^^ *.,-^,%^. 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (Ml -3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 lii 12.8 
 
 ■ 50 '*^™ 
 
 2.2 
 
 1.8 
 
 
 1.25 
 
 1.4 1.6 
 
 
 ■a 6" 
 
 ► 
 
 V] 
 
 <^ 
 
 /] 
 
 ^<^# 
 
 0% 
 
 
 ^9. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^> 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 /A 
 
 7 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 4 
 
 \ 
 
 V 
 
 <i>^ 
 
 ^\ 
 
 m 
 
 <h 
 
 V 
 
 1> <^ 
 
 o^ 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
i^- 
 
 I 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 Collection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notat tachniques at bibliographiquas 
 
 Tha Inatituta has attamptad to obtain tha baat 
 original copy available for filming. Faaturaa of thia 
 copy which may ba bibliographically unique, 
 which may alter any of the imagea in the 
 reproduction, or which may aignificantly change 
 the usual method of filming, are checked below. 
 
 D 
 
 n 
 
 n 
 
 Coloured covers/ 
 Couverture de couleur 
 
 I I Covers damaged/ 
 
 Couverture endommagia 
 
 Covers restored and/or laminated/ 
 Couverture restaur^ et/ou peiliculAe 
 
 Cover title missing/ 
 
 Le titre de couverture manque 
 
 Coloured maps/ 
 
 Cartes gAographiques en couleur 
 
 Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ 
 Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bieue ou noire) 
 
 I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ 
 
 D 
 
 Planches et/ou illustrations an couleur 
 
 Bound with other material/ 
 RaliA avac d°autres documents 
 
 Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion 
 along interior margin/ 
 
 La reiiure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la 
 distortion le long de la marge intirieure 
 
 Blank leaves added during restoration may 
 appear within the text. Whenever possible, these 
 have been omitted from filming/ 
 II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutAas 
 lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans ie texte, 
 mais, lorsque cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont 
 pas At* filmies. 
 
 Additional comments:/ 
 Commentaires supplAmantaires: 
 
 L'Institut a microfilm* la melileur exemplaire 
 qu'il lui a At* possible de se procurer. Les details 
 da cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du 
 point de vue bibliographiqua, qui peuvent modifier 
 une image raproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une 
 modification dans la mAthode normale de filmage 
 sont indiqute ci-dessous. 
 
 [~~| Coloured pages/ 
 
 D 
 
 Pages de couleur 
 
 Pages damaged/ 
 Pages endom magmas 
 
 Pages restored and/oi 
 
 Pages restauries et/ou pelliculAes 
 
 Pages discolourod, stained or foxe( 
 Pages dAcoiories, tachaties ou piquAes 
 
 Pages detached/ 
 Pages ditachtes 
 
 Showthrough/ 
 Transparence 
 
 Quality of prir 
 
 Quaiit6 in6gaie de i'impression 
 
 Includes supplementary materii 
 ComprenH du material supplAmantaire 
 
 Only edition available/ 
 Seule Edition disponibie 
 
 I I Pages damaged/ 
 
 I — I Pages restored and/or laminated/ 
 
 I — 1 Pages discolourod, stained or foxed/ 
 
 I I Pages detached/ 
 
 I I Showthrough/ 
 
 I I Quality of print varies/ 
 
 I I Includes supplementary material/ 
 
 I — I Only edition available/ 
 
 Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata 
 slips, tissues, etc., have been refiimed to 
 ensure the best possible image/ 
 Las pages totalement ou partieiiement 
 obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure. 
 etc.. ont 4t4 filmAes & nouveau de iagon h 
 obtenir la meilieure image possible. 
 
 This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ 
 
 Ce document est film* au taux de reduction indiquA ci-dessous. 
 
 10X 14X 18X 22X 
 
 26X 
 
 30X 
 
 ^^^ ^^HM ^■■■Hi ■■HHH H^^^ ^HHHH ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ H^^HH IH^^HI I^HHa 
 
 12X 
 
 16X 
 
 29X 
 
 24X 
 
 28X 
 
 32X 
 
Th« copy ffilmod h«r« hat b««n reproduced thanks 
 to tha o«naroaity of: 
 
 Library Division 
 
 Provincial Archives of British Columbia 
 
 L'axampiaira film* fut roproduit grica i la 
 ginirotit* da: 
 
 Library Division 
 
 Provincial Archives of British Columbia 
 
 Tha imagaa appearing hara ara tha bast quality 
 posaibia considering the condition and legibility 
 of the original copy and in keeping with the 
 filming contract specifications. 
 
 Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed 
 beginning with the front cover and ending on 
 the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, or the back cover when eppropriate. All 
 other original copies are filmed beginning on the 
 first page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, and ending on the last page with a printed 
 or illustrated impression. 
 
 The last recorded frame on each microfiche 
 shall contain the symbol — »> (meaning "CON- 
 TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), 
 whichever applies. 
 
 Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at 
 different reduction ratios. Those too large to be 
 entirely included in one exposure are filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames as 
 required. The following diagrams illustrate the 
 method: 
 
 Lea images suivantea ont At* reproduites avac la 
 plus grand soin, compta tenu de la condition at 
 da la nettet* de rexemplaira film*, et en 
 conformity avac las conditions du contrat da 
 filmaga. 
 
 Les exemplaires originaux dont la couvarture en 
 papier est ImprimAe sont fiimis en commen^ant 
 par la premier plat at An terminant soit par la 
 darnlAre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impressicr. ou d'illustration. soit par la second 
 plat, salon la cas. Tous las autrea exemplaires 
 originaux sont filmis en commen9ant par la 
 pramiAre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par 
 la dernidre page qui comporte une telle 
 empreinte. 
 
 Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la 
 derniire image de cheque microfiche, selon le 
 cas: le symbols — »> signifie "A SUIVRE". ie 
 symbols V signifie "FIN". 
 
 Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre 
 filmAs A des taux de reduction diff*rents. 
 Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre 
 reproduit en un seul clichi, il est film* * partir 
 de I'angie sup*rieur gauche, de gauche * droite. 
 et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre 
 d'imagas n*cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants 
 illustrent la m*thode. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
»aiTATB. 
 
 est: 
 
 RE 
 
 (GENl 
 
 1. I 
 last ai 
 left Li 
 Gait " 
 advise 
 affairs 
 tered 
 Indiai 
 
 2. ] 
 SirJc 
 but 01 
 to hi 
 Honoi 
 Victo: 
 them 
 to ass 
 were 
 after 
 expre 
 adver 
 our B< 
 
 8. 
 confe 
 and t 
 Colui 
 copie 
 —he) 
 
*aiTATB.--J?W' the ut0 qfthe Committee, 
 
 UUri 
 
 C^^^fSf^xt^ ^mwmxisi (J^wretg 
 
 :^ 
 
 EEPOfiT OF THE DEPUTATION TO 
 METLAKATLA 
 
 (GENERAL TOUCH AND THE REV. W. R. BLACKETT). 
 
 1. Pursuant to the Committee'a resolution of the 8th February 
 last and the instructions in the address of the 8th Htfarch, we 
 left Liverpool for New York on the 11 tb March. Sip^CAlexander 
 G^alt was a fellow-passenger on the Oermanic,iaid strongly 
 
 I advised us to go to Ottawa en^ route to British Oolumbia, as the 
 affairs of the Indians ttftWghout British Amerioi were adtninis> 
 tered by Sir Johtf Macdonald, as Superintendent-General of 
 Indian affairs, and not by the Provincial Governments. 
 
 2. In accordance with that advice we proceeded to Ottawa. 
 Sir John Macdonald was then too ill to see any one on business, 
 but on a latter from the Lay Secretary, he had given instructions 
 to his Deputy Minister, Mr. Van Kongbnet, to write to the 
 Honourable Mr. Trutch, agent for the Dominion Government at 
 Victoria, and to Dr. Powell, the Indian Commissioner, requesting 
 them to furnish us with all necessary information, and generally 
 to assist us in the fulfilment of the object of our mission. We 
 were accordingly furnished with letters to these functionaries, 
 after an encouraging interview with the Deputy Minister, who 
 expressed his interest in the result of our mission, and specially 
 adverted with satisfaction to our effort to obtain a residence for 
 our sole occupation while at Metlakatla. 
 
 3. On our arrival at Victoria, where we spent eight days, we 
 confeiTed with Mr. Trutch and Dr. Powell, and with the Pr(?mier, 
 and the several officers of the Provincial Government of British 
 Columbia, who manifested every disposition to assist us with 
 copies of Government records bearing on the Metlakatla troubles 
 — ^heard our views on the question, as far as we were then in a 
 
 ♦ Pacific N. W- History Dept. 
 
 PROVINCIAJk I-IBRARV 
 VICTOfWW ^O.^ 
 
 r 
 
 
!l 
 
 2 
 
 position to oflcr tliem — and accorded to ns eveiy encouragement i 
 and convteay which it was in their power to offer. 
 
 4. Wo also conferred with other panics, friends of the Society 
 and supporters of Mr. Duncan, and we found that in the minds 
 of the latter especially, there was considerable misapprehension 
 as to the past action of the Committee, which we endeavoured to 
 remove. 
 
 5. By the first steamer after our arrival at "Victoria, we pro- 
 ceeded to Metlakatla, where we were very cordially received, not 
 only by the Indians who adhere to the Society, but by those 
 also who seceded with Mr. Duncan. A party of the latter, not- 
 withstanding the inclemency of the weather and darkness of the 
 evening, met us on the beach on landing from the Bishop's boat, 
 and carried up our luggage to a house belonging to one of the 
 Indians attached to Mr. Duncan, which, through his good offices, 
 was kindly vacated for us by the owner, Mrs. James O'Eeilly, 
 a widow — and prepared for our occupation by Mrs. Tomlinson, 
 with every regard to our comfort. 
 
 5a. As we had been led by Mr. Duncan to expect, we found 
 that there were very few Indians in Metlakatla when we arrived 
 on the 19th April, and we had a day or two to get information 
 and to fee something of the village — which has a frontage of 
 about two-thirds of a mile, with very little depth — ^before the 
 Indians returned from the annual oolican fishing on the Naas 
 River. 
 
 6. We observed that several canoes daily came in from the 
 north, and on the 22nd Mr. Tomlinson called in the afternoon 
 and informed us that there were about as many Indians then 
 present as we should find at any one time in the place, for al- 
 though many were absent in quest of seals and fur-bearing 
 animals, those who had returned would shortly leave again for 
 salmon-fishing and work at the canneries, which are in operation 
 towards the end of May. We therefore arranged a meeting with 
 the Indians attached to Mr. Duncan exclusively, at eight o^clock 
 the same evening. They wished the meeting to be restricted to 
 themselves alone. 
 
 7. Mr. Tomlinson informed ns that David Leask would in- 
 terpret our addresses, to which arrangement we gladly assented, 
 but observed that we should require a competent interpreter to 
 be present in the interests of the Church Missionary Society — 
 not necessarily to interpret, but to assure us that our address(>3 
 were accurately communicated to the Indians. To this, Mr. 
 Tomlinson, on behalf of the Indians, at first demurred, as an 
 arrangement that would be distasteful to them ; but on its being 
 stated by us to be essential, he promised to explain to tlie 
 Indians our reasons; and it was so arranged. We obtained the 
 
 service 
 
 Societ 
 
 habit 
 
 the Bi 
 
 Book, 
 
 readin 
 
 dispos 
 
 8. ■ 
 
 being 
 
 us — tl 
 
 interp 
 
 9. 
 Torali 
 Mr. 
 seerae 
 of the 
 
 Iinvolv 
 Appei 
 10. 
 ing, a 
 other 
 In dial 
 addre 
 that t 
 accor< 
 evenii 
 11. 
 India 
 migh 
 April 
 12 
 writi 
 Apri 
 prep 
 beha 
 with 
 catic 
 writ 
 
icouragement 
 
 the Society 
 in the minds 
 apprehension 
 deavoured to 
 
 oria, we pro- 
 received, not 
 but by those 
 e latter, not- 
 rkness of the 
 iishop's boat, 
 bo one of the 
 good offices, 
 ties O'Reilly, 
 i. Tomlinson, 
 
 ct, we found 
 n we arrived 
 > information 
 '• frontage of 
 h— before the 
 )n the Naaa 
 
 in from the 
 be afternoon 
 ndians then 
 •lace, for al- 
 fur-bearing 
 fe again for 
 in operation 
 leeting with 
 ight o'clock 
 restricted to 
 
 would in- 
 ly assented, 
 terpreter to 
 y Society — 
 ir addres8(>s 
 this, Mr. 
 rred, as an 
 >n its being 
 lain to the 
 btuined the 
 
 8 
 
 Iservices of Mrs. Odill Morrison, a ladv in full sympathy with the 
 Society, and very competent to perform the duty, being in the 
 habit of interpreting in judicial proceedings. She has assisted 
 the Bishop in the translation of the Gospels and the Prayer- 
 Book, and we have great pleasure in here acknowledf ng the 
 readiness with which she very kindly placed her services at our 
 disposal thruughont our stay in Metlakatla. 
 
 8. We met the Indians at eight o'clock, and David Leask 
 being absent — although another interpreter was suggested by 
 us — the Indians preferred that Mrs. Morrison should be the 
 interpreter. 
 
 9. There were about sixty-four Indians present, with Mr. 
 Tomlinson and Dr. Bluett, the medical missionary attached to 
 Mr. Duncan's party, and we addressed them on such points as 
 seemed to require elucidation, as a preliminary to a discussion 
 of the particular causes of the troubles in which they had been 
 involved for several years. Our addresses will be found in 
 Appendix A. 
 
 10. These addresses had not previously been reduced to writ- 
 ing, as the notice had been so short, but we " reported " each 
 other's addresses, and after they were delivered we invited the 
 Indians to put questions. They asked to Lave a copy of our 
 addresses, that they might consider them deliberately, and said 
 that they would afterwards ask questions, if they desired. Wo 
 accordingly furnished them with a copy on the following 
 evening. 
 
 11. We were afterwards informed by Mr. Tomlinson that the 
 Indians were considering our addresses, and that some days 
 might elapse before they were prepared to reply. On the 27th 
 April we received their answer in writing. {Vide Appendix B.) 
 
 12. As it was the desire of the Indians to have everything in 
 writing, we prepared a joint reply to their letter of the 27th 
 April, and on the 30th informed Mr. Tomlinson that it had been 
 prepared, and that we wished to meet the Indians. He, on their 
 behalf, desired that it should be handed over to the Indians 
 without a meeting, but we insisted that all our formal communi- 
 cations with the Indians should be viod voce (though reduced to 
 writing), and in the presence of a competent interpreter attending 
 in the interests of the Church Missionary Society, and it was 
 arranged that Mrs. Morrison should again interpret. 
 
 13. At eight o'clock p.m. we again met the Indians, and our 
 answer (Appendix C) was read and interpreted to them. Tt was 
 then handed over to John Tait, their spokesman. F m the 
 tenor of their first letter it was evident that these com ounica- 
 tions might very soon cease^ and it was important that wo 
 should deal at onco and fully with all the questions upon v/hich 
 
 A 2 
 
 109814 
 
it was necessary to address the Indians. Tt will be observed that 
 in replying to the letter of the 27th we dealt with questions which 
 seriously affected Mr. Duncan, which we should much rather 
 have done in his presence. When we met him an London wo 
 pressed upon him the great importance of his presence when we 
 were at Metlakatla. He promised to be there before the 1st May, 
 if he could. He was doubtful, but proposed to consult his friends, 
 engaging to let us know the result, and he took our addresses. 
 We did not hear from him before we left London, and wo woro 
 altogether uninformed of his plans. We had been at Metla- 
 katla for three weeks before he arrived, and he was under the 
 impression that we might be leaving by the steamer which 
 brought him, and proposed to call on us the same evening. We, 
 however, informed him that we should remain till the following 
 steamer arrived. We were six weeks at Metlakatla, He re- 
 marked that he thought it better that he should be absent while 
 our inquiry proceeded, which, as he was aware, did not accord 
 with our opmion or wishes, and, moreover, did not accord with 
 the understanding with himself. 
 
 14 After our address had been read, and the Indians did not 
 avail themselves of our offer to answer any questions, we proposed 
 to close the meeting, when Mr. Tomlinson, addressing us, but 
 turning to the Indians, said, in a very excited manner and 
 loud tone of voice, that we had slandered his friend Mr. Duncan 
 behind his back, and called him "a liar and a thief." We 
 pointed out to him quietly the groundlessness of his accusa- 
 tion, but without avail. His efforts to rouse the Indians, to whom 
 we heard him vociferating after we left, did not apparently 
 succeed, as they were afterwards as cordial ns before. 
 
 15. He subsequently stated to us, that the Indians as well as 
 he, considered that we imputed fraud to Mr. Duncan, an imputa- 
 tion which, as will be observed, is not to be found in our address ; 
 but to give the Indians no grounds for supposing that we meant 
 more than we said we addressed to them our letter of 3rd May 
 (Appendix D), and to Mr. Tomlinson our note of the same date 
 (Appendix E). 
 
 16. The Indians replied to our address in their letter of 4th May 
 (Appendix F), which was accompanied by Mr. Tomlinson*s note 
 (Appendix G), and covered by Mr. Tomlinson's letter of fcho 
 same date (Appendix H), justifying a statement in the letter from 
 the Indians " that they had never been asked to join the Church 
 of England." It had not been alleged by us that they had. 
 
