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 NIAGARA 
 
 Historical Society 
 
 NO. 4. 
 
 •^^y • 
 
 '<2^ •^^s' •^^y' 'z::^'^ -^ '^ '£^*^ '^^ '^ '^ '^ '£^ 't:^ '*^* '^^* ^^i* ' 
 
 
 
 
 MenoRiAL TO u. e. loyalists, 
 
 By Jas. Coyne, B. A., Prea. Ontario HIctorlcal Society. 
 
 History taught by huseums, 
 
 By David Boyle, Curator Ontario ArchteoloKlcal Museum. 
 
 Battle of queenston heights. 
 
 By the Hon. J. O. Currie. 
 
 riONUMENTS, ■« 
 
 Ky Janet Carnochan, President Niagara Historical Society. 
 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 THE TIMES 
 Book AND Jam Pmmmmmt 
 
 NIAOAItA'OH-THm-LAKm. 
 
 ta»e. 
 
SiflGAHfl HiSTOHlCflli SOCIETY. 
 
 I TS objects are the eiicoura|^'ement of tiie study of 
 Canadian History and Literature, the collection and 
 preservation of Canadian historical relics, the building- up of 
 Canadian loyalty and patriotism, and the preservation of 
 all historical landmarks in in this vicinity. 
 
 Each member shall pay an annual fee of fifty cents. 
 
 The annual celebration shall be held on the 17th of Sep- 
 tember. 
 
 The Society shall hold ei^rht re«-ular meeting's during- the 
 year. These meetin^^s shall be held on the second Thursday of 
 the month. 
 
 The annual meeting- shall be held on October 13th. 
 
 OFFICBRS, i8c)8-Q. 
 
 Patron—WM. KIRBV, F. R. S. C. 
 President— MISS CARNOCHAN. 
 Vice-President— HENRY PAFFARD. 
 Secretary— ALFRED BALL. 
 Treasurer— MRS. A. SERVOS. 
 Curator— RUSSEL WU.KINSON. 
 
 COMMIT-IEK. HON. VICE-PRESIDKNTS. 
 
 REV. J. C. GARRETT, MRS. ROE, 
 
 MRS. ASCHER, chAS. A. F. BALL, 
 
 MISS CLEMENT. 
 
 W. W. IRELAND, B.A. 
 
 MRS. T. F. BEST. 
 
 HONORARY MEMBERS. 
 
 DR. SCADDING, REV. CANON BULL, 
 
 WM. GIBSON. M.P., MAJOR CRUIKSHANK 
 
 CAPT. R. O. KONKLE, MAJOR HISCOTT, 
 
 DR. JESSOP. ' retJeJ 
 
 ih 
 wit] 
 the I 
 
 jpu( 
 feli 
 
5 
 
 Preface. 
 
 .idy of 
 n an J 
 
 up of 
 jon of 
 
 of Sep- 
 
 nng the 
 
 rsday of 
 
 '. BALL, 
 
 JLL, 
 HANK, 
 
 T, 
 
 N sending'- out this, the fourth pamphlet of the Niaj^ara His- 
 torical Sociciy, some explanation may be made as to the 
 contents, ne:irly all relating- to the erection of some fitting- 
 memorial to the landinf,*- on our shores o( the United Empire 
 Lo}alists, over a century a^o. Circulars have been sent to the 
 descendants of such, and others interested, and it is hoped that 
 ere lonj^, something;- worthy of that event may be erected. 
 
 Last year we thought ourselves fortunate in being able to 
 
 print a paper, read to us by the first president of the Provincial 
 
 Historical Association, Canon bull, to whom we owe the first 
 
 .suggestion of such a memorial, and this year we are fortunate in 
 
 being able to ofl'er a paper, from the facile pen of his successor in 
 
 the presidency, Mr. Coyne, and also one from the prominent 
 
 archaeologist, Mr. David Boyle, by whose enthusiasm 
 
 and skill so \aluable a collection has been gathered in 
 
 Toronto, and who has given us such valuable 
 
 assistance and advice in forming our collection. The 
 
 eloquent address of Hon J. G. Currie had been delivered previ- 
 
 H^usly at one of our meetings, stirring the blood and making us 
 
 proud of our country, but unfortunately, no notes were preserved, 
 
 and the address being extempore, we were unable to reproduce 
 
 ii. We think ourselves happy to be the means of giving to the 
 
 l^blic, and thus preserving, so eloquent and admirable an address, 
 
 i)i'ilh so much of local coloring. This we are enabled to do by 
 
 jlie kindness ot Mr. F^rank \'eigh, who kindly acceded to our 
 
 f quest to take down in shorthand the address, as given on 
 ueenston Heights, and to him we now return our thanks, as 
 X^eW as to the gentlemen who have allowed the papers read by 
 t;|lem at various meetings of our society to be published. 
 
 7 We rejoice that so great an interest is now being taken in the 
 
 t story of our country, and earnestly hope that every county, 
 ery town, every school section, may do its share in collecting 
 Mid preserving its local history. The example of the Beaver 
 jpam Historical Society is worthy of emulation, in producing so 
 lilmirable a history cf Thorold, and we ejitend our hearty con- • 
 jjyatulations, hoping that others m«'iy be encouraged by their ex- 
 Imiple to go and tlo likewise. 
 
 We would bespeak for our own humble efforts a favorable 
 leption. 
 
THE Historical Room is open every Saturday afternoon from 
 3 to 5. 
 
 The pamphlets issued by our Society are : 
 
 No. I. Talking" of Fort George, with illustration of Niagara 
 River, 27th May, 181 3, by Major Cruikshank, 
 
 No. 2. (With three illustrations.) Centennial poem by Mrs. 
 Curzon ; Fort Niagara, by Canon Bull ; Slave rescue in 
 Niagara, 1837, by Miss Carnochan. 
 
 No. 3. Blockade oi' P'ort George, with illustration of Niagara, 
 1806, by Major Cruikshank. 
 
 No. 4. The present issue. 
 
 
 —hi 
 ma} 
 
 But 
 
 of thl 
 
 af^ej 
 
 that 
 
MEMORIAL 
 
 TO THE 
 
 on 
 
 from 
 
 Niagara 
 
 by Mrs. 
 rescue in 
 
 Niagara, 
 
 UHITED EMPIRE LOYALISTS. 
 
 Address given by James H. Coyne, Esq., President of the Provin- 
 ji.'il Historical Association, on the Second Anniversary of the 
 Niagara Historical Society, 17th September, 1897. 
 
 This commemoration is marked by features o( more than 
 ordinary interest. The year, the place, the day, and the object, 
 must strike the imagination and impress the memory of every 
 patriotic citizen. 
 
 We are met in the Jubilee year of Her Majesty's reign, at the 
 original capital of this Province, on the one hundred and fifth 
 anniversary of the first meeting of the Parliament of Upper Canada, 
 to take measures for the erection of a fitting memorial in honor of 
 the brave and loyal pioneers who first planted British laws and 
 institutions in the northern half of this continent. 
 
 To the student of Canadian history, few places can be more 
 ifittractive than the old historic town of Niagara. Your river and 
 t^e great cataract, ever since they were first indicated by Cham- 
 plain in his map of 161 2, have been known more or less to the 
 literature of the world. As one stands on the margin of the 
 trjiighty current, names and events prominent in the annals of 
 Canada crowd upon the memory. 
 
 The shades of De la Roche Daillon, of Brebeuf and Chaumonot 
 -4heroic missionaries, intrepid explorers — rise before him. They 
 Ijl^y have visited this spot as early as .1626 and 1640, respectively. 
 Bfat they left no record of the visit in their accounts of the Country 
 O^the Neutrals. In Sanson's map of 1656 the name Ongiara first 
 af^ears. Possibly it was from Brebeuf and Chaumonot's reports 
 tll^t the name and site were learned by the cartographers, but as 
 tOj^his we are left to conjecture. 
 
 And now we are in the year of our Lord 1669 in this same 
 
— 2 — 
 
 month of September. Coming from the east is a picturesque pro- 
 cession of canoes. It enters the river's mouth, and from the frail 
 barks step on your bank the first white men, of whose visit there is 
 an authentic record — the Sulpitian priests, Galine' and Dollier de 
 Casson, the dauntless La Salle, and a score of their followers. 
 They heard the distant roar of the mighty cataract, and would 
 gladly have visited it, but the season was late and time pressed, 
 and they had to proceed westward along the lake. 
 
 Afterward this spot was familiar enough to the French. On the 
 point across the river La Salle built his fortified warehouse in 1679. 
 On Cayuga Creek above the falls he constructed and launched the 
 "Griffin," the first vessel on the Upper Lakes. Afterward in suc- 
 cession, Denonville, Vandreuil and Pouchot erected fortifications 
 on the east side, where the Niagara enters Lake Ontario. There 
 Prideaux and Colonel Johnson tell in the assault in 1759, when Sir 
 Wm. Johnson took command of the British forces and entered Fort 
 Niagara in triumph, having amongst his officers such men as 
 Colonel Butler, Chief Joseph Brant and Daniel Servos, names inti- 
 mately associated with the history of your settlement at a later 
 date. Pontiac's war a few years later was signalized on the Niagara 
 frontier by the disasters to the British forces at the fitly-named 
 Devil's Hole. 
 
