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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Stre re;troduit en un seul cliche, il est film6 d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. irrata to pelure, n d n 32X 1 2 O 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 E THE LAW RELATIHG TO EIECIITORS MD ADMINISTRATORS IN THE Province of Ontario. BY R. E. KINGSFORD, M.A.. LL.B., OK TORONTO, BARRISTER. TOKONTO : THE CARS WELL CO., Limited. 1900. EnttTwl ivccordiiig to Act of tit' Tarliaiiifiit (if Cjmada, in the office of till' Minister of Agriculture, in the year ( ne thousand nine hundred, by TiiK Carswkll CoMrANV, LlMIlKlt. PKINTRn BY THK CAnsWF.I.I. COMI'ANV, LiMITKK Al>EI.AII>K STIIKKT KAST 'I'OHONTO. PREFACE. *i, The lii'.v of Ontiirio relnting to executors and adiiiiiiis- trator.N is like all other hraiiclies of tlic law of this Proviiur foiiiuled upon that ol" Kngland. Tlie English law has hwn superseded to such an extent l)y local legislation that the more important matters with which executors and adminis- trators have to deal an- now regulated not hy ln)])erial stat- utes hut hy Provincial enact incuts. For instance, the Devo- lution of Kstate.-. Succession Duties, Investments hy Tnis- lees, the ManagenuMit of Kstates hy Trusts Corporations are nil |U-ovi.h'd for hy Ontario Acts. The standard English text hook is AVilliains on Executors, hut it is not easy to find out from it or any other Kngli>h text hook what is law in Ontario ami what is not. The present volume is an at- tempt to satisfy tln> want as far as concerns the law relating to executors and adaiinistrators. T have had in view also in the arrangement of the l)ook a contrihution towards a codification of the law. It is i)o>- Pihle ])y collating the statute law and the common law as laid down in text hooks and in rej.orts of cases to comj)ile a fairly complete statement of the law as it exists with regard to any given which are numhered. If these paragraphs correctly state the law and do not omit essential points, it is evid<.nt that some advance towanls codification has heen nuule. I would he glad to think that my efforts in this direction have heen i)ariially sncces>fnl. The reader will find nothing in these pages dealing with the mode of making a will or as to the mode of pro vinj: a IV J'KKKACE.. will. Wliiif I iutt'inl to supply, if pos-siMc, is -iidi iut'onim- tliili iis will >tii((' tl.c couist' nl' prnccdlirc to lie ji(l(»pt('(| ill unliiiiirv roiitiiir liy an I'xciiitur or iiii !iiliiiiiii«triit(»r in dciil- inir with mii fstati'. 'I'lic issue (it' tlii* wnrls jiii^ Iktm dfliivcd in order to iiiclndc iclVrnicc to the Act.- o| the Locid i.c^islat iiic of Oiitiurio f<.r l!Mi(i. Till' (iix' iiiw nd'circd to cmlii'iiccs hotli Knli and (anadian di'(i-ion>. A -rlcctcd leading case on uliicli I'acli parai:i'apli (d' the trxt i- liax'd is ;:iv('ii at tlic end of tin' ]iara;:rapli for wliicli it i- the authority. If the para,i:rap'' iii(liid(.-, a> it often do( >, uio-rc than one propo>ition, the cax' statcil (Ui^dit to put the reader in the u ly of traein;^ (itJier eae cited does not directly apply. I have lieeii foriuiuUe ill olitainiiii:' the perniis>i(Ui of ^Ir. Harry N'ii^coii. of 'i'oroiito. [-".('..V., i delivered iiv him iiefore the In-titute of o Chartereil Acc furni-heil a >et of «:>taiL' accounts as a model. .Vppeiidices are added (oiitainiii'i' M'lected rules of Court, the authorized (iovernnn'iit l{e.L:ulatioii> under the Succes- >ion huty .\ct and one or two more important statutes. i\ taMi' oi ca«es and index are ,iiefid to the Le^al I'rofe.-.-ioii, as well as to those who have the couraiie to undertake the thankless oflice of executor ;ind trustee'. K. K. KIN(;SFOKn. Toronto. .Iiilv. liiiiu. CONTENTS. o U':ll -- I'Adi;. PniM-Aci: ... ,, 111. I Aiii.i: III.- C \> ^^'^ IX. Co-KxH'iitors . . ,.,1 • U'J \ Application in cas. s whore .^iiccesHion |),iii„.s are i)ayalilc ... r... ' i,\ XI. l''ironeoiis i'rcsiimption of !), alh -\ XII. Appointment ot new Trustei 7,; PART II. ru.srr,,H I. Property devolvinK up.m Kxcnlors and AdniiniF;trators under the Dovolution of Kstates Act -,j II. Land as Assets j,,., III. Personal Property dovoIvinK nn Kxmitors or Administrators i^o IV. pDwir and Aiithoiity ],-,| V. Esiate of p:xecutor and Administrator ]-,r, VI. Exoneration of the Real Estate liv the '''^••^"""> ■ Iti2 Ml. Marshalling Assets jg;^ P.ART III Chapthk I. nuties of Executor.. ,7, 1- Pnneral ' ^^^ 2. Inyentory .".. Registration of Will ^-., 4. Insurance of Property ,-~^ •">. Payment of Taxes ,-. ti. Collection of Assets 175 7. Payment of Siircpssion Duties •■•••••• ^^-^ 8. Payment of Debts 211 VI CONTKNTS. I'AIIK. CiiAi'Ti-.ii II. K.statoH of InHolvt'iif D^'fonficd Pt-rsons 221 III. Of the liiil)ility of the lOxeiutDr or AdmiiiiB- trator in respect of the acts of Deceased. 2:i3 IV. Pa.vment of !.,eKacics 2;i5 V. Count ruction Sections of Wills Act 2S4 VI. Payni.Mit of the Residue 3(17 VII. Duties and Powers with respect to Children of Deceased ^ 311 ' VIII. Distribution ^ince 1st July. 18S(i 318 IX. Liability of an ICxccutor or Administrator with respec t to his ow n acts ?5'j X. hlal)ility of an Kxecutor or Administrator with respect to his own tortious or negligent acts 35t! PART IV. Chapter I. Remedies for Kxecutors or Administrator?... 377 (1) Executors as Trustee.'^ 377 (2) Petitions for Advice 378 II. Matters affecting Procedure 387 Extracts from Lecture on Executorship Accounts by Mr. Harry Vigeon, F.C.A 414 Specimen Accounts of an Estate 423 APPENDICES. I. Colonial Probate Act 433 II. Selet; 377 377 378 ;?87 414 423 . . 433 . . 43H . . 44"i . . 440 . . 450 .. 452 . . 4()1 .. 471 ;t. 474 .. 481 Alihott V. Miis.si_. 704 A liH'j V. Ni'wnum 231 Ackeiley v. Vernon 864 Ar 7;{2 Raker v. Stuart 991; Raldvvin v. Kingstone 10,9 Rally V. Wells (;42 Rank of Monacal v. Rowers .. 45! In the goods of Rarker t;(), 83, si Re Rarker ,^,^8 Rarker v. Greenwood 931 Rarringtons Settlement, Re .1173 Rarton v. Hassard 1141 Rate V. Robins 1 109 Rateman v. Hcitchkins 41,7 In the goods of Raylis i.', Beard v. Ketchum 1201 Heatty v. Haldan 103 Reatty v. Shaw 232. 253 Reaufort v. Dnndonald 819 Reaiimont v. Olivera 472 Reeher v. Hoare 852 In the goods of Reggla r2 Begley v. Cook |(/.",i Rennet v. Rennet 1015 Rernal v. Rernal 899 Bernanl v. Minshull 884 I viii TAIII.K OK CASKS. Ill li II III I ^ nil .25a llclliiiiio V. Kciiiu'dy .. llliii'UltdronKh v. DuvIh lUiiKnivi' V. Mlamavc . HInkc V. Mliiki' Ulakf V, KiilKhl Hlaml \ . Laiiil) MlilSSOtI V. lilllh.MiII Ul«'fkir V. White UlriikliiHoi) V. Kostor UldWt'C V. .Moi Tft Hook V. I look Hootli s Tnists. lit* Hoxall V. Ildxall 1 toys' Iloiiit' V . Lf'Wis Hral)aiit v. Laloiulo Uradlcv v. .Morgan Uradlcy v. Wilson Lord Hraylirookc v. .■Mly-Ocli. . lii-p.iry. Uc Ill tho Kooils of Ilricsnian HriKKK V. Roopc Mroadlnirst v. Halgiiy Hi'ookc. R<' Urookt' V. Haynu-s Brooke v. Lr-wis MrookiiiM; v. .IfiiniiiKs Jlrookcs V. Stroud' Uroomc v. Moiwk Hrothwo.id V. KoeliiiK In the Koods of Hiowii Hr'iwii V. Farnrs .... Burtc.n V. White Butler. Re Byani v. Sutton Bydc V. Byde 777 1041 i2r.8 VMi 'jr.j l(«)7 711 120(1 ta:, 22.'. 2'.! l.-,t> .11)11 1»67 c.r.it t;7.". r.2H 2 Mi 7 ti2 112S lil92 i;{2 7ti»l 102 1187 t;r)2 •JTl 10 lo;!S r.77 !».-.:{ ISfi 1018 10ti7 840 889 887 471 332 711 Camden v. Fletcher 173 Cameron, Re BOO til iitiriiiiniiiliM. (^aiiuron v. B*>thuno 1H)2 Canicion \. Canipli'll 1I»»H Cameron v. (Jih.son 307 Cameron v. Harper 290 Cameron v. I'hilllp.s 127>> In the goods of Camphell Ml Caiiiphell V. I>unn A'tO Camplxdl V. McKerrlcher .... f(57 Re Caiiaillan I'acilli R. W Co. Af National Chil) 2ri7. i'.j'.t Candy v Cainpliell 9'»;{ Re Cannon, Oalts v. Cannon .12ri2 Challen^,'('i' V. S'ie|ipiiid !»;!:: Chainheiiain v. Clarkt ."ilM. r.!t7. till Cliatnhers v. Howell .. -12' Chard v. Itae 4'.» Chatti.ld V. Berehtoldl 49u Re ChilliM.in 977 Re Cigala r.ls Chisholm v. Uaiiiaid llfil Claike V, I'aikir 701, 7o:: Clarke V. Sewfll 7<(it Clarke'.H Tmsis, Re fi9»i Clements v Reynolds 12tt:i Clive V. CliU' >'21 C'oatsworth v. Carson lOr.l CoghiU V. Freelove (;4'i Cole V. Scult 8l)^ Collier v. Rivaz Ifil Collins V. Croueh . . *i4'.i Collinson v. Lister 1ti9" Colville V. Middleton 2m Conihiitt V. Soane 77^ Cooke V. Turner (197 Coote V. Whittington 17*^ Cope, Rf lOi Copeli ud V. Stephens fi.■^ Conron v. Clarkson L'> Re Coutts !iT: Coventry v. Coventry 2sV Cowner v. Fletcher 241 Cox V. navies 84." Cox V. Peacock 12'/' ( 'rawfnrd v. Lundy 8 3 Crewe-Read v. Cape Breton ..12."2 j^ Re Dili Do Doe Do.' Doe Do. D( D.I.- Don Dor; I>o.i Dow Doyl -Duni TAIILK oh ( AhKS. iX Hi (rirnr. x tirr In /(ilci/i/t (»;)/l/*. (•n)l.y V. \Vfl,ci\ for Iri'lanI TiO.; CtiiiiiiiinK « l.amliil Criilii Co. .'. ii^iii, iir.s CiimiinKliani v Murray IM.'. Ciiiinitiuliani v. Scyniour Iiu5 C III tlif Ki.ofls of Ciirrt^y I!ti haKlty V. Talffrry Kavtiipoft V. Slaffonl Davidson v. Konin**!" Davis V. ChuiiltT . . . 7u;i inn -l-oS (! I Davis V. IMvls ^Ul Davics v. F^o"t\ on 1 I:5k itavis V. Thoiiiah SM Df( rii • V. TorrinKton W.i Di'iiisoii \\ Di'iiisoii 1 H»l I'l tlic iiooiis .if Dt'sliais . i'l" 111' 'ilH'iniuiiU's V. Dc Honntval s:'.7 Di" 'Irafford v. Tcmix'sl Or),'* III tlif goods of Dickson -1- \if DiRKes. (Jn'Kory v. Kdnion- son I'll Dilion v. F'arkcr S'.T. S'.'7 Dud. Is V. A. O. r. W :'.r)'i Doc d I.y.in V I,t'Kf> 'J,T,\ ])!)>■ d Smith V. Slnitor 273 Doi" V. Guy 7t;0, S:n Do*' V. Harris 7.'4 Do.' V. Shottcr 43!! Due V. Stiirgf's 7fi4 Donald \. Donald !t77 I hirscy V, Dorsoy It97 ]>oii£;Ias. Ro TS) Dowso V. Ciorton loH'j Doyle V. Blako 122 Diindas v. Wolfo Murray 80.") In tlic g.iods of Earl 102 Earl of Zetland v. Lord Adv. .. ri2S East V. EJast 1110 .25«; Easuin V. AlM>l»*^>r n.". iMi:i r.!» Sl!t 1S4 4S! !•:{ M2 ft; 3 IJIS I03t. litis ■<() llttl I'-arewell V. I'"ari\vell , . . Karr v. Newniaii l'"a\\ ke.-^ V. Cray In the ;;o(h|s of l'"ell Kelthain v, h't'ltham In the KOOrda\int 331 Nugent V. Canii)i)ell 273 O'Brien. Re 154 Oceanic Steam Co. v. Suther- land 424 O'Connor v. Hasleni 1247 O'Nf il V. Owen 477 Orr V. Kaimes 829. ,833 O'Sullivan v. Harty 1127 Padget V. Priest Pai>illon V. Voice Paton V. Hickson Ann Parker, Re Trusts of Will of 292, pearce v. Edmeadew Peat V. Chapman Pelham v. Newton pells V. Brown In the Goods of Penny pf terkin v. McFarland Peyton, Re 177 907 122 418 920 956 823 9"7 112 103 530 Phayre v. Peree 1117 Phelps V. Lord 852 Phiney v. Phiney 1021 Pinbury v. Elkin 926 Pinchon's Case 435 FMtt V. VV'o(jdham 474 Plomley v. Shepherd 248 Pollard V. Hodgson t^'o Polloek, Re 724 Porter v. Tournay 779 Porter's Trusts, Re 67 1 Portlock V. Gardner 1 149 Powys V. Manstleld StiO Price V. Strange 1004 Pride v. Hooks 111^ Pringle v. Napanee 852 Pritchard v. Standard Life .... 154 Prosser v. Wagner i 191 In the Goods of Prothero 113 Proud V. Turner 1018 Purcell V. Bergin 6 iO Pusey V. Desbouverie 1024 Raddiffe, Re 613 Radford v. MacDonald 1278 Ramus v. Dow 1281 Ranelagh v. Ranelagh 926 Rann v. Hughes 1076 Raphael v. Boehm 813 Ratcliffe v. Barnes 140 Ravf nscroft v. Frisby 1249 Rawlinson v. Shaw 131 Ray V. Gould 919 Rayner v. Koehler 1241 R. V. Chaplain 655 Read v. Snell 904 Read v. Willis 915 Reddan, Re 260 Reeves v. Burrage 427 In the Goods of Reid 118 Reid V. Harper 993 R. V. Hay 54 i R. V. Inhabitants of Ringstead. 903 Riee v. Gordon 1102 Right V. Day 921 XIV TAULE OF CASES. /{(fcniivm HIT to iianiijniiihu. Riley v. Garnett 943 Ripley v. Water-worth 400 In the Goods of Robarts 224 Roberts v. Roberts 1273 Robertson v. Broadbent 6G!) Robertson v. Burrill 1201 Robertson v. Jenkin 360 Robinson, Re 814 Robinson v. Davison 626 Robinson v. Pett 1154 Robinson v. Robinson 1119 Robison v. Tickell 789 Rock V. Leighton 122) Roddy V. Fitzgerald 910 Roo V. Harrison 426 Rose V. Rose 951 Ross, Re 607 Ross V. Ross 865,1074 Rowley V. Adams ....644, G45, 1103 RusKell V. Dickson 708 Russell V. Plaice 414 Rutland v. Rutland 1043 Ryves v. Ryves 957 Salt, Re 471 Sanders v. Esterbie 622 Saunders v. Druce 1244 Saunderson v. Nicholls 1210 Savage v. Blythe 92 Scales V. Collins 471 Schweder's Estate, Re 736 Score V. Ford 1264, 1265 Scott. Equit. Life Co. v. Beatty fiO'J Scott V. Supple 289 Scott V. Tyler 417 Scott V. Wheeler 1259 Sea V. McLean 257 Searson v. Robinson 429 Selby v. Selby 465 Serle v. Bradshaw 435 Serie v. Waterworth 168,173 Shattock v. Shattock 408 Shears v. Rogers 406 Shelley v. Edlin 944 Shelley's Case 473 Shepherd's Trusts, Re 240 Shrimpton v. Shrimpton 6S2 Sievewright v. Leys 1161 Sickles v. Asselstine 273 Sills v. Warner 852 Simpson .v Home 1 167 Sinclair v. Brown S)95 Sinnett v. Her.jert 841 Sitwell, Ex p 532 Skey v. Barnes 810 Skrymsher v. Northcote 871 Slater v. Slater 462 Small v. Wing 1166 Sniedloy v. Varley 114 1 In the Goods of Smith 8S Smith v. Coleman 107:'. Smith V. McGugan 657 Smith V. Methodist Church . . . 852 Smith V. Smith 109:; Smith v. Tracey 100 ; Smith v. Williamson 1167, 12ir, Somer-Cocks, Re) 472 Sparkes v. Restal 31) t Sparks v. Wolff I06:i Spence's Case li'Ss '/' Spratt V. Harris If)*! Ti Spratt v. Wilson ltn:{ T: Sproule v. Watson 22') Ti Re Staebler 472, 745, 127S T( Stamper v. Pickering 76;) ' To Stanley v. Bernes 105, 23C T( Stanley v. Stanley 10:;i To Staunton v. Carron Co 12i:i Stephens v. Venables TH! Stephenson, Re 2.'iJ In the Goods of Stewart .' T()\ Stewart v. Snyder M" Tra\ Stewart v. Stewart loi: Tro\ Stillman v. Wee'don sf^T Tro\ Stodden v. Harvey II' Trie Storor v. Prestage ''' Truf Strong V. Bird 716, TK Styles V. Guy 11"' Tnll. Sugden v. Crossland !'■' T'^ni Sunter v. Johnson ''7. ^ylt TAIILL OF CASKS. XV Kcfcrnirt K iin Itt ixinnjiviihu. 246 CSU IIGI 273 [ 852 ' U67 l!9[) 841 532 8U) ' 871 AiVl 1160 ' 114 1 \\ HS '\\ 107:'. 657 i')9:'. "/. 100 ; ,...1167, 12r. 47J " 394 106',t '.'. USs '_ 15tl '' 11 r/.'. '_ 220 472, 745, 127S 7tV,t ....105, 2:'.'^ io;u o." I'-i''' 701 'Ti?, art M" '' loi: " ■>(■:. II" TTf 716, TT " 11"' \\ li:'' Su\v( rkiMp V. Day 35 Sykes v. Sykes 176 Tabor v. Tabor 328 Tanqueray, Re 253 Tapley v. Eagleton 822 Tarn v. Com. Bank of Sydney. 1?7 Tate V. Hibbert 377 Taylor v. Magrath 1161, 1268 Taylor v. Taylor 670, 1025 Tei)hs V. Carpenter 1101 Ti'nipest V. Tempest 740 Teniae v. Walsh 257 Thomas v. Montgomery 788 Thompson v. Andrews 1091 Thompson v. Clive 1253 Thompson v. Fairbairn 1262 Thompson v. McWilliams, Re . . 101 Thompson v. Smith 1065 Thompson v. Thompson 1104 Thomson v. Adv. -General 500 Thorpe v. Shillingtun 450 Thrufton v. Attorney-General.. 404 Thynne v. Glengall 712 Tiffany v. Thompson 75 Tillburgh v. Barbut 902 Tillie V. Springer 610 Tingrey v. Brown 90 Tone V. Brown 803 Toomey v. Tracey 816,852 Toovey v. Bassett 925 Toronto General Trusts (;o. v. Quin 993 Totten V. Totten 458 Townend v. Townend 1087 Townson v. Tickell 758 Travers v. Gustin 122 Trevanian v. Vivian 872 Trevelyan v. Trevelyan 22S Trice v. Robinson 120 Trusts Corporation of Ont., and Baehmer, Re 257 Tullnck V. Dunn 1199 Turner v. Buck 797 Tylee v. Deal 1069 K.E.A. — b Tyrrell v. Senior 852 In the Goods of Tucker Co riTner v. Lewis i237 I'nderwood v. Wing 1074 I'rquhart v. King yiii) Vanatto v. Mitchell 122 Vauquelin v. Bouard 154 Varley v. Winn 8(>4 Vaudry v. Geddes 6.S4 Vickers v. Cow ell 1 1!(2 Vinctnt v. Sharpe ... 381 Viscountess D'Adheniar v. Bertrand 24f; Vuliamy v. Noble 10S7 Wade v. Marsh Wainman v. Field Walker v. Murray . . Walker v. Walker Wallop's Trusts, Re Wankford v. Wankford. .86, S7 Ward v. Grey Ward V. Turner Warwick v. Greville Warwick v. Richardson Watkins v. Bradshaw Watkins v. Maule Watsham v. Stinton Watson v. Pearson Watson V. Toone Webb V. Adklns Webb V. Byng Webb V. Honnor Webb V. Kirby Webb V. Kelly Webb V. Ncedham Webster v. Blackman V. Webster V. Wegp-Pro.^ Webster Wegg-Prosser ser Welchman v. Sturges West V. Wilby 70, 81 Wetdrill v. Wright 411 870 852 693 517 119 660 378 1034 1115 37s 121 634 •I 40 419 199 868 878 101; 809 48 1207 178 472 431 , 99 . 79 XVI TABLE OF CASES. Rifcniir(M orv to imrafjranhs. Wetherell v. Howella Whale V. Booth Whicker v. Hume 190, White V. Collins White V. Mullett White V. Rose Whitby V. Loscombe Whyatt V. Marsh Wickett V. Dolley Wightwick V. Lord Wilde V. Walters Wild's Case Wilkes V. Wilkes Wilkins v. Hogg Williams, Re 597. UTS, Williams v. Barrel Williams v. Lewis Williams & McKinnon, Re . . . . Williams v. Roy Willis V. Willis 270 309 Wilson v. Beatty 103 416 Wilson & Toronto Incandescent 10.^2 Electric Light Co., Re 257 901 Winter v. Innes G40 198 Wollaston v. King 824 159 Wood V. Armour 291 852 Wood V. Penvyre 798 657 Woodgate v. Field 1236, 1271 800 Woodhall. Re 1252 948 Woodruff V. Wickworth 1045 320 Woolley v. Clarke 428 914 Worts V. Worts 1094 742 Wright v. Bell 1068 1132 Wynch, Ex parte 913 1252 624 ! Yardley v. Arnold 180 908 ' Yatos v. ..Ladden 817 1015 Yopt V. Adams 290, 452 1161 Yost V. Crombie 608 , 607 YounK v. Purvis ....3, 98, 458, 689 ... 103 ient . .». 257 . ... C-iO . . . . 824 .... 291 .... 79» !36. 1271 1252 1045 428 1094 1068 913 180 817 ...290, 452 608 8. -458. 689 TABLE OF STATUTES. Shewing all sections of the Succession Duties Act. the Surro- gate Courts Act, the Devolutioit of Estates Act. the Wills .\ct and the Trustee Act, which are printed in full in the text with reference to the paragraphs in which they will he found. THE SUCCESSIOX DUTIES ACT. R. S. 0. 1897, c. 24. The only sections of this Act printed in the text are scctioji 3— para. 572 — and sub-sections (1) and (2) of section 4. and sub- section (S) of section 4 para. 571. All the rest of the Act is printed as an Appendix, page 461. Sections S, ;», and 10 of chapter 9 Ontario Statutes 1S99, (amending R. S. O. c. 21), are paragraphs 583, 581. The rest ot this .\ct is an Appendix, page 171. THE SCRROGATE COURTS ACT. R. S. O. 1897. c. 59. Sec. Para. :>. Surrogate Court to he in each County 3S 17. Testamentary jurisdiction to be exercised by the Surro- gate Courts 39 IS. Powers and jurisdiction of Surrogate Courts 40 lii. To what particular Court the grant shall belong 40 21. Effect of prol)ate and administration 40 2t;. Order to produce any instrument purporting to be tpstanieiitary 208 ;i.'{. In cases of contention matter may by consent be referred to High Court 41 34. In certain cases of contention matter may be removcnl into High Court. Certain cases not to be so removed. 41 35. Power of High Court— Transmission of order 41 3(i. Appeals to High Court 45 \l j^ xvni TAIJLE OF STATU I'ES. Sl-HROUATK ColTlTS AcT {.('Ohthlllvd). Sec. Para. 37. Pra(!tlce of the Court, rules as to 72 38. Proof, etr., requisite for oljtaining grant of probate or administration where deceased resided in Ontario.... 72 '.i'j. When tesUitor, etc., had no fixed place of abode in or resided out of Ontario, upon what proof probate or adiiiinislration to be granted, etc 72 40. Affidavit grounding application for grant to 1)6 conclu- sive 72 U. Proof, etc., requisite for obtaining grant to party not next of kin to intestate 01 12. Temporary administration in certain cases Ol 13. Security to be given ., t!l r)2. Practice resi)ecting caveats 147 r.4. Where a will aft'ectiiig real estate is proved in solemn form or is the subject of contentious proceedings, heirs, etc., may be cited 229 r>(i. Administi'ation pendente lite may be granted 103 ri7. Administration with the will annexed, practice as to, etc. 89 r)8. Applicant for administration to depose to value of the realty in certain cases S9 59. General jower as to appointment of administrator under " speciitl circumstance.-i 47n. C)(). After grant of administration no person to act as executor 61 m. Administration limited to personal estate 40, 61 fi2. Revocation of temporary grants of administration not to prejudice actions 11 2n. 63. Paymejits under probate or administration revoked 152 i'4. Persons, etc., making payment upon probate granted, indemnified, etc 152 f).'">. Right of executor renouncing probate to cease abso- lutely 133 66. Power to remove executors or adoiinistrators in certain cases 145 67. Order for removal 145 68. Repeal of 21 H. 8, c. 5; 22-3 Car. II., c. 10; 1 Jas. c. 17, as to security 136 69. Persons receiving grants to give bonds etc 136 70. Penalty in bonds, etc 136 71. Power as to assignment of bonds 136 72. Approval of accounts by Surrogate .Judge to be binding in High Court 45 73. Passing account" 136 (2) ( "ondition of bond 136 74. Estates of small value 44 I TAHI.F. OF STATL'TKS. xix Srinii iiIATK CnrilTS Ai"l' (I'onliirii il). See. Pani. 75. I'rof)!' of rclationsliip 4 1 '». Valiip to be less than $4ilO 44 77. Scale of fees 44 ',>>,. CiiviiiK effect to grants of probate of Engli.sh or ('()b)nial Coiii'ts 1114 7"J. Security reqinred Kit si». ronstniction of .Act to conform to Devolution of Estates Act in. 13(j 13(i 1 136 136 45 136 136 44 8. !l. lit. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. DKVOr.rTlON OK ESTATE-! ACT R. >". (). 1SH7. c. !27. Application of sees. 3-10 2 IS Estates to wliii'h sees. J-Kl apply 24s (1) Property to devolve on personal representative. 248, l(i55 (2) Savin.t? as to ilower It'.'l (3) Saving as to husband's interest in proi)erly o!" wife, ititji (4l .Administrators to give security to cover real e.state. 2'.*tln. Distribution of proi)erty of married woman dying intestate 9!)S Distiibution of estate of i)t>rson dying intestate and withf)Ut issue lii:!7 Ai)plication of residue in payment of debts 45Un. Sales where infants interested 24'.t Power of personal representative over real property... 21S When i)ersonal representatives to l)e d<>emed " heiis".(l; (2) Where estate exceeds $1,000; {?,) Widow's share in remainder of estate 9;to Real estate not disposed of within a year to vest in heirs unless caution registered; (2) Form of caution Sees. (3) If caution specifies lands 13, 14, (4) Withdrawal of caution 15, all (5) Certificate of withdrawal to be verified on oath co-it'd (ar-v. 1 . 269 726 nl In 8r.7 87t. ST7 ;9- of J-S4 lle- . . 1057 A- 929 ol« \y\ 3r,- 945 945 lall ,. 945 uls, ... -161 au\ . 4C1 4 n. HI. 11. 12. 14. 15. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 2'*. 23. 24. 25. 2t5. 28. 29. TRIHTKK ACT. U. S. O. 1S!)7. <•. 129. Para. Kvery trust Instriimpnt to l>e deemed to contain clause for the Indemnity and reimbursement of the trustees. 242 .AppDiiitiiKiit (tf new trustee 246 Vesting of tni>-t property in new or continuing tru.stets without covenants 246 lliceipt of trustees to be effectual dischii"i;es 4s4 .\ctions by executors and administrators for torts !M0 Against executors anrl administrators ffW torts 240 DamageH in actions under two preceding sections 310 FCxei iitors or administrator.^ of a lessor may distrain for airears 412 Within <; months after determination of the leasu 412 Represenlsitivrs of deceased joint contractors liable although the other joint contractors be living . H5' Devisee in trust may raise money by sale or mortgage tr) satisfy charges notwithstanding want of exjjress power in the will Sees. i'()W( r given by last section extended to survivors, de- visees, etc 16 23. Executor to have power of raising money wliere tlieie is no special devise all Purchasers, etc.. not bound to enquire as to exercise of powers cnn'd Sections 1»! to 19 not to alTect certain sales nor to ex- tend to devisees in fee or in tail in Direction to sell, etc., may be exercised by executor wiien no other person is appointed to exercise same.. para. Administrator with will annexed may exercise power of sale given to the executor 2t;7 Or when no one named in will to execute powers of sale, etc. Executors, etc., may convey in pursuance of a contract for sale made by deceased , 264 Duties and liabilities of an executor and administrator acting under the powers in this A'^t 264 Powers given by this Act to two or more survivors.... 264 Interpretation as to next 5 sections; " Trustee." (2) Extended to joint trustees; (3) " Instrument;" i4) Apply to all trusts 1127 Appointment of agents by trustees for certain purposes. 1127 Sales by trustees not impeachable on certain grounds... 2GC» :■>*•■ XXll TAIU.K i>K SIATLTK.S, 'I'ur.-'Ti:!-; Ai'T {.('untinin il). Sec. I'lUM. :i(i. 'rnistcc comnilttliiK tircadi of trust at itiHtln;j[ti(m of l)cnt'fl(i!iry llTd ;!1. I'owns of tniHlt't' to iiisiMT trust property 47S ',i2. Application of StatiitcH of LltnUatiniiH to certHin actions aKuiiiHt trustct's 1177 :i:{. Towers of executors as to setllinK detits owing fidiii or to their estates fi'Ja ;i'l. In case of deHciency of assets delits to raiil< pari iiassu. IK I to affert liens .'.Dl ;!.'(. If claim is rejected and notice given an action must l)e brought within a certain iH>rlo(l iiol :\C,. As to lialiility of executor or administrator in respi-ct to covenants, etc., in leases 8 of . . 1172 h ' 4'»- . . . H . al! (.(■Ol' 1 te in E.\IXl'T01IS AND ADMINISTRATORS. PART I CREATION OF OFFICE, I >i'tiiiitiiin III t. Till ■■ I'lxPCU- till-." 4 ciiAin'i'j^ r. I. As tlic (crm " <'X<'cnt(»i" " is nl prcscul iicccjdcd ill llic I'l'oviiicc of Oiiliirio, iiii cxccntor \\\,\\ be (Icliiii'd 1o l»c " ;i person 1o wlioiii liic cxcciilion of ii Inst will jiidI ifsiiiniciit of |n-op('il_v is l»,v Ilic tcsliilor's ;ip|>niiit iiniii i'iiiili(|*Ml." Ill Ontario, niKlcr Hm' Devolution of Ksljitcs' Act. real iiinl iicrsonal estate are Itotli now con- tided to tlie niana^ieiiienl of an executor.* JJ < leiieiallv siteakinjj;. al! itcrsons who are ca|»alde of niaUiiii; wills, and some olliers besides, are capable of beinji made executors. Any cbmlM as lo whether a cor poialion conid be an executor in ()nlari.o has been re- moved by Statute, as we shall presently see. An infant may lie a|»i»ointed an execuhn* how younj; so ever In.' may be; but if an infant is aiii»oinled side executor by • 'fli.^ SiirrucJilf Courts Act, R. S. (>. 1S1I7, c .'!». ('(.iitiiins tin' I'dlli'w iiii: iin>\ isiuii: V.». If iiiiy ,,f iiio i)i-ovlsions of tills Act sluill lio fiiiiinl to lie ('misnuc- itiiuiisist.Mit with tlie i)rovisioiis of tlie Devolution of Kstatcs .Art, timi of thi this Act siiall he construed so as to confonn in iill rrspoits witli ^\'''- '^•',^ i!:c tnio intent .nnd nieiuiinir of the nevolulion of Estates Act. Out. "* ' A.ts isjio, <•. 17. s. \lt). (The Devoluthui of i:states Act will he Will) may 1)1' !l|>|>oillt- tcl i\l( M- tiir. .Stat.c.ll : found Part II. poRt.) K.r; A. — 1 iiiii Married U'jiiiaii. I'l'rsDiis at taintt'd (If fl'lotlS 111 it •lisiiuali- fied. Poverty or insolvency. KXKCirroHs AND AD.MIMSTHATOHS. 38 Geo. III. cji]). 87, s. ('», he is altof^cllicr (lisiniiilifKMl from exercising his oflice during liis niinorily, anpli('s iu' case of an infant being sole executor, for if there are several executors and one of them is of full ago no administration durante mlnore aetate ought to be granted, for he who is of full age may execute the will. 2 Black. Coinin. .")0a ; In tin' Gooth of Stewurt, L. II. :} P. .t I). '214. Ciiniiiiiiifi V. Lini(lf(l Ildiihiiifi iiiiil Creilit Co.. '20 O. P. 382. JJ. A married woman may be appointed an executrix, and may take upon hcrsc If tlu> probate without the as- sent of hci- husband. 4. There are few, or none, who, b^- law, are disabled on account of their crimes from being executors, an«l, therefore, it has always been held that persons attainted or outlawed niav sue as executors, because thev sue in auter droit and for the benetit of the persons deceased. Aiicicnt .\iith<)rities, Wins. 18(5. a. The Court cannot refuse, on account of his poverty or insolvency, to grant the probate of a will to a. person api)ointed e, cutoi* ; but the High Court of elustic*' will restrain the insolvent or banki'upt executor and apitoint a receiver, and if it is ncH-es.ary to bring an action of law to recover part of the elfe -ts, where the actiion must bo in the name of the executor, the Court will < ompel him to allow his name to be used or appoint an administrator ad litem; but if a jierson known by a testator to be a bankrui»t or insolvent be appointed ex- ecutor by him, such person cannot on the ground of in- solvency alone be controlled by the appointment of a re ceiver. (See Chapter V. Revocation of Probate.) Slaiiiton v. The Carron Co., 18 Heav. 140. Johnson v. McKeuzie, 2(» O. K. lai ; Re Bush, lil O. P. 1. EXECUTOHS. 3 tililictl id ad- i-anted porsoii [I have lul one mluove nil a^e rt, L. U. iocutrix. t the as- aisal>l«'tl ovs, and, utlaiivted y sm' in li'ccascd. s povoi'ly a, person If ,l\isli(e utov and Ibrinji' an lu've tl»e he (.'onvt |v ain'<'i'»t Own bv 5^ Linted ex lind of in- kt of a ve- te.) ii, Miots and Innntics are incapablo of beinjj f^^eiMi- T'Hnt^^^^^^^ 1(»rs or adniinistrators, and if an execnior beconn^ non conipoH the Court may. on account of his natural dis- ability, c :..nnt the administration to another, Ol.l ( 'list's, ^'m^. IHS. T. The ai»pointnu'nt of an executor may be «'ither K\.cntur^ express or constructive, in Avhicli latter case he is some- 't,,ti„. times called executor according- to the tenor; for al-*^"""- tliou^h no executor be expressly nominated in the will l»y the word executor, yet, if by any word or circumlo- cution the testator recomnu'ud or conunit to one or more tlie chai<>-e and otlice or the ri^ihts which appertain to an executor, it ann)unts to as much as constituting hini or them to be executors. Ill (he (hftnlKolFiaser, L. R, 2 P. iV D. ]s:i. Yoiinn V. I'liri i.t, 110 II. T)',!? ; In the (Inodx nf lirii'sman, (lyi)i) P. -im. H. An executor may be appointed by necessary impli- Kxpc\it.ir cation, as where ii testator says. '* I will that A. B. be -.ary impli- my executor if (\ I), will nof"; in this case C. D. m:iy '•^''""• he appointed if he ])lease, \\. Tliei'e is a great distinction between the ofTice of f',);uljutor. coafljutor or overseer and t' .t of ext'ciitor. Tlu' co- adjutor or overseer has no ]>o\ver to admi.nister oi' inter- meddle, otiierwise than to counsel, ]iersuad(> and advise and. if^ necessary, apjdy to the Court. It is ihei'efore m;it( rial to en(|vnre what words will a])point a cojidjutor or oversee)'. If A. is made executor and 15. coadjuloi', without nH)re he is not by this made n joint executor with A. If A. be made executor and the t<'stator after Wiirds in his will expresses that P*. sluill administer also with him and in aid of him, here IV is an executoi- as well as A., ami may ja'ove the will as executor if A. refuses. Ancient References, Wms. Ill I. IjO. R. 1- EXECrTToRS AM) A hMINFSTliATOn.S. by iiiiiili- caliun. Executors in scvcnil lO Where the testator named his wife as exe(Mitrix, and A. IJ. lo assist her, it was liell that A. IJ mij-lit be executor acccudinj;' to the tenor. /// Hie dooilx nf Itroini, 2 I'. I), llo. 11. Where a jieison had been expr<'ssly appointed exeentor for a limited purpose in a will, it was held that he was ajjpointed fi'eneral executor by a codicil by im- plication merely without express words. 7)1 the (inotln of Aird, 1 HnH'A. HM. 12. An <'xecutor may be appointed solely or in con- junction with others, but in the latter <'ase they are all considered in law in the lipht of an indi\idual person. Likewise a testator may appoint several ])ersons as executor in several decrees, as where he makes his wife ex<'cutor; but if she will not or cannot be (sxecutor. then he makes bis son executor; and if his son' will not or cannot be executor, then he makes his brother, and so on; in whicii case tiie wife is said to be instituted execu- tor in the tirst decree; li. is said to be substituted in the second dejiree; ('. to be substituted in the third deji'ree, and so on. In til,' (lon• An api»ointnn'nt of "A., as my executor, with f!'r'!ma'r. '"'•^' ' ^^'** ''^ '".^' •'^•»"'^'" '^^"^ J'('J<1 ^'i»< ^<> the SOUS for UU- tainiy. Certainty. In the Oooils of liaijU^, 2 S\v & Tr. 01 :i. I I EXIXi'ToltS. y Hi. Tli(> iiiiiny difVicultif^s ciinscMl tliroujili tlio np- pointiiioni of individuals to act as cxoculors. and tlic loss it; many cases incuircd tliroufili individual carcU'ssncss (H' nnsconduct, liavr always been a source of dan^^ei' 1o ilie |>ul)lic. This danjier of late years has been met by the incori»oralion of Trust ('onii>anies. The first of the Ontario Trust Companies commenced business in issii. and (wo others have since been incorporated and ar(^ carryinji" on business in Toronto. The object of these cempanies is to undertake and execute every kind of trust and linanc!,al ajicncy. Amonji- their other functions they undeitake to act as truste" under the apiiointments of courts, corporations and i)rivate individtials. Trust com- i 17. Th< y undertak<' also to act as executor, adminis- ti'ator, fiuardian, committee or referee, or in any otlu'r othcial or tiduciaiy capacity. IH. It is clainuHl for such companies that p<'rsons Advan niakiuf*- use of them will secure the foUowinj;' advan- ^"*''*'''' taju'cs: Firstly. — Absolute safety of the trust jiroperty. Seconoiiit- uiiilcr 'riu> Ontiirii) Cnnipiniii's' Act or the said cli:i|itcr l.'d of' tlic ""'"f "*. Koviscd Statutes (,|- Ontario, IKS?, is authorized t.. eNc.'ute the j,\''",',t""'^'' "t!i<(' of executor, aiiiiiinistrator. trustee, receiver, iissi;:nee, jruar- trustees, diau of ii uunor, or coniiuittee of a lunatic, then in case tlie I.ieu-''^'" tenant-Covernor in ( 'ouncil approves of such company lieinu ac- '■epte.i l,,v tlie IliKJi Court as a Tnists ('oniimny for the piiri.(,ses J'''je pole trus- tee. Uiuler d(>i'(l, will, etc. Ri'v. Stat. c. l-J'.t. of .such Court, tlic said Court, f>r nny JihIko tlioreof, nud (>vory otlicM- (j)urt or .IiuIkc luiviii;,' autliorily to a|)|)oiiit such au olliccr, may, with the consent of the company, ai)i)oint such co.niiaiiy to exercise any of the said ollices In rosi)ect of any estate or person under the authority of audi Court or .ln(l;j;e, or m.-iy ^rant to such company iirohate of any will in which such company is named an executoi" hut no company which has issued, or h;is authority to issue, deheutures shall l)e ai)proved as aforesaid. {'2) A trust comimny so a|)proved of may he appointed to he a sole trustee, notwitiistandiiiK' that, hut for this Ai-t, it would he necessary to a|ipoint more than one trustee, and may also he ap- pointed trustee jointly with another i)ers(Mi. (.">) Such a|ipointmcnt may he miide whether the trust(>e is re- quired under the provisions of any deed, will f)r docnmi'Ut creatinj; a trust, or whether the appointment is under the provisions of the Act respet.-tinj; Trustees and Executors and the Administration of Estates, or otherwise. (4) Xotwlthstandlnjx any r\de or practice, or any i>r()visi()u of any Act requiring security, it shall not he uecessai-y f.ir the said comi)any to give any security for the flue performance of its duty as such executor, adnunistrator, trustee, rei.'eiver, assignee, guar- dian, or committee, unless otherwise ordered. (5) The Lieuteniuit-( Jovernor in t'oinicil mny revoke the ap- proval given under this section, and no Court, or .ludge, after no- tice of such revocation, shall apjioint any such company to lie an adminstrator, trustee, receiver, assignee, guardian, or committee, unless such company giv6s the like security for the due performance of its duty MS would he recpiired from a priv.ate [lerson. Out. Acts, 1.VJ7, c. i)7, s. S. Liiiiiiiity 20. Soctioii J) of tlio sainc Act defines the liiibilily of com- i- m J ri • i? 11 panviict- t)t Trusts ( oiiipanu'S its follows: — tnis't'^ ' •*• '^''® lii'l'il'ty of a trust company to ix'rsnns interested in an estate held hy the comi)!\ny as executor, administrMtor, trustee, receiver, assignee, guardian (U- committee, as !if')resMlil, shall h(> tli(> same as if the estate had hceu held liy any pi'iviite person in the like caiiaclty. and its jiowers shall lie the same. Ont. Acts, ]S1)7, c. 37, s. 0. llighCourt ^^ ITiider the antliority of this Act the llijiii Court "d ^"tl*^" ' *^' JusHc<» lias ai>i)i'oved of two Trust Coini)anies as Trust Corporations for tlie purposes of the Court. Kule of Court 31 continues the former practice. The rules relat- ing thereto will be found in an appendix. EXi:riTt»l!S. 7 22. It will bi' notici^d tliiit Ihc fourlli subscc- •'^;<">it.v tioii of tlu.' Act dispcnsi's with the iHH'(>ssity for p;ivin<;- with, scciirily for the dnv pcrfoniiaiu-t' of an L'.vecutorsliip by ii coinpany. 23. Tho i)i'('S('nt stato of the law, bv which real aH^^i<"f't.v, fur (iiuilili^ ut'll as personal i)ro])<'rty (Icvolvcs upon (he personal re- valucimist jireseiitalives of the (leceaseU, retjuires (hat parties l»<'ti- „"isii",'I]. lioninji' for administration of an intestal«''s estate shall <;ive stMurity for double the value of both the real and jiersonal property.* This i-ecjuirenient {•really increases llie risk and I'csitonsibility of individuals. This risk and I'esponsibility are now rendered unnecessary if a Trust Company is made use (d'.f 24. <3uarantee companies ,".. accepted as security Sectuitifs of tfiiiiran- tec ooiu- Iiilllirs ill Siiiri);,'atf (\n\it. undri' the following- sections of K. S. (). l,st>7, c. li'JO: .">. (1) 'I'lic liit'iitcii!iul-( !(i\crii()r in ('(miicil may, l).v Ord'.T in ( ouiicil. (liroft tliat tlu? Iioiul or polii'v of yuarniitiM' of any giiaraiitt'e c iiiiipaiiy iiameil in such Order In Council, may. at tho (lis('r<'tioii of till' .Iiidiro. be accented, in wliol(> or in part, in licti of the secnrity iciiuii'cil tiy section (!!) of tho Surroiiate ("oui'ts Act, and sc<'tion l."> of the .Act resjiectinfr Infants and the iirovisioiis of law therein ciiiiiaincd with reference to the lef^al I'ffect of such securities wlien i:i\('n l;y individuals, and to the mode of proceeilin.i; thereon, shall aiiply to the se<'nrity f,'ivi'n hy every such company. (-) 'I'he interim receii)t of the company may lie accepted in lien of the formal security, hut the formal security shall he conii)Ieted within one month. K. S. (). ISOT. c. L'20, s. .". (Out. .\.ts. IS'.*."!, c. 11. s. 1). Ivcv. Stat, cc. '}'.), Ids. *R. S. (). 1S!>7, c. ."!». s. 70 ^s. Ci."). r S. ( ). 1SS7. c. .".o). ''■ AN'here letters of administration are issued to such company tile material required is as follows: 1. Ivi'uunciation hy parties entitled to administer in favour of a company. -. Ariidavit of search for will. .'!. 'Aflid.'ivit of death of the decca-^ed !\tid i)lace of aliodt\ 4. Atlidavit of the value of the property, both real and personal. T). Petition to tho Surrogate Court by the company. (). -Mlidiivit of manaKer of comiiany to faithfully administer. 7. Allidavits as to search for will, death and place of abode, to;rether with the allidavits as to the value of the pro- jiei ty, to be made by persons h.-ivint:; full knowlei]>;e of the facts. 8 EXECUTORS AND ADMINlSTHAToltS. Publica- tidii of Orders in (.'ouncil. Necessity for i)ni)li(' ii)s(H'cti()ii. Extensin- 1 )o\vers ^'ivcii. (i. lOvcry OrdiT in ("oiincil nii.lcr tlic pi-ovisioiis of tliis Act shall, imiiiedintoly after tlio iiiakin;; tiieredf. \>o pnldislietl in tlio Oiitiirio (tazctle. and shall he laid hci'orf the Lc;;isliitlve Assemhly within liftpcn days after its tirst niectin;; theicaftiT. ()nt. Aits, IMC!, c. II, s. 2. U.'i. rii(l(M' H. S. (). 1S!IT, c. lMH;. the iilTiiii-s nnd man- ii<,n iiH'iit of tlicsc tnisis cofiiorntions iirc siibjccl t<» iiivcs- ti^aliori and insiK'clion bv aiiv jicisoii ajiiioinlcd for (liat ltui-j)osi' by tlicHijili (Nmrl of .Iiislicc oi- the Ontario (Jov- crmiu'iit. Tli(« iicccssiiy for such an cxaniination is obvions. Tlicsc TrnsI Coinj»aiiics arc, like all other liiian- rial (•oini>anies, liable 1o inisnianajicnient. and, while they arc on the one hand unqncslionably of «;reat benefit to the j)iiblic, on llic other hand niilcss their investments and deposits are carefnlly scriitin'i/,ed jiveal loss and daniafi'c mi^ht be occasioned by nnfortnnate oi' iniin'oi)er investment. The piiblic have only the financial <;'miran- tee of the lialtility of the shareholders of the corporation. i£ii. Tile powers whicii may be j>iven to Trnst Com- panies are specified by flie schednle to J{. S. C). 1S!>7, c. 2(M;, as follows:— 'I^> liike, reccivt' and hold all estates and pr(»perty, real and per- son;il, wliifli may \tt- jrriinted. rominitlcMl, ti'ansfcrred, or conveyed to them with their consenl, npon any ti'nst or trnsts wlnitsoever (not contrary to law) at any time or times, liy any person or per- sinis, liody or bodies corpoi'ate, or hy any Conrt in the I'rovince of ( Mitario. To take and receive on deposit, npon such terms and for smdi remniiei'ation as may he iiuree or other ehallel property of any kind, ami to ^narantee the safe keepinu- of the same. 'I'o act ^renerally as attorney or a;.'ent for the transaction of nnsitiess, the niiinrt^'t>nient of estiites, the collection of loans, I'cnts, interest, dividends, dchts, mortKaKes, dehoiitiires, hoiuls, hills, notes, conpons and other securities for money. To act as a^-ent for th(> ]nirposo of issniuir or coantersienin^,' eertiticates (d' stock, honds or other olili.i;ations of any association, or eorporation, nnmiciiial oi- other. To receive, invest and manage any sinkliij; fniid therefor on such terms as may he ai;ret'd npon. KXKCrToilS. 9 this Act letl in tlio Assoiutily Ont. Arts, liul IMiUl- to invcs- l for that ario (lov- uation is her fman- m1, while at iK'iu'fit kcstnu'iits loss and iinpropor \\ jjiiaran- rporation. jnist T, ('. ■al iiiitl por- ir roMVt'yt'il whatsoever ~;nii or per- I*i-<)viii''(> 11(1 for such lilies oi" iu- )r securities )f any kiml, msaction of of loiuis, hoiuls, bills, 3uiitcisi)jniiit^ association. therefor on ■t To accept and cxocuto tlio odiccs of oxopntor, cidniinistrator, trustee, receiver. assiy;iiee. or of trustee for the henelit of credi- tors under any .Vet of tiie rie;,'ishiture id" the I'rovince of Oiitariiit and receive all lU'eds, con- Mvaiices, assurances, transfers, assiij;nnients, ^rrants sind coiitraits necessar.v to carry out tin' piirposes ui' the said company, and to pidiMote the oliJe<-ts and liusiness of llie saiil comiiany; And for all such services, duties and trusts tc) charire, collect and receive all proper reninneration, lenal, usual and cnstomar.v (lists, charjres iiiid expenses. Out. Acts, ISHT. i'. .'57, Sdied. The cxcicisc of these extensive ])o\vei's should be cin-('fiill_v sciiilinized Itv the < Jovernnient, A ])«'iiodical slahiiifnl slionld lie issued to the ])ul»lic bv a ooveru- iiiciii iiisiii'clof, as in the case of banks and biiijdino' sdcictie.s. !iT. Tile a|)i»(>intinent of an executof mav br either A ppoint- • 1 1. . 1 .i 1 11, 1 ' 1 • incut iniiv alisolute or <|iialilM'(i. It may be absolute wIhmi he is con- i,eaisuhite stitulrd cerlainly, iiuniediately. and without any I'eslric- 'jll,, ''""''" iion in rcoaid to the testator's etfecfs or liinilation in point of lime. It may be (imiliiied by limitations as to Hie liiue or ]»laee wherein or the subject matter whereon the (dlice is to be exercised; or the creation of the oflice may be comlitional. !i.S. It may be (pialilied by limitations in point of r,i,„ita lime, inasmuch as the time may be limited when the '"'.'^'"^'"j, person appointed shall bejiiu'. or when he shall cease to time. i»e executor. Tlius, if one appoint a man to be his execu- tor at a cei'tain time, as at the expiration of live years alter liis death: or. at an uncertain time, as upon the (ieatii or mari'iajie of his son. Likewise a testator may appoint a person to b«' his executor for a particular m 10 KXKCITOUS AM) ADMlNlsrilAI'OUS. iil| l:ili Tfinponirj- iiiliiiiiiis- Invtiiiii grantc'l. period of time only, iis duriii}; tlu> live years next after liiH deeeas*'; or during the minority of liis son; or the widowliood of his wife; oi' until tlie death or marriage of his son. Ancient Autlioritles, Wins. p. 19!). Sob Conroit v. Clurl;s. In tliesc cases if the testator does not a[)point a ]»ei'son to ael before llu' period limited for the com- nuMicenient of the ollice on the one hand, or after the jieriod limited for its expiration on the other; the (.'ourt may commit iuhuinistralion to another pei'son until there he an executor, or after the executorship is ended. This administration will be one cum testamejito annex( .* Wnis. p. 200. I^iiiiita- I50. Further, an api)ointnient maybe limited in point tiniis iis to f,f pi;i,.,>^ ;is tlius: i\ tcstator may make A. his executor of liis "-oods in one i)ortion of Ontario; 1». his executor for liis goods in some (»ther portion of Ontario, say the distiict of Muskctka, and so on. Or, what seems more rational and exjiedient. he may divide the duty when his property is in various countries. Wins. p. 21 tl. Limitation :{i. Again, the power of an executor may be limited j.'ct'iniittfias to the subject matter upon which it is exercised. Thus a testator may make A. his executor for his plate and liousehold stuff; J>. for his sheep and cattle; C for liis leases and estates by extent, and J), for his del»ts due to him. So a jterson may be made executor for one par- ticular thing only as touching such a statute or bond and no more, and the same will may contain the ai>i)ointnient of one executoi for general and another for limited i»ur- j)Oses; but though a testator may thus appoint separate executors for distinct })arts of his ]>roperty, and nia^' divide their authority, yet quoad creditors they are all executors, and are considered as one executor, and may be sued as one executor. Old Anthoiitics, Wnis. p. 201. * Soo next chaplof as to administration de l)onis non, and ad- ministration with will annexed. and tilt Thus if li'gacici acts as »:i Fornu'r ».> •■?), is to if< a])poi] (he exec .'ippointe • ■state ^^ the.se cut exist.s. EXECUTOltS. 11 I :i2. Liisllv. the {i])poiiilin<'n( iiinv bo con(litional/;""lif',"'i- iind tlK' coiiuition iiiiiy no cillicr in'cccdcnt or suhsoiiiiont. m. ut. Tims if may bo I hat an oxoculor j;ivos socurily to pay tlio ](«,'aoios and in j;onoral to ]M'i'tonn Uio ^vill boforo he acts as oxoouloi'. (Mil Aiitlioritl(>s, Wins. p. 2()-*. J$J?. An oxooutor cannot assi^^n tho oxooiitoi'Hhip. •^" •■^•'i'- Formorly tiio intorost vostod in liini by tiio will of tin- l'-!'i™if (lofoasod nii;;ht. j-cnorally spoakino-. bo continuod and ;.,'|,','"'"'" Kept alivo by tho will of Iho oxoculor; so that if thore \v;is a, solo oxocutor of A., tho oxocutor of that oxocntor is to all intents and purposes iho oxocutor and repro- !^entativo of tho first testator. GUI Cases, Wins. p. 204. »4.1{y Statute of Ontario this state of tho law is |.;„,,,,tor "handed as follows: of.ui.xe- 'I'lio I'.M'ciitor „{ iiny persdii iippoiiitcil tiii cxf.-utur mi.lcr this s-cti(Mi. slijill not l.,v virtue of such i'.\(>cutorship he mm cxcrutor of ihe estate of whi.'li his testator wjis appuliitcd exccutoi- umlcr liiis scctinii. whcllior sucli jhtsom jiclfd iildiic r.r wiis Iju. Inst survivor "f sovenil .•xccutors. 1{. S. (). ISKT. c. .".l. s. ;!!) (.I); Out. Ads ISIK; r. IS, s. 4j. :M 11. S. 0. 1807, c. 50, s. no (Ont. Acts, ISOt;. c. lMI. s. ■ ■), is to tho same otlect. Tho result is that if sMi executor is a])pointed by tho Ilioh Coin-i or by a SuiTo|>rove. The tla<:raii( abuses of which power o«-casioned the Le^iislatiiie t(» iii- Ici'pose in oi'«h'i' to jireveiit llie Ordinaries from Iceepinjj; ^i,,,^, (It >;\i\ t(i III- ti'l frp'lico llii'llt. iiiiy btn^fer Ihe adniinistfalion in their own hands or lliose of their iinniediate (h'jieii dents. And therefore (he of I'm] Slatli(e of .'U Kdw. III. St. I. cap. L', jiroxides "tiiat in case wliere a man dieth intestate, (he Ordinaries shall (lejHile of tin- next and iii(»st lawful friends of (he dead jicrson inti's(al<' to administer his <;<»ods. which jieisun so deputed shall have action to demand and recover as executors. Ihe debts due to and dispend f."5. In (hat yenr. a Court of Trobate w;is't,,.s iiis(i(nted to tak(» cojjnizance of all matters reladnj; to the fifraiitinjjf of probate and committiiio- letters of ad- ministration. The jijovernor was to ]>reside and could iippoint assessors. lie was also empowered to conimis- nrni- tratf ( 'imrtsj. Old iuariiis— ;iii overseer. CJreelc— Ejiiscopos. Bishop. 11 i:xi:rri(iii.s ani» AhMiNisiirviuits. if 'ii:i' HI. cs. V2 Vict, c. 7H. }{. S. (). is!»7, f. nil. A Siirm- glltf ('Mint to lie ill each Coimtv. Testanicn- tary juris- diction tu Ik* cxcc- ciscd liy the Siiiro- gatc Cotirts. ill sion ii Siin'otiiilc Tdiirl in ciich (»f llic four disli-'K Is Into which (iif I'loviiHc wiis Ihcii divided. (Mi LMlli duly, 17SS, L(»rd Ddi'chcstci' li:id csliildishcd Ihc I'diir disi licts (d LuiK'nlMiifih, .Mccklcnlmr^li. Nji.>. Finally, in ISI'.I. as it was fonnd that by the snhdivision of ilistricls their bonn- daries had become identical with tlie Ixtundaries of cennties, and it had become unnecessary to continne that mode of division, districts were abolished. Counties A\(M'e then retained as the nann' for a territorial division for judicial as well as all other ]mr]>oses. The Act came into ell"<'ct Isl .January, IS.'tO. As the iinmber of dislricls was increased, the Courts were from tinu? to time also increased. The jiresent Sui'ro<;ate Courts are estaldisluMl in everv co.untv snbstantiallv for purposes delined bv statute as follows: 3. Ill and for every county in Ontario there slinli ])o a Court i>\ Record to lie called "The Surnifrnte Court" of each respectlvf county, over which Court one .Indue shall preside; and there also shall lie a registrar, and sucii oflicers as may be necessary for tli<- exercise of tlu> jurisdiction to the said Courts lieloinrin^ It. S. < >. 1S1)7, e. .".!>, s. .'{ rs. ;?, K. S. (). 1SS7. c. .'0). IJS>. The jurisdiction and ])Owers of the Surrogate Conrls are delined as follows: 17. Ail jurisdiction and authority, voluntary and coiilentious, in relalion to matters and causes testamentary, and in relation to the Kraiitiiif; or revoking prohate of wills and letters of adininistr:i- tion of the effects of deceased persons having estate or effects in Ontario, and all matters arising out of or connected with the granr or revocation of prohate or administration, sliall continue to he exercised In the name of Her Majesty, in the several Surrogate Courts; hut this provision shall not he construed as depriving the High Court of jurisdiction in such matters. R. S. O. l.S<,)7. e. 50. s. 17 (s. IG, R. S. O. 1887. c. .'>0). Hi I ADMIN'ISIKATOUS. 15 t 'j ' I 40. Tlic SiiiTo^jatc Coiirls luivc Ihh-u fiulowcd with full jiowci'. jiirisdicllon iiiid jintliorily. 1M. (I) '!"<» lss\lt' plnrcss (111(1 luilil iMi;;iil/.!inic ,,( ;ill liiiiltrrs rela- tive til tlic unintin^' of proliates, nnd (01111111111111: Icttcrn of lulmlnls ir.'illoii Jiinl Id Ki'iiiit iiniliiite (I \ Ills ami inmiiilt Ii-IIcin of adiiiliiU- tratldn of the |H(>i"'i't,v of iierson-. djini.' Iiitcstiilc, having' inoiicrty in (iritnrio, mill to r('Vok(! meli lU'oljiitt! 'if wills iiiul let tern of iidiiuiiiH- ti'iitioii ; 2. To hear nnd detenulnp nil nuostldiiH, cniiscs mid suits lii rflatinn to tiie inattern aforesaid, and to all matters and causes tistaiiioiitary ; and .'5. Sulijcct to the provlsiiiiiM licroia coiitaiiied, fln^ ('oiirts sliall also have the satno powers mid the jcraiits and orders of the said I '1, arts shall have the same effect llirriiiKhoiit all Ontario, and In iclatlon to the personal estate of do(!(>ased persons, as the former Ciiirt of I'rohate for rpiier Canada, and Its grants and orders r>'- Hpectively liad in relation to those matli'rs and to causes testjinien- taiy within its jnrlsdiitioii, and to tliose elTects of deceased per- sons dying possessed of goods and chattels over .'f'JO.tHI in value in two or more counties in I'luier tJaiiada; .and all duties which hy t-tatute or otherwise were imposed on or exercised '.ly the said (.'ourt ef Troliate or the Jiidgo thereof in respect to prolirtes, ndniiuistra- ti'iiis and matters and causes testamentary, and the appointment (if jriiardiaiis and otherwise, shall be performed liy the said sev(?ral Surrogate Courts and the Judges thereof, within their respective jurisdictions; but no actions for legacies or for tlu* distriluitloii of residues shall be entertained by any of the said Surrogate Courts. I!. S. ('. IMtT, c. "i'.>, s. IS (H. 17 I{. S. (). 1SH7, c. .">(i; Out. Acts, IS'.IO, c. 17, SK. 1, -i). lit. (1) The grant of probate or letters of administration sh.iJI helong to tile Surrogate Court for the county in whieii the testator or intestate had at tlie time of his detitii liis fixed place of aliode. (lil If the testator or intestate hud no lixed place of abode in, or resided out of Ontario at tlie time of liis de.itli, the grant may be made by the Surrogate Court for any comity in which the testator er intestate had property at the time of his deiiiii. (.*?) In other cases the grant of probate or letters of administra- tion shall belong to the Surrogate Court of any county. K. S. (>. 1S!I7. c. .".;>, s. n> ts. IS U. S. (>. 1SS7, c. ntl ■, Ont. Acts, ISltO, ,.. 17, .s. 2l. lil. 7'robate or letters of administration by whatever Court granted shall, unless revoked, have effect over the property of the deceased In all parts of Ontario, subject to limitation under section •il of this Act or otherwise. I{. S. O. 1S97, c. TiO, s. 21 (s.-s. 4 of s. 18 of H. S. O. 1887, c. 50; s. 3 Out. Acts, 181K), c. 17). I'liWIfi* and jiiri'«- cllltiell of Siiiregitle ( 'ourt-. To wliiit particiil.'ir Court the gr.iiit ef priiliate III iiiiniinis- tr.itiiiu -hall lie- jiiiig. Kffcct I if ]iriiliate and aii- iiiinistra- tloli. i I 16 KXr/TToliS AM) .\l)MIN'ISI'l?A'IV)IiS. K s. (». i.s!»7. <•. r.u (s. r»s. r. s. o. ism. r.(i>. A>• tiirt'c rollowinj;' s('clu)ns: fon.-ent, he vfiiied :!.■{. Ill every ciise in v.liieh there is (•oiiteiilioii us to tile ^raiit or ii'ijiKii- ,,f j)|.oi,iite or administration, and tlie parties in such case tliereto cat loll til the Hit a;;ree. tlie contention sti.ill be referred to and determined liv the Court. Hiffh Cotii-t on a (-ase V;> ''0(. Is. :;i), R. s. (». issi n (■( rtain of cases conteii tion tcr to l)f rciiiiiv c(l .'M. (1) Any (Uiise or proreediiiir in tlie Siirroirate Courts in which any contention arises as to the ;rriiiit of proliate or adminis- jiiat- ''"•''tion or in wliieli any disjmted ipiestioii :iiay he raised (as to law or facts), relating; tr> matters and causes testamentary, shall he re- in to H nirt. iKl to costs. niovaltle hy any iiarty to the cause or proceeding; into the High (.'oiirl hy oni'er of a .Fudj^'e ( f the said Court, to he ohtained on a summary apiilicatioii. suiiported by allidavit. of which reasonable uotice shall he f;iveii to tlie other parties concerned. (2) 1'lie Judge making tlie order may impose sik h tei-ms as to payment or security lor costs or otherwise as to him seems lit; but no cause or iiroceediiig sliall he so removed unless it Is of such a nature ami of such imjxirtiince as to render it proper that the same should be withdrawn from the jurisdiction of tlie Surrogate ('oiirt 1 disiiosed of by the lligli Court, nor unless the profierty of tlio an< deceased exceeds JfJ.tHK* in vahio. R. S. (). 1807. R. S. O. IHST.c. ."((): ():it. Ac's, is'ii], c. 17. p. .■.). !l (s. .'il, mil Cert; III to he so 1 poll any cause oi' jin uses not Cciurt slitill liavt- full power to determine tli 'ding heiiiu so rnmoved. the High ime. and may cnnse any ipiestioii >f fact ar sing tliei'i'in to he tried hy a jury. id .)ll lerwisp deal ith the same as \\itli any cause or claim originally entered in the said Court; and the final order or jiidg- nient imide hy the said Court in any cause or procet>ding remove'l Tiaiisiiiis- as aforesaid, shall, for tlie gtiidance of the Surrogate Court, be sion of transmitted bv the Surrog.-tte clerk to the registrar of the S'lrro- tinal order ,. .. " i . i ^i i- i i> to Siino- ^'fi<<' Court from which the ian.se or proceeding was removed. R. gate Court S. O. 1S!>. {> R. S. O. 1887, c. 50). See 7,'.' McT.rn,]. IC ]\ R ;i. ADMINISTRATORS. 17 43. The nij;li roiirt luis junsdictioii also to try l!u> validity of last wills and tostaiiionts, and also to appoint adminiistratoi's pendente lite, and would have tin power to revoke any appointment so made. as. Tlio lUiih Court shall liave jurisdiction to try the vallility of last wills and testaments, whotliLT the same- resiiect real or per- sonal estate; and whetlier prohate of tlie will lias hren granted (ir not, and to pronounce such wills and testaments to he void tor fraud and undue influence or otherwise, in the same uianner and to tiie same extent as the Court has jurisdiction to try the valiility of deeds and other instruments. I{. S. O. 1SJ)7, c. 7>1, s. .'58 (Out. Acts, IS'jr., c. l'_\ s. 34). 43. No jurisdl-'tion exists in the High Court of Jus- 1iee nor has any been conferred upon it to revoke the frrant by a Surrogate Court of letters of administration, except under authority referred to in chapter W, post. McPlicrsnn v. Irvine, 2(> O. R. 438. In re Ivory, Ilawkin v. Turner. 10 Ch D. .372. .Turiwlic- ti(Hi of this Act. R. ,S. ^^. 18'.>7, <•. ".!), s. 74 (s. r.7, ) . S. O. 1887. o. 50; Out. Acts. IStlO, c. 17, s. 17). 7.">. The .Tiidge of the Surrogate Court may require stich proof i>,.|„,f,,f,.,,. as he may think suflicient to establish the Identity and relationship I'l''""^'''!'- K.K.A. — '2 m- ai<'- 18 EXECUTORS ANT) ADMIMSTKATORS. li Jiulge ti) Vw satisfied tliut tllf value of tlie (.stiite is less tlian §400. Kcale of fees. of the applicant; and if the Judge has reason to believe that the whole property of which the testator or intestate died possessed ex<'Oods in viiliie the sum of ,$-}0l». lie shall refuse to proceed with the application under the last procedinj,' section until he is satisfied as to the real value thereof. ]{. S. O. l.S!>7 c. .")!), s. 7r»; Out. Acts, l.S!M». c. 17. s. IS. 7*!. Such fees as the I^ieuten)int-(!ovornor in Cotiucil may think proper, shall be payable to the Judges and Registrars of the Sur- rogate Courts, on ]irocoedlngs under sections 74 and 7.">, but the total amount for all proceedings and services to be charged to ap- jilicants shall not in any one case exceed the sum of !j7, c. .v.). s. 7 fees i)ayable on the ."itli day of May, 1^04. in the case of any estate not exceeding in value the sum of .$1,000. Out. Acts, ISOl. c 22, s. 2. •'|l; Appeals. Persons consider- ing tlieni- selves ag- grieved l)y any judg- nient, etc., may appeal to tlie (Jourt of Appeal. Ap]ieals licit to lie ill certain cases. Apjiroval of .'U'coniits by Surro- gate, I udge to Ije bind- ing iiilligli ( 'olU't. 4»». A]ii)('iils from the Surrogate Courts are limited as* follows: ."tti. Any person considering himself aggrieved by any order, sen- tence or judgment of a Surrogate Court, or being dissatisfieii witli the determination of the Judge thereof in point of law in any mat- ter or cause umler this Act, may. witliin lifteen days next after Buch order, seiUenco, judgment or determination, aiipeal tlieiefroni to a Divisional Court of the Iligli ('oiirt, in the manner juid' sub- ject to the regulations jirovided for by tlie I'liles and orders respect- ing the Surrogate Courts heri'tofore in force or by rules or orders made under this Act; and the said Court sliall hear ami determine such ajiiieal; but no such apjieal shall lie had (u- lie unless the value of the property, goods, chattels, rights oi' creclits to lie affected by sueli order, sentence, judgment or xceeds .$2nit. R. S. «>. 1S!I7. c. .v.). s. :!(! (s. ;{;{ K. S. O. 1SS7. c. .lO; Out. Acts. IS'.MI, c. 17. s. <;; ib. IS'.).-), c. i:{, s. -r.). 72. Where an executor or administrator has filed in tln> i)roper Surrogate Court an account of his dealings with the estate of which ho is executor or ailmiiiistrator. and the .ludge has ap|irart, if the executor or ailministrator is siibseiiueiitly required to pass his accounts in the \\\ii\\ Court, sindi iip|U'oval, except so far as mistake or fraud is shown, shall bo biiuling upon any i)(>rson who was notified of the proceedings taken before the Surrogate Judge, or who was present or represented thereat, and upon every one claiming under any such person. K. S. O. 1S',>7, c. 5}», s. 72 (Out. Acts. 1S»(>, c. 20, s. 5). ADMINISTUATOKS. 19 2. Adiiii iii>t- nniiie value ti>tl by )\\. II. . IS'.Hl, Utroval. ,11- upon .fovo the boat, a'u IS'.tT. <' f'nUrst' of adininis- t lilt inn as lirt'scritx'd hvStatiitc. 31 Ivhv. in., Stat. 1. e. 11. •_'l 11.11. VII!., c. .'), s. ;i. 4«. The Stat. :M Edw. HI. Stnl. 1. cai.. 11. provides tlmt in oases of intestacy '• tlie Ordinaries sliall dei)ute (if tlio next and most buvfnl friends of the dead person 1 Ml .'State to administer his j,'oods.'' The power of the Ijtlesiastieal Judfje was a little more enlarj-ed by the Statute 21 lien. VIII. caj*. T), s. :?. which provides that in case any i)erson die intestate, or that executors named in any testament refuse to i)r()ve it, the Ordinary shall i^rant administration "to the widow of the deceased, or to the next of his kin. or to both, as by the discretion of ilie same ordinary shall be thoujiht p;ood." And the same section j?oes on to enact that "• where divers [x'r- .vons claim the administration as next of kin which be equal in dej^ree of kindred to the testator or person de- « ( ased, and where any person only desireth the atlminis- t ration as next of kin, where indeed divers persons be in equality of kindred as is aforesaid, that in every such case the Ordinary to be at his election and liberty to accept any one or more makinj'' reciiu'st where divers do i('(|uire the administration." 4T. The riiirht of the husbaml to be administrator of Hi-riit ..f his wife belonj^s to him exclusively of all other persons, and the Surrogate Judge has no power or elect i(»n to grant it to any other.* It is expressly contirmed by the * S.>o, however, R. S. O. 1S<)7, c. ,7.t. s. .".!) (s. .'>(! R. S. (). IssT, <•. ."id; Out. Acts 1S!(U. c. IT s. lo), wliirli is as follows: Wliei'o .a person has died wholly intestate as to his i)i'o|iciiy. or leaving a will aft'ectiiij,' proporty. Init without hiivini; ai)poiiitcd an executor tliereof willing; and competent to take itrohatc; oi' where the executor was at the time of the death of sucli person 'csident out of Ontario, and it appears to the Court to he ncics- s;iry or convenient in su<'h case, by reason of the insolvcin'V of tile estate of tlie dece.-ised, or otlicr special cii'i^umstanees, to jilioiiit some person to tie the ndiuinistrator of the property of the . '"used, or of any part of such jiroperty. other than tlie jiorsoii who, if 'this Act had not been passeil, would by law liave Ixmmi eii- lilled to a Ki'ant of administration to such jiropei'iy. it shall not be olilitratory upon the Court to urant ailministi-ation of Ihi- property et' such deceased person to the iverson who if this section hiid not enacted would by law have lieen entitled to a i.'rant thereof, but 'lie Court In its discretion may ai)t)oint such person as the Court lu^liand. 1 leiieial power as to appoint- luellt of adminis- tiator under special circum- 4i'* if :. I 11 Right of widow. 20 EXFX'UTOHS AND ADMIXISTRATOHS. Statute 29 Car. II. <•, .'i Avliirli ji^ivcs the liiisbaiul the right notwithstanding the provisions of Statute of Distribu- tions. 22 & 2:5 Car. II. cap. 10. Hit>mphrcy v. liullcn, 1 Atk. 459. 4S. Next as to the right of the widow. The Statute 21 Hen. VIII. cap, 5> s. .'5, directs that the Ordinary sliall, in case of intestacy or refusal to prove the will, grant administration to the widow or next of kin, or to both, at his discretion. In modern practice, the election of the Judge is in favour of the widow under ordinary circumstances. The Court has always held that adminis- tration may be granted to the next of kin, and the widow be set aside upon good cause. For instance, if she luis barred herself of all interest in her husband's estate by her marriage settlement; or where she is a lunatic; or where she has eloped from her husband; or has lived separate from her husband. But the circumstance of the wife having married again is no valid objection. ]»ut if the deceased left children, one of whom supported by the rest applies for administration, the second mar- riage might induce the Court to prefer the child, and I tliink in every case it should. Wcftft V. Necdham, 1 Add. 494. 4!l. Who are the next and most lawful friends or next of kin is prescribed by the Statute of Distributions, 22 & 23 Car. II. cap. 10, which is in force in Ontario. See Black. Comni. Vol. II. 20.3. Hit,'htto. ell, ml V. /.'<«■. IH O. K. 2H2. Sole .id- i»0. The Court prefers caeteris paribus, a sole to t'i'un pre- .joint administration, because it is much better for the estate and more convenient for the claimants on it, since the administrators must join and be joined in every act, thinks fit, upon his giving such security (if any) as the Court di- rects, and every such administration may be as limited as the Court thinks fit. This section is copied from Imp. Act 20 & 21 Vict. cap. 77 (Court of Trobate Act, 1857,) s. 73. A husband may lose tliis right If marriage dissolved on ground of adultery and desertion. See note Wms. p. 349. Next of kin. f erred. ADMIXISTUATORS. nnd the Court never forces a joint administration upon iinwilliuj; parties. In the Goods of Xaijler, 2 Robert. 409. 51. When a person entith'd to administration is I'csident in a l'orei}>n connti'v, the Court will expect that dilijjence will be used to give; him notice of the ap- l)lication, before it will grant administration to another person. Goddanl v. Crcssoincr, P> Phil. iVM. ♦52. In case of a foreijiiier dving int(^state in Ontario, if no question is raised the Court will grant administra- lion to tin? person entitled to the elTects of the deceased jiccording to the law of his own country. If the legal title be disputed, the (luestion will depend on the fact whether the deceased was domiciled within the British dominions or only had a temporary residence there. In iliv a(,od.s of lU'ii'fut, 1 Add. ?.A0. 21 Person I'li- tillcd, resi- dent in a foicifii ciiuntry. Adniiiiis- triition to estate of foreigner. W- \ lliii ♦13. If the intestate was domiciled in a foreign coun- Intestiite try or within the Queen's dominions out of Ontario, a-d- i,',''i"f,*„'.,!ig„ ministration must be taken out here as well as in the '"'•"t'y- S\v. I'v: Tr. 585. ♦^54. In a case of complete intestacy if the Ordinary Manda- would not grant administration as tiie statutes ap- """* '^", I»(»inted, a nuuida.mus lav to comjtcl him. It is a good iKiminis- 1 11 . -. 