 1 7. Hoping that Mi\ Duncan would himself arrive by the first 
 steamer, we deferred further communication with the Indians 
 and Mr. Tomlinson. Mr. Duncan having arrived, and not being 
 desirous of meeting us with the Indians, we replied to both 
 
 Mr. 
 
 (Appe 
 
 and di 
 
 Bteam( 
 
 And o 
 
 us his 
 
 he rep 
 
 he ha 
 
 Comn 
 
 appea 
 
 18. 
 
)b8erved that 
 Bstions which 
 much rather 
 London we 
 noe when we 
 the Ist May, 
 t his friends, 
 r addresses, 
 and we wore 
 m at Metla- 
 -8 under the 
 Jaraer which 
 ening. We, 
 'he following 
 itla. He re- 
 ibsent while 
 not accord 
 accord with 
 
 iana did not 
 we proposed 
 3ing us, but 
 manner and 
 Mr. Duncan 
 thief." We 
 
 his accusa- 
 ns, to whom 
 
 apparently 
 
 s as well as 
 an imputn- 
 ur address ; 
 kt we meant 
 >f 3rd May 
 J same date 
 
 of 4th May 
 ison's note 
 iter of fcho 
 letter from 
 ihe Church 
 had. 
 
 y the first 
 
 e Indians 
 
 not being- 
 
 to both 
 
 
 ft 
 
 Mr. Tomlinson and the Indians in our letter of 20th May 
 (Appendix I), which we supposed had closed the correspondence 
 and discussion. Mr. Tomlinson was a fellow-passenger on the 
 steamer from Metlakatla — wbich we left on Ist June — for Victoria. 
 And on the 4th, the day before we reached Victoria, he handed 
 us his letter of 2nd June (Appendix J), in which it will be observed 
 he repudiates our construction of the Committee's circular letters 
 he had quoted. As we believed we were in possession of the 
 Committee's views, and had stated them, any reply did not 
 appear to be called for. , 
 
 18. Our principal object was to bring about an arrangement 
 by which peace on a sound scriptural basis might be established 
 between the Indians attached to Mr. Duncan and those who 
 adhere to the Church Missionary Society, and to that end it was 
 necessary fully to ascertain the causes of the troubles and dis- 
 peace that prevailed. By careful inquiry and observation, re- 
 jecting hearsay and rumour, not only at Metlakatla, but at Fort 
 Simpson, Kincolith, and Port Essington, which were visited, wo 
 ascertained what the causes of these troubles are, and now sub- 
 mit the result of our inquiry. 
 
 19. While we think there can be no doubt that in the early 
 part of the mission history, a great and generally sound work 
 was carried on by Mr. Duncan, we also see reason to believe that 
 the amount of attention given to the secular part of the work, 
 in the development of industries, was given at some sacrifice to 
 the spiritual woik. The civilizing effects of Mr. Duncan's adminis- 
 tration, however, was so strikingly successful, that it was greatly 
 appreciated and highly commended by Government, and for 
 many years he appears to have enjoyed the entire confidence of 
 Government as well as of the Committee. 
 
 20. The removal of the Mission from Fort Simpson to Met- 
 lakatla, which became a Christian village, to which none were 
 admitted without engaging to abide by the rules of the settle- 
 ment, placed Mr. Duncan in a position in which his power 
 was practically absolute, and the inherent defects of the 
 Christian-village system are now manifest in the dependent 
 condition of the Indians, as they have been in similar villages 
 in India. 
 
 21. It is true that the Committee provided a succession of 
 clerical missionaries to share the responsibility of the Mission, 
 and especially of the spiritual teaching ; but a strong will, accus- 
 tomed to the exercise of control in both secular and spiritual 
 matters— entirely trusted by Government and the Committee, and 
 removed from the observation of any authority, governmental or 
 ecclesiastical — to a great extent neutralized the intentions of the 
 Committee, and has unhappily acquired a force that — directed as 
 
mi* 
 
 n~. 
 
 it now is — is, we reffrofc to say, undoing tho groat work which 
 God enabled that will, for a time, to accomplish. 
 
 22. It may appear to those who have actually known tho Mission 
 that we underrate the progress that had been made in the spiritual 
 life. We have observed the mode of teaching and the actual 
 work, and are convinced that they are not calculated to pro- 
 mote scriptural knowledge and spiritual life. Although tho 
 Indians attached to Mr. Duncan have had the benefit of his 
 teaching for upwards of twenty-eight years, they have not yet 
 Imd any portion of the Word of God, in their own tongue, put 
 iuto their hands. Mr. Duncan's defence is that he did not 
 dare to translate the Word of God into a rude language liko 
 Tsimpshean, which contains no terms to express many of thoso 
 which occur in Scripture — a plea which is negatived by expe- 
 rience ; but it is to be observed that Mr. Duncan incurs a much 
 greater responsibility by continuing to teach only by word of 
 mouth, translating at the moment the Word of God, and by allowing 
 those who have a very slender knowledge of English to teach in 
 the Sunday-school in Tsimpshean, with only an English Bible in 
 their hands. We found John Tait — one of the most advanced 
 of the party — so teaching. His knowledge of English is, as wo 
 found, 7ory imperfect, and when giving evidence before tho 
 Government Commission in November, 1884, he pleaded that he 
 did not speak English. Ho was therefore sworn and examined 
 through an interpreter. Mr. Duncan, when we met him in Eng- 
 land and questioned him on this subject, represented that tlio 
 Indians were rapidly acquiring a knowledge of English, and would 
 Booii be able to use the English Bible. Apart from tho con- 
 8idei*ation that it is now admitted that if the Bible is to be 
 generally read and understood it must be supplied in the native 
 tonguo of the people, Mr. Duncan's representation is not sup- 
 ported by fact, as wo found that but a small proportion of the 
 Indians know English, and those few far too imperfectly to use 
 with profit an English Bible. All the classes that we saw were 
 being taught through the Tsimpshean language from the English 
 Bible, and that by persons having generally but a very elemen- 
 tary knowledge of English, who were required off-hand — with pro- 
 bably previous preparation — to translate that which Mr. Duncan 
 shrinks from translating deliberately. It will be obvious that 
 what is reduced to writing, however imperfect, is subject to 
 criticism by other scholars, and susceptible of revision. The fact 
 that Bishop Ridley, with efficient aid, has translated three gospels 
 and a considerable portion of the Prayer-Book, and that the 
 Gospel of St. Matthew and the Morting and Evening Services 
 abridged have been printed, and are now in use with the Indians 
 attached to the Society with acceptance and advantage, goes far 
 
 I 
 
work which 
 
 tho Mission 
 the spiritani 
 
 the actual 
 ■ted to pro- 
 though tho 
 nefit of hia 
 we not yet 
 tongue, put 
 he did not 
 nguage liko 
 my of those 
 3d by expe- 
 surs a much 
 by word of 
 byallowing 
 to teach in 
 ish Bible in 
 it advanced 
 sh is, as wo 
 before tho 
 bded that he 
 i examined 
 lim in Eng- 
 3d that tlio 
 I, and would 
 in the con- 
 le is to be 
 1 the native 
 is not sup- 
 •tion of the 
 (ctly to use 
 e saw were 
 bhe English 
 (ry elemen- 
 — with pro- 
 Ir. Duncan 
 ivious that 
 subject to 
 
 The fact 
 ree gospels 
 I that the 
 g Services 
 he Indians 
 <', goes far 
 
 to refute the plea on which this very essential work has been so 
 long dcsferrod. 
 
 23. We can readily understand how some who had previously 
 visited the Mission, but had not their attention drawn to par- 
 ticular points, or authority to make any effectual inquiry, 
 received a different impression of the work and of tho standard 
 of knowledge really possessed by the Indians ; but our continued 
 observation during out stay, and communication with the people, 
 could not fail to convince us that they are so dependent on Mr. 
 Duncan and Mr. Tomlinson, that what is done at Metlakatla in 
 any matter of importance, ostensibly by the Indians, is done by 
 these gentlemen either by immediate or previous inculcation. 
 Tho Indians are but children, and quite ir? capable of acting in 
 any important matter for themselves. Their written communi- 
 cations to us, therefore, must be looked upon as, in substanco 
 and diction, the communications of Mr. Tomlinson, and any 
 definite ideas they have on the subjects we proposed to discuss 
 are those they have received directly from their teachers. 
 
 24. On the subject of withholding the Lord's Supper from tho 
 Indians for all these years, Mr. Duncan pleaded the danger of 
 superstitious observance, and the inconsistency of allowing the 
 Indians to touch an alcoholic beverage, from which by law they 
 were excluded. We do not think it necessary to do more than 
 state the latter plea ; but with respect to the former we have 
 to observe that the danger is one which, in the case of these 
 uncivilized races, has not been specially experienced in the history 
 of Missions, and appears to us to be altogether insufiScient as a 
 reason for countenancing the neglect of our Lord's direct 
 command, much less for encouraging such neglect, and the ploa 
 is negatived, even at Metlakutla, by actual experience, in the case 
 of those Indians who are attached to the Society. Mr. Duncac 
 admitted to us in England, on being pressed on the subject, that 
 the introduction of a clergyman in a surplice to administer tho 
 sacrament was, in his opinion, fraught with danger, and as it is 
 obvious that none other could, in a Mission of the Church 
 Missionary Society, his admission explains his continued and 
 otherwise unintelligible objection to the administration at all. He 
 did, however, also admit that some of the Indians might properly 
 be admitted to the privilege, but urged that on consulting them 
 they desired to defer their own admission out of consideration for 
 their heathen brethren. It appears to us that Mr. Duncan must 
 bear the responsibility of the influence which he claims to possess 
 over these Indians and others on the coast, and which we have 
 good reason for believing he did possess, and that in considering 
 this and other points where he is disposed to plead their inde- 
 pendent judgment, the effects of his teaching cannot bo dis- 
 
regarded. In this cnso it was obvionnly his duty as a spiritanl 
 tenchor to instrnct tho Indians in tho nature of the rite, and to 
 inculcate obedience to our Lord's command upon those whom 
 he believed to be true children of God, and who as such would 
 be worthy partakers of the Lord's Supper, and to throw on them 
 tho responsibility of nefflect — not to go through the form of 
 consulting them on such a point. They could scarcely fail to 
 decide in accordance with his own views and teaching. 
 
 25. On the subject of baptism we found that he had en- 
 deavoured to substitute the " blessing " of infants for baptism ; 
 his own desire being that baptism should be deferred till the 
 subjects had come to years to answer for themselves, but that in 
 only one case was the " blessing" carr'ed out, as it met with so 
 strong opposition from the Indians themselves, that he had to 
 abandon the idea o^ the change on this important point. 
 
 20. Had we found it practicable to establish any understanding 
 with Mr. Duncan avd Mr. Tomlinson, and with the Indians 
 attached to Mr. Duncan, that would tend to peace, it might have 
 been unnecessary to enter at length into the different subjects on 
 which Mr. Duncar was at issue with the Society, but it will be 
 clear from the con: nunications we have received, that there is an 
 expressed determination to persevere in what we can only con- 
 sider as the inculcation and practice of opposition to the laws of 
 God and man, and it has become necessary fully to explain 
 wherein such tendencies have been and are being developed, that 
 the measures necessary for suppressing the evil now going on 
 may be understood. 
 
 27. Mr. Duncan arrived at Metlakatla on the 10th May. We 
 were aware that he had brought with him freight for the cannery, 
 and that his attention would bo occupied with this industry after 
 his arrival. We called on him that evening, and informed him 
 that when the pressure of work admitted of it, we should be glad 
 to see him. As up to the 13bh he did not appear, we ascertained 
 from him that he was still occupied, and we therefore on that 
 day went to Port Essington, promising to advise him of our 
 return. On the morning of the 19th he was informed of our 
 return. He still pleaded occupation, but as our time was passing 
 he was pressed for an interview, and it was arranged that we 
 should meet at eight o'clock the same evening. We met accord- 
 ingly, and the interview lasted about six hours and a half. We 
 considered that the best course was to inform Mr. Duncan of 
 what we had learned on, we believed, good authority, and offer 
 him the opportunity of contradicting or explaining the part'cular 
 allegations which had been made to his disadvantage. 
 
 28. As regards the claim of the Indians to the two acres, 
 generally known as Mission Point, he still adhered to his opinion 
 
T 
 
 18 a spiritaal 
 
 rito, and to 
 thoRO whom 
 
 1 snch would 
 row on thorn 
 
 the form of 
 nroely fail to 
 
 fir- 
 he had en- 
 
 for baptism ; 
 
 )rred till the 
 
 , but that in 
 
 met with so 
 
 i he had to 
 
 int. 
 
 iderstnnding 
 
 tho Indians 
 
 ; might have 
 
 t subjects on 
 
 ut it will be 
 
 it there is an 
 
 an only con- 
 
 I the laws of 
 
 ' to explain 
 
 eloped, that 
 
 w going on 
 
 1 May. We 
 ■;he cannery, 
 dustry after 
 1 formed him 
 3uld be glad 
 
 ascertained 
 tore on that 
 him of our 
 med of our 
 was passing 
 ^ed that we 
 met accord- 
 i half. We 
 
 Duncan of 
 by, and offer 
 le parf.'nular 
 
 two acres, 
 his opinion 
 
 9 
 
 that tho Tndians had a propriotarv right in tho soil, and ncknow- 
 Icdgod that ho had so informed them. He had mentioned to us 
 in Kngland that if Government negatived tho claim, he would 
 himself take the question into court, and on that buing alluded 
 to as rendering discussion unnecessary, ho stated that tho pro- 
 ceeding must be in the form of an action by tho Dominion 
 (iiovernment against the Provincial, at his instance, and this 
 they were prepared to institute when the deiu ^idwhould be made 
 by him ; a measure which we consider highly improbable. 
 
 21). We referred to his statement to \^„ in England of tho 
 circumstances attending his severancr om the Society, which 
 gave 'IS the impression that tho Uishop had ■ ad only '^ne inter- 
 vi.„ , ,/ith him, which he informed us wop c . the beach, whilo 
 he was closely occupied iu landing and rh'cking sixty tons of 
 machinery for the cannery, and at wh'ch the sealed letter was 
 abruptly handed to him by the Bishop, on his informing him 
 that he could not, as desired by the Committee, go homo *:'v-n. 
 We stated to him what we had ascertained from tho Bishop him- 
 self, and was partly corroborated by others, viz., that on tho even- 
 ing the steamer arrived, the Bishop informed him that he h;id 
 received an important communication in respect to him from tho 
 Committee; that he would not trouble him with ib that evening, 
 but would see him in the morning; that on the following morning 
 the Bishop saw Mr. Duncan in his own room in the mission- 
 house, and in the most considerate terms informed him of tho 
 requirement of the Committee that he should either go home 
 for conference or consent to carry on the Mission work on the 
 lines of the Church Missionary Society ; that Mr. Duncan replied 
 that he could not go home, and that he had written fully to the 
 Committee from Victoria, explaining his views, and that from 
 these he could not depart ; that on being again asked if he would 
 not consent to go home, he positively refused to do so ; that the 
 Bishop begged him to think over the matter and he would see 
 him again ; that the Bishop, after a lapse of from one to two 
 hours went to him again, wht" Mr. Duncan declined to have any 
 further communication with him, and he had no alternative bub 
 to give him the sealed letter disconneiting him. 
 
 Mr. Duncan to us in England represented that tho Bishop was 
 inconsiderate and abrupt iu his manner, and he stated that the 
 stay of the steamer was so short that he could not interrupt the 
 landing of the machinery, but he made no mention of any inter- 
 view save that on the beach, nor of the fact that the Bishop had 
 himself to leave by the steamer for Kincolith, and gave him all 
 the r-onsideration in respect to time of which the circumstances 
 admitted. Mr. Duncan did not deny the correctness of the 
 Bishop's statement, and we asked him whether he had informed 
 
 fi 
 
10 
 
 the Bishop that in his letter to the Committee he had expressed 
 his willingness to go home after his responsibilities at Victoria, 
 in regard to the machinery, were fulfilled, if, after his full explana 
 tion of his views, they still wished it. He at first answered 
 evasively, saying that he had given the Bishop the purport of his 
 letter, and on being questioned more particularly still gave that 
 answer. And it was not till a stern, "Did you, or did you 
 not ? " had been repeated that he acknowledged that he could 
 not say he did. To induce a direct reply it was explained to 
 him that the point was very material, as on it hinged the 
 question of full effect having been given to the intentions of the 
 Committee. 
 
 29a. After this interview the Bishop informed us that Mr. 
 Duncan read the sealed letter in his presence, and said to him, 
 ** You have exceeded your instructions; " but folded np the letter 
 hastily, with the remark that the matter was settled. 
 
 30. The action of the Society and of the Bishop had been much 
 misunderstood and misrepresented among Mr. Duncan's friends 
 at home and in Victoria, and these misrepresentations had found 
 currency for several years, doubtless in consequence of the reluc- 
 tance of the Committee to take any action which would have pre- 
 cluded the hope of that peaceable adjustment of matters which 
 they earnestly desired to see, but it is important that the facts 
 should be now fully known to those who have any responsibility 
 in further dealing with the case. 
 
