he did determine that you had aifed corruptly^ arbitrarily and illegally j and therefore he not only removed you from being of his Majejifs Council here, butalfo declared you uncapable of evsr being one. And that Ytwas his farther Opinion^ you ought to be profecuted in thi Manner that the Nature of the Crimes proved again/i you {required. I' am with very great Refpe^, Sir, lour moji humble Servant, Nicholas Hammond. There is fomething (o dry and fiiccking in this Anfwer, Ithat'tis far from giving one Reafon to take Pleafure in the Su- iperiority which their Commiflion gives Colony Governors, ind Mr. IVorfeley^ by this unreafonable and ungenerous [Treatment of the late Prefident, made but very ill Returns to his Party, who were mofl: forward in fettling upon him that prodigious and amazing Salary of 6000 /. a Year, be- fides cuftomary Fees and Perquifites, the latter fufficient for lis perfonal and houfliold Expences. This Salary was fb icolerable a Burthpn, that the Party, who had been moft litter againft the late Prefident, refufed to acquiefce in the lontinuance of it j and though the Governor had Intereft inough in both Parties to prevent the Repeal of the Ad, fet he could not prevent the almoft general Refolution of le Inhabitants not to pay the Tax any longer, which oc- [afioned his applying at Home for Orders to put the Law in ill Execution j and it muft be confeffed, that Governors lave, in fuch Cafes, found thefeveral Per Tons concerned in le itfuing ©f fuch Orders more ready to join with them lan with the People, whofe Money i go for the Difcharge If them. While the Payment ot thefe Thoufands yearly to the Go- :rnor went fmoothly on, tbat of Governircnt here went fmoothly alfo, till the Prefllire of that \orbitant Negro ax began to fquee/.e out the vital Subf! ancc of the Planters, 'hofe Eyes were ourft open by it, and who could then fee crfe Management in this Governor, than had been com- ;ined of againft Prefident Cox. In the mean Time the [lantation Merchants were very much dillreflcd in their Tradr, liefly from the Increafe and Extent of the French and Dutch igar Plantations , which, while thofe of the Englijh were la- »uring under high Imports both in the Colonies and at [ome, were vifibly getting Ground upon them in ll^Qiks and Markets, They were enab-led to encreafe their Sugar 01,. II. G V orks 81 V ^■'IS ''t., TV-, > \ :i ^YvA 82 1) :> lit I El \ 'J I li ^:^ 1727. It 7%e WJlory of Barbados. Works, by the great Quantities of Provifions which they were fupplied with by our Continent Colonies, for the Sub. fiftence of their Hands etnployed in them, and they there found Maikets for their Produd and Commodities, Suga}\ MoiaJfeSj and /J«w, which they ftockt our Northern Pro- vinccs with ; and by the Increafe of their Growths and Pro du6t in their Sugar Iflands they fupplied not only France^ Holland^ Germany^ and the StreightSy which the Englijh had done 40 or 50 Years, but Ireland in a great Meafure. This| they could the better do, for that the French arid Dutch Im- pofls on their Wejl- India Commodities are light and trivial in Comparifon with Englijh. They paid no 4^ per Cent, in their Iflands, and fcarce i per Cent, at Home. They ex. ported their Plantation Goods to what Part they pleafedj without the chargeable and troublefora Incumbrance of firlt landing them in (bme of their own Ports, which was 15 or no per Cent. Lofs to the EngUfl}^ enough to knock any Trade on the Head. Their Governors durft not extort exceiTivc Donatives from them. Their Security was at the publickj Charge, and carefully provided for, and their iVIother Coun. tries cheriflied them as their moft dear and moft ufeful Chil- dren. By a late Law in England ^ the Planters in our Sugar I Colonies have the Benefit of foreign MaAets, without the before -mentioned Incumbrances; but there are ft ill (b many Reftridlions in that Law, that the Trade flrill remains extremely clogged, and is by no Means on fo good a Footing, as is that| between rhe French and Dutch Sugar Colonies and Europe, The Trade between the EngUJl) and French in Jmerica\ licire or illicire, has been extended fo far, that our Sugarj Illards have dealt with the French Sugar Iflands even for bu- gar j and I have met with a Complaint againfl: a Colledor ofl the Cultoms in Barbados^ for fending Martinico Sugar tol London^ in Remittances for the ^' per Cent, which fliouldl have been returned in the Growth of the Country, muchl better than that of the Fre>ich Iflands; and there is noDoubtJ but the Goodnefs of our Commodity, and the Advantage wcj have or may have of the French in the Guinea Trade, and the] Trade of the Nonhem Provinces, would with like Care] and F^ncouragement, as the French have in their Sugar Trade refliore our's to its former Extent and Benefit. Tho' the People of Barbados bore for fbme Time the Ne-j gro Tax patiently, bi't not willingly, yet in the Year 1727] their Complaints concerning that and other Grievance] reached theReprefcntatives. In the following Year the Afleml biy drew up a Petition to be prefented to the King for then Relief, which w^ts tranfmicced to England^ but 15 (aid to t The Hiftory of Barbados.* oft there for want of proper Agents co folicit it\ a very bard Cafe, that an Hhnd which paid 10,000/. a Year to the un-apprnpriated Revenue, and 5'0,ooo/, a Year in Cuf^oms, {liould \Q(e Redrefsof their Grievances becaufe not properly foliciced. I'liis Affair came again on the Tapis in Barbadox in i7?o» as will appear by the followinj»; Minutes. At a Meeting of the General AfiTembly, at the Houfe of JVilliug'h Duffoy^ Gent, in the Parifh of St. Muhae!^ on Monday the ijch Day of Feb, 17 30. PRESENT The Hon. Henry Peers, Efqj Speaker. 83 »73''« The Hon. Tho. Maycock^ Efqj 'Jchn Pichring, E{q^ Gelafius Mac Mahon^ JEfqj Samuel Palmer^ Efqj Otbniel Ilaggat^ E(q; James Thorne^ Efqj 'John JVaicott^ E(q; George IVorrall^ Elqj yohn Braithwalte^ Efqj Hardis 'fordari^ Efqj P/.t;7/j0 Scott, Elq; Francis Ford, Efq; y^^w Signal^ Efq; y^^w Cob-am^ Efq^ ^ames Bucce, Efqi he ear the Nc 172I1 rievances, the Afl'en>| for they faid to loi g This Affembly referred the Matter of the Petiiion beforv»- /f/rfr„f,\ a- Inentioned to a Committee, who reported the Caufe of its P*'»f' f^' JMifcarriage, as we before have related it, and added there- ^'■i'"*'^'*''^ jto the Particulars of its Contents, the principal of which wc (mufl: not omit, becaufe we flvall there find the bell Repre- fenration of the State of this Ifland at that Time, Their firft Grievance is the 6000 1. Sterling a Year to the Goverhor, thus exprefled in their Petition. ' When his Excellency Henry fVorfeley^ Efqj took the Adminiftralion of this Government upon him, the Gentlemen of the Kland, having for many Years before been harafled with Parties and Divilions, in Hopes to put an End to the fame, and to obtain the Redrefs of feveral Grievances, were wrought upon to fubmit :o a Settlement of 6000 /. Sterling per Annum on the faid Governor during his Refidence here, yet notwithftanding this extravagant Settlement, the liland was fo far from reaping any Advantage from their in- difcreet Generofity, that on xhft contrar)', the publick Good Critvumit had been entirely negledted, and no Meafurcs taken to re- <""p/-'''''A''. drefs the Grievances of the lUmd ; but his Excellency and his Creatures had thereby been the better enabled, and more at Leifurc to opprefs the Inhabitanrs ; the Milicia had been totally negleded, the Eorrs, Brwull-Works and Bat- teries were gone to Ruin, the pjblick Stores were im- G 2 bczilc^ :f^-># ^4 Jhe Hi/lory of Barbados. ' bezzled and wafted, and all Perfons in Office under his Fx- * ccllcncy bulled in nothing but how to raife Fo' tiinr i from * the Ruins of the People j' of which they give too many Inftanccs to be here inferted ; and after having enumerateii many enormous Grievances they add, * The faid Grievance?, * and many others, tending to the impoverifhing and Ruin ot * the Ifland, were ftill the more infupportablc, from the dif. ' mal Apprehcnfi( s his Majeliy's Subje6h here lie under in * Cafe of a War, me Forts and Fortifications of the Illand * having gone to Ruin, warlike Stores of all Kind; rj^cedary * for the Defence of the Ifland being wholly wanted, and no * Poffibility of purchaling a fulficicnt Quantity of Pov.cierl ' and other Stores, and the Inhabitants not in a Londitiouof| ' bearing the neccflary Charges, either of buying Towder '"' ' ficient were the fame to be purchafed, or repairing the 1* * and Fortifications, while the heavy Tax which they had * To many Years paid, chiefly for his Excellency's Ufc, was! * continued j by which Tax a' inoft all the current Calhot this ' Uland was annually brought together and hoarded in his Ex- ' cellency's Coffers, Trade was itagnated, and the Value ofi * the Produce of the J (land was very confidcrably lowered, * to the vafl: Damage of thediitrcflcd Inhabitants, v/ho were! ' forced to part with their Goods at any Price, to raifc their j ' Quota of a Tax not only heavy in itfelf, but much morefol * in Regard of the ill EfFedls it had upon Trade and theMar-j * kets in the Colony.' 'Tis here ro be noted, that the Affembly's chief Induce-I ment for g.ai>ting that Tax to the Governor, was his Pro.| mile * th;?t: lie /ould be fatisfied with that Settlement, * make Wij o''Mj Demand upon thfi Publick during his Go-I * vernmeni .' But inftcad thereof, be demanded and had ac- tually paid him at once, upwards of 2000/, forfuppofeclKtl pairs of his Houfe and Gardens, a Sum futHcient to havtl bought them j and fevcral other Sums for which we muft k\ fer to the Petition. The Report after this touches on a Petition tranfmittei to England by (bme particular Perfons, reprefenting tbei Grievances in general j winch the Committee of AiVeinblJ fay was oppofed at the Board of Trade by the Govenioi'| Agent. They alfo complain in very fignificant Terms of tin unjuflifiable Dependency of the Council on his Exceller^ ot their fervile Compliances and partial Behaviour on alh ..j cafions, to the Prejudice of their Liberties and Properties. Notwithftanding their Remonftrances the Affembly I12J drawn up againfl: Mr. JVotfeley's Adminiftration, we findi Body of the People were not fg unanimous in it, but that t!i 7he Hljlory of Barbados. Grand Jury of the whole Ifland prefcnted an Addrcfs where- in among other Things they fay, ^tho' the imjl cautious and mffenfiue llondudi on your Excellency's Part has not entirely freed ;^o^t f> cm Jome Attc^ipts to make you uncafy^ yet we have RcaJ''.' 10 think rnany^ -luho once gave too much Countenance to \juch r^ri:eedingSj art now convinced, that the fame lucre im- p, 'tinent and ahfurd^ &c. too florid and flattering for a fliort hiftory. It was flgned by John Trefcourt. Chri/hpher Lacy, imam White. Richard Dowell. Ambrofe JVhitnker. Benjamin Philips. Samuel Johnjlon, Samuel Gittins. John Gittens. Samuel Clarke. John Bull ins. (Charles Burton. JVilliam Grenidge. Richard Alder. Thomas Macullock. Edward Aiead. John Kirton, Bat what the Aflembly of Barbados hy of their Grand iJjriesat this Time fliews us, that licrle Screfsis to be laid on their Addrcfl^es. After having fpoken of the Council as be- Ibre-mentioncii, and of new Pradices to pack Afiemblies, they l^A. ' This notorious Partiality appears not only upon Elec- tions if AiTembly Men sand Vcflry Men but alio in their returning of Juries for the Grand Scdions, conlilling of the meanefl: of the i'eople, and out of thefe are pricked, by his Excellency's favourite Judges occafionally made for the Purpofe, fuch Grand Juries as twice a Year, in their Panegyricks on his Excellency, rail at all ihofe that happen to be of Sentiments different to theirs.' We know not vhac became of the AfTembly's intended Petition, but we [ndihat Governor IVorfcLy removed foon after to England-^ jrinthe following Year 173 1, Samuel Barwick, Efqj fuc- eeded him as Commander in Chief in Quality of Prefldent the Council, and fo was to continue till the Arrival of the ew Governor — Chetwynd, Efq; It would be partial and andemnable in us, if we mentioned what the Aflembly faid the Council, and funk what the Council faid of the Af- [mbly in the Council's Remarks on the Minutes of that joule, touching the Excife Bill 1731. ' 'Tis apprehended that no unprejudiced Perfon can look back on the DiJ'putes that have happened betwixt this Board and the General Af^ Ifembly for three Years palt, but muft eafily perceive at (leaft, that the Source of them has been owing nior^ to the G 3 * vain 85 >73i' w3 " '' fo> \ 1 r .; f 1!^ 'm m ■' Hi^h !:ti m if IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^O /^A^ :/. ^ 1.0 I.I no 1^ 1^ IM 12.2 i Hi y. 1^ 1.25 1 1.4 lYS 1 ^SSSSS II =^= 39= < 6" .__ ^ V 7] Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. M5S0 (716) 872-4903 ^ ^ y m wm'' 86 Tk Hijiory of Barbados. vain and ambitious Views of particular Men than to any f other Caufe.' The DifFerence between the Council and the Aflembly, concerning the former's Amendment of the Excife Bill, con- tains too many Particulars to have a Place here ; a Claufe in that Bill in Favour of the Attorney General, being only for Services done by himfelf in and for the Ifland, was very juft and reafonable, but the Claufe for Services done by Lord Micklethwaite, ^c. as Secretaries for the Ifland, for Services done in an Ifland where they never were, atiid never were likely to be, do not feem to (tandon fogood a Footing as the Attorney General's, who had frequently and pcrfonally figna- lized himfelf in its Service. John Bignal, Efq; Member of the AfTembly excepted againft this Claufe in thefe Words, As ive have not been allowed hitherto to know the Nature and State of ihofe Demands ^ we cannot in Jujlice to the People we n- prefenty confent to let any of the public k Money bedireSfedtothi Payment of them. This refers to the Council's infif^ing upon it, that the Aflembly (hould pafs the manyClaufes in their Amendments, in the lump, without inquiring into tite Ufes or Proportions of the feveral Payments. Whereas no- thing is more obvious, than the Reafon and Equity of the| Affembly's Prerenfions to know and be fatisfied with the Ufes and Proportions. I here meet with no Anfwer to fuclil Exceptions as rhefe, on the Side of this or other Colony Af- femblies in*the like Cafes, but Mandations, Letters froral Englandy which leaving the Equity and Reafcn of the Thing ft ill with the Reprefentative of the People, out of whofe| Properties the Money demanded is to be raifed, I cannot hert enter any farther into a Dilquifition of the Matter. Before Mr. IVcrflcy left Barbados^ a Petition was prefeni him by Mr. WiWam holford, complaining of feveral griev( Exadlions and Extortions of Oliver Kennedy, Efq; Depui Provoji Marjhai And here ir is to be noted, that the tn( beneficial Places in the Ifland are patenteed to Perfons livii in England, and are rented and executed by Perfons living ii Barbados, who remit yearly many Hundreds, if not Thoufant' to their Principals in England j where it has the Eflfeft whi( Soil taken from one Ground to cultivate another always w| have, the enriching the latter proportionably to the Ii poverifliment of the former. The Renters of the Parent being fcrewed up in their Rent to as high a Pitch as the fev< ral Offices will bear, make no Scruple to ufe their uti Dexterity towards enlarging their Fees and Perqpifites at tl Expcncc of the aggrieved Inhabitants, whofe Judge is tl Governor, who holds his Commiffion on the fame Foot, the Aggreflbrs hold their Patent, vernors as faulters he Cuted in th Hands cf CircumfVat Ifland,. he ders he rec enormous a main Cau in oppofing Governor J that Were g Mr. m of Courfe of the Cot tiniSion in nors and i went, prepi niony, whi< feappy to h ^e Hijlory of Barbados^ 87 Mr. WorJeUy with great Formality referred Mr. Half or d\ Proufji„j^t Commiffion to Thomas Gallop, Efqj Chief Baron of the Etc- "^f^fj" chequer, Othniel Haggat, Efq; Francis Vaaghoriy ^((\^ MarfluU Jofeph Pilgrinty Efq; George Fo/ier, Efq; J^Aw Reeves^ Efq; Chief Judges of the Common Pleas, Henry Dodfworth, Efq; Judge of the Admiralty, and Jonathan BUnman^ Attorney General \ Perfons well qualified to determine the Right and the Wrong, in that or any other Caufe whatfoever. Ac- cordingly they took a great deal of Pains in examining Hol^ ford's Complaints, and found that he had been egregioufly abufed by Kennedy^ in fraudulent and unlawful Extortion of Fees from him, and one no lefs than 22 /. of a poor Widow for laying put of a Dower, when fcarce half of that Sum was his Due ; bat w6 have 00 Room for Particulars, and therefore (hall only mention, that the Gentlemen determined in their Report, that he had enhanced the Marilial's Fees in various Articles : But I do not find that Mr. Holford had any pecu- niary Satisfa<5Uon for the Damage he fufFercd by it, and am fenfible of the Difficulties any particular Perfon in our, Co- lonies will have to ftrugglewitn, thatfeeks fofRedrefsof Pa- tent Grievances by the Arbitrament of a Governor. Mr. IVorfeley did not find the People of Barbados fo ready to pay his enormous Salary of 6000 /. a Year, as they were to fettle it upon him, and when he returned io England, near 3o,ooo /, of it was in Arrear. Happy it had been for the Barbadians, if that Arrear had been demandable by fuch Go- vernors as the Duke of Portland or Lord How, but the De- faulters here were by particular Orders from Home, profe- Cuted in the fureft Manner of Procefs, which falling into the Hands cf a Gentleman perfedly well acquainted with the CircUniftances of the Inhabitants and the Intereft of the Ifland, he wiih great Capacity and Succefs obeyed the Or- ders he received, and remitted to England 17000/. of that enormous and hated Salary, the bad Effe(3:s of which were a main Caufe of the Steadinefs of the New- England Aflembly, in oppofing the ftated Settlement of an annual Salary on their Governor a Native, and not likely to Tebd away the Treafures that were givefi him. Mr. IVorfeUy returning to England, the Government fell samuei Bar- of Courfe to the Prefideint, Samuel Berwick^ Efqj Prefident ^j;;^^^/]** of the Council, whofe Name and Family had been of Dif- tin£tion in this Idand from its firfl Settlement under Gover- nors arid Aflemblieis. This Gentleman's prudent Manage- ment, prepared the Way fb!* that good Agreement and Har- mony, which maide the Lord Howe's Government io eafy and happy CO Mi^elf and tlie BarBadians. Now it was, that G4 tha •■>.y\ 5 i::'.:* * • ■ ( -r. J. . , ^5 f . . >;t( mifH;:'ii-::>. mmMpm 8S ^he Hijlory of Barbados. the famous Ifland Addrefs, entitled, The humble Petition of the Planters, Traders and other Inhabitants of your Majefty's Ifland of Barbadosy was tranfmitted to England^ fetting forth the Advantages of their Trade and Shipping to the Kingdom of Great-Britain^ the Caufes of their Decay, and fome probable Means of retrieving them. The main Caufe is contained in the following Words. That within thefe fiw Years^ great Improvements have been made by the Dutch and French in their Sugar Colonies^ and great and extraordinary Encouragements have been given to them, not only from their Mother Countries^ but alfo from a French pernicious Trade carried on by them to and from Ireland, and rrade with ^fjg T^ofthem Britifh Colonies'^ and the French do now from the Coiemlu ' Produce of their own Su^ar Colonies, effeSlually fupply with Sugar not only France itfe/f but Spain alfo, and a great Part of Ireland and the Britifh Northern Colonies, and have to fpare for Holland, Germany, Italy, and other Parts of Eu- rope: j^nd the French <7«i' ■ > [;$ ■ m Steps ^■- tfariis vfi- drtfuig ^ fUiitation Cilivances. governors ma' iven t9 from a id, and Irom the ly with It Part have to ' of Eu- fupplied titles of the vajl tm is a nd upojif Molajfes^ TUmber nd other Majejifs ual SuP' (h Nor- nntain a enlarge 'V fertile \ur chafed between \eSf were Ad van- lover the ut I per ) remedy Sugar^ and the mported nies may this Pe- :en taken on the iiporting Rum, n T^he Hijiory of Barbados. S9 Rum, isfc. diredly into Ireland. Foreign Sugar, Run) and Molaffes entirely prohibited from being imported into Ireland^ unlefs fhipped in Great-Britain. A high Duty is laid on all foreign Sugar, Rum and MolafTes imported into any of our Northern as well as Southern Colonies. Liberty to carry all Sugars diredlly from our Plantations to all the foreign Parts of Europe under certain Reftri(5lions, which probably will be repealed when this Matter is reconfidercd by the Lcgiflature i as I. Excluding Ships built in our American Plantations j an unfpeakable Detriment to th-^ Colony, and confequently to the Britif}) Navigation. 2. Taking out Licences in Great- Britain only ; a great Incumbrance and Delay on the Sugar Trade. 3. All Owners vf Ships in this Trade to re fide in Great-Britain, or the Sugar Iflands. 4. All Ships bound to the Northward of Great-Britain to enter firjl there, which be- fides the extraordinary Charge and Delay of Time, may very often lofe a Market. On the nth of April 1753, the Lord Howe, whom his 'tsi* Majefty had appointed Governor of Barbados, arrived there ^oJ^j^^^'f ** in the Rye Man of War, and was received in as grand a Manner as the fliort Time they had to prepare could admit of; and on the 17th he met the Aflembly at Pilgrim, and made them a very handfom Speech, the Promifes of his future good Government. A fliort Time before his Lordfliip's Arrival, a News Paper was printed and publiflied at Bridge-Town by Samuel Keimer^ [lately a London Printer. It was called the Barbados Gazette^ |and came out every IVednefday. Lord Howe's prudent and engaging Behaviour foon re- |conciled all Parties in AfFedion and Regard for his Perfon ind Government : The Emulation imong the Inhabitants Teemed to be who could give the greateft Marks of their |Love and Obedience to his Perfon, and of Duty and Service to his Government. They looked back on the turbulenc imes of former Governors, with a Pleafure which Men who laveefcaped Shipwreck take in furveying the Storm they were I, from the Shore. My Lord Howe was continually pref- fing the Reprefentative to be watchful for their Safety, and ;ealous for thelncreafe of their Trade and Welfare, to which le was always ready to contribute whatever lay in him. The iTerably chearfully fettled on him 4000 /. per Annum^ 'hich his Lordfhip as chearfully fpent amongft them with a |arge Addition out of his own Revenue in England, We have feen in New York, to what the Severities of 'Pvernors may drive them againft the Prefsj and there . ■ •.-. w^ 90 »734- T^r Hijlory of Barbados. was now an Attempt to have Ke'imer the Printer of the 5<7r. bados Gazette fined without any Trial by the Court of Sef- fion, for fome Offence given in that Paper to a Gentle- man who had publifhed feveral Mercantile and Plantation Schemes, which had produced Animaiivei lions upon fome of them enough intemperate, but not Matter of Procefs at Law J however a Prefqntment was ready drawn up for the | Grand Jury to fign, under Pretence that the Paper had refleded on the Chief Juftice, who denied he knew any Thing of it, and | the Matter dropped, and it was not likely that any irregular Proceeding could pafs in fo mild and equal a Government aj | my Lord Hrwe's ; Of which every Heart and Tongue in i Barbados was full, except thofe of a Set of Men who are feldom eafy themfelves, or would fuffer any to be eafy about them ; for we fliall fee by the following Addrefs of the Aflembly, that it was the Praditioncrs in the Law only who exprefled any Uneaiinefs in the prefent Adminiftration : after I the greateft Expreflions of Thankfulnefs, Duty, Refped, and AfFedtion to his Excellency, they fay in their Addrcls,. publick Grievances^ my Lord, let them be in what Perjons^ Stations^ or Profejions foever^ ought to be enquired into, ani\ proper Remedies agreeable to Ju/lice be given. Tour Excel- Jency's ConduSt maniftjlly evinces, you intended no more />;! the late Enquiry concerning the Lawyer's Fees, &C. *Twasa| fenfible Pleafurc to us, lince we were to find fome Oppoli- tion to this excellent Governor's juft and wife Adminiftration,! that it (hould come from that Quarter which has ever beenj moft produdive of Difcord. During the Government of Lord Howe, there happenedl a Quarrel at Bridge-Town, between Mr. Gdafius Mac AfabfiJ and Mr. Thomas Kei/ing, in which feveral Perfons werjj engaged on both Sides, and a ScuflSe enfuing, Mr. KeilhA was unfortunately killed. Mr. Mac Mahon having been veryj adivein the publick Differences for feveral Years paffed, tliej Ifland was divided in their Judgments on this Event, and their Hopes as to the IfTue of it. Mr. Mac Mahon, MrJ Theophiltts Morris, and John Laurence, quitted the IflanI on the preferring a Bill of !ndi£lment againft them andl Mr. William Perry. The latter was fcized and imprifoncdJ and having petitioned for a Trial, was brought to the M of the Grand ScflTionsi but the Attorney General being rcadjj to make it appear by Affidavits, that fome ill Praiflices h\ been ufed in tampering with feveral of the King's Evidence and that one of them was a£hially enticed away and Carrie off the Ifland, the Trial was put off by Confent of thofJ that appeared in Behalf of the Prifoner, without reading thi j[ Affidavitsl While tht of being mar taken iJJ of « per took ft\ mixed with ration, and i Year of his - the Inhabitar ward and invt almoft two \ of the Peopl done from i So much of t of which abc that we canni how the Rej cafion will b( At aMee Day of yfprii The The Hon. ¥ 'it The Uiflory of Barbados. 9 1 Affidavits; whereupon the Prifoner*s Council moving that he might be admitted to Bail, the Court was plea fed in Re- ^rd to his ill State of Health, and the Circumdances of his Family, to admit it, and accordingly he gave four Securities in 5000/. each, and himfelf in 10,000/. About this Time Mr. Chrijiopher Glllmory a Romijh'^ ,'^o^If* Prieft, made a publick Recantation of the Errors of t^^f"ofefianu Church of Rome^ and embraced the Proteftant Religion ac- cording to the Dodrme of the Church of England ; declar* ing his A(!ent and Confcnr, i^c. in due Form, in the Church of St. MichaePs before a numerous Congregation, and a Certificate of it was figned by J. Blenman, Tho. Funckes, Recorded in the Secretary's Of- fice the l^d of Jufy 1734. William Duke, Dep, Seer. HOWE, William Johnfon, Redfor, Charles Game, Church-lVarden^ Jafper Young, Tho. Withers, Jofliua Brook, Curate^ Tho. Harrifon. While the People of Barbados were flattering themfelves of being many Years happy in Lord Howe, he was fuddenly taken ill of a Fever, which held him fix days ; the Dilicm- M How* per took fcveral different Turns, fo that their Fears wcrc'^'"* mixed with Hopes, which however were of very fhort Du- ration, and March the 27th, 1755, he expired in the 37th Year of his Age, to the unfpeakable and univerfal Grief of the Inhabitants of this Ifland, who were all thrown mto out- ward and inward Mourning. His Lordfliip lived with them almofl two Years, and in that (hort Tkne gained the Love of the People more than all the preceding Governors had done from its Settlement, to the prefent State of the Ifland: So much of this Subjed is faid in their printed Papers, of one of which above 20,000 were difperfed in the Sugar lilands^ thar we cannot pretend to copy it, but refer thereto, and hovv the Reprefentative of the People behaved on this Oc- cafion will be fcen by rhe following Minutes. At a Meeting of the General Ailembly Tuefday the aad Day of jfpril 1735. PRESENT. The Honourable Henry Peers y Efqj Speaker; Jhe Hon. Jthn Bignall, Efqj Samfl Pulmr^ Efij; John '\ m ,>.*'/ 'N." - :1 ■'■SB' \\X ' 1' ' iu»(**'W ,- .'t '''■"■!"■■■ 92 He Hijlory of Barbados. John Green, Thomas TVatermaHy Edward Brace, John Cumberbatch, If^illiam GibbouSy y, ff^atermany William JeveSf Enoch Grettony W JchnLyte, John Cobham, ( J? Thelion. J. Bruce, \ ^ fl James Dot- To whom James Dottin, Efq; who as Prefic'ent of the 'irffidtHt. Council, fucceeded in the Government, made a Speech, which began thus : Gentlemen, T It tie did I imagine before our Meeting, to return an Ari" '*—' fwer to our mojl worthy Governor's Speech on the calling ef that Jjfembly, we Jhould be deprived of that inejiimablt Life on which our Happincfs fo much depended, A Governor poffiejfed of his amiable andjhining polities, which he exerted equally for the Honour of his Royal Mafler, and the true In- ter efl of this Colony ; as he well deferved the Favour of hi: Sovereign, fo he merited every Thing from us^ that we wen capable of doing to him. We were indeed fully fenftble of the Blefftng, being fatisfied that his Prcfence gave Life and Vigour to all our Anions, and 'iis certain that without him, we mu/i have defponded under our Misfortunes ; but his Chearfulnefs, and the Means he was incejfantly contriving for our Benefit, raifed our Hopes, and made us even forgetful of our own Condition, &c. Former Governors, the longer thty remained with us, ufually became the lefs refpeSled ', but the Lord Howe daily encreajtd in our Affe£lions : But while we are regretting our Lofs, let us not forget to pay that Regard which is jufily due to his noble Family, Her Ladyjhip, whofe prudent ConduSf and mojl engaging Behaviour raifed the Admiration, and equally engaged the AffeSiion of the Inhabitants, demands our more immediate Conftderation, and calls for all the AJft/iance in our Power to alleviate her great' AffliSfion. Though we made the befi and largeft Settlement on his Ex- cellency, the Circum fiances of this I/land could afford, yet it was notfufficient to anfwer his Expences here. The Charges he was neceffarily at in coming over hither, and that which her Lady/hip will be put to in returning will be very great, whereby infiead of receiving an Advantage by accepting of the Government, a Lofs will rather accrue to his Family, whic^ furely the Publick ought not tofuffer* It U hut toi manifeflhi 4 ^Si m Tbe Hijlory of Barbados. 93 hft his Life in the Service of our Country. Beftdes^ as we were prevented (by his eivn exprefs Direifions) from ex- pending a large Sum at his Funeral^ our Gratitude ought to he Jhewn in another JVay^ by the Provifion I would recommend to you, to make for the Payment of his Lordjhip's Debts here, and for the Ufe of her Ladyjhip, Then the Frefident laid before the Houfe a Bill prepared for that Purpofe, entitled, An A£l the better to manifeji the Gratitude of the People in this IJland^ for the Benefits they received from the ju/l and prudent Adminiflration of his late Excellency^ &c. and the fame was read and pafled Nemine Cmtradicente. After which the Houfe appointed a Committee to bring in a Bill to fettle the Fees of the fevcral Officers of the Ifland, and ordered that the Hon. "John Big nail, and fames Bruce, Efqrsi Samuel Palmer, John Lyte, and John Green, Efqrsj do bring it in. By this Ad, 2500/. was given to her Ladyfliip forJf°jJ''"* the Ufes before-mentioned. Her Ladyfhip foon after Howe, embarked on Board a Merchant Man with her Daughter and the Corpfe of her late dear Confort, and the Captain of the Man of War, then ftationed at Barbados, very generoufly offered his Service to attend her Ladyfhip fome Days fail on her Way, and the Merchant Man in which (he went arrived in England in 34. Days. Prefident Dottin behaved to the General Satisfaction of the People of Barbados, and was himfelf very well fatisBcd with an Appointment of 600 1, a Year only granted him by the Aflembly. This fliews us what a vaft Difference there is between the Charge that a Governor is to an Ifland, and that of a Prefident. Governor IVorfeley had ten times the Salary that Prefident Dottin had, and yet give not the loth Part of the Content which the Peo[ v had in this Prefideni'i Government. Ten Weeks after Lord Howe\ Death, Mr. Gelnfms Mac »7:r. Mahon returned to Barbados, and furrendered himfelf to the Provofl-Marfhal ; on the laih of June 1735, he peti- tioned for a Trial, but the Attorney General (hewed to the Court that the Petitioner, from the Circumitances of his Cafe, was by no Means entitled to the Benefit of the Royal Inftrudion in Purfuance of the Habeas Corpus Ad, on Ac- count of his having gone otF the Ifland and avoided the Juftice of the Court for two feveral grand Sefiions before, and that if the Prifoner had propofed to be tried, he fhould have fignified it fooner, and ought to have petitioned for ic the firft Day of Seffions. But Mr. Attorney perceiving the Couit I '''Mm 94 7X^ Hijlory of Barbados. Court generally inclined to a Trid, declared, that although be had a Right to nut it off, he would notwichftanding im> mediately order the Witneffes to be fummoned, and if pof- fible try the Prifoner next Day. Accordingly it was cxpe£b. cd that the Trial of Mr. Mae Mahan would have come on, and there was a great Concourfe of People to hear it, as might well have been expeded confidering the Prifoner had been an AtTembly Man ; but in calling over the WitneHc) that had been fummoncd, it appeared thai one of them was off the Ifland, and two tnore not attending, the Trial was defer« red. The Prifoner then moved that he might be bailed, which was oppofed by the King's Council ; but the Court were pleafed, after hearing Arguments on both Sides, to admit him to Bail; and accordingly the Hon. John Frere^ the Hon. Thomas Applewaitey George Hannay^ and Robert IVar- reny Efqrs; became his Sureties in 5000 /. each, and himfelf in 10,000/. His Trial came on afterwards, and the Jury was (6 tender to him, that they only brought in their Verdi(^ Man/laughter. In the Beginning of the next Year Prcfident Dottin, fum- moned a new AiTembly, which confiiled of the following Members. For the Pari/ho/i The Hon. Henry Peers, Efq; St. Michael. I The Hon. John Bignai, Efq^ ChriJI-Cburch. J^-^«"'^«^,E% •' I George Hannay, Lfqj %\.Ph'ilips, St. John. St. Georgei St. Jofeph. St. Andrew. St. Luey. St. Thomas, St. James, St. Peters. 5 Enoch Gretton, Efqj ( Ralph fTeeh, jun. Efq; C Samuel Palmer^ Efq^ ( Henry Lejliey Efq; ^Edward Brace^ Efqj ijohn Lyte, E(qj ( Thomas Waterman, Efq;''- ' \ John Waterman, Efq; 5 Hon. James Bruce, Efq; . Z William Jeeves, Efq; S Hurdis Jordan, Efq; I The Hon. WilUam Sandford, Efq; 3 John Cobham, E(q; ^ofl}. Cumberbach, Efq; J Reynold Jlleyne, Efq; J Phil. Gibbs, Efq; J John Pickering, Efq; I William Gibbons, Efq; Tiifll though ing im- if pof. exped- ime on, r it, as ncr had ^tncffcs n was off IS defer- ; bailed, ; Court to admit ere, the :rt IVar- \ himfelf fo tender (laughttr, tin, futn* following Lfq; f; *rJf Hijlory of Barbados. 9^ Thefe Members tnade choice of litnry Pars, Efq; to bo their Speaker, to which Scacion h« had been annually eleded ever fin^'e the Year 1727, the Duties whereof, it is univcr- faily allowed, he has difcharscd with the ftri<^cfl Mooour and ;rcateft' Abilities. A Gentleman defervedly of fo great an ntcreft in the Illand, that ic would be difficult for any Mem- ber to be eledtcd, if he Hiould be pleaTed to declare he thought him unworthy of ir. In the Year 1739, Prcfident Dottin refigncd the Adminif- R„bfrt tration to Rohert Byng, Efqi who arrived here with the Cha- Byng, Ef^i rader of Governor. This Gentlemen had the Misfortune ^'l'.^^]' to have the fine Equipage he had provided for this Voyage taken by the Spaniards, and the AITembly of Barbados very generouily prefented him with 2500 /. to make good that Lofs j but being unwilling to come into fuch a Settlement of Salary as he iniiflcd upon, it occafiooed ibme MiTunder- ftanding between him and them, which however was not of long Continuance, nor had any ill Confequences, that Matter being happily compromii'ed ^ but he lived not long in his Government, being taken ill and dying about a Year after his H« Utt* Arrival j upon which Prefident Dtttin re-afllimed the Go* vernment a third Time : But thefe Events have happened fo lately, that we have little Information, and cannot enlarge farther upon them, but rouft not omit, that To great Care and Diligence has been ufed of late in repairing and improv- ing the Fortifications that the Ifland is now in a good Poflure ot Defence, The following is a Li/i of the Chief 0£5cers Civil and Military now in Employment at Barbados, MEMBERS of the COUNCIL. Hon. James Dottin, E(q; Prefident. John Gallop, Eiq; Ralph IVttkiy Efiji Charles Dunbar, Efq; John Fren, Efq; Abel Dottift, Efq; )^mas Maxwell^ Efi|; Gliomas Harrijon, Efijj I 'I \ if ■■ : \ rin Thomas Applewhaitt^ Efqj John Maycocky Efq; Richard Salter, Efq; Reynold Hooper, Efq; )eputy Secretary, and as fuch Qerkof the CouQcil, Svlittfii kuibands, £fq; ij- :ierkof theAOembly, miliam Duke^ Efq; ' . I,- • -^ ',' ,'*' Mr? '.«»" •»-•' JUDGES^ Thai 96 ^he Hijlory of Barbados. Ml ?: JUDGES. Honourable Jamts Bruce, Efq; for the Bridgt. Ralph m«ks, Efqj for OiJiin\. Francis Vaughan, Eft); for the HoU, 'hhn Ttrryl, E(q; for Sp«ight\ ^ohn Bignai/j Efq; for Scotland. Chief Baron of the Exchequer, Hon. Tho. Harrifon, Efq; Attorney General, Thomas Baxter, Efq^ in the Room of Jonathan Blenman, Efq; Sollicitor General, Edmund Jenkins, Efq; Judge of the Admiralty, Hon. John Faircbild^ Efqj on Mr. Blenmanh leaving the Ifland, Treafurer, the Hon. John Bignall, Efq; Collector of the Cuftoms for the Bridge, Edward Lafcella Efq; who is alfo Agent Viftualler. Surveyor General, Hon. Charles Dunliar, E(q; Provoft Mavfhal, Thomas Stevinfon, Efq; Agent for the Ifland in England, John Sharpe, Efo; Commiffarv to the Bifliop oij^ondon, the Rev. Mr. William John/on, Rcdtor of St. MichacVs, who dying lately, the prefent Rector is the Rev. Mr. Huxley. Lieutenant General, was Henry Peersy Efq; but Governor Byng removed him, and put Thomas Applewhaite, Efq^ In his Room, who had been Major General. CHAP. II. \m\ IP-'- A Geographical Defcriptlon of the Ifland, with its Towns, Forfc?, Fortifications, Ports, Harbours, Rivers, Publick and Private Buildings. ^ H E various Accounts that are given us of the Situation * «• of Barbados, obliged us to be very exadk in examining it^rxi^e latefl Surveys that have been taken of the Ifland, and I comparing them with the Informations we received from the | Inhabitants of the Place. Ligon fays in his Hiflory, it lies in 13 Degrees, 30 Minutes I Northern Latitude; and where 'tis longefl, is fomewhat above 28 Miles in Length ; and where *tis broadefl, 17 Miles in Breadth : Which Defcription agrees exa^y with the Map| that was printed with this Book. All ne Hiftory of Barbados. An inonymous Author, who pretenHs to have bem on the Spot, fays, it lies in 13 Degrees, 30 Minutes, Northern Latitude, is 24. Miles long, and in fume Places 15 Milca over. Monfieur Rohbe^ the famous Fnnch Geographer, lays, it is iituated in 1 7 Degrees North Latitude, and is above 30 Leagues in Circumference. The lad printed Survey of this Ifland makes it to be fitu- ated between the 13th and 14th Degrees of North Latitude. The South Part lying in 13 Degrees, 10 Minutes; and the North Part in 13 Degrees, 27 Minutes^ beine in Length from the Point, below Careu/s Plantation in the South South- Bait, to the Spout below Dowdtn^ in the North North- Weft, 21 Miles: And from NeeSam*s Point to Congtr Rock, 12 Miles over, and about 75 Miles in Circumference. The Latitude is right, and fo is the Breadth of the Idand ; but we are aflured by Gentlemen who have often travelled from Cfjin's in the South Eaft, to Cluf's Bay in St..Lucy'9 Parifli in the North- Weft, that *tis full 28 Miles long ; which, reckoning the Breadth at 12, and multiplying the one by the other, makes 336 fquarc Acres of Landi in all 215,040 Acres. But thiis Calculation, however juft it may be found to be according to the Rules of Arithmetick, will certainly deceive any one that (hall furvey it ; for the Ifland does not contain in all above 100,003 Acres: And this vaft Diminution pro- ceeds from the Inequality of the Breadth j in the North* Wellern, where it is narrowed; and that in the South- Eaftern Part of the Ifland, where it is broadeft. Barbados is the moft VVindwardly liland of all the Cha- I ribbee Iflands, Tobago excepted, as fome will have it ; of an oval Form, broad towards the South End, growing narrow I to the North, with a bending in on the Eafl Side. The neareft Iflands to it are St. Vincent and St. Lucia, At St. Vinctnt*s the EngUJh had formerly a fmall Settle- Iment. This Ifland may be feen from Barbados in a clear pay. The nearefl Part of the Continent to it is Surinam^ about a Day and a half's Sail ofF of it. The EngUJh were once in Pofleilion of that Country, but the Dutch difpofleis'd them; and the former have not thought fit to require to be Ireftoredto their Plantation. The Country in general is gradually rifing, level in (bme [Parts, and in others, fome high Hills, affording rooft loveljf iProfpedsall over the Ifland, with a continual Verdure. 97 *f &'l :.< " ■?' »' ■^''^\ '!1 I: U'l, (. ,'M ^f>)\ »'f/': «* H In ^8 ^he Hijlory of Barbados. In the Defcription of Barbados, we (hall begin with the Capital, the Bridge-Town j and from thence proceed from one Parifh to another, over the whole Ifland. The Bridi^e-Town was at fir ft called St. MtchaePs, from the Name of the Parifli Church, which is dedicated to St. i'^^f^^?^/ the Arch- Angel. *Tis fituated in the Latitude of 12 Degrees, 55 Minutes, in the inmoft Part of the Bay, commonly called CarUJle Bay ; and the Choice of the Place to build this Town upon, feems to have been directed more by Convenience than Health : For the Ground thereabouts being a little lower within Land than the Sea-Banks, th» Spring- Tides flow over, and make a great Part of the Flat a Bog, or Marfh : From which there ufed formerly to afcend noxious Vapours, that contributed very much to the Un- healthinefs of the Place j but the Inhabitants have fmcc drained the Flats, and defended it fo well from the Influxes of the Sea, that they are not much troubled with thofe un. whotefom Fumes, which before corrupted the Air, and bred Difeafes. The Bog or Morafs, which is now on the Eaft Side of the I Town, is occafioned by the Freflies or Floods that fometimcj overflow the whole Town \ which lies at the Entrance of a Valley, that runs feveral Miles into the Country, and is called, | the Valley of St. George. There was a fmall River, that fome Years ago fell into I CarUJle Bay, at the Bridge. It was very commodious for the Planters and Merchants, being deep enough for Sloops to go upabout a Mile into the Country : But now *tis quite choked up ; and without the Inhabitants be forced to get it cleared, is like to remain fo j no Body thinking it theit Bufinefs or Intereft to fet about fo neceffary a Work, unlefs| the Government gave them due Encouragement. The Bridge-Tcnvny or rather City, is certainly the finelll andlargeftin the Illand. It* contains 1200 Houfes, built ofl Stone J the Windows glazed, many of them faihed ; the! Streets broad, the Houfes high, and the Rents as dear in| Cbeapjide, in the Bridge^ as in Cheapftde in London. The Wharfs and Keys are very neat and convenient ; the Forts to the Sea fo ftrong, that there would be no ta it by Force, if they were as well manned and furniflicd wit! Ammunition as they ought to be. "^rhe firftof thefe Forts Weflward, is James Fort, nc ' Strwart's Wharf. 'Tis mounted with 18 Guns. In this Fort the Lord Grey, when he was Governor of the Ifland, bui a very fine Council-houfc. Next to this is Willoughbfs Forfj .built on a fmall Neck of Land, that runs out into the Se 2 • 1i s, from d to St. itude of ;he Bay, he Place ;ed more :reabouts nks, th» le Flat a :o afccnd the Un- ave fince e Influxes thofe un- and bred [o fell into nodious fori for Sloops! w *tis quite reed to get ing it their ork, unlefi . I'be Htflory of Barbados. *Tis mounted with 12 Guns. The Coaft of Cartljle Bay, from this Fort to Needham\ is fortified by three Batteries. JSleedham'^ Fort is mounted with 20 Guns. Above this Fort, and more within Land, the late Gover- nor, Sir Bev'ill Granvilly began the Royal Citadel, in Ho- nour of our Sovereign Queen Anne, called St. Anne's Fore* This will be the ftrongeft in the whole Ifland, and ftand the Countryin above 30000/. Sterling. The Aflembly were frightened into fuch a vaft Expence, by Advice that Monfieur HerbevllU was making vaft Pre- parations at Martinico to attaCk Barbados^zs he really intended, but durft not venture to make any Attempt upon it : So the Scorm fell on St. ChnJiopher*s and ^evis j the latter of which Settlements he entirely deftroyed, as will be related clfe- where. There is a fmall Fort of eight Guns to the Eaftward ql* the Town j which is thus fecured from any foreign Invafion, or hoine Infurredionj and it is this Security which makes it the richeft Town of the Charibbees. The Merchants Store- houfes are here fafe ; and both thofe, and the Tradefmena Shops, as well furnifhed as the Shops and Ware-houfes iti London. The Church in the Bridge-Town is as large as many of our Cathedrals. There's an Organ in it as fine and as big as moft in England. There belongs alfo to it a very good Ring of feven Bells lately put up, and a fine Clock. Here are feveral large Taverns and Eating Houfes, and a Pofl-Houfe for Receipt of Letters from all Parts. There have been, in this War, Packet-boats employed monthly by the Government, to carry Letters to and from the IVeJ}- Indies. Carl'ijle Bay, at the Bottom of which the Bridge ftands, is a very fpacious one, and capable of containing 500 Sail of Ships. There was a Mole in it before the late dreadful Hur- ricane: Tt ran out from James Fort into the Sea; but that terrible Tempeft entirely ruined it, in the Year 1(^94.. One may judge of the Populoufnefs and Strength of this Place by the Number of its Militia, which are no lefs than 1200 Men, for the Town, and St. Michael's Precind: They are called the Royal Regiment, or the Regiment of Foot-Guards. Here the Governor, Council, and AlTembly, hold their Seflions, the Court of Chancery is kept, and all the publick Affiiirs of this Ifland generally tranfaded. In (hort, if this Town ftood in as healthy a Place, as it does in a fafe and advantageous one, 'twould be the beft of Ha tlw 99 r:\ 1'' ■ ' '■■''fci ill I r «il, Wh m^ 100 The Hijlory of Barbados. the Bignefs in her Majefty's Dominions, as it isthewealthieft. On the Eaft Side of the Town is a Magazine-houfe, built of Scone, where the Stores of Powder for the whole Idand are always kept under a good Guard. From the Bridge^ about four Miles up in the Country, (lands the Paridi-Churil of St. Georggy in a delightful Valley. And in the Way about a Mile from the Town, the Aflem- bly has ordered a (lately Houfe to be built for the Governor's Rcfidence. 'Tis called Pilgrm\ from the Name of the Proprietor of the Land on which it (lands. And a Mile and an half from the Bridge^ to the Southward, is Fontabell^ which was ufually the Seat of the Governors j the Kland renting the Houfe for that Purpofe of the Owner Mr. f^alrond. From the Bridge to Fontabeli, along the Shore, there's a Line fortified with a Parapet^ and at Fontahell a Battery of lo Guns. From Maxwel^ near the Chaces^ there runs a- long a Ridge of Hills to Harrtfon\ the farthermoft Weft. ward Plantation. The Line is continued from Fontabell to Chace^s Plantation : Under which there is a Battery of twelve Gunsj and from thence, along Mellows''^ Bay, are great Rocks and (leep Clifls, which have naturally fortified the Ifland againil any Invader. On Mtllaws*s Bay is a Battery of X2 Guns, and from thence Entrenchments, till you come to the HoU-Tewn, vul- garly called the Hole. The Hole lies 8 Miles from St. George\ and 7 from the Bridge. This is a pretty Town, and confifts of a Street which comes down to the Water-Hde, and thence leads up into a long one, that forms the Town. There are about 100 Houfes in it. The Road is good, and lies commodious for the Planters in St. Thomas'^ Parifh, to (hip off their Goods. It has a regular and handfom Church, dedicated to St, yamei\ from whence it is fometimes called James-Town, Every Month the Seflions is held there for St. Jamei's Pre- cinft ; and, for the Defence of the Port, there is a Fort, mounted with 28 Guns, and a Battery of 8 Guns at Church- Pointy near St. Jflm^j's Church. From the Hole to St. Thomases Pari(h to the Eaft, is a Mile I and an half; and from St. Thomah to Speight's Town on the | Coad, about 6 Miles. The Line is ftiil continued along the Shore, froin Church-l Point to Col. Jllen*s Plantation j under which there is a Fort of 12 Guns, that goes by the Name of ^eem Fort. From whence the Line and Parapet are carried on to Reid'sBzj^l ivhcre there is a Fort mourned with 14 Guns. The En- 4 trenchmentl Country j j Lambert*i P The Hiftory of Barbados. trenchmentis thence continued to Scot^s Plantation; under which there is a Fort of 8 Guns. And from thence to BaUy*s; by whofe Plantation there is a Battery. From Bailyh it is car- ried on to Benfon\ Battery of 4 Guns. From Benfon*s it is continued to Heathcot*s Bay : Upon which ftands a Fort, mounted with 18 Guns, near Speight*sTo\STi; for the Secu- rity of which it was creded. Speight^s Town lies about 3 Miles and an half from the Hole^ and was at firfl: called Linle BriJIol. It is the moil conliderable Place in the Iflmd next to the Bridge. It con- fifts of one long Street, called Jew-Street ; and three others, that lead down to the Water Side j the whole making above 3ooHoures. It was much frequented by the5r//WMen' when it was firft built. The Planters in Scotland ufed to fend their Goods thither, to be (hipped off for England j which occafioned the building of Store houfes, and a Concourfe of People ; and that in Time raifed the Town to a flourifhing Condition ; but the Bridge has lately drawn mod Part of the Trade thence, and the Place is falling to Decay. There is a fair Church in it, dedicated to St. Peter^ which gave Name to one of the 5 Precinds of the Ifland ; and here the monthly SelFions are kept for this Divifion. The Town is defended by two Forts, befides that to the South- ward on Heathcof% Bay. One of them ftands in the Middle of the Town, and is mounted with xi Guns: The other at the North End, mounted with 28 Guns. Near this Town one Mr. Hancock built or gave a Houfc for a Free-School. Whether it was endowed or not we can- not tell ; but we are better informed of its prefenc Condition, which is going to Decay, if not already a Heap of Ruins. The Parifli of St. Piter's is fo large, that there's a Cha- pel of Eafe built, and named M-SaintSy two Miles and an half up in the Country, near that which was Hollowafs Plan- tation. This Chapel is (o large and beautiful, that it is dig- nified with the Name of a Church by the modern Surveyors, but it belongs to St.Peter*s Parillij the Miniftcr there Serv- ing both the Cures. From Speight*S'7etvn the Line and Parapet arc continued to Macock*s Bay, in Length % Miles and an half. There is a Fort lately built on that Bay; and from thence about % Miles up in the Country, is St. Lucy's Parifli. The Church dedicated to St. Lucy is new built of fawed Stone, very hand- fom and regular. From hence to the Northern Shore is a fine Champaign Country ; and along the Coafts, from Maceck*s Bay to Umbtrt's Point, there are fevcral little Bays, each foftified H % by 10 I m ■•!'/ it4 ' '^v■j ill: ^ ■ Mm ^..;- :.ii !':?■ %' i 6i ^he Hijlory of Barbados. by a Fort, for the Length of about 4 Miles, from Lamhert*s Point all round the Northern Shore to Deehlis Poin And thence, to Ojiin's Town in the Eaft, the Ifland is fortified naturally by very high Rocks and fteep Clifft, which make it impracticable to land there ; from Confet Point to South Point the ClifFs are very high and contiguous. The ■ Sea alfo is fo deep under the Shore, that there's fcarce any $hips Cable can reach the Bottom, at leaft fo as to ride the Veflelj indeed 'tis all fo rocky that there's no approaching it. We muft now furvey the Inland Parts of the Windward Shore; where, 5 Miles from St. Lucys^ we find the Parifli- Church and Prccin£l of St. Andrtio\ fituatc in that Part of tbeCourttry called Scotland. St. Jndrevfs Church is a regu- lar, beautiful Edifice; and the Altar-piece was painted by Monfieur Birchet^ one of the beft Mafters in Londoriy but is not yet put up. There's a Ridge of Hills in Scotland, the higheft Part of which is called Mount Helleby, and is efteemed the higheft Ground in the Ifland. From the Top of this Place the Seals to be feen all round it ; and out of thefe Hills rifes the Ri- ver, that is thence called Scotland River, which falls into the Sea near Chaulky Mount, forming a Sort of Lake, about a Mile from the Shore. In this Part of the Ifland there's a running Soil, which Ibmetimes runs away with a Foot of the Surface of the Earth after 'tis planted, to the great Lofs of the Planter. From St. Andrew^ Parifli to St. Jofeph\ along the fame Shore, is about ^ Miles and a Quarter. In this Parifli rifes Jofeph Rj^er, the chief in the Ifland : Its Source is in the Cliff near Davis's Plantation ; and it falls into the Sea below Holder's, after it has had a Courfe of about 2 Miles from its Head. Some pretend, that both this and Scotland River, by the foaking of the fait Water in Spring-Tides thro' the Sand, are fometimes a little brackifli, which is not true. But at other Times the Floods overflow the Paftures and Plan rations about them, fo much, that it has been very diffi' cult for Travellers to pafs. Befides thcfe two Rivers, there are Springs of frefli Water in almoft every Plantation: For dig where you will, to any Depth, you are fure to meet with a Spring ; from St. Jo- feph's, along the fame Coafl: to St. John's, is about 3 Miles and a Quarter. In this Parifli is that Part of the Ifland call'd, * The Top of the Cliff, near which fl:ands Drax-Hall, one of the firft Spots of Ground that was planted : And the Owner Col. James Drax, from a Stock of 300 /. raifed the greateit Eflate of any Planter of his Time, or fincc. About birt*s md is which lint to The e any de the ingit. idward PariOi- Part of 1 regu- ited by , but is Part of higheft he Sea is the Ri- into the about a I, which be Earth :he fame lri(h rifes lis in the la below from its River y :hro* the lot true, lures and ery diffi- , Water i> to any St. Jo- 3 ^files [nd call'd, {all, one lAnd the raifed the T^e Hiftory of Barbados, About 3 Miles and a Quarter to the Southward oF Sr. John\ lies St. Philip's and St. Andrew's. A Ridge of Hills runs from fValrond's to MiddletorCs Mount j and thence to Harding'^ in St. Georgis. This Part of the Ifland was the lail inhabited of any, except Scotland, For thirty Years after the Englijh firft fettled upon it, there was no Plantation from Codrington's Bay, all along the Coafl, and feveral Miles up in die Country, till you come to Cotton-houfe Bay near Ojlin'i, Indeed moft Part of the Windward Parishes were not then cleared of the Woods. Scotland was the firft planted ; and now 'tis as rare to meet a Wood from St. Lucy's to St. 0J1in\ except in Scotland, as it was then to meet with a Houfe. From St.' Philip's to Chrijl-Church is about feven Miles, This Church is at OJiin*s Town, which derived its Name from one Ojiin ; whofe Plantation was near the Shore, ?,nd being a mad extravagant Fellow, the Place became famous on his account, and fo was called Oj}in\ together with the Bayi This Town fometimes goes by the Name of Char la- Town-, but 0/lin's is that by which 'tis beft known. The Town Bay is flanked by two good Forts j one to- wards the Sea, and the other towards the Land j a Platform being carried from the one to the other, for the Benefit of Communication. That towards the Sea is on the North- fide of the Town j and before St. Annis Fort, or the Royal , Citadel was built at the Bridge, this was the beft in «che Ifland, being mounted with above 40 Guns. The other Fort, which ftands at the South End of the Town, is mounted with 16 or 18 Guns. Both of them are a fure Defence to the Place, which is about the Bignefs of the Hole, and is built in tbe(ame Form ; one long Street and a Lane in the Middle. Tis one of the fivePrecindsof the IQand, and is a Market- Town as well as the other three Towr*-, and has, like the reft, a Monthly Seffions held in it. It lies about fix Miles from the Bridge, and four and an half from St. George's, From the Southward Fort the Line and Parapet reach as far as the Royal Citadel. Little IJland is a Mile and an half from it, near a Quar- ter of a Mile from the Shore. It lies ofF Allen and Carter's Plantation : And about a Mile in the Road, from Ofiin's to the Bridge, ftands the late Mr. Piers's Seat and Plantation, famous for having the beft Gardens in the Ifland, adorned with Variety of Orange-Walks, Citron Groves, Water- works, and all the lovely and pleafant Fruits and Flowers of that delicious Country, as well as with the moft curious of our own, H 4. Thus loj m ri i< About w' I :■'•»..■ 104 TJ^ Hijlory of Barbados. Thus we have gone over the whole Iflsnd, and there re- mains now only to mention Tome remarkable Places and Things, which we forbore taking Notice of in our way, bc- caufe we were loth to interrupt the complete Survey we were making of the Country, as 'tis divided into Pariflies. Befides the Bays we have named, there are River Bay, Tent Bay, Baker*% Bay, on the Windward Coaft : Skull Bay, Foul Bay, Mill's Bay, Long Bay, and IVomens Bay, in the Eaft : between Deeble*s Point and Oj}in\ Six Mem Bay, to the South- Weft ; and Cllff*^ Bay the moft wefterly in the Ifland. There are many more little Bays, which either have jio Name, or bear chat of the Owners of the. Plantations next CO them. There are alfb fome large Brooks that are honoured with the Names of Rivers, as 'that at Hockleton Cliff in St. Jofeph's Parifli, which runs into the Sea, about a Mile from the Mouth of Jofeph^s River ; Hatches River near Haynei\ in St. Johifs Parifli. There's another River in the Thickets, in St« Philip*s Parifli ; but the Stream is fo weak, it can't reach the Siea. There are feveral Pools befides, by which the Inhabitants are fupplied with Water, as alfo by Ponds and Draw-wells. Thefe are on the Windward or North Coaft. The only Water that is allowed to ufurp the Title of a River, on the Leeward, or South Coaft, is the Indian River, between the Bridge-Town and Fontabell, and this looks much more like a Pond than a River, but in great Floods it falls into the Sea, and that is enough for it to pre- tend CO that Honour. The Fortifications, of which we have given fo particular a Defcription as to their Length, confift of a Line and a Parapet, which goes from Fort to Fort. The Parapet is ten Foot high, made of Sand ; before it is a deep Ditch, and for the Security of it a Hedge of Thorns, of a prickly Plant, whofe Prickles are very long, and if they get into the Flelh, make a very dangerous Wound. The Strength of this Ifland and its Situation, being the WindwardinoftJfland of the Charibbees^ give it many Ad- vantages j by which it has, in all times of War, been the Means of preferving the reft of the Englijh Lttward Settle. ments from the Infults of the Fneroy, till the laft ^cal Blow given by Monfieur Herherville, The Inhabitants of this Ifland, as they have taken a great ^eal of Pains to fortify it, fo they had a great deal of Rci- 1 fon to do it ; for if 'tis not the richeft Spot of Ground in the World, 'tis only becaufe the Induftry of chc People i} pot enough encouraged. * ' Tol Hje Hiftory of Barbados. To return to our Defcription of the Country : There are feveral vafl Caves in It^ fome of them- To large, as that in Col. j1lUn*i Plantation, that they will hold above three hun- dred Men. Others are paHable half a Mile or more, under the Ground ; and there*s one in Col. Sharps Plantation, that has a Stream of Water running in it above a Quarter of a Mile from its Mouth, like that in Okey-Hole near IVelh iit Somerfetjhire. To thefe Caves the Negroes often fly from the Fury of their Matters, when they are confcious tothem> felves, that their Guile deferves a feverc Puniihment. They hide themfelves there fometimes for Weeks together, and never ftir out but at Night. Thefe Cavities are very un- wholefom, becaufe of the Damps. * Tis thought the C/;a- ribbeam lived in them, when they inhabited this Ifland ; but 'tis a Queftion whether any Charibbeans ever lived there or not. There are few publick Buildings in Barbados. The Churches, Council Houfe, and the Governor's Seat, are all that can properly be fo termed. The Churches are all handfom, regular Buildings of Stone, the Pews and Pulpits are of Cedar, and all the Ornaments as decent as any where in the Britijh Empire. The private Buildings are not (b ftately as one would ex- pedt from the Riches of the Planters. There are many high Houfes, and fome low ones ; for fuch as built immediately after the Great Storm in 16^6. were fo apprehendve of another, that they lowered their Buildings ; but thofe who have built fmce them, not having thofe Apprehenlions, have raifcd their Houfes to three and four Stories high, and the Rooms are as lofty as in England. Hung Rooms are v«ry fcarce here^ for the Walls are fo damp, occafioned by the Moiftneis of the Air, that the Hangings would foon rot. The Planters ftudy Convenience more than Magnificence in their Buildings, which are generally neat, and fit tor the Habitations of Gentlemen : They are tiled with Pantiles \ and the Out-houfes and Negroes Huts are covered with Shingles. What other things relating to it are worth Obfervation, will fiall under other Heads; and we Hiallclofe this with the feveral Divifions of the Country, as it is divided into five Prc- cindls, containing eleven Parim Churches, and one Chapel ^f Eafc. 105 !: 1 M It*: ♦■K/'^i, !li :• -i r u ? ■< A ■.'■xM f : 'Aal 1% :0" ,. >: xo6 T'Z'^ Hijlory of Barbados. In St. Michael^ or 5r/V^^ Precinia, jure, St. Mich ft el's, "J St. George's^ and >Parifhe$. , , St. John'Sf J In St. James% or the //a/f Precindl, |^St.7W5,andlp j^ ^ St. Thomas Sy i „ ' . In St. Piter'sy or Speight'i PrccuwSt, ■ I St. Peter\ with "^ J/i 'Saints Chi.pe\, and? Pariflics. In the Weft J St.Z«f/sJ \. In St. Andrew OverhiPSj or Scotland Prectne Liquor out of it as clean as pof, iible, then bruifc it, L it it, and bake it, for the ufe we have before- mentioned ; and this Cailavia Bread is reckoned onej of the moft nourifhing Foods they give their Slaves. Coloquiniada bean a beautiful Fruit. The Rind rmooth^i of feveral Colours, as the green, murry, yellow, and Carna. tion in ftreaks. This is not very common now. CaHTu Fiftula, a Tree of the quickell Growth of any, it I havini; been known to rife eight Foot high in a Vear's cimc The Pulp of the Fruit of it is Phyfical, and made ufe of by the Apothecaries in England for its purgative Faculty. The | Leaves in Form are like a Beach Tree. The Tamarine Tree was firft planted in Bariadosy about I threefcore Years fincc, being then brought from the lndm\ as was alfo the Palm Tree, famous for the Wine and Oil it | produces. Dr. Stubs writes, that he was credibly informed, there wa$| a Palm Tree in this Kland 300 Foot high ; but I am as creij bly informed there never was any fuch thing. The Fig Tree bears a fraall Fruit, little regarded by thel Inhabitants. Its Trunk is as large as an ordinary Elm. Thel Cherry \& lefs; its Fruit ufelefs and inlipid. Thei'e FigTreal (hoot Beards or Fibres out of the main Trunk, which rooti in the Ground again j and To continuing to grow on, vvoulil| make a Grove of itfelf, if fufFered ; this is what Monlieml Legate in his Defcription of the Ifland of Diego Ruys^ M Miilake calls the Pavilion or Tent Tree ; for that Iflanll being a Defer t, ic had Room there to grow to what Bignefsiij could. The fame are to be met with in Gu'irua, The Citron is a fmall Tree, but bears a large Fruit, tliJ Weight of which often pulls it down to the Ground j thel Stalk is of a darki(h Colour, the Leaf like that of a LemoJ of a dark green Colour. With the Rind of this Fruit tbel Ladies of Barbados make the Bneft Cordial in the World | that which is imported for Sale is not fo good as what thq keep for their Clofets^ which, they taking Care to haves the Ingredients good, is infinitely above the choiceft Wats at Philips*s^ and the Ueau de Barbadty as the nice PeopI affetSt to call their Citron Water, would without doubt I eileemed more than any of his coftly Cordials, did iti come from our own Plantations. This Tree alfo, by the Peel of its Fruit, furnifhes Planters with another valuable Commodity, their Succais, Sweatmeats^ which are extraordinary good, and excel; the Confectioners make in London^ when they are well pn pared : Indeed, in the Art of conferving and prefervii^ ^he Hiflory of Barbados. I the DarlaJos Ladies outdo the bed in England; for which they have the Advantage of the fined Sugar, and the finell Fruits that Nature produces, and abundance of excellent Leaves, Roots, i:fc. to pickle, which are equally wholcfom land picquant. Orange Trees thrive wonderfully in Barbados, and the [planters there may as eafily have Walks of Orange, Lemon, or Citron Trees, for Avenues to their Seats, as the Countr/ I Gentlemen, in the Counties about London^ have Rows of lUtne i or of Elm Trees, at a greater Didance from the [city. And when we confider that thcfe I'rees are almoft al- Lays either covered with filolftms, or loaden with Fruit, we Icannot but envy the Inhabicsmts the Pleafure of thefe delight* Iful Walks and Fragrant Shades, where the Evening Breezies Scatter a thoufand Sweets, and perfume the Groves with Va- liety of odorous Smells. The Dcfcription of the Ely/tan Fields, the Garden of the Hefptridei^ and all that is lovely find charming in the Fidlions of the ancient Poets, are but ■m Images of this real Paradife; and 'tis impofTible to keep within the Bounds of the Gravity of an Hidorical Stile, vhen we treat of fuch a tempting Solitude. They have all forts of Oranges and Lemons, fweer, four, ind Sevil^ in Abundance ; the Fruit of which is large, and [he Juice delicious ; the China is not fo apt to furfeit, as thofe [hat come from Spain ; the Fragrancy of the Lemon Juice [s as rcmarkble, as the Beauty and Bignefs of the Fruit. The Lime Tree in Barbados is like a Hoily Bu(h in En^- Jiand. Fifty Years ago the Planters made Hedges of them tbout their Houfes ; and their Prickles fervcd for a Fortifi* pation againft the naked Negroes. It grows feven or eight Foot high, full of Leaves and Fruit ; the former like thofe [)f a Lemon Tree j and the Fruit refembles a Lemon fo nuch, that at three Yards DiHance they can't be diilinguidi- kd one from another. The Juice of this Fruit, fince Punch bas been fuch a fashionable Drink in England, has fold in ^reat Quantities at good Rates, and is now a flaple Commo- [iicy, fome Tuns of it having been imported at London^ and wher Ports of England and Ireland^ in a Year. The Prickled Apple bears a Fruit in Form like an Ox's Icart. Its Leaf is like that of a Walnut-tree j 'tis of a pale ^reen Colour, and tafles like a mufly Lemon. TM Pricked Pear is of a better Talle and Form ; it re- cmbl^ a Greenfcild Pear ; the Rind of it, near the Stalk, is pf apale green Colour, ftreaked with yellowy 'tis larger ac [he End than in the Middle ; the Body of it is of a Bne Red, Iripcd with prickled Spots of yellow j 'twill thrive if plant- ed 109 •i* •■!i|ll %r y :1 J i'lll i ^\iiiiil9'iii' wi'- m 110 77j^ Hijiory of Barbados. «d on a Wall, and the Fruit x^ as plcafant as a Straw. berry. The Pomegranate is a hancl(bm Tree, (he Leaves fmall, of a green Cofour, mixt with Olive; the Fruit not fo large as the Spanijh, Here are alfo the* Sourfop, which is f|K)kcn of in Jamaica'^ the Sugar Apple, and Shaddocks, which ij a fort of Orange j the Fruit is as big as a Melon, or rather bigger. China J or Sweet Lemons, ari requent here, and C/jina Limes ; but not of fo JT.uch CJfc or Profit as the other. There are fevcral other Trees and Shrubs that bear Fruit tlfo, of which the moi?: valuable are the Papa, fo foft, that| when the Trunk of it is as big as a Man's Leg, it may be ci: down with a Knife ; the Fruit is boiled, and ferved inftcadl of Turnips with fait Pork. The Guaver, according to Mr. Z/^5«, refembles a Cherry. I tree; the Fruit of it is as big as a fmall T,(rn,,n; the Rind ai thick as a Lemon's, but fofr, anH of r* ddlLiire Tafte. It| enclofes a pulpy Subftance, full o/ fmall Sc^ds like a Fig, fome white, and fome of p ilanitiic'. Colour within ; thel Fruits have different Tulle? , 'd we are told, that if th«l Seeds arc eaten, where-ever they are evacuated again, thcyl grow, which in the Infancy of the Settlement did Mifchiefl to the Plantations j for the Cattle eating them, dropt theial ^ain every where, to the great Incuinbrance of (he Pafturef Ground. This Fruit is like a Quince, and the Tree has been kno\va| to bear at half a Foot high, as well as at i8 Foot high, makes the bed Gelly and Marmalade in the World, l much beyond that of the Quince. We muft not omit the Coco-Tree, which grows 20, 50,! or 40 Foot high ; the Branches fhoot forth in feveral paml of the Trunk, with Spaces between them. It buflies prettjl much at the Top, and the grcatcft Quantity of Bouglnl growing there, occafion the Coco Tree's always' fbopinjj The Nuts grow wheic the lower Branches fprout out, are of fevcral Sizes, mod of them as big as a large Foot.| Ball ; the Skin of them is green without j they have a pulpi Subrtance between that and the Shell, which when it is dryj as like HtMpharM^ or the Rind of th : Mangrave-rrcc, wholf Bark bei' V','l' iiered * .me(JoFe«il ^ber of it ii' JulleyTre^ te Bullaceiil ^ocuft Ttet, attheFoo^l ■VliiS P'-ftl '4 !!' 1 ' >^ '-'s -fill ' i ^ ' ''^ '■■a i'^ ■;■■•''■ -t^tSi \'f 4 •f^t » ;.•■. m I iui 11^ lie Hijlory of Barbados. teriorPartof the Stem, and as it grows the Out-Leaves hang down and rot, B&t new ones come forth in their Places j they rife up like a Pike, as the Palmetos do ; and as the Sun opens them they become Leaves. When the Plantine Tree is 8 or lo Foot h!gh, it is at its full Bigneis, and then the Leaves are fo too ; after which they (hed no more. The Fruit grows much like a Long-Boat's Grapling-Iron ; it is Yellow when it is ripe. The Negroes don't love it fo well then, as while it is Green ; they then boil it, and eat it : The Englijh eat it only when it is ripe, firft peeling it. It is a pleafant, wholeforo, nourifliing Fruit, The wild Plantine refembles the other, only it is of a Scarlet Colour, the Leaves not fo broad, and the Fruit good for nothing. The Banana is like the Plantine in the Body and Leaves, excepting that the Leaves are fomething lefs, and the Body has here and there Tome blackiih Spots ; it is of a faint Co lour, with the Mixttirc of the Afli ; the Fruit ftands out- right, like a Bunch of Puddings, each 4 or 5 Inches long; it is fweeter than the Plantine, cats well ftewed or preferved, both in Look and Taftenot unlike a Quince. The Negroes don*t like it fo well as the Plantine, becaufe it is fweet, they they having an Averfionto fweet Things, if my Author is not niftaken, for I am informed they are very fkr from hating Sugar. In the Fruit, when it is cut, as you do the Root of Fera to find a fpread Eagle, you fee the lively Reprefentation of I Chrift upon the Crofs, the Head hanging down, the Arm) I extended to a full Length, witn fome little Elevation, and the | Feet crofs one upon another. Thus fcveral Authors have written j but I have been toMl by feveral Gentlemen, that there is no Manner of Repr^| fentation of a human Figure j it is true, there is a Son of a I Crofs, and Fancy may fupply the Want of theReprefentatioo.1 The lad and beft of all the excellent Fruits we have mm'J is the Pine, the moft beautiful and pleafant of all Nature*]! Produdions. The Fruit is almoft of the Colour of ail Abricot not full ripe, it eats crifp and fhort as that does, iil full of Pores, and tbofe of fuch Forms and Colours, as reo*! der a lovely Sight to the Eye, and are tempting to the TailJ It would never endure bringing to England^ tho' frequeu Trials have been made to do it. The Smell of this Emit '\ extremely fragrant; the Tree never grows to be abofl 4. Foot high, and the Fruit is fometimes 14 Inches long, 6 Diameter. There are two Sorts, the King and Que Fine, and both painted with fo many difierenc glorio ColmX The Hijlory of Barbados^ Cslourii that it makes a moft charming Profpcft to the Eye. The Tafte of it is wonderfully picquant, fliarp and fweet alternatively, and both in a very high Degree. The Pleafure it gives is (o delicious, and at the lame Time fo refreOiing, that ic tranfports the Perfon who taftes it. There are many other Plants proper for Phyfick or Food; as Aloes, which is a beautiful Plant j the Leaves are four Inches broad, and a Quarter of an Inch thick, and a Foot and an half long, with Prickles on each Side. Out of thefe Leaves, when they are cut, the Aloes iffue. The Trees in this liland continue green all the Year; and at Whatever Time they are lop'd and cut, they fprout out again. The fenfible Plant is common in Barbados^ which when you touch it clofes its Leaves, and in a little Time will open again. The Humble Plant, and the Dumb Cane are fre- quently met with here; alfo moft Sorts of Englijh Pot-herbs and Roots thrive. Leek- feed will not come up, nor Rofe- trees bear Flowers. Mr. Ligon tells us this, which is however a Miftake ; for there are as good Leeks in Barbados^ as in England, and fine Damask and Provins Rofes all the Year round. Thefc Herbs were all carried thither; for when the firft Planters landed, they found nothing of that Kind but Purce- lain; with which the Place was then fo over-run, that it was thrown away as a Weed. They have Potatoes in Abun- dance, and Tams^ which is Part of their Slaves Food. Tho' there are few Flowers in the Ifland, there are fome very lovely ones; fuch as the White Lily, which grows fpontaneoufly, and is a fairer Flower than the Englijh \ the Red Lily is of the fame Bignefs, neither of them fweet. The St. Jago Flower is very beautiful, but of a naufeous Smell. The Paflfion Flower takes its Name from the Pi<5lure of fome of the Inflrumcnts of our Saviour's Paflion there re- prefented ; they creep along the Ground like Ivy, if they have no Tree to grow up by. This Flower in Barbados is known by the Name of, the Vinegar Pear Flower^ and is ufed to run over Arbours, as we do Honey-Suckles here ; the Water Lemon Flower is put to the fame Ufe. And as to other Flowers, there are tew or none, the Heat of the Soil being too fierce for the cultivating Things of ib delicate a Conllitution. The Four a Clock Flower, fo named, bccaufe it always opens at Sun-fet ; it is in hUgland called the MerveilU d* Peru . It grows in Tufts, the Leaves in ihe Form cf a Heart, I 7 ^ "5 1; m m ,-i ,1 ;'■ k fin I I, > 111 ■ i ''.■'a;>| ■I t* ■m 'I- ■ J'*- ■ t. i 'V,) ■ ■ m mu IH|: : iH' m 1 1 6 ^J^e Hijiory of Barbados. the Voint turning back ; the Flower bigger than a Primrofc, and of the fined purple Colour that ever Eye beheld. The Seed is Black, with an Eye of Purple, fliaped like a Button, and fo hard, that it might ferve for the fame Ufe. There is a Root in the Idand, the Name of which I can- not learn, but fuppofe it to be the Tarns '^ the Seeds were brought thither by the Negroes^ and planted there in little Hills as big as Mole- Hills. When it (hoots forth its Stalks they turn down the Ground on each Side, and then there grows up a Stem, not unlike Afparagus, of a purple Colour ; which being gathered, and eaten as a Sallet, with Oil, Vinegar, and Salt, is a tolerable Sauce, where no better is to be had. The Root isalfogood boiled with powdered Beef and Pork, eal^n with Butter and Vinegar ; the Cabbage which they call the Seven Tear: Cabbage^ and is much fweeter than ours, when it is ripe, fhoots forth many Slips, which being tranlplanted, produce others, that grow to be as fair, and as large, as if they rofc from the Seed. But the common Cabbage is not fo much minded, as othcrwife it would be, on Account of the Cabbage-Tree, which grows 20 or 30 Foot high, and bears a Flower of proportionable Bignefs, referabling a Cab- bage in Form and Tafte. Eddoes is a Plant, the Pulp of whofe Stalk they cat, as we do Artichoke Bottoms, and it is every whit as good. We muft not clofc this Chapter, without taking Notice of the Withies^ which formerly crept among Bujhes, and fattened on the Trees, but now are quite rooted up : They bear a beautiful and odoriferous Flower; but if they got into j Plantation, they crept about the Ground like Horfe-Racjiflij and if not taken up, which was very difficult, ruined the Growth of the Canes. I'here are all Sorts of Pulfe in Barbados^ in very great Plenty, and excellent in their Kind. Apples and Pears never thrived there, nor many of our Shrub F ruits, as Goofeberries, Currants, or Cherries. As for Corn, the Planters never fow any Engltjh Wheat; and the poorer Sort of People, who fpare moft of their Ground foi Corn, plant only Indian or Guinea Corn, which they fell to the richer, but at fo great Rates, that they arc forced to fend to the Northern Colonies for Indian Corn. That Part of the Hland called the Champaign^ and that called the 17?/ckets, are entirely planted with Corn, There are many thouland Acres of Land lye waftc for want of Hands to cultivate it. The EngUJh Corn is generally fent thither from England m Flower, Indian Corn is foroetimes fold tor 2;. 6 d. and fometimes to s, a Bufliel, but commonly 5 s. a ' JBufhel. ' There ^e Htjiory of Barbados^ There is no Englijh Grain cultivated here; if there was, there is no doubt but all the Summer Corn would thrive; as. Oatf, ^c. have done, when, for an Experiuient, fome Grains have been thrown into the Ground. The Seafons for Planting Indian Corn are chiefly in May and November ; but it is alfo planted all the Year, from May to January, Orchards and Gardens are rare in this Ifland, and they are at very little Labour to cultivate any Thing befides Sugar- Canes, and the Commodities that are fit for a home Market. Nature has done, and continues to do fo much for them^ that they take the lefs Pains to do for themfelves j and de- pending on her Bounty, and Supplies from England^ and the Northern Colonies, they content themfelves with what flie produces, which is enough to fatisfy the Defire of the moft luxurious Tafte in the World ; fo delicate, and fo rich are the Fruits of this little, but lovely Ifland. As to the Climate, one would think, by its Situation, that it is intolerably hot ; and indeed for 8 Months in the Year, the Heats would be infupportable, were it not for the frcfli j Breezes which rife with the Sun, and blow freiher as the Sun gets higher. The Place is fenfibly cooler fince it was cleared of the thick [Woods, we have before fpoken of. The Breezes blow from the Eaft, with a Point or two to the North, except in the Months of July^ ^ugu/iy September , and Oi1ober\ which is their Mid- fummer, and then the Weather is cxceffively hot: But yet the Sea Breezes, the Groves and Shades, and their jcool Houfes, render it very tolerable j and it was reckoned the Iheaithieft Ifland m America^ till about the Year 1691, when Ifome Forces were fliipped at Cadizj to go upon the Expedition [againft Martinico. Thefe Regiments carried with them a peftilential Fever, [with which the whole Ifland was fo infeded, that in the Courfe of 12 or 13 Year, it carried off above a third Part of Its Inhabitants, and deftroyed moft: of the Seamen, as well in ^he Merchant Men, as Men of War, that came thither. The dreadful Turnado's, or Hurricanes, that ufed to threaten this Ifland with a general Ruin, are not fo frequent RS formerly ; and the Diftemper which was called, the Sickr nefsf is fo much decreafed, that the Ifland begins to recover |[s former Reputation for Health. From the Situation of the Place, it follows of Confequencc, |hat the Length of the Days tnuft be very near equal ^ and [he Sun rifes at Six, and fets at Six, or in lefs than half an lour before or after, which continues £0 all the Year round. I 5 Three 117 '■ w, vt' ,.V^ '• T .»I wmm 1 1 8 'T&e Hi/lory of Barbados. Three Quarters of an Hour after Sun-fet it is dark, the ' Twilights being no longer in thefe Parts. li'^ iA -4 CHAP. IV. Of the Bcafts, Birds, Fifii, Infers, and other AnI. mals in Barbados, '"V HERE were feveral Beafts found on the other CharibUt Iflands, but few or none at Barbados ; which, as has been faid, was almoft over-run with Hogs. Afterwards Bealh of Burthen were brought thither, and Cattle for Food. Thofe that were either feme Years ago, or areftill to be met with there, are Camels, of which there were feveral imported at the firft Settlement of the Ifland. They did not thrive, and for that Reafon no more were brought over, Captain Higginbothajn of Si. Philips had four or five ; each of them would carry 15 or 1600 Pound Weight of Sugar to the Bridge, and bring as good a Load to his Plantation, eight Miles from it. Horfes the Inhabitants have fi-otrt England for their Coaches ^ and" for their own Riding, and the Militia, from New-England. For Carts and common Ufcs, they had fome from Bonavi/ia^ Cape Verd IJJands^ and Curajfau. When they firft fettled there^ Virginia alfo ufed to fiirnifli them with Horfes, but now they have almoft all from OH and New- England. Their own Breed are mettlefom, fwifr, and hardy, but fmall, and not very handfom. Oxen, Bulls, and Cows, were brought from the Ifkofl May 2Xid- Bonavi/ia^ to the firft Planters. Their Pofteritji and Succeflbrs breed all now; ibr it has been found, m\ the black Cattle brought from foreign Parts, lick oflF the Pitch and Tar with their own Hair, which never paflcsthro' them, but occafions their Death, few of them living whenj they come afhore. The Barbados Cattle is a midling Breed ; and they feldoml cut their Bulls, but yoke them, and put them to the Cart; as they do alfo Cows, and work them there, and in \m Cattle- Mills, of which there are not many now; the meana fort, who want Negroes, only making ufe of them. Tkl Bulls are fo well taught, that they will work very orderly. Ajfnegocs^ or Affes, are extraordinary ufefiil, in carryind Sugar to the Bridge. Thefe Beafts will run along with theirl Burthen, in Ways where Horfes cannot pafs. The formei will picki two Negi hundred a \iett brouj This If] Hog, till traordinar) ferved by t left there with Provil The H( few Years, tain them ; other Ifland given it the The FJel the Breed, in Europe ^ Sheep do whofe Meat greater Plent irdjh, the F. and Racoons The Birds Ifland, are h; geft they hav Buzzard, fwi deftroying th for there are There's gi handfomer b] and much bl than the largj and red, bro\ There's a called i her down, as if Notes, loud I call it the Q tion, but {h! There's a Qn harih like a They fly in top. Anothj called a Coul ^e Hifiory of Barbados. will pick and choofe their Way; and if any one of them fall, two Negroes can help him up ; they will carry from one hundred and an half^ to two hundred Weight. The AJfmgots were brought thither, as well as other Cattle. This Ifland having no living Creature in it bigger than a Hog, till the Englifi. fettled there, Hogs were in fuch ex- traordinary Plenty, that the Englijh were more peftered than ferved by them at their firft landing. It is thought they were left there by the Portuguefe^ to breed, and fupply them with Provifions, in their PafTagc to and from the BrafiU. The Hogs the Portuguefe landed there multiplied, in a few Years, fo faft, that the whole Ifland could hardly main- tain them i the Europeans and Charibbeam came from the other Iflands to hunt them ^ and the Englijh thought to have given it the Name of. The Ifle of Hogi. The FIcfli of thcfe Hogs, as the Inhabitants have mended the Breed, is extremely delicious, and furpafles the beft Pork in Europe ^ they are fome large, and fomc lictle, but all good. Sheep don't thrive well in Barkados ; yet there are fome whofe Meat is not fb kindly as ours in England. There is greater Plenty of Goats, much of the fame Nature with the IVtlJh^ the Flefli tafting like that of the JVelJhGozis, Monkeys and Racoons are there in abundance. The Birds of this Place, fays an Author who lived in the Ifland, are hardly worth the Pains of defcribing. The big- geft they have there \$ a Buziard, lefs than the EngUftj Grey- Buzzard, fwifter of Wing, and ferviceable to the Planter, by deilroying the Rats, which otherwife would deflroy his Canes ^ for there are great Numbers of them. There's great ftore of the larger Turtle-Dove ^ a much handfomer Bird in Shape and Colour than the Englijh Turtle, and much better to eat. The leffer Turtle is a finer Bird than the larger, fhaped like a Partridge, her Feathers giey and red, brown under her Wings. There's a Bird in this Ifland like a Thrufli, which is fo called ; her Feathers always ruffled, and her Head hanging down, as if her Neck was broke : She has three or four Notes, loud and fweet. Another they have like a Wren, they call it the Quaking- thrufli, a very merry Bird by her Mo- tion, but flie feldom or never fings ; (he has a long Bill. There's a Black-Bird, fo palled, with white Eyes ; her Voice harih like a Jay ; a great Devourer of Corn and BloiToms. They fly in Flocks of many thoufands; they walk, and don't hop. Another in Colour like a Fieldfare : It is, fays Ligon^ called a Counfellor, becaufe her Head feems too big for her Bodj i but her true Name is a Loggerhead. She is extrcme- ri9 i!: f: ' -»f.>n !'< ■ '.l-i'F:t ■'$■: ' '-^ I •■t "i 3"^ 'Mi 1% .( iif, ■ 1 1 %. m wm^l M^KB^'^ •1 »* ^m m.; BRFl' 1 ili , i ' i m. I20 7he Hijlory of Barbados. ly wanton in her Flight, and fo ftrange in her Note, that no Voice or Inilrunicnt can imitate it ; it is a Qiiarter Note, which is a Difcovery in Mufick that no Mailer has yet been able to make. There are Sparrows, Hayfocks, Finches, Yellow- Hamers, Titmice, and fuch like Birds ; for wh'ch the Englijh have not thought fit to be at the trouble to invent Names, they arc fo little and worihlefs, cither for Fle(h, Fcathe», or Note. The mod famous of all the feathered Nation in JmoicOf is the Colibry, or Humming- BIrJy which, accoiding to an ingenious Author, is admiuLle for her Beauty, Shape, Smell, which is like Musk, and way of Life^ it is much lefs than a Wren; yet though fhe's the leaft, ilie k the molt glorious of all Birds. Some of thefc Birds are no bigger than the greater fort of Flics, the biggeft fcarce exceeding an Humble Bee in Bulk ; the Colours of the Feathers of her Neck and Wings reprefent thofeof the Rain-boW: Some of them have fuch a bright Red under their Necks, that at a Diftance one would think it were a Carbuncle; the Belly and under the Wings arc of a gilt yellow, the Thighs as green as an Emerald, the Feet and Beak as black as polifhed Ebony, the two little Eyes fliinc like two Diamonds, the Head is of a Grafs-green ; the ^lu- mage of the Male is finer than the Female**, and on his icad he has a Crown of Feathers, as it were to diftinguilh his Su- periority. It is fo ftrong in its Flight, that it makes a louder Noi^e, by the Agitation of its Wings, than the greateft Birds. It loves to fly near thofe that pafs, and furprizes them like a little Whirlwind. It lives on the Dew, which it fucks with its Tongue from the Bloilbms. Its Tongue is much longer than its Beak, hollow like a Reed, and about the Bigncfs of a fmall Needle. It is feldom feen on the Ground, nor (landing on the I'rees, but hovering in the Air, near the Tree from whence it takes its Nourifliment. Humming- Birds covet the Bloilbms of Cotton-Trees moft, rooft in that or the Orange-Tree, and are very curious in building their little Houies in the Branches. The only way of taking the Calihry, is by Ihooting it with Sand, which ftuns it for the prefent : When you have ir, you cannot keep it, for no body can furnifn it with the Food it is ufed to feed upon. 1'his Delcription of the Colibry fuits in moft Things with the Hummln2;-Birds of Barbados^ 'which have no Smell, unlefs it is what is given them after they are dead; when they are perfumed, and fent for Prefenrs to England. The bright Red under the Neck was never feen in Barhador^ the Belly and under the Wingsof a dark Colour ; the Thighs, as well as the Feet and Beak, black: Its Neck is about the Bigncls of half a Walnut Shell, fplit in tv/o Parts, As I'he Hijlory of Barbados. As for Wild Fowl, the Inhabitants of Barbados do not often fee any : They fometimes take Teal near their Pondy, and a fort of Fowl they call Oxen and Kine. They have a Bird which goes by the Name of the Man of JVar^ becaufe it flies out to Sea for Difcoverics j and it is faid, thcfe Men of War are fo much to be depended o - that whenever they re- turn, the People cry out a Sail^ and .. c never deceived in ir. Thefe Birds will meet Ships 20 Leagues from Land. Mr. llgon, who gives this Account of the Wild Fowl of Bar- badosy muft not here alfo be trufted ^ for when the Winds change to the South and South- Weft, there are great Quan- tities of Wild Fowl, that come in Flocks from the Conti- nent, as Plovers, Curliews, Snipes, Wild Pigeons, a few Wild Ducks, and Teal. The Wild Pigeons are fo fat, that when they are (hot .in the Trees, they fometimes fall down and burftj they arc bigger than our Pigeons, and of a very dark Colour j fome of them with a Ring of white about their Necks J 50 of thel'e Wild Fowl have been killed at a Shot. Their Tame Fowl is of the fame Kind with ours in Eng- land, only the Meat of the feveral Sorts arc better. Their Ducks, which they call Mufcovyy are excellent Food ^ fu j are their Pigeons, Pullets, and all their Poultry. 1 They have fome Rabbits, but no Hares, nor Vcnifon. The Rabbits are good and fcarce, fo that they are generally 1 5;. aCoupLi. The Infedls that are moft frequently met with in this llfland, are Snakes, fome of which are a Yard long, they kill the Planters Pigeons, do the fame Mifchief as they do in England, and fuck up their Milk j they will climb up a Wall, fix pr feven Foot high, come in at a Window, get down in the Room, where the Milk Pans are, skim them, and return back the fame Way they came j they never fting [any body. The Scorpions in Barbados are as big as Rats ; they will Icombat the Snakes that attack them to eat them, but they lalways have the worft on't j they never hurt Man or Bcaft. IThere are no Toads or Frogs. Lizards were more common jin the Ifland than they are lately, the Cats havmg almoft Ideltroyed all of them ; they loved to be where Men were, Ito gaze in their Faces, and hearken to their Difcourfe ; Ithey are not like thofe in Europe^ their Bodies are about [four Inches long, their Tails near as much, their Heads re- Ifembling a Snake's, their Backs are of a Grafs-green Colour, Iblewifli towards the Side, their Bellies yellow ; they have [tour Legs, and are very nimble. 5 Muaketoes 121' '.^4'^: r;< Tip h., 'm^ m-' 4 122 *The Hiflory of Barbados. Musketoes fling tnd bite People in the Night, and ire indeed the moft troublcfom Creature the Englijh meet with in Amirica ; they are Hice Gnats in England^ and are not fo frequent in Barbados as in the Colonies upon the Continent, where there are large Fens and low Places. Cock- roaches are aboi t the Bignefs of a Beetle \ if they * happen upon found Sleepers, they bite till they fetch Blood j and if they awake, and hunt them, they are nimble, that 'lis not cafy to catch them. TheN^roes, who havc^hiclc Skins, and by Reafon of their hard Labour, are not eafy to be waked when they are afleep, are fometimes bitten fo, tbat^for the Breadth of both your Hands together, their Skins are razed, as if it w^ done with a Curry-comb. Thus it might be in Mr. Ligon*s Time, but now 'tis certain they are not fo very mifchievous : It is true, where-ever they touch, they leave a Sting; and if Children go to Bed with greaiy Fingers, will nibble them unmercifully j they are the jnoft offenfive things in Barbados, Merhwings are of fo fmall a Size, and fo thin and aerial, they can hardly bf. difcerned, but by the Noifc of their Wings, which is ltk£ a fmall Bugle Horn, at a great Diftance: Where they fting, they raife a Nob as big as a Peafe, which lafts a whole Day. Thefe Merri wings, fo pompnufly de. fcribed by Mr. Llgon, are nothing but what we call Gnats in Londmy and Stouts in the Weft-Country. All Lands that lie low will be troubled with them in Summer- time. Caterpill&rs cat the Potatoes, and are eaten by Turkies. The Cis^oes arc another little mifchievous kind of Infed; and there are various Sorts of fmaller ones, as Ants, Pif. mires, i2fc. but none that are peculiar to the Country, and therefore not proper to be inferted in this Place, unlefs it be the Wood Ant and Maftick Fly ; the former of which deftroys the Timber in the Houfes. Upon a Deal Beam they will build a Ned as big as a Barrel; and within it is like a Honey-comb, but without any Honey ; they will eat up and deftroy a Piece of Englljh Oak in a very Uttlc time ; their Colour is white, and if they arc fqueezed, there comes out a ibft Subftance of the fame Colour ; ehey build upon Trees in the Woods, or in Houfes. The Maftick Fly, which is fo called from its deftroying the | Maftick Trees j the Smell of it is fo fragrant, that it per- fumes the Air as it flies by you. It is fuppofed to deftroy the I Tree by a Sort of a Rafp in the Bill, with which it makes thoufands of Holes in the Tree, fo thac there will be Pecks if | Duft, like Saw-duft, under it. The f^art ot the Ocean which i*ld alrr'- : g\\ Sorts of nc that ,c rarelv uo be Fifli, ^ their «s He Hijlory of ^» barioi. ' The Sea of Barbados^ u th»t furrounds it, may be fo call^.i, Fi(h that are caught elfewherc {ten in other Parts of the Worid, are, f j Parr; Snappers, and grey Cavallos, Ttrbums^ Concy-fifli. The Mullets are reckoned extraordinary good Kind, and fo are their Lobflers and Crabs. There's a Sort of Land Crab, which lives almolt alwjyf on the Shore } they hide themfelves in Holes and in Houfes, and fometimes in Hollow Trees : They arc often met upon the Stairs, in Parlours, and Gardens, where they cat Herbs. In March, they all come out of their Holes, and march down to the Sea in fuch Multitudes, that they cover a great Part of the Ground where they go. Several Years ago the planters ufed to ride over them in the Roads ; they never eat them, but the Negroes love them, and frequently feafl: upon them. The Parrat Filh is about 20 Pound Weight, and well tailed. It has Scales like a Carp, of a green Colour ^ it has no Teeth, but iharp ilrong Jaws, and feeds chiefly on Shell-fiih. As to the Defcription of the other Kinds of Fifli we have mentioned above, we mufl: be forced to leave it as we found it in general, and therefore cannot defcend into Particulars : We are told they are all excellent Meat, and are often ferved up to the Gentlemens Tables of the Ifland. As for the Tortoife, we (hall fpeak of it more at large ia the Hiftory of Jamaica^ and Hiall in this Place only cor- red an Error of Mr. Ligon% who writes, a Tortoife has Lowth. Vei. three Hearts, which Dr, Stubs fays he found to be falfc ; 3- f • Jf** for though the Refcmblance of the two Auricles be fuch, as alfo their Bodies or Fleih, as to deceive the unwary Ob- ferver, yet is there but one Heart triangular* and fiefhy, ^c. In all the Rivers are Craw-fifli, Maid-fifli, Grigs, not Eelsy about nine Inches long, Prawns, and fcveral Fiih that come cut of the Sea, and live in the frelh Water, as Cophmirs, Snooks, Place, and fome Eels. SI Mil t :!l^ t'-.,.pf!i i- 1 # CHAP, '^'i E24 TZ'f WJIory of Barbaii/&. Mi. It *-■ % III, "1 ■* CHAP. V Of the Inhabitants, Mafters, Scrvatifs, and Negroes: Their Numbers, Strength, Manner of Livin[r, Diet, Kxercifes, and Diverfions. HIS Ifland was the fooneft peopled of all our Colonics; the Riches of ihe Planters produced by that of the Soil, tempted Gentlemen of good Families and moderate Eftatcs, to tranfport themfclves thither to improve them. And ho' it feems trivial to relate Particulars of the Honours bellowed en private Pcrfons j yet for the Credit of Barbados^ theic have been more of that Ifland knighted by the Kings of England^ than of all the reft of the Englijh Plantations ia jfmerica ; for fincc the Settlement of the Ifland 1 3 Baronets and Knights were made, for the Incouragement of the la- liuflrry of the Inhabitants. Created Baronets the fame Day, Feb. 18. i66i» Sir yshn Ce/liton, Sir Jama AUdlfordy Sir 'James Diax, isir Robert Daversy Sir Robei't Hackcty 'Sit "John Teomans, . i)it Timothy Thornhill^ Baronets Sir John U itham, Sir Robert Legardy Sir John IVorfumy^ Sir John BaiudoNy Sir Edivyn Stede^ •>\xlVilloughby Chaml^rlayne, And indeed whoever will look over the Map of Barbad-A will find, the Country is not poill'flcd by fuch a Set of Men as inhabit the other Plantations j the jyalronds^ the Fortcfam^ the Coiiitons, the Thornhills^ the Farmers^ the Pickerinpy the Litiittom, the Codringtom, the If^iiloughlies, the Chtjien^ the Kendalsy the Dimocks^ the Hauukys^ the Stedes, the Fridcauxs, the AlLyr.s, the ^antines, the Bromleysy and others, whofe Families are of the moft ancient and honou- rable in England-^ nor muft we omit one, which is indeed a mighty 'Sdmc^Paio'sl'JUusj who had a fmall Plantation near the Top The Hijlory of Barbados. Top of the ClifF. How he came by that Imperial Name, wc have not heard fairly made out ^ neither can we believe the Tradition of the Family, of whom one tttcfted to the Author, that his Anccfton were originally Greek Fugitivci, and defcended from the Emperors of Con/lantinople of that Name, who reigned in fhc Eu/l from the driving out of the Prmh by Michael Palaohgusy in the thirtetlUh Century, to the Dillolution of that Empire under Ccujfantini Palaokgus^ in the fifteenth Century, by Alahonut the Great, Enough of this DigrelTion, which is only defigned to flicw, that the common Refledlion made upon the Plantations, as to the Meanncfs of the Planters Origins, is groundlofs as to Barbados^ where there are as many good Families as are in any of the Counties of England^ where Commerce and Trade Houriih. i3uc were that Reflection true, it would be far trom leflcning the Reputation of the prcfent Inhabitants ; the vafl: Ellatcs which many of them enjoy, as the Draxesy the Gu\'s, the IValters^ and the HalUtiy are glorious Proofs of the Induflry and Wifdom of their Ancellors j and a fair Invitation for other Mcrchintsin ^w^/aW to remove thither, and endeavour to acquire the fame Poflefllons, equal to many of our Nobility and Gentry, of the firft Rank in England. Indeed, the Pleafantnefs of the Country is fuch, that it might tempt over the moll profpcrous j and the Profit would be great enough, were it duly encouraged, to invite the mod covetous to live there. Wealth and Pleafure, which are ge- nerally Strangers, dwell there together j and an induftrious prudent Man may grow rich with as much Delight, as a I Prodigal grows poor in England. The Character of this Illand was fnch, as drew over Mul- Ititudesto fee and inhabit it; infotnuch that twenty Years after the firft Settlement was made there, the Militia of the Coun- [try were more in Number than that of rirginia h now, Ithough the Place is not a fiftieth Part fo big. They mullered Ithen iiooo Horfe and Foot, as good Men, and as refolute las any in the World- This Number was confiderably en- jcreafed afterwards, and in the Year 1676, when the Illand was in its molt flourijliing Condition, during Sir Jonathan itkm\ Government, there were 20000 Men, and 50000 Jouls, all Europeaus by Birth or Defcent, and 80000 Ne- groes • in all above 150000 Souls j in an Illand not much big- »er than the Ulc of IVight. Bv this we may fee how much this little Ifle had flouriflied [n about 50 Years. There are few Counties in England that lave 1300:0 Souls in them; and the Kmgdom itfeif, taken fcll :c|;tthcr, fcIJ infinitely fliort of the Populoulhcfs of Bar- bados 125 ll-: W' v-\ 1 1 \ ** . n ' n J i ;'t- t ; '1 m 126 91 Such Eng. ]I(hinen ifi ;',^^BkH ■i-h. 7?j^ WJlory of Barbados. hados at that Time ; for granting there are looodo Acres of Land in Barbados^ and 40 Millions in England , as there are by the beft Computations, as 67;flw^^r/fl/«*s, Houghton^ i^fc. England contains 400 Times as much Ground as that Ifland, and in Proportion, fliould have above 50 Millions of Inhabit tants, whereas if has not 8 Millions by Sir lyUliam Pett/s, and thelargeft Calculations. The Number of Souls is fince confiderably decreafed in Barbados, as well by the Removal of feveral of the moft eminent Planters to England, where they have purchafed Eftates, and live in great AfHuence and Splendor, as by ] fatal Difeafe, which infeded the whole liland. It was, as we have hinted, brought thither in the Year id^i, and fwepi away To many of the Inhabitants, Mafters, Servants, and Slaves, that there are not above 7000 fighting Men, and 2^000 ^ff^/j/^ Souls in the Place, nor above 60 or 70000 Negroes, Men, Women, and Children. The Diftemper is lately abated, apd the Colony encreafes I in People daily, in which the prcfent Health of the Plaa will, if it lafts, advance it in two or three Years to the hap. py State it was in formerly, if they are not too much dil^ | couraged from Home. Every Freeholder, and white Servant, able to bear Armj, I is lifted in the Militia of the Ifland, which confiftsnowofl about 35:00 Foot, and 1200 ftout Horfe; and cheCe are si good, or better, than any regular Forces^ for befides thi the Creokans are as brave Men as any in the World, they would certainly fight refolutely for fo rich and fo pleafanttl Country. We have fhewn in our Geographical Account of tbtl Ifland, how it is fortified by Nature and Art ^ and that m Reader might not be at a Lofs, t;o know how a Line of fudl Length, above 30 Miles on the Coaft, is manned, he mull I underftand, that in Cafe of an Alarm, the Government ciol arm 1 0000 ftout N^roes, dextrous at handling a Pike, w1j)| would defend thofe Entrenchments againft any Invader. The Inhabitants are ranked in thefe three Orders; MaHeri,! who are either Englijh, Scots, or Irtfij, with fome im Dutch, French, and Poriuguefe Jews ; White Servants, amil Slaves : The White Servants arc either by Covenant or Purl chafe ; there are two Sorts, fuch as fell themfelves in Engkm Scotland, and Ireland, for 4. Years, or morcj and fuchiil are tranfported by the Government from thofe three Kiiigj doms, fdi- Capital Crimes. The Gentlemen of Barbados fcomed to employ any of :l)i| latter Sort, till the late Sicknefs and War had reduced thcol mt He Hijlory of Barbados. to great Want of Hands : And of the former, ieveral poor Mens Children have been driven thither, by Ncceffity or Difcontent; who behaving themfelves honeftly and labori- oufly, have raifed themfelves, after their Servitude was ex- pired, to be Mailers of good Plantations, and been the mak« ing of their Relations at Home. The Mafters, Merchants, and Planters, live each like little Sovereigns in their Plantations; they hav^ their Servants of their Houlhold, and thofe of the Field ; their Tables are fpread every Day with Variety of nice Difhes, and their At- tendants are more numerous than many of the Nobility's in England-, their Equipages are rich, their Liveries fine, their Coaches and Horfes anfwerable; their Chairs, Chaifcs, and all the Conveniences for their travelling, magnificent. The moft wealthy of them, befides this Land-train, have their Pleafure-Boats, to make the Tour of the Ifland in, and Sloops to convey their Goods to and from the Bridge. Their Drefs, and that of their Ladies, is faihionable and courtly 'y and being generally bred at London^ their Behaviour is genteel and polite j in which they have the Advantage of moft of our Country Gentlemen, who living at great Dif- tances from London, frequent the World very httlc^ and from converfing always with their Dogs, Horfes, and rude Peafants, acquire an Air fuitable to their Society. The Gentlemen of Barbados are civil, generous, hofpi- table, and very fociable. They were not, till lately, troubled with Factions and Parties ; and, to prevent the growing of Divifions among them, in the Time of the Diftradions in England, they made a Law among themfelves, that whoever named the Word Round-head, or Cavalier, fliould give the Company, at his own Houfe, a Pig and a Turkey ; and fometimes they would make Forfeitures, on Purpofe to have ao Opportunity to entertain their Neighbours. But this Hofpitality is now almoft loft there, the Gentlemen learn- ing in England to keep their good Things to themfelves, and to part with them very fparingly : Yet feme there are, whofe Houfes are flill free to Strangers, and who receive all with a chearful Look, and open Heart. Their Diet is the fame with ours in England; they have Beef, Pork, Veal, Mutton, and Lamb, of their own breeding, or at their Markets, for 9 d. Half- penny a Pound, which is cheap there. TLcir fecond Courfesare their Poultry, as Turkeys, Geefe Ducks, Fowl, Chickens, and Fiih, which chey have in AbundancCi by the ConvenicQQe of their Situation 127 (1.