1 tration. return to such a mandamus that a controversy is depend- ing in the Court, whether there is a will or not. Hex T. nun, 1 w. Bi. (>4o. ♦15. There is a distinction between a, person ap- Distinc- pointed executor ami one entitled to administration as!'"" iK'tiVeen next of kin, with respect to the obligatory conseq\iences ixe(;utor «»f administering the pro])erty of the deceased. An exe- ministra- < utor cannot after j\n act of administration refuse to ''m;";?,h"„ accept the execute.i'ship and take j»robate; but although f" n'lmin- u next of kin may have intermeddled with the ell'ects ' ■■jii '11 ^1 22 EXr:ri'TORS AND ADMIXISTUATOHS. AttcJi-noy of next of kin. Form of 1 Power. and mndo liiiusclf liiiblo iis exocutor do son iort, ho can- not 1)0 conipollod by tho (N)UiM to take upon himsolf tlio ollifo ul' administrator. Ldikj v. Siiiiics. ."> HaK^'. "74; /// tlir ditodsi iif FrU, 2 S\v. iVc Tr. 1-J<>. an. Administration may bo p:i'antod to tho attornoy of all tho r 'Xt of kin, jnovidod thoy rosido out of the conntiy. Ill the <;i,i,ils iif J:I(1(tI(>ii, 4 Ilii^jr. 'JIO. •>7.Whoro lottors of administration arc j-rantod to porsons '.nnloi* a powoi' of attorney from the party eu- titlo() to r 'U'osontation, tho lottors oxpross that thoy aro j-ran. > tho use and bonotit " of thosi; ontitlod. r»ut those Avoids do not oxiludo tho claim of otlu'r per- sons to . ^ij'vo in tl'o property. Aitniiii'Iivr 1. i (ihiitr, 'J, Sim. ."». (Jrant is- g*^ AVhoro a porson is authorized bv a simi)le sued to ' *- ' ^ Attoiiuy. power of attoi'noy to take out administration, the Court ouji'ht to dooroo him such administration as it would have j?rantod to the porson who conferred tho jtower, it he had ajtplied for it himsolf. //( //((■ (/o(k/.s of (loldlioroui/h. 1 S\v. & Tr. 21»."'>. Creditor niiiy .T(l- miiiistcr, wlicn. ♦>!>. If none of the next of kin will take out adminis- tration, a creditor nniy do it on the jj;i'onud that he can- not i>ay his debts until representation to the deceased is made. And therefore administration is only granted to him failino^ every roi)rosontativo. j:inir V. Daroxfa, 1 IMiillim. 177. Procedure oil aij|>lic!i- tioii of creditor. CO. The necessary course when a creditor applies for adniinistrati(m is to issue a citation for tlie next of kin in i)articular, and all others in {general, to accept or refuse letters of administration, or show cause why ad- ministration ouoht not to bt^ j^rantod to such creditor. The next of kin may ai»]»ear to the citation and will ilien bo ])refeired to the creditor, lint if tho next of kin has unduly delayed to take out administration (as where six ADMINlSTllATOItS. montlis elapse from the death of tlie intestate), the credi- tdi' will be allowed his costs. In the Goods of littrhr, 1 Curt. r>OL'. Ol. The followiiij;' statutory juovisions i-elate to this part of the subject: 41. Ill ciise ai»ii'icati()ii is iiiiulc for letters of iKliiiiiiistrutioii by a person not entitled to the same as next of kin to tlie doceased, tiie next of kin, or otliers linvinj; or pretending,' interest in tlie pro- perty of the deeeased resident in Ontario, shall he eitcd or snin- liioned to see the [troceedin^rs, and to show canse why the adminis- tration should not be granted to the person api)Iyinu therefor; and if neithei' the next of kin nor any person of the kindred of the de- ceased happens to reside in Ontiirio, then a copy of the citation or suninions shall be served or published in such manner as may be inovided for by any rules or orders in that behalf. It. S. O. ISKT, r. .-.!). s. 41 (s. .".S, K. S. O. ISST, c. r.O; Out. Acts, 1.S!»0, e, 17, s. 10). 41'. If the next of kin, usually residinjx in Ontario and rpjjularly entitled to administer, happ(>us to be absent from Ontario, the Sur- iiiirate Court havinj; .jnrisdietion in the matter may. in its disere- tiiiii. >;rant a tem])orary administration, and appoint the applicant, or such other i)erson as tiie Court thinks lit, to tie administrator of the property of the deceased person for a limited time, or to bo levoked upon the return of such next of kin as atoresaid. U. S. O. (■ nit. s. 42 (s. :!!». li. S. (). 1SS7, <•. .-)0: (»nt. Acts, ISill). c. 17. s. 11). 4.'{. The administrator so apjiointed shall irive such security as the Court directs, and shall have all the rijjhts ami powers of a .i-'cnei'al administrator, and shall be subject to the immediate con- trol of the Court. K. S. < >. lS!t7, c. .VJ. s. 4:'. (s. 40, li. S. (). l.S,S7. c. r»0). 00. After a jrraut of administration no person shall have [lower to sue or prosecute any action, or otherwise ,'ii-t as executor of the deceased as to the propei'ty comjiriscd in or alTected by such arrant of administration, until such ailministr.ntioii has been recalleil uv rev(d. in. C.l (s. .".S, ]{. S. (>. 1SS7, c. fiO). <»2. Kefore jirantino; letters of adiniuistratiou to a creditor, the t'ourt always riMiuired an athdavit as to the amount of the property to be administered, unless where 28 Proof, etc, recpiisite for obtain- iuK k'rant to party not next of kin to in- tcst.ite. Tempi ir- ary iidmin- i^trationin certain canes. Security ti be given. After Kiant of adniinis- tiMtiou, no |iers(iu to act as adiiiiiiis- tiator. Adniiuis- tratinii limited to pcrsdual estate. m ', > * * 21 EXECUTORS AN'l) AK.MINISTlJAToltS. tlioro has Ixm'Ii a })«'rsonal serviiM? of the usual citation on the parties entitled to the administration in the tirst instance. JSi-iim V. h'doiif, liO li. J. r. iV: M. 0(). «:i. Although liet'ore administration f;ranted ii cre- ditor cannot deny an interest or oi>iH)se a will, yet when he has obtained administration, he has the ri^ht to main- tain it against the execntor of the next of kin, and it is not to be revoked on mere sn^K^'^tion. Mniziva v. Piilbrook, '2 Curt. S21. * i 't In (i.fiiuit «1. I'or want as well of creditors as of next of kin kiiMirof desirons to take ont administration, the Conrt nmy grant eiiditois. ji 1^^ ryj^y person at its discretion; or it may ex otticio p,rant to ii stranger letters ad coUigendnm bona defuncti to gather np the goods of the deceased, Davis V, Chanter, 14 yim. 212, lii. Iiu-ai>.'icity to take grant. Incapaci- ties. <»5. A widow or next of kin who wonld otherwise be entitled, may be incapable of the othce of administra- tor on acconnt of some legal disqnalitication, 0<». The incapacities of an administrator not only comprise those ])ersons who ha\'e been already mention- ed as discinrflilied for the othce of execntor, bat extend to attainder or treason, or felonv or other lawful dis- iibility, outlawry and bankruptcy, not alienage. Old Authorities, Wms. p. ,'587. iviinor. W?. If the next of kin be a minor, administration must be granted to another ])erson during his minority. ^ilil Married woman. Adminis- tration, liow grantt'd. OS. Administration may be granted to a married woman. Ibid. 38S. 4»1>. Administration is generally granted by writing under seal. It may also be committed by entry in the registry without letters of administration under the seal, but it cannot be granted by parol. Ibid. 389. i I ADMINISI'KAIOHS. 25 ?« WliciT llic i»iirtv entitled to LTiiiil of iuliniiiis-l!''t>i>Liiii>f iriition liiis i-enounced, sueh I'eininciiition iiiiiy be re- ti.n. Iracted before the adiiiiiiist raCiou has passed the soal. ^Vt■st V. M'ilby, Lt IMiilliiii. .".7!t. Tl. Adniinislralion in favour of tlie Crown may he i^.'^'j'I'Jiyi';^. j;i-anted to the Attoi'uey-i Jeneral for Ontario under the<'nwii. Ontario Act respect inti Die Administration by tlie Crown of tlie Estates of Intestates.* * 'I'liis Act. is itriuted as an Apiit'iKJix. I- - H !. ! 72. The mode of obtaining; j-rant of a(bninistration or probate of will is a branch of practice which in an uncontested case is a simi)le matter. The recjuireineuts nt tlie statute arc as follows: .'17. fiiK'ss otlierwlso in-ovided liy this Act, or liy tJU" rules or (■nlifs ros[)t'ctini,' Sun-ujjiito Courts, heretofore iri t'on'e, or liore- ■•liter to lie made under this Act. tlu- practice of the Snrroj;atp rourt shall, so far as the circnnistances of the case will admit, he iiccoi'dinji to the practice in Her Mnjest.v's Coni't of I'rohate in Decemher. 1S.-,1». ]{. S. i). . r.o). 1 'nut ice of tlic( 'iiiirt>, ucncrul rule as to. Huf-'liind. as it stood on the r)th diiy 1s;)T !). s. ni (s. ;{4. It. s. (). issT .">S. On every application 1o a Snrrojiate ("onrt for iiroliate of pi f.cto., will or I(>tters of administration, where the testator or intestate leqnisil'; was resident in Ontario at the time of his di>ath, the place of iihode :'/,„..,' ^ of the testator or intestiite at tlie time of his death shall lie made cif )>iiil);iic to aiiiiear hv allidavit of the nerson or siuue one of thi> persons'.' .""'' istiMtion where (le- intestate, ceased resided in ( )iitariii. mill' \\t\: the ai)plicat ion; ami tl icreupon and upon proof of ilu- will. or in case of intestacv, ui)on i)roo| tiial the (h liicihat(> of the will (H- letters of admiuisti-ation las the case niav he) ■hiel iua\' he irraiited under the seal of the Surroi^ate (,'.iurt t( the aiiplieation has heen so made; and the pi'ohate or letters of ad- iniiiist ration shall have effect over the proi>erty of the deceased in Ontario, subject ti> limitation under sciiion Cd of thl^ ill parts .\el or oil lei'wise, K. S. O. l.SiH. !S I- li. S. O. 1SS7 I'.lfect of pl \)f ^riiiiti'd. AHidavit ^'niiiiuiiiiK iipidicii- tion for irrant to lie coiu'lusivc fnr cxcr- lisf (if jiirisdic- tiiiii if il(!t('(l nil. r.ut the .IikIk'' iiiiiy stay pni- I'l'cdiii^'s ill case of in- correct staU^iiK'iit. and that notice of the application lins lieon pulillHliod at least three tiiiu'.s successively In the Ontario (Ja/.ette; iind thereiii»oii and upon l»foof (if the will, or in case of Intt^stacy, npi>n yniof that tlio de- ceased died intestate, iiroliatc? of the will or letters (jf administra- tion, iis the case may lie, may ho (.'ranted under the seal of such Surrogate Court; and the proliat(> or letters of administration shall have effect over the projierty of the deceased in all paiis of (Mitario, snhjcct to limitation under section (!1 of this Act or otherwise. U. S. (). 1S!»7. c. Tilt, s. .'!!» (s. .'!(;. R. S. ( ). ISS". c. .".(►; Out. Acts, 181)0, <•. 17. H. S). 40. The allidavit as to the place of ahoile and property of a testator or Intestate under the next preceding two sei'tions, for the purpose of Kiviiij.; a particular ('onrt jurlsdictlcjn. shall he conclu- sive for the imriioso of authori/inj; the exercise of such jurisdiction; and no jjrant of probate or administration shall he liahle to he re- (•alled, revoked or otlier^ise Impeached hy reason that the testator or intestate had no fixed place of abode witiiln the particular county at the time of liis death, or imd not jiroperty therein at the time of his death; and every probate and administr.-ition granted by a Surro^'ate Court shall elTectually dischar;re and iirolect all persons payinji to or deallnjr witli any executor or administrator thereunder, notwithstanding the want of or defect In such afhdavit as is hereby reiiuired; but in case i! is made to appear to the .Tnd;;e of a Surrogate Court, before wiioni any matter is iiending under tills Act that the place of abode of tln^ testator or Intestate or the situation of his property, ha;; .\t been correctly stated in the affi- davit, tlie .Tudtre may stay all further iiroceedlnjrs, and make such order as to the costs of the proceedings before him iis lie tliinks jnst. 1{. S. (). 1S!)7. c. JIJ). s. 40 fs. :17, H. S. (). 1SS7, c. .".i»; Out. Acts. ISJIO. c. 17. s. !)). S. Administration on Fa ilv re of Appointment of Executor. m: De.itli TS. It often liu])i)ons that a deoeasod, altlionjiii ho ulstatii's. makoH a will, appoints no cxiMiitor or else tho appoint- ment fails. In cither of which events he is said to die quasi intestatus. Old Authority, Wms. p. .'IDO. Failure of aiipoiiit- iiieiit >.f executor. 74. The ap])ointnient of executor fails: (1) Where the person api)ointed refuses to act. [2) Where the per- son a])])ointed dies before the testator, or before he has ])roved the will, or where from any cause he cannot act. (,'{) Where the t^xecutor dies intestate after having? proved the will, but before he had administered all the property i ADMINISTUATOHS. 27 (if llir* (loccnst'd. In all these ciises, as well as where no executor is apjiointed. the Coiii'l must ^.^'ant an adiuinis- liMlion. which is called aWniinisti-ation with the will AdminiH. 1 I'll • . . 1 11 . I • ti-iitioii ih iiiiiiexed. and in the last instance it is also <-alled adinin- /r an execut(M'. and it is plain that the will t(» which |'.'if,',''t'|,,. ii is annexed nnist be similarly piv .-ed, as thonjjli pi-o- will im- bate of it were taken by an execntoi". 2 liliick. f'omm. ^^^,^'^. Can an administrator inted executor.* ( 'onse(iuently the Tourt is left K) the exercise of its discretion in the choice of an admin- istrator acc(U'dinji' to its own practice, and no ]>('rson'has sin h a le};al rijiht to preference as can be enforced by application to the comnipointed, or whei'e the aiijtointed executor fails to represent the testator, the residuary It ^atee, if there be one, is x>i'^*f^'i*''t'd to the next of kin, and is entitled to administratii (hiaiy Icg'atf't'. 28 LXKcrroits and admimsihatoks. Ilepre- sfiitativc of r(v-(i(lii- Jiry legivtfi TS. The iCHldiiJirv Icjjalci', even when! tlu'ro is no present pi-ospect <)!' any residue, is en(ille»l to adininis- Iralion in pid'erence as well to tlie next df kin as also to legatees and annuitants. So he is entitled, lli(ni}ih only residuary lefjatee in trust. Hut the next of kin lias a prima facie ri^lit, and therefore where a party claims as or derivatively from the residue h'^'atee. the burden of proof lies on such party. Alh-hi.sou V. naiiKinl, 2 I'lilllim. :!!(!. T1> Where the residuary legatee survives the testa- tor and has a benelicial interest, his rei)resentative has the same rij^ht to administration with the will annexed as tin? r<'siduary lefj:atee himself, and is therefore en- titled to administration in prefeicnce to the next of kin or the legatees. Thus if aii executor be also residuary lej?atee. and die before probate or intestate, before he Inis fully administered the estate, acbuinistralion with the will annixed shall be granted to his personal re- ])resentative, and not to the next of kin or the first tes- tator. Wddrill V. Mriijht, 2 IMiilliin. 24.'{. •SO. Althoujih it was the i)ractice of the spiritual r'oiirt not 1>()llll(l to Kiiiiit to Court to grant administration to the residuary legatee, hgatlv."^ yet the Court was not bound to grant it to him. In the OiKiils of Eiriii;/, (t P. D. It), 2.",. ifrcHidu- HI. If the residuary h^gatee declines it is usual to dt'clhuis. ' }i''i'ii^ administration cum testanuMito annexo to the next of kin; but it is clear that when he has no interest he may be excluded, and the administration granted to a ixrson who has an interest in the elfects, for instance, a creditor. West V. WUhii, [i rhlllim. ."^Sl. Creditor. H*2. If an executor fails to take probate and there is no residuary legatee, the next of kin are entitled to ad- ministration with the will annexed. If the next of kin decline it such administration may be granted to a lega- ADMINISTIlATdUS. 2f> lee or to a i rcdilor; but notice must Ik; j^ivcn of the ap- plication of llie I('j,'al('o or creditor to thu next of kin. Kooyntra v. nuiiskes, '.\ riillliin. 5.'U. H',l. In all th('S<> cascH ^vIumv a paiiv has a prior cifaticn iilU; t«> a j^rant. he must bo riled before; administration '|'„i'l'y'r,.. is committed to any other person. (Hiirf.l. In the Gooiln of liarkcr, 1 Curt. ."iOS. H\. When (he excrnlor resi(h'S '.ui of t'lo juiisdic- Litter ..f lion administration with tlie will annexed may bo j,M'anted t,, J!'ik,? ii> another person nnder a letter of attorney from the •'"''''.'""*■ ( xeoutor for his use and benefit. A will thus proved by the attorney of an executor is the same thinj; as if actu- ally jiroved by himself. The letter of attorney is revoc- able, and when the executor revokes it and desires pro- bate the Court is bound to grant it to him. In the G'oodt of Barker (1891) P. 251. S5. On the death of the executor the letters of ad- Kifiitof ministration cease to be of any force, and Iherefore the '..xirdtur administrator cannot make a good title if he sells lease- ""I'ttimf iittuini'V. hold i)roperty of the deceased, unless he can warrant lo the purchaser that the executor is alive. ISmrerkrop v. Dai/, 8 A. & K. (524. HH. If a sole executor haj>pens to die without having Death «( proved the will,* the executorship is not transmissible to ,1xec„t()r. his executor but is wholly determined, and administra- lion with the will annexed must bo committed to the person entitled according to the above rules. VTankford v. Wankford. 1 Salk. .'^OS. H7. When the administration is granted under such Kx.cutrir- • ii'cumstances, although the executor may have Jubuin- ^Jj^.'i', '"^„. istered in part by disposing of the testator's effects, yet the administration shall not be de bonis non adminis- tratis but an immediate administration. Wankford v. Wankford, nt sup. *See para;rrai)h .'5.3 anto, which relates to the ease where the first executor has proved the will. I! 80 EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTIIATOHS. SiTof i,y. ^*' ^^ ^^^ ®^ several executors dies before or after erai execu- probate, no interest is transmissible to his own executor, but the whole representation- survives to his companion. In the Gmds of Smith, 3 Curt. 31. S9. The following statutory rules regulate the granting of administration with will annexed: ni. Where adiiiinlstration is granted with the will annexed, a bond shall (unless it is otherwise provided by law) be given to the Judge of the Court as in other cases and with like effect and unless otherwise provided for by this Act, or the Rules or Orders relating valuta of the realty in certain cases. Adminis- tration with the will an- nexed, practice as . „ ^ . . to, etc. *o Surrogate Courts from tune to time in force, the practice and procedure in respect to such administrations and in respect to such bond's, and the assignment thereof shall, so far as the circumstances of the case will admit, be according to the practice in such cases in Her Majesty's Court of Trobate in England, on the r»th day of December, 1859. It. S. O. 1897, c. 59, s. 57 (s. 54, K. S. O. 1887, 0. 50). Applicant 5*'. In every case where any person applies to be appointed an istrationto ^'l"i'"''^trator with the will annexed of a person who died before the de|X)se to 1st day of .Tuly, 188*5, and a l»i)nd is l>y law required to bo given, he shall in Ills application state and in his affidavit of the value of the property devolving shall depose to the value or probable value of all the real estate over which, or over any estate in which, the executor or executors named' in the will or codicil were by the said will or codicil clothed with any power of disposition, or of all the real estate, which, in cas^ of no executor being appointed, was by the will or codicil directed to be disposed of, withotit any person being api)ointod to effect such disposition; and in every such case the bond to be given by such person upon his obtaining a grant of administration with the said will annexed, shall, as respects the amount of the penalty of the bond, and the justification of the sureties, include the amount of the value or probable value so stated and deposed to; and the condition of the bond, in addition to the other provisions thereof, shall provide that the administrator shall well and truly pay over. aiuV account for. to the person or persous entitled to the same, all moneys and assets to bo received by him for or in consequence of the exercise by him of any power over real estate created by the will or codicil, and' which may be exer- cised by him. K. S. O. 1897. c 59, s. 58 (s. 55, K. S. O. 1887, c. 50; Out. Acts, 1890, c. 17, s. 14). Adminis- ^O. Where a surviving executor or sole executor tiation./c ^m^^ after probate intestate, no interest is ti'ansmissible to his own administrator; but administration of another AIXMINISTUATOKS. 01 sort becomes necessary, which is called administration de bonis non, that is, of the goods of the original testator left unadministered by the former executor. T'uiijrey v. Brown, 1 Bos. & I'nll. 310. M. The administrator dc bonis non will, when ap- Effect of pointed, be the only representative of the party originally po^„'tuie„t deceased. 02. If a party who, as next of kin to the testator Hepn'- at the time of his death, was entitled to administration, of"„ex't of dies before letters of administration are obtained, his '^'"• representative is entitled to the grant in preference to one who has no beneficial interest in the effects, although he may have become next of kin at the time the grant was required. Savage v. Blythe, 2 lla-ag. Ai)i)on(lix, l.">0. OS. Where such administration has been granted to Admniis- two, and one dies, the survivor will be sole administrator. |,™'It",i t<. Upon the death of such surviving administrator, or of a V^"' ""'^' sole administrator, in order to ettect a r<'presentation of the first intestate, the Court, whether the administrator died testate or intestate, must api)oint an administrator de bonis non. i ®4. With regard to the power and authority of pnwcr uf an administrator de bonis non, he becomes only a \)ov- t\'.!^tl|,'.',7t' sonal representative of the original deceased, and with '""'"* 'W'»- respect to the estate left unadministered by the former exe<'utor or administratoi-, he has tlu> same ])ower and authority as the original n'jtrcscntative, for he succeeds to all the legal rights wliich belonged to tlie f(>rin<'r exe- cutor or administrator in his representative character. 2 Blaclv. Comm. 50(5. 1>»5. An administrator de bonis non is entitled to ]}j^,i,f, „f all the goods and personal estate, such as terms for vears, '"•'''i">«- household goods, etc., which remain in specie and were '"mis mn. not administered by the first executor or administi-ator. If an executor receives money in right of his testator. 32 EXECUTORS AND ADMIN'LSTHATOHS. Limited iuliiiinis- tration. and lays it up by itself and dies intestate, this money shall go to the administrator de bonis non, being as easily distinguished to be part of the testator's effects as goods in specie. And wherever assets are in the hands of a third person at the death of an administrator or executor, intestate, the administrator de bonis non may sue for their recovery. Lnngford v. Malionij. 4. Limited Adniinistmtions. OO. Besides the administrations already discussed, which extend to the whole property of the deceased and terminate only with the life of the grantee, it is com- petent to the Court to grant limited administrations, which are confined to a particular extent of time or to a specified subject matter. Wins. 415. Dun I lit I' III inure utale. Several executors, one an infant. Discretion of Court. ?>T. If a person appointed sole executor, or he to whom in case of intestacy the right to administration has devolved under the statute, be under age, a peculiar sort of administration must be granted, which is called an administration durante minore ae^^ate. In the fonner case it is obviously a species of administration cum tes- tament© annexo. AVnis. 410. OS. If there are several executors and one of them is of full ag(\ no admiiilstralion of this kind ought to be granted, because he who is of full age may execute the will.* This sort of administration has been frequently held not to be within the statute of 21 ITcnry VIII. ca]>. 5, and consequently it is disirelionary in the Court to grant it to such persons as it sliall think fit. Infant not liable on a devjiHtavit ; Youikj v. Piirven, 11 0. 1^ 587. !m. In the exercise of this discretion it was the prac- tice of the Spiritual Court to grant tlie administration to • Pnrngraph 2, above. West v. Wilhif, 3 riiillim. ;{7S). i ,1 i ADMINISTRA'nJUS. 88 ilu' ^Miiii'diaii, wliom tli.at Court liad a rijjht by law to ap- point for a personal estate. ISce John v. lirmlbunj, L. R. 1 T. & D. L'45. 100. liy Statute :?S (Jeo. III. cap. 87, s. 0, it is en- 38 Geo. ^^ acted that Avheie an infant is wole executor aduiini- infant si I at ion Avith the will annexed shall be {^ranted to the*''''''"*"''' miardiau of such infant, or to such other person as the Spiritual Court may think tit, until such infant siuill have obtained the full aj;e of twenty-ono years, at which jieriod, and not before, ]u-obate of the will shall be jiranted to him. See section 2, ant.-. 101. The limit of the administration of an adminis-Sale by tiiilor durante minore a'tate is the minority of the person t".i"''""*' (inlv. A power of sale siven to executors or administra- ''"'""''' III I lion' tors may be executed by au' administrator durante mi- "/"/«•. nnre a'tate. MuiiHvU V. Aniislriiiiij, L. H. 14 I0<|. 4'J.".. Src lie f'o/K', 10 C. D. 4!). Re Thompson v. McWiUiai 1 I. K.8r)() 102. An administrator durante minore a-tate who Waste by lias wasted the s<»ods of the deceased, cannot be charjjed ([.'.|",'|!''*" I>\ a creditor as executor de son tort after the infant ''"'""'e iiiiiKirc has ol)tained his majority, because the administrator niiit. tiie time had lawful ])ower to administer. lirookhii/ V. Jcnninijs, 1 ]Mutl. 174. 10*i. Tn case of a coiitrovei*sy in the Si)iritual Court foncerninft' the ripht of administration to an intestat<'. it seems to liave been always admitted that it was com-' IM'lent to the Ordinary to a]ti)oint an administrator pen- "icnte lite. The following" is the ]»rovlsion of the Onlario .\('t on this ])oint. (Taken from section 70, Imp. Act. 20 vV- 21 Vict. cap. 77) : ~>(\. rf-iKliiijz !Ui artioii tonrliinj; Ihc vnlidity of tho will of any 8 Geo. III. cap. 87, remedied this fj{'^%. ;!. ll!>. An executor may })orform most of the acts Anadmin- appertaining to his office before probate, liut am d!!' with respect to an administrator, the general ""\''l"^' "^'^ rule is that a party entitled to administraticm can do fe''in>t. Jiothing as administrator before letters of administration are granted to him, inasmuch as he derives his authority not like an executor from the will, but entirely from the appointment of the Court. Wankford v. Wankfonl, 1 Salic. ,301. 120. Letters of administration have been held to Afi"''"!"- have a relation to the death of the intestate so as to give niat'ion.** 88 EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS. a validity to acts done before the letters were obtained. Thus if a man takes the goods of the deceased as execu- tor de son tort and sells them, and afterwards obtains letters of administration, it seems the sale is good. Hill V. Curtis, L. H. 1 E<]. 90, 100. Irice V. liobiiiHon, IG O. II. •iU'd. Acts must 121. The administration by relation exists only in henptitof those cases where the act is done for the benefit of the tl.e estate, estate. Mtinjun V. Thomas, S Exch. .302. ilr RENUNCIATION AND HETUACTATION. 39 CHAPTEE III. RENUNCIATION AND RETHACTATION. 122. The otik'e of executor being a private one of if* fusai by trust named by the testator and not by the law, the per- son nominated may refuse tliough he cannot assign the oHice, and even if in the lifetime of the testator he has ii,ureed to accept the oflice, it is still in his power to It cede. Doyle V. niukc, 2 Scli. & Lef. 239. Vaiiiitto V. Mitchell, 13 Cliy. fJCo ; Iravem v. austiii, 20 Cliy. IOC). Konimciatioii a forfeiture of bequest. Piiton v. lltcksoii, 25 Chy. 54."). »5 12JJ. But though the executor canuoL be compelled May ha lo accept the executorship, yet by Statute 21 Hen. VIII. tn"ap,„.ar ciip. T), s. 8, the Ordinary might convene before him any ^^"^'' ^'"• person nuule and named executor of any testament " to the intent to prove or refuse the testament," and if he neglected to appear he was punishable by excommuni- riition. Wms. p. 225. 124. The time allowed to the person named execu- Time al- ter to deliberate whether he will accept or refuse the ,it.\Vh,.r;v-'^ executorship is uncertain, and left to the discretion of '^"'"• tlie Judge, who has been used at his pleasui-e not only within the year, but within a month or two to issue his citation. 125. If he appear either on citation or voluntarily Teinpor- and ask for time lo consider whether he will act or not 'isuVition" the Ordinary might grant a temporarv administration in '"'^v tw " ^ '^ ^ ' grunted. the meantime, but if he ajjpears and refuses to act or fails to appear, administration cum testamento aunexo will be granted to another. 1§ I, ;. .■'■J ll 40 EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTUATOUS. Wh.n 12«. j{y Statuto 21 & 22 Vict. cap. 05, s. 1(5/ whcn- «as«'S!ift. r cvei" an executor appointed in a will survive a lestator, citation, i^jjj. jij^.j^ without liaviii}? taken i»robate, ami whenmM'r named in a will, is cited to take probate, and does not appear to such citation, the rij;lil of such person in re- spect to the executorship shall wholly cease, and Ihe representation to the testator and the adminisli'ation of his elTects sliall jjfo witliout any further renunciation, as if such person had not been ai»pointed executor. H(;W ch'O- tion (U'tcr- iiiiiu'd. Rffusal may he ac cepted. 12T. AHhou^'h an executor has his election whether he will accept or refuse the executorsliip, yet he may de- termine his election by acts which amount to an adminis- tration. For if lie once administer it is considered tliat he has already accepted tlie executorsliip, and tlie (Joiirt may compel him to prove the will, or may accept a re- fusal nolwitlistandiiiji: he has administered, but only on terms of his passing? his ac(!oun1s, and perhaps of paying the costs out of his own pocket. Mcmhiiint v. Clarkv, L. R. 1 V. Sc D. r>9l.>. McLhmaUl v. McDonaU, 17 A. It. l'J2, amrmed, '21 S. C. R. 201. Qug„f 12S. If one of several executors, after intermed- Mtvcralre- dliui^ with the etfects renounces, his renunciation is in- nouncinj:;. ' valid. In the Goods of limlciiovh. .", Sw. & Tr. 4V>r>. What acts 120. As to wluit acts will amount to an administer- acceptauw i"ff' ^"^^1 ^^ ^^ render an- executor compellable to take probate, two jjeneral rules may be laid down: first, That wiiatever the executor does with relation to the goods and effects of the testator which shows an intention in him to take upon him the executorship, will re<;ularly amount to an administration; second. That whatever acts will make a man liable as executor de son tort will *-* V, \.tJ 11 M. K M • Tills statute was passed iieforo ntli Decemhe r. 18.-)9, L 1» 111 and is therefore iiieorjtorated into our pi'iictice. R. S. O. l.S!»7, c. ult. s. ;!7 (R. S. O. ISST. 0. r>0, s. lU) /i'<; Monti \th. 10 V R. \\?A Tills section is wider than section U5 of our Act. 8ee that section at end of p. this chapter. HKNl'NCIATIOX AND ItKTUArTATFOX. 41 he (leonu'd an election of the exccutoi'sliip. What con- stitutes " internu'ddlinj; " will bo (liscussed later on. Wins. |). 'J'JS. Sic hcctioii ll'iT pdMt, IJIO. With respect to the mode ol' refusal by the .M,..i. .,f executor, it is laid down that refusal cannot be verbally "*'""' or by word, but it must be by some act entered or re- corded in the Sui'ro<;ate Court. I'.ut if an executor .send a letter to the Ordinary, by whicli hv. I'enounces. and the refusal be recoi-ded. it is suttlcient. Accordinj;ly. it has been held tlial a renunciation need not be undi-r seal. LiiiiH V. SiiiiiiK, ?, H;i>,'»,'. 77(i. IJJI. Tntil the refusal is recorded uo person can k, fM>ii take administration. GaiTiird v. (Idmnul, I., n, 2 V. i"c D. 23S. must 111- I'fCdi'di'd. '"f :i l\t'traota- tidii I if rt'- niniL'iariiin 1JJ2. An executor cannot in part refuse. lie must H.fu>Mi /. J • 1 j_ L It must lif I'ofuse entirely or not at all. intii.'. Uroukc V. Ihtymvs, L. R. E(i. 2T>. IJJJi. An executor who renounced niijiht foi'inei'ly at any time before the grantinj:^ of administration cum testanu'nto annexo retract his renunciation, but the On- tario Act, section 52 (taken from Imp. Act 20 & 21 Vict, cap. 77, s. 71)) provides as follows: ()."». Where .i person reiiuiincos prolmtc oT tlii^ will of wliirji lie is niipoiiitiMl executor ("or one of tlie executors) his rijrhts in respect of the executorship sliall wliolly cease, and the represpiittitioii to the testator nnd the iuhninistration of his effects shall and may without any furtiier renunciation f,'o, d'evolve and hv committed in Mice manner as if lie liad not been ap])ointcil executor. R. S. ( ). 1S!»7, c. r><). s. 0.". Cs. 02. R. S. O. 1SS7. c. .")(),). \{\ii\a .if CXcOUtdl' rcniMiM- ciM^; pni- llMtl-, til ccasf aljso lutcly. 134. If a debtor makes his creditor au'd another his Diiitm executors, and the creditor neither intermeddles nor ^!|.'',Uf,„ proves the will, he may briny: an action against the (»ther. Tinwlinson v. Shaw, 3 Term Rep. 557. 42 EXECIJTOIIS AN'I) ADMIN'ISTIUTOIIS. CHAPTEK IV. ADMINISTRATION liONI). Former 1JJ5. 'piic Statuto 21 Hon. VIII. cap. 5, s. 3, directs Htiitiitiirv . ' ' i)r()visi..ii.s. Ilie Ordiiiiiiy (o j^ranl: admliiislralion, takiiifj; suroty of him or tlicin 1o whom shall be made such rommissiou. And tho Statute 22 & 23 Car. II. cap. 1(», s. 1, further lirovld(>s that the Ordinaiy shall take sufticient bonds, with two or more able surdies in llic form fjiven b}' the statute ]>rovidin^ for (1) the making of an inventory; (2) to administer well and truly; (3) to make a true and just account of his administration; (4) to deliver and pay the residue as the Judp^e sliall appoint, and (5) to deliver up the letters if the will shall appear. PreHont law. Repeal of Cfi'tiiin provis^idns ir(|iuriiij; Niiii'tics to ii(liiiiiiis- trator. 21 H.'ii. VIII. c. 5 ; 22S far. II. c. 10; 1 .las. c. 17. IJitt. The Ontario Statute on tliis point now pro- vides as follows: OS. So much of the Act passed in tho 2lst yeni- of Kinjr Henry tlie Eighth, anil rlinptorcd ,%. and of tho Aot passed in tlie 2Und and 2;>rd years of King Cliarles the Second, and chaptered 10, and of the Act passed in the 1st year of King James the Second, and chap- tered 17, as requires any suret.v, bond or other security to be taken from a person to whom administration may be committed, shall not extend to or bo in force in Ontario. R. S. O. 1807, c. 59, s. 08 (s. iVA, It. S. O. 1887, c. 50). 61). Except where otherwise provided by law, every person to whom a grant of administration is committed shall give a bond to the Judge of the Surrogate Court from which the grant Is made: to enure for the benefit of the Judge of the Court for the time be- ing (or in case of the separation of counties, to enure for the bene- fit of any Judge of a Surrogate Court to bo named by tho Higli Court for that purpose), with one or more surety or sureties as may bo required by the Judge of such Surrogate Court, conditioned for tlie due collecting^ getting In and administering the real and per- sonal estate of the deceased, and the bond shall be In the form pre- scribed by the rules and orders now in force or hereafter made under this Act; and in cases not provided for by such rules and ADMIN'ISTUATIOX l»o\n. orders, the boud sliiiU bi' in such form as the .TiuIko of the Siirro- jriite Court niny by siu'djil onK-r direct. U. S. (). l.S!>7, o. r»'.>, ». (JO (s. ('.4. U. S, O. 1S,S7. c. ')(»). 70. Subject to the i)n)vlsious of stctloii r)S of this Art, lli«' bond Bhall bo in n penalty of double the amount under which the real and personal estate and effects of the deceased have been sworn, uidess tiie Jud>,'e thinks ht to direct (as he may do) that tlie sanio shall be redured, and the Judge may also direct that more bonds than one may be Kiven, ho as to limit the liability of any surety to such amonnt as tin- JudKe thlnlis reasonable. U. S.O. 1S!I7, c. iilt, s. 70 (s. (ir., U. H. O. 18S7, c. 50). 71. 'I'lie .Tud^e, on application made on niutlnn or petition in a summary way, and on being satisfied tluit tlic condition of tiie bond lias been brolion, may order the registrar of the Court to assign the same to some person to be named in tlu' order, and sudi person, his executors or administrators, siuili tliereupon bo entitled to sue (Ml tlie said bond in ills own name, as if tlio same had been originally y:iven to liini, instead of to tlie Judge of the Court, and sluill be entitled to recover thereon, as trustee, for all persons intt^restcd, tlio f>ill amount recoverable In respect of any breacli of tlie con- dition of the bond; and all bonds heretofore given or taken in any Surr()gat(> (,'ourt, and now in force, may in like manner lie assigned under the authority of a Jiulge of the Hurrogate Court, and tlie assignee shall be entitled to sue ami recover tliercon in Ids own name, and the same nuiy b<> enforced in tlie same way and to tlie same extent as lionds given under tliis Act. I{. S. (>. 1SW7, c. .'>i), s. 71 (s. ",i\ n. s. (). 1SS7, c. r.o). 7;i. (1) Xotwitiistandiug anytiiing to tlie contrary contained in any l)ond or oilier security heretofore or hereafter made and eii- ter(Hl into witli res[)ect to the administration of an estate, or in any letters probate or letters of administration, no executor or adniliils- trator sliali be compellable to render an account of his executor- ship or administration to the Surrogate Com-t witliin eigiiteen months, except in cases in wiiicdi a party interesteii in an estate takes i>roceedings to obtain an inventory and accounting, or in wld'-h infants are interested in sucli inventory and accounting. 7:5. (12) Tlie oaths to be taken by executors and administrators, an'' the bonds or otlier security to be given l>y adniinistraturs, and letl»rs probate and letters of administration liereafter issned, sliail require tlie execntor and administrator to render a just and full account of his executorship or administration only when tliereunto lawfully r.Miuir- ' R. S. O. 1897, c. ">!), s. 73 (Ont. A prove it j»er testes or in solemn form. And upon this citation, if I lie executor does not sutliciently prove the will, the probate will be revoked. Jlhihc V. K nil/lit, ;j ("int. .".:!. Executor may Ix; cited by next of kin. Xo HCC citation .SCO pro- ceeding,',- nd 140. If the will has been proved in solemii form (uther by the executor himself, in the tirst instance, or upon citation, as above stated, and the next of kin have been cil<'d U) see jiroceedings, (hey cannot afterwards by a. fresh citation again put the executor (ui i)roof of the will, but if fraud be shown, or a later distinct will be Set uj), then the parly having an interest under such later will may again cite the I'xecutor who has succeeded in j)roving in soh'iiin form, and obtain a revocation of the probate. Iftitcliffc V. nanus, -J S. iV: Tr. 4S(J. >fi. REVOCATION OF PKOUATK. 141. An iidministi'atioii niav be rovokcd where it ^{"voca- tion (if iul- was granted in an iri'ejj^ulai' manner, as where the next ininistm- of kin comes too hastily to take out the administration'^"'""" witliin tlie fourteen days, or where it has been granted witliont ciilnj;' the n(H.'essary parties, in whieh ease the adniinistrati(ui thouf;!! not void is voidable. 112. Ajiain, an administration may be revcdced ifNtxtof a next of kin to whom it has been eommitted beecmies ,.„m7'w", non comjtos or otherwise inoapal)h>. or it has been said if ^'^^' he f^oes beyond sens. i4J5. The Court may repeal its jjrant of administra- (Jrant ..' tion wlien made to othe" than the next of kin, or to one ^J.1|"|'",J''' of kin but not next of kin, or to a creditor before t he ^'"'f^iii'lt'- r( nunciation of tlie next of lranted to the same person (ad eundem). "'/'"/"/"". I4»>. The jurisdiction lo remove an executor was ].,,„.,.,. t„ formerlv doubtful even iiv the l]i relieved fi'oiii the duties of odice. or of any executor or adininistrator cumplainiiiLr of the conduct of ;i, co-executor or co-administrator, or of any [lei'son interested In the estate of the deceased. ii Siil)jrct to aiiv rulesto Iv mude under thi-< A<'' the practice in force for the reuKival of any othe,- trustee shall ]diii.trs to he t.'iken in th.^ Ilifrh Court under this section. I{ S () IS'.lT. c. .-.it. s. ;!!» tOnt. Stat. IS'.Ui. c. IS. s. H) Snlisection 4 is tli(> sjime as suI)S(>ctiou 2 ahove. Siihsection T) is already quoted, paragraph .'U, ante Rulisectloii is the same as section (17 atiove. If 46 EXECU'J'OIIS AND ADMIXiSTIt ATOUS. Practice. Rt'v. Stat. c. 50. Order for removal. Caveat. Vractiee r('si)eetiiif,' caveats. Court, hut iiotliiuj; iu this .section ountained shall alTect the jnrisilic- tioii of a SurroKato Court t.) revoke a >,'rant of i)r()hate o^ of letters of administration in any case where, prior ti, tlie 7th day of ^nril, ]S!)(i. it possessed such authority. (2) Where the executor or administrator removed is not a sole executor or administrator the Court need not, unless it sees lit, appoint any person to act iu the room of the person removed, and if no such appointment Is made the rights and estate of tlie execu- tor or administrator removed shall pass to the remaininj; executor or administrator as if tlie person so removed had died. (Out. Acts, 1SIM5, c. 120. s. 1. li. Subject to rules made under this Act, the practice in the Surroy:ate Courts under this section slndl be the same as nearly as nuiy be as the practice in force in respect of proceedings for the revocation of },'rants of probate. (Ont. Acts. ISOO, c. 20. s. 2.) 07. A certified copy of the order of removal shall be filed with tlie Surroj.'ate clerk, and another copy with the refiistrar of tlie Surrogate Court, by whieh prt)bate or administration was granted, and such oflicers siiall at or upon the entry of the grant in the registers in tlieir respective oflices make, in red ink, a short note giving the date and elTect of tlie order, and shall also make a refer- ence thereto in the index of the register at tli(> place where such grant is ind'exed. (Ont. Acts, 181)0, c. 20, s. 4.) 14ii. It is usual wIhm'o tlioro is a quostion about a will, or whcu ilic right of adiniuistraliou coiues in dis- I)u1o, to outer what is called a caveat, which is a caution entered iu' the Court Of Probate to stop probates, ad- ministrations, faculties and such like from beinjif granted without the knowledge of the person that enters. A caveat is a mere cautionary act done by a stranger to prevent the Court from doing any wrong, and, therefore, administration ov probate granted contrary to a caveat entered shall not stand good. 147. The provision of the Surrogate Courts Act as to the jtractice on caveats is as follows: .^)2. Caveats against the grant of proliate or administration may be lodged with the Surrogate clerk, or with the i-egistrar of any Sur- rogate Court, and, subject to any rules or oi'ilers under this Act, the practice and procedure under such caveats shall as nearly as may be correspond with the practice and procedure under caveats in use on the 5th day of December, IS.IO, in Iler Majesty's Court of Probate in England. R. S. O. 1897, c. 50, s. 52 (s. 41), U. S. O. 1887, c. 50). HKVOCATION OF I'liOHATi:. 47 T4H. If an adininisiration has been properly >«'"')«'^-i- . . til III of 11 •granted it cannot be revoked, even on the application of \,vn\,vr the administrator himself, and althoufih he has not in- ^''■'" ' termeddled with (he effects; at all events unless some ^trong• ground for the revocation be shown. Ill the Goods of Reid, 11 P. D. 70. .1 i: ii I 14t>. It renuii'T! to consider what effect the revoca- Kff.ot-.f tion of prol)ate or ! -Iters of administration has on tlu!"^'"^'' "'"' iLternu'diate acts < / the former executor or adminis- trator. 1»>0. The first important distinction on this sul)ject is between grants which are void and such as are merely Avoidable. If the grant be of the former description, the mesne acts of the executor or administrator done be- tween tlie grant and its revocation shall l^e of no validity. As, if administration be granted on the concealment of a will and afterwards the will appear, inasmuch as the grant was void from its commencement, all acts per- formed by the administrator in that capacity sliall be equally void, nor can they, although the executor should refuse to act, be made good by relation. Dlstiasuish liojntU v. lio.viill. 27 <". ]). 'Jl'O; in wliiih case iu the supiirossi'd will um (>.\('c\itiirs wi'iv' ap- pointed. Di'itiiio tioii ht- twccii vdiil ami void- ill lie ^Taiits. 151. As between the rightfu! representative and Act ..f the person to whom the execiitor or administiatnr under' a void i)robate or grant of lettei-s lias aliened the ell'ects of the deceased, the act of alienation, if d(»ne iu the due course of administration, shall noi lie void. I»it2. The following seetions of the Surrogate Courts /;■ n" //■/.■ Act seem to pi'ovide fullv for the validitv of pavments I';'^,T"!"|j under revoked grants: upiHi.i. 015. Ill case any probate or ailniiiiistratiini is revuki'il uiuliT this i>;,^,,„.„t.s .Vet, all payments bona fide made to any cxociitor or administrator iiiult r pro- under such probate or administration before the revoration thereof. "'^'"'."•^ shall be a legal discharge to the person making the same; aud the tratioa 48 EXECL'TORS AXD ADMINISTKATOKS. iiftcrwards executor or adniiiiistrator who ]ias acted under sudi revoked pro- l?u\';il'i(l. *' ^^^^ °^" "•l'"i"i*'tration, may retain and reimburse liiniself in respect of payments made by him, whicli tlie person to wliom probate or administration may be afterwards granted mi^ht have lawfully made. K. S. O. 1SI>7, c. 5U, s. O-'J (s. GO. II. S. (>. ]S!S7, <•. 50). I'ersons (J4. All jiersons and corporations making or permitting to be ing'i.ii.v- """'° '^"•^' l'i>.\"'i'"t (>!■ transfer 1m. na lide upon any probate or letters mcnt upon of administratiun granted in rcsjiect of the estate of any deceased l^vAuuX to P^^^^" """'<-'■ ^^^^ authority of this Act, sliall be indemnllied and b.'iiidci'ii- protected in so doing, notwithstanding any defect or circumstance niKfd, etc. wliatsoever affecting the validity of the probate or letters of ad- ministration K. S. O. 1807, c. 5!>, s. (i4 (s. 01 R. S. O. 1,S,S7, c. 50). The above sectictns arc taken from sections 77 and 78 of Imp. Act 20 & 21 A^ict. cap. 77. ANCILLAItV I'lJOl'.ATI': AN'I) ADMIN'ISTUATFON'. 49 (iTAP'Jl?:R VI. AXf'ILLAKV PKOr.ATE AM) ADMIXISTKATION. 15J5. [f ;i forcifiii oxcculoi' sliould fiiul it noeossary Foi'i)^" to iiislilnic ii suit in Ontario to recover a «lebt duo to his testator, he nuist ])rove the will here also, oi* a [XTsonal I'eid'esentalive must l>e tiled. I'xcc'iiti'r ni( >ntarii). All'irn('!i-(l' IK nil v. liiiinrcns, I 'SI. ^ W. 1!).' 151 ] n oi'(h'i' to sue in aiiv Coui't in Ontario in r(,' pr .l.;a. tmtiDii. s]»eet of the projierty of a (h'ceased ^lei'son, the plaintitY inimii must appear to have obtained pi'obate or letters of ad ministration in a Smrojiate Court of this ]»rovin(;e. On llu.' ground of letters testamentary or administration .U'ranted to the phiintilV in the counti'v where the deceased di(Ml aiuillai-y* ])robate or acbninistralion will be jji-auted, ViniqnrVm v. lUntanl, 15 (". P.. \. S. .'Ill; Emthln v. Wijlii'. 1o II. 1,. I'.i. Kee I'ritchind v. SLuulurd Li/,'. 7 O. 11. !><>< ; /I'c O'llricii, :{ O. R. 8'2(j. 1*5»>. Likewise if a will be made in a foreign country Foreign and ]U'o\('d there, disposinii' of projieily in Ontario, the executor must ]u'ove the will here also. (Jeuerally s]teakiuj:". the Surrojiate (Nuii't iiv this country will adoi)t the decision of the Court of Trobale in the foreijiu coun- try in wliich the testator died domi<». All personal ]»i'o]iei'fy follows the pei'son. and HiLrhtsof the rifi'hts of a ])ersoii constituted in O; robiit<,' or iulniinisti-iitioii in Oiihirio siuiiliii- rights in coiinlricH wlicrt' I'ciil iind pcisoiiiil iii-ojicit v iiic j^ovcincd by dif- ferent; I'ules. li>S. If ii should become neeessarv that the i'ourls Courts \v(.ul!>. Tliou<;h the executoi' of a man who has died todomiciled iu' Ontario be not able (o sue in a foi'<'i^n Court by virtue of the Ontario jtrobale any more than he can sue in an Ontario Court by virtue of a foi'ei<;n pi'obale, yet for the ]>ui'pose of suinji' in an Ontaiio C(turt, a pro- bate obtained in the ]>ropei' Coui't here extends to all the jx'rsonal ]iro|M'rty <»f the deceased wherever it is situate at the time of his death, whether in Ontai'io or in' Great ISritain, or in any country abroad. Eawof (loiiiicilo pfovcrns siu.'ccssion of pcison- alt.v, and also wliat is the last will. lOO. Tile law of the country in which the deceased was domiciled at the time of the deatli. not only decides the course of disti'ibution or succession as to the jierson- alty, but reji'ulates the decisi(m as to what constitut<'S the last will without rejjjard either to the ]»lace of birth or dealli. (U' the situation of the projK'rty at the time. MilJii- V. .hiiiKx. L. R. ;! I'. \- I). 4. lOl. When it is said that the law of tln^ country liaw of ])articMlar (loiiiicilc of domicile must re«iulate the succession, it is not always govern. meant to spealc of the ji'eneral law. but in sonu' instances of the ]iarticulai' law which the country of domicile a])- plies to the case of foreij^ners dyinj;' dcuniciled there, and 1 ANCILLAltV I'.vOl'.ATK -SXl) AD.MIXI.STIIATIOX. wliicU would I'ol Itc iii»i)li('(l lo a iiiitiiviil-boni snl»j<'ct of lliiii I'onnlry. Set" Cdlli'i- V. Nini:, 2 Curt. S"t\ Mult is-< v. Mnltdis, :i Cint. li.-.l. HitJ. Il lias lircii the iniK'licc upon jiroduciii^' an F.mi>,'n ix<'ni|ilitit'(l <(»pv of llif jirobato ^nanlcd by llic r-i'opt'r i,,:,-,,!!,,^.,.^, (Vmri ill a coiiiilry wlicrt- the dtMcjiscd died domiciled '"''i'- ioy tile Coillt licic lo foll(»w tile ^laiit Upon lllc itpplica- tioii of the cxt'culoi- in dccn't'iu};' its own probate. //( //(<• (;<,(,ils . l'>o. il •y IV s les !•- 1 !<»:{. When tile Couit is salislied tliat tlie testator Ailminis- (lied domiciled in a foreij^u c(Hiiilry. and tliat liis will [,':'l.',f"(,li',i contained a jiciieral aiipoiiitment of executors, and ^'"^ [^i)'„',j.'['''^' liccn duly authenticated by those executors in tin i>roi)er rourl in tlie foreijiii country, it is the duty of the Siirro- ••ate Court in this province to tlotlie the ftu-eijiu execu- toi's with ancillary letters of ju'obate to enable lliciii tt) pel |iossessi(Ui of lliai part of the perstuial estate which \\;is locally situate in Oiitariti. Hiiiiliiii V. \l'////('. 10 11. I.. 11. UiL;lits of forei^'n ciuilitcus. Milne v. Moore, 21 (>. 11. l."i(i. llil. \\\ Iniiieiial Statute known as the Colonial rrobales .\cl. ISiH* \7\'\ & ")(» \'icl. c. (Ji. ]»rovision is made foi- llie recognition of colonial jtrobates in the I'liiled Kiiiiidom. This Act is j)riiited as an appendix. Th(> rojlowinii' sections of the Ontario Statute contain the iceojiiiition desired by the Inii>erial authorities; TS. \\'lifr(> any id-ciliato or li'ttcrs of Miliiiiiiisiration, or utiicr h \i:\\ cldcniiii'iit inii'iinrtiiii; in he of ilu' siiiiic iiaturc. irr.-intcj by a <'iiiir1 iif ((iiiiiK'ti'iit .jiirisdictiiiii in the t'niicil Kiniiiloni. or in any I'l'oviiii'c (ii- t('iTit(ir\- of tin' I)iiniini(in. nr in any nlliiT IJriiisli I'ro- vinci'. is pi-dilurcd to. ami a ropy tlicrcof ilcpositcMl wiiii, tln' I't^iris- trar nl' .'iny Surrojiatc Court of tliis I'l'uvinct', anil tlir prcsniln'il frcs Mi't' paid as on a jrrnnt of proliatc oi- administration, tin- pio- liatf. or IcttiM's of adininistr.T.tion or otiior dociiincnt aforesaid, shall, under the direction of tlie .Tudue, lie scaleil witii tln' seal of the said Snrroi.''iite Conrt. iind slnill tlierenpon he of the like foreo ;ind effect in Ontai'iu, as i-espeds personal estate only, as if the same had heen oriiriiially frraiited liy the said Surrogate dmrt of tliis Wilis njudi! liy I'.ritish' snlijccts dvintjuftcr i;th Au- gust, ]>m;i. ■f ■ if- 1 1. i £: •'■|:^^ . '- 1 52 l)i>tiil)ii- tiiJii liy < )iit;ui() Court. Imp. .Act, •-':? ct -J} V, c. 114. EXKCI'TOItS AND ADM INI.STK.V !( »I!S. l'r(i\iiir(', iiiid sliiill (so t'jii" i's rcuJirds tlii.s I'niviiico) he siilijfct to liny ord'Ts )!' the last iiK'iUioiicd Coiirl, ui- on iippcjil tlid'cfrom. iis If (lie proliatc or letters of iiilniinistrjition had lieon Kinnled tlierel.y. J{. S. ( ». 1S!(7. c. ."><.>, s. IS (Ont. Acts. IS.SS. c. <», s. 1 d). 7!). 'rii(> letters ol' iidniinistration sliall not lie sealed witli the sonl of tile siiid Siirio;rate Court until a certilieale li.is lieeii lihil miller the hand of the registrar of tlio Court wlileli issued the letlcrs, that seeurily lais heeii ^iiscii in such t'oiirl in a siiin of sul- tiie assets within 1h(> Jnrisdietion of licient aiiiount to eo\er :is we 1 Court as the assets wiliiiii iliitiirio, or in the alisiMii'o ol' sue sue cortlticale, unti ( til like seeniily is Lriven to the .Iinl;;(^ of tiie Surrnirate r ;;rantin;,' (Out. cortilicate, until like seennly is LTiven to I he .linl;;(^ ol tiie ^ul•l Court coveiiiif,' the nssets in ()iitario as in the ease of j^r.' oriKiiiiil letters of administration. U. S. f). LS'.tT. e. ")!). s. 71> Acts, 1,S.S,S. c. !>. .s. 1 (2)). Acts, 1,S.S,S. c. !>, .s. 1 (2)). ( Vroclnmation hriniiiitii M I'irt. r. !> ( iioir iibavc fi'ctioiis 7S, 7!) , iiito full fiirrc, i)ii})IUhed in (lti:flti', ':7th Mail, Is!),'). For onliT af Iftr Mdjfutii in Conitr-I upphjiuii " 77((; Colonial I'roImti'S Art, ISO:.','' to the I'rovijicc of Ontario, inul for Itiilt'x iindi'r lliat .l<'t, .^■l'(' Stotnte.'i of Ontario, 1S9,'), l>aerial Statute 2:\ & 2i Vict. cap. Ill, evei'y will luaih' by a l^>ritish subj(MM out of tho United Kinjidom is to be admitted to ]M'obate, if made according' to the law of the i»lace where it was made, or where the testator was domiciled or had his (himicile of origin. 2. A will made by a liritish subject within tlu^ Ignited Kinjidom is to b(^ admitted if made accordin<>- to the local law; and, 'A. No will is to be revoked or the construction altered by reason of any subsequent change of domicile. INTKItMLDDLIN*; WIIIK )l T AUTIKHUTV. 5;) CHAPTKK Vir. l\TKl{.Mi;iH)IJ\(; WiTllOlT ArTliOlMTV. . 107. It' one who is nt'illici- iiii cxcculoi' nor juliniiiis- i;. suit of 1i;iloi' iiilcnncddlcs with the ••oods of tlic deceased, <>i- 'Ijljjj,""' ' does iiiiy other act cliaracteristic of tlie ollice of executor, he tliei-'by makes liiinsfdf wliat is ealh'd in tlie hiw an executor of his own wron^, or more usually an executor de son tort. See llurst-ll V. Ilird, CC> L. T. TO'.t. lOS. ,\. very slight eircvmistance (»f iiitcrmeddliu;;' with the jioods of the deceased will make a jx-rson execu- 1(tr de son fort, 'i'hus. it is said that milkiiij-- the cows, ('\('n l»y the widow of the deceast'd. or taking' a (h)ji'. will constittit.e an execulorship de son toi-|. So. in one case, the takiufi' a i'.ihie. and in aniMlier a bedstead wer<' ludd sullicient, inasmuch as they were the indicia of the per- son so interferinj;' fx'ini;' the representative of the de- ceased. So. if a nnin kills the cattle or \:ses or i^ives away or sells any of the ;j,(»ods. or if he tal will CMU- slilutc iiitt riiuil- i<»1>. A^ain. if a man denninds the (h'bts of a de- (^•,,]i,.,.,i„„ ceased, or makes ac(piiltances for them, or receives them, '•''''''• he will become executor de son tort. So, if a man pays 64 KXKCUTOltS AND ADM INISTIIATOHS. llic (Icbis of llic (Iccciiscd <»r tlic tVfs jilioul jiroviif^- liis will. I Ills will const it lite liiiii cxcculor dc son lorl, but it. is otlici'wisc if lie jiiiys tli<' debts oi' fees with iiis own nioiu'.V. HiinKiiiK ITO. Ukcwisc, if ji iiiiui suf iis I'Xcculoi'. or if iiii iK'lion be bionjilit iifiiiinst liini iis cxccntcM-. iiiid lie iilcadH in lliiil cliiiniclcr, this will inakc him an executor (h; son toi'f. I'l-auilii- li'iit iiiti'i- iiifddliiig'. If will inuvcd ii Stlllll.U'CV (.'iiiitiipt !»• CXCClltdl' dc soil ti'ii . 171. IJy 4.". Kii/,. c!ii». S. it is enacted "That every pi'i'son wiw) shall obtain, receive and have any j^'oods or (h'bts of any person dyinji' intestate, or a release or other (lischarjic of any debt oi' duty belon.uinj.r to the intestate upon any fraud, as described in that Act. oi' without such valiuible consiih'ration as shall amount to the value of tlu^se ji'oods. unless in satisfaction of some debt, such ]»ei'son shall be charficable as executor of his own wronji'." 172. AVhen a will is ]»i'oved (U' administration firanted. and another itei-s(tn then intermeihlles with the ji'oods. this does not uuike liim an executoi' de son tort by consiruction of law. b<'caiise there is anothei- iteisonal re]>res(Mitative of ri;:;ht ajiainst whom the creditors can brin^' their actifuis. aiul sucli wronj^f.ul inteiineddler is liable to l)e sued ms tresjtasser. An action will not lie ai^ainst one as exocutoi- ih' smi tort, where there is a lofially appointed administrator, oven tlionj^h tlie latter may liave conveyed the estate to the former on condition of his paying,' the debts of the deceased. Armstrong v. Ariiutronn, 4-1 U. C. 11 fil.'). Actswhicli are not iiitcrnifd dling. 17It. TlK'i'e are many acts wliich a stranf^cr may perfoi-m without incui'i'inji; tlie hazard of beinji' involved in such an execuliM'shi]); such as locUinj:; up the j^oods for presei'vation. directing," the funeral and (h'fiayinj;- ex- jtonses of funeral himscdf or out of the testator's elfi^cts; makiuii' an inventory of his i)roperty. feeding- his cattle, rc'pairinj? his house, or providino; necessaries for liis i\Ti;i!.Mi:iii)M\i; witiidit aitiioimtv, tliildrcii. I'nr llicsc ;ii'c utliccs iii the ;:;. I7.S. >Vheii a man' lias so acted as to become in law «' <'Xecutor de son tort, he thereby renders hiTiiself liabh not only lo an action by the rijihtful executor or adminis '"'"& 1rat(»r. but also to be sued as executor bv a creditor of qucncfs of iiitiTini-d- 66 EXECUTORS AND AKMINISTRATOHS. l''iiriii (if Ilciw fur fXI'lMltlil''/' t,nll lull lH'ott.'Otlll. N(i i-ij,'lit (if retainer llic (IccciiHcd <>i' liy ii l»';iJi(('('. All cxcculdr lc v. Wliitliituhiii, I., n. i(i i;(|. y.',[. 170. A jiid.miiciit ii^iiiiisj i\ iniin found cxcculor do son lort Jitter ii dcrciifc !li;i( lie was not cxcciUor, would l)c (hill llic pliiiutilT do recover Ihc debt and cosIm Io be levied oui of the assets ot the lestalor, if the defendant liave so iiiiich, ((!• if not, then out of the defendant's own ^(fods. I.SO. 'IMiou<;li an executor de s(Ui lort cannot by his Own wronjifiil ads ac(iuire any benelit, yet lie is ]>roleet- ((I in all aets not for his own benelit which a ri;;lilful executoi' may do. Accordingly, if he pleads properly lie is not liable beyond the extent of the j-oods which ho has administered. 'I'herefore, in an action by a creditor of the deceased under a defence that the pro[>erly has been lawfully and comidetely administered, he shall not be charged beyond the assets which came into his hands. Yurdhii V. Arnold, Carr. \- ;M. 4'.\\. LSI. An executor de son tort cannot jiive in evi- dence or successfully claim a retainer for his own debt; for otherwise the creditors of the deceased would be runninji" a race to take possession of his goods without lakini"' administration to him. Kxccutor I.SiJ. ^'c|, if an executor de son tort afterwards, oiitiiiiiiii!!r <'\<'u jtendente lilc. obtained a Imm'I\ liomid t(» iiiiiUc. Miniiilfunt V. flili-siiii. I l'.u>{ l.'il. l.Hl. This I't'conpin^' in diUiiajjcs rjin only be allow i;i**I». The act of an executor de son tort is ijrood A'tof cxcciitiir a;xainst llio true representative of a (b'ceased only where ,/, .«,;< i,„t. it is lawful, and such an act as the true representative was bound to perform in the due course of adminis- t ration. Buchhii V. JUnltrr, C jvmIi. let. See Mclhidc v. Uafw, i-", U. C K. ;{S(i ; Hain v. Mrlnlijic. 17 u. c. c. r. (joo. 58 EXECUTORS AN]) ADMINlsrUATOUS, !'! \m i it ■/J CHAPTER YIIT. PKOIJATE. Kffictof 1ST. A ju'obiitc is mci'cly oixTaHvc :»s an autlicnti- ti.iiof jiro- caloil evidence, and nol a( all as the foundation of the aflmini-- <'"^''- ' "it <»'"« title, for he derives all his interest from the tratic.-.i. -vvill itself, and the pro])ei'ty of the deceased vests in him from the moment of the testator's death. Therefore the j)rol)ate is said to have relation to the time of the testa- tor's death. IiuiU; V. Rirhiinls. 2S Bt-av. :\(\0. Kxti lit of openition of probate. Kxcoiitur C()iisi(lcr(' of is- lilt 11- lio in II' (.f it ll>0. Tlu^rofoi'c, it is nut illlo^vablo 1o provo that an- o\\\vv person was appointed exeentor, or that llie testator A\as insane, or that the will of which the ])i'ohate was maiited was f<)i-«>ed, I'cn' that wonld be direct Iv <'ontrarv 1o the seal of Ihe Court in a matter within its exclusive jmisdictiate of a will conclusively es- lah'ishes in all Courts that tlie will was execut<'d ac- cordinji' to the law of tlie country where the t<'stator was domiciled. Wliirkcr V. niiinr. 7 11. L. l:.'4. Itn. rpon this principle it was decided tliat pay- i':'>iii!J. When there is a oiu'stion whether particular •'''"'':'t^'' "* li'^acies juiven by a will are cumulative or substituted, it iiHutsjis is oficii determined by the cii cuinst ,ince of llii' be(picsl ' '^'" '^ • ii;,\in^ lieen p'iven by distinct inst runienls. In such a case if tile ]u-obate lia^ l)eeii j.'raiilcd as of a will and codicil, tliat is conclusive of tiie fact of their beinii- dls- iiiict iiislniments lliou^h written on the same pa[)er. lUiillii: V. Ilitttir/iihl, 1 (".)\-. :\{r2. It>15. The jn'obate is also conclusive as to every part of A i)t(|iu',"■ '''' Ml all lis jiarts. w liicli has lie< ii proNcd in the proper Sur- trust, innate Court, yet they may in ceriaiii cases atlcct with a trust III- particular lejiacy (w a resid,uar.\ be(|uest which has bcca obtained by fraud, ^^•l■ instance, if the drawei- of a will should fiaudulciii ly iiisnt his own name instead ol ilia I of a legatee, he would be considered in equity as a inislec foi' the real hjjalee. Munltitt V. ]l I'.ejiv. -Kl'.l. 1S>4. An executor liefiu'e he ]»roves the will in the Wliat nets I'robate Coui-t may do almost all the acts which are in "Vuiiiy'i.. < ideiit to his ottice. exceiit onlv some of those which |-,.. )»f"i'' I"" I.iie to suits. Thus, he niav seize and take into his hands i! , (50 EXECL'TOHS AND ADM'NISTUATOUS. any of the testator's cfTcctf , nnd ho. may enter peaceably into tlic house of Ihe lieir for thai jiur])ose, and tal-e 8i)ecialli<'S and other securitits for the debts due to the deceased. lie mav pav or take releas<'S of debts due to • I t^ the estate, and he may receive or release debts wliich are owinjj to it. and distrain for rent due to the testator, and if beror<* ])robate the day occur for payment upon bond made by or to the testator, payment luust be niad(,' by or to llie executor though the Avill be not proved upon like penalty as if it were. So he may sell. p;ive away or otherwise dispose at his discretion of the goods and chattels of the testator before probate; he may assent to or i>ay lega<-ies, and he nniy enter on tlie testator's term of years. Althougli an executor dies after any of leso acts done, witiieul jnoxiug the will, yet these acts so done stand lirm and good. See A\'iiis. i>. -'.')0. T'ruhiitc l!>,"5. Although an executor may, before ])robate, ll'CcssiU'V . ' , I • 1 • 1 t,, |iinv(' by grant oi* assignmeni of ]iroperty. give a var.d title ni''i'i't."'^ to an assignee or legatee, yet if it is necessary to sup- port that title by adducing it from the assignmeni or consent, it also beconn's re(iuisite to show the right to make assignment or give Ihe assent, which can only be effected by ju'oducing the ])robate (U' other evidence of th(> admission of the will in the Surrogate Court. For the fact of a ]>arlicular ])erson having been appoin ed executor to anolher can be i»roved by no other means. I1M5. A II hough an executor can before probate make an assignmeni and give a receipt for purchase- money, which ai-e binding. y<'t a ]iurchaser is m)t bound to pay the purchase money ui'lil probate, because till the evidence of title exists the executor cannot give a ( omplete indemnity. Xrirt'Hi V. Mos- session as executor, althoufih he does not describi^ hini- scll' as executor in his pleading', yet, fi'enerally speakinji. it will be necessary for him to j)rove himself executor at thf irial. wl.ich he can only do by showinj;' the jjrobate. Tdih V. Com. Jtaiik of SijiJnrii. V2 (>. 15. 1>. 2'M. 1!>si(iii jiossessed of the property before it came to the hands of ')J!'i','''tah' . ihe defendant, sucli ])ossession is of itself sul!icient with- out showing any title, to establish a prima faci(? cms-, . either in replevin, trovei* or tres]iass. A,\h('n the ju'operty lias c,ii!.' ;() the defendant's hands or been conxcrted by tert. ur la debt or assumj)sit when the defendant has ac(iuired it by a contract with the executor. White V. Mitlhit, (i Kxcli. 7i:!. Tto. [ I of ^)r ed late use- und till •e a ll>!>. Allhough an executor cannot maintain actii.us I'lnii.iti- iicfere probate, except upon his actual ]iossession, yet jl,'i!',','','^,'. 1h- may advance in them as far as thit ste]) where the "f !'>"i''f' ( I'oduction of the ])robate beconu's necessai'y. and it will i.tsntti'.' he sulTicieut if he obtains the pr(d)ate in time for that ''"'''■^" exigency. Wchh V. Adh-iiiK, U C. B. 101. tiOO On tile other hand, if he have elecb-d to ad- minister he may also, befoi'e jtrobate, be siu'd at law or in ('(uiity by the deceased's creditors, whose I'ights shall not be ini]»eded by his delay. a>^'l to whoiu. as executor de jure or de facto, he has uuidi' himself responsible. tJOl. The only person by whom the testament can Itc jiroved is the executor nauK^l in it. whom the Court • 'f l'r(diate may. as above stated, cite to the intent to prove the test.'iment. and tahe iiitor him the execution thereof, or else refuse the same. This the Court niav do M.ivh.- sn.;i :iltliiiii-l, nut is>ui'i|. t".