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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 wmm ^1 FINANCES AND TRADE OF CANADA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TEAB 18 5 5. >X '- '. -'-• >r,-> By WILLIAM CAYLEY, Esq. INSPECTOR-GENERAL OF CANADA. JAMES RIDGWAY, N9 169, PICCADILLY. "--"■'■ 1866. . -: ' tONDON : PBINTF.I) BY T. BRETTELL, KUPEHT STREET, HAYMARKET. ^ FINANCES AND TRADE. " That operation which, in the case of a private trader, is " called 'taking stock,' is not unbecoming to the dignity or " unsuited to the interests of a nation. It is customary and " convenient at certain periods, to look into the several sources " of our public income, and the several branches of our public * " expenditure ; to compare them with similar heads of revenue " and disbursement in former years ; and to survey the move- ♦' ments of trade of banking, and of other pecuniary interests " which admit of being expressed in numbers." Preface to Finances and Trade of the United Kingdom, at the beginning of the year 1852. By Sir G. C. Lewis. The opeitition which has been so justly com- mended as becoming the dignity, and not unsuited IIWnBQPS^iil^S*^^^ to the interests of a great nation, will not be considered as inappropriate to the position, or less important to the interests, of a colony, of an off- shoot of that country to which it is the boast of Canada to be allied by many a kindred tie ; and although more than one pen has recently been employed in describing the resources of our richly endowed country, — her political and social institu- tions, — her actual condition and future prospects, — a tabular return of the more prominent statistics of the Province may yet be found to have its use: while the adoption of reciprocal freedom of trade between the United States of America and the British North American Provinces, offering fresh incentives to enterprise, and " inaugurating," in the language of Lord Elgin, " a new era in the " commercial history of Canada," appears to furnish the fitting opportunity for " taking stock," the breathing moment, before entering upon a more extended sphere of action, to review our finances and trade, and our social condition. The first table submitted, is a return of the public income and expenditure for the year 1854, in the shape in which it is annually laid before the Provincial Parliament. Table B, gives a comparative view of these returns, carried back to the period of the union of Upper and Lower Canada, in the year 1841*. Other tables follow, to which reference is made in the text. WILLIAM CAYLEY. Quebec, June 1865. ♦All the amounts are given in the currency in use in the Province ; to convert sterling into currency, add a fifth and the twelfth of a fifth ; to convert currency into sterling, multiply by sixty, and divide by seventy-three. '■^- *f'*^ . /a»* s- iZ Essreaiiiiiatiaii MS 00 CO 00 o a 00 .3 O kT eo n OS «0 eo §3-1 : E « 2 £ ^ ■" ^ 2 «, so B r- - 5)2; a >> .» o - - o C o o n 3a „5 2;S •J . (3 ^ k5 a' 2 r-" ■^J > a SI I ag "3 '^ S S " * .^ M .2 si a » .2 a ^ 00 60 s a ^ CJ -a * .s K *i S 1^ 4; O X hsa<)£p,i*;=i^o O 1> M a ca ^ :l (X r^ 1*/ «B ««^ l; U H CQ M ^ o 00 •^ t« 00 o eo 00 25 « o 17^ t- .-»#»-(©000«WO»eSOi«OOOOi» •XXXO»00>-0 0*aOOt»Op^OCO >-io?xoxaDaoot»c-^ 05l.--Op-C»OOO'??«O'0J =*J^- r-l D t- 8 XO>"l.'»f-'->OOt-C3C:Or-t ow»iox-^X'-'C»c?'^ oo — eoo w -f CS X t» p- c» I- o I- 3 3 1-5 -a ^ a o 2 a a 9 a ^ 5 .2 " o > -B ^ 2 .4J o w "^ '5 .^ 3 r3 • • • • • • • • 01 ■!= • w .■S > . 3 • C t . O e) = :a •Si :5 . to 1i J • a -e Ir : => * *. • -3 2 0^ 09 . 03 • c • a 3 • 3 o 35 1^ 1 3< J CO o -^ X o t~ 03 »> OJ J^ -jt X CO .t;y.ir»>.i3<»>j*c>!s;»"""''' .s ■ ^ a PQ 3 H "^^ w M *^ '*' «w_j •* ^ ^ "" vw a \** •♦-* fc^ ''■• 2-5 lUe }6 7 16 12 \7 16 ?l 19 9 15 7 348. s. 10 18 12 3 7 9 3 13 5 2 4 12 / m Wi mi 8s'o? •3^ l.'iT^,)^' *"<;^*jif,.» •**«*♦" «^>T>fr.^^Mu,.-.,\v»T«^'■•-|^'*■ »v;:'-r*•^i^'V. T ♦■«^»JUVl^J%l»|^' j'WriAjifc'rt 1 1 J^;' JllpMlMnNlMi r 1 ^ i|i( W.> i' i i i ii> w^i r jji | "nij*BlBW^J^ , al,^ |( m i W « H-|| Wl ^l* f * 3 ^•r •C A* i' w w urijj awii wwiw . im i **HBBll>»i'!»iii*i"'rtliiiiiWi'i>wi Table B. Am Abstract Statement of the Revenue and Expenditcre of the Province of Canada applicaUe t HiADi or Rbtiitdb. 1642. 1643. 1844. 1840. 1846. 1847. 184d. Customi Ezoiae, Revenue from Publio Works, . . Territorial, Bank ImpoBts, ...... Casual Revenue, Totals, Cnrrenoj, . . £, £. $. d. 265,386 11 10| 31,925 6i 16.369 15 2 25,795 3 8i 10,277 8 1 16,861 10 8 £. i. d. 218,984 4 94 30,624 11 26,076 11 1} 27,223 7 10} 7,600 16 11 10,628 1 11 £. $. d. 429,722 11 4} 34,370 6 26,624 11 U 0,180 18 6| 10,402 10 6 10,392 8 1 £. $. d. 410,001 7 8} 20,277 11 6i 27,001 4 3i 22,871 5 10 13,020 17 1 21,694 10 8| £. $. d. 891,171 1 8 18.640 8 48,480 7 4 23,520 1 10,809 1 1 16,377 11 £. «. d. 381,063 11 10 26,620 14 8 42,567 8 6 26,767 15 6 16,006 7 2 12,620 17 1 £. i. , 804,868 7 28,640 12 : 24,057 16 3,161 1< 12,473 1 1 7,029 ' 866,605 4 Hi 820,987 13 8 010,763 6 624,366 16 9} 512,998 18 8 606,826 14 8 870,645 7 ( Heads or Expixditubb. 1842. 1843. 1844. 1845. 1840. 1847. 1346. Interest on Publio Debt, . . . Civil Oovemment, Administration of Justice, . . Provincial Penitentiary, . . . Legislature Education, Agricultural Societies, .... Hospitals and other Charities, . PubUc Works, Militia, £. s. d. 70,644 8 1 48,658 6 2 68,081 8 2 3,600 16,076 10 1 22,863 14 2 2,001 10 11,620 6 30,932 1 2 2,004 18 1 2,453 14 10 2,066 13 4 12,079 8 3 47,29*9**0 1 6,706 7 4 £. 1. d. 96,364 19 2 34,904 10 6 47,000 5 11 6,528 12 7 20,342 13 8 18,842 14 4 2,660 12 7 6,221 10 4 14,618 13 6 2,038 7 6 2427 10 11 588 17 3 14,812 14 • • • • 6,401* 1*2 0} £. $. d. 123,641 12 8i 28,831 6 4 66,561 18 4 10,901 8 5 25,596 2 06,349 17 7 8,349 15 6 7,063 12 1 7,043 18 8 2,004 1 8 6,160 11 6,340 8 12,364 7 54,0*68*1*3 4 30,004 10 11} £. : d. 143,783 7 33,040 4 10 54,708 11 13,000 60,601 11 4 70,603 17 11 7,632 14 10 14,022 6 11 77,108 1 2,366 6 5 4,086 1 2,440 1 8 12,805 11 7 • • • • 27,8*76 1*6 6 £. «. d. 147,951 16 5 29,224 12 6 59,088 10 7 16,350 51,064 2 68,084 17 1 6,013 2 6 14,609 17 4 78,306 10 1 2,938 10 6 5,533 12 7 2,987 14 6 11,707 2 8 22.4*32**6 8 £. 1. d. 151,140 8 3 38,416 2 7 52,662 6 11 12,762 1 8 46,177 6 6 01,706 18 3 8,446 14 15,464 6 41,123 1 2,003 15 6 4,404 7 000 8 7 10,008 10 7 • ■ • • 16,822**4 6 £. $. I 169,187 10 ( 83,804 18 ' 68,082 12 ! 16,000 ( 39.231 3 f 64,780 7 i 0,378 9 1 12,709 8 : 12,167 13 1 1,847 5 4,823 2 1 75i 4 ! 10,848 1 6,055 i 16,000 ( 20,322 12 Maintenance of Light-houses, . Emigration, Pensions, Indian Annuities, Sinking Fund, &c Miscellaneous, ToTAis, Ctirrency, . . . £. 350,638 12 8 264,829 19 8} 448,001 6 Hi 523,463 6 605,328 12 4 1 468.031 17 1 474,401 3 * Increased by £.146,000 on account . ,^j^> , ..v,i»«ri«i«fww ■■*^*" J*""" '■' .*? .>vrr»f':-<'*J~i^*---''- f*-*^ «v;.