 During the century that had elapsed since the Sulpitian priest* 
 first paddled up the Niagara, many a famous traveller hac 
 visited its forts and falls. Hennepin, Tonty, Lafitadu, Labontan 
 La Potherie, Charlevoix, are names more or less associated wit! 
 Niagara in the history of exploration and travel. 
 
 A centre of the fur trade, Niagara was the resort of savag 
 tribes from the remote northwest, and many negotiations wer 
 carried on outside its fort by the French commandant or commi 
 sioners with the dusky diplomats of the forest, down ♦^o the tin 
 when Pouchot surrendered his sword to Sir William Johnson. 
 
 The Revolution transformed Niagara into a refuge for ti 
 Loyalists, including 5,000 Indians of the Six Nations under Brar 
 John Deseronto and the famous Seneca chief, Sakoyenwaraghto 
 Its fort was the centre of British operations in the Northwest, a 
 dearly did the Loyalists, white and red, requite the persecutic 
 and plunderings they had experienced at the hands of the rebellk 
 
 1 
 
resque pro- 
 om the frail 
 ^isit there is 
 d DoUier de 
 ir followers. 
 ^ and would 
 ime pressed, 
 
 nch. On the 
 ouse in 1679. 
 
 launched the 
 ^rward in suc- 
 l fortifications 
 itario. There 
 1759, when Sir 
 id entered Fort 
 such men as 
 
 OS, names inti- | 
 ment at a later * 
 1 on the Niagara 
 
 the fitly-named 
 
 Sulpitian priestJ 
 
 ,us traveller hac 
 
 itadu, Labontan 
 
 associated witl 
 
 resort of savag 
 legotiations wer 
 idant or commi: 
 down ^o the tin 
 iiam Johnson. 
 
 a refuge for ti 
 ttions under Brat 
 lakoyenwaraghto . 
 Che Northwest, a 
 te the persecutic '■; 
 ids of the rebellu 
 
 colonists. 
 
 When the war closed, it was here at the foot of King street 
 that the loyal refugees crossed over by thousands to take up land 
 in the virgin province which still remained under the old flag. 
 Ten thousand of them settled in Upper Canada during 1784. 
 Then came the hungry year of which Mr. Wm. Kirby has sung so 
 well. But the dark clouds passed and plenty soon smiled again 
 over the land. The settlers brought with them their instinct for 
 liberty and self government, and this led to the establishment of 
 representative institutions amongst them by the Constitutional Act 
 of 1 79 1. Lieutenant-Colonel Simcoe, of the Queen's Rangers, was 
 perhaps the fittest man in the Empire to be chosen as the King's 
 representative in the new province. The characteristic qualities of 
 the Loyalists were exemplified in him in the highest degree, and 
 he deserves and has received by general consent a high niche in the 
 pantheon of Canadian history. There are two events of the year 
 1792 which ought to be perpetuated upon canvas. 
 
 The first historic picture will represent the landing at Niagara 
 of the first governor of Upper Canada, accompanied by his staff", 
 including his secretaries Littlehales and Talbot. He is received in 
 due form by the assembled troops, comprising Butler's Rangers, 
 the regulars of Fort Niagara and the militia of United Empire 
 Loyalists, many of whom had served under the new governor when 
 he was in command of the Queen's Rangers during the war. The 
 Six Nations Indians are there under their redoubtable chief, Joseph 
 Brant. Fort Niagara welcomes the King's representative with the 
 thunder of its guns. His replies to the loyal addresses presented 
 are received with enthusiastic cheers and cries of God Save the 
 ^ King from the assembled multitude. 
 
 Under such auspices the first lieutenant-goverpor of Upper 
 Canada enters upon his vice-royalty. 
 
 The next picture would represent the opening of the first par- 
 liameiit of the province, 105 years ago this day. Yonder where 
 now stand the ruins of Fort George, floated proudly in the breeze 
 the red cross flag for which the settlers had sacrificed so much ; 
 /or it represented the United Empire, the object of their fealty and 
 /^loyal attachment. Red men and white are ranged round. The 
 Six Nations under Brant, the Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte 
 
4 — 
 
 i ! 
 
 under John Ueseronto, Mississau^as and Chippewas from the 
 Sault Ste Marie in all their finery and feathers are there in full 
 force. In their quaint old rej^imentals stood the reg-ular troops 
 and rang"ers — in three-cornered hats with hair in queues; clad in 
 knee breeches and long stockings, and long coats and vests. 
 Among the spectators are the ladies in their i8th century garb. 
 The governor is preceded by bands of music and guards of honor, 
 and a royal salute is fired from the fort. Chief Justice Osgoode 
 and Captain John McDonell of Glengarry are the Speakers of the 
 respective Houses. Surrounding the governor or before him are 
 men eminent for military service under the Crown : Sir John 
 Johnson, Colonel Claus, Guy Johnson, Colonel Johnson from Lake 
 Huron, Colonel Butler of the Rangers, Colonel McKee, Samuel 
 Street, Thomas Clark, Uaniel and Jacob Servos and many others. 
 Mr. Kirby has given a graphic description of the scene. 
 
 The opening of the first Parliament of Upper Canada was an 
 epoch in the history of the British empire. Its importance Vvas 
 appreciated by Simcoe, who showed impressivel}' his sense of the 
 greatness of the occasion in such words as these : 
 
 "The great and momentous trusts and duties which have been 
 committed to the representatives of this province in a degree infin- 
 itely beyond whatever till this period have distinguished any other 
 colony, have originated from the British nation upon a just consitl- 
 eration of the energy and hazard with which the inhabitants have 
 so conspicuously supported and defended the British constitution." 
 
 Through seven long years of struggle, persecution and sufter- 
 ing, the Loyalists had proved their devotion to a great principle. 
 Your own honored citizen, Mr. Wm. Kirby, has told in noble 
 verse how, after the close of the war of revolution, 
 
 "They, who loved 
 "The cause that had been lost, and kept their faith 
 "To England's crown, and scorned an alien name, 
 "Passed into exile; leaving all behind 
 "Except their honor and the conscious pride 
 "Of duty done to country and to king." 
 
 To such men hewing out new homes for themselves in the 
 northern forest, and guarding the faith they had kept as the palla- 
 
 ol 
 oj 
 
 tlj 
 
 p1 
 
T 
 
 Ls from the 
 Lhere in fu^^ 
 rular troops 
 Lies; clad in 
 ; and vests, 
 jntury garb, 
 ds of honor, 
 tice Os^oode 
 inkers of the 
 fore him are 
 1 : Sir John 
 m from Lake 
 ;Kee, Samuel 
 many others, 
 cene. 
 
 mada was an 
 iportance was 
 ; sense of the 
 
 — 5 — 
 I dium of their liberties, Simcoe could not have broug^ht a more 
 
 if 
 
 welcome message than when he described the system he was called 
 upon to administer among them as "the very image and trans- 
 script of the British constitution." This was their ample reward 
 for defeat, confiscation and banishment. With joy and confidence 
 they set themselves to the arduous and glorious task to which 
 Providence had assigned them. Extending their clearings in the 
 trackless and illimitable forest, they were to transplant in this new 
 soil British laws and British institutions, and to guard and trans- 
 mit to their successors the germ of a great idea — the solidarity of 
 the British race and empire 
 
 This may be said of the U. K. Loyalists. They had, 
 ?«it is true, the defects of their qualities — a certain intol- 
 erance and hauteur, an undisguised contempt and hatred of 
 -opinions at variance witli tlieir own, were perhaps not uncommon. 
 But they kept alive ilie idea of loyalty, of respect for law and order, 
 of liberty as opposed to license, and above all of the unity of the 
 race. 
 ^ Admired at^l esteemed by all, Simcoe ma\ be fairly regarded as 
 the type of y of the best of the Loyalists. The epitaph upon 
 
 his monunuiit in Exeter Cathedral dest.;ribes him as one "in whose 
 life and cliaracter the virtues of the hero, the patriot and the 
 Christian were so conspicuous that it may be justly said : "He 
 habitants have served his Kinij and countrv with a zeal exceeded onlv bv his pietv 
 1 constitution. towards Ciod." It was eminenth- fitting that both classes of Loy- 
 alists should be equally honored in his monument. The figures of 
 a Queen's Ranger and an Indian support his sculptured bust. 
 Through the ages, Simcoe's name will be cherished by Canadians 
 of whatever origin for the great work he accomplished as the 
 official head of the pioneers of Upper Canada, and for the lofty 
 ideal he steadily kept before himself and them. 
 