 31. Mr. Duncan was next asked as to the abstraction of twelve 
 pages of the Society's account book, which it was alleged he had 
 cut out. He asked us who had informed us of that. Mr. Colli- 
 Bon, whom we invited to come from Kincolith to meet us, had 
 explained to us that in taking over the books from Mr. Duncan, 
 Mr. Duncan retained that particular book on the plea of enabling 
 him to take a copy of the " Secular Fund account " of the 
 Society. On the book being afterwards handed over, Mr. CoUi- 
 Bon found that the pages referred to, which contained that 
 account, had been cut out, and on his asking an explanation Mr. 
 Duncan said that they contained matters of no interest to any- 
 body but himself. With reference to Mr. Duncan's statement, 
 we have to explain that at the request of the Lay Secretary wo 
 took over the books from Dr. Praeger at Victoria on our way ort, 
 and observed that the twelve pages had been closely cut out of 
 the book. The page afc the commencement- of the book, 
 indicating its contents, which we were informed by Mr. CoUison 
 was in Mr. Duncan's handwriting, bears the subjoined inscrip- 
 tion, — 
 
 "Church Missionary Society's Account Book with Metlakatla 
 Mission, British Columbia, containing, — 
 
 The ac( 
 
 to hav( 
 
 presun 
 
 that p( 
 
 the pr( 
 
 We 
 
 tion, a 
 
 him be 
 
 that h 
 
 allegal 
 
 accoui 
 
 qnesti" 
 
 by a h 
 
 whole 
 
 attent 
 
 refere: 
 
 tion c 
 
 which 
 
 that w 
 
 It is 
 
 attitu( 
 
 on th 
 
 regar( 
 
 appar 
 
 to cot 
 
 Se> 
 
 his e\ 
 
 after 
 
 unr...a 
 
 furthf 
 
 32. 
 
 charg 
 
 respe 
 
 recei^ 
 
 speci! 
 
 Sept( 
 
 infori 
 
 up to 
 
 of th 
 
 he al 
 
 youn 
 
 33 
 
 manr 
 
ad expressed 
 at Victoria, ■ 
 full explana- 
 rst answered 
 urport of his 
 till gave that 
 or did you 
 lat he could 
 explained to 
 hinged the 
 ntions of the \ 
 
 us that Mr. 
 
 I said to him, 
 
 up the letter 
 
 d been much i 
 lean's friends 
 as had found 
 of the reluc- 
 uld have pre- 
 aatters which 
 hat the facts 
 responsibility 
 
 bion of twelve? 
 Ileged he had 
 . Mr. Colli- 
 meet us, had 
 Mr. Duncan, 
 1 of enabling 
 mt" of the 
 r, Mr. Colli- 
 itained that 
 lanation Mr. 
 erest to any- ' 
 8 statement, ; 
 Secretary wo i 
 our way ort, 
 J' cut out of ■ 
 the book, ] 
 Mr. Collison i 
 ned inscrip- 
 
 Metlakatla 
 
 11 
 
 "(1) Account Currents from 1857. 
 " (2) Secular Fund Account. 
 « See page 51." 
 The account abstracted is therefore acknowledged by Mr. Duncan 
 to have been an account of the Society, which might have been 
 presumed from its existence in that book, but, irrespective of 
 that point, the book which has been mutilated is unquestionably 
 the property of the Society, and not of Mr. Duncan. 
 
 We informed him that Mr. Collison had given us the informa- 
 tion, and referred to the fact that the act had been imputed to 
 him before the Government Commission in November, 1884, and 
 that he had not disputed the statement. He did not deny the 
 allegation, but in reply to our question said that in regard to 
 accounts or figures he declined to give any answer unless the 
 questions were put in writing, and then he would answer them 
 by a book which he pointed to, and which he said contained the 
 whole history of the Mission, and was to be published. We drew 
 attention to the fact that the question was not one that had any 
 reference to figures, but was a simple question as to the abstrac- 
 tion of the Society's property. He adhered to his conditions, 
 which we declined to accept as unreasonable, and informed him 
 that we should record that he had declined to answer the question. 
 It is obvious that we could not cross-examine a book, and his 
 attitude distinctly implied an unwillingness to answer questions 
 on this point or on the subject of the accounts, his evidence 
 regarding which, before the Commission given upon oath and 
 apparently believed by the Indians, it was our unpleasant duty 
 to contradict in our last address to them. 
 
 Several questions in respect to the accounts with reference to 
 his evidence were noted with the view of being put to him, but 
 aftcu- receiving the above answer, and on his persisting in hia 
 unr<.asonabIe conditions, it was useless to carry the matter 
 further. 
 
 32. The next subject on which we questioned him was the 
 charge in the accounts for the boarding of " children," not in 
 respect to the charges, but with reference to information we had 
 received that the children were mostly young women, and we 
 specified the entry in the accounts for the year ending 30th 
 September, 1866, of "fifteen children," of whom we were 
 informed the youngest was twelve, and the others ranged in age 
 up to twenty- five or thirty, Indiana having no accurate knowledge 
 of their own age or that of others. We were also informed that i 
 he alone for several years occupied the mission-house with these / 
 young women. / 
 
 33. He admitted the facts, and in a perfectly straightforward 
 manner said, that whatever might bo thought of the arrangement, 
 
 B 2 
 
r 
 
 ill.i! 
 
 Dunca 
 A-llen 
 
 18^ 
 
 he had continued what had been begun at his instance by Mrs 
 Tugwell, at Fort Simpson, to save girls from the extreme tempta- 
 tions to which they were exposed. On being asked if he had week, 
 represented the circumstances of the case to the Committee, he 36. 
 mentioned that he had done so, and had described the style of the co 
 person who should be sent out to superintend the institution. Missic 
 
 34. Having heard that Mr. Duncan had exercised the power of 
 divorce, we questioned him on that subject, citing the cases of 
 Edmund Verney and Richard Cecil, whose wives he was alleged 
 to have taken from them and married to other men. He did not 
 admit that he divorced the parties, but he admitted that Edmund 
 Verney had been lawfully married, and that in consequence of his 
 long-continued inHdelity and indifference to admonition he had 
 married his wife to a French Canadian now resident at Metla- 
 katla. Mr. Duncan at first questioned whether Richard Cecil 
 had been lawfully married, but on our giving him the alleged 
 facts, and naming the clergyman by whom thej' were said to 
 have been married, he admitted that they might have been, and 
 gave the same reason for marrying the woman to another man. 
 
 He did explain that he had done these things when the Indians 
 were in a less advanced state, and that he would not feel justified 
 in adopting the same course under present circumstances ; but ; 
 with all allowance for the recognized hardships involved in such 
 cases, and the difficulties of equitably dealing with them among ; 
 uncivilized nations, we cannot but express our extreme surprise 
 that Mr. Duncan, with God's Word before' him, took upon himself 
 unlawfully to uuite women, already lawfully married to husbands 
 by Christian marriage, to other men, and neither referred such 
 questions to the Bishop of the diocese nor to the Committee, nor 
 indeed to any authority. 
 
 35. We questioned Mr. Duncan in regard to the marriage of 
 Frank Allen and Mary Jackson, after Mr. CoUison, as a clergy- 
 man, under the advice of the Bishop, had refused to marry 
 them. 
 
 Mr. Duncan justified his procedure on the score of discipline, i 
 He had sent Mary Jackson, who was one of the young women 
 referred to, to Victoria, at his own expense, to be trained as a 
 pupil- teacher. On her return she had been seduced by Frank 
 Allen in the dormitory. Mr. Duncan took an I.O.U. from Allen 
 for $300 (never actually paid) to compensate him for the cost of 
 her education, and insisted on their being married at once. They 
 were desirous of being married, but not at once, as they wished 
 to have the usual feast on the occasion, and Mr. Collison objected 
 to marry them against their will. On Mr. Duncan pressing the 
 matter, Mr. Collison sought the advice of the Bishop (who con- 
 curred in his objection), and communicated the result to Mr. 
 
 ineasu 
 Missio 
 Mr. ] 
 same 
 
 Mr. 
 
 Stanle 
 
 all tht 
 
 also a 
 
 defau 
 
 was g 
 
 as am 
 
 actorf 
 
 ment 
 
 Victo 
 
 grout 
 
 undei 
 
 mitte 
 
 37 
 
 to th< 
 
 if he 
 
 conn 
 
 do s( 
 
 Indij 
 
 meni 
 
 Dun 
 
 cour 
 
 Mr. 
 
 men 
 
 be 
 
 witVi 
 
 first 
 
 be i 
 
 in ( 
 
 min 
 
 pos 
 
 tha' 
 
 a .. 
 u« i 
 the 
 
13 
 
 Dancan. Mr. Duncan then married them himself; sent Frank 
 A.llen at once to jail for a week, and on his release his wife for a 
 
 tance by Mrs, 
 
 treme tempta- 
 
 ced if he had week, as a punishment for the immorality. 
 
 iJommittee, he 
 
 / 
 
 o marriage of 
 , as a clergy- 
 led to marry 
 
 of discipline, 
 oung women 
 
 trained as a 
 !ed by Frank 
 J. from Allen 
 )r the cost of 
 
 once. They 
 i they wished 
 ison objected 
 
 pressing the 
 •p (who con- 
 esult to Mr 
 
 Missit n Stores, conducted under the direction of the Bishop as a 
 measure of defence against the insults to which the Church 
 Mission Indians were subjected when making purchases at 
 Mr. Duncan's stores. Emily Rees was also fined $24 at the 
 same time for obtaining sugar through Ada Stanley. 
 
 Mr. Duncan justified the procedure on the ground that Ada 
 Stanley violated one of the regulations of the settlement which 
 all the Indians were bound to obey or to leave Metlakatla ; and he 
 also alleged that the shawl which was taken from Ada Stanley in 
 default of payment was voluntarily given, but in point of fact it 
 was given to avoid imprisonment, on failure to pay the fine which, 
 as an orphan, she had not the means of paying. The two principal 
 actors in the transaction were tried and sentenced to imprison- 
 ment by the stipendiary magistrate, but appealed to the court at 
 Victoria, by whose order they were released on the technical 
 ground that it was not within the competence of the magistrate, 
 under the new Act, to try the case, which he should have com- 
 mitted for trial at Victoria. 
 
 37. Having ascertained that Mr. Duncan had read the addresses 
 to the Indians, and as these affected him personally, we asked him 
 if he desired to meet us with the Indians to discuss any point 
 connected with the management of the Mission. He declined to 
 do so, and the case, as between him and the Society and the 
 Indians attached to him, remains as now stated. We ought to 
 mention that notwithstanding the plain dealing to which Mr. 
 Duncan was subjected during the interview, his bearing was 
 coui'teous throughout. 
 
 38. It is a source of great regret to us to have to report that 
 Mr. Duncan's attitude oifers no ground of hope of any arrange- 
 ment with him. His views and procedure are such that it would 
 be impossible for the Society in any way to identify itself 
 with his action. Both his and Mr. Tomlinson's policy was at 
 first to put us to the proof ao to statements which they knew to 
 be in accordance with fact, but after finding we had the proofs 
 in our own hands they abandoned this procedure. Their deter- 
 mination, however, to maintain their claim to the exclusive 
 possession of the Metlakatla Mission without regard to the fact 
 that the Mission is a Mission of the Society and was established 
 a has been maintained at the Society's expense, devolves upon 
 ua the duty of considering the course best calculated to relievo 
 the Indiana attached to the Society from the disabilities under 
 
 ii 
 
r 
 
 14 
 
 which they now labour, and to secure for them the protection of 
 the law. It will be observed that appended to the letter of the 
 Indians of the 4th May (Appendix F) is a formal notice to the 
 Committee and representatives of the Society to quit Metlakatla, 
 and that is the point for which Mi*. Duncan is now contending. 
 
 39. It is necessary to explain how Mr. Duncan's principles 
 and proceedings render peaceful agreement impossible, apart 
 even from his claim to oust the Society from the two acres. 
 Under his guidance regulations have been established forbidding 
 any persons to build houses, even on sites already in their pos- 
 session, or to alter, finish, or enlarge their existing houses, 
 unless they agree with the majority in doctrine and unite with 
 them in worship. Mr. Duncan bases this demand on the principle 
 that in such a community there can be no civil unity unless 
 there is religious ; a principle destructive either of conscience or 
 of union, and absolutely opposed to civil or religious liberty. 
 Nor is this a mere paper regulation. It has been enforced by 
 the violent and riotous pulling down of a room which one of the 
 C.M.S. Christians had added to his house, and by threats in 
 other cases. In our second interview with the Indians we brought 
 this matter earnestly before them, pointing out that nothing 
 was really necessary for the establishment of peace but the 
 withdrawal of their illegal and un-Ohristian regulations. Their 
 only reply was that their community was founded upon unity, 
 and that for unity they would continue to contend. In our inter- 
 view with Mr. Duncan an earnest appeal was made to him also 
 as to these regulations. After changing his ground several 
 times, he finally refused absolutely to withdraw the regulations 
 or even to use his influence with the Indians to do so. This 
 was to us a matter of extreme regret, putting an end to all hope 
 of an amicable arrangement, whereby the Society's work could 
 bo carried on at Metlakatla side by side with Mr. Duncan's. 
 We cannot understand why Mr. Duncan should refuse so moderate 
 a request if he did not feel, what we believe to be the fact, that 
 his hold upon the majority depends upon the continuance of j 
 this system of terrorism, for which these regulations furnish the f 
 principal engine, though not the only one. Our only consolation * 
 is that by this action of Mr, Duncan, the position of the Society 
 is placed in its true light. And it is made clear that the Society 
 is the defender at Metlakatla of religious liberty. The Tsimpshean 
 Indians are our fellow-subjects as well as our fellow-Christians, 
 and all that we ask for them is freedom to worship God according 
 to their consciences. 
 
 40. Ml'. Duncan's proceedings, as illustrated by the cases 
 above cited, are so arbitrary and lawless that, in the absence of , 
 auy representative of Government, bis will is practically the only f 
 
15 
 
 authority which prevails at Metlakatla, Bishop Ridley has, as 
 the Committee are aware, with unwearied zeal and courage main- 
 tained the Society's position for these five years, and kept 
 together the Indians who adhere to the Society, but the Bishop 
 cannot deal with the system of persecution which has been 
 resorted to against the minority, which can only be repressed by 
 the civil power. 
 
 41. We therefore, on our arrival at Victoria, addressed our 
 letter of the 7th June (Appendix K) to the Government of British 
 Columbia, furnishing them with a copy of the record of our formal 
 proceedings with the Indians, and invoking the interposition of 
 that Government to protect the Indians attached to the Society, 
 and communicated personally with the Premier, the Provincial 
 Secretary, and with Mr. Trutch and Dr. Powell. We also, on 
 the 8th of June, addressed Sir John Macdonald (Appendix L), 
 furnished him also with a copy of the above record, and recom- 
 mended the application to our Missions of the Indian Act, and the 
 appointment of an Indian agent to give effect to the provisions 
 of that act — a measure which Mr. Duncan has hitherto success- 
 fully deprecated. That letter, with its enclosures, on our arrival 
 at Ottawa we delivered personally to Sir John Macdonald, with 
 whom we had an interview, as well as with the Deputy Minister, 
 and it was with great satisfaction that we learned from both that 
 the measure we recommended had already been determined on, 
 and that an Indian agent and stipendiary magistrate would 
 shortly be established in the Missions. Sir John himself was 
 about to visit British Columbia, and was t'^ give his personal 
 attention to the subject. 
 
 42. Mr. Duncan s council, under this arrangement, will give 
 place to a council legally constituted under the Act, and presided 
 over by the Indian agent, and it appears to us that this is the 
 remedy for the illegalities from which the adherents of the Society 
 have hitherto suffered at Metlakatla. The jail will be under the 
 control of tbe stipendiary magistrate instead of Mr. Duncan, 
 whose functions will be restricted to those of a missionary, under 
 which arrangement his influence for evil over the Indians and 
 his efforts to enforce his claim to the exclusive possession of 
 Metlakatla will become inoperative. 
 
 43. Under such an arrangemv.nt we believe the Society has 
 only to follow its course, with care and discretion on the part of 
 its agents, and that, notwithstanding the special inducements 
 Mr. Duncan offers to the Indians in the form of remunerative 
 employment, which are not great, the Mission may yet, under 
 God's blessing, bear the fruit of which at one time it gave so 
 much promise. After our residence among the Indians, and our 
 informal and unrestricted intercourse with those attached to the 
 
I 
 
 IG 
 
 Society, we have no hesitation in expressing the opinion that the 
 ■work done among the latter is sound and very encouraging. 
 There is a marked contrast between those attached to the Society 
 and the majority. Tiie general appearance and straightforward 
 bearing of the former impressed us favourably, while, on the 
 other hand, we brought to the notice of Mr. Tomlinsou that the 
 course pursued in respect to the majority was demoralizing to 
 their own agents, citing the case of David Leask, who, in the 
 trial regarding the breaking into the school-house to screen 
 Mr. Duncan and Mr. Tomlinson from the responsibilities of 
 complicity with the writing of a letter which was characterized as 
 felonious, gave false evidence on oath, — yet David Leask 
 preached the sermon at one of the services in the church at 
 Metlakatla while we were there, and Frederic Ridley, one of the 
 ringleaders in the riots, preached the sermon on another occa- 
 sion. We have no reason to believe that these men are bad 
 specimens of the Indian community, but the influences to which 
 they are subjected under the system which prevails can scai'cely 
 fail to subvert a regard for truth and foster hypocrisy. 
 