<»i'«M> ir^ -•MhVI -^ ... ,, ' 1 ...... _.'.~«»f<*»>rt(^«»'»-'i-i-' .-.Mr » ■■^■: 5 ' *. Table C. An Abstract of the Public Debt of the Province of Canada, at the several periods sterling Debentures in England, , Provincial Debentures in Canada, Balances due to Banking Institutions, , Totals, Currency, 1 St January, 1842. £. s. d. 033,055 11 1 413,219 1 2 65,904 10 7| 1,411,230 11 10| 1st January, 1843. £. s. d. 1,050,004 14 6 400,069 1 3 38,149 3 4| 1,668,212 18 111 31st .fannary, 1844. \£. s. d, ],67|9,106 18 6 40^0^ 1 ^ 2,1T \060 10 8 31st January, 1840. £. I. d. 3,499,333 18 1 444,770 11 3 3,944,004 3 31st January, 1846. £. «. d. 2,884,753 9 lU 450,420 11 2 3,341,173 1 31st January, 1847. £. s. 4 3,054,211 16 4i\ 541,220 11 2 8,595,432 6 6 31st Janqary, 18 3,140,29^ 17 611,520 11 L751,^ t If the Sinking Fond of £.540,036 7<. were dedil , amoi T 4BLE B. )f Canada applicaUa to the Consolidated Fund for Thirteen Yean, from 1841 to 1854 inolusire. 847. •. d. 3 11 10 14 8 7 8 7 16 7 17 6 14 8 184d. X. «. d. 804,868 7 4 26,646 12 2 24,057 16 3,161 10 12,473 1 7,0a» 9 7 870,646 7 8 1840. £. t. d. 412,626 18 6 21,131 16 8 42,616 1 7 0,668 14 7 10,763 4 6 16,725 7 3 613,431 2 11 1860. £ ». 68.1,630 10 20,017 13 62,668 17 21,714 18 13,312 6 13,004 17 11 704,234 2 6 1851. £. 1. d. 708,700 14 20,180 18 8 66,008 10 8 10,061 6 10 16,882 7 7 17,600 4 6 842,184 5 3 1863. £. J. d. 706,617 15 10 22/45 11 11 71,424 3 10 32,248 12 7 18,089 2 10 20,005 10 4 880,531 4 1868. £. $. d. 086.607 16 10 22,628 8 7 77,680 10 3 64,147 16 10 28,063 10 21,210 17 1,106,178 13 1 1804. £. $. d, 1,168,018 1 17,288 1 88,236 10 6 71,216 26,770 10 ft 36,601 10 7 1,402,081 18 8 847. 1348. 1840. 1860. 1861. 1852. 1863. 1864. *. d. £. $. d. £. H. d. £. 1. d. £. >. d. £. ». d. £. ». d. £. 1. d. 6 8 3 160,187 10 6 182,727 10 11 202,130 12 6 225,350 3 11 215,442 14 8 227,383 15 1 226,131 16 7 6 2 7 33,804 18 7 32,251 11 33,086 8 1 40,066 19 30,618 12 6 86,103 17 6 42,872 8 4 2 6 11 68,088 12 3 62,530 16 6 86,583 10 1 85,143 1 7 86,785 16 11 80,134 12 1 06,768 18 1 2 18 15,000 13,800 0,050 5,000 6,000 7,000 5,000 7 5 20.231 3 8 59,264 10 3 40,407 16 47,606 17 6 47,774 18 6 66,287 6 88,812 6 8 5 18 3 64,780 7 3 30,601 10 7 63,727 2 10 66,162 12 3 65,808 18 101^335 19 2 71,281 6 14 0,37S 6 8,585 4 18,086 8 4 12.017 li 1 13,704 13 8 13,811 16 4 18,168 4 6 12,700 3 1 12,422 14 14,986 6 17,577 8 8 13,039 8 4 27,809 3 21,775 16 6 3 1 12,167 13 11 1,971 17 3 2,634 6 8 1,055 15 6 1 • • . • • • • 32,776 12 3 3 15 5 1,847 6 1 2,084 11 1 2,125 8 1,886 5 2,116 8 2,083 10 2 2,167 14 6 4 7 4,823 2 11 4,860 11 10 6,065 1 7 6,166 10 7 8,248 7 2 17,377 12 21,508 8 9 8 7 7di 4 2 608 6 6 762 4 2 906 1 11 752 4 2 762 4 2 698 6 6 8 10 7 10,848 12,830 3 4 0,965 12 6 0,547 3 7 10,634 5 10 11.643 2 10,708 7 • • • 6,655 6,655 6,655 7,756 7,755 7,766 6,655 • • • 15,000 • • • • • • • • 73,000 •210,000 73,000 73,000 « 2 4 6 20,222 12 7 10,788 13 4 40,100 12 10 33,624 16 1 60,364 6 63,267 16 2 204,816 15 6 1 17 1 474,491 3 6 450,013 8 2 532,063 12 4 034,666 6 8 707,126 2 4 744,106 17 023,030 11 7 ised by £.146,000 on account of Arrears. , t ^4,»Q t«-W »,'?'- >*WVi^r*w *-;«VMI»*««J'*^'«^-***-*"'>*"*^-«-**'*^*" l^^lj^-JUz't" t^'---— - • «» .;*i ff n- ^•%^M" <**■■ .y« * •* Table C. .-..l:i.:..: ..*•«■'♦■•» 4 *S* S .i- ^ -^i-;*f-^-»***f*-.t»!-i.-.«^,.-..^„.»*pfc.-»4ta»» ■,-)r»/.'- 8 6 3,873,314. 7 4,086,634 8 4,512,468 14 9 4,461,961 17 8 4,666,103 5 3 4,621,280 8 7 t4,353,049 6 7<. were dedil : amount would Btand £.3,804,012 I89. 9d. •-K«fj|fe*«llil«^*^^^^ iw.'i . > 4,.tt>i>«^;*^«o^fatf»^jftrfi*--*ri<^ "t^yiwgif ^H^r u ^>M-f i^'^H'.fl m ii r.*^ •*1 '*8 t o g ^^ L%.!i,j|pX" - "L i.^-..ii Ktj i^ricrtiu T-fti.-jy*f y:#««^vV4^.(fltf;iif •v/v^rJVsa.K-j. «H'»-f.':.i.u-»-_-=-*»rf«.<*»,Mn.j<^>v'^v^**./. f . - t ■* ■ ■ , *«.«».-* -. -\ ^»h X) I. . -'i > U>* "^'^'t K,' V'.. ^ ■.•■■■ * ■■/ttC',^ ,«.'/'9r'- tr,r*f, f»» ><4y>',^-') '.*{|''-' «WtA,V" ..^,-^ :*^- '**•• -.■i»r»^--u^.'A*.<- ai^^f«;^ f iir« i^>f yw'S'«6»»' j*- * jlb-if Af> ww**w».»- -— . ■a « s s H M H H ^ H .t»iHiO ^ * "ft 'H CO O t- Q 00 t» ■O CD Q C9 O « W © (»« lOTO « « CO t» CO fH a * ■ o ?o ri< 0 O t1< CO iQ fl «« 4d -^d *« 4« O ■< ^i <; O ■« W -^d O -Ht o ^ o o o eso t- o o 05 i- O • Cft -^co ^ aTcow t- fH CO o ^^ « o >* ooo 09 ca o CO ■<* o '^-'^ a eo O so ■« CO J. a> o o Ol o c «tj ee o o C6 o t* o o i-t o -H i-H O CO O 1-1 O i-l o» t- cj eo o O »4 O) ■ o « fit » tB 13 ""a ^ M ■a * «+l o CO CO cf :P4 o P « d cj B 9 d O •c S « ts O CM ■n OS 1-^ 91 ^: oa >a CO ifS so o a A CO Its eo o CO ■*■ eo eo iffl 00 US CO CO eo 1—1 s« u d fc a o 03 "a o E-t * # ,-^?#"';3;i ■|w?'''5.^^^r V , ;i ,: ^'':ii- Table E. A Statement of Debenttjees issued on behalf of various Special Accounts, for which the Government is partially liable, up to 31st January, 1865. ON WHAT ACCOUNT. AUTHORITY. Amount. Onebeo Fire Loan ................ 9 & 10 Vic. caps. 62 and 55 9 Vic. cap. 33 £. $. d. 83,110 3,000 24,250 30,000 47,157 9 10 486,666 13 4 730,000 577,916 13 4 2,203,991 13 4 1,172,916 13 4 Law Society, Upper Canada Lunatic Asvlum 9 Vic. cap. 61, and 12 Vic. cap. 32 13 & 14 Vic. caps. 2 and 68 12 Vic. cap. 112 Upper Canada BuUding Fund Court Houses, Lower Canada St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railroad . . Great Western Railroad 14 & 15 Vic. cap. 73 Do. do ,, liuron, Ontario, and Simcoe Railroad Grand Trunk Railroad Do. do. •••••■••I... Consolidated Municipal Loan 16 Vic. cap. 22 Total, Currency ....£. 5,359,009 3 2 Table F. Statement shewing the Cost of the Chief Provincial Works. St. Lawrence Canals Welland Canal Cbambly Canal and River Richelieu Lake St. Peter Burlington Bay Canal Ottawa Works Harbours and Light Houses ^£.209,242 15 10 Montreal Harbour 120,356 13 4 ImproTements of the Trent Roads and Bridges, Upper Canada Do. do. Lower Canada i;.222,106 1 8 Do. do. do. Montreal Turnpike Trust 50,750 Do. do. do. Quebec do 33,N82 (> Provincial Penitentiary Miscellaneous £ M. 1,670,342 1,671,776 104,662 73,658 62,773 s. 4 6 16 15 7 145,994 15 G 3 5 1 410,599 9 2 1 139,020 11 Ol 813,670 16 4 306,738 1 8 ' 34,207 15 1 174,014 nji 5,307,864 17 8i i icconnts, for L856. Amount. M. 5. d. j3,110 3,000 24,250 30,000 47,1 S7 9 10 1 86,666 13 4 30,000 77,916 13 4 03,991 13 4 .72,916 13 4 159,009 3 2 rks. M. s. 670,843 4 ,671,776 6 104,662 16 73,558 16 62,773 7 145,904 16 6 3 01 5 a 1 410,599 9 2 1 13», Province incun'ed for the public service, and to distinguish them from those engagements into which the Province has entered on behalf of others, and for which security has been taken, as in the case of Railway Companies and certain Municipal Coi-porations. Tables D and E shew the liabilities of the Province in detail, under these two heads. Referring to Table C, it would appear that the Public Debt was gradually on the increase from the year 1842 to 1852 inclusive, from an amount under one million and a