\IClltll' iiiily per- M >n .iititltMl tu IH'OVO will. 62 EXECTTOI'.S AM) A DM INMSTIiAT* »1!S. ii(»l (iiily ex (tnici(», but ill tlic instance of nny pni'ty liaviny; iin intcicst, wliicli inteicsl is proved hy the oatli of the party. ^Vill d' • tJOU. Wiiei-e tlh' will is (lesti'oveiatee can ^o to tile llijili Court of .liisiiee for a decree upon tie/ •I'round of spoliation or s;)i«pression, altluni^li i he general rule is to cite the executor in the Surrouate <'ourt. l',''"""', 20J$. It the executor has not Ihe will iir his i»osses- (itlxT than . , , , (xiciitor SKUi. but some other i»ers(»n. then such other person may ili^l)^sl.s- he coniiK'lled to exhibit the same, and it is sutVicient to siuiii.iiiy i)i-(»ve that he once had it. for he is still iiresumed to have Ijc Clt"(l. ' ' it. unless he allirins njion oath that it is not in liis jtos- session. Niisdiici- !204. The lien ol an atliuiHy or solicitor . I)is])nted wills ou^ht to be lodji'ed with the Ivcfiistrar of the Surrojiate Court for custody. Practi- tioiiers lia\(' no rijilit to Ueej) wills in their possession, 'i'he exjiense necessary to j^et a will out of Ihe hands of a jiarly inusi fall upon the jierson who withholds it. ('iiiniiii. 1S'.I Ji; (s. L'l. K. S. (> INST r»(i». !!20!l. A testament may lie |ii-(t\cd in two ways. 'I'wo way of eiil;ei' in (•(iiiuiien feriu <»r l»y fnrm of l;iw. which latter will; mode is also called llic sdlcinn form, and seiiietimes pn»\ing ])('!' testes. ploviiiw tJIO. A will is |»r(»\'ed in c(imiiniii form when the I' eyecutoi- jiresents it before the .Imloc. jind in tip. aliseiicc Ol' and without citiii;; the parlies inteicsted, produces witness<'s {(> prove the same. who. lestifyin;;' !'y their oaths that the testament exhibited is the true. \\ iiole and last will ami teslanu-nt of the deceased, the .ludji'e there- tipon. and sometimes upon less proof, annexes his \n'o- bate and seal thereto. will " m coimnon form." (54 EXECCTOItS AND ADM IXISTItAI'OltS. tili. Willi i('s|>('(t t<» wills iiiiulc on and after tlu; Wills iii.'ulc aftir isi.iiuni- ]st .laiiuai-y, ISTJ. if a will bo ])crf('ct on the face of it, if litt.>tii' and llici'c is an al tcslalion clause reciting' lliat Die ^'"" "'•"'"■ soleninilies reipiired by Hk; Wills Act have been com- plied Avitli, i)i-obale in coinmon form may be olttalned U])on the oalli of the executor alone. If no at- testation I'huisc. "21*2. r.ut if there is no attestation clause, or if there is a t'lause M!\ic]i does not state the jterfornnince of all the jn'escribed solemnities, an allidavlt is re(|nired from one of the snbscribinj;' witnesses by which it mnst a])pear that the will was execnted in compliance with the sta- tute, lint this re(piisit(> may be dispensed with if the >vitnesses. after dili^^ent enipiiry, are n(d forthcoming. /;/ tlir f/i, fills iij Dickxiiii. <■> Xntcs df ('as, UiS. Proliati' .if ■ilH- Wiiere ]»robate in common form is songlit of iiiiixrfcct .,,, insti-nnient Aviiicli on the face of it is imperfect, whe- iiistninicnt , . , ther the im|)erfeclion consist of it beino- incomplete m the body of it or merely in tlie execution, as in the want of si;j;iiatnre or by snbscribin.u witnesses, as whei'e there is an attestation clause, two lliinus are re(piired by the ("onrt before ])robate will he allowed, fii'st. there must be aflidavits slating facts which, if established in solemn foi'in of law. that is bv statements of claim and deb'uce, would sustain iho iiisirumciii as a will in case it were disputed, and, second, their musl be consent implied or expressed from al! parties interested. Si 4. >Vli»n a will is to bo ]. _i.>. Difft-rence between cciiiuiion form and 2lo. The tlilVei'ence belweeii the common form ;ind the solemn foini with n^spect to citing tli. parties inter- ested, works this diversity of <»(Teri, namely, that 'he ex- ecutor of a will i>roved in < ommon form max at any lime list nil) ice. or nn 1o Din III ov- (X- • le IMtonATE. 65 within lliii'lv y<'ars be coiiiitelU'd by a jxTsctii havinji' an iiilci'cst to jtrovc it per testes in solemn form. So that if tlie witness be dead in the meantime, it may endanj^er tlie whoh' testament. Whereas a testament bein^' jn-oved in solemn form of law the execntoi' is not to be compelled to prove tlie same any more, and althonf^h all the wit- nesses afterwards be dead, the testament still retains its full force. tilO. Therefore, not only are will.s proved in solemn form* at the instance of persons wlio desire to invalidate them, but the executor himself may. and sometimes does, for j>reater security propound and ]»rove ilie will in the tirst instance per testes of himscdf. citing the next of Kin. and all others pretendinj? interest in fi'eneral. to see proceedings which, beinji' done, the will shall not after- wards be set aside, (provided tliere be no irrejiuhiritv in I lie process) when the witnesses are dead. Lister V. Suiilh, 'A S\v. ^r Tr. .".:!. iil7. \\'hei'e it appears from the alliidavits the attes- 1, It ion clause beinp;' imperfect, that the will was not pro- jierly attested by the witnesses under the statute, the Ceiirt cannot decree administration to pass to the elfects ef the deci'ased as dead intestate; all that the Coui't will (to in such cases is to reject the prayer for probate, leav- iufr the parties to take out administration, if they think jiroper, as though the Court declines to firant prol)ate, the will may be propounded and established. / ■( the ijuixU of Aitliiiii, 1 ("mi. tH.'!. til.H. If a will dated after the 1st dannary, 1S74, has upon the face of it any unattested ol)literation, in- terlineation oi' alteration, an aflidavit is reipiired show- iiiji' whether they were made before or after the execu- liun of the will. * \ will is i)n>vod in pint.' iiitcrpstrd, prodiii'cs witnesses to prove the sani(> ind teslifyint,' hy iIkmt oMihs that tlie lestanieiit exliihite, whole ami last will and testament of the deceased, the Jndy;e thei'eiipoii. and some- nines 111)011 less iit'oof. does aniH'X his prol»are and seal ther(>to. K.K.A. - 5 Iv\efiitor 111 IV in-oM wi 11 ill '•I ) •'iiiii 1'. ■ rill. WlhlV it appears tliat will ua-< iii)t properly attested. I'lMitte.st- I'd I'iilittl- atioii, etc. (i(i fi' KXKCl'TOKS AM) ADM IN Isl l{.\ |()|{S. !JI1>. WIicic ;illcriiti(ins Jirc s;itisi';ict<)rilv shown to I'liilijiti- iif will issued as lilt. I'd Imvc been in;i(lt' Itcloi-c I lie execution, it is usumI to en- tor. ''** ' jii'oss tlie prolt.'ile cojiy of the will I'iiir, insertinji the words interlined in their iJi-oper places, and oniittinj^ woi'ds struck through or obliterated. Uul in cases where the construction of the will nuiy be all'ected Ity tlie api>ea ranee ol' lheorij;inal jtaper. the Couit will order the probate to pass in fac simile. A fac simile probate of a will is conclusive in the IHjjfh Court, that the \\ill was in that state, that is. that the testatoi- duly executed it with tile alterations (»r cancellations upon it. (idiin V. (Ifcuanj, ■". I)c(i. M. iV- O. 777. Costs out of estate. m !i!!20. ft is oidy undei' special circunislances that costs are to be directed to be paid out of a ti-stator's estate. The rules are laid down as follows: if the cause (if lilioati(ui tal s'lMncniltt'i- its conlcnts. Uicsc (wo witncssi's St) deposing' (o (he tenor of (he will arc suilici e'n( foi' the provinj;' (hereof in form u\' law. In fsurh cases the Court will j;rant probate of the will as con- tained in (he deposidons of the witnesses. 'irnihjdn v. 'ivvnlijiin. 1 riiilliiii. I'lt. !!itil. l'rol);i(o of a will cannot be ^•ran(e(l to an ex if iM,ii,ii ecutor while a con(es( subsis(s abonl (he validitv of n jj',,| ,',7,''' codicil, for (hat boinK nndeicrmined il does no( appear i',',"'"^''; what is the will, and (he execu((M' caniio( (ake Jie com- mon oa(h. ,slu //' //(( (joiids of liiihdiix, \. n. :; i>. v^ i>. im, *m^. ^Vhen a will is prosed the ori;^inal is deposited I'niiKitc, Ml the rc«iis(r_v. and a copv is made out nndei- (he seal o' (he (.'onrt .and delivered to (he execn(or, (ojicdier wi(h a certificate of its havinji' been pi'oved. and .such copy and ccr(ilica(e are usually styled the jirobate. St'c Siii'iitilr V. WdlsutL K. lilt. L':; A. u. c,!iL'. /{. !'(/,■ \'. Haiti:, l.'i O. Ill il i e II Mt'ii > *2*2ii If a will be in a foi'ei<,qi lanp;uafi-e (he probate i' is jTjranted of a translation of the same by a no(ary public. But o(her Courts are not bound hy it. and may themselves correc( any imiccuracy in i(. . Wins. Oth Kd. 11. .31.'.-). tJ2T. Wliei'e the ]»roba(e is lost the Cour( nu'rely l jirants an exemplitication of (he proba((' friau its own rfcoid, and the exemplitication is evidence of (he will having' been proved. iMIILnUlL'tV l^t [111 Ut.v 9m lower iias 22.S, The i)robate may be rc^voked eitlier on suit by i; citation; for instance, where the executor after pi'oof in common form is cited to prove tlie will in solemn form. or even after proof in solemn form where the probate is shown to liave been obtained by fraud, or the will of ticin of imibatf 1 OS KXKCUTOIIS AN' I) ADMIN'ISTHATOHS. wliicli it liiiH Ix'cn jji-aiilcd is proved lo liavc been rcvokt'd oi' a laid" will made coine parlies, snhjcct to Buch rules and orders and to tlie discretion of tlie Cyottrt; hut nothing' Iiereiii contained shall make it necessary to cite the heirs at law, or other |)erson haviiiff or pretending Interest in the real estate of a deceased person, nnless the Court, with n^ference to the circumstances of the case, dii'ects the same to he done. R. S. O. ].S'.t7, c. .-',). s. 54 fs. .-.1, R. S. O. 1S87, c. ".()). tcnticiiis prouocil- iiiKs the heirs etc. liiM>' lie cited. (;()-KXi:cuT()i{s. 69 CilAPTElf IX. COEXECIJTOKH. tiitO. C'()-('X('(iiJ()i'M. liowcvcr luiirM'i'ons, ni'c rff^iU'dcd in liiw iis iui individual person, and I lici't'forc (lie atts of any one of tlu'in in respect of tiie adniinislration of I lie elTecIs are dei-nied to bo the acts of all; foi' they all liave ,1 joint and entire authority over jho whole property. Ilent-e a release of a debt by one of several executors is valid, and shall bind the rest. So, one of several execu- tors may settle an account with a person accountable to the estate, and in the absence of fraud the settlement will be bindinj-' on the others thoufih disseutiny;. So a ;;fant or surrender of the term by one executor shall be (■(imilly available; the attornment of one shall be the attornment of the other. And the sale or j^ift by one of several executors of the goods and chattels of the de- ceased is the sale and gift of them all. Wins. p. 81(i. 2Jtl. An assent to a legacy by one of several execu- Assent t.. i(»rs is sutticient. So if one of several executors be a i',y','^Jio ^ legatee, his single assent to his own legacv will vest the ••"•'vyj'' complete title m himself. Wins, old antlioritios, p. 810. 2*{3. The act of one in taking i)ossession of the testator's effects, re al or personal, cannot create a ui'W liability and impose a charge on the other personally and in his own individual character which, without such iin Act, would never have existed. Therefore, if one executor takes possession of and uses a perscmal chattel, the other is not liable to the creditors for such an act of his co-executor. Mortgaf,'e by one to tlie other, lleattij v. Sluur, 13 O. \\. lit. Liahility. Archer v. Severn, 13 O. R. 31G; He Croirtcr, 10 O. R. 159; MvCarter v. McVarter, 7 O. R. 2-j;3; Re Kirhpalrick, 3 O. R. 3(J1. On." executor tiil, ) S>y. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) / O '<^ :% 7 ^ fe mr Va A I.I 1.25 ■3i 12.2 •i£ IIIIIIO 1.4 6' 1.8 1.6 V] c? Ti e^ "^ rf^ .>■ O / Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY 14580 (716) 872-4503

.>!.^ % l(' of l»'in}i; (livi«l»Ml, ami in case of (U*alh sncli IntiTcHl shall vest to the snrvivor, willKnil any new ^lanl l»v the Snn'o<;ate Court. ('ons«'<|nt'ntly. if one of two exeentoi'H or administrators };rai.t or release his in lerest in the lestator's or intestate's estate to liie other nolhin;; shall jtass, lierausi' each was possessed of the whole iK'foT' -u, if one of sevei'al exeentors release luit his pait of the debt, it has been ludd that the whoh' is discharged. Iliiith '• Hon. 12 M. & W. O-TJ. I'Iffect of |)(>.s.so!-Hii>ii by our. tJ;i|. Since sei-ral executors have a joint ancutor is not determined by the «l(>ath of his cocxecutor, but snrviveH to him. And so, likewise, if administration has been pranted to two and one dies, the other will be sole administrator and all the i>ower of the ofTlce will survive to him. Ilui!sv one of sevenu apponile*! niav iict. executors, iilthon};!) llie others reiioniice: ImiI at <-oiiiinon law wiiei'e a power was ^iveii to executors to sell laiul. and one of tlieni icfiised the trust, ii was clear that the others conhl not sell, hut theStatuli I'l ll«'n. VIlI.cap.4, jirovides that where lands are willed to he so!«l hy exocn- tors and part of them refus** to he execntors and to nc cejit th(> administration (»f the will, all sales hv the execu tors that acce|)t the ailniiiiist ration shall h as valid as if all the executors han to," lint III ii'ity lie?, not sever'al cannot sui\ ive. Thei-efore if a man devises his" lands t(» A. for life, and thai after his (h-cease the estate shall he sold hv the executors, namin;;' them as l». and ('.. his execut(H"s. <»r hv 1». and <'.. who are not nanu'tl execulois: in that case if one of them die dni-inj; the life of A. the other cannot sell, hecause the woi'ds of Ihe te*;- tatoi' would not he satisfied. Co. I,it. \i:\a. 340. If Ihei'e are several executors appointed hv .Mu«t jnin the will thev must all join \u hrin^in;; actions, even '" '"*"""' thoujrh souu' of them he infants, or have not proved the will. till. Where there are several executors thev may j, ay:ree that one of them shall hold the land devised to lliem in ti'ust at a tixed jent. and if the rent falls into arrears he may he disli-ained n|ion in resjtect of it. i'duiwv V. I'Iftihrr, :!4 K. .1. (N. S.) (^ IJ. 1S7. 2ltS. In this connection, it may he well to call attention hei-e to the folhiwin^ section (.'h of the Trustee Act, U. S. (>. 1S!»7. cha|»ter \'2U. The section will come ajrain under consideration in dealin;: with the liahilitics of Kxecutors. t" iiiif (•XfClltllf. I * Tlio spt'ciiil piiwiTs of sail' ooiifprre<. ncH;lects or defaults, and not for those of each, other, nor for any l(aiik<'r. hroker, or other person with whom any trust moneys or securities may he deposited. i\ov \'nr the insiilliciency or delicieiicy nf any slocks, funds or securities, nor for any other loss, nnleuH the same shall iiuppen through their own wilful default respectively, and also that it shall he lawful for the trustees or trus- tee for the time heinK. of the siiid deed. will, or other instrument, to reinihurs" themselves or himself, or pay or discharge out of the trust premises jill e.\|renscs incrrrcd in or ahout the execution of the trusts or iiovvers of llu' said deed, will o- other instrument." IJ. S. (). ISST. c no. s. >. CASKS WIIKHK srCCKSSION DUTIKS I'AYAIM.K. 73 CHAPTKK X. APPLKATION IN CASKS WIIKKK SUCCESSION DITIKS AKK I'AYAMLE. !i4i<. In rci'fain rasrs, wliicli will be sIjUimI in a sul> sequent pait of this hook. Siircession Duties ai'e le- <|uifeliccfssiiiii iliitii's iiic Province. In such cases, information is reijuiied and puyaiiif. security- taken from Execulors ami Administrators as directed hy tiie followinjx sections of the Ontaiio Succes sion Duties Act. U. S. ( ). 1S!»T. chapter :.*4. 5. (1» Am cxcciitor or ndministrator applyin;.' lor Ifttirs prol)ile, or letters of adiiiinislrution to the estate of a dero iseil person. sli;ill. Iiefore tlie issue of letters proliate or administration t> him. m;ike and tile with the Surrogate Kegistrai a full, true, and (2». rl h i ^a 74 EXKCUTOKS ANI> ADMINISTUATOUS. CHAPTER XI. ERIlONEO^^S I'llKSrMPTION OF DEATH. lii III III I. wlicrc :itli li.'is lll'I'Il »'!•■ roiHMiiisIy |irt'Mniii(il. Protection of persons ai'tinff as CXCCUtol's uikI ad- min strat- ors to pcrsiiiis hiilHioscd to l)u dfci'iiscd. ; \ 344. In riisi's wlu'i*' dcjitli lius Ix'cii pi'CHUiiU'd, and it iiltciwardw iippcms iliai ihc prcsiiniplion was erron ('(ins, pcrsdns who have acted as Kxccntois ov Adniinis- ti'ators arc jtrotcctcd hv the following section of K. S. O. 1SH7, c. l.'U. 1. VliiTi' any one lias lu'fii or is iifn-aftcr appointrd, l).v a Court liaviiij; jurisdiction in tliat iK'half, adininislrator of ilu' oslatc of any person wlio on ats(>n»»' lor seven years, or for any other reason, lias Ihhmi i>resuined to lie erson erroneously presumed to be dead, shall, subji'ct to tlu' provisions of sections ;{ and 4. have the rijrht to recover from the person actinj: as executor or administrator any put of the estate remainiiiK in his hands undistributed. an<«'d. or of some other cause for ^''"- issninj; a snlistilnted jirobate. the followiii}; pi'ovisions are made for llie confii'inalion of acts done nnder the snperseded probate or administration, and for the better protection of all jiarties concerned. (Section L*. same Act), (Nunpare also parajjraph l.")'J, supra, and sections f>3 and (U of Snrrogate Act there set out. i : EICUONKOfS IMJESC.MI'TION OF DKAIII. ( ■> \V1 irl'c il M ill is ll>( such will ur Ki-iiit nf inliiiiiiistriil ion shall, '"""K' "" riiiiwitlisiandinj,' it may al'lt rw aid i|>|)cai' thai tlh> (Ici't'astMl liar wliiih piubatc \ tiViUded, or wliicli waH unnexed to tlie Haid letti-rs, or not\vitl)Httiiidin(i»' that it apiicars that the will inlinittrd tn iirnliatr or adioiiiistriition Hiti-stncv of dcit'axfd. w a^ not dnlv cxccnlcd. or was ('or any rt-ason invalid. Ix- a> valiil and otlcctnal as snch acts would have liccn if such will hail Itccn tin- hi>t will of the deceased, and had lieeii duly <'\eciiic(l and had lieen \ liid, or in c.ase of administration .as on intestacy as valid as snch acts wonld have lieeii if the dci'eased hid died intestate: hilt ll|iiin ihe revocation of the ^'rant of proluiti' or adiiiini>l ration, the new personal representative of the deceased shall. sulijt'.|iall have th riy;lu toc,,^tsc.f I adniinis tiatc.r-i. I'.rs-.ns acting friindn lentlv. retail! out of any amount remaining' in his Inuds imdist rihiited hiscxi-fiitor-' proper costs and expi uses in ihe admiiiisirjii ion of the estate. t>nt. Acts, ISIKI. c. li'.t, s. [i. 1. .Nothing; herein contiiiiieil shall protect any person .'iclinj; as nilmiiiistrator or executor where such person h;is lieeii pri\'.\ to any fraud liy meins of whieii the grant id' adunnistratioii or prohate was olitained. or in ciisi's arising; under section 1, in respect of anything done after he heeomes nwtii'.- that the person who was presumed to lie d(>ad is (iliv»>, or in »'«ses urLsing iiiidcT section -. tliat the will was not duly executed, or for some other reason was iiivilid. unless the iliing so done was in luirsiiance of a contract for valiiaMe considei'a- tinii made liefoie the said execuior or admiiiisi rator was aware to Ihe elTect aforesaid. Out. .\its. IS'.HI. c. ij'.t, s. I. m^ m I w ' } ! « 1 I 1 j ' j ■■ 1' 1 it m » t 1 ■V i 1 1 1 1 1 f. 70 EXKCI'TOIJN AND ADMINISTUATOUN. ( 'iiiitinii aiici' III iiHit'i' I if • •\criit. 11 will l»c seen tliiit llicy provide for the (•oiiliiiiiiiiicc of the ollirc of •'xccnloi'. 4. (1> W'licrc I Iriislct', cilhtT i>ri>.'iiial or siiitstitntcd, iiiir Ihmmiiiics iintit or iii<-ii|)alil*>, to net in tin' trusts or powers in liini reposed, iieftire tlie same iiave lu'en fully ilikfeliarKed luui iierfoiuied, it sliail lie lawful for the person or per Sous noiuiualed for tliat purpose by the deed, will, or other inslru- nieiit ereatin;: the trust lif au\ i, or if there lie no such person, or no siieii person aide and willing to uet, then fiu- the surviviu;: or eon tinuinjjr trustees or trustee for the time lieiii^, or the ,ietin« exeeu t(U's or exeetitor, or ntlministrators or administrator, of tlu' last surviviuj; ami eonti lu^nt' trustee, or for the liist retiriu^ trustee, hy writing', to jippoint any othei* person or persons to he a trustee or trust«'es. in pl;iee of the trustee or trustees dyin^', or desirini: to he dischar^'ed. same powers, authorities and discretions, and shall in all respects act as if he had (U-ij:iually been nominated a trustee by the deed, will, or other Instrument creatiiik' the trust. (2) The pow»'r of iiipointin^ new trustees lu-reinbefore con- tained, may be e.xereised in cases where a trustee, noininati'd in .-i will, has died in the lifetime of the t«'sia' u-. U. S. O. 1S»<7, no. ti cl II oil v. Ill !l' I. AIM'olNTMKXT OK N'KW TIM'SIKK. ( t .'. ill WIh'It nil iii-l niiiHiit li\ wlihli a mw ini-itic i-. iiiiiHiiiiictl Ntntiin; nf ti> perforin iiiiv Inwl riuiliiins ;i ilcihiriit ion li.v ilic ii|i|io':nloi' ,„ ,|„,'n'«l|.r..|. I rt\ III iiiw illcft tliatany csial.' m- intfiT^I in iinv lano siiliji'i't, or ilic ritflit to rci-o. •r iiimI r.T,.iv.- anv .If'.l '">f ""V tit » x> Itll or (illi -r tliiiiL' in uciion >io xiilijciM, sliail vr-i in iIh- pfr^ons, wlio, l>V|,,,t v.rtiM> of siiili insi riiipt'iit. Iii'ioinc niiil iirc the iriisiff* for |i«'i'forni •'"•*. Iini till' tni-^t. llitit ili'i'liirMtion sli.ill. wiiiioiii iiiiy \.t. I» 1,- in;; till' Ini-^t. Ilitil ilrrliirin ion mi, in. wiinoui !lll^ ionM'.\ iiiKf my ^ || iixsiKiiiiK'iil. o|»'r!ili' to vsi in liiost- pi'i-son-. ii* .joml li'ninl<. ami III. I.ir tin- |iiir)>oscs of ilif liii>t. that c^ialt', inlrii'-l or li^'lit. I'Ji Wln-rc iiii insininiciit liy wliidi a niiiini.' Iriisifi' is ilis iharK<'ii'i's. aiii'. liy tin' olln-r luTsoii. if any. niiiMiwcrril to iipiMiiiil triisiccs, that ilt-i'l irali'in ^liall. uillioni liny roiivfyaiir*' or assi-.-nini'iit. o|icrali' to m-sI in ilic .s "f till- inisi, ill!' I'slati', iiili-ri'si, or riirlil lo wliicji tjii' i|i" hiraiion niali's. iV.i Tliis sfilion (Iocs not cximil to inv sliat-i'. stocU. aniinity. or |Mo|ifrt.\' oni> I ransfi'r;il>lc in liooks kept liy ;i loniiiany or oilier l>oi|\. 1 r in Mianiicr |irosiriln'il liy oi- nmlor u\\ Art ,<( riirliaimnl or of this l.<';:islalnri'. ( \) I-'or jiiir|ios(.s ,,f ri '.'isiriiiiiin of mi in-iriiiiifnf in iiiiv roiristry, the pi'i'-oii or |ii'i'S(iiis nialonl Ciiinwoilli's Act {'2:\ iV: J I \'iy the L*7lli scciimi, lliiil " w liciicvcf jiiiy tnislcc, citlici- <»ri;:iiial or siihst itiitcd. ami wlictlici* a|i|»oiiitcd ],\ the Court of ('liancciy or otherwise, should die op desire to lie dis cliarjied from, oi' refuse or liecome unfit or inca|ialde to iict in the trusts, " it slioiild lie lawful for ilie peison iHimiiiatid for thai imrpose by the instrument ereaiin^ tile trust, or if there should be no such jieison. or he Ii ! 11 78 KXKctrrous and ak.mimvikatoms. sIhmiI to iict,* ilii'ii "tor i1h- siirx iviii}' or roiiiiiniin;^ Ini.vtccs. or Iriislcc lor ilir liiiif Ix-iii^, or (he iii'iiii<; rxrnitor oi- iidiniiiislriitor ol' \li<- siirviviii;^ :iii(l roiitiiminp: triistn-, oi for tln' l:isl I'cliriiij; Inislcc. I»v wiiliiij'. to iippoint iiii\ other jm-i soil or jicrsoiis to Im- ii li-iistt'c or t I'listccs."' iiinl llif Art }iilV(' the lisn:il ilirrct ions lor vrslili;^ llic Iriist rsliltf (s. 117); iiiid liic rollowiii^i scriioii iiiiido the \l'o;id. iiild it t;iiiiiol It- siit'ejv iissuiiied lliiit tlic word " rel'iisc " wiis iidmiii lo iinliid.' ii discliiiiiicr dor ii discliiiininj; Irnslcc never wms ;i trustee). ((/). iiiid its opeiiilion Wiis l>y iIm' ;!ltli seriioii of the Act roHtrictcd to instiunieiitH int(!r vivos exocutt'd .■il'tcr the piissin^i td' the Ait (L'Stii Aiiii.. 1><»(II. .ind lo wIIIh and codicila made, conrorincd or revived, after tlie diile. It liiis been licid |/'i thill the don d' I he power iiiid-i this Act conld appoint t\\t> tinslees in the phue (d' an oiilv trustee a|ipointed l>v tlie settlor's will. Tiie above |>rovisi(»iis (d" Lord ( 'lanworth's Act were, however, re jicaled b\ the ronveyaininji and Law of I'roperly Art. ISSl. aihl their "jdact' is now supplied by s, 1(1 of The Trnslec Ael, 1S!I;?. * A'.//,, where the ])o\ver wiis vest(>(l in luishar.it and wife wlio were liviiifi apart niui iiiuihle to af,Mee : lie Slivjilieiil'n I'ni^ln, W. N. isss, p. 'jiw, (ii) ]'iriiiiiitrs^ ly Ulhi'iiKir v. Hi'rlidinl, ."i") Beiiv. 10; I!<- ■Jnchsoii's Tnists, IH L. T. N. K. SO. (fc) /fe /;>•<■«/•)/, \V, N. 1873, p. IH. ' : I ■ ■ ' jll ^; i!!!--; .':u. IWUT II. CHAI'IKli J. I'KOI'KIM'V IH;\(>L\ IN(i \ \'itS KX IKMTOIJS A M > Ah.MiMSTijAToKs i'mh:i: Till-: IH;\'(>LI TIO.N OK KSTATKS ATT. til7. Ill (Miliiiin. Iifl'drc ilif lirsl dnv of liilv. IssH. l». s.,i,i. I H 111 1 t*'f' *y*' nil wliit-li -s Art niiiif into I,, . I,, 1^, fllVct. IIm- l;nv willi r('S|M«l in lln' rsliilr wliiili an cxirll lui- or iMiiiiiiiist liitor Ii.kI in llir |H(>|M'!ly nf llic diicasnl, Uiis as lollows: In tin* ;^()uiIm of tin- drrcasnl tin' cxtTiifor or ml niinisli-ator lia.\..lii devolution of the estate of a I est a lor or intestate iipon hiw |,'i' .luiv, executor or adininistrator. are alxdished. Tliev niav and '^''^'' i]<> still exist in ascertaining^ the rijihls of the parties in- ten'sted in the estate hetween themselves; hut the law as to deNoiiitioii (d' an estate upon an execiittu' or adininis- trator is now contained in the fcdhtwin;; sections of tlu' nevolutlon of Estates Act (H. S. (). 1H!)7, c. 127): 2. S.'ct iinis '.\ to 10. iiiclnsivo. of this Act slinll appl.v inly to A|.|>lic;i- the Gstatfs of persons dyin^' on aiut aftor tlie 1st dny of July, ISMfi R. S. ().. 1887, c. 108. s. 2. tinll iif s. w r.;. ■*■ W so KNK<'1'IUU,S AM» AI».MIM,sil(ATolts. Iv lutes III W IlK'll -. •<. .•I IOii|i|,|y. I'liiV jsli. rni|ii ilv 111 ll"Mil\f (111 |MT- siillal Ic |i|iHi'ril:i- tivr. I'liwt-r I if |iI'I>ciI1m1 ii|in'Mii- lali\c lui r I't'iil |irii|i- citv. Kxcrutdi's, cU'.. to liavf (V!-- tiiin \Hn\- CI's ;ls til (lispiisitiiiii uf binds. I'r'ivisi Rev. Stat, c. 51. " III llii> iniiiii llir.v Mi'iii III liiiM- lii>)'ii iiiKrii froin iiii .\it ><( tin- " rniviiHi- III" .\c\\ Sdiilli Willi's, No. -11 >ir 'Ji'i Vii't. Scf I'hnnlin \. •' shriihnil. i;i I,, T. S. S. !U; (IS'Hi A. C. I'll; ilorliii v. U<; >liii|i|i'. Ill' lliiijii'il III till- lirlr IIS s|ii'i'iiil iii'rii|itiiit. ill Mii\ li-ni'iiiciits nr hn <>ilit;iniriil.-i in lin t;iiln. wlicllirr riii'iiiiri'iil i>r lhrrs(iiiMl |irii|i('ii.v uf iinv ifiMiii wlm liiis ilied iloiiiicili-d in ( hittirlii. I'riividcd thill nil ri;il nr |it'rsiiniil |irii|ii'rl y cuiniii is.d in nnv dis|)iisltii)n iiiiidt' li\ will in fxori'isc uf n i^i'iicnil ti'stnniiMitiiry |iii\\i'i' iif ji|i|iiiiiit nii'iit >li:ill ill' ilctMiii'd tu lie witliin tin' |ii'nvi>iiins uf this scrtii.n. If ntlni-wlsi' Mpplimlili'. K. S. (). 1SS7. c. 1tl*<. s. :{. I. ill All Niiili |>rii|ii'rly as nfnrisnid wlilrli is vested in imy iMi'Sdii, 111' is eiiinpriseil in any siirli dis|iiisiti(»ii .'is iifni'i'said niiide liy lilni. sliall, on his dealli, iinlwillistandinu niiy tostiiiiienlary dis- piisitiiiii. iloviilvt' upon and lii'ciiini- vested in Ills lenal pcrsniiM! v»» presciitaUvi's fnuii time to time, and siilijeei to the i»ayinenl uf hl.v delits; ni'd so far as th ' said prnperly is nut dlspf)S('il of liy de.'d, will, contraci, i r ntliei- efl'ietiial dlspnsitidii. tlio Haine shall lie ili«. trilillteil as persiiiial prcipri'ty imt Sn disposed of is liel'eaflel' Id lie distrilinted. IJ. S. O. IXST. e. Ills, s. I ipiil't). ".>. Snli.ioet, as liert'iiilicfdre prnvidt'd, the le^al porsunal rejirc- Keiitativcs from time to time of a deeoased person shall have pnwi'r to dispose of niul ntlierwisc dejil with all real prupi'rty vested in tllt'in liy virtue uf the preiedint' seeliulis df this Art, with .-ill the like iiH'ideiits, lull siilijret tu all the like rijjhts, ei|iiilies and oiili- fiitidiis, as if the s.'inie were persnnal property vested in them. K. S. O. 1.SS7, e. lOS, s. 1>. 111. (1) I'^xeeiitdi's and administrators in wliom the ri'al estate of a deeeased person is vested iiniler this Aet hIuiII ho deemed tu have as full imwer tu sell and convoy siK'h real estate for the pnr- |)dse. Hot only of paying dehts, l)\it also of distriliiilin« or dividini: the estate nmon^ the parties lieiielielally envitlod thereto, whether there are dehts or not. as they liave in rej^ard to personal estat(>; provided always, that where Infants or lunatics are lieneticially entitled to such real estate as Iieirs or devisies, or whore other heirs or devisees do not eonenr in the sale, and there are no debts, no such sale shall he valid as resjioets such infants, lunatics, or non- concurrinp lieirs or devisees, unless the sale is made with the ap- lirovnl of the Oflicial Guardian appointed under the .Tudicature Act; same powers and duties as he has in the case of infants. if I'linl'KUIV l»|;V(>l.\l\n- li'llorM (if adiiiliiiHlriitinii an- liiiiltiil tn the p' iHiinil osiato i>xi-lu m|vi> (if tlic real cslatc, and Nlinll not (K rotate Ironi any rlK'it iximni'iim ril hy an cMcnlof or aihnlnlHtratur iniitly <>( thin Ait. < >nt. Alts. ISid, c. IS, s. J. IS*. I*i';..in?< Imnii Cnli' iHircliiiHlni; rciil esti''- fri>ni llic ox<'i'iiti»rH iillt|i>i| to IkiM till' Natni- fr I aiiil illschnrK*')! t'i'niii any ilclits (h- llaliiliHos nf tin* (I(>i'i-asi-il owner not Hpcrllii'Mlly (liarK«'iit. A. Is, IS'M, c. IS, H. r». '_'(>. I'crsiiiis liiiiia (idi^ piircliaslii;,' real estate fi'om a di'VJscc, w liosc (Ii'visi* lias liiTii asstMitfij (u liy the cxi'iMiinrs or Milininjst ra- tms liy (h'pd, or liy wrilin;; nmlcr tlirlr hand, or lie ' lidu ;iiirclias iii^ llio real cstato from any luir ul-law or devisee to w'loin Mk! same has In, -i (•onv(^y(>d Iiy tin? exociitorM or admiiilHtrat". ^ sliall lio ontliled til hold tlio Hamc frond and discharu'cd f"i'in any iin- s.'ilisfied (Iclits and Ilalillllles of th«' doconsc^d owner, imt spocitically I'liarircij tlicri'im dthci-wiso than liy his will, lint n-ithin;; heroin iiiiitalnod shall lesson or alter the i-i:;lits oT creilitors ns against till' Pxecntors or ndminlHtratnrs persf>nally. or the ritrlits of croill- ii^rs ns aKainst any devisee, lioiiat-law or next of kin In wli iiii mill for this purpose the (Hlirial (Jiiariliaii afntisald shall have the iral estnto of a docoasod dcditor has hoen ve-^tod t»y the oxomlors or administrators, or permitted to Ik-cuiiio vested, to flu.' prejndiee ul" such crodilors. Out. .Nets, ISOl, c. IS, s. (i. tiiiii iif Kfcimn. r>l>IM tiile pnii'llU.Mr 111 I ^lute til Imld >aii )' flee fri.Ml delili. I'.oii.'i tide piMili;i'-er e*' • >tilte iriiiii devi- >ceMtiiliii|il -ailie tree fl'i'lii di'liti l'|ii\ i-ii ai». Section S of the Devolution of Estates Act is jis follows: S.— (1> Whore infants Mieernod In real ost:ite whieh tnil Sj r for th(» procodin;: sections of this .Xct woiild' nut dovnhc on cxeiii- " Inie ii irs or administrators, no sale or cdnve.Nuncc Bliall lie valid nnd r lis Act without the written consent or approval of the Otliilal lti\. Stat. hint- interested. (ii ilili (liili ■' I'.i III line, '"" t2flO. As (<> inrjiiilH llicrc s«Tms («> lie ;\ rcpclilioii of ^''' jn'ovisioiiy in sccliniis l<5 (1) and S. Scclittn H'» (I) savs: " Ivxccniors iiiid iidniinisl ralors in wlioni tlic real cslalc of a drrrasrd jtcison is vcslcd undiT this Act " — t'lal is l{. S. ( ». c. IL'7 shall iiavc itowcr \o sell. iK:c., |»i(»\ idcd tlia) "where infants aic iKnellcijilly mlitlrd to sncli real estate as lieirs oi- devisees," no sale is valid " as respeels such infants" nnless with the ai»|)i(tval of the Ollicial (Juardian. Seelion S savs: " Wheie infants are coneern ed in real estati', which hnt foi- the jtrecedinj; sections of this Act would not devolve on execulorH or adniinis tratoi's." That is. where infants arc concerned in real estate which under the old law did not devolve upes obj(>ct. l?ut none of these provi- sions shall " dei'ojiate fi'om any rijrht possessed by an executor indepi'udently of the Act." •At \ (* JIM la.v y,\y i'r«' lu' ho rt' >ut SI' V!- an I'mn'i'Hi V i>i.\ui.viNu\. s:\ *2***2. 'I he power of sclliiij^ is a (lilTcrrnt iiiiitlcr frimi i'.,w.i cf iiiiK' If. nnl 111 clJMlr ImiIi the tldinc)! l.v oilier sedioiis of ilie I )evolii^""," ''"'>' I • ■ • 111 ciiMlri tioii of I'lslates Acl. These seclioiis will iie staled laler on when we ooiiie lo (leal wilh I he siilijed of hisi lihiil ion of llslales. titlifi. I'.iil nil llie (pieslioii of Hie power to sell or iiMcut. iiiorl;:a;^e I he followiii},' jiidjiiiieiiis seciii to shew con l nut. cure to I he ( Mlicial < iiiardian. (tH'K'l.ll I iiianliiiii. l/i / 1 ( ( 'I'llC tl'Slillli\ \«//, -'.> ( ». i:. i:sii. •\isc(l I.'IIkI |(; licr CXCCIItii'- Mini lrUv|i-(. ;ll|i lli< iliiis mill Milininisl nilcio, ii|>iiii iriisl in rcl.iiii I'lpf his iw ii ilsi fur jil't', ioiil tiirfilcil thill nl'lir his isirntoi's sliiiiili! sell tiic IiiihI ;niil >li\ir li;ii| iIh> riuhl li In llliirl t.':iL'<' I'nr viriuf of s. i<; iif Ihi' 'rriisirc Ail. It. S. < ». ■•. I'J'.t. ili'lils; :iiii| till' iimrl i;:i j.'cc in smh ii iiini'l l'.'i;.'!'. m.-iih- wilhiii (•i;^hii'iii iiiiiiitlis iif the iliMtli, wiis i\iini'r:ilii| troiii nil ilii|iiir.v hy s. 1'.'. Ill r.' r.ailiv. I'J Cji. I >. '21'.',. iiinl In n- TniKiiK'niy, 'Jn ( li. I >. 17^. fnllnwi'il. Till' I Irviiiillinii of l';slatfS All, IJ. S. O. r. IIJT, lines tint .iliply In !l i-llSf whel'e tile exeeillnr mis miller tile will iillil the |irn\isinns of the Trilslee Alt. /)( /( Kixtlli's Ti lifts. 1i; (). K. |-_".l I''KKi;r.sii\. J. - The lestalnr, 1 iissiiiue ilieil after the first ihiy nf .Iiil\, issc,. The liiiid in i|iiestinn is an estate nf inlierita nil as iiieiitiniieii ill sec. ;'., para^ia pli (m nf the A In tlie testator iit the time of his ileaih. ainl it of the wnnls, "Ail siieh |irn|iert.\- as afnresai iiiiy iiersnii." eniniirisin : the lirst ami part nf t 4 of tlie .\it. The next fnllnwiiiv' w niils nf si 1 nnipriseil in any siieh ilispnsitimi as afnresaiil. the last ehllise or prn\isin|i nf see. ?, nf tile Ae Then liy seetien 4 of fli(> Aet. it is i1eehir< MS anil in the iiositinii of the prniierty in ip st ii of th(> person in whniii it is vesteil. notwithstiiiH tlispositioii, ilovulvo upon nnd lioeonie vested VW{ r^ 'I V y-l KXKCr'IOliS AM) .\l»MINIsri!AT<>US. rcju't sciit.Mlivc I'fuiii time to time !iiiil suli.it'rt to thi' iiii\ iin'iit of liis di'lits, :iii(l so I'iir iis it is not ilisiinscci of liy deed, will. < oiitriict, oi- otlitT t'lTrcliiiil disposition, that it siiall he distrihntfd as personal I)rop('i-(y not so disposed of, is, after 111" passing of the Art, to lie dlstrilmted, Tlie will in tlic present ease ;;ives tin l;ind to tlie exeentors, itinl Kives tliein lli(> power to sell if, and it wonld seem to nie strange that the elTec t of the Act should lie to diminish this imwcr of sale »)i' disposition. The llh section savs that notw ithstjindint; :in.v tes- tamentar.v ilisposition it sliall devohe upon and lieeom;- vested in the le;x;il iiersonal I'eiireseiil.ati ves, ami 1 think it diil so devolve liy force of the .\ct, and not w it list a ml in^ the will. 'I'lie words '' not w ith- sl.indinK any testanient;ii\v disjiosilion." are very ;;eneral, nnd'liave. I think, as the.v ;ire used in th(> .\e1. a meaniii".; the most iumpre- hcnsive; and I thiid; tlH> estate or interest in these lands that e;ime to tli(> e.Necutors they ha\(> under the jirovisions triliuliou of Iho jiropeity the ]irovisions and directions eontiiiiied in the will must lie foUowt'il so far as Ihey extend. Then the Sth section of the Act says tli;it where infants are eon eeineil in real estate, wliicli, Imt for the iirecedim; sections of the Act, wonld not "devohe" npun executors or administrators no sale or conveyance shall lie Valid under tht> Act without the written consent or approval of the ollicial ^ruardian of inf;tnts aiipointed under the .Tudicature Act, or in the .ibsence of such consent or aiiprovnl, witli.uit an* order of the High Court. The dilliculty I I'uvo is in respect to the words in this section " which, but for the lirecoding sections of this Act, woidd not devolve on executors or Uilininistrators." Ity these words it seems to have been assumed that: there are eases or instances in which, apart from the preceding: seitions referred to, the estate might or would " devfdve on" execu- tors or ndministrntors, which, according to the strict meaning of the word "devolve" could not, 1 think, leaving some iieculiar estates out of conside'-ition, be the case uidess the executor or administra- tor happened to be heir-at-law (and even in such a case he wotdd not take as executor or administrator), because the executor or administrator as such, before the Act look, and mow, apart from the provisions of the Act, takes no estate or interest in the lands of the testator >r intestate. As to the lands, nothing fell upon him by succession. As to these, he coidd not in his capacity of executor or administrator, bo a successor, or take by succession. Hence the estate couhl not devolve upon him nc<'ording to the strict meaning of the word "de- volve." By these considerations I am led to the conviction that the a I'ltOI'MIM'V |)KVo|.V|\(i ri'ov. Lc'Kislatnrc did ikiI use or iiitcinl to use the wonl "devolve" in tlif« M'ciiiid lino of lli(> Stli section Jiccordinj; to its strict nnd Mcc.-iiti d nienninK. I'lit according to n inennin^' tliiit is found in some of tli<> (Uithoritics. nnnicly. "to pass to anoili.r." and that wliat is really meant l.y this part of t lie Nth sertion is. that where infants are con- cerned in real estate, which, hut for tiie preceding sect inns referred t provisions of the A lands hy the I'xec'itois. hi rr Koch nmf Wiilniiati. '2~> O. U. "Jtiti. Stri^kt, J. Ilaviii},' in view th(> course of mo(!ern leKi"=i!ii. iiiid the strenirtli of the opinions v\hich have heen expressoil in favour of the i>osilii>n that an exjiress jiower of sale to i xcculors, even thoUKh nnacconi panied hy an interest, survives and fidlows the otlice, I should h' prepared to liold that I he jiower of sale in this will was well pxectited hy th(> survivinir executor, even thoiiich it should he hold to ho a power without an interest: Ilouell v. llarnes, Cro, Car. oS'J; Sudden on Towers, Sth ed.. 112S; Ue Ste|>henson, 24 O. R. nU't; n S. O. c. 110, a. 28. The Devolution of Estates .\ct does ni)t appear to contain nny provision interferinj: with an exi)rcss power of sal<\ such as i*; contained in !his will. The will gives the executors throe years from the testator's de.Mth 'ii which to dispose of the Innd. The first section of the amending' .Vet, ."4 Vict. e. IS (O.). onaet- llint r(>al estate not disposed of hy the executors or ailministrators within twelve months after the testator's ileath. sh.-iil j-'o to the d<'. visoes or heirs henelicially entitled, unless the executors or adndni- trators haV(> re>;isler(>d a caution as therein provided. l!ut i le effect of this enactment, I Ihiidv, is not to he ex'.ended lieyonil the revesting in the devisee or heir, as tli(» ease nia.v hi", of the estate which would, hut for the -lih section of the l)cvcdniiiin of 1'',stales .Vet, c. 10S, 1{. S. O., have vested in him )ipon the testator's death. The Act in (luestion is iiit(>nded, iis appears lui its face, to aid executors and administrators to deal with th(> estates which an re quired for the payment of dehts where such aid is necessary to en- ahle them to do so; there is nothing in it ti> interfere with the provisions which testators may themselves have made as to the time and manner in which their estates are to be dealt w itb Where S.'i f' II n u t"« If i [ ■ pmmfmm4 wm w hU EXECUTORS AM) A D.MIMSTUATOKS. snrh j)rovisi(iiis luivc liccii iiiiiili' \>y a tcstatnr. the Act iiiiiy siii)pl('- iiieut but doi's not (letniit Iroiii iln'iii, ami fcrtaiiily doi-s not destroy the express directions of a will as to the time and mannor of con- viTsion, for the imrposi' of vi'siinj; an al)solnt(' titlt- in a liciu'ticiary at an earlier period tiian tlie testator inti-nded iiini to iiave it. The exet'iitor here lias a power of sale under the will and eaii exercise it under the will without rej^ard to the Act. If Ik? luid taken it under the Act tliat would have lieen a different thin^;, and he must have exercised it witliin the tinu' limited hy the Act uv not at all. SSee Re Booth's Trust a, 10 C). K. 4'»J. Foiloical in rv llvmtt 16 Jennyn, ioth Aitril, tsp('ai' to be a general statement of (lie powers of executors and administrators relatinj; to i-eal estate. If so, the provision that section 1(1 shall not " dei'ojiate from " any rij^lit possessed by an executor or administrator in- dejx'ndently of this Act," wonld seem I0 make (|nile <'lear by lejiislation what re liootb's Trusts decided, viz., that whei'c a will j^ivos an executor power to sell lands, the consent of the Ollicial (Jiiardian is not reiiuired, even if there are infants. The same principle applies if there aie adult heii's and no debts, and these adult heirs do not a^ree to the sale. Adniinis- !2Si5. Where administrators in cantractins to soil trators and executors lands Under circiimslances not re(|uii'inji the consent of not in all , , «■ • 1 i- i 1 1 1,1 i . c ro8|K!ct« "'•' oMiciaJ o;uar(ban, nevertheless made the contract ot like atrus- j^.,1,. subject to his aiiiu'oval, and, as was alley;ed, lost the tee for sale .111 j-. sale by havinj*' throujih nenlijicnce and delay failed I0 obtain such apjtroval within the time reijuired by the conli-acl, but had acted throujihoul with jjood faith aiul to the best of their judjiuient : — Held, that they were not liable to make jj;ood to the estate the detieiency I'esultinj? from fi resale. I'nder the above act, executors and administrators are not, in all I'espeets, in the same position as a trustee for sale of lauds. ' SI i PUOF'KKTY I)f:V()LVlNG UPON. 87 rjMdi the liillcr is cast a dul.v ia sell, upon lln' foiinei' Ji inert' (liscreti*)n to be exercised onlv for ceiltiiii I»urposes jMul ill ceitaiii events. Seiiilile, where the Jii'proval of the otlicial {iiiardijiii is not refpiired. notice need not be j^iven to him under Kule KMin. /;( ;r nitrhirs rslntr. L'f. O. R. 409. !35<». A testntof devised to his daughter a lot of land K\«(nt(.is charjjed with a legacy. The daujrhtei' predeceased Ihe sl'li'iand V, testator, leavinj; two children to whom the lot descended. i'-i> ''k;'' > On an aj>plicatioii by the executors at tlie instanci' (»f the Otlicial Oiiardian. it was: — Held. that, it was the duty of executors to sell the land and i>ay the le^iiiey. h't Eildii: 2- o. It. r>o»!. rSj.:, Iff!;':'! Wfu 2»'5'7. T.and was conveyed iii 1S74 to a 1iusba;iu and wife who were married in 1S04: — Held, that tiiey to(dv like slranjifers. not by entireties, but as tenants in coninion: — Held, also that the husband could by the Devolu tion of Estates Act. as aay. Martin v. Magce, 19 O. R. 705, distin«nil I'Jfotric f.ighl Co.. 'JO O. It. 3t)7. S.-ilc of Iniid— T'nkii'iwn (lunntity. Sea V. ^tl^r.rall. 14 S. C. K. f;.T2. Tower of sale. Jnhnnon v. Kincmcr, 8 O. H. ]'J3. Power to sell, iinplii'd power to take baik mortgage. Rr arnham Cmtiact, 17 O. R, 570. Wtieiv execiifr.rs are given express power to sell lands, whether < tr.'itor fan make title. JlilirJ-: ■ "I m hii SH KXJ'X'UToRS AND ADMFNISTUATORS. 'I'lio ndiiiiiiislralors «if tin insolvent (It'cciiscd person contracted to sell some ot' liis huuls. Siilise(|iienl ly (o the eontrut a crediti wli had olilained a judgment anainst Hie deceased in iiis life time issued execulion thereon nnder an ex parte order therefor ajjainst tlie estate in Ilie hands of the administi'alors:— Held, tiial tlie execution formed no ciiar^e or enctinibrance on the lands conlrailcd to he sold. Oi-ders shniild not he made ex parte allowing issue of execution aKiiiisf n<'"'ds of a testator or inleslate in th(> han administrator. )f an executor or lu IT TiiihIs Corjioidliou of Ontario dinl liarhmcr, "Jti O. U. llil. An executor or administrator cannot nuike tl ,> lands of the testator or intestate the subject of speculation or exchango hy him in the same niauner as if the lands were his own. 'i'lie Court refused to decree specilic performance of a contr.U't hy an executor to exchan>;e hinds of his testatrix for other lands, a tlie purpose of the exchange could not have been the payment ; . debts or the distributic )f the estate, niid it was .shewn that the beiieliciarios objected to the excliaiifre, and it did not appear that the oHiciil guardian had been consulted. Tcnutc V. Walsh, 124 O. li. 3(»0. I'ndi'r the Devolution of Instates Act, the executor of a d(>ceased lessor can niaUc a valid renewal of a lease pursuant to the coven in( of the testator to renew, lie Canadian Pacific h'. IV. Co. aud Naliomil Club, 24 O. H. kv^ ; Mul. s ,,f practice where ^'Uivnhiiirs consent re- <|uired. SflH. U'licii tile olViciiil pitiai'diiin's consont is iie m^s- snry to n siilc of land its inoiitioiu'd in the At'i, tlio following rules nmst be observed. 1. By Rule 971, " Before an executor or adniinis trator takes proceedings under the Devolution of Estates Act for the sale of real estate in which infants are con- cerned, he shall give to the oflticial guardian or other officer charged with the duties referred to in the 8th section of the said Act notice of the intention to sell, and shall not be entitled to any expenses incurred before giving such notice." 2. Produce the probate or letters of administration to, and leave a copy with, the official guardian. r 11 I'UOPKKTY I)KV(»l,VIN. If llie hind is muh-r nioi(;,'a^'e produce a stale ment from the niortj^Mjjjee of tlie amount due on his mortjia^^e, if it can he p;ot ; if not, sonu- reliable evidence of the amount due. If nej!;()tialions for sale are pendinj^ the ollicial fjuardian will, upon the above material, assent to the sale if a proper one. If no negotiations are pending; hi* will assent to a sale to be mad<>. In the nu-antime it is necessary for the administra- tors to: — (). Advertise for creditors in the usual way. and prove the advertisement to the ollicial <>uardian. I'ro (luco the sheritl's oertiticate as to executions afi:ainsl the deceased. All claims both paid and unpaid, and all known to the executor or a.MI NISTItAI o|v ordt-r tuncliinK the real cstatp and tin- liriii'fcds tliiTcul'. or tlii' cfists of tlio pnicicdinKN. as to llit> .Iiidno may sccin tit. ( 'oiiscdidatcd' Iliilc KMIC. ■u if' i; "' t < 'iTtiiiii p:ist sales miiile will) ajiprm al of (Htieial (iiiardiaa couti lined . Certain past sales may l)e colitinaed by Ortieial (inanliaii. Other cases (f j)ast sale." Certain past sales >ali!l. In oi-tlcr lo iiiiike viilid rci-liiin sjilcs I he follow- ing scctioiiM wcrr passed: ]". (1) Sales of such real estate as aforesaid made prior to the 4tli day of .May, 1S!H, ],y executors and administrators willi the written L'oiiseiit or approval of th»» Ollieial (Jnardian. us reipijred hy section S of tliis Act, shall 1k> doomed valid as rospeets nil the lioirs and devisees, whether infants or of fnll a^o, thonuli theie were no dclits of the deceased to he [laid out of the pi'ocoods. CJ) The approval of the (Klicial iJuardian to he e.xpressod in writiiiK nnder liis hand shall lie snllicient to coiitirm ami rc'iidei valid, as respects all the heirs and devisees, though thero were no delits of the deceased lo he paid ont of the proceeds, any sale made piior to the said 1th day of May, ISitl. in any case in which the valne of the infants shar" is niuler $.">(». (.'() Sales of such real estate as aforesaid nnuK' prior to the said •1th day of Alay, ISDI, liy e.xecntors and administrators in other cases shall ho ar to ecpiity and Kood con science, in view of all the circnmstancos, and every sale which has been made in Kood faith and for a fair consideration shall he held valid. (4) Every sale made prior to the said 4tli day of May, 1S!)1. shall lie valid nnless it was (inestioned in an action within one year from the said date, except in any case where, nniler this Act. the approval of the (Mlicial (Inardian was recjulred and was not olitained. (")) In case any sale made prior to the 4th day of May, tS!)l. is now, or heretofore has been, the subject of an action, and relief is Kiven to eitlu'r party nnder this section, the party obtaining such relief shall pay the costs of the action. Ont. Acts, IS'.ll. c. TS, s. H. IS. Where, prior to the 4lli day of May, 1S!>1, there had '.een a sal(> by executors or arson, or one of the porsons, benetioially entitled has received and aciopted. or sliall hereafter receive and accept, his I'UOIM'UrV DKVoi.VINf! CI'oV. 91 Kir.it of i».- . <.f Aft. slijiic, 1)1- sii|i|iiisi'il sliiirc III' tlic imriliiisc niniicy, smli iiircptaiu'c shall l>*' ili'fllli'c! il rcillliniiilt inli nl' tilc Slllr iis I'i-s|it>rls Slli'll pi'l'soll. Out. Arts, IS'.ll, r. IS, s. 1. a«0. In IV l{(«l;*., by the Act .">(» N'ict. ca[). 20. |i(>wer was jjiven to caution after tlu' land had shifted, and the Act, by section 4. was declared to be apjtlicable to the estates of jtersons dyinjj; " before «»r after the jiass- inp: of the said Act or this Act." The Ad ef |S!H was held not to be retrospective. But the «'ffect of section 4 of the Act of ISJ):? was a]»parenily to make it retro spective, and to enable the personal representative to If mm w w !)2 C; ml lulls. Healcstiitc nut (li-i|)i)s- t(l 111 witli- ill a year to Vfst ill lit'ii's un- It'ss cau- tion, \{(\. Stat.c.iaS. KXKCCroH.S ANK A HM [N isTltAH >lts. cnuddii iifh r lilt' time in ciisi's to wliidi llic ori;;iii;il Ait h:i(] not iipiilird iit till. Tlic Cliiincclli.r iit iirst liild (Iv'o ISiiiid, 1:5 ('. I.. T. I'TT). lliJit tlic rllVct of scclion 1 of lli«' Act (,f IS!»;! wiis lo iiiiikc llic Act of IS!»1 n'trospccliv e. 'riiiis, llioii^h oiioiiiiilly not ret ids|i«'ctiv(', it bi'ciiinc retro- spective lifter lieiiifi: in force two vejirs. Hut ii^-iiin, in re Mjirtin, '2i\ (>. K. Hi.'., tlie ( "liiiiicelior, sifter furtiier i'oiisideriilion. licld tliiit re I5iiii'd wjis not correctly decitled, iind tlnil liie ell'i el of tiie Act of 1S!>.'{ w;iH not to niiiko tlu; Act ot IHIJI rctiohpectivc. Tims, tlit; estate of a piison dyin^ l»ef(»re tlie Itli of May, iJSiH, wsjs not snltjecl to sliiflinjf or :{ by slriU- iuy; out the \vor testator or intes- tate shall, snhject to the Land Titles Act, in the case of land re^Ms- tered nnder that Act, at the expiration of the said iieriod, whether probate of the will of the testator or letters of administra- tion to the estate of the Intestate lias been taken or not, be deemed thenceforward to be vested in the devisees or heirs iieneticially entitled thereto, as such devisees or heirs (or their assigns, as the case may be), without any conveyance by the ex- ecutors or administrators, unlos such (>xeciitor8 or administrators. 1 i'i!iti'i;i!Tv i»i;voi,\ iN(i ri'oN. 98 If any, liiivt* cniisfil to he loulsiun-il. In tlic rc^Ntry ollli'c, or liiiir thfir haiiiH lliiit it Is iif may in- noi-cHsafy lnr tiii'iii tu sill tlh- saiil rrjil C'slatt', (ii- pact iJK'ri'cii', innler tlieir imwcrs iunl In I'lilliiiiiciil nl' tiii'ir duties III that lifliall'; ainl In casi- of siii'h caiili'iii Inini; s.i rci.'ls- tcied, this si'illdii sliall iiut apply to Ihi- n-al cstal'- fil'i'icd tu thi'icin for lueive niontiis frnm the linU' of siidi ri'trislniiinn, or ffoin the tlini- f>f till' resist ration of the li'St of such canlloiis it III. lie than .>ie> arc registered. Out. A(l t ( take notice. And (lie expi'iitioii of the siid eantioii sinill he verilied l»y the ntlidavit of a siilisorlliin;,' witness in ma' nc- prescrihcd h\ the J{ei?istry Act. (;>) In case tlie cantlon si>eci(ics the tracts or jiareels wliich tlie If cantion executors or adniinist ratnrs may have occasion to sell, tlie ciiiition ?'"'!'' sliall he eff<'ctiiai as to tlw se tracts or parcels only. land.. tl|e>e .nh (4) Tl le cxe'iitofs oi Iniinlslrators h'fore the exiiiratiun of tlip twelve iiioiitlis inav til(» a eertilicato witlnlrawiiiu' the caution alhitcd. Willi al Ml nieiitioned in tlie preceding; suhsections; or withdraw imr tlie same caution. as to any parcel nf iMiid specified in such certKicfite. jiini such certiti- cate of witlidiaval inav he to the effect followini;: W 'xecntors (or ndmiidstrators) of <]< licfchv withdraw the caution heretofore rei;istered with respect u the real estate of tie said (()*• IS the case may he). f)nt. Acts. IS'.tl, IN, s. 1 C2-A). (5) The certificate of ithdri il s! lal he v(>ritied hy tli davit of a stibscrihinpr witness, which shall lie in the followini form, or to the like (>ffect: I, (J. II.. etc., make fiath tiinl say: I am well aciiuainted witl A. B. and C. D.. tinined in the above certificate; that T was p.ie- sont and did see the said certificate slciifd by the said A. U. and r. D.; that I am a snhscrihinir witness to the said ('(M-tilicate ami I believe the said .\. B. ai.d C. D. to be the persons who reiristereil the cantion referred to in the said certificate. Ont. Acts, 18lt7, c. 15, Scbed. A (42). 1 Hi- ( 'e. ( iticati if with- liawal to ificd I 'II oath. iH '. IS'.ll. sliiill not nlTi'i'l liny i-oii\e,\ .•incr nimle liefnif ilie l."!ili iliiy of A|i'il, is'.i". (Hit. .»ils. IsjtT, 1. 1 I. s. '_".t, part II. Wilere exerlltiirs or ilillii illisi r;i tors Ilil\e. ttll'iiuull overslu'llt or ollierwise, oinitteil to r. Til the nlisenee ami in lieii of siieli consent, aii oiilor si;;m'i| liy a lli;:li ( 'mirt .Imly:e or County t^oiiit .Iinliie, or the eertiiiiatn <<{ llm (tjliiial < i nanlia n apin'nviii;; of ami an- tliori/.ili;,' the eaillioli to lie rei.'isteri'(|, wliiili order or eer- tilieate the .Imlyc or < llliiiiil Uiianlian may malic with nr Willlnlll nnlicr. nil slhil e\ii|ellce Is salisties llilll of the propriety of permitting the caution to lie rciiisteriil ; and the or(l(>r to ho reiristered shall not roipiire verilim- lion, ami shall not lie rendered null liy any defect or sup- posed defoct. of form or otherwise. (hit. Acts, IXK,'!, c. 20. s. 1. IT). In case of siidi caution IipIiii; rejfistered oi- re-reiristered under the aiithoiity of the preceiliiif,' section, such caul ion shall havie the siune etVect as a caution rcKi^tered within twelve months from the death of the testator or Intestate, save as regards (icrsons \\lio In the mcantinie may h;ive aciinired rljjhts for valnahle consideia- tion from or ihroiiirh the heirs or devisees, or some of tlioni; and save also and suhjci.t to any equities on the part of non-consenting; ? ill Ir.iii-iiiin- Pitui'Kinv i>i;v<.r,viN*i ii'^n. !>•> lieirH Mini ilcvlHOfH, III' |M-rHiiiis rlaiiiiiiiK iiihIit tlii'in, for iiii|iriivr iiii'iitH iniiili' afti'i' till' )>\|iii'iiti<)ii III' twi-lvi' iimiillis riiiiii tli<' iloiitli (if tlif li'Miiilnr III- liilrslnli'. it' tlifir lamls iiri- iiIIim uiinls smI.j liy siirli I'xenitors nr (uliiiiiiistiiiturs. nut. Acts, lst».'{, c !.'(•, s. 'J. tj«;i. 'I'll,' (Icvisco of iMiil fstiltc uinltr the will ft' al"""-t"' Ii'stiltur, silltjcrt In llif I >i'\ iiliil inli of llstillfS Arl ;i ml n ;il • '.tiiti ;iiininliiM'iils, li;is :i I riiiisiiiissiltlf iiilciTsI in llii- liiii'l^i .|i'Ii (ilirill^; IIm- Iwrivf llinirilis ;irirf lln' ilt'Mtll of llir 1csl;ilnr. |n'iHliii;i uliicli liiiic llifv iiic scslnl Itv liif Art ill ilic li'jjiil pcrsdiiiii it|ii('si'iiliili\ cs. AihI wiicic ii';il rsliili- (Icvist'd liy ii will so siiiijccl. (if wliicli IritiM's (if iDliiiiiiistnilioii wiili llir will iiiiiD-xid liiiil Imtii ;;i-.iiiIi'(I diiiiiio ||ii> t\M'|\c iiiunllis siMrci'diii^ llic li'sliilor's (li'iilli, liiil lis li; wliirli no liiiilion ti:iil cvri* liccn n'^iislrrnl, wiis. diiiiii^' sinli |Miim|. imiil o;iii,.(| li\ llic devisee in j-ood fiiilli: — Held. Iliiit the lllii|(o;|M,. \v;is ()|ieiiil ive lielweeii llie devisee iiiid llie morl^ii-i^ce when ninde. ;ind lieennie fully so ;is to the hind iind ii^ijiinsl the |ieisoniil i'e|iieseiil,i ii\('s when llie yejir expired, in the nliseiiee uf ;iny wiini in;^' thill il w.is needed foi- I heir piii-pnses. /.'(I MiMilhni. Mi\lilhii, V. )l<\l illiiii. L' I ( ). K. isl. i2<»8. In oilier llml exeiiilors nuiy lie phircd in ;i r..uri> ..f posilion lo de:il with llie n-jil eslnle nf ihe lesliilor the ],y,.',.'J.,!,','i"" follow inji' slnlnloiy |iio\ isioiis li;i\i- lieeii einicted: |{. S. ' ~^'■''''• <>. 1S!»7. c. IL'1>. The Tliislee Act. Ivie L'l. Wlicrc any ihtsou li.'is I'litcrfil intu ;\ rontrart in w riiin;; fur the salt' iinil iniivfyiiiirc 111' itmI rstatr. nr of liny csimii' nr intiTc^l lliori'iii. anil siirli pi'i'smi lias dii'il intostatc, nr willnint. jiniN hlinf,' liy will fur tlic iiinvi'y;inci' of siidi mal ost.ati'. nr cstMti' or Inlcrost llierclii In the jierson pnlitlcd. or to lii-conii' cntitlfil to su' li cnuvf.v aiii'o iiinliT such contract. (Ih-ii if llic ilccciiscil wonhl In- liaMc to ♦■xccutc a cniivoyancc were he nlivc. the oxccntnr, n'lministratnr, or iilniinistralni- wiih the will jinncxcd ('.is tin' case nniy lie) nf such i|e- ciaseil persnii shall in.'ike and j-'ivc lo the |ici'snn cMititled to the same a iTood and snlliclent convcyanco. or cntiveyanccs, nf smh est;itos, find of siic.li nature as the said deceased, if liviiiir, would he linldo to jrive, I'ut without covenants, exceiit as ai,'ainst the acts of the L,'ranior: l'!\i(utoi-. etc., niiiy may cnn- \>-y ill |iiii snaiicc of a enntriicl for >alc iiiade liy dicca^id. liO EXKCl'TOllS ANO ADMIXISTltAToltS. and siu'Ii conveyances .sliall he iis valid and effectual as if the de- ceased were alive at the time of the inakiiiK thereof and had exe- cuted tlio same, hut shall not have any further validity. II. S. O. 1S07, c. 12!», \,-2-l (s. lit; U. S. (). 18S7, c. llOj. M f 1 l)nti(s;iiiil '2'). lOvery executor, administrator, and administrator with the li:il)dities ^^.jji ., iiiicxed, sliiill, as respects the additional powers vested lu him of an cxicntur '•>' this Act, and any money or assets liy liim receivcil in conseiiuonce '""' . . of the exercise of such powers, he subject to all tiie liabilities and tiiitor net- t'ompeilahh' to discharge all thi; duties of whatsoever kind whii'li. iiir undiT as respects the acts to he done by him under such powers, would "'I'l'"'''' hiive l)een imi)osed >ipon an executor or other person appointed by •II lllis ' ' Alt. the testator to execute the same, or in case of there being no sinh executor or pei-son, would have bi'en imposed by law iii)on any person appointed by law or by any (."ourt or .ludKe of comiieteiit jiiiisdiction to execute such powers. U. S. O. IS'JT, c. 121), s. '2't (s. 27, K. S. O. 1S87, c. Ud). I'liwci-s '.'.(>. Where tiuM-e are several executors, administrators, or nd };i\en liy miuistrators with the will annexed, and one or more of them die, tins .\ct to , , , , , ,, . , two or ^"^ powers liereby created shall vest in the survivor or survivors. iiioiesm-- H. s. (). 1X97, c. 12!), s. 21) (s. 2S, K. S. O. 1SS7, c. 110). vi\<)i--i. s.ii.sfive tiHa. WIk'I'c llic d'cciscd was inairicd and h'ft him friiiii claim of dowiess siirvi\ iiio- a \vi pei'sonal representatives of .-i deceased person are ilesiroiis of sellinir any land devolvini,' upon Ihem free from dower, tli(\v ir.iiy iipiilx- lo n .Tiid;;e of the Iliiri: Court, and if tlie iludi;e a|ipi'oves he m;iy, by an order to be made by l.iin in a summary way, upon such evidem-e is to him seems meet, and eiti.n" ex parte, represfii- or upon notice (to be served person.iily, u.iless tlie .Iud>re >therwise I V i-i.f hind per- tativr f of diiwer. directs), determine wliether Innd sh be sold free from the risrlit of the (lowri>ss: niid in mnkint; such det(>rmiiiation reirird shall lie Imd to the inlerests of all the pnrties. (2) No ex part(> order slnill 1k> made unless wliere serv ICO upon the dowress cjinnot he conveniently mnde. i:\) Tf a sii fr(>e from such do wer i> irdered. all the ri^ht and interest of siieli dow!'(>ss sh;ill pass tliereby; and no conveyance or release to the imrchnsor shi'ill be refiuired from sucli dowress; and tlie purcliaser, his lieirs md assigns, '^ludl hold the premises freed and dischaiTcd from mH claims by virtue of the rights of any sucli dowress, whether the same lio tn any undivided share, or to the whole or any part of the promises sold. I'lUH'KIMV DKVOLVINC; I'l'oy. 91 (A) 111 sucli ciisc til.' Court or .ludirc iiiny direct tli(> iiayiiuMit of such sum ! . „ross out ot' the purchase iiioucy to the person entitled to dower as may lie deemed, ui :i the priiiciph'S a|)piii llde to lil'i iiuiiiitie a icasoiialpie sutist'actioi! for suili ri;:hl or interest: or may direct lip' payment to the person entitled lo dower of an annual sum. or of iin income or interest lo he di'iived fi'cmi the purchase money or any jiarl thereof, as may seem just, and fiU' that purpose niiiy make sinli order for the investment or other disposition of ihi- purchiise money (U' any [lart thereof ;is may be necessary. Out. Arts. 1M»7. c. H. s. Ijti. lill t24»0. In coiiin'ctioii with this sultjcct. (lif roUnwiii'i Land of section should he noticed. t;il,'ross sum which the Court thinks reasoiialile, or the jier 't'i,',II ,',|;,v munent investinciil id' ,i reasonalde sum in such niaiiiier thit tic oe made iuti'rest thereof he made p.i,\,i!il.' to the iiersmi entitled to dower diirini,' her life the Court or .Iud'_'e may id and such I whole I34»7. Where th" hinds of llie testator are stdiject tn epciinibrtuice, the foMowin^ luovisions from tlic Trnstcc Act (II. S. (). ISOT. c. 120) apply: l:liteeiith day of Si'iitoiuher, IStia, or alter the passinir of this Act. a testatiu' charges liis real estate, or any specilii portion thereof, with the pay- ment of his dehts. or with the payment of any k'j.'acy. or other si>ecl- lic sum of money, and devises the (>state so cliar>,'ed to any trustee or trustooH for the whole of his estate or interest therein, and does not inalvc an.v express provision for the raislnj: of siieli deht, loj;a<'y or sum of money out of snoh estiite. the said devisee or devisees in trust, notwithstaiulin)! any trusts actually declared by the testator, may raise sueli debt, legacy or money as aforesaid. Iiy a sale ami absolute disposition by public nnctioii, or private contiaet, of the K.K.A. 7 I^MlldsMlli- Jcct to cncuui- l)ranoes. I )• A i>cc in trust may raise niiiiicy by sale or inortKave to sati>fy cliJirg'es, not. with- >tMiidiiij,' want of exiaes.s power in the will. ^:1F 98 EXECUTORS AX'I) ADMINISTRATORS. Iiiilp. Act. 'J2--S.'> V.c w PoWtT Kivt'ii l),v liistsci'ticiii tXttllllcil to. surviv- ors, devi- sees, etc. Ilii]). .\ct, 22 2;{ V. c. ;<.-), s. 1.^. Hxecutor to iiave power of ^lisiIl^' money where there is no special (ie\ ise. Imp. .Vet, 22 2S V. e. X., s. l(i. I'lirchiis- ers, etc., not lioiniil to en(|nire iis to exer- cise of powers. Iniji. .Act, 22-2:i V. c. X-,, s. 17. Section Id to 10 not to iitfect cer- tain .sales nor to extend to devisees in fee or in tail. Imp. Act, 2'-2;{ V. c. .'{a, s. Direction tosell,etc., mav lie ex- ercised iiy fxecutor siiid real ostfite, or any part thereof, or l>y a niortnane of llio same, or partly in one iu() person or persons in whom the estate devised is for the time liein^ vested by snrvlvorship. descent or devise, or to any person or persons appointed nnder any power in the will or by the lli;;h Court, to succeed to the trusteeship vested in such d(>viseft or devisees in trust as aforesaid. R. S. O. 1S!)7, <.'. 1L><>, s. 17 (s. 10, K. S. O. 1SS7. o. 110). IS. If a testator, who <-reati^s such a charfie as is described in section If!, does not devise the real estatsaid in such terms as that his whole estate and interest therein beiouie v(>s(ed in .'iiiy trustee or truste(>s, the execntr named in the will (if any) shall have the same or like l)ower of raisinji' the said moneys .is is hereinbefore conferred upon the d(>vise(> or di>visees in trust of the said real estate; and s\ich powers shall from time to time dev(dv(^ to and become v(>sted in the l)(>rson or jiersons Cif any) in whom the execuloiship is for the time beimr vested; but any sale or mort^rajre under tliis Ai't shall opiMMte only on the estate .•iiid interest of the testator. K. S. O. 1S'.)7. e. 12'.). s. IS rs. 20. 1{. S. <). 1SS7. c. 110). 1!>. Purchasers or mortjjapees shall not be bound to inqtiire whether the i>owers conferred by the i)recedinfr three sections of this Act, or any of them, liavo been duly and correctly exercised by the l)erson or jiersons .'ictini;- in virtue thei-eof. I*. S. ( t. 1S!)7. e. 121). s. 11) (s. 21. It. S. (). 1S,S7. e. 110). 20. The provisions contained in the iireeeiliuLr t'our sei'ti(i;>s ^Irill not ill an.v way preindiee or affect anv sale or iiiort.L'aLre ali'ciidy made or hereal'ler to be made under or in ptirsuance of any will coiiiiiii;- into oiteralion before the 1Sth day of Seiitember, 1S"i."i; but the validity of any such sale or mort;;a::e sliall lie .'isceri a ineil and determined in all respects as if th(> said sections had not been enacted; and the said several sections shall not extend to a devise to any person or persons in fee or in tail, c- for the testator's whole estate and intei'(\st ehar^red with debts or legacies nor shall they alTect the jiower of any such devisee or devisees to sell or mortgaKe as lie or they may by law now do. R. S. O. 1S07. e, ]{. S. (). 1SS7, e. Itn. 12!). s. 20; s. 22, 21. Where there is in any will or eodlcll of any deceased person fwhether such will lias been niacle or such person has died before or after the first day of .Tanunry, 1S71), any direction, whether exjiress I'KOPKIITY I)IiV()LVI.\(; UPON. 99 «r inii)li(>il. to sell, dispose of, appniiit, inortKii^c, incmiilicr, or loiiso wlnii tio auv roiil cstntp, mid no person is Itv the s,iid will or some codicil" " '^. • » • pCTMltl IS tliercto or otli(>r\visc liy tlic testator appointeil to execute ami carry iippointid llio sam(» into ofl'ect, tli(> executor or executors (if any) mimed ii til exercise SUlll ill or codicil sliall and mav execute and carry into effect every such directJDn to sell, dis|)ose of, appoint, iiiciiiiiln'r, or lease such real estate, and tiny estate or interest tlieriMii, in as full, lar^o, and ample fi manner, and with the same leu.-il effect as if the execu- tor or executors of the testator were aiipoiiited liy the tcstiitor to execute and carry the same intu ( >nvct. ij. s. o. isni |-J!>. M (s. Ii. S. (>. 1SS7 llO). 