 For nearly five years the Parliament of l^pper Canada met at 
 Niagara, in the life of a nation this is a brief period, but it was 
 an era of the greatest importance in viur history. For, during 
 those five years, in your little town, the fundamental laws of the 
 Province were passed. The law of England was introduced, 
 tOg"ether with trial by jury ; slavery was abolished ; the due admin- 
 
 liich have been 
 a degree infln- 
 shed any other 
 1 a just consicl- 
 
 on and suft'er- 
 ^reat principle, 
 told in noble 
 
 leir faith 
 name, 
 
 lemselves in the 
 
 ept as the palla- istnition of justice was provided for by the establishment of courts 
 
— 6 
 
 . I 
 
 t 
 
 b 
 
 o 
 si 
 
 and the construction of courthouses and gaols ; for the security of 
 land titles a registry system was established; standard weights 
 and measures were enacted, and the first militia, assessment and 
 road acts were placed on the statute books of Upper Canada. 
 
 Those were the flourishing days of Niagara. The present 
 year is the centennial of its fall. In 1797 the seat of Parliament 
 was transferred to Toronto. That was the beginning of the end 
 of your ancient glories. Formerly a great emporium of the fur 
 traffic, and at a later period a centre of the wholesale trade and of 
 shipbuilding, Niagara has seen its trade destroyed by the pro- 
 gress of settlement, the rise of other commercial and manufac- 
 turing centres, and the construction of canals and railroads. For 
 a century or more it had been regarded as the chief military defence 
 of the country of the upper lakes. Across the river. Fort Niagara 
 still flings its flag to the breeze. On this side. Fort Mississaga, 
 the ruins of Fort George, Butler's Barracks, and the annual 
 summer camp remain to remind us of a military history 
 "of old and just renown." The ancient capital must always 
 continue, however, to be not merely what nature has made it, one 
 of the loveliest spots in America, but also from its historical asso- 
 ciations, one of the most interesting. / 
 
 To its more ancient memories of the old rc'gime, are added » 
 those which cluster round the names of Sir Wm. Johnson, Sim- 
 coe, Molly and Joseph Brant, Rogers, Talbot, Butler, Littlehales, 
 De Peyster, Guy Johnson, General Brock, Laura Sejord, Fitz- 
 Gibbon, Sir Allan M'Nab, Sir John Beverley Robinson, and mam 
 others, which Canada will not willingly let die. 
 
 Your own society has done good service in preserving the 
 history of Niagara and the Niagara district. The work of Mipr^ 
 Kirby, Miss Carnochan, and Major Ernest Cruikshank is oti| 
 lasting importance. May they live long to continue their rem^ 
 searches and to hand down the results to future ages. su^ 
 
 The first of the colonies to receive from the Imperial Parli;icij 
 ment the boon of representative institutions, Canada was tli 
 first to combine a number of provinces into a federal union. land 
 was natural and proper, therefore, that in the Jubilee celebratiohoij 
 which has recently taken place in London, the position of pre 
 
 se 
 ha 
 
the security of |cedence should have been given to Canada amongst all the self- 
 
 idard weights igoverning colonies. It is a source of satisfaction to all Canadians 
 
 ssessment and Ithat the Dominion should on so important an occasion have been 
 
 Jpper Canada. Irepresented by a statesman possessing the grace and tact and win- 
 
 ^ lining speech and presence of Sir Wilfred Laurier. He easily took 
 
 .. . Ithe foremost place among colonial premiers, by virtue of his per- 
 
 . nd ^^"'i^ qualities as well cis the etiquette of colonial precedence. 
 
 . , fir In the history of the empire the Jubilee must always be con- 
 
 1 • H of sidered an event of the first importance. It was the occasion of 
 
 the first council of representatives of the whole Empire of Britain 
 
 which was ever called. It was the occasion of a free-will offering 
 
 by the Dominion of Canada to the mother country, of a trade 
 
 concession, considered by Imperial authorities to be o( supreme 
 
 irfgniiicance. 
 
 d by the pro- 
 and manufac- 
 railroads. For 
 military defence 
 ir, Fort Niagara 
 ort Mississaga, 
 and the annual 
 nilitary history 
 tal must always 
 iias made it, one 
 s historical asso- 
 
 ■il 
 
 I 
 
 •' 'The gates are mine to open 
 ' As the gates are mine to close, 
 'And I abide by my mother's house,' 
 Said Our Lady of the Snows." 
 
 are added 
 Sim- 
 
 The commercial value of the concession may be great, but its 
 sentimental value is incalculable. The export trade of Canada 
 has as a result increased by leaps and bounds. But above all, the 
 Imperial bond of union has been strengthened as never before. 
 
 ime, 
 Johnson, oim- -j^^^ Jubilee is further signalized by the reversal of the foreign 
 
 tier, Littlcnaies, commercial policy of the Imperial Government at the instance of 
 ra Sejorci, r\ i ^ colony — the first case on record of such a change. The de- 
 3inson, and man\ j^yj^^j,^j.j^j^ ^^jj^g j.j.g,^jgj, j.j^gi,g^^^j.g j^^j.j^g ,^^ epoch in the com- 
 mercial history of the Empire. 
 n preserving the ' The unity of the Empire has further been recognized in a 
 he work of Mi poetical manner by the great learned societies. For the second 
 
 ruikshank is I'time the British Association for the Advancement of Science has 
 jntinue their rem^t in Canada, and its meeting is said to have been the most 
 ages. suii^essful ever held. For the first time the British Medical Asso- 
 
 ' Imperial Parliiiciirtdon has met in Canada and under highly favorable conditions. 
 
 Canada was tli In the Olympic games of the Empire, held at Bisley Common 
 ='deral union. land elsewhere, Canada has carried off some of the highest 
 
 ubilee celebratioihoffors. 
 
 oosition of pr^ -•^'^ many ways our Dominion has attracted the approving at- 
 
 
8 
 
 Icnlioii of the l^mpire atid the world during this Jubilee year, 
 v\ hich must al\va}s be a year of vast historical importance. 
 
 With iHir popidation of six millions, our trade of two hundred 
 millions, our vast commercial interests in shipping", railways, 
 canals, elevators, our free Parliaments, our universities, collejjes, 
 and unrivalled system of primary schools; our territory, larg-cr 
 than that of the United States, and nearly as larg^e as all Europe; 
 our aijricultural and timber wealth ; our limitless harvest of the 
 seas, and our undreamed of mineral resources in Ontario, Koot- 
 enay aiul the Klondike, what prophet can foretell the achieve- 
 ments of the next century? ( 
 
 lUit for what we ha\ e achieved and what we shall perform ii < 
 future years, let us acknowlcdj^e our debt to the bej^inners of tlu > 
 Canadian nation. The seed sown by them has yielded an abuii' 1 
 dent harvest. "God hath sifted three kinfjfdoms to fmd the covi i 
 for this planting," said the old Puritan divine. Doubly, trel ! c 
 uinnovxed, was the golden grain for the planting of }3ritisl 2 
 North America. 
 
 Reaping now the full fruition of their labors, we should not i: 
 this Jubilee year forget the noble men and women who, guardii, 
 a great idea, gave up home and property, the familiar scenes . 
 youth and the associations of a lifetime, to brave the perils of tl 
 pathless wilderness, to seek new homes for themselves and tht 
 children in the vast northern forest, and to establish British lav 
 and institutions securely once more under the red-cross fla;. 
 Although the makers of British Canada came from many land 
 and in later years chiefly from the triple kingdom across t! 
 seas, yet the pioneers among the pioneers were undoubtedly t: 
 United Empire Loyalists. 
 
 I am afraid we are apt to forget that the Loyalists, to a co h 
 siderable extent, were the very cream of the population of t: 
 Thirteen Colonies. They represented in very large measure t 
 learning, the piety, the gentle birth, the wealth and goi 
 citizenship of the British race in America, as well as its devotion 
 law and order, British institutions, and the unity of the Empi 
 This was the leaven they brought to Canada, which has leaver 
 the entire Dominion to this day. "Just as the twig is bent ; 
 tree inclines," and Canada will bear to its latest age the imprc 
 
 a 
 
 V 
 
 h 
 
; Jubilee year, 
 )ortance. 
 of two hundred 
 ■)pinj?, railways, 
 rsities, coUefjes, 
 territory, larger 
 e as all Europe; 
 v^ harvest of the 
 Ontario, Koot- 
 itell the achieve- 
 
 shall perform ii 
 
 beginners of tlu 
 
 yielded an abun 
 
 to hnd the con 
 
 Doubly, trebl; 
 
 luitinjj^ of Britis! 
 
 we should not i: 
 ;n who, guardir. 
 amiliar scenes . 
 e the perils of tl' 
 mselves and the 
 olish British lav 
 le red-cross ilai 
 from many land 
 iiij-dom across tl 
 ; undoubtedly t; 
 
 oyalists, to a co 
 population of t 
 large measure ti 
 wealth and go. 
 :11 as its devotion 
 mity of the Empi; 
 which has leaver 
 le twig is bent ; 
 St age the impr 
 
 |of the United Empire Loyalist. 
 