half, to a sum con- siderably exceeding four millions and a half; since which period, a reduction, somewhat exceeding £.300,000, has been effected. A still more favourable case may be made out, however, if the Province takes credit, which she is fairly entitled to do, for the Sinking Fund, seeing that the Imperial Loan is charged in the statement; taking into account then, this Sinking Fund, it will appear that the reduction of the Public Debt commenced in 1851, and that it stood at the commencement of this year at £.3,800,000 in round figures. A still further important reduction will be made during the course of the year, upon the details of which it is unnecessary now to enter, as sufficient evidence may be collected from the statements submitted, to shew that the finances of the Province are in a healthy and satisfactory condition. Miscellaneous. This item as the name imports, embraces a u variety of services: — aid to public institutions, surveys, printing, annuities, and compensations, steam-tug contracts on the St. Lawrence, protection of the Gulf fisheries, &c. The disbursements entered under this head for the year 1854, have been much increased by the following charges : — Rideau Canal, £.9,767 ; Settlement of Waste Lands, £.39,300; Patriotic Fund, £.24,300; Public Buildings, £.62,000. It also includes that portion of the cost and repair of public works which is defrayed out of the annual revenue, and not pro- vided for by special loan. Revenue. A very cursory glance at the returns under this head, — Table B, — will shew that the customs form the chief source of income to Canada, and that upon the judicious exercise oC the power entrusted to the Provincial Legislature in this respect, the commerce, revenue, and social condition of the people, mainly depend. The principles of free trade and protection have been as freely discussed here as elsewhere, and each opinion has had its warm supporters ; the present bias of Canada is clearly indicated by the universal feeling of satis- faction created by the treaty which has recently been effected, establishing reciprocal freedom of trade between the Colonies and the United States of America; and it may be observed here that, from the period when England changed her com- mercial policy, and preferential duties were abolished 15 in Canada by the Provincial Act of 1846, duty for revenue purposes only has been the financial policy of the several administrations which have succeeded each other in office. , . ; r Taking the first three years of the series over which the table extends, it will be observed that the revenue exhibits but a small surplus over the appropriations for the public service. In the five following years, from 1845 to 1849 inclusive, the income and expenditure are nearly balanced; in the early part of this second period, — the spring of 1846 the custom's tariff was remodelled, — the distinction between British and Foreign goods abolished, and the average rate of duty reduced. In 1849, another revision of the tariff took place, by which the revenue was much improved, and the net aggregate income for the five years, embraced in this third period, to the commencement of the present fiscal year, has yielded a surplus over expenditure of within a fraction of one million four hundred thousand pounds; the years 1853 and 1854 reaching to je.450,000 and ;e.480,000. Excise. The increase and decrease in the collections returned under this head, — Table B, — require some notice. During the years 1842, 3, and 4, the tavern license fees formed a part of the consolidated revenue; in 1844 they were appropriated by Act of Parliament to special purposes, and ceased to be brought to account; in 1847 a fresh duty was jiptert»i*aiM(i.<^'a;_ »ffl*A;.a "I imposed on the distillation of spirits, which was again modified in 1849 ; in the year 1853, another special appropriation was made of a portion of the revenue collected under this head, and its eflfect is seen inthe diminished returns of 1854. Casual Revenue. In the return for the year 1854, the sum of £.19,900 is included, being the insurance on the Parliament building sand furniture, recently des- troyed by fire at Quebec ; in Table B, the several items of fines, forfeitures, and law fee fund, are comprised under this head. Important reductions were effected by the legis- lature last autumn, in the duties on sugar, tea, coffee, &c., and large additions made to the list of free goods ; the immediate effect of these changes, it was anticipated, would be to reduce the revenue some £.110,000 or £.130,000. The diminution of the revenue for the current year, will, there is every reason to expect, far exceed these limits, caused in part by the large importations of last year, the fall in the price of timber, and the hesitation of the merchant, under present circumstances, to embark freely upon large commercial transactions. The following Tables will convey some idea of the character and growth of the trade of Canada ; of what her staple products and chief articles of import consist, and the quantity of shipping that annually frequents her ports. ! 1 17 No. 1. A Statement shewing the Value of the Imports and Exports of the Province of Canada, from 1849 to 1854, both inclusive. Years. Import<4. Exports. Currency. Currency. 1341 .£. <. d. 2,694,160 14 6 2,217,160 2 d. 2t The Value of Exports for these Years are 1842 ".,588,032 13 2 1,570,976 8 4 confined to Mon- 1843 2,421,806 16 4 1,603,516 8 8 treal and Quebec. 1844 4,.'»3 1,050 17 4 2,044,426 4 ■ no Returns from 1845 4,191,325 16 6 2,536,635 4 10 tho Inland Ports 1846 4,515,621 1 11 2,390,755 9 2 having been fur- nished. 1847 3,U09,e92 14 11 2,680,382 11 10 1848 3,191,328 5 10 2,801,777 11 4 1849 3,002,891 18 3 2,668,244 18 4 1800 4,245,517 3 6 2,990,428 9 1851 6,358,697 12 7 3,241,180 3 9 1852 3,071,623 8 11 3,826,901 16 6 ■.' '■ - 1 ■ ..1 1853 7,995,850 1 1 5,990,325 15 4 1854 10,132,331 6 9 6,764,797 10 9 1 '^•"^■'•" ' No. 2.. ■ ^'^"'■■'" ' JI.E contrasting the Value of the Importations of 1852 and 1854, and shewing the Articles in which the greatest Increase took place. 1862. 18 54. INCREASK. Value. Duty, Value. Duty. Value. Duty. £, £. £. £. £. ial Goods) pported / 5,071,623 739,203 10,182,331 1,224,751 5,000,708 485,488 IF Abticlbs. les St Spirits ars . . . OQS . , . (Hens . . i*&HKriU\ are . . j binery . . • • • ( tf. . . . r)8,269 232,677 774,101 767,218 782,009 88,260 118,475 96,774 95,901 6n,166 203,142 854,004 1,269,087 1,354,361 2,017,777 113.094 139,733 158,636 169,295 136,509 171,882 121,927 484,896 687,143 1,235,768 54,834 21,258 61,862 73394 70,343 61,142 200,547 6,781 7,642 25,068 841 214,806 875,605 127,703 26,860 46,0.')0 16,063 153,664 175,058 .120,972 19,208 21,882 15,122 large propo rtion of the Increase is i ♦ No n lails and »w duty free. bars, at a du tyof£,2 10 ». per cent B 18 No. 3. Comparative Table of tTie PrincipiJ Articles of Import for 185!) «t)d 1854, anJ giving the per contago of Increase or Decrease on each Article. ABTICLBS OF IMPORT. Sugar, Beiiiietl . Ditto, Raw . Molasses . Tea .... Tobacco « . Brandy Gin . Whisky Wine .... Fruits .... Spices . . Leather, Tamind . OU . . . . Cottons Wooll«*' Fish . . . - . Indian Com 1868. RECAPIIUtATION. Gouds pB^iOg specific and ad. val. duty Goodb :it 00 per cent. Goods at. 2<') „ Goods at V.l\ „ Goods at !ij „ Free Goods. . Total Value of Goods 204,919 08,370 390,105 117,964 d4,b91 12,941 24,463 b\,9Sl 48,700 19,888 58,402 08,(nJ6 1,315,085 1,364,265 133,414 ea.o.')