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■ ^ National Library Bibliotheque nalionale
■ T- of Canada du Canada
^ Ay j ^,
^yt rS9f
z'
Ente«d «,oordln^ to Act of the Parliament of Canada. In the year Eighteen Hundred and Ninety
by DAVin Fothrbinoham, in the office of the Minister of Agrioultnre.
fff'
r
nr, s^^wf^a^ r^?"* **"? '^^ ""^ Members of the Assembly'B Oommittee
on tsaoDatn Schools only.]
A HAND-BOOK
SABBATH SCHOOL WORK.
{
INTRODUCTORY.
Wise treatment at the beginninK vastly important-Illustration : Plants under culture-under
neglect.-So of ch. dhood.-God's purposes regarding children.-Scripture.-The need of
training f.,r service .n the M ,sion fields. -Training should be well done -Assembly desires
a Hand.Book.-Why the teaching of doctrines is not treated in this Hand-^J
the ^:e'?r^S?m"et'^nVrie^l*^^^^^^^^^^
care/ujir^ill^:;*^ ^^X^.^S^^lS^^$^^^'^^ "
^„. — jj..-.™., „„„„. o.„,>^„. uAMwouio, auu every oci
and possibilities suggest for its highest development. Indue timethe" fruft au
'oTuorresuUr '"" """^ '^''^ °' theUsbandman. Impatient! uusk^iT
ui J^'" fi^*b'« °f nature shows God's plan of development in His Church
children, His tender plants, with almost infinite possfbilities of love and
influences, shall be. studied, sheltered, guided, chastened, nourished; stren
P*1^nntT"i^''"'^ ^""°^ mercy anigood fruits. Without shelter ^
could only develop into »» unsightlv jM||r of the ground. Much m,
Kfa^d SlffiLh t«fctTyto%htlk -• ^ tt'
""'""Lm «;■ vour T/ei"and-'l'„ok^4 '^T. '>v4" ^^^ id^LonitrroVthe Lo?d!"
1.000.Kte/iru'r t^rittrn t'letilMs^^srd*^^^^^^^^ H^- "^T
res^nsibihty? The surest and swZs way we ;orny belirvl would hltrfH"pK**^ ^^^ ^Al^^^
to turn the full tide of her life and love and laCr on Lt lining of her^H^^^^^
and service of Him who makes us our brother's keener Then wonlrl tjL rJi^ /• the knowledge
• draw near. For, would not her children, consecrated to and accrDtedhvRi^- ''•'"?" °^ ""' ^°'^^
for Him in the home, watched over and train^ by heHrschool ^.^ <.nn^S^ f ° '"^"""y- "'"•tured
in perfection and
hands could secure
He intends that her
vice, under gracious
iened, developed into
cultivation the plant
^ child neglected and
lotion. But it is not
^sh. He has given
The promise is unto
day shall be in thine
Sttle children to come
■\p
2
of thVSm' ullo'prt *: f hY„^t1J'U?H*"r"°"^^ "'■ *"•« ,^™Myt^^^^^^ to limit the duty
and instruoHon-to tEe ontwlrd Ind m«^h!nT . '11''"1P"?'"pJ*'' "^ ^"^^"^^ School management
work, towaXthe fuXrare of wh.Vh th«v aJ''*^" ••"t" '" '"'f ""'■''' '"«' "?*""»»! ""Pect of the
subordinate It BeemeA therefore no nar^n^f^ only matruments, and in true importance always
THE SABBATH SCHOOL.
^*"'* ''in"^otf^f "o^^"!"" ""* '" every congregation. -How workers are called and improved
in etticiency.— Objections answered.
desiS^^K^per:KiM^^^ be fu„y „„der her control. Its
vice of God. Its organi^ation, mffls and wo k shoSld be suited t^'fC *he/n"wledge and ser-
those who come under its influence, and to^hrclaims of the Chuch upon them ""'^ "'^^''''' "^
if it ^-rtTs^cro^frth'riLSt^nlfd!;^^^^^^^^^^^ t'^^ .maj^':^^pecially the children,
all disciples are called. It is^ thfrS an instrnctt^n ^f' fh„ aI'^"' u*,'''"""!^ '° *^« ««'^'°« »" ^hich
aries that they nse all m,.^^^ ^''^^l^LTTl^-^J^^iZ'^^^ =fTt ^erf Sy
and the little skill greater skill In r!fH?i^ love the little strength more strength
hand and grea\er^f'n'glTh:''lL8e"^^^^^^^ '^' every ch.ld of His do the work laid to^his
after^g"rUt"kmaTd7owrml?brg'raS """' '"' ""P^"^*"^' -*> "^ -"-^ ^e-nings
and it shall be given him. Ever
1. If any of you lack wisdom let him ask of God
seek from Him.
2. Study the Word. It is the Sword of the Spirit.
4 If noonttr.!S''''T'""»'.^"'''P,'''^y«'''«'"'ly' and conference.
If in new and re;
let their circumstan
mittee, and no dou'
gladly respond.