 From such an ancestry the principles ol' religion, patriotism, 
 law and order, have been inherited by the people of Canada. 
 
 "Yea, though we sinned and our rulers went from righteousness, 
 Deep in all dishonor though we stained our garment's hem," 
 
 Still the native instinct of British respect for law and order and 
 irighteousness never died out, but at the last has saved the nation. In 
 *many things relating to material progress, no doubt we have fallen 
 short of the great Republic across the river, but we can justly and 
 proudly claim that if life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness are 
 objects worthy of the care and protection of government, our own 
 fX)nstitution guards these more successfully than does that of our 
 neighbors. With their annual harvest of 10,000 murders and 200 
 lynchings Canada does not desire to compete. Since the Conquest 
 it can probably be affirmed with truth that there has never been a 
 case of lynching in the history of British North America. Beyond 
 0l\\ question, life and liberty are more secure in Canada than in the 
 United States; safer in the Kootenay than in Colorado, in the 
 Klondyke than in California, in Manitoba than in Missouri, in 
 Ontario than in Ohio. Our churches are well filled. Our legisla- 
 tion keeps pace with the requirements of advancing civilization. 
 Our Legislatures and Municipal Councils are fairly representative, 
 and largely free from corruption. Our laws are based upon the 
 principle of equal justice to all. In all these particulars the influ- 
 ence of the U. E. Loyalists is to be seen. Their motto was : 
 MLove the Brotherhood, Fear God, Honor the King." 
 
 In all ages and countries the beginners have been deemed 
 worthy of especial honor by succeeding ages. The Romans pre- 
 served for centuries the wild fig tree of Romulus and Remus as an 
 honored relic; the Englishman proudly records his descent from the 
 Normans who conquered at Hastings; the landing places of Cartier 
 aind Champlain at Quebec and Montreal are carefully identified 
 ai)d commemorated; Plymouth Rock records the landing of the 
 Pilgrim Fathers. 
 
 It is eminently fitting that the landing-place of the pioneers of 
 Mpper Canada should be distinguished by some conspicuous and 
 fiilting memorial. 
 
II 
 
 Ill 
 
 — jo- 
 lt is true that in a general sense their monuments are the 
 cleared forest and the fruitful field, the taU factory, the throng- 
 ed wharf and market, the i^^reat institutions of religion and learn- 
 ing, of art and benevolence, the reign of law and order, the love 
 of liberty conjoined with loyalty, and the breed of men who carry 
 on the work begun and hold high the banner borne by the pioneers 
 of a century ago. 
 
 But a just respect for their memory demands some formal ant! 
 permanent token, by which posterity may be constantly and direct- 
 ly reminded of the debt of honor and gratitude they owe, and 
 stimulated to pay it by effort and achievement worthy of their 
 blood — "that their days may be long in the land." The tombs oi 
 pioneers may become neglected and dilapidated. The rude railiiij; 
 in the midst of the field enclosing their sunken graves may crum- 
 ble to decay. The fading inscription on the wooden slab, record 
 ing the dates of birth and death of the stout hearted Ranger or hi; 
 brave wife, is at last obliterated by the hand of time. Historica 
 societies such as yours will, it is true, gather up writtei 
 records of the past and reminiscences of aged citizens, thii 
 saving from oblivion the names and deeds of individuals. But thi 
 entire community should combine to perpetuate the memory c 
 great national events. Therefore let the pillar or cairn be placei 
 near the Loyalists' landing, "plain for all folk to see." Ever 
 Canadian who reads its inscription will, we would fain hope, fee 
 his heart swell with commendable pride, and be inspired to emi 
 lation of those brave men and women who sacrificed all t 
 duty, and who, while strenuously maintaining their liberties, e^ 
 tablished upon a lasting foundation British laws and loyalty an 
 religion and order, and the principle of a united empire, in tti 
 northern land, which it is our fortune to have inherited from then 
 
 h 
 
 c< 
 
 a 
 
 P' 
 ei 
 
 P< 
 
 hi 
 
 fe 
 
 m 
 
 P< 
 til 
 
 di 
 fu 
 
luments are the 
 Lory, the throng- 
 ligion and learn- 
 id order, the love; 
 jf men who carry*! 
 lie by the pioneers 
 
 Hisforu Taught l)ij MuseuiiAS. 
 
 Jiy DAVH) BOYLE, Curator of Archaeological Museum, Toronto. 
 
 some formal ani! I 
 itantly and direct-^ 
 they owe, and 
 worthy of their 
 ." The tombs oi 
 The rude railinj; 
 3^raves may crum- 
 3den slab, record 
 ted Ranger or hi? 
 time. Historic:! 
 ither up writtei 
 gfed citizens, thu 
 ividuals. But thi 
 the memory 
 
 We are all history makers — each of us is a small lump of 
 history. 
 
 Mentally, as well as physically, we represent the development 
 pf our race. 
 
 If we trace our g-enealog'y for not more than ten g^enerations 
 we find that we represent more than 2,000 families, and if we 
 double the number of generations we shall discover that we are 
 connected with 1,937,152 men and women of separate families. 
 
 We cannot get away from this fact. 
 
 History can deal only with the past — the present itself be- 
 comes the past before we can formulate a notion of the present. 
 
 The past alone is ours, with the exception of one instant we 
 
 , / caII the present, 
 or cairn be placei ... ^ , „ . ... 
 
 ,, r- As the product or the past we are all mterested m it, actively or 
 
 c to see. Lver . . 
 
 , , - . , c passively. If activelw we become instructors, educators, mould- 
 
 lid fain hope, fee »^ -^ 
 
 ers of men. 
 
 ; inspired to emu 
 sacrificed all t 
 their liberties, e^ 
 s and loyalty an 
 ted empire, in th 
 herited from then 
 
 History lies at the foundation of every other science. 
 
 An ancient aphorism is "Man know thyself," and a modern 
 poet tells us that the "Proper study of mankind is man." 
 
 History has always been the same in its essence as it is to-day, 
 but its treatment in literary form is not now what it was only a 
 few years ago. 
 
 Recent historians recognize the part quietly played by human 
 nature wholly apart from plots, murders, and bloody battles, im- 
 portant as such events were, are, and for a time at least, must con- 
 tinue to be. 
 
 'Account is now taken of what were once thought beneath the 
 di|fnified notice of the historian — no habit, no mode of life, no 
 funeral custom, no method of catching or preparing food, no fash- 
 
 
ii 
 
 -12- 
 
 ion in clothing, no system of jjovernment, no mode of selecting 
 rulers, no notions of justice however crude any or all of them may 
 be, or may have been, are now rejjarded as too trivial for observ 
 ation, because it is from simple beginnings that everything origin 
 ates. 
 
 In this country recorded history begins only a few hundrcc 
 years ago, and in some localities it is but a lifetime since. 
 
 Now is the time to catch for ourselves what has escaped st 
 many elsewhere. i 
 
 If we do our duty now we shall provide material for futun t 
 study such as no other country in the world can supply — for not 1 
 withstanding the statement that we have no history, we have on 
 of the most brilliant and instructive histories any country coul < 
 desire. c 
 
 It has been said that the country is happy that has no histon 
 
 This is sheer nonsense. It is as if one should say, happy is th f< 
 man who never had any experience. fi 
 
 The history of our Empire is the most glorious history pertair 
 ing to any empire or republic that has ever existed. 
 
 We as Britons, have done more than our share in the advano 
 ment, in the civilization, in the humanizing of our race, and tho 
 of us who find ourselves in this country have no reason to t 
 ashamed of what our people have achieved here. 
 
 Let us in no braggart or vain-glorious spirit hand down o • 
 record to the ages. 
 
 To accomplish this, literary effort should be supplemented . 
 that which is more material in its character. 
 
 Cl 
 
 In matters archoeological it is found necessary to sho7v 1 1? 
 ancient tools and ornaments, and this method of illustration is ^ 
 less a sine qua non in matters historical. 
 
 The Tower of London contains the materialized history of Eii 
 land since the days of King Alfred, and a thousand museu 
 throughout Great Britain and Ireland possess that which alo 
 renders many portions of history probable, while in numerous 
 stances literary records would prove incomplete, fallacious or ci 
 fusing without the work of the antiquarian. 
 
 Object-teaching is the oldest kind of teaching we know abc 
 
 a 
 
 tl 
 t 
 
13 
 
 lode of selecting; 
 ir all of them may 
 ;rivial for observ- 
 everything origin- 
 
 »ly a few hundrci 
 ime since. 
 
 Other thinirs bei 
 
 It has been recently revived in our schools. CMher things nenig 
 
 ual, the most successful teacher is he who makes the best use 
 
 the blackboard even with advanced pupils. 
 