^ 52,502 43,307 360,.')80 111,916 1 12,327 33,709 53,005 048,720 407,404 34;t.^93 25,159 103,240 48,022 01,930 «. <^. 6 4 9 17 9 5 18 10 17 7 9 6 11 8 13 4 8 11 5 8 8 8 10 1 15 14 12 8 3 4 4 3 4 9 2 14 1 10 u 14 16 2 7 9 11 6 18 1 9 9 r» 5 4 1 6 9 4 14 1864. 1,042,791 7 08,.';0!J 1^' 22,014 5,121,173 7 1,290,805 :> 443,997 Id 8 I 3 1 £.7,995,859 1 1 £. 58^19 801,185 64,288 868,210 121,752 72,877 16,597 60,()80 71,270 59.121 17,184 88,739 77,597 1,269,087 1,354,301 125,873 68,703 80,347 ■ 52,428 875,805 160,951 214,800 38,538 99,850 860,5^8 759,033 398,585 127,708 119,815 59,852 177,785 «. d. b 10 9 11 5 7 1 14 10 10 15 11 II 10 3 1 8 11 17 4 4 6 9 4 17 9 16 6 6 1 9 3 10 10 10 3 11 1 4 14 11 9 3 13 14 5 J 4 1 7 13 8 10 6 1,191,095 o7,llO 46,037 6,149,754 1,954,297 703,435 16 7 7 7 10 17 INCBEABK and DECREASE. 9 R 11 4 1 10,132,331 6 9 per cent. 60 Increase 14 Deoreaao. Increase. 20 7 3 109 „ 30 „ 146 „ 46 85 „ 11 Decrease. 52 Increase. U „ 3 Deftrea.sf', 8 Increase. 6 Decreasf. I Increase. 63 „ 2.'] „ 4 „ 41 ., 91 „ 14 „ 87 „ 3o „ 80 10 „ 407 „ 16 25 „ 187 14 27 112 20 50 58 n » 27 d 8 3 3 00 ii • ■"■^^ li f eo « 00 •1 t» a H 3 2 «0 tt «- w M • e> CO O* od" v5 CO C5 ft «o d •-• •>J O I' ao o c <-i ,{ n e» «n r- t" ^^ a r-l l-H M s 00 o o5 g s • St) "t ^. » .q. ^ •?. 1 § -* cT •^ O fr- -> '* >-i M i-H ph 1% ee o CO CO o 00 • 1-^ ^ r^ w 9« cr; i.c 00 « t- IN a» eo iH <« s ^ « CO > <.-" o iH 03 -< «o t- ®« "^ --l <^ o M « « •«• -r C'f ocT S >* .•-( _ •f »< « o . •« o Q 00 S ^ ©J O eo t- 1^ iH 1-1 o iH ^ ®. ^- "^ »> > ^ O^ t «o -H op ^«« o HI 1M !l .1 . t . -IV V ^J'Jft; •'-''.'> 03 >o ^ L 00 M X a 01 o a fa.® T»B"!r *S • .— I I— I ^ « « Q C5 c o 95 «o , ^ « OD C» O* t- 1-1 '^ «^^•»l<'-'^'CJ^-c O a) 5* o «o O ' •ft » fH -N O ■ cT t~r -(T -w 00 eo >c 00 CS (M rt «0 >— rH « o "H eo ■5?" eo w ^ ^ c* «*) C O w o i-* « c* >-l CO iN 1-- rl C: T)t O O c* ; o cv » o ■* O OS I- 0»-~* \A^ ^ ' -^ v.* ^pw .~ 1-^ « o_ w X c_ eo 00 50 00 eo PQ 05 C- — I or.' ao so t* to tH o» f t» o t- 00 «1t.O? 00 ;* t- (?} p-t C! t— ^ r-t -i s. ! o KO « t^ to PL, 2 • 2 •S s £. Ch s • 3 .S VJ l*t O or rr « O « «0 i-( Iff KO C l~ O l> ■># O X c?» «ft '■^ fh 00 o » oi oT -^ i-i lO eo CJ i-H (M a* CI r). F- CO too I- o CI eo O: W OS f-t eo ei ^ ^ i 'i^^ f Pi o o-^ 09 i-i * I f •^ 2 j3 -4) o S > 5 e.5r s Si Z ^B^ B <^SOZ-<^« 2 o - U •2 o a t-H (i I a id a « « o « 3 o s <•-■ *^ o 4) 3 o C g •ai-icooiNeoi-iooi-i ' i-i « •• 1— I pH —< fH S O t« ^ 00 CO 80 b- eo Th t-T « go* of t-T o* .-T t* 00 a o ot fi -^ r- ■»ij_o* oc ^otaoc«oa»i-ioco ^ ecoowosi-tocj cJxiift-^osojeoiH CO CO cb fH O o O O lO iH 1-1 a t« 00 » 00 CO Ojc't-T X (N •>* X CO -^ tSOOAOOCiHOti-t ^ I— 1 f-( pH 1-1 .oooTj(e»co'«a (StfC0Tlj_O_O_O;00C|,00 oo-^irTjri«rt>i>o«o J> ■^ 05 >« « F-l CI CO ©I fH CO O ©J CO Q go C3 o o ^co^oj fJc* IN O CO fH c* xo .OF-ia>i>>c«(?)t>)> « fH fH F-l f-t 00'<*XO5f^«>«fH .XCJt»OJ>OC»t^ ^lOeOOOODOOiCOW ©I CD fH fH •>* F-( so •n oi OS C60 C« CO O Oft F^ oo o CO « «> CO « rf^ 'ITco'fh W fH fH 00 ■«* ot 0? £ * 2 .g - I * • * s (» (2 •§ ^ "S g M h C5 h -o-oSo s • a 5 ■JJPh p ma ts - F-( ■ft re o ■ft « "9 ■ft 1ft o «» CO 00 CO « ■ft CO in 09 o 4 O H O ' i ■•rwf .•iv.l''j*t^'«-i-TV f\-' - ;"'S»i" 22 ■ '^i .v,>»,"'.J<«W".^HiPA iVvff^:^... c ; No. 7. JoMPABATivE Table of the principal Articles of Export, for the Years 1853 and] 1854, and giving the per centage of Increase or Decrease on each Article. AslJ ARTICLES OF EXPORT. I m Wheat, Grain, and Timber. ! Wheat ["Flour . Beans and Peas Oats . f Timber General Productions. ) Produce of the Mine . I „ „ Sea „ „ Forest . Animals and their Produce Vegetable Food . . . Other Agricultural Produce Manufactures To WHAT Countries. I To Great Britain „ The United States . „ North American Provinces „ Other Countries i- 1853. £. 772,010 1,062,808 47,766 84,1 3 L 2,160,539 d. 27,339 8fi,000 2,355,255 342,631 1,995,095 26,619 85,106 2,866,352 2,234,095 C 345,116 52,448 1854. £. «. d. 524,534 1,199,174 33,753 4,127 2,320,947 74,731 87,428 2,495,342 208,318 1,822,826 17,937 42,437 2,719,179 2,162,250 382,319 46,332 INCREASE and DECREASE. 33 Decrease. 13 Increase. 30 Decrease. 95 „ 7 Increase. 173 Increase. 3 ,. 6 „ 40 Decrease. » » 33 „ 21 Increase. 4 „ 3 Decrease. 11 Increase. 12 Decrease. Tid irs 1853 and A.rticle. INCREASE and DECREASE. 83 Decrease, 13 Increase. 80 Decrease. 95 „ 7 Increase. 73 Increase. 8 „ 6 ., 40 Decrease » » 33 „ 21 Increase. 3 Decrease. 1 Increase. 2 Decrease. Comparative Statement of Exports from the PRo^^NCE of Canada of if Articles. PRODUCTS OF THE FOBEST:— Ashes, Pots „ Pearls Timber, Ash „ Birch „ Elm „ Maple „ Oak „ White Pine . . . . . „ Bed Pine „ Tamarac „ Walnut „ Basswood, Hickory, amll Butternut . . . . j Staves, Standard „ Other Battens, Knees, Scantling, &c, . . Deals Planks and Boards Spars, Masts, and Handspikes . . Lathwood and Firewood . . . . Shingles Saw Logs Other Woods Furs and Skins VEGETABLE FOOD :— Wheat Flour ludian Corn Barley and Bye Meal Biscuit Beans and Peas Oats Hops Bran . , Onions and other Vegetables . . Potatoes , , Malt Apples Barrels do. Tons do. do. do. do. do. do. do. M Feet do. Mille. do. Pieces do. do. do. Cords Mille. Number Bushels Barrels Bushels do. Barrels Cwt. Bushels do. lbs. Cwt. Bushels do. do. Barrels 1847. Quantity. 21,260 2,276 2,712 39,788 4.5,152 240,660 111,422 1848. Quantity 25,703 1,492 2,309 29,294 184 Quantity. 21,976 268,094 115,200 Not enumerated, and ) Values not given. $ 1,034 1,840 3,399,529 a • * • • • • • 4,218 1,163 1,981 2,8*40,891 • • • • ' 3,982 Not enumerated, and Value not given. / 25,947 \ 11,281 Salts, Sec. 272^ 1,665 3,360 35,340 34 28,283 291,099 101,705 3.66056 Pieces 101 210 73 4,005 254,831 2,940,008 105,221 52,944 10,74i> 15,931 J Cords, 989 58,185 719,688 670,808 25,332 22,038 181,570 168,672 535,062 660,624 14,750 6,072 97,552 49,390 1,002,269 490,335 28,924 27,381 29,368| 970 191,134 348,773 24,687 \ Packs, 9 1 2,862 11,766 1,045| 1,347 I End £.