122. Wliere there is in any will or codicil thereto of any deceased Adniluis p(M-son (whether such will has heen made, or such person lias died tratorw iili liefore or after the first da.v of .laniiary, 1S71, iiiiy jiower to iiny II llcxeil ni:iv »>xecutoi' executors in sinli will to s (lisp ■;e of. ai lint, niort- excrciM; i^ai incninlK'r or le;is(> any refil estate, or anv estate oi- interest 1'""*'' !' ale ^'ivcn therein, whether such power is express or atis(}s liy implicatiim, and to tli where, from auv cause, letters of admiuistrati e\i'rv ~uc pdWc-r a 1 ml sell, dispose iif, sucji rt'al (■slut iiid anv es- appoint, iii(irt;;a'j:e, iiiciinilier or lea> fate or interest therein in as full, liirtro and ample ji manner, iind with tile same al effect for jmrpo as the said executor or exe(-'Ut(irs niiuht litnc doiK U. S. <). is;i 1L'!», ;i. R. S. O. 1(S.S7, 11(1). iiii'ii niecll Uise hole Ithey rMHe oo Irsoii •e or kress Where there is in any will or codicil thereto of anv deceaseil Or when peis(m (wlicther such will h 1.. i;is lieen made, ni- siidi jicrsdii lias ( (lied no one hefore after the tirst dav of .laimary. ISTIi, ai i\- iwer to sell, will ti (I ill tlispose of, iippoint. nioituafje, iiiciimlier or lease any real e>tMle, oi- cxcc'i''' 1 • . powers II any estate or interest therein, whether such power is expii ss or ^.^jj. ,.^^. arises hy implication, and no |iers(ui is hy tli* lid will or sonn codicil thereto, or otherwise, hy the testator app'iiiileil to execute such iiowor and letters of administ ratinii with smli will iinnexed, have heen li.v n Court of ('(Tiiipeteiit jurisdiction in Ontario com- mitted t( iiiiy persiiii, and sudi jiersiui riven th additional securitj' hefore ment i(Uied, such person shall ainl may exercise every such power and sell, dispose of. appoint, luorttraKe. iiicumher, or lease such real estate, and aii.v estate or interest therein, in as full, Iar>;e, iind anijile ii manner, iuid with the same le^ral effect, as if such last named person had been appointed hy the testator to exe- .""), U. S. (). ISST, --''m f i« 4 s: 100 EXECUTOKS AND ADMINISTUATOHS. -'1 i liiiibility <^f an • xccutoi' vxicutiiif; coiivcy- ;inc<'.i. ('(ivcllilllt s ti» lie im|ili('(l. Imp. Aft, UA'} V. f. «1, < »ll CIlVCl) ants hy trustees, etc. Illlp Act. s. 7. A<.'ainst encuni- lir.inces. ("onvey- anc(s iiy . An Act icspcctiii}-- the J.i'w and TranslVr ol IMopcrty. IT. (1( In ii cunveynnce made on (ir after the lii'st day of .Inly. 1SS(!, tlierc sliiill, in llic sovcral cases in this sectinn mentionod. 1k> deemed to lio inclnded, and tliere sliall in tliose several cases lie implied, ciixeuaiils. to the eifect in this sei'lion slated, liy the person or hy each iicrsoii wiio conveys, as far as rejrards tlio snh- .iect-ni;ilter or share of snli.ieel malliT expressed' lo he conveyed hy liini. witli tile jierson. if one, td whom the cimveyaiK-e is inado. or with tlio persons jointly, if more than one. to whom the conveyance is made a« joint tenants, or with e.ich nf the iiei-sons, if more than one. to whom the conveyance is made as tenants in common, that is to sa\-: In a conveyance, ihe fellow ini; covenanl hy every p -rso i who conveys, and is exjiressed tf) convey, as trustee nr mort;;aj;ee. or .'IS jiersonal repr(^sentativ(> of a deceased' person, or as committee of a lunatic so found hy inquisiti(m or judicial decdaration, or under an order of the Court, which covenant shall he deemed to extend to ever.v such jierson's own acts oid.v, nanudy: That the jierson so conveyinjr has not executed, or doiu'. or kuowiniily suffered, oi- heeu party or lU'ivy to, any deed or thiui.'. wiiereliy, or liy ni(\uis whereof tlie snhject-malter of the corivoy- ance. or any jiart thereof, is or may be impeached, rharfred, affected, or incumbered in title, estate or otlierwise. or wher(d)y or by means whereof the pei'son who so conveys is in iiuywist* hindei-ed from conveying: the subject-matter of the conveyance, f)r any i)nrt thereol', in the manner in which it is exiiressed to be conveyed. t.1) AX'Iiere in a convi-yance, a person <'onveyiup is not expressed to coiivey as beneticial owner, or as settliU*. or as trustee, or as mort).'a.i:ee, oi- as )iersoual representative of a deceased pers m. or .•IS committee of a lunatic so founil b.v inquisition or judicial declara tion. or uiuler an order of tlie r'o\irt. or liy direction of a person as benelici.al ow iiei'. no cov(Miant on the jiart of the iierson conveyinir fliall bi' by virtue of this section implied in the conveyance. U. S. O. ]Si»T. c. 1H». s. 17 (:iartl: (s. 17 K. S. O. 1SS7. c. 1(10). I'lotection 200 Salos of land by ox(>fiitors. if mad(» in a roa*7. c. 121), s. 2 (s. 1, It. S. O. 1.S87, e. 110). These words are interpreted as follows (R. S. 0. l^dl, c 128, 8. 9): 1. ''Will" shall extend to a testament, and to a, codicil, and t^ an appointment by Will, or by writing in the nature of a Will in exorcise of a power and also to a disposition by Will and testament or devise of the custody and tuition of any child, by virtue of the Act passed in the twelfth year of the reij^n of Kinj^ Charles II., entitled " An Act for taking away the Court of Wards, and Liveries and Tenures in Capite, and by Knif^ht Service ami I'urveyance, and for settling,' a revenue upon His Majesty in lieu thereof," and to any other testamentary disposition ; •2. " Ileal estate " shall extend to .aessuajies, lands, rents and heredi- taments, whether freehold or of any other tenure, and whether corporeal, incorporeal or jjersonal, and to any undivided share thereof, and to any estate, rij^ht or interest (otlier than a cluittel interest) therein ; ;{, " Personal estate " shall exiond to leasehold estates and other chattels real, and also to moneys, shares of Government and other funds, securities for money (not beinj^ real estate), debts, clioses in action, rights, credits, floods, and all other proi)erty whatsoever which by law devolves upon the executor or administrator, and to any share ami interest therein. \W 1 4- I ■1 10: KXKCUTOIIS AND ADMINISTKATOKS. •J; CHAPTEK n. LAND AS ASSETS. II i;l ilciiiiniiic aTO. JJcsklcs tlic liiiltililv of (he executor or ain"K>u law the same remedy against the devisee of their Win. iimi debtor. To obviate this mischief, the Stat. :} Wm. ^: M., c. 14. 3iary, c. 14, was ])assed. Tliis statute fjave the specialty creditor a remedy aj;aiiist the devisee; but did not ex- tend to dama^'es for bre-ach of covenant or contracts under seal made bv the testator. How limiti'd. 272. It was further held ihat the statute applied (Uily where a e eir ^: Ity L'X- CtS l-iiiuls iUT iisst'ts for llu' s.Mtisfnctioii of (lcl)ts ii, the liiuids of ;ui executor, under 5 (Jco. II.. <•. 7; iuul to n pUvi of plcno iulministrav it, the iilaintiff may n'l'ly lands. (Itinliiitr V. (liiriliucr. - (). S. ."'JO. Lands niiy be sold on a .jnd.irnicnt against one of several cxecu tors, in the same manner as if it liad lic'ii against all. Dov d. Smith v. Slnitfi; ~> O. S. (!.").">. Senible, that lands may be sold under a judj^nicnt confessid by !\\\ exceutor. Hoc (1. l.iidii V. T.njv. I T. r. It. .".CO. ied ist- ■re- see id ;hl md dit- to I'ndcr ."i (ico. 11.. c 7. l.-inds a re assets m n tlie bands of ('Xi'<'Utor' for the paynn'ut of unli(piid itcd daman's in iin action of ccivcnant, not mt-reiy for debts. .S'/rA7(.s V. .1.s.s-<7.y//;(r', 10 T'. V. U •_'i i: fnd iKler C II. real estate m tl n- coiiinie IS lialile to satisfy a ,ind>:inent for daniiiacs in an ai'tion of eovenant. yuijnit V. ('(tmplicll. it III.. .'! I'. ('. \\ :oi. The liability of lands for d.^bts under ."> (Jeo. II.. e. 7, is not affected by the death of the debtor, lie or bis lieir or bis devisee nfter his death may sell or convey to a bona fide purchaser for value, at any time before jiidjrment 1ms been ent<'red ajrainst him or his personal representatives, or execution ajr-iinst lands issued ui>on it; and such purchaser will have i sood title as against creditors. Lrii.iritiitr v. Itiyrland, 17 T'. C. 1{. A'.\l. ■ I 104 ICXKCI'TOKS AND ADMINIS IKAToitS. 271. Section :{.". of i:. S. (). 1S!>7, c 77, 'IMir Kxcrii- tion Act, is as follows : Fiittrcst ill •"«■"' 'I'lic title Mini intiTcst of a tostntor. or intcstnto, in real es- '■'•'' ""^'iit-*' tati' may lie sci/cd iuiil soM niiilcr a jiiilKiiH'iit and t'Xi'ciitiun re- uliii' on ji^'*^'*'''^''' ''^' a crcciitor of tlif testator or liKcstiitc airainst his exrcntor iii(l|,'iii('iit Of ailniinistrator, in tlic siiinc manner ami under tlie same proeess • "'""lor lliat tlic saiiic conlil lie sold ninler a jiid^iiiient and fxcciition sitriiinst the deecMsed if living. K. S. (». lSi)7, c. 77. s. :!fi (II. S. O. 1SS7, e. 01. .s. LT.; e. 1 Id. s, II). Mxecutiiill crcditipis lint (U'edit Ill's of dcccilSfd. Money jiiiid on nil (•oin|ileti'it ilKreeliicnt to piir- fliiise. tJ7*>. Tlic liind nf ;i It'sliilor or intcstiilc is linblc 1o be sold oiilv for Ills «l('lt(. iiiid ^\ll('^(* it is slicwii llinl llic judjiiiicnl w.is not in fiicl icrovci-cd in rcspcft of such a d(l»l, bnl lli;ii tlic cxccntioii cfcdilors never were eredi- lors of I lie deieused, ;i siiie of IIk' liind niider il cannol lie snitiior(<'d. /•'/■(.(/ V. On: <■> A. U. f.IHi. Where money ha.s been paid liy a (estalor on an agreement (n\- llie inirclinse of liinds, wliieli the vendor has failed to complete, il niii.v lie recovered liiiik liy ilie execnlors, as money had and received to the nse of the lesliitor. Iiniis V. Kii/irn, ."i (). S. till."). jiul^'ineiit. I'lu heirs ti7<». Since l'7 \"Tr{. c. 1."), for the jtui'pose of an "l',','-f t^i,'."." execntion against lands, heirs are iirinni facie bonnd l»,v ,uf not ., judonicnf ayainsl the execntor or adniinistraioi- of li;ilile under th( ir ancestor, in the sanu' wa.v as next of kin are bonnd; and althonjili they are not entitled as of couise to liave the issne tried over afiain. it is o])en lo them to sliew, not (•nly fi*and and collnsion, bnf thai tin- jiidoincnl or dtM-ree, thonjih ]»ro]ier a.iiainst the execntor (M- adminis- trator, was in I'espect of a matter for which the heirs were not liable. l.diTll V. (lil..soii. V.) Chy. 2.S0. The opinion acted upon 1).\- .Mowat. V.C, in tin- last casi". that for tlie purpose of im execution a.uainst lands heirs are now prima facie liound by 1 jiid>;:ment against the executor, was followed hy Strong. V.C, with an intimation that, but for that case, he (.V.C Strong) would not have at rived at Ihi' sune conclusion. Willin V. Willis, I'J Chy. 573. LAND AS ASSKIS. io.-» '277- Hcsidcs lli<* iiilcrcsi wliicli llir cxcnilnr ur ''"""- "f :iai rsliil*' of I In- Icstjilor or iiilcstiilc, lie nii;:lil in some in '[j.^*,,' f,,,,,, sliinccs he seized ol' rejil mioimtI V of the deeeiised ; IS '.*''"''.' ' ' ■ _ tmn v \\iHi;inis ipiini- r»T.">' u:is, "Von must find onl the intention of tiie teslMtor li'oni the whoh' will tiiUeii together. ;ind if it npiieais on the whole eonslruelion thllt von eaiinot jiive etVeet tollie will nnless von jiive to the execntors a lej^iil estate, then von ninst hold that they have the |e<;al estate." '27S. A testator conld in>f altei- the le^^al cliai-nclci' of real proiieily 1»\- direeliny, eilliei- impliedly or exjn-esH ly, that it shonid I)<' considei-ed pai't cd' his jM-rsonal I'state; therefore, where lands wer<' devised to execntoi's to be sold f(»i' the payment of debts and lej^acies, the nioncy arising; from the sale was considered e(|nitable not lej;al assets, important consecinences arose I'l-oni Ihis distinetion. Kipiity, acting' on the maxim linit 1hin. \\'here real estate is contracted to be sold, the tt.nl.st.it.- vendor is rejiarded as a trnstee fo:- the jmi-cliasei- of the '|^',"'),'.''^,,i,'| estate sold, and the jtnrchaser as a trnslee of the pnr- chase money for the vendor; therefoic the death of the vendor or vi'iidee Ix'foie the cnnvi-yance or surrender, or even befoie the time aj;'r(M'd npon for coniidetinle, money covenanted to.M"ii.y be laid onl in land and descended to the lieii-. nor did itlMui'p'u' make anv ditference that the covenant was a volnntai-v '"''• '"^ '" • illKJ one. 1 1 \ [ it 106 'rt-stjitcr iiiivy |iri'- (•ll|l|t'(|ll('S- I iullS UN 1(1 iititiii'f (if I'Cill CMtlltC. liiililic of (■(111 .t'i>iiiii jiH (lirccttil KXKCUTOUS AND ADMINISTItAIOHS. 2Hl. AjiJiiii, ii Icsliilop ciin. l»y his will, cliim^t' llic iiiiltiiM' o\' his K'jil csIjiIc l(» all iiilcnls and piiiitoscs, ho as lo pr-.'cliKJc all (iiK'slicdis between his ical anose, wliieli fails, Ko lunch of llie estate as remains nndis' osed of results to the lieir. If, uu the other liaud, ther(; is a (-(Ui \'ersion of personal estate into real estate, and there is an ultiuuite ]iniitati(»n wiiich fails to take elTeiM, the in teresi: wiiich fails results for the benelit of tho iM'rs()us entitled to the ptTsonal estate. li^iJl. It freiiuently occurs that the deceased has devised his real estate for the payment of his debts, or of his debts and lej^acies. or has charged his real estate with their payment. Kxoncra- t£H4. >\'ith respect, to the exonei'ation of the real i("il fstitt(''''

  • l«' fi'om lejiacies. the "(.ncval I'ule is etpially clear as fi'diii IcgHcieK. Land devised fill piiyiiicnt of (lelitM. it is with res]»ect to debts that the jiersoual <'state is the I'ersonat estate iniiy lie given discliarged from debts and liabil- ities. first and naliiial fund for the j»aymeut of them, and the real <'state is only to l)e resoiMed to In aid of the ])ersonal. Therefore, even in cases where there is no doubt as to debts and lej^acies bwing elTeetually charji;ed by the tes- tator on the real estate; yet the i)ersonal estate remains undischarged fi'om its ]irimary liability to those claims. Accordingly, the direction of the testator to sell or mort- gage his real estate for the payment of his debts and legacies, is not alone evidence of the intent i'ni of the testator that the jtersonal estate should be exempted from those charges, and amounts only to a declaration that the real estate shall be so applied to the extent in which the personal estate, which by law is the primary fund, shall be insuflicient for those purposes. 2H5. Is'evertheless. it is clear that a testator may, if he jdeases. give the i»ersonal estate as against his heir or any other real representative discharged from tlie pay- ment of his debts and legacies, and in such cases the I,AN'I> AS ASSKTS. 107 rules of cxoiH-i'iit idii in t',iv(tiii' of I In- licit' or dcvij^cc fail of :i|i|ili('iitioii. 'I'lic |M-i'soniil fiiiul will Ix* t-xrniplt'd if the iiilmlioii of lln- Icslahtr in its favonr can be col Icclcd from a sonnd inlcipi-ctallon |>u( on the whole will. If there ajipcars from the whole testamentary ills position an intention on tiic jiart of the testator so ex pressed as to con\ ince a judicial mind that il was meant not merely to rharuc the I'eal esta'e, l»nt so to cliarj^e it as to exem|M the personal, 'i'lie rale of construction is such as aims at lindin;;'. luM that the rtal estate is chai'^cd, but that ihe personal estate is dischar};,('d. 2Hii. A pecuniaiy legacy Riven (^enoraliy without sptM'iticalion of a particular finid for its ]>ayment is ]U'im- arily char;;«'al:le epon tiie ])eis(tn,il estate. althou<;h in other parts of tUi\en (tnly out of a particular fund, there the lejiatee can have recourse only to tlu' particular fund. Cdlrilic V. Middhtdii. o ISiav. ."jTO. 3iS7. Where a testator j^ives a certain porlion of his pei-sonal estate, and ex])ressly directs that il shall be liable and a|ii)licable to tho payment of liis debts, it is an exoneration of the jicneral i)ersonal estate. Coniili'i/ V. i'ltvditiy, - I>r. iV Siii. 170. 2SS. ^Vhere a testator directs a saW of his i-eal estate, and the proceeds and the jtersonal estate ai-e thrown into one mass, which he subjects to the payment" of debts and lejiacies. the I'eal and the personal estate must conti'ibiMe in |>ropoi'tion to their relative anuumtH to the i>ayment of the debts and leji'acies. Mini V. tlutt, T.. It. 7 Cli. -t3J). I'ciiiniiiry It-Uiicy gt'tifrallv. ( '" rlaiii IKHtioIl cx- |.rcssly liiiM*-. t 'iiiiiii iif flltuls. 2S5». The testatrix, who died in ISIH. speciiicall v ''l''">''' '"' ■ l-iSKlUf. devised to her grandson a part of lu-r land, which was en- cumbered. To the plaintiffs she jiave a le<:acy of ,^,~»,l)()(). The remainder of her estate, eonsistinj'- of personalty and other lands, she did not dispose of or in any way r<'fer lO.S (.'harp' liy iiiiplicii- tioii iif l»>K!li'.V nil I'calrstati'. KXKCLTOU.S AND ADMINISI ATolts. In ill licr will, except in the r my (jejilli," Held, Hull llie residue of l hr esliile Wils cliiil'^jjed with the iii(>il^ii<;c delilH to the exclusion of llie land s|»ecificiilly deN'ised. Siicli residue was to lie Heated as one fund and as if it were all |>ers«Mialt y, under section 4 of llie Devolii- lion (»f Kstates Act. It. S. (). c. IDS; and out of it: tlie delds, incliidin;;' the inorl;;a};<' delils iiiion tiie lainl specilically devised, wefe lii'st to be |»:'id, and llieii the lej;acy; the halaiice, if any, to j^o 1o the lieiisal law ami next of kin. Snill V. Sniiiili, S', (). It. '^'M. tSIIO. W here there is no specilic devise of real estaie and a iiecuniary lej^acy is }>iven without any words makinji' it an express cliar;;!' upon the real estate, and llie will contains a siihseciueiit };ifl of the residue of llie realty, there is by implic.ilion a charj^e id" the legacy on 111" real i-slate. ('(iininiii V. Ildiinr, HI S. *'. K. ill \t. 27S. Kx( <'iiliir's piiwcv to sell liiiid not (li'\ isoil, liirt'flioii to ii,i,v (lcl)ls. >r-.s/ V. Aildnis, ,S O. It. 111. tJIH. A leslatoi' by his will directed his executors lo pay his debts, funeral expenses and legacies (licrein- aftei- <;iven out of his estate, and proceeded: " .My ex- ecutors are hereby ordered to sell all my real estate, after the paymenl of all my just debts and fmieial ex jienses, and all my property and personal eU'ects, niomy or chattels, are to be equally divided between my chil dren and their lieii's, that is, the lieii's of my son (J. and daujihter Iv. now deceased, and my son .J., ^Mary and llannali, or their heirs. Should any of my said heirs not be of a^e at my (b'atli, my c^xecutoi's are to place their legacies in s(une of the banks of Ontario until the said heirs are of aj^e." Held, (1 ) That there was no intestacy either of the real or iR'rsonal estate. It is to be presumed ^ I.ANh AS ASSKIS. 10!) tliiil the trsliitor i'i>|i<'!'t,\ iis itiil rsiiiic. iis he |»<'r(Mn|t((»fil V diictlrd a s:il<', in.'ilviii}; iiM iutiiiil ((uivfisiMn nl' it into nionry, thn< hU>iidiii)X llio rciil iind piTsoiiii! |)ro|M'i'tv into ji ttnnnion fund, :ind llicn li<'<|n<-:ithcd it nil to the lc<::it<'cs. I'Jl 'riiiit the |i<'r's(»ns cntitlfd to shiiic iindci" the will looli |i)'r ciipitii iind not |ifi- slirprs iijion the sMnio piintiiilc :is in III*' cjisc of l/'/r// V. .\('iniiiiii, \i\ \U'i\\. li'.l. {'.',) 'V\\i\\ the <;r;ind(liild of (1. wns not ciititlrd l(» :i shiiio. the thildfcn (»!' (1. tnlvin^- in tlicif own ri;;hl :nid not in ;i rt'pi'cscntiitivc riipMcil v. Wiiiiil V. \riii')iir. 11.' (I. It. 1 |ti. !iOtS. Whnc thi'ic is no iihsolntc direction to sell, l>i^(i'ii"ii lint pwoi'Kirrv i>i;\ oia iNis;n\ In ('oiisidri' llir \;iii(»iis kinds (»!' iiro|H'ily wititli ni;iv »l('\(ilvt' ii|n»ii :iii o txciiitoi- (»r ;i(liiiinistiiil()r. ol hciu isc fiillcd "iisscls." — 1>|. I>v Msscls. ill tli( li Minis of nil cxrciiiov (»!' n'P>|i;irtv ill (list riluitiuii, as Ini- ns siicli |(ro|it'rtv cxlt'inls. ll!!.'*. Tin' liciicrnl 1 iiii' ns to w lint slinii lie s.iid lo In- assets in the hands of an oxcciilor or adiniiiisi raloi- lo cliaruc him. is ,iins hiiti down: All lllosc ;:(iiiils ;lllil ill.Ml IcN. ;irliiui> ;nii! riiMUllMilil ic^, wlliill WiTi- O of tlii> (Ic'ccMscd ill riuhl n\' inlidii nr iin'^si'^.^'hui i^ iiis nwn, :iiicl si> roiil illllcd III 111' 111 llir lilllr r.j Ilis ili'illll. .•lllil W lliiji nriil' lli-< i|i':llh llii- cNi'iiiliir (ir ;iiliiiinisi rainr ilnili pel iiUn liis li;iiuls ;iv iliilv lu'ldiiizuii:' III liliii ill ilii' riulil <<( liis I'MTiilnr^liip nr ailiiiinisi r;iliii'-!ii|i. Mini all siirli liiiiiLis as ildvoiin- in ilii- cNi'iiiinr or ailiiiiiiisi rainr in Ih'U (ir li.\ I'lMsoii 1)1 tliiil. and imi liin:;' risi'. --Iiail lu' ((insidiTcd In I'c assets 111 llu' hands ni' ilio cxi'miiir nr adiiiinrsl rainr In inalvi' liim rlinr.Lii'aliU' in a i'ri'iiii..r nr IcLiaU't'. O Kuiutiniis !i!M». \Vv have seen iraramauli iMT) that in Ontario nf CM'i'iitnl' madiiiiiiis. licforo the i)ovolnlinn of Kslatos Atl. only personal \iVo- ii'i'isi'in'' !'*'''• \\«'ii< to tlio t'xccnlor or adiiiiuistrator. As sine*' "'">• lluit .'.(I all pro|ifrl\ real and in'isonal devolves njion llu* (HMsonal repi'esen(ati\e,* ii is nt'tessary to explain the , * Snli-scc. ((I of scctinii 1 of llio 1 >ovnliitiiiii of I'stalos Ait iiro- vides MS follinvs: - Adiiiinis '^' Wlioro anv iiorsnii apiilii's to lio apiinintnd an admiiiistra tor. 'ratnr tn ioiil the aiiministrat Ion applii'd Inr is a irmieral adininistriilioii, tlm K^f !iiii>lii;itinii, and tlio alliilavlt in support tlieroof, sliall show ttio jiar- MOiirity tn tjciiiars of tlio real cstato of tlio doin'ascd, and llio value or prolialdo ciivcr real value thereof: anil tlie anionnt of tlio seeiirity to lie Lriveii, sliall liavo «'stat". refereiiep to such value as well as to the value of the other estate of the deceased. U. S. O.. 1SS7. e. 10S, s. 4 I'KKSDNAI- I'Uol'KlllV l»i:\(»l.\ I N(i ON. fimclioiis of ,1 prisoiiMl r<'|»r('H('nliUiv<' willi rrspccl Id :ill Kinds of projicrly. Tlirsc fiiiKliniis !is lo prrsoii;iltv will !)(• coiisidfrcd, I. Ak to riiiiMd.s INTsoiial; "J. Cliiil Iris I'ciil; 15. (Mioses in Aclioii. Tlioir diilios as to ciiu lioiiinj; real properly have heeii slated in the last chap ter. Tlieii- ot liei" dnt i<'s with re;^ard l(» real pro|»eity will also appear. Ii1>7. Cliatlels personal are proiierlv and sirici ly <'li '•' i„...... I 1 , . .n;.l, spealiinjj; tliiii<;H inovaljlc, which nuiy \ir annexed to oiMiiiimi. allendani on (he jm'I'sou of llie owner, and eai'ried alMnil with him fr<»ni one pa:'! of the world to another. Such as animals, household stnlV. money, jewels, coimi, ^'ar menis and everythinj^ that can lie |»roperly |Mif in nndion and transferred fron\ ]da<'e to place. All iliese and otliei- iliinus of the same nature ^.^enerally speakiii};' helon;ame preserve, kills so many of the deer, lish, j,'ame or doves, that thei-e is not sulllc.ient left for the stores, it is waste and will be etiually waste in his executor or administrator. Old autliorilics. Wins. \). (lilt. I$04. Personal efTects of a vejietable nature are the fruit or other jiarts of a plant or tree, when severed from the body of it, or the whole ]>lant or tree itself when severed from the ji'round. IJut unh^ss they hav(» been severed, tr(>es and the fruit and produce of them from tlieir intimate connection with tlu^ soil, follow the nature of their ])rincii)al. and, therefore, when the owner of the land died, they desc(Mided to his heir and did not pass to the executoi' or administrator. Hence ])eai's. ajiples and other fruits in han;round where- on tluM' irrow. HOa. 8ome cases exist where even fjrowiiifr timlier <>nrviii:- tre(s are, owint; to special circumstances, considei'ed as fliilltcl-. ii 'els, and such as will pass to the executoi- or ad- iiiinisiiator. Thus if a tcMiant in fee sim]>le jri'ants away the trees they are absolutely passed from the fjrantor and his lieirs and vested iirthe {grantee; and if the latter should die before they are felled, they ^o to his executor K.K.A. H II r: ; {J5 ■ , m K .,;,"8i • ' • ;i 1 t -(: 1 ii :|i ™ HI' -'U »; if: 114 •; t Kuililc ini'iits. iudu.itri- aim. Kxtcnt of ilnctrine cmble- luents. EXKCUTOU.S AND ADMINISTIIATOKS. or ridininislnUor. For in consideration of law they aro divided as clialtcls from the freehold. So where a tenant in fee simple sells the land and reserves the trees from the sale, the trees are in x)i'operty divided from the land, althoii<>h in fact ihey remain annexed to it, and will pass to the execntor or administrator of the vendor. Jiut if the ])erson so entilled to the trees distinct from Ihe land, afterwards i)iirchases the inheritance, the trees will he r( united to the freehold in i)roi)erty, as they are de facto. f)l(l niilliorilioH, Williiuiis, p. (i'JO. ♦too. Therc^ are certain vejjetabh^ products of the earth wliich. although they are annexed to and f?rowinf>" u])on the land at the time of the occupier's death, yet as between the executor or administrator of the tenant for life, and the remainder man, or reversioner are considereil by the law as chattels and will pass as such. They are usually called embhMnents. Soe C'ikIiici/ v. Cnitiii'ii. '21 Cliy. ]').{, I50T. The vefi'etabh^ chattels so named arc^ the corn and other jirowth of the earth, which are ])roduced an- nually, not spontaneously, and thence are called fructus industriales. \\'hen the occu])ier of the land, whether he be the owner of the inheritance of an estat(» determin- in,tr with his own lif(\ has sown or ])lanted the soil with Ihe intention of raisin^' a cro]) of such a nature, and dies befoi'e harvest time, Ihe law pivc^s to his (^xecutors or administrators the profits of the crop or emblements to compensate for the labour and ex])ense of tilling:, manui' inf? and sowing the land. The rule is established as well for the encourafjement of husbandry and the public bene- fit, as on the consid(M'ation in the case of a tenant foi- life, that the estate is deternrined by act of dod. Lnirfnn v. Lnntou, 3 Atk. l(i ; Camnronw Gilmoii, 17 O. IL SOS. The doctrine of emblements extends not only to corn and jjjrain of all kinds, but to everythinf; of an artificial and annual profit that is produced by labour and manurinfj. Totatoes come under ihis headinj;. But the rule does not apply to fruit growinj? on trees, nor to PEUSONAL IMtDl'KUTV l)KV()l.\l N(; ON. iho planting? of trees. Therefore if a man sow the hind with acorns or i)lant yoiuifj fruit trees, or oak. elm, ash OJ' othei' trees, tliese cannot be comprehended nn li. & A. 105. !$01>. Tlie case of trees, shrubs and other produce (;ar1!S. I nccitaiii • state. Ihc devise was iiiiule liefore sowiii}?, and llie devisor afterwards sowed, and died l»efore severance, tlu' devisee formerly had tlieni and not llie executor. Now. under the Devolution of Estates Act, the^' ^^o to tin* executor. Sco Fisher v. TriieiiKHi, 10 IT. O. K. (!17 (former law). !SI I. 'I'lic rule is j^'eneral that everyone who has an uncertain eslal( or interest, if his estate determines by the act of (Jod, before severance of the crop, shall have the emblements, or they shall j^o to his executor or ad ministraloi'. Therefore, the administrator or execiitoi- of the tenant f( r life is entitled to emblements to the exclusion *m I' iniiinderman or revei'sioner, because in this case \'. of the tenant is detei'inined by the act of fJod. i<() a ti'iiant for years, if he shall live so many years, s ws and dies before severance, his executor shall have the k • fo. .-e uncertainty of the deter inination of his estate. Old .'UitlioritU's, Wins. p. OL'S. :! h It \Till? •*■•'*• '^ tenancy at will is determin(Hl by the death of the lessee, and his executor or administrator will be (>ntitled to emblements. Co. I/it. .^)."'), 1). Rij?litt() :$H». When there is a right to emblements, the law take em- hieiiunts. j»ives a free entry, ejjress and ri^gress, as much as is necessary in order to cut and carry them away. IldjiUnii V. Olcri/. 8 E.\cli. 5:^1, .^45. (iiattiis, JUT'. As to chatt(>ls personal inanimate, all of these personal ' iiianiiiiaie, ]iass to the cxecutor or .administrator, and althouj?h any i>er.son!ii one of them should be specifically bequeathed to a lega- r-presen- j^>(^^ j|- ^yj]j j^(,^ y^^g^ jj^ j,j,j^ uutil the exocutor has as- tative. sented. Three eases where riyrlit (if personal represen- tative Itivrrt'd. aiH. There are three instances in whicli the rijjht of the executor or administrator to the chattels personal inanimate of the deceased is barred to some extent in favour of certain special claimants. 1. Fleirlooms and thiiifis in the nature thereof in respect of the heir or rKKSONAI, I'Uol'Ein'V 1)EV()LV1N(J ON. 117 ; Huccossor. 2. Fixtures in ivspcct of tlio licir or dovlsee or in rcspcci of llic rciiiaindcnniin or rcvcrsioiu'r. ',]. rarJiphcrnjiliii find ilio like in rcspt'ct of tlie widow. JJI!>. As to licirloonis, tlu'i'c bcinj; no s])t ciiil cus- tom in Onliirio, tlio law as it stands in Kn<:;land with r.>jj;ard tlu-rcUt seems ina]»i)li(al>le in this I'l-ovince. I'ix- tures in Ontario, wlien i)ersonal, descends to the jtersonal repi-esentative. Wlien real, tliey devolve upon liim under the Devolution of Kstates Act. They need not tliereforo 1)0 considered in these panics further than to jioint oiit their j^cneral charactei'istics. When personal inanimate chatt<'ls are allixed to the freehold they are usually de- nominated fixtures. lIcllliHiin'^ tixtiirt'^. ,1 ! I •tSO. In order to constitute such an annexation to Ann.xa- a freehold as will brinj? a chatted within the jjeneral rule tixt,,',!,,^. that whatever is allixed to the realty is thereby made parcel of it, and partalces of all its incidents and proper- ties; it is necessary that the ailicle should be let into it, or united to the land or to substances previously con- nected therewith. It is not enough that it should be laid u])on the land and broup;ht into contact with it. Wild,: V. Wallers, U) C. H. (i;i7; Arijlft: v. McMatli, 'iti O. U. •2-2i. ;i2l. If a chattel be allixed to a building merely niatt.i for the more complete enjoyment and us«' of it as a chat- i„iii,ii„^^ tel, it still remains a chattel, notwithstanding it is an- nexed to the freehold. Sco (.'ases cited, >\'ins. \). (il2. ! <<;atiicr<-(l willionl ^mIIut in^ pail of llic soil willi il, then if is parcrl of (he frc(' hold. Ijoiigfiinl V. Mdhuiui, I Dr. iV: Wiiir. SI, 107. !{ti!t. rjiallcls leal, wiiii li arc siicli as iimcrrn or savor of (lie rrallv or in odicr words, i>siir oiii of or an- annexed l(» real cstale, forincrlv weni lo (lie cMMiHor or adniinislralor and not lo llio lirir. II Ix-canK- ncccHsarv. tlM'rcforc. for an cxccnlor or adniinislralor lo know wliai inlorcsis in l:ind .should he comprised under Ihe term of " c'liallcls real.'' Now under the ])cv(dnlion cd" lOstales they devolve on Iho jjcrsoual represent alive. !fi!2l. All leases and terms of lands, tenements an. The {jjeneral rule for distiiifiiiishiiiji' these two kinds is that all interests f(»r a shorter jx'ricxl than a life; or, nioi'e i)r()pcrly speakiiijr, for a detinite space of time nieasur(>d by years, months or days, are deemed chattel interests; in otJiei' wor'ds, testanientai-y, and of the na ture for the purpo.ses of succ'es.slou of other chattels or personal property. ! llie exeeiitor oi- adniinisi r;i- loi* of the niorl^jijice hy I'ciison of Ihe I'ule of e<|uily liiar ;h( siitisfjH'tion shall accrue to Ihe fund which sustained Ihe loss. Tdbur V. 'I'lilmr, '•> Swaiist. (i;!(!. ;i2«. i;. S. (). 1S!>7, c. iL'l.ss. 11 lo II. are as follows: 11. Where il iieisnii eiililled tu .'uiv Ireelidid land liy wiiy of Kxicutdi niorti:.M;^e liiis de|i!ii'ted Iliis life, ;iiid liis exceiitMr or iLdiiiiidslralnr "f niorli,': li.'is lieeiiiiie eiilitleil to (lie iiiniiey si'ilU'ed hy Ihe limrljiiiKe, i>r liiis nsseiiled tn !l hecniest lllel-eiif, of hiis llssiiTlied the lllurl^'iliri- ilelit, suih exeeiilor or iidiiiinistialor, if the- inoi'ifiiiu'e iiiniiey Wiis pjiid to the testMtuf or iiitesliite in his lU'etirne, or on iiavnnnt of the lirini'lpal money and interest dne on the niorl^.'a;.'e, or on ri'ceipl of assiKn, estat.' tjee may ll-isif^ll, etc the eonsideralioii money {t>v Ihe assiirnmeiil, niiiy convey, I'eiease. or discliai'^e the morlu'M.ue deht and the inort>;ai;ee in the land; and sneli cxeeiitor or administrator shall have the same l>o\\t'r as to any portion (if tlie lands oi> p.aymeiil of some [lart f)f the inortu'ajie deiit, or on any arran^reinent for- exontTatin^ the estate or any |iart (i( the iiioriLraLTe lands, withont paymeiit of money; and' sneli conveyance, assiunnient. i(lea>e or discharjie shall he (IS effectual as if the same had heon niiide hy the person having the mortj,'a;:ee >late. K. S. (). 1SS7 nil: i: 110, s. 1(5. TJ. 1' very certilicate of jiayment oi- discharjre of a niort;,Mi,'e, or (Vrtificiitc f>f the condit ions therein, ( ii" of the Ii tr of any iiiirt of lhe"f l"iy- same, or «( Jiny |iart of the money, hy the mort^'iiiroc ment, etc. his heirs, executors, jidmiiUstrat( e. or his assi-noe, (,, |„. ^..,]i,| >r assigns, or iiny one of tluMn, '^^ whiit- at whiitsoever lime jrivi'ii, d whether hefore or iifter. the timi ever time Kiven. limited hy the mortf:ime for payment or iierformaiieo, sluill, If in con- |{ev.,Stiit. formity with the Rejristry Act, he viilid to iill intents and purposes whatsoever. 11. S. O. 1SS7, c. 102. s. 13: s. 17. e. 110. vm;. 120 EXECQTOHS AND ADMINISTUATOllS. Klfcit of lit. (1) W'licrc. ill a mi>rlKiij,'i' kv an (ililiKJitinii fui- ipjiyiiiciit of iuUiiiirccpii |,|,,|„,.._ ,^|. ,, tniiisl'cr uf iiKirtKiiKc ui- ol' sucli oMiKatioii, llir sum, Jcilllt iicc'iiuiii. Ol* iiii.v liai't cf tlu' SUP!, adviiiici'cl or owiiiK !>< cxprcHSfcl to lie ad- '"'!'• •)*'t'i vanccd liv or owiiiK tn iiiciic pcisuus than one oi't uf iiioiu'v, or as ■I l-l.i \ . c. , , , II „ (;| iiioMcy ln-lniiKiiiK ti> Hh'Iii (HI II joint, acroiiiit, or wlici-o ii iiiortuaKf: or siicli nil olilitratioii, or siicli a trinisrcr, is aiailc to more persons tliiiii one, jointly ami not in shares, tlie niort;,'!i;,'e money, or otliei' money ol' money's woilii, I'or tlie time ln'iii;: ilue to those iiersolis on the niort;.'iiire or oliliL'iit ion, shall In' ;ii- tion or transfer, and to the provisions therein contained. (.'{) This section applies only to ;< nioi't;;aLV." or olili),'ation, or transfer after tli(> 1st day of July, ISStJ. U. S. O. 1SS7, v. W2, s. 14. Keceints •'"^' '''"^ liona lide payment o'' any nion(\v to. and tho receiiit .if trustees thereof by any i)erson to whom ...i same? Is payahle npon any e.\- UiortuH- press or implied trust, or (or aiiv limited nnriiose, and such nay- t,'ees,etc.or survivor to nieiit to and receipt by the siii'vivor or survivors of two or more lieetfc(!tii;il moi'tKaKees or liold(>rs, or tlio executors or administrators of such (liscliiir''cs . , , . . ,,,,.. ,, ,. , sui'vivor, or tlioir or Ins assij^ns, shall (>llcctually diseharf^e the jier- son paying the same fi-oni seeiiij,' to the aiiidication, or beiii;: answer- abii for the misapplication thereof, unless the contrar.v is expressly declared by tlie instrument creating the security. 11. S. O. 1S87, c. 102, s. 15. a»0. Sec. 7,^ of the Kcjiistiy Ad (K. S. O. 1S07. v. 130), is as follows : i,,_.- IS.— (1) Where the person entitled to receive the niort;;aKe tioiiof money and to discliarj;(' any re^ristered inortj;a^'e is not the inortsaj^ee, (lischiirt^e j,g shall, at his own expense, cause to be re>:istered, prior to the given by . , . . ,. , , . person refiistration ol the certilicate ol discharfre, the instruments or other than doeuineiits through which ho claims interest in and' title to the inortgaKce mortfijatre moneys, and until such instruments or documents are registered tho re^ristrar shall not n-gister such certilicate or dis- charge. Out. Acts, ISSJa, c. '22, s. 4. I'KUSONAL I'ltul'Kltl V DKVnLVI N |I.',^',.'''|',.'' (filiiit; siili-scciioii. mill tin- will is uvfi' si-vcii lulids in Ifh^'tli, in- jctti i> ,,t' cliiillii;,' iirdliiitf or I. Hits, ami tlif will ilui^s iint alffrl liuiii's In the •'"'"'."""■ ' , . tlUtlnll. IJfKistr.v iMvisiun, I'Xcrpt in sn far i\>i llii' U'stalor was a niort- naKf-'L' <'!■ assi^Mi'c of a ninit>j;aKe, it shall ni>i In- iiiTt-ssary tu n- ;;ist('r the will at lull iiii;:lh; Init fur Iho iiiirposcs of tin.' saiil snli- sfitiun it shall he snlhricnl to rt'Kister so niinh nl' the iimliati' nr letters III' ailininlslration, with the will aiiiiexeil, as iy the ileimslt In tht; Ke,i:istry ( Mliee uf a enpy i>( su n;;. 'h uf tlie iiruliale i>r lettors as sliow tlie jj;i-ant therenf, anil the aiiiMiinlment uf eseiiitnis or ailmlnistrators. with an alliiiavit \eril'yiiiK such eopy, ami an alliila- vit. liy the executor or ailminist latur, or liy one of tliem, if there is nnu'e tliaii one, oi' hy liis or their soliiitor, to the effeit thai ihere is nothing' in the will liniitinK the I'l^ht of the exeeutor or the administrator to reicive the inortKajie money ami iliseharKe tiie mortKaKc ami that the will iloes not alTeet lamls In the re^'istry division 111 wliicli tile pidhate or letters is to lie reicistered, except in So far as the testator was the liolili^r of a niortj^aKe or niorlK;i!,'es eoinprising land in sticli registry division. Out. Acts, ISiHi, e. '2\), H. 4. Mrr^'l r nf ImikI woiiM iioI ; in llicsc iind siiiiiliii* cmscs ('(|iiity will ((Misidri' llic rliiii-^'c jis subsislin};, notwilli- slHiMliu;;' llion^li il niiiy linvc been nuTfii'd at law. niimn V. sidlon, l'.> Ucnv. r>r>(5. iarliinlai' snin be raised out of llic rents oi" i»i'olits, the cxecntors lake only a clialtcl inlci'i'sl lluM'cby; that is, an estate lor so many years as are ncces sary to raise the snm reiinired, and this Interest deter mines when the rents or prolits wonid have raist'd the snm, althon.i;'h the executor may have misapplied them. Now by the Wills Act any I'eal estate, where devised 1(» an executor or trustee, shall jkiss the lee siniide, or other the whole estule ol" the ti'statoi", unh'ss a delinile tei'm of years (m- an estate of fi-eehold shall thereby be };iven to him exju'essly or by imputation. 1{. S. U., JNtT, 0. I'JS, s. 35. JiJI I. An executor oi' administrator nuiy become on- titled lo chattels I'eal by condition. As whei-e a lease toi' years has been jii-anted by the testator upon coiidi tion that if the jii'anlee did not pay such a sum ack to the executor. Likewise a chat- tel real may accrue to the executor or administrator by remainder. Thus a I'emaindei' in a. term of yeai's, though it never vested in the testator in possession, and though it continui' a renuiinder, shall go to his executor. Old cUillioritii's, AN'iiis. ii. (ill. :ii{5. Contingent and executory estates and possibili- ties in chattels i-eal accompanied by an interest are trans- missible to the ])ersonal representative of a person dying before tlie contingency ui)on which they depend talies effect. Thus where a. lease for years is bequeathed to I'KKSONAI- I'liiil'KUr^' Itl.S <>l,\INro|»erly in ehiitlrls |)ersoiial niii,. .slso b • in iictloii, thiil is wliei'e M niiin liiis not I he oeciipiilion I'lit merely Ihe ri^'hl to occupy Ihe lliinj;' in (iiiestion, the possession whereof niiiy lie recoNcred by a suit or action, from whence Ihe lliiii;;- so recoverable is called a Iliiii';' or chose in action. !{!i7. ^Vilh respect to sncli jiersonal aclions as are I'usnn.il founded on any oblif^at ion, conlracl. r 'f,„i,„'i,.,i,,„ other dniv. the i:enei'al rule is established inal Ihe rij,'hl '■;";';"■'"'/' of action on which the teslalor or intes(ate nii<;h( have siu'd in his lifetime survives his death, ami is iransmitlc.'d (o his executor, and by '.\\ Mdw. JH. s. 1, c. II, to his adminislralor. Therefore an executor or administrator Hhall have actions to recover lion due to Ihe deceased, either debts of record, or debts duo oU' special contracts or under seal, or on simple contracts. Wins. 1). (;;)"». JlJl.H. The executor oi* adniinislralcu' is Ihe only re Kx.ditoi presen(a(ive of (he deceased (hat (he law will refjai'd t,.atoi'si.i.. with resTiect of his personalties, ami no word intro '''■''"■"'", duced into a contract or obli«xati<»n can transfer to an- i"'-^""- oihei' his exclusiv(; i'if;ii(s derived from such repi'esen- ' (ation. !{!{!l. The represenladon of the deceased in matters lv\iht have had whatever the form of act ion mijfht be. Formerly aetions founded on wron^is to the freehold did not survive, and, thei'efore, the executor could m)t maintain (juare clausum fre (The Trustee Ac-t). As to what actions survive, soo lIolnicstiMl iV r.iington fJml o(i.), 1). r)77. Actions liy 10. 'I'lic executors or iidiniuislrators of any deceased person may executors niniiitaiu an aeti(ju for all torts or injuries to the person, or to tlio and aduiinis- yt'tu or personal estate of the deceased, except In oases of liliel and trators for slander, iu the same manner and with thi> same? rij^hts and reme- dies as tile deceased would, If living, have been entitle7, c. 120, s. 10 (s. <), U. S. O. ISST, c. 110). Agiiinst executors and adiiiinis- n. In case any deceased person committed a wrong to auotlior, iu respect of his person, or of his real or iieisonal pro|iei'ty, the per- sfin so wronged may maintain an action against the execjutors or ad- tritors for uiinistrators of the iierson who committed the wrong. The action sliall be brought at latest within one year after the decease. This section shall not a|)ply to libel or slander. K. S. <). 1S07, c. l'J!>, s. II rs. 10, It. S. (). ISST, c. 110). IJainagcs 12. In estimating the damages in any action under either of the 111 actions next preceding two sections, the bem>fit, gain, prolit or advantage, under two , , , . - .... , ... , preceding which, in conseciuence of, or resulting froai the wrong conimitteil, may sections, have accrued to the estate of the person who committed the wrong, shall be taken int(] consideration, and shall form part, or may consti- tute tlu> whole of the damages to be recovered, and whether or not any property, or the proceeds or value of property belonging to the perst)!! bringing the action, or to his estate, has, or liavi' been appro- priated by or added to the estate, or moneys of the person who committed the wrong. U. S. O. 1897, c. I'Jt). s. 12 (s. 11, R. S. O. 1SS7, c. 110). I'KIISONAI. niOl'KKTV DKVOLVIN'CJ ON'. 125 341. An luliou of injury lo ihc pcrsdn now snrvivcs ■^i''i""> f""" to the executor of the i)liiintilT. who cnn in case of his injury death pcndcnle lite, on cntcrinj;' a suiijicstion of the ''"'^'^'"'■ death and obtaininn and recover dania^'cs in respect tliereut", in such case the person who wiudd have iieen lial)le if death liad' not ensued, shall he lialde to an action for damages, notwithstanding: the death of the person injui'ed. and altliouLch the death has lioen caused under s\ich <'ircuinstances as amount in law to felony. Iv. S. O., 1887, c. 135, s. 2. 3. Every s\ich ai'tion shall lie for the lienelit of t!ie wife, hus- haiul, parent and child, of the person \Uiose death has lieen so caused, and shall he liron^ht hy and In the name of the executor or a, s. .*?. 8. If, and so often as it shall haiipen at any time oi- times \\| licrcafter. in any fif the oases intended and provided for by this Act, tliat there shall be no executor or administrator of the [lerscin so de- ( eased, or that there beinj: such executor or ailministrator. no surh ac- tion as in this Act mentioned, shall, within six months after the death of such deceased person, have luM'n broujrht by and in the name of his or her executor or administrator, then and in every such <'ase, such action may be l)i'oUf,'lit liy and in tin' name or names of all or any of the persons (if more than one^ for whose benelit such action would have been, if it had been brought by and in the nann> of such executor or administrator: ami every action so to be brought shall be for the benefit of the same jierson or persons, and shall b(> subject (o the same regulations and i)rocedure. as nearly as may be, as if it were brought by and in tin' name of such executor or administrator. n. S. O. 1887, c. 135, s. 7. Action gi\cn to rcc;e benefit anil in \\ hose name such action shall be brought. W'hcri' iiM action brougiit within II niontlis liy executors of person killed tiien action may l)e lirought by per- sonal represent- ative instead. . »;r VM) KXKCl'ToltS AND AI>M IM.STKAI" tUS. aiii!iK'■ volution of Estates Act the prnpcr plaintilV. 'I'lio rnriiH'i' l.'iw was settled by h iiif/ilniii v. \aiil< stoek, Kxecutol's uiul triisttes not persoiiallv liabl. . tin. Am aiinnilv is a yearly |»aynienl of a cei'hiiii sum of iiioiiey jiranled to anotlier in U'v for life or for years, charj;iiiloy<'d in llie liianl il was ludd llial IIh' aiimiily would jiass to the executors. The wording' of seel ion ."'. of the l)e\-olulion o!" Estates .\ct is r,uniciently wide lo iiivlmle aiiniiilics which are ])ersoaal. in as nim-h as lliey are included in Ihe term '' j)ersonal property." .\ n^al annuity may perhaps be considered a cliattel real. The latter point is nol tpiite so certain, and there may be some doubt as to whether real annuities do dt >ceml lo Ihe executor. They may slill lie held to be Hm' prepeily of the heir. JII5. A* ;,» sletk in an incorporated bank, the Domiiiion RaMkinj; Ad (Hom. A iiersoii Ii.iMiiij; stock in tlio l>.anl< ns oxoentor. ndminls- tfiitor. v'li.inliMii or tnisteo. of or for Miiy person, iinined in tlio hooks of tlie li.Tiik ns lipiiitr so ropn^seni^d liy liiin, slinll ho p(>rson(illy siili- joet to any linblHty as a sliiiroliolder; lint tlie ostnte and funds In Ills hands sliiill ho lialtlo in liko Tnannor and tn tlio same pxtent ns the testator, intostatp. ward or person Interostod In siu'h trust fmni would 1)0. if living and conipotont to hold the stock in his own I'KHSONAI, l'l{()l'i:UIY l)i;V(>LVIN(i ON, l'i7 name; Jiiid If tlii' triisl is fur ;i living persdii, siirli pcisoii hIiiiII also i.^ccuti liiiiisi'ir 111' UmIpIi' as a sliarclidlilt'i-; liiil if sii
  • iiaiiircl In the liooks cif llio lianlv, tlic cxcciiliir, ailniinisi ral(ir, ^'iianlian or tnislcc shall |jr pi'i*- Konally lialilf In respect of sueli sloek as il' lie hml liehl it in Ills own name as owner lliereiif. J$l<5. \\Auk stuck is pcrsoiiiii ]ii'(i|m'1-I y. TIicit is ti»t i;^ IMI'C^ III jiiinl tliiiisc ill (lie Dniiiiiiioii llaiikiii;; Ad (Doin, .\(|s, !S'M), <•..!.(!< .'!!) so providing:; luii ii liiis Imtii dccliUH'd tliiit such stock """''"'^ is pcrsoiiiil proitcily,* Sliiiics in joint stock coiiipiinicH iiic (Icdiircd to Im pcisoiial csliito l».v scclioii U7 of tlic Out uio Conipiinics Act. (1{. S. (). 1S!)7. c. 101.) J$ IT, I'.v llir dentil of llic iiiiistcr liis sci'vnnt is <|isM.t->teis iUI'l cluii-.^cd, iiiid llinc I'oit Mitlici I lie executors nor iidini'iis- s,.i\aiiis. tuitois (d' llie lorniei' ciin hrin;^ iin iiclion to cnfoice llie c» ntriicl of service jil'ler liis de.tlli. \or li;is tlio executor or iidniiiiist r;il(»r, ^•enernlly speiikiiij^'. anv interest in nn apprenlice hound to llie deceiiscd. iilH. I'.v seclion 10 K. S. ( ). ls:»7. <•. i<;i (an Act Appe,, i-esi»eclinii' Ajipreiitices and Miiiorsi. it the master of lii<' ai»prentice . Ciider the .\cts respectinu- i'aleiils of Tiiveii ''"!'>' tioii and ( opyrij^ht llie expression- " lej^al representa- |i""'fs lives" includes heirs, executors, adininislralors and as I,',iuk^. sifj:ns or other lej^al represenlalives. Tn the .\et respeot- inj; Trade ^farks th<' words " lej^al representatives" are not inlerpreted. Th(> exclusive ri^ht (o an Industrial desi}>n is assi<;iialile by law, hut there is no provision tliat tlie jiersonal rc^presentative ol" the ju'oprietor lie- conu's entitled lo the propnelor's rijihts. How far an administrator would he considered Jis Assifjnee of an Iiidiistrial Drsipii may he douhtfiil. rateiit of Invention, action au'aiiist executor for profits. r.i'.ylir V. r, Ill-ill, !» (). It. L'U7. ' E.xecntion Act, R. S. O. ^silT, c. 77, p. ]l). m nm rl -1 : >-\l i-1- i'-'l ,iH ¥^] 128 '■If |M)litilS. Appiiiiit incut (if llll^tl'fS WhclC IK trustees pMyilUMlt le under tlu' contract. Payment made t > siicli trustee or trustees shall discliarpe the corporation. (■_') If no trnstee is named in the contract of insurance, or ai)pointed as mentioned in suh-section 1, to receive the shares to which infants are entitleu, their shiires may l)e paid to the execu- fors of (lie last will and testiiment of the assured or to a ^'uardian of the infants duly aitpointey the Ilifrh Cotirt, or to a trtistee ap|)ointed by the last named ('ourt, ajion the apiilication of the wife, or of the infants or their uuardian. and such payment shall be a good dls corporation. (.'?) A guardian ai)pointed undei- sub-section 2 shall give security to the satisfaction of the Court or .Tudge for the faithful perform anc(> of his duty as jruardian, and for the proiier a|>idicatioii of the money which he may receive. (d) T'rovided that where any insurance money not exceedi'it; S.'^.f^lO is jiayable tion to aii|ioint the widow of the assured, beinjr the mother of such infants, .as their jruardian without sec\irity. (i) Where probate of a will or letters of administration or letters of ^ruardianship are sought for the sole purpose of obtain- ing insurance money, the fe(^s payable thereon shall be as follows: '\'*'here the insurance money does not exceed $1,000, $4; Where the insurance money exceeds $1,000, but does not exceed $2,000, $(•,: Where the Insurance money exceeds $2,000, but does not ex- ceed .$.^,000, $S: .And such fees shall be regulated in the manner prescribed by section 7t! of the Surrogate Courts Act. Invest- ment of sjiares. (fi) Subject to the express terms )[ the trust instrument (if any). any trustee named as provided for in sub-sections 1. 2 and t\. and any executor or guardian may invest tlie money received in any securitv in which trustees, nnd'er the law of the Province, may I'KRSOXAL IM{(»1'EIITY J)KV()LVIN(} ON. invest trust funds, and may fmni time to time iiltci-. vary jin I iriiiispose the investments; and, wliere tlic mimey is iield I'ni- In- I'luits, may iilsD ajiply all ov part of llie annual iiicouK' aiisin« from llie share i>r presuni|itivi,' sluvre of each of tlie infants, in oi' to- wards Ills oi- lici' maintenance and education, in such nuiniier as the trustee, e.xecntor or guardian thinks lit, and may alsi advance to and for any of the infants, notwithstandin;; his or her minority, tile \vh(de or any jiart of the share of the Infant (d' and in the money, for the advancement or preferment in tiie worhl. or on tiie marriai;*' of such infant. Out. Acts, ISDT, c. o(i, s. lo.". l.">(t. - (1) Wliere uudei- a contract made or hy law deemed to tic made in Ontarl or a cijntract issued by an insurance coiporatlnn liavim: its head ollice in Ontario, the ins\irance money is payaMo to the representatives of a person who, at his (hath, was d'umicUed or resident in a foreign jurisdiction, Jind no person has hecome liis personal rejiresentativc in Ontario, the money ma.\-. on tlio expir- .'itinM of two months after such death, he paid to the iicrsumil repre- sentative appointed hy the Court of the foreli:n .jurisdiciion, i)ro- \ ided it appears ii|M)n the probate or letters of administratinii. or othci- lilit^ document of such Court, or hy a certificate of the ,lud!:c, under the seal of the Court, that it has heen sliown to the satisfac- tion of the Court that the deceased, at the time of his (ieath, was domiciled or I'esident at some plate within the jurisiliction of such < 'ourt. {'2) When the contract of sucli insurance provides that the insuraiK^e money may lie paid to the p(>rsonnl reprc'S(Mitntive Mlipointed hy the Court of the jurisdiction in wliich the deceased was i-esident or domiciled .at the time of his death, the money may he paid to sucli re[)resentative acc in (>ntiii-io, the insui-ance money is payalde to the representatives of a person who, at the time of his death, was domiciled or resident in a foreij,'!! jurisiliction, and liied inteslnte, tlie money may after the exidration of tliree months after such death, if no person iias beciiiiie his personal representative in Ontario, be pjiid to the person or persons entitled, aecordin;; to the law of tlie foreiirn jurisiliction, to receive the money, and kIvo a dischnr>:e for the same, as if such money were, by the terms of the contract, payable in such forcij^ni jurisdiction. (4) When a testator domiciled or resident in a foreiirn jurisdic- tion disposes i\( the insurance money 1>\ ji will valiil according to till' law of that jurisdiction, then such money may be paid at any time after death, or accordinyr to the terms of the contract in that K.K..\.-!» l-2!> .Applici- tjon ot infant^ ^li:ire-.. Death i.f ;i^>uic il ubl'iiMil, payiiiciil to foic-it,'ll reprcM lit ative. Wh.i, cmiti'.'ict piiyiiii ill to fMl'li'JII n-pi-'-Miil Uti\e. Ititestiicy : p;i\liiciil (wit hoiif reDicsciit atinn) aiM-nidiii^.' til foici^ii law. T.-laiy; pi(\ nil lit ••iccordiut,' to foni^'ii lau. mm \\ .■ \ ■ ■■1 1 1 '■W ' I ;■ ;5 .. •k, 1 f 1 130 •;i; M WIl.TH a|>|ii>iiiti'(l l)V fiircij,--!! CUlllt. .Iiiiiit tiiiiincN' ■ l<'iiit (ilili atiwM of (lict'ascd jllillt cull KXECUTDKS AND ADMINISTHA TOHS. Iicliiill'. to the person or pcrsoiia entitled iimler sudi will to I'oc elve iinil give ii valid discliiirt,'o for money itiiyahle in sucli foielKii juris diction. (5) Where it iipiienrs hy any letters oT Kiii>i-;»', under the seal of sncli Court, that it has been shown to the satisfaction of such Court that the assured at th(> maturity of the policy was domiciled or resident within its jurisdiction, ami whei'o security to the satisfaction of the ("oiiit has In en jiiveii hy the LTuardian or other lilie ollicer aiipf)intcd liy the said letters oi doeunieni, then the Iliuh ("oiirt. upon application for the appoint nient of the said y;uardian or like ollicer as trustee under this sec- tion, may dispense witli the ^riviiiK of seciiiity, provided it has also lieen shown that the infants or other lieneliciaries undei- in- capacity reside within the jurisdiction of the foreign Court, and that the lu'oposed trustee Is a fit and proiier person, and that the secur- ity has, in accordance with the practice oi such forei^rn Court, heen ^'iveii in respect of and for tlie due a|ipli( atimi and ai'count of the money p;i\al)le uiidtM" the policy. ((!) This section shall api>ly to |iollcies heretid'ore issued as well ;is to jiolicies to lie issued hereafter, and whether the death has occurred before tin- [lassiiif; of this Ai-l or not. Out. Acts. 1S'.»T. C. .">•!. S. I.")!). Insurance moneys of infiinls. See Dmhh v. .1. <). I . II., 2S (). 1{. .">7(l: Ciimiibdl V. Duini. 'S2 (). U. [)S. ll*il . Siirvivorsliip holds jiIskc licl svccn .joint leii anis of challcl pi'opci-ly as w(«ll as Ix'lwccii joint tenants of inlieritiinoo or ffeeliold. Henco an interpst whicli a testator had in a cliose in action jointly with another will not pass to his e.\ectitor. r.nt an exception is niadr in favour of merchants and traders, and persons enj^aj^'ed in joint nndertakinj>s in the nature of trade. The share of the deceased jioes to his personal representative. lUm. On the other hand the liability of a deceased person as a joint contractor, obliffor or jiartner. may he enforced aj^ainst his estate under IJ. S. O. c. 120 (The Truste(» .^«'l), section 15, which ])rovides as follows: ir>. In case any one or mor(> joint conlractoi-s, ol)ll;,'ors or part- ners die. tlie iierson interested in the contract. obUiration, or iiromisc^ entered into hy such joint contractors, obligors, or partners, may \ II .•II ei HI 1 I'EUSONAL PUOI'KIITY DEVOI.VINC OX. i:}| I proceed by iiclioii aKfiiiist the n'pn'scntatives of tlic (lerpnsod con- fractor, oblifjor, or i)aitii(>r, in thi> same iiiimncr as if the coiurint, ii passed. K. S. (). IS'.tT, c lli'.t, s. l."i (s. 1."., I{. S, (». 1SS7, c. 110). »5». Under tlio Jiidicaturo Act, M S. 0. 1H97, c. 51, s((t ion .IT ( 12), ill! iiiJiHcis in ((iiid'ovrisy bet ween ]»iirli('S arc (() be fliiiilly dclciniincd. To cnii'V oul this iiitcniion of the Lcjiisliihii'c, flic Consolidiilcd Hiilcs of IM-aclict' jirovidp (l{nl(* L'Odi tlial no ai relief joint I v. severally or in the alternative, may be made plainlilVs (('. I{. isr,i. All persons a^,nnst whom any relief is claimed jointly. severally or (he alternalisc. may lie made defendants (<'. ]{. \S(\). 'I'he defendanlH need not all be inlcrcslid in all the relief claimed, or in all the canses of action. i('. 1{. 1S7). The defendant may also briiiu Itefore the ("oiirt persons nof already parties ajiainst whom he seeks any relief ndatcd to or connected with the subject mal Icrof the suit ((\ ]{. IM)!)). Tims, all parties may be added I hat may be nec<'ssary to enable the Court elVcclnally and coin|del(dy to adjudicate njxm and settle all the (pics- liitns inv(dved in the action. See ildlinesled iV l-;inL'l(iii (L'lld ed.l. p. .",0;;. tnictdis li;iMeal tllDllKil tlie other joint, c. .ritriict (lis lie livihK- .\o iictioii til lie de- fi;ited fer \v;iiit, of p.irtics. iiniis fur jiiiiider I'f p:'rl jes. ;«35. The al ove enactment and rules reiiioNC 1 he Method ..f ditliciilties forineilv met in acli oils against joint con- f, exeeptiiili tractors. joilicli \\ heic seine liii( nut all of Ihe coi iliMclurs life sued in an iictioii. Iliey !u-e eiililled .if ri^ht to hiive nil the others witliin the jurisdict i(pii Mdded as defeiidiiiits: tind the iilea of ahileineiit haviiii: tieeu ahnlish ed lli(> method of exception is liy prompt .nppliciitioii to the Court: uiiiler IJiile l^llt! (1-4). aUdrrslaiv v. nalfovr. 1.'» T, H. lil).*]. i-i ■:.!:; ■i!/ 1 ! I ■ ■ 132 KXKCl'ToliS AND A l>M IMS I'liATOllS. N""'"''' !fi50. All iii'iioii {Ux'A nol Im'coiiic iilcilcd l»v rciisdii lllcllt li\ . ' . Ii-Iisniinl (»r IllC «l<'illll (»r pill-lM'S li llM' CilllSC ol JlCllOII SIIIVIVCS Ol ''''■' (•(Miliiiiics. WlicHirr (lie cjiiisi' (»!" nclioii siiivivcM or ikiI. (here is no iiluileiiicnl l>_v reason of deiilli of parlies Ite I ween (JH' veniicl or liiMlinj; of issues and the jud^Miieiil. ImiI (lie jud}iinen( may lie <'n(ered no( w illislandinj;' (lie deadi. (\ l{. :v.i\. Onld-; aililiiiK |i:irl ifs. riCUHC of lands lii'lil in fci' fill yours relit. IJ»>7. ('. Iv. .".IMt jirovides llial wiiere l»y reason o!' <1( alli or elian^e «»f inleresi alMer (lie coinmeiieenieiU ol' an aelion. olli"!' parties are reipiired. an order addinu sneli paiMies may lie ohlaiiied. Tliis rule apjdies wliere (lie cause ol' action snr\ ives oi- conliniies (o some |ieisoii not already a par(y. Src 1 li)llli('slr(l \- l.jiliuloll t'Jlld ('(l). |i. aTl"'. I I$i>H. AN'lieii a man. seized in fee, makes a ^il'l in tail, or leases Cor life or I'or yeais. I'eservinii ren(. Ilie wlude ren( wliicli becomes due al'lc'r liis dea(h fcn'inerly w the I'c versioner loses the prolils of the land, Ihe rent of which is to be paid (o him as compensalion foi' liis losse^s. and (lionpli ren( should be (»x])ressly reserved (o Ihe lessor, his execnlors and assijiiis, wi(hon( naniinj; tlie Ihmi', tlie executors could not have it. beinfi" stranf^ers (o the re version, which is an inheritance. On the other IuiimI. if a lessee for years made an under lease, reserviiifjc rent, the rent accruing af((M* his deadi went lo liis executor or administi'atoi', as it s(ill ven dioiifrli the reversion were to him and liis lieirs during tlie (erni. they mentioninji; the executors. ;<50. .\cu(ors. In this case the rent accruina; after was apportioned between tin* heir and the exei'utors. I I'KIISONAI, IMIOI'KUI'V l>i:V<»rA'l\(; (»N. \:v.i :i4>0. WliciT no I'cvcisioii sv;is Icll in llic Icssctr, jiiid N" i;<' I lie iciil w.is icscivcd lo his cxfciildi's, iulmiiMHl ratoPH Lmhci-. ami assigns, ii ['((iiiicrlv went. •(», 1(» llicm .\\\{\ nut In llic licit-. Ii<»l. If llic icill Itc icsclVtMl t'ltr vrais. illid he '<'>it scvcird IVoiii llic reversion, il I'crincrlv went and new fium ^(les lo llic cxcciitdi- or adiniiiiHlrator, alllioujili llic i'cv. 1897, c, 170, wliich are as follows: U. Where tlic words followiiiK (iccur in sections I, ."i, (!, 7 nnd N of this Act. they shall he ;e and rent- seek, and all periodical payments or renderinf.'s in lien ot' or in nature of rent; 2. "Annuities" shall inchule saliii'ies and pensions: and .'!. "Dividends" shall include (liesides dividends strictly so-call- ed) all payments made hy the nanu' of dividend, bonus or otlierwis • out of the revenues of tradinj; or other puhlic compiinies, divisihle between all or any of the menihers of sucJi resp(>ctive companies, whetiier such jiMynients ai'e usmilly made or declared at any fixed times or otherwise; and all such divisihle revt'uue shall, for the pui'poscs of this Act, lie deemed to have accriU'd hy equal daily inci'ement, ;' and witiiin tlie period U>v or in resix'ct of which the i)aynient of tlie same ri'venue is declared or expressed to be nnide; but the said word '• dividend " shall not inclnde payments in the uatnii- of a return or reinbursement of capital. R. S. (). 18S7, c. 143, s. 1. 4. All I'ents, nnnuities. dividends, and other periodical i)ayments in tlie nature of income (wiiether reserved or made [)ayal)ie under day iiiui be iiii instrument in writinfjf or otherwise), shall, like interest on money .ipportion- i^,,j(-^ )jj. considered as accrning from day to day and shall be ap- respect of portlonable in respect of time iiccordinBly. R. S. t). 1S87, e. 14:i, time. Ini)). s. 2. Act, Xi-M V.c..^5.s.2. •''■• 'I'I'e apportioned part of such rent, annuity, dividend or other .\l)portion- payment, shall be payable or recoverable in the case of a conlinuin;; ed iiart of , , > , . rent etc, to '"ent, annuity, or other such payment, when the entire ])ortion. ol bif payable which such ap|)ortioned part forms part, becomes due and payable. ^\"'" '! and not before; and in the case of a rent, annuity, or other such portion be- payment, determined by re-entry, death, or otherwise, when the Rents, etc to accrue from day t( ;oincs due ' next entire iiortion of the same would have been payable if tin :!,S-.S-i i'. c! ^foiic liad not so detenuined and not before. R. S. O. 1S87, r. 14.''>. ^^\»■^^. s. 3. Persons sliall have (>. (1) All jiersons and their res])ective heirs, executors, admln- the same Istrators ami assigns, and also the executors, ailininistrators and remedies . . for recover- assigns, respectively, of persons whose interests determine with \ng aiijior- their own deaths, shall have such or the same remedies for recover tioned part . , .^i , ^ e 1 1 i i i / n • asfortlie '"*^ such apitortioned parts as aforesaid, when payable (allowiiip: entire por- proportionate parts of all just allowances), as they respectively A -t 'vA'V "'°"'*' have had for recovering such entire portions as aforesaid. If V.c.';«."i,s.4. entitled thereto respectively. I'EKSONAL PHorKinV DKVOI.VINCi oN. 185 (2) Provided tliiit (KTSdiis lialilc to piiy i-mts rcst-rvcd out of, or ri<'u.>o as <'liiirKcd oij lauds or other lieredltaments of any teiuii'i', and (lie saiiio '" ■"'"*'* . rfsci'Ncd III lands or other Jiercditameuts shall not lie I'csorted to for any such j.,.|-tni|, apportioned part forming pai't of an entire or contiiniinK rent as •'"^•'■'. aforesnlil s|)eeirn'ally ; hut the entire or eoiitinuinK rent, liulndliiK siu'li ai)portloned i)art, shall ht." reeovei-ed and received liy the heir or other iierson, who, if the rent had not been apportlonable under this Act, or otherwise, wf)uld have lieen entitled to such entire or continulnj; i-ent; and such njiportloned part shall lie recoveralde by action from such heir or other person by the executors or other persons entitled iiniler this Act to the same. J{. S. ( >, INST, e. 14.'), s, 4. 7. Nothing in the precedlii;,' provisions of this Act contained. ^,,, ,,,,, ,,, shall render apportlonable any annual sums niadi; payable in poll- api>ly to ,. - 1 • !• T> o / > ii-L.— 1 !•» - iiolieicM of . ISSi. c. 11.!, s. .). 'issiiraiitf S. The prectdlng provisions of this Act sliall not extend to any .,."'.'y ^. ^'|,' case in which it is expressly stipulated that no iipiiortioninent shall .il, s. (1. lake jilace. H. S. O. INST, e. 14.'?, s. (». Nor whci.. stipiiliitiiiii . _ iniulc to :i«»«i. \Vli('i'(' llic clioscH of iielion accnic after t lie the i. doconso of Ilic tostator of intestate, the i'ij;li*s of ^li«' v'.t'.V.-,,^:. executor or adiuinislrator to sue are as follows. Whdc uhoses ill action mm. T'jx)!! the death of tlie testator or intestate, ii< remainder to his executors for years, or where a lease for years is be(|neathed by will to A. for life and afterwards to !»., who dies before A. Wins. II. 7(1U. I I'I^-'Ik's J$7<>. If no time be set for redemi>tion of a pledjre it has been laid down that the jtled^or must red- '» durinji' his life, because his executors cannot rec u The pled \\hich the wife hersidf may be to some extent enlitlein money, ai'e j^ood in <'(iuily as a<:ainsl the husband and all v(dunl<'er cdaimanls tlirouj;li him. Ji7-|. As to tlu' rij^hts of married w(Hiien the law now is as follows. acc(M'dinji to tlie .Mari'ied Wemen's I'rnperty Act. I{. S. (). 1S!I7. c. Hi:!. -. In tills Act tiic word " cmitriict " shall iiiclmlo llio Mcccptiiin'i' of any trust, (jr of the otrK(! of oxi'ciitri.x or iidiniiiisl r:itri\, iiiid the provisions of this Act, as to liiil/ilitics of married wnnicn, shall extend to all liahilities liy I'eason of anv lii'each of trust or de- vastavit coniinitted by a mari'ied woman liciii'.; a trustee or execu- tri ir administratrix, eitlier liefore or after her marriage, and her liii.-liand shall not he subject to snch liahilities, unless he has acted or intermeddled In the trust or ad*ininistration, and the word "property" sliall includo a thlnj; In action. U. S. O., 1.S,S7, c. i;i2. s. 2. i;iKi,t>, I iniirriid V^ Mil, (II, Iiiterpii tiUioli. •'Ooli- tnict.' Liahilin 1 prop- . rtv." yvr- J .UUM ! ■! I lis EXKCUTOltS AND A1)MINIST1{AT(/HS, NraiTi.Ml 3. (1) A iiiiirricd woiiuui slinll !)<> ciiiuiljlo of nrrjiiirinp, lioldin;? I't'i'iip'.-ililr'''^ '"''" '"'I""'"''' l>i'ui),'r(y, ;iih1 (lisixisinj; liy will or othiTwiso of any of iiipldiiiK 't'-'il '"■ piTsoiiiil in-oiit-riy, in the same nuinncr as if sho were a l>r<)p.ity fiitu-Kolc witlioMi llic intcrviMilion of anv trustee. ICIIII Holt . TowtTtu (-) A married woman sliall be caiiahle of tntoring i.ito and ron iMiiitiact. d,.,.i„j, lierseir lijil)le in resjie^t of and to the extent o. lier se|iiirnle properly (i>i any conlrael, ami of sninK and heinj; snec'., in all respects as if she were a {c))w-m>U\ and her hnsjiand lued net lie joined willi her as jdaintiff or defendant, or lie maS7, c. 13'J, s. ,-! (1, 12». (>. (1) lOvery married woman, whether married before or after the ])assin>,' of this Act shall be entitled to have and hold as her separate property, and to dispose of as her separate property, the wages, earniuKs, money and property gained or acipiired by her in any employment, trade or occupation in which she is engaged, oi- which she I'arries on, and in which her husband has no proprietary interest, or gained or acMpiired by the exeri'jse of any literary, artistiu or scieniUic skill. Kari lings of niiirricd women. (2) Every woman married on or after the first day of July, I'lopfvty of a woniiin ^.