Nor is it neooL.
skilful worker. God',
even a reason for find:,
to sweeten toil, lighten
schools in older and better-off neighbothoodrS o,S th'e irabuLd^n^e
pe, and brmg heaven and ,ts lun^ess down to earth and its distraoS
ttitt*^"u«i;:r:Sir^^^^^^^^^^
certain
^}^^'^'e?J^'r,^^^^^^ regulations for accomplishing
clearryVh-eiXt-o^^^a^hintdt^i— ^^^^^ constitution which shall define
shoJS ^ tlif ^ :^in^«5^!{l%#=^^-e.earl, defined. It
department. ^' ''"'««"'«»t"'n. work, methods and means of efflcfency in each
and ^%7othTSa^"ftery^a^^^^^^^^^^
me„I^^s^rttt;r.?^^^^^^^^^^ of «.« .chool. all of whom should bo
It should have power, Rubjeot t^the aDDrovll of X'4''' "•* '****' " '^« Presbyterian Church.
vaoancie. occur, to Sefine their duties, an^tocarrvon^^^^^^ !?u'*?' officers annually, or when
The supe, intendent, subject to the au .rovalo? ?h« ^«. f'' ""^ business of the schoofgenerally.
should have power to appoint, transfer and remove f«li'*°", ""-1 '"consultation with tEe pastor,
the general exercises, call meetinss? presWe etc *""''""■''■ "'"""fy »"'' Promote scholars, o^uot
ducted Sli;!CrtIin"e^tUrtuttf ;« t'^l'^^f "^"""^.f "« ^^^^ '» -"—
special cases. "mi-ion wm ue found appended. This may be modified to meet
r/^'^sll^'-^^'p^.Tn^^^^ -^U't-tion. are :-A Su^inte,ulene.
librarian. f ««».(/ tremMti and an ^m«ton<, a PrecetUar, an Orpanw* and a
fJOVEKNMENT.
"^'^^ '^Zst^SluretLCh 'sT- 7^''*''' ""-^ indirect-^Which should be adopted.-
mentsofgovrmJ^t-S^^^^^
eactics.-L„„:;::tio;^"CpL^^^^^^^^^^
scrib^dt/rcr„Ttution.'"Z«othrL^Tt iT^ successfully the course of action pre-
of laws adopted bv an a-s.-ciati-.^for the Attainment of 8Decifir/„T'">r*-" °f. ''"^ '"^'
details of cooperation, the means and efforts to bp^,««Ii„ Tt )5° ^it^' ^* '"eludes attention to the
or removal of hindrances. " *" '" '^aching these ends, and also the avoidance
moTemlnts and m" tfves of ?he governed •" dilec^t ""hv liv'ir?""' 1 "''^"^''^i^ through the operations,
enforcing the same. Much of the gover'nmeiit of a sffifh"^^ '"I'^l'^'^^ C"'"' """^ P«°''l«e8 and
through comfortable, convenient and attractive aroommW ^^'l?} 'h'-uld U carried on indirectly
and limit of work; through regular pS and enT^if"". = '»>'-°"eh wise grading, classification
one exercise to another ; through an elcieit staff .fnTl '"'> 1'"'*^ movements in changing from
^nd ?aivr ik\"*gre?^'^L?.r;t.r XThiYT "^ *•>««? \ '^"^ - «-'"« '"-
Superintendent. If possible, therefore a mln of I.UmTi ' j^'^^ P'*?^ ™"8' ^^^ assigned to the
geti- and reliable leader, an enthSttc fndr/at iaMi t^'*.-''''^"^ character, a firm, ener-
supi, intendent. ""lusiasiic, indetatigable, infectious worker should be chosen for
reverlfd^epoHL'^rbTthlcKTh'^^^^^^ ?o important are order and a
good measure command these Disorder fndirrev/rTnl ''*"' "^^^^ be appointed, who cannot in
work. i^isoruer and irreverence gnaw the very vitals of Sabbath School
ness and point to the services and work """"™' ''"' "> ''etail. varied occasionaUy to give fresh-
prec|™n'aX™rp"tSr„ 'tTerni'l'^n^otrnt ZTe tl^ff ''"'^^^'' ^ -"-"'^y.
^pTrSe^'nVS'J&ty'^''-^^''-'^^ '
ncss ofthr'l^:c"'rme™h.g°* " "''""^ '""'""•"'^ ''^ **■« healthfulness, conven
gove^mertherta l^e inX":^irTtTci^isM'''''^"'^nr,' ^ -'
to efficiency niu.st, be removed" and robeUilS f » fi«l *"'' fa'thfulness.
It is l,etter. after due warning to rem,tiML^^K ' appearance must be ,
plague-smitten. »'arning.joMmj^|||^elliouB than that the wh.
iture or exercise to
lould have its own
loe and attractive-
id penalties. Our
recognized obstacles
down unhesitatingly.
camp be troubled or
CLASS GOViiH|flKNT.
The Commande7-ms staff. -Separate and definite a«lk„ritv -What thlw„h . • •
upon.- What he should do to gain authority. -IndTreSiethTdsLott^JTs^ur"^* '"'"'
a.e l!^ ^{^'S lpll^t\::^rrll::^^Z'i:'Zr^^^^ -d o«icers
authtit;rmi«trv*ere"pec«"lt!fa!;ji;e\tt^ude^rf^.r "•''"rf"' '^^bedience to his
wandering eye. the vacant look the list ess attitude tn Lt ^°.'i°° during the school sesH-on. The
disorder, must not be tolerated! C„ he S rests the r?.n"o "^-^^J^^P/ ""^ ""'er gros!
barriers to good work are permitted from week to wJt » . responsibility if such insuperable
Christian manliness apd sa^tified cSmml!^ T-n" ^".-"^-n .?«4«f, 'n'»«tery of self and of lessons,
-1 =.a 1„„ g„,n ttuu hold sway or the opportunity ii loet!
1 * ^ 8l".If"'l.'**<'*»8r will seldom call in the authority of the 8ui)erintendent to Hupplement his own,
but he will tind occasion to meet his pupils in their homeH and elsewhere; will follow them by
oorrespondence and with constant interest and sympathy till they have learned that he is their true
trlenrt to whom they can and will yield loving and constant submiHsion.
• A -a '"'"'' """cessf"! Kovernment of a class is secured throuRh indirect and to the scholars unreal-
ized inHuences. Youn(f people respect one who io perfect master of his subject and himself. They
are earned away by one who is wisely enthusiastic. They cease to be indifferent under one who is
wholly devoted to his work and his scholars.
• u^ skilful teacher does not demand order and seldom if ever makes a threat, but he never falters
in his cheerful determination to have order and to do all be has promised. He gives his pupils no
time to get into disorder, and wisely awakens ambition to excel other classes in conduct and work.