 44. We cannot conclude our report without avowing our 
 belief, in the face of this state of declension, that, if Mr. Duncan 
 had done nothing else, he is entitled to the cordial thanks of all 
 who are interested in the welfare of the Indians on the north- 
 western coast, for the manly and courageous spirit in which, in 
 the early period of the Mission, he strenuously contended 
 against the liquor traffic on the coast, which was carried on by 
 unscrupulous speculators, who for their own profit disregarded 
 the pernicious effects of the traffic on the bodies and souls of 
 these races, and by his persistent efforts shut out such supplies 
 from Metlakatla, and largely contributed to the abolition of the 
 traffic. 
 
 45. It is with sorrow that we have had to report in terras 
 which so seriously aflFect Mr. Duncan's character as a Christian 
 missionary. Such a course is the only one which consists with 
 our duty, in the performance of which, under a deep sense of 
 responsibility, we trust we have been guided by Him in whom 
 alone there is wisdom and judgment. 
 
 J. G. Touch. 
 W. II. Blackett. 
 bth July, 1886. 
 
ni'on that the 
 eucouragiiig-, 
 o the Society 
 ■ai^htforward 
 'bile, on the 
 isou that the 
 loralizing- to 
 who, in the 
 e to screen 
 usibilities of 
 racterized as 
 )avid Leask 
 e church at 
 , one of the 
 Qother occa- 
 nen are bad 
 ces to which 
 can scarcely 
 
 vowing- our 
 Mr. Duncan 
 hanks of all 
 
 the nor th- 
 in which, in 
 
 contended 
 fried ou by 
 
 disregarded 
 nd souls of 
 ich supplies 
 ition of the 
 
 rt in terms 
 a Christian 
 nsists with 
 ?p sense of 
 Q in whom 
 
 UCff, 
 iLACKETT. 
 
 APPENDIX A. 
 
 Rkports op Addresses to the " Duncan's Indians," at 
 Metlakatla, on 22nd April, 1886. 
 
 General Touch said : — My Friends, I wish to explain to you why we 
 have come fi'om England. In order to make this clear I will explain what 
 the Society is, and what the Committee is. The Church Missionary Society 
 is all those persons who give us money for Mission work. The account of 
 the money is contained in these 200 pages of this book, which is last 
 year's Report. One is published every year. The money last year was 
 over a million dollars. The people who give this are the Society, 
 These appoint the Committee, or Council, in Londou. The Committeo 
 have all this money sent to them, and they distribute it in different 
 parts of the world where the missionaries are working. We have Mis- 
 HJons in many parts : India, British North America, China, Japan, 
 Ceylon, the Holy Land, and some other places. The Committee ia 
 London manages all the affairs of the Society. I speak as a member 
 of the Committee, as well as of the Deputation. The Committee consists 
 of twenty-fonr laymen, and all clei'gymen who give money to the Society 
 may sit on the Committee if they please. The laymen are appointed by 
 name, but any clergyman by only paying money acquires the right to 
 sit. There is a President of tiie Society. The late President, Lord 
 Chichester, who had been President fifty-one years, died siuce I left 
 London, and no new President has yet been appointed, as far as I 
 know. I have received a notice that the Committee would meet about 
 that matter, and a new President will be appointed shortly. I do not 
 know who he will be. I. cannot tell you who all the clergymen on the 
 Committee are, but here in the Report is a list of all the laymen. To 
 show you what sort of people they are, I may tell you that some 
 of them are generals in the army, some are barristers and solicitors, some 
 have been judges. One is an engineer, whom I met at Liverpool on my 
 way out, and who has just finished the tunnel under the River Mersey. 
 Several are merchants; several are men who have been in the Civil Service 
 in India ; all are men of experience. There is only one youngish man ou 
 the Committk J, and he has been appointed lately. He is aged, I think, 
 about thirty-five. They are generally old men like myself, of sixty- 
 three or so. I will lay the book here on the table, and any who can 
 read English can see it. 1 cannot send it round, because I have only 
 one copy and have to use it, but any one can see it at my present 
 residence. 
 
 Now I will tell you why Mr. Blackctt and I are here. The best 
 way to explain it will be to do it in regular form, and read the resolu- 
 
 c 
 
 It 
 

 18 
 
 tion of the Committco by which wo were appointed. When that 
 resolution was passed, on February the 8th, I was out speaking for 
 the Society at a town in England, and so I was absent from that 
 meeting. There are seven secretaries. The chief of them is Mr. 
 Wigram, and he wrote to mo this letter : — 
 
 " After a good discussion the Committee to-day unanimously 
 resolved, ' That having regard to the great importance of putting an 
 end as speedily as possil)le to the long-continued tension at Mctlakatla, 
 this Committee invito General Touch and the llev. W. R. Blackctt, 
 M.A., Vicar of Holy Trinity, Nottingham, to visit Metlakatia, and to 
 confer wilh the Provincial Government, the Bishop, the Christians who 
 adhere to the Society, and those who have seceded with Mr. Duncan, 
 and others, with a view to assist the Committee in determining what 
 action should be taken.' " 
 
 Let me explain that the Committee cannot, of course, order any 
 persons who are not under them, so that this resolution cannot bo 
 understood to apply to any persons wuo .ire not willing to be under 
 them, but the Committe has to decide as to its own people what has to 
 be done. 
 
 In 1856, thirty years ago, the Committee sent out Mr. Duncan to 
 Fort Simpson. Afterwards, as you know, he removed, with the Com- 
 mittee's sanction, to Metlakatia. Then he for many years did good work 
 here under the Committee. Therefore the Committee can never help 
 feeling an interest in all the people in Metlakatia, whether they cleavo 
 to the Society or to any other person. The object of the Committee then 
 in sending Mr, Duncan was to do you good, to teach you God's Word 
 and His truth. That was the first thing. They also desired then, and 
 always do, that the comfort of the people might bo increased. We see 
 in all the Missions that as soon as the people begin to believe the Biblo 
 and the Gospel they become better and more true and steady, and also 
 more prosperous, even in the things of this world. Wo do not want 
 people only to come and say they are going to do so and so, but we want 
 people who from their hearts really wish to serve God. We get nothing 
 by our Mission work, except that wo think we arc doing God's work, aiitl 
 if people trust us with a million dollars, it shows that they believe at 
 leasv that we are honest. It does not prove that we are honest, but 
 at least it proves they think we are honest. When they know from 
 year to year what we do with the money, they have some means of 
 judging whether we are honest or not. I think you will now under- 
 stand the arrangements of the Society and its work. 
 
 One thing the Committee feel strongly, that thay cannot make every- 
 body think alike. God has not made all men's faces the same. Theio 
 will be differences both in faces and in opinions. It is right for each to 
 think what he believes to be true. He is responsible to God for whaf. 
 he thinks and for using all means, such as the Word of God and prayei , 
 to learn what His will is. No man has a right to say to another, 
 " You must think so and so." God's Word says, " To his own Master 
 he standelh or falleth," that is, to Goil. But for the regulation of 
 human affairs thcic must bo some to govern, and to govern with refer- 
 ence to what is good, with the Word of God for their guide. Some 
 
mm 
 
 m 
 
 When that 
 speaking for 
 lit from that 
 them is Mr. 
 
 unanimously 
 f putting ail 
 t Mctiakatia, 
 
 R. Blackctt, 
 katla, and to 
 liristiaus wiiu 
 Mr. Duncan, 
 'mining what 
 
 le, order any 
 
 in cannot ho 
 
 to be under 
 
 what has to 
 
 \ Duncan to 
 ith tiie Corn- 
 id good work 
 in never help 
 ;• they cleave 
 nmittee then 
 God's Word 
 ed then, and 
 ed. We see 
 ve the Bible 
 dy, and also 
 Jo not want 
 but we want 
 get nothing 
 's work, and 
 y believe at 
 honest, but 
 know from 
 e means of 
 now under- 
 take every- 
 ne. There 
 i for each to 
 )d for what, 
 and prayei, 
 to another, 
 >wn Master 
 jgulation of 
 with refcr- 
 ide. Some 
 
 are foolish enough to think it would bo nice if all were allowed to do 
 just as they like. But people of experience and wisdom know that 
 God has directed that there should be government, without it there 
 wouhl be no safety for life or property, therefore every body of people 
 have to decide, under proper guidance, for themselves what are the 
 best arrangements for the good of the whole body. It is always found 
 that some rules are necessary ; to make them too many or too tight is 
 not good. Those nations prosper most that most respect the Word of 
 God, and carry out in its spirit the government of the country and of 
 communities, that is, of bodies of people living together in one place. 
 
 The Committee were very sorry that troubles arose at Metlakatla, 
 and wish, as far as they properly can, to remove them. But they do 
 not wish to do this by trying to get all their own will, but to secure 
 what is really best for this community of Metlakatla. Every one in 
 Metlakatla has the right to decide what he wishes for himself, but 
 each cannot be sure that he will get exactly what he wishes. If there 
 is to be any peace, it must be by some general understanding and 
 arrangement. The Committee wish to promote some arrangement on 
 which there can be peace on proper grounds. If the grounds of peace 
 are not good, the peace will not last long, it is like getting a thin 
 skin over a deep sore. The skin soon breaks, and the sore breaks out 
 again. What is wanted is to get the sore out, and heal that. Tiiat is 
 the desire of the Church Missionary Society with regard to these 
 troubles. I may notice that the word Church in the name of the 
 Society means the Church of England. The Committee of the Church 
 Missionary Society approves of the Church of England as we under- 
 stand it. There are some in the Church of England who think 
 differently from us, and want to have it what is called " High Church." 
 We are called "Low Church." The other Society, S. P. G., which is 
 a smaller Society, is favoured by the High Church party. The 
 Church Missionary Society is entrusted with more money than any 
 other Society in England. I mention this only to show the confidence 
 we get from the people. We may be all wrong, but you can judge 
 for yourselves whether we are likely to be all wrong. We do not 
 want people to come and tell us what they are. If they do, we always 
 keep it in our own power to judge what a man is. And so I expect 
 others not to take what I say without consideration, but to judge for 
 themselves whether it is right. 
 
 It will not be of much use to go into the causes of these troubles 
 now. It would be a long business. We are ready to do it. We 
 have come to place our time at the disposal of the Christians at Metla- 
 katla. We ought to give you time to think over what we say, and 
 not ask you to be in a hurry to say what you think. We are ready 
 to answer any question anybody may ask. We do not say that we are 
 al)!e to answer every qu'>stion ; but our object is to give full informa- 
 tion on anything in which any one is interested, if we can give it, and 
 if we think it right to give it. We want you to be quite free in ask- 
 ing questions. We shall be quite free in telling you everything we 
 oan tell you, and ought to tell you. We tell you our only object iu 
 coining. Wo, agreeing with the Committee, placed ourselves at the 
 
 c 2 
 
 
20 
 
 )| i 
 
 servico of tho Committee, hoping to do real good to the friends at 
 Mctlakatltt. We have no power from Government. Tlio Committco 
 coul'.l not give us any power to decide anything as a judge decides. 
 But we can hear what everybody lias to say, and can judge how far 
 it is right or wrong. Then we can tell the Committee wliat lias been 
 said, and what we think about it. We have not come to take a side 
 — to favour one and disfavour another ; but we have come to be aa 
 just as we can in forming our opinions, and to get tlie truth, whetlier 
 any one likes it or does not — we cannot be guided by that. We are 
 only men, and may make mistakes, but we desire not to make any. 
 I need not say more as to our spirit in coming among you. 
 
 For myself, I have been thirty-seven years in India, and there as a 
 eervant of the Government I had to judge about many different things. 
 All I can do is to use the experience thus gained to judge in this 
 matter also. 
 
 The causes of these troubles are of some importance, and we should 
 truly ascertain what these are. But it is much more important that 
 we should be able to advise what is best for the present and tlio 
 future, and the friends here present and others can assist us in this if 
 they think it right to do so. The Committee desire true and full in- 
 formation. We cannot of course take what every person says, and 
 assume that it is all true. We must shake what we are told in a 
 sieve, and see what truth remains, and then tell tho Committee what 
 ■we have ascertained. 
 
 I think I have said enough, because Mr. Blackett has yet to speak. 
 [At this point there was some discussion about going on. Ultimately 
 General Touch was requested by those present to finish now all he had 
 to say.] 
 
 The Committee have received different reports about these matters. 
 Those who were bound to write have written and told the Committee 
 what they think ; and Mr. Duncan's friends have written and told them 
 what they think. But the Committee are 7000 miles away. Any one 
 who wants to decide justly desires to judge for himself. The Committee 
 cannot all come out here ; if they could, they would like to do so ; but 
 we have given up some months to do this for them. So we want to do 
 our best to promote the Committee's object. 
 
 As to the causes of the troubles, I do not think it is possible now to 
 get full information on that. It would take a long time to do it well. 
 We do not want to go back and say we have done our best, but have 
 not done the best that could be done. We are willing to give any 
 amount of time to get at the truth. We know that the friends here 
 cannot give much time ; they must go and do their work, and look after 
 their own interests. While you are here, we want you to give us the 
 time that is most convenient to you. We want you to think over what 
 we say to you, and consider what is best. We want you to judge for 
 yourselves. Every man has a right to decide, in the sight of God, in 
 his own way. 
 
 To the time of what I will call " the split," you were all Christians 
 of tho Church Missionary Society — Mr. Duncan as a missionary of the 
 Society, you as tho sous uud daughters of the Society. But you have 
 
21 
 
 ho friends at 
 10 ConirniUoo 
 iKlge decides, 
 idge how far 
 vhat has hoeii 
 3 take a sido 
 )ine to bo aa 
 •iith, whether 
 •at. We are 
 make any. 
 
 nd there as a 
 Ferent things, 
 udge in this 
 
 id we should 
 iportant that 
 'ont and tJio 
 us in this if 
 and full in- 
 on says, and 
 re told in a 
 mittee what 
 
 yet to speak. 
 
 Ultimately 
 
 w all he had 
 
 ese matters, 
 e Committee 
 ad told them 
 7. Any one 
 B Committee 
 ) do so; but 
 3 want to do 
 
 3ible now to 
 do it well. 
 3t, but have 
 to give any 
 riends here 
 d look after 
 ?ive us the 
 '<■ over what 
 judge for 
 of God, in 
 
 Christians 
 nary of the 
 t you have 
 
 a right to say, " Now wo want to ho under a different Church govern- 
 ment." God's Word docs not tell all to think alike ; but it does tell us 
 that in some things, if we do not think according to the Word, wo 
 think wrong. liut in many tiiingH of less importance different people 
 may think differently, and have different arrangements. All people 
 acknowledge this. I never was in any part of the world where it was 
 nut acknowledged. It must not be supposed that we want to use 
 pi'cssure or force ; wo only want to set before you what is best, or, at 
 least, what we think best, and then leave you to uecide for yourselves. 
 
 As I said, up to the time of " the split," you were the sons of the 
 Church Missionary Society. We quite understand that, to you, Mr. 
 Duncan was the Church Missionary Society. We were very sorry tlnit 
 we and Mr. Duncan could not think alike on some points which we 
 thought important. Any missionary has a right at any time to say, 
 " When I entered the service of the Society 1 thought so and so, and 
 BO understood things; but now I think differently, and therefore cannot 
 continue to be a missionary of the Society." Wo should bo sorry that 
 that happened, but should feel it unjust not to allow any man to act as 
 he believed in the sight of God to be right. Some have said so, 
 and left us. Wo do not quar'-el with them when they do so ; rather, 
 we say to them, " We honour you Tor acting as you believe to be right." 
 " We do not agree with you." Yet we say, " Wo sent you out, and wo 
 will pay your ex[)enses in coming back, so as to leave you whore we 
 found you." If they wish that, it is done — if they do not wish to come 
 back — wo are ready to give thorn help to begin a new course of life in 
 their own way. If they do not want such help, we do not give it. Wo 
 arc only anxious to deal justly ; if we did not, people would not trust us. 
 
 It so happens that Mr. Duncan wrote to the Society to the effect : 
 " I cannot do what the Church Missionary Society thinks right, because 
 I think otherwise." We invited Mr. Duncan to talk with us before wo 
 left England. He came to the Church Missionary House, and for five 
 and a half hours he spoke to us, and told us what he thought fully. 
 In some things we agreed with liim; in other things we could not 
 agree with him. We told him where we did not agree with him, and 
 ■we asked him to be here when we were here. He was doubtful whether 
 he could or not, but he said ho would try, and would let us know. We did 
 not hear from him before he left ; but in Victoria we received a tele- 
 giam, stating that he had left on the Stb. This was sent by the Society 
 for the information of Mr. Blackett and myself, so I hope he will soon 
 be here. If Mr. Duncan is here, it will help us to get what we want, 
 because Mr. Duncan is a principal party in the matter; and Ave cannot 
 get at the whole truth unless the principal partj' is here. We may get 
 as much of it as we can before he comes, and we have to use our time 
 as best we may. We cannot tell when he may be hero. We have not 
 heard his plans. Perhaps he may come by the next steamer; if he 
 does, it will be very helpful; we shall see what happens ; so we shall 
 go on with our business. We will hear as much as we can; then, 
 when Mr. Duncan comes, wo shall have the benefit of his presence and 
 his help. 
 