 The desire to sec things is one of the strongest of human de- 
 
 ires. Hence "shopping;" hence our shows and fairs; hence 
 
 eatricals; hence travel, adventure and discovery; hence our im- 
 
 ense national and international exhibitions. 
 
 t has escaped si '^ For local history purposes there is nothing superior to the locil 
 
 museum, always made and provided that said museum shall be 
 material for futun time to itself. It must not become a mere heterogeneous collec- 
 
 supply for not tion — a mass of bric-a-brac, or a heap o( curiosities. 
 
 •torv we have on ' Fvery object should illustrate a point, enforce some statement 
 
 country coul Ot elucidate something obscure, and should be provided with a 
 
 clear and copious label. 
 
 hat has no histor\ i We all recjuire to be reminded of what we were, and it is good 
 
 Id s'lv happy is th f<^ "^ to see how our forefathers accomplished their tasks in the 
 
 fa^c of what we consider disadvantages, 
 
 • Many young Canadians to-day would ^o about the chopping- of 
 artree with considerable awkwardness; it seems incredible to them 
 that tiiere ever was a time when it was difficult to procure a light, and 
 lare m * tlp^y can realize only with difficulty that not very long ago there 
 
 our rac , ■ ^^^^ pq p^^^j- ^;^(^^2Q facilities, r.o telegraphs or even no telephones. 
 
 ve no re ^ vThe local museum should be the place to teach us all how 
 
 ^' much we now have to be thankful tor, besides g-iving us clear 
 
 pirit hand down o J^iii^jj ^g t,o the origin and development of present day comforts, 
 
 and it is the bounden duty of every well-wisher to his community 
 36 supplemented ^^ jj|j |,^ building up such a collection as will be highly 
 
 crid^itable to the people themselves. Wherever there is a good 
 cessary to sno7V ||||jpary there should be an equally good museum. One without 
 of illustration is ^ Q^^^r is incomplete. 
 
 lized history of Er f 
 
 3us history pertair 
 sted. 
 
 thousand museu; 
 
 
 s that which ale ^^ 
 lile in numerous: ^^ 
 te, fallacious or cc "^ 
 
 
 m 
 
 ling we know abc ,Si|^ 
 
1 I 
 
 I 
 
 i( 
 
he Battle of Queenston Heigtits. 
 
 By HON. J. a. Cl/KKIE, of St. Catharines. 
 
 Notes of an address delivered on May 24, 1898, at Queenston 
 Heif^hts, before the Canadian Historical Pil^rima^e. 
 
 It was fortunate for Upper Canada and the Empire that in 181 2, 
 when war broke out between the United States and Great Britain, 
 the civil and military government was in the hands of a man like 
 General Brock. He was a brave, fearless soldier who never 
 thoug'ht of dang'er in the face o( an enemy. Brock captured 
 Detroit with a handful of British troops and a few militia support- 
 ed by the Indians under Tecumseh. Following" this event, the 
 Americans began to organize a large force on the Niagara frontier 
 with a view to making a second attack on Canada. Their force 
 probably numbered seven thousand, scattered between Buffalo and 
 Fort Niagara. Brock, on the other hand, had not more than 1,500 
 or 1,600 to oppose them on the Canadian side of the river He 
 was perfectly satisfied that an attack would be made early in the 
 month of October. On the night of the twelfth of October, the 
 lig'ht company of the 49th regiment, under the command of Cap- 
 tain Williams, was stationed in the redan battery, which was situ- 
 ited half way down the hill and toward the river bank. Down in 
 the village of Queenston was the other flank company of the 49th — 
 :he Grenadiers, numbering only 46 men under the command of 
 Vlajor Dennis. In addition to those two companies, there was 
 ii^aptain Chisholm's company from York, and Captain Hatt's com- 
 )any from the 5th Lincoln Battalion. A small detachment o{ 
 irtillery had two guns — called "grasshoppers." They were well 
 lamed, for they only carried a ball weighing 3 lbs. These guns 
 vere under the command of Lieut. Crowther, assisted by the late 
 
I ! 
 
 ni 
 
 
 ■mm 
 
 — J6 — 
 
 Captain Ball, who iived at the Four-Mile Creek. 
 
 The morninj^ of the 13th o( October was very stormy an( 
 blustering. It rained and blew heavily, and under cover of th 
 darkness, and before daylight — probably between two and thre 
 o'clock a.m. — the Americans commenced crossing the river, the! 
 first landing being near where I am pointing. There was quite i 
 bank then which protected them. They were seen, however, bi 
 the militia sentinel who ran to the guardhouse instead of firing hii 
 musket, and giving an alarm. When the Grenadier company 
 the 49th (Brock's own regiment) and the militia companies saw th 
 invading force, they commenced firing upon them, using the twii 
 little "grasshoppers" which did capital execution. The officer li 
 charge of the Americans was severely wounded, as well as a greai 
 many of the rank and file before they got far from the river bank| 
 in fact, they were driven back. There was a gun planted at Vroo 
 man's Point which commanded the river, and several America 
 boats were injured by its fire in their attempts to land early in tl 
 engagement. Some of the battered boats drifted down to a poi; 
 in the shore known as "the deep hollow," where they ran ashore ai 
 between seventy and eighty of their occupants were made prisoner 
 
 In the meantime. Captain Wool, of the American service, toe 
 some ot his men up the river and in shore until they came to tl 
 fisherman's path, traces of which can still be seen under and ne 
 the old ruined bridge. They succeeded in reaching the heights I 
 means of this steep and narrow pathway without being discovert'. 
 
 When this early morning invasion was commenced, Gener 
 Brock was in the barracks of Fort George in Niagara, seven mil 
 away. He was an early riser, but the night previous he sat i 
 until after midnight writing despatches, and wrote also what w 
 to be his last letter to a brother in England. By daybreak he w 
 aroused by the sound of distant firing, immediately ordered 1 
 horse and galloped up the road leading from Fort George. 
 
 On that morning the battery at the first point (Vrooman's) w 
 guarded by Captain Heward's volunteer company from Little Yor 
 A battery at Brown's Point was in charge of a company of Toror 
 volunteers under the command of Captain Cameron. When tlu 
 companies heard the firing and saw the flashing of the artillery a 
 

 as very stormy ant 
 under cover of th. 
 een two and thrct 
 sing the river, thoi: 
 There was quite ; 
 ! seen, however, h\ 
 instead of firinj^ hi: 
 nadier company o 
 i companies saw th^ 
 hem, using the t\\\ 
 ion. The officer i 
 d, as well as a gre;; 
 rom the river batik 
 ufun planted at Vroo 
 d several Americii 
 i to land early in t! 
 fted down to a poi; 
 e they ran ashore ai 
 were made prisoner 
 nerican service, toe 
 itil they came to tl 
 seen under and ne 
 iching the heights t 
 )ut being discovert-, 
 commenced, Gener 
 Niagara, seven mil 
 It previous he sat i 
 ivrote also what w 
 By daybreak he w 
 nediately ordered 1 
 Fort George, 
 oint (Vrooman's) w 
 any from Little Yor 
 I company of Toroi 
 .meron. When tht 
 ng of the artillery a 
 
 I — J7 — 
 
 inusketry, Captain Cameron proceeded without orders toward the 
 
 t eights to a point near the pine grove that now stands. 
 Brock had travelled so fast that he overtook and passed this 
 itompany. He was alone, not even an aide-de-camp being with 
 itiim. As he galloped by he signalled to the troops to hurry on. 
 |n a few moments he reached and passed Vrooman's battery. By 
 this time the General was overtaken by his two splendid aides, 
 iPaptain Glegg and Colonel McDonnell, then Attorney General of 
 tipper Canada. A student under McDonnell was one of the par- 
 ticipators in the battle of Queenston Heights — John Beverley Rob- 
 inson, afterwards Chief Justice of Upper Canada. 
 