>,, , , ,, , , . , , , , . , , , , ,. .. i nuirricd on '' ' *' **''"'■ "I^"' '•«' entitled to have and aold and to dispose ol a.s her or after 1st separate property, all other real and personal property belonging • ' ' 'to her at the tiir.L' of inarriagt>, or accpiircd by or devolving uimhi her after marriage. IJ. S. <,).. ISST, c. 13'_', s. 5. ■^'^ f" 1(\ All deposits, all sums forming [lart of ' : \\c stocks or funds, til which .1 ^^''''•'^'' "" *'"" '"■^'^ '^^y "f 'I'lly. l^^i^-l. weu- standing in the sole married name of a married woman, and all shares, stock, d"benti\rcs, "itUlcd "" 'l*''"*"*'"'*" stock, or other interests of, or in any ctirporation. com- pany or public b(i(lV, mniiicipal, commercial or otherwise, or of, or in any industrial, provident, friendly, benefit, building first day of .Inly, 1SS4, were standing in h(>r name shall be deemed, unless and' until the contrary lie shown, to be the se|iari.te iiroiierly of such married woman; and the fact (hat any such deposit, sum forming part of public stockh', fmids, or of any share, stock, debenture, debenture stock, or other interi'st as aforesaid, is standing in the sole name of a marrieil woman, shall be suHicieiit iirima facie evidence that she is beneficially entitled thereto f;;r her sejiarate use, so as to authorize and' empower her to receive or transfer the same, and to receive the dividends, interests a. id profits thereof, withot't the concurrence of her husband rEllSOXAL IMIOI'KHTY DEVOLVING ON. I :iJ) niHi to indoniiiify all imlilic uHiccrs and nil directors, niaiintcor.s and inistiH'S of every siirli corporatiun. oonipanx'. i)nblic body (ir society as aforesaid, in respect lliereol'. 11. S. C)., 1SS7, c. l.lL', s. !t. J(t. A luarriei! wonuni who is an executrix oi- adniinisti'alrix, ■■idiie oi- jointly with any other person or jiersons of the estate of !iny (icciiised jierson, or a trustee iilone or jointly as aforesaid, of pripiierly subject to iiny trust, may sue or be sued, and may ti'ansfer or join in triinsfeiriUK, in that cliaracte; , any such jiarticulars as are inentioiH'd in section 10, without her husbiind, as if she were a feme sole. H. S. U., ISS", c. l.TJ, s. 1!K '2'.\. l''or the purposes prc.-en- lative of any niiirried' woman shall, in respect of her separate estate, have the same I'l^lits and lial>ilities, and Ik- suliject to the same jurisdiction as slie would have, or be, if she wore living. H. S. ()., rsMT, c. i:;-', s. 2li. ;{7»5. Tlic lenii piU'iiplicrniiliji* is u.scd to sijifiiify Iho apparol and ornainents of a wife suitable to her rank anl tlcfrrt'c, \\'liat are to be so considered are (luesiions t(t be decided by tb(> Coart and will d<'])enacy in these particulars: 1. It ne<'d not be ])roved in the Surrofjate Court. L'. No assent or otliei- act on the part of the executor or a; in'\ 11' III ti'staliT. Cliatt.Is w liii'li iicvtr M'st t (1 ill tt's- tat..r. KXMCl'rolJS .\NI> ADMINISI'lJAToliS. J$7.S. A (loiiiilio iiuirlis riiiisji dilVcrs frtun a jdll inter vivos in liicsr I'cspccis, in wli'cli il rest inr'"s :i K'f^acy: I. II is jiuilmliiloi'N , iiicomitlclc and rovocahlf tiuriiiji; llic Icslalor's iil'r. L'. It is liable to the Sneers sion Dniies Act (l{. S. ( >. 1SJI7, e. L' 1 1. ::. It is liable to (ho debts of tlie testator ,npon delicieney of" assets. ll(n(/ V. Tunirr, 2 \ fs. S^'ii. Hit, I >>iii;i'. ill iiiiutis caiiMi. Ilitll V. Ilitll. 'JO (). IJ. IC.S. t;SI: l'n< until v. FniiiKiii. I'.t (>. K. 1 II. (iil'l iiiti'i' vivos. />'( Muliiiii. I'linlhinii v. Miinnii, '.• \. IJ. ."I'i'.l: WnlUiiis \. HiikLiIkiii. C. a. Ik. c.tit;. JJ70. There are many instances in which properly in the liands of an execnior is rejjjarded as assets, althonuh il was never in the testator, 'rims, if an execntor renew a lease he shall acconnt for tlie new lease as well as the old as assets. So if A. covenants with It. to make him a lease of certain lands by such a (hiy, and 15. dies before the day, ;uid before any lease is made, A. is boimd to make the lease to the executor of 15., and the lease so ina th(> execntor a com pi'nsation in dama^^es. which ai'e also assets. So if A. jM'omis<'s, oil ^ood consiI.VIN(! ON. 11 tliis l<'i"iii in liiin, il sli;ill Itr msscIs in the IijiikIs of his <'X>'cu((>r. So ;i I'cniiiiiid r in :\ Icrni I'oi- vciU'H, llion^li i( never vcslf'd in lin' (I'shilor's |M»ss('ssi<»ii, .-uid (lM»nf,'Ii it still continncd ;i rrniMiiHlcr. sluiU he iisscis in (li<' liands of (lie cxccnlor. I''(»i' il bciirs it present value and is vendilth'. So <.';o<»ds wliirli have aecnied hy increase \i iinliilily (if ;iii cxcriildr wlio ciiM-ifs nn a luisiiiiws is iiioi'c liilly s<;i(('(l in llic cliiiptcr rrliil iiii: In llii' lialiility of an cxcintoi' fdi' iiis own act.s. li.SJt. So chattels, real or perscmal, 1o wliicli tli(> ''imtt.ls llldl'tKilk''''' late oi' other cliattol was jjranted by 1hr> t(stator ujion condition that if the ^irantee did not ]tay II- lilciiK(-. Kedemption by an executor before oi* after the time specified for redemption is elapsed has tlie sami' etT<'ct. tlu' excess in the value of (he thing beyond llic money paid for redemption is icgarded iis asse(s. Jt^-'iO. Ald'.mgli. where dilTerent administrations are griin(ed in ditVerent countiies, that administration is deemed tlie priiKijjal or primary one which is granted in the country or domicile of the deceased; yet each jtortion of the estate must be .adminis(ered in (he country in which possession of it is taken and held under lawful au- (hoi'ity. The administrat(M' under a foi'eign grant has a right to hold the assets received undei- it against (li«' home administi-ator, even after they liave been remitted to the country in which the home administi'ation was gi'ante rijilits of I'lirciKii (■i'>"liti diy. -I»l',». JJS.H. A will executed by a jierson when donii 'Jii'ixf ciled in the rrovince of (Quebec before two notai'i'S thei'(s in accordance with the law of that IMoviuce. not acted upon or proved in any way before any romi there, is not within the Act respectinj^ Ancillary Tro I'alcs and Letters of Administration. In rr Mmhiitit. 1^2 Aiip. K. IS i{>H!l. The itcncral rule is that an executor or admin a».is islialor shall not be charged with any other ^oods ^i^* t.' I'la'i'J'ls assets than those which come to his hands. Tonsidcrable "' 'V'^'"' t'li-. ditliculty consists in aKcertainin;> what is |o lie esteemed such a coming" to the hamls of the executor or at2. Afi'ain. if jioods come fully into the possession and hands of an executoi* or administrator, but are afterwards taken wronjifuUy from him, a (piestion arises whether such <;oods shall be considered assets in' his hands. As to these, an executor or administrator stands in the condition of a j^ratuitous bailee; with resi)ect to whom the law is that he is not to be charjj;ed without some default in him. Therefore if any ^oods of the tes- tator ai*e stolen from the possession of the executor, or from the ])Ossession of a third person, to whose custody thevhave been delivered bv the executor, the latter shall not be charj>e-oods out of the ])ossession of an executor or administrator, althoujih h(» is bound to sue the tresi)asser, if known, yet the executor or administrator shall not be answerable in assets for more than he recovers in the suit. But if he omits to sell the goods at a good i)rice, and afterwards they arc taken from him, then the value of the goods shall be assets in bis hands, and not wliat he i-ecovers. for there was a default in him. Again, if the goods be ]H'rishable goods, and before any default in the executor to ])reserve them or sell them at due value, they are inqtaired, lie shall not answer for the first value, but shall give that matter in evidence to discharge liimself; so if the testa- tor's sheep or other beasts die, or if his ships ]>ensb by tempest, the executor shall not be charged with tliem as assets. ■I \l I'Elt.SONAI. l'..i)l'i:K'l V l)i:V()l.\lN(i ON. 1-15 !m4. \Nitli rcs|ii'(t to clioscs 111 iiclKMi. ;iltli(ni«;li (Ikw* m ... 1 • ■ 1 ui'tiiiii, <|<'lils oi every dcscnjilKdl 7. Isstjitcs iHir iintrc vie arc cliisscd uikIci- this ■pur itutri til. liciMlmji. Ill Ontiii'io llicv lire (Icvisahlc bv vii'liic of tlie Wills Ar't (|{. S. (). 1S!)7. I-. rJS. s. lOi. which ciiiicts as I'ollous. "and I lie iiowrr licichv {iivcii | that of (lis|»()siii<^- l»y will] shall cxtciid lo estates jtiir autre vie whether tlieic lie oi- lie not any special occnjiaiit thereof, and whelher the same lie coipoical or incoi-poreal iiei-edita- nit'iits." 1*''^- "f J$tl.S. The devolution of estates par anti'c vie is pro- ('.it:iU'H;/((r •tiitn III. viiled for by section '.\S of the Devolution of Kstates Act. which says that such estat<'s shall (h'scend as estates in fee siiiijile. I'nt iindei* section M7. section :!S does not apply to the estates of jiersons dyinj; on or after 1st .Inly, iSSd. As to such estates therefore after that date there is apjiai-ently no exist in?;' statut(ay lule. If it was in tench'd to continue the former law, then that law was as follow s: Special '•'''<' Statute of I'^rauds (l^!* Car. II. c :*.. s. 11'). after ocou|)niicy. |„.,.,,|j,, j,,j^. ,, ,],.yjs;,. ,,(' such estates to he made, eiuicts that if n, enacts that the said sui'plus shall be distributed in the same manner as the personal estate of the testator or intestate. Tenant ;■(( (lyiiin- /nil' (iiitri 400. Itoth statutes omitted to jirovide for the case intcstiiU'. ,f ., iciiant pur autre vie dyin;;.' ititestate as to that estate. 1)ut havinji' made a \alid will of his peisonalty. In other words, these siatutes omitted to state whether the siii-- jilus in such case should ;id accoi-dinji to the personal i^' •ts is t(i ;isr lie ti' U tc. iir- I'KUSONAI, I'ltOl'KKIV HKVOI.VINO ON. 147 csliilf (lisposfd ol' l)y Ihf will, or as iiiMlisiioscd of per s(niiil cstiitc. X(»i' wjis iiny jn'ovisidii \\nu\f for thf siir pins wliiili iiii;:lit lie in tlu' liiiiuls of an cxccutoi' or iui iiiiiiistralor as special occupant. It was event iialiy settled tlial the executor held it as Ifiistee fof the resi diiaiy le^iatee. h'ilihil V. W'dlt nriiiili, 7 N't's. J'J.I. 101. Section ;{ of the l)ev(dnli(»n of Kstates Act in- Kstat.s i,y eludes under the head of estates suliject to Ihe Act. ;'",',!|!I., ',',«„(■>•. estates " limited to th<' heif as special occujianl." These estates ir.ust be under a will or jiranl lo a man and his heir., durinji' the life of cestui i\\w vie. The heir; who are now to lai Car. 11. c :*, and 14 (leo. 11. c. L'li. This dilVicidty should be removed by le^^islat ion. •105$. The absolute propei-iy must have been vested l'ni|Hitv 1 11 J • 1 1 1 '" '• i*f'lt' '■ 111 tile testator in order to make them assets m llie hands i,,,,..^ 1,,,^,, of tlie oxt'cutor. Therefore if the testatoi- takes a bond '';'"i , loi' another in trust, and dies, this is i.ot assets in the lands of liis executor. So if the obligee assigns over a tiond and covenants not to rev(>ke. and dies, that bond is not assets in the hands of the executor of tlu* obliaynn'nt of-^*'^'"'" debts (M- portions for younger cliildicn, and the piirjxtse for which the term was crt ated is satisfied, the termor is y an ad- ininistralor in' consccineinc of Hie ib'alli of llie parly to whom the remittance was ma(b'. It was Indd that the sjiecial purpose oi)eraled as a lien, and that the sum remitted could not be applie<] by the administrator as {i;ein'ral assets. 400. ^Vllere a deed is set aside as fraudulent ajjainst any of I ho creditors of the deceased, the jtroperiy lieconies assets, and subscMiinMit creditors ai'e let in. An assijinment within the staliite i:' Kliz. e. 5. is utterly void against creditors, and the property assigned is assets in the hands of Hie executor. Slii'iir.'^ V. l!n,i,r.-<, 3 i',. .V Addl. ;ii;'2. 407. There are various Interests fretjin'Utly forming ])art of the <'state of an executor or acbninistrator which are not recognized as assets at law, and wliicli, therefore, if administered at all, had to be administered in equity. This latter ])ortion of the estate in the hands of the executor or tlu^ administrator, was called e(|uitablo as- sets, in contra distinction to the former, which were called legal assets. An important distinction existed with respect to the administration of these two kinds of assets. *i DifFtreiice 40^. ]f tlioy Avore legal, they had to be administer- H'iil iii>'i('fl by the executor or administrator of the deceased in a ussets^''' course of administration having regard to those rules of defined, priority among creditors formerly in existence, lint if I'liltSONAF. I'ltOl'KKI V l)i:V(iIAIN(; ON'. the assets in tlic hiiiids of the cxcciilois wci-c ((luitaMc. tlini, iiltlmiijili iIm' jircicdriMc in piiviiH'iil of dchls In IcHJicics had (o lie rcspcclcd. set. as aiiioiij: crcdilors, llu; assets had to t»e applied in satisfaction of all the claim- ants pari jtassn, \vi(h(Mil any rej;ai'(i to liic priority in rank of one debt lo anotiier; the princijiie of tiiis dis linction was that in nalnial justice and conscience, and in liic ( onteniplation of a Court (d' Mcpiity. all debts hein;;' e(|ual, the debtoi* was eijuaily ImuiimI hi satisfy them all, whether by speciality or by simple contract. Therefore, since a (dainninl upon (Mpiitablc assets was under the necessity of fioinji' to a Court of Kquity in ordei' lo reacii tliem. that Court would ait only accord inj; to the ruh^ of doin;j; justice to all creditors, withoui any distinction as to jiriority. Xhullixk V. .SluitlwL-, L. It. -J K(i. IS'J, I'.tl. The distinction between loyal and equitable assets is, however, still of some importance, that is to say, in the following respects, namely : — (1) In determining whether an executor or administrator is entitled to retain his own debt (whether contract or specialty) out of the assets ; and (2) In determining ■^emhlf thee.xtent of the e.^ecution avail- able for the creditor ([)laiutift' in an action) ; for when the court of law is sitting as such, that is to say, wiien the creditor's action is a purely legal action tlie e.\ecution would still be against the legal assets only ; while if the action was properly framed as an equitable action, the execution or equitable relief would extend to the eijuitable assets as well as the legal assets, Snell's Principles of Jviuity (VA. 1801, p. 2r,2), Tlie state- meat aa to retainer is inapplicable to Ontario. U!) I'.Mtl lolls AMI AI>\IIM-I ItAloits. lii \r'i'i':ii l\' l'o\vi;i; AM> Ai i'ii(»i»'i rv. I'liU It I'l lllltllll)l'< tiiitxl ; I't (>\i'ril((>i I'llllX ;nitl ihstr.viii low Mlrr ihltiiinislrMlinii is ^^rjiiilrtl llir puwi r (if liU ailininisl riilor is ri|na) Id .'iml willi llir |ni\M i ul ;iii (•\<'(iil or. \ii I'M'iiilor (Ir SUM li'il tiiuiHil Itfiii;; :iii\ ;h liiHi in ii:',iil I'l tlic tict imsdI. cm ciiI ili;it il' in |Mtssissi(>n ol t^MDils ol lilt' ilci I'.isi'il. Ill' run nciinliiin iiti ;iiliic( I ol' sin li ;,'oimIs, nil. 'II \ i\. , M ,v w .'.im; IIO Wiiliin ;i (onvcniriil liiiir al'lir llic lisliilni "s (lr;illi t>r the i:r;iiil «>! ;iilniiiiis|i ;i I inn. llir isi'iiilor nf .iilniiiUNi r;iior li;i«. ;i ri;.;iil In ciilcr llic Ihmisc ijrsi cniliil III |lh« heir ill (Milri Id icniuvi' llir ^joods nl' llir drcrjisfil, |iri>\ idi'd lie do so williont \ itdrnco. He ;ilso li;is llii' I'lilll lo l;ilvO deeds ;ind oilier wiiliiuis rehllive lo iIh' esl;ile oiil ii\' ;i eliesi in llie house it' il he nil loeKed or ih.e ke\ he in il, hiil lie h;is no ri^lil to hrejik Mpen e\ en ;i eliesl. IT lie (;inno| inUe |iossession ol llie rtleels willuMiI t'oree he niiisi desisi ;ind restnl lo his ae litui. Ou the oilier hand, it' the executor or ndmi.iisl rnlor on his pan he remiss in ii'inox inii' the ^oods williin a reasonahle linie. ilie heir niii^hl I'tMnn riv. bin not now, disiiain Ilieiii as daniai:e I'easaiil. Stiiiltldi \. Ihirn:i. ('n>. .I:ii'. 'JOI. ill. Where a 'essee for vears nndei'lels the land ;;nd dies, his jMM'sonal re|iresenial i\ c nuiv distrain al ( iMiunon law lor tlie arrears ()\' rent w hieli heeanie due in tilt' lit'eliiue o( llie deceased. I'.ecanse these arrears were never severed t'roin tlie reversion: bin the executor or adnunisirator lias the reversion and the rent annexed lluM'elo in the same jdiiiht as the deceased liiinself had it, and it is not like a reversion which dt scendcd to the lieii'. whilt' the arrears went to the executor ov administrator. n (?(;.■ V. Mdi-.yli. 1 Koll. Al>r. CT-J. uti :iiiil ili'li.iiii lur iriil ihir lliiii |i shiliii ill iii'-^ lili'liiiir K. S O |m:i7. ( . I "Jit, Till' Ti nslcr \i I miihiiir I III' riilJMW in;.' |iiiis iHiiiiiM: I,", Till' I'Miiilm I 'Hli'li I ;iil' iil lilii||<>ti| III III lilrllinr. In lii.< i,| a |i " i r liinlilii'l' MM Hill It |i'U!iiii III- Innillniil iiiJrlil liin'' ilnni II Iniiir It S '""y ', lllUII I'll (I is'.iv. .' i'J!>. •«. I.". I I''. i( s M i'ssv, <■. ini(. .III. JIM II. Sii. It lilii'iii'. iiiiiv III' ill lr;iliiii| lilt' ,il iiii\ lliiii' williiii mKSii'Ii lllnlllll'^ lllll'l' Mil' ijl'll't Itlill.'l I I'.ll III till lillM III' |i .1 I. nil. I iluilltL' lltl''""'"' (itil iimv < mil liiiiii lii'i' III' llii' |iii'iMi> I'nmi nl iIm' li'iiniil liniii vvlimii Hii' ii i li'ii i -i |„. ,||., lii'i .11111 ■ 1 1 111' , mill I III' jMW 1 !■. n ml I II in I I' III 1 i niiln im i| In I lir m|. \ i i ii I ' i i iii' 'I •■l.'il illi"^ ii'IjiIiii)' In ill 111' '". Inr niil, 'iliiill In ii jnil n'l lili I., Iln, .' ',, ' ' Il iiiiinl If ill-lli-^ii'M si, iii.'iili' ;i ; iiliili'.'.illil I! S. (t. IS1I7, ■'. I'Jtl, M. II (•. i;;. .illi I ilil. I i;. S <». ISS7, I' I nil ii,iti;.ii..ii"l till' |i ,ni \l\\. II is il ^ciiri'iil I'lilc III' l;i\s mill iijiiilv lli:il iiii Aii-.lnii I'Viriilnr III' Milininisl nilor li;is iiii iilisoliid- |iy ri'iili I nr.M, iiiiirli Irs.s li_v lr;;;il('rs. lilju'i' ;^i'iii r;i! or spi'i ilir, iiilu IIm' liiimls of Ilil- nlii'iiii'. 'I'lii' |ii'iiii ijili' is llml iIm' cvi'i iiIuI' 1',' ,'i(liiiiiiis( r;il(ir in iiiiiiiv iiisliiiiccs iiiiisl si'll in unji'i' In iM'irni'iii his (liilv ill |i;i \ iii^ ili'lils, rlr., iinij iiu one wmijil • Ic.'il willi ;in •■M'ciiliii- III' nilniinisl I'.'itoi' if linlili' iit'li-i' uiinis til III- (';illr(l Id in toiiiiI . Tlic |ii»\\ ir uf I lii' i'.\i riitiH' III niiH'l^ii^ii' tli<' iissrls liiis lii'i'ii I'l'i'iij^iii/i'ii liy lliiii ;iii lliiii'ilirs on sr\rr;il iii'riisiiilis. /.'<■ Mnnimi. \s C, I). :i:;. Wms. |,. ,S(i'J. 'Il'l. So Mil' cxiTiitoi' ni;iy jiicil^c ;i pni'l of llii- ;is l;i/lit t., scis for I 111' iiiii'|ios(' of hct liT ciiiililiii;^' hi in to ;i d minister ''"'''' ' 1 hi' rsljitc. niid Ihi' plrdjici' iiiiiy sell tiie tliiii;.'s |ih'il;:e(| if they iirc not I'l'dci'iiicd within the |ii'o|M'r tinie. J>'Ks:s,ll V. I'hiifr. l.S I'.eav. Li.S. 'J'.). 1.3-2 EXECUroltS AND ADMlNISTHAlOliS. M ,11 ! I'lii'chii.'-ci IKM'll IK it SCI- t(i a|>- |ili(';itliiii iif imrcliUM llli'iirv. lv\ci'|itioii to (.'cticiM I'"r,uiiln- Iciit trans fi'i's or l']\t'i'utor i-:iniiot imix'liasi'. 4I*>. It is iKtl iiiciiiiihcnt on the purchaser oi" iiiorl- fjapce of llic iisscls lo sec that the money is j»ropei'ly aji- jilied, though he knew lie wa.s (lealinj;' with an exet iitor. Mcl.iiiil V. Ihidiuiidiid. IT \'es. l.')!. 4HJ. Kxcei»li(»n to tlie ji'eneral power t.f tlie exc ii tor or administrator to dispose of tlie estate of the intes late OI' testator will he found in (hose cases only whei-i- (ollnsion existed hetwcen the purchaser or morlj^^a^'ee and tile jiersonal representative. That an ex(Miitor may Uitste (he money is not alone snlhcient to invalidate the saie or mort jiati'e. It must further ajtpear that: the jtur chaser or nioii,ina<,'^rc ]»artici|iated in the devastavit or breach of duty in the executor. Whtilc V. l!(,t"'' rnnlcMl in fscUiiij; Ilie share ul' tlic (iccfascd to tlic sur- |.;ii-tii.r \iviii<;- ]»ai'tiu'rs. if tills can be done fairly and jtroiM-i'lv. " "'' '■ A ("oiirl of Justice \vill loolc at sucli a transaction willi close attention, for in dealinj^s between the executoi* o! a deceased jtartner and the survivin;;' iiartners there may lie an incMjiiality in i'esj»ec| of kno\vledi;'e which may be talit'ii ad\an(aj;'e (»f in such a way as to lead to ineijuit- alilc and unfair results. ('hiniihirs y. Umcill, 11 r>cM\-. ti. ■Itil. A jiroinissory m.te or bill or exchange made jiayable to the deceas<'d or his oi-dei\ may be indoised by his executor (»r administiator. and, «>cnerally speakin\ iiun-accciitaiico. SiM-tiiiii .';i. .■"). WhtT'' any [icI'sdii is iiiMiiT nliliLralinii to cihlorsi' a Mil iu a rfiircsfiitativi.- caiiarity, lie may i-injiirsc the hill in suih tirins as t i iic^rativt' iitTsoiiai lialiility. !'.>. i/i ^^'ll('l'e the (Iraw'fi- ui- ciHldisfr is dcail and tin ■ ..•■ty irivini: niilicc kiHiws it. niitici' must he ixivni to a in'rsi.nai :'"j' rscniai i\i' i: Mii-li tlifi'c is and with the cMTcisi' nf rcasunahh' dili,i,'iihi> ln' '•an he t uind. Kll.l. .!■>.■■ Iiii'iu lit hills and notfs. -ItitJ. .Vii exe<-ut(M' ma,\. in souu' cases, claim liy K\. nitn election, as where a vi'siatur at the time ui his deaiii ',y ,.ii.Jt'i..ii was entitled out of several chattels in laixc his rhoiee (.f "lie or more to his own use. If a man j^iNes lu .\. such ef his horses as \. and \\. shall cluKtse. the election uu;;lil '" be in the life of .\. If a man i:i\,.s our of his horses I" A. and \\.. ,ifter the death of .\.. 15. ma\ choose whirh li*' will taUe for an interest vested in them imniediatelv 1")! lAKcr loKS \. Nil ADMINIM I! AlOliS. Ii\ I lie -ill. It' ii Icisr lie i; lllllci' lo A. lor 10 (»!• '-'(I vrills ;is lie shall cirri, llic I'Nrrnlor is ''nliil,.,! |,i |||.. clcclioii. l*-i;5. .\L:;iiii. if A. in;iki ^ ;i lease to;' vears lo 11. o',' in aeles. |iar( I'l ut 'iO. llie ejeclinii iiia\ lie made 1)\ i'>."s e\eril Ics. Wilis, p. Ml. 1*21. l''\ecMiors Mild adiuiiiistrators may !iy virtue n\' their dl'tice dis|i(tse ahsoliilely of terms of vejirs wliidi are \i'strd ill tlieiii in rii^lit of ilieir testators or iiitesfates or lualve an under lease. But an exeeutor or ailmiiiistralor cannot }:;ive an option (d' inirelias(> at a future time. 0,\,i)uc Sr,iiii Co. \. Siilh. li'iini, ji'i ('. I), '-'.ill. I*2»">. If a lease he made for a term of year.'< uiion Oi)nditioii that if the lessee shall assign his term without the assent of the lessor it shall he lawful (or the lessor to re-enter, the term, nevertheless, vests in tho ('xe'.'Ut(U' or administrator of the lessee without l)reiieh of the eonditioii. If a lessor (h'sires to exehido a specilie devise of the ti'riu it seems he must do so hy express terms. Wtinilfall, L;tnilli>/vl ami 'I'diant, isl. •Iii<». AVIien a lease for ycMVs with a condition or covenant restraiiiin.L; alienation or underletting comes in'i' the hands oi an executor or administrator if imined in 'hi.; covenant, he is houiui therehy. If not uauied it is said to be doubtful whether be is bound. j;.;- y. // '1". U. I'-'ll. ■I2T- The executor's power of disposal over assets is not ci)nlrolled or susjionded by the commeiieement of an action for ailministration of the estate. lu'Ci-es V. ]iiirra:n\ 11 (^>. U. .'(04. i I i;si.\ii; III'. (IIAI'TI-JI V KSTA'i'i: «»i' i;.\i:(r"()ij and ad.mimstka'ioi:. 1 1 mi; (ii- \i>ii\(; to •Itif'i. As llic iiili'i'rsi (if iiii I'Xci'iihn' ill llic i'sl;il< hiil.Ki,.-,- tif llic (Irrciisrd is (|cli\c(| cxclllsisclv 11(1111 llli' will. S(i il i'.~,.,.',i|",'|' " M'Sis ill llic cNcciilur ri'ulli llic liioliiclll uf llic Icshllol's ■"!'' aiJIiilliH- (|c;i ! h. Oil llic oilier IiiiimI. llic iidiniiiisl nil or derives I lis ti,ii.,r. I !ll( W Ihill \ lldlll llic < "nlirl ; lie I Ills IKilie lllll il I lie lei leis <>t iiliiiiiiisl 111 I ion lire ;^i;iiilc(|. imd ilic iiro|»crlv of llie (leccjiscd \esls ill liiiii oiilv i'loiii the ,i:i;iiil. 11 ui.lli II \. cliirk. :, r.. \ A. 7 l."i. 7 li".. iti!>. I'\ii' |i;iil iriihir |iiir|ioses llic Ictlers ol' ;idiniii A-linini.- 1 II I • .■ I 1 I i. 1 • Ir.iii'iii liv l-l IMl lllll re|;ile lillciv lo I lie lllllc o| llic dcJllll ol llic HI |,.|;it|,,,, lesl.-llc. iiiid liol lo llic lime of Ul'illlliim lliclil. TIlllS. nil 1ioii,l:Ii il Wiis held ili:ii dcliinie eon Id imi he niniiil.iiii nl liv ;iii adniinisi rnior iijiiiiiisi ;i |ierson who li;id liol pos session ol' the t. ,^ I", .".rii i:80. i;y 1!. S. 0.1 SOT, c. in:5,scc. 7 (TheUnal Proixity i,,n„.at,,.n 1 iiiiilnl ion Atii. nil ndininist rnlor clniins without iiiifi' i.i.'jM-rty. \nl from llie denlh of the (ieee;iscd. 4J8I. Ai(ordiiii:l\ it \ onhl srem llint whenever i',,ii.tit .f niiMiiie nctiii^- akministka roiis. tilt' conliMct. so tliiil the ;t(liniiiisl I'liloi" niiiv sue u]U)u il ;i.-> iiiii<|i' Id liiiiiscir. 'riiiis wIhtc iiiniicv Itclon^iiiji' lo a (( stiitor .'Il llir liiiic of liis (li'iitli. or due to liiiii, ;iihI piii-_'. ^''^ii'l'-x llttj. All iiio\;ild(' uoods. llioii^Ii ill ever so inniiv pivsriiti. dilifrciil and dislant idaccs lidiii liio rxcciiioi', vest in liic t'xcciiloi' in |ioss('ssion pi'csciil Iv iijioii liit' icslator's death, lor it is a riilo td' law that tho |ti'o|irii \ of ix'isoiial 'lialtcls draws to it the possession. IlllflCst l;iiiils M-i (li>liii !,'ui>liiMl tr.iiii pciwir. Tliiiiirs 1IIUI1'1\ - alilr. Iiittrot p.uiis of tf.st:itur. (.n■A^••lll^■ Of liscA'i"!'. I" -l*{!{. A de\ isc (d' (he lands to e\eriitors to sell ]iassed the iniercsi in t ; lint a de\ ise tlial executors shall sell the land, or thai lands shall he sold Itv the execnteV(dnlion of Msijiics .Vet " are that sin h jnopcriv. mi the death (d' the decease (1. de\(dves upon ami becomes vested in his lej^al i-epresentati\('s. These words are. prohaldv. sulVicienl to (di\iate the necessity f(M' entry. ill -li. The interest which an executoi" or adniinis- tratm' has in the j^dods «d' the deceased is very dillei-eiit from the al>s(dnle. jn'opei', and ordimii'y intei'cst whicli every (Mie has in his own jnopei* j:oods; for an exccutta' oi' administrator has his estate as smdi in auter di'oit merely, as the minister or dis^ienser »d' the <^'oods of the lead I'hirJii.u'^ I'lisr. !l ('(I. ss. II. •_' Inst. •S\i>. iei'roriiis all liie purposes of Ihe will and holds the eslaie as leii,at<'e; or when the executor Jiays money of his own to the \aliie of the leiiii in discharge ol the teslat'H''s dehls, and with an intention to aiijiro- jiiiati' Ihe term to his own use mi lieu thereof. II$!>. Since no uiau can he(piealh aiiylhin;;' hut iiMcntnr wliai 1i(^ has lo his own use, an execulor canmit liv his '''''\'' " " will dispose of any of (ho jxoods which he has as executor lo a le^a1('(-; hii(, j^^enci'ally sjit-akiuir. an excculoi' or adininislralor in liis own life timo may disp(»se of and alien the fissots of tliu testator. lie lias uhsolute ])ower over thciu for tliis purpose, iuid they Ciinnot he followed l.y the credi(or.s of (lie deceased. i'arr v. Xcioniii, sniira. •I lO. It may lie ]ii'o])er to consider how the properly Ifou- wliicli ihe executor oi* a(lministral use as liis otlier iii;li lir sIliII lir iit'coiiii I :i I >ii' lnr iis \;ili:i'. :iiii| 1 lirii Itiif ,1 ci'cdihir III' liic lrsl;it(ii' cmiiikiI liv licri Ijiciii-^ rxccuhd (HI ;i JlKlj^liHill rrrn\ri'r(| ;i^;iiiisl liir rxccii I iii'. lake siK II iii(iiic_\ as (Ir liniiis irslaloris in rxrciil inn. I!ut sr.' /« //((//. //. i;; c. i». C'.m;. ii i ilur ili( (1 iii'li lit( il to tl (^ (xccuto . Kx.'cut.^r i I I S(1 if llic loll siii'i'ii-c ' '''■ ' '"' '"^' fill or iiol lia\iiiii ccail V iiioikv of I lir l< si a I of. or (•liMii.l I"! for aii\ oilirr uood reason, shall pav a \ the more ad and oiioraliini of ihr law; in I ho toi nior ca? his flection, and in the Jailor the imri 'peiaiion o\' law sha;! '>o o(|iiivalent to a judi^'inont and exet-ntion • ntrn Itmni v. Hi (/>, t < ' Wlu I Hi. So ill llio (ase of a lease |o tlie foslaloi'. d( liav, all' \ ohi'd oil 'lie «'Xerni(>r, sneli in'otits onl\ as ex. . ed lln- \«arly valvio sliall be held to hv asseis; ii ther<'f(»re I'oi i«.\\s iliai il' the oxeeiitor \>u\ the rent out of his own jMU'se the protiis to t ho same anionnl slmll hr his. ni,l jouli'.rUi.-^. Wn ■|(;>. .N.vun.r 441. If a testator's i^oods bo sold \iioier tiori facias. i:iv buy "^"'■'■' ilie i'Xi'cnfnr as w(dl as auv other pe^Noii niav 1 ii,\ Nurh luiv -.1(1 ..roods of ilio sheritV, and in ease he does so. the prop, rt y whicli was vesled in him as exeiiilor shall be niriiOil iuto Lis ow n property. IT Mil andfi n. t, 1 i V i:sr,\iM (I I". I.-.!) I l.». As ;ili cxrciitdr. w lid IS ;i!s(> :i |c;j;i("(', iii;i \ , |i\ A.liiiiin-- I i.itcii iiiav ii-^sciil irii: Id his d\\ n Ir^.icv, \csl I lie lliiii'^ Im'i|iic;iI ln'd ,„'.(iiji.' ill liiiiiscir ill Mil' ciicirjlv dl lci:;itrc; sisl fihiil idii. iiiiiv .ici|iiir<' ;i ii,i;;il lillc in iiis dU ii ri;ilil Id "^dods ol' liic «|i'- I i;isc(| cillicr liv l.ikiiiLi ili'-iu li\ nil ni^irciiii-iil willi lii"- I'liirM's rnlillfd Id s|i;iic wiiji iiiinscir iindiT iIk' slnliilc, dii'\('ii willidiil siirli nLii'ci'Mii'iil , liv ;i|i|>id|ninl iii»r llifiii ;is his d\\ II shni<'. / ihoi, V. A',////., 7 :\I. A- W. :ii:i. IH». Allrr ;idiiiinisli;il idii is ;:in!itcd ttic inNTcHt- '''•*'^'^»''< "f <'\i('iit')i' df inc ndiiiiiiisi inldi- in Ihr iiiojirilv ol rm- di'iT;is«-d i-*;uiclii(l- i'i|ii;il Id niid wilh iIm' inlcifsl dl' :in cxrciittir. I''\\.\. •117. A lcs|:il(»|- ddsiii'd lh;il iiis cNcciildis shoiiNI Win iv nu sill ;iiid dis|idsi' (.!' his hind, nnd lliiMi n|i|Miiiilcd I In^ni j,,^!,,!, i,,,, Id i'\ci-iiic ;in\- dci'ds I hnl in it: hi lir ncccssniN Id I li<' i>uy ''", i'""' ' ' "lily. rliiiscf. lidd, liinl Ihc ( \criildi-s lddl^ lid inli'icsl Iml ;i iiii'ir |id\\cr, .ind (()nsd(|ii«'iil I V ih.il iIh\ roiild iml dis li.iin (df iciii ncrniiiiL; in iIhmp own liiiic. licidic llir hind \s;is Sdld. Su-linll V. Cnl/iT, .'. r. ('. u .")•;!. ■li.S. If ijiidci ;i will n li-iistrc lijis ;i discrclidii id''"'iiiuill M"i inti-1- Sill dl- M(»l Id sell If;ll rslnlc, ! lie ( 'dllll will lldl i 11 h T - t.-i.. with lilc h\ its ;id", ire d|- direction, luit will |r;i\c l he I llisd <• ',,''"^,']'| '"" Id cxt'icis*' his disri'ci i-I jidiidd iIh di\i-~idii df Ihc I di[iiis iiiiiil nl'lcr lln- ||i:il li df I he '< ifd. Hfld. Mini ihd wil'r w;i< i>»>t lnMind Id rlcii tictwccn lui- ddWdi' ;ilid lln- 1 1 si n nnn I ;ii» Im-sI d w innit s. 160 KXKCl'Inl!^ AM) A DM I MM l!.\l( )i:s. fund III >t lllS|Ml^fll (■ (•\( m-i- tiii- tc.'~. ( : ft Wit sil • 1 r 1" ,|, 1 ,1 W 11' • 1 1>. Aliplira- tiull .f |ii'u|MTty ill pay- nii'iit I if • li'lits. /,',• (Jiiin/lii/, II nnh/i. ."> ( », 1{. III. distill ^iiislicd. 'I'llf jlKl^lllcllI ill AliKiirii \. A'///r. !) (). Ix. lit |t. Ill, ri>ri( clcd. 1 ■('!/■■< V. '//((' I'lirniitd (icHcnil 'rnixtx t'n., 22 O. H. 'iU3. i;i:vi:i'i( I \i, i \i i;ki:st. 'I»>0. Wlicic ;l will docs nut disiMisc ol' tlic v> linli |tci'S(ili;ill \ , the < Xcciit i»!S ;i|i' tfllstci-s I'oi' llic tii'Xl (if kin. unless tin- will t\|iicssly shows iluit the tcslatof intended tlle,\ sliollld t.ike llie residue lielletiiiilli\ .* 'I'liorjic \. SliilliinitDli, l."i Cliy. H;j. 4m. A test.ltol , liv iiis will, niilile ;iii ;iliS(dule i:il'l of nil his |i!'o|ie|t\ to Ilis wile, silliject to the |i;iyilietlt of deiits, le;;;|ries. Illtieral Jltld I est a lllell I :l t V eXji ■|llat" and elTects liereliy de\ ised and lieipieal lied to her anion;: my said childicii in siicli a manner as she shall deem just ami eijiiiialile." Held, that this woiihl no! (M-eale a |irec;iior\ trusi. and that the wile took the luopertv alisoliilel V. If the <'irti!c interest in the sidijecl of tin iiilt is i:i\"'ii with super-added w(ir<|s expressin;: the llloti\e of the uift. of a colllideiit expectation liiat the suliject will lie applied for the heiielit of particular jK't- sons. Inil without in terms ciittini; down the interest Itefure t:i\cii. it will not now lie held, without nioie, ilu't a liiist has lieeii ihereh) ci'eated III re .\datiis and the iseiisiiipton X'estty. "JT < 'h. I >. ;!!ll. and in Ke lHu.iiles. (irt'Liory \. I'almonsoii, :i!l <'li. I ». '_'.".".. sjiecially lefeiied to and followed. Hank i\i Montreal v. Il,arn\ Is (J. K. -i'it;. •Sec. 7 of R. S. O. lS'.t7, c. T-'T, tiiu Devolution of Estates Act is it^ follows : The real iiiul yorsonal property of a deceased [lerson comprised in any residuary devise or beipiest shall (except so far as a contrary inten- tion si all appear from his will or any codicil thereto) be apiilicable rate ably according to their respective valnes to the payment A his debt>. R. S. O. 1887, c. 108, 3. 7. P^ bt is a-^ ksed ill Jiiiten- Ic ratu KSIATK OF. Hi I l.lii. A Ifsliilor (lr\isc.' ..f •■ fiiiiei-al char;i«'s and jnsi dflits." 'Tiie residne of iiis,.'||.t,,r,(i. I slate and iiropei'ly not reipiired for that iiiiii»ose he dis- jMised of as follows: To his wife all his hoiisejudd fnnii luie. his [lew in a named chiirch. and all cash in hand at his decease, also lo his w ife the entire, exclnsive and \in- (!i\idcd use (d' his house situate, etc.. lo liobl tile saiiic diii-iul. In order therefore to support and enforco 1he primary liability of llie ]it rsonal estate as between 11ie l-epresellt,lti\ I s of llie di ceased debtor, it is a rule in NKl!.\ri()N ol' 1!I;aI. KslWIK \',\ IIIK riCKSONAI,. I (Hi (If an tlH' n lilt' Ic in real (> s\is- e pev- itovs. ins it' licifs. lifir. ^ ■•ind (•(ini|M'll('(l him lo pav (lir di'lit uiil of tlic real asscjs. ilic Iicir nii.i;lil i't'c(i\rf ii diii ul' the assets in liir liainls of (lie I'M'ciiiin'; and liiis cxoin ml imi was i-xiondod iioi (MJv lo ilic ii"ii' al law, Inii also lo llic ^ciioial (Icvisff or a |iailiriil;ir di'X iscc. ^iilli.ii V. Iluii ■iicl;, ul mill. I»"»"». A^^ain. ii is discrci ionarv wiili a iiioi'l^a.ut'f MnttKa;,'..- w iicllici' lie will |ii'o(ccd for llio iTMiNt r\ of his niori;;a.ir<','.''.',';y' '' dclil aiiainsi ih.o iikhI •^aucd land, whicji lias roiii'' i o ;i'-^iiii-i . iho lirir of (|c\isr(' of ihc nioii n;|n(,|'_ ,,]■ ;in:iiii>i| |iis,i,i,t. oxoculoi'. Toil if ilio nioi'l^ancc I'ccovcrs auainsi Ihc land, llio heir oi' di'\ iscr shall, nnh'ss Ihc casi- romcs wilhin liio slalnlf. he icimlinixd onl of i ho |ici>oiial rslalc of iho nioiM;;a;^or. Kiii ihi- land caniioi ho ox iiiH i';ii( d onl of ihc |)ci-soiial cslalc lo liic |ii'i jiidicc id' any |icisoii havia;:' a jniin' claim lo lie salislicd. iind Hii'icl'oi'c Ihc licii' or dc\ iscc shall noi sluml in liic place of Ilic morit^aLice aiiainsi ihc personal as^cis if liy s(» doiii;^- he would disappoini any cicdiior or any legatee. c\( cpi ihe residuary le;:alce or llii widow's claim lo paraphernalia. l.ijiliiiiij \ l.ij'pi I'll, A\'iiis. I'.U'i. 'tan. If a crediloi- with a licncral lien (Ui land as ai'ivait.ir mere hond creditor I'ecoNcrs tin- hond dchi against ihc ^,.,„'.,.;,i real csialc dexiscd. the dc\ iscc will he elltillcd to exou- '"■",!"'" eiaiion out (d' the personal estate to the disappoinlmcnt of Licncral Icj^iK ics. ln»7. The dc\ iscc \\onld lie entitled lo eoiilpid ihcU'vi-"- siM'citic leualccs to coiilrdmie to the ]iayiiicni ot t he ,.,,tj,|,.,| ,,, deht, not whollv lo cxoiicrate ihe land. >M„,|M.i c VI ilii 1 M- lIi',i. / '/ ///, Photogmphic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY 14580 (716) 873-4503 &. Wr i/i %. .<> v^ ](>4 KXFXUTOIJS AM) AI).MINISTIUT< »U.S. covenants Uk' pjivmenl of (lie portions of cliiklr* n or widow's jointure; or, if u person makes a voluntary ^ift by way of cliai-jic and covenants for the payment of the money, the hind will lie the primary fund for payment, for in this (ase the ehar},'e is in its nature real and the covenant only ai! adl li al and in-rsonal he paid piy, and the really is liable ciiily in ease n( a di'lii-ieiicv. Jhiridsiiii V. ]{ii())nir, 17 ("Iiy. ">()!.», in app. IS Chy. 475. A testator hv li ill bequeathed eerlaiii legacies of diffenMit aniounis to his sons nnd dauKhters. and directed his " real and per- sonal property " to be sold by auetion, and tlieii idded, " .\nd the lioiiseliold furniture also to b(< sold by auction, and the proceeds of tlie sale to be eriually divided aiiionpst my dan^ditors." Held, that tlie legacies to tile sons and daughters were payible out of the mixed fund of real and personal estate. lu n iUUhri^l-liuhn v. I'ufc, 2.?* f'liy. 7\,'1A. A testator liy bis will after directint; ]mvniont of bis debts liv Ills exenilors. jxave his personal estate ind the dwidlinj: house with the land occuiiied therewith, to his wife for 'ife. and after her d.'cense to his daiiirliler y\.. and pave >r. a lejracy of ,S2.000. He (lieu devised the residue of his real estate to liis executors in iriist. to loaso Pimp and pay the interest to his wife for life, and after lier death, to sell same and divide proceeds liotwoon his childror. EXONERATION' OF HEAL ESTATE IIY THE I'EUSOMAL. 105 slmro nnd sliarc alikt'. At llic fiiiit' of Icslutor's dt'iitli, tlio imtsoii.iI csiatf was of small vain**, mnl was cxcccdril liy tin- ainoiml of ilu' lirlils; ami it did imt appt-ar wlu-tluT, wlit'ii the will was rnadi', the testator littd siifticient persunal ustate out of wliicli the le^vcy could bo Itaid. Held, lint .M., could not claim to have the !i«2,0ttO pjiid out of the picic'cds of the real ('Stall' devised to the executors, hut that tlicrt? should lie no reducli''U fi'om her share liy reason of the real estate devised lo her. Held, also that the chddreu of a deceased child toidv the share of llie jiroceeds of the real estate which their iiireiit was entitled 'o. Tot ten v. Toltiii, '20 O. It. "jOn. I'n duets and services chnrKi'd on land. A testator hy his will devis«'d his farm to Ids grandson charued with the supply of <'ertaiii products and personal services in favtuir of a diuKhler and jjranl (lauirhter. On a disayrroenient lictween the parties a tender of tlie products and services was made and lefused, and in action was hrouirht to have them d«>clared a charge on the land, and lor a money conipeiiMa- tion. Held, that the refiisil of the products did not deprive the plain tills of the ri>;ht to recover their value, Imt that they were not entitled to rompensati(Ui for the persracy. The daujihlei- pre dccea.scd the leslatipi-, Icaviii!.' two cliddreii to whom tlie lot descended. On ail .•ipplicatioii by the executors at the instance of tile Olli-ial Ouardiiiu, It was: Held, tliat It WIS the tluty of the executors to sell the lainl and pay the legacy. //. /;./(/(., •_••_' (►. U. .V.C. •Ii51>. \jiiiiii. if ii iii;iii liii.vs ;iii cstjilc stiltjcct \n Jin Estate fxi.siiiiji' iiioit^tioc. the land niMiiins the proper fiintl ff^'^ul existintj its (lisclinru(>. iiiid the lu'ir of (Icvisct," of tlie luucliiisci '"""'t^'iw- liiiinot throw Uie th'hl on the personal estate ii"; ihe priniiii y fund for piiynient. So if tin esttite descends on nn hc"ir-at-law, or is devised charged wilh a iuorl;,'ii{^« deht, iiikI the heir or de\ isee dies lea\ inj; the debt unpaivill lie tile same if a Itond or note of hand is ^iven h,v 1l:e heir or devisee for the pavineni of dehts or lejf;iries ('hai';!:ed on tiie land. Allhon<;h the debt is not originally the debt (d' the party, yet it is o|>tional in him by the HnUicient testimony of intention to i-ender the (h-bt his own. in which case his personal estate will, as between his ical and peisonal representatives, bec7, c. I'is, are as follows : .*iT. NNIirrc any pcrsnn jms dicil siiicf tho .'{1st iliiy of I><>c(>imIi<- -, lS(i.">, or luMTMflcr ilifs scisni of or » iitilli'd lo ;iiiy csijiU' or iiitcrt'si in any real cslalc wliidi at llio tii f liis dfatii was or is cli.-irfn il Willi the iiaynicnt ol' iiiiy sum or sniiis of money liy way of mori KiiK"'. iind' siirii person lias not liy liis will or dccil or otlier iloni men! si^niliril any t-ontrarv or oMiir intention, tlie In'ir or devise*' to wlioin sncli I'eai estate descends or is devised shall not lie entitled to liiive the niort^'a^'e delt diseliarKed or satisfied oiii of the personal estate, or any oiher leal estate of sneli person, ImiI tlu' real estate so eliar^'ed slnill, as lielween the dilTerent person^ elaiiniiiK tiironKli or niider tlie deeeised person tie primarily lialile to the paxnienl :aj;ed delits eharjied on the t\liol« thereof. (*_M XotliiiiK herein eontain"d sliaii aiTect or diminish any iIkIiI of tile mortjfajroo on siieli real estate, to ohlaln full pnyinoiit or satisfaetifin of lils mortj:a>;e delit, either out of the personal estate of the person so dying as aforesaid or otherwise; and nothing lu'roin KXoNKKAiloN <»1' HKAL KSIAIK MV TIIK I'KIISON A I-. itJiiiiPil shall iifl'tTl the lit'litH of iiiiy piTsuii .Iniiiiini; iimliT m- K) |,v virliH- nf jiiiv \v 111, il 1 (.1- (Idcniin'iit mutli- lii'I'nrc tin- lirst day of .laiiuar.v. |S7I. K. S. < ». ISMT. ■•. I'-'S. s. I , lll'.l. s.s. J». (."li WlnTi' any imtsdh illcs on i>f a IT (•_'». (s. :;7, U. S. (). 1SS7 I'tiM- till' l.'tth flay (>r Aiiril. .\U<> li sami- inanniT as ihcy wdiiM lie applli-ali|«' if .'.iich cliarKi- wcr noi-lirav't'. K- S. < >. iS'.tT. <•. I'^s, s. ."." (:'.i. lOnt. A. Is, lS!t t, r. |.», .s ■I). IS. In tin' roiislnn lion of any will or (iccil, or otliiT :"ncral ilircctioii that the delds, or that all the dcl.t.s of the testator shall ihut l«' paid ont y \'. c. (ills. 1 ay of mort^'aKe on r.ny pait of his n-al estate. It. S. (). |S!»7, e. =''"' '"•l IL'S (s. .".s. K. s. (». ISST liK»). ;u. nu i. ;; t l«2. S(( lion ;17 ol" (lit' Wills Act wliii' jiiuvmIch I'.ifect of ilin Dev. ,.f t iii(ii-tj;jij;t' (Icitls Jilt' priniiirilv chMr.m'itlilc on the iNt.iio l.imls. i.s not jillVctiMl l»y the Dovolntion of Kstatcs Act. Mtmon V. Muitnii, 17 <). It. ."{Uo. All. ^ecllon .'il of the Wills Act: Held, noi in ;ippl.\ lo cases where I,:iii the land is cliarKed with the performance of an ol>li::,iiion oi I he piiymelll of liKjue.'. her lh,in^''l'V'«''' th p.lVniellt if In ,1 c;ise sncll as snir^'esled. where the stalllle WIS held not to •ipl'l.^. 'I was considered no har to the cliiir;ree's ri^hl to lie paid out of the personal estate of the iniesiaie, ihat lie was himself aNo heir- It-law of the intestate. laialir V. tilalir, '6 Cliy. Chniub. 1. f(- lllj^pp; IGH KXKCUTOIIS AND AhMINISTUAToHS. I' CIIAPTKIi VII ( 'liiiniant with two !• \\\ ((IlltV II cDiitri llc'Cli, MAHSIIALI.INC. ASSMTS. •lOJI. If a cliiimaiil lists two IuimIs (o which lie nuiy I'csoi't i\ pci'soii liavinp; an iiiln-cst in oik' has a I'i^ht In (•oinpcl iht' loriiuT lo resort to Ihc olhci", if tliaL is ncccs- sarv l'(»r ihc salisfaclinii of holli. -lO-l. Tl'iis piiiicipie is not coiiliiicd to tlic adniinis- 1 ration of tlic estate of a |>ei'son deceased, but api>li«'S wiierevei- the eh'ction of a partv liavinjj; two funds will disappoint tiie dainianl liavinjj: the sin<.>le fund, and acconlinjilv i!m' Court of Mnuitv will, if necessai'v, conticd that election, and coin|)el the one to resort tu liiat fund which the other cannctt reach. lint the more j^eneral luaclice is lo juotc. t the claimant on the sint^le fund by inarsliallin;;' the assets. 40»>. If the vend(U' of an estate the contract for paid lint (if whicli was not completed in the lifetime of the lestaler, |«'l'S(itlill .>t:Uf. who was the puichasi-r. is afterwards paid his purchase money out oi the .personal assets, the simple contract creditors of the lestalor shall stand in tin* jdace of the vj'iidor with respect to his lien on the land sold against the devisee of that estate. .V(7//.i/ V. Nr/^i/, 4 ltiis«. ("Ii. ('as. .^:?t}. riiicliasc llliilli'V III SiH'citic ilcvi-:t' and s|il'Clli<: Iriratcc. 4IM». A similai" e(]uity will be extended in favoiir of le};atees; thus, where a specialty ci'editor, who has a jieiH'ral lien on the real estate as a creditor by bond, in which tlu' dec( ased bound himself and his heirs, receives satisfaction out of the pei'sonal estate, and th nt'diloi' ;is iij^Minst llic i«'iil iissrts wliicli luivo «1os«'oim1«'»I In I lie llcil'. Hut where I he i-eal estjile (hn'S not th-Mcelul (o the lieir, Init is nl exteinls l(» lands wliich pass under a rt'siduary devise. iMiivi/lrld V. Imiiil'lni, L. U. Cnlli. VM\. 'M»T. Willi icspecl to specilic lejiatees 1 he assets \».t tM,ir's"-iHriil thill the (levisee and specilic legatee shall each, in pi'o- portioii to their lesjiectixe jiifls. contrihute to the pav- nielll of the specialtv llfiiv. l.'.O. 401I. If a leasehold estate, suhjeci to a morl-|!|,'.'^,'^'^'j,^f;" • luenlly the itecnniary legacies are entitled to have ihe assets marshalled, and to stand in the place of the mort jjajice as aj^ainst the leaselwdd estate. Johiixou V. t'liild, I Hiirc. ST. •i^' I'.ii 11 170 1: Ni) ni.ir- sliuUiii^' in favom' (if ;i i-liiiritv. i:.\i;cu'n»i{s and ai).ministi{at()|{s. 47 I . Wlifrc <>iu' oi' more Ic^fiicics arc clini'ticd on llu; real cslal'', aii.s entitled to have the assets marshalled so as to stand in the place of creditors a^'uinst the real estate ho far as the debts, funeral and ti'stamentary expenses had been paid out of the personally. Ill re Salt ; Urotliirood v. KeeliiKj (18',».')), 2 Ch. 203. 4TJJ. The < 'onrt 'Nvill not maishall assets in favour of a chaiitalde l)e<]i)est, so as to give it etVect out of the per- sonal assets, it bciny; void so fai- as it touches an} in terest in land. fimimunt v. Oliivra, L,. K. 4 L'b. 'M\). Marshalling. In re Stacblor, lit A. It. ::(i(i. Where a testator jjave to a charity after n pecuniary lej^acy all the residue of her personal estate, " save and except such parts tliereof as cannot by law be appropriated by will to charitable purposes." Held, that the^iftof the residue did not operate as a direction to inarshall the estate in favour of ^he charity, and that the impure per- sonalty passed to tlie next of kin. In re SDmer-'^Corku ; Wegg Prosser v. WeggProaer (189.")), 2 Cb. 4iy. PART III CIIAPTKU I DiriKS OK ENKCUTOHS. 1. FL'XEUAL 47i{. II is now jU'oposcd 1«> «()iisi(l('r llic duties of Knufii.l M' .•111 excculor or )i«liiiiiiisliiilor, iiiid lirsl, lie nnisl Itiirv ij„,it i ilit' «l«((its»'il ill it iiiiiiiiK'f siiilalilc k) liu' cslaU' he ii ;i\( s lieiiiiMl him. Fninrjil expenses, siivs l.oid Colve. :ii((i|(liiin to the de^ilM'e iind «illillily ot' the (h'ceiised iire lo he allowed of tlie fioods of the (h-eeiised lielore iiliv nin, liii^in^' the bell, and the olliees of the parson, clerU ainl Im areis; but not foi* Ihe |>all or ornaments. Shi Ih/'s ('(ISC, 1 S 11 IK. 2. INVENTORY, 471. 1 xeeiilors niiisl make a t rue and I terfeet in liiMnidiy ventory of all t^oods an (it ill ion < Jillin;,' for iIm- invent on, the Court iuis fre(|neni- I.v refused to (-nforee the exhil>ition of :in inventory. The pjiilies \vh(> niJi.v be eile. Allhou;ih it cannot be said that the rejiistra- (i(m of iIk' will is acliiallv the duty of th« exeoitoi', no nim-e appro|>iiat* place than the present can be f(Mind for statiuff the mode i»rovided by our statutes for re<;isterin<; wills, and the elVect (d' reJ,Msterin^^ K. S. (). ISIlT, c. l.'if.. The Resist ly Act provides as follows: 7(». (1) lOvciy will sliiill Im' it'^istcit'il Ml full IfiiiTlli liy tlic pro (liK'tiDii (if tlu' oriKiiiiil will iiiul tlie i>y uiic of the wiliicssfs to tlie will, provini! tiic (hie cxci'iitiiiii tlii'ifuf Ity tlu' testator, or liy the proihictii n of probate or letters of Miliniiiistration. with the will annexed, or an exeinpliticntion thereof mulei- the seal of any ("0;^ in this Province, or in (Jreat Hrllain ami Ireland, ov in any IJrilish i)rovince, eolony, or pnsses.sion, or in any forei>.'n connti'y liavinj: juristlieliou therein, and by tlie de|iosit of a ropy of the prf)liate, letters of adininlsf'T,- (ion, or exeinplltication, with an atlidavit verifying' siicli eopy. ii! hi J M- KIIIKS (»K KXKCIIOIIS. 17:{ CJi Wlii'ii' tin- tn|iy nl' II will i.r cif led. is df im.liiiti' i>r jt-ttPrH Itfjfi^t .1' nlltllilli^^tl'!ltil>ll lllis Jlllltrliid |i) it, \\ llfll lilt nr iifl'iT<)| fur ra- til III "f wil ill IrU istr*. an iiliiiliivli m- slnliilnry ilfiliiriilluii liv tin- fxcriitur nr tiNiMinr a.liiiliilslniliir I.I till' fITcct timl, iiltrr iiiiikliii; llu- will, the ifstiitoi- ''","* "'•""' HllllM- 1 iiiivc.vril 111' iiiiilfil Willi IiiikIm in Ilit- will ilrsnilicil liv hii'iil iIcmitiii ,|ii,.||| cov- tinii. tiiKJ thill II WHS nut iiili'ix!. •; m- ili'sirni that lhi> rcuistriit ion •■■miiI In cf Ihc will sliinihl iifl'i'il -ii.li liimls. ami il', in iiililitlon. it iiii|i«'!IIh li> ihc rci-'islfrcil entries !es|ieetlnr such himls Ihlll Ihe lesllltnr li.nlt |i;iiii'" !i will whirh has nut heeii iHlmilleil tn pmlnite has heen .Suhse- I eL'istei'eil in the niiiiiiiei" hereinhel'nre prn\ ided in juiv re;:lstry 'ia''iit ii'jfisfra- divisinn, siieh will may he ri'Kislered in any niher re;:isliy divi tiun uf w dl sinll, liy the depnsil nf a eiipy the] f, eerlilied under the hand hi nthir and seal nf tlie re^'istrar nf tlio divisinn !ii whirh siii-h tii'st nun Honed re;; ist I'll I inn tnok plaee. til lie a trne mpy nf ihc will, a- reiiirded in tli(> said registry divisifiii. and llio reiristi-ar shall in his eerliticate state iluit an allidavit prnviiiK tlio due exeeiitlnn nf the will hiis heell de;iiisited ill Ills iillice. (>nl. Stats. IS'.i;',, f. 1 I. s. L'lt. 71. T.ett'^i's of ndininlstrntinn wliieh. under the Devnlntlon «f lieiristia iii:i>tty di\ i^iniis. tinll I if •ttiis nf llstates Act. affect latids. may li(> rcirislored in the sanio' inannrr as iirnhiitos nf wills arc now rc^ristered, and the re;:istrar shall he iidiiiiiii> liatinii. ilitle(l tn (diiirKc fnr rctristcrin^ letters uf adnilnlstratinn. withniit vfV. Sl;it. ;i will annoxod. inclndin;: all entries in rospcct llicrenf. ji fee nf nne ,. ]■>- dnllnr. Out. Slat. IS'C;. c. L'1, s. 71. 4TO. Tilt' follow in;; cliinsos I'clnlo 1o llio ('(Tt'ot of r«'fj:isl('i'iiij; a will : S!>. All wills, or tlio prol).T(cs thcrt^if. registered wilhin the sp.ncc \\ji| jc, l,. rf^'i>ti'ri-d f twelve ninntlis next after tlio d(>ath of the testator, shall be as"!-,. ..„,«.., . . 1 i . , within 12 alar and crfcctnnl ntrninst stiliscqncnt purchasers and iiinrt>.;a>rcp.s. „|,,„[||.^ IS if the siiino had been ropistcred inmiediat(d.v after siidi (lenlh, frnm death itid in case the d(>visec. or person interested in the lands devised' nf te.Htiltnr. if 'MV^ fiilj^ 17 4- KXK- said liiiif li.v ri'tisoii ni' tlir rniiltsiiii^ III' siK'li will III- liv liny iiilni' iiifvitiilil)' ililllnilly williKiil liis m- liir wiliul m ^.-li'ii ur tit't.nilt, tlu'ii tin- ri'KiMinuiiiii iM' llic saini' wiihiii ilic simrc i>\' iwilvc iii>.iitli-< iK'Xl iit'ltT Ills iittiiiiitnt'iit v( sikIi will or iniiluilc lIn'iiMif. or tlii> rciiioviil i>r lilt' iniix'iJiiiM'iit iiritri'stiiil'. sliiill lir n siilllrifiil i'okIm- tiiitiiiii uilliiii Ihf iiiciiimiK i>( ihis All. Out. Siiil. IS'.l."'.. r. LM. s. Nti. ISivrJMtin- !•■_'. riic ifKislnii jcpii <>( imy iiisliiiiiii'iii. iiihIit ilii-; Ai .\'t Unt. M:il. iv,t;;. r. -Ji, s, S{», llotllT, IllllTlilf- t;it ion "Will.- '17T. I'.y llic iii(('i|»r('l;irKiii scriimi ill of lln- Ari. " iiistninitiil " iiirlmlcs "will. |inihiil»' nf will, ;ii-iinl nf iidiiiiiilsliJil i(»ii.'" .\ls(i iIk' \V(ii-(I " will " iiuliKics pi-oltiilt- (if will iiiid r\riii|ilili('iiti()ii Ml- iiMliii'iiil m- iM-Milioiiiitotiiil i()|ii<-.s (if iM-dliiiic (if will, iiiul l<'lt( rs of :ii]iiiiiiistrati()ii with llic will iinnc.xc*!. iind iinv devise wliereliv Imids .-iie dis|Mised of or iilVected. prop <-rlv. l!r;.'islr,ilioii of will. o \( /■/ V. nut II. 17 <>. I! I. iN'sruANCF-: ov iMtorr.uTY. IT.H, .\n execiilor Wiis fonnei-ly in donld wlielliep ii w;i,s witliiii the scope of Ills duly to insure jirciniscs. piirl of I lie esliile. Tills doiihl is now removed Ity llic f(dlow in;;' clansc. w liidi is einliodied in The Tnisiee .\(l (K. S. < ». ISI»7. (-. ILMM: ."1. (1) It sliall lie lawful for, Imt not olplJL'iitoiy upon, a triisln- IIMstll' to injure trust to in iiirc ,-i;,'ainst Ions or il.-iiiii liv tiro ii!i\ liiiililliii: or otln-r In iralilo propi-rty to any ainoiint ( iiirliiilliiK tin- anioiiiit of any in- pioptrty snranro alroail.v on foot) not i-xi-ecilintr tlu-ci- niiial foiirtli parls nt laip. Act i'.t. Ilio full v.-iliK^ of snrli liiillilliiLT oi- property, ami to jiay tlio pn-niinnw for siicli insiirniiii' out of tin- iinonic thorcof or oat of the iin-onn- of an." :itlier proporty, siili,ii-i-t to tlio same trusts, without olitaininu tln> roiisoiit of an.v person cMtitlMl wholly oi- pai'tly to siidi inroino. (1!) This section shall not ajtply to any Iniildiii;: or i)i-<>perty with h a. trustee is hnnnd forthwith to convoy ahsolntely to any cestui (|ue trust npi'ii lieiii^ rci|iieslcil to do so, Onl, .Vets, ISOl, c. I'.t. s. \'2. !'. TIMS (»l Kxi:. TIh' coMHtwjut'iKM's of ti fiilliiro to iiiHurc or ktcp illMllrd, liiilV ill suliic riiSfS lit- I't'iMlrirM li'ss niicitnis hv llir t'nllnwill^ scrlioli iif the .1 Ihlicill lllf Art. I(. S. ( >. |S!»7. r. ."il. ;»> rill' 1 1 mil «".nirt >liiill liiivc pnwcr l<> nlicvc nu'iiiist n for iNli' f rcKiirc Itii' ItiMHli of a ((ivciiiiiil or (•(•iitliiinn in any liasc to i""^'""'" '/,,,'/,. Ipn-,. n.'ii'nMi loss or (lainaKi' •'>' tirt*. win-re im loss or (Jai'iaL.'!- Iiy lire Iim"* Inimli uf (I i\ iiiantH {•I iii-iiif lia'i|i)'ni'i|, in (K. S. ( ». lS!t (. <• I. Til ■Iti. ill riTsiiiial |iio|icrly in iln> sole |Miss('~slon. up iinilrr tlio snif ciinlrol (if any inTson or as Iriisici'. unariliaii. I'xrriiior or ailniiii' i-iralop, shall lie assrsscil a^rainst siirli ihtsuh alom'. (Hi Wlicro a |ifi-si>ii is asstssi'd as tnistio. Lrnanliaii. csirut'ir or ailininistratur. Iio sliall lio asstssi'ij as sin li. with the aihlitinn to his naiiic of his rcpi-csi'iilal i\ (• 1 haiaiifr. ami smh asscssnirni >-hall III' carried out in a sf|iarati' liin' fruiii his Imliviilnal asscss- imnt, ami ho shall lio assrssnl for the \aliii' ol' roal ami iiiTsoiial .'S tall' hold hy him. whctlitT in his iiidi\iiliial nanii'. or in ruiijiiiirtion with others in snrh n'|iii'seiilatl\e iliaraetcr. at the lull \alm' ilnieid'. or for the |ir(i|iei' |iro|icirt ion thereof. If other residents uilliiii the sanii' niiiiii<-i|iality nre joinees ,>i e\l ellt'il, etc. I'lr-nllS a-^x'^sed ii« tni>tei'S ele. to have their rep- resentati\e ehanicter .IttiM-hed to their names. 0. coi.i.ErrioN (ir asskts. 4HI. Tlic iicxi (Inlv of llio cxocntor or ndiiiinis Kx.enti lliitor is to collcrt 111! lilt' oii,h|s :iii(I rliiittcis so ilivcii loii«'(l, for tlijit jmrpos*' Tim' liiw invests him with hifoo- |i(»\\<'i's. iiml it is iiHiiiiilx'iit upon him to iiviiil himsflf of liis iiiitlioiitv with i-ciisoiiiililc (lilijj;t'iic(' in the collection of the elTeets of the deto.nsetl. must leet illlltte «.' i 11" 1 !l Pl( it i^^' w (!' i!i|: 17(> KXKf'rTollK AND ,M)M I N IS'IU AT(»1{S. IH*2. 'I'licri'loic it \>\ imdiily deliiviiij; l<» hriii^x an |ii|'siillilll\ liiihli' for iictioii tlic cxcrutor «»r iMliniiiisltiitoi' liiis niiibh-d ii rrcdildt' of III*' drcciisi'd to :iviiil liiinsrlf of the Sliihllr of Liiiiilnlions. Ilic rxcciiUu' or iidmiiiistrnlor will hi- person;) ll,\ liable lliniiiditl V. Kinxiji, pj Mml. r)T.">. K\i'ciitiii' I'^XCiMltnr must rcasniiiilil rs slionl.l proctM-d with i>roniplilnd(' lo xiivis.' ^ realize the assets ; and tlu' law presumes that, as a {general I'ulo, a year sliouM Itc stilllicieDt for this imrpose. Tli(\y should exorcist' a reasoiialtlc discicliou as to suiii;; dob loi's. ami preserve e\ ideiiee of having' done so in (he ease of nn col lei led (h'bls, t he onus of proof bein^ oiMheni, and liol on ihe le>^':alces. Ilnl where Ihe result pi'oves nn- f(»rlunale. I hey are nol char^-fd with the loss, thouj^h (he Couil should not coiunr in the pro|»riety of the eonise. which, in the bona tide exercise of ilieir disere 7, <'. 1LI!>. is as follows. It is inlend<'d for the ju-oteciion of persons payin;^' money to others w ho aic trustees. Ivcciiiit iif <» Tlie 1kiii!1 fulo iiayiniMit of any money to, .and tlio receipt I,' ,"!»»■' .'''„.\\ tin roof by any person to whom the same is payable. ni)on any cx- ilischarKis press or implied trnst, or for any limited purpose, and snch payment to and receipt by the survivors or survivor of two or more mort pajrees or holders, or the exeentors or administrators of sueh sur- vivor, or tlieir or his assigns, shall cffeetually dis(har;;e the person pay'np the same from seeing to ttie application, or being answfTal)le for the misapplication thereof, unless the contrary is expressly d(>- clared liy th*" instrument creating the trust or seciirity, R, S. O. 1897, c. 12<), s. it (s. 8, R. S. O. 1SS7, c. 110). n DUriKS OF KXECUTOUH 177 7. I'AYMKN'T OF SiJUCESSloN DITIKS. 'IH*^. One (if tlir lirsl - < !o\ niiiiit III (III ( sliilcs (tf jici'Sdiis (l('cc;is('(|, wlii'ii lliosc csliitcs rciicli :i ccrliiiii viiliic. As liu' :iiiM>iitit is !;ir;;c ii is (Miiy in cxccplioiiiil cases Dial llic (|ii('sli<»n immmI he I iiiisidcrcd. r.iil, iis in llicsc cxim |»li(»niil cases llic in Icicsis inv(dvcd arc of iiii|Mirlancc. a clear iindersland- inir of llie sco|M' and inlenlioh of llie Succession DiilicH All is \('r\ necessarv. A Irsl.iliir ilcvi-^cd :il|il lii'qiitM llicd :ill Ills rcil .'iihI liiTsunjil <'st;ll(> (n hi- t'M'cilldi's iiliil Inislccs fur till' iiiir|(iisc nf |i:iviiiu M iiilinlici' of lic<'lllli;ir.V ii'HIK'ics, some (n jifrsniuil IcK.'llrcs, ;ni4 (.".7 & TiS \i(l. c. :{(>). there were live kinds of duties jiayahle on tlic (h'ath of a testator or intestate, known as jU'ohate, Mecoiint. le;iacy. su( cession and estate duties. The i>ro- I'iite and account daties were ]iayable out of the jieneral iissets of the deceased, tin? l(-j;acy, suc( ession and estate (liilics wei'e payable by the jiersons who lienelitled by the leiracy or succession. I'robate duly was liist intro(bice'tiiiit iiiii of |ii'iilp:iti duty. K^tatcs /ittr (tiitn lie. KXKt'UTOUS AND AI).MIXINTI{Alo|{S. '1.H7. I'loliiilc t (■» & (I Wiliiani and Mai-y, e. LM). It was calh'd beeanse it was eolh'cted by means of a slam|» impressed on the j;i-anl of probate or h'tlei.'^ of adiiiinistralion, >\n-\\ stamp . I'robate duly may be detiiied to be tlie i>i-ie<» |taiate or aroperty which it the time of the death of tVie deceased was per.vonal estate in the eye of the law. Thus real i>rop<'rty which the dec<'ase«l had contracted to sell was charji'eable with duty, so also was a share in the asssets of a parliiershi|t. notwithstanding' that they con sisted of real property. -illO. Estates jiur autre vie in realty, althoufrh ai)plicablo by law as personal estate, continue in the eyo of the law to be real < state, and wore not eharjjeable with duty, nor did any direction of the deceased for converting? ♦ Soo Mt.-aru. V. lUiiwitd, 1 C'r. \- J. a( :'<1!». and Att.-Gni. v. Briit.iiiiKi. 4 H iV i\r. "M. As io eativte piir aiitro vie, see Chat/'u'ld v. licrchtohlt, L. R. 7 Ch. App. 192. DUTIES OF EXI-XUTCUS. 17!) ike u\ \\w Ithr Ion litli his real cslilc into iicrsonal cstjitc r«'inl(*r il chiir^cnblc will) (liilv if i( was in cITcrt iral t'slalt' when lie died, as, fur instance, a direction contained in the will for an iiiinn'diatc sale, •1!H. IM-oltatr diitv was, tlierefore, payable or nof V'"'"^'^' Iiavablc, accoidin;;- to what was the condition of the ]»ro- |,;,y;iM IK itv at tlie time of the death, if it was tlien persn:i 111 pi TMdll.ll ■- pMyal)l<' 'l!>2. V>\ peisoiial proju'riy was nnderstood every l'<'rK<.nai t.ltc interest of the deceased in. personal property, whether in .hiin.-d possession or remainder, whether vested or ('onliiij:;ent. jilso ]»ersoiial property of whicli the deceased disposed iiy his will niider a <,MM!(M'al power. •I!i;{. T»ropertv to wliicli the deceased was only ■|'ni-I. The principal Imperial Probate Act was "i I'r. ■liiitt lit- , (c) proi»erty passinj^- by a voluntary settlement with a res(M"vatioii of life interest to tin* settlor, or with any trust in favour of a vcdiinteer. and whether nia4, as will be seen lati r. 4f>T. Tveyacy dn<0. 20 tJeo. MI. <". L'S. The tax. after some chanj^es, was finally imposed as a duly on i)roperty actnally jiiven to or devolving; on the lej-atee oi' next of kin. 40H. Le^a-y duty wns charfjeable not only on lej;;i- cies, but iipoM jiifts surimarily liable to pay was the executor oi- administi'ator, 4!IO. Lejiacy »l»ity became i)ayable only iind<»r a will or an Intestacy — the term lej^acy bciufr ap])lied e(|ually to a share of personal pi'operty j)assinjj under an intestacy as to a ric:iii. doinicilcd in EnirlMud. in;iy hy his will Icnvo I'HIO.OOO (onsdls ti> a I«T.it<'<\ I'lit no Ii'ir.tiv dt-tt-ascd was Rritisii his assets niav enn sist (if foreiuM jroverninent secnritie; delits due from forei;;n('r; sliips fin th(> hit:li sens. Imt no matter wliat tliey are, so far as tlicy ixo to (he h'KMtee or nexl of kin h'):aey duty was iiayalihv Hanson (IS'.tT) p. 'JO. See Thnnisoii v. Attr. (hliil ■a I. V2 n. \- V 1 As to partnersliip interests out of tjie Tidted KinudoiM. see I'orlca V. Stivaiii L. U. 10 E.i. -ITt*. DUTIES OF EXECL'TOHS. 181 »50l. A l<'i;ji(v mav 1m' "ivcn two wnvs It mav bolluw a jiit't oiil of \\n- tcslatoi's niit of whirh ho liad p'twcr to dispose. •lOti. Where a h^j^ac y is ^iveii in exercise of aL.piicy tr |M>\v»r general power tlie h'^^atee tal0!i. In the owei'. Where a l^eneral power is created by a will, and is exercisable (illier by deed or by will, and it is, in fact, exercised by (Iced, the a|»i)oinieo takes simply under the deed. Itut if ;i special power is created by a will, and is exercisable < it her by deed or by will, an-'. lil with *>04. Tlie person who, under a. will, took a limited r*«>;sroi»erty, whether lif also took a limited interest oi' not, which in default <»f niipointment wuit io him absolutely, then (]uite iiide |ieiidcnlly of his exercising the power he was held to have received the legacy under the original will. itU «itM,. HI., f. .V_». s. 18. >n iiifr till, interest 111 default of .•i|i|iiiint- '- iiifiit. i' -in till M 1S2 EXECUTORS AM) ADMINISTUATOHS. Mow SiWi. As to who was the h'^^atee iiinh-r a will the vMisiisicr rule was that the will alone was to l»e reyai'ded in ilelcr- '""""' ' niininj; who was the le};atee for the pnrpttses of duty. A testator niij:;ht ^ive i»roi»erty to A. on all kinds of secret tiusts. bnt A. wjiK the lejiatee, so far as the revenue was foncerned. Or, the testator niijiht direct the actual lejjjatt'e to be selected by his executors or otlu'r persons. and the person so selected was the le^ati'*' for such juir- poses. Cullrn V. Att.-diii. fur lichiiu!, I.. R. 1 Eng. iS: Ir. Aiip. IJMt. li.'Kiit.e 507. The legatee was none the less a lef^atee for Utiiftitof purposes of duty that he did not live to enjoy his lej^acy, K'Kiw^y- j^^mi ,11,] jj„^ dispose of it. The only (piestion beinji; whether the lejiacy must travel throu}?h his estate in order to jjet to the ])erson actually clainiinfif it Thus, where a test i- tor fjave the lejjfacy to a son, who died in the testator's lifetime intestate, leavinjf issu«', by virtue of the AVills Act the ii\U takinjj: elTect as if the death of the son had immediately followed that of the testator, the son was u lej^atee, and the duty had to be paid on the property as a legacy from the father to the son, and again as a legacy from the son to his next of kin. It was otherwise where a testator gave the legacy to A., or if he be dead to the persons who would have been entitled thereto if A. had died immediately after him (the testator), and A. died before the testator. In such a case the testator him self marked out the persons to take in the event which happened of A.'s death, and A. was not a legatee, and the legacy was considered to devolve directly to the per- sons indicated bv the testator. Duty ii iHTxonal c'liiirge. When duty ffll due. Set' Att.-Ui)). V. Lloyd, ISO.", 1 Q. R. 4nU. 50H. The duty itself was a jjersonal charge on the value (►f the legacy, calculated according to the relation ship between the testator from whom the legacy was taken to come and the legatee. 50». The duty fell due at the death, but was i)ay- able on the value of the gift or legacy as it stood »vhon DUTIfcS OF EXKCUTOHS. I8:i the (Inl.v was paid, that is, with all accrt'tioiis lo llic ui-i<:iiial ainouiil. 5IO. If a leuatc*' disc laiiii<'«l his h'j;acv no duly \vasL..fr,it... ( liarjicabh' in iTspoct ot it as a h'j;ar_v to hini. l)Ut \vlifi'ei„g i,.j{ji,.y (iiuc a l«'j;al«M' shctwcd his acrcpiance of a h'j;.i<'y. allh(Mij:h not actnally jiaid over, his cxcculoi's coiihl not (!is( laini it so as to alVcct the duty. If a Ic^ary was re- leased for s< ine eonsideration, or coniitoiinded for less than its value, duty was payable aecordinfx to the value of the consideiation or coniposilion. If a lej^acy was ^iven ill satisfaction of another lejiacy. duty was i»aid on the suhject yieldinj; the larj^cst duty. The executor was primarily liable for the duty, and it became a• for i»urposes of administration did not amount to retainer for this juii-pose. It hal*J S". < cef-ision duly was a duly imposed on succes-SucccsHioii sioii I" -"■ •■•liid settled personal prop<'rly at the same "^" I'ate as .. v attacliinj; under l-ej^acy duty. It was ])ay- .ible oVi\y , property which was not subject to Lej^acy duty, and in no case was more than one of the duties payable on the same property. »>IJi. Succession duly was a tax jdaced on the <;ra-Succesaiuii t nitons acquisition of jiroperty which i»assed on Hiolietined. death of any i)erson by means of a transf«'r, which mi^'ht be either a disposition or a devolution from one jterson :m;„ I ! t I < ^1 ' '1 < ■ f 'If > > «1 1 1 ' ' !!' t L s < - IK M ^ ^ "^ a i ■ t (1 fcx I . 1^ 184 EXECUTOHS AND ADMINISTKAIOHS. called the iti'cdrccssor. to suiollu'i* jicrsoii (llio .-JiU'cessoi'l. I*i'()|M'il V cliiUKealde with tliis tax was calh*! a siic- rcssiuii.