* ' \'f ^^■^«V ,i ..^-f •■ |!fc- %- AU m i fill' pi"!;!*.. ■ 128 7%e Ilijory of BsLvh^dos, All Sorts of Sauces, as Pickles, Olives, i^c. they have from England, as alfo Tongues, Hams, Anchovies, Caveer, tff. Their Paftry and their Bread are made of EngHjh Flower; and their Kitchin Servants are as good Cooks as any in England. Their Deferts are all admirable, and the very Idea of a Table fpread with their Melons, Sucdats and Pines, is tranfporting. Their Drink is chiefly Madeira Wine and Water : Of that Wine there are two Sorts, Malmfey and Vidonia j the for. mer as rich, and not fo lufcious as Canary j and the latter aj dry, and as vigorous as Sherry ; it is Red, being coloured with Tinto \ they alfo drink cool Tankards of Wine, excellent Lemons, fine Sugar and Spring- Water, Lemonades ma,de of all the laft Ingredients but Wine. The more fanguine People entertain one another with Punch, made of the beft Ingredients, Lemons, double re- fined Sugar, Spring- Water, and right French Brandy. The good Husbands ufe their own Manufafture Rum, in. Ilead of French Brandy. They have alfo all Sorts of other Wines, Malt Drinks and Cyder, from England. In fliort, the Inhabitants of Barbados live as plentifully, and fome of | them as luxurioufly as any in the World. They have every Thing that is rcquifite for Pomp and Lujfury ^ they are abfo- lute Lords of all Things, Life and Limb of their Servants excepted, within their own Territories ; and fome of them have no lefs than 7 or 800 Negroes, who arc themfelves, and their Pofterity, their Slaves for ever. Every Dwelling-houfe, and other Out-houfing, looks like a handfom Town, moft being new built with Stone, and covered with Pantile or Slate, brought hither in the Ballalls of Ships, as is alfo Sea-Coal for Forges j and the Freight be* ing by that Means made cheap, there is Plenty enough of | thofe NecelTaries. The White Servants are fold for about 20 /. a Piece; but I if they are Mechanicks, for much more. Women, if they are handfom, 10 /. As ibon as the Time, for which they ^ covenanted to ferve, or at the End of which they are free by Law, is expired, they are entirely their own Mafters; and, during their Servitude, are treated more gently than the Blach. Their Clothing is made of Ozinbrig Jackets and Drawers,! and fometimcs of coarfe Cloth. The Male Servants havc| thick Drawers, Shoes, Stockings^ Caps, and Canvas Waift- coats allowed them. And the Females have Shifts, Petti- coats, Waiilcoacs, Shoes, and Stockings, made neat and I ierviceable* We I Piece -, but I jen, if they v'hich they I ley are free n Matters; I Illy than the I id Drawers, ■rvants have nvas Waift- [lifts, Petti- Le neat anil We I'he Hiftory of Barbados. We muft add to Mr. Ligon^s Account, that the Servants, when they are out of their Time, have s /. for thofe that arc Britijh Servants. All others have but 40 s. And as for Fe- lale Servants there are now none, unle(s they are Natives of the Country, and hired as Servant-Maids are in England. 'Tis by Chance that any come from England to be hired, and no Women have been fold thefc 20 Years, Their Labour is not very hard ; much lefs than our Day- \j^o\xxtrsm England^ and their Encouragement much more; for if they are good for any Thing when th^ come out of their Times, there are enough wUl employ them on their own Terms. Their Diet is not fo good, as thofe who have been ufed to rich Farmers Tables in England would defirc, becaufe they cannot be fed every Day with Beef and Muttony however they cannot complain of any Want; and the Planters dif- tinguifli them from the Negroes, by providing them Bisket from England, The chief of them are fupplied from their Mafters Tables. The Overfeers have Tables of their own in the Houfe, when the Owner is in England. The Variety of Fruits, Roots, and Herbs, that grow there, is a great Help to the Servants Diet, in furnifliing them with Sauce and Change, when they are weary of the fait Beef, Pork and Fifli, which is brought them from New-England^ and other Places. The Condition of the Blacks ii only worfe, becaufe their Servitude is perpetual; There is as much Care taken of them, and rather more j becaufe if a Negro dies, the Owner lofes 4.0 or 50/. whereas by the Death of a White-Man, he is at I the Lofs only of 2 or 3 Years Wages to another. The Blacks Budneis lies moft in the Field, unle(s it is thofe that are taken into the Boiling-Houfe, the Curing-Houfe, the Still -Houfe, the Mills, the Store-Houfe, or Dwelling- Houfe ; where the handfomeft, cleanlieil Maidens are bred to menial Services, and the propereft, cleaned limbed Fel- lows, to be Coachmen, Footmen, Grooms, and Lacquies. |Others often are employed in handicraft Trades, as Coopers, Toiners, Carpenters, Smiths, Mafons, and the like. A Slave that is excellent in any of thefe mechanick Em- )loyments, is worth 150 or aoo/. and I have known -^oo /. lid for a Boiler, belonging to Sir John Bawdon^s Plantation \h Scotland. They are all of them worth from 40 to 50 /. Head, Malfs ; and anfwerable for Females at this Time, iccafioned by f^veral Accidents, which will be mentioned in lur Article of Trade, Vol, n. K The 129 riiV , '».■ if V V'.' tf'J I'; fV,<* . ,. .1 *^ : it^^ •!? -^ .. if }fii'y. m I "5: ■ :.tl ,■1 m m$. ' \ 1^0 7^^ Hiflory of Barbados. The Slaves arc purchafcd by Lots, out of the Guinea Ships. They are all viewed ftark naked, and theftroneeftand hand- fomeft bear the beft Prices. They are allowed to have two Of three Wives, that they may encreafe the Planter's Stock by Multiplication : For their Pofterity to all Generations are Slaves, unlefs their Liberties are given them : But it is quef- tioned, whether their Polygamy does not rather hinder tban p^romote their multiplying. The immoderate Ufe of fuch Pleafures enervates and decays Men, and no vigorous IlTue can be ejcpefled from them. If their Female Slaves were treated more gently, their *Purdens and Labour leflened, the Planters would in all Pro- . btbiUty find their Account by it, in the Increafe of the Num- ber of their Servants, if every Negro was obliged to keep to one Woman, more than now they are fuffered to have two, or more. Thefe Women are very conftant to the Man that paflcs for their Husband. Adultery is reckoned the moft abomi- nable of Crimes, even by thoie Barbarians, v/ho are as jea- lous as the Italians. As to the Scandal fome People take at the Mafters denying their Negroe^ the Benefit of Baptifm, it is as groundlefs as the Notion, that their Couverfion to Chriilianity fcts them free. They and theirs are as much Slaves as before, only feme more fcrupulous Overfeers might not be willing to handle the Cat-a-nine-tails fo often againft their FcUow-Chriftians, as they would againft Infidels. The Truth is, few of thefe poor Wretches (hew any Dif- polition to hearken to the Doftrine of the Chrijftians. They are fo fond of their own Idolatry, that unlcfe the Govern- ment of Barbados was impowered to fet up an Inquifition, they would never be converted. But fuch of them as defire to receive the Sacrament of Baptifm, are fuffered and en- couraged fo far, that they ^re ufed more favourably after- wards. *Tis true, the Plirtcrs are not over forward in pro- moting fuch Converfion ; for their Slaves, in Hopes of better Ufage, would all profefs Chriftianity with their Lips, while their Hearts retained their old diabolical Idolatry : Wherefore | due Care is taken to enquire into the Reality of their Con- verfion, before they are admitted to the Holy Sacrament of I Baptifm J and it would be well if the fame Care was taken elfewhere, to prevent others receiving unwonhily that c< the Lord*s Supper, which is too often proflituted to ten]porii| Concerns. The Negroes are generally falfe and treacherous. Some I Inftauce* of great Fidelity have 'been found among them, #icb ^he Hiftory of BarSados. which have been related in the Kiftorical Account of the Idand J but for the moft Part they are faithlefs, and DifTem- blers. They are apt to fwell with a good Opinion of them- felves, on the leaft Occafion for it to be very ftubborn, are fullen and cruel, and their Mafters are almoft under a fatal Ncceflity to treat them inhumanly, or they would be un- governable. Their Numbers render them very dangerous, they being three to one to the Whites ; and by their frequent Attempts to get the Mattery one may fee, that the Planters arc forced to carry a ftridt Hand over them. The Stories that are told of the Severities they fufFer from the Overfeers, are aggravated j and few Englijh have been fo barbarous, as they are all reprefented to be, by the Ene- mies of the Plantations ; tho* according to the Nature or Underftanding of the Mafters, theSlaves are ufcd the better or the worfe. Their whipping them with 'I'hongs, till they are all a-gore of Blood \ their tying them up by their Hands or Feet, to endure fuch Stripes, and the pickling afterwards with Brine, are Bugbears to frighten Children with, like Tales of Raw-head^ and Bloody-boms, And yet when we confider how lazy they are apt to be, and how carclefs, and that the Fortune of their 'Mafters depends almoft entirely oa their Care and Labour, one can't blame the Overfeers, for punifhing the Idle and Remifs feverely. Some of them have been fo negligent, as by laying Fire too near the Canes, to fet whole (Lands of Canes, and Houfes too, in a Flame ; the knocking out a Tobacco Pipe againft a dry Stump of a Tree, by others of them, has fet it on Fire, and the Wind fanning it, and a Land of Canes being near it, has caught and burnt down all that were before the Wind. Mr. Jamts Holduppe, and Mr. Conjiantint Bilvejltr^ feveral Years ago, lo/l 1 0000 /. by fuch an Accident Their Diet is very coarfe, and yet they are very well con- tented, being perhaps better than any they had in their own Country. Their choiceft Fare is Plantines, which they boil or roaft, and then eat. They have now, twice or thrice in I Week, fait Fifli, Mackarcl, or fait Pork. They have fome Bread made of Indian Corn, of the I Produce of the Country, or fetched from Carolina. But of this there is not too great Plenty amongft them; each Family ha: a Cabbin belonging to it, for the Men, his Wives, and Children. They are built with Sticks, Withs, and Plan- tine-Leaves, which mikes every Plantation look like a little \A[r\can City, and the Planter's Houfc like the Sovereign's 'ithcffiidftof it. K a To 131 .,,, :iM , Ml If.' i ■ ■ lA !1. I' 1' ."'•'1 fi» ^■\k ■:L-vA:\''' m^ 132 716^ Hi/lory of Barbados. To each Hi^t there is a little Plot of Garden fet out, where the Negroes plant Potatoes, Yams, Caflavia-Roots, isfc, They have alfo another Sort of Food, called Loblolly, made of Maize, the Ears of which theyroaft, and then eat it. The White Servants are fometimes dieted with this ^ Maize, which is thys drefted for them ; it is pounded in a Mortar, and boiled in Water, to the Thicknefs of Fru- menty, then raeffed out to them, with fome Salt. This is a ?oor Kind of Food, and feldom ufed of late, unlefs in a Ame of great Scarcity. If an Ox, Bull, or Cow, or any Sort of Cattle, die ac- cidentally, the Negroes feaft upon it, and the White Ser- vants have often not difdained to come in for a Share. All the Inhabitants of the Idand run fo much upon making of Sugar, that they will not fpare Ground for Paftu res, which renders Flelh-Meat very fcarcc, and fit only for the Mafters Table. The White Servants and Negroes make CafTavy and Po- tatoe Bread. The latter many ordinary Planters were con- tented with at their firft Settlement on the Ifland ; but now Meal, Flower, and Bisket are plentier, few Mafters will deign to cat any Thing but Wheat-Bread. The Servants and Slaves Drinks are Mobbisy brewed with Potatoes, Water, and Sugar j Kowwow of Molaffes-Water, and Ginger; Perinj of the Caflavy-Rpot; after . iC old Women had chawed the Ji^ce, they ufed to fpit it out into the Water, where in ^ or 4. Hours it would work, and purge itfelf of the ppifpnous Quality. The Root is put in with the Juice, and this Drink is the moft like the Englijh Beer of any. 'Tis a very beaftly Preparation, and one would think by its fine Talte that it had been fome more delicate Drink. Plantine Drink is made of Plantines maflied in Water, and well boiled ^ drained the next Day, and bottled ; it will be fit to be drunk in a Week's Time, ispleafant and itronger than Sack, There is another Liquor, called Kill- Devil, made of the Skimmings of Sugar, it is ftrong, but not very palatable, and feldom falls to the Servants Lot. Pine Drink is made by preding the Fruit, and draining the I Liquor; it fhould be bottled : This is oneot thebeft Drinks that the Ifland affords j the Planters themfelves will often drink of this pleafant Liquor, and when it was firft made, it j was compared to NeSlar. The Negroes have often large Drams of Rum given I them to hearten them ac their Work; and a Pipe of Tobacco 4 and! 7he Hiftory of Barbados. atid a Dram is the moil acceptable Prefcnt that can be made them. They are rilng up every Morning at ^ a Clock, and at eleven are fet to Dinner ; at one they are rung out again to the Field, and muft work till fix. Their Mens Clothing is coarfe Woollen Jackets, or Ozln- burg Waiftcoats and Drawers. The Women have Petti- coats fc"i Wsiftcoats of theiamci the Men Monmouth Caps, and the Women the fame. They had formerly alfo in fome Plantations Rug-Gowns to wrap over them when they were hotj.^liich Cuftom was introduced by Col. WaWond^ and is moch better than burning out their Lungs with Rum. Sundays are the only Days of Pleafure to the Negroes; and the moft induftrious of them, inftead of diverting thcmfelves, or refting, as it was intend€d they fhould, fpend it in making Ropes of the Rind of certain Tries fit for that Ufe, which they fell to other Servants, Whites or Blacks, for what Ne- celiaries they can furnifh them with. There i^ a great deal of DifFereince between the Negroes ; thofe that are born in Barbados are much more ufeful Men, than thofe that are brought from Guinea. Mr. Ligon could not make this Obfervation, the Colony was t6o young ^ but the Creolian Negroes are every Way preferable to the new Comers (which they call Salt-lVdter Negroes) whom they defpife, and value themfelves much on being born in Bar^ hados. The Children that come over young from Africa are alfo better Servants, when they are grown up, th^n thofe that come thence Men or Women. As for their Living : By the Allowance of Ground, which the Mafter allows them, they have Opportunities to fow feveral Roots and Plants, to breed Goats, HCgs^ and Fowl, which they either fell or eat themfelves j- and fome of them, by their Induftry, efpecially if they are Mechanicks", come to be worth 40 or 50 /. and fometimes more, Which they are cunning enough to keep from their Matters. Such of them aj: can afford it, buy Clothes finef than their Mafter allows them j as the Men, white Holland Waiftcoatf, and Breaches, a Shift, and Silver- Clafpg. The Women alfo will make their rich Hufbands purchafe them a Shift, a fine Waiftcoat and Petticoat, and Lace for their Hejtd^, to fet themfelves out for a Holiday; They often buy Part of the I Share of th^ White Mens PfoVifions, who are fuch Sots as j to part w'>h it for Money to purchafe Rum, which is the Kilh iD^wVmen.iohed by Ligon j and a mean Spirit, that no Plan- ter of any Note will now deign to drink j his Cellars afe bet- Iterfurnidjed* •• . K3 If m m m '1. V!< , f'ft'. > pi', I'll ;)(* !f if •'' '■(■'; mm ,'!ir '3+ ■ifh ' *l T'/je Hijlcy of Barbados. If the Negroes couK' come at a dead Bull, Cow, or Horfe, it is likely they would difpatch it j but the Planters are careful to keep theoi ou*^ of their Way, by burying them immediately, orotherWifedirpofing of them, that they may not come at them, for Fear of their eating them, and being infcded by it with fotne contagious Diilemper. Thus it is plain, no Gentleman admits of his Servants being fed with Carrion, whatever Inclination they may have to it j for it muft be owned tht new Comers are very greedy,, for fuch a Repaft, when they come 6ril to Barbados ; an Inftance of which is told us in an Accident that happened to Col. Wms, who having fome Years ago bought a Lot of Negroes, fent them to his Plantation j where it happened that a Cow had lately died by Ibme ill Hap: He ordered it to be flung into ^ Well 40 Fathom deep, not thinking any of the Slaves would have ventured down after her ; but the Negroes not having fathonuid the Well, and thinking they mrght get up as caiily as the Cow got down, one of them leapt firft into the Well, and was followed by another, then bya thir2f, a fourth followed him, and him the ftftb, at (everal Times, till at laft the Ownermiftrufting what had happened, difcovered his Misfortune in the Death of his Slaves, and prevented the fixth going after the other. The Notice Li^cn takes of the Planters eating Potatoe Bread is (b true, that feveral have tfiirmed to me they preferred it to Wheateo Bread. As fnr the old Womens chawing the Cadavy Root, 'tis a Falfity, or at lead has not been praditifed in Barbados in the Memory of Man, the Perino being made of the CalTavy, worked up with Sugar, after it is baked. There's now no Drink made of Plantines. Pine Drink, fomething of the Colour of Mead, taftes (harp like the Pine, is a cooling Drink, and too good to fall to the Servants or Slaves, who would perhaps prefer a ftrong Spirit to it. As for the Rug-Gowns, mentioned by Mr. Ligon^ they are now quite out of Ufe ; whether the Reafon of them is not as gocKi in our Times, as in his, let the Gentlemen of Bar^ kados dttermine. In the Plat of Ground allowed them, befides their little Cardens to each Cottage, which is now built of Poles, and covered with Thatch, having feveral Partitions round about it, they fet Plantine Trees, fo that their Houie& are not to be feen ; they are not contiguous, but at % littie Difboce from each other, for fear of Fire. As for their Diverfions on Sundcns^ the Generality of theia dance, or wreftle all Day, the Nlen and Women together. 2a Mr. Ligon'^ Tioft, the Men danced by tbejQfiplves, ^ the The Hiflory of Barbados. the Women by themfclves, but it is not fo in oursf. They have two Mulical Inftrutnents, like Kettle- Drums^ /or eacK Company of Dancera, with which they make a very barba- rous Melody. They have other Mufical Inf^ruments, as t Bangily not much unlike our Lute in any thing, but the Mulickj the Rookaw, which is two Sticks jagged, and- a Jifikgoving, which is a Way of clapping their Hands on the Mouth of two Jars* Thefe arc all play'd together, and tccom- paiv i with Voices, in a moft terribly harmonious manner. X ncy are fo far filpcrior in Number to the Wiiites, that one would think it (hould be unfafe for the Englijh to dwell among them ; and yet the Danger by that Superiority is very li[tle, efpetially fince the Government there has taken Care to build fuch ftrong Forts m are lately built. The Reafons of the Planters Security ate thefe : The Slaves are brdUght firom feveral Places in Guinea^ which are different from one another in Language, add confequedtly they cannot converfe freely in BarhaJ&s ; or if they could^ they hate one another fo mortally, that fome of them would rather die by the Hands of t^Engli/Jj^ than join With other Africans^ in an Attempt to ihake off their Yoke. None of them are allowed to touch any Arms, unleft it is by their Mailer's Command: They are kept in Aich Awe, that they are afraid even to think of Liberty j and when they fee the Englijh mufter and exercife, there can be no Terror id the World greater than what they lie under at that Time. It is true, the CrMlion Negroes are not of this Number j they all fpeak Englijh^ and are To far from fearing a Mufter, that th^ are very familiar with if, and can tJitrC^t very well. The Way of the Englijh Merchants trafficking for them was, till lately, by (ending Ships with Beads, Pewter, Jars, Cloth, Hats, Copper Ban^ Knives, and Toys, to Africa i but now the Trade is by Perpetuanoes, Guns, Powder, Flint.«, Tallowy and Spirits. They trade from Sinrra L^ona to Cape Negrf^a, vaft Terrico7 on the Coafts^ near fifteen hundred Miles id Length; in which are many petty Kingdbim, where the Kings fell their Subjedts and Prifoners of War j fome mean Men their Servants, their Children, and fome^ hmes rhcir Wives. They are all Idolaters, and the OBjeiJ* of their aboroiftabie Worftiipis the Devil, if it ha« afty Objedt^ or have ai^y Worihip at all. The Crtolkn^ N^roes art far from fuch a, Diabolical Religion j and if they have any at all, it mull be the Englijh^ for they have no Op|)ortmvi{y to learn any other. The Foreign Slaves believe they returd to their own CojJdtry i which Bditf they brought from thence With them. Some ctf thefe Wretches are veyy ingwtious,, and others of them as ftupid'. Indeed fuch of them as are dull, K 4. arc 135 r.i • .^ rm^ m w: I ;:t ■I' '"1 ' IV. f>;?-i\ \:-\ 1 N,' ■>' .1', ■V.^ Vi»i '•J '•I > '.iT iMl ii'i i.*j H ( «■ 136 The Hijlory of Barbados. are fo to Brutality ; and fuch as are ingenious are as apt to learn as any People. They make gowi Mechanicks when they take to it, and fuch are the Treafure of a Planter j for the chief Riches of the Ifland confifts in the Slaves, of whom fome have fo great a Multitude, that their Stocks in that one Article would amount to above 20000 /. When a Mortality feizes them, the Planter is undone, unlefs he is a Monied Man, and can renew his Stock ^ which muft be rc- plenifli'd every Year, or he would foon want Hands for his Work, for there muft be great Numbers of them, almoft half in half die in Seafoning, the Polygamy of his Negroes ferving little to the Stocking his Plantation. Every Picka- ninnyy or Infant Negro, is valued at 61. at a Month old ; and the Commodity in general rifes or falls, like any other of the Market. Lowth. The Blood of the Negroes is almoft as black as their Skins. Dodtor Towm fays, I have feen the Blood of at Icaft twenty drawn forth, both Sick and in Health, and the Superficies of it is all as dark as the Bottom of zn^' European Blood, after ftanding a while in a Difh ; which is an Argument that the Blacknefs of Negroes is likely to be inherent in them, and not caufed by the fcorching of the Sun, efpecially feeing that other Creatures that live in the fame Clime and Heat with them, have as florid Blood as thofe that are in England. Whatever this Dodor has been pleafed to cc.Timunicate to the Rcyal Society, I have been informed by Gentlemen, who have feen the Blood of a thoufand of them, that there is no manner of Difference between the Colour of the Blood of a Negro and that of an European ^ as an Inftance of which he told me, Col. Tttcomb had a Negro fcalded with Sugar in feveral Parts of his Body, which left in it white Spots i and thefe white Spots wore into one another till the Negro was perfed^ly white ; and his Skin grew fo tender, that it bliftered and freckled with the Sun, which, had his Blood been black, would never have been io. This Change of the /Ethiopian's Skin, both in the Colour and Nature of it, obliged the Owner to clothe him as a white Servant. Be* (ides, all the Phyficiahs that lived on the Place, and have dif- ieded feveral, afl*ured the fame Gentleman, there was no Blacknefs in the Blood of the Negroes, nor any other Dif- ferepce between the Bodie.^ of them and the Whites. . , One may imagine, that the Charge of a Plantation, where often there are 2 or 300 Mouths to be fed, muft be very great; and this is managed imder the Mailer by a Head Over- -ifeer, ac 100 qx i^o/.. a Year Salary and Maintenance, 2 or . . :■:: . '. .. :':: '^ ^ > - - 3 Unde> I,,,;*- "''mi I'he Hiftory of Barbados. 9 Under-Overfeerj, Accomptants, and other Officers ; who have all enough to do to keep things in Order. What has been faid of Barbados^ with Relation to Ser- vants and Slaves, may fcrve for Jamaica^ they being the Riches of that Illand as well as of this, their Work and their Manner of Living the fame. Before \vc conclude this Chapter, we fliould take fome Notice of the Diverfion of the Whites, as well Maftcrs as Servants, who have their times of Recreation j the Servants on Holidays and Fcftivals, the Mafters when they plcafc, as in other Places. Gaming, as Cards, Dice, Tables, was much more fre- quent and extravagant in Barbados than it is now ; but they are obliged to ufe fcdentary Diverfions more than adive, on Account of the Difpofition of the Country, which is not fit for Hunting or Hawking. Some have attempted to hunt Hogs, which have been left wild in the Woods, or Goats with Mongrels, but it may properly be called a Mungrel Sport without the Offence of a Pun. The Turf, according to Ligon^ will never be fine enough, nor the Ground foft enough to make a Bowling- Green in Barbados. But my Lord Grey., when he was Governor of the Ifland, quite ruined this Author's Reafons, for he made one at Mr. Hotherfair^ Plantation, which he rented; and there was another long before to the Windward, upon the Cliff. Bares they might have, but there has as yet been no Trial made of one j wherefore the Diverfion of the Gentlemen va this Ifland are moft within Doors. The Gallant People delight moft in Balls and Conforts j the good Fellows, in Drink and good Company j and though one would imagine, that Men Hiould be afraid to drink fuch a hot Wine as Madeira.^ in fuch a hot Country, yet it has been known that fome of them have drank their five and fiK Botdes a Day, and held it on for feveral Years. Sweating is an admirable Relief to them in this Cafe, and has been pradtifed by many with Succefs. Madeira Wine, white and red, which is drunk here, is in Nature contrary to all other, for *twill not endure a cool Cellar. French and Rbenijh Wines neither keep in Barbados^ nor agree well with the Stomachs of the Inhabitants, if fo I conftantly drunk as in England. Few care for Canary Wine. There was once a Company of Poppet Scrollers in this I Ifland ; they came from England^ and fet up their Fairy Dranciaat the Bridge^ where, for the Novelty of the Mat- 1 tcr, they found a good Markcc : From thence they went ro the 137 'H\ 1 ; ■■;^ ■'! y^ el' ■ -n f which renders the Government worth near 4000 1, ptr An* nu/rtf belides the qoo/. a Year for the Rent of the Houfc, which is built for his Refidcnce, at the publick Charge, on PilgrirrCi Plantation ; which is alfo for his \J{e. The Council are Twelve in Number, and arc generally Men of the bcft Eftatcs and Quality in the Country. They are appointed by Letters of Mandamus from the King or Queen : And on the Death or Difmidion of any of the Members, the Governor has Power to fill up their vicaac Places with others. Their Hulinels is to advife and aflift the Governor in all Mat- ters relating to the Government ; and to be a Check upon him if he exceeds the Bounds of his CommiiTion. In the AiTcmbly they make the Upper-Houfe, and claim an intire Negative Voice, as the Houfe of Lords in England. The Prelident of the Council, in the AWence of the Covcmor, and his Deputy, fupplies his Place j and every Councilor lits in the Court of Chancery with the Governor^ and it ftilcd Honourable, by Virtue of his Place. The prefect Members of the Council are, 139 AUx, IP'alkir, Efqj JMiddltton Chamberlain^ £iiq{ Tho. Alleyne, Efq^ The Rev. Mr. Sarmtei Btref- Geo, Lillingten, Efqj Wii. Sharp, E^; Patrick Mtiniy Efqj Richard Scot^ Efq^ bumutlCoxy Efqj John Milify Efqi Theie following are lately put in by Mr. Cr§w, miiam JVheelir, Efqj John CoUittn^ E% Timothy Salter^ Efq; Clerk to the Council, Mr. C^n. The Manner of electing Affemblies, of tlieir fitting, voting, and pafling of Laws, is, as near as pQfliblc, like that of the Houfe of Commons in England. As to their Pow$r ^ Privileges, thdy are at large fet down in the Laws of the Plaatati^QS j to which we refer the Read> r, «^d ^(i» lor M.A^ui^^ Q^ ^^^ ^ ^^ "^W ^ ^^^^® " and ';t ! 1 :ifu \ \y f '■ i%- • tit 1 . I "til .'A V|v ^" i^o ^^ HiJIory of Barbados. flftd tJfc iri this Ifland ; where the Laws of England are al"* ways valid, as far as confifts with the Cuftom of the Colony. For the eaiier Diftribution of Juftice, the Ifland is divided into Five Precin(3:s : Over which there are as many Judges, who prefide one in each, and hold their Courts of Common. Pleas, for Trial of all Caufes, according to the Laws of England^ and Cufloms of Barbados. The firft ti thefe Courts is kept at Oi/}tn\ the laft Mon- day and Tuefday in January. The prefent Judge of it is Breivfler^ Ei^; The fecond at the Brid^e^ ort the Wednefday^ Thurfda^^ and Friday following. The prefent Judge, John Sandfordy E(q; The third at the Hole, on the Monday and Tuefday next cnfuing. The prefent Judge, Tho, JVarrtn^ E(q; The fourth at SpeighfSy oft the Wednejday and Thurjda) following. The prefent Judge, Alexander Andertdn, Efq; The fifth in the Parifh of St. Andrews^ on di6 Friday and Saturday next enfuing. The prefent Judge, Remold Allen^ Efq^ They continue their refpedlivo Sittings from fourWeekj to four Weeks, till the 2dth of September, yearly, and then adjourn to the laft Monday iti January. From thefe Courts there lies an Appeal, in all Caufis i*bove lo /. Value, to the Governor and ComlcU : And from them, in all above 500 /. Value, to the King, or Queen, and Coun- cil in England. Befides thefe Courts, they have A Court of Eflreats, A Court of Exchequer, the prefent Chief Baron, John Mills, Efq; Court of Admiralty, the prefent Judge, Dudliy JVoU- bridge, Efq^ Two Mailers in Chancery, Robert Stillingjleet^ Efqj and Gyles T'hyer, Efq; Clerk of the Crown, Norman Maccafcall^ Efqj Attorney General, Hodges, Efqj Sollicitor General, ^/7. -Rtfw/m. This Gentleman, in the Year 1^98. colleded the Body of the Laws of Barbados, into one Book ; which was print- ed by Order of the AfTembly : Arid chit Boojc of Law$> by TZif Hljlory of Barbados. ))y an A($ pa(7ed by tbem, is to be deemed and held a goo4 law- ful Statute-Boo k of this JJIand of B&rb^dos. Thefe Laws are all abridged, in the Treatife we have bad frequent Oc- pafiontofpeakpf.: , - Clerk of the Aflembly, James Cowes, Efqj Regifter in Chancery, JVil. Walker^ Efqj ^ - Provoft Marihal, Geo. Gordon, Efqj Which are the Chief Officers in the I/aw, and in the State; jhe firft next to the Governor, and thofe we have before- mentioned, is. The Treafurer of the Ifland, John Holder, Efq. The Secretary, Alexander Skeyne, Efq; 4'hc Governor's Secretary, Merchant, Efq; ^^ Befides thefe the People of the Ifland have Agents in England, to take Care of their Afi^irs, to whom they allow 25 pA a Year; a very handfom Salary: Aqd one would exped from fuch an Allowance, that the Planters fhould have no reafon to be at fo much trouble, to folicite the Buiinefs of the Ifland themfelves. There are ihiee of thefe Agents, who are at this time, WtlUam Bridges, E{q; Rowland Tryon, Merchant; and Sir John Stanley, Brcther-in-law to Six Bevill Granville, the late Governor. » As to the Military Affiiirs of the Colony, they are, under the Governor, managed by Colonels, in the feveral Parts of the Ifland, where are five Regiments of Foot, and two of Horfe, befides the Regiment and Troop of Guards, each confif^ng, when it is full, of above 1200 Men. In the Time of War the Governor makes General Offic€a^, for the bitter Conduft of the Forces: as, a Lieutenant Ge- neral, and Major General. The laft Gentlemen who had thefe Commiffions were Jbel jflleyne, E{q; Lieut. General. John Holder^ Efq; Major Generjjl. HI I'; .'■ ,7t • \-m-i- FOOT. The Bridge Regiment is the biggcil, and is called the Royal Regiment, or the Regiment of Foot-Guards.. It • * confiftj i't)H:H W^ 142 ^e Hfftory of Barbados. confffts, wh«n it is full, of 1400 Men, and is com. mtndcd by Col. Hallet, tttward Regiment 1200, commanded by Col. Unmai Maycock. St. Jofeph Regiment, 1200, commanded by Col. Robert Jtamans. %X. Thomas and St. Jamts Regiment, 1200, commanded by the Honourable Thomas Alleyney Efq: 0^»» Regiment, 1200, commanded by Col.— ——. /)^Wtt«ir^ Regiment, xaoo, commanded by Col. Henr) Pierce, HORSE. Z^mz/rrrfRegitnent of Horfe, 1000, commanded by Col. Thomas Sandlford, Windward Regiment, 1000, commanded by Col. John Frere. The Gard de CorpSy or Troop of Guards, confiftsof 130 Gentlemen; and on all publick Occafions attend the Governor's Pcrfon, m Mi Ulf< IF' ■■*ft m W ■ osr, Their prefent Captain is Col. Salmon. Keeper of the Stores in the Magazine, Mir. ' His Salary no/, a Year. Surveyor and Engineer General, Cdi. Lilfy. Commiflioners of the Cuftoms, IVilliam Sharp^ Efq; ind Samuel CoXy Efq; Naval Ofl5cer, Mr. Cox. Receiver of the Cafcril Revenues, Mr. Teamans, Collector of the Holt-Town^ Hugh Hmely Efq; . Colkdor at Speighf^ H^illiam Denry^ Efq; Clerk of the Markets, Norman Macca/caily Efq; Receiver of the 4; per Cent, Thomas Edwards, Efq; Cornmiflioncr of the Prizes, TVtUiam Cleland, Efq; Agent for the Ordnance, John Merring^ Efq; The Way of lifting, raifing, and paying the Militia, comes under that Article in the Laws of Barbados; and there- fore we ihall fay nothing of it in this Place, but proceed to the Revenues; which are fuch as are raifed for the King or Queen's Ufe, and fuch as are raifed for the Ufe of the Ifland. Asfirft, the ^- per Cent, upon all Goods ihu)ed off; which iJ fettled on the Crown, and amounts to, Cemmunshs Jm 1 0000/. per Annum, 4 Ti»l ^he Hijlory of Barbados. The next Duty is X Pound of Gun-powder for each Tun, of every Ship that unlades there, ^nd is always paid in Spe- cie, amounting to about 600 /. There is alfo a Duty on Madeira Wine?, 4 /. 10 j. ^ Pipe, «Ovhich amounts yearly to about 7000/. And on all other Liquors, which does not bring in above Thcfi: are fettled Duties j the other are fuch as are raifed by the Atiembly for the Service of the Colony; and that is generally done by a Pound-Ta^', or Pole-Tax, and fome Years have amounted to 20000 /. But there is nothing fettled on the King or Queen, and their Heirs, except the 4.^ per Cent. The other two Duties are appropriated to the Ufe of the Stores and f^orts : And the Barbadiatis fay the fame of the 4.; per Cent, Duty : With what Reafon, will be feea hereafter. The Parifli-Taxe5 are raifed by theVeftry, for the Main- tenance of the Minifter, and the Poor, and keeping the Churches in due Repair. And this brings us naturally to the Church-Affairs of the Ifland, which are under the Govern- ment of a Surrogate, appointed by the Biihop of London^ who is the Ordinary of all the Englijh Colonies in America : Where, in Imitation of his Lordfliip's Zeal for the Church of Englandy its Faith and Worfliip are, for the moft Part, ftridly profeiTed. The Laws of Barbados charge and cam- mandf that all Perfons inhabiting that Ifland^ conform tham- jdvti to the Government and Difcipline of the Chur:b r \ and by ;h ends in /ere ficiing e. eft of that ding their nee to the ley are uh' they can England^ land diftin- and Equi- pre grown Co?nmodi'. \s as VDell a: hcat'ion of m qf Oak- they fom in a great id Library I in the Sci- Dfing them dangers of I trc, having Money I Tbe Hi/lory of Barbados!." Money at Will, when they are not of Years to know how to make Ufe of it, they frequently continue in their Profulion and Prodigality, till they have none left to fpend. As the Gentlemen of Barbados may fuppofe the Author is very well acquainted with this Truth, fo they cannot bur know, that he can give a great many Exceptions to this bad Cuftom, but not enough to argue againft its being aboliihed. H5 C H A P. VII. Of the Sugfir Canes, and the Way of making and refining Sugar, as it is now pradifed in Barbados ; together with an Account of the Nature and Ufe of that Commodity, Rum, and MolafTes. TtT'E have, in thefirft Chapter, fliewed at what Time Sugar ' *^ Canes b^an to be firft planted in Barbados-, we fhall now fliew as well how thofe Plants were then cultivated, as how they are managed at prefent. 'Tis for the Sake of this Plant, that many Thoufands of Englijhmen have tranfported themfelves, their Families, and Eftates, to the Weji- Indies-, by this they have been raifed from mean Conditions to a State of Affluence and Grandeur. By this many Thoufands of Families have fublifted, and been [enriched in England^ the publick Revenues, Trade, and Navigation, have been advanced, and the national Stock has encreafed above three Millions. In a Word, the Grain produced by this Plant has been faid, by very good Judges, to contain a pubftance, was it altogether, as big as the whole Ifland. Sugar grows in a long Stalk, which we call a Cane, fiill of [Joints, two, three, four, or five Inches afunder, and about Ifix Foot high ; the Sprouts and Leaves at the Top rifing up fo [high, as may make it near 8 Foot in all. The Body of the jCane is about an Inch Diameter, feldom more. The Co- llourof the Cane Tops is a pure Grafs-green j of the Cane ptfelf, yellowifti, when ripe : Tis covered with a thin Skin )r Bark, fomewhat hard on the Infide, being of a white fpungy Subftance, full of Juice, which the Servants and Dthers fuck, and eat great Quantities of, without injuring kheir Health j nothing fis pleafanter than this iSap, when the .-ane is ripe; it is alfo very nourifhins; and wholefom, if aken with Moderation. Their Way of eating i( is thus; "-'..II. fc Thtjf, : r J.vft- ' , / *., f ^ 1.1*1 'fe ,!!''.' \ **> M'JiiK B" ('fi' ' m::h J 46 72;^ Hijlory of Barbados. They cut the Skin or Rind ofF, and put the Pith or fpungy Parts into their Mouths, when the Juice will come out more freely than Honey out of the Comb j and this Swcetnefs as far exceeds that of Honey, asu Pippin does a Crab. Tis not furfeiting, but the cleaneft and bell Sweet in the Univerfe. The Nature of this Juice is much like to that of Apples, but fomething thicker, it is yellow when the Cane is ripe, clean, and without any ill Taftc or Hogo, and goes off the Palate as fweetly as it came on. Of this Juice Sugar, Rutn, and MoIafTes are made. The Seafon for planting of Sugar Canes is from Augufl to the Beginning of December fometimes j which Canes don't arrive to Maturity, till they have been a Year and a Quarter, or a Year and an half in the Ground. Their Manner of growing is in Sprouts, three, four, or five, from one Root. They are not all of a Size, either in Bignefs or Length, according to the Goodnefs of the Soil, and the Seafons. Some Canes will . ot rife above 3 Foot high, and others 5, and the Flags or Cane Tops of them ex- ceed 9 Foot high, Stalk and all, and fometimes are under 6. Thefe Cane Tops make very good Food for Horfes and black Cattle ; but the folid Canes are carried to the Mill, for the^Ufes we (hall mention hereafter. The Manner of planting them, is by digging long Trenches in the Earth, about 6 Inches deep, and as many broad, and laying a double Row of Canes along in the Trench one by . another, from one End of the Trench to the other ^ then the Earth is thrown in, and anor*^ ^r Trench dug, and fo another, at about two Foot Diilance, till all the Land is planted, by laying the Canes along. Thus they produce the greater Number of Sprouts; for this Way a Branch flioots out of every Joint of the Cane, whereas the firft Planters ufed to thruft a Piece of Cane perpendicularly into a Hole at certain Diftances, which yielded no Shoot but from the Top ; and having three or four Sprouts, whofe whole Weight depended on one Roor, when they grew tall and heavy, the Storms loofened the Roots, and fo they rotted, and became good for nothing. By this new Way of Planning, the Root is fe- cured, and the Produce encreafed. They come up in a little while after they are planted j in about 12 Weeks they will be 2. Foot high. The next Care of the Planter is to keep liis Canes well weeded, Weeds being very apt to grow among them, and for- merly the Withies in particular, a Creeper that runs along the Ground, and fattens to the Canes, by which they hinder their Qrowth. ' ' ■ The iEX( • m'" fpungy [ more :nefs as ?\s noi niverfe. Apples, is ripe, off the , Rum, les don't Quarter, four, or either in the Soil, re 3 Foot them ex- i under 6. lorfes and : Mill, for ; Trenches jroad, and ch one by ^ then the b another, ilanted, by .e greater lOts out of :ers ufed to at certain Topi and |t depended ;h9 Storms :ame good iRoot is fe- ip in a little I they will be I ICanes well| |m, and foi- ls along the 1 I they hinder Thei T/je Hi/lory of Barbados. The Roots muft alfo be examined to fee if any have failed, that they may be fupplied in Time with others, left the Ground iKould yield fomething hurtful to the Plant. If the Withy had over-run a Plantation, or the Planter had negle(5tcd to fill up the Vacancies of the Roots that failed in Time, by which Means the Crop was fume ripe and fome green, and could never be feparated but by much more Labour than they were worth, the Planter burnt the Canes on the Ground. By this tho' he lofl fo much Time as his Canes had grown, yet he did not lofe his Planting, for the Fire did not touch the Root, which Ihoots out again prefently ; and ic bettered the Soil, and deftroyed the Rats. They did this by kindling the Fire on the Outfides of the Field, in a Circle quite round the Piece of Ground ; the Rats retired from the borders ro the Centre, and the FlaiTies reaching at lalt to that, confumcd a Swarm of them together. Thefe Vermine were brouLiht thither by the Englijh ShipSj and will fo gnaw and fuck the Canes, that they rot after it. In the Time of the Turnado, in November and December^ the Rats flew to the Houfes, where they would have done as much Mifchief, but that they were more eafily deftroyed. The Practice now is to dung the Canes, which is done either when they are planted, or when they come up, and are two Foot high, and this is the greateft Trouble and Ex- pcnce the Planter is at j for if it was not for this dunging, a third Part of the Negroes would do. When the Canes are ripe, v/hich is known by their Coloar, they are cut up by Hand with a Bill, or other Tool, by one at a Time (for they are too big to be mowed with a Scithe, or cat with a Hook) as they cut them, they trim them, chop off the Top, and cut or ftrip off the Leaves or Flags on the Sides, which are faved fortbeUfes we have already fpoken of. The Canes thus cut were bundled up in Faggots, and tied up with the Withies that grew among them, but are now only tied with the Tops of the Canes. Then they arc carried to the Mill by Aflnegoes, in Carts, or drawn by Horfes. The Mills that were at firft in Ufe there, were Cattle- Miiis; but lately every {i.ibftantial Planter has one or two Wind- Mills, and fome three, as at Sir Richard Hacket\ Sir Samuel Huiband\ and Col. Draxh Plantations. Their Cattle-Mills and Wind-Mills are made after the fame Manner as ours in England, and they grind the Canes thus in the Cattle- Mills: The Horfes and Cattle being put to their Tackle, go about, and turn by Swteps the Middle Rol- lers which being cogged to tura others M the upp«r Eod, La turn H7 !'-■ 1 1v^: k >' : « '•kT i.'^, M ■'r i w '( J ^.8 Ti^ Hijiory of Barbados. turn them about. They all three turn upon the fame Centres, which.arc of Brafs and Steel, going fo eafily of themfelves, that a Man, taking hold of one of the Sweeps with his Hand, may turn all the Rollers about j but when the Canes are put in between the Rollers, it is a good Draught for five Oxen or Horfcs. A Negro Woman puts in the Canes on one Side, and the Rollers draw them through on the other Side, where another Negro Woman ftands, receives them, and returns them back on the other Side of the- Middle Roller, which draws the other Way. This Operation prelTes out the Juice, and the Engli^ do no more to the Canes : But the Spaniards have a Prefs to fqueeze out the Remainder of the Liquor, after both the former Grindings. Their Works are fmall, and they are willing to make the moft of them. Mr. LIgon, from whom fome Part of this Account of the Cattle-Mill is taken, fpeaks more largely of it; but thefe Cattle-Mills are almoft quite out of Ufe, there being 40 Wind-Mills to one Cattle- Mill. The Rollers are of Wood, cafed with Iron, and they prefs out the Juice fo thoroughly, thatl^re is no Occafionof a Prefa- to fqueeze them; for in an Hour's Time the Sun dries the Canes fo much, they arc fit to burn. Under the Rollers there is a hollow Place, into which all the Juice that runs from the Canes is received, and by Pipes of Lead, or leaden Gutters covered over clofe, conveyed into a Ciftcrn, near the Stairs, as you go down from the Mill. Houfe into theBoiling-Houfe. The bruifed Canes, which are called Tra^ in Barbados, are dried in the Sun ; and fSnce Wood is growti fcaice, be- See hh Let- comc the principal Fuel there. It makes, fays Mr. Tryon, a ttru weak and uncertain Fire, much inferior either to IVood tr Coals, in the boiling of Sugars. When Sugar was Hrft planted in this Ifland, one Acre of Canes yielded more than now, for four, five, fix, or feven Years together, without any farther planting or dunging; the fame Root would (hoot forth new Branches, and thofe be fuller of Sap than the Canes are at this Time ; when the Sugar being of fo great a Subftance, and containing fuch a Quantity of rich Juices, and the Planters being hmiced to a fmall Proportion of Land, preflingit fo often with the fame Plant, and never letting itlie ftill, the Soil is fo impoveriflied,] that: they are now forced to dung and plant every Year ; info- much that 100 Acres of Cane require almoft double the I Number of Hands they did formerly, while the Land re- tained its natural Vigour^ which alfo then did not only bring. "" '" """■ ■' '■ iQm The WJiory of Barbados. forth certain Crops, but fewer Weeds too, the Weeds hav- ing been encreafed by frequent Dunging. Moft of the Sugar Ulands, Barbados efpecially, have a kind of white chalky Gravel, called Marl^ two or three Foot deep, which of it felf is of fo hot a Temper, and that is en- creafed fo much by dunging, that their Crops in all dry Seafons are fure to failj and on the other Hand, in a wcc Year the Canes grow rank, and never come ro Maturity. Some Objeftions will certainly be made to this at Barbados ; for what is laid of the Uncertainty of the Fire of the dried Canes, can only relate to the Negligence of Servants, in feeding it, for if there's Fuel, it will always be a conflanc and vigorous Flame. As to the Marl, faid to be frequent here, it is fo rare, that I have been told by an Inhabitant of the Ifland, he rarely or never faw any, nor met with a Soil too hot, or a Seafon too rank for his Canes. We have before treated of the Growth of the Canes, and the fqueezing out the Juice in a Cattle-Mill j the Pradlicc is much the fame in aWater-Milli but this relates to Ja- maica, and thofe Iflands, where Rivers are more common than here. The chief Difference between the one and the other confifts only in the Way of turning the Rollers, cither by Draught or Wind. When the Liquor is in the Ciftern, it muft not remain there above one Day, left it grow four : From thence it is conveyed through a Gutter, fijicd to the Walls of the Boil- jng-houfe, to the clarifying Copper, or Boiler, and there boiled, till all the Filth or grols Matter rifing on the Top, is skimmed off. This is the largefl: Copper in the Boiling- houfej and as the Liquor is refined, 'tis taken out of the Copper, and carried into the fecond, and fo into a third, fourth, fifth, fixth, and (eventh. The lead is called the Tach, where it boils longeft. It is continually kept ftirring and boiling, ull it comes to a Confiftency ; and yet all this Bciling would reduce it only to a thick clammy Subflance, without kerning or turning to a Grain, were it not for the Temper that is thrown into it. This Lye or Temper was many Years ago made of the Aflies of the Wttby, v/hich in the Field was (o deflrudtive to the Cane, fteeped and boiled in Water to a certain Strength j and of this a fmall Quanti- ty was thrown into the Boiler, when the Sugar was boiling, upon which it would prefently kern, and grow hard. The Quality of the Temper is fharp, and this Acid caufes the clammy Subftance to part, curdle and kern j and fo it candies, and becomes Sugar. A Drop of this thrown imo L 3 tho 149 iif" '. V »; r r -■ ili) 4ii ' i ■■'i S»> 1'. J5<3 7i< ':i». A ■ .t' I-+ If I J 52 the Hi/lory of Rubados. IF the Canes be not good, then nine Pounds make but three Quarters of a Pound of Mufcovado Sugar, and the like Quantity of MolalTes. The Badncfs of the Canes was» in limes pad, caufcd either by iheif being planted too thici<, which intercepted the Heat from penetrating through them to the Root«, or a wet Seafon, by which Ibme will be ripe, and fome not j and what are of them, will not be fo much in Qiiantity, nor fo good ill Quality. There was as much DilTcrcnce between the Sugar made of fuch Sort of Canes, and of fuch as were ripe, as there is be- tween Cyder made of Apples growing on the Out fide of the Trees, and of thofc that grow under the Ihady Boughs, where the Sun cannot influence them with its warming Beams. This was when the Soil was too rich j but now there's no fuch Fault, and ihe Canes all ripen well, if plant- ed in time. There are alfo other Caufes of Goodnefs of the Colour and Grain of fome Mufcovado Sugar, and the Badnefs of others : As the Goodnefs and Badnefs Oi the Lands the Canes grow on j the good or bid Times of the Year the Sugar is made in ^ and the Art and Experience of the chief Boiler. The beft Sort is that which is of a lively, whitilh and bright Yellow, with a fparkling Grain. I have feen fome of this Sort made at Mr. IValter's Plantation at Jpe/hill^ fo fine and white, that when there was a heavy Duty on firft and fecond Whites, and another on Sug;ars fit for Ufe, befides that on Mufcovado, which continues to this Day, was paft by the Surveyors at the Cuftom-houfe for firft Whites, and his Cor- refpondcnt Sir John Baivdon was forced to ufe a great deal of Solicitation to get them off as Fitts. a Term the Mer- chants called the Sort next above Mufcovado by, and was the loweft degree of clay'd or purged Sugars. Other Sorts I have feen as bad as Antego Sugar, and fit only for a Dutch Marker. The next Operation with Sugar, is refining the Mufcovado by the fame Lime-Water^ as the Juice of the Cane is refined with i and thefe Sugars are called Whites^ or purged Sugar, Clay'd Sugars are made white by claying the Pots of Nluf- ' covado : Which is done thus : They take a kind of whitifh Clay, fomewhat like Tobacco Pipe-clay, and temper it with Water for that Purpofe, to about the Thicknefs of Pancake- batter ; they pour it with a Ladle on the Sugar in the Pots, near an Inch thick j which Clay has a wonderful Power ^ over the Sugar, to purge the grofTer, flatulent, or treacly Fa« dowowwrd, and to caufe the Pot of Sugar, which ge- ncraiiy 5 Colour ?.dncfs of [he Canes Sugar is ef Boiler. ,nd bright [^e of this p fine and id fecond es that on ift by the his Cor- great deal the Mer- ^ and was ther Sorts a Dutch *7be Wflon of Rarbados. nerally contains about half an hundred of Brown -fugar, to become Ids in Qiiantity, and of fcvcral Colours and Good- ncfs. For the fir It three or four Inches on the Top of the pot, the Sugar, after it has ftood four Months, is very white, near the Whitencfs of our Sugar-bakers Sugar; and the next four or five Inches is not fo white; and (o the whole Pot is in degrees, till you come to the Bottom ; eve. y Degree down- wards growing worfc and worfc. For this Reafon the Sugar- bakers and Claycrs divide the fevcral Sorts into Fir/Is^ Se- conds^ Thirdsy and Fourths \ each of which Sorts is packed • in fcparate Casks from the other, and fold at different Prices, very far fliort of what they bore in the Infancy of the Colony, White-Sugar felling then for lo /. a Hundred, and now not for 3 /. This Account is given us by Mr. Tryort^ who was not fo well acquainted with the Claying of Sugars, as he was with Mafcovado : For the true Way of Claying of Sugars is this; When the Liquor is brourht from the Clurifitrs^ it is /train- ed, and then carried into the Tadcs^ ar.d made as other Sugars are : But when it comec to ■ -c put into Pots, it is icept ftirred till it begins to cool. When ■ has been kept ten Days, it is dug up for five or fix Inche - deep, and then levelled again, and covered with the Cla; , vhich lies on it, for ten Days; then it is dug up anH 'evelled as bef /, and a pew Clay put on, which lies on it cih.'t is thoroughly purged : After which it is knocked out, and divided into Firfls and Seconds, and the Bottom fometimes makes a Third Sort. There is at Icaft 30 or 35 /»^r Cent, waftej but this is made up by the Molaffes, which makes a very good P^niv/- Sugar; and the MolafTes of thofe Pamels I diftilled into Rum, which of late has been rarely made, bccaufe of the exccilive Duty. The vaft Quantities of purged Sugar that arc made here and there, occafion its Cheapnefs j though the Planters have late- ly been forced to lay down the claying of Sugars, on ac- count of the high Duties, and low Rates in England. Clay'd Sugar not br"i:^ refined, that is, boiled over again, is not free from various, grofs, Treacly Qualities ; which Refining only will purge away, or feparate. None of our Sugar-Iilands can ;iiake this Sort to any Advantage, except Barbados. And it is not all Plantations there, that yield Canes whofe Juice kern to a Mufcovado Sugar, fit for claying, for want of Strength. If a 1 00 Weight of Firfts and Seconds fhould be refined, it would not make above half that Quantity, the reft beings as we have laid, Coarfe Sugar, Molafles and Skimmings, of a dirty black Subftance \ which grois excrementitiou:^ Mat- ter, '53 \\ II m 154 fT/^^ ^^(Pry ^ Barbados. ■^* ter, while the Sugar remained entire, was unknown and im- perceptible to the moft curious Eye ; and it is the like in Mufcovado, to a larger degree, as to the grofs Matter. The fined purged Sugar that ever came from Barbados, was, till within thefe 18 or 20 Years, made of the Growth of Sir Timothy ThornhilPs Plantation, Sir John Bawdon\ and Mr. If^alter^s. The former had a Negro who was al- lowed to communicate his Art to one of Sir John Bawdon\ a Boiler ; and he became fo excellent, that 1 have heard * that Gentleman fay, he would not fell him for 500/. This Blaok inftruded Mr. IFalter's Servant, and others have fince made excellent Whitee, but none fo good as came from thofe Plantations. Mr. IP^alter's and Sir John Bawdonh Plantations lye both in Scotland', and one may thence imagine, that that part of the Uland produces a Sugar fittcft for the Clay ; though it is to be fuppofed, that the Skill of their Servants contributed moft to the Goodnefs of their Sugars. There are other Ways of diftinguifliing good Sugar from bad, particularly Mufcovado Sugar, that has only gone thro' the Operation of boiling, v/hich is by its keeping ; Mufco- vado being fouler and grolTer, than either clayed or refined, will not keep fo long. It may be kept feveral Years, and be fit for Ufe, though not fo good the tecond Year as it was thefirft; and if it is a Year and an half old, it grows of a foft yielding Temper, and a fmall weak Grain or Body, The Refiner will find out its bad Qualities as foon as it is in his Pan, and it will neither yield fo much, nor what ii makes be fo good, as if it had been worked fooner. Clay'd Sugar, if well ordered, will keep longer, though not much ; for which reafon Braftl Sugar is generally moift ^ and Barbados clay'd Sugar will alfo fink into the fame Clammincfs, and not keep fo long as what is refined. We have fo often mentioned refined Sugars, the Reader will expe6fc an Account of them, and in what they differ from clay'd. The clay'd*, as is before-mentioned, has no Lime- Water put into it, neither is it boiled again, but only Pots of Muf- covado Sugar clay'd down ; which Clay, by its Coldnels, condenfes, and forces the Moifture downwards j yet enough is left behmd, to make it fouler and grofTer than refined Sugar y which is Mufcovado boiled over again, and claiiiied with Lime-water, potted and ft rained ; and this Sugar will be drier, and of a more fparkling White than the brighteft of j the clay'd. Doubkl Double The Hijlory of Barbados. Double and treble refined is only ths fame Sugar clarified twice or thrice over. By which means I have feen feme Sugar whiter than the falling Snow, and of a Grain as fine as Flower J ycc of a Sweetnefs that nothing could equal, which was not of the Juice of the Cancj and this fold af- ter the rate of ten Pound a Hundred ; when firft Whites fetched but three Pound, or three Pound ten Shillings. There arc no great Quantities of this Sort exported from Barbados^ the Duty on refined Sugar being no lefs than ^0 s. a Hundred in England, The Sugar refined in Barbados is infinitely finer and whiter than the Sugar-Bakers Sugar here in England ^ who are a Sort of Men that have adulterated this Commodity, and brew it as much when it is in Liquor, as Hedge- Vintners fo- phiiticate their Wines. The Grain of the Barbados Refined Sugar is very fine, and the Colour a true white, comparable to the bell of that Kind in Nature: Whereas the Sugar-Bakers refined Sugar is a blewifti fickly white, which looks glaring to the Eye, but will not bear Examination like the Barbados, One Reafon of this, among many others, may be the whitening the Sugar in Barbados in the Sun. Some Planters ufe Barbicues for this Purpofe; a Machine made about three or four Foot high, with Drawers to hold the Sugar ; and thefe are drawn out when the Sugar is expofed> and Ihut in on the Likelihood of wet or mifty Weather, which would melt that Com- modity. Sugar dried and whitened by the Sun-beams, in a ferena Climate, muft of Confequence be a purer White, than what is dried in fmoky Rooms by Coal-Fires, or in Stoves, where the Dampnefs will prejudice the true Brightnefs of the Sugar, though the Bakers have a way to make it fparkle even more than that of Barbados. Since both they and the Plants crs work up all their Sugar with the Salt Nitre of Stones, infufed in Water ; v/hich is better underftood by Lime-Wa- ter, as we have hitherto called it ; and that this Ingredient is reckoned unwholefom by fcveral Men and Women, Dodors, Apothecaries, arid others, that the dufty, ftony Quality of the Lime remains in the Sugar, efpecially the refined j and will rather ufe brown, dirty, or clay'd Sugar, it will not be improper to anfwer this Objection, that many thoufands of Perfons, who have not given themfelvos the Trouble of ftudying this Matter, may be convinced of their Error : In which 1 Ihall make ufe of the Argument of the late Mr. Thomas Tryon^ an eminent and an ingenious Barbados Mer- chant at Londofiy who reconciled Bufinefs and Letters, and ; ihewed^ ^ss ■H I ;•■■ / • J. II ^8 '... '. . :.■» » -J *•■'' . .'•/.(* I V, ■ ) ■m : Mfi ':! ;':..!•> -9* '»J6 Tryon'i Littirs. f>' ^e Hi/iory of Ezrhsidos, fhewecl, that a Man might at once improve his Underftand. ing and his Fortune. His Words are thefe j ' The brown or clay'd Sugars are good in their kind; they are not to be compared with our white refined Su- gars, this being a general and fure Rule, that the whiter any Sugar is, the cleaner, finer, and wholefomcr it is, and is the more purged from all Groflhefs and Impurity. On the other Side, the blacker, duller, and moifter any Sugar is, the fouler and grofler ic muft be, and confequently the more unwholcfom and un-;ealchy j for the moft, if not all the Operations of boiling, skimming, clarifying, and ftraining, performed in making the grofs crude Juices of the Sugar-Cane into Mufcovado Sugar, is done by the Re- finers, even to a higher Degree, and with great Charge, Skill, and Cleanlinefs, in working Brown-Sugar into White; and certainly the more Sugar is freed from its GrolTnefs and MolaHes, the more compad and harder is its Body, and the more Spirits and Life is in it. It will perform all the Ufes in Houfewifery to a greater Perfedlion, is of a finer Tafte, of a more excellent Complexion, and caufes ail Things, wherein ic is mixed, to be more wholefom and pleafant ; fo that thefe fcrupulous Perfons may afllire them- felves, that the fparkling Grain, and Hardnefs of White- Sugar, are not at all occafioned by any Mixture of Lime, but by its own Finenefs, as being freed from the grofler Part, or Molafles, or treacly Quality, which is foft, grofs, and of a black or dull Complexion : Befides, the Sal Nitral Powers and Virtues that imbibe and give them- felves forth, and incorporate with the Water, are invi- fible and fpirituous Qualities, as much unfeen, and un- known to Mankind, as the Powers and Virtues that dwell in the Centre of all vegetative and animal Creatures. And though we know each Creature encreafcs, grows, and multiplies, yet the inward Power from whence this pro- ceeds, remains a Myftery, and wholly invifible to us. Now for the Satisfatflion and better Information of fuch as per- iift in a Belief that there is fome Trick of the Workman in preparing a Compoft or Mixture of Lime, or fome luch thing in white refined Sugar, let them take common j Water, as that of the Thames j or NfW-River^ which for the moft Part is not very fine nor clear, into which let them infufe fuch a Quantity of flacked Lima as Refiners do, in a ihort Time the dufly Body of the faid Lime will fink to the Bottom, and the Water will become, as it were, purged or rarified from all its Impurities, and thereby be rendered much finer and clearer than other Water that ■ ,«jv ■ J comes I ^e Utjlory of Barbados. comes from the fame Spring: Befides, the Lime Water will keep fweet, and free from all Kind of ftinking Foulnefe, a confiderable Time longer than any other common Water that is entire, or without this Ingredient of Lime. 'Tis with this clear and fine Water, that both brown and white Sugars are boiled up, and that which endues both Sorts with its fparkling lively Grain, and brisk fpirituous Body, and without which no Art could raife it to fuch a complete and ufeful Body, and become fo lively and vigo- rous in Operation ; unto which moft or all the beft exhiJa- rating Cordials, made by Phyficians, Apothecaries, and Houfewives, owe their Original : So that let them believe or not, it is manifeft there is no fuch Mixture of Lime, Alum, or any Thing like it in the Refiners white Sugar.* There is another white Sugar of feveral Colours, exceed- ing our Mufcovado, called Lijbon Sugar, becaufe it came firll from Braftl to Lisbon^ but particular Planters have made as good Sugar of that Sort at Barbadosy as ever was made at: Brafil', an Inllance of which I have given in this Chapter j and the moid Barbados Sugar is often fold by our Grocers for Lisbon^ which the good Women call a Fat Sugar^ fup- pofing it will fweeten better, but our Refiners white Sugar is much whiter, drier, and cleaner than the 5r 160 77je Hiftory of Barbados. to Terc/'t-as and Fjk?/! for Wine and Brandy ; to the Ifles of May ai J Curajfau for Salt ; and to Ireland iox Beef and Pork ; but that Trade is (bmcwhat leflTened lately. 'Tis amazing to think what a prodigious Number of Hands this little Spot of Ground employs, which we fliall treat of cUewhere, and what great Commerce it occafions in thofe Parts of the World. As to its Trade with England^ it formerly loaded 400 Sail of Ships, moR: of thorn of confiderable Burthen, with Sugar, Cotton, Ginger, I7V. SwvcetheWar, that Number is decreafed to ^y^-^ ivid even that ?s much more than all the other Sugar-Iflands pu*: .'ogether .-^h • loaded Home. The Inhabitant? at fj It r>Uiiteu Tobacco, and fent it to England, but it was found to be lb bad, that Neceliity, as well as Profit, obliged them to look out for fome other Tratie, iho' as good Tobacco as any in the World has grown there. Indigo was Happed thence fome Years fince, but there is now little or none made in rh; Illand. Of Ginger fcraped and fcalded they r«ake great Qai^.ndties, and have Abundance of Cotton-Shrubs ; a Commodity that turns very well to . Account. They alfo fhip Lignum Vita^ Succats, Citron-Water, Mo- lalfes, Rum, and Lime-juice, for England. The tv;o lad Commodities., about 20 Years ago, ufed to come in Kegs for Prefents, io did the Succats ^ and the Citron- Water in Bottles : But now French Wine and Brandy are dear, and Lemons fcarce, Rum-Punch has been much ufed, and Lime- juice fupplied the Place of Lemons. Thefe Goods they confign to their Fadlors or Correfpondents in England \ who have 2 and half per Cent. Commiflion for Sales, and as much for Returns ; and one half per Cent. Commiflion, for paying and receiving Money by Bills of Exchange. The Merchants in Barbados have 5 per Cent. CommiflTion for Sales, znd $ per Cent, for Returns j which, together with other Advantages, make their Bufinefs very advantageous; but they are apt to impofe upon the Planters in the Prices of | what they buy and fell, obliging them to take their Neccffa- lies, which they know they muft have, at what Rates they 1 pleafcj and giving them the fame for their Sugar, which they Jcnow they muft fell. Moft of the Merchants there are a Sort of Shop-keepers, and retail their Goods in their Ware-houfes. Of late there are feveral Shop-keepers, who buy whole Cargoes of them at fo| much pit Cent. Advance upon the prime Colt in the In- voice,! Thi^ Hijlory of Barbados. voice, and retail out the Goods afterwards. Thefe Goodsj which arc all brought from England or Ireland^ are, Oxinbrigf?, which is a chief Commodity, vaft Quantities being confumed by the Servants and Slaves, whofcJ Clothing is made of this Sort of Linnen. Linnen of all Sorts, for the Planters and their Families. Broad Cloth and Kerlies, for the Planters own Ufuj or their Overfeers. Silks and SrufFs, for their Ladies and Houfhold Servants. Red Caps, for Slaves, Male and Female. Stockings and Shoes of all Sorts, for Mailers and Servants. Gloves and Hats, of all Sorts and Siies. Millenary- Ware and Periwigs. Laces for Linnen, Woollen and Silks. Beef from Ireland. Pork from England or Ireland. Peafe, Beans, Oats, and Bisket. The three form6r from the Weft Country j the latter from London^ the Bread being better there than in any other Part of England^ and will keep better j which is a great Convenience now, that good Bisket is bought for 8 j. a Hundred. By that Time it gets to Barbados., perhaps it will be half Worm-eaten, or at leaft by that Time it is half fpent, the reft will be good for nothing. This Damage is in fome Meafure prevented, by the Goodnefs of the Bread, which the London Bakers underftand beft j and tho' it may come cheaper in the Country, yef by that Time it is fold at the Bridge^ or in the Store-houfe ac the Planter*s Habitation, there will be fo much Wafte^ that the Price is generally double j and it is often fo wiith London Bisket aUb. Wine of all Sorts, ftrong Beer, and Pale- Ale, Pickles, Candles, Butter and Cheefe, Iron Ware for Mills and Sugar- Works; as Whip-faws, Hand-faws, Files, Axes, Hatchets, Chifels, Adzes, Hoes, Pick -axes, Mattocks, PlainSj Gouges, Augres, Hand-bills, Drawing-knives, Nails, and ailSortsof i^/rw/«^^flOT Ware, Leaden- Ware, Powder and Shot, and Brafiery Ware. As to Braliery and Birmingham Ware, tho' they are good Commodities, yet they are fuch as agree the leaft with the Climate of any. They ruft, canker, and are eaten up in a few Years. The Air there is fo moift, that if any.Inftrument of Steel is never fo clean, let it lie one Night expofed to the Air, ic will be rufty by nexc Morning : which, tho' Things do not yoL.n; M ' ; ^^ !6r , M, fM •i' :"" Jim '';'ai' ¥^ "^ ':nk > I, ill- it' li!^ mill WW ' ■'ttS 162 7/'v Hijlory of Barbados. rufl: fo foon noWj occafions the NecelTity of frequent Sup. plies of fach Sort of Goodji. Copper Ware for the Sugars is a very good (Commodity. Clocks and Watches feldom go right there; but I believe the Warch- makers are as often in the Fault, or the Owners at leaft in not looking well after them, as the Air, the Damp, ncfs of which is laid to afledt the Springs and Movements fb as to render the Motion uncertain, I know a Gentleman who carried over a Watch to Barhndos^ of fFaten's making, ten Years ago, after he had had it four in England, and that Watch went well for fevcn Ye^rs there, without wanting to be cleaned or righted : WhercLJ a Watch made at the fame Time by the fame Man, of the fame Price, and with equal keeping, was fpoiled in a much lels Time in England, with- out any Accident coming to it j and yet for fevcral Years it went as well, or better, than the other, which has been lince another Voyage to Bar ba Jos, and goes Hill well without mend- ing. And this is a plain Proof, that the Climate is not fuch an Enemy to the noble Machine, a Watch, as fomc ignorant I'oyagers pretend ; who cither carried over Trafli, 01 did not kno;v how to ufe them. All Sores of India Goods and Toys, CoaL", Pan-tib, Hearth-ftones, Hoops; and, in a Word, every Thirg that is proper for an Englijh Market, or Fair, will fell there, the Difference of the Climates always conlidered. Servants will go off well, efpeciaily fuch as are not tranf- ported for Crimes, but go voluntarily. Of thefe many Com- panies have been lent from Scotland', and fince the Union has iucceeded, it is to be hoped many more will be tranfportcd thither. But upon the Difputes between the two Nations, abcjc the IVeJh India Trade, at Darien and eliewhere, the Scots denied the Englijh the Advantage which their Colonies drew from their Plenty of Servants, occalioned by the Num- ber of the Poor in that Kingdom, Mechanicks, as Carpenters, Joiners, Mafons, Smiths, Paviers, Coopers, Taylors, go off beft ; and if very good ones, are v/orth 25 or 30 /. a Piece for their 5 Years Service. This and the other lilands in King Charles's Reign lay under t'^c Scandal of kidnapping young Men and Boys, that is, forcing or enticing them aboard a Ship without their own j or Friends Confents ; fome great Merchants were charged with it, and Sir W. Hayman, a Brijlol Merchant, actually tried for it by Judge Jefferia, but the Fadt was never fairly proved upon them, and fince the Laws againil: it have been il well put in Execution in the Colonic;,-, as well as iniV gland^ that wicked Traffick is quite deikoyed. There ars fome 7be Tliftory of Barbados. fome Cautions necefiary to be obferved by fuch as would fend a Cargo of wafting or pcrilhablc Goods to Hathados, which grc, that they fhip their Bucter, Oil, Candles, Liquors, and Proviiions, as near as they can about ihc latter End of Sep- tmher^ and then the Ship on which they are loaden, may arrive about the Middle of Ncvember, the Length of the Voyage being commonly lix Weeks, if the Veffel fails di- re>itly thither. I have icnown a Ship, as particularly the Richard and Michael^ Caprain John IVUlmms Commander, bclont^ing to Mr. Richard JP'alier and Col. Michael Terrill^ to make the Voyage homewards in 22 Djys, the fliorteft Palliige that was ev r heard of from that liland to England^ vhich is gencrall) a fix or fcven Weeks Voysf^e homeward bound, and a five or (ix Weeks Voyage outward bound. The Packets generally make it in twenty lix or twenty eight Days. Care alfo Ihould be taken in the Choice of the Goods that are bought to be lent thither ^ for if the Fadtor or Mer- chant trufts to the Tradcfmen in London^ or other Places, he v^'ill often find his Merchandize come out very ill in the Country, where he fliould have a good Correfpondent to give him conftant Advice of the Demand of all Sorts of Commodities, fome of thole we have mentioned always go- in"' off better than others, according to their Scarcity, and the NecelTlty of the Planter. He muft be llirc to he mit:d- ful of their being well packed, efpecially millenary Ware, Claires, and all Goods that are ealily broken, or he will un- I load Rubbifli inftead of Merchandize, when he comes to I Barhdos. The Freight of Goods homeward before the late War was \^Qr6l. aTun, and fince it h;is been 12s. aHundred, which is as good as thirty Pounds a I'un j for many Hogfheads of [Sugar weigh 12 and 13 hundred Weight, of which four [make ^6 Hundred, almoft three Tun, of 20 Hundred to Ithe Tun j and I have fcen Barrels of 8 hundred Weight a jPicce, at which Weight there was 64 hundred Weight to the |?Tun j which at 12 ^. per Cent. Freight, from Barbados to Windon^ amounts to near 4.0/. a Tun Freight. Outward [bound ufed to be 20 s. and is now 4 or 5 /. a Tun. Thefe ere grievous Burdens to the Planters, which they have no [Way to prevent j but of this we malt treat more largely tifewhcre. Sugars in King Jameses Reign fold for 20 and 21 s a hundred; the coarfell of all for 17 and 18 f. and the fame Sorts fell now at 30 and 32 s. They fold in King JPilliuni'% teign for near 3 /. and Whites proportionably j which Rates |)eing ocGafioned by bad Crops, Storms, or Captures, the M 2 Plaptcri 163 ;l U .if: m I il ■r-fef; J ir m '■ H : y. I Hi'»;»: 164 7le I-J/'/Iory of Barbados. rinntcrs muft not cxpc(5l to fee again in their Accounts of bales, unk'fs tlic (iunc Accidents happen. Wc Ihall not enter into the Detail of the Pi ices of a'l the Copimoclitics that come from Barbados, and Hiould not huvc faid To much of this, but that it is the capital oiiCj and there is fomcthing in the Account that is hiltorical. The next I'rade to the Englljh in Barbados is the Afrkart which is managed chiefly by the Royal African Companfl Agents there, who arc at prefent Col. Butler, Mr. Bata and Mr. Steward^ Merchants at the Bridge ; but that Com- pany do not engrofs the Trade as they did formerly, to the great Lofs of the London Merchants, who paid them ^optr Cent, Advanqc Money on their Cargoes to Guinea^ for Li- berty to trade i and befides that, were obliged to let the Company buy their A'lerchandize, and charge them at their own Rates j which, with other Advantages, were as good to that Society as 60 per Cent, on all the Merchants Invoice? that dealt to Africa for Slaves. That IVade is now open and 10 per Cent, only paid by all Merchants, trading to Guinea for Negroes, to the Royal Company, towards main- tainmg their Forts and Caftles. The Commodities fent from England thither, are Guns Powder and Arms, Perpetuanocs, Tallow, iifc. as elfcv/herc mentioned ; fome 1 lats, and other wearing Apparel. The Price of a Negro in Guinea 30 Years ago was jc;, or -i l. and now the Barbarians under ftand their Advantage., II and our NecelTities fo well, that they hold up their Slaves at 9, 10, and 12/. a Head, which occaiions their Dearnefs at Pipe?, h', the Londo firll Colli Miliee w( a Pipe, bt 18 to 20, the Conir ciiliar Qua That VVini drinks pall' Barbados, iaoi\ u/'ual Tho' Ba Jamaica, a had never j make Silver running Ca/l 200000 /. S having paid Plenty is no\ of that Sum chiefly by the Proclamation to a certain V Traders to b 'or to Enzlam I which, on th the Plantations, where 20 Years ago they were fometimejB ■ ^JT^P^ fold at the fame Rates. ■""'^ '" ^'"f The Planters having been a long Time impofcd "pon byBp^^ ^J'' .^j the Company's Agents, and private Fadtors, in the Price ofl their Negroes, have lately fallen very much into this Tradq themfelvcs. They fend to England for what Cargoes the want for the Voyage, and difpatch away fmali VclTels, eitha alone, or in Partnerfliip to Guinea, to bring them Slaves tc| fupply their Plantations ; which muft every Year be recruita with 20 or 30 Negroes, for every 4 or 500 Acres, or theij Stock will foon come to nothing : For Hands are the LiM of all Bufincfs in Barbados, and it is the Want of them thjj keeps the Planters poor, when they fall into thofe unhapp Circuraftances. The other confiderablc Trade that remains to be treatq of, is that to Madeira for Wines, which is the chief Drifll of the Ifland that the Gentlemen make Ufe of, either by ia fclf, or mixed with Water ; Of thefe there arc about 3°°i ^" ■" ■" ■ '"■ ■'■ Pip' 'The Hijlory of Barbados. pipe?, Malmfey and Vidonin^ imported in a Year, cither by the London Merchants, or the Barbadians themfelves. The firltCoftat Madeira is from 20 to 25 Milrccs a Pipe, each Milree worth 6 s. % d. of our Money, that is from 7 to 9 /. a Fipc, be' s Charges ; and the Value at Barbados, from 18 to 20/. a Pipe, according to the Plenty or Scarcity of the Commodity. This is a noble Wine, and has one pe- culiar Quality, that it keeps the better for being kept iiot. That Wine which comer dirccftly from Madeira to En- gar, Cotton, Ginger, and the Produft of the Ifland ; Muf- povado Sugar being the general Mediuoi of Commerce there, i well as in the other Wands. The only Thing that remains to be treated of under this lead, is the Infurance, which Merchants and Planters make for cbe Security of their Trade, and this is fo extravagant in M 3 Timt 165 m\ r!;f' iNi 1 ■ >• '. v;,:i ' ^ m- ' i ■■•i . ir ';,f iv 111 '%r I l66 Tie Hijlory of Buihados. Time of War, that the Infiucrs will have -50 per Cent, out and home, vvlien before the War they would have been glaj with il'vcn or cic^hr. 'J'he Uncertainty of fuch Infurancw, molt of ihc liifnrcr^- hiving bc(;n '■uined by it, infomuch tlut of zooo/. in onr •\)li''V. I hav known' 1500 bad before the I.ofs h.ippcncii, niukes the Planters run their own Rik, and fomc of thcni have lof^ ten thoufand Pound in a Year too by the Venture, which leadj us to the next Article. C H A P. IX. Of the Riches of the Illiiul, in the Time of its Pi'ofpt'rity i the Advant;i^;c it h;is been to iiw^lcirj.' the Dihidvaiitagcs it lies under •, and how it may be relieved and improved. W HEN we examine the Riches that have been r.iifcd by the Produce of this little Spot of Ground, wc llull find that it has been as good as a Mine of Silver or Goidtol the Crown of England, by the vaft Number of iVTouilis| it feeds in this Ifland and that, the Fleet of Ships it ufod tol employ, the Numbers of Mariners it bred, and the Addi-I tion it has made to the National Stock, as well as the graj Eftatcs that particular Men have got by it ^ for (ro fay noi thing of Men worth loooco or 150000/. in the llhdJ how many Merchants have in a little Time acquired LandJ Honours, and Offices, by the Credit and Profit of this onca thriving Trade, which in the Reign of King Charles II. ukij to employ 400 Sail of Ships, of 150 Tuns each, i with another, in all (Joooo Tuns, which could not managed by le(s than 2000 Seamen, nor the Families thai fubiifted at Home, by building and fitting out fo many Ships[ contain lefs than 8 or 10000 Souls .' The Import fromtli Ifland ufed to come to 30000 Hoglhcads of Sugar, which half was for a Home, and half for a Foreign 0)i fumption; and by the 1 5-000 Hogflieads fpent at Homij no lefs than 1 0000 Souls more were maintained, and foii of them enriched. The neat Proceed of thefe Sugars miglj amount to about 250000 /. and that of the other Comn dities, as Ginger, Cotton, Molafles, &c. to 1 00000 /.morJ in all to 350000 /. half of which was returned m Manij h£t\itcs and Goods from hence j for they car, drink, T'hr Tliftory of Barbados. wcir all of the Produdl of England^ and by ihii Means 20000 Mouths more were provided for ; bclidcs as many that lubfillcd by working or retailing tht-fe Commodities. In all, by a modeft Computation, one may venture to affirm, that ihe Harhanos Trade did not fubfift lcl"> th;in 6oooo Pcrlbns in England \ and there being then 50000 in Bar- bndoi^ this lUand maintained icoooo Souls, nil Englijh or y.utopcansy a 60th Fart of the Inhabitants of the ili'ttifh Empire ; though calculating by the Number of Acre'?, it i.i not a thoufandth Part as bif% reckoning the three Kingdoms only. 13y the 15000 Hoglhcadsexporied to /vV/.V/w/, Z/^//;- bii'i^h^ and the Streights^ where confiderablc Quantities of daycd Sugar were I'ent to Alicant^ Genoa, LrglyA>t, nnd M./tA'j, the National Stock was cncreafcd 150000/. bcfides what was railed by it in the Exportation of Ginger, Fndii^o, {jft-. which all together was a yearly Advantage to the Nation of 200000 /. and this for 20 Years together makes four Mil- lionsj and allowing; but half that Sum for the laft 20 Years, two Millions, it will amount to fix Millions, which the Publick has encreafcd its Stock by this I'rade in 40 Years time: Befides that, iihrin^^sin 30 or 40000/. yearly to the E.xchcquer, by Curtoms and Impolh, and hasj drawn lirtle or nothing out of it for its Defence. On the contrary, 6 or 7000/. yearly has been remitted thence to thcTreufury here, for the 4 and a half per Cent. Duty ^ and what Charge the Inhabitants have been at for their Security, has all come out of their own Pockets, excepting fome few Gun";, and feme Ammunition, that ha>e been lent them very fparingly from England. This has occafioncd great Complaints in that Plantation, and frequent Petitions for Redrefs from their Agents here. In the late War they were obliged to go through all without the lealt Alfiftance, excepting in one or two Expcditior,; againfl: the French.^ which put them to more Charge than the Government received Benefit by it. In this War they have far'd better, which they owe to fhe prelent prudent Adminillration : For Care has been rak i: to have Supplies of Warlike Stores fent them. But they .trc ilill under an unfpeakable Want of Hands, which nor oniy occalions their negle': no: fear :t Surprize, and be able to employ their own Hands on th.eii Plantations. 167 I I- V " ;« n m •»'*.'■ *' '..'> M4. Scver.'.i I'll I'S J 68 ^'^ H/y?(?r; o/' Barbados. Several Regiments have been fent to the Leeward Iflands and Jamaica^ but it has not been the good Fortune of the Barbadians yet to have any fufficient Number of Men left ^mong them. On the contrary, they have drained their own Ifland, to defend the others. They fent down 1500 Men with Sir Timothy Thomhlll^ &c. againft Martinico, in King William's Reign, and 1 000 with Col. Codrington againft GuardaloupCy in her prelent Majefty's, of whom many hundreds never returned j yet there never were any Recruits fent in their Places. The War at home takes up all thofe fpare Men, that would othcrwifc tranfport thcmfelves, or be tranfported thither ^ and the Scots^ fmce their hard Ufage at Daricn^ will not furnifli our Colonies with Servants, as they ufed to do at reafonable Rates ; which aU together has reduced the Ifland to fuch a fmall Strength, that perhaps her greatefl Security is, that her Enemies do not know her Weaknefs. The Ad for the 4 and an half per Cent, fays in the Pream- ble of it, that it was given towards the raifing and maintain- ing the Forts, building a State-houfe, iffc. This Revenue brings in fome thoufands yearly ; and from the rime it was firft given, may have amounted to above 300000/. yet there was not a thoufand Pound laid out by th>'^ Government for the \JiQ of the Illand, in all King Charles, King James, or King lVillia7nh Reigns. Penfions were granted out of it ; and what the Barbadians wanted, they were forced to raife themfelves by other Taxes. Neither in all this Time have the Agents, though they have good Salaries for minding their Affairs, done them any confide- rable Service, in getting this Revenue, or part of it, ap- propriated to the Ufes 't was given for. Convoys, it is true, have been fent thither, and Ships have Iain there fome time for the Security of the Commerce j but they have not been able to hinder the French Privateers from furrounding the Ifland, and taking all Ships that come that Way, Home- ward or Outward-bound. Twelve Privateers have roved off the Ifland at a Time, and a Man of War lain all the while in the Harbour^ ihe Captain of which pretending want of Hands, has refufed to ftir our, though he has been defired to do it in very prefUng Terms. For when thofe Officers get there, and out of the hearing of the Admiralty- Board, they act fovereignly, and think their Power fhould be diredled by their Pieafure. The Lofs of their Barbados Ships in the Wars with Frana j has been a dreadful Blow to the Planters, Merchants, and |il that have any Concerns in tbac Ifland, They have fuf- I'he Hijlcry of Barbados. fered more than any other Trade whatfoever. Their Lofs by Captures, within the Compafs of one Year, of the laft War, being computed at 380000/. And in the Year 1704. out of a Fleet of 33 Ships, 27 were taken. Out of another of iix Ships, four were taken : And out of a Fleet of 40 Ships, the greateft Number were loft to the French. How to remedy this Evil is apparent enough, hut it does not become us to direct our Superiors, whofe Wifdoms may have thofe Reafons for adling otherwife, which we may noc be able to anfwer. Some light Frigats to cruize off the Ifland there, and (bmc others in the Chops of the Channels, would perhaps prevent the Lofs of fo many of our Weji-lndia Ships; and the. Trade is fo profitable, it would very well anfwer the Charge. Infurances are fo high, the Planters cannot afford to pay the Premio's. If they do, the Inlurance Money fometimes will not pay the firlt Coft. But fuppofing the Infurers iland, the Deductions of 1 8 and 20 /. per Cent, for no manner of reafon, the Expence of Meetings, Commiffion and other Charges, rife fo high, that if the Planter has one Hoglliead in two come fafe, without Infurance, he had bet- ter run the Risk. This is only prevented by the Security of our Trade. And that is a general Article, which would be too tedious to treat of here. The Barbados Trade has nothing particular in this from the others, but that it has been more unfortunate. Another main Difadvantage which they lie under, is the Difcouragc- ment that is given to their claying and refining their Sugars^ by the heavy Duty that is laid on all Firft and Seconds, no kfs than 12 j. a Hundred. By which Means they are forced to fend home their Sugars unpurgcd, to their very great Damage j for they could refine their Sugars more eafily, and at a cheaper Rate than the Sugar Bakers in England. The low Prices of that Commodity in this War Time, have been another Calamity to the Barbadians. During the laft War they had terrible Lofifes, but then their Sugars fold well, from 50 j. to 3 /. a Hundred ; but now they fell for 30 or 32 s. a Hundred: And this is occafioned chiefly by the very Thing that one would think (hould keep up the Price, by the Number of the Ships taken by the French. For, as we have faid, half of the Sugars imported from Barbados is for a foreign Market ; and when they were in demand Abroad, they were always fo at Home : Whereas now the French fell them cheaper than the Engl'tjh.^ and glut the foreign Markets, by the Qiianuties they moax of the Product of our Plantations. The 169 1 ^:,«S:^«'ail I' ^ ^ ■■/'; >,t,i :••«" , ■'•••I _ '1 rat.. i '? >' ■i:lJI r' .V .1 >.|; jijH) ii '''\i il'.i ''H 1 My >M)j ■iSH I'fS. H"^n' i!!"' 170 T'^^ Hiftory of Barbados. The Price of Sugars has late'y been very much afFected, by the Dutch bringing Ibmc thoufands of CheHs from the Fall- Indies, They can afford to do this in Time of War, when the Commodicy bears an anfwerable Price: But in peaceable Times it will not turn to Account. In the mean while, the Barbadians infA the Damage of it to their Trade- and the only Way to prevent it, is, by lelfening the Duty upon white Sugars, that they may be able to under-fell them Abroad ; for all Nations have a Right to plant what they plcaic in their own Soils, and lell the Produdt of it where they can find a Marker, and the cheapeft will always have the Preference. The exceffive Freights, 20 and 25/. a Tun, is another vafl Difadvantage to the Barbadians ; and the only Way to remedy it, is to take fuch Care here of fending them Con- voys and Fleets, and furnifliing their Ships with Seamen, that Owners may be encouraged to let iheir Ships out for that Voyage j and if they had Ships enough, Freight would icturn to its old Rate. The Exchange of Money which has been 50, 60, and 70 /. /'tr C. nt. is a great Balk to the Trade j and the proteft- ing the Planters Bills in England^ of the fame ill Confe- quence to boih the Planter and the Merchant. The Planter draws upon his Bill of Lading, and if his Sugar is lolt, his Bill comes back, where he is immediately run up 20 ftr Cent, for Intcrelt and Charges ; and often brings a Debt on himfdf, and his Plantation, which he can never clear. The want of Provilions is alfo a great Inconvenience to the Inhabitants of this Kland. Fifty or fray Sail of Ships formerly went every Year from England and Ireland^ loaden with Bear, Ale, Bread, Flower, Butter, Cheefe, Beef and Fifh, and now half that Number is not fent thither yearly, with thofe Cargoes j neither can they get fufficient Supplies from the Colonics on the Continent, for want of Hands to man Ships for that Trade. The A6t of Navigation prohibiting Foreigners to trade with them, was another fcvere Difcouragement ; and tho' fome of thefe were temporary, yet others will be lafting, unlefs it fliall pleafe the great Council of the Nation to look into thi Hardfiiips they futfer, and take care to procure them Redrefs , in which her Msjcfty, though flie is always ready ••to relieve her Subje(5ts, cannot give them Eafc in fome Cafes, without an Ad of I^arliamenr. And when we confider the vaft Charge they are at, that a Man muft be in Disburfc there 2 or 3000 /. before he can make 100 Found Weight of Sugar, which is not worth 1; above ffected, om the )f War, But in \e mean • Trade ; tie Duty fell them hat they it where have the ? another Way to em Con- SeamcDj ; out for yht would , 60, and le proteft- ill Confe- 'he Planter is lolt, his [Up 20 per rs a Debt r clear, enience to of Ships lul, loadcn Beef and ;her yearly, nc Supplies Hands to l-s to trade ^ and tho' 1 be lafting, [ion to look Dcure them [ways ready Ifome Cafes, ire at, that before he not worth above The Blfiory of St. Lucia. above 12 or 141. in Time of Peace ; and muft have a living Stock of 5000/. to make 100 Hogllicads of Sugary one cannot but believe ir is reart>nable they lliould be encouraged as much as the State oi" Affairs at home will pcrnat. 171 ifl St. LUCIA. THIS inand may, as it is faid, be fcen from Barhados^ from whence ic is diftant 24. Leagues, only 7 Leagues from MartinkOy and the like from St. Fiucent's. It lies in 13" 40 Minutes of North Latitude, is 22 Miles long and II broad,' hilly in many Places, but the ^^reatefl Part of it good Land, well watered with Rivers, Vvhich give it an Ad- vantage of the Ifland of Barbados. The Air is reckoned healthy, and the Reafon given for it is, its being fo narrow and the Hills not fo liigh, as to intercept the Trade Winds that always fan it from the Eaftv/avd, whereby the Heat of the Climate, fays Capt. Fringe Is t)iitigaird and made rather agreeable than trouble fom, 'Tis full of tall Trees, among which are great Quantities of good Tin.ber fit for building Houfes and Wind-mills, as the Planters of Barbados and Martinico find by daily Experience. Cocoa is here in Plenty, and P^uftick in Abundance. It has feveral good Bays and b^ar- boLirs, where there is good Anchorage for Shipping ; One of which called the Litik Careenage.^ \h the Place at which tb.c Engt'Jb lately deligned to fortify themfelves, if, being thcfaiefl and moft convenient H ■. '^our in all the Charlbbee Ijhr.ds^ taking its Name from the Convenience of careening Ships there. Great Numbers of Ships may be fafc there in all Weathers. So much may be faid of the Benefit that might accrue to the 'Bi'iiiih Trade l^y the Pollcirion of this liland peaceable and uncontefled, that ic does raife much Speculation in the xVJinds of Evghjlj Readers, acquainted with that Trade in and a- niong the Charibba 'Hands, how ic comes to pafs, tliat this, which has been fo often ailerted to be the undoubted RigUc of the Brit:Jh Crown, fhould remain unpoffefied by Brit.nsy v/hcn it is included in every CommiiT.on of the Governor for the Kland of Barbnds. And the faid Governor was wont to ailert che Lme, Ihpietimes by going thither in Perfon with great Pomp and Ceremony, hoiiling the King's Colours, firing Guns, ^c. and otherwilc. And how that Right is, iounticd ■ l . ' ,^ *' «•■ . ■ 'i' \ . i' ■ ■'■■';■ i ■ •; v-^ m f k./y: ': 0^>iik?' '•' •■''.' ■ m-' > r W i ■ , »'■'' v. i, ■ 172 T'/je Hifiory of St\ Lucia. The i^'V^f e/founded will appear by the following State of it,' in a Mem-. Iwr!'"^^'^^' r/tf/ drawn up in England ior the Ufe of the Britijh Ambadk- dor in Franc f^ after his late Majef^y's Grant of it to the Duke of Montagu^ in the follov ing Words. ' It is agreed by French as Wcjl as EngUfo Hillorians of the bcft Credit, that the Englijh fettled on the Ifland of St. Lucia in 1639, and lived there near two Years without any Interruption or I^irturbance; but that in 1^40, they were driven off from the faid Illand, and the Governor and mod of the Inhabitants killed by the Charibbeans^ and as the Englijh fufpe£ted, by the fnftigation and En- couragen:ient of the French^ which the French Generals Parquet an3 de Poincy, however, both difowned; nor did the French at that Time or any other Time make any Sort of Pretenfion to the Ifiand. A tacit AcknavuUdgmcnt of tht Right of the Englifli. ' The civil Wars in England breaking out, the EngliJIj ne- gleded this Settlement, and Monf. du Parquet fen: 30 or 40 Frenchmen to take Pofledion of the Ifland. The Sieur deRouJJelan governed here till i<)54, and was fucceeded by de la Riviere, whom the Charibbeans killed ^with fe- veral of his Men, and carried off his Wife and two of his Children. He was fucceeded by M. le Briton^ he by M. Aygremont, who was alfo deftroyed by the Charibbcam. ' After this the Englijh made a Treaty with the Charibbe- ans for the purchafing the Ifland from them, and in i66t,^ fent 1400 or 1500 Men on Board five Men of War, who being joined by ^00 of the Charibbeans in 17 Canoes, came before the Ifland in June 16^4, which was delivered to them without Refiftance, on Condition, that the French Governor and Ga: rifon in the Fort, which amounted only to 14 Men, Ihould be tranfported to Martinique with their Cannon, Arms and Baggage. * In 1666^ the Englijh Governor Mr. Robert Cook, by Reafon of the Mortality of his People, Want of Necefla- ries, ^c. abandoned the Ifland and fet Fire to the Fortj yet two Days afterwards a Bark arrived from the Lord IVilloughby (Governor and Captain Gfneral of Barbadus and the other Englijh Charibbee iflands to Windward of Guardaloupe) vvith Provifions, Ammunition and all Necef- faries for the Colony.' The foregoing are Matters of Fa<5t received by Hiftorians, particularly by Father Tertre^ who is very exadl and circum- rtantial ; and as he was a Milfionary to the French Charihbu Iflands and a Frenchman, not to be fufpc.Ut I Settle wIk }-;i(hvarr lcn<.! jll the Illand Drati^ljt for /;-^ (heM^rclchal dt aCo'Oiiy ro|x)ll vernor of Barh, Otlicer of the ^ idifpoOcfs them prance reprcfcnri fon, as a Violatic I thar Orders were evacuate the Ifl; Years after, his I of 'i^. Lucia anu by Letters Patci "Grace appoji I dcr 0^ the We/i-l of St. Lucia and ^ Lieutenant Govei and others, to- fu; [raent of the Aflfui| The V paratio I ;r, j their Sertieme I following Accoun c/ 'i; \ ■;^ ■, / "I • ./ 'ipS. Elizabeth \t'mrlc^^nd Freentt Griffin SJoof Little George Adventure Hopewell Tocal — {Aboard which wer Provilions and Sroi 5') Pieces of 1 163 A'luf]-:ets \ 500 CutlaOies, ^75 T'/je Hi/lory of Sf. Lucia. Ycir*^ ago, wlioic Habitatioi.5 were upon SanJy Bay to the fjitwartl oiCatati'ti^ Harbour. Englifti and Fremh had for- inerly ar the fame Time tJabications on the North Kaji and l-M^h EaJ} CoalKs of the lliand, but rhjt mixed 1 oflcinon \vasnot ol long Duration, for in lefs than 20 Years, J found all the illand along Sanely hay marked in Capr. firing's DrJiil^ht for French Habitations ; and about the Year 1 7 19. iheM^rcfchal cie l-/h;:e^ by a Grant of the French King, fent iColoiiy to poO'efs, fettle and plant the Country. The Go- vernor of Barhddos immcdiarely noticed to the commanding Otiicer of the Marefchal's Colony, he fliculd be obliged to difpoircfs them by Force ^ but the Britijb Ambaflador in franci reprcfcnred the Matier with fo much Spirit and Rea- * fon as a Violation of the Ria;hts of his Britannick Majefty, that Orders were fcnt to the Marefthal de EJireeh Colony to evacuate the Ifland, ^' h they did accordingly ; and three Years after, his VI '^-^^ Gccrj^c I. granted the Illands 7'>j. ///j/-' of St. Lucia and to John Duke of Montagu/^];^*'/;^^,'/^^ by Letters Patent Jate the 20th of June 1 722. Monugu. His Grace appointed c.apt, Nathaniel f^rir/gy late Comman- der of the JVeji-hidia Packet Boat, to be Deputy-Governor I of St. Lucia and St. Vincent ; Capt. John Braithwaite to be Lieutenant Governor, Mr. IFiilijm Falkener to be Secretary, and oiiiers, to fupply the Offices requifite for the Manage- Uenc of the Affairs of his well intended Colony. The Fr :parations made for tranfporting them to St. Lucioy I ;nJ their Settlement when they arrived, will appear by the [foiiott'ing Account, Shipi. Tons, Guns. Officers. Servahts. Elizabeth 150 4 3 \Vmrh^nd Freemafon 200 lO . 