 Brock speedily reached the redan battery, on the side of the 
 heights, with one i8-lb gun (which commanded a portion of the 
 :^Ver) and entering the enclosure, found only eight men in charge. 
 ||o sooner had the commander entered the battery than shots were 
 f^ed upon it from the men who had gained the top of the hill. This 
 i^ivealed the fact to him that the foe had gained the heights. 
 While in this dangerous and exposed position, Brock and his gun- 
 ners narrowly escaped being captured. It was now about seven 
 a^clock in the morning. The battery was evacuated, but not until 
 the artillerymen had taken the precaution to spike the i8-pounder. 
 Brock had not time to mount his horse, but led it down the hill- 
 side and entered the village to reform his troops. All he had at 
 that time was less than 200 men, viz. : 46 of the Grenadier com- 
 pwiy, between 46 and 50 of the light company and two companies 
 of militia. With that small force Brock, as I think injudiciously, 
 undertook what 2,000 men could hardly with prudence attempt, 
 viz. : to storm this height with such a handful of men. Brock 
 was mounted when he led his men, but it is stated in history, and 
 I doubt not truly, that when he came to the stone wall near the 
 base of the hill, he dismounted and thereafter led his men on foot. 
 The only stone walls existing at that time in Queenston were one 
 around Judge Hamilton's house and one this side of Mr. Thomas 
 Dickson's house — the first low house I am pointing to, which was 
 built by him some time before the war. It was at this latter wall 
 that Brock dismounted. He was on the left of his men, leading 
 th^m up, and had not proceeded very far when he received the 
 
!li*|li 
 
 1 
 
 — 18 — 
 
 fatal bullet. He muttered but a few words when he died. HisJ 
 men retreated to the far end of the village. For ihejirst time theij 
 49th showed their back to the enemy. Brock's remains were car-'J 
 ried off by his men and were taken to a house then occupied byj 
 Laura Secord — the house from which she went to milk her cow,3i 
 the time she gave warning to the British, and Boerstler's corpsn 
 was captured by a handful of men under Lieut. Fitzgibbon. f 
 
 Our troops retreated, as I have said, to the far end of the vil-ol 
 lage. The two companies of York volunteers from Brown's andia 
 Vrooman's batteries joined them there and increased the combinedu 
 force by that number. About half past nine, Colonel McDonnell^a 
 attempted to do what Brock had failed to accomplish two hours 
 before. He repeated the movements but was defeated and receiv-hc 
 ed a wound from which he died the next day. Again our men fellia 
 back, but further than the end of the village, to Vrooman's Point.Ln 
 where they waited until reinforcements should come from Fort»c( 
 George, comprising three er four companies of the 41st, with someoi 
 militia, but in the meantime young Brant with 120 Indians, cametc 
 up from the lake shore near Niagara, ascended the mountains nearly 
 St. Davids and moved east until they hemmed the Americans in.iis 
 They kept them pretty well in their place for several hours and»f 
 until reinforcements arrived. al 
 
 By two o'clock in the afternoon, if we had been here and look-ro 
 ed down that road below Queenston, we would have seen horseso 
 and men splashing through the mud. Captain Merritt, the orig- 
 inator of the Welland canal, and the first suspension bridge acrossea 
 the Niagara, near the Falls, had arrived with his troop of yeo>oi 
 manry. Following him, came Captain Halcroft with two cannonjhc 
 and one howitzer, a company of regulars and two companies otVn 
 militia. They no doubt made quite a show and were anxiously 
 watched by the foe from this summit who were expecting anothei'a| 
 attack. Instead of that, General Sheaffe pursued a prudentva 
 course. This beautiful stretch of country, now covered with fruititt 
 trees, was then covered with a dense forest. None of the clearJOi 
 ings extended back more than twenty or twenty-five chains froirh* 
 the river, for the people had not been long settled. Genera 
 Sheaffe took a road leading west and then went south and ascend^Q 
 
 -*B»«PJ9!«1'JJ.J1«JU-JIJI* 
 
/ — 19 — 
 
 hen he died. Hisd^he mountain without being seen by the enemy. The first 
 • the ^rsi time thei|j|gr the Americans knew of SheafFe being on the summit was 
 remains were car-fi^ they were about a mile above here. He advanced his men 
 hen occupied byj ftir as the old Chisholm place, when the force formed a line 
 t to milk her cowoming down this way. As a result, the Americans had to change 
 
 Boerstler's corpsi|||- front. The Indians had occupied the woods along the brow 
 Fitzgibbon. f the mountain. Next to them on the left was a company of 
 
 far end of the vil-o|i|red troops from Niagara, for in those days we had a great 
 rom Brown's andiaiy negros here. Slavery had been abolished in Upper Canada, 
 ased the combinedut not in the United States, and therefore many a colored runa- 
 'olonel McDonnell/ay found a refuge on this side of the river. 
 
 mplish two hours ^he two little grasshopper guns were hauled up by ropes and 
 efeatedand receiv4ie Canadian line was formed facing the Americans. The In- 
 Again our men felliaof commenced the action, followed bv the whole force. The 
 
 Vrooman's Point.Lintricans numbered 800 or 900, in command of Col. Winfield 
 1 come from Fortlcbift, one of the best officers in their service, and afterwards the 
 he 41st, with someoil^ueror of Mexico. He was then in the prime of life. Brock 
 120 Indians, cametoitiid six feet two in his stocking feet, but Scott was six feet four, 
 the mountains nearly- ijvas a splendid officer, and he must be given the credit that is 
 
 the Americans in.iis 4ue. His services along the frontier were the most valuable 
 everal hours andtf the American officers. He made a stump speech to his men, 
 
 ailing on them to redeem and capture the cannon taken at De- 
 een here and look-rott» and telling them they were in a tight place and must fight 
 have seen horseso the death as the river was between them and their country. 
 
 Merritt, the origOapti Holcraft's artillery, being out of range, limbered up and 
 tision bridge acrosseafihed the burning ruins of Judge Hamilton's house. From this 
 
 his troop of yeo)oint he commanded the river and silenced the field battery across 
 t with two cannonshe Stream and prevented any further force from coming to the 
 two companies otVmericans. 
 md were anxiouslv |ll a few minutes the real battle of Queenston Heights was 
 
 expecting anotheragJillg", but -t did not last long. The red men uttered a series of 
 ursued a prudenivar whoops which added to the terror and confusion. Our two 
 
 covered with fruitittle-guns were again put to work and soon every musket and can- 
 Jone of the clearJOn Was in use. It was soon all over — a cheer and a dash, and 
 tv-five chains froirhe <ild Union Jack brought down the Stars and Stripes. 
 '• settled. Genera Tl^e loss on the Canadian side was not heavy — not more than 
 t south and ascend^9 k&led and 50 or 60 wounded. Of course we lost two grand 
 
i I 
 
 '1 
 
 ' i 1 
 
 I I ! 
 
 — 20 — 
 
 men — Brock, the hero and idol oi the people of Upper Cana( 
 and his aide, Col. McDonnell. Both were brave men, and b( 
 fell in defence of King and country. Thus ended the battle 
 Queenston Heights. 
 
 Brock's remains were afterward taken to Fort George a 
 buried in the bastion he himself had built a few mon 
 before. In 1815, after peace had been secured by treaty, 
 Legislature of Upper Canada voted ;^i,ooo to build a monurrn 
 to Brock, but that was not enough to finish it. In 1820 y£( 
 additional was granted. ;^ 1,600 was a large sum for the pi 
 settlers of that day. In due time the monument was built. \ 
 the 13th October, 1824, Brock's remains were taken from F 
 George to the Heights where he had fallen. It was a great d 
 with an immense gathering of people from all parts of the Provin 
 The procession was two miles long and it took four hours to i 
 verse the seven miles. Minute guns were fired from Fort Gee 
 and also from the American Fort Niagara, and I might say that 
 the day he was taken to Fort George the American fort also fi 
 their minute guns as a token of respect for a brave enemy. K 
 the end of the eventful day the body of the dead hero was dep 
 ited in what is now known as the first monument, which stooi 
 few yards to the south of the brow and east of the present mo; 
 ment, the foundation still being visible. 
 
 On the 13th of April, 1840 — a Good Friday, I will not; 
 how old I then was, I well remember — I heard a loud rep 
 which startled the whole village and country. Some b 
 wretches from the other side, having an ill-feeling against i 
 country, came over, placed powder in the monument and destr 
 ed it, shivering it from top to bottom. It was not quite so h 
 as the present structure, but was perhaps better placed for vit 
 You could ascend to its top and walk on a balcony, wherea; 
 the present monument, the only view one has is through sir 
 round holes in the walls. The deed was execrated in both co 
 tries, and if the amiable feeling now prevailing between us had 
 isted then, they would have sent the miscreants back to us 
 trial and execution. 
 
 The people of Upper Canada felt that their hero's grave « 
 
le of Upper Canac ij 
 rave men, and h(^ 
 ended the battle ^ 
 
 to P'ort Gdorg-e ai 
 ilt a few mon: 
 ured by treaty, • 
 o build a monumi 
 it. In 1820 j£t 
 
 -2\~ 
 
 ecrated. The monument that cost so much was gfone, and it 
 s resolved to erect another. Sir Georjje Arthur, then Governor 
 this Province, called upon all the militia of Upper Canada to as- 
 
 ble on these hei«»"hts on the 30th of June, 1840. I took part 
 
 that g"reat meetinjj. It was a beautiful day. Just such a day 
 
 this. I secured a g-ood position right on the edge of the top, 
 
 d had a panoramic view of the thrilling" sight. Ten steamers 
 
 me slowly up the Niagara in line, from Toronto, Cobourg, 
 
 milton and Kingston, with H. M. S. Traveller bringing up the 
 
 e sum for the pi rear, with the Governor and his suite and many leading people on 
 nent was built. \ board. The ships landed their passengers at a wharf that stood 
 ere taken from F at '*the deep hollow," and everybody climbed the hill to the height. 
 It was a great d The militia ofHcers were all in uniform, and a good, plain service- 
 parts of the Proviii able uniform it was, blue suit, with epaulettes and silver or tinsel 
 )k four hours to i on the top, sash and sword. The officers formed into two lines, 
 red from Fort Geo bcKtween which passed the Governor and the other notables, 
 id I might say that I%ople came from all parts of the Province, the day being declar- 
 nerican fort also fi ed a holiday. The Height was crowded. The Royal Artillery 
 brave enemy. I\' ficed a salute. It was a grand military and civil display. Among 
 ead hero was dep the military were the 93rd Sutherland Highlanders, v.ith a piper's 
 ument, which stoot band; and a squadron of the ist King's Dragoon Guards in burn- 
 of the present moi ished helmets. The meeting being called to order, several 
 