CLASSIFICATION.
A division of work and workers,— Five grades.— Adult classes should be training classes.— Who
should be in one class.— Promotions.— Wise. -ITnwise.- Who should promote.— Is dismissal
ever necessary ?
Classification is such a division of work and workers as secures efficiency and economy of effort
and of moans with the fullest results. Much is often lost through bad grading and classification,
m most schools there should be five grades :
I.
II.
III.
IV.
The Primary or Infant, composed of children who are unable to read.
The Junior, composed of scholars able to read and study to a limited extent.
The Intermediate, classes composed of those who have, fair ability to work.
The Senior or Youth's Bible Classes, composed of scholars able to study doctrines with
proofs in addition to the work of lower (,'radee.
V. Tlie Adult, in which Divine Truth in its wider scope, with Church History and Polity
and the general principles of Biblical Interpretation should be made subjects ol' study!
Adult classes should in good measure be training classes from which regular and substitute
teachers could be drawn as required. ""i.wi,ui,c
Changes in classification should be made only at regular intervals. Promotions from the nri-
mary to the junior grade may be necessary half-yearly or even quarterly ; but from grades higher
beTende^d ™fficuir* P'"*""*'""* should be sufficient. Otherwise exact and full reporting will
Scholars of nearly the same age, capacity, character and attainments, should have similar work
assigned under teachers most competent in such work. To this there may be necessary exceptions
Where a teacher and his scholars have made marked progress and cooperate cordially, it would
be well at suitable times to promote together to a higher grade.
Proniotions on any fictitious grounds, not on real merit, will result 'n evil.
leachers who, after full opportunity, fail to awaken to a reasonable extent the sympathy and
and^I?;i?fnl'lv '•'^''. '«=''°''''«' "^ ^'^'^ are frequently late or absent, should be dealt w^th' privately
o?her dafs^"^; w^rk-if "nofr^move!'' '"" *''^'' "P^"'^' *'* -P«"°*-dent should trLsfer t^
\ WORK.
The law and examp^Kf woik.-Work in the Sabbath School.-Why so little is accomplished in
8ome.-8cri^ural guidance as to work, etc.-Who can teach successfully. -Cooperation
between hoii|and church.— How to reach the true end of life.— A travesty of the Sabbath
School.-Pro%tiou of time given to secular and sacred studies.— The Catechism. -Training
in reverent wdfchip— in Christian endeavour.
animYl°kiJXm'"^ThJS»^'*'*f ''°'J/P^^^P??«"yiiifc°'al «nd spiritual as well as in the
This principle should extend to the i^bath School. If tffe oificers and teachers work, so should
tL%'ch±r^'-hul^^M«^rn''''''«''T'*'' "''^^ ^*" ^^"^ ''" ^""7. i»>^W°»' noJhil^gFs exited of
are at li/t ?ndifflr«n^^„r"° ^T% '"''^^h •><> .""smorwint?. When such scholars do att^ they
true lewniig '"" '•^'^^'''"^ '" '*'** «elf.aotivity which is an essential factor in
Until parents and chUdren realize that home work and preparation for Sabbath School are aa
Xo'ir^llirSlTn^r'"''"" '^^ ^^"""^ -^-^ - -»«««. ^^^ ^-^ ^comSeTL^s^ct
„ . ^,iT ^^ytt f™™ *••« °l?:°y 'n God's Word dealing wifh the training of the young will lead
us to understand the work, methods workers and objects of the Sabbath School : "And thew, words
which I command thee this day shall be in thine heart ; and thou shall teach them dilLntly to thv
°i n if" »K^ ''""'^ him that he will command his children and his household after him, and thev
shall keep the way of the Lord to do justice and judgment." " Ye fathers provoke no? y* ur chi^
r
th
or
ha
CI
ha
sh
wi
H
dii
CI
oul
5
3^* rau<,«-" Hi. children .ndhiH household."
.„™ u:__ .. ".•halt teach. From the^context we underhand that thU method wm Inter-
that d^vin^f '»K u .1 /"<:ce»8fullv it shoul. be "
mai aiVme truths ahall U^ t~.w.l.i. ;_ n. > ...
impera^WeS^of'chrUtUn'pa?in4" Ind to'j," T**'^ ""■" °' ""» '"«''-' P"vile«es and mont
neglected duty neKlected i;! th". u^ns^kabTe o'^of a'illn'irir "^ T^i K «'*"'" t,, ?hi. o t
.mThV^"' ? »"''j^""hip to school study and worshp we mav look f^rl^ *•?"" ''""""holds go from
Whe*n btful'i'i^i'lfo^r '^"^^y r «'"ecl1„;^:ur^*nlTtVop7r'' '"'>'"««""«" ""d ^'^«'nsr
^^/t^f^^^^^ |n the h^oL of God. our youth learn to
judgment, the vain, fevered strugfle after Hohe/andfa,„f l^n ^ "'. "'«.H'*' A° ^^ J""""* "nd
God in holiness and righteousness to InftVn,.! j ■ "^'^^ P'*"* ♦» the b essed servinir of
, . The school ihould exSailypreWatK^ to universal peace and good will
vision. The hurried memorizing or«omrDas,,ifitrth.f" *''* ""T" jnd "nder its loving super!
mockery, a travesty on the trul study anSw^b nf f^. ? T »' 'ohool is nothing short of a
oo5perateincarefurinstruotio"^t^them\"a„irof th/l«^^^^^^ F"-?""^ *"'* """'hers should
r^p^wftaSte^^^^^^^^
^""'^hiretrn?:r;gter«
secular knowledge iHoTZtwitbUUmrs^^^^^^^ ^'Z ^'^ *" l^'n hours a day devoted to
^oool''^i^\t/u1^li^TZ\t^.l^^^^^^^^ -» he mighty in the Scriptures and able
the y^oSnTtrhirts'orre^^et^^ttTl^rr^^^^^ '" 'hat "' '•'"'°'^'?^ ^ J™'"' » '"« '-'-^ «"
fcloTst^i^H""'^-'^*""^^^^^^^^ ""' congregation. Ind
terf an^^L'k-JS'-^*"-"- ^•^'--- -^-^^ ^^"t. -uWngn^-ruiU-lnTMl^^^^^^
SYSTEMATIC GIVING.