13 Grrffin Sloop 90 I A 3 Little George 1 00 4 8 Adventure 200 12 XJ Hopnvell 250 6 II Tocal 520 48 51 lAboard which were fliipped great Quantities of all Sorts of Proviiions and Stores. 5^) Pieces of Cannon. 1163 Mufl^-ets and Bayonets, 500 Cutlafhesc 1000 Grenado tn ' ^m '•»ui> !!•■• ';i. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ii I.I 1.25 ■30 "'^^ M^^B iM Ii2.0 1.4 1.6 y /; Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREiT WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO (716) 873-4S03 .-.L.^LaS^ jy6 ^e Wijiory of St. Luck* looo Grenado Shells fixed with Fuzecs* 4 Brafs Cohorn Mortars. lOo Barrels of Musket Ball. ao Barrels of Bird and Drop Shot. 100 Barrels of Gunpowder. 200 Barrels of all Sorts of Nails. A great Quantity of Tools for Carpenters, Bricklayer: I Smiths and Mafons. 20 Tons of Bar Iron. xo Tons of Cordage. All Sorts of working Tools, Houfliold FurniturCj wear. I ing Apparel, andibFine^ of every Thing fitting for the j fecure and commodious Being of a new Settlement. Aboard the Leopard, Capt. Samuel Foye, loaden at Bo/ion in| New-England, for St. Lucia. 30 Houfe Frames, one \dX^^Hcufe Frame (or the Govemrl 50000 Feet of Board, 9500c Shingles, 40 live Sheep, and! a breeding Sows. The tVinchelfea Man of War, Captain! Humphry Orme Commander, was ordered to convoy and! attend this Colony, which flopped in Ireland to take in morel Stores of Provifions, at Madeira for Wine, and at BarbaM for additional Supplies of Stores. The Adventure and thej Hopewell not being ready to fail with the Convoy and thel other Ships from Ireland, followed them to St. Lucia^ batf came too late to be of Service to the Colony, the beft pro vided with Neceflaries that ever any was that went fron Europe to America, to poflefs and fettle a Coiintry. The Wincheifea Man of War, the Elizabeth, GriJinSloo^ and the Little George, Tranfports, arrived at St. Lucia t\A ijth o( December, 1722, after a long Paffage from /r;/W| They anchored in Pilgrim Ifland Bay, and Captain On feeing there were Men on the Illand, fent his Boat to kno« who they were, and underftood they were French^ came from Martinico in a fmall Canoe, to catch GuamtA their coming in a fmall Canoe a Plea faring, fhews thjj St. Lucia is fo near Martinico, that the French will nevei admit of any Settlement there while they have Power tij prevent or deftroy it, unlefs the Right to it is fpecified an recognized. Some Perfon at Barbados advifed Mr. Vm to fettle at Pilgrim Ifland, but Captain Orme himfclf the Engineer having furveyed it, found the Land a banej fandy Soil, and the River not fafe for Ships j the Winds IVeJt, therefore they failed to Petite Careenage, about thrd Leagues farther to the Southward. This is a good Har^ou^ and in it are feveral Places fie for Careening, Ships flielren froiQ all Wiadsj and froo) this Convenience of Cartcrnini I '. " "■■ * to ne Hipry of St.Lxxch, takes its Name. Mr. Vring landed 50 Men on a Point which commanded the Entrance into the Harbour, and fet tbem at work to cut down the Trees and Buflies to make Vi^ay for raiHng a Battery at that Place which was called MtntagU'Point ; but there was a Hill (o near it as within Mufquet Shot, which they alfo intended to fbrrifie. Mr. Vring difpatched Mr. Falkner, Secretary to the Colony, to ^artinicOf with the Duke of Montagues and that of the Admiralty's and his own Letters to Captain Brawny Com- mander of his Majefty's Ship the Fever/ham^ and Captain Brand of the He6iory both of them in that Harbour, the Contents of which were to give the Colony of St. Lucia allneceflary Afliftance. Captain Broivn*s Letter to Mr. Fring, ihews. the defperate Situation of their infint Colony's Affairs. Sir, Fever/ham.j Port-Royal, Martinia^ Dec. 18. 1722. » I congratulate you on your fafe Arrival here Abroad, I' and am fbrry the Settlement of St. Lucia is like to meet I' with many Difficulties j for you may depend on it, that r laft Sunday an Order was publifhed in all the Churches of r Martinico from the Court of France , that after Notice Y given, if you do not remove in 1 5 Days, that then they I* are to compel you fo to do. Captain Brand is much your f humble Servant. We (hall wait on you on Thurfday next, ' and am, Sir, fo Nat. Vringy Efq; Governor of St. Lucia and St. Vincent. Your humble Servant, Charles Brown. Mr. Vring wrote to Captain Brown of the Feverjhaniy aptain Brand of the HeSlor, Captain Orme of the fVin- mjia, to give them formal Notice of the Danger he and I Colony were in, and deiired Afliflance purfuant to their Indrudions from the Admiralty ^ but he received Anfwer }nly from Captain Brown, in which he explains the Con- ents of Mr. Vring's to him and the other Captains. Sir, Feverjham, at St. Lucia, Dec. 23. 1722. ' This owns the Receipt of yours dated the 22d of Decern- Utr, with the ihclofed Letters and Declarations from Monfieur Fwquifrt, I have only ta anfwer, that I ihall al- VoL, II. N - *ways 177 „f,. ' -'^ r «■ . ■ a ;;,!, i'^i ■ <•'>," 1 '' ' i'V 1 r 178 7*/^^ Hi/lory of St. Luci^. * ways be ftridly carefur in the Execution of my Duty in * every Thing that relates to his Majefty'^ Service, and Mr. yring had fent him the Copy of the French King's j Order, which had been read in the Churches at Martinko^ , iVhich the Governor Mon(ieur Fouquiere had fent himJ with a Notification of his Intention tooh^jy it. unlefs he removed in 15 Days. Mr. Vring in his Anfwer to the Governor of Martinico, propofed to refer the Matter to the Determination of their Matters in Europe, but the Freneh Governor kept to the Letter of his Mandate, and it is very plain that Captain Brown and the other Comman-I ders of the Men of War, did not think the general Order inl the Grant of St. Lucia to all the Governors and Com-J manders to be aflifting to the Colony that (hould be fent to St. Lucia^ or the like Inllruflions from the Admiralty, werej , fofficient to juftifie their ading ofFenfively againft the French, which muft have ended in a War between Gm{ Britain and France, the occafion of which they would no take on themfelves, neither would the Governor of Barbaioi or any other Governor of the Britijh Colonies in Amerk\ take thefe general Orde.s and Inftrudions to be a fufficieo Warrant for them to begin Hoftilities againft the Frenfh^ fbl obeying their King's Mandate. After what. had happened to thj ' vlarefchal d£ E/irees*s Colony, it feems to have been requifiti to have known how the French would a<5t in the like Cafe diJ the Englijh attempt a Settlement at St. Lucia, and ho^ far the Englijh would be fupported by a national Power 1 fore they attempted a Thing which the Marefchal de Ejlr\ and his Colony had been obliged to abandon ; for it mod certain the French did pretend as well to St. Lucia 1 the jEngliJtj, and had adually at that very time Habitati on fome part of the Ifland, though no rf^^'lar Settlen But if the Englijh had the firft Habita. ^ fuch feiz gives them a prior Right, which is wei. worth defendin when the Jun CounfeUoB. N. B. This Mr. Braithwaite was afterwards employed ia the African Company's Service in Guinea^ where he acquired fomcEftate, and afterwards removed to Carolina^ and is the famePeribn who behaved fo gallantly in an Engagement with the Spaniards at Sea, and was barbarouHy murdered by them after Surrender. We muft now return to the Memorial before cited, where Mention is made of the Evacuation of this Place as follows. < The French at this Time oppofed the Englijh Settlement, < but by Article VII. of the Treaty concluded on the Part of the Englijh by Mr. Braithwaite, empowered by Mr. Fringe < the Duke of Montagu's Deputy Governor, and on the Part j ' of the French by Monf. de Champigny^ for the Evacuation Y q{ St. Lucia^ Jan. 8th, O. S. 1722-3, it is agreed, that immediately after the Evacuation of the faid Colony of Monl! the Duke of Montagu^ theSieur Marquis de Cham- V pigny obliges himfelf alfo to make an Evacuation of the y French Forces, and leave the Ifland of St. Lucia in its y former State and Condition, till there fliall be a Decifion of ritby the two Crowns. To the Rights and Pretenfions of ^ which the faid Sieurs de Champigny and Braithwaite dechre^ ' they have neither Inclination or Power to bring any Pre- judice to theprefent Treaty.' The Treaty between Mr. Fring the Duke of Montagu's jovemor, and Monf. Champigny, can be no Way derogatory I the Britijh Title, it being exprefly ftipulated therein to the [itrary, and his Excellency Henry PForfeley, Efqj has fince [hen been conftituted and appointed by his prefent Britannick lajefty King George II. Governor and Commander in chief ^f this Ifland of St. Lucia^ by Commiffion and the following }rudions. GE R G E K, TRUSTY and well beloved we greet you wiell. Whereas the French for fome Years have claimed a I Right to the Ifland of St. Lucia^ and do infift that the Right to the Iflands of St. Vincent and Dominico under your Government is in the Charibbeam now inhabiting the fame, alcho* we have an undoubted Right to all the faid / N } fiflandsi 181^ :: tr •'%^ m. ■' ■ ■■%M m • ! • I! f I 18^ 71^^ Hiftory of St. Lucia. Iflands J yc: we have thought fit to agree with the Frtmh Court, that untill our Right fliall be determined, the faid Iflands fliall be entirely evacuated by both Nations. It jg therefore our Will ana Pleafure, and you arc accordingly to fignify the fame to fuch of our Subje(^s as iliall be found inhabiting any of our faid Iflands, that they cfd forthwith quit the fame, untill the Right (hall be determined as afore* faid. And that they do comply with this our Cirder within thirty Days from the Publication thereof, ip each of the faid Iflands refpe(StiveIy, under Pain of our higheft Difplea. fure, and you are to ufe your befl; £ndcavours, that no Ships of our Subjects, or of any other Nation, do frequent the faid Iflands during the Time aforefaid, except, only for Wood and Water. But it is our Will and Pleafure, that you do not execute this our Order untill the French Go- vernor of Martmico fliall have received the. like Diredlioos from the French Court, and fliall jointly with you, put the fame in Execution without any Exception. And you are hereby farther ordered to tranfmit to us by the firft Op* portunity, a full Account of your Proceedings, as like- wife of thofe of the French in this Behalf; taking care by all Opportunities to inform yourfelf, whether our Subje6l;s and thofe of the French King do pundually comply with the true Intent and Meaning of this Agreement, until fuch Time as the Right to the faid Iflands mall beahrolute* ly determined as' aforefaid. And for fo doing, this (liall be your Warrapt. And fo we bid you farewell. Given at our Court at St. Jamei\ the 30th Da^ pf November 1730. in the fourth Year of our Reign.' .., ,, Py his Majefty*s CoCimand,. . ■ '■^^'■^ .■■ ,.i' ,' , IfffWisNewffiftlt, The French King's Letter to the Governor of Mm'maA - , , . . : .; , - December 26, 1730. i^^M^^.u t. J Monfieur le Marquis de Champigni, les Anglois mt dt^A queiques Annes forme des pretenftons fur rjjle ^ St, JliuWt j , ■\ I .. * * Monfieur de Champignh The Eniltjh> haye for feme * Years paft laid Precenfions to the Ifland of St. Lucia^ which ' belongs to cne, and to which I have an inconteftable Right. ' The fame Pretenfions they have laid to the Iflands of St ' Vincent, aiid paminico^ which belong to the CaribbtamA i. : '" ' ' \ ^l' ' " . ^ Native? He Hiflory (f St, Vincent'^. < jJadveSjOf the Country according to the Treaty of the 3 ift < of Mar^i ^^^o> and in the PoirelTion of which, it i.s my » Intention loiufport them. I have nevcrthelefs agreed with « jhe Court of Jingland, that until thofc Pretcn lions rtiall be < determined, the faid Idands Hiall be evacuated by both Na- < tions, and this h to acquaint you, that it is my Plcafure, that ( you make it known, ^c* 183 u I 'ii'.'-if' \\V.- .*'■ u St. VincentV. THIS Ifland being in the fame Grant with that c<>f St. Lucia\ to his Grace the Duke of Montagu, was al fo in- cluded in the Commiflion of Mr. Vring as Governor of both lilancis; and about 10 Days after his Arrival at St. Lucia, heap'< poihted Mr. Robert Egerton to go to St. Vincent^ i as Ambaffa- I dor, ai Mr. Egerton phrafes it^ to the Indians and Negroes at Sc, yificent\ in Order to prepare them for fubmitting to the I Government of Great- Britain. The Indians are the Aborigines, the Hrll Inhabitants of jtbis IHand ^ the Negroes are the Deicendants of a Ship load- ing of Slaves from Africa, who were thrown or ran them- ielvcsafliore here do or 70 Years ^o, and by the Addition of other Negroes, either Fugitives from European Plantations, or coming voluntarily or involuntarily to this Ifland in the ICourfe of fo many Years, are by Births and otherwife, be- Icome a numerous People, and were fome Thoulands of Men, IWomen and Children, when Mr, Vring fcnt his Agent to Iperfuade them to fubmit themfelves and their Country to the Unilijh Proprietor. The fame Submiflion he was to nego- Itiatewith the Indians who live in Coalition with the Negroes^ lunder Chiefs of their own choofing : The Indians having Iparticular Chieflj and the Negroes the fame with other prin- ipal Indians and Negroes to manage their Affairs under them. Their Government is Republican. They have a jull No- Itionof Liberty, have enjoyed the Sweets of it many Years, lire very jealous of lofing it, and unanimous and refolute in Its Defence, arc befides very powerful in their Numbers, y\it Indians bem|; computed to be near 8000, and the Negroes I or (Sooo when Mr. Egerton fet out on his Embafly. The Tenour of which muft be, whatever Terms were made Ufe pf to exprefs it, that they fliould receive the Englijb among bed)) permit them to taxe their Lands, plant and fetde upon N 4. them, ■n^in, \4 Ir f 184 "fhe Hiflory of St. Vincent'^. them, to build Forts and to introduce Soldiers and armed Men, to give them new Laws, and enforce their Obedience to them. The Indians and Ntgrots were very fenfiblc of all this, and it had been aggravated to them by the French per. pctually coming thither from Martinico and their other Jflands, feme of which are nearer to St. Ftnctni's than the £«. glijh Charibtees. The French who had been among them, idd them that the Englijh were fettling at St. Lucia^ and intended to do the like in their Ifland, after which they would fell them or ufe them as Slaves : Tho' the Indians and Negroes might not give entire Credit to their malicious Suggeftions, yet they vere by no Means difpofed to receive the Englijh as their Mafters and Proprietors of their Lands. Their Country was far from being uninhabited, tho* perhaps not a tenth Part of | it was planted by either Indians or Negroes j however they did not undcrftand that their having not as yet cultivated thcfe l Parts of their Land, deprived them of their Property in it, and Mr. Egerton was to promife Protection and Deni2ationto| all that fubmitted to them. If Egerton or any Other Agent, be- fore him, had purchafed the Propriety of the Land of thc/«. dians the firft Owners, and the Negroes long Pofleflhrs ofl the fame, there doubtlefs had been no Difficulty in admitting I them to take Pofleffion of them, and planting and fortifying them as they thought fit; but neither Indians nor Negm\ could underftand how their Right could be aiferted by a Grant oi a Sovereignty to which they did not know, or ac-l knowledge themfelves to be fubjed. This being the naturalj State of Sie Cafe, Mr. Egerton fucceeded in his EmbaiTy ac> cordingly. The Beginning of his Report marks the Diftance of this Ifland from St. Lucia^ December 26. * Laft Night wel * ftretched over to St. yincent\ fteering South South Eaji * and South by Ea//, Between one and two in the Morning] * we were up with the Land St. Fincent, and when Day, m * a Bay to the Northward, we faw feveral Huts afliore in-l ' habited by Indians, and three of them in a Canoe paddlir * off to us, we hoirted out our Boat. Mr. Medley, wh3 ' came with me to affiil rae in my Embaily went in her, an(| ' brought the three Indians aboard the Griffin Sloop. * One of the Indians fpoke very good French, a Sign ni * their being much frequented by, and Jamiliarifed with thai * Nation. Medley informed them that the Englifh were fetj * tied in the Ifland of St. Lucia, and that if they would comj * under and fubmit to their Government, they Tic iM be pro 'reded and deemed and dealt with as EngUf,.':^ n. The *• feemed to like it, and informed him that the French ha < bee Hoe Hijlory of St. Vincent* j. 185 ( tjeenwith them, and as we underftood it prepoflefled them < with a Notion that the Engli/h were their Enemies, and < firould make them Slaves/ Theconnrarvqf which Egtrton ind Medley endeavoured to inftill into him and his Country {Dcn : The Indians told them, that one of their great Men lived in that Bay, and Mr. Medley going with him alhore, brought the great Man aboard, entertained him plentifully, and Mr. Egtrton made him and near 20 Indians thit attended bjo agreeable Prefents. The Difcourfe was to the fiinie Purpole IS before, but not much rellHied by the great Mm ; the y^mj inhabited the Shore to the North Eajiy their Hutti near the Water-Gde, but Egerton and MtiUy had no Oppor- Qiflity to rpeak with them. To the Eaftward of this Ifland they found a pleafant Profped, a large Quantity of good Land, tho' hilly, and a great deal of it planted, and the reft lit to plant from the ^outh Weft to the North Eaft, In fome Places along Shore are Heads of Rocks not very high, but there Teemed to be good landing in feveral Parts, with plea- jaot Defcents to the Water-tide in fine green Patches. Much upper Land tit for Plantation lay unmanured. Mr. livrun and Mr. Medley went afhore to the Indian Dwellings, but finding they were all drunk and in an ill Humour, they got from them as foon as they couU. Notwithftanding their Sbynels and Avertion to any Treaty of Submitiion to the Inilijh^ Capt. Vring being forced to quit St. Lucia^ pro- pofed to his Council the removing to St. Vincent^ and en- deavour to bring the Inhabitants to accept the Duke of Montagu for their Proprietor and Governor, which could they have done, would doubtlefs have been for the publick Intereft of Great-Britain, as well as the particular Intereft of his Grace ^ but I do not fee there was the leaft Shadow of Encouragement, from the Difpotition and Situation of the Indians and Negroes for the Colony of St. Lucia, to make any Attempt towards a Settlement at St. Vincent^ For be- fides the fame Objedlions that were made to the Settlement at St. Lucia, were good againft St. Fincetsi'i: ; a much ftronger I one offered to the Contideration of the Englijh, and that was the liland's being already poflefTed, planted and peopled, and having a great Number of bold daring Inhabitants fuHicient to defend it, without the Affiftance of the French, which how- ever they were fure of. The Council rejected Capt. Vring*s I Propofal, but agreed that Mr. Braithwaite, Lieutenant Go- vernor of St. Lucia, ihould go in the Griffin Sloop to St. Vincenfs, accompanied with fuch Perfons of the Colony as I he thought fit, and make another foietnn and certain Trial of the Temper of the Indians^ Negroes and Mulattots, to come under t-i-v *^ S^% U ,» •if '-ill 'it-;-' '-.Ai I*! J: ■■'hi 'I mi :-rV:^- ivk hi ;1^ f 1 86 *nv Hi/lory of St. VincentV. under the Govemmflnl of ihe Englijh^ and Ctpt. A>in^, with the rcU of the St. Lutia Colony, would wait at Anngo hi^ Mr. Braithwaitii Return. At Antegt Capt. Vring received ficih Orders from England^ brought by the Jdvtmurt^ to re. tire with the Colony from thence and go to St. yirKtnt- but as the State of that Illand was not fo well known in Europe as the Leeward Iflands, Col. Hart^ General of thefe Illands, ana Col. Matthnus, Governor of AnttgOy gave their Opinion that Mr. Fring would do ill ih following thefe new Orders, add ofiercd to give it under their Hands ^ fo he re- folved to wait for the Return of Mr. Braithvoaitt^ whofe Report of his Negotiation will give the bed Light in this Matter. The Indians at firft treated him roughly enoughj but being foftened by fomc Prefents of Rum and other Things of fmall Value, he went a Iccond Time afliorc, ind was introduced to the General of the Indians. I will now ufc his own Words. * Two principal Men of the Indiant * came to me from him, and thanked me for my Prefentj, * and asked Pardon for my former Treatment, fuppofed to he * t9 pleafe a Frenchman^ who was then with the Indian Ge- * neral : The two Indians had Orders to tell me, that if I * pleafed to go afliorc, they were to remain Hoftages for my ' civil (Jfage^ I fentthemon Boardthe/^mr^/^/i, and with ' Csipt. fFaifon went myfelf afliore, and was well received: ' I found the Brother of the General of the Negroes with ' the Indian General. The Negro had with him 500 Blacks * well armed with Fuzees^ he told my Interpreter, They wert ' informed we came to force a Settlement, or theyfl}ould not havt * been fo uncivil to us at our fir/l landing, as to deny us Wood * and Water, which they had never before denied any Englilli, * and we might now take what we wanted. With fome Diffi- * culty I prevailed with the Indian and Negro Generals to go I * aboard the Ifinchlefea, Capt. Orme Cotnmander, leaving j * Capt. Watfon a Hoftage. Capt. Orme entertained them \ *- very handfomly, and prefented the Indian General with a ' fine Fuzee of his own, and the General of the Negroes with] * fomething that was as agreeable td him. The Captain >{<• * fured them of tlie Friendlliip of thtYarigoi England^ ^t\\ * The y^r^rt? General fpoke excellent French, and gave Ad» ' fwers with the French Compliments. I afterwards carried ^ thenti on Board the Duke's Sloop, and having opened their I ' Hearts with Wine, for they (corned to drink Rum^ If * thou^t it a good Time to tell them my Commiffion, and ^ what brought me upon that Coaft. They tdd me it was ** well I had not mentioned it alhore, for their Power couldJ I not haveprote^ed me. That the Thing was impoflibie, the The Wflory of St. VinccntV. the Dutch had before attempted it, biic were glad to re- tire. They likcwife told me two Frtnch Sloops had the Pay before \vc came been amoncft them, gave them Arms and Amriiunition, and aflured them of the whole Force of Martinico for their Protection againft us. They told them alfo, they had driven us from St. Luciay and that now we were come to endeavour to force a Settlement there; and notwithftanding all our fpecious Pretcnfioijs when wc had Power we Hiould cnllave them, but declared, jhcy would truft no Europeans : That they owned thcm- felves under the Protedtion of the French^ but would as foon oppofe their fettling aniong them, or any A61 of Force from them as us, as they had lately given an Inltanco by killing feveral. And they farther told me, it was by very large Prefents the French ever got in their Favour again. This being all I could get from them, I difmiffed them with llich Prefents as were ordered for that Service, and a Dis- charge of Cannon, and received in Return as regular, Volleys of fmall Shot as I ever heard.' Thus ended the unfortunate Expedition for poHeding and fettling the Iflands of St. Lucia and St. Vincent : The Pre- pirations and Provilions for it at Home were great and well contrived. Mr. Vring*s Profecution of it at St. Lucia dili- iflit and wary j the Men of War attending it fufficient to ve prevented the landing of Frtnch Troops in Sloops, and fo gradually. The Governors of Barbados and the Leeward nds were well enough difpofed to give the Cobny at St. Mia their uimoft Affiftance, but the Inilrudions both of [he Governors and the Commanders of the Men of War, med to be in Terms too eeneral to admit of an ofFenfive ^ar, or indeed to run the Hazard of it for the Sake of the and of St. Lucia ; which Prefident Cox of Barbados in his Letter to the Chevalier Fouquiere^ Governor of Martinico^ 1 inftgnijicant and defert. Prefident Cox muft by inftgni- \tant mean only as it was then without Settlement or De- nee, but the Situation Htcws it to be an Ifland of very pt Significance for the Security and Encreafe of the Britijh pade and Navigation in thofe Parts, was it peopled, planted nd fortified. The fame would be St. Vincent\ but I will not determine hether that would be fufficient Renfon to difpofTefs the ManSi t^e natural Proprietors of the Country^ or if it |ere, whether ic would be pradicable to do it, the Inhabitants iPofTeflion being fo numerous, fo warlike, and fo well pro- led by their Allies the /r^f^. 4. Do- 187 l^.' * 1 . 1 « f & t > ) M .,( ■ -■ "M -» ('■ 1 A- .1 1 t; -J.. I I'ithSO; liv ■iii' ll k-' 1 188 Ti)e Hifiory of Dominico. D o M I N I c o TS in the Governor of Barbadoi^s Commiffion ; it lies ■* in 50 Degrees, 30 Minutes, North Latitude, and \ about 40 MUes long, and 40 Miles over, where it \^ broadeii. There are feveral high Mountains in the midft of it which encompafs an inaccdHble Bottom; where from the Tops of certain Rocks may be feen an infinite Number of | Reptiles of dreadful Bulk and Length. Though the Englijh pretend to be Lords of this Ifland I they never durft attempt to make any Settlement upon it the Charibbeans are fo numerous; and we fliould have treated of that barbarous Nation under this Head, if we had thfju'ght the Place belonged to the EngUJh : We have there- fore fpoken of them at large in the Hiftory of St. ChriJloA fhersy the moft confiderable of the Charibbee Iflands, atleaft of thofe in Poflfeffion of the Engli/hy to which the Reader is referred. There's none of them (o populous as Dominico, The Natives tell all Strangers, who come to vifit it, aftrangel Tale of a vaft monftrous Serpent, that had'its Abode in thel before-mentioned Bottom, They affirmed, there was in the| Head of it a very fparkiing Stone, like a Carbuncle, of in- eftimable Price ; that the Monfter commonly veiled that! rich Jewel with a thin moving Skin, like that of a Man's Eye-lid, and when it went to drink, or fported itfelf in the] deep Bottom, it fully difcovered ir, and the Rocks all about! received a wonderful Luftre from the Fire ifluing out of] that precious Gem. This Story is fo romantick, we wonder the French have! not found out a St. George to kill this fiery Dragon ; and no! doubt they would have added abundance of fine Stories of| the Amours of thefe gallant Cannibals. They had formerly a King here, or rather Captain,] who in all the Wars the Natives had with their Enemie on the Continent, led the Vanguard of their Army, and! was didinguUhed by a particular Mark that he had abouq him. The French have frequented this Ifland more than thd Englijh, though the latter fay it belongs to them ; but whatJ ever is the Matter, the Charibbeans have always loved the[ former better j perhaps there is more Agreement between thel -^ The Hijiory of Dominico. the DiTpofition of the French and thefe Barbarians y than between the Engiifii and them. Hither retreated the Charib^ yns when the Europeans drove them out of the other liiands. The French made Peace with all thefe Iflanders in the Year 1^4^* hut we do not underftand the Englijb ever gave themfelves the Trouble of treating with them, in which per- haps they have been neither jufl nor prudent j for the Domi*- fttcans have conceived fuch an Averfion to them, that they hate them the ntoft of any Nation, except the Jriovagues, This was occafioned by the Treachery of our Countrymeo, v/ho formerly, under Pretence of Friendfliip, and treating ihem, got them aboard their Ships, and when their Veflels were ftiU of them, carried away Men, Women, and Chil- dren into Captivity. It is dangerous for any Englijhmen to be feenupon thislfland ^ and feveral whom Storms have driven j alhore, have paid feverely for the Treafon of their Coun- tryincfi. I There is one remarkable Paflage in the Hiftory of the Charibbee Iflands, written in French^ and done into Englijh by Mr. Davyes of Kidwelly ; whereby we may perceive, wbat Right Princes and States have to the Countries they feiie in Jmerica-, and if his Affertion is true, the Title of m Englijh to Dominico will not appear very plain : // is a Utiitral Rule, (Czys the Author) that a^ Country deflitute of \lnhabitantSi belongs to him voho firji pojfejfes himfelf of ity fo uhat neither the King of France' j Grants nor yet that of thi \Cmpany^ does any thing more than fecure thefe Gentlemen \iiainjl the Pretenftons of fuch of their own Nation^ as might )pofe their Deigns. Which Obfervation may be made ufe of in all Cafes, Iwherein the Nations of Europe contend for any part of Umerica ; and (ince all Countries muft be deflitute of In- Ihabitants, to give any People a Right to poflefs them, fuch jisare inhabited (hould be bought of ihe PolTeflbr. It is the Charibbeans will never part with the Pofleflion of Ithis Ifle; and it may as well be left out of the Governor Ipf Borbados*s Commiflion, as the Kingdom of Jerufalem \m of the King of Spain^s Titles. About the Time that this Ifland was difcovered, a Charib- |lMff, whom the French called Capt. Baron^ lived in it^ nd from hence made Incurfions upon the Englijh in the ither Idands: But the Indians were afrkid of difturbing leir powerful Neighbours, who might eafily extirpate them th^ pleafedi aad we find nothing more material relating to t2^ Wmi . Mm J' Ml- 111-., ■ i t 190' ^e Hiftory ^Pommico;' to this Ifland but what Cijptiin Vr'mg {tfi irf ^ Voj'aje t6 tTie Pf^eji-lndies lo Years after my firft Impreffion ; that his Ship flopped there to vmd and water, where he found feveral French Families, and during the Ship's Stay a lar?t Periagua of the native Charibbean Indians came on board • the Men were naked, but the Women had a (ball piece of Cloth to cover them, and that he cnrertained them with Drams, With which they were well pleafedj and that hay. ing wooded and watered there, they departed, and I do not find that the Englijh have made any other Ufe of this liland. I .fi'V- \ ■U' :■.. M. .A : \ lii?' :•' T H Is ■ ' (' riv;.-;( 191 ) I V ■'■. ..M •; "■ .. •r^lV'i III ' . ' I I, ■ 1 I II •' .' ■ ■ • » U .w* If., ' . 1.1 . . ■■ ■ ■ . ■ I »< Li - . .. -f ..IK. THE* ) ;. . r M HISTORY O F T H E Leeward-Iflands. ■J-. » « r 'li I J N r £ G O. JNT E G lies between Barbados and Defirado ; in yl 16 Degrees, and 11 Minutes, North Latitude. It is about 20 Miles long, and as many broad, in feveral Places. The Accefs of it is dangerous for Shipping, by reafon of the Rocks that encompafs it. There are few or no Springs of fiefli Water in this Ifland ; I on which account it was for a long Time thought to be un- 1 inhabitable : But the Lord Francis Willoughby^ about the Year 16(^3. procured a Grant of this Ifland of King Charles I the Second i and about the Year 1666., planted a Colony I here. It is true, the Englijh, in SivThmas TVurner\ Time, Idifcovered this Ifland, and fome Families fettled upon it, 30 Years before the Propriety was granted to the Lord pyU- jhby. But fo uncertain was their Settlement, that the \fmcb intended to have pofleffed themfclves of this likmd, mti^t Spaniards had driven them out of St. Chrty}opher\ |had they not afterwards recovered their Part of that Ifle, This Governor fVarmr^ we are told by the X^oyagsr XDampier^ had. a Son by an Indian Woman, which he [bred up after iht Engli/h MaiMWr ;• haiearnedi ths- Engiijh I Language alfo of his Mother, bvt being' gt^W> upand hnd- jinghiinfclf defpi&d byrhis Mngiifi) Kindrcct^he iorfook his . ^ ■ Father's; li A'; II. i' ■i •m U%e Hijlory of Afltego. Father's Houfe, got away to St. Lueia^ and there lived among the Charibbee Indians, bis Relations by the Mother's Side, where conforming himfelf to their Cuftoms, he became one of their Captains, and roved from one Ifland to another as they did. * . nu II. Tart Dampier was in thefe Parts in the Year 1(^74, and writes, About this Time the Charibbets had done fome Spoil qq our Englijh Plantations at Antego, and therefore Governor Warner*s Son by his Wife, took a Party of Men and went to fupprefs thefe Indians, and came to the Place where his Brother the Indian Warner lived j great feeming Joy there was at their Meeting; but how dx it was real the Event (hewed ; for the Englijh Warner, providing Plenty of Li- quor, and inviting bis Half-brother to be merry, with him in the midft of his Entertainment, ordered his Men upon a Sgnal given to murder hitn and all his Indians^ which «'as accordingly performed. The Reafon of this in. huoMn A6tion is diverfely reported : Some fay, that this Indian Warner, committed ail the Spoil that was done to the Engli/hy and for that Reafon his Brother killed him and his Men. Others that he was a great Friend to die Englijh^ \ and would not fufFer his Men to hurt them, but did all that I lay in his Power to draw them to an amicable Commerce, and that his Brother killed him, becaufe he was alhamed to be related to an Indian. But be it how ic will, he was caU. ed in Quefiion for the Murder, and forced to come home and take his Trial in England. Such perfidious Doings as thefe, continues Dampier, befides the Bafeneis of them J are great Hindrances of our gaining Intereft among the| Indians* This Voyager writes largely of the Hurricane that hap<| pened here in i^Si, and of the Signs that it gave of iti coming, common with the Caribbean Hurricanes -, but thel mofl; remarkable Accident in it, happened to a Ship of i2o| Tons and ten Guns, commanded by Captain Gadbury, wb had careened his Ship in Musketo Cove, in St. John'i lk\ hour but a little before ; and being warncxi by the Pl^ntersc the approaching Hurricane, he moored his Ship as fecurei be could with all his Cables and Anchors, belides foo Cables which he made itSt tfhore to great Trees } and ab Seven that Evening went afliore to a poor Planter's Houfij about half a Mile from the Shore. By the Time he his Men were arrived tt the Houfe, the Wind came on ve fierce at North Eail^ tod VMring about to North and Non Wiefl, fettled thcic, drilling with it very violent Thus it continued about four Hours, and then fell flsU Calo and the Rain ceafed. " \ 14 J. The Htjlory of Anfeg6. In this Calm he fent three or four of his Men down t6 the Cove, to fee what Condition the Ship was in, and they found her driven afl ore dry on the Sand, lying on one Side, with the Head of her Mali fticking into the Sand ; after they had walked round her and viewed her a while, they returned again to the Captain to give him an Account of the Dif- jiiler, and made as much hafte as they could, becaufe the Wind began to blow hard at South Weft j and it blew*.fo violently before they recovered the Houfe, that the Boughs of 'he Trees whipt them fufficiently before they got thither, and it rained as hard as before j the little Houfe could fcarce ihclter them from the wet, for there was little befides the Walls ftanding. Yet they ftaid till the next Morning, and then coming to the Ship, found her almoft upright, but all the Goods that were in the Hold were walhed out. Hur- ricanes fince that have been frequent in this Ifland, but there I was nothing in them fo extraordinary as this. This Ifland is divided into five Parilhes, fouf of which ard I Towns J as St. Johnh-Town to the Northward ; and Fal- \muth^ Parham^ and Bridge-Town to the Southward. The I other Parifli i^ St. Peter\ St. J0M9 Harbour is the moft commodious. Befides [which there are feveral other good Harbours ; as Five IJland jHarbour ; fo called, from five little Iflands to the Weft- [ward of the Ifle. Carlijle-^vi^ Englijh Harbour^ at the iBottom of which is Falmouth Town, defended by Charles iFort. Next to it is Willoughhy-Bay. On the Eajl Shore is mUgt'Tofwii 'y then Green^Bay, off of which is Green- I/land^ [then Nonfuch Harbour, a fpacious Bay. Of this Coaft, on the North Eaft Shore, are feveral little lands, called Polecat- IJland^ and Goat-IJUmd } and more I the Northward, Guana- Ifland^ Bird-fjlandy Long-IJland^ \Maiden-I/landy and Prickle-Pear-IJland. The Forts are now in pretty good RcMir ; Monk's-Hill fort is mounted with thirty Pieces of Ordnance, it has a Magazine with about 410 Mufquets, and 800 Bayonets in Older. The other Fort ereded at the Entrance of ^t.7^^"'^ Harbour, is mounted with 14 Pieces of Canon; ere are feven other Batteries raifed for the Defence of fo sy landing Places, in all mounted with 26 Guns. The Capital of the Ifland is St. Johrfs-Town^ which ififts of about 200 Houfes, and the Number of Souls in this Colony are computed to be about 8000 Whites, be- des the Blacks, which were thrice the Number, but aro ot now 1 8000 ; the Number of Men enrolled in the Mi- lis now 1500. Vol. II. m H. i. !>'■ i\ ■i 4 y--:'^\:^i T-i't ,l,;j; The M, 1 194 ^be Hifloty of Antcgo, The want of frelh Springs in this Ifle is fupplicd by Cifterns in which the Inhabitants catch Rain-water, and fave it when they have done. There are fome Springs, but no River in the whole Ifiand. Some Creeks are to be met with here, as two at the Bot. torn of Fwe-IJland Harbour, and one called Indian- Creek between Englijh Harbour and JV'tlloughby-Bay, ' We cannot at moft fay very much of the Leeward-Ijlands there having few memorable Events happened in them} and they being all of them feparate Governments, under one Governour, or Captain General, the Succeffion of the Deputy-Governors, appointed by the Governors in Chief, is fo uncertain, that we cannot pretend to put them in a true Order ; and therefore (hall only name them, as we have occafion to mention any Fadls wherein they were concerned. But before we proceed in our Account of Antego^ we think it not improper to finifli what we have to fay of the Climate, Soil, Animals,' Productions, and Trade. The Situation of this Idand (hews it mud be hot; and I the Heats are indeed more excedive here than even in Bar-] bados, though farther from the Equator i the Soil being tnore inclining to Sand, and the* Ground not fo well cleared | of Woods, may be the occafion of it. Turnados, or Hurricanes, ufed to be very frequent and] troublefom here ^ and they are but too much fu fliJI, js| the Inhabitants have experienced this laft Year, to theii] great Lois. The Animals that may be faid to be moft peculiar to 1 liland are firft, among the Fifh, the. Dorado, or Sea-breao f. -9. of which Mr. Davyes of Kidwelly^ in bis Verfion of thi Hiftory of the Charibbet Iflands, (ays it is called Dorado, be caufe in the Water the Head of it feeaiis to be a green, gilt, clear Sky Colour. It takes a Pleaiure in following the Ships but fwims fo fwift, thatiiemuft be very dextrous whofjii take it, either with the Iron-hook, or Long-ftafF with tbj Cafting'net at the End of it. No Man can imagine FiH better furnifhed for Swimming than this ; for it has tb Fore-part of the Head (harp ; the Back briftled with Prickle rraching to the Tail, which is forked ; two Fins on each of the Head, and as many under the Belly, fmall Scale and the whole Body of a Figure rather broad than big All which give it a ftrange Command of the Waters. Son of them are about five Foot in Length. The Meat of th Filh is a little dry, yet no lefs pleafant to the Tafte Jrout or Salmon, to the Opinion of many^ ^he Hiftory of Antego. ip j fhe Shark-Fini abounds in the Charibbtan Seas, and is obferved to be as common near JntegOf as any of the other Iflands ; wherefore we fhail fpeak of it in this Place. It is otherwise called the Requiem^ and is a kind of Sea-Dog, or Sei-Wolf, the moft devouring of all Fifli, and the moft grtcdy of Man's Flefh. He is dreaded very much by fuch Lj go a fwimming ; and that with very good Reafon, for he lives by Prey, and commonly follows Ships, to feed oq I the Filth caft out of them into the Sea. Thefe Monfters feem to be of a yellowifli Colour in the^* f' '**• [Water. Some of them are of an unmeafurable Length and iBignefs, and fuch as are able to cut a Man in two at a Bite. Their Skin is rough, Files were formerly made of it, Itopolifli Wood. Their Heads are flat, and the Opening of leir Mouth is not jufl before the Snout, but under it ; Iwbence it comes, that to faften on their Prey, they are irced to turn their BcHTes almoft upwards. Their Teeth ^re very iharp, and very broad, being jagged all about like a Some of them have three or four Ranks of thefe Feeth in each Jaw-bone. They lie within the Gums, but eymake them fufi^ciently appear when there's Occafion. The Shark»fifli is commonly attended by two or three ri(hes, that go before him with a fwift and regular Motion, fld either halt, or advance more or lefs, as they perceive lie hquiem does. Some call them Rambos ana Pilgrims ; ] the French Mariners, the R [The Meat of the Requiem is not good, at leaft when it is tvery young. The Brains of the old ones are thought to ia Remedy for the Stone or Gravel. The French and Por^ utfe call this Fiih Requiem, or Reft, becaufe 'tis wont [tppear in fair Weather. Its Liver, when boiled, yields a « Quantity of Oil, good for Lamps. jWe might with as much Reafon perhaps have treated of ifeFilhes, when we wrote of any other Part of the Cha- heljlands -y but we have placed them h^e, for that we 1 others have done fo before us. The Bucane found on this Coaft, is, like the Indian In- bitants, greedy of Man's Flefli. It refembl^ a Pike in ^ure • but it is feven or eight Foot long, and proportiona- big. It lives by Prey like the Shark, and furiouAy faftens O 2 OQ V mm ';' >i^ vr'I ;■. (. b i'l ' .. 'I m" m 196 ^e Htjlory of Antego. on the Man it can reach in the VVater. Whatever it Kn.^ it carries ofFj and if it did not, its Teeth are lb venomous' that the leaft touch of them becomes mortal, if fome fove! reign Antidote be not immediately applied. There's another Kind of Bucanes, by fome called Sea. Woodcocks, from the Figure of the Beak, which is fonic. what like a Woodcock's Bill, excepting that the upper Part jj much longer than the lower ; and that this Fi(h moves both Jaws with like Facility. Some of them are fo big and long that there are above four Foot between the Head and the Tail^ and they are 12 Inches broad near the Head, mea* Turing Tideways. The Head is fomewhat like that of a Hog's, but jlJumi. nated by two large Eyes, which are extremely fliinine. It has two Fins on the Sides, and under the Belly a great Plume rifing higher and higher by degrees, like a Cock's Comb reaching from the Head almoft to the Tail, which is divided 1 f 106. intQf^Q Parts. Befides this long and folid Beak, it has two Sorts of Horns, hard, black, and about a Foot and a half in Length, which hang down under its Throat, and are par- ticular to this kind of FiOi. Thefe it can eafily hide in a hollow Place under its Belly, which fcrves them for a Sheath. It has no Scales, but is covered with a rough Skin, which on the Back is black, on the Sides grecniHi, and under the Belly white. It is fafe, but not pleafant, to eat the Meat oF it. Another Fi(h found on thefe Coafts, is called the Sea-Urchin^ and well defervcs that Name. It is as round as a Ball, and full of iharp Prickles. Some Europeans who have taken them, have dried them, and fent them as Prefents to the Curious for Rarities to hang in their Clofets. lb. ;.98. The Sea Parrots, common in thefe Seas, are fcaled like Carps ; but as to Colour, are as green as Parrots, whence they got their Name. They have beautiful aad fparkling, Eyes ; the Balls clear as Cryftal, encompafled by a Circlel lugenr, endofed with another as green as an Emerald; ol which Colour are the Scales of their Backs, and thofe underl the Belly of a yellowiih green. They have no Teeth, but Jaws above and below of folid Bone, which is very ftroi and of the fame Colour as their Scdes, divided into iitdi Compartments, very beautifiil to the Eye. They live Shell-fifli ; and with thofe hard Jaw-bones they crufli, between two Mill-ilones, Oifters, Mufcles, and other ShellBtfaeir Coppe fifli, to get out the Meat. The Meat of them is cxct^&nMHamiurffJ!; and fome of them are fo big they weigh 20 Pound, ■>' ' - » lb. p. 101. The E/padon, or Sword-Fi/h, is oblerved to frequent tl Seas off thefe Coafts, it has at the End of the Uppcr-Jai I ' ' a dcfeii m a b( |Mufcovado The Plan 77je Hi/iory of Aniego. igy a dcfenfivc Weapon, about the Breadth of a grcaf Cutlafs, which has hard and fliarp Teeth on both Sides. This Wea- pon in ibme o" ;hcm is about five Foot in Length, about lix Inches broa^ at the lower End ; and palifado^d, to ufe my Author's Words, with 27 white and folid Teeth, in nch Rank) to which the Bulk of their Bodies bears a Pro- portion. The Head of thefe Sea-Monfters is flat, and hideous to be- hold, being of the Figure of a Heart. They have near their Eyej two vents, at which they caft out the Water they fwallow. They have no Scales, but a greyifli Skin on the Back, and a white under the Belly, which is rough like a File. They have five Fins, two of each Side, two on the Back, and that which ferves them for a Tail. Some call them Saw-Fifl}tty fome Emperors, becaufe there is an Hofti- lity between them and. the WhaU^ which they many times wound to Death. Thefe Fifli, and feveral others mentioned in other Parts of thisTreatifc, are common alfo in other Parts of the Cha^ ritiian Seas. But the Inhabitants are apt to give them other more vulgar Names ; and perhaps they will not be known to the meaner fort of them by thefe, no more than fome of the Fowl which we find treated of by Mr. Davyes in the gbov^mentioned FJiftory : As the Canides, about the Big- ib p- 90. nefs of a Pheafant, of a moil beautiful Plumage. This Bird is more frequent at Curajfau, and therefore we fliall if no more of it here. The Flammans are great and beautiful Birds ^ but wefhould not have mentioned it in this Article, becaufe it delights in Fenny-Places and Ponds, that are not common in this liland, which abounds in all Sorts of Fowl, wild and tame. It has more plenty of Cattle, and other Beafts, efpecially Venifon, than any other of our CAtfr/^^^^-^^«d?ii the Animals [of which are much the fame, as alfo their Productions. Sugar, Indigo, Ginger, and Tobacco, were the chief ^ I Growths and Commodities of Antego, when it was firfl inted i but now Indigo and Ginger are very rarely culti- ivated there. The Sugar and Tobacco were both bad of the Sort ; the former To black and coarfe, that one would fcarcebave thought any Art could have refined it^ and as if lour En^li/h Sugar-bskers fcorned to put fuch Dirt into Itbeir Coppers, it was generally ihipped ofF for Holland and |i/o/n^Ar^/&, being fold for 16 s. a Hundred, when other [Mufcovado Sugar fistched 18 or 19 x. a Hundred. The Planters of Jntego have fince improved their Art, and |if{Qod Mufcovado Sugar is now made there as in any of our O 3 Sugar ■' ' k > !■■« . vW mM 1..1 u^ km Y \kr ml , V.J ,i f I '.;'^ 198 . ne Hiflory of Antcgo. Sugar Iflandi. They have alfo clayed fomo Sugar » Vjci, was not known to have been done in Antego 20 ', ^ * .j^ Tho' there is not much Tobacco planted in tlu 'and what there is, is not fo bad as it was formerly, when it wal fold for no Ufes, but to make SnufF. The wild Cinnamon * **'5a''*^ Tree is faid to grow in the Lowlands, or Savanna Woodi *. ». 005. .J " * I jn Anttgo. We know of no other Productions here, which it has not in common with the other Iflands ; and having treated of them elfewhere, we (hall proceed in our Hiftory, which is indeed but (hort : Our Memoirs for the Leeward-Iflandi did not, and perhaps the Fads themfelves would not enable us to enlarge upon it much more. The Hiftory of the Charibhee-IJlands^ tranflated by Mr. DavytSy mentions, that Antego was inhabited by the Englljk almoft as fbon as St. Chrijiophers j but We cannot get any other Proof of it, and it does not appear that it was planted till after it became the Lord fP^iUoughiy*s Propriety : It hai | fince reverted to the Crown, and is made a Part of the ge. ncral Government of the Letward-IJlandsy and did not make any confiderable Figure among them, till about the Year 1^80. It has owed moft of its flouriihing Condition fince to the Care and Intereft of Colonel Chrtjiopher Cod- V rington ; who removing from Barhdosy where he had been Deputy-Governor, to Antego^ planted here, and in other Lenuard' I/lands, and having a great Knowledge and £xp^ rience in the Sugar Plantations, and a great Stock to fupport | it, acquired as good an Eftate as any Planter had got at Bar- bados or Jamaica, Others folk)wing his Example, AnuiA throve ; and he making it the Seat of bis Government, when he was Captain General, and General Governor of all the Leiward-ljlandsy this Ifle Bouriihed equally at lead vritli{ the reft, and became wealthy and populous. Among others who came with the Lord IVilhughhj fronl Barbados^ was M^or Byam^ whofe Family ftill remains on the Place. He was one of the Commiflioners appointed by that Lord, to treat with Sir George Ayfcuesy about the Surrender of Barbados to the Parliament. His Son Colonel Witloughby Byam, was one of the moH confiderable Plaii<| tcrs in the Leeward-IJlands, ^ We have not been ^ble to procure an exadfc Lift of thel Governors of theie Iflands, iirozD their firft Settletncnt, andl much lefs of the particular Governors, or rather Deputyl Governors of the particular Iflands,and therefore (hall not pre-f lend to give any. Sir Nathaniel Johnfon was Governor ofl a)} them »c the Revolution^ and qoc conforsuog to the Go<| ycrnwcDtJ I'he Hijlory of Antego. ^crnmcnt, wa removed : Upon which, Col. Codrlngton iuccccdcJ him in his Govcrninent, and Colonel Rowland Ifilliamt was made Deputy Governor of Antegv. (n March^ 1^89. there happened a terrible Earthquake in the Lteward-IJJandsy Monftrrat, Ntvis^ and Antego. In Kivis and Mont/etrat, no confidcrable Hurt was done, moft of the Buildings being of Timber ; but where there were Stone Buildings, they were generally thrown down, which fell very hard on Antego-, moft of the Houfes, Buildings, Sugar-works, and Wind-mills being of Stone. Several Sloops felt the Violence of the Shake at Sea. Oo the breaking out of the War between England and France, after the Revolution, the Inhabitants of Antego, as well as tbofeof the other Leeward- Jjlands, defired AiHltance of the Governor and Government of Barbados-, and when Sir Timothy Hbornhill had raiied his Regiment, he failed with them to Antego, where he arrived on the 5 th of Augujf, and received the unwelcome News, that the Fort at St. Cbr'ijiopher*i was furrcndered to the French, on Monday the 19th of July, 1(^89. upon Articles. Sir Timothy knovf- ing his Strength to be too inconfiderable to attack an IQand fo well fortified as St. Chrijlophers, and the Government of httgo folliciting him to continue with them till the Arrival of the Englijh Fleer, which was daily expedied -, he agreed to their Propofals, and landed his R^roent there, which he quartered in the Town of Falmouth, about the fame Bigneis as that of St. John*& Town. After a Month's Continuance in this Ifland, Lieutenant- General Codrington fent three Sloops manned with 80 Mea of Sir Tintoth/s^ Regiment, under the Command of Capt. Edward Thorn, from Falmouth^ to fetch the Englijh, with their Goods arid Stocb, from the Ifland of Anguilk, whert they had been miferably abufed anddeftroyed by fome Irijh^ wboffl the French had landed there for that Purpofe. Before Sir Timoihy Thornhiirs Arrival, and during his Stay I it drUego, the Induuu of the neighbouring Iflands, who were 1 10 League with the French, lai^ded feveral Times upon that lOaod, killing thofe Inhabitants who lived near the Sea, (to I the Number of 10} and then making their Efcape in their fwift Periagas. Thtfe Pyratical Excurfions were all the ?elgb^ arrivingj from England with a ftron^'^ Squadron of Men of War, aill tl.c Leeward^ Ijlands raifed Forces for the Recovery of St.l ChijKyher^s ; among which thzt of Antego fiirniflied a who!e| Rc;^i''r)ent of 400 Men, who were commanded by the Depur Cio^' sa^^iO'".. Col, Rowland Williarmf^ whofe Son, Mr. Sammt[ ; ' fp^illimsi 77,/ Htftory of Antcgo. ftlltoms^ was fotnc Time after a Gentleman Commoner of ^-jjfiji'Cburch in Oxford^ and agr -it Lover of the Studies of Humanity ; in which he midt ■ good Proticiincy in a ihortTitnc. Tiic Author owes this Jutticc to the Memory of his Friend, and the Reader will therefore cxcufe this PigrclTion. Kor rouft we omit doing Jufticc to Chrijfi^phtr Codring'- Ifjujun.Eiq; c Governor's Son; who dilkingui/Tirrl him- r^ij is the fume illuftrious Academy, by i, j Genius an i judgment in Poetry and Eloquence ; wherein I j r formed I fvertl Things with equal Merit and Suctefs: iie was a Gtnticman Commoner of All-Souls College ; and when King \'0lm paid his Vifit of Kindnefs, as his Majefty was era- cioufly picafed to call it, to the Univerlitv of Oxford, K , uyr/ffg-zw exprcfled the publick Thanks of*^ that learned Body, in a ve^eleg.nr i )rarion. He was a Patron of the famous Mr. ^^''''''•' ' ^ .^icated his Latin Edition of Lucretius 10 bin Wl'it-n thji Gentleman left the Study of the Arts, )h;ook to i;hoi Guards : And more might be faid of his Adions and IvVorth, oiilj' we remember we arc writing the Hiftory of Countries, and not of Perfons j but the high Poft he arter- Iwards enjoyed in this Ifland, where he is now an Inhabitant, Iviil excuie us for what we might otherwife be thought to" [digrels in. The Succefs of the Expedition or St. Chri/lophcr\ and ether Enterprizes in the Lenvard-IJlands^w'iW be related in the )fopcr Places, where thofe Adions were performed j only wmuft correal an Error in the Gazette, which on the i8th September, l6^o, told us, Eight hundred Men were raifed Y Antcgo, for the Expedition againjl the French at St. Dbriftopher'j ; whereas, by an exadt and faithful Account of [t, written by Mr. Thomas Spencer, Jun. Secretary to the " nourable Sir. Ttm. Thornhill, Mufter-Maftcr to his Regi- nent, and Deputy Commiflary, we find, the Antego Regi- Dent confifted of 400 only; and indeed if this Ifland kouid raife 8oo Men, and fpare them for fuch an Enter- piie, we ati'y very well ompute the Number of Souls at ^ime to be 14. or 15000, which none pretend there (yer was in Antego. This IQand fent their Quota to all the [orccs that were raifed againft the French in the laft War. In the Year \6^6, the Hejiings Krigat was here, and failed London, Convoy to a fmall Fleet of ii Ships, which behove ^even Wccicsio their Voyage. 201 \\0 f It ^\ ''I ^ '1V-I m M General ■I I #i ' M,f 202 ^te IVftory of Antego. General Codrmgton dying in the Year i^t^g, his Son Chrijiophtr Codrington, Efqj of whom we have fpoken al- ready, was appointed Captain General, and Governor in Chief of the Leeward-IJIands ^ and in Purfuance of this Com, xnidion, he removed from England to this Ifland, where he 1 moftly refided during his Government, being one of the grcateft Proprietors in it. In January^ 1699, kdimixA Bembow arrived at the i^^ fvard-iflands^ having Col. Collingwood's Regiment on Board I Part of which was quartered in Antego, and fart in the other Iflands. The Governor having received fome more Forces! from England^ to make up the Lofs of thefe, moft of theml having died in the Iflands, refolved, on the breaking out ofi theprefent War, to attack the French at Guardakup, I The Merchants of Antego had equip'd feveral Privateers J which, in Conjundion with fome Privateers of the otherl JHands, and a Squadron of Men of War, made a Strength atl Sea too mighty for the French. He raifed a Regiment of Soldiers in Antego^ of which Cobnel Byam was Colonel i and the other Leeward-IJIands fuinifh^4 ^^p alfo for tb Enterprize. On the 'j\}ci oi March, I702> ^^ General came off thJ Ifland of Guardaloupy with the Land and Sea Forces. Tha, French (hot at them from the Shore, but did no other MifJ ^chief than killing one Man, and wounding a Boy aboard th( Commodore. The Fleet ftood ofiF and on till the loth waiting the coming up of the Maidfione Map of War, and fome other fmall Ships, which lay off of Mary Galanta When they arrived, the Governor came to an Anchor, tJ Hai'. North- Weft of the Ifland, and ordered a Party of Me] to land, and deftroy fome fcattering Plantatipos on the Coail which they did. . , On the i2th. Col. Byam with his Hegiment, and aDe; tachment of 200 Men of Col, JVhetham'i Regiment, lande by Break ot Day, at a Place called Les Petits Habitan\ where they met with fome Oppoiition, but foon obliged tb Enemy to retire. About 9 in the Morning, Col. Wetham, with about 8o| Men mor^ landed in a Bay to the Northward of a T09 called the Bayliffe ; where he met with a vigorous Refiftapa from all the Enemy's Forces, potted in a yiti^ good and ad vantageous Brcaft-Work. Thefe plyed the Englijh continuall with great and fmall Shot, while they were landing, part] ^ularly in a more furious Manner a( the Flag; yet notwid Handing all their Fire, the Engiijh bravely marched up 1 their Entrenchments, with their Muskets (houldered, wltlj ne Hiftory of Antego. out firing one Shot, till they could come up to lay the Muz- ^es of their Pieces upon the Top of the Enemies Brcaft- Works. The Englijh had 3 Captains killed at the Head of their Grenadiers, before they could make themfelves Mafters ^f the firft Breaft-Work. Col. IVill'n fignalized himfelf in (his Adion, by his great Bravery ; and all the Officers and Soldiers behaved themfelves on this Occafion, like Englijh' ff,v. fighting with Frenchy we mean, like Men born to conquer. By Noon they had maftered all the B^nemies Out- Works. In an Hour after, the Town called the Bayhffe was taken; jsalfo ih^Jacobines Church, which the French had fortified, jnd ten Pieces of Cannon. About 2 in the Afternoon, they took a Platform, where the French had planted three Pieces of Cannon, and a Re- ^bt with one. At Night, 400 Men, and the Regiment of Marines, at- tacked the Jacobine Plantation, and the Breaft-Work along ^Jacobine*$ River ; which was the ftrongeft and moft ad- vantageous of any the French had in the Wejl-lndies^ yet tiiey quitted it after the Englijh had fired but two Volleys of Saiall-Shot at them. The next Day the General marched without any other Op- pofition, than that of the Enemies Cannon playing upon him, and poflefled himfelf of the great Town, called Bafeterre\ where the Englijh flayed about a Week, fending out Parties to burn and deftroy the Inhabitants Hoafes, Works, Sugar Canes, and Provifions. They laid Siege to the Fort and laftleof Baffeterre, and advanced within Piftol-Shot of the ort, and within Musket-Shot of the Caftle, having 1^ kes of Cannon mounted for Battery : Into thefe Forts, ind another called the Dadaiv Peck^ the Inhabitants retired ith their Families and beft Effeds, leaving all the opeo buntry at the Mercy of the Englijh^ who had beeh taught the French to (hew little enough on fuch Occafions. But all thefe Succeffes were rendered fruitlefs by fome un- ippy Differences among the Commanders, and fomething aft be imputed to the vigorous Defence of the French^ and leSicknefs of the Enghjli Soldiers, which obliged the Ge- ral to reimbark his Men, after they were lb near making Conqueft of this liTand. In the Year 1704, Sir William Matthews was made Go- fernor of the Leeward- IJlands-y who dying foon after. Col. Vl of Virginia^ who brought the Queen the glorious 'ews of the Victory the Duke of Marlborough obtained cr ihc French at HQchJlet^ and was his AU dt Campi had the 203 \ ''■'* lt**i.' :^-»*^ "A'fr • ■•+'1' ! k% MM ..■.T*^'i. iil^:;^i m m MM' , .41 ■.';■ ,.,''f 1%.! if.-;r! We have feen another Lift of the Counfellors, wherein tii following were added. ^ ' Chri/iopher Codrington, Efq; ' ^ Charles MatheWy Efq; William CodringtoNy Efqj Barry Tankard, Efq; . ' ^ " Lawrence Crab, Elq^ He.Hiftory ^ .Antego. 0iief Juftice, Sa7nuel JVatkirHy Efqj -, 'v- Secretary, Rhodes^ Efq; Judge of the Admiralty, George Gambell^ Efij; . . Cotntniflioner of the Cuftoms, Edward Pirry, Efq; Collector of the Cuftoms, Richard Buckeridge^ Efq; Colonel of the Regiment of Foot, Col. Edward Byam] Colonel of the Regiment of Horfe, Col. Lucy Blackmore. Minifters of the 3 Paripies fupplied with Incumbents, Mr. James Field, Mr. John Buxton, jMr, John Powel, Conjmiflary of the Bifliop of London for all the Leeward JJlands, the ^v. Mr. James Field. Sir IVilliam Matthews late Captain General and Com- Ifliander in Chief of the Leeward- IJlands, was a Gentleman of U) courteous and equal a Temper, of To much Honour and Prudence, that Col. Park his Succeflbr in that Station, caoieto his Government with great Difad vantage in Charac- ter, Porf^ being imperious, arrogant, rafli and vicious, and Ijoon giving Proofs in every Kind of thefe ill Qualities, he became odious to the moft fober and moft interefted Per- Ifonspf this Ifland, where he made his Refidence. I avoid entering into the Detail of his Life and Adlions, [before he had this Government ; the Subjed is not very a- Igreeable, fuch as it is, it may be found in the Political State, m April 17 10, />. 24.2. 'Tis true, the Writer fays after- Iwards his Account is erroneous^ and I muft needs own great [Caution (hould be ufed by fuch as have Occafion to take any jThingout of his CoUedtion ; however, in this Cafe fbme of ItheFads he mentions relating to Col. Park, have come to Imy Knowledge by other Means, and I can perceive by his Ircterring this Matter entirely to the Board of Trade, and the IQueen and Council, what Influence he was under when he nortiiied.himfelf fo far, as to own what he found was full of Error. I (hall therefore avoid following him, and have ^ecourfe to other Memoirs for Governor Park's unhappy \dminiftration and tragical End. The Government of Antego before Col. Park arrived, m in the Hands of the Lieutenant Governor and Council, vho were f:/;K Tcamans, Efq, Prefident. ^dhn Hainilton, Efqj Idward Byam, Efqj icnry Lyon, Efqj 'jiorge Gambell, E(q; tFiiiiain Codrin^ton^ Efq; To thefe were added. Thomas Morris, Efq; Richard Oliver, Efq; Habert Pmber, Eiq; 205 The >» W w:f:. w- ;■ ■-!■■ « "A -■}'} ''' ■ \'\ ■ i.' L ■ ■ \^- V I km km^ mm ... K.^ m:% I I'.'.l:. '•'till li... Ur I' Vti 1:3 206 Tie Hiftory of Antego. ' ■ The latter came with him to Antego^ and was made Attor. ney General, which gave not fo much Offence as his makintr a private Man of the Regiment of Foot ftationed in the Leeward-IJIands^ Provoft Marfhal, a Place of as great Profit and Truft as any in the Government, and that without giving Security as the Law of Antego requires. But one can hardly believfc what the Inhabitants allcdged againft him on this Oc. cafion, in the Beginning of his Adminiftration, that this Provoft Marjhal executed all his Commands without Refervi and that Col. Park frequently declared, he would fuffer «J Provoft Marflial to aSf^ who would not at all Time i impannd fuch Juries as he fhould dire£f. This being an Article of Complaittt againft him, he anfwercd by infifting on the Qua- lity of a Foot Soldier as a Gentleman^ and that as he never direfted any Thing but what was Law, his fo faying could not be exceptionable. I (hall fay no more of the Articles againft him, nor his Anfwer to them, but refer to his Hif. tory written by Mr. George French, who hazarded his Life in Defence of him, when his Adverfaries proceeded to Ex. tremities, but ihall content myfelf with Obferving, that his Behaviour feems to be very rafh and dangerous, in fetting the greateft Men in the Ifland againft him, almoft as foon as he came among them there, as Col. Chrijiopher Codrington^ who had the greateft landed tntereft, and Mr. Edward Chejler, who had the greateft trading Intereft in the Ifland. Col. Codrington^ is that Gentleman Commoner of OxM^ who compofed and pronounced an elegant and fpirited Lai'm Oration to our Deliverer King William at his coming to that Univerfity. He is the Gentleman to whom Creech dedicated his learned Edition of Lucretius in an Epiftle, wherein this Gentleman's Merit has all the Juftice done it that could be €xpe(5led from fo mafterly a Pen. This is the Gentleman who gained fo much Glory by his Valour at the Siege of Namur, that his Majefty rewarded him on the Spot with a principal Command in his Guards, at the fame Time and in the fame Poft with the Lord Raverfl)am, and the late Lord Windfor. Col. Codrington is the fame Gentleman who wrote thcfe gallant and harmonious Verfes to Sir Samuel Garth before his Difpenjary^ of which I cannot forbear repeating thisTriplet, 1 read thee ever with a Lover's Eye, Thou haft no Faults or I no Faults canj^yty Thou att all Beauty, or all Blindnefs 1, This ^he Hijiory of Antcgo. 20 Tliis Col. Cedrington is the Gentleman, whofe Father wis Captain General and Commander in Chief of the Leeward jjlandsy'^^o was himfelf Chief Governor and Commander of the i^i(i Ifl^i^^s j i" which and Barbados, he had an Intereft valued at loooo /. per Ann. This is the Gentleman who by |g5 Will left above 30000 /. for promoting Religion and Learning : In fine, this is the Gentleman whom Q>1. Park took the Liberty to vilify and to treat with fo much Infolence, that, as his own Hillorian confe0es, he retired to Barbados to avoid the like ill Treatment by the Abufe of Park\ delegated Power ; tho' the faid Park faid himfelf, that Col. Codrington ioteDiied to make him either one of his Executors, or give him a good Legacy. As to Mr. Edward Chejier^ he was the lnjal African Company's Fador, and the moft confiderable Merchant in ^w/rfj-?. It happened that this Mr. Chejier refenting fome provok- Words of one Sawyer of Virginia, about iliipping fome |(j^s, flung a Tankard of Punch, or Punch Tankard at I, which bruifed his Head a little, and the Man dying of Difeafe foon after. Governor Park endeavoured to have 4ir found guilty of Murder, but the Coroner's Inqueft ight in a Verdidfc of natural Death, for which the De- ty Marlhal that impannelled the Inqueft fell under his Dif- ttfure: Sawyer was a Virginian, Cd. Parkas Countryman, hich no Doubt was not forgotten, in the Care he took to ive bis Death fo cur*oufly fifted; but if the Antego Author wrote againft French's Hiilory is not miftaken, the Go- ernor afterwards took a more plealant Kind of Revenge, >tf^. 6. in this Queftion, What Englidi Subje£l bejides CoL •ark, that had a larger or more dijiant Command, durji have mitdaway a Gentleman* s Wife, and that before the Face of Iff Hujband, and kept her as his Mijirefs, The Anfwer to is being only a flat Negative, is not ftrong enough to difpel ly Sufpicions that are raifed by ftrong circumiftantial Evi- bees : However, I ihail have done with it, it having more elaticn to Col. Park*i Perfon than his Office, in which hieily confifted his Relation to the Iflandof Antegoi or this ticular Article of Chejier's Wife, might be not a little con- rmed by a general Charge, in the Anfwer to his Hiflory ttsn by French, wherein the Anfwerer, fpeaking of his mmcrce with the Antego Mens Wives and Daughters, fays, k took Care to people the Ifland with them. Now there ne- ar was fuch Charge brought againfl a Wife and virtuous Go- ernor, fince Government was eilablifhed -, and therefore I luft think Col. Parkas Hiftorian does not tread on fure tvund, where be fays in his Anfwer to the Antego Writer Pag. f,-,r V ' 1 ■■•\ H' f I , >i ■ :' ,"!V •SIS' iiiill'T.'. i '"ik ■MB* v\ 9%' 'I W- . -I I -:.4 m ■M:U 2o8 n^e Hijiory of knttgo. Pag. %7. The Lords of Trade gava him the Charaglcr of the beji Governor the ^een had, or perhaps Jhould have durinv her Reign, But as I am under no Temptation to compliment or vilify the Charader of Col. Parky I Ihall reprefent Things in their natural Light only. At his firft coming the Aflembly voted him looo /. a Year for Houfe Rent, but the good Ini-elligence between him and them lafted not long, and it is very plain, that his afFedtin? i rather a Sovereignty than a Superiority over them, was the chief Occafion of the Dil'guft his Government loon gave them : He had not been in it much above a Year, before the chief Inhabitants began to cab^l againft him, and prepare Articles of Impeachment to be tranfmitted to England}. Whoever reads his own Hiftoriao's Lift of Names of thole that entered into this Party, and knows any Thing of Antqo will be convinced, that Men of their Character and In!| tereft, would not hazard the Peace and Profpericy of their Country by a Contention with their Governor, unlefe they I had been driven into it by the Violence and Injuftice of hij Adminiftration, not fufficient however to juftify Violence and Injuftice ir* themfelves. They drew up above thirty Article. to be delivered to her Majefty and Council, with a Petition thereto figned by fourfcore of the principal Inhabitants o^ Jntego, as Governor Park's Hiftorian confefles, and that| the Complainants were the major Part of the Iflandcrs. I refi to his Hiftorian French, as well for their" Articles as for 1 Anfwers, and ftiall abridge what fecms to me the moft ma<| terial. ' That he gave out foon after his coming to his Go * verninent. Let him do what he would, he Jhould be proteUii ' and Jupported by the Lord Godolphin, Lord Treafurer, du * the but chefs of Marlborough.* This would be very foolij] as well as very iriipudent, were it true ; for befides that tb Dutchefs of Marlborough was then not fo high in the Queen'J Favour, as when fhe lived with her at Sion and Berktl4 Houfe, in a Strangenefs with her Royal Brother and Siil King fVilliam and Qut^n Mary, it was not decent fori Governor and Captain General to declare himfelf to be uo^ der the Protedion of a Court Lady ; but RaHineis often pro duces the moft unguarded Expreilions. That by Methods unheard of, and abhorred in Law^ tb Words of the Petitioners, with whom joined alfo their CorJ refpondents the Sugar Merchants in London, he endeavour to have taken away the Iftand of Barbuda from Col. Cot rington firft, and afterwards from his Heir the late Sir lVillia\ Codrington, then one of the beft interefted PIoo/. a Year I recn him and his afFefting lem, was the] It foon gave ir, before the , and ptepare to England. imes of thole ling of Antqo.^ i£ter and In. perity of theii >r, unlefs they njuftice of hi; y Violence aa thirty Artid vith a Petitioi Inhabitants effes, and diatl panders. I reft icles as for ; the moft ma- ung to his G uld be prott&u Treafurer, a be very faolil befidcs that tl lin theQueec'! m and Berktl ither and Si )t decent for nfelf to be unl nets often pii The Hijto'ry of Antcgo. iJaclc M b^n in Pofleflioa. of it near 30 Years, by feverst piKMCS ^^ ^^^ *^ * ^'^ Expence in peopling and planting it. In ^Kft ^^ ^^ without fufiiciently acquainting themfelves ^ith Col. Codri»gtoTit& Right to that Propriety, tho' the very poiTeffioQ aQ4 maintaioing it at fo great Charge, w«s a Kight th^c Rcaibn and Juftice fufficiently guarded ag^inft any ^m by an Inijercion, with other Chartbbee IJlands^ in the Go- vernor's Cqcnminipn. To claim any Place as one's own l^iufe we have called it ours, feems too whimficai ; unlels one has been at the Expence and Trouble of pofTefliing it. However, the Codringtont Grants mud needs have been lo^vm by thofe thai: would have brought their Right into Litkation, and then their Care for the Intereft of the Crown got the better of their Care foe the Property of the Subject; dtlimma that very often happens, when Perfons imagine g^eaten or ftrengthen their private Interefls, by aflFeding jiealior thofe of the Publicity the late Sir William Cod- ■^m being peremptorily required by Governor Park to teout; his Title to the Pofleffion of his Family, unquef- led and apparent as it was to all the People in every one our Sdgar Colonies among the Charibbees. The Governor thought it proper to make the Council to as much Cenliire as himfelf, and Col. Cedrington fing to give any Account to him of ttis Title, which was well known to all the World, the Governor confulted Council, who advifed him to proceed no farther in the as he himfelf owns, by publifhing the Anfwer of 20^ icr. t Council to this and other Articles againft him. But his crimony agaiaii Sir JftUiam Codrington was (o exceflive, that forbore not to treat him at feveral Timer with the un- bm Terms of Wretch^ infamous^ villainoiis^ and impu- French p- Be Codrington what he will as to his Morals, Park's 354. ^-^ inly were not purer; and this Language to a Gentleman that Diflindioo and Fortune (hews the Tendency of the to Paffion and Iniblence, very ill Requihtes in the 'ornwion of the be ft Governor in the Britijh World, as his orian fays he was thought, and iaid to be by his Su- rsat Home. Tlie Complauaants fay he altered the Method of ele> Urn '^ii. .2..W m: * ■]■: ■: <*' % I ■ 210 fhe Hijlory of Antego. men there met for good Fellowlhip, on aSufpicion that they might be conferring about their Proceedings aaainft him • Thcfe he fent to Jail, tho* fomc of the principal Men of the \ Ifland. He fent his Provoji Marjhal to the Houfe of harn Tankard^ Efq; 8 Miles from St. John*% : The Marlhal'j Officers and Followers entered in the Night Time with Files of Musketeers, to apprehend the faid Mr. Tankard^ and hawl him to Prifon for a Breach of good Behaviour, as him. I • felf adjudged it. The Ruffians broke into Mrs. Tankard'A Bed- chamber Sword in Hand, which fo frightened her, that! it endangered her Life. The Complainants fay farther, he called no Affembly •- eleven Months, and forbad the Lieutenant Governor to call| one at a Time when the French threatened an Invafion. Ha frequently infinuated in Difcourfe, that it was ufual for Go vernors in other Colonies, to be prefented wi;h vaft Sunt CO pals beneficial Laws. That it was become dangerous fo] the Inhabitants of the Town of St. John's to go abroai about their Bufinefs, for Fear of being infulted : That bd was wont to flroll about the Streets in the Night private]] armed, Hftening and Eves dropping, being jealous of th] People's Diilatisfadtion with his Management. - I have not touched on a Quarter Part of the Articles a| gaind him, the Articles and Anfwers being at large in I Hiflory : But as his Anfwers turn chiefly on the Extent his Prerogative, which he fandbifies with the Name of th ^een\ and the: Confent of the Council, as much under bj Influence, as Perl bns generally are under that of thofe on whoq they depend, I fhaJl not enter into the Pro or the Ctn this Conteft. The Complainants have doubtlefs exa^erated the Faftsj the Articles againft him, but it was not likely that a wife i «qual Adminiftration would have produced fuch a geneii Averfion to his Government, that in a few Months Tij they were fo exafperated againft him as to attempt his Lii for as he rode in the Highway near Mr. Otto Byar's Planj tion, he was fliot at by Sandy a Negro of that Planter's, of a Piece of Canes, and grievoufly, though not mortal wounded, and himfelf charged Mr. Jacob Morgan one| the Affembly and others, as he fays, of that Body, withhiri a Soldier to flioot him, Barry Tankard^ Efq; a Frit of Mr. Codringtott, fent him a Challenge to fight him I fome infufFerable Provocation, but his Dignity forbad hiisl defcend to fuch Inequality ,and to match his Excellency with ( Rank of a Gentleman only. Thefe and many fuch Inflan of the Peril his Condudt had broug^c him into, he deli .... 5 ' • thin' I on that they «ainft him; Men of the ufe of Barrj 7*/je Hijlory of Antego. ^ himfclf fccure from sll Violence, by the Commif- L'ijjon he brought from England. He was armtd^ fays his lujjjofianj with the ^een^s Commijfton, and cloathed with \)iRiy(ilAuthcrity'^ which had he ufed for the Good of her he Marfhal'sRKubjeas ought to have made his Perfon facred, and in fuch '^* Xe't^°"'^ ^*^* ^^ ^° thought J and tho* he behaved xherwirC) ^ is well known to all that knew the Truth of jFa^t, yet the killing him is lefs judiBable than the Meafurcs (e took tc defcrve it, as was too often faid by the moil con- irable Men in the Country, who had no Concern in the \(}(m wherein he was killed. , But as no Man can deferve aih who is not (o adjudged by Law, the tragical End of j|. Park remains among thofc Events that were neceflary the Intention, but criminal in the Execution. The get- (is him removed by all fair and legal Means was neceflary, ■It the killing him was criminal, tho* attended with fuch brcumftances, that the Qiieen thought fit to prevent the litling of more Blood, by a Pardon for thofe that fpilt thisi I Tis impolTiblc to bring a tenth Part of the Matter con- jined in three or four Volumes, publidied on one Side the other, on the Subjed of Col. Park's Condudt, fctbin the Compafs of my Work. Therefore I mufl: only Verve, that his Adminiftrai n was fo intolerable to the theraod greater Part of the inhabitants of Antego^ that in {tie more than a Year, they refolved to fend an Agent to /, on Purpofe to fet forth their Grievances in the faid Ji'ri's Government and procure Redrefs. They alio wrote \Mard Carvy Efq; Merchant in London, their ftated A- nt, to be ailffting to their Sollicitor Mr. ff^tlliam^ Nevin^ I to enable Nrjin to make the Voyage and negotiate this a large Sum of Money was raifed to defray his pence, by the Party who figned the Articles and Petition [inft Governor Park^ who knew well what was doing ; I yet, even by the Account of his own Hiftorian, abated hing of his arbitrary overbearing Behaviour towards the nbly and the Party that adhered to them, which he knew be the moft fubftantial Intereft in the IQand ; and as if his Ithority was really originally royal, always inrerpoied his \tiat'm as the Sovereignty itfelf He encroached od the valuable Branches of the Aflembly's Privileges, and that Body the Reprefentatives of the People with the ^jy,fuch as it was then in Antego, which probably was the afion that his Hiflorian tells us, Mr. Perry Surveyor of iCuftoms remembered the Governor of Charles the Ill's bpment, and the Catjftrophe that followed i:. c Time with Tankard^ and aour, as hitti- Irs. Tankari'i sned her, th« Affembly '•' svcrnor to call Invafion. Hi \ ufual for Go vilh vail Sun * dangerous foil ; to go abro ilted : That hj Night privatelj jealous of th] : the Articles! g at large in n the Extent le Namcoftli 3 much under! )f thofe oi\wh ro or the Cm V z The 211 1 k •I m \ % r * V • Ht*l| M r l''M% •If;;'-' «{■• V I \ 's5'j'. ii^i I .1''-' '«■■■■■■ •! V- V ■*■■'' I '■'Itt'H'.H InPi^^Bii m"' ^Hl mmw I i3.. 212 77je Hijlory of Antcgo. The Indifcrotion of Col. Park^ as well as the Impetuodt* of his natural Temper, are apparent in his expofing the HoJ nour of the Crown, by fetting himfelf up againft the wholJ Iflaorf he was fent to govern i not to flatter his Pride and Vanity, by clothing himfelf on all Occafions with the At\ thority Royal: His Hiftorian is fo frank as to name the chi-- Perfons which his haughty and irregular Condud provokcu td be on their Guard againft it, by inciting the main Body i the People in Defence of their Liberticii and Privileges as Col. Chrijiopher Codrlngton, late General. Bnrry Tankard^ Efq; ff^tlliam Thmas, Efq; ' Edward Perry, Efqj Rev. Mr. James Field. Samuel ^atiinSf ECq; Chief ]u{{ke. Nathaniel Crump, Efqj Speaker of the Aflcffiblyj Dr. Daniel Mackennen. ' The whole Aflembly, one only excepted. IVilUam Hamilton Efq; John Gamble, Efq; Capt. John Pi^ott, Capt. John Painter. Thomas PyHliamSy Efqj Jril, Cochran, Efqj Mr. Jacob Morgan, Mr. John Tomlinfin, Mr. Ifaac Horfefoot. Mr. Samuel Philips, Mr. John Frye. Mr. John Kerr, Mr. William P earn, Mr. John Elliot. Mr. Edw. Chefter^ Merchant. Mr. ^ames Baxter. Mr. William Glanville. Mr. Samuel Frye. Francis Car lip, Elqj ' Principal Planters and Merchants. John Otto Byar, Efq; 'Thomas Kerby, Efq; Mr. Thomas Trant. Mr. John Burton. Mr. William Osborn, Mr. Bapti/l Looby, Mr, John King. Mr. Jo/eph Jdams, Mr. Richard Smith. Mr. Bartholomew Sanderfon. Mr. Richard Sheerwood. ^ Mr. Charles Dunbar. Mr. William Fenton. Mr. Mark Monk. Mr. John EnMeld. Mr. Samuel meares. Mr. Ob. Bradjhaw. Mr. John Codner. Mr, Edward Hornf. Mr. William Granthm, Mr. ^mbrofe York, T l^e Hijlory of Antcgo. Ithefc and a Hundred more fuch Names the Hiftorian prinH. to b^ revenged of them for their oppofing Colonel Ytrk in whofe Defence he fought ftoutiy and receivetl jljijje' Wounds in the Adlion, which thro' all his Book lie calls a Rthcllhn. If that Writer had had the Judg- iflfft, Experience and Talent of Jeremiah Dumm.r, Efq; fate Agent for New-England^ he would have forborn much [of his Bitternefs both in Thought and Expreflion. Mr. ^nmr in a Difcourfe, add reded to the Lord Carteret then Seaetary of State, fpeaking of ill Governors fays, Ifuppofe \i\\h Rffpf^ *o Mr. Park'j Fury and Fute, othf>r Governors, mt fallen yiSftmi on the Spot^ not to the Fury of a Fadlion fl Rabble, hut to the Rejentment of the whole Body of tht ijfk ri/wg as one Man to revenge their PVrongs. Mr. Dum- \ Difcourfe of ill Governor's will be better relilhed in ^^^herican Colonies than at Home, and being of very eat Importance to all Pcrfons therein concerned, I (liall ve it I'irbatim. ' It is a general received Opinion, that the People in the Plantation have an Intereft diftindt from that of the Crown, when it is fuppofed at the fame Time, that the Intereft of the Governors, they being the King's Repre/entatives, is one with the Crown, and from thefe Premiflcs it is concluded, there can't be too much Power given to the Governors, or too little to the People: Whereas, with humble Submilfion, I conceive this to be a very wrong Judgment, and that the Reverfe of it is true. The only Intereft of the People is to thrive and flourifli in their Trade, which is the true Intereft of the Crown and Nation, becaufe they reap the Profit of it. When on the other Hand, the View that Governors generally have is private Gain, which being too often acquired by difcouraging and opprefling Trade, it is not only an Intereft dirtindt from that of the Crown, but extremely prejudicial to it. The proper Nurfery for that Plant is a free Government, where the Laws are facred. Property fecure, and Juftice not only impartially but ex- peditioully adminiftered.' This willferve at Home as well Abroad. ' That Governors are apt to abufe their Power, and grow Inch by Oppreflion, Experience fh^ws us. We have feen not many Years fince, fome Governors feized by their in- iued People and fent to England-, others huve fallen Vic- itns, i^c. as before. Indeed it can J)ardly be expected but jthefe Corruptions muft happen, when one confiders that few Governors Will crofs the Seas for a Government, whole Cir-* umilaaces are not a little ftreight at Home, and that they P 3 ^ kn©^ •»J :f: w ■I , '' f «'«' I'I ■4' m ■V'X W€A 1 i'".iit>!:'" i ■v, 'J' If ' ! 1^ ir M 1 14 7he Hl/Iory of Antcgo. * know by how light and uncertain a Tenure they hold the , * CommilTions, from whence they wifely conclude, th« noi * Time is to be lolt, i^c' And as Luft of Power often patJ them upon Adts of OpprcflTion as well as that of Lucre, thcl latter fcems to be the Rock on which Governor Park fplit. I Col. Parit in his Anfwer to the Articles againft him, andl his Hiftorian every where in his Apology for him, fcrecn aljl his Actions with the Royal Prerogative^ of which they faJ pofe him to have been in as full Poffeflton as Queen Annt hcr| felf. This is the grand Air he gave himfelf on all Occifions i to oppolc him by Complaint was Sedition^ and by Rdiftancj Rebellioti ; for which his Hiftorian would have had ihc bell Men in the Country hanged ; and Mr. Douglas^ who came ti this Government after him, when he found the InhabitaniJ preferred Mr. Hamilton to him in their AfFe^ionahdEfteenil talked of Rebellion, Re! els and the Gallows, as Col. P<^,[ and his Adherents had done, a Way of thinking and Ipcakinj equally infolent and imixjlitick. The Authority Royals andthJ Prerogative of the Crown, are guarded in France from a| Approach, as was the San£fum Sanitorum of the Jewi ; bu fo great is that defpotick Government's Care of their Colo nies, on which their Commerce fo much depends, that thei will not fuffer their Governors to infult and opprels thej Fellow Subjeds, under the Pretence of the Prercgat'm the Crown or the Royal Authority^ as will plainly appear bytb following Hiflory, About the Time of Mr. Park's being made General the Leeward IJlands, Monfieur Philippeaux^ a Minifter bin felf, or nearly related to a great Minifter in France, was G^ neri'.l of Martinique and the French Sugar lilands ; and beiij in Difgrace at Home, fo highly refcnted his being fent totlj Charibbees, tho' as General, that he took it for a Sort! Banifhment, and formed a Projed to caft off the Dep dency of thefe Idands on the Crown of France, and to ere a Republican Government on the Plan of that of Vm\ the worft he could have pitched upon. He had prepared 1 chief Inhabitants for it ; but his Death, which happened without fomeSufpicionof foul Play frotp aPhyfician fentfrol France, prevented it : This Proje6t was faid to be found amol his Papers, and my Autjior pretends to have feen the Headsl it. He had not been dead long before the Inhabitants I Martinique broke out into open Rebellion, feized on th^ General and Intendant, and by Force fent them boih France. See the reft in the Words of my Author, ' ' the Court thought proper to overlook it with as good! [ Countenance as it could, for tho' it declared them Rm The Hijlory of Antego. ( ifld obtiined Orders from the Britijh Court and others not < to relieve or JSAi them/ yet their PuniHimcnc was winked I Tnt tilling Mr. Park was a horrid Crime, but 'tis plain Itf tem^ccd his Fate, by daring the Power of a Number of (jefperatc Men, who were determined to do by him as the fftn(h had done by the Governor of Martiniqu^^ and fend him Home by Force firicc he woufi not go without it: But the Endeavour of Mr. Douglas and others to have the Chief lufticc IVatkiHs and Dr. Mackennen, a Member of the Council, hanged for Rebellion againft Mr. Park, fhcws they I yiiere to learn Juftice, Politicks, and Moderation, even of their Neighbours the French. this cannot juftly be termed a Digredion, (ince it has fo near Relation to the Tragedy that was a£ted at Jntego in the I Death of the Governor. I find all his Exorbitancies were much extenuated by his I great Pretences to Zeal for his delegated Prerogative^ and re- fyfing the Ajfemhly their old Cuftom, to have all their Adls Lnedby their Speaker after the Governor had figned them, which Mr. Park called a Negative Voice; and tho* tiiis jeeming to be aflfeded only, to difguife his own obftinate imperious Humour, with a Pretence of his Concern for the Rights of the Crown; yet he and his Creatures from thence tooic Occafion to call all that thought otherwife faSfious^ and leven rebellious. Having mentioned the Perfons that compofed the Council^ |l (hall here infert the then Aflembly of Antego. 215 \hch. Oliver^ E(b; Speaker. VilliamGrear, Efr;; iPaynter, Efij; yillim Peara^ Efq; yaiiam Byanty Efq; hfttJlLooby^ Efqj John Brett y Efq; yeremiah Blizara, Efq; Jf^/liam Thomasy Efq; Edward Perry, Efq; Francis Rogers, E(q; Samuel Phiiips, Efq; There could not be many Alterations in this Lift afterwards, ^onfidering that during Col. Park's ihort Government, he for hear a Year of it had no Aflembly; the Truth is, that the Un- afincfs the People were in on Account of their Difgufl with i Government, hindered a due Application to the Difpatch bf allpublick Affairs; Jealoufie, and Diflurbances were every phcre prevalent, the Country Party were perpetually com- blaining of the Governor's browbeating, infulting and me- nacing; the latter conceived Hopes by the Dilatorinefs of Mr. min'i Negotiation, andeave out that the Governor would be I hard in England for all his Opponents i but they were mif- P 4 taken. ■*i ' ^ u ■1. .' ' i* - :>' ' . i 1 .1 i.i n m -»- P'i: 2 16 • The Hiflory cf Antego. - taken, for Mr. Nmn returned^ and brought theQuedh-s Later, dirc^ing that the Witheflcs fhould be cxftmined, to prove the Allegations in the Articles tgtinft Mr. Pitrk, and his Anfwers to them. The Complainants not doubling of their making good their Complaints by Evidence, rejoiced extremely at Nevin\ Succefs in England^ ^nd the People grew fo mutinous upon it, that the Governor did not think He to appear at the examining his Wifticifes, for Fear of the Effeds of their Animofity and Refentmcnt : Ytt hfe in no- thing condcfcendcd to bring them into a bectdr Tetrtpcr, the Riyal Prerogative oi which he was fo chary, thatfefc would not fufFer the Affembly to breath upon it, was in all his Speeches and Writings, and juftified in his Senic of it the worft Things laid to his Charge. There was no Exception to the Behaviour of the Complainants as to Loyalty and Af- fedion to her Majefty's Perfon iind Government, except what relates to the rafli and imperious Behaviour of this Go- vemor, and her Majelty*s re-calling him is a Proof of her difapproving it. The Depofitions concerning the Articles and Anfwers were fworn before Edward Byam, Efq; one of I the Council, and Nathaniel Grumpy Efqj Speaker of the AC fembly of Antego^ and were ordered to be fealed with the Broad Seal of the Ifland, and tranfmitted to England at the fame Time j but fome Difficulty ariling on the Governor's! Part, he refufed to feal the Affidavits to the CoraplainantsI Articles, aiiisdging his own were not ready, occaiioned bn the Delay of the Jufticcs that took the Affidavits. So thej Complainants fealed them with great Care and Formalityl with another Seal, and gave them to their Ag^nt to carry toj , England. But the Governor miffing the Opportunity of returning thither by the Ship that then offered for his Con* vcyance, atid tbey miflrufting he intended not to remove a he was direded, it made them defperate, and they lodta upon him as a Governor ^^r Force^ and not regularly pofiefs'tj of her Majefty's Comraiffion, by his keeping it, and ftaying upon the liland after his bemg re-called, or t«o ufe his dwn Hiflorian's Pbrafe, dire£ied to come by the firji Man of Wi^ hound from Antego to England. This Management could no but alarm and irritate the Inhabitants, and in that Difpofitio they doubttefs put the worfl ConflrudicMi on every Thing I did or faid. He was fenfible of the Danger he was in, bul the Pride of his Heart could not fubmit to healing and paj eifkk Counfcls. A fmall Portion of Difcrctwn and Mode ;;Ation would have induced him to have tempori^Led withtb People's Impatience, and have tretted their Diftemper rathe With Lenitives thiin iniismmtvotx^^i k> he coiitintKd in tli ,..,.- . ddightfil ^k Hifiory df Antego. ^elighthil Ettrcifc of A6ts of Power, till the Inhkbifantl Icokiiig upon him as a Kind of Ufurper^ by flaying with thcta jfter he was ord«red Home, they rcfolved to compel him to obey tbefe Orders, or to quit the Government. HcdilTolved the AiVembly, but shey continued fitting, in jn Opinion that the Governor being re-called, his Proceed- ings were invalid, and it was their Duty to take Care of the Safety and Peace of the llland, when it was threatened with ifrtnch Invafion j upon which the Governor thought con- venient to authorife their Meeting by a new Summons, or fain^oning a new Afferably of the fame Pcrfons, who came tc«ether with the fame Diipotitions and Refentments as when be parted with them ^ and he knew very well that they would iiifift on their Speaker's figning all Bills which they (liould ails, as had been the Cuftom, to Ihcvv tlieir Affent to them, aj, the Governor's figning fignified the AlFentof himfelf and Council^ oratleaft hisown AlTent including alfo the Council. This he called the ntgative f^oice, the /Authority Roya/y the Prop and Pillar of all French Laws, the Rights of the Britiik ^r«w», which the Afiembly had no more Inclination than tbey had Power tp infringe. Hoping to make a Merit of his ratifying his Lull of Power by a Zeal for that of the Sove-. ffigny he not only declared his Refolution to perfifl in fcfu- Hflgthem that Privilege, but alfo that of appointing their ownClerk. He and his Council being met in the Court' linife at St. John's, the Aflcmbly went thither attended bf iNumber of Tpwnfmen «nd Planters, which his Hiftorian jeims an unruly Mob^ and fome high Words palt between tbcra; upon which one IVorthington a Lieutenant of the re- |ular Troops then in Qarriibn there, haftened to ^z Guard' Hwfe^ and fetched a Party of Grenadiers led i by a Serjeant which he brought to the Court-Houfe. The Ajfembly tcrri- by the Appearance of the Soldiers, left the Place atid ad^ iroed themielve^. This Innovation could not but fliii more ovoke and even enrage the People, who faw their Laws Liberties were trampled under Foot, and the Army, as ey pbrafjsd it^ were made Ufe of to tv;e the Reprefintativesi he Members of the Ajfembly in this Alarm gave Notice to ir Elcdtbrs of the Peril tbey thought themfelves in. Let now copy Governor Pnrk\ Hiflorian. ' That Night and the next Day was fpent in iummoning the Inhabirants in Gol. Edvjitrd Byatn^ Name, to come armed to Towfti the Thurfday following to protect their Reprefentativcs ; but whether Gol. Byofn ilFued otit fuch a Summons or no, he can btft tell ; but *tis certain he was acquainted there- with, and never contradinScd k ; and when they were af- ' fembled 2I7> it- . fff* I i^- 1 'i^ -^ ■ ■;';;.^'-!'^.jkj'. .' "■•;"l . • -Vt '•■■'§ ::^'-'ftii ' 'l. ■■'S^. -a ifci.V, V y ■ ■ ' ' .' , T. i !.,i,ft iir'-'ii/ts;'. m ■'' ' ^i'. ;. 1- h\ i. ■ ! M: ; i'( I'; f H jt 1 8 'Jle Htftory of \t\ tega. * fembled together at St. John\ never once offered to un- * deceive them, or defired them to difperfe, though it is very * probable that he whofc Name had Influence enough to * bring them together, might eafily perfuade them to de- * part.* Park's Hiftorian charges Colonel Chry}op}3er Cod- rington with being the firft that fpirited the People againft bim, and he owns Mr. Codrington to be poflfeffed of a greater Inrereft in the Ifland than i oo others of the moft leading Planters ; and here he infmuates at leaft a Charge againft Colonel Byam^ the moft difcreet and popular Man k> the Lieward'IJlands, with countenanccing of the Infur. redtions which proved fo fatal to his Party. Let the Reader judge whether it is Hkely that this Governor (hould be the beji in all the Britijh Colonies, wbofe Government provoked two Men of the beft Heads and beft Fortunes in the Britijh Amtrkay to come to fuch Extremity againft him, I am not ignorant that Tome Years after Mr. Codringtsn'i good Head was difordered, but I have not heard it fo was when Mr. Pari came firft to Antego. The Hiftorian owns the Jffembly gave out that the Generars Life was not at all j mmed at^ that they defigned to take bim Prifoner^ and (mi\ him off the IJland. On Thurfday the 7th of December^ 1710. early in the Morning, three or four hundred Men appeared armed in the Town of St. John'Sy where Colonel Park had been making Provifion for Refiftance if they offered to attack him. He| got all the Soldiers tliat were in the Town to his Houfe un- der Captain Nevin, Lieutenant fVorthington^ and Enfignl Lynden^ He had alfo there with them Mr. P ember ^ whom he bad 'thadc Attorney-General ; Mr. Galeiuood, whom he bad made a Juftice of Peace, Mr. Jyon^ whom he had made) Provoft Marflial, both obnoxious to the Inhabitants : Mr, French, Author of this Hiftory, who could not think much| to hazard his Reputation for him after he hazarded his Life; Mr. Rofengrave and three others, whom Mr. /r^«f/> callsl Gentlemen. He fent Mr. Ayon with a Proclamation to bel read to the People to difperfe immediately, it was eafy tol fbrefee that fuch a Proclamation was IVaJie-Paper. Am was not very civilly uled by them, they let him knowtheiiT Strength, then about 500 Men well armed, that theydidj not value the Governor's Army, and were refolved to fell him, and fend him Prifoner ojfF the Iftand. Howevet td prevent the EfFufion of Blood, they fent their Demands tol him by Nathaniel Crump, Efq- Speaker of the AflemblyJ and Gecrge Gamble, Efqj one of the Council, That hejhoull dijcharge his Guards and quit tht Government. His Anfwei! • wd h ^ 'J. The Hijlory of Antego. ^vas, I'hat neither Threats nor Death Jhould make htm do it ; his alledging that the Qiieen had intrujled him with it was very unieafonable, becaufe that Trufl: was vacated by his being ordered Home 9 and though while he flayed on the Ifland for want of Opportunity to Ih p himfelf for England^ be was ftill lawful Governor and in very great Truft ; yet he did not feem to be in that Situation after he had negleded an Opportunity that offered for him to obey the Orders he had to return. He bid the Aflembly fit at Parham, feven Miles from St. Jehn\ if they were afraid of the Soldiers, and faid he would pafs what Laws they made for the publick Good, as alfo that he would difmifs his Soldiers if fix of the principal Inhabitants would remain with him as Hoftages. Mr. Gamble, and Mr. Crump, offered to be two of the Hoftages, and faid they would endeavour to fetch four more, for the Governor's Propofal feemcd to them preferable to Hoftilities, as it did to many of the People there in Arms, who laid them down j but the much greater Part fufpeded the Execution of any Agreement that fliould be made with hiiD, and fearing Delay might tempt more to drop off from them, they refolved to fecure the Governor's Perfon, and marched in two Parties to his Houfe, the one commanded by Captain John Piggot, the other by Captain fohn Painter, ^ rich Planter and a Member of the Affembly, and in thefe twoDivifions were all the Affembly Men as the Governpr's Hiftorian acknowledges. The Governor had pofted an Out-guard at Church-hilly an Eminence that commanded his Houfe, but bis Guard deferted that Fort, and the Houfe was furrounded by Piggefs and Painter^s Men ; the Serjeant and Soldiers pofted at Church-hill were of Captain Rokesby's Company, in Colonel Jones's Regiment j Captain Rokeshy refufed to head them himfelf as the Governor commanded, and forbid his Men at their Peril to fir;e or oppofe the Country, of which Party Colonel J one! had declared himfelf on feveral folemn Occafions. Both of the Divifions making a brisk Fire on the Houfe, thofe within it returned it as briskly, but Numbers Toon prevailing, the Affailants broke i into the Houfe, and French writes that Captain Piggot fell by the Hands of the Governor ; but it was the general Re- port and Belief of the Inhabitants, that Jyon the Provoft Marlhal came behind him and (hot him in the Back. Go- vernor Park received a Shot in his Thigh which dilabled him, and he fell into the Hands of the enraged and armed People ', many of his Soldiers were killed, as were feveral of his Followers and Creatures. Ic is not agreed by the Writ- ers oa both Sides, which it was that fired firft, neither Side 2Ijf *ii!Mi- .». .15J ■•i %■ \ii ;;.fcib \-^\'- ■ -i , >J''f:.'J-'. * . : *■ ■■' ■■■■■'■I I .: ft. [i ■'-- m-m"^'- 'if: •■:'*■ .a '•»■ m4 '' i'ltii;'' -Hi vrM^ ■■'■'■ ,1. 1 \.rU>yr * "d:i V.' ' i20 *■ M i ^:if ■ii: Tibe liijlory of Antego. is willing to take it on themfelvesj becaufe nothing could cxcufc the fiting on either Side but Stif-defence» French^ Ac- count of the barbarous Treatment of the Governor's wound- try Intereft, and thofe for the other lOands in much ths lame Way of thinking, which did not anfwer the Expecta- tions of the opipofite Party. Nay, the Council of that Illand drew up an Addrefs, which Mr. French complains pal- liated snd excufed the Proceedings agaia{b Park^ which not contenting the Adherents of the Deceafed, they (igned another, for which they met privately, and told the Queen, their Lives are info much Danger^ that they dare not trujh the Acquaintanct of their Mufing even with thiir Frie^i. * Thefe Addrcflers were, I Col. John Hamilton^ and he rcfufed to fign the Council's Addwfs. 7 i-i -'ft. • i ■■kr , mm i 14. 11!,! ■'■ :■•'.' ,'1^1- ■ ): I ^2 Ffiii m iSll 3^ a &^. Matthews, Efq; Richard Buckeridge, Survey- or of the Cuftoms. Mr. 7oA» Brett, Mr. -^<7f iJtfytf/. 