 .speeches were made by Governor Arthur, John Beverley Robinson, 
 riday. I will not Chief Justice McLean, altogether the best by Judge Sullivan, 
 
 among others Sir Allan McNab, and Judge Hagarman. A resolu- 
 tion was unanimously passed that the people of Upper Canada 
 should build a new monument, finer and better than that destroy- 
 ed. Parliament was not asked for a copper, and the regulars and 
 militiamen, both officers and men, were asked to give one day's 
 pay to the object. In due time the contributions came in until 
 oyer $50,000 was gathered. The monument (and the keeper's 
 
 -I heard a loud rep 
 )untry. Some b 
 11-feeling against > 
 onument and destr 
 vas not quite so Ii 
 itter placed for vit 
 a balcony, where; 
 
 has is through sr lodge at the gateway) cost $47,000. 
 
 2crated in both a 
 ig between us had 
 eants back to us 
 
 leir hero's grave 1 
 
 Between the destruction of the old and the completion of the 
 Iiew monument. Brock's remains were buried in the private burial 
 jppund of the Hamilton family. In 1853, his dust, and that of 
 fficDonnell, were placed in the sacrcophagus in this monument, 
 li^liere it is to be hoped th^y will remain in peace. 
 
11 
 
 I 
 
 ti 
 
 — 22 — 
 
 Perhaps I might mention in conclusion an interesting inciden; 
 on the day of the great procession and meeting already referre^ 
 to. When the speeches were being made, a young British taj 
 from "The Traveller" started to climb hand over hand up thj 
 lightning rod that stretched from bottom to top of the wreckej 
 monument. It was a perilous undertaking, for one did not kno^ 
 at what moment the shattered and cracked structure might giv^ 
 way, nor could one tell how much weight the rod would bear, bi^ 
 the brave lad reached the topmost gallery and swinging himsej 
 over the projecting coping, climbed on top. The ten or fiftee 
 thousand people below held their breath in anxious suspense a,, 
 the boy began to feel for his pocket and to pull therefrom a big 
 of twine and let it down, with which he drew up a heavier or 
 with a Union Jack, and at last, the flag was attached and fllle 
 out grandly in the breeze. Then a tremendous cheer rent tl^ 
 air, and before the daring fellow reached the ground safely, a ha 
 was passed around, and he received substantial reward for hi 
 bravery. 
 
 [The address of Mr. Currie was kindly taken in shorthand by Mr. Frar. 
 
 Yeigh, the leader of the pilgrimage party, at the request of the President of il; 
 Niagara Historical Society.] 
 
 ^ * * 
 
 After his address, Mr. Currie was requested to accompany tb 
 pilgrims to the earthworks to the south of the present monumeii! 
 where he pointed out the portage road down which Gen. Sheal? 
 marched on his way to attack the Americans, and the formatio 
 of the forces when they engaged in battle about four o'clock i 
 the afternoon. In speaking of the earth works he said it used t 
 be questioned very much by whom and when they were erectec 
 Some said they were built by the French before the conques! 
 others by the Americans on 13th October, 1812, and many thougl; 
 they were built in 1814 by the force under Brown of the America 
 army which encamped on the heights for several days. He wa 
 pleased to be in a position to settle the dispute, as he had in hi 
 possession a letter, which had lately come into his hand« 
 dated the 4th September, 181 4, written at Hope Cottage, For 
 George, by the wife of the officer under whose direction they wer 
 
— 23 — 
 
 interesting incidenj 
 g already referre^ 
 young British ta 
 over hand up thi 
 op of the wrecke| 
 r one did not kno^ 
 ructure might gi\| 
 rod would bear, bi^i 
 
 t — Lieutenant Jenoway of the I St Scots Royals. This letter 
 :es that after the erection of Fort Mississauga at the mouth of 
 river, Lieut. Jenoway was ordered up to Queenston to erect 
 earth works. This would be in the early summer of 1814. 
 completed the works and mounted the guns, but soon after 
 n Gen. Brown crossed at Fort Erie on 3rd July, 1814, before 
 battle of Lundy's Lane, the lieutenant was ordered to destroy 
 Ih as much as possible and remove the guns to Fort George. 
 
 id swinging himse|J^artially destroyed the works and got the guns to Fort George. 
 
 The ten or nftee '.|t may safely be said that in the last hundred years we have 
 
 nxious suspense a,nii4e a good deal of history, of most of which we may be proud, 
 
 11 therefrom a b^and of little of which we have any reason to be ashamed, 
 up a heavier or 
 
 attached and fille • 
 
 ous cheer rent t\. 
 
 fround safely, a hi . • • 
 
 tial reward for hi 
 
 horthand by Mr. Fran 
 of the President of \\. 
 
 id to accompany t!i 
 present monumen; 
 which Gen. Sheafi 
 and the formatic 
 out four o'clock i 
 Ls he said it used t 
 n they were erectei; 
 efore the conquest 
 2, and many though 
 »wn of the America: 
 eral days. He wa 
 e, as he had in hi 
 ne into his hands 
 tlope Cottage, For 
 I direction they wer 
 
M 
 
 I I 
 
 > i 
 
 ' '! 
 
 ! I 
 
 Mi , ? 
 
 ;1 
 
 <iii 
 
 MONUMENTS. 
 
 A paper read before the Ontari* Historical Society, at Osliwckcn, at the Ann 
 Meeting, June ist, i8q8, by Janet Carnochan, I'resiileiil Niai^ara Historical Socit 
 
 UNITED EMPIRE LOYALIST MEMORIAL. 
 
 A stately monumental pile build hi^h, 
 Where landed on our slopinjj, smilinjj shores 
 Those loyal souls, who suffering' nobly* bore, 
 That they and theirs, "God save the King," might cry 
 With steadfast heart, and voice heard far and nigh — 
 Matron and maid, and son and sire, who tore 
 Themselves from pleasant hearths and homes, nav more- 
 From silent graves, where loved ones peaceful lie. 
 
 Build then a shaft, "plain for all folk to see" 
 To tell that every spot is hallowed ground 
 Veined by the blood of those who fain would be 
 Still Britain's sons, as witness many a mound. 
 Forgfet not we the red man, our ally, 
 For faith his like, nor gold nor land can buy. 
 
 Why are monuments erected ? Where? What, and how? 
 questions which may be asked and which should be answered 
 isfactorily, in any discussion on the subject. In all ages and 
 tions it has been the cus-tom for civilized man to erect v 
 memorial of great men, great deeds or great deliverances, tos: 
 in g"ratitude, or warning, or remembrance. In Bible history, v 
 the children of Israel miraculously crossed the Jordan, they 
 instructed to take twelve stones from the river, in commemon 
 of the deliverance. In Egypt, the pyramids and sphinx, mono 
 and colwnns, stand to this day, riddles which modern ingenuity 
 not yet solved, shewing the mechanical skill, raatlie 
 
 ( 
 ( 
 
 
 
 3g !' -l..'.l!. --. -l_.-. ^^ 
 
 -.=j^E 
 
 iSSSBBsass 
 
 SSEB 
 
 fgwg 
 
,t Oshwckcn, at ihe Anr 
 Niai^iira Historical Son 
 
 lEMORIAL. 
 
 r shores 
 
 y.bore, 
 
 King, " might cry 
 
 1 fur and nigh-- 
 
 ivho tore 
 
 I homes, nav more- 
 
 ■i peaceful he. 
 
 to see" 
 •ouml 
 n would be 
 
 ii mound. 
 
 can buy. 
 
 What, and how? 
 lould be answered 
 In all ages and 
 ;d man to erect v 
 t deliverances, to si 
 
 In Bible history, v 
 the Jordan, they i 
 /er, in commemom 
 
 and sphinx, mono 
 h modern ingenuit) 
 cal skill, raathe: 
 
 — 25 - 
 
 il knowledge, perseverance and dogged industry of 
 Egyptians. The Rosettoa stone and Moabite stone proclaim 
 
 ;tories. In India the Taj Mahal in the city of Agra, that dream of 
 
 Luty to the memory of a beautiful woman by her loving husband, 
 
 iting millions of money and years of work ; in London the great 
 is commemorated, and holy men and women have erected 
 
 itly fanes, in gratitude to God for some signal deliverance ; 
 
 Limphal arches have been erected ; our great men have been 
 h<iibored, as that triumph of carved stone, the most remarkable to 
 any literary man. Sir Walter Scott's monument, and the Albert 
 Memorial to him whom Tennyson called Albert the Good, who 
 "wore the white flower of a blameless life." 
 