Christ's commendation^- His ordination.-His command.-The highest incen
as bmdmgasduty of praying.-Bhssing of liberality. -Curse of
young should be educated to give-True faith and love will have
w I " «■:•'•.- When they have, the blessing increased.-When t
Weekly ofiFerings how they Jgfcfcestablished. -Scheme, and
the.chool.-B.rt hdajrjger ij|pJW!i^.,ur school, did in 1888,
^^-The chief rea8o.|pilii,|^ the y^^Ng^ristian giving.
Ive.— Duty of giving
"iholding.— Why the
lit..— Children have
will delight to give.—
dons frequently before
it they might soon do.
there^^n'b^n'^orbnLuvty^Kw^^^^^^^ f"' ^V'Wl ""» '^'^'P'" --ic.
ordinances and the extension of ffirt.'ig'om mwU wTtl^Si^n^vi}^'''^ l"^ °' Go'E?'
has •• ordained that they which nrea^h tUn<^.!S .i.'! .'/i ?1* •5Pl''7?.V""^.'''^°«f« ««• blefc.ing. fie
hast, and give to the p^or. and Jhou. halt have t««^^^^^ '""'.'-" *•>•* »»>«»
shin is to be supported His kingdorextSnd^d anTIh. p^? wH^ved 'fc^l *>'* God's wor-
with us, and when we think of the eraee of m.r T nr^ T-.7, fnT- f*"*""?- Thew claims are always
His poverty might be rich, and rem^XrXte^n^"^^^^^
out of their abund.n.-. „r .-.-.t -f U.ir leepSy'!°Vr„*'dW-"«^t^
Word ami no richer reward in utTered th*n to thoae who from love of Him seek to relieve Hie
■iifTerinK onea.
(iivinK >e a duty, a privil^xe, ao act of wonthip that all HhoiiKI render according aa they have
been proitpered. It ia a aervice the rendering of which brings enlart;ement of meana aa well aa of
aoul ; and the withholdinK of which tenda only to poverty of soul and poverty of piirne. Uod'a
liberality to ui n conditioned upon our liberality towards Him in material and spiritual service.
" Will a man rob Qod ? Yet ye have robbed Me. ... In tithes and offerings."
How fitful, how fickle, how grudging the giving of many is, Uod knows. Ue it ours to instruct
the young in the principles and practice of giving to the Lord regularly, systematically, cheerfully,
liberally, that there may be meat in Mis house, that there may be gladness an<l singleness of heart,
and that He may open the windows of heaven and po\ir out blessingn upon their liberated and liberal
aoula that there shall not be room enough to receive it.
When children are taught to pray and praise as an act of worship, they should be taught that
giving Ih nn act of worship equally acceptable and well pleasing in God's sight. When they are
taught til I without praying they cannot expect HIh blesuing, they should be taught that without
giving to the Lord they cannot expect His richest blessing. They should be taught that real fnith
and love must show themselves in appropriate and real services and sacrifices. A soul always askjng
and making no return for benefits received must be selfishly confined ; while the liberal soul asking
that it may have to give and serve is made fat.
It is true that most children have little of their own to lay upon the Lord's altar. But Ood will
accept his own from the iiarents through their children, and will bless both when offered by them
" in uprightness of heart.
Whun children are able to earn, and by self-denial save what is their own, there will come in
the giving of it to the Lord a heightened pleasure and a fuller blessing.
When their hearts are consecrated and liberal their ingenuity and perseverance in providing
offerings for their loved Saviour will require little other stimulus than the consciousness that his
words " It is more blessed to give than to receive," are verified in their happy experience.
In harmony with these views the Assembly recommends a simple system of wbrkly orFERiNU!!
to the Schemes of the Church in all our schools. In the authorized class-books a space for entering
auch offering is provided. Where these books are not yet in use a simple weekly offering card may
be used with excellent results. Such a card should have the name of the school and space for the
number of the class for a heading. Horizontally it should be ruled with spaces for the teacher's and
scholars' names and the weekly total. Perpendicularly there should be spaces for five Sahbaths in
each of the three montlis of a quarter and one for the total. Some scliolar of the class may be
entrusted with the duty of collecting and entering the effermgs of each scholar. During the session
the treasurer collects and gives the total to the superintendent who at the close announces the
aflaount offered for the day.
In addition to the interest awakened and sustained in this way, it is recommended that special
attention be called once a month to one or other of the Schemes of the Church, to mission fields and
work, and to the victories and hindrances of the Gospel.
A Sabbath School library, well supplied with biographies of missionaries and works on missions,
will be a further means of education in the claims of the Lord's work.
A Birtliday Offering Box. into which all connected with the school should be invited to drop at
least one cent for each year of their aga on their birthday, would help to educate to a grateful recog-
nition of a watchful providence guarding and blessing our lives.
During 1888, the schools of the Church raised for all purposes the sum of $05,560. Out of this,
$23,143 were expended in supporting the school themselves ; 925,321 on missions ; and $14,093 on
other objects. Had'all congregations borne the expenses of their schools, as recommended by the
Assembly, and all thor contributions been given to the Schemes of the CImrch, her funds would
have been increased bj 837, 236, — enough to nave supported 30 missionaries in the foreign field for
one year. >r
Had the 132,208 ^scholars and the 14,850 oiticrs and teachers enrolled that year given on an
average one cent a Sabbath to the schemes, the amount would have been over 975,001), Not a few
schools, with no Bya< .
system some ure doul
would be little difficult
schools of our Church.