7*y&^ Hijiory of Antego. Mr. John IViekham'. Mr. iferemiah BltTUird, Mr. John Roe. < Mr, C«c/tfr Rodeway, Mr. 7fl/&» Hadder, Mr. Thomas turner. Walter Douglas, ^fliChief C»vtrnor» The Addrefs of the Council and this fecret one fliews how the People here endeavoured to keep up Divifion and Animofity even after the chief Caufe of both were removed- and as this perpetual jangling mull needs be perpetually trou! blefom . to them, fo it cannot be pleafant to Readers to meet with nothing but Affirmatives and Negatives took from one to the other, to the Hinderance of all other Bufmefs for feveral Years fucceffively. I ihall therefore conclude with obferving, that Mr. IValter Hamilton was fucceeded in this Government by Walter Douglasy Efq; who fufpended i/c, milton from the Exercifeof all Offices. For it was then thought by many he would have proceeded to this Sufpenfion foon after his Arrival j but he found the Pf 'ty of Hamilton fup. ported by that againft the late Governor's fo powerful, that he was at firft afraid of venturing on (b bold a Mea- fure ; but being at lafl: provoked to it by fome Difregard which he imagined Mr. Hamilton had (hewn to himfelf took Heart and turned Hamilton out of all Offices, the Effedts of which he felt foon after in an Oppofition and Profecution that ended only in the End of his Government alfo. For Mr. Hamilton going to England to manage his Affiiirs, Mr. Douglas turned his Adivity againft the Gentlemen who had complained againil Colonel Pari, and iffiied out his Warrant to feize the late Chief Juftice IVatkins and Dr. Mackemen^ notwithftanding the Proclamation of Pardon fent from Eng' land for former Crimes, under Pretence of another intend- ed Rebellion j but JVatkins and Mackennen got (afe to Eng' land, as did alfo Edward Kirby, Efqj where they were apprehended and committed to Prifon on the Informations that were fcnt againft them ; but the Proceedings in England were not fo rafh as thofe in Antego. Let their Crime be what it would, the Proclamation before-mentioned having cleared them of it, and they pleading it accordingly, were difcharged without a Trial -, but Douglas's Warrant to feize them, which drove them off the Ifland, was -one of the Articles the Inhabitants figned and fent home againft him. Mr. Henry Enfign Henry Smith lay in Newgate feveral Months for Re- ^HeTani ^^^^'°"a ^* *' was termed, againft Colonel Pwerful, that told a Mea> ne Difregard I to himfelf, the EfFeds 7^^ Hijlory of Antego. T,aw Phrafdkwas making War on the Queen, but whatever it was, the Jury brought him in Not Guilty ; and this Jury ^2s as creditable a one as could be pitched upon by the (iheriii^ of London and MiddUJex, 42J Profecution nt alfo. For Affairs, Mr. nen who had t his Warrant ■. Mackenmrty It from Eng' other intend- t fiife to En^' e they were Information! igs in England leir Crime be liioned having ■dingly, were rant to feize ,S'one of the |e againft him. mths for Re- \rky which in Law Sir l7)omas Hahon. Jilexander VUfield^ Efq; hilt^h Ivry^ Efq; Richard Brown, Efq; j/latthew Holworthy, Efqj danitl Dolins^ Efq; Alexander Ward, Efq; William Northey, Elq; John Elxvlcky E(q; Henry Emnuj Eiq; John Furnefs, Gent, James Williar^fon, Gent. Enfpt Smith'* In the mean Time Governor Douglas becam: almoft as un- grateful to the Country Party, as Governor Park had been, as appeared by the Behaviour of the Inhabitants on the Re- joicing-Day for the Utrecht Peace. Mr. French writes, tb^n ^mq Riot little ^ort of a Rebellion at St. John^s by Francis Carlijle, Efq; Mr. Jacob Morgan, Mr. John Gunthorp^ Ut. Andrew Murray, a noted Merchant and others, who be- ing at a Tavern, went to the Governor's Houfe in a Body I ^f 50 or 60 Perfons, calling out for the P^/**s Head Boys. Thefc Pope's Head Boys were a certain Divifion of the Ifland, inhabited by a boifterous Sort of People who delighted in Buftle and Broils. General Doughs had now been infulted I by them notwithftanding his Gu^^ds, had they not been - difluaded from it by Mt. William Hamilton, a leading Man of the Affembiy, whom the General ordered to bs taken up for Colonel Park's Bufmefs, and was lately bailed. Complaints were fent Home againft General Douglas^ and I the late General Hamilton, who feconded the Endeavours ^.»'f^' Hai of the Complainants for his Removal; at laft prevailed foJJ^X '** far as to be reflored to his Government of the Leeward- ]}fmds. John Teamans, Efq; ww removed from being Lieutenant Governor of this Ifland, and Colonel Edward \hpm put in his Place. The General being returned to Unttgo in 1 7 15. removed Mr. Teamans from the Bench as Chief Juftice, and put in his Place John G amble y Efq; who (ays Mr. French could fcarce write his Name. He gave \Damtl Mackennen, Efq; a Seat at the Council-Board, and i the fame by Nathaniel Crump, Efq; late Speaker of I the Affembiy. The Court and Affembiy paft an Ad for 1000/. a Year for the General's Houfe Rent. Governors jof Colonies being forbidden by their laJiruSiions to receive [any Prefents or Gratuities, ftated Perquifitv. ^' being not fo Idcemed, and Houfe Rent of 1 000 /. a Year, where there [is not a Houfe to be had worth a 2oih Part of the Money, '' ' 'in 'i^'il ^24 IS, i l%e Hijhry of Antego. it r-ems no Gratuity nor Prefent. Before Col, DougUi was removed from this Government, lie received Orders from the Queen to fiee the Ad of the (>th of her Re -n concerning the Coin, put in Execution thro' ail the Letuurd IJlands^ where indeed every Thing ran into Confufion i* might well happen under fuch Changes of Governors. The Currency of Species according to that Adt is men. tioned in the Article of Jamaica^ to 1 fhall here only touch on the Deviation from that Law, by the Pradtice of the Anun Money Jobbers. The Currency here had been according to the Ad, till about che Time of Mr. Hamilton's being turned out of this Government, for the greater Pieces of Money but Biti and half Bits^ Sevenpenny Halfpenny Pieces, pad ib as they bad always done in marketing and retailing but in the Letward I (lands a very great Difregard to the Law of Queen Anne happened in 1715, which will come more properly in the Article of St. Chri/iopher\ There was no Grievance more complained of by the Tra- ders of Antego, thafi the Difficulty of recovering Debts, by 1 Want of good Laws for it, and a due Execution, as appears by the following Memorial or Petition of the Merchanij Fadors, ^c Dfficieney in ^our Petitioners being dif':hied by the ill Complia:'(t A the lutwfer Debtor s to anfxver their Correfpondents Expe£fations at Hotni \ in making their Returns according to their refpe£live PromijiA and Compass, are, witaout any Fault of their own, not M fufpe£fed sf Injujiice, but wow.ded in their Reputations, uponl Suppojition, that they are paid here hy the Perfons who dealum ihenty and that your Petitioners detain their Effects, or that at\ leajh, they are highly to be blamed for not profecuting their Dtkm at Law^ and by that Means enable them/elves to make bitm and more punctual Remittances, and are deprived of mak'm or ihtproving their own private Fortunes^ the Proceedings all Law being fo very dilatory, b'r. For which Reafons tl pray, that an Ad may pafs for the more fpeedy Recovery oil Debts, and the Petition was (igncd by Dtlftt. yames Nisbet, . Robert Joyce. .Barth. Banderfon. fohn Barnes. Edward Chejier. Math, Bermingham% Chrijiopher Stoodiy. John Roach. Samuel Prtfltri John Barbotan, John Bcurk/f, Andrew Murray* yohn Sweetenham» John Cornkes. Charles Dunbar, Thomas TranL John Brat, li'illiam GlanvilU* le '■ 'i^., Udvim i* 1 Tlje Hiflory of AnXcgo, 225 EtkbardChe/ier, Junior* Hopefor BendalL Js(ft)h Adims . Jaco b 7 hibcu. jllihard Sherwood. Thomas DoUman, johnRofe. •' PatjyejK Mames which argue a flourifliing Trade at that Time in An- ffgo, and I thought the inferting of this Petition the more proper, becaufc the Complaint in it may ferve for the other Siigir Colonies as well as this. And indeed the general Prac* ticc of the Law there, as well as at Hone, is fo tedious and expcniive, that it is one of the grer ...\ Difcouragements Trade lies under, and the Redrefs of this Grievance is too iTiUch in the Hands of thofe that occafion it. The Attorney General, Thumas Bretton^ Efq; had in 1711, drawn up an Adt for fettling Law Courts, which would in a good Meafure have remedied this Evil. The Council and Allcmbly were fo pleafed with it, that they ordered him 100 fijiolcs^ palTing there for 28 5. feach, for drawing it, but they altered it (o much for the worfe in the paffing it, that a new Aft to regulate the Practice, efpecially in Executions became necelTary. Mr. Hamilton continued in this Government till the Year 1 72 1, when John Hart^ Efq; late Governor of ^^''yland, r^^^,^^^ was preferred to the Government of the Leeward Iflands. £/g"c?«vfr- By the Speeches to the Council and Aflembly here, we find '""'• a good Agreement between them all, which had been a rare Thing in this Ifland. The Aflembly made a Provilion for his Support, which feemed to be more than competent, by hisSenfeofir, and the Thanks he gave them. This Gentleman received Captain Vring and his difap- pointed Colony of St. Lucia with great Humanity, and took j particular Care of them and the Duke of Montagues Eflfeds which they brought from thence, for which good Work he [had the ready Afliftance of Col. Matthews Lieutenant [Governor. There being now no Contefl; between the Governors and I the governed here, there is nothing remarkable in the Events, and the People were at Leifure to follow Trade and planting, in which they were now only difturb^d by Hurricanes, very frequent and terrible in thefe Iflands. To this Governor fucceeded the Lord Londonderry ^ Son to Mr. Pitt^ diftin--^<"'^Lo:i- guilhcdby the Diamond he brought from the Ea/f-Indies^Q^^^^"^'^; which this Lord fold to the French King. He died in his Government of the Leeward Iflands, and was fucceeded by William Matthews^ Efij; who arrived at Antego^ Offober^'v'^y^irn 1733, and foon after prefented his additional Inflrudtion to^'^^'^'^' • Vol.11. Q the J. J ii;v, I ¥*'! ':f. if- |i' i*f. Wl:'^^^ •/■•■■^,;1 ym ! 7 -.k !., i MS •*t> ! -'PI Jill m .':■V■':*^ VM ••J III lib 8,1 226 ^he WJlory of Antego. the Council and Aflembly of that Ifland, and is as follows. Whertm it has been reprefetited to us, that thi: Salary of noo 1. Sterling per Ann. xvhich we have hitherto thought fit to olkvo out of the Duty of four and a half per Cent, arrtftng in our Leeward lihnds, for our Governor in Chief of thoje Ij^, ndi is not at prefent fujicient for his Support and the Dignity of that our Government^ we have taken the fame into our Confidera. tion, and are gracioufly pleafed to permit and allow, that the * rcfpe^livc Jfiembites of our faid Iflands may, by any A£l or Atls, fettle upon you fuch Sum or Sums, in Addition to your Sa- laryof 1200 /. per Ann. as they jhidl think proper ', and you are hereby allowed to give your Affnt to any A£i or A£ls of y^f, fcmbly to that Purpofe. Provided fuch Sum or Sums befettUi on you and your Succeffors in thai Government, at leafi on ycu during the whole Time of your Government there, and that tkt fame be done by the fir ft refpe£iive Affemblies of our faid IJlandi after your Arrival there. In Compliance with which the Council and AfiTembly fettled on him during the Time of his Goyernmcnt, 1 000 /. a Year Antego Currency. In the Chapter of St. Chri/Iopher's we have mentioned fome Proceedings of the Governor there relating to the Coin, which had been regulated by a Proclamation and an I Ad: of Parliament in Queen /fnne's Time, to afcertain the Currency in the Colonies. We have feen in the Article of St. Kit% how the Proclamation and the A£t of Parliament were there broke in upon, and here we fliall fee how they met with more Indignity and Contempt; for the Aflembly took upon them to declare, that Statute u/elefs and impraificahliA and paired an Adt of their own in thefe Words, It is hmlA ena£fed and ordered, that all Gold Coins of Great-Britain I fi)all be taken or paid at an Advance of 75 per Cent. m\ their refpe£five Sterling Values and not otherwlfe, and all fo- reign Gold fiifall be received or paid at the Rate of 3 Pence| Halfpenny per Grain. Be it alfo enaSled, that all Silver Coins whatfoever JImU h\ received or paid at the Rate of nine Shillings and three ?m\ per Ounce and not otherwife. But this Adt of Aflembly notl being likely to be confirmed in England, Governor Mm thews and the Council and Aflembly then fitting at ParhaA had another Contrivante to evade the Law for the Coin] Two Gentlemen of the Aflembly, brought to the Governon an hfirument of Writing, * purporting an Agreement an(f * Aflbciation to pay and receive Gold at three Pence HalfJ ' penny per Grain as in the intended Ad, which was readT \ publickly in Council, but not entered in the Minutes, an(j * thera ^he Hijlojy of Montfcirat." « there figned by the faid Governor and all prerenr, except * the Deputy Secretary who refufed to fign the fame. The < ^hole Bench of Lawyers who are moft of them, if not all, < of the Affenibly, f(X)n after agreed, not to take a Fee from < any Man that rcfufcd to receive the Gold at that Rate, but < 10 be concerned againft them, and have promifed to appear ' and defend the other Side gratis.* Since which a Piftolc full Weight, that h 104, paflcs at I /. 10 s. 4 d. that uCed to pafs for no more than 28 s. full Weight or over. Portugal Moidores that ufed to pafs for \2s. pafs ft>r +8 s. an Englijh Guinea that ufed to pafs for 53 s. now palles for 37 j. and other Pieces in Proportion. This illegal and exorbitant Rife brought the Exchange for 100 Sterling from 160 to 175 per Cent, MO Nr SE RRAT. Ilj •.■■'■'>-' Vi», Mlf" >l '„-', (i ', ■ it I!, 1 ■ ' 1 t I* 1 >1 !■* 1^ H E Spaniards gave this Ifland its Name, and called it '• (0 for the Refemblance it has to a Mountain in Catalonia^ not far from Barcelona, famous for a Chapel dedicated to the Bleflcd Virgin ; in greateft Reputation with the Roman Catholicks of any, t'^cept that of Loretto. The Englifl) have not thought fit to give it another Name, fince they were Mailers of it. It lies ini7 Degrees, North Latitude; is about 3 Leagues in Length, and almofl: as much ^ in Breadth, fo that it feems to be of a round Figure. It was difcovered by the Europeans at the fame Time with St. Chrt/iopher*Sy but no Settlement was made upon it till the Yean 6 3 2. At which Time Sir Thomas Warner^ firft Go- vernor of St. Chri/iopher\ procured a fmall Colony to fettle there, of the Subjeds of England-, for we cannot affure our felves they were Englijhmen^ this Ifland being generally looked on as an Irijh Colony. It had the fame Governors as St. Chri/lopher*s j but we I fuppofe they put in Deputy Governors, as has been the Prac- tice fince. We could not get a good Account of either the ge.ieral or particular Governors, and a bad one we would not {impofeupon the Reader. This Ifland flouriflied at firft more than Antego-^ but fince I the Lord fFtlhughiy'sTiraey the latter has got and kept the Q 2 " ' ftart ».;* ] ■■ it tM m vm I'm ' .^ ■'ivli.'.",il ( '1 . • i '.t. i 228 Wi- .■ I** J' : D.ivyrs of loi; 7*/'^' H///f their young Ones much I after the fame Manner as Govs are, and have two Teats with which they luckle them. TN?y uring forth two at a Time, which never leave the old otie dll they have no longer Need I of Milk, and can feed on the Grafs as Hie does. Two or three of thefc Lamantine^ load a Canoo. The I Meat or Flefli is of a Vermilion Colour; it eats fliort, and does not cloy or furfeit. The moft wholefom Way of cac- {ing it, is after it has lam in Salt two or three Days. Thefe Fill, are more commonly taken at the Entrance into Ifrelli Water Rivers than in the Sea. Some highly value cer^ Itain fmall Stones found in the Heads of thefe Monfters, as [having the Virtue when reduced to Powder to cure the IG ravel, and diflblve Stones bred in the Kidnies. But the |Rcmedy is violent, and not much to be depended on, fays Q 3 ^y '\f '^. •M' \ i*J, ¥^: ■^ ll^tf" i> ,1 I'-if ,mI 4 f ■ I . i' "^ ■ ■ < , •^ii • 1 1 I .ii; :|'M I. 230 ^be Htjlory of Montferrat. my Author, who perhaps has led me into an Error, in treat- ing of the Lamantine in this Place. However his Account of this Fifh pleafed mv Curiolity, and I hope will have the fame Effed on the Reaacrs. This Ifle produces every Thing that grows on the other Leeward Ijlands : As Sugar, Indigo, Ginger, Cotton, ^c, efpecially Indigo ; of which great Quantities ufed to be ex- ported from hence to England. The Sugar was not fo coarfe and black as the Antego^ nor fo fine as the Barbadoi and Jamaica. The Trade of this Place is the fame with that of the other Charibbee Iflands. *Twas fo much reforted 60 Years ago that the Inhabitants had built a very fair Church, by the Contribution of the Governor, Merchants and Planters. The Pulpit, the Seats, and all the Joiners and Carpenters Work within it were of the moft precious and fweetl'cented Wood that grew in the Country. There were then alfo 3 or 4006 Souls, EngUfl), Scots^ and Irijh ; and fince that the Number has rather encreafed than decreafed : For another good Church has been built, and the Ifland is now divided into two Parilhes , one of which only is fupplied by a Minifter at this Time. In King Charles II. efpecially in King James the lid's Reign, the IriJh Papifts drove a confiderable Commerce to this Place; where Mr. Terence Dermot^ afterwards Sir Terence Dermot^ and Lord Mayor of London when King James was at Dublin^ lived and got an Eliate ; as did alio Mr. Thomas Nugent, and other Roman Catholicks that were originally of Ireland. When Col. Codrington was made Governor of the Leeward IJlanhy Col. Blackjione was Go- ternof of Montferrat. In the Year 1692, there was a dreadful Earthquake at this, and indeed almolt all the Leeward Ijlands. The Inhabitants raifed a Regiment of 300 Men, to aflift General Codrin^m in his Expedition agalnft St. Chri/lopher^s : Which Regiment was commanded by Col, Blackjione. What they and the Other Soldiers did on this Occafion will be found in the Hi- ftories of Antego^ St. Cbrijhpher*^ and Nevis. . To Col. Blackjione fucceeded Col. Hill in the Government of this Iiland, who being fickly removed to England in the Mary Yatch, in the Year 1057, and landing at Milfori- Haven^ died at Pembroke, the 24th oi Auguji-^ who was his Succeffor we have not learned. Part of Col. Collingwood's Regiment of Foot, that wai| fent from England in the following Year, was quartered this Ifland, of which we can give no farther Account, The Hijlory ^/^ Montferrat. It was not fo fickly as the other Charibbee Iflands, and has cncreafed its People and Trade equally with any of them. The French did not attack it when they fell upon Nevis. As to the Number of the Inhabitants we can only make a Guefs ; for if they raifed 300 Men in i6po, we may fuppofe they did not fpare above one third Part of their whole Number; and granting they were then able to mufter 1000 fighting jien, there would not, by theufual Methods of Computation in Political Arithmetick, be lefs than between 4 and 5000 Men, Women, and Children ^ and to thofe may be added 8000 Negroes: For it is a poor Sugar-Ifland where ^he Blacks are not twice as many in Number as the Whites. I'he Ifland of Montjerrat, as one of the Le£ward JJlanis^ is Part of Col. Parkh Government j but he has a Deputy here, as well as in the other Ifles. The Names of the other Officers that have comfe to our Knowledge ihall be inferred in theufual Place. Lieutenant Governor, Anthony Hodgesy Efq; Thomas Lee^ Efq; "^ miliam Try^ Efq; John Dawleyy Efq; Jofeph Little J Efq; mil. Beddingfieldy Efq; George JIdilward, Efq; George Lyddeli Efq; Charles Matthew, E(q; William Broderick^ Efq; George Wicks, fifq; IVilliam Gterijh, Efq; Speaker of theAffembly, George Milward, Efq; Colonel of the Militia Regiment, Col Anthony Hodges » Chief Juftice, George Wicks, Efq; Judge of the Admiralty, Anthony Hodges, Efq; Secretary, Jonathan Warner, Efq; Commiffioner of the Cuftoms, William Geerijh, E(q; Provoft Marflial, Mr. William Martyn, Deputy. Minifter of the Church of England, the Rev. Mr. Wright. Not long after Col. Park^% Arrival at Antego, which he Ichofe for his Refidence, News came thither that the French Tat Martinico were preparing to make a Defcent on Montfer- jat ; upon which a Sloop belonging to Anthony Patch and Francis Monteyrgy yfis difpatchal away to that Ifland, with Q 4 Order* > Counfellors. 231 'i n . in « , u «l M ■m .1' 1 . ''"'ill . k ■ \^ E».'V ■ ■■■' H'^':f t< . W. It/ ! tl f {' T/^e Hi/Ion of Montferrat. Orders to the Lieutenant Governor Col. Anthony Hodges to be upon his Guard, and on thefirft Appearance of any Num. ber of VefTels making for that Ifland, to fend away imme, diately an Advice Boat with an Account of it, that the Men of War and the Reginient at Antego might be difpatchcd to the Alfiftance of Montferrat. This Sloop was taken by a French Privateer as fhe went out of the Harbour of St. John\ but it had this good Effed, that when the French came from Martinico and underftood by Col. Park's Letter to Col. Hodges^ that he was coming to his Relief with a Man of War and a Regiment of regular Forces, they precipitately left that Ifland- but about two Years after returned to it with a much greater Force, confiding of Several Men of War under Monfieur Coffart^ having on Board 3500 Men, and anchoring in Carh Bay, put them on Shore there. They foon made themfelves Matters of the whole Ifland, except Dodon Fort, which ftands on an inacceffible Hill, to which the Inhabitants fled with their beft Eff^eds that were portable. The French took and burnt all the Veflels in the Road, ex- cept the Speedivel Capt. George Mculton, who cut his Cables and made to N'evis. The French were 10 Days in Pofleffion of this liland, which they plundered and wafted at Pleafure, and then removed to Guardehupe to refrefli, when Mr. St. John Secretary of State heard of this Depredation, at a Time when the Duke of Ortmnd had refufcd to ad againft the French in Flanders^ and himfelf and the Minifl:ers in England were doing every Thing France could defire, the Secretary himfelf appeared fomewhat furprifed, but contented himfelf with faying. Had we thought Coflart was fent againji cur Sugar Ijlands^ we would have fent fuch a Squadron to guar A ihem^ as J})ould have chared thofe Seas of him^ or Words to that EflFed. I have not heard what Satisfadion, if any, was made the EngUfh Sufferers for their LoiTes by the Rapine of the French in this Ifland j and as I never met with any In- ftance of the French having efFedually made good the like Damage on the like Occafion, I fuppofe thefe Sufferers fared no better than others, notwithftanding the Plenipotcntaries at Utrecht confented to what the Britijh propofed for the Re- lief of their FelloWrSubjeds in this Ifland. Article Xl. Comm'iJJaries Jhall inquire ijtto the Damages laji Year in ik JJland of Montferrat ; comfortable News for thofe that fuf- tained it, which however was like to be made good by the Englifh themfelves, for the fame CommiiTaries were to bring in an Account of the Infringments made by the Englifh ia the Capitulation of Nevii^ by v^bich the French pretended to be very much injured. One I Jhe Htftory of Montferrat. One may fufpedt, that the Inhabitants of Montferrat \Ntx^ not fo fond of Col. P/jr-^'s Government towards the Clofe of jj as when he had not been long in it ; for not only the Maf- [jfs of Ships in the Harbour of Antego^ but the Council and Aflembly of this Jfland, . drew up and figned Addrefles in PraiTe of him. The Matters of Ships hearing of certain Ccm- I plaints againft hin^ in refpedt of Trade, fa;' in their Addrcfs, iki'tn thejiri£ieji Enquiries and Objervatims they could make^ ^mrnor Park had exerted his Power to the utniojt, in protest^ \^ their Rijrhts and Liberties^ of which they muft needs be I excellent Judges, by their extraordinary Capacities, and their ving fo little in the Ifland. The Council and AiTembly of imtferrat addrefs the Queen's Majefty, and aflure her. hm^ nru) not any one A£fion of Governor Park'x fmce his to the Government^ which deferves Complaint, The lOentiemen lumping the Matter and not finding one Mif^ Lanageraenr, is a plain Proof that this Addrefs was didated irore to flatter the Party concerned in it, than to let her Majefty into the whole Truth of the Matter. The Mem- Ibersof the Council and Aflembly who fee their Names to III were Ifewi /'?.', Efq; Prefident. fillimFryey Efq; 'jh Daly, Efq; tor^^ Lyddall, £ u, ^filliam Geerijh, :...,j, Eiw. Buncomb, Elq^ Speaker. John Brambfy, Efqj John Hart, Efqj Anthony Ravill, Efq; fVilUam Finch, Efq; Dennis Daly, Efqj This and other fuch Addrefles procured in like Manner, hindered not the Reprefentations of the Inhabitants of Antego^ ipho having perfedted their Articles againft General Park^ bt them to England by a Ship from this Ifland, as well as ly another from Antego. I find not the Name of Col. Anthony Hodges Lieutenant jovernor of this Ifland, among the Addreflers ; which pro- ably induced Col. Park*s Advocate to reprefent him as a imgglgr, a clandejiine Trader, and no Friend to Park, who pould not indulge him in that illicite Trade, as is infinuated Khat Writer. The Generals of this as well as the other Leeward-IJlands bat came after Col. Park, are fpoken of in the Chapter of \ntqo, and we have no perfect Account of the Succeflion Lieutenant Governors of Montferrat to this Time, nor any Thing relating to it that is remarkably particular, till k come to the Hurricane, which l^appened in the Time of \ the 233 ii ■! 1 ' S'lilf ma. i;"?|ijil » :' f. i; M>^b; 234 fc i,.. •t.„ 1733- A vicleut Hurriiani. *The Hiftory of Montferrat. the Government of General IVHliam Matthews. The vcrvl furprizing Account of this Hurricane is in the following Let^l ter from Montferrat. * On the 30th of June we had as violent an Hurricane! here as the oldeft Perfoii in this Illand can remember. Fori 3 Months together we had one continued Series of fcorchJ ing dry Weather till the :19th of Juney when about 10 ij the Evening it began to rain very plentifully, and lafted M grcateft Part of the Night, which gave us the pleafma Hopes of a fine Seafon ; but about 5 o'Ciock the ne\ri Morning the Wind arofe, and blew prodigious hard 1 N. E. and N. E. by E. and held till 7, when there fo]J Irved Gufts and Flaws, the Noife of which founded morj l\c Thunder than Wind; the Force of it too was fuchj that it blew down about f of the Houfes in this Ifland, and not one in twenty of thofe which were not entirf 'y de] ftroyed, efcaped without the Lofs of fome Parr, or at leafl Co left upon the Careen, that the next fmall Gale will I'^vel them with the Ground. * A Store-Houfe built oppofitc to the Cuilom-Houfe, and about 45 K Foot diftant being left uncovered, the Winj blew the Rafters thereof different Ways ; part was carrie with fuch Force, that it broke thro' the Side of the CuftorJ Houfe, making a Hole fo lai£,e, that had not Mr. /f J the Colledlor adted with the greateft Condud, moft ParJ if not the whole would have been demoliflied. * A Cattle Mill Houfe belonging to Mr. James Hup\ weighing at lead 20,000 lb. was taken fairly up inro tiij Air, carried fome Diftance from its proper Place, lodgei in a Piece of Canes, and broke in ten Thoufand Pieces W the Force of the Fall. * An empty Sugar Hogfliead was taken off the Ground bj the Wind, and carried 30 or 4.0 Yards over a Dwellinj Houfe. ' A large Copper, capable of containing 240 Gallon^l was by the Wind carried over a high Wall, and by tb Force of the Fall jammed clofe together. * A large Mill-Cafe (weighing 400 lb.) lying on the Groun^ was lifted up on End, and large Trees of 4, 5 and 6 Fe Diameter were blown up by the Roots. We had on ib 29th 34 Windmills flying in this liland, many of whicl were totally deftroyed, and not above 5 or 6 have receiv^ Jefs than 3 or 400 /. Damage, is^c. ' Such Havock is made among our Sugar Canes, as wouJ iliock the hardeft Heart and enforce Pity to the OwnerJ ibme who had a Profbe<^ of making aoo or 300 Ho^ [ ihed arliamcnt of the 6th of the Reign of his prefent Majefty uled, y/"? Atl for the better fecuring and encouraging the 'uk of his Majejlfs Sugar Colonies in America, and to all d Inftrudtions to Governors of Sugar Colonies, and irdcularly to an Article, in General Matthews's fnftruc- ons, by which he is commanded to take Care that none of 1}; French Subjeifs be allowed to trade from their faid Settle^ U/, to any of the IJlunds under his Government, or Fijh upon \(CoaJls thereof. The French, who are always watchful for prefcrving the curity and Trade of their Sugar Colonies, took early Care prevent this unlawful Traffick, by an Edid of Oiiober |j27, but they feemed to carry their Care a little too far, by niting the Briiifh Navigation to within a League of their baft, within which Limits all Britijh Ships were feizable, iilefs forced by Weather or Pyrates, and in fuch Cafe if ley broke Bulk to t?e Prize. Barbadoi and the other Sugar lands had too much connived at the Infradion of thefe frders, and Montferrat was the firft that exerted the Vigour its Conftitution, in confirming them by a Law of their vn. Purfuant to this idt, a French Ship of 5 or 6000 A |alue was feized here and condemned, in the Court of [dmiraUy, and feveral other lefs Seizures were made in this lind, A good Example in this for all the Charibbees. \\ i^'Vi 'i ' "^ :.^-- ti'^ NEVIS. i^' ... 236 ^je Hijlory of Nevis. N E VIS. 'T' H E next Ifland to Monferrat, following the Dlftancel •■■ from the Equator, which is the Method v/e have taken/ is Nevis, anciently, and now vulgarly called Mevh. It muft have been difcovered at the fame Time witli St. Chri/iopher% becaufe 'tis not above half a League from itj It lies in 17 Degrees, 19 Minutes, North Latitude, and ij not above fix Leagues in Circumference. There'd but one Mountain, and that is in the Midft of itj very '..' , and covered wilh great Trees up to the Top. ThJ Plant: yrs are all round the Mountain, beginning from tha Sea-fiae, and ending only at the Summet of the Mountain] the Afcent being commodious enough. There are feveral Springs of frefh Water in it, of whldJ fome are ftrong enough to make their Way to the Sea, anj may deferve the Name of Rivers. One Spring here isj Mineral, and the Waters hot. Baths were made not far fron the Source, and frequented with good Succefs, for the Cur^ of thofe Diftempers that the Baths at the Bath in En^lani and Bcurbon in France^ are famous for curing. Before we enter farther into the Geographical and Natural Account of Nevis, we muft let the Reader a little into th| tiiftorical. Sir Thomas Warner, who made the fir ft Settlement c; St. ChriJiopher\ made alfo the firft at Nevis, in the Ye 162%. But in the following Year Don Frederick de Tohil who drove the Englijh and French out of the former Iflan( feized all the Ships, to the Number of 15, that were Nevis. It was aboard thefe Ships the Spaniards put th Englijh, whom they forced to leave St. Chrijfophcrh. The Englijh Settlement at Nevis went on fo profperoufljj that in 20 Years time there were between 3 and 4000 Me there, who fubfifted, and lived handfomly by the TraJ they drove in Sugar. After Sir Thomas Warner* s Death, we find mention raadl of one Mr. Lake, who was Governor of this Illand, and remembered as a Man of great Piety and Prudence; itj fomuch that Nevis was faid to be the bcft governed of anyc the Charibbee-IJIands. All manner of Profanenefs, Impie[| and Debauchery, were feverely punifhed. There were eva then three Churches in the Ifland ; not very fine indeed but convenient and decent for performing Divine Service. Charli i 19 farce laiiiount ne Hiflory ^ Nevis. Qj^rh-Tcivn was built, and the Houfes were large, the tt,QPs well ftored, and Forts were eredled to defend the Place againft all Invaders. There is but one Fort mounting Guns) which were they in a better Condition, would be a fufficient Defence. The Rolls of the Militia to 300 here, and this Ifland is by no Means in fo jloiirifliing a State as when we firft treated of it. The (jovernor and Council at firft fet a Price upon all Goods, laiid alligned Times of Payment for them ; but that was too jeat an Impofuion on the Liberty of the Market, to be of L long Continuance. ' Sir George Ayfcue reduced NevU with the other Charibhee- litndij and having no certain Lift of the Deputy-Gover- ijs nor indeed of the Governors-Gene: al, we fhall not jend to give any to the Publick, but take fome farther [otice of the Climate, Soil, Animals, Trade and Pro- iftions. The Cli"iate is hot, and I have been informed by People have frequented both Iflands, that it is rather hotter Barbados^ though the latter is much nearer the Line. The Soil is fertile, efpecially in the Valleys. The rifing Iround is ftony, and the Plantations grew worfe and worfe fertility, the higher the Planters fettled on the Mountain. id was much cheaper there than in the Vale, being coarfer, id not fo eafily cultivated. It is the fame with us in Eng- ifii, and for the fame Reafons : So this Obfervation might ve been fpared. The Rains here are violent, and the Tornado's fo in a ly high Degree, as we (hall obferve hereafter. As to the Produdt of the Country, and its Trade, what been faid of Barbados^ Antego^ and the other Charibbee" ndsy will alfo ferve for this. Sugar is the ftaple Commo- ity here, as well as there, and ferves for all the Ufes of loney : For all the Trade of the Ifland is managed by Sugar. jflundsof Sugar, and not Pounds of Sterling is the Balance all their Accounts; and, exchanging that Commodity for hers, did the Inhabitants Bufinefs as well as if they had id Silver. This Sugar was, generally fpeaking, Mufcovado, of a little crGrain than that of Antego : But they have lately endeavour- to clay. Sir John Bawdon ordered his Overfeers to attempt two or three and twenty Years fince, in that Plantation, this Ifland, which is now Mr. Richard Merriweather's, le fent Mr. Hacket, Brother to Sir Richard Racket of irkdoi^ and an excellent Refiner, from that Ille to this. t, through Negligence in thofe that were employed, the Projed 237 t '^i^ l^i. 1:1 ^^^ ■'( V^ 238 I'Le Hijlory of Nevis. Projeft faild, and iio white Sugar was made in NevU biL what was for a home Confumption, Prefents, or Kxpcrj iiients, till within a very few Years. ^ " Tobacco wa5 at firft much cultivated j there's now little none planted » nor has there been any confiderablc Quandtj this 30 or 40 Years. | Cotton and Ginger have been alfo planted here • but of y Years thofe two Commodities have been neglciled aj Sugar only talcen Care of j of which great Quantities' hay been made, and 50 or 60 Ships load en in a Year from th liland to Europe. As to the Animals here, it is a hard Matter to fay the are any peculiar to it j however, fmce we find fome uv\ Notice of as fuch, we fliall give the Reader an Accou] of them. Lizzards are faid to be more frequent here than in any 1 our other Sugar- Iflands. There are feveral Kinds of thetr the greateft of them are thofe which the Cbarihhcans d Ouaymaca. They are five Foot long at their full Growi] meafuring from the Head to the Extremity of the "H which is as long as all the reft of their Body. Pav. f* 74. As for their Bignefs, they are a Foot about, their are of feveral Colours, according to the different Soils thJ are bred in. The Portugucfe call them Camekons^ thinkij they were a Species of that Creature. In fome Places tj Females are of a light green, checkered with black and whj Spots; and the Males are green. Jn others the Male? black, and the Females of a light grey, intermixt with bli and green. And others, both Males and Females, have the little Scales of their Skin fo glittering, and as it we fludded, that at a Diftance one would thmk them doth in rich Cloth of Gold and Silver. On their Backs thj have Pricki>.j like Combs, which they force up, and down as they pleafe, and appear lefs from the Head to tl End of the Tail. They go on four Feet, each of whij has five Claws, with very fharp Nails. They run f and are excellent in climbing of Trees. But whether id that they love to look on Men, or are of a ftupid, unappij henfive Nature, when they perceive the Hunter they p tiently exped him, without ftirring till they are fliot. Wb they are angry, their Craw under theii' Throat fwells, makes them feem the more formidable. Their Jaws very wide, their Tongues thick, and they have fome v{| fharp Teeth, which when once they have fattened oni Thing, they will hardly let it go. Their Teeth are notl all venomous. The Females lay Eggs, about the Bignefs [ Wo in Nevis^ bii Expcri :s, or 's now little i rablc Qv^mi :rej but of J ncglcfted, aJ I^uantitics haj Year fromti er to fay the ind fome tM ier an Accouj e than in any i Kinds of then [Jharilihcnns ci eir full Growt| iity of the Ti lout, their Skil ferent Soils th| unelcons, 1 {om& Places tl black and whl the Males mixt with blj •"etnaleSj have and as itwd nk them cloth heir Backs th| rce up, and le Head to each of whii hey run fwift! ut whether it ftupid, unappi Hunter they are (hot. Wl hroat fwells, Their Jaws have fome vi ! fattened on ecth are not T/je Hi/lory of Nevis. 239 LgoJquifls , but the Shell is foft. They lay thern deep on Itbe Sw- under the Sand, and leave them to be hatched Iky the Sun. From whence fome Authors have ranked liem among the amphibious Creatures. I Xhc Savages taught the Europeans the way to take thefe Ljjflr^f, and by their Example encouraged thole that came Lft among therb to eat them. They are very hard to kill, Lfoniuch that fome having received thtee Shots of a Gun, Lj by it loft fome Part of their Entrails, would not fall. KJ if a fmall Stick be thruft into their Nofes, or a Pin be- Itwten their Eyes, where there's a little Hole, into which the Pin cafily entqrs, they prefently die. Their Flefli is lufcious, Mtnot fafe to eat often: Their Eggs have no White, but ,. ill Yolk. The Jnnolts is another Sort of Lizzardy and at the firft I'lJ- 7f« this Ifland they were very common in all the Planta- M. This Reptile is about the Bignefs of an European faLard, but its Head is longer, its Skin yellowifli, and on J Back it has certain blew, green, and grey Streaks, drawn om the Top of the Head to the End of the Tail. Its Ibode is in Holes under Ground, whence in the Night it lakes a loud Noife. In the Day-time, it is in perpetual Itercife, and wanders about Cottages, to get fomewhat to [ibfift on. I The Land-Pike is another flrange Reptile, which has been Kt with in this Ifland f it is fo called from its Likenefs to Fifli : But inftead of Fins it has four Feet, fo weat. it it only crawls on the Ground, and winds its Body as a e newly takan out of the Water. The longeft of thefe reaturcs are about 16 Inches, and proportionably big. heir Skins are covered with little Scales, which ihine ;[remely, and are of a Silver grey Colour. Some of the lurious ufed to have young ones in their Clofets, and took ID for Salamanders. In the Night-time they make a eous Noife from under the Rocks; it is more Hiarpand ting to the Ear than that of Frogs and Toads ; and they nge their Notes according to the Variety of the Places ere they lurk. They are feldem feen but a little before and when any of them are met in the Day-time, ofe that meet them are apt to be frightned with their lotion, There have been many curious Infects feen in this Ifland, f. i;onc more (o than that called the Soldier^ a kind of 1. The Name given it is taken from the French-, and Reafon of it is fo whimlical, we are glad it did not iirthe BigiieisB'"^ ^''"^" ^" Engl'tjhman, Thefe Infc^i n ■'■A iiiil w r i I l^U } &'■ ='i il #' 240 The Hijiory of Ncvis. proper to themfelves; but to fecure the Weaknefs of theii little Bodies from the Injuries of the Air, and the Atcctnpti of other Animals, they take PofTelTion of a Shell, cointnony that of Perriwinkles J within which they accommodate thcr Mves, as Soldiers, who having no fettled Habitation takJ up their Quarters in other Mens Houfcs ; wherefore they aJ termed Soidats or Soldiers. As they grow bigger, they M their Shells, and get into larger, as they find them on tii Sea Shore, and fome have taken up their Quarters in th Claws of great dead Crabs. They are of feveral Forms anj Figures, according to the Diverlity of the Shells they poflj themfelves of. Their Bodies are very tender, except the Heads and Claws. For a defenfive Weapon, and infteadi a Foot, they have a Claw, like that of a great Crab, wheri with they clofe the Entrance of their Shells, and fecure thel whole Body. It is all jagged within, and holds fo fart whal ever it faftens on, that it takes away that Piece with it. Th Infedt marches fafter than the common Snail, and does ni with its Foam or Slime foul the Place over which it pallj When the Soldier is taken, it grows angry, and makes Noife. When it is put near the Fire, it forfakes its Quj ters ; if its Shell is prelented to it, to enter it again, it go in backwards. My Author adds, (I will give it in hisow Words, becaufe there's fomcthing extraordinary in then When there are many of them met together^ with an lntent'\ at the fame Time to quit their former Lodgings^ and to tal up new ones, "juhich they are all much inclined to do^ d enter inti a great Conte/iation, there happens a furious S\ gagement, which is managed with their Claws, till at Im the weaker is forced to fubmit to the vicarious, who pnfcni foffefs themfelves of the Shells of the vanquijhed, which aM wards they peaceably enjoy as a precious Conquejl. f. 84* '^^^ Reader muft be informed, that the Hiftory of 1 C bar ibbee- I/lands, an Edition of which Mr. Davits !p\iti in Engljh, is looked upon to be very authentick ; and, I far as we have compared it with Things within our o"i Knowledge, the Account is very juft, allowing for t| Diftance of Time ; and if the modern Inhabitants Hioif happen not to meet with thefe Creatures in the ChariM Iflands, they are not therefore to conclude there never wJ any of them, but rather that they are cleared by the duftry of their Predeceflbrs. There are two other Sorts! fmall Snails, which are very beautiful ; one is flat and oil dark Colour, the other is iharp, and has fmall, red, yello or blew Streaks or Lines. Therl 79. }USj whoprijd )edy which afl \ueji. le Hiftory of [r. Davits put Ithentick j and, within our o' lallowing for t| .nhabitants fKoi [in the Charihii there never wi ;ared by the ro other Sorts le is flat and ol ia\l, red, yelli w n'he Htflory of Nevis. 241 •fbere*5 another Infed, called the Flying-Tyger^ bccaufe Itj Body is chequered with Spots of feveral Colours, as the fyger's is. It is about the Bigncfs of the Horned Beetle. ItsHead is fharp, and it has two great Eyes, as green and Iptrkling us an Emerald. Its Mouth is armed with two hard Hooks, extremely fliaip, with which it holds faft its Prey, (Bhile it gets out the Subftance of it. Its whole Body is tovered with a hard and Iwarthy Cruft, which fervcs it for Armour. Under its Wings, which are alfo of a folid Mat- jr, there are four lefler Wings, which are as thin as any jill(. It has lix 1 .egs, each of which has three Joints, and iliey are bridled wich certain little Prickles. In the Day- time it is continually catching other Infedls, and in the Nighc itIiBfinging on the Trees. The horn-Fly is a Reptile that has two Snouts, like art ijlephant, one turning upward, and the other downward j iiHead is blew, like a Grafshopper's ; its two Eyes green ; Ae upper Side of its Wings of a bright Violet, damasked ith Carnation, with a fmall Thread of Silver ; the Colour lively and (hining, that Art can never imitate it. The feme Author, with what Reafon I cannot tell, fays, ttU, f. 8j. lere's a certain monUrous Spider in thefe Iflands, fo big, it when its Legs are fpread abroad, it takes up a larger e than the Halm of a Man's Hand. Its whole Body lilts of two Parts, one of which is fiat, and the other nd; fmaller at one End, like a Pigeon's Egg. It has a Icon its Back, not unlike a Navel. Its Mouth cannot ily be difcerned, becaufe it is in a manner covered over Hair,^which commonly is of a light grey, but is fome- es intermixed with red. It has two Weapons like Tusks, )lid Matter, arid black, fo fmooth and fhining, that curious Ferfons have fet them in Gold for Tooth- ks i and Experience, or the Fable, feys, they have a Virtue ^« 8*s preierve from Pain, and all Corruption, thofe Parts that fe been rubbed with them. When thefe Spiders are grown I, (hey are covered all over with a fwarthy Down, which as foft and clofe as Velvet. Their Body is fupported by Feet, that are a little hairy on the Sides, and have beloW tain fmall 1 ointsor BrilHes, that help them to faften more Ily on thofe Places ort which they climb: All thefe Feet ic out of the Fore part of the Infed, having each of four Joints, and at the Ends they ate armed with a ick and hard Horn, which is divided into two Parts like a irk. They every Year ftiift their old Skins, as the Serpents as alio the two Tusks which ferve them for Teeth, and their defenfivc WeafJorts. Their Eyes are very little, Vol. II. R and f if. 6v i-V:i. ''4 . ■ vll ''iM ! '4 ^ •■i- ij ''MM mi J 4 2 1%e HiJIory o f Ncv \ s . and lie fo deep in iheir Heads, that they feem to be only two I . fmall Points. They feed on Flics, and it has been oblerved that in fome Pl<»ccs their Webs are (o ftrong, that the Birds caught in them have had much ado to 2;et away. f'%h . The Worm called bv the French Millipied^ (thoufand.l footed) and Palmer Ivorm by the EngUjh^ has been mctl with here : The Number of its Feet is almoft infinite, fronjl whence it takes its French Name. They are like Briftlei under its Body, and help it to run along the (5 round witW incredible Swifcnefs, cfpecially when it finds itfelf purfucdj It is about fix Inches long. The upper Part of its Body i covered all over with fwarthy Scales, which are hard ^a jointed one withiif another, like the Tiles of a Houfe. l] has a kind of Claws both in its Head and Tail, that ftinj cruelly, and with fo much Venom, that the Pain rcmaiiJ 24 Hours, or more, after the Patient has received the Hurtl We muft take fome Notice of the rare Birds in thefJ Iflands i and many Years fincc there was brought frori thence a Bird like a Swallow, only the two great Featheij of the Tail was a little (hotter, the Beak turned down like 1 Parrot,, the Feet were like a Duck's \ it was black onll under the Belly, with a little white like our Swallows. The Fly Catcher is a very pretty Creature, of a fmi Size, and with four Legs. Some feem covered with fin Gold or Silver Brocade j others with a Mixture of gre Gold, and other charming Colours. Thefe Birds arc fan liar, coming boldly into Rooms, which they clear froij Flies, and fuch Vermin, and do it with fuch Art and Spce that the Huntfman's Dexterity is not comparable to it; f they lie down on a Plank, where they hope the Flies w| come, and have their Eyes fixed upon them, putting M Heads into as many different Poilures as the Flies Diij Places. They (land alfo on their Fore- feet, and gape aftl their Prey with their Mouths half open. Though a No| be made, and one ihouid come near them, nothing turbs them. When they have at lad found their^ vantage, they ftart dire£^ly on their Prey, and rarely it. They are fo tame, that they will come upon the Tali while Perfons are eating at it, and attempt to catch Y\ there, or upon their Hands or Clothes. They are veryi clean Things. They lay fmall Eggs as big as Peafe \ whid having covered with the Earth, they leave to be hatched the Sun. When they are killed, all their Beauty vanillij and they become paler. This Animal has (bmething of i Nature of the Camelion; for it affumesthe Colour ofthij Things on which it lefides j for being about Palm-Trei * TJje Hiftcry of Nevis. 243 jt is green i about Orange-Trees, yellow j and the like by other Trees. If thefc Animals are particulitr to this, or common to all ^tCha'ihbee-IJJands^ they arc fo rare, that the Curious can - cot but be pleafcd with our Defcription of them j and will not look upon this as a Digrdlion from our Hiftory, which ^t Ml now continue. After the Rejiauration^ when Trade flouriihed with Peace^ this Ifle enjoyed its Share of the Benefit of it with others, ind encreafed in Inhabitants and Riches. The only Enemy Jey had to itruggic with was the Hurricane, which generally vifitcd them once a Year. On the 19th of Auguji^ 1667, there was a terrible one in this Jlland ; at which Time Sir Lowth. To/, li'm Berry f Captain of the Coronation Man of War, was in ^'' ^* "'^' the Harbour, with that and feveral other Ships ; of which one was commanded by Captain Lan^jrd, who having learnt fome of the Pregnojiicki of a Turnado from a Cha- rUmy perceiving them, he told Sir John, and the other Commanders, of it j who, depending on his Intelligence, made their Ships ready for the Sea, and in the Morning ibout tvjur of the Clock, the Wind coming very hard [Kortherly, they put to Sea, and came all back within four r five Days- time fafe to the Road again. Captain Langford asafliore, and being confident of the Hurricane's coming, ik fuch Care before-hand to fecure his Sugars, and Goods the Store-houfe, that when the Hurricane had carried iway the Roof of the Houfe, all, except one Hoglhead of jar, remained fafe. When Sir WiUiam Stapleton was Governor of thefe Iflands, ufually made this the Place of his Refidence. Here the urts were kept ; and the Governor living upon it, moft of le Affairs of this Government were tranfadted here. Every one of thefe lUands have a particular Lieutenant- ivernor. Council, and AfTembly ; and the general Go- ment centers only in the Authority of the Captain- eral. We find a wonderful Loyal Addrefs handed to Court r !ing C/&(?r/ '^^<: t <•'¥, w III i' -4 ^ M Z$o ^e Wftory of Nevis. The Major General immediately commanded away Guardi I to al' hofe Bays where he though, che Enemy would land • bur they feeing the Englijh Sloops perceived he was already upon the Illand. Kud fo came not to an Anchor, but gave chafe to thofe Sloops, which made the bed of their Way to I get clear. One of rhem being in great Danger, ran afliorc to prevent being t;\ken, but was hawled off- again by the Enemy, who found no Men in her, for they had all got off. The Mafter of one or" the Sloops being at the Cair.p wi>en| the Priloners were brought in, who gave this Accouiit S;-! Timothy difpatchcd him with an Exprefs to the LiiULenaritl General then at Aniego^ to acquaint him with the Condition I the Englijh were in, and delire him to fenc! Ship-s iu t'nu; AHiftance. I Du Cajfe ftood off and on all Night, and in tae Morning coming clofe in with the Shore, fired feveral Guns to givel the Inhabitants Notice of his Arrival About Noon !)/;l came to an Anchor before the Windward l\n of the IflandJ hanging out bloody Colours. The Inhabitants encouraged by th«? coming of fnefe 6t!ip? i camt' isowit out of the Mountains, and finding their Fortl unmaned rbey again took Poffeffion of it, replanting and! drilling thi ^r Guns. In the Night Du CaJJi landed his SolJ diers. Or which the Major General having Advice, hel brought his Field-Pieces from the Burn Houfe into thj Plain, and planted them on the right and \^h Wing of thJ Body which was there encamped ^ the Iron Pieces beingl planted before towards each Road. He placed ftrong Guardsl upon the Saddle at the Burnt- Houfe, and the Mounta which commanded it. In this Pofture of Defence he continued the 27th, iStliJ and 29th of January^ the Enemy not daring to attack hira] tho' they had received a farther Reinforcement of 3 ShipsJ and more Men from St. Chrijlopherh. On the 30th of January in the Morning, Col. Hewetfm arrived from Jntega with 3 Ships, which the Lieutenanj General had fent to Sir Timothy Thomhill's Afliftance. The French Ships at Anchor, perceiving Englijh Colours, weighed and (tood out to meet them. About Noon the) engaged, and after four Hours Difpute with little Damage ooj the Side of the Englijh^ the French bore away ; the En^i^ Ships alfo (landing ofi^ all Night, but in the Morning on th({ 3 1 It of January they returned. The French Ships alfo ap peared in Sight, but kept off at a Diftance. The Major GeJ neralhaving fent the Plunder and Field-Pieces onboard, or<| dered all bis Out- Guards to quit their Pofts, and march don ^ iiiK ^he Hijlory of Nevis. jflto the Plain in order to embark, which the Enemy per- ceiving, they marched down alfo, and both Parties engaged to the great Lofs of the French^ who were beaten into the \^oods and fled in Confufion. Sir Timothy Thornhill afterwards made an honourable Re- treat, and embarked fafe with alibis Men, except about lo ^fho were killed in the whole Action ; and r, who were taken prifoners by being adeep in one of the Breaft- Works, when the Engli/h quitted them. One of them made his Efcapc, 7rf. down to the Sea-fide, and a Boat went and brought him J.;^' clear. The other two were afterwards exchanged. There ,v; •• about 20 Men wounded, who with the reft arrived i.i\ iX Nevis on the ad of February. Attcr the Major General's Regiment returned to Ncv'ts^ the Inhabitants confidering the Service they had done, and their VVillingnefs to continue there in their Defence a- fljii<- the expected Invafinn of the French at St, ChriJ}'pher\ jn the Month of Jpril 1690, allowed that Regiment Pay 6 Months, except the Englilh Fleet fliould arrive; and if it did jfjive, allowed them one Month's Pay after their Arrival. The Inhabitants of this Ifland could not have done more prudently, for their Danger was very great from the Neigh- l)ourhood of St. Chrijhpher\ where 5 Men of War more were arrived from Europe; and it was reported, the Enemies were drawing their Forces together to attack Nevis ; but the Lieutenant General had, with Sir Timothy Thomhilh Regi- ment, 1200 Men very well armed to defend the Ifland, there being two Nevis Regiments then on Foot, Col. Pym*s and Col. Earfs, of 300 Men each. The Forts, Lines, and Breaft- Works were alfo in very good Repair, and the Men in fuch Heart, that nothing was talked of, but roJmg the French Intereji out of thefe Parts cf the IVorldy as foon as the Fleet arrived that was expeded from England^ which happened in June following: Then Preparations were made wittf all poffible Difpatch for an Expedition againft St. ChiJ- tipher'Sy in which all the Leeward- //lands belonging to the Crown of England were concerned. They all fent cheir Quota's of Men to Nevis, which was appointed to be the Place of general Rendezvous, it lying copft convenient for thatPurpofe. %. .[ On Monday the 1 6 th of June, 1(^90, Col. Codrlngton^ who had now received a CommilTion from King IViUiam and Queen Mary, to be Captain General and Commander in Chief of all their Leeward-Iflands, ordered a general Mufter io the Ifland of Nevis of all the forces raifed for the Ex- pedition 25 « I •.*, J . i .Ki 'n: , '■f ;.',»• il'i '•> ;j:i r. i *'> I, ih:r;l-i w M 2^2 ^e Hiflory of Nevis. pedition againft St. Chnfiophir\ and there were found to be 3000 Men, according to che Mufter Rolls then given in, vix In the Duke of Bolton's Regiment, commanded ) by Lieutenant General Holt^ f 7oo Men. In Major General ThornhiltSy commanded byl Sir Timothy ThomhiU hirofelf, i 'i^^ Men. | In the Antego Regimentj commanded by Col. V miliamsy Governor of that Mand, i 4oo Men. | In the Montferrat Regiment, commanded byl Col. Blackjtone^ Governor of that Ifland, i "^^^ Men. ! In the two hievh Regiments, commanded by Col. \ ^ . , P)'^ and Col. £ar/, S <^ooMcn.! In the Marine Regiment, being a Detachments out of the Men of War, under the Com- v 400 Men.! mand of Col. Kegwin^ Capt. of the Ajfiftance^^ In the Captain General's Life-Guard, under thei .. , Command of Col. Byam^ f *°° ^^' I 3000 Men. I On the 17th and i8th of Juw, the Forces were embark'd, and on the 19th failed from Nevis under Convoy of Capt, I IVright^ Commodore of the Squadron of Men of War that I was arrived from England. We (hall give a farther Account! of this Expedition, when we treat of St. Chrijiopher^s, Some Time before the Forces and Fleet arrived frontl England^ viz. on Sunday the <^th of April, about 5 a Clodcl in the £veniog, a ftrange hollow Noife was heard for /onel few Minutes, whtoh was thought to proceed firom tho great! Mountain in the Middle of this IHand. The Inhabitants! were fuprized and amazed at it ; and immediately after, to! their greater Amazement, began a mighty £arr!.(]uake, witbl £> much Violence, that almofi all the Houfes in CharUiX T'own^ which were of Brick or Stone, were in an Inftaitf levelled with the Ground, and thofe built of Timber fhooki) Every Body made what Hafte they could to get out of thcnj In the Streets tiic Ground in feveral Places clove about Foot aluader, and bot (linking W' 'er fpouted out of t)i Earth to a great Heigth. The^^a left its ufual Bounds for roorej than the third Part of a Mile, infomuch that very large Fif lay bare upon the Shore^ but the Water prefently returne again, and afterwards the fame ftrange Motion happened ieees went with it, which wc ^ * burifl T'he Hijlory of Ncvis. 2 jj ^'(d and no more feen. 'Tis ufual almoft at every Vlovfe in this Ifland to have a large Ciftern to contain tne Rain Water, of about 9 or 10 Foot deep, and 15 or ao Foot piacnctcr ; fcveral of which, with the Violence of the Earth- ffliake, threw out the Water 8 or i o Foot high, and the jElotion oi the Earth all over theliland wasfuch, that nothing (ould be more terrible. Several Sloops that pafled from this Idand to Aniego felt ic ItSci, beiween St. Lucia and Marttmcoy in their Way to ^arba^os, the Agitation of the Water being fo violent, that they thought thetnfelves on Rocks and Shelves, the Veflela jhaKing as if they would break in Pieces. Others pafTing the uninhabited Ifland, or rather Rocle, I ctiled RfdundOy found the Earthquake fo violent there, that it great Part of that rocky Hie fplit and tumbled into the Sea where it was (link, making as loud a Noife as if faveral Can- I non had been fired. A very great Cloud of Duft afcended j into the Air at the Fall. Two very great Comets appeared in thefe Parts of the World, and in an Hour and a Quarter's Time the Sea ebbtland flowed thrice to an unufual Degree. There happened nothing remarkable here from this Time to Uc Peace of Reju:y W'X 254 7%e Hi/lory of Nevis. St. Chri/lopher^Sy and the Forces in that Ifland to draw out facing their Fort alfo. HimfelF went on Board the Frigats attending this Governmeiir, waited on by 12 Sloops andlrj. gantines, and held in pretty near the French Town of Balft Terre to proclaim the Queen aboard, he being Vice- Admiral i of thefe Seas. Upon a Signal given, her Majefly was pro. claimed fir ft at Nevis : The Fire of the Cannon began at the I Windermoft Part of the Ifland, paflTed on through the fcvc- 1 ral Forts and Platforms along the Shore, 1 5 ftout Merchant I Ships in the Road took it from them, and the Frigats fucceed- ed, being between the two Iflands, and the Artillery at St. I Chnjiofber^s took it from the Frigats. This was done thrice and her Majefly's Companies of Foot, with the Militia of | both I Hands in two Lines, made as many running Fires. As foon as the War broke out, this Ifland and //«/i ' -!»■;. The Hijfory of Nevis.' I ^i Hamiiton did not at all encourage Addrcflcs to Queen /«/»/» ^^ Abhorrence of his PrcdcccfTors untimely End ac \/(nug'i pi'obably that was the Realbn of the Sofmings in mo( Nevis^ iigncdby The Council. • Danitl^mtth^ Efq; Prcfidcnt. (;o|. Richard Abbot, Un Sevan, Efq; jizarias Pinncy, Efq; iluunnce Broadbelty E(q; 'ihn Norwood^ Efq; \hn R'tchardfon, Efqj Ickad Smith, Efq; ^litrt Ellis, Efqi hrlts Bridgwater, Efqj The Aflcmbly. 7ohn Symondsy Efq; Speaker, Mr. Samuel Gardiner. Mr. John Butler, Mr. John Horn. Mr. Richard Broadbelt, Mr. Solomon Jfrael. Mr. John Smith. Mr. Thomas Bridgwater, Mr. Roger Pemberton. Mr. Michael lyUUamt* This Addrefs, according to Mr. French, was offered to Ge* al Hamilton to be figned by him, but inltead of figning it) reproved them for fo doing. As we have mentioned the Succeffion of Generals of the iiward-Iflands in Antego, which of late has been moftly icir Place of Refidence, and in that Chapter and others, fcatcd at large of the Sugar, Produd and Trade, all which eoiuch the fame here as in the other Iflands, we have no- ing to enlarge upon in this. The prefent General IVilliam 'tttwsy Efq; made fome Stop at this Ifland at his firft ming to the Government. He fummoned the Council id Aflcmbly, and, which probably was the chief Bufinefs, re* imended to them the Salary Affair : Some of the lower loufe were for fettling 400 / a Year upon him, fome 300 /. m (who were for fixing no Settlement at all) propofed 00/. and one 1500 /. a Year. After long Debate it was irried for 300 /. per Ann. to be paid in Money or at the try Produce at Currency. This not giving Content^ Council propofed to the Affefnbly at their next Meeting enlarge the Settlement, but the AHembly would not hear Ir. |Thc ;oo /. is to be raifed on Slaves (the Number of which lid to be near 7000) at i j. 6 d. per Head, which amount- to more than 300/. the Overplus, was to defray fome ^arge, together with the Rent of an Houfe for the Govcr- t's Reception for the ift Year, at 100/. which by the Adt kt grants the Settlement, is limited to one Year only. Vol, II. THE ^57 iV ^1^ :hlMl '\i •■ \. -t ■ S: ■■>.';■, ( f y •^! '■(( •^1 '1 "1 I' ,\ i ' ■ -I ■■■ 'I ■H :< m ( '58) THE H I S T O R O F St. CHRISrOPHE R\\ CONTAINING An Account of its Difcovery, Settlement, Event Cfimate, Soil, Produdl, Trade and InhabiJ tants, Cbaribbeans and Englifh, THIS Ifland is called Liamutga by the Savag^ and was difcovered by Chrijiophtr Columbus^ the firft Voyage he made to jimerUa. He gavej the Name of Sr. ChnJiopher\ not from his ov but from the Figure of its Mountains^ there being in tij upper Part of the Ifland a very high Mountain, which be «s it were on its Shoulders another leis Mountain, as I Chrijiepber is painted like a Giant, with our Infant Saviouic his Back. Tis in the Latitude of 17 Degrees, and 25 Minutes this Side the Line, and about 75 Milss in Circuit. The Cbaribbeans^ who are the Jndigena of the IH and poflefled it before the Difcovery of the fVeJi-lndm^ 1 habited it when Sir Thomas Warner^ an Englijh Advcnturf came thither. Mondcur De/nafnbue, a French Gentleman, of theanc Houfe of Fauderopf who commanded for the Fremh Jmerica, arrived at St. Cbri/iopber*s on the fame Day ' Sir Thomas Warner^ and both took Pofleflion of the " in the Name of their refpe(5tive Matters, that they have a Place of fafe Retreat, and a good Haven for the I ce ■ R Y i E R\ The Wftory of St. ChrlftopherV. 259 I ception of fuch Ships of both Nations as (liould be bound for /Imrica, it being well ftored with Harbours. The 5^^- [ ftiards ufed to put in there in their fVe/i India Voyages, to (jife in frefli Water j and they were in fo good Terms with Wcharibbeans, that fometimes they left their Sick there, to I ije looked after by them; Thcfe two Gentlemen confidering, that by poffeffing I ileinfelves of this Ifland, they (hould very much incommode the poniards, refolded to leave Colonies of both Nations here} and without entering into Difputes about who came ifft, and who had the beft Title to the whole, they agreed to mk the Ifland between them. They accordingly became I Maimers of it, and forced the Inhabitants to fubmit : But before they left it, having caufe to fear there might be Tome fee Intelligence between the Indians and the Spaniards^ WCharibbean Magicians having advifed the Savages to take Itheir Opportunity, and cut the Throats of all the Europeans, mEngllJh and French fell upon the moft fadlious of the Na- lliffs by Night, killed them, and drove the reft out of the land. Then the two Gentlemen left fome of their Men m the Place, and returned, Sir Thomas Pf^arner to Eng- W, and Monfieur Dejnambue to France^ for Recruits. Their Matters approved of their Condud, and fent them S'r Thi. ackwiih Supplies of Men and Provifions, and Commif-^^^'^""* \ to be Governors of the new Settlements. Monfieur Robbe in his Account of St. ChriJiopher\ fays,Robbe, p. (ifonficur Defnambue found feveral Englijh and French Fu-379. 4 "^-iif- pdves upon the Place when he came thither j to whom he "* ofed to eftablifh a Colony, and they confenting, chofe lira for their Governor : Which Defign, on his Return to he communicated to Cardinal Richlieu ; by whofe ans an American Company was fet up in the Year idid, nd Captain Warner^ who was there at the fame Time, ithelike Occafion, gave Rife to a like Company m England. This Company continued in France till the Year 165 1. they fold St. ChriJiopher\ and the other Iflandsj to the n^htsof Malta. But in the Year 166^. the Weji India lotnpany, by the King's Orders, bought out the laft Pro- jrietors, and are ftill in Pofiedion of thofe Iflands. ^wThomas Warntr and Monfieur Defnambue failed in the I'ear i62(J, and the latter arrived there about January, faj. having had a long fickly Voyage. The FreAch were lit 300 in Nuiriber : The Englijh Colony as many. Sir "^tmas had proceeded a good way in his Settlement before lonfieur Dejnambue arrived ; and the two Governors, to event Diflfercncfls among their People, about the Limits of S 2 their vmu p * J ■ *f' ■ ik '1, H I- wit ifr'f ■■■.■• Vir :M'\ ^kMi ' 'I '*i IP; 1: ■m .;! •! ,1 It "Hi- fm n 560 T?'^ J//y?ory of Sf. Chriftopher';. their Territories, figned Articles of Divifion, on the i^thof Mayy 1627. They then fet thofe Boundaries to their ftveial Divifions, which remain to this Day, with this paiticular Provifo, that Fiftiing and Hunting Ihould be equally free to I the Inhabitants of both Nations ; That the Salt- Ponds, and moft valuable Timber fhould alfo be in commonj together with the Mines and Havens : Alfo a League ofFenGve and defenfive was concluded between them againft all their Enemies. After which they fet themfelves to work, each in| his Station, to advance his Settlement. The Englijh received conftant Supplies of Men and ProJ vifions from London ; by which Means they thrived better! than the French^ and not only became ftrong enough to] keep what they had, but to be able to fpare Men for newj plantations at Nevis^ which Sir Thomas IVarner took PofJ feflion of, and left People upon it for a Settlement, in the Year 162%. And in that which followed, Don Frederick J 7'oledo was fent with a Fleet from Spain of 24 great Shipa| of Burden, and 15 Frigats, to difpoflefs the Englijh and French of the I {land of St. Chr'ijiapher^. The Spaniards were alarmed at the Progrcfs of the En^A Itjh in the Charibbee-IJlands^ and thought it concerned thq Safety of their own Plantations to prevent thefe Nation from fettling in their Neighbourhood, Don Frederick meeting fome EngliJ}) Ships lying near thJ Ifle of Nevis^ feized them, and then came and caft Ancboj in the Road of Marigot, under the Cannon of the Bal Terre, where Monfieur Rojfey commanded. Neither the French nor the Englijh Forts were in a CondiJ tion to oppofe fuch an Enemy. Their Stores of Ammunij tion fell ihort, and their Numbers were no Match for thj Spanijh Army, had they been never fo well provided witi Powder and Shot. Rojffy^ after a fraall Oppofition, abanj doned the Bajft Terre^ and retreated to Caks Terre, anotha Fort, where Monfieur Dejnambue was in Perfon, whocoulJ not prevail with his Men either to defend themP Ives therq or to retire to the Faftnefles in the Forefts and Mountain where a few Men might have refitted a thoufand. He; rnonftrated to them, that Don Fiederick could not afford I fpend much Time in following them, for th?t he was boun to the Havana^ to bring home the Flota : Yet this, andl great deal more which he faid to them, was to no PuipofJ Nothing would content them but embarking, and leaving the Place ^ whi<;h he was forced to comply with : And I all the French cicferted their Settlement, as did their Allid th# Englijhy who were in a great Cgiiilernation ; and tW mm He Hiftory 0/ 5'/. ChriftophcrV. 261 piforder encreafed, upon News of Defjiamhue's being gone with his Colony. Some endeavoured to efcape by Sea others fled :o the Mountains ; and all of them who left, find- jjjg it was in vain to refift fuch a powerful Enemy, fent De- puties to treat with the Spaniards. The Don knowing he had them in his l^ower, commanded them, en Matt ft, to leave the Ifland immediately, or he would put them all to {he Sword. He fent them their own Ships, which he had taken at N'evisy to embark on, and was perfuaded to give Leave to thofe to flay that had not Room in the Ships for themrdves and their Families, till they could be tranfported, Upon which Don Frederick weighed Anchor, carried with bini doo Englijh, who were fitteft for his Service j and he vi/as no fooner gone, but the Englijb rallied, and refolved to go on with their Settlement. The French^ who were got no farther than /Intego and iMontfirraf, fent a Ship for Intelligence ioSl.ChriJiopher\ and underftanding the Spaniards were gone, and the EngUJh bufy in rebuilding and replanting, rejoiced at this happy and unexpedted Turn of Fortune, failed back to St. ChriJiopher''sy and retook Pofleflion of their former Habitations. The Englijh continued carrying on their Colony, till they were in a Condition to fpare more Men for Settlements at 'Barbuda y Montferrat, and j4ntego ; which Sir Thomas 1613, famr peopled and planted : And the fame Year the Dutch made themfelves Matters of St. Eujiace^ and the French took Pofleflion of fome other Iflands. The Englijh built themfelves good Houfes at St. Chrifto^ h(r\ and had Wives and Families : Whereas the French 'contented themfelves with Huts, after the Charihbean Man- er. few of them were married, and confequently took ittle Pains to furniOi themfelves with all Things ncceflary d convenient in Life. Monfieur Defnambue died about the Year id^j. and !ir Thomas Warner did not long furvive him. Before the u^\^ Governor's Death, the Colony was fo encreafed, Ibit there were between 12 and 13000 Souls of !:?s own ton in the Ifland. He was fucceeded in his Government by Col. Rich ; who by following his PredecelTor's Steps, in Coi R"ch pell governing the Colony, invited more People to come ^»*'""''' nd fettle there. The chief Employment of the firft Planters was cultivat- ng Tobacco ; by which they got a competent Livelihood, fut afterwards the Quantity that was made, bringing down he Price, they fet themfelves in feveral Places to plant Sugar, ringer, Indigo, and Cotton ; and in a lit Je Time became S3 a rich > ^f,i' m -■*;»* ^sii! M '■m it,-- m. , ; *■ , tr • *' m '■■*¥; •*« ••v! V i.V- III .. f ' m m p.* ■ *■ 'i62 , T;&^ He/?^ry ^ Sf, ChriftopherV a rich and flouri(hing People, both French and En^lijh li, ving very lovingly together, till the late Wars in Eurepi blew up a Flame there, which is likely to end in the dif,| poflefling of the one or the other of them. Let us now ake a farther View of the Country, fojl which, in the Sequel of our Hiftory, we (hall find « great deal of Blood flied by the two contending Nations. The Ifland is extremely delightful, and the Mountain! lying one above another, afford a lovely Profpedover all the I Plantations, to the Sea Coafts, all round the Ifland. Be-I tween the Mountains arc dreadftil Rocks, horrid Precipices I thick Woods, and hot fulphurous Springs at the Foot them, in the South- Weft Part of the Ifland. There's ai^i Ifthmus at the South-Eaft End, which runs into the Sea I within a Mile and aa half of Nevis ; on the fame Shore * a Salt- Work. The Air is good and wholefom, but much difturbed with! Hurricanes. The Soil is light, fandy and fruitful, as thd vaft Quantities of Sugar, and other Commodities which ij has produced, fufficiently prove. This Soil produces Sugar of a finer Grain than thati Barbados or any other of the Charibbee-IJlands, infotnuchl that I have been informed that the Mufcovado here turns outj as fine without claying, as in thofe Iflands it does with it] which is a vaft Advantage to the Planter, (aving a gre ;deal of Wafte and Labour. The Middle of the Ifland is hardly paffable, becaufeoftii iiigh and craggy Rocks and Precipices in the Mountain^ and the Thickets and Forefts, where it is cafy for Companie of Men to lofe themfelves, though it is to be hoped, that Inconvenience will be remedied in Time, the En^^^ being as dextrous as uiy People in the World at clearing oJ Ways, and felling of Woods. The Mountains are divided, as it were, into Storia, oa above another. And from the higheft of them the Eye ii wonderfully charmed, to fee the Trees always green, whicb are planted round every Ground as Boundaries. ThePlanJ tations look like fo many Gardens, and Nature is alwayi gay and Tmilin^. The ^ne Houfes in this Ifland add to the Beauty of tl? Profpect, there being no finer Buildings in America: Man of them are covered with glazed Slate. The firfl that ard mentioned of this kind to be built here, were Sir Ti-mi\ H^arner'sj Colonel Rich*s.j his Succeflbr in the Govern dent, Mr. Everard\ and Colonel Jejferjmh, %{ ne Hijory of St. ChriftophcrV. the Engii/hj for the Convenience of planting, live feat- ured up and down the Country. Their Houfes are of Cedar, and the Walks and Groves about them of Orange jjid Lemons. They are divided into five Pariflies, three on (lie South-Side, and two on the North-Side. In each of which is a very handfom Church wainfcotted ffiiin, and the Pulpits and Pews made of variety of pre- cious Wood, as Cedar, Ebony, Red-Wood, Brafil, and others, curious for Colour, and delightful for Scent. The French buiic a fine Town, under the Cannon of the Citadel of Baje-Terre, of good Brick, I'ree-ftone. and enter's Work. There's a large Church, a Town-houfe, ind an Hofpital. The Church there was formerly in the Hands of the Capuchins; but in the Year 164.6. upon fome Diftaftc, they were difmifled by the Inhabitants, and Pere dtf fivitrj with his Jcfuits, had the Superintendency of Eccle- jiiical Affairs. The Bajfe-Terre is now an Englijh Town ind Parifti, as that Part which the French pofleffed is now entirely Englijh. The Caftle in this Town where the French Governor re- ^ed, is the moft noble Edifice in the Ifland ; but for the Planters and Merchants Houfes, thofe of the Englijh were more ftately than the French. The Rivers are a great Refrefliment to the People and Country; this Ifland is indifferently well fortified, having three good Forts and feveral Batteries. On the Mountain, about three Miles North of Fort' Charlts, is a Place called the Silver-Mine i and the People of the Country fay there is fuch a one, but they have not Hands, nor indeed Hearts to work it j for their Sugar Plan- utions turn to fo good an Account, that they do not care to quit a certain for an uncertain Profit, finding they can grow rich at a cheaper Rate : And it muft be confefs'd, that with due Encouragement our Plantations would bring us in as much Treafure as the Mines of Peru and Mexico have brought into the King of Spain*s Treafury 5 for befides his 'own Subjedls, th ; Englijh^ French, and Dutch^ have al- ways had more than their Share with him. The Sulphur- Mine is between Fort-Char lei and Point- Sable ^ near the iShoar. The Vei-ge or Out- fides of the Ifland may be travelled round, the Country being all a Level ; but, as ha? been 'lid, fome Paits of the Middle are inacceffible. It is out ^ f the Rocks there that leveral Springs of hot Water ifTiie, [and one Part of the Hills goes by the Name of the Sulphur ^^mntain^ ^. S4 The 263 l' ;... n i' ■ . 1 m ■" ■(.-■ *r^K ^ ■; 1' ■ i '■■<1 ■'i i :M. ':.V . ' -^1 . ') * ^m ; ' '\ • i- ■M ■ '-i '' I 1' s4 'i :.:l: 4 -, .-'lit! 1 J . .!' *> c^ '4 it- ■■*'";,' ■Vvt ■■•. '■■'■^' ■'%' 1 Ri^^' ; 'tt ,, "''■■'■ 'yis ■ ^' n' '."■''. > ■ 'i :|.C ^ *M,' ■ * t^ i' 1 ■' T- 4'^- Ml- - ';'^';.i!iii* :rv% 'mm mW' 'v:f( 1; <;.i- ' •'* ~' _ ■it' 1 r H" ■■•iV^ Hi >. \'h\ ^r •V m' ! ■ -t ' ■ 1 / ■ ^ ( 'il'M' '■ iPfc Sil ..- vf'" 1s ^^ 1 ; 'i " '■ i 1 ' '' ,• *■' ■ 1 ■ : \'i- 1 i ' ■ ' i: . :i! ,;:' *f ! " ' ''•k :iyk .\\\: "ii 4:^ ik m liM «' a64 "The Biftory of St. ChriftopherV. The Fort on BrimJIon-Hill mounts 49 Pieces of Cannon" it contains a Magazine fuppliedwith 18,000 Pounds of Pov/! der, 800 Firelocks, 600 Bayonets and other Military Stores. Charks'Fort is furniihed with 40 Pieces of Ordnance and a fufficient Quantity of Military Stores. Londonderry- Fort fuuated on the Eaft of the Town Bajp-Terre^ fecures that ' Part of the Ifland, as do alfo fix Batteries raifed at fo many Landing-places, in all mounted with 43 Pieces of Ordnance. | The Beafts in this Ifland are the fame with thofe in Bar-, ladssy and the other Charibbee-IJlands ; a few there are] which are more frequently met with here, as the Rocquet an Animal, whofeSkin is like a withered Leaf, marked with little yellow orblewifh Points. It has four Feet, the Fore- moft higheft, has fparkling Eyes, holds up its Head con- ftantly, and is in continual Motion. Its Tail is turned up towards its Back, making a Circle and half. It loves to flare 'upon ^en j and when purfued, puts out its Tongue | like a Grey-hound. As for Birds, the moft particular are, the Or/Wff, a large! Bird, Ihaped like an Eagle ; his Feathers light grey, fpottedl black, the End of his Wings and Tail yellow. He neverl fets upon Birds, but in the open Air, and thofe who havc| Beaks and Tallons like himfelf. The Craivfoul is another Bird, about the Bignefsof agreatl Duck, afh- colour, has a long flat Back, a great HeadJ fmall Eyes, and fliort Neck, with a Craw, which will conJ tain two Gallons of Water. They fit upon Trees by the Sea to catch Fifti, which they difcover at a great Diftance J and are fo intent on their Prey, that they are eafily fliotJ but not eatable. [ The Colebry or Humming- Bird^ is admirable for itsBeautyJ Bulk, fweet Scent, and Manner of h\k. It is no biggeJ than the greateft Sort of Flies, yet fo beautiful, that [hel Feathers on the Neck, Back, and Wings, reprefent a Rain] bow. Under its Neck is iiich a bright red, that it refemblei a Carbuncle. Its Belly is yellow as Gold •, its Thighs green) like an Emerald ; the Peer and Beak black, like polifheJ Ebony ; its Eyes like Diamonds fet in an Oval j its Headoj afhininggrec' ^ tb^ Male has a Tuft on his Head, of allthJ Colours we have mentioned. He makes a Noife with m Wings like a little Whirlwind. He fucks Dew from the Flow] crs, fpreading abroad his little Crefl:, wh'ch looks like fo manjj precious Stones. The Female lays but two Eggs, of oval Form, as big as a Pea or fmciU Pearl Some Ladie wear them for Pendants, when dcaii, thoug' then they lofij aiuck of their Beauty. Theif Smt;ll is lace that of tli 4. . fiiKlj The Hijlory of St ChriftopherV. ids ^m fined Musk. This is alfo found in Virginia^ Barbados^ and other Places in America. Before we return to our Hiftory, from which wc have fliadc this long Digreflion, if we may be faid to digrcfs in vthat we have written of the Produdt and Country of St. Chrijiopher's, it will not be improper to fay fomething of the Charitbeans, who were the Natives of the Ifland. They are the fame Sort of People with the Inhabitants of -^'» -^'""^ the other Iflands, tradtable and credulous. They were willing charbbed enough to live peaceably with the Europeans who firft land-ans. ed there, and were upon the Place, when Monfieur Def- finmbue came thither ; but upon his Landing, their Boyez or Conjurers, telling them, in a general Affembly met on Purpofe, that the Foreigners were come to take away their Country from them, and deftroy them Root and Branch, it I vfas refolved to raaflacre them, as we have hinted already, I and the Englijh and French drove them out of St. ChriJiopher*s. I After which they had long Wars with both Nations, and made Defcents on the Iflands they had loft, from thofe to I which they retired. Xhefe Chartbbeam, fay fome Authors, were defcended I from Arouagues, a People of Guyana -^ their Anceftors rc- lling againft their King were forced to fly from the Con- Itinent to the Iflands, which were till then uninhabited. Our Country-man, Mr. Brigftocky who travelled much in Ow. Ifkifo, and fpoke the Language of the Country, derives tbem from the Jpalachites in Florida^ where there is a Na- tion who to this Day are called Charibbeansy the Ifland of St. Cr«z being the firft they landed upon after they were forced, by the Narrownefs of their own Limits, or the Power of their Enemies, to quit the Continent. Thefe \iplachitei or Jpalicheam are at the back of Georgia^ \Csrol'tnay &C. They are a bandfom well fliaped People, not an One-eyed, llame, crook-backed, bald, or deformed Man to be feca laraongft them. They are black-haired, k»nd keep it combed JDicely. They pluck up their Beards h/ the Roots as faftas Ithey grow. They go ftark naked, both Men and Wo- p. 154- Icien ; and the French^ who are a very complaifant People, jtolliew thefe Barbar'tar.s how well bred they are, when Ithey go among them., ftrip themfelves, to be of the Mode. rhey dye their Bodies with a Tindture, which makes them €d all over. They wear a little Hat of Birds Feathers of iifferenc Colours, and fometimes a Crown of Feathers, They make Holes through their Lips, and put a kiiid of litilc Bodkin through them, caade of the Bone of fome Bcaft dl 4 Is: 'fl? V, 1« rll m .^r m. ^t, .f. 266 77je Hiftory of St, ChriftophcrV; Bead or Fifli. They do the fame by their Noftrils, inj wh^Ich they hang a Ring or Grain of Cryftal, or feme fuch Toy. The Men wear Bracelets on the brawny Parts of their Artns, the Women about their Wrifts. They adorn their Legs with Chains of RoOTada, inftead of Garters, Thofe of them who have no Acquaintance with the Ru.\ ropiariSy commonly wear Whiftles about their Necks, made of the Bones of their Enemies. The moft confiderable of all their Ornaments are certain large Medals of fine CopJ per, extremely well poUlhed, wichout any graving on them- which are made in the Form of a Crefcent, and cnchafcjl in fome kind of folid and precious Wood. Thefe in their! own Language they call Caracolis, It is the Livery orl Badge by which the Captains and their Children are diftinguifliJ ed from the ordinary Sort of People. The Women paintl the whole Body, and wear a kind of Buskins, which fall no| lower than the Ankle. The Charibbeans have an ancient and natural Language] and a kind of baftard Speech j in which they have interj mixed feveral European Words, e(pecially Spanijh : The laft they fpeak among the Chrijiiansy and the firft among themfelves. Though the Charibbeans of all the Iflands dq generally underftand one another j yet there is in feveral them fome Dialect ditferenc from that of the others. Theii Language is extremely fmooth, and has few or no Gutturah\ The Charibbeans of the Iflands have a fweeter PronunciaJ tion than thofe of the Continent. Some Frenchmen have obferved that they have a Kind ( Averfion for the Englijh Tongue, and carry their Avcrfion fij far, that they cannot endure to hear it fpoken. They are Ihy of teaching their Language to the Eurtpiani even after th^y have embraced the Chriftian Religion. Thi !Men have many Expreflions proper only to ihemfelve which the Women underftand well enough, but never pro nounce: As for Example j Amac a Bed is the Man's Word and Nek era a Bed the Woman's ; a Bow, Oullaha, the Man'j Chimala the Woman's j the Moon, Nonunty the Man'd Kati the Woman's ; the Sun, Huyeyou the Man's, Kadi th Woman's ; and many others. The Women have alfo th Words and Phrafes, which if the Men Ihould ufe they wou be laughed at. The Savages fay this DiftiniStion of the Mens and theWd mens Language was occafioned thus : When ?the Choribbiai^ came to inhabit Lhefe iflands, they were poflcflbd by a Natiq of Arouaguesy whom they aWblutely deftroyed except tbi Women, whom they married to repeople the Countryitli Woma lan's, Kachi tb Tie Hiflory of St. ChriftopherV: V/oaen reUining their own Language, taught it their Daugh- ((fjj and this is pra£lifed to the prcfent Time; by Mothers towards their Daughters : The Male Children thus itni:%ti* their Father's, and the Female their Mother's Speech. The Charibbtans of the Continent, Men and Women, I (peak the fame Laneuage. The old Men in the Iflands have I i^ed Terms andPhrafes not ufed by the young ones. I They have a certain particular Language made \J(e of only I intheir Councils of War, which is very founding and full of Ifuftiaa: The Women and Maids know nothing of it, but I (lie they underftand the Mens, and the Men their Language very well, though they do not fpeak it. They have few Words of Injury, and had none for feveral yices, iJlX l\ic Europeans fuppliedthem with them. Before they were taught by them, they had no Words for the Vir- Htes, Sciences and Arts. They can name but four Colour«, kfbite, Black, Yellow, and Red, to which they make all tbereli agree. I Of other Nations they fay, the Englijh and Spaniards are not good at all) that the Dutch have as much Goodnefs as \imn*s Hand as far as the Elbow ; but like true Barbarians, pt the French are as both Arms^ which they ftretch out to Ijhew the Greatnefs of their Worth. A Frenchman tells us Ifo, and as all of that Nation are very ready to wrong ours, lib are they as well difpofed to do themfelves too much Ijullice. I The Charibbtans arc naturally penfivo and melancholy, Itiut afe£b to appear chearfiil and pleafanr, efpecially whea Itbty have drunk a little too freely. They take it as a gres£ lAmont to be thought Savages, faying, that Term bdon^i loiily to Wild Beafts : Nor do they like the Name of C««««- |j«//, tho* they cat the Flefh of their Enemies, which they Ity they do out of Revenge. Perhaps they have learnt fo much Delicacy from the French, who have converfed with {them more than any other European Nation. They arc pleafed with the Name of Charibbeans, looking on it as an (Acknowledgment of their Generofiry and Courage j for in \k Apaiachites Tongue, that Word lignifies as much as war- lie and valiant Men. They are of a tra£lable Difpofition, and fo compaflionate tuiong themfelves, that fome have died of pure Grief, when hey heard any of their Countrymen who were Slaves- to Ew iptcHSi have been ill ufed by them. They reproach the Chriftians with their Avarice, for all brCarc is fw moderate Food. They woadcr the Euro- peam 267 ■'\ n ■ f U U 1 '•■■ J -•' ■; 51 .'■ I lii ^' ^ AS.*' \% f'i ■ % :i '!' ''J 1 J.,.-. ; '.fi ■ '1W I f ;:'i ^'i^'' \p ,~JI Ic'. m I'M s68 7Jl>e Hi/lory of Sf. Chrlftoplier'i: ptans prefer Gold to C.afs and Cryftal. They alfo lay In,, jufticcto their Charge, in taking their Iflanch fronrj them. They have not only an Avcrfion to travel!* ig into any other Country, but they would not willingly luflfcr any of their Country tnen to be carried out of their own, yet they arc very curious to fee every Thing a Stranger brings among tlicnij In their Trat!ick they are apt to fall off* from their Words -j however, if they are refledbed upon as light and inconftant' they are aflv led of it. Theft is a great Crime among them : Tlicv leave theirl Houfes and Hantations, without any Body to look to ihctn l and are not afraid of a Thief. If a Knife is taken from them they mourn for a Week, and are eager to be revenged.! They are very loving one to another till they arc injured, and J then never forgive. Their young Men have no Converfatioti cither wi Maid»| or married Women. The Men arc lefs amorous ^lian the Women, both are naturally chafte; and if they had not bc5a| debauched by the Example of the Europeans^ Luft wouldl have been one of the Words which the Charibbfans had no Term for. The Chriftians have taught them DifTimuiation Lying, Treachery, Luxury, and feveral other Vices, whicli were unknown in thefe IQands, before they had any Cotn^ merce with them. ThQ Savages are civil and courteous to Strangers, faysn,, Author J and if they have fo many other good Qualities, wha are they called Savnges ? They are very (imple, and (hew ia in noth-ng more, than in the extraordinary Fear they coni ceivc at thv Sight of r ire Arms, not being able to imaging howdevgo off, bu, Khcv' :he evil Spirit Maboya doesitj who th.y hink ears up tht M on when (he is eclipled. They cry Ma. i,)a or the Devil's here, if they fmell any ill ScentJ Not long ago they believed Gun-Powder was the Seed ol fome Herb, and fon e were fo fooiiih 9s to fow it. Thejl reckon Salt prejudicial to Health, and therefore are afraid (a make any. They will not eat Swines Fiefli nor Tortoifej the former for P'ear of having fmall Eyes, and the latter leiil they might participatr of that Creature's Lazinefs and S:i!^ pidiry j yet they are fo ilupid, they cannot count a Numbej exceeding that of their Fingrrs and Toes. The Captains, the Boye%y and the moft ancient among them who have mori Underftanding than the common Sort, count theMoi ths b|| Moons, and the Years by the feven Stars, yet there's no Monument of Antiquity among them. They can't tell hofl Jons; it Is fince their Anceitors left the Continent, nor cad • * the 7he Hi/lory of St Chrlftopher*/; ilieycvcr tell what Age they are of, nor give any Account of the Time when the Spaniards came into their Country. As to their Religion, they fay the Earth is the indulgent Mo;h^ i who furniflies them with all Things ncceffary to jff J'hey liearkcn to what is faid to them of a God, the jatcr of all Things, and of the Myfteries of Faith ; all . wi Anfwer they make is, Friend^ thou art a cunning Fillow^ I li'ijh I could talk as well as thee. The Chciribbeans of the Continent have no more Religion than thofe of the Iflands: Some of them have a ctirtain Refped for the Sun and Moon, yet they do not worfliip them. All that looks like Religion among them is, they iiive a natural Sentiment of fome Divinity, who is content (jiiietly to enjoy the Delights^ofitsown Felicity, without be- ing offcnd'rd at the ill Aaions of Men j that it is endued with fogreai Goodnefs it does not take any Revenge e' of its Enemies, whence it comes that they neither i- ilorc it. They think there arc two Kind of Spirits, fomt ; tid fome Evil. The good Spirits are their Gods, and every one imsgines there's one of them particularly dcfigned for his Coniiuft. They fay their Abode is in Heaven, but they iuow not what they do there. When an E.glijhman or Frenchman^ or any other Eurc jm talks to them of the God that made Heaven and Earth they reply. True, thy God made the ^leaven and Earth of England or France, or any other Country which they name, ai caufes thy Wheat io grow there, b'ut our God made our Cmtry, and caufes our Manioc to grow. Thus their natural Sentiment of a fuperior Power is inter- mixed with io many Exnavagancies, and involved in I'uch Darknefs, that it cannor properly be faid, thefe poor Wretches have any Knowledge of God. They have no Temples nor Altars particularly dedicated to their Gods or good Spirits, but they bring their Offerings Cajfava j and when they think they have been cured by hem of any Difeafe, they make a kind of Fcaft in Honour of em. They invocate them when they defire their Pre- ice to demand Revenge, to be cured of (bme Difeafe to adviied in their Wars, or to drive away Maboya, or the ivii Spirit J and this their Beye% or Priefts do for them, ivery Boyez has his particular God, which he invokes by the linging of certain \Vords, accompanied with the Smoke of obacco, as a Pertume very grateful to him. The Boyez al- ay> invocate their Gods or rather Devils, by Night j but all c is faid cf the Spirits entering into the Dones of dead Men, 269 '1'. t '(,■.1 'f ' ■> ;?>in;f ■.■-£ ■■l1y^v;'':^H IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) •v' ."% ^. 1.0 I.I 1.25 l^|28 |2.5 ■^ 1^ 12.2 ? ^ m 1.8 !U III! 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporalion \ <> X'^ %• <» V ». ->,-. °;«v%'" 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 -ifc^ 5^ c^ 270 "The Hiftory ef St. Chriftopher*^: Men, or poffeffing Women to pronounce Oracles, let thofil report who believe it. When any of thefe Savages are taken ill, they believe the Gods of their Enemies fend the Diftemper. They apply to their 5«y/2, and they tell them whofe Gods did it, which oc- cafions Enmity between the Pcrfons; for there are other Priefts befides thePopilh, that make it their Bufinefs to fet People together by the Ears. Their Boyez are alfo Magicians. As to their Matoyas vifibly appearing among them, beating Aem, and playing other Pranks, we think the Reader wou3 believe us as filly as thefe Americans^ if we give Credit to iti or reported it, tno* we find it done by other Hiftorians, ^hgl are fond of Miracles. I 'TIS faid the Spirits of Darknefs take Occafion in thel Night Time by hideous Apparitions and dreadful ReprefeaJ tations to firjghten the miferable Charihhans, that they keepl them in a fervile Fear of their Power, charm their Senfes byl lUufions, and oblige them tofacrifice to them on all emeriti Occafions. I The Charibbeans believe they have every one of thcmajl many Souls as they feel Beatings of Arteries in their Bodies:! the principal Soul they think is in the Heart, and after Deat|| it goes to Heaven with its particular God, who carriq itl thither to live in the Company of other Gods^ and they Yup-I pofe It lives the fame Kind of Life as Man lives here oof Earth. As to the other Souls which are not in the HeartJ they believe fome after Death go and live on the Sea-fide,] and that they caufe Veflels to turn. The others live in th Woods and Forefts, and are their Moboyas or evil Spirits. They are extremely afraid of Thunder and Lightning, aD(f thofe of them that feem not to be concerned at it whenthq are among the Chriftians, have been found to be as mud terrified z& the reft, when they have been at Home. As for their Habitations, they require only a Tree aadi Hedgebill to buHd them. Their Houies iU'e near to one 1 ther, in the Form of a Village, and for the moft Part plant themfelves- upon fome litde Afcent, as well for Goodnefs of the Air, as to fecure themfelves a^iainft tho pefiilent Flies, called Muskettos and Maringoms. Th love to dwell near Springs, Brooki, and Rivers, becaufe ^alhing themfelves every Morning, before they put the 1 Paint on their Bodies. Their Houies or Huts are made in an oval Form, Pieces of Wood planted in the Ground, over which put a Roof of rlantane Leaves or Sugar-Canes, or foo Herbs ^ which they can fo difpofe and intermix one amot 3 anoihcfj The Hiftory of St. ChriftophcrV. iQOtber, that under that Covering which reaches to the I Ground, they are fecured againft Rain and all the Injuries of \^eather. This Roof will laft three or four Years, unlefi there happens to be a Hurricane. they make Ufe of fmall Reeds fiiftened a-crois for Palt- I gdoes. They have as many Partitions under every Cover- I jM as they would have Rooms. A Piece of Matting ferves inilead of Doors, Bolts and Locks. There's nothing above (heif Heads but the Roof itfelf, and the bare Earth only is onder their Feet ; but they are fo cleanly, they fweep as often as they fee the leaft Filth upon it. Befides the little Room where they take their Reft and en* Itertain their Friends, every confiderable Family has two other tie Rooms, the one is their Kitchen, the other their Store- litoufe. They have a Sort 'of Hanging-Beds like Coverlets, of Cotton neatly woven, whdch is fattened to cenain IpUltrs, and there they fwing as in a Hammock if they pleaie, I or gx them in a fettled Place as they think fit. They breed great Numbers of Poultry, and have about lieir Habitations good Store of Orange-Trees, Citron-Trees, ICuavas, Fig-Trees, Bananas, and other Fruit-Trees. I Their Gardens are full of Manioc Potatoes, feveral Sorts [ofPolfe, asPeafe, Beans, Maize, Millet, and others. They llHvealfo Melons, Citrons, Cabbage of very delicious Tafte, id Ananas. They often change their Habitations as the Humour takes m, either on Account of their Health or Cleanlinefs, or Death of one of the Family. The Men for th^ rooft |Put fpend ^eir Time abroad, but their Wives keep a£ htb9y and da all that is requifice about the Houfe. The Men hunt and filh, but the Women fetch Home the ^enifon from the Place where it was killed, and the Fi(h Sfom the Water-fide. They alfo get in Manioc, prepare he CaiTava and the Ouicou, or ordii^ary Drink, dreis the 4eat, fet the Gardens, keep the Houfe and Houihould-ftufF 1), paint (heir Husbands with Roucou, fpin Cotton, and le continually employed. In the Iflands of St. nnant and Dominice^ there are fome ^riibemis who have many Negroes to their Slaves. Soine them they got from the EftgUJh, and fome from Spani/h « all away on the Coafts j and the Blacks ferve them as iiently as if they were the moft civilized People in the ^orld. T^Cbaribbeam are temperate and cleanly in their MeaW, leaft the grcateft Part of them. They often eat publiekly gether, the Women never eat till their Husbands have done. 271 «!. ■ft sj"-.'* ''al 'l ■'\^-' tw • ■'!l t' •■ i i«|i ■ m 27* ro^ Hipry of St ChriftopherV: done. They patiently endure Hunger, they drefs all their I Meat with a gentle Fire, and are not the worft Cooks in the World. They commonly cat fitting on low Stools, and every one has his little Table to himfelf. Inftead of Tabic. Cloths they ufe fair and large Banana Leaves newly gathered. They wafli their Hands before Meals, and before they drefi their Meat. Their ordinary Bread is a thin Cake, which they call Caffava^ made of the Manive Root. They have another Kind of Bread made of Maze, ?nd fome of them I ioftead of Bread eat Potatoes. I Their common Food are Lizards, Fifli, Pulfe and CrabsJ Their Defert are Figs, Bananas or Ananas. Sometimes the! Charihheam on the Continent have a deteftable Kind off Seaibning to their Meat, which is with the Fat of the AnuaguA their irreconcileable Enemies. 