 We always regret when any division takes place among tho Christians 
 
 a 
 
22 
 
 li 
 
 '' 
 
 that IIo 
 best for 
 All men 
 
 tl the cliildren of 
 
 ight. The Bible 
 
 St Paul says we 
 
 in n Bmall plnoo : that is not gootl. Thoro is only ono thing worse, and 
 that in, for tho nako of peace to do wrong. Wo do desire peace, and 
 we hope wo can do riglit and have pcaco. 
 
 I'hat remains to be seen. I would atik all to pray to God 
 would l< ad all to seek for pcaco, and guide ail to do what is 
 His glory, and for the good of tho Christians in Mctlakatla. 
 like to have their own will. I do, but I do not always get it, and I 
 think i^ is a g'.ud thing that I do not. But we must desire something 
 above our own will ; that God may guide us, and bend our wills as 
 may be best for His children. Since we knew we had this work to do, 
 I can safely cay that it has been our daily prayer that God will do 
 what we cannot do — that is, that He will influence ua all to do what 
 IIo would like us to do. I ask all present, if they think this right, to 
 ]U'ay for this from God. Does any one hero know what is tho ninth 
 verse of the fifth chapter of the Gospel according to St. Matthew ? 
 " Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be cal' 
 God." It is not blessed are they who quarrel an 
 does not sny let wrong continue raiher than content 
 must contend for what is right as concerns God. i'nit there is a great 
 dilfercnce between contending for God and contending for our own 
 wills ; and we have to keep that before us. Let us ask God to enable 
 us to do the one and not to do tho other. I think now I had better 
 conclude for this evening, for my colleague, Mr. Blackett, has yet to 
 spoak. To make sure that we remember what wo have faid, he has 
 noted what I have said, and I shall note what he says. \Vo want to 
 make all correct in writing, so that we may bo able to say to tho 
 Committee, " This is what was said, judge of it." "When I have 
 Hpoken to you I had not written down beforehand' what I have spoken. 
 1 did not know exactly what I would say. Only after we were told 
 to-day we were to meet you this evening, I put down some points on 
 which I wished to speak ; but the words I have spoken have been 
 thoj-e which came up at the moment. Of these words we shall keep 
 u copy, so that there may be no question y^ aether wc said so and so or 
 did not. 
 
 Perhaps you will find it difficult to remember all I have said, and all 
 Mr, Bluckett will say ; but you will have a general idea what it is you 
 have to think of. VVe shall be ready to meet you again whenever you 
 like, and after Mr. Blackett has spoken, we shall be ready to answer 
 any questions. If any one likes to ask any questions now here, we will 
 try to answer them ; if not, at any other time, or at our own house. 
 And do not be afraid to ask questions. What we want is to clear away 
 all doubts out of your hearts and minds. 
 
 I will now sit down. 
 
 Council lioom, Mctlakatla, April 22nd, 1 886. 
 Mr. Blackktt said : — I shall not keep you long. Now you have 
 been told of the Church Missionary Society. 1 heard in India a story 
 of a great giant who had no head, but had such long arms that he could 
 emltrace any one who came within a mile of him. The Church Mis- 
 bionaiy Society has a head and such long arms that it can embrace 
 
28 
 
 ponplo on thiH sido of tho world, and on tho other sido of tho world too. 
 Tlio Clmrch Misslnnnry Society cinbraces you, not os thoiij^li it claimed 
 or desired to oxerciHC any power whatever over you, hut it fools tho 
 deepest interest in you, and desires that you should bo saved eternally, 
 and that God should he glorifled in you. 
 
 Tho proof that the Church Missionary Society cares for you and loves 
 you is that they have sent out first Mr. Duncan, and then others, to 
 preach the Gospel and to do you good. It was therefore grieved when 
 troubles came among you. It was very much grieved whon you wero 
 separated from tho Society. It could not help, even after the separa- 
 tion, caring for you. If a child leaves its father's house, and will not 
 live as one of his family, tho father grieves over that child, and the 
 proof that the Society still cares for you ia that it bus sent out us to 
 talk to you. 
 
 The particular instruction we have is to heor everything everybody 
 has to say. We A.dUt to hear all you have to say, whether you t^ay it 
 together or separately. We cannot promise to agree with you in all 
 you say, but our business is to hear you in everything you wish to say : 
 tell UH vcrything you think we ought to know. 
 
 Till groat thing the Committee desire is that all should live in peace. 
 You know many texts of Scripture. One in, "As much as lieth in you 
 live peaceably with all men." That is God's command. Mark, " With 
 all men." It does not say live peaceably with those who agree with 
 you in everything. If two people want to go to tho same place, thero 
 will not be much difference in the direction they will go. Wo all want 
 to go to heaven ; and if this is our desire thero will not be much 
 disputing as to the exact way we walk in. A man may go a little to 
 the right or to the left of the road I go in, but I shall not quarrel with 
 him on that account, nor he with mo. When wo do live peaceably 
 with all men, we find that we don't differ bo much as we think. 
 Another man and I can go to heaven, even if wo don't walk side by 
 side. 
 
 We ought to follow the example of our Lord Jesus Christ, and Ho 
 loved all men, ever if He did not agree with them. We desire peace, 
 but the foundation must be love, and there isno true Christianity where 
 there is not love. Love calls out love in others. Therefore, let us ask 
 God to give us all love, so that when wo discuss these matters we may 
 do so in love, and if we have love in .ur hearts we shall find a way to 
 live peaceably with all men. We want you to tell us everything you 
 think you ought to tell us. Pray to God, and let us look up to Him 
 for heli?, and we shall find a way to put au end to all these troubles. 
 
24 
 
 APPENDIX B. 
 
 Letteti op David Leask, fob the Indians attached to Mr. 
 Duncan, in reply to the Adduesses delivered by the 
 Deputation on the Evening of 22nd April, 188G. 
 
 Metlakahtla, British Cohmibia, 
 
 April '27th, 1886. 
 Dear Sirs, — We the people of Metlakahtla in meeting assembled 
 have heard your speeches, which you kindly wrote out at our request, 
 translated to us, and, after hearing them, we have decided not to give 
 any answer for the following reasons : — 
 
 1. You say you have no authority from the Society to settle anything, 
 but only to make inquiry and hear opinions. 
 
 2. We do not think anything would be gained by going over every- 
 thing, when we have already told the Society in our letters what our 
 troubles are. 
 
 3. Wo have not asked the Society to send you. We did ask 
 them when our troubles first began, to send a deputation to inquire into 
 matters, but they refused. 
 
 4. Two of our number went with Mr, Duncan as delegates to Ottawa 
 last spring, and had an interview with Sir John MacdonakI, when they 
 presented our letter. He promised to consider the whole matter and 
 send us an answer. We have not yet received this lettei-, and it would 
 hardly be fair to make any settlement without awaiting his reply. 
 
 But while we do not see reason to enter into any discussions, or 
 wasle our tinne in fruitless taikings, we wish to bring before you in a 
 few words the real state of the case, which you have not so much as 
 referred to in your speeches, and to ask the Society two questions. 
 
 Metlakahtla, including the two acres, was Tsimshean land, and the 
 site of an old \illage, before ever Mr. Duncan left England. Tiie first 
 Tsimsheans who wished to serve Grod showed this place to Mr. Duncan 
 as a good site for a Christian village. There never was the cmallest 
 idea of taking it or any part of it from them. We were willing and 
 glad for the missionaries of the Society to occupy the two acres as lonor 
 as we felt they were woi'king for us ; but we never supposed the 
 Society would try to take these two acres from us, and claim them 
 because they had their buildings on them, any more than we supposed 
 Mr. Duncau would want to take from ua the pieces of land on which ho 
 erected the sawmill and other works. We were no parties to the 
 arrangement between the Government and the Society about the two 
 acres. 
 
 We feel that the Society is not working for us any longer, but is 
 opposing and hindering us, and we wish them to move off our 
 land. 
 
 We ask the Society this question. Will the Society, in consideration 
 of our prior claim to the land and our carnost request, give up their 
 claim and yield to this our uu. niinous wish ? 
 
 The reason for the first Christians leaving Fort Simpson and coming 
 to Metlakahtla, was to form a Christian community of members from 
 any of the many surrounding tribes. Those who came Avcro to give 
 
28 
 
 ;nED TO Mr. 
 
 SUED BY THE 
 
 5G. 
 
 la, 
 
 •27 th, 1886. 
 iug assembled 
 t our request, 
 d not to give 
 
 3ttle anything, 
 
 g over every- 
 ters what our 
 
 We did ask 
 ;o inquire into 
 
 Ltes to Ottawa 
 
 Id, when they 
 
 le matter and 
 and it would 
 
 s reply, 
 iscussions, or 
 
 "ore you in a 
 po much as 
 
 iiestions. 
 
 land, and the 
 1. The first 
 Mr. Duncan 
 the smallest 
 willing and 
 
 acres as long 
 upposcd the 
 claim tlieni 
 we supposed 
 on which he 
 ties to the 
 out the two 
 
 nger, but is 
 )ve off our 
 
 onsideration 
 ve up their 
 
 and cominw 
 smbers from 
 ere to give 
 
 up their tribal and other distinctions, and live as one people united 
 and binding themselves each one to follow the rules laid down from 
 time to time by their council. So that unity was the basis of tiie 
 settlement. The coming of each was voluntary. His stay was voluntary, 
 and he could leave if ever he found the rulua irksome. Wo wished to 
 live as brethren united in all things. 
 
 Before the separation, the Society told us they wished to make 
 some cimnges, and bring us into direct connection with the 'Church of 
 England. We did not want these changes, and when the Society found 
 we did not want to change, they dismissed Mr. Duncan, because he 
 would not try to make us do what they 'v inted. 
 
 We all, without any exception, askec' Mr. Duncan to stay here among 
 us. After some months a few separated from us. They had a right 
 to leave us if they chose, but not to remain at Metlakahtla after they 
 had separated from us, because they had promised to be with us. It is 
 not that these few have left us that causes the trouble, but that they 
 are being supported by the Society in doing what they ought not 
 to do. 
 
 What we wish to ask the Society is this. Will the Society refuse to 
 hear our earnest (ntreaty, and in opposition to our unanimous wish 
 continue to support the direct cause of the dissension and disunion 
 among us, or will they not rather listen to our prayer and withdraw 
 their support and thus put an end to the trouble, and enable us to 
 return to the old paths and again enjoy that union which was such a 
 blessing to ua and tiiose around us ? 
 
 To Major-Ger.eral J. G. Touch, 
 kev. W. K. Blackatt, 
 
 CM. S. Deputies. 
 
 From the pe pie of Metlakahtla, and signed for them by 
 
 D. Lbask, Secretary. 
 
 APPENDIX C. 
 
 Copt op Letter to David Leask fob the Christian Indians at 
 Mktlakatla attached to Mb. Duncan. 
 
 Metlakatla, British Columbia, 
 
 April 30th, 1886. 
 
 Dear Friends, — We have received your letter of April 27th, 1886. 
 In it you tell us that after haviug heard what we said to you on Thurs- 
 day evening, April 22nd, translated to you, you had decided not to 
 give any answer. For this you give four reasons. These reasons we 
 wish to notice in order : — 
 
 1. 'Because we have no authority from the Society to settle any- 
 thing, but only to make inquiry and hef.r opinions.' 
 
 The word '* opinions " is not quite correct. Our object is rather to 
 ascertain facts, to obtain reliable information. It is our duty to use 
 
 D 
 
26 
 
 every means to separate what is fact from what is only opinion. Wo 
 want evidence. 
 
 The power to settle its own affairs lies with the Committee of the 
 Society. But observe this, that while we have no power to settle any- 
 thing, neither do we ask you now to settle anything. We are 
 instructed to confer with you. This is shown by the resolution read 
 to you on Thursday. We know that the Committee hopes that after 
 conference with you we may be able to come to an understanding 
 with you as to what should be done. And this might enable them 
 to decide on their course of action, in order to secure peace, either 
 now or hereafter, at Metlakatla. This is what all should desire. 
 
 2; "lou say that you * do not think anything would be gained by 
 going over everything, when you have already told the Society in your 
 letters what your troubles are.' 
 
 The Society know something from your letters as to what your 
 troubles are. But conference face to face is the best way of obtaining 
 full information. And for the purpose of obtaining full information 
 we have been sent out. 
 
 3. You say that you * have not asked the Society to send us 
 out.' 
 
 . We had a long talk with Mr. Duncan in London, He then expressed 
 his satisfaction at our being sent out to see you, and assured us that 
 you would receive lis gladly. You did receive us on our arrival 
 Avith marked cordiality and kindness. This we heartily acknowledge 
 with our best thanks. At the meeting on Thursday, the 22ad, wo 
 gave yon an explanation of our mission. And we said what seemed 
 necessary to introduce the discussion of details at future meetings. 
 Afterwards we invited you to ask any questions you desired, either 
 then or afterwards. You tha'iked us, and asked for a copy of what 
 we had said, so that you rnight consider it deliberately, and after- 
 wards ask questions if you wished. We promised you a copy tlio 
 next evening, and through John Tait you thanked us for complying 
 with your request. 
 
 On Friday evening about half-past six, we delivered the promised 
 copy to John Tait. 
 
 Nothing passed between us afterwards till we received your reply. 
 It seems hardly to agree with what you have done already, or with 
 the courtesy you have shown us hitherto, if you tell us now you will 
 give us no answer because you had not asked the Society to send us. 
 
 4. You tell us that two of you, with Mr. Duncan, had an 
 interview with Sir John Macdonald last spring, and that he then 
 promised to consider the whole matter submitted to him in your 
 letter. You think that it would hardly be fair to make any settlement 
 until you receive his reply. 
 
 We quite admit that in any understanding we may come to, it might 
 be proper to reserve any points referred to Sir John Macdonald. But 
 we do not ask you to come to any immediate settlement. And you 
 have already observed that we have no power to settle anything 
 ourselves. We wish only to prepare the way for a settlement 
 hereafter. 
 
tpinioTi. Wo 
 
 nittee of the 
 ;o settle auy- 
 g. We are 
 solution read 
 pes that after 
 nderstanding 
 enable them 
 peace, either 
 desire. 
 
 be gained by 
 )ciety in your 
 
 io what your 
 f of obJaiuiiig 
 1 information 
 
 r to Bend us 
 
 len expressed 
 sured us that 
 
 our arrival 
 acknowledge 
 he 22nd, wo 
 what seemed 
 re meetings, 
 esired, either 
 opy of what 
 and aftei- 
 
 a copy tlio 
 >r complying 
 
 the promised 
 
 J your reply, 
 eady, or with 
 now you will 
 to send us. 
 
 n, had an 
 hat he then 
 lim in your 
 ly settlement 
 
 e to, it might 
 lonald. But 
 And you 
 ttlo anything 
 a settlement 
 
 27 
 
 We do not therefore feel that these reasons need stand in the way 
 of further conference. 
 
 After giving these reasons for giving no answer, you go on to bring 
 before us your view of the real state of the case. 1. You tell us that 
 * the two acres were Tsimsheau land, and part of the site of an old 
 village, before Mr. Duncan left England.' You say that you never 
 supposed the Society would try to take those two acres from you on 
 the ground that they had their buildings on them. Yon state that you 
 were no parties to the arrangement between the Government and the 
 Society about the two acres. 
 
 We knew how much importance you attached to the question of the 
 two acres. The Secretaries of the Society, therefore, wrote to Sir 
 John Macdonald, and to the Government at Victoria, and told them 
 that we were coming out to inquire into all these matters. When we 
 were in Ottawa, Sir John Macdonald was too ill to see any one on 
 business. We dare say you know this. But he had directed hia 
 Deputy to w^rite letters to the agent of the Dominion Government at 
 Victoria, and to the Indian Superintendent. In these letters he 
 requested them to give us all assistance and information, so that we might 
 be enabled to do what we were sent out for. These letters were given 
 to us open, and we brought them to Victoria. Among the papei's placed 
 at our disposal by the otficials at Victoria, we find several which bear 
 upon the question of the two acres. We will quote here the actual 
 words of some important decisions. 
 
 First we quote from a memorandum of the Hon. Mr. Trutch. He 
 wrote it when he was Commissioner of Lands and Works. Governor 
 Musgrave forwarded it with his approval to Earl Granville, Secretary 
 of State for the Colonies in England. The letter forwarding it was 
 dated " Government House, British Columbia, 29th January, 1870." 
 
 Mr. Trutch's words are these : — 
 
 " The Indians have in fact been held to be special wards of the Crown, 
 and in the exercise of this guardianship. Government has in all cases 
 where it has been desirable for the interests of the Indians, set apart 
 such portions of the Crown lands as were deemed proportionate to, and 
 amply sufficient for, the requirements of each tribe. And these Indian 
 lleserves are held by Government in trust for the exclusive use and 
 benefit of the Indians resident thereon. 
 
 "But the title of the Indians in the fee of the public lands, or of 
 any portion thereof, has never been acknowledged by Government, 
 but on the contrary is distinctly denied. 
 