Imi>ortant, howevi
childhood and youth ioj
the principal advanta
and fruitfulness of all
but the open collection, average that amount. With a weekly offering
^ng that average, giving over one dollar a year for all enrolled, and there
In raising the average to three cents, or more than $226,000 a year from the
as the amount that could
le principles and ,
[of early training in
years.
seem, the training given during
far mure important, just as
' is realized in th$ maturity
^^^^^^^^ftc,..
HEGISTRATION.
Exact and reliable accounts essential in business.— Full records important in Sabbath School work.—
Deolice in ambition and effort.— Exact information to be used to stimulate the school.-
Parents. — Objection answered. —A means of home and school cooperation. — Full registration
and reporting needed for the courts of the Church. — How reporting may be made more
satisfactory. — Motto cards.— Registrailcn labour well spent.
An exact, reliable and exhaustive statement of resources, of income, expenditure, gains and
losses is necessary to the efficient working of any enterprise. Business men know the value of a
thoroQgh system of book-keeping. It is the key to the situation.
"^•■^
Of very great iiiii><>rUnae in it to Icnuw the exaot onndition of a •ohnol anil of every ilepartment
and olaM in it. By a ju Jioiou* uoe of itatiatioi from we*k t.i wre^lc ami frc n iin»rt*r to iiiiirter, the
attendance, work, giving and spirit of a »ohool may be improved in a inirlted deKreo. The grade or
oImis •ven the individual moit negligent of duty, may be ascertained and <[uiclcened.
Where facte are not known and used in this way a gclioul muat einic iu ambition, work an>l
"PT'tj while a full reoognition of effort and merit ii a great stimului ti higher merit ami effort,
1 hough the luperintendont and oHioeri have anil use such uxact informatlim in and for the good
of the school it should not stop here. Parents should be put in pussesiiim of exact infcrmatioa
respecting the condition of the whoie school, but espaoially respecting their own children -their
attendance, deportment, work, giving, etc. ,
Let no one object that this would be bringing our schools to the level of secular schools. If the
work of secular schools is more etBoiently oarriecfout that is but a eontrait which puts our Sabbath
teaching and work to shame. To adopt means of ettloiency, so long as they have no tendency to
secularize, is highly creditable from whatever source they may be obtained. Hut to inform Christian
P'*r8"'s <« the work and progress of their children in Sabbath school by interviuw or written report,
or both, Is the Christian duty of every teacher ; and raoit parents will weloo.ne such information as
an excellent means of cooperation between the home and the school.
Ill addition to the value of exact and full registration of school statistics in and for the school
2'ui '"*/"*• '^°^ registration ii necessary that I'resbyteries, Synods and Assembly may deal with
sabbath schools as their importance demands. Though careful and exact registration has been
enjoined for years and forms for that purpose have b3»n sent out, the returns have been shamefully
imperfect and vague in not a few oases. Thus, to a large extent, the hands of the Courts have been
tied by the indifference of officers and teachers who failed to keep records as reiiuired by the Church.
Matters are improving— fuller an I more reliable statistics are coming in year by year. But why
every school shimid not keep its records as is obviously best for the school and also for general
purposes seems unaccountable, except on the supposition that the matter has not been made
suffii!iently prominent. Pastors and superintendents should give special attention to reglHtration
tilt It IS perfect.
Let there be a full record of name, age and residence of every scholar. B'or each day record :- -
Attendance at school and church, verses memorized, questions in Catechism memorized, proofs of
doctrine given from memor. and amount of offering. An exact summary of these should be made
and recorded each quarter and announced in the school. Then at the end of the year the secretary
could place full and reliable information in the hands of all to whom he should report.
An excellent incentive to future regularity and good work would be found in the use of a neat
motto card for the coming year, having cm the back a space for the name of the scholar, his attend-
ance, hift verses, questions in Catechism and proofs memorized during the year just closed, and any
other item speciaUy deserving; acknowledgment.
The labour involved in such registration and reporting, though considerable, will be fruitful as a
means of efficiency in every department.
TEACHINt;.
Teachers should study their art. — What teaching is not. -What it is. -What learning is. —No learn-
ing, no teaching. -The most success! ut.-C>mditions of success. — " The approach." -Results
assured by Him who cannot lie. ^
To be successful as teachers we need to have some adeqi ate understai
in teaching ; and with that knowledge we need experienuii in the praci
Sabbath school teachers would do far more successful work were they to r
of teaching' simply to understand some ' the leading principles underly
attempting to do in the dark.
Preaching ia different in method fr' " i teaching. Lecturing or telling i
recitations is not teaching. Following a text book with question and ans'
To teach is so to arouse the faculties of the scholars that they lay
truth presented to them. In the hi^a^cind of learning the learner :
lays hold of it that it becomes a P%flR|PI|M6»t<^l B&d moral equipmei
practice in his lii'e. .rf^^M*^^^^ ^^'I^m^
^«mU this be true, BtricjPPlfWiniig, there ol^[||^^ real teaching where!
'^flallere ia j <a J ww ; tti n fe*tcept through the self'itelffity of the learner.
The mcMt suooeMfin teaoner is, therefore, the one^ho is most skilful i
keeping up the self-activitv of bis loholars.
To be successful in this fullest sense a teacher mast^now clearly the truth he wishes to be
learned. He must know his loholars, their character, capacity and surroundings. He must be
skilful in adopting the best w«y of presenting a truth. And he must know how to arouse a>id
sustain hearty cooperation on the part of his scholars.
Success in teaching depends greatly upon the approach of the teacher to his class and lesson. If
he fail in his approach there is a probability of failure throughout. There should, therefore, be
skilful preparation and watchful ingenuity in the matter of the first word, look, question, attitude,
gesture. AU eyes, ears and minds should, if possible, be arrested and held from the beginning.