1 Their Drink is generally Mobby, made of Potatoes boiled! with Water; as the Outeou is of Cajfavia. In feverai Places delicious Wine is to be met with, as Palm Wine Coufcou and Cane Wine, made of Sugar-Canes \ and therj was more of this Wine made by the Charihheam of Sc ChriJiopher\ than by any other Savages, becaufe this lilanj abounded moftwithSugar>Canes. The Europeans have taught them to forfake feverai o| their barbarous Cuftoms, particularly of their Severity td their Wives; for of late they are feldom feen to fetq Home the FiHi and Venifon taken by their Husbands, aoj when they have been a fiihing, the Husband and Wife together : Befides, the Women go ofmer to the Carbet^ Houfe of publick Feafts and Rejoicings than formerly ; ndj ther are the Barbarians (lich Enemies to the Flefli of Tc toife, Lamantine, and Swine, as they were before. An InJ fiance of which is reported :n a French Hillory of the Cha ribbee-Ijlands. A Gentlem )f that Nation who lived id one of them, being viiited , Cacique or Captain of th] Savages, entertained him and his Company in Jeft, witi Lamantine's Flefli. The Cacique miftrufting the Frenchm\ would put a Trick upon him, prayed the Gentleman not i deceive hxm-y and :he other upon his Honour affured him would not. Then the Cacique fell to it, and eat heartilv After Dinner the Frenchman confefled the Deceit, to isi how the Cacique and his Followers would behave themfelves| But the Cbarihbean, the leaft Savage of the two, replie ff^ell Friendy wejhalinot die of it: And he and his FolloWJ ers put a good Face on the Matter, but went Home refolv| ing to be revenged. Accordingly fome Time after, th Cacique invited the Gentleman to an Entertainment at "■ " ■ ' Village! "fhe Hf/iory of St. Chriftopher'x. 0ige, and the latter went thither attended by Ibme of his Countrymen. The Charibbean gave them a plentiful Feaft, 1^ had ordered his People to put into all the Sauces fome Fit of their dead Enemies, of which the chief Charibbeans ft always well provided. When Dinner was over, the (jicique asked the Gentleman and his Companions, how they likedthdr Treatment? They all highly commended it, and tiuoked him for his Kindnefs. He then acquainted them with ijie Trick he had put upon them. Moftof the Frenchmen iKre fo fhocked at hearing it, that they could not retain what iey had eaten, and growing fick of the Fancy, the Cha^ 0m lauded and faid, / am now revenged of you. The Savages take Pains even in their Pleafurcs. The (Uefeft of their Exercifes are Hunting and FiOiing, efpe- (ially the latter. They are wonderful ejqjcrt in ufmg their Jjws and Arrows. They do not take their Wives with them nhen they hunt or fi(h, as fome BafiHans do. Their ordinary hunting is for Lizards. They are the heft Filhermen in America^ either with the Hook or Dart, or other jlnTentions. They weave Beds, make Baskets of BuU- jliulhcs, Wooden-Chairs all of one Piece, little Tables ivc of the Leaves of the Laranier-Tree, Streining-Cloths, (dis, fever^ Kinds of VefTels for eating and drinking, dies, Hats and Crowns of Feathers. The Women ike Bufkins, or Half-Stockings of Cotton for themfelves. The Men are very neat in ordering and polifhing their , and take a great deal of Pains about the Periagas or Its, fome of which arc fo large, that they will carry 50 They make earthen Pots of all Sorts, as alfo Plates* ddight much in handling Joiners and Carpenters Toolsj would make good Mechanicks. They are great Lovers Diverfion and Recreation, and take 2 particular Pleafure keeping and teaching a vaft Number of Parrots and iikets. The Charibbeans have mufical Inilruments, bat indeed far fromdeferving that harmonious Name. Their Drums made of hollow Trees, over which they put ^. Skin only one End. They have a rude Kind of Organ made of As (bon as they are up in the Morning, they tune Pipe well polifhed. and handfomly made } fome of them " the Bones of their Enemies. While they are tuning Pipes, their Wives are bufy in getting them their Break- They fing certain barbarous Airs over their Fifli while is broiling. Moft of their Songs are bitter Satyrs in their ay, on their Enemies. They have alfo Songs on Birds^ FiOies and Wodaen. In the latter they woukl give Of- VoL, H, T fence 27i ::#!ii:::if % :;i4./'n . fii fence to Mr. Coiiifr^ for like the< Barbarians of Parnajfial they are full of 5/»a/. ni: : i The Charibbeans Dancing is chiefly at their Corbet, or Place of publick Entertainment., At fuch Times they fpend the Day and Nighc in Eating, Drinking, Dancing, Talking, and Laughing. Both Men and Women then make a (hift to] get drunk, but they arc feldom fo beaftly except on thofefo-l kmn Occafions. As when a Council of War is held, when] they return from any Expedition, no Matter whether fortu< nate or unfortunate ; on the Birth of their Firft-born, when] their Childrens Hair is cut, when they are at Age to go tol the Wars^ when they begin a Building, launch a Boat, or are] recovered of any Difeafe. They have on the contrary theirj folemn Fads, but it would be too tedious to give all theirj ridiculous Reafons for them. They receive Strangers who come to their Idands to vifij them, with great Tokens of Kindnefs and Affection. Tbey are very much afraid of being furprized by the Europiam\ and driven out of the Iflands they poifefs ; and to prevent id have Men pofted on the Sea-Coafts and on the high Mouaj tains, to difcover who comes and give Notice. Imroediatdjf they fend away a Canoo, to fee if they are Friends or Foes] for they will not truft any People's Colours, having beem ceived by the Europeans, If they are Enemies and land, th Ijiy Ambufcades, fall upon them from thence, and then od a fudden, joining all together, let fly a Shower of Arrows, anj afterwards come to tundy-blows with their Clubs. If th Enemy is too hard for them they fly to Rocks, or even th Sea, and fome diving down will rife 200 Paces off. Thti often rally again after they are routed, meeting all at a cert unknown Place of Rendezvous. Their having no Arithmetick is the Occafion that th cannot tell what Number of them there is in any of th Iflands: But it is fuppofed where they are moil numer they cannot make above 1500 fighting Men. H w". :h The Strangers that come hke Friends are entertained; fuch, with equal Chearfulnefs and Plenty. Their Gove ment is as barbarous as their Cuftoms, or irather as flraDgej for why fhould they be called barbarous for any Thing have faid of them, except it is their eating the Flefh of the Enemies? . .ayiv:-? -lo 3'jiio iisnti!! There are feveral Sorts of Captains in every Ifland bdcn^ ing to tbem, the Captain of the Carbet or Village^ which 1 generally the Father of a numerous Family ; the Captain 1 the Periaga, or Boat, and an Admiral, who commands d whole Fleet j the grwd Qaptainj or Captaia General, wh fhe Hipry of St. ChriflophcrV. i, alio called Cacique. His Office is during LTe, he \s pre- lerred by Eledion, leads their Armies, and is always highly {ftccnoaJ among them. J irt: <•< ?;<" j" , i^ There are feldom above two Caciques in an Ifland . None of thefc Caciques have any Command over the whole Na- flon, nor any Superiority over the other Captains after the j ^ar is over, and none of them command twice in chief, Itmlefs he has diftingui(hed himfelf eminently. Let us fee what are the Qualities that a new Man mufl be I Mifter of, to give any a Pretence to ftand for the Office of Captain General among the Charibbtans. He muft have lieenfeveral Times in the Wars, and have behaved himfelf bravely in them. He mufl: furpafs all his Competitors in [tinning, in Swimming and Diving. He mufl: be able to lorry a greater Burthen than the reft of the Pretenders, and Itoendure Pain; which Experiment is made by cutting and Ibfliing his Flefli, and his beft Friends make the deepeft In- Icifions. But this Ceremony is not ufed every where, and liofe Charibbeam who have rtiuch Commerce with the Ew Mmi^ have quite left it off, with feveral other Cuftoms, ac IlliichtSiey laugh. [The Cacique being chofen makes War, prepares for it," ] leads the Army. He appoints Aifemblies of Counfellors, lof the Carbet. . : 5., J! As for Laws they have none, and no Magiftrates. He I thinks himfelf injured, is his own Judge, and gets whac lti(fa6tion he will or can of his Adverfary. If he does noc venge himfelf , he is defpifed as a Coward. They are fuch gets to Law and Lawyers, that they have no Words in «r Tongue for Jujiice and Judgment. And if they knew ^bat they meant in ours, or how they are abufed, they would iReafon turn the Barbarians upon us. I They carry fome Women to their Wars, to drefs their jt, and look to their Periagas. Their Canoos are left ats, fit for Rivers or Bays only. Their Cuftom is to go 00 Ifland to Ifland to refrefh themfelves, and to that End, rhave Gardens in thofe which aredefert. [The ArouagMs a Nation of Guyana^ are their irrecon- abie Enemies, who cruelly perfecuted the Charibbeans oi Coutinent, the Relations of thofe of the Iflandc. The ter fail once or twice a Year in their Periagas to find them kt, and be revenged on them. JTlic Arouagues never make any Attempt on the Iflanders,' 1 always ftand on their Defence only. The Ifland- Savages ":abng all the other Iflands from St. 6V«z, the further- oft of the CW<^^ir/j) which is 300 Leagues diftanc from T 2 ' the 275 ^. 'Li '%^M r,!"»4i'S 1 : ■■>fca, 11 ; .Sit i -'V' ■•'J' 276 "The Hiftory of St. Chriftophcr'x; the Arouagues: When they land if they are difcovered thef take it for an ill Omen, and retire. If not, they feek their Enemies and engage them. The Prifoners they take are not immediately flain, but chained and carried Home. Next to the Aromguei they hate the Spaniards and EngUjh, A French Author gives this for a Reafon of their Hatred to the Eng/i^jy that the latter, under the Flags of other Nations got feveral Charibheans aboard their Ships; when they haJ nrft made them drunk, carried them to their Plantations, and kept them as Slaves ; which, it is very probable, is a fcandalous Reflc(5tion on our Countrymen by our Enemies the French. They have made feveral Incurfions upon the Iflands of Montferrat and Antego^ burnt Houfes, deftroyed Plantations and carried away Men, Women, and Children; but we do not underftand they eat any of them, the Arouagiui being their only Dilh of that Kind. About 50 Years ago they had fome Englijh Boys and Girls in the Ifle of St. Vincent's^ who being carried thither vciyi young, were bred up by the Savages with equal Gentlenefi ai their own, and had fo accuftomed themfelves to their Wa of living, that they were only diftinguiihed from the Chan beam by their fair Hair. They have the fame Averfion for ^c Spaniards ^ and h the fame Reafon ; but the French, according to my Author, Frenchman J are in the good Graces cf the Charibheans. ■ The Reader will not be difpleafed to have a particular Ac count of their Treatment of their Captives, or Prifoners ol War, it being from thence they are called Cannibals, and ari perhaps the only People upon Earth that cat Man's Flefli of Choice. For though the French, who converfe moft wirl them of any Nation in Europe, gives us fuch a Defcription them, that one would think they were become as polite themfelves ; yet it is certain, they often feaft themfelves that abominable Repaft, which but to think of, makes Ni ture ftart, and the Blood curdle in ones Veins with Horrw. When they bring Home a Priforer of War from ai the Arcuagues, he belongs df Right to him who feized and that Savage keeps him at his Houfe, fecures him there Bonds, and after he has been kept failing four or five Da; produces him at the Carbet to ferve for a publick Vidi to the itnmortal Hatred of bis Countrymen towards tl Nation. - ' ? • If there be any of their Enemies dead upon the Place, ti eat them before they leave it. The young Maids and W< men taken in War are only defigned for Slavery. They^ not eat the Children of their Female Captives, but fori ^(f Hiflory of St, ChriftopherV. lyy \^ good Scotnichs for all the Male-Captives, as well of other jCitions, as of the Arwagues. We are not entirely convinced of the Truth of this, but jnthe Hiftory of the Charibbet-JJlands^ tranflated out of frtnch by Mr. Davyts^ the Author pretends this \s not only (rue, but fays there was a great deal of Diflference between a Ragout made of a Frenchman^ and one made of a Spaniard. Hij Words are, as they are rendered in our Tongue j They iKKt btrtttfoTi tafted of all the Nations that frequented them^ gnd ejfirm^ tlat the French are the moji delicate, and tht Spaniards •/ hardeji Dige/iion ; but now they do not feed on gnf CbriJUans at all. Wherein the V^anity of the French Kation is the moft confpicuous that ever we met with ; for thef are not only content to fay in other Places, they fight tbe beft, write the beft, talk the beft, paint the belt, nng tbcbeft, dance the beft, ^c. but this French Author avers, tiiey lat the heft of any People whatever ; which is a Compli- BKDt on hts Nation, the Cannibals perhaps learnt to put on them, fince they were civilized by them j for there's no doubt, but among other of their Talents, they taught them Itiiatof Flattery. They ufed to torture their Captives before they killed them, but now they give them the Coup de Grace, knock them on ItheHead, broil, and then eat them. Asibon as the unfortu- nate Prifoner is laid dead upon the Place, the young Men uke up the Body, wafli it, and cut it in Pieces, then they Hwfl Part, and broil Part of the Flelh j the Women licking [the very Stick on which the Fat of the Arouague dropped. Eadi there prefent has his Portion. All the Greefe that is produced by this diabolical Cookery is carefully faved, and Jdiilributed among the chiefeft of them, who keep it in \%wrii to relifli their Sauces with it. They rub the Bodies of their Children with the Blood of efeonferable Vidims, to animate them to future C; j'kies, land thus they make their Revenge hereditary. Bui the \hmb Author does all he can to excufe thefe Cannibab, by [Etampled of others more cruel than they. And indeed there lieems to be a great Difpofition in him to forgive the Cha- vMtan Man-£ater8, who bad fo highly extolled the £ivGury pDilh of a Frenchman, When thefe Savages delire to marry, they have a Privilege |to take all their Coufin- Germans, and make no more ado lit it, than to fetch thetn and enjoy them. AFcer which ey are their lawful Wives. They may have as many as they ileafe, and the Captains value themfelves much on the Num-- |bcr of theirs. T 3 They '^ ■J*.,, 1 .,il"i h 3i ■' SH ), >l> lit I' 'i 278 The Biflory of St. Chriftopher'i; They build a particular Hut for etch Wife, continue with her they like moll, and the reft conceive no Jealoufy at it. She whom they honour moft with their Company is very af. fiduous in wailing upon them. They love their Wives Tcry paflionately while it lafts, but leave them when they pleafc, ' with or without Reafon ; yet it is fcldom known that they forfakc their firft Wive«, efpecially if they have had ChiU dren by them. They often make their young Sbe-Prifoncrs of War their Wives. Their Children by them arc account, ed free, but their Mothers are fliil reckoned Slaves, If any one of them has no Coufm- Germans, he may marry fuch as are not a-kin to hkn, demanding them of their Fathers and Mothers. They are then, provided Confent is ot>> tained, ipfo Fa^Ot their Wives, and Home they carry th«m. Thofe young Men that have (tgnalixed theml'elves in the Wars, are much importuned by the Fathers and Mothen oF the young Maids, to take them to be their Wives, and as often as they return victorious from War, new Wives arc offered them. The young Men never converfe with either Maids or Women till they are married. If a Woman was formerly inconilant to her Husband, he knew not how to punidi this Crime, but fmce the Europtans have made it better known among them, if a Charibbean finds his Wife proilituting herlelf to. another, he does himfelf prefent Juf* tice, by beating out her Brains with his Club, or cutting her open with a Razor. Their Cuf loms at the Birth of their Children are too ob< fcene to be reported. One merry enough is, that the Man * lies in inftead of the Wife, and is dieted for 10 Days; and at the Birth of the Firft, the Father is fcariiied, and fails a long Time. As foon a$ the Children come into the World, the Mo- thers make their Fore-heads flat. They do not fwath them. They name them 10 Days after their Birth, and give them Names from fome Accident that happened to the Fatber| vhilc the Wife was with Child : As for Inftance, a Chari\h\ heart of Dominico having been at St. Chrifl^htr% in tiie Time of his Wife's being with Child, and feen the Fmth\ General, named the Child he had at his Return Gmral^ m Remembrance of the kind Enteruincnent he had met with] from him. Thefe firft Names are changed by the Mali Children, when they grow up to be Soldiers. The Charibbean Women fuckle their Children, and very good Nurfes. Their Children are bred up in a great Ri verence of their Parents, they ^.^ carefully educated in tl £x«rci J, continue with D Jealoufy at it. upany is very af. ;hcir Wives very hen they pleafe known that they have had ChiU ng She-Priibncrs lem are account* 1 Slaves. If any may marry fuch of their Father* Confent is ob- they carry them. tiemlelves in the ers and Mothen their Wives, and r, new Wives are I verfc with either! If a Woman was I knew not how to ns have made it an finds his Wife I mfelf prefcm Juf* ub, or cutting her I com D't : ildren are too ob>| I is, that the Mm r lo Days; andatl \, and falls a long| '.) yjii'-',-^- World, the Mol o not fwath themJ , and give theml ed to the Fatberl ftance, a CharM rijhphir\ in the! id feen the FmA\ Leturn Gtneral^ he had met witii| ged by the Ma s. ^•■-- •.»■■■ > Children, and an dupinagreatRe< y educated in the £x«icil( I7je WJlory of St. ChriftophcrV. Exercife of the Bow, and other Arms, to fiili, fwim, make Bajkets, Clubs, Bows, Arrows, Beds, and Pcriaguas, which is all they think is nccelT^ry they (hould underftand. Thefe Charibi/am, by "icir natural Temperament, Sobri- ety and Exercife, enjoy Health and long Life. 'Tis faid, they are fo vigorous in their old Age, that it is common for them to get Children at fourfcore and ten Years old. Many imong them have not a grey Hair at above loo Years old. They live, lays the above-mentioned Author, commonly ihid. p. 1^0 Years, and fometimes longer ; for about 50 or 60 Years 34a» ago, there were fomePerfons living among them, who re- membered the firft Arrival of the Spaniards in jlmerica. Thofe very old Perfons are Bed-ridcn, immoveable, and re- duced to meer Skeletons. When they are at any Time fick, they have Recourfe to Herbs, Fruits, Roots, Oils, and Gums, by the Aflift* ancc of which they foon recover their Health, if the Dif- die be not incurable. They have an infallible Secret to cure the ftingiog of Snakes, « great Skill in their Kind of Phy- ikk, and if' it fails, apply themfelvcs to thcit Bcyez or Con- jurers, who by their devilifli Myfterles pretend to cure them. 'twas formerly a great A£t of Friendlhip among them, to 1(111 fuch as were old and ulelefs, but it is not thought fo now. They bury their Dead with many ridiculous Ceremonies, reckoned, holy among them, and fometimes kill Slaves to Walton the Ghofts of the deceafed. .. i, Thus we have in a little Compafs, given the Reader a \&hiQi Idea of the Origin, Hiftory, Cuftoms, Manners, Religion, and Way of Living of the Charihheansy the firft Inhabitants of thefe Iflands^ and this Account is to ferve for all the other Iflandsaswell as St. Chrifiopbtr\ of which we are treating; and that being one of the biggeft, we thought we could not infert it in a more proper Place. Before we continue the hiftorical Events of this Tfland, weihalltake fome farther Notice of the Climate and Coun- try, by other Informations. 'Twas formerly much troubled with Earthquakes, ^hich, upon the Irruption of the Sulphur [Moimtain there many Years ago, have in a great Meafure [ceafed, and have feldom been felt there tince. Hurricanes fhll firequent here, and it was fome Time fmce the Cudom both the Englijh and Fnnch Inhabitants in this and the lother Charibbee-ljlands^ to fend about the Month of June^ |to the Native Charibbus of Dominico and St. Vincent^ bow whether there would be any Hurricanes that Year j 3d about lo-or X2 Days before the Hurricane came, they coollamly fent them Word, and it very rarely failed. T 4 An 279 ^■. \ 1 I; ;V' % ■:>■' ): ,-•: 4: ■.'IT w fpi fill ■f? !■> m fS:. 2S0 The Wftory ^ St, Chriftophcr'i. Lowth. yoU An Indian who liv£d with Capt. LanHtrd fcveni Ycmr 1 i^ ^ 105' gave him thcfc Prognofticks, to know whent Hurricaae w* coming. It comes either on the Dif of the fuUChuge, or Quarters of the Moon. If it will come on the ftillMooQ you being in the Change, then obferve thefe Signs : That Dt« you will fee the Skies very turbulent, the Sun more red ^tiX at other Times, a great Calm, and the Hills clear of Ck)udi or Fogs over them, which in the High- Lands art fddotn (b.l In the Hollows of the Earth or Wells, there will be a ffrettj Noife, as if you were in a great Storm ; the Stin at NM)t will look very big with Burs about them, the North-wcftl Sky very black and foul, the Sea fmelliog ftronger than ttl other Times, as ufually it does in violent Storms; and ibme.[ times that Day for an Hour or two, the Wind blows rcryl hard Wefterly, out of its ufual Courfe. Oa the full of thel Moon you have the iime Signs, but a great Bur about tfael Moon, and many Titnes about the Sun. The like Sigm] mflft be taken Notice of on the Quarter-Days of the Moooj In the Months of July^ Auguji^ md Septemlur^ fortheHur* ricanes come in thofe Months; the fooneft that had been ever j heard of was the 25 th of Juiy, and the lateft the 8th September, not many Ye^s fince, for the Month they uftialli come in is Auguji. We have nothing farther to fay of St. Cbri/iophir's^ a \ the Natural or Ge^aphical Account of it, fo we flull turn to the Hiftorical ; in which, if we are not more exadj the Reader will excuTe us, confidering the Difficultiei wo were obliged to flruggle with : For having much Ids Ac{ quaintance with the Leeward IJlandsy than with the otharl Plantations, we could not procure fo many Memoirs, as we have done for other Parts of our Hiftory of the Briljfli Ym\ pire in America. AA.Evcrard, To Mr. Rich^ the fecond EngUfl) Governor of St. Chr\fi»\ Coaru r. pher% fuccccded Mr. Everard^ who continued in the Go vernment feveral Years ; and by what we can underftasdj was in that Office when the Rumpufurped the fupreme Poi in England. The Leeward- IJlands refufing to acknowledg their Sovereignty, King Charles the lid. appointed General Poyntz to be Governor, and he was in PoflfeflioD < St. Chri/lopher\ when Sir George Ayfcue arrived at BarhakX and reduced that I(land: After which he iailed to A/inn; aodi St. ChriJlopher*s ; but Major General Pi>yntz not ftrong enough to defend himfelf againft the Power Sir Gtor^ brought with him, withdrew before his Arrival, and himfelf for Virginia^ the only Retreat for Cavaliers. Wiiol Tip Hiftorf of St. ChriAophcr'x. \^ tlvB Parliameot put into this Government, we can- ^ tell J but sfter the Ej/iwation^ the Lord WtUwtghhy wu p^j3ovemor of the utward-ljlandsj as well as of Bar" j^, and be refined there fome Time, ^ho was his iounediate Succeflbr is not come to our Knowledge, uolefi ic was Sir JVilliam StatUtony whom we jQii oot loD^ after the Lord WilUughb/t Death, in Pof- \i^ of tbv Government, in which he continued to hia Path ^ and in his Stead King James made Sir Nathaniel lilmfon Governor of the Leeward- I/Jands^ who enjoyed it i'i^aoili^iUiamh Acceifion to the Throne; when, through DUcoftfenc or Fear, he withdrew to Carolina^ and made Wiy for Colonel Ccdringten in the Government of the(e II]iik1$, who beins a sreat Proprietor here, was the oaore icccpuble to the Inhabitants. There had not been any declared War between France an4 li^ndt fmce the Settlement of the Ifland of St. Chri- jifktr't ', yet tbe Engli/h and Frfnch had not been without Skirnimes there upon thdr particular Quarrels, but they Lver made anv Attempt to difboflefs each other till the {ijilWar, which followed the Revolution in England-, fdt I Charles and King James^ in their Treaties with is the XlVth, agre^, that in Cafe of a Rupture in |£iir<^^ the Subjects of both Kings, in the JVe/i-IndieSy U be Nei^tral, that they might not be involvedfin Wars, |io which they did not in the leaft contribute in the Caufe th^m, aad that their Trade might not be interrupted, ich would be very fatal to their growing Settlements : It the French^ who were never famous for obferving iir Treaties, broke t!his ; and before any Declaration of gr was made in England or France^ they entered the [/(/i Pale, and deftroyed it with Fire and Sword, forcing iDhabitants to fly to the Forts for Safety. It is true, the QOoCiues between the two Nations were gtown to a great ^tb; and it is (aid, the Irijh Papifts, and others of (he piiK Fadtion in St. Chri/iopber^s, inftigated the French to ok the Peace there, before it was broken in Europe. in King ITtlJiam's Declaration of War againft the French % the lovafion of the Charibhee-IJiands by the French^ {Dcntioned as one of the Reafoos of it. When they had reduced the Englijh to great Streights, the ter applied to the Government of Barbados for ^ccours ; t before thpfe Succours arrived, the Engli/h furrendered 5 Forts, and their Part of the Ifland of St. Chrijlopher^s to le Enemy, on the i^th of July, i^Sp. and could obtain better Cofludtoons, thaa to be ifioc to the adjacent Iflsnd iNm, We 281 pi A- ■'i« ,;. HI. .1 !l I , iiz The Wpry of S^t. ChriftopherV. We muft now leave the French in Pofleflion of the wholJ Ifle, and the Englijh Inhabitants of it dwelling in othe Places. This proved a terriWe Lofs to the Merchants oi London^ and other Parts of England^ trading to the Leeward IJlands j for the Fadors at Nevis took great Part of theii Merchandize, their Negroes efpecially, to the Planters Si. Chrijhpher*s ; and this made their Debtors incapable ^ paying them. Some diflioneft Faftors tool hold of this Op portunity to balance their Accounts with their Principals! 9ind a Merchant of Nevis, who owed his Correfponden loooo /. paid ofF the greateft Part of it with Debts atsi ChriJiopher*s ; for many Perfons being ruined in this dei plorgble Calamity, it was a Temptation to an unfair Corl relpondenc to fink his good Debts with the bad ; and th Author is but too well convinced, that tjiere's a great deah Truth in this Coryeaure. \ :-''"; '1 '•■'^ • Eight Months after the Trench were (ble Matters of SJ Chr0opher*Sy there happened an Earthquake here, which wj felt in the other Iflands. The Earth opened nine Foot i] many Places, and buried folid Timber, Sugar-Mills, i^c: threw down the Jefuits College, and all other Stond Buildings. * ' '-'■ • The French had two Men of War here j and haviiiJ equipped 15 fmall Veflels, they put 4. or 500 Men aboarj and went down to Stacia, out of which Idand they drovj the Dutch, We have mentioned Sir Timothy Thornhiifs being JntegOy and his going thence to Nevis^ to wait for the Al| rival of Commodore IVright^ with the regular Troops pedted from England, It is faid in our Account of Nni that the Forces rendezvoufed there : and all that remailj for us to fay here, is, what they did when- they arrived ; St. ChriJIopherX The Captain General, Chrijiopher Codrington, Elq; con manded in this Expedition in Ferfon, and failed from JfJml with the Land Forces, on Thurfday the 19th of Jml x6^o ; and the fame Evening the Fleet came to an Anchd before the Ifland of St. Chrijiopher\ in Frigat-Bay. in tij Night, eight Frigats weighed, and fell down three Leagu^ to leeward, to amufe and harafs the Enemy ^ and the ne Morning they returned. That Day the Enghjh ply'd th great Guns from Tome of the Frigats, which lay neareftl with the Shore, upon the French In their Trenches, received fome Shot in Exchange from a Baftery of Guns they had there, but without any Damage on the Si(| of the Englijh. At Night a Council of War was hd ^Hift&ry of St. Chriftophcr'j. Apitxl |he CoQimodore, at which aflilled the General and GfldO£Bcer$)'^the chief Commandeisof the Men of War. . AccoF^wg to the Refolutions by them taken, Major 0&- ^.Thornhilly with 400 of his own Regiment, and a De- llbinentiOf 150, out of the Regiments of Nevis, Antego^ ^Mmtfirrat^ landed the next Morning between two and |etof the, QocJc, with the Forelorn, at the little 5/»/nPi/j> ,^; t League to the Windward of Frigat-Bay. The Field- i||rk were Matches about their Left Arms. The Enemy pe no Oppofitioo, having left that Place unguarded by afon of its Situation,. it lying at the Foot of a Hill, jcb is almoft inaccelHble, and over which they thought it ipoihble for Men to march. The EngUjh mount^ this p Afcent, by a Path frequented by none but wild.Goats^ in fome Places To near .a Perpendicular, that they were ced to ufe their Hands as well as their Feet, in climbing About break of Day they gained the Top, where received a Volley of about feven or eight Shot, from le Scours placed there, who immediately upon their firing ircd. Tvyo Officers were wounded by thofe Shot, and e of them died of his Wounds foon after. Sir Timothy ynhill left one Company to fecure the Pafs upon the iill, and led his Men down a third Part of it, before they [ere difcovered by the French, who then fired briskly upon Engtijb from their Trenches, wounded feveral Men, among others Major General Thomhill himfelf, who Ihot through the Small of his Left- Leg, which obliged to ftay the Binding of it up : But his Men, Creoleans ill of them, ran refolutely down upon the Enemy, and [ed them in their Trenches j at the fame Time that the e of Bolton*s Regiment, and the Marines^ landed at Bay. In which A£tion Colonel Kegwin received a lortal Wound, of which he foon after died. r,Colonel Holt, who commanded the Duke of Bolten^s ;iinent, and aded here as Lieutenant General, charged Enemy (b bravely, that he forced them to quit their la Diforder, and leave the Englijh Mafters of the Field. teen French and Englijh were killed in this Difpute. Sir Titnothy Thornhill and the wounded Men being fent Board the Ships, and the Forces all landed, were drawn into four Battalions. Colonel Holt, who led the Van, ru ordered with bis Regiment to take the Road adjoining to Sea. Lieutenant Colonel John Thomas, at the Head of BarbadasKegiment, marched thro' the Country ; and Col. Iliiams with the ^»/<^0 Regiment, marched ata Diftancc, as Referve to that Body. The other four Regiments kept their iU, and waited for farther Orders. Attor 2S3 lit;! I •*'>m;. M n. ' ' ' ■ ■ ■' ' •"M ',■'• ' j /■ /^, I V^''*' i m 'f ,1 )=■ I 284 The Hipry of St Chriftophcr'j, After an Hour's March, Coloftcl Holt came up withi fmall Party of the Enetny, and routed them. The Com panies of Frtnch which ran from Frigat-Bay, joining wj^ the reft of their Forces, they all advanced againft th Mnglijhy and having the Advantage of the Ground, an three to one in Number, they charged the Barbados Reg mcnt. After a (harp Difpute of half an Hour, the Frni had almoft furrounded the Englijh ; but Colonel fP^illian coming up with the Referve, and attacking them vigorouflj and unexpededly, the Barbadians were fo encouri^ed, thi they pretfed refolutely on, and beat the Enemy out of ti Field in Confufion, one part flying to the Mountains, aij the reft betaking themfelves to the Fort, which former belonged to the Englijh. The four Regiments at Frha Bay were upon this ordered to march up, and Colonel Hull Raiment alfo joined Colonel Thomas, After which J whole Army was drawn up into one Body, and the Soldid were permitted to drink by Companies at the adjacent We And Ofterns. • --While the Army was thus refrefhing, the Cockfwaini the Commodore came with Advice to the Captain Gene that the Men of War having fallen down before theTo^ »nd Fort of Bajfe-Terre^ the French^ after firing two \ three Rounds, ftruck their Flag, fet the Town on FiJ and quitted it, but by the Diligence of the Seamen, vl came adiore from the Frigats, it was extinguiihed. Upon which General Codr'mgtm marched immediately I Bajfe-Terre^ defigning to quarter the Army there tl| Night ; but the Enemy having left Store of Wine, other Liquors behind them, and he fearing the Difordersj might breed among the Soldiers, altered his Refolu ons, and only halted there, placing his own Company I Guards, commanded by Colonel Byam, in the Mafs-hoiJ He then ordered the Army to march to the Jefuits Convei lying about a Mile above the Town ; where they were dnJ up again, and Orders were given to lie by their Arnw [ Nighr. '- • ■'■•"• 'I" ..:>.^-i ju; i- Guards were fet, and Parties fent oiit to drive in Cai The Englijh found Store of Flower, Bread, ^c. ini Convent. The Night proved wet, siid it rained with IntermiflTion till Morniner j but the Officers generoii fliared the Weather with the Soldiers, fcarce any, exceptlj general Officers, going into the Convent for Shelter. The next Morning the Army marched down to Town, the CommiHary General having fecured the Liquj in a convenient Store*houre : The Soldiers had free Libei ne Hi/iory of St Chriftophcr'x. ■ID piunuer the Town, and the Commiflary of each R^i- Lflt diftribuced alfo Wine and Brandy among them. The fort here was mounted with id Guns, which the Enemy had Lied and fpiked ^ but the Engii/h cleared them again. I In the Afternoon Major Gunthorp was fent with 150 hjeo out of the /'4ego Regiment, to gain and fecure a kfs, which W2; ' ught to be poffeffcd by the Enemy. In lij inthe Way to tj EngUJh Fort, and the French quitt^ ie IlKibre Major Gunthorp came ivp. The next Day the Englt/h continued in the Town j and b the Evening, the Country all round ic was in Flames, being Ijiicd by the Engti/h N^roes, who came from' the Mouo- liiosj where they had lain fince xh&it MaSxti \3a,c EngUJb liere beaten 06F the Illand. < The Day following General Codrington, with the whole oy, inarched towards the Fort, and that Night encamped jt three Miles from it, having the like Ul Fortune oS ay Weather. The fame Day the Men of War weighed om Baffe-Terre^ and fell down to Old-Road ; and the ^beelrbarrows. Shovels, Pick-Axes, ^c, were brought Iiore. On Viurfday Morning, the 20th of June^ the Englijh cbed within a Mile of the Fort, and encamped under ert of a high Hill ; a Detachment out of Colonel EarH jment being fent, under the Command of Captain Wil" m BtttUr, to fecure the Top of it. The next D^ the Commodore's two Chafe-Guns, and Pounders, were brought aihore, in order co be drawn up the Top of the Hill 9 and the Marine Regiment, under Command of Cok}nel Kirby^ Captain of thtSuccefs Man War, was employed to cue and clear a Path for the m% them up j which was done in two Days time, a Plat« m laid, and the Guns mounted on it. Baskets of b were thrown up, for a Covering from the Enemy's it lying open to the Fort. On which they began to ilay on the ^qth of Junty the very firft Shot doing Exe- don. The Frigats alfo weighed from Old-Read^ ftood n to (he Fort, and battered it ; the whole Army at the Time marching into a deep and wide D;tch, between Hill and the Forr, within Musket Shot of ic. In the Afternoon the Frigars ftood up again to Old-Road\ the Guns from the Hill kept playing incefTantly till At which Time the EngUJh began their Entrench- its, running (from the Ditch where they lay encamped) Trench, with a Half-Moon at the End, capable of hold^ 400 Men. J One 285 i; <^ »i ,' ■1 ■ ' fi ■'^'-^ 11^ 286 iT^e Hiftory of St. ChrfftopherV; On the ift of July, one of the Nevis Regimente, ar part of the jintigo Regiment, was fent under the Con niand of Colonel Charles Pym, to take a fmall Fort of th3 Enemy's, about three Miles diftant . from the Camp] which they furprized, and made 50 Men Prifondrs. In the Evening, Lieutenant General Holt having gived Orders to the Out-guards that were placed towards the For to fire, without challenging any one who (hould coo. that Way ; Himfelf afterwards riding by them in the Dusk] to view the Works, was (hot into the Body by one Gibbonl an Irijhmany who was one of the Soldiers upon Duty. hJ returned to the Camp, and languilhed long of the Wound with little Hopes of Recovery. Gibbons was tried by { Court- MarHial, but after a full Hearing, acquitted. . The Guns on the Hill proving fo ferviceable, on the i{ of July four more, of a larger Size, were drawn up • bul one of them fplitting at the firft Firing, and the reft beinJ incommodioudy planted, they were no more made ufe on The fame Day four Companies of the Enemy marched oiil of the Fort, and drew up before the Gate^ but in aQiiarte of an Hour they marched in again. The Englijh having finiOied their Half- Moon, ran anotli Trench alx)ut a Quarter of a Mile below it, able to cone a like Number of Men. And at a like Diftance below du they began another, wide enough to draw the Carriages 1 the great Guns through. The four following Days they continued quiet in dial Trenches, and at Night ran on their Works. The Fra^ fired Day and Night upon them with great Guns and Arms, but did them little Dam^e: Whereas the Guns the Hill extremely galled the Enemy, leaving no Comer the Fort uniearched. Some Hundreds of French being od in the Mountains, headed by one Monfieur Pinelle, Parti were daily fent abroad, commanded by the Officers in 1 Turn:, to fcour them out. And the Major General, Timothy Thornhill, being returned, went himfelf, on the 7^ of Jufyy at the Head of 200 Men, on the fame Defigoj but could not meet with any Enemy to eng^ehim, the Frm\ lurking fometimes in one Place, and fometinoes in anotb However he took fome Prifoners, many Negroes, andi . of Cattle. After Sir Timothy ThornhiWs Return to the Camp, a Pn damation was made by beat of Drum, in feveral Places 1 the Ifland, by the Command of the General,, that all would come in, in three Days Time, (hould receive bis Pro tcdtion, CO fecure their Perfons 6pom the Outrages, oftb „ " " Soldiers! ton, ran anothd The Hiftory. of St ChriftopherV. Soldiers. Several Families furrenderedihemfclvcs; of whom pjsj were permitted to return to their Houfes, and keep jjjjnc fmall Stock, till farther Orders. Monfieur PinslU ilfofent 1 a Flag of Truce from the Mountains, to acquaint General Codrtngton^ that he could not come in without I^ave from the Governor. However he aflured him, he Kjuld remain quiet, and give free Paflage to any of the Ifi^lijh he fliould meet with. The Army continued in their Trenches the loth and nth jf the fame Month, having run them within Piftol Shot of die Fort. They had a Half-Moon over againft the Gate, on jbich they planted feveral Colours, two 1 8 Pounders, and 'p 12 Pounders ; but before they were mounted, on Sa^ ^day the larh of July, the Drums beat a Parley in the fort, and four Perfons marched out with a Flag of Truce. t were met in the Pafture, between the Englt^ Trenches y the Fort, by Major Legard^ and by him conduced to [General Codrwgton, After fome Treaty Hoftages were given on both Sides : htnch Major continued with the Englijh, and Lieutenant )lonel Not was fent to the French. Captain Hamilton m. alfo with him, as an Interpreter. Notwithftanding the 'leaty, General Codrhgton continued in his Works, joining Trench to the Enemy*? Trench, through which they ufed come from the Fort to the Well. Out-Guards were iced under the Walls, and at the Gates of the Fort: And in Evening the £»^//^jiiounted their Guns on the Battery. lut 12 a Clock in the Night, there wasa Canoo let over Fort- Walls, (it being fituate by the Sea- fide) which ran d a Sloop that came clofe in with the Shore, under crt of the dark Night. The Engltjh lee fly a whole 'oll^ upon them, which made them haften away. Captain Hamilton came to the Gentry, at the Fort- Gate, ordered him to acquaint Sir Timothy Thornhill, that there a Ship fccn off. Upon which Mr. Spencer, his Secretary difpatchedaway to Old-Road, to give Commodore Wnght [odce of it ^ but in the Interim, a Brigantine was fent in riiiit of the Sloop. The Commodore immediately ordered two Frigats to eigh, and put out in Search of the faid Ship, a Sloop -^ [hich they did : And the next Day they returned, withouc ig any Veflel. - ; i, . /.. All the while the Englijh were attacking the French at , there were two Men of War that cruized about to ;e any French Ships that might arrive there, either by Ogn or Chance j buc chey met with none. 4 Oa 287 m ■ '■ .4'« :■.*'. ■ liNt* m' M i!^ 288 ^e ttiftory of St. Chriftopher'j. On the 14th of Jufy^ the Fort wm furrenderedto Gt.^, ral Codrington^ upon the fame Articles thit the EngHjh had^ v^hen they delivered up the Fort to the French. ' After the Enemy inarched out, the Engli/h Flag was mi up, the King's and Queen's Health were drank, the grea] Guns thrice fired, and three Volleys made by the whold Army. The Fort v/as quadrangular, confifting of four Flankers, with three Curtains between each. On each Flanker werd mounted five Guns. The Walls were of Stone, about zq Foot high, furrounded with a deep Ditch, 12 Foot wide over which was a narrow wooden Bridge. In the Middle the Fort were two Mounts, thrown up for Batterit There was alfo a Well, bur upon firing the Guns, the Wsi] ter prefently dried away. There was ftore of Provifion Liquors, and Powder ^ but they wanted Shot. The Engli/h had about 100 Men killed and wounded re-taking this Ifland j which in general is very ftrong, thci] being feveral fmall Fortifications and Breaft-Works all round except where it is naturally fortified with Hills and Shoais.1 The Inhabitants were about 1800 Men, befides Wome Children, and Negroes, who were all, (except the Ne who were to be divided as Plunder^ tranfported to thel of Hifpaniola } only fome particular Perfons had the Favo granted them, to be carried up to Martinico. After a few Days Refrefliment, Sir 'timothy Thomhill barked with his own Regiment in tho Sloops, and the Mark on board the Frigats, and fet fail for the Ifland of St. Eup The fame Day, the 20th of July, he came before t Ifland, and fent Captain Hamilton afhore, with a Flag Truce, to fummon the Governor and Inhabitants to furr der : But the Governor returned Anfwer, That he wo defend the Place to the utmoft. The next Morning the Frigats began to batter the Fo and the Major General landed with his Men, at the fifl Time under a high QiflF, which they afcended. Thev not marched far, after they got up, before they perceived li Dutch Colours in the Woods. Upon which a Pany lent to difcover them ^ who returned with an Accc that it was Colonel Scorer, (the Governor of the Ifland the Dutchy when the French took it) with a loo Men 1 der his Command ; who came from Saba, and landed th three Days before ^ but not having Strength enough tot the Fort, (into which the Inhabitants were fled) hede' to get what Plunder he could, and fo go off again, refufed to join with Sir Timothy Thomhill, becaufe bei Tie Hifiory of St. Chriftopher'f. ^ Imded, and (b accordingly be went ofF the next Day. X'^ Major General proceeded in his March towards the fort, and encamped within Mu$ket-ihot of it, under the gifing of a (mail HUl. n..,. v^.. ; . .'. The next Day the Marine Regiment landed, and thq Shofds, Pick-axes, ^c, being brought afliore, the Englijh' tegan their Entrenchments, running their Trench along by ibeForr, within Musket-fliot of it. After five Days Siege, ihe Gaveraor lent out a Flag of Truce, with Articles ; buc ^ was fo high in his Demands, that Sir Timothy refufed jieo, and returned for Anfwer, That if he did not defcend poaore reaiboable Terms within three Days, he would (iyehioi and his Men no Quarter. Within the prefcribed 'ime, aqpther Flag of Truce came out of the Fort, and ^Governor fiirrenidered it upon Quarter for Life, and to mrcb put with their Baggage. The Fort was mount;ed litfa i^ great Guns, was furrounded with double Rows of [SB^es, the Intervals filled with Earth, and wichouc thac Pallifadoes. On jthe one Side of which was a deep , and oyer it a verjr narrow Bridge, leading to the !, admitting but one at a Time. The besfi^ed wer|s 60 Men, (the Women and Children being fent off Time belbrc.) They had a Well £or Wat^r, about 2p els of Flower, fomc Salt-fiHi and Pork, and a fmaU ity of Ammunition. They behaved tbemielves very ively during the Siege, efpeciaUy the Governor, who was f i&ve in firing the great Guns. Sir Timothy Thornhill but eight Men killed and wounded in taking this IHand, eiielefi: one Company, under the Command of Liei^ce- 'John Mackarthur^ and then returned to $t. Chrijiophit's^ the whole Fleet, carrying the Inhabitants with him Pri- atidftoro thimce they weie tranfported to Hifpaniola, lieutenant PiUtington was afterwards fent down with a ipaoy of the Duke of Bolton's Regiment, to relieve , Madarthur, The Inhabitants of the Ifiand of St. BanholQmei^\ who brought up Prtfoners from thence to Nevts^ being It down to St. Ckrijafhsr^s^ before that Ifland was re- ), there met with their Wives and Families j and after Ifland was recovered by the Englijh^ were defirous to « under an Er^li/b Government. Upon which Generjil ringion gave them Liberty to return to their Ifland, tran- tcd them thither, and granted a Commiffion to one Cap- Lt Grapdy a former Inhabitant among them» to be ir Governor, and to keep and defend chc Ifland in the Vol. II. . .. . U . Name 289 \ii .Ml I, '^' *■' 1- 'I; ^ \y ""Ml •if. M|i 1 f p':..4, .? .■> !^ f' , •iFlftpp it: \l f.^-;-!:; , ' ■' 1 • ;*; I1 •• , .-r I- •(■*-■'■ y ^^^ If' it 'i'S 1 '" -A >^^ i:'!4i tgo He Hiftory of St. Chriftophcr'^; '' Name of their Majcftics King WtlHam and Queen Marj^ under which Government it continued feveral Years. * The Englijh thus far went on fuccefsfiiliy, and great Talk there was that they would drive the French quite out of | the Charibbet'Iflands. The next Expedition was to be againft Guardahup, Gc- neral Codrington ordered the Forces to be muftered in Oaobtr I and be in aReadinefs to embark. Commodore IVright was reinforced with fix ftouc Merchant Men, fitted out for Men of War at Barbados^ and more Men were fent from that Ifland, under Colonel Bottler and Colonel Salter. The Troops rendezvoufed at St, Chrj/iopber'Sy where Lieutenant! Colonel Not was left with a Garrifon, to fecure the Inhabi- tants as well againft the French and their Negroes, who had fled to the Mountains, as againft any Enemy that might invade the liland. This Precaution was very neceflary ; for tbq French and their Slaves in the Mountains often defcended into the Valleys, and in one Defcent killed 15 Soldiers out of on j Company of Foot, that was left there. Captain IVright was accufed of being very remifs in Duty i and that through Jealouly of General Codrington^ Fear of the French^ he was the Ruin of the Expedition td Guardaloup, He took no Care to fcour the Charibttd Seas of French Privateers, which almofi: furrounded Bariaf dos ; and what he did at Guardaloup, is not worth mention though he had a good Fleet, well man'd and equip'd. and General Codrington (as a Man of Honour wrote to hj Friend) defer ted Guardaloup, without any Reafon^ only mk *Jealmfiei, and Fear of the French Fleets when we hal three times the Number of Men that the French had, 7¥ left their Mortar Piece behind them. The French ai \\ fame lime deferted it alfo, concluding wt were going toattai Martinico ; fi that any body might for a Time have pofiff the Ifland. We have fpoken of this Enterprize in the Hiftory of h iados, fo we (hall fay no more of it here. The Englijh i tinucd Mailers of all St. Chri/lopher'Sy and the French 1 fpaired of recovering their Part, but by a Peace. Onthea,ido( March, 1694, Commodore ^//wo/arriw here, with the Fleet and Land-Forces defigned for Jami\ and from thence he proceeded on his intended Voyage. On the 23d of January, 16^6. the Addrefles and Ad ciationsof the Chief Governor, Deputy Governors, Coii| cils, AfTembiies, OfHcer« Civil and Military, and all principal Inhabitants of his Majefty's Leeward Chariiii j/lafidsf which bad been fenc over by Colonel Chrijld CodrinM ^the Hiftory of St, Chriftophcr'^. CidriHgtonf Chief Governor of thefc Iflands, were prefent- ed to King William^ by the CommKnoners for the Affairs of the faid Iflands. : 1697. Colonel CoU'wgweod arrived at the Leeward' iMKds with his Regiment ^ and himfelf, and Part of his Sol- diers were quartered in St. ChriJiopher\ where the Coloneri ^dy and Family alfo fettled. The Climate did not agree with them, nor much with the Soldiers. Mrs. ColUngwood 10(1 her Children died in the following Year j at which Time I CcJonel Codringtmy Son of General Codrington, was in Pof- fcJTion of the Government of the Leeward- Iflands^ his Fa- I jier being dead. On the 1 3 th of January, that Part of St. Chriflopher\ I which had been taken from the French in the War, was re- to them, in Purfuance of the Treaty of Refwick^ I bat they did not enjoy it long; for in 7«»/, 1702. Q)lond \iii,rmiton having received Advice of the Declaration of tht ffrfcnt War with France, attacked the French Part of St. \0«\fi<^her*^, and after firing but one Volley of Shot, their [Fort was furrendered to him. lo the Hiflory of Antego we have given an Account of ICoionel Codrington's Expedition againfl Guardakup, and the |^fr«»c/& Iflands, of which he took St. Bartholomew*^ and Some Time before the Surrender of the Fort by the \ltmth, an odd Accident happened in their Part of St. Chri' ftpbtr^s. Monfieur de Gennesy the French Governor, had ' the Widow of a Proteflant Merchant of Rechelle^ had a Daughter of that Religion, whom he endeavour- all he could to pervert, and employed a Jefuit to deal nth her to that End. The Prief^, being convinced by the J Gentlewoman's Arguments or Beauty, went off with to the £»^//)% Settlement ; and Monfieur de Gennes dc- ndiog them, fome Englijh Gentlemen took the Lady and I Jefuit in the Night, and conveyed them to Nevis, where bePrieft profefled the Proteftant Religion, and married the ung Gentlewoman. In the Year 1704.. Sir ffllliam Matthews, Brigadier Ge- in her Majefly's Armies, was appointed to fucceed pol. Codrington in the Government of the Leeward-IJlands^ he failed from England about the Beginning of June^ fithfixMen of War, and 12 Tranfport Ships, having on ird fome Land Forces. Captain IValker being Commo- pre. The Ships Crews proved healthy, all but the Bur- ri Man of War, where 200 Men died. Sir JVilliam Mat- fm^jhimfelf died aboard the Commodore j and we hear no U 3 more 291 * '■NWii vy\ '.3 lii5 '{t "'A. ;||; 'r 1*1 \ •; W'M\"- k^m\ ^92 ^e Ht/kry of St. Chriftophcr'j. more of thcfe f flands, till Colonel Daniil t*ari w» made| Governor of them, in the Year 17 . " c Prtncf) iandcdl here, before they made their fatal Dc'" " t on Nevis. Theirl Forces were eti^arked aboard five Men of War, and 20I Sloops. They attacked the Fort, and being repulfed, fc\{ imong the Plantations, fome of which they burnt, md plundered the Inhabitants. The Governor of Barbados havn ing Notice of it, fent down a Sloop to the Lieutenant Ga vernor of St. Chri/^opher'st to acquaint him, that Acre wa a ftrong Squadron of Englijh Men of War coming to hi AfTiftancc j in Hopes that upon this News the Frtnch woulij retire, \yhich had the defired EfFeft : For ts foon as th French heard of it, they immediately left the Ifland, takiiu with tfiem 6 or 700 Negroes, which Monfieor Ibbtrni^ fold at Vera Cmx. The Inhabitants of St. Chrjfiopher*i folicited to hav their Lofles made up to them, as well as rhofe of Nm\ and they fuflered alio in the late terrible Hurrkane, not fo much ts the latter did. For Want of fuffiaient Infortnttion, I am obliged to I filent as to the Government of Col. Johnfm^ Lieutenaii General and Commander in Chief of the Lieward-IJlmdi^ " ^having fpokcn fo largely in the Article of Antego of the Dij fcntions in the Leeward-IJlands^ under the Government i Col. ^arkj I (hall only touch upon what particularly rclatq to this Ifland, Nevis tnd Monf/errut. * That Governor held a General Affcmbly tt St. Chrijlopl) in the Year 1710, the Reprefcntatives of the Councils ai^ AlTemblies of all the other Leeward- JJlands which were the ' The General Council. ^'^ Henry Burrel, Efqj Stephen Payne^ E(q; "James Bevan, E(qj yohnNorwoodf Efq; George Lyddelly Efq; George Milward, Efq; John Hamitiont Eftji ffilliam Byam^ Efqj The General Aflembly. Robert Cunningham^ Speaker. ^Clement Creoke, Efq; Jajper Ferchell, Efq; Anthony Ravell^ Efq: miliam White, Efq; Edward Parfons^ Efij; fyUliam Barzey, Efq; Efq; Anthony Fox, Efq; Samuel PFatkins, Efq; ^ J John Painter, Efq; John Duor, Elq; Richard Cockran, Efq; Daniel Mackennen, Efq; Richard millet, Efq; ne Hijlory of St. Chriftophcr'j. But the DifiFercnce that then immediately rofe between lOeocral Park and the Gtneral AJftmbly about choofing a Clerk, hindered the Difpatch of any Bufincfi. Mr. Park ^d eiven a Comminion to one Caleb RawUigh^ to be Clerk Lf the Aflcmbly naec at Old Road^ in March i-jio^ and they Ad Nem. Con. That it is their Right and Privilege to S loint their own CUrk^ and any Officer or Servant thereto ongiogt which is To much in Reafon, that all other Ufages Lnotfccm to juftify the Governor's Obftinacy, in refuling Lcotne to any Temperament with the Reprefentatives met L a critical Jundurc ; for Fear of giving Way to them in a Pundiilio of Prerogative, and he widened this Difference |n aoother, hL« fending Meflages to the AfTembly by his \irmfi MarHial's Deputy; tho* it had been the condanC Caftom for a Member of the Council to bring MelTtges from the Governor and Council to the AfTembly, which they DOW defired might be continued : But Col. Park refufed this too, alledging that bccaufe the Houfe of Lords in England^ did not fend a Peer with MefTages to the Commons, but a Judge or Mafter in Chancery ; therefore he made Ufe of the IDeputy Mardial, an 06licer of not much better Rank than \^\.^{^Bumh-Batly\'CiEng^and, The Council, who welt knew that the Members of the Aflembly were every whit as llioaourable as themfelves, excepting only their Seat at their [own Table, were not fo llifF as General Pari, and declared Itbey were ready to carry MefTages from the General to the UJfmhfy. I The AfTembly. having chofen Mr. Giles Cokes to be their jClerk, the Governor threatened to fend him to Jail if he Muiftaft as fuch ; and when they then pitched upon Mr. Cle- Imt Crooke, one of their Members, to take their Minutes, Ihe gave them to underftand, no Affembly Men could be ad- Imitted to do it according to the Pnu^ice in England^ which heinfifted upon ftrenuoufly to be his Rule of Government, bimfeif as Sovereign, the Council as the Houfe of Lords, the Af&mbly as the Houfe of Commons. *Tis plain, that )^?rerogative was the delightful Part of the Conftitution which he adhered fo inflexibly, becaufe he is clothed vithit by Comminion; but he ought to have remember- tbey required him to proceed according to the Cuf- X and Ufage of thefaid Iflands, and that the Aflembly af- tedthetJiage and Cuftoms to be what they claimed in the [Choice of their Clerk. What he faid in Anfwer to their Haitn of Privilege, (hews that he was not To much in Love vith AiTemblies as with the fovereign Power. 293 tmi 'i:>\ -'^y It :' ■■- '■ if * 1 ' U3 nu You will find y fays he, tvtn in Antfgo no yfjimblin forftvtral | TiarSf and St. ChiiUophcr'i was gwirned all tht latt Ivar^a Govtrntr and Council of Militia Offictrsy and tht Fort ^Brioi- ^onQ'WiW was then huilt, Anguilli, Spani(h T«(/», «n..'jed the . tench King be (b generous to Britijh Subjcds in this Particular. Upon the CefTion of thefe Lands and the Evacuation ( the Ifland by the Frenchy many Proje£ts were oflfered to 1 Publick for the Di<]x)ial of thofe Lands for publick and pri| vat'; Ufe. And before the Parliament of England took M%j inte Confideration, and voted that the (aid Laoii ne mjlory of St. ChriilophcrV. IhouM be difpofcd of folely for the Ufe of the Publick, the Generals of the LetwtirdlJIands for the Time being, made Grants of the Frtmh ! anda, for what C'onfiderations they diought fie, and took them away again ; fometimes after fuch I isbad Pofledion of them had been at great Expence to culti- Lte and plant. This is partirnlarly laid to the Charge of 'General Hamilton, who diffnAcflcd John Thornton, Efq; jitc Chief Juftice of Nevis, of a (Plantation of thcfc French jiinds by a forcible Entry ^ an J did the iu le by Mr. Chrif- \^hir Stoddart. of a Plantation adjoining to sir. Hart's in \Sefe-Terre. Mr. Stoddart fays In his Petition to one of the principal Secretary's of State, General Hamilton Jiids at no- /% to gratify his tyrannical Humour and previd fot hit \Crtotures, tho* at the Expend of my Labour ar ' Indujin ; and \]»\ kch Methods to gain his corrupt Ends, Oi nujl fiU 'ill his \ \l 'Hfs Subjects in his Government, with dij/al jlppi ehen^ ' the Precarioufnefs of their Properties, wo^n they fee a Xchitf Jujlice, Clement Crook, Efq-, removed for not being \mchtrou/ly complying with his Purpofe in fo unjuJi'Hable a m^tt^^Ht ^' '^' eje£fing of me out of my jujl I ffejfwnj^ mhout any other Ground for it than the Pleafure of the [aid \G(ntraly and another Judge Matthew Mills, Efq; put ; his \?hct, on whom he could depend for the Execution ef al his \Cmmnds, Mr. French the Cbaribhee Hiftorian has no Restraint upon Pen, when he compliments Col. Park's Friends, ^r ccn- jliires their Opponents ; what he (ays hae of Mr. Mills a {very injurious to the Reputation of one whofe religious Edu • ition and honeft Life I had perfefk Knowledge of, and can bardiy think the Air of the Charibbees can fo change the Dttitution of a Man's Mind ai well as Body, as to cor- the founded in the Manner this Writer paints it. And the Air is not fo unhealthy to the Body as fome fay it is, be fame Mr. Mills may prove, it being three and fifty Ifears ago that I myfelf went with him, when he was to mbark at Gravefend for Nevis, Ten thoufand Acres of theie French Lands are reckoned btne of the beft Ground in the Ifland, and 5000 other Acres ^f theoi of kfs Value. I know not what Sums have been liied by the Sale of them, but 80,000 /. of that Mone/ m in Bank, and appropriated by Parliament for the Pay- it of a Dower to her Royal Highnefs the Princefs of nange. But let the Sale of them amount to what it will, if natimjJ JSerchant is right in his Argument, the Ceffion the French Part of this Ifland to us, was among the falfe ftepj taken by the Managers of the Utrecht Treaty, tho' they U 4 boufted 295 I. : 1 <, ii!i :U, {''-{ i-. » I 'k ''L . !' 296 Letters, p, 29. &feq. m 1 s 1 M 1 », 1 iis, p Cn'n raifed hythe Litu- ttntiut Ce- ntral. "The Biftory of St. Chriftopher'f. boaftcd much of the great Advantage they had procured b it for Great-Britain. See his own Words. * Some will fay, was not the French Part of the Ifland ol * St. Chrijiopber's yielded up to Great-Britain by France, « and is not the whole Ifland becpme our Property by thi' < Ireaty of Utrecht P Yes, yes, there lay the Gatne, thi « French Ifhew it, we did not. To explain whac I meai. ' it is neceflary to advance what I fear at firft will look likJ * a Paradox, ^hat even this very Ceflion of /A* French PaJ * of St. ChriftopherV to us, was a Point that turned more ii * Favour of France than of Great-Britain, which I prove thui ' France has for very many Years had two Things in View] * One, the fully peopling Martinique^ Guardalokp, and the ad * jacent Iflands in the Charibbees, and the pofleffing herfelf ( * Hifpaniola, and peopling that Ifland alfo with great Nun * bers of Inhabitants : Secondly, to remove aU her Subje6 * off from the fmaller Iflands, as St. Martin\ St. Bartht * lomew% and Santa Cruz, and to fettle them in the gre ' Iflands. But St. Chrijiopher's being the firft of herSeitlej * mcnts, (he found it no eafy Matter to remove her Inhabil * tants from thence. They would not leave their old Habij * tations and Neighbours for new ones, being too well fixed] * notwithftanding all the Temptations and Encouragemenif * that were offered them. The Ceflion therefore of ' French Part of St. Clrijiopher^i exadly anfwered the Wilha ' and Defigns of France, by furnifliing the great Iflands witl ' fuch a Number of feafoned and experienced Planters, whj ' have been of excellent Service to ftrengthen them, and io * fl:rudl the linw European Supplies of Inhabitants in the makinj * of Sugar, ^jc. Is it not as plain t6 be feen as the Sun, thats * the Treaty of Utrecht we took the very Bait the Frmh\ai * propoffd for us, and thcfreby alfo took off all the Odiun * from the French Court : For the French Subjedts at %\ ' Chriflopher\ looked on the Englijh as the fole Authors! * all their Troubles, and the Caufe of their Removal frorj * their ancient Habitations. In fliort by this Treaty of * irccht^ we did more for the French than they could do f(]| * thcnift'Ives. We contented ourfclves with four or fiv ' fmall Iflands for the Sake of a prefent Advantage, whic * the French did not think worth keeping.* In the Year 1715, the Government of St. Chrijhphci\ made a bold Attempt in raifing the current Coin of th Ifland, contrary to the Proclamation and the A Minute. ne Hipry of St, Chriftopher'j. Jlt a Meeting 6f the Council the 23^ o/*Auguft, 1715, Prefent the Honourable the Lieutenant General^ and eight Counfellors, < The Council were of Opinion, that it would be of Be- I < nefit to this Ifland, to raife the Value of French Crowns to U-ju and fo in Proportion for Half Crowns and garter ( Crowns, upon which the following Order was directed to < be a£Bxed in the fever^ Towns of this Ifland/ 297 1; * By the Honourable the Lieutenant General in Council. * It is this Day ordered in Council that French Crowns pais current^ and be taken in Payment after the Rate of 7 x. ■ a-picce, and all French Half Crowns and garter Crowns I' in Proportion to the aforefaid Rate, and of this all Perfons I \ are required to take due Notice. ' It appears by another Minute of Council the 15 th of Ja^ |iii(tfr)'i7i5-6, that the Lieutenant General began to refledt 00 his lace Tranfadiotl, and to be fufpicious of the Penalty 1 of it, which made him call his Council to his AfSftrnce, to jbom he propofcd this Qucftion, whether the Order he had Uorany of them by the AfTembly or AfTemblies of all or i|Qyof ourfaid Illands, and that neither you nor they do I receive any Gift or Prefent from any of the fatd Aflemblies, fon any Account or in any Manner whatfoever, on Pain of I being recalled from that our Government.' Houic Rent not exceeding 400 /. per Ann. is excepted. We (hould here finiih the Hiftory of the Englijh Leeward^ Mdiy becaufe thefe are all that are within this Govern- Ut: But there are two other fmall Charibbee-Iflands be- llggging to the Englijh^ which remain next to be ipoken of; Las to their Situation, they maybe as well called Leeward- mnii as the others, we mean Barbuda and Anguilla. 299 . .1 M. .ii i''t;« 0/ B A R B U D A. i 1^ f ; iS' (HIS Ifland, which is by fome called Barhouthos^ lies in 17 Degrees 30 Minutes North Latitude. It is about || Miles long, lying North Eaft from Montferrat. I The Land is low and fruitful, and the Engli/h began to nt it as early as Nevis^ Montferrat ^ dr any other of the oard-lflandsy St. Chri/iopher^s excepted ; for Sir Thomas Ifmtr who firft fettled there, placed a fmall Colony in this but the Charibbeans diilurbed them fo much, that fwere often forced to defert it and their Plantations. re hardly pafled a Year, but they made one or two In- rfions, and that generally in the Night, for they duril not cic them by Day : But the Damage the Englijh fuftained [them made them weary of dwelling in a Place where ' were fo much expofed to the Fury of the Barbarians ^ diminiOiing daily in Number, and the Europeans in- aiing, the Engli/h again poneded themfclves of Barbuda^ I were 500 Inhabitants 60 Years ago. There are now 1000 f 1200 Souls upon it. i The Proprietary is the Honourable Chrj/lopher Codrington^ |fq; and he puts in a Governor here, having the fame Pre- gative as the other Lords Proprietaries in their feveral Jurif- \^m\Xi America, This ,» m- ■.;*;., ■V ' ;>'■ 1 ;■ "t' ,;:i f. ■' ■' . ■ I ■ 5.: rr.'m f ■ ''■ ■■■• ,'■ 1 ? *B. ' ''C' i :, 300 T^^ Eijiory ^Anguilla. This Ifl«nd has brec* great Store of Cattle, and the Inha: i bitami employ tbemfelves moftly in that Sort of Husbandry Com and Provifions coming almoft always to a good Market' in the Sugar Iflands. There's Plenty of all Sorts of tame Cattle as in Europe^ I atid the Bn^ti/h live here much after the fame Manner as they do in the Counties of England', only their Labour in the Field is not fo hard as here, the Country being fo much hot- 1 ter. Col. Park*s Attempt to difpoflcls the Codringtm*i of this! IJland^ is ipoken of in Aniego. Next to it is, . A N G U I L L A, ANgws Infula, or Snake IJJand, fo called from its FigureJ ■^ being a long Tradt of Earth, but narrow, winding al. moft about near St. Martini : From whence it may cafil; be feen. It lies in i8 Degrees, 21 Minutes. The Country is level and woody, the Soil fruitful, am the Tobacco that grew there formerly was reckoned vci good in its kind. There's not a Mountain in it. Where it 11 bmadeflr, there's a Pond, about which the Englijh fettled the Year i()5o. Their Bufinefs, like the Inhabitants 01 Anguilla^ was to plant Ctorn, and breed tame Cattle ; foi which Purpofe they, bnought Stock with them. They weri poor, and continue To to this Day, bemgperiiaps the to Creatures in the World. Some People have gone fro Barbados , and the other Englijh Charibbee-JJlands, thithei and there they M^re like the firft Race of Men, without Go| vcrnment or Religion, having no Minifter nor Governi no Magiftrates, no Law, and no Property wordi keeping, a French Author is to be believed Vljle n'eji pas ejiimee va loir la peine qu^m la garde^ ny qu^on la cuUive. The Iflaa is not thought worth the trouble of defending or cultivadi it : In which perhaps the Frenchman is out ; for the Si being good, if an induftrious People were in Pofleffion it, they would foon make it worth defending. The way of the prefent Inhabitants is to take no Qre any Thing but Food and Rayment, vrhich are both on" enough, though of the two their Food is beft. They nerally marry here, and are given in Marriage, after the old Falhion. They have no Lawyers to put them to tl Expeni m ne Hiftory of Anguilla. Expcnce of Jointures ; nor Priefts, to pick Money out of their Pockets for Licences j they truft to Honour, and it jxiiog difficult for any Man or Woman here to make their Condition better or worfe by Change, there are feldom any Plvorces : And if there is any Reafon for them, the People have good Nature enough to put it up, every Man being his own xMafter, at leaft every Mafter of a Family. This is a I /oit of Primitive Sovereignty, where no Man's Power ex- ceeded the Bounds of his Houfliold. One would think fiich a poor People as this iliould live I quietly, and that no Enemy would pretend to invade them ; I indeed it was worth no Nttion's while, but the IVild Irijhy j we call them fo, to diftinguifli them from the Englijh of I, (land i and thefe Wretches thinking it was impoflible for jny Men to be poorer than themfelves, landed in the laft War, and took away from the Inhabitants of JnguUla the little they had. In the Year 1689. the French put them afhore, Ld they not only robbed, butabufcd, and barbaroufly treat- led the Engiijh. Sir Timothy Thornhilly who was then at Jtitego, hearing I of it, fent Captain Edward Thorn, with 80 Men, to bring off the Englijh that were on this Ifland, to prevent their [king fo infulted again. Whether tbey removed or not, we have not learnt, t)ut it lis certain, there are now 150 Families upon it, and 8 or [joo Souls, who live poorly, and we might fay miferably, if they were not contented j and confitieri.ng they defire no more, and that they want nothing neceffary for Lite, wl^y arc they not as "happy as the Inhabitants of ?^r» and Mexico ? 301 ■ *■ mm ' ^-« '^-mi 1 w -.,«; ;"> T n E ^' :i. .I' ;^ii.- ii'l'lM •♦'J? is: ( 302 ) v; • :^^ THE H I S T O R OF JAMAICA. mtf 1494; Columbus here. XS02. C H A P. I. Containing an Account of its Difcovery, SettleJ ment, the Conqueft of it by the Englijh ; and all other Events to the prefent Times. THIS Ifland had the Honour to be difcove by Chrijiopher Columbus himfclf, Difcoverer o| the New Worlds in his fecond Voyage fron Spain to the Weft-Indies. He landed here i the Spinning of May^ 1494, and found it tb moft beautiful and beft peopled Place he had yet feen in th^ new difcevered World. The Natives endeavoured to binda his landing, but fix or feven of them being wounded by 1 Spanijh Crofs-bowsj they became peaceable, bartered thd beft Goods with him for Trifles, and a young Mnj was fo fond of going with him to Spain^ that he could be hindered by the Entreaties of his Relations ^ upon whiclj Columbus took him aboard, and ordered that he ihould civilly treated. In the Voyage Columbus made to the New World m 150^ he.met with fuch bad Weather, and his Ships were To Worn eaten and Leaky, that he ran them afliore at this Ifland. HJ ilranded them as clofe tc^ether as he could, that they mm aoc budgej but lie lUady in the Water^ which they did all 01OII n m ■M ■1 i ■'?i^ ^:'% »' ;;|| 'tf " ■'d'&i f ' M It V l»:. mi m f ^Ml ^, .(;:n ■iti, •■ r I * W JM .M I >■'■ im % \i^ ii aj««=r;i»»* ssit«it»t-ii i> ' • M94' here, * ".'I ' ' :. • .M I • 1 i ' ■ . I. f". < -./ r i V ■ CT ." •/ ■■ -f .0 ■••■■ \)- ,^.. JSoa* F • ». ' *>1 ,v xvt.t; ■:--•-- ■^"'■-■'•' ""-^ .-:-car .m'»ti:T::s-eA-. i'--** ..♦--aw-v..-- --'■ ^he Hiftory of Jamaica. 303 oft up to the Deck. He then built Sheds on (h# ' iForcaftles for his Men to be in, keeping ^t\St W atch vent their being attacked by the Natives. He rufbre4 ^t of them to come on board, nor any of the Spanim ( hmafliorc, except fuch as were particularly appointed lu [courage the Traifick with the Indians^ who bartered Gold, ""*' btc, Provifions, Wr. for Bells, Beads, and other fuch*'" Joys, having neither Money nor Materials to build a Ship ' of the Wrecks he bought two large Canoos, in which fent his Secretary and others to Hifpanioby about 20 jes didant, where the Spaniards had then a Settlement (another Ship and Provifions, but the Spanijh Governor lere, envying Columbus's fuperior Authority as General Admiral in thefe Parts, hindered his Secretary's pro- ring a Ship to fetch him from Jamaica (the Englijh \m of this Ifland, for Columbus called it St. Jago^ and \mn not being Spanifl)^ Jamaica, its augmentative, muft (entirely Enghjh^ agreeing with no other Language.) Here uhtnti ttg t remained feveral Months, and was reduced to great ^'"»« «/ heights, tell at laft his Men mutinied, and moft of themJ*"*"^*' (fertedhim; feized 10 Canoos which Columbus had bought fthc Natives, and fet out from the moft Eafterly Point of |us Ifland, now Point Negtil, for Hi/paniola, but were xced back again, and roving up and down the Country, lundered the Indians for Subfiftence. To put a Stop to Kir Ravages, Columbus ordered one of his Brothers with a |sity of chofen Men to reduce the Mutineers to Obedience, veral of them were killed, and the reft fubmitted, after liich one of the Perfons whom Columbus had fent to Hi/- kiola returned to Jamaica with a Ship in which he and th« miards that remained here with him, removed to that (and, from whence he returned to Spain, and there died of [rief, chiefly for the ungrateful Treatment he met with from Court of Spain, for which he had found out a New hldy as he faid himfelf in an Epitaph he directed to be titoohis Tomb. jf Cajlilia y a Leon Nuevo Mondo die Colon. i He had in a former Voyge been feized by the Spanijh lovernor of Hifpaniola^ and fent to Spain in Chains, on a life Accufation; a fine Reward for that Service. He [rried the Remembrance and Refentment of that vile pge with him to his Grave, notwithftanding he came off pth Credit in Spain, and was employed as before, for he idered his Chains to be buried with him in his Gr<;ve, •if |1' "4 r\ ^ { . i ■' ■ i: « , Ift,!' . I» ;f -M .< ff . r.J t .. Ic m'l'-t':'^. J ; Ki' 304 ^jeWflory ^/'Jamaica.' It was three Years after his Death, befefg any ^a Colony was (ettlcd here. They flocked hith«t hrm Hir ■509. and built three Cities about the Year 1509. As S*v^i, .he North Coaft j Mellila on the fame Coaft, and Orijii on the South Coaft, towards the Weftern Part of the Iflan 14. Leagues from SevilU^ Delatt writes Mellila was bu by Columbus himfelf, but that is plainly erroneous; i\ Columbus needed not to have raifed Sheds on the Poops aj Forecaftles of his wrecked Ships, if he had had a Qcy 1 have houfcd his Men in, when he was the laft Time Jamaica. It is moft likely his Son and his brethren carril on the Settlement of the Spaniards^ and built thofe CitJ for them after his Death. His Son Diego, who wrote i Life, built the City of La Kga, which he called St. Ja^o i la Viga^ and the Situation of it being more plealant ai healthful than that of the other Cities, To many of the 1 habitants of the later removed thither, that ^eville^ Mi\\ and Ot iflan, were left almoft defolate, and St. Ja^o creafed in Buildings and People, till there were countd in| 1700 Houfes, two Churches, two Chapels and an Abb J)iego Columbus was the firft European Governor of tl Ifland. He alfo had all, or the greateft Part of it in pj petty, and his Succeflbrs if not himfelf, Defcendants frJ Columbus, were ftiled Dukes de la Vega^ but they exafted fJ high Rents from the Planters, that it was a great Diicouraj ment to them, and hindered the Growth of this Cm^ when the Spaniards were in PofTeffion of the Ifland, wh lies in 1 8 Degrees North Latitude, and is at an equal Diflan 20 Leagues from Cuba and Hifpaniola, 50 Leagues] Length from Eaji to JVeJl, and 20 or more in Breadth. The Spaniards lived nioftly at La Vcga^ and kept Slaveij plant there: After Portugal became fubjeft to Spain^ thcPJ ittguefe, a more induftrious Nation than the Spaniards^ wo| have improved the Culture and Commerce of Jamaica^ the Spaniards v/ere not very forward in giving them couragement. The Spaniards here minded no Sort of Manufacture | Trade, but lived lazily in Town upon what their Slaves broui them from their Stanchas or little Plantations in the Counj They fold fmall Quantities of Sugar, Tobacco and Clj colate. Hides, Pepper, Tallow and Cocoa Nuts, to • Matters of Ships as came hither^ yet for the Poffeflioni Place which they would not be at tjie Pains to culrivij they cut the Throats of 60,000 Indians Natives ot Ifland. They were not themlelves 1500 Inhabitants an many Slaves, when the EngUJh conquered it. The Hiftofy of JjimalciJi. 305 Pon Pidrode Sqttibilh, whom Dieg^ Columbus had appolnt- ^ his Lieutenant, was deeply concerned in the inallacring jhrNfiiives, fomc of whom, as the BKl^op of Chtapa writes, fere roafted alive hy his Countrymen the Spanimrds^ and 1 others torn in Pieces by Dogs* The Barbsriries thofc Maf- Ucrcri exercifcii on the innocent Inhabitants, as related even IkiSpfdfjiar^l^ cannor be read without Horror. In i59<), Sir Antbt/ny Shirlf who had been cruizing on m Continent of the Spanijh I f^e/l Indies ^ landed at 'Jamatca^ hook St. ya/r-j, plundered the Khnd, and then left it. And jbout the Year 1635, Col. Jackfon with a Fleet of Ships y^im^nc Luen :n-d-IJJtinds^ camc hither, landed 500 Men at M^^t'Fort, drove 2000 Spaniards from their Works, toolc ISt. Jcgo with the Lofs of 40 Men, facked the City, and Idividcd the Spoil with his Soldiers. Then putting the Town ItoRanfom, he received a confiderablc Sum to fave it from iBurning, and retreated to his Ships, the Enemy not daring to ifturb his Rear. After which the Spaniards poflefled the Ifland undifturbed, |till Cromwell, by the Perfuafions of Cardinal Mazarine, who olitickly contrived it, to make Ufe of his Arms againft the Spaniards then at War with the French^ fitted out a Fleet for RheConqueft of Hifpaniola. 2000 Old Cavaliers, and as many \iOliver\ ftanding Army, befides Volunteers and neccflTi- ated Perfons embarked for this Expedition. The Command of the Army was given to Col. Venables^ nd Admiral Pen^ who were ordered to call at Barbados and kleeward-ljlands, to take in more Forces there j it not «ing doubted, but thofe Colonies would be willing to afTift nn Enterprize, by which, in all Probability, they would re- eive moft Profit. Col. Doyly, Col. Haynes, Col. Butler, Col. Raymund, and Kher Officers of Note, accompanied the Generals Fenables niiPen^ who arrived at Barbados in the Year 1(^55. From ,55^, jfhence two Men of War vvere fent to St. Chri/iephers and mis to raife Volunteers. They were fupplied with fevc- INecefTaries at Barbados, where Hundreds of Volunteers [lined them, and no lefs than 1300 at the Leeward- I/lands* On the 1 3 th of April the Fleet made Land at H.fpaniola^ bd difcovered the Town of St. Domingo. The next Day, it had been concluded at a Council of War, General l^e- yies (who had uxorioufly carried his Wife with him) landed 300 Foot, a Troop of Horfe, and 3 Days Provifions ; but [is Enterprize not having hitherto any Relation to the Hi- Dry of Jamaica, we flwll content ourfelves with a general ccount of it : that our Forces were defeated, and their I Vol. II, X Com- ^ I 1^ «D :f 'H^' iSi. .'Vi *l {1. • 1 '•;./ If' ; ' ':"■ ;.-■«. If' 'I 306 fhe Hiftory of Jamaica. Commander VenabUs forced inglorioqfly to retreat to his Ships having loft the brave Col. Haynesy and a great many Men. * When the Troops were reimbarked, a Council of War was held, and it was refolved to make a Defcent on Jamaica where they arrived the 3d of May. The Generals landing their Men, marched diredly to St. J ago the Capital of the Ifland, intending to ftorm the Place immediately ^ and to prevent the fame Fate they met with at Hifpaniola by the i Cowardice of their Men, Proclamation was made, That he 1 who faw his Fellow run, Hiould ihoot him. The Spaniards had had no Information of the Defeat of I the Englifh at Hifpamiola^ and were in no Condition to op-f pofe an Army of loooo Men, and fo many they wereftlil; So they made Vie of Policy more than Arms to fave them- felves and their EfFeds. And when General Venables advanced I near the City, they defired to capitulate, which being grant- ed, they fpun out thfe Tre4iy as long as they could, that theyl might in the mean Time fend away their Treafure into the] Woods. To amufe the Englijh^ they furniflied the Army! with frefli Provifions, and prefcnted Mrs. Fenables with fomel of the choiceft Fruits and Delicacies of the Ifland j whichl Hickeringi) had a good £ffe£t on her Husband, and put him in a goodl •/ Jamaica. Humour rill the Spaniards had done their Buiineis: Other- wife his Patience might have been worn out before their bell Moveables were fafe in the Mountains and Coverts up 1 the Country^ to which they fled themfelves afterwards, andl left the Engiijh a naked Town to pofleis, where they found fine Houfes without Inhabitants or Goods ; whi|Ch was a ter^ rible Difappointment to an Army who expeded PlunderJ and had been baulked already. They removed all they had, their Wives and Children tq the Woods and Fortr^OTes. From whence they faliied in Parties and furprized the Engli/h, of whom they cut off fe-j veral Bands, before they could tell how to come at them] They came down upon VtnabUs^s Men in the Night, an(| attacked them when they were in no Manner of Expedatic of an Enemy, and for Want of Knowledge of the Coun-j try, could not purfue them. . At laft the Spaniards grew weary of their hard QuarterJ in the Mountains, which did not at all agree with their rio tous Way of living at St. Jago-^ and defpairing to be able 1 diflodge the Eugli/hy who began alfo to find them out in tli lurking Places, they retired to Cuba^ leaving the Molatti\ and Negroes in the Woods to harais the Enemy, PofTeflion of the Ifland till they returned. 3^7 ne Hifiory of Jamaica. •The Vice- Roy of Mexico commanded them to return to 'jimaica^ and ordered the Governor of Cuba not to let them llay there, fending them Word, that he would fupply them vitb Men and Ammunition to recover what they had loft. Accordingly th&f came back, and fcattered therafelves up and . jowo in fingle Families, that they might be able to fubfift the lietter, and prevent being difcovered by the Englijh. But this miferable Courfe of Life killed feveral of them, and there came no more than 500 Soldiers to their Afliftance, ihoalfo refufed to join with them, when they faw the weak Condition they were in, and retreated to the North of the Iflafld, fortifying themfelves in a Place called St. Chereras, waiting for a Reinforcement. In the mean Time the Englijh poffefled themfelves of all the South and South- Eaft Parts of the Ifland: A Regiment 2^=''''' wsfeated about Por/ Morant^ to plant and fettle there, and °* oiersin other Places j over whom Col. Dcyly was left Go- ^»'- ^oy'y [Kraor with between 2 and 3000 Land-Forces, and about 20 ^''*"''""'* b of War, commanded by Vice- Admiral Good/on. Vmbles and Pen returned Home, and arrived in England ^Septmber, where they were both imprifoned for their idalous Condud in this Expedition ; which would have an irreparable Diflionour to the Englijh Nation, had the Ifland of Jamaica, which Chance more than Coun- beftowed upon them, made amends for their Lofs ac ^fpaniola. Cromwell bore this Misfortune with an heroick Temper, Wch he was always Mafter of j and to put the beft Face pen the Matter, highly extolled the Advantage of this new quifition in the JVeJi-lndies^ refolving to maintain the Foot- ;he had got there; and not liking Col. Doyly (o well as mblis had done, he commanded a Squadron of Men of 'ir to be fitted out for Jamaica, whither he fent Major iliwick, to take upon him the Government in the Room Col. Doyly. Widi Sedgewick went Col. Humfreys^ the Son of him who ied the Sword before I'refident Bradjhaw at the King's il, and 1000 frefli Men. Col. Doyly, before the Arrival of thefe Troops, had dif* ered where the Spaniards had fortified themfelves, and fched to attack them. Thirty Companies more of Spa- rdtmrc by this Time fent to reinforce the former, who ' raifed feveral ftrong Work" for their Defence at Rio Novo^ iMarfs Precind, having received Cannon and Stores ^munitioQ from Cuba and the Contimm, However, - Xa Cd. I ;r. .,^ \ • ';* v:.-:l|! I 308 fbe Hi/lory of Jamaica^ Col. Dcyh in a few Days beat them out of their EntrenchJ ments, and demoliflied their Fortification. This great Lofs, with others that happened much abou the fame Time at Point Pedro, where a Party of them ha] again feated themfelves and were driven thence, made thl Spaniards defpair of ever recovering the Illand; fo they pu their Wives, Children^ and Treafure aboard a Ship, and bandoned it to the Englijh. In this A<5tion at Rio Novo, the Engli/h regained the R^ putation they had loft at Hifpaniola. The Spaniards wed twice their Number and ftrongly entrenched, yet Col. Z)J drove them to their Ships, and they never made any coj lidcrable Attempt againll the new Comers afterwards. Their Negroes finding their Mafters were cither knocke on the Head by the Englijh or dead of Diftempers, cut tli Throat of the Governor who had been fet over them, a chofe one of their Comrades to Command them. j^ick, Thefe lived a while in the Mountains by Game and Rol bery, but finding they were not able to keep their Groui long, they fent to Col. Doyly^ and offered to ibbmit Terms of Pardon j which being granted, their Captain cai in with his Company, and laid down their Arms. Soi Molattoes and Spaniards ftill flood out, moft of whom Doyly deftroyed, by employing the Slaves to hunt them of the Woods. The Spaniards inftead of thinking of chi tizing the revolted Negroes, defired fome Affiftance fn them. To fuch a wretched Extremity of Fortune were thi reduced. The Slaves were fo far from helping them, that to fhi their Loyalty to their new Mafters, they either murdered thi themfelves, or difcovered the Places of their Retreat the Englijh, who in a Year's Time cleared the Ifiajid them wholly, except 30 or 40 Negroes and Molattoes-^ \vl either out of Hopes of procuring their Liberty by it, Love to their old Mafters, or Hatred to their new, kept the Mountains, and ftayed there living by Robbery Game. They committed feveral Murders, and fearing they llioi be feverely punjftied if taken, the greateft Part of th made their Efcape to Cuba in Cauka^s ; fince which thi have been no Attempts againft "Jamaica by the ^am worth Remembrance. . The Spanijh Negroes who remained in the Mounti were afterwards joined by the EngliJI) rebellious Negroei from thence made frequent Defcents into the Valleys ; wbi forced the Government of Jamaica to build Forts, I !' Hje Hiftory of Jamaica. 309 I{eep Guards, to defend the Englijh againft being furprized. Some of them, about 20 Years ago, came down upon the hl^'pi and murdered 'Irs. Coates and her Family. She \tas the Wife of Judge Coates^ who afterwards lived at Bar- kJos ; and it is faid thefe Slaves or their Defendants, lurk jn the Hills to this Day. To prevent their doing Mifchief, i feveral Laws have been made againft the Negroes travelling I without Pafles. We hope the Reader will not think this a DigrefTion, llince we did it only to follow the Spaniards znd their Slaves, las far as we could. The Englijh feeing they were Matters of the Ifland, fell to I Planting with equal Induttry and Succefs, and they received Iconftant Supplies of Men, Provifions and Neceflaries from ylnihnd. When the EngllJh had no more foreign Enemies to deal [with, they quarrelled amongft themfelves, and the Soldiers fell ) a dangerous Mutiny ; for what my Author, Parfon Hick- W/7/of E(fexy who was a Captain in the Army in the Hif- mila Expedition and wrote of Jamaica^ does not let us now. The chief of the Mutineers was Col. Raymund^ »ho had debauched almoft all the Soldiers, being a Man in liigh Efteem among them. He drew Lieutenant Colonel Mm into the Confpiracy, which it is likely was to feize the jovcrnmcnt themfelves. Col. Doyly difcovering the Plot, had them both tried by a Court Marshal, who pafTed Sentence on them to be fliot to )fath. Col. Raymund died with a great deal of Refolution, |ut ^)fon with Regret and Sorrow. Major Sedgetvick died a few Days after his Arrival, of a J)i(leniper that then raged in the Ifland. Col. Forte/cue fol- Led him, and Col. Humphreys Wis forced to return to Crmwelly who refolved to have a Governor that (hould be fc Creature at Jamaica, fen*- Orders to Col. Brayne in ^^^^ Brayn© \\land, to fliip off i coo Men from Port Patrick^ and Govermr. I for Jamaica, where he was to take upon him the Go- trntnent ; for Oliver did not at all like Col. Doyly, who was [Sort of an old Cavalier: Yet that Gentleman kept in his ke till after the King's Reftoration, for Col. Brayne did ktlongfurvive his Arrival at Jamaica ; and the Rump con- fued Col. Doyly in his Government after CromweU's Death, c»/. Doyly 1 Richard's Abdication. Govcrmu IThis Gentleman brought the Colony into Order, en- uraged the People's Induftry, and put the Soldiers upon jinting. Moft of the firft Englijh Inhabitants of this Iflan4 X 3 were . " 4 ■$ 'v,. \ ,* '■ m ,1, ,,..; ' 'if.' ■■Ji :r lli'' if-. \: ' i';4in» 1. -mm 310 m. 1 "The Wftory of Jamaica. were military Men, and it was neceflary it (hould be fo,! becaufe lying fo near tbe Spaniards^ it was expefted iheyj would have been forced to have fought for what they had J but they were very quiet from any InvaGon for above thirr Years. Some of them who did not care to turn theiii Hands to the Culture of the Earth, nor leave their Milkarv Life, turned Privateers, and cruizing on the Spaniards^ go many rich Prizes, which grew to fuch a Trade afterwarda that when 5^^7i« had given up Jamaica^ and Peace was con! eluded between the two Nations, yet the Cwg'/^ could nod forbear Privateering ; and thence role the Buccansersy fo ii] mous in the Reign of King Charles II. at Jamaica. Lord Wind- Colonel Doyfy was recalled upon the King's ReftoratioiL {otcovermr. ^^ j ^^^ l^^.^ mrrd/er fent Governor thither. Several Gentle] men removed from the other Colonies thither, as Sir Tlomol Modiforditom Barbados^ where he had got avaft EftatcJ but defirous to get more, with greater Safe and Pleafure i he could do at home ; he removed to the new Settlement where he was very ferviceable to the young Planters, by bij Inftrudion and Government, when the King advanced hio to that honourable Office, which he did about the Ye 1661, And in his Time '.he Settlement was encreafed fd much, that there were between 17 and 18000 Inhabitants] i\s, 1 Port'RoyalVmih, 2 St. Katharine^ 3 St. John, 4 St. Andrew^ 5 St. David^ 6 St. Thomas^ 7 Clarendon^ 8 St. GeorgCy 9 St. Mary^ 10 St. /// J/rTho. Modiford Cdvermr, Families. Inhabitan 500 3500 658 6270 85 995 194. 1552 80 960 59 590 H? 1430 nne^ •2000 1 1 St. "Jomesy 12 St. Elizabeth^ 17298 V ; 1! fi im ■ 1 1 M Pit IIHiHIi i i^^Hiv^Hii 1 SHi f m ^mSi^ ^^^■'' '1 I^E 'Mr ' 1 i 1 After which there were feveral other Pariilies added, the Number of Inhabitants of thofe above-named were ve much encreafed. This Governor fet up a Salt- work in the Parifli of 'k.l\ tharine\ planted Coco-Groves ; and by his Example putt People upon Induftry^ and Improvements in Planting Trade. J*he Hiftory of Jamaica. fhe Ifland began to abound in ^loney, which was brought thither by the Buccaneers, as the Pyrates in the Spanijh Weji- Jadhs are called. And the Government of Jamaica, tho* they were far from encouraging any fuch wicked Courfes, yet jiinkcd at them, in Confideration of the Treafores they brought thither, and fquandered away there. The firft of thefe who was famous in Jamaica, was one Bartholomew, firnamcd the Portuguefe, who was accompanied bjffeveral EngUJhmen. This Man, in his laft Expedition, d/as cafl; away, as he was making to Port-Royal with a Prize, 31 the Sands called Jardines, He was fucceeded in the ommand of the Buccaneers by a Dutchman^ born at Grmnguen, in the United Provinces ; and, for having lived moft part of his Time at Brajil, called Braftlano. When the Portuguefe drove the Dutch out of Brafil, this Fellow came to Jamaica, where not being able to maintain himfelf according to the Extravagance of his Nature, hd turned Pyrate. While he was a private Man he had got fuch (Reputation among his Companions, that a Company of Mutineers of them chofe him for their Captain. In his firft Voyage he took a great Ship, bound home with Plate, and otherTreafure from Islew 5/tf/«, which be carried to Jamaica; and as foon as thefe Buccaneers landed, they fled to the Stews and Gaming-houfes, to eafe themfelves of the Load which they had fcraped together with fo much Hazard. They have given 500 Pieces of Eight for a Favour from a Strumpet, [ who would have beftowed it on another for a Bottle of Ale. i They would buy Wine by the Pipe, force all that came by to drink, and throw away as much as was drunk. By fuch Pradices one of them (pent 3000 Pieces of Eight in leis than a Month. BraftUano, by fuch Ways, having reduced his Pocket t6 I almoft a folitary Piftole, put to Sea again, took a Ship h mnd [ from New Spain to Maracaibo ; but in a fecond Voyage was taken, as he landed on the Coaft of Campeche, carried before I the Governor, and condemned to be hanged, together with all his Companions ; However he got off fo far by a Wile, that their Lives were fpared, and they were fent to Spain to the Galleys ; from whence, by another Wile, they made their Efcape, and got again to Jamaica, where they returned |to theirold Tx,:de. Leivis Scot, a Weljhman, plundered the Town of Campeche, \Mansfeld took the Ifland of St. Katharine's, John Davies fackcdiS/^rfflrfl^«';;■ WWt' .:V,.. *■ 3U U t Sir Tho. u iooy. 7y&^ Hijlory of Jamaica. rifon of 200 Men in the Caftle : But the moft renowned of] all the Buccaneer Sy was Henry Morgan^ the Son of n^^/zi, Yeoman, of a good EftatCj who not liking his Father's Employment, enter'd himfelf aboard a Veffel, bound for] Barbados, where he was fold, and ferved his Time in that Ifle. When his Time of Servitude expired, he came to Jamaica, and engaged himfelf with Tome Pyrates there- gmongft whom he had fuch Succefs, that in three or four] Voyages, he got a good Stock of Money before-hand I joined with others, bought a Ship, and went for Campeche\ where he took fevcral good Prizes. After this he waschofenj by Mansfeld, an old Pyrate, to be his Lieutenant, and theyl failed from Port-Royal with 15 Ships, manned with 500 ftoucl Men, who attacked the Ifle of St. Katharine's, made them J felves Matters of it, and Mansfeld left one Mbnfieur SimoA Governor of it, with xoo Men. Mans/eld's Defign was! upon Panama, but bearing the Spaniards were prepared to] give him a warm Reception, he contented himfelf with thel Conqueft of St. Katha^'nis-^ which Ifland was fo fruitful, fol pleaf^nt, and fo conveniently fituated lor invading or rovingl en the Spanijh Coafts in America^ that he would fain havel made a Settlement there j but Sir Thomas Linch, then Go.) vernor of Jamaica^ Sir Thomas Mod'iford*& Succeflbr, durftl not confent to it, it being too notorious a Breach of thJ Peace between the two Crowns of England and SpQinX Alansfeld in Difcontent retired to Tortuga, an Ifland in the] Culph of Mexico, about 15 Leagues from the Continent,! where the Pyrates netted themfelves, and ufed to refrefrtl after their Expeditions. I In the mean Time, Monfieur Simon, for want of Supplies,! was forced to furrender the Ifle of St. Katharimh to thel Governor of Cojla Ricca j which he had fcarce done, beforel a Ship arrived from Jamaica with Provifions, 14. Men and! two Women, to begin a Plantation by their own Authority.] Mansfeld died at Tertuga, and Captain Morgan becamel Chief of the Buccaneers. | In his firft Voyage he took Puerto Dd Principe-, but onel of his Men having killed a Frenchman, fo difgufted all hisl Followers of that Nation, that they left him. Captainl Morgan divided 50000 Pieces of Eight atpong his Compa-I nions, who battened to Jamaica with the Purchafe, to fpen(j| jt on Women, and other Debaucheries. In the nexi: Expedition, he took Puerfo Velo, one of i fineft Cities in the Government of Panama, The Treafurpl they divided here amounted to 250000 Pieces of Eight, be-l ficjes Cloth, Litinen, Silk, and other Merchandize j withl im e*s. made them- ^be Hi/lory of Jamaica. lf,0 the Buccaneers failed chearfully to Port-Royal, and fcaicered it about after their ufual Rate: By this Means Money grew plenty, and Returns eafy to England, where Lny hundred thoufand of thofe Pieces of Eight have been liDported. When he undertook his next Enterprize, he had no lefi lun 15 Ships, and 900 Men with him. He landed at :hc Ipottof Occa, near Cape de Lol.j^ but met no Booty. He jilfo made an unfuccefsful Attempt on Hijpaniota j and Iteing at a Lofs whither to go, one of his Followers, who iadferved Lolonnois^ a famous Buccaneer^ whom not Ipend- lincF his Money at Jamaica, we have omitted fpeaking of, ugh he was a mighty Man among the Pyratcs, advifed jliinito fall upon Maracaiio in Terra Fir ma, which Lolonnois M before plundered. Morgan attacked and took the Town, kd both that and Gibraltar, and deftroyed three Spanijh knof War who lay off the Harbour, to intercept his Rc- leat. This Booty alfo amounted to 250000 Pieces of Eight, Itefides rich Merchandize and Slaves, which were difpofed ^zi Jamaica, and the Money fpent in a convenient Time. Thefe Succefles fo encreafed his Fame, that when he ndezvoufed the next Year at Tortuga, he had 2000 defperatc fellows, and 37 Ships at his Service. His firft Attempt was Un St. Katbarin::^s Illand, of which he again made himfelf llafter. He detached Captain Brodely to take theCaftle of which facilitated his Defign on Panama, and fe- wed his Retreat. Brodely having taken that Caftle, a Gar- of 500 Men was left in it; and Captain Morgan with jlie reft, about 1400 efFetElive Soldiers, advanced towards 7, defeated 500 Horfe, and 1000 Foot, fent to op- ofehim, aflaulted the City, and took it, after a Difpute of tree Hours. When hi was Matter of the Town, he fet ic Fire, without conl'ulting his Soldiers, or letting them BOW who did it, for what Reafon no body can tell. The poafes moft of them were built with Cedar, very magni- Icently and richly furnifihed. T'lere were 7000 Houfes in p City, befides 200 Ware- houfes. Captain Morgan ftayed here four or five Months, fending ut Parties to fcour the Country, and bring in Prifcners and Kunder. J On the 24th of iv^ra^/ry, 1(^71. he left the Town, or kther its Ruins, loading 175 Beafts of Carriage, with liver, Gold, and other prec'ous Spoils, and carrying wy with him <)00 Prifoneis. He took and plun- H the Town of Craz, on the River Chagre, where ^ptain Morg^an obliged the Prifoners to ranfom themfelves, threatning rx 3»3 m V ' Mill: >'|^f1 ■if "•■'V ''■' •'^' : !■• i i ,(■■: . li ■ #• i... ■,!.., j^ ■m 3H 'The Hijiory of Jamaic. _ 1 ll If ;« 4i threatning to fell them for Slaves, if hey did not an When he had raifed as much Money as he could, he divide it among his Followers j but the Divideiid not coming { above 200 Pieces of Eight a Man, they believed he had bee too hard for them j and Morgan fearing a Mutiny, takirt tvith him three or four Ships, wherein were Men he coul truft, left them at the Caftle of Chagre^ which he detna lifhed, nor durft the Pyrates venture to fall upon him \ fome propofed, to be revenged on him for his Treacher] It is believed that he had not played them fair j and it 1 no wonder to find a Pyrate guilty of unfair Play. TK Treafure he brought to Jamaica now was valued at ne 400000 Peices of Eight. After this Enterprize, Captain Morgan gave over tij Buccaneer Trade: He had a Project to fortify the Iflandi St. Katharine's, to fettle it with Buccaneers, make it a Hal hour for Pyrates, and himfelf to be their Prince^ but befoj he could bring his Projed to bear, a Man of War arrivd John Lnrd from England with a new Governor, John Lord Faughai vaughar. g^d Orders fron' the King and Council for the late Gove Covermr. ^^^^ gj^, ^^^^^^ Linch, to appear at Court, and anfwer 1 fuch Articles as were prefented again ft him by the Spamg Ambaflador, for maintaining Pyrates in thole Parts, to til great Lofs of the King of Spain^s Subjeds. The new Governor (ent to all the Coafts of yamaiea, acquaint all Sea-faring*Men, that his Majefty intended obferve the Peace between himfelf and the Catholick Kiij religioufly, and commanded his Subjects not to commit ari A6is of Hoftility on the Spaniards ; however fome of thel ventured to land on the Ifle of Cuba, committing all maJ ner of Cruelty and Rapine, for which, as faft as they coul be taken, they were hanged at Jamaica ; where Sir Henl Morgan, for fo wc muft now call him, the King havitj conferred the Honour of Knighthood on him for his Braver] was made one of the Commiflioners of the Admiralty, ^j ,^^ - heri Byndhfs and IVilUam Btejlon^ E(qj being joined I Commiffion with him. The Charadler of this Man fliinj brightly as to his Valour, and certainly his taking of Fanm is an Action that is hardly to be parallel'd ; but whethj his Honefty was equal to his Courage, and the Scandal Pyracy which he brought on the Englijh^ be what v ought to value ourfelves upon, is not fo eafily decided, asl iJtp.jicconnt find it done by Sir Dalby Tho?nas, who, fpeakingof S\:Hin\ »fti^e^"^' Morgan, and his Misfortunes, afterwards fays, he was great an Honour to our Nation, and Ttrror to the S'^im^ as ever was born in it. I 1 ' No The Hi/lory of Jamaica. * Kotwithftanding he had done nothing but by Comtnif- ( fion from the Governor and Council of Jamaica^ and had I received their formal and publick Thanks for the Adtion, I be was, upon a Letter from the Secretary of State, fcnt < ioto England a Prifoner, and without being charged with • any Crime, or ever brought to a Hearing, was kept here I three Years, at his own great Expence, not only to the I wafting of fomi; Thoufands he was then worth, but to the i Hindrance of his Plantinc tnd Improvement of his For- < tune by his Indufby, towards which none in Jamaica was < in a fairer Way: So he wafted the remaining part of his * Life, opprefled by a Court Fadion, and a lingring Con- < fumption, brought upon him by his Troubles here, and < the Coldneis of the Climate. This happened feveral Years 'afterwards, during the Government of the Lord Vaugkan* One of the great Difficulties that happened, was the arbitrary Fioceedings of a new Company, calling themfelves the hjol African Company of England. The King granted llietn a Charter, bearing Date the 2(^th of September^ 1672. to trade to Guinea^ Binny, Angola^ and South Barbary^ ex- tlyfive of all others. The Duke of Thrk, Prince Rupert^ the Earl of Shaftsbury^ and other Perfons of the firfl Qua^ My, being of the Company; who, by Virtue of this Charter, pretended to monopolize the Trade, and make Prize of all Slips that came from any of thofe Parts of Africa^ with Ni^roes, or other Merchandize, without their Licence. The Duke of York entered fo far into the Intereft of this Corporation, as to threaten Six Jonathan Atkins^ Governor of Barbados, to turn him out of his Place, for but Teeming to give Countenance to Interlopers-, a Name they gave thofe Merchants, who, contrary to that unjuft; Monopoly, traded to Jlfrica. Several Ships were taken by them from the Owners for- cibly, the Men of War having Orders to feize all private Traders; and they took from one Merchant, Sir John Baw (/«», at Times, to the Value of above 10000 /. They were ibfevere, that they feized Ships, whether they had a Right to do fo by their Charter or not ; and Merchants were afraid to try their Cautes, for fe?.r of being thought to oppofa the King's Prerogative, a Bug-bear Word in that Reign. Their Agents, in the Lord Vaugharii Government, de- tained the St. Gewge, a Ship belonging to the above-men- tioned Bawdon, and conHgned to Samuel Bernard ^ E(q; one of the prefent Council of Jamaica ; but that worchy Mer- chant aflerting his Right before Sir Thomas Mcdiford, then Chief Juftice, was too hard for the Company's Agents, and put 315 '•v'.l: ■«id'i '■:■•*' ■:.:\ .*it.