 "(Signed) Joseph W. Trutch." 
 
 The next record we quote is a letter of the Government to Mr. 
 Duncan. It is a reply to his application for the extension of the 
 Roservo at Motlakatla, and for the grant of the two acres. It is as 
 follows : — 
 
 Siu," 
 
 * " Colonial Secretary's Office, 
 
 " 27th September, 1S64. 
 
 I have the honour to acquaint yon, with reference to your 
 
 I) 2 
 
 t-^r^ 
 
as 
 
 !! 
 
 I ■ 
 
 letter of the 30th May last, that the Government Reserve at Metla- 
 katla has been, by direction of the Governor, extended to a distance of 
 five miles ou each side of the Mission Point, and five miles back from 
 the coast-line 
 
 " His Excellency has also directed that the two acres of land known 
 as Mission Point is to be held in trust by the Government for the 
 benefit of the Church Missionary Society. 
 
 "I have, &c., 
 
 " (Signed) 
 
 " W. Duncan, Esq., 
 
 " Metlakatla." 
 
 Charles Good. 
 " For the Colonial Secretary. 
 
 ' Both at Ottawa and at Victoria we ascertained from the Govern- 
 ment officials that the state of the law is still as shown in these papers. 
 We quote one more extract. It is from a report of P. O'Reilly, Esq., 
 Indian Reserves Commissioner to the Right Honourable the Super- 
 intendent-General of Indian Affairs at Ottawa. 
 
 It is dated, you will observe, after your separation from the Society. 
 
 " Victoria, British Columbia, 
 
 "8th April, 1882. 
 • . • • • • 
 
 " Ten miles along the coast by five miles back of this tract, which 
 includes the village, fisheries, &c. of Metlakatla, was in 1863 declaimed 
 to be a Government Reserve, no doubt intended for the Indians, though 
 not specially so stated, and two acres within the village site of Metla- 
 katla was specially reserved for the Church Missionary Society. 
 
 " (Signed) P. O'Reilly. ' 
 
 "Indian Reserve Commissioner." 
 
 You profess to live according to the Queen's laws. Indeed you are 
 bound to do so. Now the Queen's laws secure the right of the Church 
 Missionary Society to this land as these extracts clearly show. The 
 Queen's Government, which holds these two acres in trust for tJie 
 Society, has declared the Society's right by having them surveyed. 
 You will therefore see that you are bound to respect that right. 
 
 You are, then, wrong in supposing that the Society has tried to take 
 these two acres from you. It was quite needless to do so, as tho 
 Society holds the two acres iu just the same way as you hold tho 
 Reserve. That is, the Goveruniont hold both iu trust, the Reserve 
 lor yon, and the two acres for the Society. 
 
 II. You say that the Society is not any longer ■'Vv>iking for you, 
 but is opposing and hindering you. And you wish them to move olF 
 tho land. 
 
 You liave separated yourselves from the Society. You have, of cou' se, 
 H perfect right to do so if you choose. But tho Society does all it can 
 i'or your benefit, and will go on working for your benefit still. It doos 
 not hold Mission Point only lor tho benefit of those who adhoro to it. 
 
've at Metla- 
 
 a distance of 
 
 es back from 
 
 if land known 
 ment for tho 
 
 jtOOD. 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 the Govern- 
 
 these papers. 
 
 'Reilly, Esq., 
 
 B the Super- 
 
 1 the Society. 
 
 hia, 
 
 prtl, 1882. 
 
 tract, which 
 863 declared 
 lians, though 
 te of Motla- 
 ciety. 
 
 iissioner. ' 
 
 3ed you are 
 the Church 
 show. The 
 rust for tJie 
 n surveyed, 
 ight. 
 
 ;ried to take 
 so, as the 
 ou hold the 
 he lieseive 
 
 
 for 
 
 yon, 
 ;o move otf 
 
 e, of cou' se, 
 es all it can 
 It dooH 
 Ihcru to it. 
 
 29 
 
 It is bound to do all it can for them. But it is bound to hold Mission 
 Point, and does hold it, for your highest benefit also. It held it at 
 fiist that the Word of God might be introduced among you. It holds 
 it now in order tu oflfer you the full benefit of the religion of Christ 
 which has so happily hegun to take root amongst you. For instance 
 you have been deprived hitherto of the Lord's Supper. This is one of 
 tlie greatest privileges of the Christian religion, and every true 
 Christian has a right to it. While your Christianity is in this and 
 other respects imperfect, the Society cannot feel that its work of 
 establishing the Gospel among you has been completed. Many of you 
 do not at present care to accept the ministrations the Society offers to 
 you. But that does not set free the Society from the duty of putting 
 within your reach an unmutilated Christianity. 
 
 Further, the Society cannot lose sight of this, — that at present you 
 are not, as far as they know, supported by any Society. Thus they 
 do not see any guarantee that the present state of things will be per- 
 manent among you. They feel, therefore, that they may at any time 
 have to take up again that responsibility for the support of the Gospel 
 among you which they bore for so many years. 
 
 III. You ask this question. Will the Society, in consideration of 
 your prior claim to the land and your earnest reque«-c, give up their 
 claim to the land ? 
 
 We must not deceive you by giving you any doubtful reply to this 
 question. We answer that we cannot in any way advise the Committee 
 to give up their Metlakatla Mission, nor do we, for a moment, believe 
 that under any circumstances they will do so. We have already ex- 
 plained to you that you are wrong in supposing that you have any 
 claim to Mission Point. The Committee have already informed Mr. 
 Duncan through Mr. Wigram, the Honorary Secretary, that they feel 
 they have duties to fulfil both towards the Native Church built up 
 through the agents of this Society, and towards the members of the 
 Society at home. We cannot therefore hold out any hop6 that your 
 request will bo complied with. 
 
 IV. You tell us of the circumstances under which the Mission at 
 Metlakatla was established. You say that the wish was to form one 
 people, united by certain conditions, to which they voluntarily agreed. 
 From these, you say, they could bo freed by leaving the place if they 
 chose. As to these conditions, we must remind j^ou of this,— that 
 the Mission was the Mission of the Church Missionary Society, — that 
 Mr. Duncan was their agent ; and that he was bound to conduct the 
 Mission according to the instructions and rules of the Society, so long 
 as he remained in its service. The Society do not object to such rules 
 as are necessary for the proper conducting of a Mission, but they do 
 object to conditions being imposed which are not consistent with the 
 principles of God's Word, which oven the law of the land rejects, and 
 which considerations of what is called "general policy " — that is, of what 
 is good for all the people — declare to be bad. For uniformity is not 
 unity, and enforced uniformity in matters in which neither God'a 
 Word nor wise men require all men to think and act exactly alike, can 
 produce only iubiuuuriiy aud dibcoid. The principle adopted amoug 
 
 k 
 
80 
 
 ! 
 
 Il 
 
 you is that religious unity is necessary to civil unity. This the Society 
 catinot sanction, nor give way to. It is contrary to the spirit of God's 
 Word. And yon know that the result of your attempting to apply it 
 has been condemned by the Government Commission which held an 
 inquiry here in November, 1884. The law of the land condemns these 
 conditions. That people have voluntarily agreed to them does not 
 make it lawful to enforce penalties or to drive people away from 
 their homes for the conscientious breach of them. 
 
 V. You remark that before the separation the Society told you they 
 ■wished to make some changes and to bring you into direct connection 
 ■with the Church of England. This is a mistake on your part. The 
 Society is a Church of England Society. It sent out Mr. Duncan as a 
 member of the Church of England. It always required him to to;'.ch 
 you and conduct the services in the Mission according to the general 
 principles of the Church of England, which 1- believes to be Scrip- 
 tural. For the Church of England solemnly disclaims all authority in 
 matters of faith save that of the Word of God. Thus there was no 
 change on the Society's part. But the Committee found that in some 
 things Mr. Duncan did not recognize or obey the principles of the 
 Church of England as they understand them. Specially he told them 
 himself that none of you had been admitted to partake of the Lord's 
 Supper. Yet some of you, he told them, had been true Christians for 
 many years. Now our Saviour commap'ls His people to partake of 
 the Lord's Supper. You may see the command in 1 Corinthians ii. 24, 
 and in other places. He says plainly, " This do in remembrance of Me." 
 The Committee had a very great respect for Mr. Duncan. But they 
 felt that they could not allow him to stand in the way of your obeying 
 this command of the Lord. Nor could they permit him to forbid your 
 receiving this, which is the privilege and right of every faithful 
 Christian. Thus they were compelled most I'eluctantly to disconnect 
 him from their service, in order to secure for you your full rights as 
 Christians. 
 
 VI. On one point it appears from your letter that you do not fully 
 understand the facts. Mr. Duncan was paid a salary by the Society, 
 year by year from 1857, when he came out to yon at Fort Simpson, to 
 1881, when his connection with the Society was severed. The Society 
 also sent out money, besides this, for the expenses of the Mission. 
 According to the rules and to the actual practice of the Society, all 
 money given for the Society's Missions belongs to the Society, 
 not to the missionaries. All such money is subject to the control 
 of the Committee. It makes no difference whether the money is paid 
 into the Society's treasury in London, or given to its agents for 
 bpecial purposes, or to any missionary by friends at home or abroad 
 for any branch of the work carried on by the mi8^^ionaries. This wo 
 can both of us state from our personal knowledge. One of us has 
 learnt !;, as a member of the Committee at home and abroad for many 
 years, and the other as an agent of the Society, and as an acting- 
 seci'etary for a time. 
 
 Mr. Duncan collected money from friends of the Society, and, as ho 
 
 tells ua, from others also. But as our 
 
 agent 
 
 he collected that money 
 
81 
 
 the Society 
 it of God's 
 ;o apply it 
 ih held an 
 emns these 
 1 does not 
 away from 
 
 ! you they 
 connection 
 part. The 
 uncan as a 
 QQ to teach 
 the general 
 ) be Scrip- 
 ithority in 
 ire was no 
 lat in some 
 >Ies of the 
 told them 
 ;he Lord's 
 istians for 
 partake of 
 ians ii. 24, 
 ice of Me." 
 
 But they 
 ur obeying 
 brbid your 
 ■y faithful 
 disconnect 
 
 rights as 
 
 > not fully 
 
 le Society, 
 
 iimpson, to 
 
 he Society 
 
 B Mission. 
 
 Society, all 
 
 3 Society, 
 
 he control 
 
 ley is paid 
 
 igents for 
 
 or abroad 
 
 Tbis wo 
 
 of us has 
 
 for many 
 
 an actiug- 
 
 and, as ho 
 lat money 
 
 for our Mission. If he had not been our agent the money would not 
 have been given for our Mission, and he had no authority to collect for 
 any other. The following is one of the Society's rules : — 
 
 " Every individual connected with the Society in its different 
 Missions, in whatsoever department of labour, shall keep a detailed 
 and accurate account of the funds placed at his disposal in the form 
 that may be pointed out to him ; and shall regularly transmit such 
 accounts to the Parent Committee or to their representatives at the 
 Mission, at such periods as may be specified for that purpose." 
 
 Mr. Duncan, then, ought to have accounted for all money received by 
 him for this Mission, whether for church, school, sawmill, or other 
 purposes. (The cannery was established after the severance, and docs 
 not therefore come under the rule.) Part of the expenses of the other 
 works came from trade profits ; but these profits belonged to the Society, 
 since the industries were part of the Society's mission-work for your 
 benefit. Mr. Duncan's good management made them more than pay 
 their expenses. If there had been loss on the whole work the Com- 
 mittee would have acknowledged their responsibility for making up 
 that loss. 
 
 A missionary's whole time belongs to the Society, according to the 
 agreement between him and the Society. And even if a missionary 
 gives his own money to help the Mission, it becomes thereon the pro- 
 perty of the Society, and not that of the giver. For instance, Mr. Wigram, 
 the Honorary Secretary of the Society, has recently given fifty thousand 
 dollars for a particular purpose in connection with the Society. This 
 at once becomes the property of the Society for that purpose, and 
 ceases to be Mr. Wigram's own money. 
 
 VII. We were sent out to confer with you that we might have every 
 means of ascertaining the truth, and we rely on you to give us your help 
 in doing so. We desire to conduct our inquiry in a spirit friendly to 
 all. We are bouu'l to get the best evidence as to facts we can. We 
 have heard some things, but we should like to hear what you have to 
 say as well as others. It is a principle of law and justice that if the 
 best evidence is withheld by any party, less satisfactory evidence may 
 be admitted. And it will remain then for those who give money to 
 support the work to form their own conclusions as to the actual state 
 of the case. 
 
 VIII. We should have much desired that Mr. Duncan should have 
 been present when we met, and spoke with you. You know that we 
 have done our best to secure his presence. As he is expected here 
 shortly he will see what we have said. And we shall be ready to meet 
 him with you, and discuss with him any matters referred to here by us 
 which he may desire to bring forward. If he does not arrive before we 
 have to leave, we shall be very sorry. 
 
 IX. In conclusion, we would ask you to consider carefully one 
 question. We all want peace, true, scriptural, and permanent peace. 
 You have learnt by experience that some of your regulations for the 
 government of your community have brought you into conflict with the 
 law of the land. You must see that it will be impossible in the long 
 run to carry out such regulations. The longer- the contest continues 
 
r 
 
 32 
 
 the more clearly will you learn this. If you examine the Word of God 
 you will fuul that it luiuls no conutenance to the attempt to over-ride by 
 rules the consciences of your fellow-Christians, 
 
 We would therefore ask you, solemnly, and most kindly, whether you 
 will not cease to impose or attempt to enforce such reguiaiions as your 
 brethren and fellow-Christians cannot conform to without doing violence 
 to their consciences ? Nothing more than tliis, we believe, is required 
 to restore peace and harmony at Metlnkatla, 
 
 (Signed) J. G. Touch. 
 „ W. R. Blackett. 
 
 April SOth, 1886. 
 
 To Mr. David Lcask, for the Indians of Mctlakatla attached to 
 Mr. Duncan. 
 
 
 APPENDIX D. 
 Copt of Letter to David Leask for Indians, disatowino ant 
 
 INTENTION of IMPUTING UNWORTHT MOTIVES IN OUR LkTTEU 
 
 of the 30th April, 1886, read at tue Meeting on that 
 
 DATE. 
 
 Metlakatla, May 3rd, 18S6. 
 
 Dear Friends, — Mr. Tomlinson tells us that he understands a part 
 of our letter read to you last Friday as implying a charge of fraud 
 against Mr. Duncan. 
 
 This is entirely a mistake, and we trust none of you will be misled 
 by it. The terms of the letter imply no such charge, and we do not 
 think that reasonable men would so interpret them. 
 
 We quoted certain rules and practices of the Society concerning 
 accounts with its agents. These are facts within our own knowledge. 
 It is quite possible that Mr. Duncan may not have been acquainted with 
 them. Perhaps he was not even asked for any accounts. This we 
 do not know. But we do know that the rules exist. We quoted them 
 only to show, as we stated, that the Mission, with all connected with if, 
 was the Mission of the Church Missionary Society. 
 
 We have no suspicion whatever that Mr. Duncan misused or in any 
 way misapplied the funds entrusted to his care. On the contrary, wo 
 believe he used them strictly and wisely for your benefit, and in a 
 manner probably which the Society would heartily approve. But this 
 does not alter the fact that those funds came to him as an agent of the 
 Church Missionary Society. On this subject v.'e felt that we had to 
 remove a misapprehension from your minds. 
 
 However, these are all matters relating to the past, and have not 
 much bearing upon the question for the present. That question is 
 simply this. Whether you will for the future, in accordance with the 
 Word of God, "live peaceably with all men," specially with your 
 brethren who do not in all things agree with you. 
 
 (Signed) J. G. Touch. 
 
 „ W. R. Blackett. 
 
 To Mr. David Leask, for the Christian Indians at Metlakatla 
 attached to Mr. Duncan. 
 
3rd of God 
 /or-rido by 
 
 hethcr you 
 ns as your 
 ng violence 
 is required 
 
 ICII, 
 ACKETT. 
 
 ittached to 
 
 )WINO ANT 
 
 R Lkttkk 
 
 ON THAT 
 
 'd, 18S6. 
 ands a part 
 50 of fraud 
 
 1 be misled 
 we do not 
 
 concerning 
 knowledge, 
 tinted witli 
 This wo 
 uoted them 
 ted with it, 
 
 or in any 
 
 )ntrary, wo 
 
 t, and in a 
 
 But this 
 
 Tent of the 
 
 we had to 
 
 1 have not 
 :|uestion is 
 je with the 
 
 with your 
 
 UCH. 
 ACKETT. 
 
 Metlakatla 
 
 88 
 
 APPENDIX E. 
 
 Copy of Note to Mk. Tomlinson, infohmino iiim op our Letter 
 TO David Leask of the same date. 
 
 " Metlakatla, 3rfZ May, 1886. 
 Dear Mr, Tomlinson. — Adverting to what you said at tho 
 meeting, on Friday evening, and to what passed at our interview yester- 
 day, wo have written to David Leask, as tho representative of tho 
 Indians, disavowing any intention of imputing unworthy motives to 
 Mr. Duncan, and assuring them that we have no suspicion of anything 
 of the kind. We are quite willing to be judged by the actual tenor 
 of our letter, but as you informed us that they did look upon the letter 
 as reflecting on his character, we thought it well to adopt this obvious 
 means of removing, if possible, the misapprehcnsioa. 
 