\,' Comparative Statement of Exports from the Province of Canada of No. 8. ';be Products of the Forests, and of Vegetable F( 1847 to 1854 incl Articles. PRODUCTS OF THE FOREST: Aslies, Pots „ Pearls Timber, Ash . „ Birch Elm . . AInple . . Onk . . . White Pine Eed Pine . Tamarac . „ Walnut „ Basswood, Hickory, and) Butternut . . . . / Strtves, Standard „ Other Battens, Knees, Scantling, &c. . . Denis Planks and Boards . . . . Spurs, Masts, and Handsx)ikes . Lathwood and Firewood . . ■ Shingles Saw Logs . . Other Woods Furs and Skins VEGETABLE FOOD :— Wheat . . . . Flour . . . . Indian Corn . . Barley and Rve . Meal . . ' . Biscuit . . . Beans and Peas (luts . . . . Hops . . . . Bran Onions and other Vegetables Potatoes Malt Apples Barrels do. Tons do. do. do. do. do. do. do. M Feet do. Mille. do. Pieces do. do. do. Cords Mille. 1847. Quantity. Number Bushels Barrels Bushels do. Barrels Cwt. Bushels do. lbs. Cwt. Bushels do. do. Barrels 21,260 2,276 2,712 39,788 45,153 240,600 111,422 1848. Quantity. 25,703 1,492 2,309 29,294 184. Quantity. 21,976 268,094 115,200 Not enumerated, and ) Values not given. ^ 1,034 1,840 3,3'09,'529 4,218 1,163 1,981 2,8*40,891* 3,982 Not enumerated, and Value not given. / 25,947 \ 11,281 8alU,&c. 272J 1,005 3,360 35,340 34 28,283 291,099 101,705 3.600 & Pieces 101 210 73 9251^ 4,095 254,831 2,940,008 105,221 52,944 10,745 15,93 H Cords, 989 58,185 719,088 670,808 25,332 22,038 181,570 108,072 535,002 000,624 14,750 0,072 97,552 49,396 1,002,209 490,335 28,924 27,381 29,308| 970 191,134 348,773 24,087) Packs, 9f 2,862 11,700 1,045 J 1,317 Value. £. 138,975 73,204 2,268 1,605 6,015 45,437 40 66,813 250,814 127,262 s. I 1 1 17 6 6 10 d. 7 II 8 4 Em; 3,732 10 10 471 18 8 87 46,673 72,439 13,324 199,058 s, 9,484 il71,039 18,347 7,217 6 8 11 9 5 1 18 7 18 4 19 3 10 9 4,855 15 5 25,359 11,314 32,631 5 6 10 2 19 10 ^•^ 137,537 15 4 194,024 528,958 3,914 3,203 27,099 817 25,771 21,125 387 5 303 18 4 223 10 8 830 8 8 159 888 1 5 ?107,704 6 11 1860. Quantity. 31,389 11,178 1,713 4,613 38,212 140 30,440 372,742 89,996 1,007 703 243 724 4,170 472,184 2,998,608 122,240 32,200 6,007 12,350 27,095 Value. s. 230,437 3 81,957 7 1,713 7,131 65,319 158 64,850 296,215 117,489 10 18 7 7 7 d. 6 7 6 1 1 1,257 8 9 2,286 427 17,798 68,815 8,857 9 2 19 13 15 140,336 10 3 6 3 s. d. 2 6 1,295,029 2 9 650,439 12 6 00,313 6 3 60,514 16 4 4,707 14 9 1,591 9 1 258,901 12 7 607,652 29,182 1,522 1,354 18,011 47,592 3,536 199,295 11 15.260 17 6 7,046 10 3,882 1 3 3,173 13 9 6,123 10 6 19,395 8 9 £.1,300,734 4 £. s. d. 208,033 10 685,790 4 7 5 8,014 12 7,700 12 9 10 4,011 1,127 30,414 10 33,000 7 6 5 11 539 17 8 133 5 338 11 11 1,138 3 2,915 8 1,544 8 4 £.1,040,034 4 No. 8. md of Vegetable Food (with the Values in 1819, 1847 to 1854 inclusive. 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, and 1854), during each of the past 8 years, from Value. £, s. d. 23(5,437 3 6 81,057 7 7 1,713 7,131 55,319 10 158 18 64,850 7 296,215 7 1 117,489 7 1 1,857 8 9 2,286 427 17,798 68,815 8,857 9 2 19 13 15 146,335 10 3 6 3 199,295 11 15.206 17 6 7,046 10 3,882 1 3 3.173 13 6.123 10 19,395 8 1,360,734 6 4 1851. Quantity. 27,944 8,463 3.018 4,043 35,644 440J 40,976| 453,435 91,145 4,356i l,194i 79 1.1957io 4,509 § 729,059 3,526,647 120,176 9,482 17,356J 20,972J 34,425 Value. £. a. 172,496 8 43,865 2 3,726 9 5,505 8 49,146 19 435 5 57,460 17 406,972 2 114,875 15 1.415 13 d. 7 10 9 5 5 3 8 5 3 9 8,934 8 243 10 20,769 7 9 92,344 14 6 11,060 15 2 239,309 19 7 209,138 18 1 14,101 8 1 11,641 19 9 7,880 17 8,042 13 9 11,364 17 4 28,085 17 2 £.1,515,878 19 6 1852. Quantil . Value. 25 9, 5,3|4 9,iifi 2,3! 3 2,5 6 23,3' 1§ 30,41 7J 423,(5Jj7 03,liWi 2,3 4J l,51iS 9611 3,7 1 4,020,1 t7 156,7 1 16,6 1 43,8 ,3 67,5 10 £. 8. 171,688 2 60,316 13 2,390 3,689 12 34,972 18 95 8 60,817 9 413,119 13 94,579 11 d. 8 9 7 9 3 1853. Quantity. Value. 2,518 8 4,738 10 1,168 5 17,099 15 88,571 15 20,703 4 287,426 1 288,178 16 12,895 3 20,144 16 14,102 4 13,656 13 6,493 12 25,517 6 2 11 5 4 6 8 8 £.1,014,584 14 9 17,900 9,174 2,475 3,208J 28,933 21 38,7894 468,415| 70,483 584 3,218 1,301 2,276 2,558J 3,8.59,321 218,846 24,881f 79,059 £. s. d. 118,379 19 9 38,412 10 3,259 6,152 57,022 53 89,153 653,621 187,528 7 10 2 17 16 4 1 6 6 5 8 10 1854. Quantity. 1,107 11 9,825 18 2,456 100,060 7 38,165 8 15,567 11 429,646 16 470,187 15 6 27,313 10 25,037 14 11 10,928 8 11 19,437 8 6 18,816 12 3 31,923 12 8 £.2,353,255 2 2 16,273 4,499 2,658 2,668 37,621 116 37,525 516,430 07,847 1,677 666 060 1,774 3,749 4,978,696 168,554 7,801 14,745 56,516 Value. £. ». d. 131,746 11 7 27,308 18 4 7,309 8 5,125 11 93,995 10 121 142,048 2 722,467 17 111,309 9 8 2,544 10 2,992 10 1,800 88,871 53,409 14,146 18 10 8 7 520,767 15 4 7 10 397,770 7 8 04,076 13 1 24,174 8 11 6,469 15 4 14,902 17 4 14,652 4 8 17,339 8 £.2,495,.341 16 10 £. s. 208,033 10 685,796 4 8,614 12 7,700 12 4,011 1,127 30,414 33,000 d. 7 5 9 10 6 5 11 839 17 8 133 5 6 338 11 11 1,138 3 2,015 8 1,544 8 4 1,046,034 6 4 933,756 668,0234 51,503 180,440 5,511 2,757 172,837 497,027f 72,223 1,312 1,908 24,094 14,333 3,909 £. s. 171,795 1 070,825 7 6,607 5 21,550 11 4,815 2 2,147 13 22,525 7 33,601 14 d. 2 2 8 5 6 8 1,579 4 8 143 1 10 250 2 2 1,873 1 2,214 7 1,003 19 8 £.941,597 18 8 1,883,5 6\ 702,0; :4 6 3 151,0'1',' 4,5.18 5,0' )5| 242,2.7' 641,6 6 47,6 i3 17,6 il 11,0.1 4,0 18 4,2 k3 £. s. d. 355,456 8 1 689,377 10 2 85 7 8 19,336 10 10 3,687 17 11 3,492 17 9 36,883 18 11 40,887 6 7 1,314 9 6 2,750 6 10 163 7 926 16 9 791 2,181 10 7 £.1,157,008 8 4 2,666,903 786,058 831 43,353 4,031 9,608 243,770 1,028,310 8,741 4,954 ' 6,'477 6,387 4,836 £. s. d. 772,610 8 1 1,062,208 14 11 149 15 9 6,505 3 5 4,812 11 11 8,005 15 47,750 5 84,131 7 9 378 2 11 10 9 778 232 550 5 1,099 2 3,592 12 6 10 6 £.1,992,811 10 7 £. ». d. 1,442,677 524,534 6 3 651,400 1,199,174 18 8 57,636 11,091 17 9 112,383 23,580 3 8 4,842 5,950 7 6 7,030 8,009 7 6 133,651 33,752 19 8 33,656 4,127 13 2 168,868 8,370 6 7 4,803 1,263 4 3 • • • • 179 16 8 7,668 882 17 8 60 18 15 4,187 1,743 8 10 £.1,882,680 2 8 .^ ■^^■?^:^-^'r'. f >f ~"^r iaai,.,. fTFfr?!- O) (B O 0) Si o X 00 t» o oi p^ ec ce ^>ra oD w 50 -^ « so t» M ffl « o « m (M (M i-t 1-1 fH I-) eo 00 « O 05 ■* o X I— OS 30 -^r^Ot n s 1 <& CO OJ 'f o »* o CO l-^ fH C5 i-< O, 00 o< o_ -^ os'i-Tco •^leT CO so « c* X C3 C CO ■<<( I-H Ol l-< 1-1 >ft O iT? 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X >r > TO fH Of 1-H TO ■^ o Of 00 00 pH o 00 o CO » v\ »t F" 1 r-l >-i CT FH --"fH t • Q P^ rS CO o H •*« PS e« "f TO d fH O t3 CJ >2 o >« o Pi •Si 00 00 00 00 i« O 01 00 0) • - go F-l p_pH-H 3 o' o* d hi 01 So SSI ' hJ 274 41 1234 430.178 16,664 95 117 22,447 1,678 42 872 299,849 11,663 90 67 1 1,050 890 43 1228 433,087 16,603 97 89 19,072 1,077 44 1232 451,142 16,698 . 98 81 14,034 924 45 1489 576,541 20,932 ■ 99 125 16,163 1,569 46 1480 568,226 20,614 1800 141 16,757 1,798 . 163 47 1210 479,124 17,864 1 175 20,517 1,564 48 1188 452,436 16,423 2 179 18,221 1,204 49 1184 465,088 16,871 > 402 3 167 28,744 1,530 50 1190 465,804 16,092 4 105 22,804 1,107 51 1300 533,427 17,783 i 5 157 18,795 1,097 52 1234 506,123 16,638 107 16,756 1,008 53 1351 570,738 19,300 7 193 18,355 1,880 54 1416 618,928 20,301 ' 8 334 70,275 3,220 9 517 85,476 4,126 1 10 627 134,204 6,308 . • Average of preceding and following years given, the compiler being unable to ascertain tlie precise number. ■^-J?