|a,lt( 11 :>f; H I 3i6 Charles, Earl lyf CarHOe, Ctivtt/ior, n Sir Hen. Morgan, iieptity Go* ■vtrn.T. The Hijlory of Jamaica. put them to near looo /. Expencc to defend them fel yes fo their Rapine. It would be endlefs to give an Account of all the Wickd Practices of ihefe Agents in Jamaica, if we had had a per fed Hirtory of them tranfmitted to us. Their Tyranny wal jonc of the greateft Grievances to Trade that ever it wj opprefled with, and threarned to ruin all the Sugar PlantaJ tions, had not the Parliament in England regulated the Com pany, and laid the Trade of Africa, in a great MeafuJ open. About this Time, Mr. Cranfield, Mr. Dukenfidd^ anj and Mr. Brent, CommilTioners for removing the EnM Colony from Surinam, according to a Treaty concluded be] tween King Charles and the States-General, arrived a] Jamaica from that Plantation, with the Englijh^ Men, Wo men, Children, and Negroes, to the Number of 1200 PcrJ fons, whom the Governor, the Lord Vaughan, received veJ gracioufly, according to Inilirudtions he had from Court, and provided Land in St. Elizabeth's Precind, as much to one i to another, for them to plant. The Addition of fo many! Hands was a great Service to Jamaica^ and the Goodnefi of the Soil, beyond that of Surinam, made the Pianter( amends for leaving their old Habitations. To the Lord Vaughan fucceeded the Right Honourable Charles, Earl of Carlijle, who arrived at Jamaica in thd Year 1678. The Lord Vaughan removing to E}igland^M People of this Ifland were very free with his Lordfliipj Character, and it is to be hoped more free than juil j M they did not flick to charge him with felling his own SerJ vants; a Story equally falie and abfurd, which niouldnoil have been mentioned, but to clear that noble Lord fromthj Afperfion which the Malice of his Enemies laid upon hiiii| It may perhaps be true, that he made hafl to grow as rich ; his Government would let him -, and when Governors arij of that Opinion, the Inhabitants are generally SufFerersj by it. During the Lord Carlijle''^ Government, the People ofl this Ifland were alarmed with groundlefs Fears of an InvaJ Ijon from the French, the Count D*E/iree being in thofj Parts, with a Squadron of French Men of War j but ths Appreheniions of the Englijh here were founded on Reportsl or Plots and MaiTacres in England, the Popih Plot beingj then lately difcovercd. The Country not agreeing very well with the Earl oil Carlijle, he returned to England, in a Merchant Ship, and! arrived at Plymouth in Septmler^ i()8o. having ieftSiil 3^7 The Hijlory of Jamaica.' }l//^/»iar/*'8 Death. The Duke's Body was cm- ^,°^jJi;°'^^ jalmed and brought to England, in the fame Ship in which liheDutchcfs, the prefent Duichefs of Montague^ returned. There was an Agreement made between the Engii/h and hfartiards^ for a Trade in Negroes between Jamaica and the \ifanift> fVeJi-Indies, This Treaty was managed by Don hmtiago dtl Ca/iillo in London, and he was appointed by the King of Spain to be Commiflary General at Jamaica, for Lplying the Spanijh Dominions in the fVeJi-Indies with I Slaves. King ^/V/ww III. who then reigned in £'«^/tf 17//, conferred [the Honour of Knighthood on the Don, better known by [the Name of Sir James de CaftiUo, and he refided feveral [Years in that Ifland. His Majefty gave the Government of littothe Earl of Inchiqueen, who embarked in May idgo, Tht EarUf nd arrived there in due Time. ^c'^^l^mrT I On the 29th of July, the Negroes belonging to Mr. Sut- L's Plantation in the Mountains, being about 4.00, broke out liDto Rebellion, and having forced the Houfe, and killed the IMan who looked to it, feizcdupon^oFuzees, Blunderbuffes, lind other Arms, and a great Quantity of Powder and Shot, Ifour ftnall Field-Pieces, and other Provifions, and marching |{o the next Plantation killed the Overfcer, and would have ^ »ed the Negroes there to have joined with them, but ey hid themfelves in the Woods. Then they returned back, prepared to defend themfelves in Mr, Sunon's great [loufe. The Alarm was immediately given to the adjacent Quar- |crs, and 50 Horfe and Foot marched againft them. In their kch they were joined by other Parries, who making all ogether a good Body of Men, attacked the Negroes the en Day j the latter took to the Canes, firing them as they |?ent, but a Party of H^hite Men falling on their Rear outed them, and purfued them feveral Miles. Many of the %cks were killed, and 200 of them threw down their ^rms, and fubmitted : The reft were afterwards either killed taken^ and the Ringleaders of this Rebellion hanged as lieyflefcrved. In 1 69 1, the Lord Inchiqueen fent the Swan and Guernpy den of War, with the ^aker Ketch and a hired Mer- it-Man, to endeavour to deftroy what French Ships they ould find on the Coafts of Hifpaniola^ from the Ifle of Ajh ) Porto Point, as likewife their Settlement on Shore. Mr. Obrian commanded in chief in this Expedition, in feich were employed 000 Soldiers j and iho* their Succefs Vol. U. Y did ' "'< m ■-* i*- ill H i.*,.'i .■; i\ m^ ' iff- 1 '1 \^: V*( if ii ... h'mi p k 322 ^be Hijiory of Jamaica^ did not anfwer the Peoples Expedtation, yet they toofc and ! deftroyed fcveral French Ships; and landing on the Coafts did the Enemy fome Damage hardly enough to quit Coft. J The moil terrible Cabmity that ever befell this Ifland orl perhaps any other, was the dreadful Earthquake which hap.l pened the 7th of June 1692, a moft amazing and tremendous! Judgment of the Almighty : For without prefuming to enter] into a natural Defcription of fuch wonderful Phenomena ofl Nature, our Religion requires us in all thefe Cafes, to lo^i-l up to the Omnipotent, the great Judge of the Hearts of M^r, as well as the ftrid Obferver of their Ways, and to read a fevere Lcflbn of Repentance to ourfelves, from his Proceed- ing with others in fo extraordinary a Manner. It began between 1 1 and 12 a Clock at Noon, ihookdown and drowned 9 Tenths of Port Royal in two Minutes Time, and! all by the Wharfs- fide in left than one, very few efcaped there,! There is fomething very remarkable written by a Gentle^ Phil, Tranf. man from thence foon after, in Lowthorph Abridgment. Vui.ll.p. i^ji qH my People andGoods^ my W'lfe^ and two Men^ Mr\ *"' B. and her Daughter. One white Maid efcaped who gavl me an Account^ that her Mijlrejs was in her Clofet 2 Pair sji , Stairs highy andjhe was fent into the Garret where was Mnji B. and her Daughter when jhe felt the Earthquake^ and lik her take up her Child and run down \ hut turning ohoiit^ m\ the Water at the Top of the Garret-flairs, for the Houfejuni downright, and is now near '^o Foot under Water. MyM and I went that Morning to Liguania, the Earthquake took A in the Alidway between that and Port- Royal, where we wnl near being overwhelmed by a fwift . rolling Sea, fix Foot ahm the Surface, without any Wind. Being forced backtoLx^iX nia, we found all the Houfes even with the Ground, notaPlscl to put our Heads in but in Negroes Huts. The Earth contirml to Jhake (June 20th) ^ or h Times in 24 Hours, and oM trembling y great Part of the Mountains fell down^ andfm down daily. j All the Wharfs at Port Royal funk down at once, and fe^ veral Merchants were drowned with their Families and Efl ieds, among whom was an intimate Friend of the Hiftorian'sj Mr. Joftph Heminge. There were foon feveral Fathoms ( Water where this Street flood, and all that in which was thj Church was fo overflowed, that the Water flood up as hig as the upper Rooms of the Houfes that remained. IhJ Earth when it opened fwallowed up People, and they rofe other Streets; fome in the Middle of the Harbour, and yd were faved, iho' at the fame Time about 2000 Whita anJ Blacks periflied in this Town. Ac the North above j^oJ km The Wfiory of Jamaica.' 323 lucres of Land funk, and 13 People with it. All the Houfes* were thrown down over the Ifland, and the furviving Inha- buants were forced to dwell in Huts. The two great IVIoun- lains at the Entrance into i^ Mile Walk fell and met, and fo (lopped up the River, that it was dry from that Place to the f!t*,1.1 A:fM' W'M i>t „i* f •■•■ ■ (' 1 ■i vie 1 ..■ f i V \ ■ ^|i^ :% f I- - 4', 324 7/6^ Hiflory of Jamaica; Woman grafping about her, they both dropt into the Earth ^a;] gether, when at the very Injlant the Ivater came in^ folliU them over and over^ till at length they caught hold of a Beam l where they hung till a Boat came from a SpaniHi Vejfel andtoo^ them up. The Houfes from the Jews-Jireet to tljc BnaJi-lVork were fliakcn down, except 8 or 10 which repigined, from tbq Balcony upwards above the Water. As foon as the violent Earthquake was over, the WaterJ men and Sailors did not flick to plunder thofe Houfes ; and in the Time of the Plunder, one or two of them fell uw their Heads by a fecond Earthquake, where they were loft. When as the firft and great Shake was over, the MiniHeJ defired all People to join with him in Prayer, and arrjonjj ihcm were fevcral Jews, who kneeled and anfwered as thei did, and it was obferved they were in this Extremity heard to call upon Jefus Chrift. Several Ships and Sloops were over-fet arid lofl .ti th Harbour. Among the reft a Man of War, the Swan Frigal that lay by the Wharf to careen. The violent Motion o| the Sea and linkiiig of the Wharf, forced her over the Top of many Houfes, ~ind pafling by that where a Perfon calleij my Lord Pike lived, Part of it fell upon her and beat in Round-houfe; rtiedid not over-fer, but helped fomeHunI dreds in faving their Lives. A great and hideous Noife was heard in the Mountaiii iafomuch that it frightened many Negroes who had ninawaj from their Mafters, and been feveral Months abfent, anJ made them come Home. The Water that iifued from thj Salt-Pan Hills forced its PalTage from 20 or 30 Place fome more forcibly than others ^ for in 8 or 10 Places i| came out with fo nruch Violence, that had fo manySluicq been drawn up at once, they could not have run withgreate Force, and moft of them 6 or 7 Yards high from the FoQt ( the Hill i 3 or 4 of the lead were near 10 or 12 Yards I The Salt-Pans were quite overflowed. The Mountains twecn Spanijh-Town and Sixteen Mile Walk^ as the Way Ikj along the River, are almoH: perpendicular about the Mid Way. Thefe two Mountains joined together^ which ftop the PafTflge of the Water, and forced it to feek ^ootl that was a great Way in and out among the Woods Savana's. Twas 8 or 9 Days before the People had any Relief it: The People concluding it was funk like Port-R^i thought of removing to foffls other Pirt of the Country. l^e Hiftory of Jamaica. The Mountains along the River were fo thrown on Heaps, tJUt all People were forced to goby Guanaboa to Sixteen Mile 0k. The Weather was much hotter after the Earthquake (ban before, and fuch an innumerable Quantity of Musket- ins^ that the like was never feen fince the Ifland was inhabited, i peat Part of the Mountains at Yellows falling down, drove li the Trees before it, and wholly overthrew and buried a plantation at the Foot of them. The Sand in Port-Royal oackiog and opening in fevera! Places where People flood, they funk into it, and the Vatcr boiled out of the Sand, ^fith which many People were covered. The Houfes that flood were fo (battered, that few of them Hae thought fit or fafe to live in, and moft of them remained (fljpty a Year afterwards. Thofe Streets that were next the Water-fide were the belt in the Town, full of large Warchoufes, ftately Buildings, and commodious Wharfs; clofeto which Ships of 700 Tuns Bight lie and deliver their Lading. Here the principal Mer- cbants lived, and now alas! is 5, 7, and 8 Fathom Water. The Part that was left ftanding, was Part of the End of thitNeck of Land which runs into the Sea and makes this Harbour; at the Extremity of which (lands the Fort not jhook down, but much (battered by the Earthquake. 'Twas afterwards a perfedl Ifland. The whole Neck of Land from the Fort to the Pallifadoes oroiher End of Port- Royal, towards the Land, which is above a Quarter of a Mile, being quite difcontinued and lofl in the Earthquake, and is now alfo, with all the Houfes which flood verv thick upon it, quite under Water. This Neck was at firit nothing but Sands, which by the People*^ driving down Timb",, Wharfing, ^c. were by little and little gained in Timeout of the Sea, which now has at once recovered all again. On this fandy Neck of Land did the Inhabitants great heavy Brick Houfes ftr.nd j whofe Weight on fuch a light Foundation contributed much to their Downfall, for the Ground gave Way as far as the Houfes flood only, and no 'farther The Shake was Co violent, that it threw People down on their Knees, and fometimes on their Faces as they ran along the Streets to provide for their Safety ; and it was a very difficult Matter for them to keep on their Legs. One whole Street, a great many Houfes of which flood after the Earthquake, was twice a? broad |then as before ^ snd in feveral Places the Ground would crack, and open 1 (hut quick and fafl. 32s Y? Major 'In:!*.-:' 'MM"'- , . •ite l!^' 1- ■ 1 < :f s * ' '.t in iHiii mm M|||' i j|fl BW' ll li ^KilHI' i'* ill ■|l II If 326 ^je HlJIory of Jamolca, Major ATJ/jv of this Ifland, reported he faw 2 or 300 of thefe Openings at one Time- in fome of which many Pqo, pie were abforpt, fome the Earth caught by the Middle and fqueezed to Death, the Heads of others only appeared above Ground j fome were fwallowed quite down and caft up a- gain with great Quantities of Water, while others went down and were never more feen. Thefe were the fmailer Openings, the larger fwallowed up great Houfes, and out of fome of them ilTued whole Rivers, fpouting to a vaft Heigth in the Air, accompanied with ill Stenches and ofFenfive Smells, The Sky, which before was clear and blew, became in a Minute's Time dull and reddifh, compared to a red hot Oven. Prodigious Noifes were made by the Fall of the Mountains, and terrible Rumblings were heard under Ground. While Nature was labouring with thefe Convulfions, the People ran up and down pale and trembling with Horror like fo many Ghofts, thinking the Diffolution of the whole Frame of the World was at Hand. The Shake was ftronger in the Country than in the Town, where it left more Hou/es Handing than in all the reft of the Ifland. People could not ftand on their Legs in other Places,! but fell down on their Faces, and fpread out their Arms ani Legs to prevent a greater Mifchief by falling by the Earth-j quake. It left not a Houfe (landing at Paffhge-Fort^ but one at Liguania^ and none at St. Jago^ except a few low Houfes built by the wary Spaniards. In feveral PI? . ;s of the Coun-l try, the Earth gaped prodigioufly. On the North Side, the! Planters Houfes with the greateft Part of their Plantations! were fwallowed, Houfes, People, Trees, and all in onej Gap, inftead of which appeared a Lake of 1000 Acres over:! Afterwards it dried up, and there remains not the kaft Ap. pearance of Houfe, Tree, or any Thing elfe that was there| before. In Clarendon Precin£^, there were great Gapings andj Spoutings of Water 12 Miles from the Sea. Many Marks of thefe Gapings remain to this Day. In the Mountains! were the moft violent Shakes of all, and it is a general re ceived Opinion, that the nearer the Mountains the greaterj the Shake, The Blue Mountains were the grcatefl SufterersJ and for two Months together fo long the Shake lafted, theji bellowed out hideous loud Noifes and Echoings. Part of a' Mountain not far from Yellows^ after having made feveral Leaps, overwhelmed a whole Family and great Part of 2 Plantation lying a Mile off; and a large high Mountain not far from Port Morant^ is quite fwallowed up : In the Place! where ere heard undetl I'he Hijlory of Jamaica i where It flood, there is now a vaft Lake 4 or 5 Leagues over. Some were of Opinion that the Mountains funk a little ; certain it is, the Beauty of them is quite changed : For whereas they ufed to look always Green, above half of the Iprofpedt now lies bare; and how can that be other wife, when they were fo rent and torn, andfuch prodigious Quan- tities of Trees rooted up and driven into the Sea by the Earthquake, on which feveral hundred thoufand Tun have I been computed to float fometimes ? Some think this whole Ifland is funk a little; others, that I fsrt' Royal funk a Foot, and feveral Wells in Legany do not require fo long a Rope to draw Water out of them now, as I before the Earthquake by 2 or 3 Foot. The Water in the Harbour of Port-Royal was fuddenly Iraifed with fuch a (trange Emotion, that it fwelled as in a S[orm; huge Waves appeared on a fudden, rolling with fuch a Force that they drove moft Ships from their Anchors, I breathing their Cables in an Inflant. Capr. {Phips and another Gentleman happening to be at I tetany by the Sea-lidc at the Time of the Earthquake, the Sea retired fo from the Land, that the Bottom appeared dry for 2 or 300 Yards; in which they faw feveral Fi(h lie, and the Gentleman who was with him ran and rook up fome, yet I in a Minute or two's Time the Sea returned again, and over- owed Part of the Shore. At Tall-Houfe the Sea retired I above a Mile. It is thought near 3000 People periflied linali Parts of the Ifland. After the great Shake^ thofe that efcaped got on board the I Ships in the Harbour, at leafl as many as could ; where I fome of them continued above two Months, the Shakes Ibeing all that Time fo violent and thick, that they weru afraid to venture afliore. Others removed to Kingjion^ jwhere from the firft clearing of the Ground, and from bad I Accommodations, the Huts built with Boughs, and not fuf- Ificient to keep out Rain, which in a great and unufual man- jner followed the Earthquake, lying wet, and wanting Medi- jcines, and all Conveniences, they died miferably. Indeed ' (there was a general Sicknefs, fuppofed to proceed from the ncxious Vapours, belched from the many Openings of the Earth all over the Ifland, infomuch that few efcaped being kit, and it is thought it fwept away 3000 Souls, thegreat- « Part from Kington only, which is not even now a very healthy Place. Belides, the great Number of dead Bodies Boating from one Side of the Harbour to the other, as tho Sea and Land Breezes drove them, fometimes a loo or 200 Y 4. in 327 I; i '.iK f. 4 '-mi ■ iii •' ■if • >■ ■■■f^ti in If-"' 328 Sir William Gozerttor. lie Hiflory of Jamaica. in a Heap, tnay be thought to add fomething to the Unhealth- fulnefs of this Ifland. Half the People who efcaped at I Port-Royal^ died at Kingjion-^ where were 500 Graves dug in a Month's Time, and two or three buried io a Grave. The AQembly appointed every 7th Day of Junt to beob. ferved as a Day of Fafting or Humiliation, unlefs it falls on t Sunday, and then the Day after, in Remembrance of this I dreadful Earthquake. The Lofs the Merchants fiifiered, both m Jamaica and I Englandy was much more than is pretended to be loft by the Inhabitants of the Lteward^Iflands^ yet they never (bli. cited for any Hetp ; it is true they did noc fuffer by an Ene. my : However the Aflembly considered feveral of them particularly Mr. Benjamin IVay, Mr. Jofeph Sergeant, Mr. IVilliam Hutchinfon, Mr. Francis Hally and Mr. Edmund] Edlyne, who owin^ Cufloms for great Quantities of Wine whicb were deflroyed in the Earthquake, were by an AA indemnified from Payment of what Sums were due on tbat| Account. Nor did this Calamity come alone, for the French about! the fame Time landed 300 Men on the North-Side of the Ifland: Upon which the Quernfey Man of War, and feveral Sloops, were fent againfl: them, and repelled the Enemy, burnt their Ships, arui took or deftroyed all their Men, both] by Sea and Land, except i S, who efcaped in a Sloop. There was aftrong Report in London^ fome Time after I News came of tlie firft great Shake in Jamaica, that there had] happened a fecond, by which^ the greateft Pare of the Ifland, and moft of the Inhabitants were faid to be deftroyed, and all who had Interefts there were in a terrible Confternati* on ; but the next Letters thence proved that Report to be] falfe and groundlefs. The Lord Inchiqueen dying in this Ifland, his Majefty, on I News of it, waspleafedto appoint Colonel IVilliam Beeji A Lieutenant-Governor, and Commander in Chief of it, in October, idpi. He alfo conferred on the new Governor! the Honour of Knighthood. Sir IVilliam embarked aboard the Falcon Frigat, and ar- rived in Jamaica the 9th of March, 1692, where he fetl about refornjing feveral Abufes crept into the GovernmcDt] there during the Lord Inchiqueenh Adminiftration. In November, 1 69 3. the Mordaunt Man of War, ConJ voy to a Fleet of Merchant Men, homeward bound froml Jamaica, was caft away on the Rocks, near the Ifland o£| Cuba^ and was loft, but all the Men were faved. This! t H 11)6 Hijiory of Jamaica. This Year the Aflembly appointed Agents to (bllicit their Ufl&irs in England^ who were, Mr. Gilbert Htathcot, Mr. \ltTtholomew Graadieit, and Mr. John Tuti, of Lond$n^ Ij^erchants j and 450/. was ordered to be raifed, and re- liBitted to thetD, for their foliiciting the publick Affairs of \ Jamaica. Comniiflioners were alfo appointed in the Ifland m the Miinagemenc of that Agency, who were. f'*'* Umuel Bernard, mholas Law, hmts Brad/hawy WiBam HuUhinforif nhmai C larky Vjmei Banijieri mdford Freeman, Efquires. In the following Year, the Governor, Sir William Beejlon^ btj Advice that four French Men of War had taken the hkm Frigat before- mentioned, and carried her to Fettt Guaves, where the Enemy were making Preparations, in order to fome Attempt upon this Ifland : For being encou- ngd i^ feverai difaflfeded Perfons to invade it, they had re- folved to put their Defign in Execution, having received |ui additional Strength, by the Arrival of three Men of War [from France J carrying about 50 Guns each ; of which De- ir William Beejio^ had the firfl certain Advice from ain Elliot, who being a Prifoner at Petit Guaves, made Efcape from thence, and arrived at Port-Royal the laft ;yof May, 1(^94.. with two Perfons befides, in a Canoe hidi could carry no more. On this Notice, the Governor, Sir William Beejion, al- mbled the Council, and fuch Refolutions were taken, as re judged moft proper for putting themfelves in a Podure receive them. It was ordered. That the principal Forces the Ifland (hould be pofted about Port- Royal. On the 17th of June, the French Fleet came in Sight, infilling of the three Men of War before-mentioned, fe- lerai Privateers, Sloops, and other fmall Veflels ; in all ibout 20 Sail, commanded by Monfieur Du Cajfe, the \mh Governor in Hijpaniola. Eight of them flay'd about 'ort Morant, and 12 Sail anchored in Cow-Bay, fcven agues to Windward of Port- Royal, where daey landed Men, and plundered and burnt all before them for fe* Miles Eaftward, killed the Cattle, drove /everal Flocks Sheep into Houfes, and then fired them, cctmmitting the A inhuman Barbarities. They tortured fonie of tbePri« foners 3^9 m ''.i ■ ■''m^-m. m Tv Sir • .«,.; ■}%\ II' mm 1. ;f."1 ;ii' : '■ ,i''"'- ' • t^i: n-% r; I 330 fhe Hijlory of Jamaica. foners they took, murdered others in cold Blood, after twc Days Quarter, caufed the Negroes to abufe feveral Women and dug up the Bodies of the Dead ; for fuch are the Frenci when they are Mafters. They defigncd to have done thi like in other Parts of the Ifland, and during their Stay ai Port Movant y fent five or fix Vcffels to the North Side] where they landed at St. Marfs and St. Georgeh ; but upon the Appearance of fome Forces that were fcnt thither, they withdrew, and returned to their Fleet. On the 2 1 ft, the Wind blowing very hard, MonfieuJ Rollon^ in the Admiral Ship, riding in deep Water, his Ad ehors came home, and he "'m driven off, with another in hij Company, and could not get up again with the Fleet, buj bore away to Blackfield-Bay^ towards the Weft End of thij Ifland, where he landed 60 Men. Upon which Major Art drefsy who Was left there to take Care of thofc Parts, fell upon them, killed feveral of them, and the reft ran away td their Ship in hafte, that they left their Provifions behin| them. As foon as they could get up their Anchors, tbel failed away. The Enemy having done what Mifchief they could ai Port Moranty their whole Fleet failed from thence the Kftf of July. The 17th in the Morning;, fome of themcamj in Sight of Port-Royal^ and in the Afternoon they wentaj to an Anchor again in Cow- Hay ; and to amufe the En^ /^j, landed their Men very faft, and made Fires along thl Bay ; but in the Night they all returned to their Ships, id jmbarked, and on the 18 th they were feenfrom Port-Rip\ ftanding to the Weft ward ; from whence it was conclude they defigned for Carlijle-Bay in Vere-, and to prevc' , their doing the fame Damage they had done at Port Morani two Troops of Hor(e were immediately ordered thatWajj together with the Regiment of St. Catharine\ Part of th Regiment of Clarendon that were in Town j and Part of th Regiment of St. Elizabeth ^ which lay in the Way. Tli French anchored in Carlijle-Bay that Afternoon, and tli next Morning landed 14 or 1500 Men, who attacked Breaft-work that was defended by 200 Englijh. Agrc Fire was made for a confiderable Time on both Sides ; bij . the latter finding the Work could not be maintained, at I retired, and repafled the River, after having killed maii of the Enemy . In this A(5tion, Colonel Clayburne^ Lieutj nant Colone] Smarts Captain Fajfal, and Lieutenant Dm kim were kiJ/ed ^ and Captain Dawkinsy Captain Fijber^ fome other Officers wounded. In the mean Time, four 1 6ve Companies of Foot, and fome Hoife, advanced agaiol ^he Hiftory of Jamaica.' ijl^c Fnnch. The Englijh, though they had marched 30 Uliles the Night before, and were very much fatigued, chafgcd the Enemy witli fuch Gallantry, that they not only put a Stop to their Puriuit of the Engtijhy who had quitted the Breait-work, but made them retreat. Here many of \^^ frtnch ^Ncxt killed, as alfo fome Englifl)-^ and Captain Utpady and other Officers were W9unded. The 20th and 21ft, there pafiTed fome Skirmiihes between I fmall Parties. The aid the Enemy came to a Brick Houfe belonging to Mr. Hubbard, and attacked it. There were jj Men in it, who killed and wounded fevcralof the French^ hmong whom were fome Officers of Note. Major Lloyd hearing of the Difpute, marched with (bme Horfe and hoot to the Relief of Mr. Hubbard's Men, and came in iTime enough to help them to beat off the Enemy, who re- Ifclvcd to try their Fortune again the next Day againft the Itnie fame Place, with a ftronger Party and Cannon. Upon iNotice of which, Major Lloyd put 50 Men into Mr. Hub- \nrh Houl'e, and laid the reft of the Englijh in Ambufcade, Iwpefting the French would, as they gave out, renew the lAlTault : But the Enemy changed their Refolurion ; and linding ihey had loft many of their Men, and feveral of their llieft Officers, and that they could make no further Advance |into the Country, they went all on board again the Night following \ and the 24th their whole Fleet fet Sail. Mon- m Du Cafe, with two or three Ships more, made the beft [if his Way home, and 1 7 Sail went into Port Morant to ^ood and Water, which they did with all the Speed they uld. On the 28th they put affiore moft of the Prifoners ley had taken, and failed homewards. The French, according to the Report of the Prifoners kho returned from them, loft above 350 Men, in their feveral Engagements with the Etiglijh, befides many who died ■Sicknefs ; (o that their whole Lofs was computed to be loo Men while they were in this Ifland. On the Side of \ Englijh 1 00 of all Sorts, Chrijiians, Jews, and Negroes lere killed and wounded. Captain Elliot, who gave the Governor Notice of the kended Expedition of the French, had a Medal and Chain 100 Pounds Value given him, by Command of King filliam, and 500 Pounds in Money, and 50 Pounds to each the Men who efcaped with him, as Rewards of their Service. His Majefty was further pleafed to order, at Captain Elliot ffiould be recommended to the Lords omtniffioners of the Admiralty for an Employment in the lavy. , ' ' The 331 -»^lj 't# I'M' % \ 'm i I.J -v u J32 Tbe Hi/lory of Jamaica. The Council and AfTcmbly fent over an Addrcfj, whlchl was prcfcnrcd to the King; moji gratefully acknotuUdginA his Mdjcjly^s Royal Care of thern^ in ordering a fpeidy R(. lief and jMjiance t9 be fent thither^ for the Defence and Security of their Pcrfons and Ejlatei againji a cruel atiL barbarous Enemy ; who in their late Attempt upon that Iflann had no other Jdvantd^e over them^ but what was mving the Inequality of their Numbers, and not to the Valour their Men, which chiefy /hewed itfelf in burning defend Plantations, murdering Prifoners in cold Blood, and (^irM Indignity to IVcmen. The King ordered a Body of Forces, under the Con mand of Colonel Lillington, for Jamaica j who arrived id the Year 1^9^. with about 1200 Men. The Governo having rcceivca fo ftrong a Reinforcement, refolved to I revenged of the French for their Barbarity in the late Inva fion i the Swan Frigat was difpatched away to Hifpankl with an Agent, to concert Meafures with the Spdniardt fa attacking the French in that Ifland; and Captair Wilmi Commodore of a Squadron of Men of War then at Jmaki feiled for St. Domingo, with Colonel Lillington and thl Land-ForceB aboard. When they came there, it was agre that the Governor of St. Domingo (hould march with th S, aniards to Manchaueel- Bay, on the North-fide of HiJ^aniA where the Ships were to meet him. Captain Wilmot failfi accordingly to Cape Francis -, and Colonel Lillitigton landd his Men within three Leagues of the Cape, and Captain W\ mot wich his Men of War went within Gun-fliot of tif Fort. The i8th the Englif}) going near the Shore, tn Enemy fired both great and fmall Shi^r upon them, whid was anfvvered by the Ships ; and it was refolved, that as fo< as the Land-Forccs could march to one Side of the TowJ the Seamen fhould alTault it on the other, while the SbiJ battered the Fort. Captain Wilmot went that Evening with feveral Boats, find a convenient Landing-place j and going clofe intol JBiiy, a Party of Men lajf uiider Cover, and fired very thi(( on the Engltjh, but without killing a Man. The next Evening he went with a greater Strength ; whid the Enemy perceiving, and believing he was going to laol they blew up the Fort, burnt the' Town, and went offf the Night, leaving behind them at the Fort-Batteries; Bread- Work above 40 Pieces of Cannon. The Englifi) entered the Town next Day, and foundl good Booty there. After this they reiblvccj to attack Fj Paix^ where Captain Wilmot {laid feveral Days, to exp .H ^he Hiftory of Jamaica. Id^coming up of the Land- Forces, the Englijh Md Spanijh forces inarching thither by Land. Before they came up. Captain IVtlmety with a Party of Seamen, landed about five Miles to the Eaftward of Port Paix j where he received Line little Oppofition by an Ambufcade j but quickly forced the Enemy to retire, and burnt and deftroyed the Planta- tions as far as the Fort, whither the French fled, and then Itbe Seamen returned a Ship-board. On the 15 th, Captain IVilmot underftanding the Land- Iforccs were come near Port Paix. he landed again with loo Seamen. The four following Days were fpent chiefly L patting the Cannon and Mortars afKore, The 2ift the Men of War failed to the Weft ward of the ICaftlc, and landed fonie more Guns. The 22d the Eng- m railed a fiattery on a rifuig Ground, and play'd it the liinc Evening. The next Day they began another Battery, Lhich they finiflied by the 27th. Both of .them very much llDOoy'd the Enemy, and made a great BreacS in the CaiHe. The 3d of Julyj at Nighr, Colonel LUlington and Cap- ||jin iVilmot were informed, that the French dcfignea to Ijeave the Caftle, as they did accordingly, marching o^x to jtlie Number of 310, befides 200 armed Negroes y and 150 Lthout Arms. But the Englijh and Spaniards being ready to iKceivc them, killed many; among whom were r..4of |tiieir commanding Officers, took feveral Prifoners, and then ihemfelves Mailers of the Caftle, which it was thought to demolift) ; but they brought oft the Artillery, Provi- ons, and Stores. After this the Englijh rcimbarked, and iptain JVilmot who diredted his Courfe to Jamaica^ where {arrived the 21 ft of July. The Confederates thus ruined two of the French Settle- nents in Hifpaniola^ killed 350 Mea, brought: away 150 Crifoners, with 80 Pieces of Cannon, and a great deal of }ty, with inconfiderable Lofs on their Side. The Caftle was fituated at the Boccon^ of a Bay, upon a at rocky Hill, very high, fteep towa;'. ae Land, and foping towards the Sea. It was built in the Form of a Squar^ Uh four Baftions. The Wall was Cacnon-proof j on the Top of it were 12 fmall Pieces of Aitillery, and this For- p was of great Importance to ;ha French at Hifpaniola. deed Jamaica lies fo convenient for annoying the Enemies the Crown of England^ in Hifpaniola and the Continent, at we wonder the Englijhbwc made no more Advantage of ; Situation. It is certainly their own Fault, if the French ;leaftare fuftered to poftefs any Thing in Jmerica^ where \ Sfgiifif vfQ near tea Times as numerous as th«ir Enemi^. About 33J J» i» : ■>■• ■ '^•.[■i.' -T-: ^34 ^e Hifory of ]2im's!ic2i. About this Time the Aflfembly pad an A(St, appointirigj Commiflioners to give Freedom to fuch 'Negro-Slaves asl codld prove they had done any remarkable Service againft] the French i which Commiffioners were. i- ']'i^'' Rich. Lloydy Efqj Fran. Rofe^ Efq; James Banijier^ Efq; Tho. Bindlos, Efq; John Walters^ Efq; Their Power was general; but thofe that follow, were only Commiffioners for the Pariflies of Kingjion^ St. An\ dreixj^y St.David'Sj and St. Thomas\to the Windward, wzj Nicholas Laws, Efq; Edward Slanton, Efq; Modiford Freemany Efq; Jofias Heathcoty Efq; James Brad/haw^ Efq; This Year the Ifland of Jamaica hired, vi£lualled, and manned two Sloops of War ; and raifed 200 Men, to reduci the rebellious Negroes ; for which Services 4.303 /. v\^as le^ vy'd on the Engli/hy and 750 /. on the Jeivs-, which wa afleffed, coUedted, and paid by fome of their own Nation] as. Mr. Solomon Arary. Mr. Jac(.h de Leon, Mr. Mofes Toiroy Mr. Jac. Mendez Guteras, Mr. Jacob Henriquez, IV'Ir. Jacob Rodriguez de Lm\ Mr. Mofes Jejurun Card\ foy 6cc. The Receivers of this Money were alfo appointed by thj fame Adl: to be. Col. Charles Knights^ Col. Tho. Clarky Capt. Lancelot Talboty Capt. Robert IVdrdloWy TVil. Hutchinfon, Efq; Capt. Jo^ah Heathcotj And, Capt. Tho. ClarL The Treafurers, or Pay-Mafters, were Colonel Charl(\ Knights^ and Joftah Heathcoty Efq; And the Commiffioners who were to receive the Moniej and manage this Affair, were to employ Captain Williai Dodingtony to provide Viduals, Arms, and Ammunitioij for the Sloops. Garrifons were put into Fort William and Port Mom ^vho were under the Command of Col. Edward Stanton. 7?;^ Hiflory if Jamaica.' In the Year 16^6. Monfieur Pointi, with a French Siq\iz- bon, made a Feint on Jamaica^ in his Way to Carthagena^ Ibut underftanding the Strength of the Place, bore off to Ijea. The Inhabitants, as foon as they faw his Ships, took lArtns, and kept ftrid Guards ; being in fo good a Pofture of kefence, that they rather wished he would attack them, than Lfs them by. The French had indeed got 2000 Buccaneers tether at Petit Guaves^ with a Defign either to attack the Is^flwwr^f in Hifpaniola^ or the Englijh in Jamaica j but llhe Storm fell on the Spaniards. Admiral Nevillyffzs then in thofe Parts, in fearch of Mon- licur Pointi j and the Monmouth^ one of Nevill's Squadron, Itook a French Privateer, that had juft put the Governor of \uit Guaves aihore. Adthiral Nevill arrived at Jamaica the i6\h of May, kf^-j. and failed again- the 25th, having ftaid there for a iVind. Two or three Days after he difcovered Pointi's ■oijiiadron returning from Carthagena, and chafed them a ■Day and a Night ; but the French out failing him, got Lay, except a rich Ship, formerly taken from the Spaniards, lleing Vice-Admiral of the Burlovento Fleet, which the Ipiincers Afine and the Hollandia brought to Jamaica, having loDboard, befides Plate, 800 Barrels of Powder, and loo Itims. The Ship and Cargo were computed to be worth liooooo Pounds Sterling. - Admiral Nevill failed to the Coafts of Hifpaniola, to ok after the Galleons. Ke landed fome Men on the land, made himfelf Mafter of Petit Guaves^ plundered burnt it to the Ground. He alfo took feven French yrivateers. i The Admiral died in Augujl. Commodore Mees, Capt. l)/«/, Capt. Holmes., Capt. Belhvood, Capt. Dyer, Capt. M^y, and Capt. Fc/Ur died alfo in this Voyage. They fere all Commanders of Men of War, and the Seamen fere fwept away by the Sicknefs which raged in the Fleet. [The Squadron was, after the Death of Admiral Nevill and pmmodore Mees^ commanded by Capt. Dilh, who ftop- iinhisWay home at /^/V^/Wtf, Where the Seamen recover- i their Health. I The French foon repaired their LofTes this Year by the mli/hi for in the next we find they talked of invading hmica. They had 14 Men of War at Petit Guaves, m of which were 70 Gun Ships. [Sir William BeeJIon fent Capt. Mofes thither in a Sloop.; ] fetch. off a Man, or more, to get Information of their %ns i which he performed very well, lauding with four five Men, 335 i I ." «, will! I ■' ""' ■ (if ' 'I :,|5H >|';„ 336 Af^yor Gen Sclwyn Ctvernau He Hiftory of Jamaica. Men, who took one Grumbles out of a Houfe, as he was at I Dinner, and brought him away. Grumbles was a Native of Jamaica^ where he lived mi ai few Years before, when he ran away to the French at HifX paniola, where he was the chief Man that inftigated the Kne-I my to invade, plunder, and deftroy the Iflaiid of Jamaica his Native Country. The French were enraged at the Lofs of fo ufeful a Man and if he was hanged, threatened to do the fame by CaptJ Price Commander of a London Ship, which thev had taicen] and kept the Captain Prifoncr at Petit Guaves. Grumbh} faid the French defigned for the Havana ; but the timely No] tice the Spaniards had of their Preparations broke all theij Meafures. In 1698, the Aflembly pad an Adt for fortifying Port\ Royal : Upon which the Governor removed thither froj] Spanijh-Town to fee that Work begun. The Scots now fettled aiDarien, and fortified Golden-ljlani at the Bottom of the Gulph, where the Ifthmus betweej that and the South-Seas is fo narrow, that a few Men mighl defend it againft Multitudes, and deny all PaiTage that Way td the Indies : But King William being in a ftridt Alliance witj the King of Spain at that Time, this Settlement of the 8c^ was an open Breach of it, and he could not fuffer his En^lij Subjedls to be affifting to the new Colony, without wholj Affiftance it was impoffible for the Scots to effed their Ddign Orders were fent to the Governor of Jamaica and other Go vernorsin the We/i- Indies, not to let them be fupplied fron thence ; lb for Want of Provifion the Scots were forced 1 abandon their Settlement: For which Lofs Satisfadion I been fmce made them, upon the Conciufion of the late happ Union between the two Nations. In the Year 1^99, Admiral Bembow arrived at Jamid with a Squadron of Men of War, the Seamen were infedel with a mortal Diftemper, which carried off great Numb of them, as alio of the Officers. The South Sea Cajile Capt. Stepney^ and the Biddefon Capt. Sear I J two Men of War were call away, Anno 170 near Hifpaniolay and 30 Barrels of Powder blew up in Arj Charles in Port-Royal, at faluting a Scots Ship. Sir ^Villiam Beejiondyin^ in the Year 1700, Major Genj ral Selwyn was made Governor of Jamaica in April 170J at which Time the liland was in a very flourifliing Conditio Admiral Bembow*8 Squadron healthy. This Commander was very vigilant and brave in (he Di| charge of hisTruft, and had CruiMrs always about tbelH 337 ernoft T^e mjloty tf Jamaica.' for the Security of Trade; it being expedted, that the War between EnglandznA France^ which had ceafed about 4. Years, would break out again, on the French King's feizing the Spa- ntjh Dominions in Europe and America. Major General 5(?/tf;'« arrived at Port-Royal in 1701, but died foon after his Arrival, and Peter Beckford^ Efq; was Peter Beck-; cbofen Lieutenant Governor by the Council; who receiving ^"l^**' ^^'' Advice of the Death of King Wiinam the Jlld of glorioul gZ^'"' Memory, ordered all the great Guns to be fired at a Minute's Diftance, 9X.Si.JagooxSpaniJh-Towny P ort- Royal and King'- |j?««, the 23d of June 1702, from Sun-fet to 12 at Night; the fame was done by Vice- Admiral Bembowy and the Men of War under his Command. The next Day our prefent Gracious Sovereign Queen Jnne 1 WIS, with all poflible Solemnity, proclaimed in Spanijh-Town |tiie Capital of the Ifland; the Lieutenant Governor, the I Council, and moft of the Gentlemen of the Place being prefent and the feveral Companies of Soldiers and Militia under Arms: All the great Guns in the Town were thrice difcharged, and were anfwered by as many Volleys of fmall Shot r All the Forts in the Ifland fired all their Guns thrice, Ud the Vice- Admiral, the Men of War, and all the Ships in the Port did the like. The Lieutenant Governor gave the Council and principal Gentry a noble Entertainment at Din- ner, and the Joy for her Majefty's Acceffion to the Throne, vas as great as their Sorrow for the Death of their late |$overeign. As foon as Admiral Bembow had Notice of the War break- ig out again between England and France^ that he might Ifith the greater Advantage infeft the Enemy, he detached llbaie of the Ships under his Command, and failed himfelf [with the reft of his Squadron to infult the French^ and their pew Confederates the Spaniards^ and intercept the Ships fent )^tfVeJl- Indies under Monfieur Du Cajfe, Some of thefe ffigats took between the two Capes of Hifpaniola and Cuba, I very rich Ship defigned for France^ mounted with 20 Guns iidi9o Men, which they fent tojamaica. The Admiral and his Officers by their long ftay in this Hand, were (o well accuftomed to the Climate, that they krc all in a good State of Health. The Brijiol Man of m took the Gloriana a Spanijh Man of War, and fent htr m?ort-Royal. She was bound for St. Domingo^ to carry a tw Governor from thence to Carthagena. The Admiral with 7 Men of War cruizing off Leogans p Petit GuaveSf put the French and Spaniards in a terrible lonftcrnation. He drove a French Man of War of 40 Vol. II. Z Guns •'•/ ji- :■ 111 Pill .'Mil"' I ■'> % i^,iB ■■'•Ik #''"r ,„, ''''■•i''3£l' ,33^ ^he Hijiory of Jamaica. Guns aflaore, and the Enemy blew her up, to prevent her falling into his Hands. He with his Boats fet fire to two great Merchant Ships, and took two more, with a Brigantinc and a Sloop ; which the Cdchejier brought into Port-Royal the i4.th of AuguJ}, 1702. After which he failed in fearch of Du Cajfe, The Council and Aflembly of Jamaica having tranfmittcd ft very loyal Addrefs to her Majcfty in England^ it was pr^ fented by Sir Gilbert Heathcoty and Sir Bartholomew Gract- dieuy VNOQfXimsnt Jamaica Merchants. Tn O^lober this Year the Queen was pleafed to appoint the Ivi^ht Honourable the Eail of Peter bar ough, who has fince riadc himfelf fo famous by his Conquefts in Spairiy to be i Governor of Jamaica^ and gave him larger Powers thani the Duke of Albemarle had. His Lordfliip being declared Captain General and Admiral of all her Majefty's Settletnents in the Wejl-Indiei^ Mr. Gray don was ordered with a Squa- dron to convoy the Lord Peterborough^ and the Forces be was to take with him thither: And all People concerned ijil the Plantations were extremely pleafed to fee this Cormnif.l Con in fo good Hands. Why this Lord did not go is a! Quellion we cannot anfwer : And it is therefore enough fori us to obferve only, that Mr. Gray don went with the Men of I War, and fome Tranfports ; and that the Voyage proved un-I fortunate both to bim and the Kit^om. In the mean] Time, Admiral Bembow hearing Commodore IVheftoniA with feveral Ships, was abroad, failed to join him ; but unJ dcrftandifig Monfieur Du CaJJe was expcfted at Leagane^ M went thither in fearch of him. In his Paflage he took a| French Sloop, and forced a French Man of War of 50 Guns to run her felf afhore at Leo^ane, where flie blew up; he liuik another of the Enemy's Ships of i5 Guns, took oneo^ 3,0, another of 16, and a third of fix. He afterwards went to Petit Guaves^ and Czpe Dma Maria ; where he received Advice that Monfieur Du Caj vr.d& fetled for CarthagenOy and (a Sail after him the lotho^ ylugujiy towards the Coaft of St. Marthoy with the Budai Captain Fog^ of 70 Guns, on board which he was himfdf J the Defiancey Col. Richard Kir by Commander, of 64 Guns] the frtndfory Cixptain John ConJhibUy of fixty Guns; the Greenwich y Captain Cooper Wadey of 54 Gunsj thJ P^byy Capt. George IValtoriy of 48 Gunsj the Pendem\ Capt. Thomas Hudforiy of 48 Gonsj and the Falmtutk Capt. Samtiel Vincent y of 48 Guns. On the 15 th, he came in S^ht of Monfieur DuC ^ \^bG had with him four flout Ships, from dd to 70 Guns, on -. -• grafl ^P It*-/^^': ^he Hijlory of Jamaica. great t>utch built Ship, of 30 or 40 Guns, and one fmall Ship, full of Soldiers, with a Sloop, and three other fmall Vcflels. The Admiral imnnediatcly made a Signal for an Engagement, and attacked the Enemy very bravely, main- taining the Fight five Days. If the other Ships of his Squa- dron had feconded him, he would certainly have taken or deftroyed all the French^ but four of his Ships did not aflift him. The Ruhy was difabled on the 21ft, and fent to fart-Royal^ and the whole Burthen lay upon the Admiral jnd the Falmouth'^ who however took a Prize, being an In^lijh Veflel, which the French had formerly taken. The ]^reda fo difabled Du Cajfis fecond Ship, that ftie was towed away, and very much fliattered the reft of his Squa- dron. The Admiral, on the 24.th, had his Leg broken by iChain-fliot, which yet did not difcourage him from con- tinuing the Fight j but not being able to prevail with hij Captains to concur with him in his Defign, he was obliged to give it over, and fo Dn Cap got into Porto Bella. He ordered the Offenders to be taken into Hold; and when he arrived at Jamaica, granted a Commiflion to Rear- Admiral Whttpne, who was then there, and other Officers, to try them. A Court Martial was held, and Arnold Brown, Efq; i Judge Advocate, officiated in his Place on this Occafion. Col. Kirby and Capt. IVade, were, for Cowardice and Breach of Orders, condemned to be (hot to Death, but the Execu- tion was refpited till her Majelty*;! Pleafure fliould be known. Capt. Conjiahle being cleared of Cowardice, was for Breach of Orders cafliicred from her Majefty's Service, and con- demned to Imprifonment, during her Royal Pleafure. Capt. ^viifm died before his Trial. This Sentence was certainly very juft ; for during the whole Courfe of the Wars between Efigland and France^ never did two Englijhmen bring fuch Dilhonour upon their Country, as Kirhy and JVade^ through their Cowardice and Treachery. Befides the great Profit that they hindered the Nation of receiving, by the Deftrudtion of Du Cafft.^ and his Squadron, which perhaps would have prevented the fmch in all their Defigns on the Wejl-Indies, and forwarded the Redudion of the Spanijh Dominions there : But this fiiir Opportunity was loft ; and without the Gift of Pro- phecy we can forefee, we (hall not foon have fuch another. The Admiral lived till the 4th of November, and then died of the Wound he received in the Engagement with D« Cajfe. Captain Whetjione took on him the Command of the Squadron of Men of War, which was then at Port' 339 /:fii I; '^iu 'W' ■:••!:■-' s t :"m'^' «:^ VyKlil 340 i The Hijlory of Jamaica.' The Merchants there fitted out a great Nuinber of Prj, vateers, and nine c. ten of them attacked a Place called Toulouy on the Continent, about lo Leagues from Car' tha^ima^ which they took, plundered and burnt. From thence they failed to Caledonia^ went up the River Dar'm and perfuaded the Indians to be their Guides j who in twelve Days carried them to the Gold Mines at Santa Cruz de Cana near Santa Maria. The <)i\i Day of their March, thry ffll in with an Out- Guard of ten Men, which the Spaniu*ds had ported at fome Diiiance from the Place ; of whom they took nine, but the other efcaping, gave Notice at the Mines of t'iic t Approach. Upon which the ricbcft of the Irj-jab'r *nts r'lilred from thence, with theiv Money snd Jewels. However the Eng. UJh, to the NiuTiber of 400 iVien, being come up, took the Forr, and posTcfled themfelves of the Mine; where there remained about 70 Negroe^^ whom they k: to work, and continued there* 21 Dayj, in which Time they got about] 80 Pound Weight of Gold Duft, T''^y alfo found feveral Parcels of Plate, which the Spaniards Lzd buried when they left that Place. The Bngll/lj^ a: meir Departure, burnt all | the I'own, except the Church, and returned to their Sloops, carrying away the Negroes with them. | Some went farther up the River, having a Defign upon | another Gold Mine, called Chocoa : and two of the Priva- teers, commanded by Capr;iin Plowman and Captain Gand^y I failed towards Cuba, landed near Trinidado -, and with 100 Men took the Town, burnt part of it, and brought off a | very conlidcrable Booty. This Year Colonel Thomas Handafyde was appointed Lieu- ^^^trmu* ffi"a"t Governor of Jamaica ; and Captain Whetjlone having refitted his Ships, failed with 12 Men of War to look out! the Enemy, But before we can give an Accout of this Ex- pedition, we muft take Notice of the dreadful Judgment I which fell upon the rich and beautiful City of PorZ-iJc^ for it then deferved that Name, and which fo far buried ir, that it is now no where to be fcen, but in a Heap of Pvuins. On the 9th of January^ 170". between 11 and 12 inthel Morning, a Fire happened through Carelefnefs in this Town, I which before Night confumed ir, without leaving a Houfel Handing. The Place being fituatcd on a fmall Neck ofj Land, furrounded by the Sea, and taken up wholly withl Houfes, and the Streets ancf Lanes narrow, admitted not ofj that Help which might have been otherwife given ; and thel People could not fave fo much of their Goods as they niightl have done in a more open Place: HoAvever the two Royall Fortsl f „/. Tbo. The Hiftory of Jamaica. Forts and Magizines did not receive any Damage, nor any of the Ships at Anchor, except one Brigancine and a Sloop, which were burnt. Moft of the Merchants faved their Money and Books of Accompt, and fonie of them confiderable Quantities of Merchandize, through the AITiftance of Boats I from the Men of War. The Governor, on this fad Oc- cafion, fummoned the Aflembly to meet at Kingjiort^ recom- mended to them the Cafe of the poor Inhabitants, and ac- quainted them, that by the Advice of the Council he had made fome Disburfemencs for that End ; feveral Barrels of Beef, Flower, and frefli Provifions having been fenc to ttietn. Upon this Information, the Aflembly unanimoufly Irefolved, That they would reimburfe the Treafury, what been or fhould be expended for the Relief and Support jof the diftrefled People, and prayed the Governor and Council to continue their Care of them. They alfo, with the Concurrence of the Lieutenant Governor, took fuch ferther Relblutions, as were neceflary for the Safety and IWelfere of the llland in this Exigency. They voted. That \hri-Royal ftiould not be rebuilt; but that the People fliould lemove to Kingjion^ where Streets were laid out, and fco.a I built and inhabited. News of Vice Admiral Bembow's Death coming to Eng- IW, Vice- Admiral Graydon was ordered to Jamaica, to take on him the Command of the Squadron there. Before he arrived, Capt. ff^hetj lone returned to that Ifland, having been out from the 14th of February, to the 9th of Jpril foU lowing, -y^. Z). 1703. He cruifed about five Weeks on both Sides of Hi/paniola, in hopes of meeting with a confi- derable Fleet of Merchant bhips ; which, as he had been informed, was expedted in thofe Parts, under a Convoy from iFmce .-But not being able to get any Account of them, Ihe failed to Petit Guaves and Leogane, in the Gulph of iHifpaniola j and for the better preventing any Ships efcap- ling out of that Bay, he divided his Squadron, and fenc [Captain Vincent, who had fo bravely feconded Admiral Beni' Vm in his Battle with Du CaJJe, with one half to the ISouthward, and himfelf fteered with the reft to the North - Iward. As he had conjectured, three French Privateers, up- on the Appearance of Capt. Vincent, and the Ships with him. Hood away immediately to the Northward, and fo came in khe Gommodore's View, whochaced one of 12 and another pf 14 Guns aftiore, where they were burnt, and the third of Guns was taken. In the mean Time, Captain Vincent pith his Boats rowed in the Night undifcovered into the Cuf^ S'hcre there lay four Ships, of which the biggeft was former- Z3 ly 3+1 my--:; 'r ft-'. I , li;. i^' M ..': :.'! ■.* 'i 1 ' ' I. -iV,." s ■ - ■ \M\ 342 715^ Hijlory of Jamaica. ly taken from the Etiglijh, and was called the Selwin. She I had her full Cargo, and was richly laden, but all her Sails were a(hore. Captain Vinunt burnt one, funk another, and towed out a thirds which was a effort of the Privateers • the fourth was boarded by one of the Boat's Crews, but by Accident blew up. This ak.rnied the Enemy at Land, and put them into a terrible Conflemation to fee their Ships burning on both Sides of choir Bay. The Squadron lookedi into Porto Paix, on the North -iide, but found no Ships! there. Thefe four Privateers were all the French had atl Hifpantola^ and were defigned to fail with 500 Men to thel North-fide of Jamaica, to make a Dcfcent, and plunder and| deftroy the Country. The Engl^/b brought away 120 Pri- foners, and the French fuffered a conliderable Lofs in their| Ships and Goods. On the 5 th of y«w/, 170 3- Vice- Admiral Graydon ixX rived at Jamaica^ having on board 2000 Land Soldiers,! Whofe chief Commander was Venirh CoUnhine, Efq^ Bri dier General of Foot, who died on Ship- board, when the Ship, were in Sight of the Ifland. Indeed there had beeni great Mortality in the Fleet, and the f.)iragr€cment between the two Clima'.cs of England and the If^eji-Indies is fuch,| that ic is very difcouraging to fend Soldiers thither ; where they have no Enemy 10 fear fo much as the very Air they breathe. This cannot be faid of pcjoned Men j but no Pretences to the contrary will prevail againit a Truth con^ firmed by fo many fad Ejcperiences. Kirhy and Wode, the two cov/ardly Captains above- men-] tioned, being this Year fent home Prifoners, under Sentencfl of Death, found a Warrant lodged for their Execution, i\ ibon as they ca»,ne to Plymouth^ and they were accordingly fliot a Ship-board : A juft Example to all thofe Traitors, who take Commiffions only to fill rheir Pockets, and feed thcid Debaucheries, and have no Confideration tor the Service 0^ their Queen and Country. On Shrove'Tuefday^ as the People were at Church at Kin^]^ Jlon^ they felt a ^hakt of an Earthquake, which v/as fraallj and did no Damage. The Men of Wa here, in 14 Days Time, A. D. 1704,] took three French Privateers, 120 Prifoners, and retook Sloop of Jamaica ; fo that thefe Seas w«re almoft entirelj| cleared of the Enemies Rovers. This Ifland was then verj^ healrhy ; and the Merchants traded enough with the Spanmi<\ to fill it with Money. It is to be wilhed they may have En] couragcmcnt in that Trade, and the beli Encouragement i to lecure it. Oil] 7he Hijiory of Jamaica. On the 7 th of May^ Captain IVhetJlone (now Rcar-Ad- joiral) arrived at Jamaica^ with fix Men of War and 1 2 Merchant Ships from England. He took a Brigantine and I Sloop in his Paflage. His Men were healthy, and fo continued. On the tfth of June he failed to cruize, and took off Car- lla^ena a French Ship of 46 Gunr, after a very refolute De-- fence made by the Captain. One of the Jamaica Privateers took another French Ship of 24. Guns. Rear-Admiral TVhetJione ftay'd in thefe Parts till Septem- i/r, 170^. when he left Captain ^Vr Commander in Chief of the Squadron which remained Jiere. Bi^fore he failed for England^ the Cruizers of 'Jamaica brought in there eight Prizes. One of them a French Mer- chant Ship, very richly laden, commanded by one Cordier^ and taken by the Experiment Man of War, a Privateer of ^Jamaica being in Company. A Dutch Caper afterwards took a Spanijh Advice-Boat of 14 Guns, bound for St. D^- and another of 22 Guns, bound for the Havana, mn- I Which (hews us how advantageoufly this Illandis fituated to jnnoy the Spaniards in the Wejl-lndiesy if proper Methods ct doing it were purfued, and due EncourageracDt given to Ifych as would undertake it. The Behaviour of feveral Captains of Men of War in I thefe Parts has been very infamous, and the Nation has fuf* jfered much by it. \^Jan. 170,7. before the Arrival of Captain Kerr^ her iMajefiy's Ships the Brijiol and Folkjion met with ten Sail of Merchant Men bound from Petit Guaves to France^ under Convoy of two French Men of War, one of 24, and ano- ther of 30 Guns ; out of which Captain Anderfon^ Com- modore of the Englijh^ took fix French Merchant Men, laden with Sugar, Cocao, Cocheneal, and Indigo, and brought them to Jamaica-^ where, when he arrived Admi- ral //7;^///. i*' "'I'l'ia ■ iV' 'If M '';''!ki; ■i,-^,,. I ■ y. 't- , ■»'■ , 1, ■ ■ -j'Hi^i 1 ■ii ! r.^ ] ■ ¥u m^ ^ ' i 1'? ■ ''i '.' / '•dwlv^ ■ i:n iiiOT'.^; '^A ■ -i '^■^^ ys 344 ^e Hiflory of Jamaica. Hopes of ever being employed in her Majcfty's Service more.l I do not think it will be expedted, that in ihc Hiftory <^\\ the BriliJ?} Empire in /^mtrica^ 1 fhould enter into the varioua Caufcs of Differences between the Governors and Aflcmblics Councils and Aflemblies, publick and private Perfons, fartherl than the i^encval Good or Evil is concerned in them, wj find the Governor Col. Hatidafydc and the Aflcmbly jn ill Terms or ill Temper in the Year 1611, infomuch that tht Governor diflfolved the AlTcmbly, as a Jamaica Man writes] under a (ham Pretence, at the Inltigation of Richard Ri^hyl Efq; Provotl Marflial General and others of a Cabal witl! him : And how happy the Inhabitants here were in the DifJ pofuion of their Employments in the Cafe of this Man, will appear by his being at this Time, or foon after, a Mcmbcrol the Council, Provoft MarHial General, and thus he is, by M D^'puty Marflial, Executioner both in civil and criminal Caies, Secretary of the Ifland, by Deputation from Mr. Ba\ b:r the Pattentee, Clerk of Inrollments of all Deeds, Con- veyances, Letters, Putcntj, fSc The executive Power oi fo many important Offices being in one Hand, it is eafy tq conceive if ir was not an honourable Perfon, the Inhabitantj| would be cxpofcd to much Tyranny and Oppreffion, and if ha was a Man of Honour and Integrity, he would not accept oS fo many and fo inconliftent Trufts; to prevent which a Dill pad the AlTcmbly,, but was not ratified in England. HoweveJ when it was again paft with fonie Modifications, it was con^ firmed at Homcy a Term ufed in the Sugar Colonies foij England^ which the Planters always think of as their Homcj which ftiews their natural AlFedtion to our Country. I will our Atfedlion for them bore any Proportion to it. In y^/jf 1 71 1, the new Governor Lord /frf/7/^<7/c/ //i7ffi;7«] UrdAr(\n- f(jfj arrived at Jamaica^ and put off the Meeting of the M\ ton Ga^r- fembly for fome Time, It was fufpecfted that he was inJ fluenced therein by the Suggeflion of the above-mentioned Righy^ ^P^tlUam Broderick^ Efqj Attorney General, and DrJ John Stewart ; I know not whether he was a graduate Fhyj lician or a Surgeon, or Apothecary only, it being very coraj mo , I the Sugar Iflands for fuch Kind of Profeffors to ereif them f ill ves! into Doctors, and as Doners fome have acquire(l very confidcrable Eflates. But at this Time Jamaica waJ hnippy in the Advice of a Phyfician of the molt NoteinbiJ Profeflion, Dr. Thomas Hoy^ Profeflbr of Phyfick in m Univerfiry of Oxford^ who lived here many Years and kepd his Protcilbrfliiip -at Oxford by Favour of that UniveriityJ who admitted of his holding it by a Deputy, or rather hj poxy, The Attorney General Bwidtrick came hither fron 171T. mot 1, the Inhabitant! H:e Hijlory of Jamaica. Ihnifirraty and we have been told that his leaving that lllaiKi was not voluntary. Be that as it will, he was in the fpecial G race here at this Time, and this Attorney, Rigbyznd Itdiart were called the Ttiumvirate, to denote the Supe- fiority of their Power, wh i Ibme pretend was the fame with that of the Governor, whole Removal afterwards fccms to warrant fuch an Opinion, as well as the Charaders of this Triumvirate, Notwithftanding tho Endearments bef./ecn the new Mi- tiilers in England and thofe of France^ and the Attachment (his Governor's Brother Duke Hamilton had to the Pre- tenki'slntereft, the Inhabitants of Jamaica were in dread- ful Apprehenfions of being attacked by the French. Juft a- tiout the Time that the Duke of Ormond declared a Suf- ptndon of Arms between the Englijh and French in Flanders^ Csfart with a Squadron of French Men of War plundered mntferraty and it was feared at Jamaica he was coming to do the fame there. An Embargri was laid un ail Shipping, jnd the London Fleet detained in the Harbour j into which the Ships were hawled as clofe as could be to the bhore, and ill Difpofitions made for Defence, but no Co/fart came, to the no little Joy of the Inhabitants, which iaikd not long; lor they were thrown into a more terrible Confternation, by a furious Hurricane of Lightning, Wind and Rain without Thunder. The Wind then at North fliifted to the South. Itbeq;anon the 28th of Jugu/i 1712, about eight at Night, mi continued till two in tha Morning, during which fourteen Ships belonging to this Ifland were loll, together with feveral Wonging to Lon4on and Btijlol. The Ships of War and all other Ships and Sloops received much Damage, as well at X^igfton as Port-Royal'^ many Houfes and VVarehoufes were blown down, and very few efcaped being fhattered in Pieces, jnd the violent Rains ruined or damaged Abundance of Goods. Tlie Trees were moftiy blown up by the Roots^ the Sugar Works deftroyed or much damaged, the Canes lind Negroes Provifions generally blown away. Four hundred of the Ships Crews at Port-Royal and Kingjion were drowned, jand feveral Perfons were killed by the F'all of Houff:^, 'jfr. On Monday the I ft of September following, tha martial Law was proclaimed, and all the Inhabitants were in Arms |to be ready for Defence, if the Enemy fliould take Advan- tage of the Diftre(s they were in to invade the Ifland. On |the 1 8th of September there was another violent Tempeft, hich lafted from 8 a Clock at Night till next Day at Noon. he Defiance^ Salisbury and Centurion Men of War efcaped e Storm, being cruizing o£F St. Martha and Carthagena, The 345 >» It: " njx^ ■f'h' «■ f '-m -"^-'lii" If ■*' 2±6 ^^L* HiJIory of Jamaica. The Governors of 'Jamaica fcnt the Spy Sloop to get In tclligence of the Fremh^ and at her Return Ncv/s wa^ brought that they had fuflfcred in Mic Storm, and had quittctj this Coaft. As great as was thii St-jrm, that which happened here I o Years after was much gr ;• t. Labour and Indudry are fo pi>:.nui, Idlcnefi and Eafe {A plcalant to moft Men, that it is no Won !er fo many throvj ihcmfclves out of all Means of fubfifting themfclvcs by bo] neft careful Bulinefs, and follow Courtiers and Miniftcrs foj Offices. This Infatuation has carried Thoufands out o| England to Ireland and the IVeJi-Indies, flattering thcmfelvc] and very often being flattered with vain Hopes of PrefetJ ment from the new appointed Governors, as if they werj fcnc to their Governments only to flU up Vacancies j but'tha Difappointment they generally meet with, is a a good Lcffoq to others to beware of running into the like Misfortune. There came with this Governor to Jamaica^ David ^t\ Clarfy Efq; Son of the Lord St. Clare of Scotland, Robtr] Pater/on, Efq^ Brother of Sir Hugh Pater/oi, Richarl Denhanty Eiq; Brother of STr Thomas Denhamy Mr. Rolirl Douglasy recommended by his Grace the Duke of Roxkr^A Mr. Elliot a young Gentleman, Heir to an Eftate, recoml mended by Sir Gili>cti Elliot of Stobh, Dr. St. Clair , SoJ of Sir Rr)hert St. dairy Phyfician to the Governor at hij landing, Lieutenant John Mehewsy who was recommendc:J by the Duke and I^irchefs of Ormopid, and I marvel it wai ' not more fucccfsful ; Mr. Patrick Hamilton late Sheriff ol Cork. The Fate of thefc Gentlemen and Mr. Mackmi] Secretary to the Governor, is too biographical for our com] pendious Hiftory, but may be fecn at large in a Lefterfrom Gentleman in Jamaica to his Friend at London, printed iij the Year 1714, which is written with fo much Freedom) that one would think it was never intended for the Prcfsl mA if the Fa£ls are true, I fliould have much wondered th Government of this Ifland was not put into other Hand$J had not the Government of England been then in the Hand] of Pcrfons, who fell afterwards under Attainders and Ira] peachments. The moft extraordinary Inftance of Oppreffion and In] juftice that ever I met with under WeJi'India Governor who have not fpared giving fuch Sort of Inftances, is that o| Efchsats J a Law Term for feixing the Lands and Tene ments of the Owners, under Pretence that they hadnij Right to them, and confequenily they were fallen to th Crown. Accordingly feveral Plantations cultivated Aocked by parcicuiar Perfons at their groat Charge, upoij Tm ^he Hiftory of Jamaica. kjtlcs of former pMrchafcrs and Grantees, 347 ww/Vtf, David M which Titles Ling fee afide, as the rapacious Toois of Governnncnt knew Lv/to do, they took the faid Lands and l'encmcnt« fo c-^"'""'" ^"■ Ifcheatcd to their own Ufc tho* in other Names, and kept "' Itlian or ibid them as they faw fit, but generally fold them prevent Claoiour, and divide the Guilt and Blame ic with others. The Letter above-mentioned charge* li^/^ as the chief Engine in this Work, and what a ter- ible Thing it is to conceive, that an honcl^ induilrious family, who have laid out their whole Subftance upon |i Plantation greater or fmaller, and brought it into a Con- ponof fublifting and fomctimes enriching them, (hall all at IdDC^bedifpoileflcd of it, and reduced to Want and Beggary, iBgratify the Avarice of Men in Power. Their Way was to l{tta Jury to appraifc the Eilate in Quelhon at a fmall Price, Ifxl returning that fmall Price as the Efcheat Fee, they fell it loralTign iiy or take out the Grant in other Names, and have lldilpofed of for their own Ufe. In the Parifh of Clarendon was a Plantation, that belonged to one Kupuy a naturalized Dutchman^ that produced 120 iHogHieads of Sugar yearly, and was farmed at 300 /, a Year liijr Trujftecs in Behalf of his Grand -daughter and Heir, a Minory who dying foon after her SucceflTion, the Eftate was jiDincdiately efcbeatcd, and 'tho' it was rented at ;oo/. a lyear, and had 120 Negroes in it worth 25 /. a Head, a- linounting to 3000 /. and the 120 Hogdieads of Sugar, Iducd in the Country at 2 /. a Hogflicad grofs Amount, and IIbiI befides very valuable Appurtenances ; yet the Jury the Ifrovoft Marihal fummoned and fwore, gave in the Valuation jiipon Oath at but i^'^6 /. The Renter of this Plantation Mr. Swymmer^ a Name weU [JDown in the City of Brijiol^ at 300 /. a Year, got a very Eftate out of it in a few Years, and this Eftate, which ta moderate Computation may be reckoned to have been [north 6 or 7000 /. was by that (worn Jury rated at lefs than I Quarter Part of its real Value to the Crown, by thefe Of- fers of the Crown, then in the higheft Truft at Jamaica^ |butthis is a Trifle to what they accomplidied at the Expence <)f their Oaths and Confciences in other Cafes. A Plantation belonging to Nathaniel Herring, Efqj of Vtjimreland Parifti of 540 Acres, was fworn by the Pro- oft Marlliars Jury to be worth but il 2s.6 d. to the Crown, iowcver, Mr. Herring who had before bought ir and paid it, was forced to pay for an Efcheat Patent 300 /. befides Dtnpofition Money to the Triumvirate aforefaid, and Fees I the Provoft Marihal Ri^^y and the Attorney General, of whom 1', '■"^ r 1 t •' 1 1 1 ' ^ t ' 'i. 1,1 t' ' '■ ■ f^i III :^ • •f' 'ia , IN I, ■ ' m • '"^i 'yr,'uf^»: i' "'jtI ,,,V. itjfh ,1 i>' ■:'M. ' ..-4 I'M III ' ' ' ?Xl 348 7de Hiflory of Jamaica. whom I was told fuch Things by his own Son, that I cail eafily give Credit to whatever is faid of him in the Jamaul Letter, where are thefe Expreflions with which I (hall drol this invidious Subje6l. TTje Mal-Pra£fices of Mr. R-— byl hii Confederates^ Abettors and Tools^ have been fo grof sly fraJ dulent and opprejfive, to the manifefi Prejudice both of th ^een and the Subje£f^ that in the efcheating of Ejiates^ whethe\ jujily efcheatable or noty the private Compojition given to G rsy be/ides what thefe ejcheat Parties have A ihemf elves y has oftener than once amouted to near 300 77 J as much as the pretended trifing Value^ tho* upon Oath of [u\ Efiates brought to the ^een*s Account. ' The Jamaica Letter would furnifh one with Multiplicirt of like amazing Inftances of Oppreffion in th j EfcheauA chief Miniflers at that Time in this liland ; but as I believi the Author was injured and confequently angry, the Stile i rot always decent enough for an impartial Reader. Whi he fays, which carries a Face of Truth, renders the Changl of Government in this Colony 2 or 3 Years after lefs fur prizing, and the more agreeable to thofe that wifh it well. The AflTembly was fo fenfi'ole of the Grievances of thil Adminiihation, that they pafl three Ads, which would havl gone very far towards redreffing them. An Act to prevtn any one Perfon holding two or more Offices and Pnjis in thi IJland. This referred particularly to Mr. Righyh being once Secretary of Stare, Provoft Marflhal General, \^\ An ASi for regulating exorbitant Fees. An A£i for quUtin Men's Poffeffions^ and prevehting vexatious Suits at Law. Th Reafon and Neceffity of thefe good Laws arc fo obviou^ that it would be impertinent to offer Arguments to fuppoi] j^^f^ iiigby'i them. The Provoff Marjhal, who was concerned chiefly inth bdd At- Act againft exorbitant Fees, as well as that of holdingOffice ttmft. took one effedual Method to put a Stop to the pafTing thetj in England i for as Secretary, it was his Bufinefs to take Cai) of tranfmitcing an authentick Copy of all Ads of Affemblj that were fent Home for Ratification, and what made fuc Copy authentick, was the affixing the Broad Seal of th liland to it, which that fagacious Minifter depending on hi own Weight and Influence in the Government of Jamicd artfully omitted, and the Copy of thefe Adls being tranj mitted without a Broad Seal, could not confequently receiw the neceffary Ratifications in England. The Adt for quielj ing PofTeffions, related to the EJcheats before-mentioned. The Jamaica Men complainmg very much of the Dilad vantage the Colony has often in profecuting Suits in Cha eery, where the Governor as Chancellor dicides Caufei . . . ^ th *The Hiflory of Jamaica. he knows no more of Law than of Gofpel, inftancing jrticulaily in the former Governor Col. Handaftde^ whofe /ijcation he fays, was generally confined to Pike and Mujket^ Jit need not be much wondered «., if he underjiood, without miration^ little more of the Office of a Lord Chancellor^ and \iecidingof abjirufe and knotty Law Cafes ^ than he did of jfl/ he commonly by Mijiake called the Creed of St. Ignatius, fiening that of St. Athanafius, to which hefaid, he could not jafiiy reconciled J which Opinions do not feem to dif- Jify him to judge of Right and Wrong, whatever the itter would infinuate by it. [ It would be an Injury to the Colonies, if we funk what us of the little Care that has been taken, to fupply the iiurts of Juftice with able and experienced Judges. The ter Writer vouches for the Truth of his Aflertions j lee it ) in his own Words. Our prefent Chief Juftice and Chief Judge of the \Grand Court, that is the Courts of ^een's-Benchy Com^ Ub-P/mj, and Exchequer in one, was likewife bred at |Sea from a Boy upwards, and happening to get the Com- mand of a Frigat, had the good or bad Luck, I can't, tell [which, to lofe her on a Rock in Sight of Port-Royal^ with- any Strefs of Weather, fo that thinking it not con- Ivenicnt to return Home, he fettled here and became firft \i?lanter and then a Judge. ' The next Judge was a Soldier in one of the Regiments I of Foot Guards, and his Captain trufting him to pay his Company's 5«^/^^«f^ Money, he borrowed a Week's Pay [of the faid Company, drew his own Pafs, and made the Ibeft of his Way to Jamaica ^ fon\e fay he fold himfelf to Ithe Mafter of the Ship that brought him. However, be Itbat as it will, he married a Planter's Widow, and is now Ithe firft of the fix Afliftant Judges of the Grand-Court. IaU the reft of the Afliftant Judges are likewife Planters, lof indifferent Eftates and have no Salaries-' infinuating they make their Market of the Judgments they give. me Author confirms this with other more Ihocking In- Dces and Particulars, but I fliall not tranfplant them into Hiftory, fmce he has not thought fit to warrant them, fetcing his Name to his Information, and I fliould not |ve given fo much of his Letter a Place in it, had I not own the like Grievances to have been complained of in our feer Colonies, and particularly the Characters of the Per - ns he fpeaks of by other very authentick Information. I |i[e this Hiftory for Ufe and not for Amufement, and my fisf Aim in all Events I relate, and all Refiedtions I make 349 """I:. J H:«^'',.ll *vAMi''-'Wi-''' Bi, Ji- I w %■ i'.m #*Sii •1 v: fir.-: -*irfi ftf 'u --IS' '■ " ttf) imm T. !':4 35^ 72 epredatio^ which probably were committed by Particulars for their | vate Gains, without any Warrant from the Governments I either Nation. The Englijh were charged with landing] Hifpaniola and carrying off Negroes, Indigo and other Go to a great P'alue ; but upon Complaint of the Spanijh verncr of St. Domingo^ the Governor and Council of msik • ^he Hijlory of Jamaica, jjVtf, finding good Caufc fo to do, ordered full Satisfadion I be made to the Spanijh Sufferers, which the Englijh could gt procure for their Lofles by the Spaniards, from the Spa- I Governors of Cuba and Hifpaniola. The Damages the ^lljb fuftained by the Robberies of the Spaniards, amount- Ito above 200,000 Pieces of Eight in Httie more than a ■after the Utrecht Peace, by ^hxchSpain through the Fa- of England only obtained fo many Advantages, chat flie cstne in a Condition to reward her Benefadbors wich Pil- I and Spoil, and to defend her Ufurpations and Piracies by Inns. About this Time the Fbtilla from New Spain was (liip- ckcd on the Coaft of Florida and the Bahama- IJlands feveral Sloops, went to fifh on the Wrecks from Ja-- iu and other Places. There were Hoftilities committed on [Spaniards zfter the Satisfadion given them. Lord Jr- %iild Hamilton faying in his Vindication, ' Jonathan Qt-nes who commanded the Snow Tyger, who made L Affidavit againft his Lordfliip, was the firft who com- Ifflitted Hoftilities upon the Cuba Shore.' 1 But inconfiderable were thofe Excurfions of the EngliJh^ npared with the daily Piracies and Acts of Hoftilities com- liitcd by the Spaniards on the Englijh after the above Cal- btions of 200,000 Pieces of Eight Damage. I cannot for- taicing Notice of the great Regard one ought to have tto give Credit to one Party in the Colonies complaining ^nft another, without carrying an even Hand between . The Oppofers of Lord Archibald Hamilton made and fuccefsful Complaints againft him, for granting iommiffions which had been abufed ; but when he was re- d, and thefe Complainers had lefs Power in their own ads, See what his Lordih% fays in his Vi Ucation, as it J written to his Lordlhip from Jamaica. The Agents art 1,^, and do notjiick to fay that the. fame Lord Hamilton is ed for nothing but to cover the Piracies. So many of their mds being concerned in Jennings'^-, ar^: robbing the Ships in Royal Harbour: May not this fhew us a little into it fort of Hands Oppofition and Clamour generally falls. Letter from Jamaica is crammed with bitter Com- ints of the like Ads of OpprefTion with thefe before- ioned ; but I do not find one of them formed into an icle againft his Lordfhip. The main of the Charge ron- ling of what relates to his granting CommifTions to fome raraandcrs of Ships, equipped as was alledgcd for the uring thefe Commiflions to fecure the Trade of the , upoa the Return of all the Men of War to £«f - 351 •■"'*■■*■■; //». The Go- vernor's Party had Dr. Stewart at their Head. The Country Party's chief Manager was Dr. Samuel Page ; Dr. Stewart was a Member of the Council, Dr. Page Clerk of the Council, but Lord Hamilton fays, fo little qualified for it, that the Members of the Council were forced to take the Minutes of itthemfelves, and neither of them was more a graduate Doc- tor of Phyfick, than the Chief Juftice, a Mafter of a Ship, and the AlBftant Judge, a Foot Soldier before mentioned, were Barrifters at Law. This I hope will put the Jamaicans on their Guard againft admitting fuch Sort of Perfons into lb ufefui and important Employments for the future. Lord Archibald Hamilton was fent Prifoner to England, bailed when he came there, and was fo fully cleared of the Charge relating to his Difference with the Aflembly about their Right as to Money Bills, that the Board cf Trado took ic on themfelves, by faying in their Report of that Matter and others, that they had recommeiided to him to tal:<: Care, that the Ccunciljhould not be denied any Right of amending Money If by adding 40 or 5"^^' >o/. to be raifed on the Sub- Ijeft, or the eafingfome Perfons in the levying it more than others, contrary to the Senl'e of the AlTcmbiy, that is there the Senle of the Nation, is to amend a Bill, let every Engllfn [Man verfed in Parliamentary Right;s judge. I do not lake the 'iniites inf^rted by his LordlTiip on this Occalion to be the Iftrongeft Part of his Vindication, but I do think if the Ja- ,wVfl People had nothing but the Sea Commijfiom ro com- 4 pla! of againft him, his Lordfhip h^d very hard Meafure from them, and there is nothing on which they iniift io I much in their Complaint, as thefe Commiflions. In Juk 1717, his Majefty was pleafed 10 appoint Nicholas ,^,7. lawes, E(qj Governor of Jamaica, and to confer on him 5)V Nicholas [jhe Honour of "" ~ "" Kni^liiiiood. )od. The People here could not A a 2 but Lawfs Gi- vcrntr. !:r ■m mm'' ' tel M ;<:.ftvii' l'-''i I'i w i'tlfl 2 r6 *7'^^ Hijlory of Jamaica. but with great Satisfadion hear their Government was given to a Planter of this Ifland, whofe Intereft was the fame with theirs. True it is The Intereft of the King and Country is in Effeft the fame, and confequently the true Intereft of every Colony Governor and the Colony he governs is in Effed the famj^ when the Governors are of the Country, as every King is, oJ is fuppofed to be. But moft of the Governors fent to the Plantations from England, to govern Places where they have not a Foot of Land, and go thither with Intention to ufe their utmoft Skill and Induftry, to raife Fortunes out of the Inhabitants of the Ifland or Provnice they govern • fuch arc apt to think their Intereft is quite difFerent from that of the Inhabitants, and that their Intereft is to get as large Appoint- ments as they can, and it is certainly the People's to keep their Money in their Pockets as much as they can. From which diftcrcnt Interefts and Views are perpetually rifing Differences between Governors and Aflemblies, Jarrings and Jealoufics, that are a perpetual Hinderance to the Profperity and Peace of the CoLUitry j as for thofe Govcrnbrs, that like the Duke of Portland at Jamaica, the Lord How at Barbados^ Ipendout of their European Stock to become popular in A., nierica, they ought no more to be fent to JVeJlIndiaG^-, vcrnments than the greedy and the griping, for their Profu- lion and Gaiety foon infc^ft the Planters, naturally fubjeft toi fuch 'Contagion j and many of them, in Imitation oftheirj Governors, run into Pleafurcs and Expcncc, very inconfiftenti with the neceflary Oeconomy and Induftry of a Planter's] Life. About the Time of Sir Nicholas T.awes's Arrival, the were three Men of War on this Station, the Diamond, th Adventure and the Ludlow Cajlle, 40 Gun Shins, and it i; to be hoped there will never be fewer, except in Cafes ol Cruize on the neighbouring Coafts and Continent. Among the many Pirates that now infcfted the Jmer'u Seas, none made himfelf more teriible than Edix:ard TmUi of Jamaica^ commonly called Blackbeurd. He was born ii this niand, where his Mother was living at SpaniJJi-Tam within thcfe two Years, and his Brother was then Captaii in the Train of Artillery : Blackbeard, a Monlter of Cruelty, was attacked by an Englijh Lieutenant of a Man of War 01 the Coaft of Virginia., he took a Glafs of Wine, and drani Damnation to them that gave or asked Quarter. He v/i killed and his Head cut off. and ftuck upon a Pole on thai Coaft. The Hijlory of Jamaica. In 1718, John Knight, J Efq; was made Secretary of this I Illand. This often is granted by Patent, and the Deputy here when the Principal is in England makes it worth 1000 /. L/r //«'?. the Principal in England farming ir fometimes for U, 7 or Hoo /, a Year. As fuch Principal Secretary has no Mtiiner of Relation to the Interefl in Jamaica but what his Farm gives him, it fccms very reafonablc that Jamaica fliould have no Manner of Relation to him. There are fo many Hawds and fo much Expence in Plantation Bufinefs, that it is Pity a Penny that is raifed by it fhould be diverted from I the Planters Ufe, for the Commodity of fuch as are in ano- Itber World. A new Hiftory of Jamaica having been publilhed at the [Time I was writing this, whofe Author arrogates to himfelf J Privilege of chaftifing all Writers that touched upon this JHiftory before, as imperfect and incorredt, I hopci to have ad great Helps from his Works, where my Memory fell fliort, jsndlhould very thankfully have received his Rebuke, had he not been himfelf fo very defedtive and incorred ^ when I had Rccourfe to his Labour for fome Affiftance in Sir Nicholas \lme5\ Government, I found only (^ or 7 Lines relating to the Hlirricane, which we fhall give an Account of in its Place, ind of which the moft remarkable Thing he fays is, the Af- fcmbly appointed the iSih of Auguji a Day of folemn Faft- \m and Humiliation to he obferved for ever. Three Years Ibcfore this Hurricane happened, War had been declared be- Itween Great-Britain and Spain. On Notification of it to Ithe Governor here, he fummoned an Aflembly, to whom he Irecommended to take Order for the Execution of martial lira;, and to take into Confideration the military State of the Ilfland. He informed them he had taken Care to repair the [Fortifications of Port- Royals and added, / think the Rock VLme and the decayed Port of Carlifle-Bay, tvorth your immedi' m Conftderation, I have addreffed to the Minijhr at Homey \r an Engineer to befent upon the Ejiablijhment^ to overjee the Works and direii where to raife new otiei. This Governor, Sir Nicholas LaweSy had befides the Publick bb large a private Interefl: in this Ifland, that it was not likely ne would gmit any Occafion of (hewing his Zeal for its ecurity and Welfare j and the Spaniards from Cuba and the continent having committed many Depredations on the lijh, he fent Captain Chamberlain,^ Commander of the inm Happy,^ to T'rinadado in Cuba, to demand Satisfadson bf the Alcades or commanding Officers of that Town, which |hey call a City. Commodore Vernon^ Commander in chief ff all his Majefty*s Ships in the TVeft- Indies^ in % Letter to the Aaj faid 357 ■' F.Jir ^''iW* ■iX-mie.i'V) ,f, r> ^'■m 358 TZ'^ Hi/lory of Jamaica. faid Alcndet^ fcnt by Mr. ^Jnftph Lawes^ Lieutenant of thel Snow Happy^ made tlv JiKc Demand of Satisfadtion.l The Governor and Lieutenant's Letters will fee this Matter! in ihe be(l: Light. Governor Lawf %M ■I Gentlemen^ * 1 JK: irequent Depredations, Robberi s, and other Ad^ ^ttttr'otht* ^^ Violence, which are daily committed on the King mv AlcaJoFu/ * Royal Matter's Subjedls, by Bandittis, who pretend to IrinadaUo. < have a Commiflion from yoa, and in Reality areflielti.,cd ' by you, is the Occalion of my fending the Bearer, Capri * Chamberlain^ Commander of his Majefly's Smw Haptn * to demand Satisfadtion for the Robberies your Pcopld * have committed on the King's ' ^jeds of this llbnd, bjl * thofc Traitors Nicholas Broivn, id Chrijlopher IVinuA * to whom you have given ProteCwion. Thefe Procccdingl * are not only a Breach of the Law of Nations, but mult appeal * to the World of a very extraordinary Nature, when confil * dcred that the Subjedls of a Prince in Amity with another! * fl^-^uld encourage fuch vile Pradices, I have had lonj * Patience, and declined ufing any violent Meafurcs td ' obtain Satisfaction, hoping the Ccfiation of Arms fo hap] ' pily concluded between our Sovereigns, would have put ' Stop to thefe Diforders ; but I find the Port of Trinadnd * a Receptacle for Villains of all Nations. ' I therefore afTure you in the King my Mafter'? >Mire * if I meet with any of your Rogues upon the Coafts of thil * Wand, they fliall be hanged without Mercy. I demani ' of you to make ample vSatisfadlion '.o Captain Chamlxrlml * for all thr l^egroes which the faid Brown and IVinter hav| * taken from thefe Iflands, fince the Sufpenfion of Arc * and that you will deliver up to the Bearer fuch EngliJhmiM * a*", are detained at Trinadada^ and that you forbear grantinj ' CommiiTions to, or fuflFer any fuch notorious Villains tl * be equipped from your Port, otherwife thofe I can mec| * with fhall be treated as Pirates/ Mr. Jofeph Lawei*s Letter was as follows L>(utt»*nt LtttiT. Gentlemen^ ' I am fent by Commodore Verj on^ Commander in CtiiJ of all his Majefty's Ships in the IV;JI- Indies^ to demand, if the King our Matter's Name, all the Veffels with their A feds, Qc. and alfo the Negroes taken from Jamaica find the Sufpenfion of Arms ; likewife all EngliJImen row da tained or otherwife remaining in your Port of Trimdm ' partic'jli Hje Hijlory of Jamaica. ^59 particularly Nicholas Brownt and Chri/lophtr PHnter^ y both of them being Traitors, Pirates and common Ene- |« mics to all Nations. And the faid Commodore hath or- I' dered me to acquaint you, that he is furprized that (he Sub- '' jedts of a Prince in Amity with another ihould give Coun- < tenance to fuch notorious Villains/ Offoftht River of Trinadado, Feb. 8. 1720. Anfwer of the AUades of Trinadadol * Capt. LaweSy * In anfwer to yours, this fcrves to acquaint you, that ri« Airad* 'neither in this City nor Port arc there any Negroes orifTrina- ' Veflels which have been taken at your Ifland of Jamaica.f^^^'/ ^'" noron that Coaft, fince the Cefll ^n of Arms ; and what " VcSisls have been taken fince th " ing in an unlawful Commerc. 01 ne have been for trad- er J and as for thefe here as the other jught voluntarily to Engitjh Fugitivri. you mentior r' ' Subjeds of our Lord the King, * our holy Catholick Church,and nave received theWater of ' Bopttfm J but if they fliould prove Rogues, and (hould not ' comply with their Duty in which they are bound at prefent, ' then they (hall be chaftifcd according to the Ordinance of * our King. And we beg you will weigh Anchor as foon as * poflible, and leave rhis Port and Its Coaft, becaufe on no ' Account you fliall bo fuffered to trade, or any Thing eife, ' for we are refolved not to adroit thereof.* ^!i f '■'•il- '■'rM 'MrM} Hull' ,4|* \i€. w ;«■■""■ . lieutenant Z<7z^^f anfwered this infolent Letter, in the Stile and Sentiments of a good EngUJhman, • * GentiiiTr^en^ ' Your refufing to deliver up the Subje«51:s of the King my Mafter is fomewhat furprizingj it being in a Time of Peace, and the detaining of them confequently againft the Law of Nations, notwithftanding your trifling Pretence, for which you have no Foundation, but to forge an Excufe to prevent my making any Inquiry into the Truth of the Fads I have alledged in my former. I muft tell you my Refolutions arc to ftay on the Coail till I have made Reprii'als, and fliould I meet any VefTels belonging to your Port, fliail not treat them as the Subjeds of the Crown of Spaing but as Pirates, finding it a Part of your Religion in this Place to protei^ J(Uch Villains. Aa4: Tq i) 'I! 'Hi; ''j'-f 'ill ": W'. M. ^%. ^•^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I »£ 1^ 12.2 •u ». I lb ■ 40 I 2.0 1-25 1 1.4 111.6 « 6" ► Hiotographic Sdences Corporation d :i>^ ^> V \\ 23 WiST MAIN STRUT WEBSTER, N.Y. USSO (716)872-4503 ^%>\^ ^^"^J^ ^.^ ^ ;\ o 360 ^je Wflory of ]2XSiz\c2i, To this one of the Alcadet anfwered. Captpin Lawes^ ' You may afllire yourfelf I will never be wanting in thel * Duty of my Poft ; the Prifonefs that are here are not inl ' the Prifon, but only kept here to be fent to the Govcrnorl * of the Havana. If you, as you fay, command at Sea J * I command afliore. If you treat the Spaniards you meet I * as Pirates, I will do the fame by every one of your People! * Jean take up. I will not be wanting in good Manncrsl * if you will do the fame. I can likewife aft the Soldierl ' if any Occafion fhould oflFer that Way, for I have veryl * good People here for that Purpofe. If you pretend any! * Thing elfe, you may 'execute it on this Coaft j' by thiswilll be feen the GblHnacy and Rodomantado Spirit of thel Jmerican Spaniards, and their Opinion of and Difpofitionl towards the Englifl) 20 Years ago j as alfo the Conduft of the Engljh towards the Spaniards, who were then com-l plaining of illicite Trade on the Part of the EngUJh ; but! it is to be noted that the Spaniards in America were alwaysl fo defirous of that Trade, that they ran as great a Risk tol have it, as the Englifl) did to bring it to them, and taught! the Englijh how to manage it. ! The Spaniards having refufed to deliver up Brown and! Ifintcr^ the Governor of Jamaica ifllied a Proclamation! againft them. The Beginning of it 1 infeic to fhew thcj Stile of fuch Pieces there which run in the King's Name. fVljcrcas fever al Treafons, Piracies and Robberies have bter\ lately committed on the High Seas, adjoining to our /aid IJIand of Jamaica, by the Subje^s of Great-Britain, and. particularlA by Nicholas Brown, and Ghriftopher Winter, late of m\ faid Ifland Mariners', and though we have ufed fuch MethodX as we thought mofi effeSiual for the taking and fupprejfitig tl)t faid Traitors, Pirates and Robbers, yet we having fuch\ A£is of Villainy, in the utmojl Abhsrrence, and for the greaterX M»cowMgem€nt of fuch Perfons of our SuhjeSis as fliall l>t\ aiilve in the apprehending the faid Nicholas Brown, aril Cbrjftopher Winter, 70 as that they or either of them maybtX h ought to Jujiice, we have thought 6t, by and with th\ Advice of our Council of our faid If and, to promife that if any Per fan fi)all difcover, or felze, cr caufe or procure to bi\ difccvered, he fhall have the Rsward following -, for the jam , Nicholas Brown $00/. of current Monfy «/' Jamaica, W| for the faid Ghriftopher Winter 50c/. of like Money, to| be paid by the Receiver-General, Fourl Tie Hijiory ^Jamaica. Four Days after the Date of this Proclamation, Sir M- Uhki Laws the Governor made the following Speech to the Aflembly, which (hews the Temper of ix>th the Go- vernor and the governed in (bme Meafure, and will let the Reader into a better Light than a barren Journal of Fa£t$, and give him an Idea of the want of a thorough Union of Sentiments and Intentions of both at this Time. 361 Mr. Speaker f and Gentlemen of the AJfemhly^ * I had font for you fooner after the late Prorc^ation of your own begetting, but that I find by Experience you are all too wife for me to think of talking you into any Thing I would have you do, though never fo apparently your In- terefl. And I willi you were all fo prudent and difcreer, as not to be talked out of what you ought to do in Jultice to your Country and Duty to his Majefty ; and that by falfe Reafoning and miftaken Politicks. I am at Length con* vinced that there are fome who would be glad to continue the old Breaches, or to fee or make Divifions amongft us, and it is not to be wondered that thofe who obftinately refufe to lerve the King and Country, will be adlive in doing Mifchief ^ but I would have thefe Gentlemen re- member, by whofe Tenure they hold their Lands, and know under whofe Influence and Prote£lion they enjoy at lead their well Being. But yoif Patriots, fuch as I hope you will appear to be, know how to govern yourfelves on fuch Oc- cafionSjand Wifdom will ever bejuftified by her Children.' Gentltmen and Brother Planters^ ' Let it fufiice that I can (ay for myfelf, that I have been I' known to your Fathers, and am not unacquainted with moft I' of you, and that my Intereft and my Pofterity ftands upon I' the fame Foundation with yours, and therefore I can have noDefigns or Views, otherwifethan what I muft be equally concerned with you in the Event. I have done all Things in my Power to fettle the prefent and future Peace and Profperity of this liland ^ and I wi(h you had all joined with me in the fame Meafures. I may be allowed to fay f what your own Journals will fay to my Honour, that I have, pointed out to you many more Particulars for the Pub- lick Welfare, Security, and Advantages of the Country, than ever any of my Predeceflbrs did. ' And now I challenge your whole Body to propofe to,' or lay before me any Thing that you in your Wifdom can defire or devife for your own Good, or the real Intereft of this lOaod, confident with my Daty and his Majefty's juft Prerogative, ;!ili-^i'i: i^ I ' ^je Hiftcry of Jamaica. I thefe Women Slaves have been (o kindly treated by their \inglijh Mafttrs, that they have brought them Children in Return for their Kindnefs to them. There lived among them 10 Years ago, ten or twenty Etiglijh Men who had Aiufcheto Wives; among whom was Luke Houghton, a Drougar Man of Jamaica, his Bulinefs to carry Sugars in a Kind of Hoy froolthe River, and Sea Coaft to the ihipping Place. Thefe Un^lijhmen live exadlly after the Manner of the Indians by filhingand hunting, and Tome cafual Traffick with the Log' i/W Cutters for Liquors and Ozinbrigs, The Logwood Cut- ters 2t both the Bays of Honduras w^ Campeachy, living the fame Manner of Life, I (hall content myfelf with an Account ■of theft in the Bay of Honduras in the Sequel. I The Mujcheto Indians had a confiderable Vidory over the manifl) Indians about 30 Years ago, and cut on^ a great iNumber of them, but gave a Ntgro who was with them his ILife, purely on Account of hisfpeaking Englijh, which (hews Ithcgood Will they bear our Nation. The Jamaicans had a IProjed of inviting them to live in their Ifland, and afligning mm certain Lands for their Subiiftence, with the Liberties wEngliJhmtn; but the Mufchetoes would not quit their Mo- \tjfis, nor their Manners every whit as filthy, though they Ikrm with Sockeys or Priefts who are Conjurers, and live iDore lazily and get more plentifully than other People, which |i cunning Morooner, (o the Englijh are called that live among 3, obferving) he turned Bockey or Prieft, and foon became great Vogue among them. About the Year 1720, pur- aDt to the Ad of Airembly, 200 of them were invited to \maxca to their Aflillance againft the rebellious Negroes, iwere fehttotranfportthem, and being arrived in that nd, they were formed into Companies under their own )ificers, and were paid 40 s. a Month with Shoes, (laid in the Idand feveral Months, and did very good ivice, for which they were well rewarded, and returned to arMarflieswell picafed. When they were out in Search the runaway Negroes with white Men for their Guides, ne of the Jamaicans ihot a wild Hog, which much dif- afed the Mufchetoes, who faid, ' That was not the Way Itofurprize the Negroes, for if there were any within hear- ing of the Gun, they would immediately fly, and they ihould not be able to take any of them, and if they wanted any Provifions they would kill fome with their Lances or I Bows and Arrows which made no Noife.* They are ex- infite Hunters and Fifhers, and no People are fo expert at Icing Fifli as they are, infomuch that tbey look upon it as :greateft ill Luck if they mifs a Filh when they have a fair Stroke 367 '''''*i".V :h,!1" t ■mm] 368 Duh of Purciatiil Governor, C*l. Dubour gay Lieute- nant Guvet' nor* The HiJIory of Jamaica. Stroke at it ; and in fuch Cafe they are wont to rally him who I milt by faying, Brother your Hand is crooked^ fomebody hai \ lain with your JVifi, Few of the 'Jamaica Sloops go to Sea without one of thefe Mufcheto Men, to whom they give good Wages and treat them in the friendlieft Manner, the Com- manders maice them their Companions, and call them Bn. iher. The Governor of the Ifland has a particular Article in L his Inflrudions to (hew Kindnefs to them, and aflure them of I his Protedion. As often as a new Governor comes, their [ King or fome of their Chieft go up to comphment him on his Accedion to the Government, and he kindly entertains ihem and fends them away with Prefents. We fee by a Speech made by Sir Nicholas Lawes^ that this! Governor's being a Jamaica Man and a Planter, did nocl fuppre(s the Spirit of Oppofition, nor reconcile the AfTemblyl to his Adminiftration, fo far as to prevent thofe DifFerencesI and Difcontents which Subordination is apt to create in thel Minds of the proud and envious. But I do not underftandl that the Difcontents occafioned the Removal of Sir Nichoh Lowes from the Government, which was given to the Dukel of Portland, a Nobleman of fine Accompliihments, bocb| of Perfon and Mind. The Aflembly here were in as ill Temper with ihcirl Neighbour of St. Dorothy*s Parifh, which they excluded froni| the Right of eleifling Members, but my Information reached not fo far as the Caufe of the Offence that was taken. When his Majeily appointed the Duke of Portland Go-| vernor of Jamaica, Col. Dubourgay was made Lieutenant . Governor, to be AfHftant to his Grace in the Difcharge o^ fb weighty a Trult. The Duke and Dutchefs of Portland made fome (hort Stay at the Ifland of Barbados, where theyl were magnificently received and entertained, and arrived heref with their Family and Retinue the 22d of December, 1722J Their Graces were received here alfo with all imaginablq Pomp and Splendor -, the Charadter of this Lord having cnJ deared him to the Inhabitants, by the Report of him befora his Arrival, it being the Reverfe of that of ChriJiophtA Monk Duke of Albemarle, who excepting his Title had noj thing noble in his Compolition to gain him either Affedtioif or Efteem. The AfTembly voted his Grace a double Salarj to what any of their Governors had before, no lefs thiii{ 5000/. a Year, which tho* the Duke of Portland migh merit by his good Qualities, yet they could not afibrd togivJ without burthening therofelves too much. V/ljkt follows arj the Words of one on the Spot. Utv\ The Uifiory of Jamaica* 3 69 .V/V/f did a GoVirner recommend himftlf more^ or keptfuch t hand/em Courtj he was remarkably ctvily of eafy Arctfi and tftbU to all. The Ijland grudged no '^.xpence to obl'tge him, and if any Fault could be at all found with his Government it it only this, that the Planter s^ who could not well afford fuch txtraordinary Expeneet^ fpent too prefufely^ by endeavouring tt imitate the Duke, With the Duke of Portland came Col. Duhourgay juft mentioned, an4 in the firft Speech his Grace made to the Animbly, he was picafcd to recommend him to them in thefe Word*. I am farther to fignify to you. Gentlemen, that his tdajijly has beenpUafed to appoint Col. Charles Dubourgay, a Ptr/on of great Merit and Honour , to be your Lieutenant Cover' nsr. His long and eanie/f Services in Pf^ar^and hisftncere Attach- mnt to hit Mayejiy, have prepared his (Vay to this particular Mark of the royal Favour, and I am conmandid to let you know^ Hat it it expe£fed from you that you receive him with the Ho* mr due to his Commijfton, and provide him the Support which hit Credentials will acquaint you with. The Arrival -of this I Gentleman Teemed to be unacceptable to the Colony. His Grace their Governor made a very long Speech, but the Af- iembly returned a (hort Anftver, however they doubled the Governor's Salary as is before obferved, and gave Col. Charles \ Dubourgay xooo/. to defray his Charges, and the Colonel re- lumed to England in the fame Ship that brought the Duloa indhim to Jamaica, the King/Ion Man of War. It was faid in I Letter from Jamaica that came by the King/Ion, ' The 'AflTembly thought fuch an extraordinary Magiftrate un- V neceflary, efpecially during their Governor's Refidence I* with them, and were apprehenfive of the Consequences of ' idmittine new ere£led Officers, in which they guarded well r againft future Inconveniences of the like Nature.' It is Ibnewhat extraordinary that the Agents of Jamaica, who Mbindfom Salaries to have an Eye on what concerned her llntereft, and thofe other Gentlemen to whofe Care the Affairs lof the Colonies are particularly commitciid, did not find Means Ito have this Novelty preventeid, by reprefenting it to his Ma- py in its Juft Light, which no Doubt would have prevented pDukeof Portland's putting that ungracious Paragraph in hii Speech, and Col. Dubourga/s carrying thither fo un- neceoary and difagreeable a Commiffion. On the Duke's Arrival here, Edmund Kelly, Efq; andJJj.J*^ hmtt Haywood, Efq; Members for the Parilh of St. Dorothy^ ^rtft^ pented a very dutiful Addrefs from the Freeholders there, fong):atulating and complhnenting his Grace on bis entering fipon the Government. His Grace's Aniwer to it was veiy Vol. II. Bb engaging, 'fit ■ 1 ■ -I, •fl I'V'i '( <| ;yEj;iJ*' jl 1, '.,%.