 We are, yours very truly, 
 
 (Signed) J. G. Touch. 
 
 „ W. R. Blackbtt. 
 
 Tho Rev. R. Tomlinson, 
 Metlakatla. 
 
 APPENDIX P. 
 Lp:tter op David Leask for the People op Metlakatla. 
 
 Metlakahtla, British Columbia, 
 
 May 4th 1886. 
 
 Dear Sins, — In your first interview with us, you would have misled 
 us into the belief that you had come from the Society seeking reliable 
 information to enable them to decide upon a course of action. Your 
 second communication shows us that this was not the intention of the 
 Society, for they had already made up their minds as to how they 
 would act in the only two matters which really concerned us and them 
 and stood in the way of peace being restored, so that any discussion of 
 matters in conference woul 1 have been so much time wasted. 
 
 You tell us the Society will not give up the two acres, and you refer 
 ns to some " decisions," as you are pleased to call them, but what are 
 in reality only the opinions of individual Government officers, and then 
 boldly assert we can have no claim on these two acres. The God of 
 Heaven who created man upon the earth, gave this land to our fore- 
 fathers, some of whom once lived on this very two acres, and we have 
 received the land by direct succession from them. No man-made law 
 can justly take from us the gift of Him who is the source of ail true 
 law and justice. Relying on this, the highest of all titles, we claim 
 our land, and notify the Society through you its deputies to move oif 
 the two acres. 
 
 But you tell us it is not only to maintain the Society's claim to the 
 two acres that they refuse to leave Metlakahtln. They wish to continue 
 the division among us. The Society, you tell us, cannot sanction tho 
 principles adopted by us that religious unity is necessary to civil unity, 
 
 ■ 
 
34' 
 
 { 
 
 end even dares to toll ns that this principle is contrary to God's Word. 
 Plow you can reconcile this last assertion with the history of God's 
 people of old as recorded in God's Word, and with other portions of 
 the blessed Scripture, we are at a loss to imagine. You stand forth us 
 the champion of disunion, civil and religious. 
 
 Ever since the disruption, we have been credited with being the 
 cause of the existence and continuance of the dissension among us. 
 Now, at last, the truth has come to light, and it is clear to all men 
 that to the Society, and the Society alone, belongs this proud distinction. 
 For by leaving Metlakahtla, the Society can at once and completely 
 put an end to the dissension. 
 
 For unity we came hercj for unity we remained here, and for unity 
 we are prepared to contend to the las^. God inclined our hearts while 
 we were si ill in the midst of the striies and divisions at our old heathen 
 villages to accept this principle. God has blessed us acting on this 
 principle, and God will help and defend ua contending fur this 
 principle. 
 
 You say we have separated from the Society. We never by any 
 promise or agreement joined the Society. It is quite true the Society 
 sent out and suppoi-ted our teachers — we remember thi", ^nd feel grate- 
 ful to them for it ; but this does not bring us into connection with tlio 
 Society. The money was not the Society's, but the contribution of 
 Christians to God, to aid in the spread of His Gospel. Does the Society 
 for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, which is also supported by 
 contribution, claim any right over or connection vfjkh those animaln 
 which by the help of their paid agents they have rescued from torture ? 
 If not, why should the Church Missionary Society claim any such 
 right in, or connection with its converts ? Again, you speak to us as 
 if we had left the Church of England. We were not asked to join the 
 Church of England when we came to Metlakahtla, nor when we came 
 forward for baptism, though we were visited at various times by 
 ministers of that Church, who baptized many of us, yet none of the.sc 
 asked us to join the Church of England. 
 
 The first time we were asked to join the Church of England was 
 when the Society decided that the Lord's Supper must be introduced 
 among us with the ceremonial of the Church of England. At once wo 
 objected to join the Church of England or any other denomination, 
 preferring to be an independent Native Church, with power to regulate 
 our ceremonial in accordance with God's Word, and as best suited our 
 needs. 
 
 Our statement in our former letter, that the Society proposed to 
 make changes and bring us into direct connection with the Church of 
 England, and that it was the attempt to force this upon us which 
 caused the disruption, is simply in accordance with the facts, and your 
 attempt to explain it away only shows how ignorant you are of these 
 facts and the position assumed by the Society in the matter. 
 
 You say we have been deprived of the Lord's Supper. It is not so. 
 No one has ever done this. The way the Society and its agents have 
 been and are acting, has made us hesitate to adopt the rite, not from 
 forgctfulncss of our blessed Lord's command, but because through love 
 
Jod's Word, 
 y of God's 
 portions of 
 find forth aa 
 
 being tlio 
 among us. 
 to all raon 
 distinction, 
 completoly 
 
 I for unity 
 learts while 
 old healhcu 
 ng on this 
 g for this 
 
 irer by any 
 
 ;he Society 
 1 feel grafe- 
 m witli the 
 ribution of 
 
 the Society 
 pported by 
 )se animals 
 )m torture ? 
 1 any such 
 ik to us as 
 
 to join the 
 m we came 
 IS times by 
 ae of these 
 
 ti gland was 
 introduced 
 
 At once wo 
 
 nomination, 
 to regulate 
 
 t suited our 
 
 sroposed to 
 3 Church of 
 a us which 
 ',s, and your 
 ire of these 
 
 It is not so. 
 a.gents have 
 e, not from 
 1 rough love 
 
 35 
 
 and respect for Him wo would not lot this His procious gift bo mixed 
 up in tho controversy. When our God in His own good time has 
 restored us to unity and peace, wo can consider tho subject and intro- 
 duce tho rito among us in tho way most nearly according with what is 
 written. 
 
 Again, you tell us that because wo are not in connection witli any 
 other Society, you see no guarantee that the present state of things 
 will be permanent. We see the highest guarantee in such beautiful 
 promises as that which was a source of such comfort to St. Paul, when 
 he says, " My God shall supply all your need," and while we recognize 
 the truth that God often uses human means, wo have the highest 
 warranty of Scripture that He is not only not dependent on them, but 
 sometimes even refuses to use them. 
 
 Your reflection on Mr. Duncan's conduct while in connection with 
 the Society, excited in us a feeling of painful surprise that two Chris- 
 tians, sent out by a Christian Society, could come out all the way 
 from England, and in his absence try to damage the chara"ter of one 
 whose services God has so signally acknowledged. In your letter of 
 yesterday you have, we are happy to say, explained a part of what you 
 originally said, but you still cling to your unfounded assertion that 
 \ie are indebted to the Society, and not to Mr. Duncan, for the existence 
 of the various industries established among us. We know better, and 
 so mere assertion goes for nothing. 
 
 You say the Society still cares for us, and is anxious to do all it can 
 for our benefit, low has it shown its interest in us ? By bringing ships- 
 of-war and Government officials to overawe us; by dragging us before 
 courts and magistrates ; by fining and imprisoning some of us ; by 
 upholding and supporting everything they have seen to be objectionable 
 to us, and by refusing to do any one thing wo asked for. We do 
 not call this love and care, but persecution. 
 
 By distinctly refusing to give up our land or remove from Met- 
 lakahtla the Society has taken away the need to further discuss matters, 
 and we wish this letter to close the correspondence. 
 
 We believe the time for conferring about or 
 
 discussing 
 
 matters 
 obtain tho 
 
 has passed, and the time for deciding how best we can 
 object we have in view has arrived. 
 
 From the people of Metlakatla, and signed for them by 
 
 David Leask. 
 Major-General J. G. Touch, 
 Rev. W. R. Blackett, 
 
 Metlakahtla. 
 
 Metlakahtla, British Columbia, 
 
 May 4th, 1886. 
 To the Church Missionary Society, of Salisbury Square, London, 
 England, its deputies, agents, and all others who may have power to 
 act for it. 
 
 NOTICE. 
 
 We, the people of Metlakahtla, hereby notify you to move off and 
 
 K -2 
 
36 
 
 leave that part of tho village Bite of Motlakahtla oomin only known as 
 MiHsion Point, as wo cannot consent to your occupying this porlion 
 of our laud to be a coutiuual source of disquiet and annoyance to uiu- 
 villago. 
 
 Signed for the people of Mctlakahtla, 
 
 Daniel Neasiikumkukm. *' his mark. 
 
 John Tait, 
 
 ROOEUT Hkw- 
 
 TuoMAS !Neasulaiiqsii, X his mark. 
 
 i 
 
 APPENDIX G. 
 Copt. — Fuom the Rev. R. Tomlinson. 
 
 Me/lakahtia, May ifh, 188G. 
 
 Dear Sms, — I have pcen your letter to David Leask explaining tlio 
 sense in which you wish your words respecting Mr. Duncan's manage- 
 ment of tho Society's funds to he understood. 
 
 As you have adopted this formal manner of contradicting what to 
 the people and myself seemed to be their plain meaning, we gladly 
 accept your interpretation. At the same time I cannot help feeling 
 surprised and grieved that, on a point of so much importance you are ho 
 ignorant as not even to know whether the Society asked for any accounts, 
 and that without taking the least pains to enlighten yourselves, you 
 gave utterance in a public meeting to a statement which, had you 
 examined into the matter, you would have known to be unfounded. 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 
 ROBEllT TOMLINSON. 
 
 Major-General J. G. Touch, 
 Rev. W. R. Blackett, 
 
 Mctlakahtta. 
 
 APPENDIX H. 
 
 Letter from the Rev. R. Tomlinson. 
 
 Metlakahtla, May ith, 1886. 
 Dear Sirs, — In the accompanying letter of the Indians, I find the 
 statement "that they had never been asked to join the Church of 
 England." It might well be a question how this could be consistent 
 with the fact that from the first they had been under the instruction 
 of those who were members of the Church of England, and sent out 
 by the Society as such. As one who was for many years a missionary 
 of the Society, and for some eleven of those years the only ordained 
 missionary attached to the Society's North Pacific Mission, I would 
 lieg leave to lay before you some quotations from the Society's Annual 
 Letters to tho missiouarics, from which it will appear that such a 
 
37 
 
 y known ns 
 Ilia portion 
 liico to uiir 
 
 hia mark. 
 
 is mark. 
 
 A, 188G. 
 iiiniiig tlio 
 8 mniiairc- 
 
 g wliat to 
 we gladly 
 2lp feeling 
 you are so 
 yaccoiint.s, 
 elves, you 
 
 I, had 
 iinded. 
 
 you 
 
 LINSON. 
 
 i, 1886. 
 I find (ho 
 /hurch of 
 consistent 
 3struction 
 
 eent out 
 lissionary 
 
 ordained 
 , I would 
 H Annual 
 t such a 
 
 result was not only compatiblo with conflistency on tho part of the 
 uiisMio firies, but even in direct harmony with the views of the Society 
 at the time. Those quotations are marked A. B. C, and are from tho 
 Annual Letters of 1876, 1877, 1878. To these I add an extract 
 from a letter of mine to the Committee, dated Ankihtlast, Aug. 28tl), 
 1882, and written before I left tho Society. It is marked D. Tliis 
 extract is but an epitome of the principles which actuated me while 
 in connection with the Society. Nothing was introduced which was 
 in any way contrary to the doctrine and practice of the Church of 
 England, while at the same time wo always considered tho Native 
 Christians had the right to choose, whenever they might wish to do 
 so, such rules, orders, and ceremonial as was consistent with the 
 Word of God and for their bfinefit. Of course, it was understood that 
 whenever they did i .> they would be forming themselves into a Native 
 Church, and must not count upon further help from the Society. 
 
 We followed the example of the Apostle Paul, — himself a member 
 of the Jewish Church, and sent out by that Church, but establishing 
 independent Native Churches at the various scenes of his labours. 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 
 Robert Tomlinson. 
 
 Major-General J. G . Touch, 
 
 Rev. W. R. Blackett, 
 
 Mtitlakahtla. 
 
 QUOTATIONS REFERRED TO. 
 
 A. — Annual Letter. Church Missionary House, Sept. Sth, 1876. 
 •' The time seems to have come when Native Christian indepen- 
 dence may be still further extended. . . . We would therefore suggest 
 tiiiit missionaries should represent this subject to their Native brethren, 
 especially to the leading laymen amongst them. Let the idea become 
 familiar with tbem. Let the lay delegates of the Church Councils 
 have it frequently brought before them, and should any circumstances 
 arise indicating the advantage of Church independence, let the Church 
 Committees and District and Federal Church Councils at once take 
 action. A general request from Native Christians in any Mission for 
 an independent Native Church would be irresistible." 
 
 B. — Annual Letter. Church Missionary House, Oct. 1st, 1877. 
 
 " But while as members of the Church of England, the Committee 
 and the Society generally desire to act in strict obedience to the laws 
 of that Church, as well as in confoi mity with its spirit, they must 
 protest against the same restrictions being imposed on those Native 
 Christians in various foreign countries whom it has pleased God to 
 bring to the profession of faith in Christ through the Society's 
 instrumentality. 
 
 "What the Committee wish to see in those converts is not submis- 
 sion to the Church of England, but the desire for and ultimately tho 
 attachment to an independent Church of their own. The Society's 
 oltject is the glory of God in the evangelization of the heathen, and 
 not the aggrandizement of the English Church. At the same timo 
 
 . " ,ir., 
 
.1 
 
 :|i 
 
 wmsmmmmi 
 
 38 
 
 they regard it a3 moie honourable to the Church of England to be tie 
 mother of independeut children than to be the mistress of subject 
 communities." 
 
 C. — Annual Letter. Church Missionary HousCy Oct. \st, 1878. 
 *' This independence of European help will necessarily involve in- 
 dependence of coercive European control. Of this we must not be 
 afiaid. Our object is not the extension of the English Church. lu 
 many fields such an object would be absolutely unattainable. . . . The 
 connection therefore between the Church of England and those Native 
 Ciiristian congregations which have been formed through the labours 
 of the Church Missionary Society's missionaries must be regarded as 
 provisional and temporary. The ultimate relation will resemble, pro- 
 bably, that which is cherished in the Protestant Episcopal Church in 
 the United States — fraternal or even filial affection — but not the 
 smallest approach to subordination." 
 
 D. — Extract from a letter of Rev. R. Tomlinson to the Committee, 
 dated Ankihtlast, Aug. 2Hth, 1 882. 
 
 " My efforts among these poor people from the first have been to 
 teach them the simple Gospel, to lead them to study their Bibles, to 
 encourage and help them to rise out of their physical as well as moral 
 degradation, and to advance their temporal interests. I studiously 
 avoided drawing their attention to church or sectarian divisions or 
 dissensions, and aimed chiefiy at uniting them in the closest bonds to 
 fight against heathenism and thrse temptations which their position 
 exposes them to." 
 
 t ■■ 
 
 1 '< 
 
 APPENDIX I. 
 Letter to the Rev. R. Tomlinson. 
 
 Metlakatla, 2(jth May, 1886. 
 
 Dkati Siu, — We have deferred a reply to your two letters of tiie 
 4th inst. until we had an interview with M'.-. Duncan, and now wo 
 desire to remove certain misapprehensions wl. 'ch these letters disclose. 
 
 1. Referring to that which is a reply to ours of the 3rd inst., we 
 observe that you have misunderstood our statement regarding the 
 application for accounts. 
 
 The allegation we made was that the rule of the Society req'uret' 
 Mr. Duncan to render accounts of the money he collected for tiio 
 church, the stores, and the industries, as well as other operations of 
 the Mission, in refutation of statements nii\de before the Government 
 Commission and apparently believed by the. i>idinr.3. 
 
 We were aware that account? had been furnished in connection with 
 cei'^ain operations of the Mission, but on taking over the books o\ the 
 Society from Dr. Praeger at Victoria, under instructions fi'om Salisbury 
 Square, we found that the twelve leaves of one of the Society's bookf, 
 whicli, from the index, wc learned cojilaiued the account of " the 
 
 I 
 
89 
 
 (1 to bo t!;o 
 of subject 
 
 St, 1878. 
 nvolve in- 
 ust not bo 
 hurch. In 
 . . The 
 lose Native 
 the labours 
 egarded as 
 euible, pro- 
 Church iu 
 ut not the 
 
 mmittee, 
 
 ive been to 
 Bibles, to 
 ill as moral 
 studiously 
 ivisions or 
 t bonds to 
 lir position 
 
 11/, 1886. 
 .ters of the 
 id now wo 
 rs disclose, 
 d inst., we 
 irding the 
 
 iy req'iire<l 
 ed for tlio 
 erations of 
 rovernmeut 
 
 jction with 
 •oks or the 
 1 Salisb^uy 
 iy's books, 
 t of <' the 
 
 secular fund," had been cut out, and we were not aware whether that 
 account had been rendered or whether at any time during the years 
 since 1857 it had been called for. 
 
 We wrote at Victoria for information, and all the original accounts 
 rendered reached us by the last mail ; neither the accounts of the secular 
 fund nor of any of the industries appear to be included. The statement 
 we made was not based on the fact that the accounts were or were not 
 rendered or called for, bui on the rule which required they should be 
 rendered, and it was not, therefore, as you suppose unfounded — the 
 fact alleged is unquestionable. 
 