* ' /f.Htl m m, U'hat |ir(i|wrty sulijcct of taxation. Testator domiciled aliroad. Sdcccssion arising? imder an Kn^'lirih settle- inent. .Sueceission created under general |)u\ver of a)ipoint- nient. (1) W IkiI I'i'operti/ could be the Huhjccl oj the hi.r. ait. TIk' |(i<>|ni'ly wliicli «-(Hil(l be llic sulijcct of lliis lax was all real and leasehold estate situate in the I'nited Kinj^doin, and all personal property not subject lo leji'acy duty. Thus estates in land t'oi* life in tail, in fee, and for years were subject to suc(ession d\ity as were als(> the ctn-i-espondiny; interests in personal estate exce]»t where lepicy duly was payable. If the foi-uni of adniini> tration of the jtroperty was in the I'nited Kin;;doni it was property liable to become subject to succession duty. ♦5I»5. If a testator doniiciled abroad by his will be- queathed his personal estate in such a manner as would if he were domiciled in Knj;land create liability l(» suc- cession duty, no succession duty was jiayable, altho-.i persons entitled to the property were domiciled abroad. Ifr I.onhnr. 1 I >e ti. S: .1. 1140. 51T. A s\iccession created by the exerci.-sie of a jjeneral ])ower of api»ointment was liable to succession duty if the settlement (whether by deed or will) which created the power was au Enjilish settlement. It made *A. by deed settled real estate on himself for life, remainder to liis first son H. and the heirs of his body, with renniindor to his second son C. .nnd the heirs of his body, Avith remainder over. Siii)i)ose A. died lenvinj; B. alive who took possession iind died without barrinp his es'tato tail. If A. left a son, he took by devolution from B. Rut if B. died without issue, and C. or one of his issue came into possession he took by disposition from A. the settlor. ';i; DUTIKS OF KXECIJTOHS. 185 no (lilTcronfo as to lijihilily to sncccs'sion (lu(y whellicr I lie property was invt'stcil in Kn;;lan(l in pnrsuan<;e of llie spc'citic. (lirectious of tlio sctllcnnnl, or in ronsccim'iirc of the trustees' exereise of a discretion lotljied in I hem liy the settlement or In conscMiuence of the projierly iiaviiif; been so invested prior to the settleimMil and allowed to rensain uuchanj^ed. Hv Wiilli>i>'n Trust.'., 1 Dc C. .1. iV S. (;."<;. *ilH. The ultimate test whether a settlement was ritimiitc l",n;;lish or not was the locality of the Court to which the[^[*,[.(i„,,. licnelicaries would have to applv for aduiinistralion of ■"■'"''""'"*■ ' ' ■ was I lie trusts of the seltlenu'nt as against the tr ,stees. ijiKli^li. He Ci(j(ihi, 7 ("h. I>. ^.".1. (li) The <'on(Iili()ii.. »>20. Succession duty was jiayable by a successor Successor who came into possession on a death. althou'X|(irati:>!i of twenty-one years, or until he died, whicli- ever mijiht tirst happen, the renuiinchu* to 15. if A. osition coiupiised any sort of . Hd. Ciises where sue- ct'ssidii duty (li!2I. Succession duty did not attach in cases of sale and purchas '. Thus not only wei'e ordinary jtiirchases of reversionary interests in real or personal estate not sub- ject to duty, but also every species of interest which would show that the substance of the transaction was not derived from any predecessor in suceession. Mar- riage settlements were disjmsitions which jxave rise to succession duty. The marriaj?e being the cause and motive of the settlement, decided its character for the purpose of succession duty. Lorii Adrocair v. Si(lss. C.-is., 4th Scr., SI.". 535. Devolution l)y law included cases of trans- mission of an ancestors property on his death intestate to his heir and next of kin, and also the case of an heir ^h: Dl'I'IKS OK KXKCITOUS. 187 Mit(«'('(lin^' to ill! csljitc piir autre vie as special occiipiint. I'lic pred) cessnr \vas tlie settlor, ti'slalor or donor, wlio roiiferred tlie piopi rt v. •ISO. Tile |»erson wliose deatli ^ave lise to tlieWli<. Ii:ii»i!iiv to siUMession duly iiii;;lit l>e anyone, and ni cd nut ]!r,^il.tvs " lie. and often, in fael, was not tlie predecessor. If Iln're'*"'"' were more jn-edecessors tlian one. and llie proportional interest derived from each was not tlistinj^nislialde. then, in default ()f an a^iieenient lieinj; come io with the rev«'nue. the succession was deenu'd to take fiom each successor in ecpnil proportions. J(i iV 17 \ i]. sec. 1:5. ^UT. The successor was the person on whom theSmccssdr j)roperty was conferred. .Mere trustees and executors were not successors, hecauge they iiis|>osilioii. Tlif iiiipoiiitincnt wjih itad illld lllis illslnillK'iit. iilMl llic |)l'(Ml<'n-ssui' ilHrt'i'tilitlfd arroi(• «;. \ .1. ;iio. Hi Itiirkii, 7 II. \ N. |i»lt. Kxc<'pl ill tlh' two rases following;: {II) II" llic jiowci- was a ^-ciicral iiuwcr wliiili could be r.\«'r(is(' the siK'cessor. For example — \. by deed settled properl.v on A. for life Ihe remaindei- to I!. (A.'s husbandj for life, renniindcr in defanli of issue of A. and 15. as A. should ap|ioint. This power look elVect on ll.'s death witlnnit issue, and if A. survived and exercised Ihe power she took a suc- tessioii frinlment went to Ihe donee of the powei' absolutely, it was considered that any tiansfer (creatinj; a successionj by him, whether by appointnieni or conveyance, was a disiiosilion by him. as predecessor. Sec Mt.-diH. V. Chinlloii, I \\>\). i'n. AH. (4) Succession «luty beinj; essentially a tax on the transfer of jiroperty, it followeS. (5) A person could not take a succession on his own death. This followed necessarily from the provisions of IHU [i. *)'20. A sncccsslon jii'osc wlici'ovci' Ihorc wcro llio llircc fiuioiH, \ i/.. i\ jnolcccssor. :i Nniccssoi". iinroiierty settled on A. for life, remainder to P.., and A. assigned his life interest to 1?., It. did not pay duty until the death of A. See I:j' II. Xilinll, 'Jl Q. T>. I). U',[',. (.'*>) Who IkkI In pinj Ihr ihili/. *>:t:{. Succession duty was not ])ayable until the ])roi)erty which constituted the succession AV.is i!i actual enjoyment. The liability to the duty attached from tlu^ monuMit of the crention of the successiftn. liut payment of the duly was not enf(U"ceable until the property v.as in possession; thus, propf^-ty settled or devised by X. in favour of A. for life, remaiudcM' to T5., so that X. was the predecessor and 1». had a succession ex]>ectant on A.'s d(>atli, the liability to duly existed fi'om the date of the settlement, or the death of the testator, as the case might be; but tio duty was iiayable by 15. until A.'s death re- duced H.'s succession into jiossession. The lapse of iinu' between the creation and the discharge of the liability to succession duty and the changes which events, or the acts of the original su<'cessor might jjcoduce in the owner- ship of the property during this interval, might produce all sorts of comi)lications. See IG & 17 Viet. e. r.l, s. 20. il 1| .,,,MM| DUTIES OF EXKCUTOUS. 19) 5»$-l. If the orifiinal siu'cessor siirvived and retained Supersas- llio i)ro|)ortv until it It'll into possession, and all things tut,, hy icinaiiu'd as they were when the succession was created, [|'^'^|''||"^^ MO (luestion arose; but, allli(/uf;h the successor survived, rifflit. and had done nothinj^ to alter his interest in th(» pro- l»erty, chan<,'e nii}.>'ht have come from an external soui'ce. Thus his estate niij'ht have Iteeii superseded l»_v the comiu};' into operation of some paramount right, or the exercise of a power of appointment. In such a case the liability to vluty uetermined, as the succession never came into enjoyment, *i«{«S. Suppose a joint tenancy crea.led in A, and U, •'"int t.n had given I'ise to a successicui, A. and 1>. ]»aid duty eachi.iancL' nf. in i-espect of his interest in possessiou; that is, an interest in a moiety of the itro])erty during the joint lives of A. and 1). If during the joint lives there was a severanc<> of the joint tenaney, no fui-ther duty was payable by either A. or M. If, however, there was no severance, and A. died first, so that the whole pi(.p<'rty survived to !».. In- took a succession in the whole ju'operty from the original settlor as ])redecessoi'; but, if the joint tenancy when created did not give rise to a succession, then if there was no severance the sui'vivor took tl:e ]M<)perty as a succes- sion from the deceased joint tenant as ])redeces'" n*. Sec ic, iV 17 Vict. c. r>i. s. :;. 5^6, The successor to the property might assign I lie succession to some other pei'son by way of gift, so ilial no iKMV or sejiarate succession was ci'eated by the iiansfer. The duty then became payable by the assignee ill the time and rate at which it would have been payable if no assignment had been made. Thus property settled by X. on A. for life, remaindei" to I!., and 11. transfened his succession to i\, on the (h'ath of .\.. i\ became liable to dutv at the rate determined bv I».'s relationship 1 1 I to X. But supjiose property settled on A. for the life of B.. remainder to !>., liere I?, liad no succession, be- v way I if 1,'ift. 5f-''hft ij '■"i I W^ mi ■ i- m *i Assif,'!!- iiiciit of r* VfTsioll. 192 EXECUTOHS AND ADMINISTHATOUS. nssisiicd to ('., he conferred on ('. iui interest to take etVect on liin (li.'s) death, and thei-eby deated a sue- eession. Sec Alt. -Cm. v. (Idnhirr, 1 II. & ('. »>;{*>. Siti7. Afiain, suppose \^. settled property on A. for life, remainder to JJ., It. was the predecessor, and no cialni to duty could arise on his disposition iu his own favour; but if IJ. assij;ned his reversion to C, C took a succession from H., and became liable to duty. »iJlH. An <'xpectant successor mij^lit sell his succes- sion. In this case duty becanu' jtayable by the ])urchaser at tlu' tiuu> and rat,' at which it would have been liayable if no sale had taken i)lace. An expectant successor miuht assijiu his succession so as to create a new succession. Tlius. suppose X.. havlnj*" settled real estate on A. for life, remainder to 15., and I!. assi<;ned his reversion to trustees in trust for himself for life, remainder to his children, and died iu the lifetime of A. On A.'s death l>.'s children came into ]tossession and i)aid duty on the succession from their father, created by his assijiumeul of his reversion. »>!{!>. No duty was payal)le in respect of B.'s ex- pectant succession, because that duty would only be. bad been in possession of the i)ro- perly. and. as lliis never happened, li.'s succession had no taxable value. In a similar case, if the property were personal estate^ on tlie children takinji' jKissossion, one duty only would be i)ayable, but at the hitihest rate. 540. If the exi>ectaut successor died, the result was the sauM> whether he died testate or intestate, one duty only vv.;s chargeable, and that at the hiiihest rate which was apjdicable. 1<; i^- 17 Virt. c. ."1, s. 20. SiuLHssiim 541. Succession dutv was a personal debt due to duty \n'v- ., ^ J, ' soiiiii & le, Vict. 0. r.i. s. 4i. 512. Sncc<'ssion duty was a first cliarjre on all pro- First jjerty conii)rised in the succession, but when property ;iii ,„)i)- was sold under a i)ower of sale wliich recpiired tlie ]iro-'''^'^>'' cccds to b(! settl(Ml in the same manner as the orij^inal jirojKily, the claim and charj;*' for succession duty was shifted from the ]»roperty sold to tlu' ])roceeds of sab' and to the substituted projterty when juirchased. ].') iSc ItJ Vict. c. r.i, ,s. 41. i Consisted uf person- alty. Kstnit! duty 1894, I'xplained. f>4it. Succession duty consisted of a percentsitje, vaiyinj:^ according to the relationship lietween the pre- decessor and successor, upon the \alue of the succession, i.e., the projjerty or interest of the successor. *>41. In Enjiland. by tln^ Finance Act of ISO t. a new thiiy was established called Estate Duty. This duty, thou<,'h based on ]»'obate duty, also effects and has some- ihiiif? in common with lepjacy duty and succession duty. It superseded prrtbate duty, while it left lejjacy duty practically untouched. It altered succession duty by < hiiruinf;^ it accordinj; to the ]>rincipal value of real pro- perty, which the ])erson sticceedinf; is able to dispose of as he pleases. What it taxes is not the intei'est to which some jierson succeeds on a death, but the interest wliich ceased by reason of tlie deatli. It is leviable in respect of all property, both real and personal, of which the deceased could dispose, or in which tlio interest shifted by reason of his death. 57 A r)8 Vict. c. 30. 545. In the case of a person domi<'iled in Enjrland A(lui)tH liis personal property, wherever situate, is made subject lifuxlliK K.E..\.— 13 HI iS^ ' 1' •i ■ \ ' 1 ii , 1 I 51 .■13 l™ * ( l{)-t KXIiCUTOUS AND ADMINISTIIATORS. personal to (liity, tlius adontliii; the principle of niobilia scqminlnr wiurtver iHTsuiiaiii, troiii l«'}>iuy uutv, aiKi (h-'pai'tinj;" from the situate. piinciplc wiiicli j^oveius jtrobate duty, naiiu'ly, that tlit* property (axed must b(i witliiu the juiisdiction of th(» Court giaiitiiij*" tlie prol)ate. Keal and leasehold pro- perty situate abroad are not (considered a .siibjeet fui- taxation. duiv cYiKfclies *'»'*•»• NVhere the deceased dies abroad estat-, aiirujid. will i)e leviable on all his property, whether personal <»r real, situate in Kn}j;land. " fdiiipi ■ tent t(i ilis |i()si' '■ (Ic hiii'd. n 547 . The ])roperty taxed by tlie Finance Ac( falls into two main divisions — jtrojuM'ty of which the deceased was com|ietenl to dis|»(ise, anr()])ei(y of which the /) His free i-eally or free peisoualty. This sort of propeity i»resents no dinicully. It nuikes no dilferenc" to whom the |H'op<'rty is left, or whether the deceasese "' ;!fe detiiicil as follows (sec. ii*_*; 'Ja. L*c, of ."7 iV: .^S \Mct. c, :'.(), Imi>erial Finance Act). A pcrsdii sli;ill 1h' tl(MMiH'(l (•(impctcnt to ilisposi' i'( pnipcrty if li • ■ li.is such ;iM vstafc or interest lliereiu. or sueli jiciuT.-il power ii- svould, it lie were sui juris, enable liiin to dispose of tlie property . iiielndinj; a tenant in tail, whetlier in possession or in)t ; and tli ■ expression " ;;eneral iiower." includes every power or autlnuitv enalilin^- tiu' donee or otiu'r holder tliereoC to ni)point or dispose m' property as he thinks tit, whether exereisaliU' liy instruinent inter vivos or by will, or both, but «xclusive of any power exercisable in a liduciary capacity under a vli8i)ositioii not made by himself, or exer- cisable :is tenant lor lil'e under the Settled Land Act, 1881.', or as mortgagee, (lia). DUTIES OF EXECUTORS. 195 •540. (//) I'lojirrtv. wlictlicf rciil or pcrsoiiii!, lu'lonur- ''•■">'*■''* rtcd with l)v |.a iii«i- l(» the (Iccciiscd. wliirli lie lias for tlic jnirposc of duty „„ii incffpctnally ]».'irlc(l with dnriiif;- his lifo. The objcMt of ihc scclion )1<'iiliii;jc with this innttcr is to itrcvont cva- •'•■t' sinus. Tlic a<-('onnt duty altovo mciUioncd was inipos^'d (o acliicvo the same ohjoct ; l»n( this duty is tutw abolislicd. tlic estate duty talciuf;- its phue. tfect- 550. Kstate duty is uow payable in all cases in ''"t-" lltV IKiU- w lic-ic JIC. wliicli account duly wo\ihl forniei'lv have been payable, payai)! and oi! real pi'operty as well as personal; the sections of ilic acconni dnl\ a'-l bcin<; cxlcnded to covei" real pio.inuiitdiity liaviilil''. jieity as well as jiersonal. and mniltin^ any reference to • \(tlnniarv " li-ausactions. 4 ! lUf:] $ m .Money wliiih a person has a ;-'finTal imwcr to cliarpo on propiTty sliall lit" ilfi-nuMl to 1)0 i)roiH'rty of which he has ptiwir to dispose. C-'c). •} t These subsections bv sec. 11 of chapter !> Ontario l>eHniti(n .\cts of ISOn are adopted a» clause g of sub-section 1 of i,yOntaii< section 4 of Tin' Ontario Succession Dniv -\ct, R. S. O. •^^MS""- 1S07, c. 24. ' ? These cases are tiierefore detilied as follnws: I'M Any priricrty taken as a donatiu nmfti'; raii-a made liv anv *''■'"'■- iic'r>.,imei| by (he donee immediately npon tlii' irift, and thenceforward retained to the entire e\i Insion id' the iloimr. or of any lieiietit to him li>- contract or otherwiso. iM .\ny propert.» which a person dyiiiL' after smli da.v haviiiu' liceii altsidntely eiililled thereto, ha adopted hv Out. Act,' s (all^e(| or ma.v cause to h: Iransferreil to or vested in liinisidf and aiiv other pi'rsoii jointly, uhelher li.v disposition or otherwise, inclndiii" an.\' purchase or invest iiicnt etVeeted liy the person who was ahsolntely entitled to the pro perty either h,v hinistdf alon<'. or in concert, or liy arranj-'ement w itli any other iierson. ^;o that the lienelieial interest therein or in some part thereid" jiasses or iietaaies liy survivorship on his death to such other person. ,.[ lit ' ti'i>. id ■ V ' 1 11 < if H)(J Settled pruperty. KXKCUTOUS AND ADMINISTUATOKS. ((•) Any property pnsHiiiK iiinl'cr iiiiy pnst or fnliirc Hcttlcnicnt (iiK'liiilii)); any trust, wlietlicr cxprt'sscd in wi'ilinK or ollicrwisol, nijulc liy nny person dyiriK after siii'Ii day liy deed or any other instrument not takinj.' efl'ei't as a will, wliereliy an interest in sneli proiierty, or the proceeds of sal(> tliereof, for lifo or any otlior per iod deterniinalile by reference to deatli, is reserved either expressly or by implication to tlie settlor, or whereby the si-ttlor may have reserved to himself the riuli'. I>y Hie exercise of any power, 1o restor(> t() himself, or to rt><'Iaim the absolnt<> interest, in such pro jx'rty or tiie proceeds of sale theri'of. 'I'lie cliartje under th(> said section shall exfeiid to money re <-eived under a iiolicy of assurance, effected by any iicrs()n dyiut; after the tirst day of August, ISiH. on his life, where the p)licy is wholly kept. ni> by him for the benefit of n donee, whether nominee or assif:m'e. r)r n part of such money in proportion to the ))remiums paid by him, where* the |)olicy is partially kept >i|> by him for such benefit. (il) .\ny .'innuity or other interest pnrcliased or provided by the deceased, either by liimself alone, or in c'lncert, or by arraiiKement with any other person to the extent of the Imneficial interest jiccru- inj; or ji rising by survivorship or oth. rwise on th(> death of the de- ceased. SiHl. Jt will bo seen that snb-scrtions (r), ((1), (r) and (f) of Tl. S. O. 1S{)7, c. 21, The Siiocossion ^h\ty Act aro ('0{)iod from above cImhscs of llic TTii|i('rial Art. Thoso clauses woi'<\ as bcfoi'o slal('»>2. (2) l*ro]>ei'(y ovim' wliicli the. deceased bad no power of disposition. Such jtroperly was of a. kind witli Avbicli ])ro])ate dnt\ bad no concern, viz., settled property. The scbem(> of lite Act is to iax not the interest which hits ocas'" '■ 1) -^ oroperty out of which the interest was enjoyc* ihu^; j, ^ a life interest in i:iO,000, estate duty is ; :., ^u' , .1 ';!," death, not accordinj^ to tlu; valm^ of the life i i. ; ' «^ has enjoyed, but on £10,000. Tt would bo unfair that A.'s estate in such a case should pay the duty on the full value of the i)roperty in which .iii DIITIKS OK K.\i;Ji.v;il)lc out of the properly itself, in which fresli iiilereslH have in liie niejinliine iiriseii. II is iiol easy to iidjiist laxjiti(»n on liic one persttn's interest out of aii- (»llier per\s((n"s esljitd — liie snrcessor, in fact, paying,' for liie iirech'ccHsor, lUii althonf^h the Aif taxes |»roperty in whieh llie deceased or any other pcrsctn had an in- leicst: ceasinj^ on the death of tiie deceased to the ex- tent to which Ji benefit accrues or arises by the cesser ill' such interest, the latter would only show the area of Ar.;i,,f taxation. This area is limited to the ]»ro|M'i-ty covered l»y thai interest. If the interest was an interest in the iiic(inn> of the whole property, (he whoh' <"ipital valut; is ( liarj^ed with duty. If it was an interest in I)art, only so much of the <'apital as i)r<»duced (hat pai't is taxed. The interest to which the successor succeeded by tin; death is immaterial, the only (juestion is iti what amount (if pr{»[tei'ty did an intei-est cease. t Ha. 'It 1)11 )7 iV ."iS N'icl. c. ;.!(», < (.)• ami. The interest which ceased need not have been inu-nst an interest which thi* deceased had in the propeitv; thus!" ''' I'"' property is settled on A. (birinj; llu; life of 15., and then tin- int. r- oNcr. I'^stato duly is payable on IJ.'s death in respect of injr to.i.- tile cesser of that interest. This does not prejudict; B., '■'"""''''• for the duty is not paid out of his estate, but out of the projtei'ty, nor- is tlu; property a^j're;4ated so a.s to alTect (111! rate of duty payal»le on his estate. Tlie inierest that ceased on death may only have ceased in the sense; of having' altei'ed its nature. If so, it mal4. The change of interest to be taxable withnhanfr*- of estate duty must take place on death. If a lite interest is f,aven, for instance, to a woman during widowhood, and pi' she marries again, no estate duty is payable on that do- fe voluticm, So, too, it only attaches to property existing at the death. This is one of the points wliich estate duty dilTers from succession duty. S from sue ci'.s.sion show liow . for life, then for theii" childi-en as they jointly appoint. A. anai-t of the trust fund to a child, and at the sanu' time rcdease their life interests, so that tin- part so api)ointed is paid out at once to the child. No estate lp(i'i of settled jirojK'i'ly. One i)ayment frees il until Ihedealh "olutu.i'i.' *'' some jierson who has been able to «lispose of the pro perty as ho pleased. Thus. A., by will, settles ju'operty ou 1>. for life, then on ('. for life, then on 1). in tail. Estate duty is i>ayable on A.'s death, and will not a^ain be payable until the death of I).; b\it duly will be pay- able on D.'s death, notwithstandinj^- D. nuiy have dis- entailed and resettled the estate befoi'e his own death. So If a jterson dies i)rior to his interest in settled pro- [)erty cominjj^ into i)osses.sion. no duty is payable ou his death, provided that subsequent limitatiims under the fH'ttlement continue to exist. r.T iV: ns Vict. <■. yo, s. r> (2). l'rf.].eit.v 550. Another kind of property of which the de iiaiiiBsof ceased could not disjjose, and which is !i;it)lo |o estate and some d"t.V, i« property belon};in<>' to him which he has ]>laced in ottu-iper ^Ijj. joint uauies of hims(df and sonu' other person. For instance, A. transfers £500 stock into the joint names of himself and his wife, and dies in his wife's lifetime. Estate duty is payable notwithstandin};. on his death, on the value of the stock. 57 & r>8 Vict. c. 30, s. 21 (5). son. i!l' ^i !!;• DUTIES <>l" KXKCUT<^HS. iOiT'. TIk' ViiliM' in rcsjK'ct of wliidi the cslatc dntv is levied is in iie;irlv every ciise (lie pi-iucipjii Viilue of llu' jd'opelty ill wliieli iili iiilerest |»iisses. 'litis is so wliellier the interest is iiltsolute or liniiteil; thus (he roperty is taxable accoidin^ to its pi'incipal 'i',^';^'],,'" value. If he had oiilv an interest in i»art of llh' income, '"'""', ""^^ I he principal vnlue cd" the whole proiterly is api»ortioned arcordinji; to the income it is actually producinji. For exanii)le. if (he decea.sed had a rent charp:e of i!L'(l(l issu- iii;^ (Mil of prop(M'(y, the principal value of whicdi is ii'O.ddO, jd'oducin};- an annual income of £S()(>. the priiui p.il and taxable value of that rent charge is £r).()(M). tl5fl. In the case of reversionary interests of the de i{.v.i-i(ii <■( ased. if the duty is paid at once, the value for estate;!^;-.,""^'''' duty is the sidling- value of that inlei-est at the time of the d'-ath. The principal value of any jaoperty is taken to be its market value, TiT iV r>>S \'u-t. c. o(>, s. 7 Kii. 500. The i»rincipal value liaving been arrived at l)»(ha- ccilain deductions are allowed in calculating the duty. i'!we(i! (1) Reasonable funeral exj)enses. (2) As to personal property abroad wliiaid in a foreign country may be deducted from the value of the pioperty. Ill '■■■p-'-v |--^: i ■ . S-i '■ il;'!- :; i H iiM 4- n; : /' . Hi. ■ ; 200 m ApKrega- tiun. EXECUT()U,S AND A DMINISTHATOHS. (.'5) IK'bts Jind iiicumbiiiiicos wliclht'i' jKiyable out of the jifciieral personal oslale or rhai'^ed on siM'cilic pro- perty, are allowed with this e.\eepru)n, that if incurred or created by the deceased, they iimst have been for full consideration in money or money's worth, wholly for tho benefit of the deceased, and takinj^ etlect out of his in- terest. Thus, if the deceased on his dauj^hter's marriaj^e has covenanted to pay, or has cliarjj;ed his property with a certain sum of money, that sum, if owinj; at his death, cannot be deducted as a debt or an incumbrance. (4) So, too, debts owin^ by the deceasetl to jxr-ions lesident abroad, unless tlu'y are charj-cd on property in Enji^land, oi- are to be paid in Knt^land, must be de- ducted in the first instance from the deceased's j)ersonal estate abroad, if he has any. ol \ ."iS Till. <'. oO, s. 7. 50I The value of the [lersonal es'late of the de- ceased, of his real estate, and of any property of which he was not able to disi>ose, but which passes on his death, in fact, of each subject of property is taken separately, so that the duty may be adjusted accordinj^ to the natun? of the subject of projjcrty i)ayable by ditl'erent persons, and borne in dilTereut ways. Itut for the purpose of ascertaininjj; the rate at which estate duty is payable on each subject of property, the principal value of the dif- ferent subjects of property is added tojj;ether.* .")7 & .')» Viit. c. yo. s. -1. wiuii 50U. In the case of reversionary interests of the de- be paid.'^ ceased, duty may be paid at the option of the person accountable, either with the duty in respect of the rest of the estate, or when the interest falls into possession. If * Thus snpposo tho (lofciisod had a lifo iiitorost on 10.000?, a Koncral power of appoiiUiiUMit over 40,000/, a freehold estate for 20,000/, and free personalty extending to 5,000/; the rate at which estate duty will be payable on each of these subjects of property is determined by their agKregato value namely, 75,000/; so that the general rate will be i"'^ on each of these sums, although if there were no such aggregation the rate of duty would be considerably less. This principle is called aggregation and was new in the Finmce Act of 1894. ii: If: Di'TiKs or KXKcrn )i\s. 201 the (Inly is not paid nt the dralli, I lie value of (lio rt'V« r- sioiiary inlcresl is taken foi" ajif^i-ej^atiun imrposes, i.e., I'oi' (lelermiiiiiij; llie rale of duly on liie resl of llie estaH' at its llien present value, tlieii wlien llie interest falls into possession Hie duly is paid aceordiu'^j to ils value at that (late, and the rate is rs.- cull 1' iiiav |.;l\ duty. KXKCt'ToHS AND ADMINISTUAToHS. in»l rxcrrisc tilt' power, mihI llif |Ho|M'rlv piisscd to soiiio i^llici- person, iiltlioiij;li the executor woiiNI liii\e to piiv the (llitv out of tlie resiiliiiirv personal estiile. lie i-oiilil leeover it from ilie trustees or owners of tlie property so piis.sinj^. .'7 \- .'iS N'iil. r, ;iO. ss, S i;!l, 11 |."»i, fSIMI. With re^iiinl to properly which is niidei' ilic conlr(»l of the execiit(»i' liy yiiliie of the will, he nia\ pay the duty at once out of the residnaiy jiersonal estate, and the same as to other property not nnder his control. Inn the duty or which the persons accoiintalde ask him lo pay; in l»olh cases, howeyer, the dnty so paid is recoyei' aide against the property itself, the payment out of ihe residue heiii;^ only i»y wax of c((iiyenience. In cases in wliicli the le;;al personal li-presenlatiye is not account able for Ihe duty, llie property itself hears its own dnty. and the only burden which the taxation of properly of which the deceased could not tlispose. imposes on his own free propeity is tliat there may be an increase of tin- rate of duty on Ihe latter ]»ropert\- owin^ to the principal of ajijii'cjiation. Tlie mannei* in which the duty is raised is either by sale oi' mortj^ajic. or a tei-ininable charj>e on Ihe pi'opeity, and the |teis(m lo so raise it is the account able jierson whether he has an interest in the properly (M* not. ."•7 iV; ."S \i(t. I'. ;!(•, s. !» (.'>!. f507. The diitv is collected bv stanuis and Comniis- sioneis of Inland Keyeniie are appointed to manage the duty. !\ ' i (■ . i i liiiiliitity fur duty ti) wliiit prop- erty iVt- tiulifd. a&H. The liability for the duty attaches to the le.ual personal n^jn-osenlatiye as to all personal property of which the deceased was competent to disj)()se ; as to all other property, to the jn-rson acc(Mint- able. A bomi tide purcha.^er for yalnable consider alion without notice is in no case liable to or ac countable for estato duty. Tn addition to this piTsonal liability, where property does not pass to Ihe executor. DIM IKS oi' i;\i;7 \ ."(S \'iii. <■. oO. s, s mm Selilemeiil estate diitv is an extra duly ofs.iil.' . ' IIH'Ilt I'S- 1 per rent, imposed on settled property, that is. propei'ty tuti- duty, tor llie lime Itein^ limited to or in I rust for any pei'sons jpy way of succession. »»70. The area of laxalioii is the actual or net Ann nf 111 • • 1 • t:iMitii>li. iiiiinniit oi the settled properly, and the duty is paid in tile same nianiier and at the >-'. 57I. The ahovc sketch (d" the l-lnjilish Act. iijion .sdn me of which (Hir system is founded, will now eiialde ns to imkUi stand the scope cd' oiir Ad. This .\ In- paid I'or Ilic use ol' ilii' I'l'oviiicc liver aiid almvi tin- fees [layaliii- iiiidci' Tlii' SiiiTujiMlc ,i,,t,y. 1{( CiMirls Act. ('() All )ir(i|icrly situate witliin this I'mxiiiie, and Stat. any interest I'rnperty tliifi'in or ineunie llieretroin. whether the deceiised person owning' or sitnate III entitled therei o was deniiciled' in Ontario at the lime of his death or l<)\ llii;e. was domiciled elsewhere, iiassin^ cither Ity will or intestacy. * The word " proiierty " in this Act includes real iind jiersoiinl •' Piup- |iroperty of every description, and every estate nr interest therein erty " capalile of liein;; devised or licijncalhod liy will or of imssini; on the 'iieanint,' death of the owner to his lieirs or personal representatives. Sec. 2 of. of Act. The exceptions are stated below, paraj^raph "iT'i. r * •201 i;\i;('i rolls am* ADMiMsiitAioi^s. rr..|ii'rly \ iiluilt:!!' ilv 1 1 alls li'iiid III ('(illtrlil |>liiti'>ii (it ill 11 a. liiiiii ,1 hiiir tin fdiimi nr \ i)liiiilur> lllS|Mlsili(ll| III.kIi' \\ lllllll si\ lllollllls III' liiir iIimIIi, • tc. rinlM'ily traiisl'i r II '.I l.y ilWlUT til liiiiiM'll' jdiiitlv w illi sonic otlit'r ]«'r son. rro)iiit y passing UlliliT st'ltliMIHMlt Aiinnitif! «ti'. (/)) All iiriiprily sidind- iis nl'm-.'siiiil or nny inhrrsl llnrcin or iiicoiiic llicrfrroiii. uliiili sinill In- voliniimily i riiiiHlrni'il li.\ il I, Hiiiiil. liiirKiiii.. • ilr or j,'iri, iiiiiili' in lonli'mphil ion ol tin- ili'.'illi ol llir ^;|•lUl(lll, li!ii>;''i'i"i'. \i'iiclor or iloinir, iir ninilo or inloiiiliMJ |o iiiKr I'll'i'd, in iMissi'ssion or I'lijoyinrnl iilli'r siicii liciitli, |o iiiiy iii'ismi in Irnsl or ot Iiitu isr, or liy ri'Msoii wiirrool' nny |ii-rson .slin'.l lirroini' lii'iifliriiiliy cnlillfil in iiossrssion or rxpoi'liinry lo iiny properly, or (In- Inioiiii' ilii'i't'ol. (I'l Ally proprl'ly liilwii lis ii iloiiillio inorlis raiisn nitiilo by liny pfi'son living' on oi- iilli r llic Till diiy o| April, IS'.Mi. or ImUoii under ;i ilisposil ion niMile iiy iiny person so ilyiii^', piirportiiif; In operiite as tin iimiieilinle nil I iiit<'r vivos, wlielliei* iiy way nl' Ir.insfi'r, delivery, (Icrlaral loll of Iriisi, or ol lierw ise, wliirli sliall not lia\e lietMi hoiia tide made tueUe inontlls liel'ore the death id' the deee.'is 'd, inelndili;; property IllUell under !lll\ nilt, \\llelie\el- made, id' vllieli properly lioiia tide possession and eiiJo.Niiieiit shall not have heeii assnineil Iiy the donee iininedia leiy upon the uil'l, and t heiiei I'orw iird retained to tliii enlire exeliision of the donor, or of any henelit to him hy emi traet or otlier\vis(>. ((/) .\iiy propertv wliu li a person il.\iii^: on or alter the Ttli day of April. ISitt;. liMvilli: lieeli alisolntely entitled Ihereto, h;is e;iiised, or iiiay cause to he t rsi nsl'erred to, or vested in liimsell'. and any other |»ersiin Joiiilly, whether hy il'isposilioii or otherwise, so that the lieiie lieial interest llierein, or in some part Ihereol', passes or aeeriies hy survivorship on liis death t<> sueli other imm'soii. iiieludiiiK n"so any purehase or invest ineiil elVerled hy the person who wtis aiisoliilcly t'lilith'd lo tile properly eiiiier Iiy hinisell' alone or in eonicit, or hy iirraiifreiiienl with any other person. (I'l Any properly piissini: under any past or future setth'meni, ineludiii^' any trust, whether expressed in wriliiiu or otherwise, ;ind if e(Uitaiiied in a deed or other instrunieul elTectiiif; the setthMueiit, whether siieli deed or otlit'r instnimeiil was made for vainiilde coiisiil e'aliou or not as lielween the seltlor, and any other person, niade hy any person d.\ iiii; on or .•il'ler the Till day of April, ISlllI, liy deed or other inslrnment iml laKiiii,' efl'eel ms a will, whereby an interest in stieh iiroefity or the proe '<• is ot' sale thereoi' for life, or any oilier period, detiM'iiiinalile hy r ■ 'reuee lo death, is reserved either ex- pressly or hy implieiilieii lo tlie settlor, or w liereliy the siHtlor may !iav" reser\ed to liimsidf the ri^'ht liy the exercise of any power lo restore to himself or lo reclaim the alisolule interest in such proiiert.r or the proceeds of sale tl.ereof, or to otherwise resettle the sauie or any part thereof. t^) Any niiiniity or other ititiu'est puri'linsed nr provided by iiiiy person ilyiuK on or after the 7th day of Aiiril, I.SiM!. either by liim- self iiloue or in concert or by arranKeinent with any other person, to the extent of the beneticial interest a<'eruiu>: or arising' by siirvivor- 8bii> or otherwise on the deiith of the deei'iisod. mm ^pip^^Tf KI'IIKS (»l' KXKCIiroKS. 205 I Ul tllr |u tllUi' isciii ill Im'CIIIIII- rly. Ill li.v niiy lllilt'l' ;( !• ilS ill ■liv. Iiiiii ru|irii y lilCil liy iiit'il III IV con il;iy "if I Ullll'l' I' luMli' IK'S !iy sii ;niy 111 11 1 civ rji 'I'lir ilfNcriiiliiiiis cif |iro|icri ics in fhiiiM's d'K <''i, i') iiinl (0, l';tii.i rest I'iiti'il |u |ii'ii|M'rl y .siliiilc williiii ihis l'ni\ inri'. 'I.' hull |ir(i|iiTly lialili' nut, III itlfiit K'i-li;ililc nil lilujicily ill Ihis I'ruvilicc, iiu ijiily sh;il! lie imyiililc tliirc I his I 'ru\ iiii c; ;inil il' I lie iliit y ur I, 'I \ ilscw liiTi- IS less II Ihi'iiiily |iiiy;i lilc nil |iiii|ici'ly ill this I'riivinic. linn I Ik- I'l'ujM'rly III which siicii iliily ur l:i\ liiis liccii |iiiii| clsc\\ Inic sIkiII he siitijfil l.i ihe |iM\ nieiil III' such iiiirliuii mily uf llie siicces.'-iuii duly iiruvidid up I'nr in Ihe ineccdin in- erciice liel W ( en Ihe I nil seel iulis 111' Ihi-- sediiiii US will ei|lliil the the dniies |i;i.\ iililc niidir this Act with resjiect Id (irniiei'ly in the I ruviiice uf Oninriu ,'ind Ihe duty ur la.v su i»iiid else where. Out. SImIs. 1s;m;, c. ."., s. I, [larl. 57ti. 'I'lir c.x.ciitidiis lo Ilic Act iirc: \V1 .\ or rji rru|ierty iri\eii, i|e\ised ur liei|iieal lied fiif reliLriiiiis, cliarilalile ir ediii al iiilial iHiriHi^es. i.'Ii I'liiperty passiii;: under ii will, iniesfacy ur ullierwisi'. In nd. wife, child, ;.'raiii| !■ deceased, where the iues iiuf e,\cecd ■ r fur the use uf ihc fatli ild. il.'i iiL:hler il I la w III- er, niiiilier, hiislia sun in la w uf t h Mj.';.re}.'ale value i<{' the iirii|ierty uf i le lleieaSlll I $1(M).(I()I) Out. S(;i1s. ISO-J e. 't, S. ♦>TI5- A coiiipiirisdn (»r the .Mltovc :<•(•! ions willi tlH^^ictiuni- of ■^rclidiis (if llic Iiii|H'i"iill \i\ ;i1mi\i' (|I1(»I('i|, )»:ii-i!iri;i|ili ."."11. will show (liiil llicy nn- I lie smiiic 'I'Ik- diilics |i;iy;ili|i- jmv (•Ml ill siihsccdoii.s ;>, 4, ."», (i jiihI 7 of scctioii I of Ilic A Alt |.,|,ti.dl. < llit:il|u ;i' ct. Act. ly liny y liiiu- lersoii, rvivor- It imist lie borne in niiiid lli;it licicjiflcr in dclorinin iii.ir for tlio jtnrposGH of sub sections :\ to (! of section i. liie iij,'jrr( «r;ile Viilne of the jii'operl.v of niiv person dyin;; after 1st April, 1800, the value of liis property situate ''W. 2011 i:\i;i'r i<»i!s .vni> AHMiNis'ruA'i'oijs. rmi'titv (MJlsidr of lliis IMoviiicc. imisl Itr inclndt'd iis well ;is Hi sit i|:ilc init>i(li' of ( >nt:il'in viUiic of (lie |>r()|»rrly siliinlr williin Iliis I'roviiuc mil .1 1. included. nil. 11 7."». Til.' duty ii;iy;ilile in respect of ;; fnlure esl;ile mi:y be commuled ftir ;i present i»:iynienl, :i present \;ilne beinu se' uimmi siicii dnty. ri',u;ird beino- Imd ((» the cttnliiiucncies ntVectiiio ihc liability lo and rale and amoiinl of the duly and interest. ( "oiniuut nif,' dulii- on fiituir or mleiesi I'stiiti's or iiiti'iol. H. S. (). IS'.IT I s. 11 Wiu-u dlltit'S I 57<» A duty chari^eable npop any legacy .uiven bv nnuitie- w a\ el .UiniUI \ t ■ 111' paid etjna! paymeiiis fdi- life or otherwise is jiayable by foni iheliist t>f which innsi be made before oi ill completing;- payment o\' the tirsi year's annnity. and three others shall be made bcfitie ov on c(mipletinji' the respecti\(' payments of the ihite suicessive yeai's" annni If the annnilant dies before the expira 1 ics respectively. tion of the fonr years only payment of instalments which fell (hie before his death are required. K. s. o. 1' 11 (4i. IHTfW Drill's ()!• i;.\i;i u luits. '101 m 4 III siicli ii liisi' as ltd wcni llir cxrciitoi- or ;hI- I'nrtii.r linii' iii;iN iiiiiiisi liitor and Ihc jM-isnii \vli(t is (o iM'tdinc t'lititlcd, I lie i,. vTiim tliitv pavalilr l),v I tx' txcciitoi- or adiiiiiiisiialoi' shall l>r a ( liar;:*' <»ii iIm- riiliiic cslalr or iiilrifsl, and iiiiisl hi' paid ii\ that iM'isnii willi iiitt'irsl at the lime the eslati' or iiiti-i'csl ratiit' into actual |iosscssion nnh-ss the person (Irsirous t(t pav the dnty al an farlit-r date. IS i;, S. n. |s;i7 I. V II i.-,i. is .■»7.S On an apjilicat ion I'or Irt tcrs inolialr or admin- 1 nation, till' applicant iiiiist tilo under oalh an ileiii i/.i'd inveiitorv o f all the properly of the d eceased Ml lit Ml -. \>> III-' III \ llllc IIV ;iriil IxiiiiU f'.ri.; i.rrson and ils market \aliie. and a stalenieiil show in;^ """• • f ilie sexei'al persons to whom the jiroperlv will pass nmlei* II or inteslaey and dej^ree ol' i ela(ionshi|) in wliicli he W I he\ extend to the deceased. K. S. (>. js'iT 1. ► . The appliraiit iiinst also deliNcr to the Siiif ,,- .\|.|.i,.i-<- III' III. V 111 l.|ii|ilTl\ IIM I'l' ;:aie Ke^^ist lar a liond in a [^eiial siiiii eipial to 10 |ier cent. ,i,,ii,,i, ,,i nf tlie sworn \aliii' ol' the properly lialtle to Siicressitin .'^'J^'| iliiiy executed hy hiiiiselt' and two sureties. If the 'I'rei ' surer of the Province is not salistied as lo the \ahie swdi'ii lo or with llie correctness of the inventory, the Siirro^^ate IJe^iistrar shall, al the instance ol' ihe i'mvia cial 'rreasur;!' direct the slieritV of the coiinly to make a \aliiation of the a|»iiraised property as staled in the in veiiiory or omitted t'roin it. The sheritV must then ;^i\e written notice to the persons interested of ihe tiiii-' anil place that t he a|»i)raiseiiienl will he made. 'IMm' apjnaise- iiieiit must then he made of the jiropeity al its fair mar- ket value and a report must he made h\ the sheiiiV in \\ritin<:- lo the Siirroirale l\e<.Mstrar. and iIh- report niiisl he tiled in his oHice. Where the parties do not aLM'ec on ilie valuation, tl; "^nrro'fate I{e"i ADMIXISTUATOUS. or limited ostaios, incomos or interosts in respect of whicli the duly is ])ityal)le is detoniiined by the rule, method and standards of mortality and of value which are employed by the Provincial Inspector of Insurance in ascertaininj; the value of policies of life insurance and life annuities for the determination of the liabilities of life insurance companies, except that the rate of inter- est to be taken for the purpose of computing the present value of all future intei-ests arid continj^encies is fo\ir per cent, per annum, K. S. (». 1S!»7. «•. 114. ss. 7,-H, as amcmU'd by Out. Stilts. ISDlt. f. arties in 1er<'sted havinu: for the ])ur])ose of the Act the jtower to ai»pt)int a j;uaidian for infants who have no guardian. ♦5*1. Any person dissatisfied with the a])praisement or assessment has the right of appeal within thirty days to the Sui-rogate -ludge of the county. The Judge has jurisdiclion to determine all questions of valuation and of the liability of the appraised estate or any part thereof for such duty and his decision is final unless the prop- erty in res])ect of which such appeal is made shall cxcchhI in value .f lO.OOtK lu this last case, a further app<'al lies to the Tligh Court, and from the High Court to the Court of Ai)i>eal, whose deeision is final. K. S. O. 1Sf>7, ('. 24, s. 9. ^ti DutieH to ♦5.H2. The duties imposed by the Act are due and witiiin IS i>ayable at the death of the deceased or within eighteen J|!,'',"^,^'|.^^l, nioiiths aftei'wards. If they are i)aid withiu eighteen of owner, monlhs no interest is charged, but if not paid interest at the rate of six ])er cent, p(M* annum is charged, and the duties with lh(> interest are a lien upon the property in respect to which they are i)ayable. n. S. O. 1897, 0. 24, s. 12. ^nffili ])rrii;s of kxkc'l-i'ous. ■20! > 5,S.1. Sections S, 0, and 10 of cliaptcr !> of llic Ontario Statutes of 1S|»!) provide as follows: ,s. Wlirrc iiii.v in'oiirrty wliirli lias, iircviinis (d llic ilcilli nf a IM'isdii wlios',' cslatc is siilijt'cl to duly, liccii r(inv('ycil nr t ransrcrri'ci i(. sKiiif otlier iKTSiui is dt'ciarod liable to duty tlic CoiirL may dfclarc the duty to lie a lien upon tin- iiropcrly, and may m;iliH'rty whirh, had il remained in tlie hands of 1 lu- lu rsiii to whom or for whose henetit it was conveyed or transferred l.y such ileceast'd person, woultl have been liable lo duly, has been iiiuveyed or transferred t(j any purchaser f(U' valuible consiileiMtion, the Court may direct the person to whom or for wiiose ben"tit the -jiil pi'opi'iMy was ((iiui'ved aforesaid, to pay tlu' amoinit of the duty to which such pro|ierty WMiild have lieeii subject as afiu'csaid. It. In case it is cliimcd that .any laud or money secured by any iiiiiil.u'a^'e or char.i,'e upon laud is subject to duty, the I'rovinciai Ti'casurer or tlfe Solicitor to the Treasury, aitin;: in his behalf, niiiy, \> 111 u deemed necessary, cause to be reirislei'ed in the propci reiristr.v ■ >llice, or if the land is registered \inder The Lands Titles Act, in the liroper ollice of land titles, :i caution, slatini,' that succession duty is cliiimcil by I lie I'rovinciai Ti'easur'r in respect of the said land, nmrtu'iiui', or charp> (ju account of the death of the decea-^ed, namin;; him, and any suliseiiuent dealing with such land, morli,'a.u;e or cliarjre, >|[;iil be subject to the lien for such duty, but nothini; herein con- tMUied shall affect the rights of the Crown to claim a lien independently of the said caution. Dcchiia- t ion a,-- to lialiility I'f proper ty ti'aii>*- t erred be fi re death. Ite^'i.>tl-.l- tioii of caution u. s. o. i;f8. and :oon ocn rest and •ortv 10. 'the lu'ccedin.ir secii(Uis shall .apply to the estiite- all persons Jtetrospec III lespeet of which the duty is claimed, whether sue. persons have ti\" "1."'''' .lieil b(>|"ore or shall die after the passinu: of this Act. i.receilinc provision. 5S4. Section IV, of the same Act also provides as inllliAVs: 1.'!. .No foreign ox(>cutor or iidministrator shall as.-iu'u or trjinsfer l'',,iei^ni iinv stocks or shareH in this Province s andins,' in the name of a do- executiT., . not to eeased iier>3on, or in trust for him, which are liable to jia.v succession f,.;,„sfer duty until such duly is paid to tlie Treasurer of the rroviiic(>. oi- ~iocks\nitil sei-urity jriveii as required by section ." of the said Ad, and any' " -^ ''' ' 'H'P'iration allowing' a tr.'insfer of any stocks or sh.ires contriry to iliis section shall be liable to iiay the duty payabli> in respect thereof. K.F,..\. -11 i^ ^vv\" 210 K\i;if loliS ,\NI> AI'MIMSl'l; AI'iiHS I J. Ciuitin,. !%S!%. S(ctiiinsH. 1>, 10 iiikI \'A mi pii'j; •2()!> arc intciiihd lu piulcil llii' li;;lils (if llic CldWli. TIh'V ;iic cclt.lilil \ til pll'll ct ("inU II. (it'(|l|c'sl-> t.i i\. (Ml |.ii> or sliiii.uciil. ;in. IMiT. ■■. -J I, ^ '. \iliim\i- I'll-., I.I .l.cllh'l (ini\' I" Ion- .!<■ liM'iin)4 pru|iiil\ . f">.HT. An iM'iiildi or :ii lininisi iiilor niiisl di'dint 1 1: (Inly or rollril il upon llir :i[i,i. ,ii -"d v;i!'i Minn ridiii lli' iMMson onl.ilicd lo llir inoiicil \ . and Ip' 'pm-I n il d('ii\r any proiM'i-lv snlijorl lo duly iinlil lio lias ((ilicrlcd il. K. s. o. IS'.IT, r, -J I. s. 1 i;<'hiiiii (lnl\ u|iin Mil.'..- (|Urnl \'A\ nil lit "t ,l.l.t-. .■».SS. ^^■|n'I•^' any drills arc pro\rd a^ainsl Ilic tslalr il' ;i drrrast'd jicrson al'liT III! payiiicnl of Ic-^afii's oi' disi liliiilion of jiroiu'rly Iroin wliiili llic duly lias Imth di'dtulod. or upon wliicli i! lias liri'ii paid, anil a rcliiiid is niadi' li\ llir ic.iiatff, dcNisrc. lioii- or iicM ol' l^in. a pro porlion of tlir duly jiaid niiisl lir repaid to him liy llio cNfciilor or by llio IMoxiiicial 'rroasuirr. K. s. (). IMiT. <•, -J I. s. IT. i>.HO. l-lxccnlors or adniinislralors liavc ]io\V('r lo s»Ml so nnirli of Iho projuM'ty of llio dcroasod as will cnaM.' tliiMii lo ])ay ilio duly in llio same nianiuM' as tlioy lia\r by law for llu' payinciil of dcbls. K. s. <». iS'.iT :'l. s. i; Kurtlur tiiiir niiiy lie iXV.W *mO. Tin* Snrrojiatc dudjic may extend llie lime fm t- payment of the duty where it apjiears llial jiaymonl with in the time pveseiibed by the Ael is imjiossible owinti To some cause over which the jiersoii has no control. K. S. O. ISVtl .'4, s. 11 ir.i. i 'T in riK.S OV K\K<| ■i•()|{^• 2ll Ill' Til Mill ■ii 50I. l!v lli<^ licforc imiit.idiHMl cliiiiilcr !> of ll (• Umi.'-* jh- ■ lllltM lllll- niit;ilin Alls (il |S!H», |i|i(ili (lillirs ;is ticlils n iisi <|. 'riio next lliiii;.^ to jiiHtify uiul o(;(!Jisioii cxpcriHo is the proviii}^ of tlio will or tiikiii;^' out of luliniiiiHtrutioii. ."••^ii. TIlC lIliKl OlMil.siull (»r (lislllll'SCIlll'lll 1)1 lilt' (Xiciilur ui- iMiiiiiiiisI I'iiloi- is llic paniii'iil (if (Idils, ami ill siK'li |iaviii<-iil lit* iiiiisl 1)1- (ai'cliil IooIisitm' liic iiihs nf piinriiv, for if lie pav lliusf ul' a lowrr (|c;iifc liisl In- niiisl on a (Irliriciic v of asscis answer tiiosf of a liii^lirr (iiii ()( ills (»w II cslalc. ■J i;i:m iv. < 'miiiiii. :,\ I. ♦I!M. Ill (iiilaiid as ajipcais fimn llic rnllcwin;^ sec lion (if \\. S. < >. ls!»7. f. \-'.K 'V\\*- 'rnisicc A< 1 all 'iii ilir ailiiiliilstrat i')ii nf iIh' I'slaii^ of :i i|cirasf(| |(ii-mii. In j,, ,,,.,. ,,( casi' ni a (Iclicirlicy nf asSiMs, ilclils cjii'- to ijii' <'|-(i\\li ainl t') t 111' il' li'i'ii' ^ ll |P1'1'M1||, a ImI lie Ills lu (ill (i.-l,t^ t. xcculiif ur ailiiiiiiisi raicir ul' lln' dcn-ast iirjiiilin^r llii'rcili rc>|iiTl i\ rly ildils liy jililLiUH'iil ir uiiIit 'iii.I llu'l'iiink 'ji'lils III' reel, III, di'lits liy specially, siui|ili' I'niil r;ii-l ilc'lil^, ami ^iirli '"'■"■""• ilalnis fur ilamai."'s <'i^ ^n. aial \\iiliiiiit an.v prt'l'i rciiif m- |iriiirii\- of dchis ul' one I'ank ur ii;inne e\er tlicise 111' another; Inil iiolliin^ herein eoiilaineil -^hall prejuilh e y, , ^, niy lien existing' dnrin^' the liretinn' of Ihe deliti r on aiiv (d lli> .dfect reiil or personal 1SS7. e. 11(11. -late. H. S. (». IMtT. <•. lli'.t, i;. S. li for villi IIZ To trol. Adiniiiistral ion pari luissii. Cliiimhi'ildin V. ClarJ;, 1 (). M. ]'A'). (See pamt^rapli DU'. In ihe adiiiiiiisi r I lion of the iale of ;i ilric;i-ed doini- eileil alifoad, foi'ei;;n ereditors are entitled to ilividond- pari pas.sii with Ontario creditors. Kv Kloiln; liS Cii. 1>. ITo, foiluwed. Mil.ni- v. Moon, '2-i O. It. 4.",<;. f r f) I •) 12 KXKCriulis AM) AI>.MINISTI!.\T(»ltS. ]'o\V1>»>, A Oisciclioii is iillowcd cxcciiloi's iiiid :i(liiiiii isl I'iilors as to s<'||liii;4 dchts iliic the rstillc. .■>.'!. (1) It sliiill lie l.'iwTiil fof iiiiy cxrciitdrs to p;iy niiy dchlH iif clMims ii|Miii (uiy rvlciciicc tli;it tlicy iniiy tliiiili siillicii'if, iiinl tn nr ;iii\ si'riiiily, ri'.'il of pci'soiiiil fof ;iii\ (Iclits (liio to tlic ilcmiscd, (iml to jillow iiii\' tiim- lUr pay iiiciit. of t )lliiir iiiiy siii'li ililils iis tlicy iiiiiy think tit, nini iilso to coniiMdliilsc, com- i'statc>. prtiiiKJ or snliiiiit to aililfriit ion !ili di'lits, iiccoimts, ciaiiiis and tlunns \\iialsoi'V(>r I'clatinL; to the estate ol" tile deeeased, and for any ol llii> )iiii|i(>ses aforesiiid to enter Into, uive and o.veente sncli a;:ree ineiits, instrninenis of composition, releases end otlier' tiling's as tjie.v may tliinl; expedient, witiiont lieinj: responsilile for any loss occasioned tliereliv. i-) None of till' powers in this section cnnferrod slnill take effect or lie cNereisalile liy virtue of this Act liy any trustees or executors if it is expressly deelareil in Ihi' deed, will, ) This section sliall apply .and extend to liolh lu'eseut and future trustees and executors. U, S. O. IS'.)", c. 1J1», s. .'i.". (s. .'!!, U. S. (). 1SS7. c. 110), llxecutnr r»1M». Tlioiiiili ns ii c;()ioriil rule nn oxcciitor may pfl.^■ statute a stal iil(» barred debt, lie may not pay sacli ii dcbl wluu ','■'!''"' it lias been jtidicialiv dfclarcd lo ite stal iitf banrd \\'lu'(li('i' an ('X('tiit(»r may pay a slat tile barred delil aj::ainst llic declared wish of liis co ('\ectit()r. timere. ♦>07. An executor a.uainsi llie wish ol" his co- execnloi' paid a debt which had been declared on tin ad minislration summons, lo bo stadite-ban-ed: — Held. Ilial both he and the payee who had received the money Ihrouj'h (he wroiiefiil net of her ajienl. and that a^fnt who had notice of all the fads, were liable U) refnnd, Miililliii V. Miihjhy [ISUV,) \i Cli. -JSl'. I'ayinent by ailiuiuistrator under advice. Minihfir V. stoiir, L'Ci S. C. Ii. "iS. I'ayinent over t(^ wrong; per.son. Huijgins v. lAur, 11 O. II. otiH. I'ayinu: a claim whiili should have hLon doubtful. ' , lie WiUtuns, L'7 O. K. 40,". Deficiency of assets, over-payment of one credit Chambiihiiu v. Clarl;, A. K. 273. or. fpfp ^ DiriKs (IF i;\i;(i'iui;s. •2 1 :i ."»«H. Tl u; mere (•irciuuHtaiUM! of wiint, of iiolico oi l''\' ;i fli'hl <•!• cliiiiii ;i^;iiiisl tlic CKliltf ol' llir |»iir|M»s<', iiotw illisliiiMlirit,^ tliai in i^Mior aiKM' of llu' cxislriicc of tlif (Iflil oi' claim lie lias bona laic liaiKird o\ci' IIh' assets lo legatees oi' parties entitled in (list I'ihulioii ; bill lajise of linn may claimin;; of ilie iiisiiniciencv of llie assets. And now by llie Ontario Slat ate iK. S. (). 1SI)7. e. lli'J, The Tnistee Act). •iiii.r iiMllttlllL,' itl>ty rl.'ht or W ;i t iiistt 1' 111' iis^miii'i' ailjiii: iiinlci' the trusts <>{ l)i^tiil ilii'd iil IIMVI- ii'cli l;i\i'|i i\ I lie Iliuli ('oiirt in iiii tulioii I'ui' t'.Ncriition 1)1' lilt! trnsis of sinli i| or iissi^jniiH'iit, or un ail- jifh assets of fi'stator iiiinisirat ion suit, as tin' in> inav for rr I'liltor; ami ulhiTS Ih to tiC' KiviMi III ill to siirli inisti assijjiii I', (• xi'iiitor or ailiiiiiiisii-alor, (lirir l.vt |1l~tl'C !lssl^;-nl■|• ilainis a;:niiist, tin' iierson for tin' lniii'lil of tin' ciTiliiors of wiioiii i xi-cntor siii-li ilccil or assi'Miini'iit is iiiailr, or tin' I'Stalo of tlii' testator or iiiteslatc, as tlio laso niav lie, tin' triisti'i', assiiriifi-, fxcrnior nv le or jKliiiiii i>tratoi iiiinistralor shall, at tl L'X|iiration of tlie tiiiK! iiaini'it in tin- .s iiotici's, or Ilic last of ilic saiil iioiii-rs, for iiilii I),' in sinli claiiiis, tiiil 1)0 111 liberty to ilistriliiite the [iroi reds of the trust estate or the ass't" 'if the testator, or intestate, as the ease may he, or any part thereof. :iiiioii,i;st the parties entitled thereto, haviiif,' regurd to the ilaiiiis of v\liieh the trustee, assit nee, exei-iitor or adniinislrator. hi IS tllen iioiiii'. and sliall not he liahh- for the proeet-ds of the trust estate or assets, as the ease may hi', or any [part thereof so distrilmted to any jiersoii of whose claim the tnistee, assignee, executor or adniiiiis- iriitor. had not notice ;it the time of the disi riluit imi thereof, or a pa •t thereof. as the eas(> may It nothimr in this Act cniitained sliall prejuiiice the rijrhl of any creditor or aiiiiant to folh th jiioceeds of tlie trust estate or assets, as the case may 1 e, or any part iliereof into the liand^ if the person 111' pcrons who miiy received the same respectively. IJ. S. < >. I'^'.iT \-2'.K s. a. s. o. 18S1 IKJ). ♦>1M>. A iiotiro bv an executor or (riislee under see-Rcqusii tioii 5,S K. S. (). 1S!)7, c. 120. besides callinji for claiinH 1' ir notice T •214 KXKCiroilS AM) ,\I>.\IINISII!,\|(>I{S. ;i;^;rni>l llic csinlf. slumld slalr lliiil llir cnVrl (•!' noii (Mtiiiiiliiiiicc uilli il will lie I iir rxcliision ol' ihisuiis fiiilii)}^ lo riini|)l V I hcicw il 1 1 IK II 1 1 |i:ii licipiilioii in Ilic <'sii;li to lie (l. :iii(l such iioriiM' sliuiiM hr |Mililisliril in lniiilil iis w linr rliiiinniils on lln- rsliiic icsidc. or in Ihr " < Mitiiiio (in/.cllc" if llicir iTsidcncc is nnkiiown. OOO. \\ liciT llic cxfcnloi's of a sole snr\i\ in;^ cNrru lor of nil ( sinic in ^ivin;;' nolicc fof clainis undrr {\\.- slnlnlc, oniillcd lo j;i\c llir |(i-o|M'f nolitc I'oi- diiinis il^'ililisl llic csl.'ilr of wliM'h llicii' Icslnlor lind iircii li> liit'ir kno\vl('d>ir cxcciilor. wiili wiiitji ilirv lind nr\fr in iriin( ddird and of llic existence o\' claims against wliidi lliev Were unaware, lliev were held liable l(» llie cesini tjllc Iriisl lo whose knowled;^!' Ihe exislclice of llie notice was not shew 11 to have conic, for a fund for whicii their leslalorwas n s|ioiisihle; and the fail I hat adniinisi rat ion de lionis noiiof the esialeof whicli liieir leslator had lieci eX( ciiloi' was siilise(|iienl I V granted lo aiioliier person, did nol under tiie circuiiislaiices of liiis case alTci i iheir Haliiliiy. sii II, III \ . Siiinli r. .".O (». IJ. I Id. I 'iililir.ii inn ill t lir ( )iil i rin < ia'/.cl (• (il Jill Jii 1\ iTl i-cinciu I' cTcilitdrs, pursiiiiiit to 1{. S. (). 1S'.I7, c, I'i'.i, lis, is not 111 o\ U rcic'isc cM'ci ili)r< t'niin iiiiliilil.v inr n;i \ iiiciii s niiuli' li\' llicni /i'( < 'a nil run , \'> I'. I » »»7'> ( Ivcrii.! \ niriii .•iltiT .'iiIn (Ti is( iiicnl. iiiliiin 111 rccnvt'i'. I.tihh V. Miilsiiiiti liiiiiU. L'T < ». i:, t; I >is|rilMiii(iii .Ml'Ii •V sl;ll illiir.\' ;iii\ crlisrini'iii. If tlaini rt'.ji rtril iitu 1 noti given an iuitidu must lit' 1)1-1 >Uf,'llt wit 111 II 11 ccrtaiii lH>riii(l. t<,-iitl. lUtiiil. I.ifi Cn. V. lUnllii. L'!l I„ It, Ir. U'.IO, l»01. An execntor or administrator may compel a creditor to enfoi-ce his claim b.v action if he takes adviin tilji'e of the following provision: .'!."(, In case the oxecntnr (ir ailininistriitor i,Mves notice in urilini; refen-inir to this section, iuiil of his intention to avail Iilmself tlnii 'I' to an.v t'reditor, or otlici' jjersoii of wliose claims af^ainst the estali; lie has notice, or to the attorney or aLjcnt of such creditor or other l>erson, that he, Hk- ex(>cutoi- er administrator, i-ejects oi- disputes tlio claim, it shall lie the diil.v of the clainiaiil to eommencp his ac- tion in respect of the claim within six months after the notice is jiiven. in case the debt or some i)art thereof is due at the time of I«l Tli;s <»!■ KXKcinoilS. 21, till' ii'itli'i'. nr wliliiii si\ mull ili~4 ri'iiiii llii' liiiii' till' ili-lit, nr Niiii t llll'li'ol, ImIIs dill'. Jl llo I'll |.:il iHlllll', illl iilwiix-*. iIimI ill !■ II I Iii'IicpI' is i|i|>' lit tlir llllli' nl' I In I ill ili'liiiill III'' I'l.iliii sli;ill jl.- liiii'Vii- liiirnil; |ii-H\|.|r.| Mil' I'hiiii I sliiill Im' iiiiii-.iilli i| III till' lii.'il. ijii' I'liiiiiiaiit ur lii< I'Si'iiilm--^ nr .'iiliiiiiii I imIhI'-- iii:i> iniiitin'i ii iii'W .'ii'll'iii witliiii .1 Ini'llii'i' |i> I'iiiil III iiiii' iiiiiiitli liuin IIm' IIiii'' <>I tli>' ii.iii^iii I, K. S. ( 1. ls',17. I . r. I!. S < ». is^T. <■. I III) <»Ot5. Willi it'^|H'rt In riilil iiii^i'lil (li'lils 1111(1 li;i-(' iii lisfs ii;iiimIv jiililics, :i tiiH'slimi uf ;^ri';il iiii|iiii'l;iiirc ;i wIm'IIm'I' :iii rxccii I ur ciin s;ilVI\ iiiiiki' |i:i\liM'iil of \r<^A ( irs. (»!' (I('li\('r (i\(i' :i rcsiilllr, wlirii- I licit' is ;ili niiislaiMJiii^ ('u\<-n:iiil ol' liis Irsliildi' mr liuml. wiili ii r tiiliiiji. (iI- Illl' likt'l. uliirli li;is ih'MT vrj Im-cii lilnkili. iiiiil wliirli iiiiiv (ii- iii;i_\ iKil lir liiuki'ii licrciil'lfr. Wln'ii ^m h liiihilil ifs rxisl ;iii cxccillni' is mil lnniliil In jKllI w il li I lie ;iss('ls fii lit'T In ;i |i;i il icil l;i r or ri'siilii;i rv Icuii I fc wiiliniil a siillirii'iil iiMli'iiinii V. or wiiliuiil iiiipiiiiiiilini^ a •-iilliiii'iil |iarl ol' lln- ii'sidiiai'v cslali- lor llial |)iir|iosi-. lor ol lit'i'W isc if Illl' colli iii^ciii covcnaiil. cic., slmiild al'lci'waifls he Itrokcii. Ilic cxcciilor wmilil lie lialilc lo iiu-wtr llic (laiiia;;cs dc bonis i»ro|iiiis witlKuit aiiv laiill U'li t 1 1. Mill! JMliii Illl-,-, 111 llllll. Wins. |i. IJnI. <>o:t. A II colli iii^^ciit lialiiliiics on coNcnaiils in leases an execii'or may proceed as follows: .".Ii. W'liri-i- .'III cxi'ciiliir 111- iiiliiiiiiisi riitiif, lialili' iis siicji tu tJM' \,|,,li ii'iiis, I'livi'iiii Ills III' aurt'i'iiu'ii Is I'liiilii iiii'ij in aii\ Irasc or a;,'rii'iiii'iit •i'"'"'*' <'i I Ml' a il iisi' Ki'iiii'''il III' assiiriii 111 llh' |i'>lilli r III' iiiti'Si all', will i\i rnti'l' 111' ;i 111- aL'l'i'i'lni'lil till- a li'iisi' as have arriiiid due an I 1 rcsin'ct t Illl' .'inii .' ciiMnaiil- n I'i.'i liiii'd III) til till' llllll' iif Illl' assi;.''iiiiii'iil lii'i'i'lna I li'i' iiieii- I'ti liniird. anil lias si-l apart a, siiliirii'iil rmid In answi'i- aii\- riiturc iiiiji. Act • iaiiii lliat may lie maile in rcs|ii'it id' any li\ei| and asi'i'i'talned .j-i.j;; \- Mini, i'ii\('iianli'd er airi il liy tin- irssci' tn ln' laid eiii on llr' |iru ;t."> s. 'J7. I'l'l'ly deinisi'd nr a;,'r('e(l tn In- di'iiiisi'd, allliniiL'li liic |ii'rini| I'm' la\ inu Mill till' same may not lia\i' arri\i'd, and lias iissi^'iied ilie Irasc nr ;iL:rii'ini'iil lur tile lease In a iiiinli i scr llieriof, lie sliaii lu' al lilit'l'l,\- I'l disli'ilinli' ilic residuary iicrsniial estate of tlm iji-ieasi'd (n and aiiiniij,' the parties entitled tliefelu I'csperti vely. willimit apjirnpriat- ini:: any part or iiiiy fiirtlier part (as ilie ease may he) of the p.-r- sniial estate of the deeeased tn meet any fiitiiro liahility uinlur the 'Il" ' " If' 21(1 Kx Ken runs ank ahmimstuatoiis. sulci Ii'Msc HI' Jiui'ci'iiiriil I'm' ;i li'iisc; iiml IIm' im ciilur or !ii|iiiliiis- Initm- so ilislriliiiliii^' lln' I'rsiiliiiii.v I'slati' sIimII iml, allrr IimnIiil.' iiNsii.'111'il llii' s.'ilil li'iisi> III- iiKi'<'<'ii>*'i>t ri>i' II li'iisf, mill liiivliiK'. wIk I''- iiiTcsNiir.v, set ii|iiU'l such snllicicnt. riiml lis iirnri'snlcl, lie |ii>i'sciiiiilly IImIiIii ill ri>s|ii'c'l III' ii.ii.v snlisi'(|niMit. cliiiin iimlc r llii> sulci k'usr nr iiuri'riiic'iit. I'lir :i Iciisc; Iml iinlliiiiK liirclii iciiiImIiiciI sIiiiII |iri'jiiilii'c 1lii> tIkIiI i>r IIk' Ii'Sniip, or Ijiusc cliiliiiiiiK iiiiilcr liiin, Ici I'cillciw liic iissots III' llic ili'c'i'iisi'il iiild lliii liiiiiils of till- iicrscin cii- iic'i'suiis Ici cif iiMiiiiiKsl wliiiiii Ihc sail! iissrts limy Iiiim' I ii clNlrilnilril. K. S. n. is; IT rj'.t. u\ (s. ;ti, u. s. (>. 1SS7, 1 Id), Aslcli .'IT. Ill llUi> iiijiiiiii'i' wlii'i'i' nil I'Ncc'iilor cip iiclniiiiislnilni', liiil'i iiliility 111 (,^ ^,1,.), ,,, ,1,,, ,.,,,,(_ civciiiiiils I'ViiMilcir III iiMprrl til ri'iil^. ill' iiKi'i'i'iiK'Ht^. riiiHiiiiii'il ill any cciii \c'\jinci' ciii rliii-r ri'iil 111' rent rliai'Ki' (wlu'llirr iiiiy siic'Ii ri'iit lie liy liniilMllciii iif list ;iaiil I If ■scr\ !i I iciM), (IP 'iiic'iil I'cir sue t'U III Mlli'rs nil lent, I'liaiKi I'll M'Viiiiid >;riiiili'il (ir iissii^iii'il In nr iiiailc ami riitrrril iiitci with lln- Icslatcir nr iiilcslnlc wlmsc cslalc is licinu' .•icjiiilnlslc'ri'cl, lias sails lied all siii'li lialiilitirs iiiiclcr Ilii- said cciiniN ain ir ai;i'i('iin'iil {'iv it All ;{s. iiiip iiiiivi'vaiH'i' as iiiav lia\r riii'd iltn- and lni'ii claliiird up In llii •-•:< Ii nil' iif till- riHivi'x aiicc iK'i'ciiia I'tiT iiii'iilionril, aiicl li s. I iijiait .•I sullirii'iit I'niiil lci iiiiswcr any riiliirr idaiin lliat iiia\ In- iiiiidc in vi's|M'il of any lixrd and asrcrlaiiu'd siim coviiianli d or a^i'ii'cl liy 111!' K''''i'ili'i' III 111' laid mil on tlio pruju'rly i'iiii\ rycd or aKi'i'«'d lo lir ronvcNi'd, alllioiij,'li tin- pcfiml for lajiiiK out llio saiiii' may iml liavo arrivi'd. and lias roiiM'yi'd siicii ptoiicrly or assij.'iii'd the said aurco- nii'iit for sni'li rnnvi'yaiii'i' as aforesaid lo n piirr tlit'rcof, lie sliall lie at lilierly lo dlslrilmle llie ivsidnary jiersoiial cstnle of the dereased to and aiiiiinu:s t th lilies cnlilled tliei'fto respectively willionl appropriating' an\- jiaii or any fnrlher p:iil las the ease may li(') of the personal estate of the deeeased to meet any fiinire lialiility under the said convex aiiee or a.L:rceiiiciit for a conveyance; and the executor or .■iiimiulstrator so dislrilmtiiii; the residuary estate shall not, after ha\ in^ made or i-xeciiti'd such conveyance or assi^'iimeiit, and haviiifr, where necessary, set aiuvrt such snllicicnt fund as afore- snld, be personally lialile in respect of any siiliseiineiit claim niider the said conveyance or airrcement for conveyance; but iicithiiiL,' herein contained shall [ircjiidice the rij;lit of the f^raiitor, or tliosu elainiiuj; under him, to follow the as. n-iiiiii I'di- Ills own «lrhl iIih' In liiiii. Iiuiii I lit- th'i , ,,.^i'(l ill itrfft'iriir*' loiill (ll Ikt 11 rdil ors of t'(|ii;il (Ic^it f. Iliiis rciiicil\ iii^i e iil jiiildic iiiiction of the lestiitoi's ]icr -nliil I «'stiile. in li"U of nionev due him wiis hidd Viilid. |illh|j(' aUI't jnli. Ydsi V. ciiiiiii.il . s < '. I', ir.'.t. 001>. lie niiiv reliiin ii dchl hiin-cd hy the stiitutc. Miiy tain •I>'l4 (^iiicie. where the pci'soiiiil estiltc of ii tcstiilor is exhitiist- 1,,^,,.,.,! m1 Clin he rctiiin such ii debt out of the jiroceeds of rciil slatiili' estate l'niitl,s y. I'l iiiil.n, t ( iiv . IJ Id I <»IO. I'lider their fiithei'"s will two cd' his sons wer(> |.;x,.ciit< ■eccivc il shiire of the jiroceeds MiMsiitAious. 11(1(1. ill lliiii II Il'cci (»r III*' iissi<;,iini('in \v;in Ity \ ill lie (>r seel ion L'l , siiii seel i(Ml I, of III ill A el, t(» iicccic nilc |>ii viiiciil of llic (Icltl due lo llic cstiilo. (L'l 'rii;il llic cxcciilors hciii^- iilso Inislccs of I lie l;iii(l of \\ liicli Hie ^ons were l(» receive sliiircs when sold, iiiidcr llic will, held secniilv for llieir ehiiiii, williiii llie iiiciin in,U' of llnil Acl. h;i\ill^' (l»ec;illse of the I )e\ (dill ion of I'lstiiles Acl I Hie I'i^lil lo iiii|ioiiiid llic sons' slnire niider the will ;is ii^jiinsi their delti to I he esljile. This seciiril v the execnlors :ind tnislccs should Viilne |>iirsii;iiil to \\. S. O. c. I 17. 'I'ini( \. Si>rliiiii r, 'J i O. I{. ."iSri. oil. If ;i debtor dies (hdiiicilcd in Oiit;irii' the law of the silns? It is held (NN'ilson v. Lady Dnnsaiiy. IS r.caw '2'X\\. that llie ncrsoiial assets of iIk' testator innsi lie administered on the |>riiici|de of the law of his domicile. I.aler aiiihority. iCirron Iron Co. v. Madai'i'iu o II. !.. \~C)). seems !(» faNonr llie law of the silns of the assets Ihis seems a more reasonable view to lake. What is to iio\ .sets. /;.' i\ii„i„\ -^s cii, i». r I' ill Mihir y. Ml Mxci'iitor pa villi,' lIlttlliT nature. (). H. iriti. Soi' panif^rniih ."illl iiiiti-. 4»l-i. If an execiilor or adminish'jilor pays a debt i>t ot an (if a lower dejiree bef(M'e one of a higher he must, on a dcliciemy of assets, answer thai of a hij^iier oiil of his own estate, provided at the time of sncli paynieni he had notice of the existence of the superior debt. .\n executor may voluiilarily ])ay a debt of an inferior nature before one of a snperior id" which he had no notice; (»lherwise il would be in the power of a superior erediloi' lo ruin au' executor by suppressinj"- his security till all Ihe assets were exhanshd in Ihe itayment of debts of au inferior dej^rt'e. Ildninni v. llaniKtn. '2 Show. 4U1.'. m Dl'l'll'.s or KXKCiroKS. 21'.» 4(l!fi. i\lll(ill^' CI'cdilcM's of Djiiiil (|<';;i'('c Jill I'Xtciilor ''"''liloiM iii.iv p;iv niic III |»rcl('irii((' lu ;iii<»l licr. A \oliiiil;iiv p;i_v cIikk'. liHiii nf 11 ciTfliloi- |»v iiii ('xrtiilui' or inlmiiiisi Piiloi'. willi iMilirt' ol' (he (■oliilllclH'CMlcil'l of illl iKtinii Ity illinllirr iirdilor iiiid iM-i'ni'c JihIkiik'IiI , is ;i <4un(| |);i \ iiicul iiiid will lie jilluwcH lo liiiii in jcissiii;; liis iircimiils. lir h-iiiiciiffr, 7 ('. i». T:i;i. I'll 4»l I. Tlir rnVct of sfclioli ;;i or \l. S. (). (IMlTj. (. Kvr.M.i. ir iJ'.t. is In disiihic ill! cxfciilor frcHii ^iviii^ id-crcrciiif 1(» dill' ncdilor ovrr niiollicr. so tiinl wlicrc li<' piivs oik |p;i\iiiK' I'll'' rii(lit• iii'dilor ill I'lill llif |)!-csiiiii|il ion is tli:il lie liiis .isi-cis mmm ni -.iiriirinil In |i;iv :ill; ;iiid if, upon :i liiiMl :idjii>l iim'ii I ol' ilir jircoiiiits ot llic t'slnlc. il is made lo appear lliai one iU'diioi- lias rrcriNcd paviiiciil in lull, cilliri' \(iliiiilaiily 111- hv pi'occss (d' law, and liial lliri-c is a dolicifiH-y oi a^si Is, siicli ci'cdiloi' will he oi'dcird lo rct'iiiid at IIm- in- stance of tli(! (itlur crcdilors. llic Hlatiitc; tiius [)iaciii^ crcditois uihI Ic;^iiti,'(.',s in fliis ri.si)i'ct ujioii liii! sauic looting. <'liiiiiilii rliiiii \. Chill.', W A. It. UT.'l. <>l it. Iteforr I lit' passing (tf I lie l)f\ tiliil ion tif I'islalfsOi.l. i m All llif t)rdi'i' ill w liit'li asst'ls foiild Itf it'stulcti It* was as„t- 1 1)1 lows: UlllCll ,1- I't- re- s(,rt«<| ti. iM'fulC Act, I. Tlif i^fuiTal pfi'sonal cslalc not hfiiiical lied at all tip liy wa; of rosidnc only. 1.'. Ucal ('Slate de\ ised in trust to pay dtdtts. ;!. iual est a I L' descended to llje heii' and noL charjjfvd \\iili llle |iayiliellt of del)l.s. I. Iveal or pei'sonal estate cliai'f^cd with tiie paymeni I'f debts, and (as to I'ealtyi devised specilically or by way oinhiit'iil wliirh lins hccii ;i('(ii!illy exorcised by deed (in )';iV(Mir of voluiileei's) or liy will. S. I'jiraplieiiiiilia of \vid(» w Afl.r A.M. OII». Since llie passing;- id' tile .