■'' 370 Duk* of P.)r'land'i Aivantagt to h' made of * tie Mufcbe c toes, , Tie Hijlory of Jamaica. , engaging. * Gtntlemen, I thank you for the heartv Expreflions * of Aftc6^ion to me and my Family contained in this Ad- * drcfs. I am forry to perceive by feme Part of ir, that there « is not that Harmony between you, the Aflembly and your * Parifh, which I could wi(h. I will endeavour to make my. * fclf acquainted with the real Caufc of it. You may pro- * mife yourfelves that my Interpofition in Order to reconcile * you, and my Readincfs to do what I can to contribute to * your Eafe and Satisfaction, Oiall not be wanting.' The King of the Mufchdoes coming to pay his Duty to his Grace the Governor of Jamaica foon after his Arrival, I muft add a few Words more of their Hiftory. They are im- placable Enemies to the Spaniards, and by fudden Excurfions and Surprize do them as much Mifchief as they can j they ti'rm the murdering them hiding them, and kill them when they fall in their Way. They are not much afraid of the Litt/e Bretchts, (o they call the Spaniards, their Country being furrounded by inacceffible Mountains and Moraffes. By their Commerce with the EngUJh they have learnt a little of their Language ; they arc an inofFenfive People in thoir Carriage to all but Little Bretchts ; never forfeit theirl Word, a very great Reproach to the Englijh, who have nol where that Charadler. They have but one Wife, and havcl the higheft Veneration for the Ceremony of Marriage.! They adore the Sun, and truly the Sun has a much betterj Claim to Adoration, than the Stocks and Stones in Pofljl Idolatry. W(>en any of them die they put them into a MatJ and place them ftrait with their Faces to the Eaji. The King, fays the 'Jamaican Hiftorian, has his Commiffion free the Governor of Jamaica, and therefore at every new Go-I vernor's Arrival, they come over to know his PleafureJ During their Stay they are maintained at the publick Chargej and clothed in a very rich Drefs. When they depart the have a few trifling Prefents made them, with which they ailj extremely well fatisfied. The fame Hiflorian tells us, ' great Advantage might made of the friendly Difpofitlon of this People in Cafe ol ' a War with Spain, and it is not to be doubted but in Cafij * of a Rupture, the Government will improve fo fair * Opportunity of advancing the Intereft of the Britijh NaJ * tion* as thefe Mufchetoes border on Honduras, an have probably a Right to the Growth of Logwood, and bej (ides, are poifeHed of a Country little known to or frequenrei by Europeans. If this Account of them written in Jan\ak\ is true, the Advantage that might be made of their friendlj Difpofition to the En^Uj}) is fo obvious, that it is ainazii one hears of nu Steps taken, to procure ic. Tb] 371 7%e Hiftory of Jamaica. The King of the Mufchttott was received by hii Grace the Duke of Portland^ with that Courtefy which was narctra' to him, and with more Ceremony than fcemcd to b(. due to a Monarch, who held his Sovereignty by his ComminTion, as the Jamaica Hiftorian fays. He invited his Mufchtto Majcfty to dine with him, and that Writer informs us, Tht poor King knew not which IVay to go up Stairs ^ but jumped up Step by Stepy which doubtlefs is rather Raillery than Hif'ory. The Ki^ ufedfuch indecent Exprejftons, that the Dutchefs was thligtd to remove from Table. However^ he was difmiJTed very civilly^ and went Homo to his Subjehs proud of his tin* ttrtainment. The Adembly pad a Bill in their Se(Tion after the Duke of /'jr/Z/an^/'s Arrival, for making their Z-jt*/; p/r^//?W ; 1 have not learnt what were his Grace's Reafons for objeding to ir, but I obferve he was confirmed in them by that Opinion of tiie Miniftry in England. For in his Speech of the ift of Oaober^ 1723* his Grace tells them /;&/ fame O^y/ Silver Louis . /. SI d, 00 06 00 00 04 opi 00 q6 00 00 o5 00 00 05 lO.f 00 05 loi 00 07 oo» 00 06 00 372 I'be Hijiory of Jamaica, tLcaii, I i. d. oo 03 091- CO 06 00 00 06 10\ Crufados of Perti^al Rix Dollars of the Empirt Three Guilder Pieces of Holland Notwitbftanding a pofitive Law to afcertain the Value of Money as here mentioned, the People of Jamaica raifed their Money by agreeing to tender and receive it at 6 s. and 3 ... the Piece of ^ght. Several Merchants fent homelRepre^ fentation againlt it, and the Government was fo far from giving the leaft Countenance to the leaft Difregard of this Law, thar the Lord Carteret^ then Secretary of State, wrote to the Duke of Portland by his Majefty's Command, in a Letter dated 22 OStoher^ 1722. wherein his Lordfliip tells Kii^ tiireccs iiis uracc co uic nis ucmoir v^are to ' ice proper Remedies applied. That the Trade and Credit ' of the Ifland will be loft if the Valuation of the Coin be ^ not redified. b /V, adds his Lordfhip, a bold Attempt, * that thofe who ' advifed have undertaken it, being ex- * prefly contrary to the Ad of the 6th of Queen /inne and * your ^7th Injiru^imy which lam commanded to repeat u * ^««, Jhould beJiriiHy obeyed* The Duke of Portland reftored the Currency to the Tenure of the Ad, Wi?ich was never infringed in the Idand of Barbados^ either by Adof AiTembly or common Pra6lice of Merdbants. That the Inhabitant Af Jamaica made good Ufe of their Water- Carriage as well by River as by Sea, to convey the Growth of the Ifland to the Shipping, may be imagin( by the little Care they took of their Land Carriage j for their Roads were impradicat>le for Horfemen and Foot'| men, they muft much more be fo for Carts and Carriagi of Burthen. His Grace takes Notice of this in his Speech.| ' There is another Negled not unequal to this, the unctd* * iivated Lands, I mean that of the Roads in general, am * particularly thofe by which a Communication ihould be al * ways kept open between the great Towns. One would thiol * the Inconveniencies which their impaffable State bring u *■ the Inhabitants daily, fliould be a fufficient Motive to ri * pair them 5 but the Danger which the Publick are froi *■ thence expofed to in the Cafe of any unexpeded AlariDi * which does render it very di£ficult,^ if not always impra^ * cable, for the Forces of the ifland to join for its Defeni i will accufe and condemn you Hiould any unhappy Coi • qucDCi i7i Tbe Hiftory of Jamaica. * quences refult from it. Will it be of ^ny Avail to plead, * that the Pariflies to which thefe Roads belong were o- < bilged to keep them in a good Condition ? The late dread- » ful Hurritane has njadc the Expence too great for the < Parities, ^c* In rhe Law for Highways and Roads, I meet with fome few Paflages that will give a little Infight into the Parifli Geography of this Ifland. * The Path or Road now ufed ' from the Orange River Plantations in the Parifli of St, , < Marfs^ into the Plantation late of Andrew Holloway at [ ' WagwaUr^ and fo into the Parifli of St. Andrext/s^ fliall * be a publick Road or King's Highway, between the two I ' Parifhes of St. Marfs and St. Andrev/s. The Path or I ' Road from Annotta River Bay, to the Parifli of St. George's ( leading towards St. Andrew*s^ fliall by its neareft Courfe fall « into the Path coming from the faid Orange Plantation^ [ < this to be the Highway between the Pariflies of St. George's « and St. Andrew's^ The Surveyors of St. Mary's Parifli I* to mend the Road from the Orange River, to the Field at » the Foot of the Hill at tittle Tom*s River j and St. George's I' Parifli to clear the Road from Annotta Bay to the faid « Place: The Parifli of St. Andrew's to clear the Ford and y Road from thence to Holloway's Plantation.* Having taken this Paflage out of the Laws of Jamaica^ IS it helps to defcribe the Country, I fliall refer to the Laws themfelves for other Matters, and only mention the Endow- A//n(/?«r'< mentstoMiniftersbyit. <■ ^" — Income* Port Royal to pay to the Miniftcr, St. Catharine's St. 'Thomas's St. Andrew's St. John's. - 250/. pir Annum, 300 200 200 200 All the other Pariflies 150/. per Ann. very moderate Al- owances coniidering the Dearnefs of all Neceflaries, but hen Perquilites are very coniiderable, and it is amazing that I) a Place where there was fuch a flaming Zeal in feveral ^(Temblies for maintaining all Rites of the Church of hgland in Matter of Worfliip, there has been fuch an Daccountable Careleflhefs in the Million of their Miniftry, who for the moft Part have been very unworthy of the uharafter they went with j of which I have had fo much knowledge With Refped to this and other Colonies, that very often regret the fruitlcfs Pains and Expence fuch veil defigning Perfoos have been at, to propagate the Cor* B b 3 pel ;ii #''if 'Mi mm ■ti J74 ^^ Wjlory of Jamaica. pel in thefc Parts. This pious Work has been carried on many Years, (and how the Cafe ftands in Jamaica^ and fuch has been the Cafe ever fince it was reckoned Part of an En- gVtJh Diocefe) • fee by the Account the Author of the i^eiu Hijiory of Jamaica gives of ir, p. 303. ' The Clergy here * arc of a Character fo vile, that I do not care to mention * it } for, except a few, they arc generally the moft finiihcd ' of all Debauchees. Meffieurs Gulpin^ 'Johnjion^ and Ma-j I * are indeed Men, whofe unblemiihed Lives dignify the Cha- * radker they bear. They generally preach either in their ' own Churches, or to a few in fome private Houfes every * Sunday^ but for others their Church Doors are feldoml I opened.' His Grace the Duke of Portland continued in this Go-I vernment to his Death, about four Years reckoning from the) Date of his Commiffion, and about three Years and a half, reckoning from the Day of his Arrival to that of his Death.! His Adrniniftration was the moft eafy to the Governor and! Governed, that had been yet known in this Ifland, wherel Admiral Hofter arrived with a Squadron of Men of War, to| fecure the Britijh Commerce in thefe Seas, and demand Sa- tisfadtion of the Spaniards for the frequent Inlults and Loflesl the Eiiglijh had fufFered by them in their Navigation andl Trade, particularly their detaining the South Sea Company'^ J^rge Ship the Royal George at Porto-Bello. As foon as the Admiral came before the Place, the Governor fent to know what he wanted ; he anfwered the Royal George^ which wa immediately difcharged ; but the Admiral flill lying off the Place,, the Governor fent again, defiring him to be gone) who anfwered, he Jhould /lay till farther Orders^ and ordered a Man of War to lie within Reach of the Guns at ParM Bello. There was at that Time 24 Millions of Pieces ol Eight, ready in that Place to be fhipped aboard the Galiecnj for Spainy which was removed up into the Country on th Appearance of the Englifh Men of War. It is well knownJ that that Treafure was intended to have enabled the Spanmii to anfwer their Stipulations for large Subfidies to feveral Powj crs of Europe^ for^raifing a new War, particularly againlf England, and the interrupting the Conveyance of fo mudj 'treafure, as alfo 16 Millions of Pieces of Eight, in thj whole near 40 Millions, then (hipped and to be fhipped aboatij the Galleons and ^lata, none of which came to Spain Time to anfwer that Occafion, was the only Caufe of preventi ing that War, which probably would foon have extended intJ a general one by Sea and by Land. That Service was furelj owing to the ftationing the Britijh Squadron at the BajUmtnA 375 The Hifiory of. Jamaica. off of Porto-Bello ; a fickly Station it is true, and fo is the Sicuation of Porto-Bello j infomuch that the Spaniards who trade there, refide in it only in the Fdf/>Time, about fix Weeks once in two or three Years, accordingas the Galleons arrive with Goods from Old Spain, This Fair happens always in the tnoft unhn? Seafons, but Traders do not then avoid the Place becaui u is fickly; zx\(\\i the Spaniards i think fit to bring their Treafure there, the Englijh will never forbear feekingit in Time of War, becaufe the Air isnotfo wholefom as were to be wiflied. Extremity of Air and Change of Air will always afFedt Conftitutions, but I never met with an Inftance that a Nation at War with another, fuffcred an Enemy to gather Strength in a Country, becaufe I the Air of it was incommodious. If it is (b for the one, it is for the other, and War on both Sides muft alike ftand all Chances. The Spaniards do not think their being feafoned I in America is a Protedion to them, for thofe Merchants who j come hither to trade and do carry on the chief Trade, ftay no longer than the Fair lafts, and when it is over haften back to I'may Panama^ and other Places. His Grace the Duke of Portland was taken ill of a Fever Death «/ I the 29th of June^ which carried him off the 4th of July <*« ^"^^ "/ i6. A Paragraph of a Letter from Jamaica on that Oc- ^°"**"^; Icaiion will beft fliew the Senfe of the Inhabitants under fo greataLofs. ' A melancholy and univerfal Misfortune has ' befallen us here, which has thrown us into the utmofl; Grief r and Confufion. My Lord Duke of Portland is dead! ' This may be remote and unaffeding to you at a Diftanceof ' almoft half the Globe, but it is impoffible for us who \ lived under his mild Government, and participated of the y Gcntlenefs of his Nature, the Complacency of his Tem- * per, the Refinement of his Manners, the Generofity of his * Livine, the Tranquillity, Lenity and Equity of his delight- ' ful Adminiftration, not to be forcibly touched and grie- * voufly afflidted, (^c* All the Gentlemea of Jamaica Iwent iato deep Mourning, and three Members of the Coun- cil, by Order of the 'Board, waited upon her Grace the [Dutchefs of Portland with the following Mieflage, May it pleafe your Grace, We are direHed by the honourable the Prejident and Coun-TheCetmck h'll to wait t^on your Grace, to condole with you upon the late*^**^t'^ mhappy Occajion, and to ajjure your Grace, that as we have Y Viryfenftble Share in the Lofs, fo likewife in the AffliSiion. I 'the Council, may it pleafe your Grace, will do every Thing \in their Powtr that may contribute to your ^afe, they are in- B b 4 forrmd Mi i' t.f*'' ll 'S\ W ."^K mm '■■J 15' "!'-'. 37$ 7^^ Hiflory of Jamaica. formed of your Graces Intentions of quitting fpeedily this I/land, and as there is no Ship of tPar in Harbour to convoy your Grace through thsje Seas, they have refohed to fit out a Vejfelfor that Service j and where they can he farther ufeful to I your Grace f they will readily embrace the Opportunity, and up- on every Occafton endeavour to Jhew their Gratitude, and the \ Value and Regard they have for your Grocers Perfon and Chw raSier. . Her Grace exprcfTed ber Thanks in Terms fuitablc to the I Civility, Rcfpcd, and AfFe£tion, to the Council's Addrefs. John Af f- The Government of Jamaica devolved of Courfe on the I cough, £/Vj Prefident of the Council John Ayfcough, Eiq; a windward Qovtrnor. planter of fair Charader and Fortune. About 7 Weeks after the Duke of Portland's Death, the Dutchefs Dowager with her three Daughters and the Corpfe of her late Confort, failed from Jamaica^ Auguji ai, on Board the Efftx, Capt Henry Geering^ and met with very bad Weather, infomuch that the Ship loft her main and mizen Mafts : However, ijie arrived off Dover the 14th of O£iober, landed there, and the next Day came fafe with her Grace's three Daughters to London^ and two Days after received Compliments of Con- ddence from his Majefty, and their Royal HighnefTes the| Prince and Princefs Of IVales. General The Prefidcnt Mr. Ayfcough held the Government till the I f?,!-*!' ^''Arrival of Major General Hunter, who had been Governor of New-York and Virginia^ and was much better acquainted with the Affairs of the Continent Colonies, than thofe of the Sugar Iflands. He laid an Embargp on all Shipping;] which, fays the Jamaica Hiftorian, proved of infinite Dijad- vantage to the IJland. No Doubt that Embargo was in the! Governor's Innrudlions, and then the Blame lies on thofe by wbo(e Advice it had a Place there, for this Gentleman was of him felf well intentioned. Several neceilary Laws were made for fuppreffing the rebellious Negroes, and as it was then feared that the Ifland abounded with Papifis in Difguife, the AHembly pafb an AH, oUigiog all, from ftxteen to fixtjA CO abjure the Church of Rome. General Hunter was a very hearty Proteftant, of Revolution Principles, a great Enemy to Popery and Prieftcraft; he promoted this Bm by his Party in the A(Iembly, where tootnany warmly oppofed it, byj which Heats were fomented, but the Governor's Party pre- vailed. He died in the Year 1734, and the Government a- gain devolved on Jobr^ Ayfcough, Efq; in which Year a Rc«| inforcement of (ix independent Companies were fent to Jmaifa tp ad againft the Negro Rebels. The Rebellion of Vtrtf\>r, fhe Hi/lory of Jamaica. fo| 377 s now become fo) formidable, that it required the whole Strength of the Ifland to reduce them. TheExercife f civil Law was fufpended, and the martial law took Place, feveral Parties of Militia and regular Forces were fent againft thofe Rebels. Capt. Stoddart with one of thctn attacked their Town Nauny in the Blue Mountains. He had carried with him three fmall Field Pieces, and made his Approaches with great Caution and without the leaft Noife, he reached the Foot of the Mountain a little before Night, and when it was dark fcaled the narrow Paflage, and with very great Difficulty got up his Fif^ld Pieces, and mounted them on an Eminence, from whence he played on the Negro Town with Musket-Ball, which killed and wounded a great Number of the Rebels who offered to make Defence. In fine, he obtained a complete Vidory here, the N^roes took to Flight. He flew many more of their Number in the Rout, deraoliflied their Town, deftroyed their Provifions, and did them more Hurt than had been done them in 20 years before, with little or no Lofs of his Party. The Rebels were alfo hard prefled in other Parts of the I Ifland. They prcfumed at Bagnels to attack a large Party ^,<;i^,v,„,-^ commanded by Col. Edward Charlton., and Capt. Ivy,w!th the nc whofe Men had not kept enough to clofe Order, of which «''<'^«*«^*' the Rebels having quick Intelligence, they laid an Ambufcade to intercept them as they ftraggled, and when the Officers were at Dinner, and few of the Party near, they rufhed out and attacked the Hut where they were. Several Pieces were difcharged which killed a few, but the firing had this good Efftft, that it alarmed thofe of the Party that were neareft, who immediately took to their Arms, and came up in Time tofave the Lives of their Officers. The* Negroes fled, but the Purfuit by the EngUJb was very faint, and the latter loft [Sight of the Runaways. The EngDfii not knowing whither jthry ran, the Plantations neareft the Mountain were terri- Jarmcd, and tho* Spanijh Town was above 30 Miles from Ithence, yet News came about one a Clock in the Morning, tbat the N^roes had efcaped Col, Charlton's and Capt. Ivy*s * [Party and were coming that Way. Mr. Ayfcough the Prefi- Ident immediately ordered the Trumpets to found and the iDrums to beat, aiid before fix a frefli Party of Foot, with a iTroop of Horfe, were ready to fupport the former under Ithe Command of more experienced Officers. In two Days Idiey came up to a Place, where by the Fires which remained pextinguiihed, they knew the Negroes had lodged the jNight before, and having followed the Track got Sight of ' em ibop after, Capt. Edmunds difpofed of his Men for an Pip .m. i- ' ^ r:r%l i • V-, }. ''i 378 The Hijiory of j2Lm2i\cz,^ an Engagement, but the Rebels had not Courage to venture! a Battle, they difperfed and fled feveral Ways, however al good niany were killed and more taken, which fo dilheartJ ened them and broke their Strength, that they never ap. pea red in any confiderable Body afterwards. I About this Time Port Jntonio on the North Side of Ja\ maica was ordered to be fortified, and Score-houfes eredled there! for the Uk of the Ships of War. A little Ifland lies fo near it [ that a Man of War's Yards touch the Branches of the Trees | on the two Sides of the Harbour's Mouth, which when entered! h very fafe, and capacious enough to receive a confiderable! Fleet. Admiral Stewart^ who commanded a Squadron then! there, faw this Work in good Forwardnefs, and it will be! of infinite Advantage to the BritiJI) Commerce in thofe Partj ! if it can be perfected and maintained j but thci Air is unJ healthy, tho' to clear it the Admiral had ordered the Trecsl m Navy Kland to be burnt. The Defign was good and wdJ profecuted, but there was no guarding againft the Malignity! of the Air ; however, there is a Company of Soldiers at! this Time in Garrifon, Part of which was under Capt. New- tern in the Porto-Bello Expedition, and they would fain havcl been in that of Chagre^ but the Jamaicans abofolutely rc-l fufed to let them go, alledging that as they paid them Sub.| fiftencc Money, they ftiould* remain there for the Defence of the Ifland. Not far from this Place, a fmall Town wasl lately begun to be built called Tjchfield, from a Manor in| Hampjbire belonging to the Dutch efs of Portland. It is well known that the Heat of the Sugar Colony Cli^ mates, has an Influence on the Spirits of the People, which are foon enflamed, and therefore great Caution fliould be ufed in Company tb keep every Thing calm and cool ; but! the Heat is general, and confequently when it b^ins to kindlej there are more ready to catch than to extinguifli. This hap pened in the Cafe of Mr. Stevens a Merchant at Kkgpn\ iand Mr. Vale a Barrifter at Law. Mr. Stevens having fpoken offenfivcly to or of Mr. Vale^ fome Gentlemen were fol weak and indeed fo wicked, as to incenfe them, and blow tha heated P'cwcl into a Flame. ' Mr. Falemttm^ Mr. StevaiA one Morning at the Coflee-houfe, beat him with a fmald Stick j the Standers by let them grapple in Wrath, and Mr.| Stevens falling with his Head upon a Stone fradiured his Skulll and he died foon after. 'Tis certain Vale knew nothing of] a Stone nor intended a Erasure, but intending Harm ioStt vens^ the Law interpreted it Murder; Vale was tried, and tho' he pleaded his own Caufe with great Reafon and Viva«| city, and tho' the Jury was fliut up two Days before the agri 379 7^e Hijiory of Jamaica. I jgreed on a Verdid, yet in the End they brought in VaU guilty, and he was condemned to be hanged ^ and tho' the CaTe does not appear to have more aggravating Circum* ^ces than are here mentioned, Fale^ defpairing of Merqr, cut bis Throat the Night before the Day appointed for liis I Execution. Soon after the Prefident died, John Gregory^ Efq;JohnGre- Iwho had been Chief Juftice fucceeded him in the Govern- ^^y* ^/f* ocnt, in vi/hichhe continued till the Arrival of Henry Cm- "*"''^* \mghamy Efqj whom his Majefty had appointed Governor Henry Caa- Ul Jamaica, a Gentleman of great Parts and Worth, of aninghawt I found Judgment and happy Temper. He had great Know-^** ^'^''' re of the Britijh Conftitution, and was zealous in the I Support of it in and out of Parliament, of which he had al- moft always been a Member ever fince the Union, See what I ihe Jamaica Hiftorian writes of him, * Tho' Governor, he never loft the Aflfabilicy of a privafe Gentleman. Never I ' was one more beloved or careded with more Juftnefs, he 'knew the Bledings of Liberty, and had he lived, would ' have redrefled many Grievances under which the Poor la- ' boured. It was his Fault to begin too foon to cure the In« hfolence of the Planters, and a Difference with one of the p moft confiderable of them haftened his Death.' The Au- thor does not explain whether it was to accommodate or pro- fecute this Difference; but other Accounts fay. The Go'Uhx)^/^^ ?ernor was at an Entertainment with fome of the principal Perfonsof the Place, and that there was fuch an Abundance of good Wine as well as good Humour, that Mr. Cunning- \hm foon felt the Efieds of it in a violent Fever in a few {Days, if not Hours, about fix Weeks after his Arrival. Upon his Death, John Gregory, Efqj Prefident of the I Council, refumed the Government, and about that Time died James Hay, Efqj Chief Juftice, of a Character {o di^rent from that of the Chief Juftice fpoken of in Lord \}{amilton\ Time, that whatever Impurities the Judgment Seat might then be defiled with, this Gentleman's Condu •'•iU'rv IIIV' . . '^ ! 4,1' •!':,"''■ 'I: " ^^'^- ■li^ 380 T}je Hijlory of Jamaica. J73«- Jamaica Author writes, ' The War between Great- Britain] * and Spain was an Event long wished for by all good Briton \ * and particularly by the People of this Ifland, who wanted ' nothing more than to be left at Liberty to revenge the * Cruelties and Depredations they have fo long fuffered from * the infulting Spaniards, thro' the great Lenity and Forbear- * ance of the Gentlemen at the Helm of Affeirs in Greau * Britain^ who at length appear roufed out of the Lcthargyl * their Enemies attributed to them, to avenge the Infults of- '• fered, not only to the Subjects of the Crown of Grm- * Britain^ by an Enemy not confiderable enough to appear I * in Sight of the Flag they have long defied.* ' Upon Mr. Trelawnefs Arrival, he was honourably re- ceived by the Council and Gentlemen of the Ifland. Thel Affembly allowed him the fame Salary which any of thcirl former Governors had, except the Duke of Portland^ whichl doubtlefs will never be brought into Precedent. The firftl A6t of his Adminiftration was to put the Ifland into a betterl Pofture of Defence, than it had been for fome Years before.! He ordered the feveral Forts to be viewed, and took effeduail Care that fuch Repairs as were neceflary (hould be inftantlyl fft .'J.bout : He appointed Officers of Experience and Refo-I liition to command the Militia^ by whom they were better! trjiined in Arms than ever they had been before j and it is toj be noted, that the Colony Militia, whether Creolians or Eu\ ropeans^ are better exercifed and regulated than our EngM Train Bands ever were fince Cromwell's Time. Governorl Trelawney's next Care was to reduce the rebellious NegroesJ who for 50 Years paft had put the Colony to a great ExpenceJ as well of Blood as Treafure, and tho* the Rebels were freJ quently very much diftrelTed, -yet they found Means to mainJ lain themfelves in their almofl inacceffible FaftncHes. The Ifland was in Arms nine Months together in 17^^,] and 173d to guard againft them, but yet they little prevaile towards clearing the Country, and none would cultivate Land nor fettle near the Place where they netted, and thof^ Lands that had JDeen cultivated and fettled were defertedj which Lands were fome of the moft fertile in the IflandJ but being now overgrown with Woods and Shrubs were Shelter for the Runaways. The Governor taking into Con-I iideration the Damage, Diflrefs and Terror occafioned bj| them, and the ill Succefe of all Attempts hitherto to rcduc llitgroafub' them by Force, he refolved to put milder Methods in Prac-I tice, and by Offers of Pardon and Security he brought tl to fuch reafonable Temper, that they laid down their Arr and all to a Man chearfully fubmitted. fiy the Articles ofj Surrende pithtlHous nut. lie Hiflcry of J^m^lcR, 381 ISurtender they arc allowed a Cliief to govern thera, but he |y todo nothing without the Confent of the Governor of Ifland, And Tcveral white Altn live among them to ob- jjfve their Ac..-..'.s. As foon as the Governor of Jamaica was autborifed from Home to grant Letters of Mar§ue and Reprifaly for Satt(^ liftion of the Injuries done the Engiyh by the Spaniards^ lie gied out fuch Letters, aivl immediately the Merchants and Planters fitted out many Privateers, which brought feveral nod Prices to this Ifland ; one of the Privateers landed a |e\v Men on Cuba^ took a Town and plundered it, before the jirrival of Admiral ^. ''hu^t e Rooi;. win fcarc from thcfc Ciii cs ; fome of the Ir : Time of the Fal the North Side s read and mentic Damage the Britii )pportunity that wj intain that Ijllmn f that could oppoll again to determin^ Power, fuch a Situ Empire, Whateve ted in Europe againi ace for it. Panami 3 has a commodioii , it is narrow at ill Bottom of it is th -ialfmoon. Itiilor ;reets befides Lanei 3ut the Middle of it| s open to the Coun nama Road, there ;h bring hia Treafur :o Panama "would ' r it: TheEaftSid ibutes to the Unbead ij where our £nm ick up thisHarbouJ »t, muft needs pirtj (urs, which the ffl im the fwampy an [leaves it bare a gre lis filthy andftinkin as in America t whc e can be no Healtlj iglijh have as good! Spaniards who con in no Condition lainft Europeans, Vfb hand, that this Toi 1« Fort on the Nd 100 Guns, GM X fhe Hi/lory of Jamaica. igjjlt on the South Side of the Harbour with t20 Guns, z Mile from the Iron Fort, and Fort Hieronymo with 20 Guns. iMf. 7r//<»tt/w/v Governor of Jamaica was very forward and Ljgent in givmg Admiral ^tmon all the AiTillance for his lEnterpriie that the liland could aftbrd, in which the Inhabi- liantf bore a proportionable Part. The Admiral (liipped 200 |Men '^rily at that I (land, which ihews he could lay no Scheme llbr keeping it' he ihould conquer it, nor for extending his Iconquclt* ut that Time. He (ailed from Port- Royal Har- Ibour the 5th of November 1739, with the Allowing Ships. The Burford, Adrtiiral Vernon. The llimpton-Court, Captain Browm The Norwich, Captain Herbert. The Worcejier, Captain Main. The Princefs Louifa, Captain Waterhoufe. The Stafford, Captain 'Trevor. Two feventy Guns, three fixty Guns, one fifty Guns. On the loth of November, the Englijh took a Sloop from tarthagena bound for Perto-Bello, a happy Accident, for one of Admiral Vernon*^ Pilots were acquainted with the ift Weft ward of Chagre. Near Porto- Bella they came in |Sigbt of 4 Sail of Spani/h Ships bound thither, but they got Dto Port, and alarmed the People before the Englijh could ne up with them. The Spaniards put on their befl Airs, I none have better if Rhodomontade is good for any Thing, i hoiAed a Flag of Defiance. Captain Brown in the Hampton-Court viis the firft who ganthe Attack, which he continued with great Courage Conduft. The Wind falling away, he was obliged to op Anchor near the Fort, from whence the Spaniards fired jfcry bri&kly, and he received their Fire with Firmnefs and ut little Lofi. at but about a Cable's Length Diilance, and ow briskly he returned it may be imagined, by his firing ovc 4.00 Shot againft the Fort in a few Minutes Time. The ^muicb came up next, and met with the like warm Re- ption, and returned the Fire of the Spaniards fo well, that I gave a Check to their firft Fury, infomuch that they made ot one Fire to Captain Herbert's three. The WorxJUr aptain Main got up in lets than half an Hour, and anchoring ar the other two, did a great deal of Damage to the Fort, ating down the higher Part of it, and driving che Spaniards m ineir Guns. The Admiral's Ship came up foon after l|ith the Blue Flag at her Foretopmail-Head, and the bloody [lag at the Mainmaft-Head j the Admiral ordered the An- chor 38; •v ti-i V' M.,i m laktn. 3^4 '^be Hi/hry of Jamaica. chor to be dropt within half a Cable's Length of the Caflle notwichtlanding they had difcharged but very few Guns for* ibme Minutes before j yet as if their mighty Spirits highly difdained to fee the Engiifi) Flag waving as it were over tliciil Walls, they welcomed it with a terrible Volley which did Httle Execution. One Shot (Iruck away, the Stern of th* Barge, another broke a large Gun on the upptfr Deck i third went thro* the Foretopmaft, and the fourth thro' thl " Arning, within two Inches of the Mainmaft, and beat dov :j the Barricado of the Quarter Deck very near the Aaniirarj Perfon, killing three Men and wounding fivcj but tliisbriik Fire wa^ fo briskly returned, that it abated of their Hear] and they did little or no Damage wi^h it afterwards, contentinil themfelves with a few random Shot.* The Fire of the fmall Arms foon commanded the Enemy's lower Battery and drovJ away the Spaniards y which gave the En^lijh the Opporl portunity of landing. As the Boats came near the Admirai'I Shi|;^ he called to them to go afliore dirctfily under the Waii] of the Fort, though there was no Breaches made, which threw the Enemy into fuch Confternation, that the Office^ ai Porto- Bdlo Soldiers who had dood at the lower Battery fled to the upi per, and put out a Flag of Capitulation, which the Admiraf anfwered with a like, but it was with the greateli DiHicult] he could reftraitKhis own and the Staff»rd*s Men from firing In the mean Time the Soldiers and Seamen that were landi J climbed the Walls of the lower Battery in this Manner. Oni Man fet himfelf clofe under an Emhffury while anoth^ climbed upon his Shoulders and entered: under the Mouti of a great Gun ^ all tl; Boats Crews were in the Platforn in three Minutes afici their landing, they immediately ftnicj the Spanijh Flag of Defiance', and hoifted the Flag of Eni lani'y fpme Spani/h Ofiicers and Soldiers (hue themfelves i in a ftrong Lodgment, but Lieutenant Broderick of Jamaic\ firing a Gun or two through the Door, they opened it u yielded themfelves Prifooers, five Officers and thirty 6v| Soldiers all that were left of 300, the reft being killef or wounded. Thus was the Irsn-Fort taken by five Engj^ Men of War only, and the Spaniards y w'lo were once a ■ like Nation, muft be fMtok into the moil di:^.:ar'iiy Spirit, abandon fo eafily the Defience of a > . r, . i their (ailants would have defended a long Time againit all thenar Power of Spain, Let the EngUJh Reader be iurprifed at 1 glorious Adion of his Countrymen, but call to Mind l^ravery and Fortune of the bokl and adventurous Mwi t'> O' 70 Years before that, who marched but with 120 'Mv^; tiom Cii^u§re to Pmiama^ attacked and took that gre I a In iBlunc ica. fngth of the CaflleJ very few Guns for lighty Spirit!, highly iS it were over their ! Volley which did r. the Stern of th« the uppdr Deck, , he fourth thro' thi naft, and beat dov: r near the Aanurali 5 five; but tliisbrisli )ated of their HcarJ tcrwards, concentind he Fire of the fttiall rer Battery and drovJ Englijh the OppoN le near the Admirarl e£^ly under the Wail| IS made, which rhrev lat the Officer ai ttery fled to the up| , which the Admira hegreateli DifTicultj d*i Men from (irlng nen that were Undf 1 n this Manner. On| ^tjfur, while anotbe id under the Mou^ /ere in the Platforn y immediately ftrucl ed the Flag of En( rs ihuc themfelvcs i Iroderick of Jamaicl^ , they opened it leers and thirty fiv| the reft being kil taken by five Ei^li^ yvVo were once a" AL ikiimii'i Spirit, it, . - i their a Die againit all thenayj der be iurprifed at ' but call to Mind adventurous M^i "ched but with 120 ;d and took that gie Cit 77jt' Hiftory of Jamaiea. City, thcf^ asbij^ as Bri/fol and kept it feveral MtJOths, and with a Recruit of Ai many fuch iVen n^ore, would doubtlefs have driven the Spaniards into the S^uth 5/<7, or maftered all their Mines. There are Britons ftiil who haVe as good Hearts and as good Hands, and as pood Heads too, if ihcy had as good Encouragement. Glorir/ '^ a/ill and Fort Hieroriymiy continued firing afceV ths Iron tort had given it over, buf tnoft of their Shot fell fhort or flew over the Rigging. The Admiral tried (( iie of his lower Tire againft theie Forts, \M that \ 1 p being new Guns anfwcred beyond Expedladon, carrying over Gi na- CaJiU into the Town, none of the Shot falling rtiort, ami ODC of them went thro' the Governor's Houfe, anH others thro' feveral Houfes in the Town. The next Morm » the Admiral 'vcnt board the Hampton-Court^ to confult vith Capcair P n \\\A the other Captains, about warping Jic Ship up the next Night in Order to attack Ghrta-Cajlle^ but "as prevented by the Enemy's putting up a white Flag^ and 'nding a iJoat with a Flag of Truce to the Admiral, with the jvcrnor's Adjutant and the Lieutenant of a Man of War, who bro"gfiC Conditions figned on which they would fur- render. Admiral Vermn oigefted thcfe Conditions as he thought fit, and fent Captain Newton^ who commanded the! Jamaica Soldiers, with them to the Governor, who accepted of them, and the Forts and Towns were delivered to the I Inglijh with all the Shipping in !ic Harbour. Dr. JValJh the UmtbSta Company's Fa I' ■ ■flfilHlMl* ''^:te. *i J 9^ He Hijlory of Jama\ca. w:^s a very large Church with a Miaifter, who had an Allow arxce of 250 /. a Year by Adt o^ the Aflcmbly, to which this Parifli fends three Members. This Town, as has been laid, was dcftroyed by an Earth* I quake in the Year 1692, and ten Years after, when it was I rebuilt by a Fire. Upon which the Afletnbly voted that it ihoiUd not be builc again, but that the Inhabitants Hiould re- move to Kingjion in St. Andrew's Parifh, which was made a] Town and Parifti of itfclf. They alfo prohibited any Mar- ket for the future at Port Royal^ but the Convenience that invited the People to build there firlt, will it is probable ia Time tempt them to rebuild, and make them forget the terrible Judgments which feem to forbid any future dwelling ov^ ^, Place that Heaven dooms to Deftrudion. Next to it is] St. Andrew's Pariih ; in which ftood the Town of Kin^. fion on the Harbour of Vort Royal^ but now that Place is I oaadea Pari(hof itfelf. This Precin£t fends two Reprefen- tatives to ihp AHembly, and allows the Minifter 100/. a 1 Year. Parilli of Kingfton^ to which, by an Aft of the Aflemblyl in the Year 1695, the Qiiarter Seflions for the Peace and! Court of Common Pleas were removed. The Secretary,! Receiver General and Kaval Officer, were obliged to keep! their Offices there ; and it had the Privilege of fending threal Jleprefentatives to the Aflembly. It is much encreafed fmce| Port Royal was burnt, and is now a large Town of 7 or 80c Houfes. It lies on the Harbour of Fort Royal, the Parill i^ bounded by it to the South Weft, and North by the Landal of the late Sir IVilUam Beejion^ and continued from a CalaJ lt)Jl(h on the North Eaft Corner by a ftrait Line to the Foot] jof the long Mountain, and fi:om thence till it meets with tho ^unds of the Parifh of Port Royal. St. Katherine^s Parifh, in which is the little Town of PaJ^ /age Fort, fituatedat the Mouth of the River that runs up to ^t. J ago fix Miles from that Town, and as many from Por% Royal There are about 200 Houfes in the Town, which ivas built chiefly for the Entertainment of PafTengers froo Port Royal to St. J ago. There's a Fort mounted with 10 oi J 2 Qiips for the Security of that R'ver. 'Twas calle Pajagey from Paffagc- Boats coming always thither to lad fuch as went from one Town to the other. This Precinc fends three Reprefentaiives to the AfTembly, and allows th^ Minifter 100/. a Year. There's a River in this Parifh caile Black River, over which is a Bridge. Six Miles up in M jpQuntry is tb^ Parifh of Si The Hiflory of Jamaica. St. John\ one of the mod pleafant, fruitful, and bed in- Ibabited Spots of Ground in Jamaica^ as one may imagine I by the Names of three Plantations contiguous to one ano- ther, Spring Fale^ Golden Vale^ ^nd Spring Garden. It fends tivo Reprefentatives to the Affembly, and allows the Mi- siiler 100 /. a Year^ but is moil famous for being in the I Neighbourhood of Spanijh Town^ or St. Jago ; the Capital of the Ifland Lhen the Spaniards were Mafters, as it is alfo at prefenc. Before the Englijh burnt it when they conquered it, it contain- led above 2000 Houies, had 16 Churches and Chapels ; bat after they had exercifcd their Fury upon it, there were left only the Remains of two Churches and about 5 or 600 Houfes, fomeof which were very pleafant and habitable. Twas founded by Chrijiopher Columbus^ who called it St. Jag9 de la Vega^ as we have hinted before ; and he reci- procally received the Title of Duke de la Vega from this City. There is a Savanaox Plain which faces the Town, where Thoufands of Sheep, Goats, Calves and Horfes grazed, when the Spaniards owned it. The Back- fide of the Town iswaihed by a fair but unnavigable River, which falls iito the Sea at Pajfage Fort, 'Tis a fine large Stream, and runs by the Sides of the Town, ferving all the People for drinking and other Ufes. The Spaniards callfed it Rio Cobre, or the Qupper River, from its running over that Mineral. This Town or rather City, is 12 Miles from Port Roy aU and the h^lijh like it fo well, that they have made it the Capital of thellland. The Governor and his Succeffors at firll chofe it for the Place of their Refidence, the principal Courts of Judicature are kept here. The chief Officers are obliged to attend here, where the Seat of the Government is j and by this Means and the Fate of Port Royal, this City is fo much enlarged, that there are now 2000 Houfes in it, as there were before the Englijh conquered it. Tis a very pleafant City, and the Inhabitants live in a great deal of Pomp »nd Luxury. The Savana before the Town is the Place of Rendezvous every Evening for the Peo- ple of Faihion, as the Park is at London, and the Cours at ^arii. The Night Guard here confifts of Horfe as well as Foot, three Troopers and a Corporal, and fix Foot Soldiers and a Corporal. It fends three Reprefentatives to the Affembly, The fupreme Court of Judicature is kept here. Capt. Vring writes, that this Town and the greater Towns are very dirty in wetj anddufty in dry Weather, not being paved. Next to it is C c + St, 391 M J) '11 9'' ' Eiiil' 392 ^he Hi/lory of Jamaica. H'*^k, St, DorotJy*s Parijh ^ in which is Old Harbour^ about four or five Leagues to the leeward of St. Jago. 'Tis a good Road and a little Guiph, which may as conveniently i ^rve Spanijh 7 own as Port Royal. Four or 500 tall Ships may ride there, without Danger of falling foul upon one another. This Precindt fends two Reprefentatives to the AflTembly, and allows the Minifter 8q /. per Jnn. as do all the following Pariflics bordering on St. Dorothy^s. On the fame Shore is Fere Parijh-, in which is a fmall Place called CarliJJg of joj or 20 Houfes, and Maccary Boy^ very fafe for Shipping. It 3'fo fends two Reprefentatives to the Aflembly. Next to it is St. Elizabeth's Parijh, which fends two Reprefentatives to I the Aflembly, and is the laft Parifh on the Southern Coafts of the Tfland. In the Bay into which B/eiv/eld's River runs not! far from the Shore, was the Town of Orijlan., which the] Spaniards built when they firft fettled upon this liland. There are Abundance of Rocks off this Coaft, and fomel Ifles among the Shoals; as Seruavilb, ^titefuena, and ^er-\ rann. 'Tis faid Angujlim Pedro Serrana was caft away here, ."ind himfplf only fayed j that he lived three Years in this iUand by himfelf, that then there was another Seaman thrown afliore, who was the only Man of all his Company that was! faved, and that thefe ty^o lived four Years more oefore theyl w^ere taken off. There are feveral Plantations to the Weft- ward as far as Point Negril, w|iich is the Lands End of Ja- vmica, k is a good Harbour, and Ships are fheltered therel from the Weather. It lies convenient in Cafe of a Rupturej with Spain, for our iVIen of War to wait there for the 5/fl. niards palling to or from the Havana \ and it was there that] Admiral Bembow waited for Du Cajp, when Kirby and other Captains deferted him. A little farther to the North Weft ftpod the City ofl Seville, fituated on the Northern Coaft near the Sea. Twasl the fecond Town buiit by the Spaniards. There was forj mcrly a Collegiate Church there, the Head of which was ho noured with the Title of an Abbot. Peter Martyr, who wrotd the Decades of the fVeJi- Indies, was Abbot of this Monaftery.l Eleven Leagues farther Eaftward was the City of Mellila\ the firft the Spaniards built. Here Columbus fufFered S wreck, in his Return from Veragua in J^exico. The Citj| ftood in St. Jamesh Parifli ; which fends two Members to the AfJ fernbly. This Precin£l i^ but thinly inhabited, as is alfo thj r^xt to it, St Arme\\ It fends two Reprefentatives to the AflemblyJ The f^me dogj Ckm\ Tloe Hijlory of Jamaica. Clarendon'^ an Inland Precinft, better peopled and planted. St. Mary's is next to St. Anne*s^ and fends alio two Mem- bers to the AfTembly. To Rio Novo in this Parifli, the Spa- nlards retreated when the Englijh had driven them from the South Coaft of the Illand. Bordering on this Precindt is St. Thomas in the Fale, which is pretty well plan^ ;d, and fends two Reprefentatives to the Aflembly. Next to this is St. George's Parijh'^ which fends two Members to the Aflembly : As does St. Thomasy in the North Eaft Part of the IQand. On the Northern Coaft is Port Francis^ by fome called Port Antonio^ one of the beft Ports in Jamaica. Tis clofe and well covered, and has but one Fault, which is the Entrance into it is not very eafy ; the Channel being ftraitened by a little Ifland that lies at the Mouth of the Port. Tis called Lynch Ijland^ but belonged to the Earl of Carlijle of the Family of the Howardsy who was once Governor of Jamaica, There are feveral good Harbours on the Northern as well as on the Southern Shore j as Cold Harbour^ Rio Novo, Montega Bay, Orange Boy : But the South Parts being beft peopled are moft frequented ; and there is nothing more in any of thefe Northern Precindts worth the Reader's Curiofity, anlcfs we entered into the Natural Hiftory of the Country, which the learned Dr. Sloan has publilhed, after he had been feveral Years about it. The Difference in the Riches of thefe Counties or Pariflie?, will be feen by their Valuation, in a Tax of 450 /. laid upon the whole Country for their Agents in England. Port Royals St. Andrew*Sf —- St. Katherine*Sy — — St. Dorothyy — — Fere, 393 Clarendon f - St. Elizabeth^ St. 'Thomas in the N. E. St. David's, - St. Thomas in the Fale, St. Jehny — St. George, ■ ■ ' ■- — St. Mary\ St. Anne^i St. James's, Kmgjion^ I s. d. 49 10 10 5* 17 % 5<^ \6 3 25 3 1 47 X 8 42 I % 51 6 % 27 10 16 IX 29 9 15 8 3 5 »•> 6 II I? 7 7 2 6 2 16 % <9 S The Jl'' 'I'll \:^im I m. ■■ 'k I| j.. 'r ii ■;''3' lit Ifc ■'tiliiii w Iwiun JHI 394 ^ Pijtory of Jamaica. The Soil of Jamaica is good and fruitful every where, c- fpccially in the Northern Parts, where the Mould is blackilh «nd in many Places mixed with Potters-Earthy in others, as towards the South Call, the Soil is reddilh and fandy. Xai^g it all together it is extremely fertile, and very well anfwers u^e Induftry of the Planter. The Plants and Trees are always blooming, and always green of one Sort or another- and every Month there refembles our April and May. There is Abundance of Savanas or Lands of Indian Corn. Thefc Savanas are found up and down even among the Mountains, particularly Northward and Southward^ where there are great Numbers of wild Beafts, tho' not fo mauy as when the Engli/h came firft there. The Indians ufed to fow Male in thofe Savanas, and the Spaniards bred their Cattle which they brought from Spain • as Horfes, Cows, Hogs and Afles, which multiplied to fuch a Degree, that not many Years ago Herds of wild Cattle were found in the Woods, as aJfo wild Horfes. The Engli/h killed vaft Quantities of Oxen and Cowsj when they were Mafters of the Illand, yet there were an in- credible Number ilill left in the Woods, whither the Spa* niards drove them from the Conquerors. The Savanas are now the moft barren Parts of the Ifland, which proceeds from their not being at all cultivated: How- ever there grows fuch Plenty of Grafs, that the Inhabitants bavebeen forc<»l to burn it. As Jamaica is the n»oft Northerly of all the CharibhaA IJlandsy the Climate is more temperate, and there is no Coun- try between the Tropic ks where the Heat is more moderate I and lefs troublefom. The Air is always cooled by the Eafternl Breezes, frequent Rains, and nightly Dews, which beforel the terrible Revolution in the Courfe of Nature by thel Earthquake ma<)e the Place very healthy, and all Things look! fmiling and pleafant there in all Sealbns. I The Eaftcrn and Weftern Parts of the Ifland are morel fubge6l DO rainy and windy Weather, than the Northern andl 3outhern; and the thick Forefts there render them not lol agreeable as the Southward and Northward, which is a morel open Country, and lefs fubjed to Wind a^^d Rain. The Air| in the mountainous Part« is cooler, and frofty Morning have been often known upon the Hills. Before the dreadful Hurricane, which overwhelmed fol many Hundoedsof its Inhabitants in 1692, this Ifland wai not troubled with Tempefts like the other Sugar ljlani\ neither were their Ships driven afliore in their Harbours, no| their Houfes blown down over their Heads, as at Barbam m ^he WJlory of Jamaica. 395 aflci the Leeward Iflands^ but they can now no more botft of that Advantage over their Neighbours. The Weather ufed to be more various and uncertain than in the Churibhee IJlands, The Months of May and Novem- kr are wet Months, and ly inter is known from Summer only by Rain and Thunder, which are then more violent than at other Times of the Year. The Eafterly Bree2.es begin to blow about nine a Clock in the Morning, and grow ftronger js the Sun rifes, by which Means People may travel or work in the Field all Hours of the Day. The Nights and Days are almoft of an equal Length all the Year long, and there's hardly any Difference to be perceived. The Tides feldom rife above a Foot high. Storms are very. rare, and few or no Ships were ever caft away on thefa Coafts. But there being a curious Account of the Weather, , Water, Dier, and other Things relating to Jamaica^ communicated to the Royal Society by Dr. Stubbs^ who made thefe Obfervations, I (hall for the Sacisfadion of the Rea- I der give htm an Abftrad of it. The Wind at Night blows off the IGand of Jamaica every ^^'^^ Way at once, fo that no Ship can any where come in by ^^l Tnnt Night, nor go out buf enrly in the Morning, before the Searj/. iii. p. Breeze comes on. a the Sun declines the Clouds gather 548. & feq. I and Jhape according to the Mountains ; fo that old Seamen 1 tell you each lUand towards the Evening, by the Shape I of the Cloud over it. As there arc certain Trees that attrad the Rains, fo as the I Woods are deftroyed, the Rains are alfo delhoyed or at leaft abated. At Port Morant the Eaikrmoft Part of the Ifland, there's little of Land Breeze, becaufe the Mountain is remote from thence, and the Breeze coming thence, fpends its Force I along the Land thither. in the Harbour of Jamaica there grow many Rocks, I lliaped like Bucks and Stags Horns. There grow alfo feveral Sea Plants, whofe Roots are ftony. At the Point in Ja- \iaaica where Port Royal flood, i'carce fall 40 Showers a Year. From the Point towards Port Morant, and fo along noLiguanee lix Miles from Port Royal^ there's fcarce an At- ternoon for eight or nine Months together, beginning from \ April, in which it rains not. At Spanijh-Town it rains but three Months in a Year, and then not much. At the Pointy wherever one digs five or fix Foot, Water will appear, which ebbs and Hows as the Tide; not fait but brackiih, unwhoie- [Ibm for Men but wholefom for Hogs. Paflenpcrs when they firft come to Jamaica^ fweat con- |tinually in great Drops for three Qiiarters of a Year, and I then i'-v ■''■•'''■' ■ !, B' ^m m fi \M im it I" ]!' I \X.r- mwu] iv :i 'mm I. -S ■ ri .■■■■ > I ; 'I -■ .,l m 39^ f ■ Vf4. The UtJIory of Jamaica. then it ceafes ; yet they are not more dry than in England \ neither does all that fwcating make them fiiintifti. If any one is dry, his Thirft is bell quenched hy a little Brandy. Moft Animals drink little or nothing there. The hottcli Time of the Day is about Eight in the Morning, when there! is no Brtexe. In Magotti Savana in the midft of the Ifland, between Sr, I Mary's and St. Jo'm*s Precin(fls, whenever ic rains, the Rain as it fettles on the Seams of any Garment, turns in half an Hour to Maggots, yet that Plain is healthy to dwell in : Tho* Water is found every where five or fix Foot deep at the Pointy yet there rifes no Steam into the Air from the Sands ; for Men often lie all Night and deep on them, wich«| out receiving any Hurt. The Sea Breeze comes nc t into Jamaica till eight or ninel in the Morning, and commonly ceafes about four or five in I the Evening. But fometimes the Sea Breeze blows in the! Winter Mcxiths 14 Days and Nights together j and then nol Clouds gather but Dews fall. But if a North Wind blowsj which fometimes in the Winter Months lads as long, thcnl no Dews fall nor Clouds gather. The Clouds bc^.n to gather! at two or three of the Clock in the Afternoon at: the Moun»l tains ; the reft of the Sky being dear till Sun-fet, As for the Produd of the Ifland, it h much tne fiimc with Barbados. We fhall take Notice in what it differs, as we proceed in our Difcourfeon thisSubjed. The Sugar of Jamaica is brighter and of a finer Grain than icbe common Barbados Mufcovado. and fjslls in England foij five or fix Shillings in the Hunored '>*iorc, being fit for Qro\ cers, whereas the Barbados unpurged Sugars mull generally pafs thro* the Refiners Hands firft. So long ago as the Ycatl J 670, there were 70 Mills in Jamaica, which made abouj aoooooo Pound of Sugar ; bat that Quantity is encreafed tc ten Times as much fince. At Jamaica, the Sugar cures fafler in 10 Days than infd Months at Barbados i and this happens on thofe PiacesJ where it rains for many Months together. Rains are fuddcn here, and make no previous Alterations in the Air before the]| fall, nor do they leave it moiji afterwards. There is more Cocoa comes from thence than from all cur Colonies. But it is now no longer a Commodity to bj regarded in our Plantations, tho' at firft it was the principal Invitation to the peopling Jamaica. For thofe Walks th^ Spaniards left behind them there when we conquered it, pro duced fuch prodigious Profit with little Trouble, that Sij T/mnas Modiford and feveral othprs, fet up their Refts M (land, between Sr, ever ic rains, the garment, turns in is healthy to dwclll or fix Foot deep atl the Air from the I ep on them, with* ca till eight or nine! )out four or five in I ree%e blows in thcl ether j and then nol ^orth Wind blows,! lafts as long, thcnl ouds b%.n to guthcrl moon ai: the Moun*| Sun-fet. much tne kma wit! [lat it differs, as we )f a finer Grain thati ells in England for being fit for Grc igars mull generally ong ago as the Year which made abouij miity is cncreafed tc 10 Days than in fi) on thofe Places] Rains arc fuddcr ti the Air before the) lencc than from all Commodity to bi it was the principal 7or thofe Walks thi e conquered it, pn Trouble, that Sii l-t up theii Relb t' T%e Hiftory of Jamaica. 597 Irow wealthy by it, and fell to planting much of it, which . r duI^ - ihe 5/> Head, J ■four White Servants, their PalTage and Maintenance, 1 at 20/. a Head, j Ijo Hatchets, 20 Pick-Axes, and 20 Spades, ;iic Maintenance of fix Negroes fix Months, till 7 Provifionscan be raifed for them, j koranOverfeer, 4.0 j. a Month. /. xo 120 80 i« 2+ 257 Thefe Men mufl begin to work the firft Day of March, nd build themfelves Huts, plane Potatoes, Corn and Plan- lins, and when the Plantation is ready to receive them, there nuft be bought five Negro Men and five Negro Women Inore at 20/. a Head, 200/. And at the latter End of \!arch the Plantei muft plant his Cocoa, either in the Nut lor Seed, between Rows of Plantains of fix Foot high. Twenty one Acres will be proper to be planted every Year, md by the firft of June in the following Y^r, the Walk vill be full of Cocoas ; which in four Years Time will bear fniif, and in the fifth be fit to gather. Every Acre will pro- lice 1000 Weight yearly, which was then worth 4/. a Hun- Ired in the Ifland . Thus every 2 1 Acres will every Year pro- ke to the Value of 840 /. Sterling. The Charges of Gathering and Houfing the Fruit is in- onfiderable, a few Bags, and fome other odd Things, which I all amount to 43 /. 10 s. So that the whole Expence is ot 500/. and the Charge leflens every Year, but the Profit ncreafes according to the Number of Acres planted. *Tis >be obferved that this Calculation was made When the Place ras firft fettled, but it will ferve to give the Reader fome dea of the Advantage of fuch a Walk at this Time, for in boft Things it holds the fame. Land and No^oes are dearer, but 399 \ •■ •(?"! lil'N^ '^ . ' % Ml '• I 1 ' ' %>' Hill,;. w-T "''r '{SIS' : !ll:'''i! (-,. !»!; m'M .1 :.'^fUj 400 Ibid* Lowth. Vol II. p 663. < ^e Hijiory of Jamaica. but the latter is a temporary Scarcity, and the former not hard to be come at, for enough may be had in the Northtu Precinfts on eafy Terms. As to Indigo, there is more produced in Jamaica than i; any other Colony, by Reafon of the great Quantity of Savfin, JLand; for it thrives beft in Hght fandy Ground, as fuchthofj Savanas or great Plains are. The Seed from whence it i raifed is yellow and round, fomething lefs than a Fitch Tare. The Ground is made light by Hoing, then Trencha are dug like thofe our Gardners prepare for Peafe, in whic the Seed is put about March. It grows ripe in 8 Week Time, and in frefli broken Ground will fpire up to abom three Foot high, but in others to no more than 18 Inches, The Stalk is full of Leaves of a deep green Colour, an will from its firft (owing yield nine Crops in one Year, When it is ripe it is cut, and fteept in proportioable Fats 2 Hours, then it muft be cleared from the firfl Water, am put into proper Cifterns j where when it has been careful! beaten, it is permitted to fettle about 18 Hours. In thefi Cifterns are feveral Taps, which let the clear Water rui out, and the thick \s put into Linnen Bags of about threi Foot long and half a Foot wide, made commonly of Ozen brigs, which being hung up all the liquid Part drips away. When it will drip no longer, it is put into Wooden Boxi three Foot long, 14. Inches wide, and one and a half deep, Thefe Boxes tnuft be placed in the Sun till it grows too hot{ and then taken in till the extreme Heat is over. This mu: be done continually till it is fufBciently dried. In Land that piroviss proper for Indigo, the Labour of on Hand in a Year's Time, will produce between 80 and 101 Weight, which may amount from 1 2 to 15 /. to the Planterj if no Accident happen, for Indigo as well as other Commofl Tree, dities in thofe Parts is fubjeft to many. The moft commoiBgcther. arc Blading and Worniis, by which it is frequently deftroyed. Piemento is another natural Produdion of Jamaica^ froi whence it is called Jamaica Pepper^ alluding to its Figurj and the chief Place of its Growth. The Trees that bear are generally very tall and fpreading. * Its Trunk is as thick as one's Thigh, as Dr. Sloan vk\ lived in Jamaica informs us. It rifes ftrait above thi Foot high, is covered with an extraordinary fmoothSkin a grey Colour j it is branched out oa every Hand, havii the End of its Twigs fet with Leaves of feveral Sizes, tl largeft being four or five Inches long, and two or thri broad in the Middle where it is broadeft, and whence decreafes to both l^xtremes, ending in a Point fmooth, thii • Ihitiidi ' ■t'Sm ,- ■:fe" ^■*ill , M WW ■|!'. '.iv, fell , 'fj,l.t . ■,'} ,L1 ■MM. 402 fhe Hijiory of Jamaica. ter it flowers, the Fruit foon ripens : But it is to be obfcrved that in cleared open Grounds it is fooner ripe than in thick Woods. There's no great Difficulty in the curing or pre- ferving this Fruit for \J(g. 'Tis for the moft Part done by the Negroes. They climb the Trees and pull ofF the Twigs with the unripe green Fruit, and afterwards carefully feparate the Fruit from the Twigs and Leaves j which done, they ex- pofe them to the Sun from the rifing to the fetting for many Days, fpreading them thin on Cloths, turning them now and then, and carefully avoiding the Dews which are there very great. By this Means they become a little wrinkled, and from a green change to a brown Colour, when they are fit for the Marker, being of different Sizes, but commonly of I the Bignefs of Black- Pepper, Ibmething like in Smell and Tafte to Cloves, Juniper-Berries, Cinnamon and Pepper- or rather having a peculiar mixt Smell, fomewhat akin to all of them; from whence it is called All-Spice. The more fragrant and fmaller they are, they are accounted the better. 'Tis defervedly reckoned (adds the Do6tor) the \ heft and moft temperate^ mild and innocent of common Spices and fit to come into greater Ufe^ and to gain more Ground than j it has^ of the Eaft-India Commodities of this Kind-^ almojl a\\\ cf which it far furpaffes^ by promoting the Digeftion of Meat^ j attenuating tough iJumours, moderately heating and Jirength- \ nin^ the Stomachy expelling JVind^ and doing thofe fritndU j Offices to the Bowels^ which we expeSf from Spices. The Wild Cinnamon Tree, commonly, tho* falfely called j Cortex IVinteranus, grows in this Ifland. Its Trunk is about j the Bignefs of that of the Piemento Tree, and rifes 20 or 30 j Foot high, having many Branches and Twigs hanging down- wards making a very comely Top. The Bark confifts of) two Parts, one outward and another inward. The outward) Bark is as thin as a milled Shilling, of a whitiih, afh or grey Colour, with fome white Spots here and there upon it, and feveral (hallow Furrows of a darker Colour, running varioufiy through it, making it rough, of an Aromatick Talle. The inward Bark is much thicker than Cinamon, being as thick as a milled Crown Piece, fmooth, of a whiter Colour than the outward, of a much more biting and Aromatick Tafte, { fomething like that of Cloves, and not glutinous like Cin- namon, but dry and crumbling between the Teeth. The! Leaves come out near the Ends of the Twigs without any! Order, ftanding on Inch long Foet-Jialksy each of them two! Inches in Length, and one in Breadth near the End, where I broadeft, and roundiih, bebg narrow at the Beginning; from I whence The Hiftory of Jamaica.* 403 WM whence it augments in Breadth to near ita End, of a yel- lowish green Colour, Ihining and fmooth, without any In- cifures about its Edges, and fomewhat refembling the Leaves of Bay. The Ends of the Twigs arc branched into Bunches of Flowers, Handing fomething like Umbels^ each of which has a Foot-Jlalk'^ on the Top of which is a Calix made up of fomc little Leaves, in which ftand five fcarlet or purple Pctala^ within which is a large Stylis ^ to thefc follow fo many Caly (dated Berries of the Bignefs of a large Pea, roundifh, green, and containing within a mucilaginous, pale, green, thin Pulp, jbur black ihining Seeds of an irregular Figure. All the Parts of this Tree, when frefh, are very hot, aro- matick and biting to the Taftc, fomething like Cloves ; which is fo troublefom, as fometimes to need the Remedy of fair Water. It grows in the Savana Woods very frequently on each Side of the Road, between Pajfage-Fort and the Town of St. J ago de la Vega^ The Bark of the Tree is what is chiefly in Ufe, both in the Englijh Plantations between the l^tt^tcki in the fVeJi-Indies and in Europe^ and is without any Difficulty cured, by only cutting off the Bark, and Ic ting it dry in the Shade. The more ordinary Sort of People ufe it in the IVeJi-Indies inftead of all other Spices, being thought very good to confume the immoderate Humidity of the Sto- mchi to help Digejiion^ and expel JVind, &c. Rum lofes its loatbfom Smell if mixed with this Bark. The true Cortex Winteranus^ for which the Druggifts fell this wild Cinnamon, was brought by Capt. Winter^ who ac- companied Sir Francis Drake in his Voyage round the World irom the Streights of Magellan. The fo famed Tree crjled a Cabbage-Tree^ is (fays Dr. ibid. J^ol. hbbi) nothing elfe than a Palm-Tree, and all that is eaten m. p. 554* in the Cabbage, is what fprouted out that Year, and fo is tender. If eaten raw, it is as good as any new Almonds, and if boiled, excels the beft Cabbage, when that Top is cue off the Tree dies. The Timber will never rot, and when it is dried, grows (o hard that one cannot drive a Nail into it. There's a Tree in Jamaica called the Bajlard Cedar^ whofe Wood is fo porous (tho* none would guefs fo upon View) that being turned into Cups, Wine and Brandy will Ibak through at the Bottom in a ihort Time. There's a Tree called PFhitewood^ of which if Ships are built, they will never breed any Worm. The Soap T*'ee grows at the Spanijh Toivn^ with Berries as big as Musket- Bullets ; which of themfelves, without any mixt Ingredient whatfoever, waflies better than Caftle-Soap, but they rot the linen in Time. D d 2 The ill' I '1'-' ilM1^~ V I Its,;! '\.% 404 Ibid. Vol II. p. 45: I'he Hijlory of Jamaica. The Juice of CaJJavi is rank Poifon, all Hogs iind Poultry that drink it fwelland die prefently. If the Root be roafted it is no Poifon, but only occafions Torfions in the Belly. : The Palma yields a prodigious Quantity of Oil, and it might eafily be made a Itaple Commodity. • 'Tis the only Remedy of Indians and Negroes for the Head-ach. The Manchinel Tree is a Wood of an excellent Grain, equalling the Jamaica Wood, but large to four Foot Dia- meter. The Spaniards turn it into Beds, and the EngliJhA ufually floor their Rooms with it in Jamaica. The Manchinel Apple is one of the beautifuleft Fruits in the World to the Eye, one of the agreeableft to the Smell J and of the pleafantert to the Tafte (being thence by many called the Eye Apple) but if eaten certain Death. The Wood of it yet green, if rub'd againft the Hand, will fetch off the Skin or raife Blifters, and if any Drops of Rain falling from I this Tree light upon one's Hand, or other naked Part of the| Body, it will alfo have the fame Eft'ed. There's Plenty of Cotton and Ginger in Jamaica^ and itl is finer than that of the Charibbee-IJlands. The Tobacco! that was planted there was better than at Barbados^ but there'sl fo little it deferves not the Name of a Commodity. I Very good tan'd Leather is made there. The Tanners havel three Barks to tan with, Mangrave^ Olive Bivk^ andanotherj They tan better than in England, and in fix Weeks the Lea- ther is ready to work into Shoes. There's Abundance of Dyers Woods, asFuftick, Redwood, Logwood, andothersJ With leveral Sorts of Sweet-Woods. 'Tis not doubted but that there are Copper Mines in the Ifland, and the Spaniards fay, the^ Bells of the great Churciil of St. J ago were made of Jamaica Metal. 'Tis fuppofed there may be Silver Mines in it as well as at Cuba^ and on the Continent : And there is a Place in the Mountains of Port\ Royal or Caguagy where it is reported, the Spaniaysdw Silver, but the Englijh have not been fo happy as to find it] The Spaniards alfo found Amber grcafe on the Coaft, but tha EngUJh have not often had that good Fortune : Yet fomej Years ago an ignorant Fellow found 180 Pound of AmberJ greafe dafhed on the Shore, at a Place called Ambergmf Pointy where the Spaniards came ufually once a Year to loolj for it. This vaft Quantity was divided into two Parts, fup pofed by rolling and tumbling in the Sea. Some fay it . produced from a Creature, as Honey and Silk j and Mr. TriA way who viewed this Piece writes, he faw in fundry Places oj this Body, the Beak, Wings, and Part of the Body of th Creature, which he preferved for fame Time. He was alfd m u Hogs ind Poultry i Root be roafted in the Belly, ty of Oil, and it y. • 'Tis the only :ad-ach. » excellent Grain, :o four Foot Dia- s, and the En^lijh a. lutifulcft Fruits in! bleft to the Smell, g thence by many Death. The Wood , will fetch off the ' Rain falling from I naked Part of the] in yamaica, and itl is. The Tobaccol \arbados^ but there's} nniodity. The Tanners have! ' Bark, and another! fix Weeks the Lea-I :re's Abundance of )gwood, and others, Dpper Mines in the of the great Church etal. 'Tis' fuppofed as at Cuba^ and on : Mountains of Pori, the Spania\-di 6.m happy as to find it] the Coaft, but thef ortune : Yet fome Pound of Amber^ called Amhergreaji once a Year to loolj into two Parts, fupj fea. Some fay it Silk; andMr.7r<fomuch that the Seamen row gently to them, and cithej 557. 559- flrikethem with Irons, or enfnare their L^s with a Rop and Running-Net, and fo take them. If their Blood heated they 6\q, for to maintain Life, it muft not be hott^ than the Element they live in. They bite much more of th fubmarinc Grafs than they fwallow, by which Means the Scj h fometimes covered with the Grafs, where they feed at th Bottom. Once in about half an Hour they come up, fed one Breath like a Sigh, and then fink dov/n again. Wba 3 ^^ ne Hijiory of Jamaica. 407 rjiey are out of the Water, they breath fomewhat oftner. If they are hurt on Shore as they lie on their Backs, the Tears will trickle from their Eyes. They may be kept out of the Water twenty Days and more, yet they will be fo fat as to be fitthig Meat, provided about half a rint of fait Water is given them every Day. The Fat that's about their Guts is yellow, tho' that of their Bodies be green. The Head being cut .,(F dies inihntly, and if the Heart is taken out, the Motion continues not long, but any Quantity of the Flefl: will move ^f pricked, and alfo of itfelf many Hours after it is cut into Quarters j and the very Joints of the Bones of the Shoulders and Legs have their Motions, even tho* you prick only the Fat of them. But if you place thefe Parts of the Tortoi/e in the Sun, they pre- fenrly die, a3 the Legs do in a Manner as foon as they are cut off. The Blood 0/ the Tortoifes (fays Dr. Stubhs in the fame Col- ibid. p. f49. leftion) is colder than any Water I ever felt in Jamaica; yet'^^°' is the Beating of their Heart as vigorous as that of any Ani- mal f and their Arteries are as firm as any Creatures I know. Tbeir Lungs lie in their Belly, Their Spleen is triangular, of ajrm Flejhy and floridly red. , Their Liver is of a dark green : they have a Sort of Teeth, with which they chew the Grafs ihey eat in the fubmarine Meadows. All the Tortoifes from the Charibbees to the nay of Mexico repair in Summer to the Cayman IJlands on this Coafi, to lay their Eggs and to hatch there. They coot for fourteen Day together ^ then lay in one Night about three hundred Eggs with White and Tolk, but no I Shells. Then they coot again and lay in the Sand, andfo thrice-, when the Male is reduced to a kind of Gelly within and blind, and isfo carried Home by the Female. Their Fat is green, but not offenfvDe to the Stomach, the it is in Broth orjiewed. Urine hoks of ayellowijhgreen, and is oily after eating it. There is no Sort of Fowl wanting here, wild or tame, and I more Parrots than in any of the other Iflands. The Fruits, Flowers and Herbs ari much the fame with [thofeof Barbados, various and excellent in their Kinds. The Fruit of the Trees in this Ifland of the fame Kind, ripen noc atone Time. There's a Hedge of Plumb-Trees of two Miles in the Road to Spanijh-Town, of which fome Trees have been obferved to be in Flower, others with green, others I with ripe Fruit, and others to have done bearing at the £ime iTime. Jafmins have been (een to blow before their Leaves, and lalfo after their Leaves are fallen again. The Sour-Sop, a very ipleafant Fruit, has a Flower with three Leaves. When thefe D d 4 open ' ""It,. it" ■ ;J f '.(I ^ ''til'' w J 'M^ ''', r '*. N' :!(' : 111 4o8 ^^ ^he Hijhry of Jamaica. open they give fo great a Crack, that Perfons often run from under the Tree, and think it to be tumbhng down. The Difeafes of this Country before the Earthquake, «'ere not fo mortal to the Europeans as they have been fince. In- temperance always was more fatal to the Englijh than the Cli- mate, and thofe Voyagers who were always drinking in the City of Port-Royal t might well cry out againft the Heat of the Climate, the Fires from without being encreafed by their Flames within. Temperance and Ex^rcife would have gone a great Way towards keeping Men well there, before Difeafes were brought thither out of Europey and the Air became in- feded with the peftilential Vapours of the Earthquake. The Diftempers to which Strrngers are moft fubje<^, are the Dropfy, occafioned comr.ionly by hard Drinking and Lazi- nefs. Agues and Fevers. There's a Bird called a Pelican, but is a Kind of Cor- morant. It has a fifliy Tafte, yet if the Flcfli lies buried in the Ground two Hours it lofes that Tafte. The Birds called by feme Fregats are here termed Men of War, their Fat is good againft Aches. The Fire-Flies in Jamaica contrad and expand ti.eir Light as tLiey fly, and their Light continues fome Days after they are dead. Thefe Flies are a Kind of Cantharides, looking green in the Day-time, but glowing and ihining in the Night, even when they are dead, as we have already obferved. Our Author afBrms, he applied them dead to a printed and written Paper in the dark and read it. There are feveral troublefom Creatures and Infeds here, as well as in the other Iflands. The IVood Lice eat Covers and Books, and fome Sorts of Trmber, but not all. The Ciron or Chego is a terrible Plague to the Blacks, efpc- cially if they come among the nervous and membranous Parts, they are very painful and not to be pulled, left the Surgeons Needles touch the Nerves. No Englijh ever get them, but by, going in Places frequented by the Negroes; they are incident moftly to fuch as are naliy about the Feet, | and very feldoni any elle have them ; they will fpread by little j and little over the whole Feet, eat off Toes, and over-run the whole Body of fome idle Blacks ; thev are not felt to have got into the Body till a Week after : They breed in great Numbers, and fliut themfelves up in a Bag, which U'hen the Negroes feel, there are certain skilful Men, who with little Pains take them out, having great Care to takeout the Bag entirely, that none of the Brood which are like Nits| may be left behmd, for Fear, of giving Rife to a new Ge- neration. We I H:)e Hiflory of Jamaica. We cauft take Notice that the Swallows in Jamaica, as hot 2$ it is, depart in the Winter Months, and the wild Ducks and Teal come thither then. The Manchinella, in Shape like a Crawfijh, which is (b common in the Charibbee-Iflands, is alfo frequently met with in Jamaica, as are Adders and Guyanas, but neither of them venomous. The moft terrible Creature is the Mligator, which com- monly lies about their Rivers and Ponds. They live upon Fiefli, after which they hunt gree-.!/, but feldom get any Man's Flefli, becaufe it is eafy to avoid them ; for they can- not flir but in a iliait Line, which they do fwiftly and forcibly, whereas they turn with Ditficulty and very flowly. Some of them are lo or 15, and fome 20 Foot long, their Backs are all over fcaly and impenetrable, and it is hard to wound them* any where, except in the Eye or the Belly, they have four Feet or Fins, with which they cither walk or fwim. 'Tis obferved, that like Fifli they never make any Noife. Their \Vay of Hunting is thus : They lie on a River*s Bank, and wait for Beafts that come to drink there, which they feize as foon as they are within their Reach and devour ; they deceive them the more eafily, becaufethey refemblea long Piece of old dry Wood or fomething that's dead. The Mifchief thefe Animals do, is recompenced by the Advantage of their Fat, of which an excellent Ointment is made good for any Pains or Aches in the Bones or Joints. They have Bags of Musk ftronger and more odorous than that of the Eajl-lndies, the Smell is fb great and fo fearching, that it is eafy by it to dif- cover where they lie, and avoid them before a Man fees them; even the Cattle by a natural Inflind fmell them, and run away from them. They breed like Toads, by Eggs which they lay in the Sand on the Rivers Banks; their Eggs are no larger than aTurkey's, they cover thern and the Sun's-Beams hatch them : The Shell is as firm and like in Shape to a Turkey's, but not fpotted. As foon as their Young come out of the Shell, they take immediately to the Water. Thefe Alligators are fhaped like Lizzards being four-footed, they walk with their Belly at ? Diftance from the Ground like them. Thofe of full Growth have Teeth like a MaflifF, jshas been before hinted. They may be maflered and killed by any one dextrous and skilled in the Way of doing it, which is thus: A Man muft be armed with a good long Truncheon and attack them Side-ways, for if he does it Front-ways they will be too nimble for him, and by leaping upon him (which they can do the Length of their whole Body) fpoil hiiu ; but if he lays his Club on them againft their Shoulder and be- 3 hind 409 !'li;:^.'^ m\ J:,«|: iir ■■■: il!,'!!' H' ;;,} Pill; '.>*'■! I! »:{»;■ •1< ■h ■}^.. '•- ll M if i'/%.'-' >i *■!>.. f'.i'.i'i, tl ■'V*!'* >»' 1|^-. II t; 410 ^e Hijlory oj Jamaica. hind their Fore-feet, they are cafily lamed there ind fubdued Some Places in this Ifland are troubled with Gnati and flinging Flies: There's no avoiding fuch Inconvenicncics in the IVeJ}- Indies. There are feveral other Particularities relating to Jamaica which arc worth obferving, and could not fo well be couched under any particular Article. Several Sorts of Beans grow in this Ifland, as the Cacms the Horfe-Eye Bean, fo called from its Rcfcmblancc to the Eye of that Beaft, by Means of a Welt almoft furrounding it J the AJh-coloured Nickar^ fo termed from its being pcr- fe<5tly round and very like a Nickar, fuch as Boys ufed to play withal. Iron and other Metals ruft Ipaft in Jamaica in rainy Wea- ther, as Dr. Stubbs in the Tra6t fo often cited by usobfervcs. *Tis a Miftake that any Tobacco grows wild in Jamaica at leaft. The nitrous Tobacco, which grows upon Salt-Pctre Ground there, will not come to fo good a Colour, nor keep fo long as other Tobacco ; infomuch that the Merchants often lofe all their Tobacco in the Voyage for England or Ireland Lowth Vol by its rotting all away. In fome Ground that is full of Salt- li.p. 550, Petre, the Tobacco thjt it bears flaflies as its fmokes. The 554' Potatoes in the fame Salt-Petre Ground are ripe two Months fooner than in any other Ground, but if they be not fpent im- mediately they ror, the Salt-Petre fretting the outward Skin of the Root, which is thinner in that Sort of Ground, than in other Places. The fame Doctor fays elfewhere, / could never hear of an^ Hurricane about Jamaica j but the dreadful Earthquakes that brought the Inhabitants fo near an univerfal Ruin, are worfe than the Tempefts, which are h frequent in the ChariblitC' IJlc{fl(h. We muft not omit remembring that there are hot Springs, and other mineral Waters in this Ifland, las we find by Intor- Ibid./'. 3^4- mation given the Royal Society by Sir IViliiam Beejlon. The Hot Spring moft talked of was difcovered many Years ago, but the Diftance and Trouble of getting to it, kept People from trying it till March 1^95, when two Perfons, the one very much macerated with the Belly- Ach, and another with the French Diieafe went to it, carried Cloths, built a Hut to keep them from the Rain and Sun, and both prefently by Drinking and Bathing found fuch Eafe, that in about ten Days they returned perfedtly cured. It comes out of a R )ck in a frefh Current, near to a fine Rivulet of good cool Wa* I ter J but is fo hot, that all affirm it foon boils Eggs, fome fay Crawfifli, Chickens, and thofc that do not value their Credit much, The Hiftory of Jamaica. 411 much, add even a Turkey: However it is certain, that near where it comes forth, there is no enduring any Pare of the Body but it takes off the Skin. It cures Ulcers, and con- triAed Nerves and Sinews in a few Days to a Miracle. Cd. Bickftrd^ who was given over by the Phyficians for very acute Pains in his Bowels went to it, made ufe of it and recovered. Another for the Belly-Ach, and a third for the Venereal Dif- n^t made the fame nappy Experiment ^ which got the Wa- ters fuch a Reputation, that many afterwards reforted to them. It was tried with Galls before Sir PVilliam Beejion^ ind they made the Water in 24. Hours look only like Canary or Old Hock, He fays. Out of Curioftty we tried the Water p^g, 34,.. tf cur Rivtr at Spanidi-Town with Galls, and in one Night tt turned to a deep Green more inclining to Black. Mr. Robert Tredway wrote from Jamaica : We have lately iifcovired two hot Springs, one to Windward which feemi ful- plureut ; the other to Leeward is very Jalt, but as I am told hi not partake cf Brim/lone \ and both are very much mag" nified/or the Dtfeafes of thefe Parts^ the dry BellyJch^ Pains tf the Nerves and Taws. Amons other Rarities of this Country is one very remark- ible, andthat is the Plant called Spirit Weed-^ which when its Seed is ripe the Veflel containing it, touched by any Thing whatever if it is wet, inftantly opens itfelf, and with I fmart Noife throws its Secid feveral Ways to a confiderable Diftance. Thus we have given the Reader an Account of the moft curious Part of the Natural Hiftory of this Ifland, to enter into the Reafons is a Diflertation without our Bounds -, and Dr. Shan has in his Trafb faid enough to give entire Satif- fkdtion to all, whofe Curiofity fliall carry them into (uch nice Difcuflions. :.,;(" illl4i: I III M '":i (Ml, CHAP. III. Of the Inhabitants and Trade of Jamaica, and the Advantages England does and may receive from it. 7Amaica like Barbados has three Sorts of Inhabitants, Mafters, Servants and Slaves ; to whom may be added a fourth, which tho' they are uncertain, yet by their Refort thither are a good Strength to the liland, Privateers and Water- 'u >. 'I .^'ll I i., '« ■ 'A 'i ! • ■ 412 75^?^ Hiftory of Jamaica. Watermen always coafting about it, » carrying Goods from one Place to another or cruixing for Prizes. The Privateers were at one Time the beft Flower in the Garden of the Jamaica Trade, they brought fome Millions of Pieces of Eight there nnd made the Place fo rich, that it out-ftript all the Colonies in Wealth in a very few Years ; even Barbados could only vie with it for Elderfhip, and having been longer planted. The Matters of Families in Jamaica^ Planters and Mer- chants, live with as much Pomp and Pleafurc as any Gentle- men in the World; they keep their Coaches and iix Horfes, have their Train of Servants in Liveries running before and behind them, and for Magnificence and Luxury they have always got the ftart of the other Colonies ; Whether it had not been better for them to have encouraged Induftry and Frugality We ftiall not take upon us to determine j their natu- ral Advantages above all the other Iflands does not make it fo neceffary for them to be induftrious, and the Riches that were brought them by their Trade with the Spanijh fViji- Indies^ put them in a Capacity of anfwering their Expences: And both together invited fo many People to fettle there, that 20 Years ago there were 60000 Evglijh Souls, and 1 00000 Blacki upon the Ifland. The War, Earthquake and Dif- cafes fince have hindered the Colony's encreafing ; but ftill they are almoll that Number, of which 15000 Englijhmen are able to bear Arms, and the Militia confifts of feveral Troops of Horfe and fevcn Regiments of Foot, making 7000 Men. The Way of living of both Mafters, Slaves and Servants here, is like that of the Barbados People, and the Form of Government the fame with theirs j but the Trade differs in forne Things, as in moft of their Dyer's Woods, which the Merchants of Barbados have not the Convenience of ex- porting. ■ The Bay of Campechc has been very beneficial to thofe of 'Jamaica^ fc . they are only at the Charge of cut- ting and carrying off the Wood, which comes generally to a good Market in England \ but tho Spaniards have done what they could 'o hinder that Trade, mfomuch that the Wood- cutters have been forced to have Guards, and fight for their Priz.e. The T.'ide from "Jamaica with the Spaniards confided chiefly in Negroes, Stuffs and other Englijh Manufadures. The Spaniards for fever.il Years were not permitted to deal with the EngHj^y but af'er the Revolution a Treaty of Com- merce was ccncliidpj between King fViiliam and King Charles, for their Dominions in America , and Sir James de C^Jilloy whom King iniliam had knighted, relided at 7^-- tnaKH 7^ Hiftory of Jamaica. 413 fnaica as Agent for the Spaniards^ to buy Negroes for them ind fl«p them for the Continent. The Advantages by this Traffick would have enriched our Nation had it lalled, and been carried on wifely and indulUioufly j but the War with france and Spain has interrupted all the Commerce between 'Jamaica and the Spanifl) JVeJi-lnditi^ which the Englijh can- not too much encourage. The other B'anches of the Jamaica Trade is the Cimc with that of Barbados^ and we mult refer the Reader to our Hiftory of thatlfland on this Article. Indigo and Piemento are the Commodities of this Country, and Cocao Nuts arc but a new Experiment at Barbados^ or elfe the Commodities of that Place and Jamaici are all one, and we muft enter upon needlefs Repetitions, if we pretended to give any particular Account of them. In the general, this Trade has the Advantage ot that of Barbadosj for it brings us in Bullion which is To much wanted at Home. Ja- mica is placed in the Center of the Spani/h Acquifitions in Jimtrica^ no Veilel can go to or come from the Continent or the Illands belonging to them, but they mutt necelTarily come in Sight of Jamaica^ or fall into the Hands of our Cruixers if we had enough Ships there, with brave and faith- ful Commanders to wait for them ; and 12 or 15 light Fri- gats would be fufficient, which the Benefit it would bring to us by Prizes, or the Inconveniencies it would put our Ene- mies to, would more than anfwer. Every Plate Fleet that comes from Carthajrena puts into Hifpanio/a, from whence they cannot fail to the Havana in Cuba, without pafling by one End or the other of Jamaica. The Havana is the Place of general Rendezvous for the fkta ; and the Importance of tin ir Jundtion there for their Security is cafily tobeimau'Ucd, which we could foon hinder, hy being Matters of th Seas about Jamaica. The Produdt of th^ iikud is generally the beil in its Kind of any in the hngi;(k Plantcitions. Their Sugar, Ginger, Cotton and Indigo* ire better than that of the Charibbee- Ijhnds'^ and there is Ground enough to fpare for the Inha- bitants to furnifh themfelves with Provifions of their own raifing, if they iid not think it worth their while to cultivate the Commodities for an European Market. All the Pro- vifiom and NecelTaries that are fent from England to the other Plantations are alfo fent to Jamaica j and there is con- ftantly employed in this Trade between 2 and 300 Sail of iiout Ships, and before the War there were many more. The Laws of Jamaica are very well collected in the A- jbridgment of the Plantation Laws, and the Natural Hiftory of ", ,, I' . '■') ■■■Jth •"J "Hi h- i'i 414 ^he Htflory of Jamaica. of the Country is publiflied by Dr. Bloan^ Secretary to tha Rff^al Societyy who has an Intereft in that liland, which with the Hiftory we have here faithfully related, will give the Cu- rious a fumcient Idea of it. But we xnuft here add fomething relating to the Country, Inhabitants, Trade, i^c, as it diSers now from our laft Account of it. Jamaica^ according to the lateft Obfervations and Surveys lies in 17 Degrees 40 Minutes North Latitude, 18 Leagues from Cuboy 24 from Hifpaniola^ fo that it is nearer thofc Iflands than England to Ireland^ except at the Extremities. No VefTel can go to or come from the Continent, but muft neceffarily fail within Sight of Jamaica or fall into the Hands of the Englijh, which fliews what Advantage it is, and may be to us in all Wars with Spain. 'Tis 160 Miles long, 55 broad, contains four Million of Acres, of which if one Million is patenteed, not 200000 Acres are planted. The liland is divided by a Ridge of Hills that run from Sea to Sea, and go by feveral Names in feveral Diftridts. In thdfe Mountains rife feveral Rivers not navigable but for Canoo^^ in which Sugars are carried to the Sea-fide and (hipped in Scooners and Sloops for Port-Royal and Kingjion, to be loaded Rivtrs. there for England-^ two of thefe Rivers run under Ground as the Mole in Surry, Rio Cobre in St. Thomas in the yale^ and Rio Pedro in the fame Parifli ; Rio Cohre runs under Ground nine Miles before it appears again ; Rio Pedro runs two Miles thro* a Mountain J Rio Pedro is 12 Miles from Spamjh' Towny Rio Cobre 22 Miles. It rifes in the Mountains called Monte Diabolo near Mr. Lord''& dwelling Houfe. The whole Ifland is very well watered, but in fome Places the Water it brackiih, and there the Rain Water is preferved. The Jamaica Hiftorian tells us, not one Part in three of the Ifland is inhabited, which I fear is a very modeft Account of its Settlement, for it contains fear Millions of Acres, and if i or 1 300000 Acres were inhabited, laid out and planted, and, as he fays, one Acre has product feveral Hogf- heads of Sugar, the Number of the Inhabitants and the ' Quantity of the Produd, would be more than ten Times as much as they really are now. Nor can we fuppofe that 1 00,000 HogQieads of Sugars are mzde here yearly as he in- forms us ; but as not a quarter Part of the Ifland is planted, and as Mr. Ajhley in his Account of Barbados afTures us, That and the Leeward- Ijlands can make twice the Quantity of | Sugars they do now produce j it is ftrange that a late Writ- er upon Trade fliould make fuch grievous Complaints of I our Want of Sugar Ground in our American Idands ^ that in I Jamaica Millions of Acres caanoc be laid to be worn out; having '^e Hiftory of Jamaica. having never been broke up; if that in Barbados is pretty vrell worn, a Planter there affures us, the Soil can produce twice as much as it does had it Hands to work it« by which it appears that we need not purchafe or conquer other Lands for the Sugar Growth, butfupply by Induftry and Oeconomy what is wanting for cultivating &nd manufadturing the Sugar Cane. There are in Jamaica fome large Savanasy where the /«- Hans planted their Maize and the Spaniards breed their Cat- |tlc; it is to be hoped the Jamaicans know as well as they how to improve them, and they might have Plenty of Cattle here, if breeding Cattle was as much minded as it deferves to be, confidering the many Months they have to feed, and how much I fre/h Provifions is for their own Health and their Servants. As the planted Part of this Ifland is the neareft to the Sea, I the Conveniency of its Navigation appears by the great Num- tiers of Bays all round it. 415 Port Royal. Port Morant. Old Harbour, Point Negril. Port Antonio. M'tchaiPs Hole. Alligator Pond. Point Pedro, Parattet Bay, Luana Bay. Blewfitld'^ Bay, Cabaretta Bay. Cold Harbour. Rio Novo. Montigo Bay. Orange Bay. And many others. 'Baft,, The Towns in this Ifland have little to be added to the for- Tomt. I mer Account of them. Port- Roy al^ which was the feireft and richeft Sea Port Town Porc-RoyaL {in America^ is by the Accidents mentioned in this Hiftory re- duced to a fmall Place, yet it ftill confifts of three handfom Streets and feveral crofs Lanes. It has a fine Church, an Holpital for difabled Seamen, and a Yard for the King's naval Stores and Ship Carpenters Work. It is guarded by one of the ftrongeft Forts in the Wefl-Indies^ mounted with 100 Guns, and garrifoned by regular Troops , the Harbour is one lof the beft in the World, 1000 Sail of Ships may ride there lind be fecure from every U^ind that can blow., always ex- Iceptinga Hurricane. The Receiver General, thQ naval Of' jctr, the Secretary or Deputy Secretary are ftill obliged to [keep their Offices here as well as at SpamJ/j-Town. No Build- ling is to be here within 30 Feet of high Water Mark, nor prcher Northward on the Harbour than Major Bacik's and ICapt, Suimmer's Houfes. Port- Royal is diftant from Spant/h- \^mn five Miles by Water and fix more by Land. It is a- bout i S,:.'';i «.;, r"i 111, •■ HIM i, . ■rfm ' l^ii(.|r•• iiiii'i%jffl,i 'f igfii!''' i m. :^^ IV' it 4i6 St- Js'io de la Vtf^a. ne Hijlory of Jamaica. bout fix Miles diftant from King/ion^ which was built after the great Earthquake had deftroyed Port-Royai, by a Plan of I Col. Chrijiian LiUy\ who is now or was very lately chief Engineer of this Ifland, whither he came with Col. Lillington near 50 Years before, no Proof this that the Air is unwhole- fom. By Col. Lillys Plan, this Town was to be a Mile long and half a Mile broad, laid out into little Squares by aofs Streets, and wants not much of the Extent Lilly intended it- here the inferior Courts fit. The Receiver General, naval\ Officer, Secretary and Surveyor, are obliged to have and at- tend Offices here. Here refidethe Merchants for the moftj Part finf e the Fall of Port-Royal, and here are moll of the Sugars fliipped off for England. It encreafes daily, and now mufter 10 Companies of Foot and two Troops of Horfe I about I ICO Men ; and fuppofing the Militia to be half of thcl Male Inhabitants of Age fit for Arms, this muft now be aj great Town of iioo or 1200 Houfes. It has one Church! with a poor burying Place, which is in this Ifland a very im- portant Appurtenance for Parifli. The Jews have two I Synagogues, and the fakers a Meeting-houfe. It is bound- ed by Port-Royal Harbour to the South Weft^ and to the| North by Lands patenteed by Sir William Beejion, and con- tinued to a Calabajh Tree on the North Eaji Corner, diredlw' to the Foot of the Long Mountain, and from thence to the! Bounds of the Parifli of Port-Royal. 'Tis 18 Miles froral thence to Spanijh-Town, 12 Miles by Sea and fix by Land;! it choofes three Members for the A(femhly. St. Jago de la Vega or Spanijh-Town is the Capital of Ja\ maica, and gave the Title of Duke to the Family of Colum' bus the Difcoverer of the New World, and this Ifland in par-l ticular. It was a large City in the Spaniards Time confiftingl of 2000 Houfes ; it has not now above 7 or 800, but they are! very good. The Governor refides here j here the Affemblyl hold their Seflion, as do alfo the grand Courts of Juftice.f It retains its Spanijh Name St. Jago de la Vega in all publick Deeds, is fituated in a fine pleafant Valley on the Banks oil the Rio Cobre^ being an inland Town ; the Trade is not con-j (iderable, but feveral wealthy Merchants and Gentlemen havel Houfes hae and live very gayly, as much like Men of Plea-^ fure as Bufinefs; Coaches and Chariots are perpetually plyingJ and a great Number of Gentlemen's are feen every where] Here are frequent Balls and Aflemblies, a Play-houfe and ; Company of Players: The Jamaica Writer aflures us, the are excellent Aiiors^ which is more than can juftly be (aid the beft Company now in England. The Governor's Houffj faces the Parade.^ one Part of it confifts of two Scones, I'he Hijiory of Jamaica. 4 1^ was rebuilt by the Duke of Portland. It has a curious Gar- den towards the IVe/i, which is generally kept in excellent Re- pair, though here is a great Negled of Garden Ground for the Culture, of which the Jamaicam feem to have no Tafte j and indeed where there is an eternal Spring, a perpetual Bloom and perpetual Green, there feems to be little Need of Gardening. The Church is a handfom Edifice and has in it a very good Organ. Here is alfo a Chapel where divine Service is performed. The Cuflom-houfe is a fmall Square Building abou-- 40 Feet each Way ; here the Chief Juftice, who is now 0/ was lately the worthy- £////, Efq; who has live afliftant Judges, their Seats are raifcd almolt 10 Feet from the Floor. The Provojl Marjhal, the mod beneficial Office in the Ifland next the Governor's, has a Chair placed for him on the right Hand of the Judges, and oppolice to them at a good Diilance are feated the Lawyers. The At- torney General has a large Chair placed for him in the Middle. TheHoufes are generally low, of one Story, with 5, 6 and fometimes more Rooms, being ufually lined and floored with Uahagony. Each has a Piaz2a afcended by Steps, which ferves for a Screen againft the Heat, and is commodious for taking the cool refrefhing Air. A few Houfes have two Stories, but that Way of Building is difapproved, as too much expofed to the Violence of Earthquakes and Hurricanes. The other Towi " this Ifland are inconfiderable j every rich well flocked P .. ' m is a Kind of little Town, and the Planc- tersBufincis J!> very inccnfiftent with a Town Life, which oc- cafions the Spread of People in all the Colonies except New- England^ where their Trade is beft carried on in Pore and Market Towns. Here are feen the Ruins of Sevllla and Orijlan, two pretty rew»/, large Towns in the 5/>flnwr^j Time; but the Ground where they and other Spanijh Towns flood, does in feveral Places now produce the Sugar Cane. At Bagnal's in the Parifli of St. Jnn's is begun a Town, but how it goes on we know not, and are doubtful of its Succefs. Free Town in the Parifli of St. David's, is another finall Place. Pajfage-Fort in St. Catharine's Parifli, confifts of about 50 Houfes, and is likely to encreafe in Trade and confe* quently in Buildings, it being the only Place for taking Boat to Port-Royal or Kingjlon. Col. Jack/on landed here with his Men from the Leeward-IJlands, when he took Sc. Jag9 in 1635. Ktm- v':'''"i'ii!iiiHiif Vol. II. £ e Carli/U ■:m 4i8 parkins* Tag. 29. ne Hijlory of Jamaica. CarliJJe in Vere Parifli, is another inconfiderable Village • a Fort was ereded here after the French Invalion in 1695 but it is already in Ruins. Tichfield a ftnall Town, fo called from the Durchefs of pfirtland'i Manor of Tichfield in HawpJJnre.y is near Port Antonio^ which has been fpoken of before. The Fort there is very regular, and has always a Captain* s Guard for its Defence. The prefent Diviiionof Jatnuica is into 10 Paii flies. prefent 1. Kingjlon. 2. Fort-Royal. 3. St. Catharine's, 4. St. Dorothy's, 5. Clarendon. 6. Vere. 7. St. Elizabeth* 8. Hanover, 9. IVeJimoreland. 10. St. George's, 11. St, Jamei's. 12. St. J fine's. 13. St. Marfs. 14. Portland. 15. St. Thomas in the Eajl. 16. St. David's. 17. St. Andrew's, 1-8. St. 7^/^"'s. . It;. St. Thomas in the Vale. Spanijh Town Church and Chapel are not in the Ja- maica Hiftorian's Lift, probably becaufe as it is the Cap'ral of the Ifland, itfhould not bcconfjunded with common Parifhes j but as the chief PrecinA, it fliould have been in the Cata- logue. We read in the late Hiftory of y/7»w/V^, that there is a Cujlos over the Parifhes, as Col. BLiir Cuftos of Spainjh- Town, Col. Campiftl of- St. Elizabeth's^ i^c. the Nature of the Office may be conjcdtured, but it is not defined. The Churches in the Town are generally in Fotm of a Crofs with a fmall Cupola^ the Walls pretty high. In that of St. Andrew's is an Organ^ the Churches in general arcL no better than fmall Houfes, fcarce, diflinguifliable from others. The Author adds, The Clergy trouble themfelves. little^ and the Church Doors are feldom opened. What Pity, it is, efpecially, confidering how many thoufand Pounds yearly the Jamaicans payfortheif Churches ^nd their Churchmen, This Complaint is general all over the Colonies, and I never met with one reafonable Word faid in Excufe of it. Little is to be added to our Hiftory of Jamaica concern- ing the Inhabitants and Trade, The Jamaica HiftorLin computes the Number of white Men. able to bear Arms at about 17000, and the Negroes at about 100000 Men, Wo- men and Children, and the white Men able to bear Arms, j being as he fays 17000, the Number of the whole may bej computed at between 50 and 60000, a fmall Computation j conftdering how long this I Hand has been in Britifi) Hands, and rable Village^ alien in 1695, farfs. md, wmas in the Eajl. kivid's. ndrew's, ohn.s. ^ homas in the Vale, not in ibe Ja- it is the Cap'ral of :omnion Parifhes j been in the Cata- frrwica^ that there Cuftos of Spanijh' fc. the Nature of lot defined. The Form of a Crofs J. In that of St. leral are. no better rom others. The ,vi. littky and the ity.it is, efpecially- ly. the Jamaicans This Complaint er met with one Jamaica ccncem- \amaua Hiftoruin le to bear Arms at [00000 Men, Wo- Iblc to bear Arms, ] the whole maybe fmall Computation in Brttift) Hands, and Tk Hifiory of jarmici, 415' afid how many Thoufands have trarifported thehifelvcs aiid been tranfported tl'jither finde the Year 155*^. The Publick Revei^Ues 6f the Ifland are reckoned 70000/ a Year. The Riches of particular Pcirlbns would be in- conceivable, if One could give Credit tb what the Jamaica Writer fays of Mr. Bedford otily, Pag. i6y. He ii iae richfji Subjeci in Europe, he hds twenty two Planiatiom in this Ijland^ and upiudrds if 1 206 Biases, his Afohey in the Banks and at Mortgages is reckoned at a Million and et half M the Author makes Ufe of Words at Letigth and not of^ Fi- gures, there can be no Miftake in tne fumming^ if there is not a prodigious One in the Fa<3:. He affures \is tfiat 500 3ail of Ships ^e now implojred here in the Sugaf Trade, eSch Ship carrying 2od Hogflieads v'bich Twells the l^roduce to rooooo Hoglhieads of Sugar yearly, which doubtlefs is another Excels in Compiitationj and mult be reduced to lefs tliah half. The Ajfiento or Agree- ir at for the ^oUih Sea Company's IjTegfo Trade to the $pu'.:ijh Weft'Indtes being now fuibetided', and not likely to be long continued without (uch Sulperifion, is not enlarged Od here : The Sale of 4006 Sbves yearly would be very profi- table to the Britijh Subje<5ts, was there any Security for the Returns. Among the other Produd!ts of this Tflahd, lisufl: iioW be reckoned Coffee^ of which good Quantities are already (hipped yearly fbf Erigland^ and probably it may produce enoi^gh in Time to anfwer more than the Britifn ConfumptiOn. It were to be Wiflied that the Affairs at Home did not make it ne- ceflary to load every Produft of our American Colonies with fuch high Duties, \o ruinous to Induftry and Commerce. It may not in this Place be improper to fay fomething of* the T'rade can^sd on by the Englijb at Jamaica^ with che Spaniards on the Contirierit, which is thus maiia^ed. The ^'•'"''/'^ow Merchant or Mafter of the Ship bound for this Voyage, ^^'i^Tthes^ ingfumifhedWitH a proper Cargo of dry Goods artd Negroes^mtrdsi commonly makes firft for the Coaft near the Harbour of Porto- Bello^ and in War Titne at the Groaf within Monky- Ke)f 420 tucf.ag The Hijlory of Jamaica. times five or fix Weeks trading with the Spaniards^ for after the firft Marlcet is pretty well over, the Dealers who have foon Information of her being on the Coaft, come from Panama over the Iflhmus to trade, travelling like Peafants, with Mules bearing their Silver in Jars, and if any of the King's Officers meet them nothing appears but Meal, which they pretend to be carrying to Parte- Bella. But for the moft Part they travel thro' Woods in Bye- Ways, for Fear of being difcovered by thofe Officers. When they have bought what Negroes and Goods their Money will purchafe, which they fell again up in the Country and get very well by it, the Goods are made up in little Packs fit for one Man to carry, an*^ *he Englijh fupply them with as much Provifions as will fer ;hem Home crofs the rflhmus to the South Sea^ for they coi at tar. An Englijh Ship lying between Chagre and Par/o AVy(?, a Signal was given her from the Caflle of Chagre^ and fhe anchored two Miles from it. The Spaniards came to her, and one Merchant bought 70 Negroes and a good Quan- tity of dry Goods, amounting to 3 or 4000 /. which was brought on Mules to the Water-fide, Part Gold and Part Sil- ver, from the Grout j the Englijh Ship failed to the Brew hear Carthagena^ where (he lay to trade with the Merchants of that City, from which it is about eight Miles diflant. The People of the Ifland Brew gave thefe Merchants Notice of her Arrival, and they came and traded as the others did at the Grout. . This trading Ship in about two Months difpofed of 150 Negroes and a good Cargo of dry Goods, by which probably the Proprietors cleared 2000/. more than Duld have been got in any other Market ; a plain Proof of the very great Advantage of this Trade between Jamaica i^nd New Spain, of which we fee the Spaniards are fo fond, that they run as great Hazards in buying the Merchandize, as the Englijh do in felling it to them. Something has already been faid of the Trade to the Bay of Campeachy, we muft now add a Word or two of that to the Bay of Honduras. This Bay has a very difficult Entrance, the Bar being two j or three Miles broad, with only 1 1 Feet Water. As foon as | a Ship is entered, Guns are fired to give the Logwood Cut- ter Notice of her Arrival, and they foon repair to her to I truck Wood for ftrong Liquors, as Madeira Wine, Rum, Spirits, Ozrnbrigs, Hats and Shoes, of which 40 Shillings the prime Coft, will buy a Ton of Logwood. The Sailors go 30 Miles up the River to fetch it out of the Lagunes or Creeks in CanooS: The Logwood Cutlers having pickec!