 2. Adverting to your other letter of the 4th inst., which accompanied 
 the letter from the Indians of the same date, we observe that you have 
 misunderstood the purport of the extracts from the Annual (circular ?) 
 Letters appended to your letter under reply. 
 
 Yra will see by the terms of these extracts that they are designed to 
 encourage the development of independence in the Native Churches, 
 and you have apparently overlooked the very important fact that the 
 independence encouraged is that of the converts gathered out from 
 among the heathen whom the Society desire to see self-supporting and 
 self-governing, and not of the European miosionary in their employ, who 
 is, of course, under the same obligations as when he entered the service 
 of the Society, whatever may be the condition of the Native Church. 
 
 No Native Church which has to be governed by foreign missionaries 
 and supported, even in part, by external aid, has attained the condition 
 referred to. You will also observe that in referring to the organiza- 
 tion of Native Churches in the Society's Missions, the letters contem- 
 plate Church Committees, District ^^d Federal Church Councils, &c., 
 with a number of Native pastorates and Native pastors, as »t present 
 existing in the more advanced Missions unuo»* the Church Missionary 
 Society, and not a Mission in the condition of the Metlakatla Mission, 
 in which there is no ordained Native pastor. 
 
 However incipient may be the condition of a body of >7 ■ ^.ive converts, 
 the Society cannot prevent them from leaving the Soc'ety if ihey 
 choose, but such an unusuel contingency is not contemplaled. 
 
 The letter of the Indians expresses a wish that it uh >uld close the 
 correspondence, and its tone and tenor, which we greatly regret, render 
 I "dvisable to comply with that wish. 
 
 We are, yours very truly, 
 
 (Signed) J. G. Touch. 
 „ W. E. Blackett. 
 
 The Sev. R. Tomlinson, Metlakatla. 
 
 APPENDIX J. 
 
 Lettkr from the Rev. R. Tomlinson, delivered on board the 
 s.s. " B, BoscowiTz" on June 4, 188G. 
 
 Jvne 2nd, 1886. 
 Dear Sirs,— The ground which you appear to take in yours of the 
 '20tli ult. UH regards the accounts is that " the rule of the Society 
 
f: 
 
 ! 
 
 40 
 
 required Mr. Duncan to render accounts of the money he collected for 
 the church, the stores, the industries, as v/ell as other operations of 
 the missionary." You speak of the rule of the Society, but you do 
 not say when it was made or how long it has been in force. If the 
 rule was in force when Metlnkahtla was founded, then the whole conduct 
 of the Committee and Secretaries of the Society for over twenty years 
 in approving of these works and industries, and yet never once askinj^ 
 for accounts of expenditure on them while they received and accepted 
 the accounts for all Society's money expended during those years, shows 
 that the rule did not refer to such industries at all. But if the rule 
 you refer to is of later date, then the Committee and Secretar; »s \e\)t 
 it a profound secret, and now more than three years afte.- /'"^r. ". ""nu 
 has left the Society, it is brought to light for the first timt. i: :c.^^8 
 unnecessary to further discuss the matter, as when you le^ui-n to 
 London, where the accounts are, and consult with those who were 
 responsible, you will see that the position you have assumsd is simply 
 untenable. 
 
 As regards the extracts from the Annual Letters which I appended 
 to my letter of the 4ih ult., your position seems to be this, as far as I 
 can understand it. You admit the letters were intended <o encourage 
 independence in the Native Churches, but you say that they in no way 
 sanction the idea that these churches could continue to receive any 
 pecuniary help from the Society, or that the European missionaries 
 could be the heads of these independent Native Churches and yet 
 continue in the pay of the Society. This is exactly what we contend 
 the letters do mean, and it is what has occurred at Metlakahth,. The 
 Native Christians there decided to form an independent Native Church. 
 Tiiey expected all pecuniary help from the Soci*^ty to he discontinued 
 and were prepared to bear their own burdens. The formation of &v 
 independent Native Church by these Native Christians, while it did 
 not alter the position of any missionary at Metlakahtla towards the 
 Society, it necessitated his deciding whether he would at the request 
 of these Christians give up the Society and his salary and become their 
 minister, or continue a missionary of the Society, and seek the sphere 
 of labour the Society might point out. In neither case did it jnsti^} 
 the Society or him in opposing or thwarting the action of these Native 
 Christians. When you have an opportunity of reading the letters in 
 full, from which the extracts were ta!:en, you will bo able to jud;' • 
 how little the reference to Church Councils, &f!., which only occurs v. 
 one letter, has to say to the matter as a whole, although you seem i 
 base on it the idea that the letters cannot refer to Christians iu the 
 condition of those at Metlakahtla. 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 
 r.OUKcr TOMLINSON. 
 
 Major-General J. G. Touch. 
 Rev. W. R. Blackett. 
 
 
 To 
 
 SiR,- 
 the inq 
 sionary 
 the Gov 
 ceedingi 
 
 2. It 
 cognizai 
 advisabl 
 question 
 
 3. Oi 
 sionary 
 only no 
 make. 
 
 4. It 
 attachec 
 It was 
 David I 
 but we 
 redvioed 
 ^,:i'l M 
 
 i'-'C. ■ iec 
 ■■•i'tji-n 
 
 thl:. U^'J 
 
 0^ page 
 maintaii 
 the trUii 
 surveye 
 claim o 
 who tO( 
 Mission 
 pad alt 
 oljftruc 
 6. T 
 Noveml 
 operatit 
 meut h) 
 notice ( 
 Bruce i 
 
collected for 
 iperations of 
 but you do 
 •rce. If tlie 
 'hole conduct 
 wenty years 
 once askinj^ 
 rid accepted 
 years, shows 
 if the rule 
 etar'; >s kept 
 ;'•'■•. ". -au 
 I : : ; :-Jis 
 u lofuiu to 
 e who were 
 id is simply 
 
 I appended 
 as far as I 
 o encourage 
 y in no way 
 receive any 
 missionaries 
 ties and yet 
 we contend 
 ahtlt,. The 
 ive Church, 
 iiscontinued 
 lation of av 
 tvhilo it did 
 towards the 
 the request 
 )ccome their 
 the sphere 
 it jnsti^} 
 these Native 
 te letters in 
 lie to judj" • 
 ly occurs :. 
 'ou seem r 
 tians iu the 
 
 JMLINSON. 
 
 41 
 
 APPENDIX K. 
 
 To THE Provincial Secretary, Government op British 
 Columbia, Victoria. 
 
 June 7ih, 1886. 
 Sir, — Having during a six weeks' residence at Metlakahtla completed 
 the inquiry, to institute which we were sent out by the Church Mis- 
 sionary Society, we have the honour to submit, for the information of 
 the Government of Victoria, a copy of the record of our formal pro- 
 ceedings with the Indians attached to Mr, Duncan. 
 
 2. It may not be within the province of the Government to take 
 cognizance of much that is contained in that record; but we consider it 
 advisable that it should be furnished in a complete fona, in case of any 
 question arising in our absence as to any part of its contents. 
 
 3. Our intercourse with the Indians attached to the Church Mis- 
 sionary Society was unrestricted and informal, and of that we have 
 only notes to secure accuracy of statement in the report we have to 
 make. 
 
 4. It will be observed that at the second meeting with the Indians 
 attached to Mr. Duncan, the communication is iu the form of a letter. 
 It was desired that we should hand it over, after interpretation by 
 David Leask, to be discussed by the Indians in a meeting of their own ; 
 but we insisted on all our communications being vtvd voce (though 
 reduced to writing), and interpreted at least in the presence of Mrs. 
 f^C.}'] Morrison, whom they eventually preferred to accept as the inter- 
 liiLttjr. Their answers and questions were sent to us in writing, as 
 i'^c:' -Jed ; and it will be obvious that these communications do not 
 
 rl)vu the spontaneous expression of the opinion of the Indians, who 
 ii -iaro'l to us, as a body, quite incompetent to deal intelligently with 
 tht, n-'Jict. 
 
 5. We invite the attention of Government to the notice at the bottom 
 0^ page 41 of the record,'* from which it appears that the Indians still 
 maintain their claim to Mission Point, although Government has asserted 
 the trust for the Church Missionary Society by having the two acres 
 surveyed and demarcated since the Government Commission sat. The 
 claim of the Indians was also recently re-aseerted by Mr. Tomlinson, 
 who took objection to repairs beiiig made to the roof of the Church 
 Mission U6use, pending the settlement of the question. The repairs 
 ''ad alterations were executed, notwithstanding his threats of forcible 
 o[;f;truction by the refusal to allow the necessary lumber to be landed. 
 
 6. The Commission which assembled at Metlakahtla on the 14th 
 November, 1884, arranged that the minority should suspend building 
 operations, and both sides interference with one another, till Govern- 
 ment had decided the question at issue; and we desire to bring to the 
 notice of Government that the houses of both Moses Venn and Donald 
 Bruce are still iu the state they then were, and to request that Govern- 
 
 * This refers to the MS. The Notice is on page 35. 
 
 
 i \^'% 
 
I 
 
 i 
 
 42 
 
 ment may be pleased to Issue such instructions as will admit of these 
 men providing themselves, without molestation, with suitable habitations, 
 as they gi'eatiy complain' of the inconvenience to which the present 
 state of suspense snbjects them. May we respectfully request an early 
 decision on this point? 
 
 7. In the absence of Mr, Elliott, there appears to be no stipendiary 
 magistrate in the vicinity of Metlakahtla. 
 
 We have the honour to be, Sir, 
 
 Your obedient servants, 
 (Signed) J. G. Touch. 
 
 „ W. R. Blackett. 
 
 APPENDIX L. 
 
 To THE Right Honblk. Sir John Macdonald.K.C.B., D.C.L., Q.C., 
 Sdperintendent-General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa. 
 
 Sir, — Having in pursuance of instructions from the Committee of 
 the Church Missionary Society spent six weeks at Metlakatla for 
 the purpose of prosecuting an inquiry into the state of matters in that 
 Mission, we have the honour to submit a copy of the record of our 
 formal proceedings with the Indians attached to Mr, Duncan. 
 
 2. It may not be within the province of the Superintendent-General 
 to take cognizance of much that is contained in that record, but we 
 consider it advisable that it should be furnished in a complete form in 
 case of any question arising after we have left the country, as to any 
 part of its contents. A copy has also been forwarded to the Provincial 
 Government at Victoria. 
 
 3. Our intercourse with the Indians attached to the Church Mis- 
 sionary Society was unrestricted and informal, and of that we have 
 only notes to secure accuracy of statement in the report we have to 
 make. 
 
 4. It will be observed that at the ^eoond meeting with the 
 Indians attached to Mr. Duncan the communication is in the form of a 
 letter. It was desired that we should hand it over, after interpretation 
 by David Leask, to be discussed by the Indians in a meeting of their 
 own, but we insisted on all our communications being vivd voce (though 
 reduced to writing), and interpreted at least in the presence of Mrs, 
 Odill Morrison, whom they eventually preferred to accept as the 
 interpreter. Their answers and qu*^ stions were sent to us in writing 
 as recorded, and it will be obvious that these communications do not 
 contain the spontaneous expression of the opinions of the Indians, who 
 appeared to us as a body quite incompetent to deal with the subject. 
 
 5. We invite attention to the notice at page 40 of the record,* from 
 which it appears that the Indians still maintain their claim to Mission 
 Point, raised after the severance of Mr. Duncan from the Society, and 
 
 * This refers to the MS. The Notice is on page 35. 
 
 . 
 
43 
 
 aait of these 
 habitations, 
 the present 
 test an early 
 
 stipendiary 
 
 )ucir. 
 
 LACKETT. 
 
 •.C.L., Q.C., 
 
 FAWA. 
 
 >mmittee of 
 tlakatla for 
 ters iu that 
 cord of our 
 .n. 
 
 ent-General 
 rd, but we 
 ete form in 
 ', as to any 
 B Provincial 
 
 hurch Mis- 
 
 i.t we have 
 ive have to 
 
 5 with the 
 e form of a 
 terpretation 
 ng of their 
 oce (though 
 ice of Mrs. 
 cept as the 
 
 in writing 
 ons do not 
 idians, who 
 
 subject. 
 3ord,* from 
 
 to Mission 
 lociety, and 
 
 they press that claim, notwithstanding that the Provincial Government 
 has asserted the trust for the Church Missionary Society by having 
 the two acres surveyed and demarcated subsequent to the sitting of the 
 Government Commission which assembled at Metlakatia on the 14th 
 of November, 1884. The claim has also been recently re-asserted by 
 Mr. Tomlinson, who took objection to repairs and alterations being 
 made to the roof of the Church Mission House. The repairs and 
 alterations were cai'ried out, notwithstanding his threats of forcible 
 obstruction, and no obstruction was offered. We desire to point out 
 that the claim of the Indians to these two acres is based upon the 
 general principle asserted by them, that the fee simple of the land in 
 this country belongs to them by hereditary right. 
 
 6. It did not appear to us that the Indians themselves were much 
 moved by the land question, on which, as far as it affected the two 
 acres, we had to address them, and efforts made to excite them on that 
 subject to all appearance failed. Mr. Duncan, in our interview with 
 him in London before we left, informed us that if Mission Point were 
 not made over to the Indians by Government he would carry the 
 matter into court. At Metlakatia he informed us that the Dominion 
 Government were to try the question in the courts. 
 
 7. The Commission arranged that the minority should suspend 
 building on the reserve until Government had decided the question at 
 issue, and those who have for the long period which has since elapsed 
 been prevented from repairing and erecting suitable habitations on their 
 o.va holdings, complain greatly of the inconvenience which this state 
 of protracted suspense involves. 
 
 8. We venture to submit our opinion, after careful inquiry and 
 observation, and visits to Port Essington and Fort Simpson, and of one 
 of us to Kincolith, that the Indians if left to themselves would not 
 assume the attitude they do towards the Society and the Government. 
 Their bearing was generally very friendly, even after we had spoken 
 plainly on the question, and we would specially record our belief that 
 giving effect to the Indian Act at Metlakatia and the other stations of 
 the Society, and the appointment of a competent Indian agent to carry 
 out the law, would remedy the present evils arising from the fact that 
 in the absence of such authority, the self-constituted authority of 
 Mr. Duncan, to whom we ungrudgingly accord the credit of a great work 
 in former years for the benefit of the Indians, supersedes the 
 law of the land and imposes on the people conditions of remaining 
 in the village which appear to us to be oppressive and tyrannical, and 
 contrary to the principles of civil and religious liberty. We cannot 
 understand the reasonableness of his objection to the application of the 
 Indian Act on the ground of the advanced state of the Indians at 
 Metlakatia. This plea does not appear to us to be borne out by fact. 
 The early efforts of Mr. Duncan we acknowledge to have been 
 strikingly successfu!, but the effect of the policy now pursued is, and 
 must be, retrograde. 
 
 9. We do not undertake to predict what the effect of constitutional 
 government would be on the numbers who attach themselves to him, 
 as he has special inducements to offer them to remain with him, but 
 
i J 
 
 44 
 
 it is obvioua to ub tbat the eystera of boycotting, which any one who 
 leaves him has to endure, and the disadvantages to which he is sub- 
 jected, make it very difficult for the people to follow the dictates of 
 their own judgment and desires in making an election. 
 
 10. These difficulties are not bo great as they were, as the action 
 taken since the Government Commission sat has tended to restrain 
 the unwarrantable regulations and } enal acts of the present council, 
 which on its present footing, without any legal constitution, becomes 
 an engine of oppression and injustice, and in the absence of any sti- 
 pendiary magistrate, or of any Indian agent, exercises its sway, only 
 restrained when it so far exceeds the bouuds of justice uj to call for 
 special interposition. 
 
 11. The Indians at Kincolith, who appear to be quite loyal, earnestly 
 pleaded for some representative of Government to give tTect to the 
 arrangements as to the Reserve fixed by Mr. O'Reilly, with which 
 they are quite satisfied, as in the absence of such functionaiy, especially 
 during the season when there is a great concourse of Indians on the 
 Naas for hoolican fishing, peimanent residences are erected by Indiana 
 who have no claim to be on the Reserve, even on the gardens of the 
 Kincolith Indians; and the case of one white man, whom Mr. O'Reilly 
 warned to leave the Reserve, and who, after Mr. O'Reilly's departure, 
 extended his appropriation of ground, was cited. 
 
 12. They also pointed out that the amount of firewood used by the 
 concourse of Indians during the hoolican fishing, seriously told upon 
 Iheir own supply, and thus pleaded for some special forest-land on 
 Observatory Inlet to be. set apart to meet such abnormal requirements. 
 
 We have the houour to be, Sir, 
 
 Your most obedient servants, 
 (Signed) J. G. Touch. 
 
 „ W. R. Blackett. 
 
 Victoria, British Columbia, 
 8th June, 1886. 
 
Dy one who 
 h he is sub- 
 I dictates of 
 
 s the action 
 to restrain 
 
 sent council. 
 
 ion, becomes 
 of any sti- 
 
 ! sway, only 
 to call for 
 
 al, earnestly 
 ffect to the 
 with which 
 y, especially 
 dians on the 
 1 by Indians 
 rdens .of the 
 tfr. O'Eeilly 
 B departure, 
 
 used by the 
 ytold upon 
 rest-land on 
 ;iuirements. 
 
 UCH. 
 LACKKTT. 
 
-■ijpjy" j-» *