\cl tile older will l»e: 1. Tile ijeneial real and |iersoiial estate not deviseij or l)e(|iieat lied at all, or devised or lte(iiieatlieF INS(Mi\'i;NT ])!':< KAS 111 > IMOICS-' K\S. iilT- 'I'lic cslntcs of insolvciil (lc('('iis<'(l jici'smiih iiiiiy lie ii(iiiiiiiisl<'i'('(l iU'<()ic ul' :i (iciiciciir.v "I" iisscis, cvciy crcdil cir ill |iii)V iiiix his clii im '"''''i|ilf -iMlf will I lirr lie liulils illl V srcliril v I wl' lis rhiilii III' ,'iliy pMi'l (•(■III It V ''I VullD' III' ilirifiir, iiiil sli.'ill nivi' lull jiiirl iniliirs ol' tlir smimc, jiihI il' smii >.iii siiiirily is III) III!' I'sljilr uf llic (IcccmsimI dclilur, or eiililled |i ) aiuei d and revalue Iiis chiiin. Out. Acts, l^N'.l. 1. 'J. .\ creditor holding' nny security, is aforesaid, on the estate of Cp.iijtdr 'cc;ised dclitor, or on the estate of a third |i,irt\, for wlioni i he ''"'''''"■' -cciintv ■;tat<» (d' such dclitor is only secoiid.'irily liahle, may release or deliver iiiiiy ii>>it^ii nil such security to the executor or adiniiiistriitor. or he jiiav liv •"'nu'' ''"'' statutory decljiralioii delivorod to the executor or ulniinistrator set a ink : Hi w 222 KXECUTOllH AND ADMINMSTllATOUS. isfcnrfil viiliic iipiiii sucli security; jiiid rruiii tlic liiiu> lie sliiill liiivo so rclciiscil . c. 2'_', s. "J. ;!. In case a person clainmiv' to lii> entitled to rank lui the esiii'' holds secnriiy I'or his claiii. or anv part thereol', ol' such a nature lli.n ty he is riMiuired li.v this .Vet |o value the same, and he fails (o \alnc such security, the .Indu'e of the Siirro^'ate Court, \vh i i^ranted Ih ■ prohale or letters of adminisirjition, may. upon summary aiiplicatioii li.\ I he execiiior ol- .•idminisl ratcu'. of which application three c|;i.\-^' notice shall he .^i^•en to such claimant, order that unless a specilied value shall he pl.Mced on such security, .-ind notilied in writiim- to the exet'iitiu' or administ r.'it(U' within a lime to he limited li.\' (he ordci'. such claimant shall, in resp •I of the el lim. or the part t riiicli the securit v is held, i n case I lie seem lereol liir it V is held fcu' part onl.\ of the claim, ln' wliolly harred of any ri.^lit to share in the proceed-^ of such estate, and if a specitied v;due is not idaced on such seciiiil.v, and notitied in writiiiu' to tlie executor cU' adminisl rator. iccordin:,' |r the said order, or within such further time as tin tl le exiirellev ol said Jiidi-'e may hy siiliscipieiit order allow, the said claim or the sai'l |iart. as the case may he. ^lllll ho wholly harred as airainst siuh estate. Out. Acts, ISiHI. c. -J-i, s. :{. Adiiiiiiis- tratonmd- tv the di ■(. A\'hen the estate is lieiiii: administered hy or under iIm' direction of a Ccuirt. such Court shall exercise the jiirisdietioii . Section 1(» above referred t(» is as follows: \Vi. 'II Miiy pdiiHPii tile real i-stiilc i<( ii luTsdii ilyiiiir. nr jiflcr \V K'li |it r llic lirst (lily of .Inly. ISSC. vests in liis pcrscniMl ri'|>n'sriit;iiivcs umlcr ^,,iiiil i.| liiis .\i-t. such pci'smiMl rciircscntalivcs. in liii' iiilcriu-ci itiuu nt' an; -latiiti' ul' this I'fdviiico. or in the cdiistructiiiii »( any instruinciit In rc>ciit,i- ti\ cs till) (Icciiifi which tilt' (l"cciis(Ml was a i>ai'ly, nv in wliidi he is inicrcstcil. >hall, " iicirs. lie the estate I'd iiains in tlicin. lie th'ci iicil ill law his licii-' respects such iioi'tioii. tinless a cent rar.v iiiteiii lun ippears. Init iinlhin.t;' in this seitidii ceiitaiiieil shall al'tVct the heiielicial ri^:lit to any prupertx'. or the c(insti'iictiiiii nf werils di' liniitatiipii el' any estate ill. iir liv anv deeil. will, nr other ins! rnnicni . (hit. Si.iis. IS'.IT. c. II. 4>tiO. AN'itli i-esiiect to such claims as are founded claims , n upon any personal oblioation. conliact. debt, covenant or))|^'iiV,,f other duty, the rijilit of action on whicli the testator or"*"""'""" intestate niijilit have been sued in his lifetime, snrvivos his death and is enforceable aj>ainst his ext'ciifor or ad- ministrator. vives. Wnis, p. lo5»3. 11 2n EXECUTOHS AXl^ ADMINISTIJATOUS. I'lxcc'iitiir JltlHWCl- ulilc for debts ti) illlKIUIlt of U.iSCtH. Claim for testator. So. if A. is bound to build a house for ]i. before such a time, and A. dies before the time, his executors arc bound to fultil this contract, and in cases of this kind the executors uill ho liable, even whert^ the heir is name] and the executors are not named in tbe contract. WiUiavis V. Bi/;t(7, 1 O. B. 402. i.iAiiii.rrv <)!•' IN' i!i;si'i:<'i' ro aits oi- dkckaskd. 225 (itio. 'I'ln' rxcciitorsdi- jHlniinishiilois toniicih iikhi' iii. ii Ml t ImhiIjiI acliiiilly rcpicsciitcd ilicir icsialoi- or iiilcslwtc (li.iii iIm- liiiidiil tlic iiiiccstoi-, I'oi- if ;i iiiiiii liiiids liimscll" his j.xccu -"•"""' inis <)i- n icspcct of the tortions ads of the d('(( asod. it was a pi'in -].'„('',',' |, itiir tcr Id inlo of the <-(innnon law that if an ininrv was done ('itlu'r'"'t^','f'''' llic ]ii'i>(>n or pi-opci-ty of another for wliieh dannij-cs iinly conld be i'<'covered in satisfaction, the action died v.iih the j»erson by whom the wi'onji' was committed. Kirk V. Todd, L'l ('. I). 484. <»2.H. And if the cause of action was founded upon \ jiiiy nuilfeasance oi' misfeasance, was a toit. oi- arose ex (i(ii(lo. such as trespass for taUinj^' jioods, iroxer. fals( ctimis for iiml- fi':is!mci> (11- iiiisfc.i III < a iprisonment. assault ;ind battery, slander, libel, divert- \'j: a watercourse, obst nictinj;' lights, and in many other ses of the like kind the rule was ■,\v\\i> personalis mori lur cum persona, and if the pei'son by whom the injurx uas committed died no action of that kind could be liiouj'lit aiiiiinst his executor or administrator. K.K.A. l."> ■m m <>^<». I'lxecutors or administrators are not liable Km (ut..i not linllllli 111! |M'r>oii,il 'lltliU;t. ipoii a contract of the deceased if not named, wh-'re the (inliact is jiersonal to the testator or intestate, for in' -mil an instance no liability attaches up(m the executors adminisirat<»rs, unless a breacli was iucuri-ed in the lite "Mr.e of the de( cased. Thus, if an autlnu' nmlertakc!- iti compose a work, and dies before completinj^' it, his ex- 1 tutors are dischar;;('d from this cou'tract, for the under lakinu' is merely peisomil in its miture, and b.\ the in- I' rvention of death has become imitossiblc t(» lie per foiiiied. Itf'iiii.Kiiii V. Iliirisiiii. \j. IJ Ci I'lxc ir,\). W '';' ll'i 'm j:'- ,fti' ' 4'ti n . l:i m Ik 11:1;. 220 [''urins iif :u tiiiii iiiiw aholislird. Ai'tiiPiis of trcsimss, t'jcctlllt'llt aiul sviisti'. KXKCU rolls AM) AD.MINISTHAroitS. 0!i!r. I'lidci- lilt' old pruclicc in some of \]\o cases iihovc iiiciilioiKMl ji rcincdv wliicli (•ould not Im* had in one lonn of action ini^lit b(> lia:{0. Ayain, at common law an action of trespass for mesne piolits could not be maintained aj^aiust an excutor oi' administrator, yet he was perhaps liable in an action for use and occu]»ation for tlu' rent uj) to the date of the demise in the action of ejectment. l*ut if there was a recovery in ejectim'ut no action lay aj^ainst the executor for use and oc(upati(Hi for the icnt subsetiueiil to the (hiy of the demise laid in the ]»laintilT's pleadinj;; because havin}.^' ti'eated the holdinj*' as f(uinded on ti-espass, the i)lainlilV could not afterwards treat it as founded on contract. So an action of Avast(> did not lii' at the common law ajjainst an executor for waste com mitted by his testator it beiufy a tort wliich dies with the ])(M'son, nor was an executor chargeable for the injury done by his testator in cutting down another man's trees. LIAIULITV OK IN ItlCSI'KUT TO ACTS Ol' DECEASED, Idil for llic bfiicni iirisiii^' to Ills IcHialor from the sale (»r Viiliio of (lie trees lie was. 227 1 if ill 1' »»l M> if a man eommitted e(|nital)le waste ami (li(Ml; as where a leiiaiil for life, without impeachment of waste, ami as siieli havinj,' a ri^iil at law to cut timUrr on the estate ami the property in the trees abased that power l»y ('iittin*^ ornamental trees or trees not ri|)e for «;ultin<;\ the Cunrl of l^ipiitv had the jurisdiction to nial!t!t2. In tlie modern ])ractice these distinctions are abolished, and forms (»f action no hmjicr exist. 4>ii!t. Tim ri;;hts and liabilities (d" executors and ad- Ki^'ht- ministrators with respect to torts or injuries to the jtor-,!" S(m. or to I he ical oi- jiersoiial estate of the deceas"d aii lialiililii'i iXCI'U- tois lllldrl- as ah'oady stat(Ml enlarged by sections 10, 11 and Ti of llu; A Trustee .\r (i. .]. \- S. tlT^. <{!{»>. An executoi- or administrator is bound as far i'Accut.ir as he has assets to satisfy all jiid.umenls recovci'ed "'f'|rj,j','j'j^.. ajiainst the te.-itator or Intestate without rejiard lo ihe'"""- circumstance whether a jud^!nient was founded on a >vJ i;\K('( ions \M» AKMINIsl l!,\ liiljs. '!#! fi \ f,' ' m '"'"' '""- illlT. In t;isc of ii jnint runhilrl. ulicrc Ncsfiiil (■ triu'ls I'jiltlicl- s||i|i dilil' li'iKl on Ihf siinw |);irl, il' onr of lln> piiilics dir liis cxnii. tor or jMlminiNl liiloi* >\iis loinici'lv (lisdnii'^cd I'oin iill li.i (•ililv, iinil Ih)' sni'\i\or or siii-vi\«M-s iilonc (oiiUI Im- sni'd. nnd if ;ill ilic iiiiilics wcic dciid llic cxfcnlor (d' lln- Insl sni* i\(»r u;is .ilonc liiildr. II Ims idlciidv iipliciiird (|»;nii- ^i-iljdi .'{."('J) ||i:i| h\ srclion ir» td' lln' The 'riiistcr Ai I, K. S. ( >. iSilT, c. {'_".►. rt'|ti('srnl;ilivt s (d' dccciiscd joinl rontniclors iirc li.ildr iilllion<.di Ilit- olhn- joinl conlr;) ' loin Ix' Ii\ inir. 4»;t.H. Ill ilir rjisc of il |»;irl licisliip d<'i»l, jiltlnoi^li ;il l;i\v. \i|Mni tlw dcMlli (d ;i juirliu'r, tlic icnicdv ii^iiinsl his cxcculoi' WIS roiini-rl.v cxI iiiiini-ihcd. in;isiini» li iis ;i |»;iil IK rship conlriicl is joinl. vrl Ihcv jilwiiys conM Itc sm-d ir. l']«iiiilv. :iiid now nmv be sikmI :is in nnv oilier cii S<' '■'•'''il'tv «»!>. The esliile (d :i decejised n.irlner is ii;ild<' in t . . . .I'... It I 1(1 il-cdit us (.1 liiiii. iMjiiily lo Ihe (redilors cd' (he (irni, jil(honi;ii Hie leuiil icinedy exist only :ii;;iiiisl the snrvivtn-s. The joint creditor iiniy in the lirsl instiince resort to (lie iissets of the dt'ieiised piirtner. lejivinji the persoiiiil represendi (ives of the dereiised |iiirliiei' (o tiieir remedy over ii^iiiinsl he snrvivmji p;ii liier. Kniildll V. U'linillt n. 177. ('. I'. I». UK\. /.'i lldihisoii. :!1 (' DImIimw <»40. The deee.ised piirtner's es(;i(<' must coiitiniie f 1 . ■ 1 partiicis liilble until (lie debts whicli iilTe((ed him ii( (lie (inie of otai.. iij^ dciidi ;ire in soiu" Wiiy I'liUy discdiiirjied. The dis- cliiirjic may take plaee in various ways, md only by direct payment, but also by dealiiijis willi tlie c(Mi(iniiinn partners o])^'ra(in^' as a ]tayinen( of the joint «lebt. or from the cr«>di(ors liavinji' a^ireed (o (ake and (aklnin tlie secnrily of the siirvivinj; partners in discliai «ie of tlie joint debt. Further. If (lie dealinji (d' (lie ci'cdl(or with the sni\i\ii>^- jtartners has been such as (o nialvr> i( ('(Hii( able that lie should j.'o ajiainst (he asse(s (d" (he deceased partner, he will nol. upon jjeiioral inhs and princijdes, b" ♦'ntitled to the benefit of the demand. WMttrr V. IiDivs. 4 Milii. iK: Cv. 101. I.I \i!ii,i'iv ni- i\ itKsi'Kc'i' TO \''is »»i' i»i:« i; \m:i». It I I . Tlie liilliilit \ mI' i\criil(irs ;iliHiiii ( »iii;iiin .Idiiil SjMik < 'on 1 1 III nil 's Aris ri ,s|i(rt i\ cIn , jiiid in n >|iri'l ul' ImiiIx slnii'i's, Inis hIiimiIv Iiciii sliilcil. 'I'lir li;il»ililv (if (Xrcnldis i:i itsimtI nf hiiiik sinirts l'.;ink i;;is ;illr;Ml.\ lu'di stiilrd ( |i;ilii;il-;i |ili '.',\7t). ill^-i. In cv.'iv ciisi' wlicic llic Itshildi- is ImhiimI Ky :\ ( iiivrliillit llli' rXtTiiJul' sllilll III' liiillinl liy il. il il In' lliil ili'li'iiiiiii'd liy llir (Icjiili ol' Mil' lisljiliii ; llnil is, iinl'ss il is sinll n rovciiillil ;is \\;is In lif |m'I ruinii'ij liy llii' |irl'- SUM ul' (he Ic^lnliii'. /;«//// v. II (//•<. :•, Wils. '_'7. ■. So if (lie excciHor hiniself nssi purcliiisci' of a Irasc Dial s\i(li piirdiascr shall covciiaiit: for iiMlciMiiily against I lie iiayiiiciil of rciU, and imt- foi'iiianco of covciiaiils, ii<»l\vitlislaii' as the lease continues, and as far as he has asset;'", notwithstandiu};- the lessor assi;;ned Ihe term befoi'c his death or the executor has (b)ue so since, lint if the lessor has accepted the assignee as his tenant, then, althou},'h an aclion of covenant may bo nuiintained on an expressed covenant for its payment durin^j; the continuance of Ihe lease, no action of debt will lie against Iho executor for rent accrued since the assign- ment. If the whole rent was incurred in the lifetime of the testator an action to recover it from the executor must be brought against him in his representative char acter; but in an aclion of debt for rent incurred after the death of the lessee, if the ex«'cutor enters upon the demised pi'cmises the lessor has his election either t() sue him as executor to cliarge him personally as assignei' ni respect of the perception of the protits. If the ex t-'cutor docs not enter he is still chargeable as execntor, l>ecause lie cannot so waive Ihe term is not to be liable lor the rent as far as lie has assets. Iiiiii)iiity 047. AN'hei'c the executor, having entered, is sued after eiitiv for rent incurred after his entry, he cannot plead plene tor.^"'^'"' Jidministravit, even although he be siu'd as exectiior, for if the rent be of less valui' than the land, as tlie law LI A III I, I rv OK IN ui:.si'i:( r to aits oi' dkckaskh. 2:u jtiiniii fiicii' sn|>|t(is('s so inncli of ilio prollls as siitlicc lo iiiiikc ii|) III)' i-ciil is :i|>|)i'o|>i-iiit<'(| to the Irasor, iiiul ciiii •ml ho iipplicil to iiiivlliinji else, and, lliciin'orc. tlic di r''n'o oi plt'iic adiiiiiiisl :-a\ il coiit't'sscs ,i iiiisappliral ion, siin-t' Wit oilb'i' paviiM'iii onl (»r ilic protils can In- jiislilicd till iIm- i'<'|ii is aiiswt'icd, and if jiid^iiiiful Im- j^ivm aj;ainsl ilif cxrriitot' it is di' iMtnis |)i-o|)i-iis. r>nt if tlic land be of less value ilian tlic icnl. (he cxcciiloi' may plead a specinl nialtei', namely, llial lie lias no assets, and that the land is of less value Hum the rent. WIS. Tlie execiilor is cliarj^ealde pei'sonally with s(< Kxt.nt of liiilch of the land as the premises are woi-th; therefore if the profits lia\e been less than the land, and therefore ((i\('i- a pai-t only, that part slionld be admitted and the ic.st deft nded for. ixfiiitm'H iiiiliility (III It'ilMI', U'l!>. On the same jiriiiciple allhonj;li an execiilor, Wiiiv.idt 1. cM'Cutur. jiviurally speal.in;^. cannot waive tin* term, for he must renounce tiie execui.'iship in toto or not a( all, yet if the \aliie of the land is of less amount than the rent, and there is a, delicieiicy of assets, he may waive sin-h a lease. And if there are assets to bear the vearlv loss for some years, but not diiriiiji ilu; whole term, then the executor nnist ])ay the rent as loni;- as the assets hold out, and nnist then waive the possession, jiivinj;" notice to the revei'sioner. r>nl if the execiilor be sued as executor for lent incurred after the »>0. If the teini was assiyiu'd bv the testator, it'ltnnas 1 l.v veenis dear (hat the executor cannot be charged as assignee, because the lease did not pass to him. but still testa tor. i If'.MlW^t^^'- 1 K\>(Mltlil' rlltiliiil,' I'mcli.i^ii' ( f i-al .'s. tiiti' (lyiiiK witlmut |ia\in!,' |inrcli:i-l. It' lile e.Xl Clltdl- » nIei'S illllt illltTWlllds liinis-'H ;issias')n of the cut ; a title cannot be made, or there was not a perfect <:S. >\'lui-c ;i s|i('rilic Ic^iicv is |ilc(I;^('(| (ir cllil I'LicI j^l"''!''' KMcy ll\ I lit' IrslMloi-, llic s|M'rllic lr;^;ilt'(' l> entitled In li;l\e ll 1 •; .iNirKfil li lc;:;lc.V r< (|ee:M:«l (.;• exnlMTillctl li\ tlie execlltui'. :ill(l it ;!ie exe.'iihir I'iiils tit iMTt'onii lliiil diily, tlie specili.- |ei:;i'ee is eiililled to (■(iliiMeiisMt inn nt llie iininniit nt' lii.i t'-l;iti.r <:;|ev (111 nt' the i;ene|-;|| ;isscls nl the teslillnr here Idle, if ;i le^^jMcV he nf ii sil\er clip n|- nf ;l jewel. :ind it lie ill Jtledjie nt the lesl.itnr's de;ltll. tile leujitee li;is ;i riudt In cilll llpnil tlie exeeiitni' In reileeni il. :llld In dejivei- it !o liilll. 0»>4. Le;iill<'es nl' specilie le^iteies nl' sIlMlcs ill li;inl<- Call iiii^ nr nt liei' (•nni|);iiii<'s :ir<'. liciieiiilly spejikiiii;. lialile in " ''' piiv eillls lllild*' silhseiiilelit In tlie test;itnl"s dentil. Haa. ( )n tlie dejitll nl' ;| lliasler the ajifeellieiil i'ni' Si i > sei'viees nil the piiiM ol' nil ;l|»pieiit ice js nt nil 'lid. !.;eiiernlly s|'e:ii, nnd il s<'ellis t lint t he e\eciitni-s nf 1 he innsler nre 0. If n ninn jterforiii seivices fnr llie 1( stnlnr s.ivic.> withniit niiy view (n n rewni-d. lint in exiieclnlion cd' :t i!'„. t.'Nta-' le;j;n(y. he cninKd. in the nhsence i\\' nn iindei stnndiim '"'• helweeii llie pnilies that lie wns In lie pnid nlllv liv n lepney sel lip niiv deinnnd f<»r his services n^ninsl 1lie executor or ndininistintor. l.tSiliJc V. I'DllxsiiKlhrr, 1 lOs]!. ISS. <»»>T. .\n exeelllor cnilllnl he coinpelk'd to comiilele '^ift uf ti.s the ;>ifl of the teslnlor. therefore, nn net of Imnnlv wliicli hns not been jierfected by (he testntoi* is of no n\nil ajiiiiiisl liis executor. Mihl V. Sniilh. 1 J Vi's. l!>1. . t:itur "^»^p« i :U l.\lUs AMt vit.MINlMl'UA roUM, A Hiin woiluiiH i«( l\.imi> npiMi \\'\nll(|i'il (ii r<>('ii\ iM f.M \Vi>iK in\>l lul'iiiii III I he i\lmi'iii'(' 111' lui ilU'ri'li'iMll l,u Unit, .'iVo.'t. ( ,)t)i j'lhll \ M,'l\iii hh< I . ri> Mi'i \ 1 1 III,' |ii>i I'mmcil l'il'Hnii ii|<>iii II iiK'li' ii'liitui'i- lli{\l (111' |nn(\ Mi-i\ni): will ulniiii Iiih liiiiihly llllili'l liiii w ill, 'lU.!! n.MX i.'i-'i will nol Mii|i|i,>i I nil II I •( hill UM II I II HI (.11 iiii|ili<il \ III lll.llll'N II !iif\(t \ M.iisii, \ re li n.i Mini ,U,'("('.i)7(/ \ W. I 7,ii(i(. I'.l (' r.MII. «'.>iiil'.'ii'i:iti.iii iiiM\ III- t.iKXiM.il i\'i .luniii)!i'u for liicivi'h nl' lli.. I'l OIIII'r.. «*>** .1 |>iMsoii \\ lu> li.is (IrlniMiMl M *l 1 ;|H ;iii (^siM'ow lo lie liiiinird uvi-i in ihr p.til.v loi \\ Iiomc iihc il is uuhIc. u|ion ilic |«'i I'lM iiniui r ot mmiic < otulil ion, li:i|i|M>n lo the Iti'loti- lli( iKM rtinuiiui I' ul llic < oiiilil ion, iiiul 111.- « outiii lou lie ;it I'M w Mills jici 1(11 iiK'd, I Ik > den I is ji \ MiliiMc, lu.i w !i hsijiiuliui', ilii' iIi'Mlli (il him w lio niiulc il, «'ii;)< 7.ni./ \ Sliiihi'tis. \ \\ \ \ (lOti O.'VO. Il ;i ni;in citlris iulo ;i i oiii iiniini;' mi;ir:nil< nior is nui linbh' n|)(Mi il I'or .'Hl\ain'<' ii'.'iil(> nl iiM !h(" ii'siaioi 's (h';u )i, \> liii h <»|>('ralcN MS ;i ri'\ «» ( :'l'i>n. Itvihllrv V. Uoiv.Mi. 1 HiuKl A (' 'J 10. rnil<>i- tlio 1 >(-\ >»luticiii of r-.liUi-'t All tlii> I'M'tMitor uf ii iIcim-um'iI lt>s>ior o;ui r.iiiKi' !> \i\li,l iincwul of u Iomki' piUHiiuiil to t ho i'iivi>iiiiiil of the losl.'Uor t>i iiMiow , ' iw- ('. /'. /." ,111,1 .V,i.'/.>N.i/ riiih, '.'I (>. H. '.'H5. inR jjii.u \'\\ Ml \ I (ii I, Id \i ii;m 'inn CM M'TI',!; IV, I'ANMIAI' Ml' I KCM M'lM. 'I'lif iii\l (liil\ i\\' ;iii r\i( iilor iilli r |iiiviiniil <•! i|i ItlH IMIO \ |(|Mir\ IM (IflllM'd It ill' '^ Mdiiii' |i.(i Ii' iil.il l,.i'»' V 'I' I liiiil". of I liili)'H ('i \ < II or li'l'l, ril liiT li\ )i If kIjiIui- III hin IrHtiiiiM'iil , wliiniii Mil « \i< iilor JM ii|(|Mi'ml<';ii\ I iiiJH ll I'm I I II \ III I iiiii .'It \ II r li'!.;iir\ . |ililliir III 11'!.; 1,'nhl I I'.iill \ .hiiiiiii. L'l'i s * ' i; ;ii i;ii'. 41UI. ( »r II ^in iiH.'i.ii., IHI'2. Till' ilisliin linn litlwnii lli.sr Iwu soils i.r ln'|\\.>i'n U.-n.'i-.il lt';;;i» ics is ol lln' '.irilrsl iiiipiii I :i in <' ; (ui. i I' llnic lir i lii' l.>liM."i( >. 'I'"" i«'ll' .\ nl ;|ss('l s. ;l s|iriil'h |('i:;H\ will linl l»rli,lli|i' I > illtillr willl llli ^t'liclill |c';.',;u irs ; wllilc, iill I lie iillnr liiliitl. il !ln' s|M I ilir l('i;;i( \ liiil li\ ilic ;ii|riii|il imi oi in ;liin\ ii'i iMnpciisc (ir s,il ishii I ion Hill ul' I lir ^.-iiici ill pii siM nil islMlr. S«( llnil. lliiniL;ll spnilir Ir^inirs li;i\i ill siMlK' 1 1 spt'i I s I lie ;l(|\ ;ini Jli^i il I lliisr I Inil ill I' I'rili'l.ll ll'<|\U'-l i>t ih inkr not in oMsi 1 llOl". \il in nllni it'spnls llii\ iiic disl iiii^n islinl Irum llnni lo 1 lien tlismlv iinliii:r. \\ 11-. p. inj(». ^*l>i'>'i(i«' r ■' in\ ixvt'\ linrsr " will piiss n MilrK lioisc. wiiifll is n«il sllirllv ^l<',\. il il In- IniUHJ 111 ii.ivc biM n ilic h s'liiim's inlciilioii tliiil il sln-iiM puss l»y ilnu ilcsi ri|il ion ; \rl il ilio |i'..";iliu' li:iti no Imisr. llir fXi't iilor is noi lo lin\ ii piov ono. (Mi llio ollirr liiiinl. it llio Itrinnsi is ol " il lioiso." iiinl no liorsr Ito round in till' icsiiiior's possession ill llio linio of liis dojilli, lln' I xocnior is liomui. pro\ idcd llir sliilc of tlic iissrls will i'.lUnx liini. lo pioi nio .i liorso for llio lo;^;il('»'. W ins. i>. 10-1 1. <»<» |. 1 1 SI I ins lo liii \ ' 1 1 I'll oiiro rot I si dr rod Ms i In- iiiloiion ot il spn ili. liLiiirv. lliiH il is liiildr loiidi'iiip lion. i>nl lliis liiis siiitr Icon icpoiilcdl v donitd. .\im1 it li;i^- o\ r'l Itii n liold lli.U ;i lt',u;iv K. »".. iiiid sorni«d hv nioriu;|oo."' .\flov lln' niuUiiiL; of iliis will. ;md in itstiiloi's lifotiiiio. \{. ('. sold lt> ono 11.. ilio projtt'ily tnoitjiii^cd. and tlu" lostiiloi-. lo \'\\ Mi:\ I <•! I i.<: \< U.S. I.ii ilihlli' III"' ,'-!lli' :lll)| SI" III'' III! <|fl>l I ".'! I». (lie |i;ll(ii'S lliel ;iiid ;|c|eci| IIkiI llie |cst;i li«r sliniild sell |i;ii'( of (lie liiiids devised lo llilll, inclijij mil; (lie liiewei'\, (o(l. lui' .fli7.0i|i('cili »».H. It lllilN il;ilc . .\ Icslalor lie(|iicat lied personal cslale In liis I w o sislers. M. and S., and lo llicjr cjiildrcii. all lo sliare alike if jiviii;^'. One of llic sisters died l)efure Hie I est a I nr. ir<'ld. Iliiil lier share lapsed. llnKlli n V. Wilson, t.". Ciiy. t;|-_'. <»7<». A tc-italor devised all his estate ("lands and cliallcls") lo his niolhcr for life, and after her death 1o his sister I'. II., altsoliitcly. charged with let:acics to scv I'al ]iersens. One of the legatees dleil after the lesta- toi', bill before his niothcr, the tcaalit fer life. Held, that lUo lejiiU'V did not la|>sc, l)iit wjis a ves(<'d interest in the h'fjateo, and as sudi wciif to liis iicrsonal re|ircscntativc. PoUard \. llixliifi'iii. L'L* Cliv. L'S7. (lyinn '"■ fi.rc I. -hi t.ir. w l!|0 \\\ < I IKIIN ASM AI'MIM i| l( \ I'tltM. •r.Hi.n. in 7 \ I I • - ! : n ( • I I n . I \ I III lill r nil I III I n r iif n \\ 1 1 1 K >''\ III. III. It ihill (III li <'.;ii \ ' li;ill IikI hljisit'. iiml lir Miiiv |iiii\iili i ill M.I SIlllSl il iKr Inl till' li u.ili'i il\ill(' ill llh lilVlilllf In ( lln I lliis i»lt|ii| III' miiihI (Inhiir i \ |il ci'-'l \ , m in Iiiiiim limn ^^llllll liiu inliiilinii <;iii Ik' Willi 'iillliiiiil i Iimmii.-"-! Mllli rl I'll. W III I I II I '.nil III I HI ' HUM III' ml iidIm I ii mii I ni 1 1 n | i liM I III' Iri'iil 11' thill!' ill lii'j lili'l iiiii'. n, \ u.ifu . I. i; II i:., :ii:t ■tj.'i. \ I. Il7^ II ;l lr;',;li \ lir i;i\i'll In Iwn |h'|miii1'; |iiiiill\. ;il \\\ \ luHl^ll ollc 111 I Hill li;l|i|M'll III ilii III liii I' I III' 1 1 'I :i I III sill 11 ill III I '-I W ill II il 111' I mi.^iilri I'll l;l|ist'(l III illiilis|iiiHi tl ol. hill \>lll 'iinivr 111 lllc iilliri Irji.'llrr, lull wlii'i li'Uili ii's ;iir !',i\ill III Ici'.illrrs ir^ |rii:illtM ill ruillliinii . M ii;i\ ol ihriii ilir lirloir llir Irsl.ilni. wliill Wils i n I i'IhIdI Idl llio^i' li';,;;llri'S will I;||im' iiilu I III' H'sidih'. i/..r/, // \ /.'/,,/, ;t \ . ". <;'js. l.i'U.'d'N I.' "'Ill' I.>1 llli «T1» I 1 I :isr ( il ;i li'!',;i< V III ;i li'ual I'l' Ini 111"', willi 1 1'liiaiiulri III ;lllii|lu T li'!'.;i Icr, il (lie li'ii.liil Ini lilr diri In liMC llir Irsliilm lIli- irillilillili'l ii\('l l;iKrs rllci I ii|iiii| llic (li'.ll 11 111 I lie (rsl.lliH. / ., \ Wiiv. I Ihiriv 'JLTi. 1. 'K.'UV w ith iinii l.'^IUMI I \il 4t.H4l. Il ;i hi; u \ 111- ;',i\rii In ;i |ii'is(iii willi ;i liiiiil.i tiiMl ovi'i il 111' slhMilil (lir iiuilri lwril(\ niir. or lu'lorr lln- hjnnx'niiii; ol ;iii\ oIIhm rxt'iii. mid lie dirs in (lif lilVliiiir o\ \\\c it'slnltM' inidci Mil' |ii CM rilii'd ii.ut'. nr lirlon' smli ollici cxciil li;ni|i('iis. I he li'i;.ir\ o\ rr d«i<>s iml liijisc. /.•. (, )lsKi}}\ il lists. 1.. U. 1.". v. |. .. Mi '''l'"'' USl. lt;i l('u;ir\ lie ui\ I'll ^ciicrnll \ willitiiil spi'(il'\ li .s:;u'\ iv»y iiiii the liiiir \\ llt'li il is I n he |i;iid, il is due mi ( lie d;i \ nl' .'ihlr. \\\o d«';»lli (if till' icsialm. (lumiih luil pnviililc lill Ilic riid o'( the _\(';U- lU'Xl MftiT i1h> t('st:il(»r"s d«';illi. 'I'liis dchiv is lut'i't'lx an allowance o'( linic lor llic coin ciiiciicc id' tlic cxt^utor. and docs not lu'cxcnl I he intcrcsl vesting ini- iucdialc1\ on llit> testator's death. Hence, it' llie Iciialce lia}»iieii t.i die wilhin llie vt>ar liis |iersonal re|iresen(a- tl\c will he entitled to the leiiacv. (;l^^/^.v'l(||•t V I'liiiUf. \o Acs. i;;. I'AVMI.NI 'M 1,1 (I Ai II.H. '^.M l'4 IIH!^ W III 'II II I'lll IM'I- 1 1 nil' I'mi I Ih' |iII \ IikIiI nl II \i\/.>\ry IxUiri ill (lliril li\ llli' will IIm' Ii'U'" .\ will III' vimIiiI III' (Oil f..r (111 VKlMll if I. t'l" y I' llMol 'likl r rii • l'>li iiii(.',i'iil iiri'iinliii(; MM. ii|iiiM riiMMJ I nine llii' will, it !i|i|ii'iirM wlii'llirr 11 Ii'mIiiImi' iiininl In iinii< s IIk liini' In llii' \ii>\ iili'll'l nl' IIm' li('lirv III' •<• till' C.il' "I ''• In MMi'i rlninin^ tin' inl'iilinn ul' llir liftlnlm in t ITim |t,,l<>( >.f irHpi'il, Mil' <'iini'lM III' l',<|nily liiivi- I'MtiililiHlird two poMi liM' nili'M III' riiiiMl rm I inn ; ImI 'I'IiiiI n In ijin Mt to ii |ii'i Mill |i)i vnlil*', •■!' Ill III' |i:iiil III III' u In II III' Miinll iilliiin lui'iilv "ni- \rni'M III' ii^i', Ml' nl llii' iihI oI' ;iiiy mIImi' < i r Iniir ili'lriininnli' hiin, iMnfiiH nn liiiii n M'hIiiI intiii'nl iniiiM'ilinli'l \ nil llir Ii'mIiiIoi-'h dcnlli, nw iji'liitnni in |irn)' Ni'iili Hiilv I'mliini ill Inlni'ii, iiinl 1 1 niiMinifMilili' In Iiim ex nnlfiiM nr inlniiniHl I ill ui'K, lur Ilir whhIh " |i!iynlili' " or " to III" |inlaid bo niHorliiin as lo its taivinj^ ]ilar(', Ibon (lie loj^acy boconu's a, conditional b'j^acy, and Avill not do volvo on tlu' <'X('cutoi's or adniinislratora unless the con- ditions be i>erfonned by the liappeniu}; of the event. Old Aiillioritios, Wins. p. 10!)1. IWl. The exceptions to the serPOi» at a, future time, and <'itlier h'woh him tlie intermediate interest or directs it to be ap|>lied for liis lieuent, tlie Court tliere construes tlie disposition of the interest to be an indication of the testator's inl<'ntion that the lej^atee should, at all events, have the principal, and on these grounds holds such legacies to be vested. Voiidry V. (Iiddoi, 1 11. & M. 208. 2. Where a person bequeaths a sum of money, or other personal estate to one for life, and after his decease to another, the interest of the second legacy is vested, and his personal representatives will be entitled to the property, though he dies in the lifetime of the jiersou to whom the property is betpieathed for life. Lcakv V. l{obiii8on, 2 Morlv. ol)3. OHfi. Tn construing a settlement or will whicli makes a i)rovision for children subject to a prior life- interest, the Court leans strcuigly in favour of that con- struction by which tlie childrc u will take a vested interest at twenty-one or marriage, whether they survive the ten- ant for life or not. The presumption is that the child acquires a vested and transmissible interest at the periotl when it is most needed, viz., at twenty-one, if a son, or on marriage or at that age, if a daughter. Re KnoicJes, 21 C. D. 806. 11' it ^ TAYMKNT OK IJlCAf'IKs. 2r.j or O.S<(. As to Ic'i.ic ics piiviihlc mil nf rcjil csliitc mil v. r,. ^m,.!. s lit llic (ii'sl rule, iis .-iliovc stilted, iis ii(l(>|)t(Ml, with reference n,i'i(if nul t(i le^'!i('i<'s |»jiyiil»le mil of the persoiinl estiite, viz., t liiit "''^"'"'' when llie jxifl nnd time of i»iiyinent are distinct tlie h'pncy vests ininiediately. does not hohl, generally speaking. WiMH. p. II 17. iiH7. 'i'lieic is an e.xcep'ioii to this rnlo I'espectlnf^ Kxap- vesliii};' of Ie;>acies charj;ed on land. Thus, when a h'j^acy ,',,1,. aJto is lte(Miealhed to a cliihl on atlaininji twentvoiio or '' «ii"''"J niarryinj;, or any otiier event personal to him, the lej^acy I^kI- is evidently |M)stponed to the litne specitied, fi-oni its heinj-' considered that (he lej;:atee will then want the lieiiefif of Ilie lej^acy; whereuH, when the «'state is do- vised to a. person for life, and after his decease is char}^e<| with the lej^acy, the legacy is evidently |(ostponeaynM'nt of legacies. So far as the personal fund will extend to pay them the case is {govern- ed by the same rules as if the le;;acies were payable out of the ]>ersonal estate only. So far as the real estate iiiiist be resorted to for the payment of the le^Mcii^s, the case is {joveriK'd by the same rules as if tlH'y were charg<'d (III real estate only. He Iliidnon's Tnisis, 1 Dni. 0. 0S1>. Lefjacies directed to be paid out of a mixed residue are a char<:;e on land. Younij V. I'urirx, 11 O. It. ."97. OOO. A conditional lejiacv is detined to be a bequest, CowiitKni whose existence depends upon tin? nappeninf; or not happening? of some uncei'tain event by which it is either to take place or be defeated. 214 KXKCnTOUS AND ADMINISTUATOUS. '^1 H\ CoiulitiutiH ant. ('(niditioiiM iii'<* citlicr' prcecdcnl (ir snlis('(|nc'iil. I>r«('f(l(iit ..isiihs.. When :i ('(UMlilioii in pr('('«'4. "When a performance of a condition snhse I'lrfonn- illlCc of 7. A condition that the loj^atec shall uoi disimlc Cmlitiun ihc ^vill is \aliil. lhouj;h it has hcon in ^fcncral considered tt.'.'sh'an as in leii-(M'em nierelv, and will not oiMM-ate as a torlei ""'''"' ,, I tire by reas(»n of the lej^atees havin;;' dispuled the vali- dity or elfec't of the will, but where the legacy is {j;iven over to another perscui, in case of a breach of snch con- dition, then if the Iegal«'e controvert the will his Interest will cease and vest in the other lej^atee. If, insle:id of i)('in<;' ;4iven over to a sti'anp'r, the le}j;acy is lindled over lo the exe<'utors, in the event of tln^ condition beinj;' broken, such condition is still merely regarded as in ter- . loreni and not obligatory. Cf*' H straining marriage under twenty-one, or other reason- able age, without consent of executors, guardians, etc., or re(|uiring or jtrohibiting marriage with i)articular per sous, and the like, are valid and legal conditioua. lIoilijHon V. Ilalford, 11 C. 1). 959. 6!lt>. The law will not allow conditions in absolute Tn .ihs.,- ii'stiaiiil of marriagi*, but if piopeHy is limited to a per- straint of son until that jierson marries, and when such mai-riage '"'"''''"*'"■ l;appens. tlieii ov(M', such limitation may be valid. Jonis V. Jones, 1 Q. B. D. 179. TOO. As to c(»nditions in rt^straint of marriage with- 1" re- ■11 <• 1 J 1 Htraint on<^ consent, not under the age of twenty-one or other rea- maniiiKe sonable age, but generally, such conditions are in +er- ^^,|,^,!,\'.*,^^^^^^ rorem merely, if there is no disposition over, and, mm 21(1 lvci|uiinifr iiiai riiij;c wit ii fill stilt. I'liocpndi- tinliill coll sent. I!..fus:il t( COllSi'llt. Til 'gut' i I 's to ptTSOll ilS CXICll- tors. Prostimi)- tiim ill sucli cases KXKCUI'OltS AND ADMINISTUATOKS, >vlu'th(M' |»r('(';atee, the condition is obligatory. l.h'Hil V. I!ri)robation will n(»t l)e a perfornianee of ihe condition. Clarlcv V. I'oikn; 1!> Vch. 17. TOIi. A goiM r'al consent given to the legatee afte" attaining majority will be snllicient, and an nnconditioiml consent once given cannot be retracted unless for good rcMsons, moral or peciniiary, aflei-wards discovered. LiJcunc V. Uudd, (J Sim. 111. 1 70JI. If an executor or trustee, whose consent is jecpiired, refuse to execute his power, the i'<>url will direct an emiuiry into the proposed marriage and as to iis propriety. C?arA-c v. Parker, 19 N'l's. 18. 70''. ^^'here■ legacies are given to persons in tlt<' character of executors, and not as marks of personal re- gard only, such be(nn'Sts are considered to be given u]>on an implied eondition, ni'.mely, that the ]>arties cUdhe thems(>h('s with tlu' character in resi»ect of whidi tic benelits were intended for iheni. Abbot V. Haush', 3 Vcs. 14S 70J>. The ]>resumption is that a legacy to a ])ei'son appointed executor is given to him in that character, and it is on him to show something in the nature of the legacy, or other cii'cumstauces arising on the will to i-epel the presumption. The ])r(^sumi»tion will be re butted, if it appears either from the wording of the be quest or from the fair construction of the will that the ^ V >|{S. iiiopcrjitivc for Jt if lluTc is ;i of a brciitU oi- sliiill jj,u over ilory '(Mliiiiiiiti luarri- locs, il liMs l)t'('ii !!('{1 before or a I m will nol be a lie leualee afU"' \u MiK-oiulitioiial uiilehs for i^ocKJ iliseovered. •hose consenl is , the TiMirt will rria^e and as lo > jifrsoiis in tin' s of ]»ei-sonal re to be given u]>on ' parlies clotbe ct of wliidi 111 ' •iarv lo a ]»ers«»li at cliaraeler, ami e nature <>f llir on the will 1<» )tion will be le oi't>hl""- ;uict' cpf 1(1 act u'lder it. that will l)e a snlhcient i»erforiuan<*e of cui.iiii,,!! ilie condition, or if the legatee uiH'<|nivocably manifests an inlt'iition M ;ici in tlsc executorship, as by giving (lii-eclioas iiboul the funeral of the leslalor, and be ])re- xcnled by death from further entering upon his ollice, that will also be a perforiiianc<' of the condition. I.cirin V. MiiIIIkhs. I,. IJ. S Jvi. '211. 707. AN'here the testator has twice becpieathed aTwol.^M- Icgacy to the same pri.^on, i! becomes a (luestion w hci iiri- !,.,',i"„,'|'„.,.. I he legatee be ejititied to lM»th or one only; that is,'*""' wiiether the second h'gacy shall bo regarded iis merely a rcix'tition ,,f the itrior Ix'uuest, or whether it shall be (•oii.<'iiiiiiila strued as an additional bounty and cumulative to thecics, ftU'iner bendii. IjiIiIiii v. .v/'/r/,-.v. i;» itcav. ;!ii:;. 70s. 1st. NMiere there is no internal e\ ideiice of in- Iiit.riKil tciuion, the following ])iisiii(»ns of hiw apjiear estaldished. |,f'j„'f'','„'. . 1 ,. 1 .... . , , , . tioiiuf ti'-i I. It tile same specitic thing is lM'(|ueat lied twice to tutor. I he same legatee in the same will, or in the will, and again in a codicil, in that case he can claim the benetit only of one legacy, because il could be given no more llian once. II. \\ here {\\{> legacies of fjiiantitv of e<|iiai amount are betpieathed lo the same legatee in one and the same insti'ument. there also the seccuid berpiest is considered a mere icpelilion. and he shall be entitled to one legacy only. III. WluM'e two legacies of quantity of inieqiial amount are given to the same |ters(ui in the sanu* instrii ment. the one is m»t merge ciimulaii^c. Nvhctht'i' its aiiHMinl Itc equal oi' uiie»nial to the foi'iuer. Wilis, p. iir)(i. L*ii(l. W'hei'e iliere is internal evidence of the inte!*.- tion of the testatdi'. In iiianv cases the will or eo(li<'il alfords intrinsic evidence that the second j-ift was in tended hy the testator as a mere siihstitntion for the tirst, and conse(inently that one le}j;a('y alone was in- tended. F(»r examjile. where a later codicil apjx'ars to lie a mere copy (»f the fermer, with the addition of a single lej^acy. or when it is manifest that the latter in- strnment was made for the jmrpose of explaining or hotter asc< a'ji'ng the legacies beiiueathed by the former. So, if n. two instrnments the legaci<'s are not given simpliciter. but the motive of the gift is exjiressed and in both instruments the same motive is ex]M-essed and the same sum is given, the Court considers the two coincidences as raising a presumption that the testator did not, by the second instrument, mean a second gift, but meant only a repetition of the former gift. IJut ihe Court raises this presumption' only where the double co- inciden('(» occurs of the same moti\e and Ihe same sum in both instruments. It will not raise it if the same mo tive be exjtressed in both instruments, and the sums be diiVerent. ("onse(iuently,,the legatee is iu such case en- titled to both sums, Rusai-ll V. Dickson, 4 H. L. C. 203. Lord V. ,sittcliiJc, 2 Sim. 273. Internal cvidcnct' tiiat legacy cnnmla- ti\H'. yOO. The ordinary inference that legacies are cumu- lative, aiising from the fad of their being of unequal amount, or of their being given by dilferent insti umeiits, m.iy be strengthei.ed by internal evidence as, where one is given generally, and the other for an ex]»ress ]»urpose. or where ou" reason is assigm-d for the former, and an- othi r for the lattt-r; oi' where th.e legacies are not ejusdem genen> as where an aiuiuitv and a sum of money are PAYMEN'T OF LEGACIES. 249 "iivfii. or two .'innuitifs of the siiiiic iuiioniit h_\ dilTcrcMl iiistruiiiciils, the one luiyable (lUiirtorlv, tlie other lialf- vcaily; or wImmc one le-iacy is vested and another con- tiufjient. Ijiv V. /•((/», 4 liar.', 22.'?. 7IO. Wlu're a (h'btor lieciueaths to ais (^'('ditoi* a legacy iMjnal to or cxcccdinji- the amount of his debt, it is presumed, in tlie alisenre of any intimation of a contrary intention, that P h'j>aey was meant by tlio testator an a satisfai ! ^ ilu-debt. Tliis presumption of satisfae- lion is rel»ultable, as, where tlie debt was not contracted I ill after the lualxinp; of the will, or where the debt is due npon a current acciint, or where it was upon a liill of exchanji'e or other nej;"otiable seciirity. /.•(• FIrtchor, 38 C. I). 573. ])fl)t.)r iifi|iK';itli- tci ci'tclitnr 711. If a lei • at all continycnt or uncertain, il i..'p:icy is not (ieeuKMi a saiiMactuni oi a deiit : nor wlu-re tiie ,„,t satis- legacy is p:;yable immediately after the death of the *'^'^'^""'- testator. A leji'acy of a specitic chatttd is not a salisf.e- lioii of a debt. ni/iU V. Iljulr. 1 Cox. 40. mu- nal 'Ills, one ose. an- lein are Tlli. ^VheI•e a i>arent is under ol»lij:,ation by artlvh-s ».r settlement to ]u-o\ ide portions for his children, and he afterwards makes a juovision by will for them, sucli tes- tamentary provision is jiresumed to be a satisfaction or povformance of the obli^Mtion. Tliyinif V. (llviKjaU, 2 H. I.. ('. lot. 7IJI. Tliis presnm]»tion nuiy be i-e^ielled or fortitied by intrinsic exich'ti'-e derived from the naturi (»f the two provisions. \\ hi re the two ]»i ovisions are of tl; sain<' na- ture, or where there are but sli};;ht dilTerences, the two instruments atVord intrinsic evidence aj-ainst a (h)iible provision. Where the two jtrovisions are of a dilVerent iiatur(\ the two instiaiments all'ord intrinsic eviih'Uce in favour of a doiible provision. O/o.vr V. 11(1 -I//), 34 H"iiv. 74. i l'nsuiii|i ticiii iif siit- isf;icti(in fdnn.iiicf. I'lCMiinji- timi, linw r..|M-ll,..l. Tr 250 Crc(lit(ir l)C. Kvidence clearly expressive of the intention l;» release is required if a testator exiiressly beciuealhs the debt to his debtor; this, bein}*' no more than a release by will ojierates only as a lej^acy and the debt is assets. therefore subject to the payment of the testator's debts. Ediii V. Smyth, ,"> Ves. 341. 7IO. \\'heii- a lejiatee is indebted to the testator, the exi'cutor may retain the legacy either in part or full satisfaction of the debt by \va\ of a set-olT. Strov'j V. nird. L. K. 18 Eq. 315. 717. \Vli(>re there is an ajipointr-ent cd" a deblo:- lo the ollice of executor, the debt due from the debtcM-- executor is considered to have been paid to him by him self, and the executor \^ ac'-ountable for th.e auiount of t;'.^ debt as assets. StroiKi V. ;;/)•(/, li. R. 18 Eq. I'.lo; fie Appeihe (1801) 3 Cliv. 422 ; lie Ili/dop (1894) 3 Chy. o22, VIH. If a dcbtoi' tnakes his creditor, or the executoi* of liis creditor, his executor, this alone is no extiufiiiisji- m* nt of the debt thoujih there be the sanu' hand to receive and pay; but if the executor has assets of liu' debtor, it is an ext in;;uishnient because it is within the rule that the person who is to receive the money is the jK'rson who oiijiht to pay it, but if he has no assets he is not the |>ers(tn who oujiht to jiay, though he is the person who ought to receive it. 7H>. If a jiift lo one legatee in the earlier \n\v\ of the will is inconsistent with a subsecpient gift lo another legatee in tlu' will, or in a codicil, this inconsistenev operates as an adempti«Mi or revocation of the ( ailier gifi J'AV.MKNT Ol' I.KGACIES. 251 ■rao. A s to sjKH'ilk' l('<;ii( k's; in order to coniplcto tli(''.'"»"i''" ticiii (if title of ii specitic legatee to his le^Mcy, thethiiijj; beqiietith- title t e(i must, at Llie testator's dealii, remain in speei"* as de- j^,' s(i'il)ed in tlie will, othei'wise the leji'acy is considered as revoked by ademption. For instanee, if the le}»aey he of a specilied chatteK in i»ossession. as of a ^(dd chain, or a, bale of ^vool, or a piece of cloth, the lejj:acy is adeenu'd. not only by the testator's sellinjjc or otlu'rwise dis|)osin,<; of the snbject in his lifetime, but also if he should chanj^e its form so as to alter the s]>ecification of it; as if he should convert the gold chain into a cup. or the wool into cloth, or nnUce the jiiece of cloth into a gar- men), the legacy sliall be adeemed. ■itif ac'ics. 731. T lie rule (»f ailem|tlion does nol apply to (h N. linlflnli tlDll .f tl\f |c(,M- monstrative legacies, i.e., to legacies of so much money, lunnsna with' refei'ence to a. j);;''1 icular fund for jtaymenl. As for instance, legacies given out of a particulai' stock, or debt, or term; for although tlie particular fund be not in existence at the testatoi-'s death, the lega- tees will be entitled to satisfaction out of the general <'.state. 722. If .1 testator i)awns oi- ph dges an article s]ieci-'i"'-'tiit<"' lically be(|Meathed. a right of ri'lcilKili ■ticlf illy l»- (iiciithiil. 72!{. If a father gives a legacy to a child it must be understood as a jtortion. because it is a pro\ision by a parent for his child; and if the falhei- afleiwards ad- \an('es a portit)n for that child, as upon mairiage, ii will be a complete ademj)tion of the legacy, where tiie ad- vances are ecpial or larger than the testamentary por- tions. Ex p. Pyr, 18 Vcs. 153. 724. Where the sums advanced ai-e lesH tliau the .sums bicpieathed. it is an adenqdion pro lanto. Re I'oUoch' 28 C. D. 552. Pri'smii|)- tion iif _mu'- tiiiii. Aiiiiii|i- tidU pro tiiiitii. i? [,. f r 't' 1 1 w^ 252 EXKCUTOllS AND ADMINISTllAIOItS. Willi limy III' IfKiltfc Puyiiitnt of Icjracit's uansin^rdf- HeieiK^v . (li) 117/0 IIKIIJ he li'i/dlcc. TiJiS. Kvcry pcisoii is ciiiclhlc of Ihmiij" ii 1('j;jU<'(' A baukiMipL iiiiiy be a Icjiatcts bul the iuteresl in the le^-ucy bc'loii};'.s to the assignees. 7a« liv s. 17 of tlie Ontario Wills Ad, if anv per son attests the execnlion of any will \o wlioni, or to whose wife or hnsband, any beneficial devise, lej;aey, estate, interest, j;ift, or appointment of, or afrectiiiji; any real or personal estate (other than and exce[)t eharj;'es and directions for the payment of any debt or debts), is theri'by j>iven or nnide, such devise, le<;acy, estate, inter- est, j^ift or appointment, shall so far only as concerns such ])erson attestinfj; the excMution of such will, or tin? wife or husband of such person, or any person claiming; under such jxuson, or wife or husband, be utterly null and void, and such person so attesting;- shall be admitted as a witness to prove the execution of such will, or to prove the validity or invalidity thereof, notwithstandinjj; such devise, legacy, estate, interest, gift or appointment, nu'ntioned in such will. U. S. (>. INitT, c. 12S, s. 17 (s. 17, U. S. (). 1SS7. c. llt!»). (I!) (>/' I lie jHijinu'iit I if Iciptcics. TUT. It is obvious that us the whole jiersonal estate is liable in tlu' hands of the executor to the pay- ment of tlu' debts of the testator, the executor must take care to discharge them before he satisfies any descrip tion of legacy. Thein' is no distinction in this ix'spect in favor of sjiecitic l*:'gacies. Hence, if an executor, al though acting liona tide an b(* coiiipiitcd, unless it is cei'lniii tliiit llie assets will ultiniiitelv be sntlicieiit to \n\y all the creditors. Wins. II. 120L>. T12.S. Where there is a suit for the administration (if a testator's assets, a creditor will be ]>erinitted,on pay- iii;:- the costs of the proceedinj^s. to prove his debt, as loii^^ as there liapptMis to be a residnary fund in (N)urt. or in the hands of the executor, and to i)ay out of that icsidue. If a creditor does not oouie in till after an e.v ccutor has paid away the residue, ho is not without rciuedy, thoufjch heisbarr<'d from thebenelit of the jnd<;- iiient. If he chooses to siu' the lejiiitees and biiii,!j: tiack the fund, he nniy do so; but he cannot atl'ect the legatees, except by suit; and lie cannot afl'ect the execu- tor at all. AViiis. ;). 1208, (4) Of IJir (ihtdrmovl of Icijdrioi. 7^0. Tn case the assets lie sujiicient to answer llic debts and specific legacies, but not the jicnei'al le<;a- A I )M I X ISTUATOHS. I' irticii I;ir K'lii nil 7Jia. A i( si(lu;iry Icj^iilcc Ims no ri«ili| lo rn\\ l.KiitMs. ii|i(iii |t;ir(i(nl;ii' o(.i,,.|.j,| Ic^iilccs to iih;i(<'. Tlic whoh? IM'isoiiiil csliilc. iiol s|MMifi(;i!l.v li('(|ii( jillicd. imisl he ('xliimslc(l hcl'oi'c those legatees can he ohligrd lo couU'i- hnic anydiinu' onl of (licir h('(|iu'sts. Iliihrr V. r'iriiin; L. K. .'{ Cli. Ai .:{7. Aiiiniitit's st In /• 5Jl. So if Ihci'c is a siniitic h('(|ii('s( (»f an an- piiid. nuily, there is no (haihl bnt thai, lutwever ^reat or small the income of Die leslalor's projierly may be, (lie an nnily innsi be jiaid in fnll lo llu> last fartliin^' of lii.' j»ro])<'i'ty. SUIIK 1'. CkiIi/ v. Willi, I)(< ;i'x. M. A: (; Life in- tci'fst mill TJ84. The "general rale is that if tlieve be a (h-ar iift of a life interest and a reversion, and I he estate proves insullicienl. each party. Ihe tenant foi" life and the i-eversioner. ninst bear Ihe loss in jiroporlion to his interest; bnl if there is a j^ift of an annuity, and a resi- duary jiift. Ihe annuity takes precedence, and the whole loss falls (Ui the residuarv U't;<'»t('<'. .}fiMirll Utim, L. ]{. iiO K JtiO. crciioe i.'l.;i • TI{»5. Amou"' h'uacies in their nature "c ner'ai there is no jireference of ])ayment ; they shall all abate to}j;ether. and jM'ojiortionally. in case of a (h'liciency of assets to satisfy Ihem all. I'ait this must be undersloo Tllii. A Ic^iMcy. wliicli is in ils iiiiturc jiciiciiil, ''•^'" ;iiiortionately by the lejiacies of 15. and (\ only. }f(n:sli. V. Eraiis, 1 I*. Williams, liOS. I'riiiritv cxjinsscd annular trciicral Ifgatces. 7J$1>. r.uf the onus lies on the partv seekinir T)ri. onus in suel) cast oiity. to nuike out that such prioi-ity was intended by the testator, and the proof of this must be clear and conclusi^e. Milla- V. lluddhsdmc, 3 :Mac. & G. r)23. 250 Ijii'M cm MpHL'ifilJ fundH, Assets s|)i'citically lii'iinnitli- .•(1. EXKCUTOJIS AND ADMINISTKATOHS. T'lO. \N'li('i'i' llicrc iirc specilic (»!• (Iniionsli'inivf l(p;aci('S, tliiil is bcfiucsls of iiioiicy willi I'd'crciicc lo ;i liarticiiliir riind for tlicir i»iiyiiM'Ht, aiul not, siiiii»ly a j;ifl of llic Hpccilic fiiiid itself, in those cases legatees iiave sncli a lien njion Die specilic fnnd tiiat liiey will Jiol lie ol)lij,'(Ml to al)ale with the ji;enei'al lep,at('es. TioiipiKt V. TtmixHt, L'O L. J. Cli. HOO. 711. As loii;:- as any of the assets not specifically licMineathed remain, snch as are sitecitically be*|neatlie.l are not to be ai)]>lie(l in tin* i)iiynn'nt of delils. althon<;li to the completi' disap|>ointinent of the {jenvral lejj;a1ees; bnt wlu'n the assets not s]iecifi(ally lie(|neatln'd are In- snflicient to pay all tlie debts, then the specitic lejjjatees must abate, in ])ro[)orti()n to the vabie of tlioir individnal lejifaci es. Firhliuo V. I'rrsli,)). 1 DcC. S: .1. 4.?S. 742. A testator becpieatlied *' nnto my sister ^f. .1. sucli snni as will, tojiether with wliat sliall 1)0 at her credit in my l)ooks at Afontreal. nialvc .ftJ.OItO." At tlio lime of llie malnt: sul)se(inently the testator disjiosed of his business, and as part of tlio arranjioment i»lacpd an ad ditional snm of .f2,<)(IO to M. .I.'s credit, maUinjj: tlu^ avIioIo sum at lior credit .F).2r)8.42; of this sum, .fa,t)()0 was placed on a special account at interest, |ll,00(» was agreed to be ))aid to her l)y tin* ]nircl\asalance. .f:ins.4L*, was ]>aid in cash, and her account balanced in the books, leavin;^- nolhinji' at lier credit. Held, tliat M. J.'s lef^acy was to be reduced by the amount of t<'stator's debt to her at the time of his death; that what had taken place amounted to payment of the del)t; and that she was entitled to the legacy of 10,000. TliVA-cs V. HiMts. 1 O. !{. l,",!. Lepcacy to 74;$. A\'liere a teslatoi' jiives a lej?acv to his execn- t'xecutor as . , , '. coiiiipcn- tors, exi»i'essly as a comi)ensatK)n for their trouble, and isaiion. fij^ifp is a deficiency of assets, such lejjacy does not in this country abate >vith lejj^acies which are mei'e bounties. ij ( r.wMKNT oi- i.i:(;atalnl- oill (»r llic |(lMic('C(ls (>r liis rr;|l rslatf I'li'i'or- .111(1 personal cslale. ;;iivt' t(» (Wic son >i5Ll(Ml, lo aiiol luT ipl'H). ,ji and to (lie third ^I.SdO. Ilic I»alaiico to Ito ('(|iiallv dividrd lictwrcii Iiis dantilitcrs, six in niiinln-r. namlnj;- ttit'in. J{y a codicil lie revoked llie heiiiiest to llie second named son of i^KIO, aii c%.;^ 1. ■el, 3> O .%. / <^ f Photographic Sciences Corporation V S V \ \ ^ V ■V 4^ o^ % ^^ .<'^ . IJ. 1. '741%. 'I'lninyh llin*' cjui be no nuiisliallin}? in favoni- of rliai'ilics. yd where rliari'able and otlici* le^iacics arc payable out of a mixed fund, the jn'oceods of lealty. iinjnii-e jxTsonalty and iieisomilty, the rhaiilabh' lejja (ies do iHtf fail in tolo. but must abate m the pi-opnrtion which the snm of the icalty and impute pcrsoiialtv charjjed with chi;ii(a!>le ramlson's lejracy should abate in'opoi'tionately. I.iiiilsini V. Wiihllui.i.l.. --'I A. It. Hit. (."() The h'.rcriihir's dssciil In a IciiiU'i/. T47. The winde proi»ei-ty (d the testator, as lias already been shown, devolves np(Mi his executor. It is his duty to apply it in the tirst place to the paymeiii of the debts of the dt'ceased. and he is responsible to the creditors for the satisfaction (d" their demands, to the extent of the vhole estate, without rcj>ard to the te>ta t(»r's having by the will directed that a portion (d' it shall be applied to (dhei* purposes. Heme, as a ju'etection to the executor, the law imposes the lu'cessity that eveiy I'AYMKNT OK LKOACIES. ti.V.) Icfjatcc, wlictlicr «;i'iu'ral or spfcilic, Jiiul whi'thcr of rli5iH<'ls iM'iil or pcrsonjil, must oMniii (he cxcintor's siss<'iit to tin* Icjiiicv licfort' liiis title as Icjjalct' ran be roinitlcic aixi pcrfcrt. Wins. p. fJlT,. to t T4.*4. llciicc. al!"(>, the Ic^iatcc' his no authority r..ffat.'.- <■ 1 • 1 • 1 [ I'iiniiiit »ss<'ssu>ii ol hiM u'liacv without such assciir, tak.' uos 1' witliuiit. although thr testator, hv his will, expressly direct that he shall Liwat. has an indioate rijiht lo the legacy, such ns is ti'ansuiis- sihle to his own jm rsonal rejtresentatives, in case of his death before it lie ]m'u\ llirllK ;itf UK lit. 7*50. Ayain. if the lestatoi- bv will forgive a debt ''''^V"'" due to him fr the testator's intention. T»>1 If willioiit tlie executor's assent Iho bjiaiecf takes ]iossessi(ui of the thin}; be(]ueathe<1 to him, lhe| executor may maintain an action of tresjiass oi* trover a;>ainst him; so, although a chattel, real or ]iersonal. spccilically be<|ueathed. be in the custody or possession of a le^^alee. and the assets be fully atS. If ill) execiiloi- refuses his assent without H-fn-"''' cause, he may be compelled to ^rive it by a (!ourt of F'*f ' 1.11 sl,..lli (■(lllSIIlt. assent on the part of the executor, the law has for thissiitm purpose prescribed no specific form; and it may be either express or implied. ifasnii V. VurncU. 12 ^f. & W. G74. i I i I '1 sri' ^1 M *260 EXECUTOUS AN'U ADMIMSTUATOIJS, MuHtbc "754. Tlic act or cxiUM'ssioii dccincd siilTicicnt \o UIIlg- ' lu.uH. iinjiai't Uijit assent sliould be unambiguous. May Im' pn.'suiiicd. May ho njMiii con- dition. Miiy 1)<. I Iff ore pro biite. Assent of oni' of SfVl-I'ill. Jhic V. Harris, 10 M. & W. 517. TUSi. The a.'^sent of tlie executor may be pre- sumed; on the princii)le, that in the absence of evidence, the executors shall be taken to have acted in conformil.v with their duty; as wh«'n executors die after the debts are paid, but before the legacies are satisfied. 7*SO. The ass<'nt of the executor may also b(» upon a condition precedent, as if he sliould tell the lega- tee that he will pay tlie h'gacy, provided the assets arc sutlicient to answer all denunids. Uut the condition must iu)t be one that the e.'iecutor had no authority io impose, e.g., i)rovided the legatee will pay the exeojtor a certain sum annually. Tf57. \ i».'rson ajtpointed executor may assent 1o a legacy bv lore he proves the will, and even if he dies without taking probr.te, his assent will be ellectual. TfiS. If several execiitoi's are appointed, the as- sent of any one of them is suthcient; and. therefore, if there be a legacy to one of several executors, he may take it of his own assent without the others. Townsnn v. Tivhrll, .*? B. & A. 40. il Assent to T»51l. After an assent bv the executor to a specific .•*|)('L'ltic l.yacy. legacy-, the interest in the chattel bequeathed vests in the legatee, so that he may take proceedings to recover it. even against the executor himself. .\sstiit 700. Tf an executor once assent to a legacv he can cannot lie ittrauti'd. never afterwards retract; and, notwithstanding a subse- quent diss<^nt, a specific legatee has a right to take the legacy, and luis a lien on the assets for that specific ]>art, and may folio .v them. But if the assent has not been comph'ted by payment, in the case of a general legacy, or possession, in that of a specific one, and its recall is I'AV.MKNT OF I.KCACIKS. iiol jiHoi.dcd with injury \o u third ihtsoii. as to a bona tide iturchasci' from th«' h'jjatce on tho faith of such asst'nl, it st'cnis only reasonabh*, that ilu' exccntcn* under particular circinustauccs, should luivc the power of re- iia1 701. Tile asst'ul of an execuinr lias relation 1 rase uf a Icjjiicy bequeallied lo I..%mcv t.i an executor, his assent is as necessary lo a legacy's vesl ' "' ing in him in the capacity .)f legatee, as to a lega<\;- \csting in any other person. 70!{. Mis assent to his own leyacv mav, as well A •<■"•"«; ■ . liiiiv lie as Ins assent !<► that ot aiinllicr legatee, be eilher ex r\|ir.-s.s.ut where a sole exe tutor, or one ot sevei-al executors, takes an interest in a leasehold «'state for life, riiltiit < )ii(' year allowi'd for )>iiy- IllCIlt. Kxioutor ttiSi. If jin t'xrcntoi- h'L'iitce rcnontnc proltiitc, l"iriit('c ^ ' rtiK.i.,. -Wuf his ■•sst'iif to liiH own h'jjsuy will bo iuclToclUiil, iind if h(> lake tlio tiling; bciiuoiitlicd williout tlio ]M-rinissioii of the iulniiiiiHtrator cnni toshiincnto iiinicxo, lie will incur the samo liabilities as any other lefjatee so aelinj;. I ((>) .1/ irhnl lime Irijnrics air (o he piiiil. 700. On the piinciple thai the assent of an .'Xetu tor to a lep»ey is necessary, he cannot, befoi-t' a com- jn'l«»nt time has elapsed, be coniitelled to pay il. A peiiod tixed by the Civil Law for that ]Mirpose. wliich onr Courts have also prescribed, and whi<-h is analonous to the Statele of Distribution, is a year from the testa- tor's death. Dnrinjr v.hich it is prestimed that the exe ciitoi' may fully infoiMU himself of the state of the pi-o- pei-ly; but within that period he cannot be comp led to pay a legacy, even in a. case where llu' testator directs it to be discharjfed within six months after his death. nrookc V. /f(ri,s', Mad.l. :!r>S. I'Afeiitor T^JT. This allowance is nuMelv foi- convenience. may ))ay (late. It earlier in or«1er that the debts (;f the testatt)r may be ascer- tained and the; executors made ac(|uainted with the amount of assets, so as to be able to make a proper dis tribution of them. However, if the slate of the t«'stator's circumstajices be such as to enable the executors to dis- charjfe lepicies at an earli<'r date they may d<> so. lldrtfthitre v. I'halir, 10 \es. ^^^. Legacy TOS. Where a lepicy is yiven j,fenerally subject liniitiitioii lo «'i limitation over upon a subse(|uent event, the devest over. jjjpj contin{^(Micy will not pre>enl the le.fa.tee from receiv inj; his lejiacy at the end of a year from the testator's death, and he is not bound to }»ive security for repay ment of the money in case the event should happen. rawkfn y. Gray, 18 Ves. 131. TOO. If an annuity be {j;iven by will it commences immediately from the testator's death, and therefore the first payment must be nm le at the expiration of a year next after that event. stamper v. Pirkeriiifj 9 Sim. 170. Wl lieii an- lity be- gins. I'.WMfcNT OF i,k<;a(Ii:s. 2(0$ TTO. W licrc iUI ilMIIIIIIV IS CXIHCSslv tlllccttMl 1<> Annuity foniiiH'iirc willmi ihc voir. ,is at \hv tiist tiiiiiilcr day mnntiiiv after the Icstatoi's death; or where an animilv is jiiveii with tile direetiitii that it shall lie |iaid nioiilhlv. tiie iiioiiev will 1m' due at llie first <|uarier «hiy, iir iit tiie eiwl nf the first iiMiiitli alter the tesiat(H-'s death. alth'Mipii nut pavalde l»v tlie exenitdr liil the end of llie vear. Slnrir V. I'risiiKii. •". .Miniil. liis. T/1. Where there is a iMMpiesi of nioiiev ti) or in trust for legatees alistiliilelv. hut with the direi lion for the i-njovnieiit or a)t|)liration of the nionev in a |tarti<-u- lar modo for their Iteneiit. as wliere it is ;iiven to pur chase an annuitv for the le;;atie. or io place him otit ap j>rent ice. or to enable him to take holv orders, or to- wai' until fifteen months from the death of the testator Iniii V. Ii'iiini: )iii/i'i'. n IISS \- M. TT4. If an annuity is }iiven. the first payment is Dan- fm paid at the end of the year from the death; but if a h^' [j'^'^.t'''- :icy is {liven for life with reinaind»'r over, no interesf is w '2{\ \ I'M rr I (», IS wit vhminimi'Iia Kuis. «lnt' lill tlir rihl ol' luo miun. II In inlrrrHl oii llx' lt^ii<.\, iiinl till IIh' lr^iit,> In |tii,Mil)|i> llinr in llu I'iiimI i«t iH'tulihr tl)*< inlrri'Hl. tiih-tiin \ Koll. l-'MlliV 77*V Willi I <'S|M . I III i\ |||>I|II*'S| t^\' III) lIMhlllf* «m..» in of ii |trrsitnjil csljilc lor life «illi rniiiiiiHlt r omv, Ihr |trrN irsi«lin< lor lit'r is nilillrtj to lli«> iii coino in sonio sluipo «m' other from tlir tlonih tif tlii< Irsln toe. \\ lirri< tlio lostiilor Miin|tl\ ltrt|nfiit lis nil tlio rrsitliir of liis piM'soiiMl fsliitr lor lite, \^itll rrmiiimlor o\rr. with oiii ;iii\ «lir<'<'li«in to iinrst it in jinv pin tiiiihir niniiiitr. :is liiMwrni tho triiiinl tor liir jiikI tlio r< wiiiiin^ i>iit is mtiuillv niMUiiii: : Imii Io inlorost troin tho «loiith on the rsti niiilotl Milno. Tho nilo is thiit tho toiiiint lor lilV is l«» ho ;illt>\\o«l :is Iroiii tho (h;iiii of tho toslnlor. tho imonio ot' siuh pjuls o\' iho poisoiijil osliito ;is \voro :it his tlontli iind h;i\o roiiKiiiK'd in ;i slnto o\' iinostimiil whirli oiiuhl to ho rorttfiiii, otl aiitl nUowid to ho (onliniiod Itv ;i Coint of Miiuilv. U.'t in //l>l<( \ I'Dll Itill tllllllllll. 7 \ '"^ I.'!" T7<». Wiih n\i;;ird to thoso parts of a personal (>staio whiih noiihor wno at tho tos|alr.'"s doalh, nor ■^''^i havo siiit (' Ix til ill sin h a sialo of invostnionl as oiij^hl to bo rocoiini/od and allowed to he eoiitinne«l hv Iho ronrl. tlie\ luusi he valued at a period of one year after his death, a. id interest tioiii his death «tn the value s(» taken must ho paid to the- teiiatit for life. Mriiiv V. Sitiiiiusi II, ."> l>i>(;. \- Sni. T'J.">. t<'n;»nt fin T?'/. Where the beciuest to tho tenaiil for life iitvViHM is spot'ilif. the h\uaiee in reinaiiuh'r is not entitled (o hnvt> the propert\ eonverted; not Nvithstiindinj;. Itv rea- son of its beinir a d»'er«'asinji- fnnil. the lejiaeies over may altogoUier fail. lUthuiit V. Kiiiiiidji. 1 My. iv;; Cr. lit. I'\ VMI \ I ••f I |.«J A'-IKH. \'r,', 77H n iMiMuliiil .IiiiII.Ih iiir Imm|I|ciiI ||..| lit ^ | '',""^* '" I. II llli- IIIkI K'MlllilMlrr li» I'.. A will lir Hull III' iH i'lilillnl lo tlniii Itir hl'i', him! (lull iiIIi'I'.miiiIm IIii'\ iM'Inim lo I lii' |m'|'moii in n iiiiiiiiiltr \o NrnililV IH r)'l|llill'l| llllll'HH 11 DIMf Ol llllllj^l I '\H mIiOWII t'niiihnll \ SiKitii, I (:,,|| '^HTi. II I 7TO \ ^in lor liff ol' lliiti^H ijiDir jlmo iimi ciiii 'H(tf..i III Miliiiilihir iiH roiii iiiiij wiiir. If H|M'rillr. Is iiii iil.Holiil.' i'l,',„'i< ., Kill ol llir |.|-o|H'ilN, I. Ill il n'NiiliiJiiv, llir llli||^..^ iimihI }„• """''' sold IIIKJ llir iiilniHl ol I III' |iio«|iiri' |iiii«| lo Mil' liyjilrc lor lil'r. I'll II r \ I mil mill, .'I \ , „ :!| | 7.SO l''.ii iiiiii^ nIo. K .iiMJ iiii|i|i'iiiiiiiH ol lin-'li.iii '""""»' '••': •'"'•' ii'il (liiii^'M <|iiiM- i|»Ho iiHii roiiNiiiiiiiiiliir, williiii .i„|.l. " lliis riilr. i.,.i,u 111 III IS V II I njlil, '.'. Kiis A ,1 :! 17 7Hi. \\ licir Ihc l.'Mjif,.,. IH :iii inrjiiil, i||i> cxfrijlor I'livr... »,• <;iiiMo( s;ilr|\ |tii\ hiiii or iiiiy ol lii-r pciNoii on liis !"' ••iiiil ^,','i ',',',',i iintii in- MlliiiiiH I wfMl V one. nuN-HK nmlfr llw |>ro\ iHioiiH '"•' ol tlir Shillll.' :;(i Cro. III. ril|». .VJ, h. '.',2. Src |iMi M(,;rii|ili I'.il |>iiul . 7.S!i. If ;i |c;.'i|(V Im- ^jiven lo A. lo Id' iKiiij ;(l liii' ii,,.'li I \\diiil<>lv. for Ik* (> ii li'l < lifts vest- I'll in t'liilil ri'ii. EXKCUTOUS AND AD.MINISTUA'I'OUS. drviw iH ii tliHliiicI siiltsliiiilivc lKM|in'st to liiU*- cnVci oil tlic coiitiii^^ciirv of A.'h (Iviii^ (liii'iii;;; his niiiiofii v. FrlHiaiil V. I'vltlKiiii. 2 1". Whim. 'J71. 7.HI. A tfstiitoi- by his will directed tlial his estate should lie divided upon his vouii^'esl rhild alliiiii inj; lheii;;eot' I weiity-oue yeai'S, ( he iu( f(»i- the nmintenance of the family. Meld, also, that the <;ift vested in each child upon attaining the aj;e of twenty-one, and that no child wh(» did not attain that a};e was intended to tak<' a share of the corpus. J{i Itoiiijlan, Ul' (,». u. rM3. l'nst|i(iiu 7.H5. Where a tesiat(U' yives a lei'al«'e an abso lllillt of "^ ^ iiayinciit. lute Vested interest in a defined fund, s(> that accoi'eriod, «'.j^., till the legatei' attains the age of twenty tive. the Court will, nevertheless, oi'der payment on his atlaininji twenty one. for at that aj^e he has the powei* of chargiu}; or sellinji or assij^ninji' it, and the Court will not subject him to the disadvantap' of raising mon<'y by thestMueans when the tiling is absolutidy his own. So, although a legacy is directed to accumulate for a certain period, <'.g.. until tilt' legat«'e attains the age of thirty; yet if he has an absolute indefeasable intjM'est in the legacy, he may le qntre payment the nuunent he is comi>et('nt by reason of having attained twenty-one to give -x valid discharge. Unit V. Miiirne, 3 C. D. 278. I'.W.MKNT OF I.KiiACIKH. 267 7HH. AIiImmihIi Ic^'iili'cs iii«' noi cniiilcd in anv ^^'" '• ''K I • 1 • 1 i. ' •'''■'•■> ••II ciisr lo r'«'i'civc Ihrll' h'HihicM Im'Imit Hit* mji.v of |»ii viiiriil tnLiI t.. iinivcs. vrl iIm'v iirr niliilt'il loj^nt iiilo tlir Miyli Coml of ;'.',',',',',^, '" .histitc iiii«l pi'::,v tliat ii siinirinii sum hr sri iip;iri to .iiiswci- Hi.' Ic^iiicv when it slinll Ihtoiiic «liir. Imt not su if it is lu Im' r;iisc(l out of r«'iil ostiilc ilnirlrr v. Slmiili ririii:. 'J C.ix, l.'t. T.HT. NNJM M ii liiiid li;i»i Ihtii ii|t|»i(»|Miiit"'(i for ilic l.u>. i.n piynient of an annuity j^ivou Uy a will, a (|uc'.stion may laiim',. ,.f iiinsc wlictlicr liic Icjialcc is to sull'ci' the loss rousc(|Ucul '"'"'''• iipon tile piiiMial failui'c of llic fuiul. W'licro tlio iinnuily is a cliarp* upon tiio wiiolo pci'souiil rsiato. tli*- fxi-rutoi* raniiot allot llic lo^-alcc's ii;^lil t<» llio •niiir annuity liv any appioiuiation. iliiiwliin V. Iliiiidiii, (! Minlil. ',',\'2. THH. \\\u'\{' tlio <'.\is(<'n<(' and amount of a t«'s ''''^^''''"'^ • l.htsdt laioi-'s dclds ai'o contini^t-nt and dopond up(ui iId- i-osuU ixikIjuk of icpil ju-occt'dinfiH licforo a foioi^jn ti-il»unal. >vlii<-h |.'|'|^„'|'|,,',", arc not likely to Ix- siK-odily settled, the Touit in ad''''''''^-"*- iriinisterinj; his assets will m»t he indueed hy that cir < iiuistance lo dire. (7) Ti) irlidin Ici/drii's iirr la hr juiiil. TS1>. An execuloi- must he careful to pay le;;acies ^'^'■>•>"t^rs into the hands of those who ha\'e authority to I'cccive ),.jrii,.j,.st. r»L». s. :{•_• : WIlCIC I..V IfJIsnli III' IIm- ilil', Hicy or iil>>4'iii'c Icxiiiiil ilif Mt'iiM Ml' liny |(crsi