 And of late years the expatriation of the United Empire Loyal- 
 ists is coming to take its proper place in history, is seen in its true 
 perspective, an event that has scarcely any parallel in history ex- 
 cept the Acadian Expulsion, or that of the Hugenots from F" ranee 
 after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. For the first public 
 expression of the necessity of a monument on our shores to mark 
 th# landing place of the U. E. Loyalists, we are indebted, as far as 
 I am aware, to Rev. Canon Bull, the respected President of Lundy's 
 Lane Historical Society, in his report when President of the Pro- 
 vincial Association, his suggestion being to place a cairn with the 
 names of the families who landed here. Surely the landing on our 
 shores of a people coming through dangers multiform, by devious, 
 dangerous ways to an almost wilderness is an event to be com- 
 memorated, an event which has had results far reaching and im- 
 portant, for it may truly be said that had not the great majority 
 of people in Canada been U. E. Loyalists the results of the war of 
 1812 might have been far different, for the strong determination 
 of Canadians to defend their territory was intensified in the case 
 of those who had suffered so much to maintain the unity of the 
 Empire. 
 
 It has been said that three nations were sifted to produce the 
 Puritans, and again were they sifted to form the U. E. Loyalists. 
 Ciunada has at last awaked to the fact that she has a history, and 
 she has also awaked to the need of commemorating her sons. Mon- 
 uitiMlhts to Wolfe and Montcalm, to -De Salaberry and Ryerson, to 
 
iii: 
 
 li 
 
 ■,5 
 
 — 26 — 
 
 Macdonald and Hrown, Ihat al Lundy's Lane to the heroes of llu 
 burning- July day, and crovvnin^^ the mount from which we behol 
 so wonderful a panorama of river, lake and plain, the martji 
 fiyuie of the Hero of Upper Canada. 
 
 Could the stories be j^^athered up of the journeys throuj^h tl 
 wilderness, in the canoe, skirtinj^ lakes, swinmuiii;- rivers, briii| 
 in{,' with them pathetic reminders o( their homes, now treasurt 
 relics, volumes mi^ht be written. The romantic story of Mr 
 Land almost equals that of Lvan^^eline in its interest. The hon 
 of the Loyalist burnt in his absence, he iVma for his life, thinkii 
 his wife and children had perislied in tlie ilames, and reaches C;i, 
 ada, living- the life ot a misanthrope, while the wife and childii 
 reach Nova Scotiti, lliinkin};' tiie liusband and father slain, but i 
 wife, grown restless and wearying', hoping" she might yet hear 
 her husband, comes by slow journe)ings to Niagara and he.irs ^i 
 a solitary settler named Land fort}' miles away, and ag'ain laLj. 
 up the weary march, finds a log house, and lier long lost husbai„ 
 who, after thirteen years, scarcely knows his wife and chikiim 
 The story mig'ht make a thrilling' Canadian lomance. TIicm j 
 story of Magdalene Whitmore, fwc Servos, who as a child saw;,, 
 murder of her Loyalist g-randfather, and after many years is broii;,^ 
 to Canada to her father's new home and there becomes the nioiif, 
 of the wife of our g^reat novelist, Mr. Kirby. Well may he 
 the story so feeling^ly, and no wonder, havings heard it in these \ 
 E. homes so often. 
 
 g 
 a 
 
 ' ' And they who loved 
 The cause that had been lost, and kept their faith 
 To Eng^land's crown and scorned an alien name 
 Passed into exile, leaving all behind 
 Except their honor, and the conscious pride 
 Of duty done to country and to Kingf. 
 Broad lands, ancestral homes, the g-athered wealth 
 Of patient toil and self-denying years 
 Were confiscate and lost * * * 
 
 Not drooping like poor fugitives they came 
 In exodus to our Canadtan wilds, 
 
 h 
 
 ci 
 e 
 
 s 
 
 II 
 
 G 
 C 
 
 .mma 
 
 rs swt mi* ' . '' Ji-^isjjm- ii 
 
 warn 
 
— 27 
 
 to the heroes of lli,; 
 Din which we beho! 
 tl phiin, the marti, 
 
 uirncvs throiurh tl 
 iiniinj.; rivers, briiu 
 Miles, now treaMun 
 antic story oi' Mr 
 interest. Tlie hoi: 
 lor his lite, thiiilsii 
 
 Ihit full ol heart and hope, with heads erect 
 
 And fearless eye, victorious in defeat, 
 ; With thousand toils they forced their devious way 
 
 'ihroug^h the j^reat wilderness of silent woods, 
 * That {^-learned o'er lake aud stream, till hiy^her rose 
 
 '1 lie northern star above the broad domain 
 J' Oi' half a continent, still theirs to hold, 
 
 Oefenil and keep, forever as their own. 
 
 Their own and ICn-iland's to the end oi' titne." 
 
 Let us not forget ihe part borne by our red brethren who may 
 les, and reaches Ca^j^^ j^^. ^..^„^.j United I'jiipire Loyalists, and let us not for^^^t their 
 he wite and ^'Inidr.i^gg^^ .^^^^j j,^,jv^;rinos, the deprivation of their land in the first place 
 1 Inlher shun, but i^|j^„ tl,^.^ ^.^^^ ti,^/,r huntin^^ },n-ounds moved back and ever back- 
 he mii^'ht y*il •^'-•''•ward, at the resistless march of settlement, and next the loss of 
 shai^^aru and l^<^'ii the protection of their Great Father and the almost impossibility 
 •ay, and a^^am L:iLj.q |j|g„, ^,fl,^,lj^,^.i,^^^ tl,,^^ j.^,^,,, ^1,^ j.^i^^;^ ^^f ^^.|^l^,j^ ^]^^y ,v.lj ^Q^ure 
 
 .er lon^^ lost husbai^^l^ a.^ain lost, that they too must seek other hunting' ^^rounds if 
 is wife Jind chiluu^j,^y^^i,.j^^,j j^, ^^ ^,^^ .^,lj^„^ ^,f Britain, seeing,' their fields laid 
 lomance. * '"^-i desola'.o, their crops destroyed, and let us not forj^-et that much 
 vho as H chile saw; nfjjj^gj-i^i |,^.ip ^^.^^ o^iven by them. Was not the vpclory of ourim- 
 many years is brouirtioiftal H.-o.k .it Detroit assisted by the presence of our Indian 
 e becomes the niotifrie^d.s ? And witii Sheade at Queenston their presence helped to 
 Well may he igain tiu day, and at Beaver Dams and Moravian Town they well 
 ^ heard it in these and nobly played their part. We rejoice that so noble a monument 
 
 has been erected to the ^jcat chief Brant, and much would we be 
 delighted w ere there one also to Tecumseh, who was so able, so 
 eloquent, so wise, so brave. May the day soon dawn, as at BufVa- 
 lo to Ked Jacket, may a noble statute to Tecumseh be erected 
 
 And now we asiv that some memorial should mark the spot 
 where landed these men and women, nay children too, who were 
 so soon to do their part in making every spot in this Niag-ara pen- 
 insula historic, nay holy g^round. Let this monument be a cairn 
 or a building-, a shaft or a tower. Let it tell to all that Canada 
 cheilshes the memory of all that is true and noble, self-sacrificing 
 and"patriotic. From this spot may be seen P'ort Niagara with its 
 meijlories oi La Salle, that man of iron frame and iron will, from 
 
 loved 
 their faith 
 ;n name 
 
 )ride 
 
 ered wealth 
 
 time 
 
TiS^J 
 
 i 
 
 I I 
 
 I i 
 
 1 IP' 
 
 ^ M " 
 
 ]\V 11 
 
 — 28 — 
 
 whose walls has waved twice the Union Jack (each time by cc 
 quest), the Fleur de Lis and the Stars and Stripes. Not far off is t 
 scene of the battle of Fort George, where stood a lighthouse 
 our shores. Here too a century ago arose the spires of two church 
 soon to fall in conflagration, here too were Navy Hall and Kin; 
 wharf and not far off the monument-crowned mountain. WK 
 can you find a spot so fair or so historic ? * 
 
 * It has been suggested that in view of the collection in the rooms of the His; 
 cal Society having now become so large, the memorial take the shape ol a buili 
 with towei attached, the building to be fue-proof, as so many precious historic rt 
 are here gathered It is intended to ask help from the Dominion and Provin 
 Governments, and circulars have been sent out to memters of U. E. families ask 
 advice and assistance. 
 
:k (each time by cc 
 ipes. Not far off is t 
 ood a lighthouse 
 spires of twochurd 
 Navy Hall and Kin; 
 ed mountain. WK 
 
 in ihe rooms of the His; 
 ke ihe shape ol a huili 
 iiany precious historic n 
 ! Dominion and Provir, 
 ;rs of U. E. families asL