Aiming always at the highest standard, and following closely the example, and seeking con-
stantly the presence and promised help of Him who gives the commission, let no teacher despair
even in the hour of greatest disoouri^(ement, " He that goeth forth and weepeth, bearing precious
seed shall doubtleat come again rejoicing, bringing his sheaves with him."
fng of what is involved
of its duties. Many
some book on the art
the work they are
lot teaching. Hearing
ir is not teacliing.
Id of and assimilate the
the truth clearly and so
luid then he reduces it to
lere is nq real learning ;
arousing, directing, and
TKACHEK8' MKETIN08.
KMentl.1 to hJghe.t .fflolenoy. -What .hould b. ,|o„, befor. th. rawtin. -Wh.t .h„„M . u.
.lon.,t the m..tlng.-Wh.t .honld b. don.. -NormiJ woTtl T Hm^T h »? ' ^
th.- n.e.ting. ,r. no Wlur..-Me.ting. in rural .H.trloU. "'••ting. -When
don. by every teacher ami officert orl ?he t^ch r 'TnSet nL" ""TJ^' ?"^^''".:"''' •" thorcghly
ducted .g a Bible Cla... The iKain teaohinVH^f h" le Z .h^;,,i,ni l" 'i''""';' th. meeting he con-
di«c.UH.d rapidly. With the special conditi"n of the ,X«I r » ''"^"'T''' »"'' '"' '"«=ultl.. .
stances, dearly In view, let the be.t method of ?.r».-nH^„ »k' T ' """' "'"'«». <" «l>ecial circum-
with apt illuitration. ..lltahl. ^r tl eT.riou. JrLr. and ol-^-"*')"^"' "' "r" """""- "' ""• '•""'°'
fre. interchange of thought and .xperFence b r«ard to Ttmli t^M*'' "''""• ^,^V' «*>""''' ^i
.cholargat«chool, Intheirh.miee, oreUewher. 8^oW L« rX' inf^"?*' Pf'r"t' ''•»""« *-'*»>
the subject of conversation and preyer ^ "' '"'"*■' '"■ difficulty should form
making ri'e Xould" &„" 'fc .r?' h^.^ fMi^v'tn'S '"''T'' .?? '-»"'"■» •"" 'P^ch-
ne»s, cordiality and ch»rity, shoSli characterize t^mlLin'' /"""it' Christian sincerity, ^^nk-
the st,ff be so knit together, become of one heart*"anTm?„d': Hbe Jo ^l&'trc'.^.Tnlll.'i
.venl^gXTtniHolrv^olTeTliKtlrt^nZ:^^^^^^^^^^^ '•»'=!'-' T!."l{' -" ^ »■•"< "> -
and methods of itudy and teaching P.^«lll? I? i • ''' ''"<:""""" «nd drill^ on the prinai plea
f";died chapter by ch'i.p^eraa^timr.nd drc mstanc^ j"Xd'"Tor.m,^h'? "=T,''' ''.V P^'""'' "d
but a little of such work wouul und.uibtfdly Improve and .trpn,,*;!^ T"^ ^'T'I' ","' ^* »t<*>npted,
The business matters of a school shoiil 1 n!,v«, vl „„ '"enBthen those who took part in it.
teachers- meeting is damaging to' the one'^^d ;ork^wrch'shoulj;'Lt'^^"''^'Jl''f" '"'1'"'""^ '»
that as far as possible the last meeting of each Wertake the rh»r„?'' ' .""'u' '? "^"""nended
one. A small committee should Le auth<)rL«l to S with .j!iali •*'"'' "' * •'""'ness and social
As a rule the most convenient time for the teacheivle&wr^
prayer meeting. Some pastors, at this deal in a t.rA.XJf!^ i . • ""? •='""" "( ^'"» reaniu weekly
coining .Sabbath. This awakeis interest and svmnathv .""'^/•"'"t'onal way with the less, .n of the
School; and helns to expedite the work 'f ?he meS It I^. ." """"ilK^t on toward the Sabbath
exercises shoulrf give place to nothing ThereTs no fear of ffc Jhe devotional portion of the
present can .ay. "Lord, it is good foPus to be h "re " meetings when those
evenTher^'iThSinr'ttl^L^^^^^^ «"«-'» '»■« '» towns and villages ; yet
with great advantage. worKerg fully »i,ve to their importance, have been and are carried on
ACCOMMODATION.
In **-«^i''^-^^-'v-<»K^^^ ..«arkable.-Accommodation may be m.xli«.d
separate sch^vJr-U^^^^^^ "*' m<^ifled.-8ugge.tion, for building
tagesof soh„ol.ilee;er!r-'rpra:d1^^^^^^^^^^^
Most Sabbath .^
usually quite unsuitab
work succesaful in spit-
same room, and other d»
tioni of teachen enccei
overcome the effects of i.
Since the great mak
those who have it in th«
not be put to inoonvenl
drancei.
It ie recommended I
Tub hindrances. ^MBBIL v»luable one of skill to
ity of our schools mu^tfa^lB^^^^j«i^^_i. u
Jpower to so modify (■iKSn«r»I!.«IHK'i**lJ'* """'" "'K* "P""
Fee the Sabhaf K H/.1,-BCv t""»*?*"" •"■WBil* the congregational]
pee. ine sabbath Sdh jrm»y be earried-on nndm^imkm^H aSiw
the .eatiDg'an"d";«n;rfng"of clatses"*' 8«tf^mfJSlM *"/ *TH^' '"""l*' consideration be given to
uncomfortable for .« and less ;» f^chittl^'tou'ld*'b^ »''''" ^""•^noJb^
the centre of every alternate seat. The spwe at one <^ »^"*»- "^ /it.''*''' .' '•'•"ibie chair in
nished that on Sabbath the seating coulfbe changed to .^.it'^-' •"V'f P"'£ t ."night be so fur-
with inexpensive curtains to shut in the class while at class wnU J"'{1"* "^l'*''*' "'»'•• Then,
great importance to keep the air of the church n,,r«.„^.i."/''' """"'' """'d be gained. It ii o^
exist it should not be difecult by .lidiM door. „r n^w.f ^. *•" temperature even. Where galleries
the gallery into olsH room™ ^ * ^'""" *" "'"*•'"« *° «»'»''•'» both the space, over ani nSder
heattt^^^^^^^^^^ -oh attention should be given to the lighting.