->-*^fUw:«i ■■^r..\ -•toiri7:vamaimKnm I ^ ® TO t^ r-i O T3»«> 1— 1 . O X 1— t d « .^ r-l iH us TO W- O iH I- CO f-l r.; l^ » (— 1 ■^oo "d" WtH — 1 1— 1 ..;§ ff» o 00 o ■«* eo j; • ' •>^^v^- l§ 2 x-S o • S ||| a g a V H 0) 05 JR >. Hi S P U IS 2j ' and pern oo s ' 60 IS THE COMMON SCHOOL SYSTEM. ^ The education of youth has so important a bearing upon the social condition of a country, that it is without hesitation that the following outline of the common School system of Canada (consisting chiefly of extracts from the reports furnished annually by the able Chief Superintendent of Schools, Dr. Ryerson,) is subjoined to the foregoing, together with several statistical returns. The first, a general abstract, exhibiting the progress of education in Upper Canada during a series of years. The second, a return of the Students, and the operations of the Normal School. The third, and not the least important, exhibiting the condition of our public School libraries in the second year of their estab- lishment. It has been the strenuous endeavour of the Legislature of Canada to throw open, to all classes of the population, the advantages of an elementary School education, and to place the management of these Schools in the hands of the people, through the Trustees periodically elected by themselves. It has no less been the object of its anxious solici- tude, that the religious faith of all should be equally respected and protected. How far these objects have been attained, time will shew ; with so scat- 28 tered a population, entire success is beyond the bounds of reasonable expectation ; in the meantime mucli has been confessedly done to bring elementary instruction witliin the reach of the great majority, and the rapidly increasing numbers, both of Schools and Scholars, is no insignificant test of the satis- factory results that have attended the development of the system. For many years, annual Parlia- mentary grants were made in aid of common Schools; but it was not until the year 1841 that the principle of granting money to each county, upon the condition that an equal amount was raised by the county, was established. Since this period, several modifications of the School Act have taken place, and some general idea of its present form and working may be obtained from the following out- line drawn by Dr. Ryerson, the Chief Superinten- dent of Schools in Upper Canada : — " The system of public instruction is engrafted upon the municipal institutions of the country. We have municipal councils of counties, of townships, of cities, of towns, and of incorporated villages. The members of county councils are elected by the councils of townships and toT/ns, one or two for each ; the members of township, city, town, and village councils are elected by the resident free- holders and householders of each municipality. The municipal council of each township divides such township into School sections of a suitable ex- tent for one School in each, or for both male and 29 female Schools. The affairs of each School section are managed by three Trustees who hold their offices for three years, and one of whom is elected annually by the freeholders and householders of such section. The powers of Trustees are ample to enable them to do all that the interests of a good School require. They are the legal representatives and guardians of their section in School matters. They determine whatever sum or sums are neces- sary for the furnishing &c. of their School, and the salaries of Teachers, but account for its expenditure annually to their constituents, and report fully to the local Superintendent, by filling up blank forms of annual reports which are furnished to them by the Chief Superintendent of Schools from year to year. " The township council imposes assessments for the erection of Schoolhouses, or for any other School purposes desired by the inhabitants of School sections through their Trustee*. The inha- bitants of each School section decide as to the manner in which they will support their School according to the estimates and engagements made by the Trustees, whether by voluntary subscription, by a monthly rate bill of not more than one shilling and three-pence per child on parents send- ing to the Schools, or by rates on the property of all, according to its assessed value, and opening the School to the children of all without exception. The -MM li 30 latter mode is likely to supersede both the others ; but its existence and operation in connection with each School, depend upon the annual decision of the inhabitants of each School section at a public meeting called for that purpose. ''''"■■ ' " The duties of Teachers are prescribed by law, and their rights are effectually protected. No Teacher is entitled to any part of the School Fund, who does not conduct his School according to law, and who has not a legal certificate of qualification from a county board of public instruction ; nor is any School section entitled to receive any aid from the School Fund, in which a School is not kept open six months during each year by a Teacher thus recognised as to both moral character and attain- ments. The law also requires a public quarterly examination to be held in each school. " The inspection of the Schools is made by local Superintendents, who are appointed by the county councils. ■■::.-,■-.:,■-<'- .;J.^-.-d .a. :-.>.-'.-..!-./;...: " Besides the local Superintendents, all clergy- men recognised by law, judges, members of the legislature, magistrates, members of county councils, and aldermen, are School visitors, to visit all the Schools as far as practicable within their respective charges and municipalities. The law also recog- nises the holding of general meetings of School visitors in any municipality, on the appointment of any two visitors, to devise such means as they may 31 deem expedient for the efficient visitation of the Schools, and to promote the establishment of libraries, and the diffusion of useful knowledge. - " There is a board of public instruction in each county, consisting of local Superintendents, and the trustees of the Grammar Schools in such county. The Teachers are examined and arranged in three classes according to a programme of exa- mination, prepared and prescribed by the Council of Public Instruction for Upper Canada. - -,^ " The municipal council of each county is respon- sible for raising at least an equal sum for splaries of Teachers in the several townships within its juris- diction, with that which is annually apportioned to them, out of the Parliamentary appropriation by the Chief Superintendent of Schools. The county councils also appoint the local