| out a Spot of Ground well furnilhcd with Trees, build Hues orl The Hijlory of Jamaica. or rather Tents there of Ozinbrigst which they find to keep out the Flies beft, they being fadly peftered with many Sorts, all over that Coaji anci Country. They cut down the Trees, bark them, log them, and make them fit for fliipping. The Guarda la Cojla Ships often difturb the Logwood Traders both in this Bay and that of Qampeachy^ but there are often io many of them, that the Spaniards content themfelves with fpying them and leave them as they found them. Such Ships run great Danger both in and out of the Harbour, when the Guarda la Co/la is cruifing. This Logwood Trade and that of Campeachy is fo advantageous, and the Spaniards as we have feenhave fo little Right to thofc Bay? by Conqueft or Pbfleffion (as we have fliewn in the Hiftory of the Mufchetoes^ who plainly are the natural Lords of the Soil, and are very dcfirous the Englijh (hould have the Wood) that it is to be hoped the Spaniards by any future Treaty, fliall npt have »;.y Pretence left to difturb them in it. 421 kilr' . li;: '.t Trade to the Bay or two of that to ».;■; £e5 THE ':;ifci [ 422 1 '.«• "■ :..i THE HISTORY PF THE Ille of Providence, CONTAINING ^n Account of its Difcovery, Settlement, Cli- mate, Soil, and all Events relating to ir, to the prefent Times. THIS Ifland is chief of ihofe called the Bahama- IJlands^ and notwithftanding that Charadter is fo inconfiderable in itfelf, that it had been well if it had never been difcovered j for all the Advantage the Inhabitants can pretend it is to England or the other Co- lonies is, that it lies convenient for IVrech j by which they mean to fave fuch as are driven aihore there, and for Ships forced thither by Sirefs of Weather: And it being feme Hundreds of Miles out of any Ship's regular Courfe, to or firom any of our Colonies and England^ it is certain we had pever loft any Thing by it had it never been heard of. The Ifland called Providence was difcovered by Capt. William Sayle, who was afterwards Governor of Carolina. Jlewas driven thither by a Storm, as he was on a Voyage to the Continent : From him it had the Name of Sayh's Illand. This Adventurer returning to England about the Year j,(J^7, gave his Employers, the Pyonrietaries of Carolina, an ' ■ ^ 1 Account ^bc Hijlory of Providence. Account of his Difcovery, and they procured a Grant for this and nil the Bahama- IJlands to themfelves, their Fleirs, {jfi-. The Excent of their Grant reaches from 22 to 27 De- grees N. L. All the Proprietaries of Carolina were not con- cerned in the Grant of Provtdencei but all the Proprietaries of Providence were interefled in that of Carolina. They were fix in Number, and continue lb to this Day. Their Names and Titles were, Giorge, Duke of Albemarle. Anthony^ Lord Ajliley^ WWl'tam^ Lord Craven, And Sir George Cartsret. Sir Peter Colliton. 'John^ Lord Btrkley, Whofc Heirs and Aflignees enjoy it at this Time. Providence Ifland lies in the Center of 4 or 500 Iflands, fome of them 160 Miles in Length ; others no bigger than Knolls or little Rocks, rifing above Water ; fo that one may imagine, it muft be very dangerous for Ships to be forced a- mong them, in Tempefts. The moft confiderable Profit made by the Inhabitants of Provide 'ice, was by the Misfortune of poor Adventurers j either fuch as were (hipwreckcd, or fudi as in a Winter- Voyage for the Continent of America, were driven to the Bahama- IJlands y and put into Providince for Provifions • which, after they had lain a long while beating off the Iflands, they ufed to be in great Diftrefs for Want of. 'Tis true, this Illand had little er none but what eame from Carolina, how- ever, the Traders here kept Store-Houfes to fupply thofe that wanted, and they were a great Relief to the unfortunate Ma- riners of whom we are fpeaking. As for Wrecks, the People of Providence, Harbour-7/land and Elettthera, dealt in them as it is faid the good Men of Sujfex do : All that came afliore was Prize, and if a Sailor had, by better Luck than the reft, got afliore as well as his Wreck, he was not fure of getting off again as well. This perhaps is Scandal, but it is moft notorious, that the Inhabi- tants looked upon every Thing they could get out of a Caft- away Ship as their own, and were not at any Trouble to en- quire after the Owners. The Ifle of Providence lies in 25 Degrees N. L. is 28 Miles long, and 1 1 Miles broad where it is broadeft. It had the Name of Providence given it by Capt. Sayle, after he had been a fecond Time driven upon it, wh^n he was hound for the Contimnt* £e4, Th^ 423 I ;,!;.'?: I< >■'(""( WX:\\ ■,;i';i'l;ifi' '•1%!, ii ir. » '.I III i.'i'^fi, /I'rl^.iti I ' Mm Mi im !!«i ;* •• nil W /". fior \ '■ 'M ^24 W^ Hi/lory of Providence. The fir ft Governor that was fcnc thither by the Proprie. chl- tancs, was Chillingworthy Elqj The Time of hij I "RwoTtti, going there wc cannot be certain in ; it is probable it vva.s ^/^/' <^''"-'''' about the Year 1672. Several People went from AV/,/,,,/ and the oihcr Colonics to Icttie there, and living a lewd H- centious Sort of Life, they were impatient under (Jovcnj. pncnr. Mr. Cbiil'ingvjorth could not bring thcni to Rcafou; They aU'embled tumukuoufly, ftizcd him, Ihipped liim oif for 'famalca^ and lived every Man as he [hougl\t belt fur liij Picafure and Intereii:. The Proprietaries found they had an unruly Colony to deal with, and it was a very fmall Encouragement for any one to put himlclf into their Hands, afccr the Treatment Mr. V,h\l- lirgworth met with from rhem: However, iix or feven Year;) afccr he was fcnt away, the Lords Proprietaries made - Chvk, 67^;/', Efq; Governor, whofc Fate was worfc (fill than lii, ^^V ""'"''" Prcdecctlbr'sj tor the Spaniards 50 Years ago, being jcaloii;) of every new Colony of the Englijh towards the South, came upon them in the Ifle of Providence^ deftroyed all their Stock, which they could not or would not carry off, and took the Governor away with them in Chains, havin|» Iniriu the lew Cottages that were upon the Place. The Inhabi- tants deferted it after this, and removed to other Colonies. Mr. Trotj one of Governor Clark's Succeflbrs, informed the Writer of this Relation, that the Spaniards roaited Mr. Cltirk on a Spit after they had killed him ; but perhaps that is faid to encreafe the Terror of the Story, and mi{^ht do better in a Poem than a Hijlory. 'Tis certain they killed him, snd thar after this Invafion the Ifland was uninhabited till i- bour the Time of the Revolution, when feveral Perf(jns re- moved thither from Europe and the Continent-^ among whom was Mr. Thomas Bulkley^ who has printed a large Account uf his Sufferings there, during the arbitrary Government of one Cadivallcfder Jonts^ whom the Lord Proprietaries made Go- vernor upon this fecond Settlement of Providence in the Year 1690. He arrived there the 19th of June^ and was received by all the Inhabitants with the Refped: due* to hi;, ^ f-'rt/ to Quality : But fays Bulkely, he foon difcovered the JVtahitj] <.xuT,p. 1. of his yudgment^ the Wicktdnefs of his Inclination^ and Im DiJaffe£tion to his Majejifs Perfon and Qovernment : For ihc Proprietaries of Carolina have not been unhappy in the Choice of their Governors in that Province only, My Au- thor writes pf this Jones, That all his vile Pradtices were pa- ^ tiem/y born by the People^ till they became Jo numerous and hi' noui as to be intolerable. tif: fr,".cs O'overifor, fag. 10 The mt'^ atTiOng whom The Tlijlory of Providence. The Inhabitants groaning under the OpprefTion of this Governor, lived in an abominable Slavery ; and that the Kcader may form an Idea of the Tyranny of Governors in I'roprictary Governments, we Ihill report fome of the molt material Oinics this Perfon was guilty of ; and it is Pity his Hillory is not an Example of Tenor, to all luch as under his Charadter commit the lame Outrages againll Rcalon, Juf- licc, and Virtue. lie endeavoured to ercil and maintain in hit-nfflf an abfo- lutc unlimited Power, to govern according to his Will and Flcafure. He aflu-.ied royal Prerogatives, and arrogantly ufcd the royal Stile. He confer'd Honours', and inveited ihcPerfons ib dignified by him, with the Privileges of the Peers of England. He pardoned capital Offenders, feized :hc publick Trcafure, wafted and converted it to his own Ufc. He negledted the Defence of the Kland, inibezzled ihc Stores of Powder, converted the Lords Proprietaries Royalties to his own Ufc, invited the Pirates to come to the Fort. He refufed to take the Oaths to King IFilliam and ind Qiteen Mary at his Entrance into his Orfice, when one of the Lords Proprietaries Deputies tendered them to him. In a Speech he made io the People he declared. He would kvf a free Trade^ and not ling to Jo with the King''s damned Officers. He intercepted Letters without Caufe, put the moll il^norant, indigent and vicious Perfons into th« greateft Of- fices of Honour, Power, and Truft. He highly carelled [hofc Pirates that came to Providence. He arbitrarily im- pelled Fines on feveral Perfons ; he confticuted himfclf De- puty to the Chief of the Lords Proprietaries, Treafurer, Provolt-Marflial, and chief Secretary of the Piovince, and put his own Creatures into thole Places under hirn. He com- monly imprifoncd Perfons without Caufe or Warrant. He denied to grant Writs of Proccfs at Law, when defired a- gainft his Favourites, who were ufually the vili'/i of the Peo- ple. He refufed to profccute one of them, who had fiolii \\ great Guns belonging to Neiu Providence. He pardoned and difcharged Pirates without Trial. He gave Commillions to Pirates without, and contrary to the Advice of the Coun- cil. By Colour of one of thefe Commiffiom (according to Mr. BulUey's Narrative) a Ship belonging to Bermudas, being in Pcnfylvania River was piratically taken^ and had been carried mt to Sea, if fome of the People of that Place had not gone out armed after the Pirates^ and forcibly recovered the Veffel from thi/tiy they jufiifying their Fillainy by their Commiffion and In- Jlruil ions from the fqid Jones. 425 I 'i.k mm m ■Am He if- 426 Aiii^c/ Pre The Hi/lory of Providence. He wilfully ncglctacd to call a Gencrtl AfTembly, till fix Months after the Time appointed by the Lords Proprietaries Inftrudtions, and governed by Orders of a Jundlo, which he imperioufly commanded the Allcmbly to pafs into Laws. While that AlTcmbly was iitring, he dire«Slcd his Son who was Captain of a Ship in the Port, to lay her (o as to brin<» all her Guns to bear upon the Houfc where the General Af-I fcmbly WIS fitting. He abruptly diflblved them, while Mat- i tcrs of the greareft Importance to the Province were depend. ing. He confpired with his Creatures and Pirates, to banilh Ibme of the mod virtuous and uCeful Inhabitants, without] lawful Caufe or Trial. He faid, it was high Trealbn to lignl a Petition for the fitting of a General Allembly: In which' one tnay fee, how petty Plebeian Tyrants aprec with the ib- vercign imperial ones, in their Dread of Parliaments. 'J'hefe and many more flagitious Pradtices, are recorded | by Rulkley againft J ones -^ and the People being no longer able to bear with him, Mr. Buliley who was then Deputy I Secretary, exhibited a Charge of High Treafon againll him, upon which he was feiied and imprifoned. i'he Government devolved upon the Council, and they I declared Mr. Gilbert Ajhley Prefidenr, putting out a Proda- . ination, requiring all the Inhabitants of the Bahama- IjlandA to yield their ready Obedience to the faid Prefident. This Proclamation was dated the 2+th of January 1(^92, and ligncd by two Deputies of the Lords Proprietaries, and five | Allembly Men, who were alfoCounfellorsj viz. by Col. Bozuen Clatv/ony *fhojntis Comber^ Efqj Mr, Nicholas Spencer, Mr. Thomas Hi^ginbatham, Mr. Ifrael J ones , Mr. y^hn ij^le, Mr. George Dumarifque^ J Deputies. Aflembly-Mert. y*«« being thus confined, himfelr and his Friends were alarmed, knowing the Inveteracy of the Accufer, and bu: too well the Guilt of the Accufed, The Governor dcfiredl the Council to permit him to go to Mr. Bulkley's Houfe, and try if he could prevail with him to withdraw his Accufation. He was permitted j and coming to him, prortiifed to reftore| him to all the Offices he bad taken from him, to make Repa- ration of the Damage he had done him, to govern according! to his Diredions, nor do any Thing of a publick Nature without his Advice. After | nee. 1 AfTembly, till f,, lOrds Proprietaries Junfto, which he 3 pafs into Laws. Sled his Son who her (b as to brin<» : the General Af- thctn, while Mat- inee were dcpetid. Pirates, to banilh| (habitants, without ^h Treaibn to lign lembly: In which] aprec with the Ib- 'arliaments. ices, are recorded I le being no longer was then Deputy! reafon again U him, Council, and they tting out a I'rocla- he Bah(itna-ipandi\ d Prefident. This anuary 1692, and prieiaries, and iivc ■s; vtz. by •Men. ^he Hi ft or)' of Providence. After much Difcourfc, Buliley replied. He flmild have Imvn In due Tit^e^ the 7hin^s that belotiged to his evjti and [ ibt publick Peace and Prcjperity, hut nitv it was too late : fhat his Bufmtfs "Mas to make the bajl Preparatii^n he could^ U) clear himfelf of the Ixovy Charge that lay againjl him-^ i^hich if hi could do, it tuould be for his Ilmour as welt as lidfttyy and the Law would give him /Advantage enough againjl his Acufer, who neither expcSled nor de fired cny Favour from liim infuch a Cafe. BulkUy added, he Jhould incur Mifprifton c/ Treafon, by complying with his Difires. fonts anlwcred, \\V{\lyou have my HearVs Blood? The Accufaiion againft the late Governor was publlHied, land Mr. BulkUy bound in ^00 /. Bond to profecutc him. Buc Vlones refolvcd to fave them that Trouble j and to ufe the Words of his Accufer, fotne df per ate liogues^ Pirates and iihirs, gathered together an ignorant /editions Rabble, who on Ikzjfh tf February 1^92, with force cf Jrms re/cued the Gmrnorj proclaimed him again, (tnd nfiored him '0 thi Ixerci/e of his defpotick Power. Jow It WM Bulkley's turn to fuflPer. Whether guilty or not guilty, was not the Q.ucftion ? He was devoted to I'er' fecution ; and the fame armed Rabble going to his Houfc fcizcd him, fhut him up in aclofe dark Confinement, threat- ened him with the Torture, and forced him to deliver all the Books having any Relation to his Office of Deputy- I Secretary. The Leaders of this Rabble were. 427 Daniel Jackfon, Thomas fVake. Thomas Witter. Martin Cock. Robert BoUm. LancelUt Lawfin, fTtlliam Smith. Charles iVainivright, Samuel Coverley. Samuel Dunfcomb. Richard Carpenter. fofias Ap Owen. Blackden Docden, And .1^^ 4 'h%A d his Friends were ; Accufer, and bu: Governor dcfired ?i//i/fy's Houfe, and raw his Accufation. jromifed to reftore| im, to make Reps- o govern according I (f a publick Nature After Nathanitl Sheplierdfon, who was a Rebel to King TfUlliam, lliaving ferv^ bis Enemies ag^ainfl his Subje(Sls and ihared in the Booty the French took from the Engl'i/h -, of which he was hccufed by two Witneffes, yet Jones permitted him to retide mProvidence, to take a Man's Wife there, and live in open lAdultery with her, if Mr. Bulkhy may be credited. He was lone of this GoN-ernor's Confidents, and a main Inftruinent lof his Tyranny, as was alfo Bartholomew M^ rcier-, a French' \mn\ by whom BulkUy and his Wife were inhumanly ufed, I infomuch 428 I'he Hijlory of Vxovi^tncc, infomiich that the latter dying fhortly after, declared folemn. Jy on her Death-Bed before feveral WitnefTes, and fignedai Declaration to the fame Purpofe, that Cadwallader Jom^ Alartin Cock, Bartholomew Mercier, Thomas Cumber, Robert \ Bolf-sn and others, were the Occafion of her Death. John Graves arriving from England forae Months afrcrj Mr. S////(/95, the Winchefler Man of War coming I from Jamaica in Company with other Ships, drove oiJ and on between the Bahama Shoals and Cape Florida^ and had the Misfortune to run afhore on the Rocks called the Martiers^ lying to the Southward of that Cape. There never was a Man of War at Providnnce, unlefs A- I wr/s the Pirate's Ship may be reckoned one, for it carried 46 Guns, and coming at a Time when the Inhabitants were in an ill State of Defence, it was to no Purpofe for them to Hand out againfthim. But by the Character we have had of the People of Providence., we cannot think that Pirate who I was very rich, was unwelcome to them. iVlr. Jroit affured the Author, there were but 70 Men at [that Time upon the Ifland both able and difable, and Avery had 100 asftout Men aboard as ever hefaw. If lb, no Re- fiftance the Governor could make, could be fuppofed to be llrong enough to prevent the Pirate's beating down the Town, and taking that by Force, which when he was rc- jceived as a Friend he paid for, and gave very good Rates to. Thus we fee in what the Trade of this Place chiefly con- Ififted, and who frequented it moft. 'Twas very unfortunate that there (hould be only 70 Men upon the Ifland at that Time, when a little before and a little after there were 200 Men, which was the greateH Number that could ever be Imuftered in the Bahama-IJJands : For befides Providence^ I there are Settlements on Harbour-Ijland znd Eleuthera. Har- hur-Ifiand is fo called from the Goodnefs of the Harbour. Tis 20 Leagues from Providence^ and has about 20 Houfes [upon it. Eleuthera is nearer, but has not fo many Houfes. Soipecimes there are two or three Families on fome of the I other Iflands. The Inhabitants of thefe Iflands, on Eleflions of Aflcm- y-Men and other publick Occaflons, go to Najfau in Pre- hidme to give their Votes. The Aflembly confifted of 20 I Members, chofen by the Inhabitants of all the Iflands met |togecher for ih.it Purpofe ^ for the Province not being divided into y, !lli!i| lite '^^'.W'U ■ \<- ' i-'itSllli' ul! -\% ifiiili mmsi 430 ^he Hifiory of Providence. into Precin£is, they had no other Way of choofing their Re- prefenratives. The Fort which Mr. Trott built, was fuch a Security in hi^ Time to the IJland^ that tho' the French landed feverall Times, they could make nothing of their Defcent- but the Governor was fo hard put to it for Want of Men, that hal^ the People was always upon the Guard at a Time, and Duty was fo long and came about fo faft, the Inhabitanrs were tf.r- ribly fatigued. The French made feveral Attempts in thi^ Governor's Time, but were unlLiccefsful in all of them. Mr. Trott continued in his Government till .he Yeari x597, at which Time the Lords Proprietaries nominated Nicholas Nicholas Webh^ Efq; Governor of the Bahama-'Ijlands^ and Go**''/ w^"'' ^^"8 l^iUiam was pleafed in Council to approve of their Nomination: By which we perceive his Majefty's Appraba- don was then thought necelTary, TheOaths appointed by the A6^s of Trade and Navigation I faff, to be taken by the refpedtive Governors of his Majefty'? Plantations, were tendered to Mr. IVeb at the Council BoardJ and having taken them, he had the Honour to kifs his Majel- ty's Hand. There happened nothing memorable in this Governor'! Time: The Peace in Europe prevented Wars in J.nerica-. Wreck&and Pirates wwe the only Hope of Providence^ therq being no Produd to trade with except Brajt/etio Wood and Salt. At Xuma in this Ifland, great Qjancities of Salt werd made, which the People ej^orted to the Continent and ochei' lilands. Carolina being the neareft Colony to this, the People of Providence traded moft thither. 'Tis about a Week's Sail to Carolina^ and i o Day« Sail back, becaufe of the ftrong Cur- rent in the Gulph of Florida. One would wonder why this Place fhouldnot produce Provifions fufficient for loooSoul!; and more there never were there, (ince we have been told byj a Gentleman who was Govanor of Providence^ that Pealq came up in fix Weeks Time, and Indian Corn in 12. When this Ifland was in its moft flourifhing ConditionJ there were 3 or 400 Blacks upon it ; and Mr. Lightwood at-] tempted 10 fet up a Sugar-Work, which he brought to fomel Pertedion, the Soil being fertile but Ihallow. He built Sugar-Mill, and others were preparing to follow his Example^L when tha French and Spaniards put an End to all their Projcdsj Lowtb. Vol. There have been Whales found dead on the Shore' here,] II. p. 8+f. y;jth a Sperm all over their Bodies j but my Authqr who had been upon the Place writes, he could never hear of any oil that Sort that were killed by any^ fueh is their FicrcenefiJ )€rcent: but the 2^^ Hiftory of Providence. 431 Ijnd Swiftnefs. One fuch Whale is worth many Hundred pounds. They are very ftrong, and in-laid with Sinews all lover their Body, which may bedriiwnout 30 Fathom long. The Fifh at ProvicUnce are many of them poifonous, ii)ij. [bringing a grenc Pain on the Joints of thofe that eat them, li'hich continues fo for fome fliort Time, and at laft with two |cr three Days itching the Pain is rub'd off. Thole of* the jlsine Species, Size, bhape, Colour, and Tafte are one of |i!iein Poifon, the other not in the leaft hurtful ; and thoie are, are only fo to fome of the Company. The Dif- iiemper never grows mortal to Men, Dogs and Cats are jfometimes killed by it. In Men that have once had that T>'iC- j, upon the firft eating of Fifli tho' it be thofe that arc Iffholefom, the poifonous Ferment in their Body is revived by jit, and their Pain encrealed. Mr. Richard Stafford^ whom we have mentioned in our [Account of the Bermudas- IJIandi fays, in fome Obfervations lof his communicated to the Royal Society. Many rare mngs might, be difcovered in New Providence, if the People mre hut encouraged. 'Tis /lored with Variety of Fifli and Iftw/, and with divers Sorts of Trees and other Plants^ whofe \alities arcmt yet known. ^ Awbergreafe has been found here, but in no great Quan- lotiesj and the Inhabitants were never in a very thriving ICondition. The Governors talked as big as if they had been Vice- ioys of Peru ; they told every^ one they had Power of Life lind Limb, and could not bear to be thought dependent on lilie Government of Carolina., tho' it looked fomething like li: For the Proprietaries ufed, when any Difference hap- Ifened between the People of Providerue and their Gover- Iwr, to fend Orders to the Governor of Carolina to infpedfc IMatrers, and order them as they fhould think moll con- Itenient. Here were Courts of Juftice of all Denominations, as in ftpninjler-hall^ and the Inhabitants were fo litigious, that lota Buroughin Cornwall could compare with them; which |is the more amazing, becaufe they had not much to quarrel ior or to fpare for Law. To Mr. Pf^eh fucceeded Elias Hajket., Efq; in the Go- EiiasHar- kriiment of the Bahama-Ijlands^ about the Year 1700. kct, ufcn ■le found an unruly People, and they were the more fo, for ^'>'''">""^' b Wrecks had happened lately, and the Pirates began to fpcnd their Money ellewhere. Whatever was the Occalion, pe Inhabitants were in a little Time fo out of Humour with k Hajket^ that they feized him, put him in Irons and fenc I'.iML'iir' ■mm lii (villi '"mM 432 ^he Hijiory of Providence. fent him away, taking upon them to choofe a Governor for I Eiije Lighr. themfelves ; and that Choice fell on Ellis Lightwood^ Elq; wood, EPi,\n whole Time the Settlements were dcftroyed ; For in Jutj\ Cevermr. 1703, the Spaniards and French from Petit Guaves landed, furpriz-ed the Fort, took the Governor Prifoner, plundered and ft ripped the Engiijl^ burnt the Town of Najf'au all but Mr. Lightwood\ Houfe, together v/ith the Church, fpoilt the Fort and nailed up the Guns. They carried off the Go. vernor and about half the Blacks. The reft faved them- felves in the Woods: But in Otlober they came again, and| picked up moft of the Remainder of the Negroes. Mr. L'ighiwood having procured his Liberty by Exchange! or Ranfom, came to Carolina^ and going off thence in a| Veffel on "ome Adventure was never fince heard of. The Er^lij!) Inhabitants of the Bahama's after this fecondl Invafion, thought it in vain to ftay longer^ fo they removedl fome to Carolina^ fome to Virginia^ and fome to New\ England. Birch, The Proprietaries however appointed Birck^ Efqv Ep}i Cover- x,o go over Govemor of Providence -^ who not hearing thacj the Inhabitants had deferted the Ifland went thither, but find-j ing it a Defert, he did not give himfelf the Trouble to open his Commiffion. He tarried there two or three Months,! and was all that while forced to fleep in the Woods, Afterj which he came back, and left the Place uninhabited, as it re^ mains at prefent: But it is expedled, that as foon as the Go-j vernment of the Ifland is fettled, and Meafures taken to de- fend it, the Wrecks and other Advantages will tempt People to venture upon a third Settlement. There was a Projed on Foot, warmly foUicited by John Graves^ one of Bulklefs Perfecutors, to get the Nomination of the Governor out of the Hands of the Proprietaries. We lliall fee how it was effeded. »«r The Proprietaries then were, J-rilliam^ Lord Craven, Palatine of the Ifland of Pro- vide nee, &c. Henry, Duke of Beaufort. William, Lord Berkley. 'John, Lord Carteret. The Honourable Maurice Ajhley, Efq; Sir John CoUiton, Baronet. Til o not hearing thai:! le Ifland of Pro- Tlfe Hiftory of Providence. 433 Thi« and the other Bahama-IJIands were looked upon to be fo nccefTary for the Security of our Trade in the PFeJi- Jndles, that the Parliament of England have not thought it unworthy of their Care, as well to have it cleared of Pirates, I as to defend it againft both Spaniards and French, who find its Situation very convenient to annoy or befriend their Com- merce. In Queen Anneh War, both Spaniards and French overrun and plundered the Bahama-JJlands twice, upon which in March 17 14, at a Time when the Adminiftration I in England was in the Hands of thofe who had not its In- icreft, efpecially as tb Commerce, very much at Heart. Yet the Houfeof Lords addrefled her Majefty, that the Ifland of Providence might be put into a Pofture of Defence. Their Lordlhips obferving, // would be of fatal Confequence^ if the ^ihzmi'liimds/houldfaU into ihe'Hands of an Enemy. They therefore humbly pray her Majefty to take the faid Iflands into her own Hands, and give fuch Order for their Security li in her royal Wifdom fhe fliould think fit. But nothing was done, and for the future Guidance of fuch as have it in their Power to do good Offices for our American Colonies, it is not improper to remember, that their Lordfliips four Years after took Notice of that Negled, in an Addrefs to bis late Majefty King George. There were not any the leajl Means ufed in Compliance with that Advice for fecuring the Bahama-Iflands, and that then the Pirates had a Lodgment with a Battery on Harbour-Ifland, and thtxt the ufual Retreat and general-Receptacle for the Pirates are at Providence. Here- upon his Majefty was pleafed to give Diredions for diflodging thefe Pirates, and make Settlements and a Fortification for its I Security and Defence. Purfuant to this Addrefs, Capt. JVoodei Rogers was appointed Captain I Governor, the fame Perfon which went with the Duke andj'°°''^^ Dutchefs of Briflolx.0 the South Sea and made a profperous^^"''" Voyage eight Years before. He failed for Providence in April 17 1 8, taking with him a naval Force for fubduing the Pirates. In the mean Time Col. Bennet Governor of Bermudas fenc I I Sloop to that Ifland, requiring them to furrender themfelves purfuant to the late Proclamation. The Pirates who were then on the Ifland very gladly accepted of the Mercy offered them thereby, and promifed to furrender themfelves as foon as they could get PafTage to the EngUJh Colonies, adding they did not doubt but their Fellows, who were at Sea, would gladly do the fame after their Example; accordingly Captain \ Henry J innings and 15 others, immediately followed the moi^ io Bernudas and furrendered themfelves, and Captain \UjliemA Captaio NichQk with a good Number of their Pl- yoL.II, Ff rates, lii ,i:i.!'i ■l!;i'll'i '' 'Mi 11' ;l|. i'» 'i I ;iV'1 u m P8i ;i|N!|lf tik.: i'pii' 434 \ ^- *■ ■".,- 'v, ■■; 1'"* % i ,v 1? (•*. *■ - ■ ( m |B: i:^ 4 i' %'^: K ■; ■ f.ii ? . '%f Jt' ^^' 1 ~ ^ ) k- t " > ■ •? m ! : ■"■ 75&^ H/y?ory of Providence. rates, fent Word that they would alfo furrender. The aboye- mentioned Proclamation was brought hither by Capt. Peert m the Phenix Frigate, lately Rationed at New-Tori. Be- {ides the above, furrcndered Capt. Hornigoldy Capt. Burgts^ and in the Vv l>ole as many of their Men as amounted to 1 14,, which were ^ollowed by many more; however Piracy was not fuppreffed, nor did fVoodes Rogers anfwer the Exp^tions of thoie that employed him, tho' at his Arrival here he feemed very Mftlous in the Service he was fent for* He arrived at N?*• efliipj : s burn the Ro/e Frigate vfh.kh came with Woodes Rogers-, aiid indeed the Ro/k would h^ve been in great Danger, had (lie not got oft in Inne by cutting her Cables. But Fane's bold and rafli Attempt could not have fecured him, f?r beidesiiiC Jii)fe there were at Hand the Milford Man of Wai _, and the — 1- aboard which was the Governor > theiew :? foon after feen ftanding in for the Harbour oiNaJfau, apon which i^ant and ^bout 50 of his Men made off in a Sloop. TheGover- iior icKit a Sloop with fufficient Force after them, but the pirttcs gat ofF, and the Milford and the ran aground coming into the Harbour, which Ihews its Entrance to be very dangerous, or the Pilot very ignorjuitor carelefs; one of the King's Ships being under his. Pilotage, and aboard the " I ^ a Navigator, who ten Years before had rounded the World J as did Sir Francis Drake. The 27th of Julyt Mr. Woodes Rogers came aHiore, took PofTeHion of the Fort, and caufed his Majefty's Comnaiflion I to be read in Prefence of the Officers, Soldiers and about 300 Peo{^e, whom he found there at his Arrival, which had been almoft daily exercifed in Arms for their Defence, in Cafe of Attack by Spaniards or French. As for the Pirates, they were not in fo great Fear of them, moil of them having been themfelves of the Fraternity who bad furrendered and made their Peace with the Government, ff^oodes Rogertl broOght with him above 1 00 Soldiers, and this joint Force,! which was and might eafily have been ftill farther recruited,! was fufficient to fecure the Bahanui'Jftands agaioft any £n-| terprizes of the French and Spaniards, Mr. Rogers fet himfelf to regulate the Government, andl reftore Order in it which had been n^leded feveral Yearsl ^{k. Of the Adventurers who came with him, fix were nol mioaced to be of the Council, as were aUb fix of the Ini habittntsl ' Th Hiftory rf Providence. fiaHtants who had never been Pirates themfelyes, but one cannot conceive that in a Place where thofe Robbers were almoft always Mailers and always welcome, that any one of the Inhabitants had not rendered himfelf criminal in the Eye of the Law. Thefe Counfellors are di{lingui(hed from tha new Comers by the Italick Chara^er. The Governor and Council of the Babama-IJlands in the Year 171^. Qz.^tzmtyoodss Rogers, GovtxtiOt. Counfellors. Mr. Robert Beauchamp. Mr. William Fairfax. Mr. Wingate Gale. Mr. George Hooper. Mr. Chriftopher Gale. Mr. Thomas Walker. Mr. Nathaniel Taylor, Mr. Richard Thompfon. Mr. Edward Holmes. Mr. Thomas Barnard. Mr. Thomas Spencer, Mr. Samuel JVatkins, 435 M ''ill Judge of the Admiralty Mr. IFtlliam Fairfax. Captain of the Independent Company, Capt. Woodes Rogers, Collcdlor of the Cuftoms, Mr. John Graves. Secretary Mr. Richard Beauchamp. Chief Jufliceand Regifter, Mr. Chriftopher Gale. Provolt Marflial, Mr. William Watkins. Naval Officer, Mr. George Hooper. Thefe Officers had their Powers from England diredtly. As foon as the Governor and Council had fettled their Board, about 200 of thofe that had been Pirates furrendered ihemfelves to them, had Certificates of their Surrender, and took the Oaths of Allegiance, as did voluntarily the greateft Part of the Inhabitants of Providence-^ where in a few Years after, were computed to be near 1500 Souls. Out of thefe are formed three Companies of Militia, under Officers of their own liland. Thefe Companies take their Turn every Night in the Town Guard at Najfau, and the inde- pendent Company are always upon Duty in the Fort here, and another of ei^t Guns ereded at the Eaftermoft En- trance into the Harbour. There is or was lately a Guard Ship in the Road well provided for Defence. If there is Deficiency in any of thefe Articles, every one of which is Qt this Uft Imooruace. the coaceroed wiU doubtlefs take Ffz Care ill!'; mm ,, ir' i| 4^6 The Hiftory of Providence. Care to have it amended. The Inhabi'-ants did not only fet their Negroes at Work upon the Repairs of Fort Najfau and the ereding the other at the Harbour Mouth, but worked alfo themfelves upon the Forts and clearing the Ground within Gun-fliot from Brufhwood and Shrubs, as alfo paiifading the faid Forts which arc or were in good Condition and very deteniible. The Number of Houfes arc incrcafcd according to that of the Inhabitants, and are computed at near 300 m the Town of Naffau. There are here great Convenience for Building, as Scone, 1-ime and Timber in Plenty; neither would there be any Want of Bread, the Soil being very produdii z of Corn was it well cultivated, nor of frefli Provifions if the Inhabitants will by their Indullry anfwer the Bounty of Nature. At Eleuthera-ljland are now about Co Families. Here is a Company of Militia formed out of the Inhabitants, under . Command of Mr. Holmes as Deputy Governor. At Harbour-IJland are about 70 Families and a like Company of Militia, under the Government of Mr. Thompfon^ both thefe Governottf being at their Eftabliihment Members of the Council of Pryruidence. In each of thefe Iflands is a fraall Fort of fiir or eight Guns. As a Proof of the'ltiong Propenfity of the People of this Idand, to make their Market by Piracy, we mult add, that Vane the Pirate before- mentioned, after his Efcape from Prc- videtice, took two good Prizes belonging to Carolina. A Merchant of Najfau^ as he is called, having obtained Leave of the Governor to go a Turtling, went in a Sloop under that Pretence to trade with Vane, and accordingly traded with that Pirate J in queft of whom was fent from this Harbour Capt. Hornigold before-mentioned, who had been a Pirate himfelf : He found Vane too ftrong for him, but he met with and took the Turtling Slooip, and the Merch<'nt*sillicite Trade being plainly proved, he was fent in Chains to England. We have mentioned that the Propriety of this and the Ba- hama-IJIands was in the Proprietaries of Carolina, but by what legal Title they pretended to it, or what Reafon they had to aflert a Right, which their fo little Care of the Iflands was alone fufficient to have • icated, we know not. The Government of England had been at a very great Expence for the Security and Improvement of thefe Iflands, and as the original Right feems to be there lodged, we fuppofe a Grant of them was iflued to the Lord Londonderry, Brother in Law to Earl Stanhope, which was litigated by the Lord Craven, in Behalf of the Proprietaries of the Carolina 3 Charter. ^he Hijiory of Providence. Charter. I muft confefs ic is in tne againft the Grain, totreat of transforming the Right of the Liberty and Property of Englijhmen from one to another without their Confent, and very often againft it by Grants and Charters for the Profit of particular Perfons, very far from deferving them by their publicic Services. In the Year 1715, oneCapt. Juan de la Valle Deputy of the Spanijh Commerce, being fent by Lhe Governor of the Havana to Jamaica to demand the Money fiflied up out of the wrecict Fhta*s on the Coaft of Florida and the Bahama- IJlands^ pretended in a Memorial he delivered to the Gover- nor and Council of Jamaica, that thefc lahama-ljlaudt be-. longed to the King of Spain and were Part of his Dominions. The Governor and Council fay in Anfwer, fVe can no Ways admit M«///)^Bahama-I{lands are Part of the Dominions of the King of Spain, but look upon the fame to bi his Britannick Ma- jejiy*s. A very juft Anfwer, but not fpirited enough to cor- refpond with the Infolence of the Spaniards Claims. The Dutch and French have the fame Right to the Bahama- IJlands as the Spaniards^ having been often thrown aiKorc and wrecked upon thefe Iflands. If the feizing and pofTef- ing Parr of them for a certain Time give a Title, the Engli/h have a good one to the belt Parts and Places in the Spftnijh We/l-Jndiej. The pretended Claim of the Spaniards to the Empire of America^ is exactly in the Spirit and Stile of their Countryman "Don^ixot: The brave '^^»*«!iii' . f , M I'll' 1 mi rf m. [440 1 THE HISTORY O F T H E B E R M U D A S OR Summer-Iflands. CONTAINING An Account of the Difcovery, Settlement, Growth, and prefent State of the Colony: A Defcription of the Country, Climate, Soil, Produdtions, ^c, TH E firft Mention we find any where made of thefe lilands by Englijh Authors, is in Captain Lanccjlcr^^ Voyage for Difcoveries in the Eaji- Indus in 1593. The Captain fcnt one Henry May to England from IJI/paniela, having obtained Paflage for him aboasd a French Ship, commanded by MonGeur de Barhtitre, who was driven alhore on the Ifland commonly calieparture fupported ice, fuch as it na- it, an-i taken Pof- Chrj/iopher Carter Sir George's fccond Edward Chard to PTaters and Chard^ the Kings of the ^ j Chard and Ifa- )ut Carter, tho' he alone prevented it, | who ftruck the firft i Friends, and they one of which Ex- \mbergrcafe among ump, weighing 80 ^ ^ Pound, )S '^e Htftory c/* Bermudas. 445 Pounds befides other fmaller Pieces. This Treafure made (hem altnoft mad. The Value of it turned their Heads, they grew giddy with the Thoughts of it, and that they might have an Opportunity to make Ufe of it, refolved on the moil defperate Attempt that Men in Diftra&lon could run upon, which waste build a Boat after the beft Manner they could, and fail to Virginia or Newfoundland, according as Wind or Weather Aiould prefent. But before they could put their ex- travagant Projed: in Execution, a Ship arrived from England-^ for Capt. Matthew SommerSy Sir George's Brother, had pro- niifed to come to them or fend a Veffel to their Relief, or they had not flayed neither the firft Time nor the laft. The Ship they difcovered Handing in with the Shore was the Plough^ which had 60 Perfons aboard, fent by the New Bermudas Cmpany to make a Settlement, over whom they placed one Mr. Richard Moor for Governor ; who was an honeft induf- »6"« trious Perfon. He pitched upon a Plain in St. Georges Ifland Mo^f ' gj? to fettle on, and there firft built himielf a Houfe or rather venur. Cabin, for the Building was only of Palmeto Leaves, yet he made it large enough for him, his Wife and Family • and the reft of the Adventurers following his Example, it became a Sort of a Town, which in Time grew to a confiderable Big- ncfs, and is now St. George's Town, one of the ftrongeft and beft built in all our American Colonies, for the Houfes are of Cedar, and all the Forts of hewn Stone. Mr. Moor was a Man of ordinary Condition, being but a Carpenter. He was a good Architect and Engineer, and litter in the Infancy of the Colony for the Poft he was in, than an unexperienced Gentleman would have been. He fpenc the moft Part of his Time in fortifying the Iflands, and carried on the Work of the Plantation with all imaginable Zeal and Capacity. He drew out the Model of the Town as it ftands I at prefent. He trained the People in martial Exercifes, built 9 or 10 Forts, and furniflied them all with Ammunition. He alfo built a Church of Cedar, which being blown down by a Tempeft, he raifed another of Palmeto Leaves, in a I Place better flieltered from the Weather. In the firft Year of his Government, another Ship arrived I with a Recruit of Provifions and 30 PalTengers. He by this Time had found out the Booty of Ambergreafe, which Car' \ur^ Waters and Chard had concealed, andieized it as belong- ing to the Proprietors. He fent one third of it to rhe Com- pany at London by the Ship that brought the Supply, and the reft by the next Opportunities that offered, in the famePro- I portion i wliich gave fuch Encouragement to the Adven- turers, :,i-! :.; 444- x6i4. Copt. Dank Tuc:kt'r, Covermr. ne Hiflory of Bermudas. turers, that they continued to fupply them with Provifionj Stores, and more Company, till they were in a Condition to defend and fupport themfclves by their own Strength and I Plantations. Mr. Moor made very good Returns Home in Ambergreafe ' DrugSj Cedar, Tobacco, and the Produd of the Iflands. ' In the third Year of his Government the Spaniards ftiewed I themfelves on the Coaft, with a Defign to fupplant themi but finding them better provided to receive them than they imagined they were, they bore away after the EngUjh had! fired two Shot at them ; tho' had they made an Attack then they bad probably ruined the Settlement, Powder falling fo ihort that there was not a whole Barrel in St. George's^ the Game having confumed that Part of their Stores. j 'Twas alfo in the Time of this Governor that the famous [ Rat Plague began in Bermudas^ which lafted five Years.') They came thither in the Ships, and multiplied fo prodigiouily ] afhore, that fuch Numbers were hardly ever feen in the' World, They had Nefts in every Tree, and all the Ground i was covered with them. They eat up the Fruits, and even the Trees that bore them. They devoured the Corn within Doors and without, and neither Cats, Dogs, Traps, nor Poifon, availed any Thing towards clearing the Country of them. They not only fwarmed in St, George's Ifland, but in many of the other whither they fvvam over, and made the fame Havock of every Thing that lay in their Way. At laft they difappeared all on a fudden, and went as ftrangely as they came. 'Tis remarkable, that during this Rat Plague there were feen vaft Numbers of Ravens in the llland, which had not| been obferved to be there before or fince. When the three Years of Mr. Moor's Government were I expired, Capt. Daniel Tucker was fent over to fucceed him. I This Gentleman much encouraged the improving of thej Soil, the planting of Tobacco, and did all Things he could] think of to promote the Good of ihe Colony, which he fawj brought into a flourillung Condition before he lef"t it. The Houfcs that were built of Palmeto Leaves, were fori the moft Part taken down, and others of Stone raifed inl their Placea", feveral Fruit Trees were planted, Fields and! Woods cleared of Rubbiih. and a regular Form of Govern- rnc-nt eflabliihed. But the Severity of bis Difcipline was fol grievous to Ibme licentious Per(bns, that five of them exeT ci'.ted as defperate a Defign to efcape him as JVaters and hisj C Mr. Ham fon Prefi. dmt. M Delaet calls him 7Z^ Hijiory of Bermudas. and one of thofe to whom Mr. Dryden confelTed he owed the Harmony of his Numbers. This Gentleman being a Man of Fortune as well as Wit, was cbofen a Member of the Long Parliament-^ and at frit fell in with the Party againft the King, tho' he afterwards en- tered into the Confpiracy againft the Parliament, for which Mr. Chalomr and Mr. Tompk'ws were executed ; but Mr. Waller got off for u Fine of loooo /. and Banifliment. Af- ter which he went to the Bermudas-Jfiands^ where he ftayed feme Time, and from thence to France. When Oliver prevailed, Mr. Waller returned to England. By his being in this Country, Bermudas has the Glory to befung by one of themoft harmonious Poets that ever beau- tified the Englijh Tongue ; and that is an Honour to which none of the other Iflands, or any Part of the American Con- tinent can pretend. The Inhabitants of this Ifland were never any great Trad- ers. They contented themlelves with what they could raife out of 'he Earth for their SubGftence, and found enough for Nourifhment and Pleafure. The Healtinefs of the Air invited fcvcral Perfons from other Places, and by this Means it was computed that about 20 or 30 Years ago, there were 8 or 1 0000 Souls of Englijh Extradlion. Whether that Number has dimini(hed fince we cannot tell ; but we are inclined to believe it is rather lefs than more. The Government in King IFilliam's Reign, fent over a very loyal Addrefsj as alfo the J£oc:ation, figned by the Go- vernor, Council, Affembly, and principal Inhabitants, which Sir iViliiam Trumball^ then Secretary of State, prefented to his Majefty Feb. 15, 1696. The King, two Years afterwards, was pieafed to appoint Samuel Day J Efq; to be Governor of thefe Iflands j who ePQbarked aboard the Maidjione Man of War in May^ and arrived in July at St. George's. He either was recalled or died in his Government in two Years Time, for in 1700, Capt. Bennet was made Governor of his Majefty's Bermudas or Summer- JjianJ^ : Of which we can fay little more, except what relates to the Geographical or Natural Account of them i and we therefore proceed to it, hoping it will make foDJe Amends for what we fall fhortof in the Hiftory. We come now to the Geographical Defcription of thefe Iflands^ and the other Parts of our Account of them. There are fuch a vaft Number of them, that moft of them yet want & Name, «nd indeed are To fmall, they are not worth it. ^oroe Writers % there are 300 of them, J others 447 ,;i!:i m m m ) ii:tj';<:};;|K| 448 frvm Spain :qoo frtm Lon- don 1 lOO, jram Rt»a- noke foOt Del, i ^he Hijlory of Bermudas. others 400, and others 500 ; but not to (land to determine what is tranfmitted to us with fo much Uncertainty, we (hall only venture to be pofitivc in that they are above 400, bccaufe the major Part of the Writers who make any Mention of them agree in that Point. They lie fome Hundreds of Leagues from any Land ^ the neareft Part of the Continent^ which is Cape Hattcrm in Carolina y being 300 Leagues from them, the Ifland of HiJ- paniola 400, Madeira 1000, and England 1600 j their La- titude is between 32 and 3 3 Degrees N. L. The Eighth Part of them are not inhabited; and all but St. George's, St. David% and Cooper^ IJles^ have only a few Houfes fcattered up and down. They all together make the Figure of a Crefcent, and are within the Circuit of fix or feven Leagues at moft. There are none of them of any confiderable Bignefs, yet Ibmc much bigger than others, as Time and the Sea continually waftiing upon them, have worn them away in different Proportions. The Main or great Ifland of all is called St. George\ and is about 16 Miles in Length from E. N. E. to W. S. W. 'Tis not a League over in the broadell Place, but h fortified by Nature all around, the Rocks every Way extending them- felves a great Way into the Sea. To which natural Strength, efpecially towards the Eaft ward where it is moft expofed, the Inhabitants have added that of Forts, Batteries, Parapets and Lines ; the Cannon of the Forts and Batteries being fo difpofed, as to command the feveral Channels and Inlets in- to the Sea. There are no more than two Places where Shipping may fafely come in, aiid it is not eafy for a Man to find thofe Places our. The Rocks lie fo thick in fuch a Manner, and fome fo undifcovered, that without a good Pilot from the Shore, a VefTel of 10 Tuns would not find the Way into thofe Harbours; which being once known, the biggeft Ships in the World may enter. Thefe two Havens are fo for- tified, that if an Enemy ihould light of them, he might eafiiy be kept out. The Rocks in moft Places appear at low Water. It ebbs and flrws thr^e not above five Footj the very Shore itfelf is for the aloft Part a Rock, and it is impodible to hnd out an Ifland better guaided b) Rocks than this; indeed ihey are all of them fo invironed with them, that they fe.»m to threaten all Ships who venture on thatCoaft with prefctit Oeftrjdiou; and fo many have been fliipwrecked upon them, that the Spaniards gave them the Nanrie of Los Dialolos, the Devil's Iflands 1 tlus Place having been fatal to tbeus and all Nations. Tiia ^^' ;m, he might eafily The Hiftory of Bermudas. The Town of Sr. George's ftaiids at the Bottom of the liavcn of the fame Name, which has no lefsthan fix or feveri Forts and Batteries ; as Kings Cajile, Charles Fort^ Pembrook port, Cavehdijh Fort, Davyes Fort, fVarwick Fort^ and Sandyh For/, mounted with above 70 Pieces of Cannon 5 and they are fo difpofed, that they can be all brought tb beat upon any Ship beftjre fhe can make her Entrance. In this Town there is a fair Church with a fine Library^ for which the Inhabitants are iiidebted to Dr. Thomas Bray^ the Patron of the American Learning. There are near i, Thoufand Houfcs in it -, it is very handfomly built, and has i State-Houfe for the Meeting of the Governoi*, Council and Aflembly. Befides the Town and Divlfibn of St. Georgc\, there arc tight Tribes, Hamilton Tribe, Smith's Tribe-, Devon/hire Tribe, Pembrook Tribe, Pagefs Tribe, Warwick Tribs^ Southampton Tribe, and Sandy's Tribe; of which Devonjhire in the North, and Southampton in the South are Parilhes, have each a Church and a particular Library. In the whole Ifland there are Plantations of Oranges, Mulberries, and other Produ6ti6ns of the Country, which fender It a very beautiful Profped. There is a Haven in Southampton Tribe or DiftHdlt, which is alfo called Southampton, and other Harbours j as the Great Sound, Harrington's Inlet iri Hamilton Tribe, Paget's Port in Paget's Tri!)e, and others. There are no Parirti- Churches in any of the lefter Iflands, and all of tlie Inhabitants are ranged under one or the other of the eight Tribes. As to the Climate, it was tor fourfcore Years reckoned one of the healthiv'^ft Countries in the World ; and the fickly iifed to remove ihi'jher from the Sugar IJlands in America, as they do from the ^^o^!' ern Parts of France to Montpclliir ioi the Air. But within this 20 Yeais lliC^'e have been dreadful Hurricanes, which have had fuch an ill Effcd on the Air^ that the Bermudas-IJIands have had their Share of Sicknefs as wel! as the Antilles anf' the Charibhees. However the Face t " the Heavenj^, the Serenity and Beauty are (till the lime. The Weather is generally fine and plcafant, and the Air temperate and calm. Hcte is a Sort of perpetual Spring, and tho* tlie I'reeS throw off cheir old Leaves, there are new ones always com- ing out at the fame Time. The Birds breed ail the Year round, or at leaft in mofl Months, and the Country is alike fruitful and charming, yet not fo much rmrt charming and Vol. II. G g fruitfttl 44^ m I'ii ;; ill I' '•'■ it 450 The Hiftory of Bermudas. iiieinfuix fruitful than England, as to tempt People who can live here n'c s^Ji b.- ^o tranfporc ihemfelves thither. niwtscutn 'Tis truc, the Thunders and Lightnings are here very iiii { An^iia ) dreadful, Rocks having been fplit afunder by the latter. The fulnrmnpa- Storms comc with every new Moon, and it is particularly randK. Del. obferved, that if a Circle is feen about the Moon, a pro- digious Tempefl: certainly follows. Thefe Circles are larger there than any where elfe, and the Storms are more terrible. The N. and N. W. Winds are moft predominant, and when they blow turn Summer into Winter. The Rains are not frequent but violent, and the Sky is then darkened in a frightful Manner. Seldom any Snow is to be feen there. The Soil of the Ifle of St. George's and the other Iflands, are of feveral Colours and Tempers ; the Brown is the beft ; the Whitifli which is like Sand, the next to it; and the Red, which refembles Clay the worft. Two or three Foot under the Mould lies a folid white Body, which the Inhabitants call the Rock^ tho' with very little Rcafon, for it is as foft as Chaulk and porous like a Pumice-Stone. Thofe Pores con- tain Abundance of Water, and as much a Rock as k is, the Trees fallen their Roots in it, and draw their nourifhing Sap from it. Clay is often found under it, and the hardeft Kind of this Rock is met with under the red Mould ; in this there's little or no Water, and it lies in the Ground in Quar- ries, like thick Slates one upon another. There's rarely any freih Water in thefe Iflands, what they have comes through the Pores of the Slate or Rock; in which there are as many fait Particles as in that which cotnes from the Sea after it has foaked through the Sand. Thefe two Sorts of Water are all they have, except Rain Water caught in Cifterns. Both of ihe other Sorts are a little brackifh. The Engltjh have dug feveral Wells within four or five Paces of the Sea, that held a Correfpondence with the Sea, and ebbed and flowed as that did j yet the Water v/as as frcih as that which was drawn up farther within Land. The Soil is very fruitful and yields two Crops a Year, for what they fow in March they gather in July ; and what they fow in Augujl^ in December ; and the chief Product of the I Country is Maize or Indian Corn, the common Grain ot| America^ which is the main Support of the People. Their Fields yield Abundance of other Plants; as Tobacco,] not a very good Sort, and confequently of no great Advan- tage to them. They have moft Kinds of other Plants, which j are peculiar to the Weji- Indies^ and fuch as are brought from Europe^ and are cultivated there, thrive to Perfedion. They aifo » can live here, are here very he latter. The t is particularly Moon, a pro- lircles are larger •e more terrible, ^dominant, and The Rains are n darkened in a I feen there. The r Iflands, are of is the beft; the ; and the Red, :hree Foot under e Inhabitants call r it is as foft as rhofe Pores con- a Rock as k is, w their nouriftiing :, and the hardeft ed Mould ; in this Ground in Quar- ands, what they ate or Rock; in that which comes the Sand. Thefe icccpt Rain Water Sorts are a little within four or five ence with the Sea, yVater v/as as frcih _jand. Crops a Year, for Jy, and what they lef Produft of the common Grain otj le People, lantsi as Tobacco, I )f no great Advan- Dther Plants, which as are brought from Perfeaion. They alfo ^/je Hl/lory of Uermmhsi 4jt alfo have the Poifcn U'cvd, which is like Evglijh Ivy^ and the Touch of it caufcs a Pain and Tutnour for the frerent, butic goes off again as the Red Reed^ the J uice of whofe Root is a forcible Vomit. "1 he Sea Feather grows upon the Rocks ac the Bottom of the Sea, like a Vine Leaf l,»ut broader, with Veins of apalidi Red. Excepting the /^.i//3n ,4, Months oi February^ March and April. One 'John Pc- rmhe found one dead there driven upon an Uland, and tho* ignorant in the Butinefs, yet got a great Quantity of Spenna Ctsti out of it. Their Whales have not as much Oil as fome others, what they have k at firft like Sperma Cati, but they clarify it by Fire. The Reader will not be difpleafed with the following Ac« count of the Whales at Bermudas^ communicated by Mr, Richard Stafford to the Royal Society. * We have in thefe Seas about Bt * Whales, which in March^ April ai * Coafts. 1 have myfelf killed many ' males have Abundance of Milk, whi * tuck out of the Teats that grow by their Navel. They * have no Teeth, but feed on Grafs growing on the Rocks at * the Bottom, during thele three Months and at no other Sea- ' Ton of the Year. When that x^ confumed and gone, the ' Whales go away alfo, thofe we kill are for Oil. But there * have been Sperma Cat: ^Vhales d/iven upon the Shore, * which Sperma (as they call it) lies all over the Bodies ' of thofe Whales. Thefe have divers Teeth, which may * be about as big as a Man's Wrift,' Ambergreafe and Sperma Ceeti have been found here in great Quantitii!S, and Pearl j all which are almcft as rare here now as el fc where. The Spider in thcfc Jflands is a beautiful Infed, looking as if it wa^ adorned with Pearl and Gold. Its Web is .n Co-^ iour andSubflance a perfect raw Silk, and fb ftrongly woven, that running from Tree to Tree like fo many Snare?, fmall Birds are fometimes caught in them, as Capt. Sfnitb reports, whofe Authority was very good in his Day. Musketoes, Bugs, Ants and other Infcds are here, and fome of them very troublefom and mifchievous, We have little more to fay of this Place, the Government of which refembles (as has been faid) that of the other Colo- nies, by a Governor, Council and Aflembly. They have fewer By-Laws than any of our other Settle- ments, which we impute to the Smallnefs of their Trade: For this Colony produces no confiderable Cpmffodity, by G g 3 wfcich .liill' I'll 0)' , Jill \' i'!' lei ,*i; MS; .i '^. ^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) d 1.0 I.I l;^|28 |2.5 |50 ■^" !*■■ £ ta 112.0 i 1.25 1 1.4 1.6 ^ 6" ► Kiotographic Sciences Corporation ^^' ■<^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. USSO (716) •72-4S03 '^^A.'^' ^ 454 Lo-vth. Vol. Tie Hijlory of Bermudas. which the Inhabitants may be enriched; and their Commerce confifts chiefly in Timber and Provifions, which they fend to the other Parts of America that ftand in Need of them, and fome I'obacco imported to England. Several Families retired thither formerly, on Account of their Religion or Health from England, and carried con- fiderable EfFeds v/ith them. There is a Sore of pedling Re- tail Trade between England and thofe Iflands, by which neither the Inhabitants of the one Place or the other grow puch the richer. The Building of Ships and Sloops is the moft advantageous Branch of their Traffick, and the People of Bermudas feem to content themfelves with the Pleafure and Plenty of their Country, with a fafe and quiet Retreat from the Troubles 3nd Cares of the other Parts of the World, without any Am- bition to enrich themfelves ; and if they had any fuch De- fire, it is to be queftioned whether they have any Opportu- nity of gratifying it. Mr. Norwood and the before-mentioned Mr. Stafford, having given a farther kzco\mtoi Bermudas^ we fhallcom- muijicate it to the Reader in their own Words. * I never faw any Sand in the Bermudas, fuch as will grind ' Glafs or whet Knives, l^c as in England, but a Subftance * like Sand tho' miich fofter. Neither have we any Pebble- * Stones or Flints. The Inhabitants here at Bermudas live * fome to an hundred Years, and fomething upwards. Many * live till they are nigh an Hundred, but few above. And * when they die, Age and Weakneis are the Caufe, and not * any Difeafe that attends them. The general Diftemper that * is yearly among us is a Cold, and that is mod: gotten in the * hottelt Weather. The Air is here very fweet and pleafant. ^ Our Diet is but ordinary : The People are generally poor, * and I obferve that poor People are moft healthful. ' That fVeed which we call Poifon Weed grows like our ^ Ivy. I have feen a Man who was fo poifoned with it, that * the Skin pealed off his Face, and yet the Man never touch- * ed it, only looked on as he pafled by. But I have chewed ^ it in my Mouth and it did me no Harm : It is not hurtful « to all. ' Here are Spiders, that fpin their Webs between Trees ^ ftanding feven or eight Fathom afunder, and they do their ' Work by fpirting their Web into the Air, where the Wind ^ carries it from Tree to Tree. This Web, when .finiflicd, j ^ will fnare a Bird as big as a Thrufli. ^ We cover our Houfes with the Leaves, not the Bark of I f a Tree, which is the jPalpieto 5 wltho»|t which Tree we f coulci . 77)e H/fiory of Bermudas. 455 < could not live comfortably in this Jfland. The Leaves of « feme of thefe Trees are eight or ten Foot long, and nigh . < as broad.* We ftiall conclude what we have to fay on this Head with Mr. Wallers Verfes in Praife of thefe Illands, which are to be found in the firft Canto of his Poem, called, The Battle of the S UMME R-IS LANDS. DERMUDAS waWd with Rocks, who does not know *^ That happy JjJand where huge Lemons groWy And Orange freeSf which golden Fruit do bear^ The Hefperian Gardens hoaji of nonefo fair; Where Jhining Pearl, Coral, and many a Pounds On the rich Shore, of Amber greafe is found ? The lofty Cedar which to Heaven afpires. The Prince of Trees, is Fewelfor their Fires, TheSmoak by which their loaded Spits do turn^ For Incenje might on f acred Altars burn : Their private Roofs an oderous Timber born^ Such as might Palaces for Kings adorn. Their fweet Palmetos a new Bacchus yield^ With Leaves as ample as the hroadefi Shield ; Under the Shadow of whofe friendly Boughs, Ihey fit carouftng where their Liquor grows. Figs there unplanted thro* the Field do groWy Such as fierce Cato did the Romans ^^w ; With the rare Fruit inviting them to fpoil Carthage, the Mijlrefs of fo rich a Soil. The naked Rocks are not unfruitful here. But atfome confiant Seafons, every Year, Their barren Tops with lufcious Food abound^ And with the Eggs of various Fowl are crowned. Tobacco is the worfi of Things, which they To EngliQi Landlords as their Tribute pay. Such is the Mould that the bleji Tenant feeds On precious Fruits, and pays his Rent in Weeds. With candid Plantines and the juicy Pine, On choiceji Melons and fweet Grapes they dine. And with Potatoes fat their wanton Swine, Nature thefe Gates, withfuch a lavifl) Hand, Pours out among them, that our coarfer Land Tajies of that Bounty, and does Cloth return ; Which not for Warmth, but Ornament is worn: For the kind Spring, which butfalutes us here^ Inhabits ihtrty and courts them all the Tear, ' G g 4, R'P* } ■* ' ' iiK J:ii • , !H I!;' ii; i i pi ii p ^1 I / 456 ^e Hijlory of Bermudas. Ripe Fruits and Blojfoms on the fame Trees live^ At once they promife what at once they give. Softueet the Jir, fo moderate the Clime^ ■ yv- Nonejickly lives, or dies before his Time. Heaven fur e has kept this Spot of Earth uncurs^d^ To /hew how all Things were created frff. The tardy Plants in our cold Orchards plac*d^ Jteferve their Fruits for the next Ages Tajie : There afmallGrainy injbmefew MonthsyWillbe A fkmy a lofty and afpacious Tree. 3"/;* Palma Chrifti, tf«i /^^/2?iV Papah, Now but a Seed (preventing Nature's Law) -r' In half the Circle, of the hafly Year^ Projeh a Sha^e^ and lovely Fruits do wear, ^ ' . The Racks fo hi^h about this Ifland rife, , i^. :. That well they may the numerous Turks dtfpife^ &c. The critical Reader will confider thefe Verfes were written 90 Years ago, and muft excufe what there is in them that taftes of Antiquity, for what there is that may teach the Mo- derns. They rre not Mr. Waller*s beft Verfes, neither are they his worft ; be they what they will, they ferve to give thofe that read them a very lively Idea of the Country we are treating of, and that is all we propofe by inferting them. The Government of thefe Klands is, as has been faid, like the reft, by Governor, Council and Aflembly. The Names of the former we have procured, but could not learn thofe of the latter. ' - Governor Bennet^ Efq; ^ Counfellors. Richard Penniflon, Efqj John Tuker^ Efq; Anthony White, Efqj Thomas Harford, E(q; Michael Burroughs, E/q; St. George Tucker, Efu; Benjamin Hinjon, Efq; Patrick Dmjufiing^ Efq; Capt. Brooks. Capt. fenner. Col. Triminghamy Our Materials for the continuing the Hiftory of this Pro- yince are very inconfiderable, we having learn'd nothing rc- inarkablc fince our former Iropreffion. The State of it in every Tloe Hijlory of Bermudas. every Article is much the fame, except that the Inhabitants by the Ufe of Cedar in Ship Building have To lefTened that Produd, that there are not near the Number of Ships builc here as there were 20 or 30 Years ago. For fome Titne they had a pretty good Vent for their Straw, of which they made very fine Hats, and do ftillmake the neateft in the World, but the Fafhion has now taken an- ocher Turn in England. This Ifland had foms Years ago an independent Company of Soldiers, which being rembved to the Bahama-Iflands^ the Negroes here grew mutinous, and being much more nu- merous than the white Men the latter were thrown into a great Confternation, increafed by the Death of Numbers of them who were poifoncd by the Slaves, feveral of which were convide(^ at the Affizeshere 1730 and executed. 457 m 1.1 u. Ill , I'l ir' I'll hi': !:=ii !l ;i' il ii 11 i m m THE i -i A\' '■ir: .'. \\m ii! *...■ (458) ^■.. .-.v^- THE INDEX T O . ; < . i Both VOLUMES. ,..,.' A. ygCCOMytCK County, inFirgma, defcribed, Vol.1. J^ Page 413. ^JL -^ihany, Town of, Vol. I. 372. Congrefi there, 253. Albany River, in Hud/on^i-Bay, Vol. I. 560, AlhemarUt George Duke of, firft Palatine of Carolina^ Vol. I. 462. Albemarky Chrifiopher Duke of, made Governor of Jamaica, Vol. II. 319. Albemarle County, in Carolina^ defcribed, Vol. I. 508. Alexandery King of the Wauponaags in Neio-Englandy his Revolt, Vol. I. 106. and Death, ib. Altgator,Zi Defcription of it. Vol. II. 409. Allilujat a Word ufed in the Indian Songs, Vol. I. 37. Aloes Tree, oi Barbados^ defcribed. Vol. II. 115. Ambergreafe, found at Jamaica, Vol. II. 404. At Bermudas, 453. Amelia Ifland, in G^or^za, Vol. I. 537. Amidas znd Barlonv, firft Adventurers to Virginia, Vol. I. 346. Anguilla, Why fo call'd. Vol. II. 300. Situation, Climate, and Soil, ib. Settlement there, ib. DiflodgM by the wild Irijhf 301. Englijh there, ib. Annapolis, in Maryland, defcrib*d. Vol. I. 338. Aft»- Arundel Connty, in Maryland, dcfcrib'd, Vol.1. 337. Annolis, Defcription of it, Vol.11. 339. Antego, defcribed. Vol. II. igi. The Story of Governor War- ner^ s Son by an Indian Woman, 192. Remarkable Hurricane here, ib. Pariflies, 193. Climate, Soil, Animals, 194, (?/>f. Trade, 197. Sir 7im. Ihornhill, with Forces fyom Barbados, I aHills - INDEX. affifts it, 199. General Codrington Govert or, ih. Admiral Bembonu and Col, Collingiuood arrive there, 202. Sir IVilliam Matthews Governor, 203. Col. Park Governor, 204. Coun- cil, 20c. Col. Park quarrels with the Inhabitants, 206. His troublefom and tragical Story, 207, et feq. Is kill'd, 219. Walter Hamilton^ Efq; Governor, 220. Walter Douglas, Efq; Governor, 222. Mr. 5w/V/' tried for P^r>i's Death, and cleared,/^. His Jury, 223. W. Hamilton a.gnin Governor, tb. Deficiency in the Law for Debts here, 224. J. Hart, Efq; Governor, 225. Lord Londonderry Governor, ib. William Matthenus, \Li(\i Goytrnor, ib. His Salary fettled, 226. The Aft about Coin brol ib. His Verfes in Praife of it, 455. Geographical Defcription of it, 447, et feq. Climate, 449. Soil, 450. Healthfulnefs and Pleafantnefs, ib. Trees, 451. Animals, 452. Whales, Am- bergreafe and Sptrma Cati, 453. Number of Inhabitants, 447. Shipbuilding here, 454. DiminifhM, 457. Bermudas Hats, ib. Mutiny of the Negroes, ib. Birkenhead's Confpiracy in Virginia, Vol. I. 379. Blake, Mr. Brother to the famous Admiral, fettles in CareSxa, Vol. I. 466. Blenman, Jon. Efq; perfecuted by Governor Lowtber, Vol. I. 68. Bepn, City of, in NeavEng/and, built, Vol. I. 61. Large and populous, 194. The Bay, 195. Defcribed, ib. et/eq. Brajiliano, the Buccaneer, his Adtions, Vol. II. 311. Bridge-Town, in Barbados, great Mortality there. Vol. II. 51; The Town defcribed, 98, et/eq. Bridsrwater, in Nenu-England, attack'd by the Indians, Vol. I. 123. Bravery of the Garrifon, »^. Briftol Town and County, in New-England, defcrib u, Vol. I. 201. Briftol, in Penfihania, defcribed, Vol. I. 298. Bucane, a Fi(hfo call'd, defcrib'd. Vol. II. 195. Buccaneers in w^OT^/Vfl, their Adtions, Vol. II. 311, etjeq. Buckingham/hire, in Pen/yhania, defcrib'd. Vol. I. 298. Burlington, in Wejl Nevj-Jer/y, defcifib'd. Vol. I. 288. ■. ; ^ c. CABBAGE-Tree, in Jamaica, defcrib'd. Vol. IL 403. Cabot, Sebaftian, faid to difcover Florida, Vol. I. 456. I Calvert, 461 .;i,»i III i !"i ' el HI 1 1 i A ! i .1' I'.fts iM i.ii im !i 'I M 462 INDEX. Cahtrt County, vaMatylanJ, Vol. I. 336. Ctc'tl County, in Mary/anif, Vol. I. 338. Callibafh-Tree, in Barbados, Vol. U. 1 1 1. CambriJgt, in Neiu- England, 7'ow.' of built, Vol. I. 63. 78. 192. Synod there, 102. College there, an Account of, 213, ^/y^y. Canada, the Right of the Englijh to it. Vol. I. 39. Ihtf //f«./j there attempt to draw olf the Indians in Frititufhip with thu Englip, 243. Aflilt the Savages ;igiinlt the £//g/y-6, 121. Canida, Birds fo call' J, Vol.11. 197. Cape-Britain Ifle, given to the //•^«f>{', Vol. I. 37. Cape-Cod, in New-England, Vol. 1. 200. CarolinAf difcover'd, Vol.1. 456. Old C^»o//«« defcrib'i', 459. King Charles II his Grant of it to Proprietaries, 460. Mr. Locke's Draught of a ConlHtution for it, 462. Sir IV. Sa\!e Governor, 464. Sir y.}^«rt»j Governor, 465. JofepbWeJl^ Efq; Governor, ib. again, 469. Jo/tpb Moreton, Efqi (ju- vcrnor, 466. J. ColUton, fclq; Governor, 46;. Mr. Aid- dalis Defcription of Carolina, ib. T. Smith, lifq; Governor, 470. Col. Robert ^arry. Governor, ib. Mr. Sout/nvell, Col. Philip Ludivell, 'Ihomas Smith, Efq; Governors, ib. John Archdale, Efq; Governor, ib. Jofeph Blake, Efq; Governor, 473. Col, J antes Moor, /^j/^. An Expedition againll 5/. //i- fu^ino, 476, et/eq. Sir Nathaniel John/on Governor, 480. A chifm BiU fet up there, 481. And occafions great I'roubles, 482, et/eq. Oppofed by the Parliament of England, 487, and by Queen Anne, 489. Major Tynte Governor, 491 . GMi, Efq; Prefident, ib. C. Craien, Efq; Governor, ib. Robert Da- niel, Efq; Governor, ib. Robert John/on, Efq; Governor, ib. A- gain, 501. James Moor, Efq; 491. Francis Nicholfon, Efq; Governor, ib. Pyratcs on the Coall, ib. Middleton, Efq; Prefident, 492. Negro Plot, ib. Verdidl of Juries by Eallot, 493. Abolifh'd, ih. An Indian War, 494, et feq. The Char- ter furrendered and Soil purchafed by the Crown, 498. Sir Alexander Comings Conference with the Indians, 499. Indiam fubmit to King George, 500. Governor Johnjon'i Interview with them, 502. 't'he new Province of Georgia taken out of it, 504. Mr. Oglethorpe arrives there, ib. Forwards the new Set- tlement, r^. A Conteft amongU the Lawyers, 505. Parny". burg, a Snuifs Town built, ib. Thomas Broughton, Efq; Liea- tenant-Governor, 506. Geographical Defcription of this Pro- vince, 508, etfeq. Again, 519. Produft, z^. The great In- creafe of the Rice Trade, ib. Silk 517* 5^.0. Trade 521. People,/^. Churches and Minifters, 522. Money, 523. Me- thod of iettling, /^. Firll Charge, ib. Price of Labour, 524. Cajfavia Tree, in Barbados, defcrib'd, Vol.11. 107. CaJ^a Fibula Tree, its quick Growth. Vol. II. io8. Cedar Tree, in Bat bados. Vol. II. iv-^. Of Bermudas, ^^i. Of| Maryland, Vol. I. 342. Chaff aw Indians trade with the Englijh, Vol. 1. 1533, etfeq. Chagre, taken by Admiral Fernon^V ol. II. 387. Its important! Situation, ib, Ck' INDEX. Charibbeatii, an Account of them, Vol. II. 265, ttftq. Cbaribbtt Iflands, Davyt^a Hiftory of them autheniick. Vol. II. 240. Cf>ar/ej County, in MarylinJ^ Vol. I. 337. CharlesCiiy County, in Vireinia, Vol. I. 406. Ciflr/«-7ra, dcfcrib'd, Vol I. 510. *t fio. C/jar/et-Tonvttf in Neiu- England » built. Vol. I. 69. Defcrib*d« 19Z. Charlti-Tvwn, in Nevis ^ Vol. I. 252. Charltton Ifland in Hud/on's-Bay, Vol. I. 546. ^ Chtgos, of Jamaica, what. Vol. II. 408. Chefeaf>eai-Bay, defcribM, Vol.1. 341, 40?. Chfjler Town and County, in Pen/ylvania^ Vol. I. 302. Chichejier^ in Penjylvania, Vol. I. 303. C^«^ treacheroufly delivers up Pemaquid Fort, Vol. I. 161. Is kill'd, 164. Clarendon County, in Carolina^ Vol. I. 509. Clarendon Parifti, in Jamaica, Vol. II. 393. Cinnamon Tree, \n, Jamaica, wild. Vol. II. 402. Citron Tree, in Barbados, Vol. II. 108. I. -105. I. II. 397, et/ef. Coco Tree, in Barbados, no. Cock'Roches,'\n Barbados, 122. Coin in Barbados, 165. In the Zf^ouari/ Iflands, 297. In Ja- maica, 371. Coho'ws, Birds in .5/rw«^4; fo caird, Vol.11. 452. Colebry, a Bird fo call'd. Vol. II. 264. Colliten County, in Carolina, Vol. I. 5 1 3. ColoquintidaTxee, in Barbados, Vol.11. 108. Columbus Chriji. difcovers Jamaica, Vol. II. 302. Is wreck'd, 203. His ill Ufage, his Epitaph, ib. Canneilicut Colony, in New-England, fettled. Vol. I. 66. Con- federated with the other Colonies, 88. Its Conftitution, 204. Corn, Indian, fee Maize. Cornnual County, in Neuu-England, Vol. I. 1 89. . Cotton Tree, in Barbados, defcribed. Vol. II. 1 1 2. Craven County, in Carolina, Vol I. 509. Crait/iw/, a Bird fo call'd, Vol. II. 264. Creolians, why fo call'd. Vol. II. 126. Ca/?«iri/. Apple-tree, in Barbados, Vol. If. n i . Cypre/Sf in Maryland, defcrib'd. Vol. I. 342. 4^3 Cochineal, how made. Vol. II. Cocoa Tree, in Jamaica, Vol. 11. 397, III , II'' ' I- it. I m il:1 k ' i'l I" D. DjiLE's Gift, in Firginia, built. Vol. I. 364. Darien, Scots Colony fettled. Vol. II. 336. Darien, in Georgia, fettled. Vol. I. 535. D/wVs Sea, dekrib'd. Vol. II. 228. Degwegdf iV l^ INDEX. DogtwooJf ia Marylandt Vol. I. 342. , '2)o0»/»«Vfl Ifland, dcfcribM, Vol. Jf. iSi, gty^f. Siflce tht Ac- ' count of it Was printed, Loru Cathcati'i Fleet put jnnere, ". DoraJo, a Fifh fo call'd, Vol. li. 104. Jhrchijitr, in NtwEHglanJ, defcrjb tf, ■htjltr County, in Maryland^ Vo|.,II. U9. :hefttrt in Carolina^ Vol. I. 513.' Vol. I. I9«. ,..^^,^^ Dorcbi Darcheftt . Divert \n Penfihania, Vol. I. 304. < -^ t Drake, Sir Francis, the iirll Man that landed in A^u; BMg)4>:d, Vol. I. 39. Dwgan, Col. a Papift", Governor of Neiv-Tori, a true Lover of his Country, Vol. I. 2ao. Dunfiatt, Hannah, of Nttu England, her mafculine Spirit, Vol. i. I U V.^ A" •*•** *•: ui EARTHQUAKE, dreadful one. Vol. n.322, «//^f. - £fl/? Ntnu^irfey, how bounded, Vol. I. 28a. And d^viJed, 283, */>?. Trade, 289. Eientzer, Old and New, in Geeriria, Vol. I. 536. E/ixahth Town, in EaJiNewfer/ey, defcrib'd. Vol. I. 284. J?//«/. *y-i« F. FAIRFIELD County, in New-England, Vol. I. ^09. Falmouth ToV/n, in jintego, Vol.11. I93.::,^vi Aw*/.-»*^$a /Vg, Indian, how propagated. Vol. II, 406. .-^,,. ti Firt'Arms, ufe of, firft taught the Savages, Vol.1, 55. ^;f., ti/heryiX Nenvfoundland, Advantage o^ Vol. I. .19, 20. 'i-^-t&, FlyCatchir, defcrib'd. Vol. II. 405. v^,.jvr,..> ^»*- ^A Jv/'w, fire, in J atttaica, Vol. II. 408. i;jt>r:4:?-. -v.r^ ^<»'«ul Frederica Town, in Georgia, defcrib'd!. Vol. t. 536^ ., French, their ridiculous Complaifance for the Charihleans, Vol. U. 265. And Vanity, 277. />fl^n/'/r*s Streights, where and when difcbyer'd, , Vpt I»->43- ..^' ' - -, ■ ' ''vi»,i*,^:iii "*■;• ./...'-'i »»>» ^- .A'tf-*f . ,. , -. .'•■.> ■-.••i^ ,, ..viffly^^-VA *"■ . GE b ^ G 74 its Charter and Bounds^ Vol. I :{ 2 ^; Truftees, 526. Firft Imbarkation, 1^. ^ao/awwa/^ Town buitt,- 527. /Wi • * i.. ;^. , ■*•. "-^^ Vol.1. Idg^ I. I, 55. fcltt. .19, ao. •••!&. 1. 5}6^ I \harihlxawt VoU-U. > ■*• •"''■- i;e$2^^ 'draftees, b Town bultt,' 527. Artiiclci of Trade 59- IN D E X. with them, 531. Firft Ship here from £;;^ArW, ih. hJitm Chieft brought over by Mr. OgUthorfe, 532. Cha^aiv lmliaH$, f3|. Trade with the EngH/h^ 534 Z^anVn, 535. Greatec labarkation, ih. OU and Nt^ tbmnctr laid out by SaJtK* ivfvArr/, 536. Trtdirica built, /A. 5/. ^Wr/oc's Fort, on Cww- i»rZMi lOind, 537. Anulim Ifland, r^. Jugvjlti well feated for the IniiM Irade, li. 7f W- 1 1 1 1 \ I !lH I :', P .< !:i \ ■ '[ '*! it ^66 IN D E X.J I. j: ■•^b Jamatcat dircovered by Chrijiophtr Cotumius^ Vol, II, ^' tontinued Governor, ib. hoxa. IViniJfor Governor, 51O. S\x Thomas Modi/or J, ib. Great Incrcafe^f the Inhabi. tants, ib. Buccanurf begin their Enterpiizes^ 311. ^xtTho' mas Linch Governor, 312. Captain, aftenvardb t>ir Hinry Mor^ 5A»*s SucceiTes aeainft theSfaniardit 312, tfj*9- Takes Pana- m' ^.t ' . ■■»■ ' -. I. II. ^. $ir -^^O^ gain GoVernor, . ]^uke of if/, c^j 320. CoK )equtn Governor, |. Sir William z and are beaten General Sehr^ enant'Governoi'i r, 338. UPtt. . Ihotnas Handa' 1o\. Ctlenbint zr- Id li^milm Gc- tration here, ib. r. Righ* P'ovoft- t Hnynvoodf &c. Council, 352. rr Hayuiood, Ef^; to England, i$$. rates infcft heie, lands Satisfaction tpredations, 358; idful Hurricane, .. Of the Muf- le Bnglijht &C. i<[. Uay, Lieutenant- |be made of the ;he Roads/ 371. ath, 375v/J»« , Efq; Prefident, ilh with the Ne- !«,. 379' Z^'"^, [th, 1^. ^^tv'fl^" [Negroes ibbmi^ akei P^rt^-Btut -,. . , .-^and N "^ D^ EX. And Cbagrt, 384. r/y?f. Towns, Forts, Parlflies in famatcat defcrib'd, 388, etjeq. Climate and Soil, 394, tt feq. The Sugar here, 396. Cocoa^ Manner of planting it, 39^, etftqk Piimiftto, J^OO. Caiiage-Trce, Account of, 403 ^ Cechiitea/, defcrib'd, 405. . Filh, Fruits, Animals, ^c. 406, et/ef. Matf tbinelb, 40$. The Alligator defcrib^d, i6. Of the Inhabi'- tants, 41 1» tt/ej. Trade, 413. Produft, ib. Latitude, 414* Riven, it*. Bayi, 41^. Pert-Royal, ib. Sf. Jago dt laFegat W SfOfti^ Toiim, 416. Other Towns, i^. Pariflles, 4184 Nunber 6f Inhabitants,- i6. What the Spaniards call the illi* dtlVade, defcrib^d, 419. Of Logwood cutting, 426. Jamtt^>itTi\n'Firginia, Vq\.1. j^iQ. JamtiQitft in Jiftttts County, defcrib*d. Vol. I. 406. ' hdimm, fee the Accounts of them in their refpe£Uve Cdlonlct* 7Wi|:9, Pefcrk>tion of it. Vol. 11.400. . , 1/li^ Wight QQvmtfp inyirginia,. Vol L 405* . . ' KSffTCovoity, itiPinJ^haniAt'Vo\.t. 304. ' .^ - Kmt County, in Maryland^ Vol.!. 339. ' ,■ . Am/'^^u; County, in Virginia, Vol. I. 411. Kingftpriy mjanmca, great Mortality there. Vol. 11. 328. Sci ftrib»d, 390. ' ' £r«j; ITi/dftfMCounty, ln^/;ji»M, VoLI. 411. , ^ iGf»x and J^^^»*s CoiUity,, i^. , ": t. .7 LJMMNTtNE, a Fifh fo call'd, Vol.lL lig. LatKofiir County; in Virginia, V^. \. 41a. Landgraves, in Carolinat Vol. I. 463. Ltmon-Tnc, in Barbados, VolII. ito. ' Uguania, in Jamaica, deftroyed by an Earthquake, Vol. It. 3261 Lizardtp in Nevis, defcrib*d. Vol. 11. 23S. Lim-Txtt9i Vol. 11. 109. Lpeie, the Philofopher, nis Draught of a Conflltution for Cari* /i>M, VS., 1.462. ' .: llgtoMd, of the cutting it. Vol. I. 426. ' ,^ London l\^w.Coixnty, in Nrw-Englattd, VoL I. 207. Lng-i(flan«f, ih Ne^-Sngiattd, Vol. I. 79. In tfevj-Tork, i-j^^ , ' . • J '•«■ t ■ ,..:■.. , \<. . .. . ..i it K> M-rfCOriVee, defcribM, Vol. n. iii. il^Hpi (iouttty, in Nevu-England, Vol. I. 7C3r. ^ttrtw, QV Jndian Com, its Growth; Vol 1. 189, ft/ef. Hl^ a Mai^^tfi 467 St wv^nw^ent fettled, 3*8. Settlement, 325, //j^^. 3j|v^^ ii^to cbufet, 60. Charlii-^0'um\t^'At, Bofton built, 60, 61. Sir ^. Gardiner there, 62. Cambridge built, 63. Univerfity found- cd, 77. Indiant mnrder the EngSJh, 63. Indians Laoids pur: chafed, 64. Perfecutiofi there, 65. Sir H. Vane there, i^. Cennefficut Colony fettled, 66. Ed. Hopkins, Efq; Governor, ib. Oliver CromweUand others, about to remove thither, 68. New-Haven Colony, 69. T&ei^. Eaton, Efq; Governor, ib. New-Han^ire and Main Government, 70. The Pequot War, 71, et /eb. The eood Behaviour of an Indian Princefs, 74; Peiputtj fubje£led, ib. Sedition .about the Covenants of Grace ztid Works, y^. New-England Synod exiphincd, y6. Antino- miems banilhM, 77. Settle at Rhode-JJland, 77. Confederacy of the four Governments here, 78. Zm^ ^vi/ inhabited by tht Bng^, y^. Puritans remove hither, 81. Mir/i&4*8 Vine- ' yard planted, 86. War between Indian Kings, 87. Capt. jltherton feizes the King of the Narragantfett, ib. Indians con- verted to CbriJUanityi 90. . etfeq. Mr. Elliot preaches to them, ib. He tranflates the Bible into their Language, 9;. Hiae- eomes, an Indian Preacher, ib. Mr. Maybew'a Miffion, 97. New-England Society for propagating tae Gofpel, 99. Names of them in New and Old England, 100. et/iq. Synod at Cam^ bridge, 1 02. Baptiib perfecuted, x^. Again, 112. Cruel Laws againft Quakers, 103, 105, et/eq. TI Prince, Efq; Governor, 104. F. Newman, Efq; Governor, 105. Venner the 5th Mo- narchift there, ib. MaJfafoit\ two Sons take the Name of Alexander tmd Philip, 108. Synod zt Bofton, io6. The Be- ginning of pottingPeople to Death for Witchcraft^ no. Con- vefficut and New Haven Colony united, 1 1 1 . 7* •C**'^''. Efqi H h. 3 Governor 469 it' 47<» I N EX Govemof, 113. J. 5tf«y2KW>r; King J^MVs Secrttijpj^ 'Ibe- comes a Preacher, and is murdcrM, ih. The War with King PA/7i> begins,, 116, it fiq. Capt. Bttrs, &?. kill'd, 119. ^jovtmor ffifijhvo fubdues lYitNArragantfits, 120. ^rxEng- Ufi Captains kiird, 121. A great SUinghter ofthtMitim, iB. The French affifts them, ib. The Queien of Ptaffkt^ Bra- very, ia5. King #'*/i5(p (hot by ^n hiiani ih. The War in theEaft, 126, tt fttq. iV. Int^ Efq; Sim: BrMtlpaU Efq; and JUbtrt Tteatf Efq; Govemor5, i a8. Ninu'England Ciiarter taken away, ib. H. Cra^ildt Efqj Governor, 12$. Jof, Dudley^ Efqj Governor, ib, ^it Ednand Andrw Gtvtmot, ih'. Seized, 136.. Council refame the Government, 137. Capt, afterwards Sir Wiltiain Pfnpat brings home immenfe Treafure, 130. Made High Sheriff, 134. Third Indian War, 132. Indians take Pmwtaquid'^otit 138. &avery of two £ff^/^ Boys, I39> Sir fFiJ/iam Fhips'i unfortunate Expedition to ^ebec, 140. The Difference between the old and new Charter, 144. Sir William Pbift Governor, ib. Capt. Convert* i Bravery, 145, Penhndquid Nfiv Fort built, 1 46. Peace with thb Indians con- cluded there. 147. Witch Plague, 148, f/y^. Mr, Boroughs^ a Minifter, tried and hangM as a Witch, 1 49, 151. Numbers fnore hang*d, 151, et fiq. Dog hang'd a% ah Accomplice, I $6. Dr. ilfii/i^rr'sand Sir. William Pbijis's Relations accuied of Witchcraft, ib, A Stop thereupon to the Perfccution, ib. Difcontents againft: Sir iryy/zaw Pbips, i j8. W. Stougbton, Efq; Governor, 159. The /»<*«»/ fet on by the fr^w/feagainft the Englijht 159. A War, and their ¥JLTi% Bema/itn taken, i€o. Major ^im»0;7 *73' Pirates tried and hang*d, 1 74. W, Burnet ^ Efq; Governor, ib. J. Belcher ^ Efq; Governor, 175. Qontefts about the Governor's Salary, 1^6, etfeq. Salary fettled, |'79. Woods for Mafts jaid out, . 1 80. Climate, Soil and Produdt, 181, »t jiq. Hunting theMofe, 187. Geographical Defcrip- tion of Counties, Towns, ^e. 189, et Jeq. Bojion defcrit'd, 193* ft fiq. Number of Inhabitants, 19^, Tra$le and Way of Living, 197. Bhode-ljland A'AvrAi^^y 203. Mir/j&a's V^ne« yard, 10 f. New-Englaitd, its Inhabitants, Fruitfulnels and Pleafantncfs, 205. Its Laws and Government, 210, et /eq» Jiarvatd College, 212, et feq. Of the Indians, 223, 224^ 225. Number of Inhabitants in A^i?'iu-£»f/i! and Product, )hical Defcrip- ^o/ion dcfcrib'd, rajie and Way Martba'a V^ne- ruitfulnefs and t, 210, et /e^» 223, 224j zzy7 Englijh •England, 229. tq th? Sugar- IS t/N D E X/ Jikw/mndkndff its Situation, idle Pretences of the Frinc& to the ^ Jjifcbvery, Vol. I. 2. Sir /f. Gi/Jw/ takes Poffeffion for . iCLueen Elixabttht i, Caft away, 4. Firft Newnfoundiand Com- pany, 5. Dr, Faugian purchafes and fettles, 7. Sir G. QJj/- \%'/r/s Grant,. il. JNumber of Inhabitants, 14. Climate, Way . of living, and Soil, 16. The Sfaniardsipvttend to the Fifliery, . I7« .Produd,Meats, Fifh, 19. The BanHs, 20. Indians^ 21, , 22. Wars between the J>M(^ and £ff^/^, 22, 23, 24. Sir y.. Norrishen, 24. Ceffion of the !fland by the FrencHf to the Englj^f 26. Kewbavem Colony, in Nrui-Eng/and, fettled. Vol. I. 69. JoinM to Conmfficutf iii. County defcrib*d, 208. JVI?w-yflr/^ dcfcrib'd. Part of JVfl-ra ^<^/«, Vol. I. 281. Sivedes here, 282. Divided into two Proprieties, ih. Their Bounds, ib. Divifion, Eall and Welt,. 283. Why not encouraged, ib. Counties, ib. et /eg. Iron Works, 286. No Churches, ib. Dr. Cox, Proprietor of Wtjijftrftyt ib. Number of Inhabitants, 289. Second Proprietaries, 290. Robert Barclayy Efq; the famous Qijaker, Governor, 291. Gaiven Lawr/tt Efq; De- puty.Governor, ib. Terms of Sale of Lands, ib. Sir Neal Campbell Governor, 292. Col. Andrew Hamilton Governor, . 293. Edmund. Bjllings, Efq; Governor of ff^ej New-Jer/ey^ib. Charter furrender'd, 294. Trade here, 29;. Increafe of Slaves, ib. Lewis Morris, Efq; Governor, ib. New-Scotland, its Difcovery and Settlement, Vol. I. 28, etfeq. That and Canada belongs to the EngUJh, who drive out the French, 31, 32. Mr. de la Tour his Purchafes there of the Eng- B/h^ ib. Yielded t(^ether with Canada by Charles II. ,to the Fnach^x^^. Sir fV. Phips retakes it, ib. Governor Nichol/on calls Port-Royal AneOolis, 34. Indians, 36. Their Mufick^ 3,7. Cape Briton Ifland, its great Advantage for the Fiihery; iL Better for the French than Newfoundland, ib. et feq. Given up to them by the Utrecht Treaty, ib. Ntw-^rh, Ihtth firft Poffeflbrs, Vol. I. 236. Bounds, 237. Climate and Soil, 238. The Englifi; take Poffeinon of it, ib. Defcr^b*d, 239. Hud/on^ s River, ib. Capt. Nichols Governor, .- 2.4Q. Sir Edmund Andros, ib. Col. Dungan, ib. Col. Schty . i^rV Expedition againft Quebec, 241. ScheneSiada burnt jy thit. French, z^2i CoK Le/lty Governor, by Ufurpation, it. Condemned and executed, 243. Col. Fletcher Governor, ib. Count de Frontinac enters. and quits the Province^ ib. Col. Slaughter Governor, ib. J of. Dudley, Efqi Dcputy-Governorj 244. Earl of Bellamont Governor, ib. Mr. Nanfan DepiKy* Governor, ib. Lord Cornbury Governor, 245. Indian King; of the five Nations z% London, 247. New-Torkjolta in the Expe- dition againft Canada, 248. Palatines fettle there, 249. The Charge of it, 250. Brigadier Hunter Governor, renews the Alliance with the Kings of the five Nations, ib. W. Burnet, Efq; Governor, 251. Peter Schuyler, Efq; Prefidentj meets ihfe Indmn Segampr^s at Albatty, ib. Another Congrcfs \vith them H h 4 9k 47.; n 47S' I vN;iD'vE^^.v ?t J&enf, »5 J. Their Spetchei,!^. tlfii,JihaMi^igmm* E(<|l Governor, 256. ^i>. T^^xr Z?^, Biq; Rrefideit, li. XT. C^, JBfq; Governor, 257. Ilis (^^rel with Mr. Kmrn^am^ ih, tt.fiq. ^nd .with Chief Jultice JUtarrice, 2 eg. (X^etSv^Mffr thel^rinter ^beprofecuted, ;iS)t Tripd aod a9quita!d,i68. Mr. :^M/' yo«, ietiger'p Couiu^U. bighly honoured by the City o£ JNtw. Tori, ^.69. Geographical Account 6fthaiftov'iw»,ifi,HJIi^, llie Five Nation^, 273. £0«^-i!&«<( 374. Climate azid Soil, ,ty6. InMantt ib. mmber of $eul»,.£»^4i^ aikl ii70. Mjiflacres cHenir lA. JCIefeated by the i^«w/;^, 371. M^ffiicrts them agiin, 373; I» taken, 374. His Magnaninjity and -Death, V*. r r. Oraugf Trees, ia iBftrkaHas, de(crib*d, VoU |i..^ii^T |a£ Ojfiinft ia Sftrba^s, whyfocaird, Vol, II. idS^-jV ,,j.^v a^, . .■ p-.»>...> . .• ■ - • ■■_ ' ^^ .. ■ ■ ' *^» ' ''i*vyJ feT'^v'""'- . ■" " P4lMTree, tn B^rtitu/fas, Account of. Vol, IL.4f i.j Paimfr. Worn;i^ Vol II.' 242. T'^z^M/tfTrfi^ Vol. II. 113. :. . t^. i , >' ;.r. ' ^a*w/Su|^arf, wj»t they are, /^. 153. .;;. ^'_ •;. "tti- -^ PapaTrtCj InSdrbados, ib. itOf ' " ■ '.'■■■•■:■ pari, Qol. Governor QJ[ the l^ewtfrd ^andb, Vol. ll. io4« Hit UagicalEnd,' 219, -< ^ '. , , ^.,^1^^ ^^^,, Ptfrra/ fiih, in Sarbadu^ Vol. II. 123. In AnUjro, 19$. , fajfage fort, in Jamaica^ deftroyed by an Eafthqaakf, ..>i^l..II. 326. Defcribed, 417. fear prickled, in Barbadofy defcribed. Vol. II. 109. }n>F'*' »' -..-■'[■ > ji filttatt^ in Jamaie9t Vol. II. 4<|8. c s.1t ' ' pimlitOy a Bird in Bermudas fojcaJlM, Vol. II. 452,.. pen, William^ Efq; procures a Grant of Pw^A/tfaitf, V<^. I, «97» • <5oe.«i thither, Jie. Buys the-Couctry of the /W/«»i> 7^.. Hi« Troubles '»3 17, Dyes, 3 ? 8. p$n, Wilfiatfi, Efqj Junior, g6es to f^w^Awiifw, Vol. I. 32l.> Penfierry, in Petifyhanta, defcribM,, Vol.1. X99, ffJ)'h<'Mi^}^^ Grant pronvfcd io^itWitiitti^ Pen^,y\ce-M-' - iryr^k V*>1 Jf ?|7, "Q]#^n hTs ^ooi ?^t' Extent and Bounds, INDEX.' 47i iif XaUUb'llbt }ret lud one, 398. Cbontiei, fh,it/hi Sinndti mA Diucb httt, 209. fhiladtkbia, fiile Plan of it, i6. A CfMtchofSfi^Aina mere, 301. SiuUif^ Churches. 302. Num* ber of Inhabitants, 304. Climate and Soil, 305. rroduA, ^^ Mmnty it, >^y th,t Indiim have flat Heads, 307. Swtda fonender to the Alf ri^, 309. Col. M^. MatltbmmGovtxwxf» ii* Kates of Land at flrft and now, 310. VtiOiam Fn, Efq; Go- vernor, A. Boys the Coiu^ of the InJSmu, ib. The MUmit get by the coming of the Engtifi, 311. The Conftitution, ib. Altered, 311. Mr. Ptn, a Court Favourite, 3 it. Col. Fktcher GiDvVnior, 313. Capt. ifXr^shitf/r Governor, li. Tobacco not to be preferred here, ib, Tbomat £A)i<£fqt Govemoi^ iki The Ballot abolifh'd, 3 14. Gmn Ktitb, the Convert Quaker* diSends, 1^. Col. Jiii. HamiSon Deputy-Governor, ^5. Col. Evans Governor, approved by the Queen^ ib. Mines, 316. Trade and Labour, ik fFWiam Xtitl, Efq; Governor* 318. New Cpmers taxed, ib. Fife at FUkuU^in, 318; Cre-» dit,Afibciation^ 319. Major Gordm Governor, 320. Ads pafs*d» ib. i^ore new Comers, 321. Number of Inhabitants, 3s 1. Mr. Fe% Junior, arrives, ib. League with the initmu, 392. Ptjfirt red, the. Plant in JSor^md;/, Vol. I|. 1x3. PifperUnt, iaytunaica, defcrib*d. Vol. IL 401. Ftquot Jtuliotu, War with the EuM, Vol. I. 71, ttfif, Perth, Jmhty, in Eaft Ntw^trfty, Vol. I. 285. Phiiadtlphia City, defcribed. Vol. I. 199, ft fiq. Fire there* 318. Number of Inhabitants, 321. Philadtlpbia County, ib. 299. Philip, king of the IFampmtugi, his Wars with the Englj^t' Vol. I. 1 16, tt fn. Sets the Hanat againft him, 133. Is kiird, 125. Phips, Sir fTiUiam, finds a Wreck, Vol. I. 130. Made High SherifF ,of Nrw-Eng/aml, 134. Reduces NniU'Se§tlaKJ, %^, His Expedition againft the Frtncbat Canada, 140. Puts an £nd to Witch-burning, 1 56. Sent to £fff43«/,ic9. His Birth, 190. P-^*Nut, Vol. n. 107. Pitmnto, in Jamaica, defcrib*d, 410. Pike, Land. Vol. II. 239. PineTree, in Barbados, defcribed. Vol. 11. 114. Piantine Tree, ib. 113. Plimouth Colony, in Neiv-England, fettled. Vol. I. 47, Unitedl with the other Colonies, 88. The Town defcribed, ib, Pocahonta, an Indian Princefs, in Firgiaia, her Kindnel^ to Capt.. Smith, Vol; I. 361. Stoln by Sir SanuteUrga/, 365. Chri- ftened, 366. Married to Mr. RtJI^tf, and carried to England, ib. Her Treatment at Court, 367. Her Death in England, ib, Poi/on Tree, in Barbados, delcrib*d, Vol.11. 107. Poijbn Weed, in Bermudas, ib. 454. /*o»frfl»fl/fTree, Vol. II. 110. Portland, Duke of, Governor of Jamaica, Vol. II. 368. His Peath, ^75, Port^ p* U Ni n J EH XI fcfif-Belb defcrib'. j PittAihatan 'J'own,,/^. .^^.g~^ 1. ,, , • :• ,'^, .""i '.' *: ' * . . • nii'. Frinct (^orgeQomtYmVn ^ii^^inia^Ae^ctiSifkAp Vof, I., 4p6.~^) Clatk^^jCoveTnotyi&y Cc^V^Al/ador Jwff Governor, his Ty- i^iiny^ ib, Mu^^^lberf^^Jfrley fx^^^^ A S^tion there, 427. ^"^nf, tHc> Pirate^ tWre,; 4^9* ,Mr. TratjOavef jBof , . ib. Hoqfa of Lprds peti'f Ion i^i^een Jme aboiM;*it,' 43 3 , 'Mr. ff^ebb Governor^ 430. Mr. EI. Uajket . G©vern9r, 431. Mr. Ligift/oot Gov^r^or^ 432. Mr, pir^bQov^)cnor\ ib. ,tapt. H'oodes Risers Govjernpp, 433. Qouneil. and chief Officers, 43^. (dumber oj^ Iivj^bitancs,^ 436-. InColent Claim pf the Sfaniafds to ihefelfl.'ii^d3^'437., '^Mutinjif oif^lje "Soldiers there, ■.438- ■' '* ■'■ ,.!.. ''i:. !-j!i ; iriJ* '■: i'4.i»ft\\».,'.s CL I .ii. 1»T si p-'iivjaA' z^ebecy attack'd by Sir yT^P^ips, Vol,;!. 140. _ ,,^^^ i"«-.u' R. •/••\ -,« -kJ. R'JTTLE SNJKJS, in Ne-w-Englandy Vol. I. 18.7..-, .,.< Rat'Plagut, in Bermud^iy Vol. II. 444. Rakvleigh, Sir JVa/ler, dikovers f^irginU j^y hisS^vznX^ Vpl* !• 346. Said to go there himfelf, 356. , ,, ,^ ReadtTigt in Ne-ue-Ettglandy defcrlb'd, Vol. I. I| Rhode- JJland, defcrib'c}. Vol. I. 203. . RUe Trade, great Increafe of. Vol. I. 5 19. ■Rfc/mond Qounty, \t[ Virginia, Vol, |.,4i2. . ^.^ ' Rotnokt Ifle, the firft X»and made by the Adventurers to Virginia^ Vol. I. 346. Rdtlfe, Mr. marries the Indian Princefs Poc^&ofita, Vol. I. 366. CallM in Queliion for it, ^6j. ;, . ^ ^_/' Roc^uet^ an Animal, defcrib'd. Vol. II. 264. -. Roxlury, in Neix^England, defcrib'd. Vol. I. 199. Rv7n, how made, Vof. II. 150, tt fiq, Ruiieri*^ Rh'cXf m Hud/on's Efay, firft fettled upon. Vol. I.. 544. '93' "S/, AMdfm^ t'- N ' jy E ■ XI t inA,rertio»,ih. luke, yd. il «• , » • , V ■. !• 1, V !>'< '• . „-.\ .V. 'jiVi t Wr -n.u. . '.'.- 1 . •'-/ -1 .'•y'ltxi!: ', Vol. IL 4? 2. 'or» 4>.4v M>-- rernor, his Ty- S. A S^tion ^r. Tri|f jOoyer- E aboitt.it,' 433. Goverja^r, 431. rnor', lA- ,Capt. chief Officers, It Claim pf the te;ap\<|ieM\hei:e, r J- • ■ •.--;. 4ip-w\s^'' „T -.'% P-'iir-Ji'V. ■'. .:?ri '.«'^'' ■ I. i8.7..-t .,.< crvants^^ Vol. I. irer? to Virginiat a, Vol. I. 366. I, Vol. I..S44- Ji^k'. 47$ n '.( aS ST. Jndrno*s Parifii, VnBarBoAtt Vol. II. loz. ^/. ^i^^mv^sPariih, in 7aMMifV«» Vol II. loo. . aar/'MMinv^sIfiand.ttken by Sir T. TtrnnbiUyoL II. 24c , eijif, it. Cflfiofher\ DifcoTcry, Vol. II. 158. Settled hy EnM and Frencbi 259. Sir STmu H^amtr Governor for the Engfi^t 260. Col. i^iVifr Governor, 261. Qinute, Soil and ProduQ, 362. Pariflies, 263. A fall Account of the Chauhbeam^ 26c, tt fi^. Mr. Ewrard GovemoTt 280. Sir ff^J&Mi Stafltttn Governor, 281. Sir Ar«//&. J«bnfin, ib, Engljfik fanender to the Frtntb^ ib. Recover*d by Gencaal Ctdrhgtw and Sir Tim. TlombiU, 288. S\t WiUimm Mattbnui Governor, 291. The CeiTion of it 10 the EngiUb by the Treaty of Utrteht, 294. Lands left by the Frtnebf 295. Coin raifol by the Lieutenant-Governor a- gainft the A(x, 296. Governor's Salary fettled, 298. St. DavitPh Parilh, in JoMHica, Vol. II. 388. \ . St. Doroibv% ib. 392. - ,, ., 't , St. EHxabetb^i ib. I... . St. Gnrgii Parifli, in Barbadat, Vol. II. 100. :'^' . fif/. Georgis Pariih, in Jamaica^ Vol. II. 393. . ^ j/. Gtcrgi*s Ifle, one of the Btrmudat, Vol. 11. 4481 «/^f . ^/. Jtigodtla Ve£U, in Jamaicm, built, Vol. II. 304. CbriJI. Ctbmbm made Duke of it, ib. PlunderM by Sir Ant. Shirley, 305. By Col. Jock/on, ib. Deftroyed by an Earthquake, 326. DefcribU 391. Sl.7amt^B?ui&i, in Barbadut Vol.11. 100. ^ St. Jam^% Parilh, in Jumaicot VoL II. 392. St. Jebn's Parifh, in Barbados, Vol. II. 102. St. Johtfi Pariih, in Jamaica, Vol. II. 391. St. JohH*% Town, in Newfmndiand, Vol. I. 13. t\itFrineb, 14. St. John's Town, \n Jtntego, Vol. II. 19^ St. JofifbS Parilh, in Barbados, Vol. II. 102. ' St. Katharifu\ Parilh, in Jamaica, Vol. II. 390. St. Lucia, defcrib*d. Vol. II. 171. The Right of x\itEngll/h io it, 172. The Fr^f/^ difpoflefsM, /^. Firfl Settlement aban- doned, ib. French complain of the Emgli/h taking Wood there, 173. Gov^rnpr of £an(afcj//*s Panlh, in Barbados, Vol.11. 98. St, Peter's Parilh, in Barbados, iQl, ^/. !r^c«///r, of A^#K.*]^i, his Ek^tio4 i|ainft %4>^;r. Vol.1. »4i. . ..^ • • »•' '• -..^^^ fi$0jMttgjt in MarylmkI, V' ^MS/frvaRoptilefocallUd^fcribM.Vol.IlJl^i^. , •dbmny^/Coanty, inJMiry/'*'^* Vd. I. 339» ,/ l^peight'i Tdwn, in B^t^adu, d'efcribV), Vol.fl. lot. SfaJtrs of Btrmti4fa>t F/rj^/)t/a, VoL I. 4i«. .' .- • ^i^/( County, in Nrw£«f^//^, Vol. I. 193.- £<^tfr,lanted, 145,^^^. How made, 148, , ^Jiq. " How cUy*d, 1 52. How refined. 1 f If. Jattmiea Sugar, 396. Surinam Colony, abandoned by the Englijh, Voh ^Ih 316. ^•rrjf County, in W^jrvKi, Vol. 1. 405. 5j^x County, in PekfyheMi».Vo\. I. 304. - • - - - ^•K»rf/-Tree, in Bartadojt, Vol. 11. 108.; Si^«fw, firft brought ihto £«fAjW, Vol. I.- 347. Severe Tax upon it, 394. How made, 442. Of MMry/and, y^o. Of Jamaica ^ Vol. il. 410. ftf^arrojfweet-rcented. Vol. I. 410, 442. ^ortoi/tytht Filhfocaned, Account of it^ Vol. 11. 406, Trtack, how made. Vol. II. 1 58. ^ygeti^ flying, defcribM, Vol. II. 441. ' w t > \ . u.: , 1 ♦ » FifrrParilh, inyamateay Vol. If. 392. ' . jtirgir.ia, its Difcovcry by Sir Wnher RaUigh\ DircAion, Vol. I. , 346. Amidai und Barhiv's Voyage, ii. -Tobacco firft brought .into England, 347. Mr. RaJph Larte^ fii^ Governor, 348. ^'ix Frwicii Dfaie heref 349. Firft Settieinenf ends, 350. Se- «■/•'■ 3 cond Stid S^ttkn^^i/, i^. Dc0ro>ed, 3$i. Third Sfct|eaiem. i4. r. J, frlutt, Qbi|vc«nior, ik. The Indian Maoteo chriileoed, ib. An ^ikI, o^jth^ third Settlement, 35a. Capt,, C/f/iMtA^^ Voyage, 3C3. Capt. Pr/Ws Voyage, 354. Capt. IVeymutb*% Voyage, w. The South Firgj^ia Company, 35c. Capt. Ntw pprt here, 356. Firft Colony that remained, it, Mr. ^iwj^- //A/Prefident, 3*7* Capt, Jli^C tht Colony, 362. L(E)r(^ A<>^iva/:« Governor, 3 d3. Si^ T\ Dajlt fi/Ur^ ftial General, /i. Sir 7. G. ^ Samue' Dutch 9Ai Sir (?. r«r4 Governor, i*. "Tl\e, i|rf^ ^KtnMXy^ '*. Si A ^af Goye/nqr, ib^ Thq.J^iij^, msiiJftCT^.by, thi^. MY^rds.thf A^ountaini, i/r, Col. paeon's Matiny^ -1^ The Cau(en o< it, 382^, T-he In^i^ ikir, 383. Bifcmi:)io(ta General by the People, 384. Quarrel with thjq Goyefi)9r#. 385, Enters Jamej Town with his Army, ib. The Governor flies from him, 386. Gentlemen join with him, ib. Dies, 387. Herbert Jejreys, Efq; Deputy- Governor, 389. Sir fF. Berkley dies in England^ ib. Peace with the Indians^ ib. Sir H. Chickley Deputy-Governor, 390. Lord Colepepper Governor, ib. Salary 2000/. a Year, ib. Riot about Tobacco, 391. Lord Colepeffer gets the northern Necky 392. Lord Howard, o^ Effingham^ Go- vemor,393. Tlie Impuft'onTobacco,394.. Nath.Bacon, Efqi Pre- fident, 395. A College fet on Foot, ib. Francis Nicholfon, Efq; Lieutenant- Go\;i^or, It. S\T.^dmu»^jindrot.,GovernQr, 399. Col. AiVAo/ySa Governor, 398. Earl of Ori»^ Governor, 400. Edward Notte, Efq; Deputy-Governor, ib. Col. Spoi/weod De- puty-Governor, 401. His Scheme for a general Houfing of Tobacco, ib. Pirates hang'd, 402. Hugl Dri/dale, Efqj Go* vernor, ib. Major Gauge Governor, 403. Geographical De- fcription of it, 404. cte/eafeai Bay, /^o^. Sweet-fcented To- bacco, 410. VFilliamJburgh defcrib*d, ib. and 436. Hills ir.. Firginia, 414. Of the Inhabitants, Englj/^ and Indians, 416, et/eq. Government, 430, et feq. Church Affairs, 434, etfeq. Climate, Soil. Product, 43S, et feq. Beafts, Birds and Filh, 443, ttfei. Coin and Trade, 447, etfeti. S»te, 452. ^ Uni'verjity, V/f 47« i if- Wli^t.>f^' V VnhHrJStf, \n Ntvt'Emglani, an Accoant of it, VoL I. ff 13, rtftf» Fmg*t * ^*ty dancerous one, by Sea, Vol. II. 445. l^Sin, Stit, a Fift To call'd, defcrib'd. Vol. II. 196. ..A;,,:J. ,i./i^ A Ml WJLES, new, !n KuJJiifvBay, Vol. I. 54c. Wmiltr, Idmuni, Efqi tt BtnmuUit, Vol. tl. 446. Hit Verfetnpon it, 45 j. ir«rwiViGoanty, ip Viriima^ Vol. I. 409. T f UM ' HfHttbirsJkU, in M«c^iijAi«y, built, Vol. I. 66. * ^* '> «F>r4/, Spirit in 7««Mi«i, Vol. II. 411. ^. :ili^:i3 IFVM«r#2a«i Gbuntv, in Fir^Miff, Vol. 1. 41 a. 1^ Nnujtrfth tne Hiftory of. Vol. I. aoi, «<7}f. _ .^ »%fA» about irf»w^, V«. II. A5fc. Ail ^8 mitrwotd Trte, ' in Jamaifa, Vol. II. 40}. ' mUiam/htrg, Town of, in l^r^iivja, defcnb*d. Vol. I. 406. • ' ^ MO'/fm, in C«f»/b«, Vol. I. 5 13. H^imd-milit, in B»rhmtht, an Account of then. Vol. II. 147, Witthti perfecuted in Imo-Englaml, Vol. I. 148, #/ fej, /^W,i#«/,injr«rA«i .;:;-! -J ;i . ;. :. -r 1 ,'->i.i7W ' r '.'''^ '^ '.'.un"i.i(ft 'ilj^'j... ■•> "v .i'H'.? :,-\iyy^..^y ■ • • • • ' ' ... -. ' -; r - - ....,,-. ,- .,5 > 'I '^^ 4^6. Hit 406; •'; )i. II. 147, • > ' ' 7 ' it! - • {"''N ' T ■ ', '\mimtt'MV