9
tl^..Vo'l«i.wrk^t^J? !rn.r ^.1,^^'^*" ...anv «!««.. an p.lbl. .hall b., U,|ateU .luri„K th«
whole, „h«..H„t|...,,yij^^,,„„Utl.,«afyi„^
of the ??'l'''!'h«*V,r;yiir/.^l:.^*l'\':«'':?;''»;,«''''«'.V. having the.u,«,rintend.nf.
iI.mU — '.'i"''"'**. ° |....i-..ii.iiri.i,r., Miyie, Willi Heiiiiciroiilar tti
cl. 8k a- the centre, woul.l make 4uch an arranKen...nt practicable
....1 »tii'm7::i^'\t:^:n^^^^^ "- "'• ^'f t a„d lea. Youth.
not Intercept the virion of the m re r"n ?e J ,n or and fnVrl,e.luL^7 '^'' the nearer »ho«ld
central space of the room J'inior ana intermediate clagieii would occupy the
APPENDICES.
PRKSUYTKKIAX
CONSTITUTION AND REGULATIONS OF THE
CHURCH SABBATH SCHOOL.
I.
The name of thin Hohool nhall be Thk Phkhhytkuiak r^..^^^ a .
rBKHBi TKHIAN CHUKOH SabJIATH SoHOOL.
II.
It Hhttll be under the control of the Session of the i> i » • ^ .
as a branch of its congreKation and work. I'resbytenan C<.ngreB»tion
III.
1. There shall be an Association called Thr nn-^nb
Association and it shall be composed of all holding office as follows j-*^" *^'"''*'*"' ^' '^•
An Honorary Superintendent,
Superintendent,
Assistant Superintendent,
Secretary,
Assistant Secretary,
Tref^Bpn
.AHuflHat FH^urer,
Assistant Llbr_.,_
Absentee Officer oT^tlicere,
Precentor, Organilit.'^S.
Recruiting Omcer or Ofl^aii,
'I'eachers, "%
Alternate or Subgtitate TeaohW's.
2. This Association shall administer the affairs of the Bphnol i,Ai.o«iu, .. J ^l , .
other sections of this constitution. «euerally under the limitations of
^:Sk:^z^'::^i^:;s'^^^--^' -^^ -"•«-»-. -TZ: r?he";:aSi"o(.tf
soci J^hr^'?:;^?t?f .tlLS t^:lJ^^r .rl'Ss!*- -«' -^ ^^ »' • •>«-- or
10
.jiBpo^ed!!?'lrSel*;«&ter 'AuHito«"lt''^-^'"'^' *.* -}''<^h rep„rt« nhaU be received and
4 lYl offiL^"""''' M^^'i"? --t »n earlier dateTD;oembe. ' ''' '='""P«t«°' ">■■ the AsHocia-
and skall hold'offiie'tfirihe^rHt^e^rrf a1:e'r™ ^^'^'r'''"^f^^ '''' ''PP''i"'«1 -nually, by ballot
by the Session. But any vacancrmay C fiUed at anv""" ""f • ^^t ''PI?'»ntment ha« been'diL lowecl
previous meeting or at tl,e nex^pre^^in^ reSlf.efsi^o? tb^'^iKrlr«''f H^«" ^'^'^ "' 'he nex?
5. Any other business necessary fn Vh» tfRlf; '^^'^'*' " ™ '"e Habbath School,
annual meeting. "ecessa.y to the efficiency of the School may also bo transacted at the
TV.
A.lult'^an1?fe^:Sl::trg":tll'£e"IL'S'';rf"'l• ^-f-f^^- 'T-^' In'-nediate, Senior and
snperintendejitmayconHiderTudicrous - ^ class.ficatmn subject to such modification as the
•l' The' feeta eTaTi„d*ta7'J^^^ r" f" ^' l^r, "' "^ '""'*-' -'-*• "
4 iD.the Senior there ma^e Boy " an fp^^^^^^^^ ^ '»> reasonable facility,
shall be given in the doctrines of the B^ble tV tenets of Tri '" 7^^^ '"^''^ ""''^^^ instruction
the other departments. ' '''* "^^""^ "' <■"« Church than should be attempted in
studLuol.ttd ixt:ni^''' '" '"^'''"''" '" «""- --'^. C'urch history, doctrine and polity may be
discr'etil'iS^t":r<:i!:tX,f^\^T^^^^ "^ .for each department at the
ssolr" '' ^""-'^" 'y ^ -*« "^ «- ^"'oo"f ^ f tt*''^rf/eSa'*rh:i°abUtr«
V.