treasurers of the School Fund, and the local Superintendents of Schools, and provide for their salaries. Special provision is also made for the security of the School Fund, against the diversion of any part of it, and for the prompt payment of it to the Teachers at the times specified by law. Both the county and township councils have authority to raise any sums they shall think proper for public School libraries under general regulations prescribed according to law. A Parliamentary appropriation has been made for the establishment of School libraries, to be expended on the same conditions with the appro- priation for the support of Schools, i. 32 " The law also provides a system adapted to the cu'cumstances of cities, towns, and incorporated villages. ' > > • "At the head of the whole system we have a council of public instruction and a Chief Superin- tendent of Schools, both appointed by the Crown. The council has the entire management of the Provincial, Normal, and Model Schools, recommends the best books for the Schools, and books for the School libraries, and makes the regulations for the organization, government, and discipline of common Schools, the examination and classification of Teachers, and the establishment and care of School libraries throughout Upper Canada. " The Chief Superintendent, who is ex-officio Member of the Council of Public Instruction, and provides accommodation for its meetings, appor- tions the school fund to the several municipalities throughout Upper Canada; prepares the general school regulations, and submits them, as well as the text and library books, to the consideration of the Council ; prepares the forms of reports and modes of all school proceedings under the Act, and gives instructions for conducting them, as well as for holding teachers' institutes; decides questions of dispute submitted to him ; takes the general superintendence of the normal school; provides facilities for procuring text and library books, and provides and recommends plans of school houses; prepares annual reports; cor- 33 responds with local school authorities throughout Upper Canada, and employs all means in his power for the promotion of education and the diffusion of useful knowledge. He is responsible for his official conduct and for all monies that pass through his department." The following are the regulations on the con- stitution and government of schools, in respect to religious and moral instruction prescribed by the Council of Public Instruction for Upper Canada : — " As Christianity is the basis of our whole system of elementary education, that principle should pervade it throughout. Where it cannot be carried out in mixed schools, to the satisfaction of both Eoman Catholics and Protestants, the law provides for the establishment of separate schools, and the Common School Act, sect. 14, securing individual rights as well as recognising Christianity, provides, — ^ That in any model or common school established under this Act, no child shall be re- quired to read or study in or from any religious book, or to join in any exercise of devotion or re- ligion which shall be objected to by his parents or ?,aardians: provided always that within this limita- t'on, pupils shall be allowed to receive such religious instruction as their parents or guardians shall desire, according to the general regulations which shall be provided according to law.' " In this section of the Act thus quoted, the principle of religious instruction in the Schools is 34 I recognised; the restriction within which it is to be given is stated ; and the exclusive right of each parent and guardian on the subject is secured, without any interposition from Trustees, Superin- tendents, or the Government itself. " The common School being a day School, and not a boarding School, rules arising from domestic relations and duties are not required ; and as the pupils are under the care of their parents and guardians on Sabbaths, no regulations are called for in respect to their attendance at public worship. " In regard . 'he nature and interest of the daily religious exc jises of the School, and the special religious instruction given to pupils, the Council of Public Instruction for Upper Canada, makes the following regulations : — " The public religious exercises of each School shall be a matter of mutual voluntary arrangement between the Trustees and Teacher ; and it shall be a matter of mutual voluntary arrangement between the Teacher and the parent or guardian of each pupil, as to whether he shall hear such pupil recite from the scriptures or catechism or other summary of religious doctrine and duty of the persuasion of such parent or guardian. Such reci- tations, however, are not to interfere with the regular exercises of the School." Public School Libraries. '' School Trustees, and municipal councils are mm msmmmmmm authorised to provide means for the establishment and support of public school libraries. " An annual parliamentary appropriation is made in aid of local exertion, and the principle is adopted of assisting each school municipality in proportion as it exerts and helps itself. The present apportionment furnishes an addition of 75 per cent, to the sum raised in each municipality. No books are admitted into any public school library which are not included in the catalogue of public school library books, prepared accordingly to the Act. The books are selected from this catalogue either by the Local Authorities or by the Chief Superin- tendent at their request, and are supplied by the latter from the Library Depot on the transmission of the money." '^ j-- :.:n\.v■>;:-i^^. r-v-'^^ •.-v,- •• EDUCATION ■ppER A Gkneual Statistical Adbtuact, oxhibiting the couiparutivo state and ))i . n Jf F.ducal Grammar, Private, Common, Normal, and Model Schools, during the yoar;, tn 18y;{, No. ] 2 3 4 ft t 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 33 24 25 SUBJECTS COMPARED. Population of Upper Canada during the years . Population between the ages of tlve and sixteen years . Colleges in operation County Grammar Schools and Academies . Private Schools reported . . Normal and Model Schools for Upper Canada Total Common Schools in operation as reported . Grand Total Educational Establishments in operation in Upper Canada Free Schools reported in operation .... Total Students attending Colleges and Universities Total Students attending Academies and County Grammar Schools . . . . . Total Pupils attending Private Schools Total Students and Pupils attending Normal and Model Schools for Upper Canada Total Pupils attending the Common Schools of Upper Canada ........ Grand Total, Students i nd Pupils attt iiding Univer- sities, Colleges, A ademiesi Grammar, Private, and Common Schools Total Amount ovailable for the Salaries of Coinnmn School Teachers in Upper Canada Total Amount levied or subscribed for the eretitiou or repairs of School Houses, and for Libraries and Apparatus Grand Total available for Teachers' Salaries, tlie erection and repairs of School Houses, and for - Libraries and Apparatus ..... Amount received by otbor Educational Institutions Grand Total available for Educational purposes in Upper Canada Total Common School Teachers in Upper Canada Total MaJo do. do. Total Female do. do. Average Number of Months each Common School has been kept open by u qualified Teacher Nett average attendance of Pupils ai tlie Common Schools, during the Summer of . . . . Do. Boys do. do. . Do. Girls do. dr. . Nett average Htfiodauce of Pupils at the Common Schools, during the Winter of . Do, Boys do. do. . Do. Girls do. do. . Per ceutage of Children attending School . 184!2. U43. 141,143 a •25 •44 1,721 1,795 No Reports. Do. Do. Do. Do. 6.'),978 Gr),978 4'.41,r}00 No Keports Do. '^ Do. Do. No Reports, Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 6t 73 U CO be a at C o c OS I 18 44. 183,539 5 •25 •00 2,(310 2,700 No Reports. Do. Do, Do. Do. 9(1,750 90,760 X*.51,7U No Reports. Do. Do. Do. No Reports. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. i^-u 2():>.! X'.71,mJ No Fojiori Do, Do. Do. :>.Stil No Repoii Do. Dn, Note.— The Returns in the loregoing Table, up to year 1847, are not very complete; but proirr(>s ■f ir. (i t No ll'.^i)! Do. s !l 10 Do. Do. 11 Uu. 13 110,0« u 110,0(1 15 J The Popiilation of Upper ('m • An approxinmtiou only, no spcciflo infonmuii + This amount is made up as foil. »• ( CArJr.v appER CANADA. ate find ])i.f»|M Education in Upper Canada, as connected with Universities, Colleges, Academics, ,' the ynui' , i,.^ 1851?, inclusive. Compiled from Returns in the Educational Department. 811. 5 •25 •00 2,010 2,700 lepoils. Do. Do, Do. Do. 90,760 51,714 Reports Do. Do. Do. .1M.J a():],!!l| No H»j)M Do. Do, To. Uu. n ioports Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. No Ropo Do, Do, Do. .■2,Ml No Eepoij T'o, Do. Dn. 'oraplete; bat -irt projrn-jj r>n of Upper ('uhu spcnifio inform i(ii| lie up as foil. «• 1840. iio,ooBi'' .e.7i,,M«i'' 1- 1847. !>04,5ftO 5 •31 •80 *i,589 2,705 No Beports. Do. Do. Do. Do. 101,912 101,912 i'.C7,906 No Reports. Do. Do. Do. 2,925 H No Reports. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1848. 230,975 82 90 2 2,727 2,803 No Reports. 700 1,000 1,881 124,829 131,360 £.77,599 No Beports. Do. Do. Do. 3,028 2.365 003 H No Reports Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 725,879 241,102 33 117 2 2,800 2,058 No Reports. 740 1,115 2,345 256 130,739 135,295 je.8fl,009 No Reports Do. Do. Do. 3,177 2,507 070 9 70,459 38.539 31,920 70,711 45,429 31,282 1849. 1850. 253,.S04 7 39 157 2 2,871 3,076 No Reports 773 1,120 3,048 400 138,405 144,406 je.88,478 No Reports. Do. Do. ' Do. 3,209 2,505 704 H 72,204 39,3t;2 32,822 78,460 46,402 31 i>U4 1851. 803,493 256,258 7 57 224 2 3,059 3,349 2.02 684 2,070 4,063 370 151,891 159,678 £.88,429 £.14,189 £.102,619 3,476 2,097 . 779 70,842 41,784 36,040 81,409 48,303 3»,L0] 1852. 258,007 7 70 159 2 3,001 3,239 855 032 2,800 3,948 356 168,159 175,896 £.102,0.'50 £.19,334 £.121,384 £.32,234 £.154,218 3,277, 2,551 726 HI 83,390 44,647 38,743 84,981 49,000 35,921 1853. 953,239+ 202,755 8 74 107 3 3,010 3,258 901 751 3,194 5,133 646 179,587 189,310 £.113,991 £.25,094 £.139,085 £.30,089 £.170,074 3,388 2,541 8.47 85,161 45,4P9 39,752 80,766 49,867 36,889 268,967 8 79 174 8 3,127 3,391 1,052 756 3,889 3,822 735 194,736 203,98a £.130,039+ £.32,^18 £.161,709 £.37,526 £.199,674 3,539 2,601 938 90,090 48,608 41,428 90,059 52,262 37,407 70 khttt period they have been sufficiently so to cstiiblisb a data by which to compare our yearly piticittional matters. psiiow estimated at 1,350,000. hHTii)^ been received by the Department. Legisltttive School Grant ifimicipal School Assessment tree School Assessment . . Iliiito Bills and Subscriptions iLnst Year's Pnlnnccs, &c. £.22,591 12 3 30,141 1 \J 38,->08 2 33,367 15 5,730 4 £.1. '10,039 ;i No. 10 J I 12 lij 14 15 16 17 la 19 30 92 33 34 2a P Ph {z; o H cq i CQ I^ CQ o • fH CO OJ <» C» ^ -M , (3 ?s u (Ki > H « K M « o fx, a a • p4 S ■3 "S a 4 a o ^ CO II u > H Z S.-53 fl ^ * •S -a w e» S S - ® S"5 u w S es 4> fl S " fc4 " 3 .2 & .-a-s .2 2. a o o CO o 13 11 I l^ O "3! 3J !.■» n ?5 CO l- iT* ^ » ^ •?> X o » ift ?? * 'It ■* -* t- (M 1-1 ■•* « cs t- rt cj 1-) « 50 1 ^ •3 (»>-icDocJi-iOi-t'<*t-.ao CO CO 00 i I rH IC «0 O i-H O? t* 00 -J -Ht »H i 0-^50 •I 'Tj(W>O00iHiO-<*06l-t- « QOf-liNOt-WXt-OSFHOO 00 iOi»o>c>'1!«'-*aDaoo r-H "n (N Cl C4 (-1 Ol rH pH c* 3 ' 00 iC .» fH CO ifll , « so d >n 03 c* 'il 06 1— I ( T* t- t- I i-t(?»ao>««'!i»ooQOooa'0 t*rHoooo«saocso o 06 i-t O SO i-H O ' i SO OJ 0» 05 o t-.rJ((NSOOOOaiC*-OCO«.' o ai 00 'Oi-I C» so 1* ^ •re c « O c^ 6- 00 00 OS C6 O »H oj Woo CO 'jtTjl ■^3 "^ « oo o ■« 00 OO 00 00 X M <-t iH 00 00 00 00 00 i-i fH i-l 1-1 "-^ i-iOi«0'*in«i^QDc;0'^ bJl 4 » 9 « 4 00 9 00 CO « 1-1 o « a 1* s r-« 5 Q « 3 « 00 3 -»H O CO H c* l-H > eo t- 00 m o fH lO > 4) ^ H i-l r-H 39 SCHOOL TEACHERS' SALARIES. SALABIES. AVERAGE ANNUAL SALARIES. Towns, Town Municipalities, and Villages. Highest Salary. Lowest Salary. £. 8. 18 58 49 4 36 26 10 Male Teacher witli Board. Male Teacher without Board. Female Teacher with Board. Female Teacher without Board. I 2 3 4 5 1 a Counties Cities Towns Town Municipalities . Villages £. >. 160 800 200 112 10 115 £. s. 30 6 • • • • • • • • • • • • £. s. 53 7 110 7 88 86 17 84 4 £. s. 24 3 • • • • • • • • • • • • £. 8. 33 9 67 12 81 54 16 55 15 Grand Total for ISHS . Grand Total for 1852 . 300 N. B. 26 10 N. R. 36 6 35 5 84 11 83 6 24 3 23 16 50 10 50 Increase • • • • « « • • • . • • • ■ » • • • LIBRARIES. COMMON SCHOOL. SUNDAY SCHOOL. PUBLIC. TOTAL. OS M 57 1 . ■n v 1 Hi 820 21 50 17 21 929 861 68 (D a 1 .s 108 8 16 5 9 145 141 4 2 1 I :2 h) 986 29 67 22 81 i Counties Cities • 4,849 114,209 9,000 12,990 3,025 3,025 23,038 11,400 6,072 2,200 2,661 141,796 20,400 18,162 8,228 8,876 Towns Town Municipalities . Villages 2 • t 1 60 48 12 100 190 Total, 1883 .... Total, 1852 .... 4,889 3.146 142,249 124,031 44,371 37,679 1,134 1,048 191,459 164,147 Increase 1,693 18,218 6,692 89 27,312 ■ TLj. i -^-i !- vf :». .4v- f'->> <.'■'; tr«**«»l«ii|>. I - ^-^ •moi pa«JO .-H p-« a» «|i ^ oa « o *i t» «o ■<* ei '7 ptoipvjj saqoiOTig puB saiBX •^ '^ « (N eo qb Cb ^ A o 9t ) 00 «0 O « f4 « I CO 00 Cvf O iR -^ i-TfH cf of 95 of I«0i-"ifiia0'0Ot^000»t-O4t<^^c>(?ti-iA-^a»ao c«f •ojy 'saJS^iojV^ '*b»'>xoDC»«o<-<'^aot»Map < :;• 0» O i-H c« w o ■ )n9iany •OiiUBjajn Tuspoj^ o !?• OS » OB -^it o «o •* • e« o« « ^ I-* O (N Cl a -^ to t^ J> i-H « iH iH (-t •^jt •«n « «6 OB 00 00 O Ttj 00 C4 00 >3i o « " ^ OOtH « CO m (H n ot <-> Hi <»oaBeoe«oQ'HF40o»-^-^tt-oooao«opcB 00 -H Oi o Q eo _ OS « « ■-* (M >* 1-t C« CJ ■imiog eo-Hm>reoTOeoo»aeJit^e5 oot»osQo # ■^t a> >a >o CO 'isainif aoQT)toc*'