Officers and their duties :
1. The Honorary Superintendent shall be the Pastor of the Church
3. The Superinten.lent sludl be a men.ber of the Congregation
.ece!rsL?:^5tre'S! It.^^^e cLs'^/SL^r'"'^ ''"'^ '° -«'^'" *"- ^•--. -^ '--fer when
govi'L^ntlf ihi' ScS.''^""" ""'' '"^ Association, control the organization, classification and ■
tutes i
il"Vom'" r.n^^'Jtrwtnt ':t '^"' '=""'"'=' ''« ««""''' "«~ - P-o". or by substi-
the School in his jud^^Jent requi I suSr H:rav 11^.^^^^^^^
announcmg a same ti.ne tl,c pur'pose f<.r whidfthTLid ?neelgTsTalle"d"''"^" "' ''"' ^---"on.
per„i{LntfJttft^;'•^:^^;irXt^7,,^^^^^^ :^',Z:if''''^'^'' ^-'^^e steps to have his p,ace
W He shall give tiiWy notice of prospective absence to Assistant Superintendent.
duty of^rrsiftrf;s --t ": ttch^er^^'-'^'n" ^'''-."•^- ^' ^'-" "« «-
Teac'heSI'd^^l^Vfc Th7n!ace"of''l'{: '"r/ -^^.P-tment shall be called
Presbyterion congr.egatioi
(r) It shall bo the duil <,f Teacliers (n( 1,„fl«»SE.-;.» .. .. ,■ '. '
and when consistent wi^ <.ther dut?e« t 11H**1 '" '**?■"* *•>« "- „ -=
means in their power to render the work of fi^'SjT i '"^^''nifs "f the *T|-niirti— ■ w>il b
This will involve careful preparation fc? ^^'f """^ Association most efSaT^'i ' '
reasonable calls of the A«ociati,m 'and Sn^rii^^^^^^ ''"*'"'• '*'"^ ■•«'"''"««« '" respond to all
It will also mcluds the mfuntenanoe of or^«r ,"„ f k • i
turn of residence, work, contrilmtions, etc , fn thdr classe's in'L? "'*" ''«.''«'-eful teaching, registra-
the Association. ' "'"^"^ classes, in harmony witli the system adopted bv
And it will include timely notice of prospective ahspn.. o«^
5 It -hall be tbp d„tv .f <5 K *•. . °'P*"'^« ^b^ence and arrangements for Substitutes.
■'• 'le ,d^^f.\^^:;rl?i:?l''*.".t!B or Alternate Teachers to attend the sessions of the School
"le^ngregation or of some other
meetings of the Sj
to take the place of ab.,ent teachers, aad o^L^r^isTrt^wtf oTtVefc^^^
di.igfl of the Association at all its meetings ""Hf„l:/i!.''??°'*.''o". ?orrect minutes of th.
meetings of the Association
ciation. to Keep ,„ a suitable ii ^,ute book provided by the Assn^^i^ff ' *" meetings of the Asso-
ceediMgfl of the Association at all its meetings and tn^rwtf? •'""?' ^""■.^'^^ minutes of the pro-
meHiiigs of the Association. "'eecings, and to brmg said minute b( olr duly written up to aU
II
... i.i* 'S:*:ari;;r t;£:'ir ""•"■"" "i- '■""—■ ".« «. a„oi..„,., ,„,„„»
„ I'm". 2ur:: :; rtei"?,s°.i itetr *■ °"'" ■■"»"-• *- — ^■
(i) To prepare and lay before the SuperintemZf A r. ^««'«"*"™. '^^^^ "f expenditures
order »,„.„,. f » J on th, ordo, „( „,, A»oo,.t,oo „, „, ,|„ „,„„, ,u,|„rt.ri |,y „ „
may" i;;°h'r,lr.5*„" "''°'"'' " "■• *■•""■■» "" "».."". VO..CI,.,., I,.„l, booK *.. *„
p™So.":'S.S'„r:.tifreffi^^^^ » ,=« -' "" "~»" ••...no. .,!„ .
his Xen^rdtXS'h^rS "" ^'"*" '^"' '''^ ^^"'-- - »" reponsibilities and work • and in
U lit" '; •"' ""' "' '"'' " '"' -^^ "''^^'' '«■'' "^"-"^ -hen necessary.
be to :'xaT:j;;et'd'XVrtl th^^^SlTf^rS'Lk^r^T" '^'^yj^^' -hose duty it shaM
income and expenditure of th9_Scho3||||||^iitio "''"• «""'»nt8. vouche^etc., connectWth the
a ™at!rU;offfircS??rSdC„;^^^^ '^^TT' ^^i'"^' "^ «g„l- meetin. hv
members in writing, to the SuSendentZd raThim ^['fh '^'! ha^:ib?en|?ven bfa ."/tw^
at the last preceding regular session of the school ^ '' "'^ '''"' preceding meeting, and also
upon except a. hereinafter provided ^"^ "' *''°'' ^'^"^ ""^ at such hour as may be decided
..t .h noiation. UHlra, the Association change the time of meeUng^ '' '" -^"""*' Meeting
12
PARTrALLIST OF BOOKS HELPFUL FOR REFERENCE OR STUDY TO SABBATH
SCHOOL TEACHERS. »ABBA1H
Trumbull's "Teaching and Teachers." . pi,n^j«i.j t u t^ ™^ .
„ ' , Yale Lectures on "ThVSundaySchooV" .'?'"'* ='^°^"^-^^^^^
J. G. Fitch 8 " Lectures on Teaching." i^ew York . E. ij Kellogg & Co.
Baldwin's " Art of School Management " t x ,„McMillan & Co.
W. H. Groser'e " Young Teacher " t j o j „, "
RC P ; . "l^bba^tllichotlTeacher'sManuai;''--^^^^^^^
K.G. Pardee's " Sabbath School Index" t>i.-i j i i. , „
Frank Beani's " Blaokboard'n the Sabbkth. School " ' ' " " N«w v''l^"*^ '^- P: *^?r'«f"« * ^o.
Dr Craft's " Plain Uses of the BlLkboard and Sl^^^ New York : Excelsior PubUshing House.
J. G. Fitch's " Art of Questi.-.ing " (ParnnhW^' ' ' t j c Ward & Drummond.
;; ;: ;; Art of securing Ifiention."?'''''*-'- • " " ^""^.°" ^ ^"?f'''y School Union.
'Artof Teaching in a S. School".... " .. ., ,.
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