  • iiii1 I'^iiiic. or .Miiy purl ilicic..f .liiirKriil.l.' witli duly l,y virhii- ..f ilii. Act. the iicrsoii nr |irrsiins liaviiiK ^^\• Inking llic Imnlfii of niiy will t>r Ifstniiifiiinry inslrmnciil. <.r llic iKlinitiistnitinii ..r sii. h pes. .ml «'sliilc, niiiiMtt pay siicli Iffiiiy or .smiM' part llifrc.r. jilll kIi Iu' may liiivf i'lTt'iis for lliat piirpnsc, nr ciitiiiui pnv mkIi ri'Ni.ln,. or soiiic piirt tliciror, uIiIiiiiikIi III- iiiiiv liii\c il >•' >-iii If Millie part tlicr. ui ill Ills haiiils, il shall Im« la«liil li.r smli pcrsiin to pay sinli Icuai'v oi nsidiic, nr any part ilnifni', i,r any siiiii i>l' iiiniicy nn arioiinl tin ri'oi. into tlic ItanU ni" lOnt'laml, with the nrivitv ni' || K' ari'iiiiiitaiit III' till .\i!\ iiiii'ts nil iU'ciillll nt liiMIII tl'llillll'l'. <'(itirt nl' riianri-ry. lu li.' plarnl tn llic airniim nf ilm pir-nn lu- w liiis(« lii'iii'lii lilt' saiiH' shall lie sn paiil. 71^tJ. An I'Mclll ill- is IMll lioilllll Id |iM\ llic l<'n;|,\ Into (')Mirl lill llic cxjiiriition of a vcar rioin ihc Icsia loi-'s «lcaili. Mow far ail cxcciiloi' lan iiiaKc ailvaiircs foi- main Icnanrc on aciount of a Icj^acy will lie disriisscil later in llic rliaplcr dcalinji' \vl;ii llic iliiiics aiiJI. Wlici'c a Icyarv is ^i\('n la a Icnjn,.,. wlio ill Mill nl has lieen abroad and not heard of loi' a lon^' time, I he '^''" Toiiit may, in jiroper case, i)resnmc him lo lie dead. The executor may avoid all responsiliilily by payin^i ihe amount into Court. .Nntii-ini 71>l. .\ii executor who receives notice that a ItgaA. " hjjatet' has charpd his ley;a('y is bound to withhold all further payment to him, and the exeeutor can create no new ihar^es or ri}:lit8 of set-otY aft«'r that tinu'. Stephens v. ^'(■lHlbh•s, 30 Ben v. G'-T*. I'.WMKNT (»l- I.KfiACIKS. 20!) Ti^a. A |Mi\\fr is NoiiM'iiiiH's jrivcii |*» InislrrK or '"""."■>■ i|>|H>nit t'XcciitorH tc» :i|)|HiiiM ii rfiiiiiii Sinn oi iiiniirv ixrlllV tlh' (|n|iiM> of IIm' powtT t'lulii a sli:il'r of silrli |ii()|»'i-l V, iiN " Id iill :iihI cvjiy •hihl or rliiUlrcii " ol' ilic h'siiilor, or (o iiiiv oIIh'I- itrrson; in snch cnsr it wonln of (ln» powci- if ilio ^rcalcr |iiirl III ilir t'nnil )>*' ^ivcn to oii<* of tin- rliihirm iinlriliiitil us scpii-Sj,.. iiic iMtcd from the ;icucijil cstulc iind iippropriiilcd ul tlic'^''^"'' tiiiic of the Icstutiu-'s dcutli, und cousc(|iicutlv from thiii period whiitcvcr produce uccriics iiptui them, :iud noth iliji" Uiore or less. 1k'1ou;i;s Io tlie le}4:;it<'e. Therefore, where tliel'e is a s|M'ci(ic. h'^ucv of slock, the divi(h'iids l»eloii;^ 1(» llic h'j^utee frcuu the deulh of (lu» testulor, and it is iniimiteriiil wliellier llie euj(»vment of Ihe i)riiicipiil is p(»slponed l>y Iho leslalor or not. Sco 7'i/»»i(T V. niirk. L. R. IS Kt]. :]()1. TttS. (ieneral lei^acies in tlieir ualiire carrv <;• n' i.ii iiiteresf. wliicli must bo comitulcd from the time at which liie ]uinci|)al is actually due and ])ayable. In a case wliero tlio testator lias not fixed any tiuu' of ]iayment. the <'xecutor is by law allowed one year from tho testa lor'a dontli to ascerlain ju,;l s<'ttle his alTairs. at the end of wliicli timo the Tourt, for the sake of <;eneral con venionco, prosunioa tho porsonnl estate to have been reduced into ])Ossossion. T'^pon that firound intorost is piiyablo from that timo. unless somo other period is fiMed by tho will. Wood V. Ppvrvrr, 13 V(««.. .•?.33. 'I ♦270 lit'jfiu'V in Niiisfac til III III' drill. I.('^':ir\ liy pMlrnl. Jlllflist. ruiiiliu'ii- ci's ill nut (if \«';ir. Aiinui.'v iiiliTt'st I'll. KXKCl'IOKS AM) ADMINISIHAroltS Tim. h" ;i l(';>ii(\ is «lt'cr('(Ml lo Itc :{ sjil isfiict inn of ii (Icht. Ilu> Coiirl iillnws inln-cHl Iroiii tlir (l<-;itii oT llic l( stiiior. riiirkr V. Snrtll. ;! Atk. l»!t. HOO. In |ii(> ciisc of ;i li'^iiicv ;;i\rii In a tliiitl li\ ;i |>iiifiii. nr one ill l Iroiii liio coiHlilion of liic *'slatt> ini jiraclit-ablo. and aillion^li llic assrts liavo hri'ii iiiipio (iinlivo. i'isiiir V. itriiiUji, ;;o r>(>iiv. 'i*\s. .HOtJ. All aniiiiilv lit'stowcd l»\ will witlioiil iikmi tioiiiii^ aiiv time ol' paviiiciil is roiisidorcd as roiiiiiiciif iii^ IrcMii tiio (Icalli of I ho Icslalor. and llio liist |ia_viiu'iii is duo al llio ovitiralioii of oiio voar. I'idiii wliirii poiiod iiilorost may Ito clainiod in cases wliero it is allowel al all. fe '•""■'•'I'll"' .S0.5. ii.Miii'iit. any appliciition lor interest upon tlio arrears ol annuities .t;i\iii l»y will, unless in ease ,\ here llie person eliaijied with the |»aynient ol' the anniiilv has al l.'iw incurred a t'orl'eit lire l)y lutn |tayiiient a;iainsl which he is obliged lo seek relief in Mipiily. Tliere no assislaiiee will h" f^iveii him by the roiirl except n|)on leniis of l-lqiiity. iijinndy: — l>y conseiiiinji lo jtay the ••ranlee of liic annnily the arrears due with interest. Tuitv V. lUoKii. ■"( II. L. ('. ."iTS. Tiuu' iif paynieiit N04. \V here the time of paymcnl is lixed li\ ti'st;lti>r. fix.di.y ili(> loslalor. the jionenil I'ule is that Hie lejiacies will not cai"i'y inlerest before llie arrival id" the appointed lime. as. for instance, when tlie le;falee shall iittiiin 1*1. in»i" will il make any ditVerence that the lejijicy is vested. Vurhii V. Wiiiii, 2 Ka.v & J. 700. I'.W.MKNT OK I.HJACIKS. 271 MOA. W'licic, li(»\v<'V<'r, i\ fiiiid is scvtrcd imiiH'- l''ini'l VI'M'll I.Ik ^il'l. not oiilv is lii<-<;it't vrsltMl. lull riiri'ifS iiitri'cst, tlMMi^li the only i^it'l is in n (lit-(>rti«)n !<» |iii,v ii ill :i tiitni'c time. Ihinilitx V Wolfr Minnni, I ll'iiim. iV M. I'-Ti. .SOO. If the lcs(;i(»»i- is tilt' jiiircnt oi' in loco int.r.^t (liirt'iiiis (»r llic Ir'jiiilcr. wln'tlirr the It ;;ii( y he vfstt'd or I oiitin^ifnt. it' tlif ic^iit«M> Im- nttt iin nilnlt, interest on tin le^iiifv is iillo\Nt'7. 'I'liis exception is not extended in fnvor of nephews iinil nieces inir t»f ^iriimlchildren unless tin- lestiitttr Wiis in loco parentis, .SOM. Whei-e the Itiivnieni td" \\ |e;;iicv is odst ''iiviii.r.t |itined by n lestiitttr to \\ future peiiod, ns until t he iMistponxi it't^atoe iittiiiiiH '21, and llie will directs tlnit when that jteriod iiiii\fs the piiynn-nt shnll he nnide with init-resl. the le//;/, D Sini. It;<>. ('(Mit.ini,'- rjiilitular llLMCV. ^ill. The nile is otherwise willi i'es])e<'t io con- tiiiv,('i>< lefjjuics. So. where ;i ]>iii*liculiii' iej^Mcv. Ihon^li vested, is not jijiviiMe till L'l. jind iiothin}^ is s;iid in (Ik- will tliat shows the testator's intention to y:ive interest in the niciintiine. in such ciis(\ if the lej^acv be divested by the death of the lejjfatee before attaining; 21, his personal representativi's cannot claim thie interest aacy is jjiven. even continji'ent ni)on th<' event of the le}i;atee attainin<; iM. with interest in the meantime, and the le}jcatee dies be fore that aye. the arrears of interest up to the time of his death will, it seems, belong' to his jiei'sonal repi'e- tatives. Krrhiiitoii v. CliiipiiKni, I'J Ves. 20. lut.Mtst to .SlJi. Interest ujion legacies is to be ('(nnimted on III' I'liii- ' ^ ' iiui.il (11 the princijial only, and not upon the ]>rincipal and ' ' "^ ' interest. I'nder particular circnmstanees the Court will allow the lejjatee compound int(M'est. as where there is an express direction in the will that the executor should lay out the fund to accumulate and he nejilects to do so. linphacl V. Budtiii, 11 Vos. 92. I'AVMKNT OK i,k<:a('Ii:s. '273 H14. A Icsliihix bv lici- will din-clcd dial a Ir^r- •'<«>«'■>';'" (if Slllf llf ncy Hhouhl be paid oiil of Hm' [uocri'ds of Iht* sab' of biiuls, Un<\>* aixl (hat the lands slionbl bc> Hold at any tiin(> within two years after her death. Held, that interest upon the legacy should be al lowed from the ) fii irluil nirrcnrij kijdc'ws are In hr paiiJ. HIT. Where leijacir's ar«» uriven m-nerallv it will '^'"^t '»• '" be presumed that the testator intended that they slKtuldcoimtry of be paid iu the money of the country in which he was' domiciled, and the will was made witliout regard to the <'uri'ency of the plaee where the legatees reside. Yate^ V. Madden, 10 Sim. 013. K.R.A.— IB loniicilf 'M T' 274 -: Before Wills Act. Since Wills Act. EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATOHS. (10) The payment or delivery of specific legacies. 810. liefore the Wills Act the general rule was that in order to confine a bequest to the djite of the will the expressions must refer unequivocally to the property which the testator then had, otherwise they would not be allowed to have that effect. Thus, if the bequest were general, as of all the testator's goods in a particular house or place, whatever personal chattels were found there at the time of his death would pass though not there at the date of the will. Beaufort v. DmOonald, 2 Vern. 739. 820. By section 20 of the Wills Act, the will of every person who has died since the 31st of December, 18GS. or afterwards, is construed with reference to tlio real and ])ersonal estate comprised in it, to speak and take effect as if it had been executed immediately before the death of the testator, unless a contrary intention appears by the will. S2I. ri is tlie duty of execjitors as far as possible Articles Hpecifically bequeatii- to preserve articles specifically bequeathed according to ed. Who has rijflit of selection. the testators wish, and unless compelled they ought not to apply them to the payment of debts. It is also the duty of the executors to get in all the testator's estate, whether specifically bequeathed or otherwise and the ex- pense incurred in so doing must be paid out of the general estate as part of the expense of the administra- tion. CUvc V. Cliiv, Kay, 000. S22. If i\ testator dying solvent bequeaths to A. a given number of articles forming part of a stock of articles of the same description, as, for instance, if he has twenty horses in his stable, and bequeaths six of them, the legatee and not the executor has the right of selection. Taplcv V. EagJeton, 12 C. D. G83. PAYMENT OF LEGACIES. 275 823. If n testator directs liis executor to deliver a l '""!>«»«<> specified paclcet, part of the pr(»perty of tlie deceased, to '"" a particular legatee, unopened, the executor cannot con- aistently with his duty comply with this direction. Pelham v. yeicton, 2 Cas. Tomp. Lee. (11) Ekciion. 834. It is a principle of Equity that a person who Principle accepts a benefit under an instrument must adopt the" whole, giving full effect to its provisions, and renouncing every right inconsistent with it. If, therefore, a testator assumes to dispose of property belonging to A., and de- vises to A. other lands, or bequeaths to him a legacy by the same will, A. will not be permitted to keep his own estate and enjoy at the same time the fruits of the devise or the bequast made in his favour; but must elect whether he will part with his own estate and accept the provisions of the will, or continue in the enjoyment of his own property and rc^ject that bequeathed. WoUaatcn v. King, 8 L. R. Eq. lU.'i. 825. The testator need not be aware that the pro-T maintain a suit a}>;ainst another who has t»een satisti«Ml, lieis»s. only le}j;al and valid but are in some measure favoured by our law. Wins. p. 901. H30. Where a becjuest. althouj;h not within ttie Difftrpnce statute, is merely void as beinjj to superstitious uses, suix-rstit the kin}; shall not take it beneficially, yet, if it be of a |,',",';,j"uiIib charitable nature, it shall not be so far void as that it "-^e^- shall result to the p^M'sonal r«'presentative of the testator; but the kinj?, under his sifjn nninual diiccted to the attor ney-fjeneral, may order to what purpose it shall be dis posed. Cases cited, Wins. p. 904. , i V ersonal, to charitable uses, yvt in the construction of it, it has been adjud^) d. that not only devises of land, and biMjuesIs of money to be invest - <'d in land a>-e void, but also such beipiests as in any manner att'ect or relate to interests in real i)ropeity. Thus, bequests of money charj,'ed on real estate, or of money to arise from the sale of real estate, or the jiro- ceeds of j;rowin}; crops, bequests of terms for yeais.'or of money due on mortgaj^e, are within the statute, and void. So, where a testator, who has jjiven his personal estate to charitable uses, contracts to sell real estate, but the sale is not comideted in his lifetime, his lien u]Hm the estate for the amount of the purchase money is an interest in land within the statute, and the purchase money will not pass by his will to the diarity. So it has been held that shares in joint stoclc com])anies, as canal, dock, railway, water-works, {;as-li};ht, and bank- ing companies, and the like, are not within the statute. 279 fTI*^ 2H0 I 1 ! 4 iiftN 1(1 rii'Ct kcIiooIh, He, VI till. (ilftH t>.' iiiijirovt' llUllltillgH already •'xiKting. ('liaritiil)l*' uses 4;{ Kliz. »•. 4. KXIXl'TOIIH AN1> ADMINISTUATOIIS. iiolwilliHtiiiMliiip: real rsliiti' forms \u\v\ of llicir |>i'o|miI v. And so oC ii (iciM'iitiirc or ImiikI (not iiiiioiiiiliii^ lo a iiioil^ap;*') ^ivni b,v sim li a (-(Miipanv lo st'ciiic a debt. lUntliiiij V. Mtnriiitt, l!> Mfiiv. 1«»;{. Mil. 'I'lir slaliilc having in (<>iins |»i-oliil)il<' itiircliasc of land Tor any rliatilabb' use, it has Itrcn cstaldislu'd tliat a ^11 1 t(» ('!'<'<■! a scliool, or ainislioiiscs, or other buildings of tlial l applied simply in the am<'liorati(»n of lands in niorimain. or for bnildin^ upon them, or repair inu buildings ali'cady erected, is not within the statute. The K>n is only voi. 1H."». H4tl. In the Stat. 4:{ Kliz. cap. 4. f^ifts for relief of ajj^ed, impotent, and poor people, for maintemmce of sick and nuiimed soldiers and mariners, for ease of poor inhabitants concerning!; payment of taxes, for aid of younj; tradesmen, handicraftsmen, and persons decayed, for relief, stock and maintenanj-e of liouses of correc tion, for marriajfes of poiu* maids, for education' and pre ferment of orphans, for schools of learniufj;, fn'e schoids, and scholars in universities, for relief or redemptiim of prisoners or captives, for rej)air of bridjijes, ports, ha- vens, causeways, churches, seabanks, and highways, are enumerated as charitable uses. lU'(iuests to any of the purposes specified in the last-mentioned statute, or to any purpose of a similar nature, are considered as be within the Statute of Mort- Sim quests to charitable uses main. I'AVMKN'I' or I.KfiACIKS. H4t. TliiiN not only lM'(|iii>ts for tin- iMlnciifion or I'clirt' of the pool', iiH Itv 1110:1ns of srliools or liospiliilH, or to tlio poor iiiliiiltiliiiils, or lo tlio widows iiii \irn\ 2L'U. 2H1 i I Ulr"^ fM ■■U H4!i. Ill cjisi's win'iT llicrr is :i ;m'(|ih'sI lo pjir l'ply. iic roiiipiinicd bv ii diH|iositioii void bv tlic opcralion of llio Hiiiliitc; ill (Im'ho ciiHcs the nilo is, lliat if llic two ob jorls sire not insopiiniblv biciKlcd. the bopH'st in favor of (lie iinobj(M'noiiabl(> purpose will bi- supported, a! tliiHi^h the (haritable disposition sbali fail; but if the iiliobj so mixed up with t lie piir pose of the charity, as to be dependent upon it. the be 4jneH( must be considered indivisible aii. Ii04. M40. A ^ifl over to take elTect if the previous charitable uses. Mtiiirr v. H/i. iif Ihirlmiii. 10 \is. ."(•Jl*. 84S. Where a charitable purpose (in the techni- Court will oaJ sense) is expressed, however }j;enerally, the bequest tr. shall not fail on account of the uncertainty or failure of the object: but the particular mode of application will be directed by the Jli}?h Court of Justice. Cases f.-ltcd, Wms. p. 924. h. •7"! 1 *>>' i J 1* r ! ; I ; ' 282 lifjffwy to Nii|M:rNtit- inllH UHt!N, KXKCUTOHS AND ADMINIHTUATOHH. M41I. A Ir^ary t«> ,i hii]m i-HtitiniiH use in (>xpliiin<>«i in Elmsky V. Madden, IM Cliy. IJSd, as a I«?pi(',v which is in- tended to proiiioli' H(Mno doctrine contrnr.v to hivv. Sucli a legacy is void, 'i'he statute which oiiginally prohihited this sjiecit's of legacy was I Kdw. \'I. c. 14, b\it in the case cited of Elmslnj v. Madden, that statnti' was dedaied inapplicable to this Province. In tliat ld. In England as late as 1S8(> such a bequest was held void. {He, Flrclwood, IT) Ch. D. 50(5.) .\n On- tario instance of si becpiest being held void on the ground of its being stibversive of Christianity is furnished by the case of Kinsci/ v. Kinsfi/, l!(» (). U. !M>, where a bequest for the promotion of free thought and free speech in the Province of Ontario was set aside. HSiO. As to wills of testators dying before tln> 14th day of April, 1S<)2, the Statute of Mortmain renuiins in force and the law stated in above paragraph con- tinues. Hut as to wills of testators dying on and after the 14th day of April, 1SJ)2, the statute R. S. O. 112, known as The Mortmain and Charitable T^ses A2, e. 20, s. 3. Land de- 4. Land may he devised by will to or for the benefit of any vised to eharitable use, but, exeept as hereinafter provided, such land shall, lie sold " 'if>twithstandinff anything in the will contained to the contrary, be sold within two years fronj the death of the test;itor, or such ex- tended period as may be determined by the IliKh Court, or a Judge thereof in Chambers. Out. Stats. 1892, c. 20, s. G. liiiw in Ontario. K.!S. (>. KMtr, c.ir.'. TAYMKNT OF I.KJJACIKS. 288 r itrovidcd, Im* In-id to or for th«' benidit of tlif !>♦. laid dut, <'Lnrit.il)l(> uses as thoUKli iIhti" liad liccn no direction to lay it oiil inland, in the purchase of land. Onl. Slats. ISltl.*, c. !'(», s. (i. 8. Moi.oy charged or sccurcil on lnnd or otin'r pj-rhnnal esl ate Mortmain nriHluK from or connected with land, shall not he dceniod to he ^"l'" ,I'i".."t|,'^" ject to the provisions of the statutes known as the Statutes of Mort- inipure main, or of charilalile uses as respects the will of a person dyinj: oii l"''"'*"""l'y or ifter the 14th day of April, IS'.CJ, or as respi>cis any other mant or gift nindf after the said ilale. Out. Stats. ISDJ, c. li O. R. 038. Ldbntt V. Campbell, 7 O. R. 2I')0. Toomcy v. Triicrp, 4 O. R. 70S. Mim-aji V. Mnlinu, 10 O. R. 40. Fairirrll v. Farewell, 22 O. R. .'7.'?. Effect of codicils on Mortmain. Jlolmea v. Murray, Vi O. R. 7r»0. \ 1 J t 1 M i-'i'l 1 a 1 "] ■K iH i'f' r 284 EXKCUTOISS AN'I) ADMlXIsrUA I'OllS. ClIAPTEK V. C0NST1U'JJ. W'Ihmt. jis is us\ijillv llic <'jis(', the csliitc of :i (Icccjiscd jK'i'soii iiicliidca IjoHi real and pci'.^oiial ])i'()|)('i't y, tlic cxcciitoi* of a will is hound to carry out (he tcstaloi's iiilenlions with rcjiai'd to the land as well as to the \>vv sonalty. The (|U('slions wliicli arise must hv determined by a construction of the will. S*'54. AVhere there is an intestacy, the devolution of real estate is pi'ovided for by statute as will i>res*'ntly he seen. Hut since the Hevcdution af Estates Act. both real and personal jtrojuMly devolve on the jiei'sonal repre sentative. Theicfore, in case of an administi'ation with Avill annexed, real as \v«'ll as personal property will devolve on the administrator — the former subject to the Avill, the latter under tin statute. \-i\ M H»>*>. Ilenc«> so lonjj; as executors and administrators Iviilcs fur tii)ii of had only to deal w ith juM'sonal i)roperly. treatises relati latiiiR to lands. nir to theii- poweis and duties were i)r<»perly contined to the subject of pers(uial i)ropei'ty. I'nder thi' ju'esenl slate of the law. the subject cannot be sa;<». A jilance at the larj^c volumes d<'voted to this subject will shew that to attempt to include even their jiis* in these pa^i'es would be imjiossible. .Ml that can bi' done is to shew that certain ditliculties have been I'enioved by statute, explain what those difticullies were, and state the statutory f*oluti(Mi. It will be found that many (»f the ditliculties which have been removed are those more commonly occurrini;. These statntorv rules are known 285 CONSTRUCTION SECTIONS OF WILLS ACT. iis the ('onstriiction Scclioiis of llir Wills' A»l. R. S. (). KS1)7, cliiiptci- ll'S (stMlions 12(1 to ;'>S iiichisivc). ■_'."». No c'onvi'.vancc nr "IIkt iict iiiiidc or (Imic siiliscqiKMiily \n tin- fxt'cntioii of a will, of or relating '<> any real or personal estate therein eoiiipr'sLHl, except nn act by which such will is revoked ns aforesaid, snail prevent the operation of the will with res|M"Ct to such estat« or i'lterest in such real or personal estate ns the testator hud power to disiiose of liy will at the time of his death. K. S. (>. ISST, c. J 09. s. 25. S.17 By section 8 — section 25 does not apply to iIk- will of jiny pcison who dictl bcfoi-c the 1st of .T;iiuiiii'y, ls)i!>, but iipplics to llu» will of evt'fv [xTson who has S. 'J'i. (1) Every will shall lie eonsti'iied, with reference lo the real and personal estate comprised in it. to speak and take effect as if it had been executed immediately before the death of the testator, unless a contra/y intention apiM'ars by thi' will. U. S. <). |SS7, <•. KUt, s. L'C. {'2) This section shall aiiply to the will of a married woman luailo (luriiif; coverture, whether she is or is not possessed of or entitled to any sejiarate pro;)erty at the time of inakiiiK it, anil such will shall not reipiire to be re-executed or re-published after Ih'' death of her husband. Out. Acts, 1S!»T, c. 22. s. 2. H*iH. By section 8 — section 26 also does not apply to the will of any person who died before tlie 1st of January, iS(i!>, bill: iipjilii's <(► the will of evei-y person wlio has died since the .'{1st Deeeinber, 1S<; . .H5t>. In wills made before the Ist of January, ISrtO, • 'Vt'iy devise of freelitdd bnid,'^ sjteaks from (h(^ date of llie will, and describes only the land then beloiijiinti to ilic testator. HOO. A codicil republishes the will so jis lo make Codicil til.' will speak from the dtilo of Iho codicil, and include ;;'i','|;''''^'"' lauds ac(|uii('d befcire the date of the codicil. Hut a codicil does not i-evive ii lejiiicy revoked, adeemed tu- sat is lied. Poirys V. MaiisflvUI. li Myl. & fr. .",7<>. . No act iis '<. piopurty iiiiiiii'ij in a will to prevent operation of the will as to say interest left in tes- tator. I in 11. .\ct 1 V. c. 2(1 s. 23. Wills speak front death Imp. .\ct 1 V. c. 2(1 s. 24. Iin)>. .A(;t "i(i-.57 V. c. o;? s. ',1 * ♦ 28vT EXECUTOllS AND ADMINISTKATOU.S. I iWiucsts 861. A bequest of lejiseliolds speaks from the date ot lease- ^ liulds. of the will, and does not include after acciuired lease- holds nor a renewed lease. Jamvs V. Dean, 11 V'os. 383. Liiuuls fdii tract t'd t(i be pur- <;luisf(l. l>nn(l.sc'(m- tra'jted to be sol, descriptions of real or personal estate refer to and comprise the property answerinjr to the description at the death of the testator. S64. Witli r('Sj)ect to lands contracted to be pur- chased by testator (includinji' lands contracted to be i)ur- cluiscd after the dat<' of will) a j>;eneral devise of testator's lands in<'ludes lands contracted to be purchased by testa- tor, l»ut not actually conveyed. Arhn-lcU y. rcniou, 10 Mod. 518 S05. Lands contracted to be sold are lands of which th«* testator was a, trustee, and the lej^al estate in them passes to the executor in trust for the purchaser, The devisee will not be entitled to the purchase money. If OSS V. Ross, 20 rii. 203. HUG. As regards {general powers of appointment the ellect of the LMUh and the 2Dth sections of the Act is to make all j-'eneral devises and beiiuests operate as an execution by anticipation of all {general powers vested in the testator at tlie time of his death, although created by an instrunu'ut subseciuent in date to tlie will unless tlie lanjiua<;e of tlie power be such as to forbid its bein^' ex- ercised by anticipation. SOT. Even special powers of a|>i)ointment created after the date of the will may be exercised by a becjuest contained in the will, if the bequest contains a suiticient description of the particular property afterwards made I m mn rule of «ec- tidii •it(. CONSTliUCTION SE'JTIONS OF WILLS ACT. 287 tlie subject of tlio power to show thnt the testator had the subject of the power in view, which is the test of execution as re{j;ar(ls special ])Owers. aiillman v. llVcrfon, IG Sim. 20. «««. Tluiv are two exceptions to the rub- hiid down f;^^';;i;;^ b.v section 2(>: (1) Wliere tlie date of the will as opposed to the death is distinctly referred to. Volv V. Srott, 1 Mai-. & G. 518. - (2) AVhere thei'e is a snfTicient particularity in the description of the specific subject of ^ift showiuf; th.at an object in existence at the date of the will was in tended. See \\(hh V. Itimu. 1 K. iV .1. .'SO. 27. I'lilcss a ('(Milriii'.v iiitcnliim appears liy the will, siicli real ostnte or intoro.st therein as is CDiiiprised or iiitomled' to l)e eoiii- prisod in any devise, in sncli will contained, whicli fails or Iteconies void by reason of the ih-ath of the devisee in t!it> lifetiin(> of tli(> testator, or l)y reason of snch devise hein^r eonti'iry to law. or (if any) eontained in snch will. H. S. (). ISST, c. lOU. S«!>. A LMft of the residuary personal estate of the Lapsed f : vis.s 'liup. thus, (1) A general r(>siduarv benuesi carries lapsed and -^^'l: ^ \: ■ c. !:(), s. \ii), v(>id lejiacies. Lcahr v. h'ohiusoii. 2 Mer. IJO?.. STO. A teslaloi' ni;iy show an intention to (online a rcsidiniry beart of the residue itself wliich fails. T?e- ^'""'^ • ' tatc, sidue means all of which no effectual disposition is made re Klue per- JW; ill 2BB K<'Hi(lurtry (it'vi.ses be- fort! Iwt Jan., 1874. Tiiteriiie- which eoiild he d(>S(i'ili(>d Ity it, sliall lie const rued to include his leasehold estates, or any of them to which such description will extend (as the cas(> may be) as well as freehold estates, unless ,a contrary intention appears by the \vill. It. S. O. 3887. c. 109. s. 28. f^' coNsi'itrcnoN sKcrioNs of wills a< t. •28! > ^■'(1 ^•,'( s H77. Ill wills luiKlc Itclorc the isl of .Iniiiiary, IsTl, " ii devise ol' liilids,'" or " liiiuls mikI leiieiiieiits,"' does not |iriiiiji. I'iicie iiicliide lejiseliolds lof veins unless ill Hie lime of liie devise (lie tesliilor Inid no I'leeludd liiiids iiiiswcriiij; t(» the desciipt ion. In wills iiiiide or repub- lislK'd (HI or iiller llie Isl of .liiniiiiiy, ISTI, e\er\- i^eneral (le\ise of iillids, elc, priliiii I'iirie iiirludes leaselndds for years iiH well iis I'reeliolds. !.".>. A Vi'llfiiil (1('\ ivc dl' ihi' I'rnI I'Slalf ul' lli.- tr-lalor <>y nl' lllr ,\ ^.'(.ii,.i;il iril fsljllr ul' llii' h^lillur ill ;ill\ phhi- (T III I he ipii|||i;i I ion i,( ;| ny '"''^ y^" ' ' rcaltv cir licrsoii infill iuiicil ill liis will, or di lirrw isc ilcst-riln'il in ii K'''i<'''''il iicisoiial- niMiiiicr. sliiill 111' ((iiislriicil t iciii'^ lo m- csLilc |i> wiiiili Midi ilcsiri )liiiii will cxicuii i:is the <-as.' ina.v '"'' |„.|tv um'i- wliicli lie may hasc iiowcr t'l apiiuiiit in anx' iiiaiiii'i- lir nniy I JiiiiU wlilcli tc^ iiiiiiicr, and sliali (iiici-alc as an rSfiiilinn ul' sin-li iiuwiT. unless ii ' "'■»* '^ . . Ki'iicral ( mil rii r.\ inlcniiun a|i|r(:u->i liy ilir will; ami in 11 vi- maiiniT a li (|iirsl |,,,\v(.ruf of llic pi'i'sunal cslalr ul' the Irsialur. ur any |pr.|uc-.t ul' pTsinial ''I'l''''"'- cstiiti' (Icsirilicil in ;i ^it'iicral iiiani"- shall he cunslriiiil lu iiirlii Ir |||||,'\,., any icrsuiial cslalu. ur any iicrsuiial estate lu wliiiji siiili (li'serip I \ . e. lid liuu will e.Menu las ilie ease may hei, wliicji he may have jiiwcr tu"' "'• .'i|i|>uinl in any inaiiiier lu' ma\ think |ii'e|'ei ami --hall up: rate a> an exeeiiiiun i<\' siii li pus\cr. unless a euiilrary iiihiiliun apit ars hy ili- will. K. S. < >. IssT, e. |n;», s. UK. •HT.S. ir it will does no! itiiijioii lo he in excciii inn of llie I'ni-liculill' power or of illl powers Visled in lite leslil- lor. de\ iscs and lieijia >l .■; (•(Milaiiied in i lie will prim i fmie do nol include properly nol llie leslalor's own. Imi on'c,' wliicli lie liiis !i jiower of disposition. u./j, V. iioi.ii'.r, 1 .1. iV w. :;.".•_'. .S71>. Itill if llie ]iio|ier'y silltjecl lo llir |o\\er lie siilliciinl ly desii ilied so llnii il is clciir tli.il llic lisl;iior li;l ADMIMSTIiAluKS. HHl. A ^ill l>\ \Nill (»r Icjiiicics Idfiiliciil wllli IIh- Miiioiiiil of llu' riind iltM's iiol ill ^ciicr;)) slinw iiii iiilciitiuii In cxcciih' llic power. Ihiii.s V. TliDiiiiK, .■'. I>c (i. iV Sill. I! IT. .HHU. .\s rci^iinls rciil csIjiIc: if ;i (t'stiildi- devise " ii!l liis IjiikIs" (ir " ;ill his l:iii(ls in .\./" or "iiil his roil esliile." ;iml h;is ii( Ihe lime of Ihe devise no l.-iiids of Ids *)\vii iiiisweriii;;' (o (lie deseriplioii, hinds over which he li;id ;i pow'i will p;iss l»_v the devise. II 1^ iit DiHtinc;- HHli. The L'lHli seclioii introduces ji disllnelion iwc.i'i'k'ii^"''^^'''''" K<'"<'''i'' powei's of jippoinlineiil iiiid speriiil •■''•'''"',"' powers. The hiHeriire iiiiiilleeted l»v Ihe Sl:i( iile. Imt powirs. \\i{\\ re^;ird lo ^ciieriil powers ^■enerul devises of reiil <'sliile Jilt.' deemed lo exieiid to y his will iiielVecliially iippoinled; (liiis, if n lestnlor in exercise ol" il licneiiil power ol" ;ip|MHnhiienl }iives £5,000 lo A., iind j^ives Ihe residue of his perstuuil esljile (o 15., iind .\. dies in llio leslalor's life lime, the 15,000 npiioiiiled to A. will pjiss under Ihe residiiiiry .uifl lo l». Hdiiiird \. Miiisliiill, 1 .loliiis., LIT'I. (;,,,„.,..,1 •">'*. ^^■llt■^(■ :iii\' rciil csliilr IS . «■ -•>■ 28. SS»i». Tn wills made before the 1st of .liinuary, 1S74, u 'levise of lands to A. slniplicilrr confers an estate for life unless nil iiiteiilion appoar to the contrary. llofliin V. Jacl'nou, Cowp. 300. CONHTHrciloN ,Si;<'l'l()N.S OK WILLS Af'l'. .HSO. As tlic word "csiiilc" iiiiiy cillicr iiH-iiii i he "K tat.-.' |;mi-). .S.SH. A devise of " nil my elTects rrnl niid personiil " |);isses a fee simple of Inilds. l.nnl 'iniinxjliin \. Ildirimni, '2'2 ],. ,1. ('li. 'J'.',*i. .SH!I. In wills m.ide before the 1st of .hiiiniirv. |s7 I, l'i'l'^|i ' m ^ 11' [ if- m ■ ; |w ! '■ *fl' '■'. I ti'J'i KXKct ^(tltS AM) AI>MINISTHAT()KS. .H!>ti. Tilis s(Mli«»n iiiiplics only lo devises of ])!•( \ iously exisliliji est;iles di* iiilel** sts, illid not to llie «levi> ol' {in estiile ciL'Jiled hv llie will. Miliiills- V. //,/i<7,..v, 1(1 lliirc, ;!ll.'. .S!>;{. A de\ise of i-enls and pi'oliis lo A. wiilioiii words ol' liiiiihilion in ii will jnioi* to llie Is! of .l;inn;iry. ISTI. ]>iisses (iiilv iin eslnle t'oi" life. Iml in ji will niiide oi- repiildislied on or iiftei- llie Isl of .liinii;ii\ , isTl, :i devis of (lie rents jind iirolils of tlie liiiid will li_v foi'ce of tin .".Olli seclioii pass ihe fee silii|(le (d' (he liiiid. Sri' Ciniifiiid V. I.inclj/. 'JIJ <'li. 211. McMiiiii;; •"''• W'Im'I'i' .niy rr.il csliilf is (|r\ Im'iI liy !iii.\' Ifslatur, dyiiiv' words "licir" iiinl " licirs " tsliall ln' ciiii sd'iii'il (ii iiicMii tlic iiorsim or imtshhs tn wlmm surli real o.sliili- Would di'siciuV iiiiilcr (ho liiw of (Mitariiv in case of au iiitcslaiy. K. S. (>. 1.SS7, 0. l(ii», s. ;ji. Iiii)iiii't I if wnrii.N •'die W illliillt is^nc," nr tn tli;it CtflTt. Imp. .\rt., 1 \'. e. -'11, s. li'.l. .'!'_'. Ill any devise or lieqiiesf of real or iiersoiial estate tlit> words "die witlioiil issue,' or "die williout leaving; issue," or "have no issue," or any oilier words wliiili iiiipui-t eillier a want or failiiri' nf issue (d' an.\ iiersmi in Ills lifeliiue, or at the lime of his dealli, or an iudelinile fiiiiire of liis i^ sue, sliiill lie eonsiriied to niciin a want m- failure of issue in the lifetime or at thi? time of the death of siieh person, and nut an indeliniti' fjiilure of his issue, unless a eoiitrai\ intention appears by the will, hy reason of such person haviuj^' a prior estiite tail, or of n, preceding Kift hein>r, without any ini pliealion arisiuu- from .siuli words, a liuiilatioii of an estate tjiil in such iierson or issue, or otlu'rwise; Imt this Aet shall not extend t" eases where siieh words as aforesaid impcu't if no issue d'eserihed in a. preceding f,'ift he born, or if there be no issue who live to attain tlie airi', or otherwise answer the description reiiiiired for obtaining; a vested estate by a preeedini,' Kifl to such issue. I{. S. O. 18.*^T. e. itiu. s. :i-j. y 1 i 'i A-- \i m ii bI E k iii 1 !( Klf.'ct of thiily-sc- coiiil sec- tion. H*M. KlTeei of Ts^nd section.— If I'in n will since 1st elnuiiary. 1S74.) real estate be devised lo A. and his heii's. or lo A. indethiitely, witli a limitation over to take olVei t on the death of A. without issi;e, or without htivinj; or leaving issue, A. will not (as before) take an estate tail m CONSTIIUCTION' SKCTIONS oK WILLS ACT. widi I'f'iiiiiiiMlcr over, bill nti csliilc in fee, with an cxccii- Kirv «!('visr •)vcr in llic cvciil ol' his Mciilii willioiil issin' liviii};- ill liis dciilli, .Sll.!. Set. if llic dcvfsc 1»(' to A. for lilV, with m liinitii- lioii over on Ills ti the dciitli of A. witlioiil issiit'. llic j^ifl over will not ins hcforci l»c void for rciiiolciicss. lull will Ijikc cll'cci iis ii coiitiii^i-ciil cxcciit<»i\" lict|iicst. ii|>on llic dciilli of A. willioiil issue living ill liis dctilli. ■HOT. Ill Older lo imderstiiiid section '■\'2. it is ncces- siiiv lo prciiiise lliii! sci'lion '.'A only ii|>plics lo n ciisc wlicre llic word "heir" or "heirs" is used, iiiid no con iiiiry or other intention is siuiiilicd liy ifie will. Cnscs where such other iiileii(i(»ii is si<;iiilicd niiist llicrcforc be I nnsidciM'd. .SS^H, L'lu'cr ,1 devise to "heirs niiile of the Itody " llic heir nmle of the liody tjikin;: liy pnicliiise in <•. " Heirs niiile u{' llio body" or "issue niiilc'' iiiciin dcsccndiints in the niiilc line only, tliiit is males cljiiiniii}; thronjih niiilos. Banal v. Bcnml, y My. & Cr. TtDl). OOO. In a deed Ji liniitiilion to 1\. iind his licirs nnilc confers iin estate in fee, the word " niiile" hvlu*^ rejected iis r( ini^iiiint; but with respect lo de\isos. llic ruh' is Ihiit heirs male in a will mean "■ hcir.s nnile of llic hody." Lindsay v. CoJyear, 11 Eiist, 548. 2U3 Scipjic of I )f\'\>i- t. "Iii'irs mall iif 1m,(Iv." A. and lii- hcirs. Kl p u 'v_ ''?i' ■fh i < 1 1 ; '.' 'l ■ 291 'ill' I ; A. for 1 if, with re- iiiiiiiiilir tu " liiir'. IJillcM I if rcill.stnic- lillll cf word liiif. KXKOt'TOUS AM* AD.MINISTHAIOIIS. 1MM . A devise lo A. lor lilV willi niiiiiliMlt'i" hi lln- '* licir" (tr " licii' iiiiile of (lie Ixtdv " willKiul ^^^^(lM. Now in Avills made or republished on or after the 1st of January, 1S74, the expressions "die without issue," etc , are i>rima facie restricted to failure of issue at the death of the persctn, and therefore cannot have; the elVecl of restraining: heirs lo mean heirs of the body. If the exj)r<'ssions "on failure of issue" or "in de fault of issue," are not within the ;?2nd section, then in a case of a devise to A. and his heirs with a ^ift over on failure of issue of A.. A. will take an estate tail. Do vise to H. heir-at- law. (;?) If real estate is devised to 15. on failure of heirs f A., and ]{. is capable of bein*j^ heir io A., the word heirs'* is construed to mean "heirs <>f the bodv liul if Ii. be not cai)able of inheriting land from A., the mean- ing of the word " heirs " will not be restricted. IlarrLs v. Davis, 1 Coll. 42.'?; TiUhunjh v. liarhut. 1 Yes. Sen. 89. w m\ ('(•N'S'l'UL'CI'loN SKClluNs ol UII.I.S AC I'. 295 !ll «0:i. A nifl (.f n-iil rsliilc to the licir nfli-r llic (l<'i»lli (if ii piii'ticiiliir )M'i-s()ii is cMiisidciTil tHMCssiirily to iiiipiv hut so lllllrli iiii iiilciitinii to iMMM-tit tllMt |M-rsnn its ill) ill initioii to t'NcliMic llic lirir (Inrin;^ liis lilV. svliicli can only hf cllcclcd Itv l<'iiviii;4' a lilV cslalc t<» I lie |mt>oii in (incs lion, 'riiord'oic, if real ('st;it<' lit' (It'\ isrd al'tci' tiic (Iciitli of A. to I!., tin* iicii'-iit hiw of Ilic ifstator. and tlic will rontniiis no disposition (d' tiic in-oiicriy dniin},^ tlio lift' of A., A. tiikcs an cslato for life l»\ inipliiatioii ; hnt if 15. is not the licir-jit law .\. tiiUos no oslatc. /i(.;'. \-. Iiiliitiiiliniln iif liiiHinlidil, ',t It. iV ( '. lilS. 1MM. If personal cslato is {.livm to A. " oi- " his heirs i't-isonal ,,.,.. , , ,.,... , , < stilt*' t(l I he word " hens is read as a word not ol Imiitalion. hut ,\. or liis of substiliilion so as to prevent ;i lapse; hut in a ras(! of '""■*• i-eai estate, a (h'vise to A. "or" his heirs ^ives to A. an estate in fee, the word "or" hciii^i' read "an." Ii((i(l V. Sill II, '2 A Ik. 111."!. !IOf>. In desises of real estate the words " lieirs of the body" follow iii.u a ^ift to the ancestor, are words of liinitation, and create an estate tail not w ithstandinj^ the addition (d' other inconsistent words or exiiressions. ■luiiUin V. .\itiims, <) (". K. N. S. ls;i. $IOO. Words o! liiiiiiat ion. w liei jier 07. in direciicnis to settle lands h> way wofds " licirs of (In- liodv," tin •• TsMlf. "' • ■(|M i\illl||t tuiuii-uf sliilciiiciil is coiicft. lull wilii r<'<;ai-d to ilio woi'd " isstic till' ImhIv. there is a. ilillereiice. 'I'lie \v(M(I "issue" in devises of real estate is ]ii'iiiia t'aeie a word of liniitalion, aiiNsrm;<'iii»\ sii' rioss <>\ \\\\.\.s \( i. 'ili7 <'('iniiiiHl<-i-; jilllili tlii-rr lit- ii <^irt ovri' 1)11 r.-iiliiri- of iHsue of A. /,> iniiii Wi/iivli, Ti 1>. .M. (i. IS.S. !H I. A (Ir\ isr ul' n ;il cstjiH' lo A. ;iinl Ills rli'ldrcii, A. I>'^i'' I;' \. ;ilicl III-. llUVllI}-' lin rliildn-ll ill Ilii tiiiir ul' ijic (|t'\ isr vcsis III A . rl,il,li.ii. an csliilc liiil. (•Jiildi-'ii iniiii^ luiisidricd u-^ ;i wnnl .»!' liiiiiliiliuii. Wild'n I'lisi, I'l l!i'|i. 17. 1M»>. A Im(|iics| of pcrsoiiiil csiiitc lo A. iiiitl iii:-; U'i|ii.>t i.. I'll • • .' • • f /I 11^- ■'""' '"" <'liiMlr»'ii IS |ii-iiii;i Ijicit' ii jiitt to lln' pjiri'iil iiiid I In' ,iiililnii <'liildi'<'ii (•((iiciii'itiiily. 'I'liiis ir ii jiil't he iiiiiiicdiiilc. A. and liis cliiiditii lif anvi living at iIk' death 'viM. tu indelinil<'ly followed hy a j,nf( over on j'Onoral failure of wiili -ift' issue vests in A. an estate tail. "^'■'' Maclnll V. Wetdiiiy, 8 Sim. -I. 1H7. I'lit since the 1st (d" danuary, ISTt. a devise lo d,, vis.- 1.. a person indeilniddy with a ^ift over on his death w ithoiit ~''^''''' issue, will confer an estate in fee siiuple with an ex- ecutory devise over on death without issue livinu' at the death, and a devise for life with a like ^ift. confers only an estate for life. in.H. A liefiuesl of iiersonal estate lo A. with a ^ii( Htqu.-t t.. • scvitral. over on a {general failure of his issut', vests the j)roperiy in A. absolutelv. 'i i-l ■m I 298 KXECUTOliS AM) ADMINlSTRATollS. tHO. Tr" real oslnto 1m' devised (o several or to a class as (eiianis in eoiiinion with a liinitalioii over on fail'ire oi' issue of all I lie devises, cross-remainder in tail are prima facie to be imjilied anion«;sl lliem. AtkiiiHoir V. Itatt',11. 13 Do(}. 1\ & .7. 33i); Ray v. Clould, 15 U. C. J{. 131. 030. Ff ])ersonal estate be ji;iv<'n to several oi" to a class as tenants In commcsn f(»r life with a pift over on tlie death of tlie survivor, cross limitations for life must be implied amoiifjst tliein. I'rarcc v. Fdiiwadcf!, 3 Y &: C. 24(5. '•1:! ;: ! ■-'■'' \\ ' Mm !:! lii i n Dt.'vise to A. witli limitation over on (ifiitli tin- der L'l. Meiiniiiff of sec. SL'. [)ic with- out is-iuc in wills lieforc l^t Jan., 1S7I 1>2I. Tf real estate 1m devised to A. in fe(> simple with a limitation over in the event of A. dyins? mider twenty-one, or without Issue, the word "or" will be read •'and," and the <::ift ovei* will be construed io take effect only in the ev<'nl of A. dyin^ under twenty-one and with- out issue. J^ii/ht V Ihiy, 10 East, 01). !l!33. iravin<»- thus examined the manner of oreatinjr an estate tail, whether by the < jrrect use of technical terms oi' by implication, we come now to consider the meaninji: of section :>li. 02!{. Where there is a devise of an estate tail followed by a limitation over in the event of the devise<^ dyinji' without issue, llie rule foi' wills made before the 1st of .lanuary, 1S74, is laid down that the words '* die without issue" ai(> construed to mean the death of the ]H'rson sjioken of, and failure of his issue at the time of his » illi ov at any time afterwards, unless the context shows the meaning" to be confined to a failure of issue at the time of his death. i'miilt/ V. Cfiiniihrn. 2 ("1. & V. 421. 024. The rule applies to real and personal estate; thus, if real estate be devised to \. and his heirs, or to A. for life, or to A. indefinitely with a limitation over, in the CONSTRUCTION Sl-XTIONS OF WIIJ.S ACI', event of A. dyiiij;' without issue. A, takes an estate tail with reniain witli out IcilV- iii^j' isMUf ciiuiviilciit to "(lit) uitlioiit issue." 'dh'^ 800 EXKCUTOIIS AND ADMINISTIIATOHS. "die williout issue" will be restricted to a failure of issue at (lie death of the person whose share is spoken of. UiiiKlduli V. niiuiUiuh, 2 .My. ^V: K. 4H. I»ut under a devise to several and their heii-s iis tenants in counnon, with a j;ift over on the death of auv without issue 1o th(» survivors, the devisees will take estates tail. (o) AVlHM'e there is a devise to \. and his heirs with a jiift (ncr if A, should die under twenty-one, or liavinji attained twenty-one, shoiild die without issue, the words '' die withoiit issue" ai'e restrained to the failure of issue at the death. ('ili)V( )• V. M<)itckl< l?i 13. !i!' 1>27. Hut the cases in which "die without issue" are restricted to failure of issue at the death of a j)ersi>ji whose issue is si)oken of, must be distinj;nished from lliiisc in which, althoujih not so restricted, it Is still con tii\(d tu a failure of issue in the lifetime of certain otlier peisi)n> Thus if re.-il esiate be devised to A. and liis heirs, with a .uift over upon the death of A. without issue in the life lime of !»., and 1?. be living at the testator's death. A. takes an estat'e in fe(^ with an exeerson sjioken of and not an indelinite failure of his issue. Furlh V. Chapman, 1 P. W. 003. p^p CONSTIU'CrioN SIXTiONS OF WILLS ACT. 301 02«. riulcr section J'.L' in wills iiuidi' or icpnlilislMMl r;i.n-.tnic- siftci' (lio 1st of January, 1S74, in devises and beiiuesis of wills afur real or i^ersonal <'s)ale, tlie expressions ''die williout ,^,74/'"' issue," "die without ha\in;j;' issue," " (iie without leaviu''' issue," are (•((nsjrucd to mean a failure ef issue at the death of tlie jx'rson whose isiMie is spoken of, and not an indetinite failure of issue unless an intention appeal' to the contrary. '.V.\. Wiicrc any real cslatc is devised to a triisiee or exeiiiior, Wljcii dc such devise shall lie eoiislriied to iiass the I'ee siiniiie, or other the ^''■*'' ^" whole estate or interest uliich the testator had [lower to dispose of by ,,,,,.,,,11,,^ w ill in stieli real estate, unless a definite term of years aiisoliite or ile- siiiill puss tei'Miinalile, o»;in estate of freehohl is thereby t;iven to him t'xpressly J ,", r*!!'^^ or by implication. 11. .S. O. 1887, c. lOt), s. ','>'.'<. tut'.r. Tni|p. Act, 1 \'. c. L'C. fISiO. Two questions nniy arise r* spectino- thi' nature and qualit^'of the estate taken by trustees under a devise to them : — . 3»i. (1) What is the quantum of estate and intei'est, wiuu cs- benelieial as well as lejial. vested in the trustees for the [;'!',., '1"',^, active puriioses (if anv) of the li'usts reposed in them? by trustee ■^ '^ " ' under dc- (2) ^Vhat becomes of the lej.>'al estate (if any) re- tht'm. maining after the active purposes of trusts are satisfied; does it remain in tlie trustees, or pass from them t<» the cestuis (pu> trust? !IJ$I. As to the (|uantuin or estate tak<'n by the 1 iiis- tees for the active purposes of the trust, a devise of nal esttite to a trustee in trust to pay the rents and jn'ofils to A. vests the legal testate in the trustee, but a devise to a trustee in trust to ])ermit A. to receive the rents and profits vests the legal estate in A. lUnliv V. Uirnnioud. 4 M. 6z W. 429. OJI2 In devises to (rtistees, il is not necessary thai Word heir the word "heirs" sliould be inserted to carry the fee at I";^,',';.';^. btw; for if the puriioses of the trust cannot bo satislitd •:'""^ '''*•''>" fee. without having a fee. conils of law ^\iil so coiislrue it. 'I'hus. if in a. will i)ri V'^y 'li<' lesl'itor's debts and subjeet thereto in trust for imy liel.ts. ^^ y^ ^.,|.^.^ .,„ (>,,„i| ;,i,i^. j^e simi)ie. Mil Will aft. 1st .liUl., 1874. \yiu.ii.iH. vise to a trustee siuill liass tlie wiiole estate lie- yond what is requir- ed fur tile trust. I 111]). Act, 1 V. c. 2C., .s. :n. 1I!<4. In wills ina beiielioinl interest in sneh real estate, or iu liio stirplns rents and l)r()(i(s thereof, is not kivcu to any i)erson for life, or such lienetieial Interest is fiiven to any i)orson for life, hut the imrpnses "f tli(> trust may conliiiue beyond tho life of sueli person, such devise shall, subject to The Devolution of Estates Act, 1k> construed lo vest in such trustee the fee simple or other the whole le>;al estate which tlie testiitor h.'iil )io\ver to disi)ose of by will in such real estate, and' not an estat(> determinable when the puri>i)ses of the trust are satisfied. K. S. O. ISST, e. 10!), s. ;]4. Wills be- 1135. As rejjai'ds the disjiosilion of such legal estate .Iaii.,i.s74, as is not rec|uired tr) be vested in the trustees for the ^y.'t'.^V'n-.,,, active i)urposes of the trust: the rule is that in wills made '.■lie i;iK(^ii • ' bytrust. es |„,f,)j.,> fji,. ^f^^ .ijniuary, 1S74, wher(» real eslate is devis<'d to trustees. althoup;li with words of inheritance, prima facie tlu' trustees take only as much of the le}»al esiale as the i)ur])oses of the trust require. Blagravc v. Ulagravc, 4 Exch. 550. CONSTUUCTIOM SKCIIONS OF WILLS ACri'. 3oa , !>»«. TIk' rule iiiiidic's lo liiniliil ions lo inistccs inTm.tst.) InisL to |U'('scivc CO |)ns' rvt' iiliii.ii<'iil iciiiiiiiMlt'is. Tims if lands (■(niiinKiiit be devised to A. lor lil'e with remainder lo trnstees and I'CIMIllll- llieii' heirs in trnst to preserve conliniicnt reniaindei' ith reinaindei- lo the lirsl and otlu r sons ef A. in tail a \N there nd are no other contiiif^cnt remainders siil)se(|iientlv limited, the estate of the trustees, though not en tirely limited lo Ihe life of A., will be restricted to that period b.v implication, since the juiriiose (d" the trust cannot continue longer and Ihe remainder over will be lef^al and not e(|nitable, 1H57. Tfte rule that the estate laken by trustees •isComtruc restricted to the (piantity necessary for t'he i)erforman«t' ,|.H„it,. . 1?. 8(10. Annuity a oliargt' 1)11 tlie c'()r|iii!- !>ll. r>ii( if (he aniuiKy be a cliarj^e on (he corjius of the land, as if lands be devised to trustees in trust to pay (hereout an aiuiuKy to A., and subject thereto in trust for 1?., (he trus(ees take (he fee sinnde. /■(I.- I'ulls. S I), M. 'lOC. !l 1 ! 1 j^ 4- ■i 1 « Dovi.sc fol- poweris. «4tJ. r'T a devise (o (nis(ees upon (rus(s whieli I )i'\ is(> to pay rents anil on (i"atli to convey. Areaninjr of section-^ ;« and o4. slandinfi" alon<> would no( vest in (hem (he whole le<:;al es(a(e is i'>l!.t\\"d hy -^ power (o sell, lease or nior(p,aji(' no( limited (u i..e ]h rind < f eondnuance of (he active trusts, ihe (rus(ees arc held to takt' the whole legal fee and not a mere limited estate with a sui)er-added power to sell or lease. Wdtsiiii V. I'ldisdii, 2 IvXfli. ."(Sl. Uili. Similarly a devise to trustees followed by a jieneral jiower of leasinji' vests in them a fee simple. Kilni V. Ciinutt. 3 Dc (J. & Sui. ay the rents and pro(i(s to A. for lif(\ and after his death ito convey the es-tate to 15., the trus(ees (ake a fee simple, Shcllcij V. J-illiii, A Ad. & E. 582. !M.l. The rule that the lej^al estate vested in trus- tees is linii(ed to the amount necessary for the perform- ance of the active ti'ust re])osed in them" is now laid down by the ;>41h section. With regard to sections 33 and 34 their meaninj;- and elVect are (hus stated by Mr. Hawkins: Tho 3.^fd and 34111 sections of tli(> Wills Act linvo boon dosoriliod as olisciiro and ovon oonflictinpr: thoir moiininj;, howevor, will bo npproliondod by ob.sorvin>r, tliiit tho oord sootion, which speaks of ft L'(>.\sriti-(. ri(»N si:( rioNs of wim.s a• >illi|p|i' ny iilluT tlic wlmlc CSI.'IU' OV illtcll'Sl uf till' lrsl;llnl','" ri'l.-|irv to lln' i| H''! H' ''X "1' I'Stllli' In lie taken 1 1 \ a tIMlslcc I'dl- till' iMir.iiiScs III' the trust: while tile Illtli seetioil, wlliell (Icclafes llial a ilevise sliall Ve^I in inislecs ••the lee simple er ether the wliiile leua I eslale" in the premises ijevised, relates tn the clis|i(jsitinn iif the lei.'al estate hut reipiired t ir the purpiises 1(1' tile trust. The .'t.'lru seciimi eiiai-ts (iiat in nn ease shall trustees ni^ exerutiirs he helil. I'nr the purposes ul' the trust. In lake an inih'liuite term (jf years; tlu' ."Ilth seetinn enacts that where the estate ,,f liie trustees is nut expressl\- liniileil the.\' shall in all r:ises lake either an I'state ileterniiiialile iiu the life uf a iierscm takimr a lieueti( ial life interest in the pre lei-iy. er the ahsdlule leLial estate ill fee simple. t I'-lfecl (if the ."illh seeliuU. The .". 1 1 ll section seems tii have lieell chietiy aimed al the dectriiie. imw (as liel'(u^e nliservedl aliamloiicd, tt{ a deteriiiinalile lee. lis iipi'i at inn in ether respects will 111" as fulluw s; 1st. The iiriliu;iry ease nf .•! devise In trustees in trust tu jiay lie reals and i.relits to A. luf life, ami alter his decease in trust fer I'., and his heirs, is Idt mialtered; the le,i;al estate will still vest in P.. alter the death nf A. Sii. in the i;ise of a devise to .\. fur lite, with the remainder to trustees and their heirs in trust tu preserve cuiii iuLreiit remain lers. with remainder lu the first .•ind uther suns ul' A. in tail, with vesiel remainders over: liie eslale nf the tril-iees tu jireserve will still lie restricted liy im|ilicaliun tu the life uf A. 2dly. 'I'rusis in pay annuities will he altered. A ile\i-.e tn ti^ustces in trust in pay an aiinuii.v ti> A. I'm- life, and siilijeci therein in trust, fur H., will nuw vest in the trustees the wlmlc lei,'al fe.' simple, and uut jiu estate diiriim' the life nf the annuitant, alllmiiuli the annuil.v he payalde nut of the annual rents and prulits uidy. ."'illy. Trusts during: miiinrity will present a dilferencc IT the devise he tu trustees in trust tu a|i|i'y the rents and iimlils fur the niaiuteiiaiiee ul' .\. diirinu' his miiiurit.v, and when A. attain-- twcniy- Diie in trust fur .V. diiriiiu: his life, with rermiinders uver. the lei;al estate will still as hidnre vest in A. uii his altaininv' I weiily-unc. inasmuch as thi- heiielicial interest is jriven |n him fur lil'e. and the luirpiises nf the trust caniint cuiitinue Iniiner. I'ut it" the devise tie (jifter the trust diiriiii.' minnriiyi in trust fur .V. nil his attainiii!,' twentyuue. in fe(> ur in tail, and nut I'nr lite Diily, the seetinn will apply, jind the wlmle le;:-al estate will rem;iiit ill llie trustees, sn thill the estate nf A. will lie equilahle uuly. It may be a (|!iestinn whether, if the trusts declared are In jiay the rents jiiid prnfits tu several persniis (nut tu une nidyi sucei s-ivel.v K.K.A. L'O 805 !^ ) 306 EXKCUTOKS ANI> ADMIMSTHATOltS. a, ' '• H It ., i : ^" W: If l1 • i i ! IHill i 'll i I ' I Wlll'll (Ic- viae of I's- tiilcs tail sliiill not \ii])si' Imp. Act. 1 \'. c. •_'() s. :V2. < lifts to i-siit! who l";ive is.suc on ti'stat- (il-'s (ll'iltll shall not lapsi' Imp, Act 1 V. c, 26 s. 33. for lire, with rcniiiindcrs ovci*. tlu' h'^al cstiitc will vest in tho tnistfcs in fee simple or for the lives of tlio rcsix'ctivc persons Inkiiiu' lieneli(i:il life interests. The section apifears tf> iiitply to every ease where tliere is no ex- press limitation of the estate to he taken liy Ihe trustee. altliouj:li the Kif's over to the persons henelicially iMititleil may be in the form of a direct devise to them. Thus, if the Kift be, " I de\ise \\'hitea<'re to A. and his heirs in trust fi> apply the rents and protiis during the minority of li. for liis henetit, and' when I?, attains twenty-one 1 devise Whiteaei'e to !>. " it would ippear that 111' trustees must, notwithstandinK the latter words, take the fee by foi'ci- of the IMtli section. The last two sections of tlic constriicUon clauses of tlie Wills Act . A\'h"re any person to whom any real estate is devise, s. 3."). ■'!(!. Where any person bein^r a cliihl or other issue of the testalath of ^;^n•h person, dies in the lifetime of tlu> testator. le:i\in;r issue, and any of the issue of such person are living at the tinu' of the death of the testator, such d'evise or IxMiuest shall not laiis(>. hut shall lake (>ffeet as if the death of such person had liai)pened im- mediately after the d(>ath of the testator, unless a. contrary intcn- tiou appears by the will. R. S. O. 1S87, c. 109, s. 36. ft;! ii : )■ s ; II l'AYMb;NT OF Till': KKSlDrK. 807 CHAPTKii VI. rAVMKNT OF THE KESIDUE. O-IO. When' the cxcciilor lins jwiid all llic siicccs- I'liynifnt sion (iiilics $he debts, llio fiiiu'ral and Icslamcnlary (>x- "^ ''''"'"" Itcnccs, and all tlio l('}j:a<-i('S litM-ctoforv mentioned, lie must in the last place i>ay over the sni'idus or residue of the estate to the residuary le}j;atee, or devisee, if any surli b<' nominated. of till- (lUOiltll (' (lentil issnr. f Mic '. hilt 0(1 Im- iiitcii- 1>47. Tf the residuary leijatee dies before the pay- ment of debts, and befoi-e the amount of the surplus is ascertained, yet it shall devolve to his pers(Uial repre sentative. Wins. p. l:?l(5. 04S. Tiie residuary iejiatee has a rijiht to insist that the executor, before the end of the tirst year after the testator's death, shall, if ]iossible, convert all the assets into money, and ])ay the funeral, testamentary ex- ]i<'nses. debts and Icfiacies, and hand over the clear residue to the residuary lejiatee. Wiyhtuick v. Lord, (i H. L. LM7, 'SAT,. Deiith of ivnidiiary U'gatee. Uijflits 41». As to residuary devises, 15y section 27 of the tt«'«.i'ary Wills Act, unless a conti'ary intention ai)peai's by the will, such real estate or interest therein as is com pri.sed or intended to be comi)rised in any devise, which lajtws (U" becomes void by reason of the death of the " contrary to law, or othei'wise inca])able of takina,' etToct, shall be included in the rt'siduary devise if any contained in the will. K. S. O. ISilT. c. 128, s. 27 (s. 27 K. S. O. 1,S.S7. o. loni. I "A, < ):■; all F^fTIrfT^ 1 ■ i !> > i 1- ■ V n 808 (•i)M>titiit- iii^c rt'-iilii- ■irv ItKii- tf.'. "I'l. wliat ri'siilimry I'lititlcil. Kailirn- nf p.irliculiir iiiti'iit, effect (if. I'fsiduary lH(|llCst to sivcr.'il as tfiiiint.s in cnlllliuill. KXKCI'IOHS AM) ADMINISTHATOKS. 1l»SO. No |tiirliciiliir iikmN' (if cxprcssinii is iicccs siii'v lo roust iliilc ii rcsidiiiiry Icfiiilct'. It is siilliciciil if llic iiilciilioii of llic Icslnlor be jilMiiilv cxpi-t'SscM in the will, tliiil llic siii-pliis (»r Ills csliilc, iil'tcr itjiviiiciil of debts iiiid Ic^iicit s, lie tiikcii l)V ii pfi-son tln-i-t' dcsijiiiiilcd. llrniiiin V. Iliirriiiri, 1 Huss. 27<'». Uai. ^\'ll('I•(' tlic rcsidiiiii'v Ic^iitcc is iioiiiiiiiilcd. HiMici'iilly lie is entitled in tliiit eliiiriittei" to wliiitevci niiiy fiill Into the i'esiy lapse, invalid disposition, or t>tlier accident, or by ac(iiiii*enient substvpicnt io the date of tlie will. L'ljKv V. Uoiii; 17 \'vs. 'Ml. mm. '1 lie foundation of the jicneiMl I'ule in I'csjiect to lajised lej^aciis is that the r.-sidiiary clause is uiulrr sto<»d lo be intended fo enibiace every tliinu not oihe.' wise elfectnally j;iven. because the testator is sujt pos<'d to take the parliculai* Icjiracy away from the resid uar.v leji'atce only for the sake of the partictilar h'liatce. So that u|>on the failur* of the i»articulai' inlent llie Court gives ( tTect to the general intent. l-Umitin V. Ai>i)l(ford, 5 M. & ("r. >i<. WIhmi. therefore, from the construction of the will the jirestimjition in favor of sticli general intent is negatived, the rule does not apjily. and the lapse] legacy is undisjtosed of. Such is the case of a residuary be(niest to several as tenants in comnidn. 1Mie Altaic of one dying in tlio testator's lifetime does not pans. HilWis V. TiriilO. Tj. K. '^ Vai. -t.'i.*?. 954. The testator may by tlie terms of the be <|uest narrow the title of the residuary legate(» so as to exclude him from ln])sed h'gacies, as where it aj)])ears to bo the intention of tlie testator that the residuary legatee shotild have only what remained after the pay- ment of legacies. Bland v. Lamh. 2 .Tar. & Walk. -IOC). ;fP| ri I'AVMKNT Ol' IIIK IIISIDLK ;K)!> itaa. Ajiiiiii, the Icsliiloi- iiiiiy s(» <'ir(iiiiis('i'iI»o iind '»" ""'""'.v <*'A. 0»50. ^^'lleI•e llie residiiiir.v estille is IkmiuomI lied Rpsidn.' of t(» sevei';il |»eis<»iis in Joini leniiney. if one or more of |j||,'.';,J'|„'.',| ilieni hiippen lo die in Hie lifetime of the tesliitoi', or'".i""'f aflei' his deiilli. Init before t"' severjilice of the joint teiiiincy in the icsidne, theii- sliiiri.s will survive U} the others; but if the residue lie <;iven to several as tenants in common, the shares of the deceased shall not j;o to llie sur\iv(»rs. but shall devohc on the testators next of kill aeeoi'din;; lo the Statute of 1 Mst ribiit ions as so niueli of the personal estate reiiiainiiifi' undisposed of by the will, in case the death liapjM'n in the lifetime of tli(> testator, or shall i£o to the ])ersonal representatives (►f the deceased lejialee in case his death took plac«- after lliat of the testatoi'. I'dit V. Cluiiniiini. t \'fs. S"ii. r»42. 1>»>7. i'.iit where a money le^^acy or residue is s.vcniiK.- <:iven to more persons than one by any mode of expres iv^dnarj- sion which denotes a severance, the legatees will be ten ''^'''■'^^'''''*- ants in common, as where tlie jiift is to A. and 15. •* share? an if one oi hCii take tlieill dies after the death of the testator, but before ihe"'''''""' sevei'ance of the joint tenancy in the residue, his share will survive to his coexeculors, and his own executors or administrators will be excluded as well as the next of kin of the testator. Kiihjht V. (iis|iosil imi of tiie residue, tlu> (juestioM iii'ises wliether it lielon^s lo HUeli cxeeuliM" oi' to the next of kill. IMiO. At law it liiis been llie rule fi'oni the earliest I>ei'iod that llio whole personal estate devolves (Ui the executor, and if, after paynient of the funeral expenses, testamentary charjics, delils and h j^aries, the le shall be any surplus il shall vesl in hiui lienelieially. I niiilmrl v. Kiiiij, 7 Vt'S. '22~>. 1MH . In e(|uity the rule has been tlu' same as at lUAV, the executor by the mere force (d' the apliointnient takes all the \indispos((l of residue of the personal estate as well beneli( iai as h;;al. 1M12. I'm where a necessaiy imi>licati(Ui or sti-oii^' presumption has appeared, that the testator meant to j;iv<' (uily till' ollice of execiitoi', and not the l>enelicial Interest in the residue, in all such cases the executor has been considered a trustee for the next of kin of the testa tor, or in cases where n() next of kin ran be found, a trustee for the (.'rown. DUTiKs AM) I'DWKiis Willi ui;si'i;. IMSii. All (•\cilll Mini lici' survive sIm' liliiv liol he a]» |M)iiitt'd ^iiiii'diiiii iiiidci- llic vili aiid iiiiin i')-s<'i)t the cxcliisidii. Or, shi' iii;i\ hr aj |K»iiitt'd j;iiardiiin and may iiiairy a^-aiii. In citlier case the exfciitui- will liiid liis |i(isit!(iii nnsatisl'actoiy. 1M8I. The r<)ll(iwiiiy provisions of ihc Art i-i spf rtin^i Infiinfs, 1{. S. (.). l.sdT, c Ki.S, dcaJH witii ihoso poiiiU : * ( 'iSTohV (>1- 1\F,\N'1\S. 1. i\) I'lii- Ili;;li ( 'uiii I (.1- SiMTo^'iiU' Cuiiri, or ;ii:> .1 mine of cillK T Ci,,,,.} ,,|„y ('(iiirl. iiiiiy, iijiiiii llir ii|i|illi'iiliiiM III' tlit> iiiiiilit'i' (>r iiii inr.'iiil i w Iid niiik'^ ord- iuM\ si> ;i|iiil.v nilliiHil next rrictiii) iiiiikc siicii onlcr is ilic ("niirt nr'' ''"' ," , I'llStlHU of .hi(lH:i' sees lil, ri'^riinliiiK llu' ciislody of llic iiil'iiiil. iiiid llic rk'lil I'f aiicj n^lit .■ii'i'">is tlu'Tflo of ciiiicr piii'ciit, liiiviiiK rt";,'iinl In tin. \vc!i';irc >>( (ji . "f ■"■(•.•s, to I . . ... ., iiitaiits. iiiltiiil. Mild to Ilic coiidiK't ol tlic pMi't'iils, and lo iIk' \\i>Iii'S ms \v< 11 of tile iiiollicr iis of tile fallicr, inn! iiiiy aflcrwards alter, vary or disrii irt,'(' tlic older on llie aiiiilieatioii of either iiaieiil, or. after tin- deaili of eitlier iiaieiit, of any jiuardiaii nmler the Art. and in every (■ase may make siieli order rcspoetiiii; 'lie costs of th.' iiiotlier and ilie lialiility of tiie fillier for tlie same, or otherwise as to costs as llu' Conrt or .Fnd.ne ma.v lliinlc jiisl. (li) The Court or .Indue may also make order for tlio maiiiteiiani o (),.,|,.p„„ j,, of tlie infant liy payment liy tlie father tliereof, or liy iiaymint out iiiiiintcn- of any estate io w hicli tlie infant is entitled, of sneli sum or siiins ,,['"'"'• money from time to time as according,' to the pecuniary cireiimstaiicos of tlic father, or the viliie of the estate, t!ic (*oiirt or .Iml«e thnks just and reasonalile. IJ. S. (). ISST, c. 1.'57, s. 1. 2. No imide hy virtue of this Act, in favour of f" he iiiiidf ,1 • . 1 II. 1 1 » 1 I- 1 1 1 • 1 i • '" nivoni a mother a.Kainst whom adultery lias liceii estahlished liy judKnuuit "' ,if inDthcr an aetion for crimintil conversatimi at the suit of her husband !,'nilty of against, any person. K. S. (). 1S,S7, c. VM. s. 2. adultery. *In (juestions relatin}^ to the custody and education of infants, the Rules of Equity shiiU prevail, .hid. \ct "it. S. (). IS'.)?, c .ll, h. ',8 (12). w 1 'M'l KXHCiriDltS AND ADMINISl'liAIOKS. l.NI-ANTS liKAl, KsTAIi;. Tlic s;il(^ i. reqiiii'i's ur will he siilist a 111 i I ilv pnniiuieil h\- sneh rli>pu--it iun. lii' (.'uiirl iiia.\' uicief the side, ur the h'ltiiitr I'uf a lerin ul' years, ui' utinr di -pu-^il iuii uC such real estate, ur aii.v part ihereui', to 1h' iiiaile under the ui'i'it imi ul' the <'uiii-t ur mie ul' its ullieers, ur by the Linardiaii ul' the int'aiil, ur hy a pirsuii appuinied hy the Cuiirl In- the piiruuse. in siieh manner and with sin-h rest riel iuns as lu ,li' Cuiirt may seem expedient, md may urder ihe iiiCanl Iu eunvey th- e--iaie as the ('uurt thinks pruper. Xu sale <-i T'lil iiu sale, lease, ur ullier dispusjtiun shall lie made aj^ailit eoiil r.ir.\- i],,, p, ,,v ;siui;s u|' a will ur eun\e\ jiiiie \t, The Mppli- !• IIk' ;:pplieai lull shall lie in the name ul' ihe inrinl hy his next catiuii lu I'l'ii ml, i.r liv his guardian; lint -li.ill iiul he made wi'houl tlie euiiseiit III' <>y iie\t .,.,.,., , , l',,ji.,|i| ,,|. ul the iiilani II he is ui ihe aue ul tuiirteeii years uf upwards, unless .ijiiardi.iii. ihe Cuiirt ulherwise direels ur alluws. K. S. (), ISST. e. luT. s. ); Out. Ai Is. is;ii'. e. c, s. ;!. w slllistllute ^l|,,|||,j |:,, ,:;,,., nied liv sume I ersull ill the pl.are ut' Ull illl'llll. til lna\' lie a|i- Where the ('ulirl deems it euliveliielil that a eiinve.\;lllr.' le piiiiitidtii ''"nrl may liireil sume uih'r persun in ilie place ut' the infant lu L'ulivev. eunvey the est; te. it. S. < t. ISST, e. K'.T, s. ."i. Uflitsiii- ''• I'Ver.v sill h iiinxey.aiiie, whelher exeeiiled li\' tile infant o;' elirred ill sullle persun apliuinli'd tu exeellle the same ill his pla.e. shall li • as I I ■ I f f li"if-iiils"tu ''"•"'"'•'l' !'^ il' ''"■ illfanl had exeeuled ihe same. Hid had hrell iif the lie valid. ape uf t w enl,\ -line ,\ears at the lime. It. S. < >. 1S,s7. e. W'.T, s. ti. li: 'i t . 1 i 'I'lmC'iiuit "■ 'I'll'' niuiieys arisini;- I'rum siieh sah'. h-ase. ur uilier dispisdini, liidiieet shall lie laid iiut. applied and dispu-ed <>( in siieli manner as th" ("unit :.|;;vr;';" .li--. K. s. ... ISST. e. i:;t. s. t. pruceeds. < 'iiiilit V uf •'^- ' "I "'1.^' ^ 1 1'" ""' "I li''i' dispusii lull su made, the niuney raised, i r ■-ni'l'liis ih,. siii'|iliis ihereiif. si all I f the same iiaiure and ehii aeler a-- ill- iii'i'iii Vde "'state sold ur dispu-ed uf: and ihe heirs, next n( kin. m- uiher repi'e uf real seiil. Hives >>( the iiifani, shall have the like interest in any siii'iilns Hstate. xxliiih may reni.-rui uf the inuney it ;he dei-ease uf the infant, as tli y wiiuld have had in the estate suld ur disiiused uf. if im saie u utller ili-pusiiiuli had heell made thereuf. IJ. S. O. iSsT, e. l:!7, s. .S. \-. I'lMiil llir Wfillrli MplirK ,ll ion (iT llir ilil'llll. I'l' llh' frii-llil ' 1' Wli,.,, I'ficii.|> ni' 1 he i III;! hi. ri'sidiiiu' w iiliiii ilii' Jiirisdii | imi <>\' i li ■ Snri'i-Mic •lud),'-. s uf ('nlll'l 111 wllicli ilpjilir;!! inn i^ lil.l'li'. :ini| illlrl' liroiif n( IWrliU il M \ s' ' "" ' '^''' jiiililir iioii,)' 111' ilii> appliiiii i"ii, ill SMiiic iH'w^p.-iiMT |Milili>li('d w .1 iiiii ;i|i|iiiiiit lll(> iciiiii ;. iir ili.-lri. 1 dl' 111;' Slirni;;;ilc < 'nun In W Imll I he .•llil'li.':!! i"ll '-"'"'''''"l"*- l~^ iiiiiili'. ill:' .IiKJui' nl' llii' ('ipiiii liiiy .'ipii'iiiil ^iiiiii' >iiiljlili' ;i..il lii^i Tc I'l .KTviiii 111' iMTsiiii-- 111 111' uil;irili;ni nr ;;ii:i iili.-iii-- nl' llir iiil'.iii . !;. S. (». ISST. r. l;:7. s. l l ; m. .\rl-. IV-, 1-. -J".". >. I. IIP I'i iLiI DL'TIKS AX!) I'()\VK|{S \\l\U UKM'Ki I To ClIIJ.DItKN. Al'l'i il.N'I'MIONT nl' ( JlAlihlAXS 81}} II. Till' Siirrii;,','il(' ('uiiri jnr ilic cDuniy wiihin wliiili .-ui inl'ir.ii liiiiht to ii siiics. n;;i\- iippiiint tile I'iiihcr uf ilic inriiul lu lir minrili.iii : 'liall hi iiiaili' li,\ r('L:isl rai's ri'spni i\i'l \ in ilm SiiiTnt;;iii' ('li rk in liko ln;iiiliri- as is ri'ipiirrd hy 'I'lu' Siirrii;;;ilt' ('nnrls .\i'l in llic cisi' n,' .i;raiils nl' prnlialr nr adniinisl ralinii : Imi this sniinn vhall imi K.' i-nnsiriii'd ,'is i|i'pi-i\ in:;- iln' Iliuli ('miri nf jiiri-diiinn in -ai li ni.iili'r-. K. S. (>. ISST. •■. KIT. s. In. 1."i. Snti.icil In Illc prii\isin|is nl' llin Arl rc-pi'cll iiu llli' .'li-ri'pl ' lH i' Siirh trnar- III' icriain inrnrpni'Mlcd i-ninp.i nirs as siiri'i ins. ilir .luiii:i' shall I ,ik ''!''"'- "" U 1 \ I' sc- I'lniii I'M'i-y unardian .•ippnininl niidci- si'iimii-. ;i ind TJ. ;i Imiid in ,.in ii\- liv llll' n.aihi' III' ihc im'ani. in smh pmial snin and wiili --nih scrii; ii ir- Iniid. .'IS llll' .liid-c dircrls aiid apiii'nvi's, liaviim' rcuard in tlm i',ri'iini si.'inii's 111' llic i-asc. ,'inil sin-h liniid sli.ill lie cninlii iniicd ili.ii iIp' said unardi 1 11 will I'ail lil'illlv' prrlnnn lln- s.aid Inisi. .-iihl llial h". m- his ('\ci-iiin''s nr 'idniinisi 1 aini'.,. will, when llm said ward li.'cnnics n,',, ,. . I niidit mn llic I'lill a^ic III lwciil.\-nni' >i;irs. nr whcncNcr ihi said Lrn.'irdian nf I'.nnd. ship is dcici mined, ni- snniicr if iherein reipiiied liy lie- s.iil Siirrnija le ("nMit. render In his ward, nr in his cxeriiinrs nr admiiiis, Ir.'llnrs. a Irile and jllsl ;ii'eiilllil nl' ill unnds, lllnncys. inleresl, rellls. prntiis 111' iiiher eslalc nl' ihc w.-inl. which siiall li.ivc ennii' inin ilie li.'imis nf ihi' './n ii'dian. and will I liciciipnii wiihnnl deltiN deliver .-nil . , . , I . , . , , . . limid In III' i,'i\ iiM'i- In ihe sail! ward, ny In hi- c\i'i-ninr> ain i dniiiiis rai n -. , , , lei'i.|i|ei|. I he I'sj ,'|||. nl' I hi' sum I if lialam e >>( innne.v w liii h ni.iv lie in I he luimU nf ihe s.'iid irn.'irdian lielmmiiiLr In ihe w.-ird. dcdiieiiiiL;- I hei'crriim a'nl rclainiim- a rcasniijililc siiin t'nr ihe expenses iml elLir;^es u\' ih' t:ililiiliaii. and llie linlnl sh ill lie reinrdcd h.v Ihe ic-isirai' nf ih- Cniirt ill liie hiioks of Ills oiliee. U. s. ( ». I. father of an infant, (ho mother, if iml^tliur to ^"•■^■'^■''"-' ^''"" ''^' t''*' Siii'rdian of tlie infant, either alone, when no he f,ni!ir(l- K":inlian lias lieen appointed l».v the father, or jointly with any lan alone >;iiardian appointed liv the father. or jointly with {2} Where no ^nardian has been ajipointed liy the father, or if otiiiTs. (]j|, j;ii;irdian or tjnardians apjiointed liy the fallier is or are dead, or refuses or refuse to act, Iho IHkIi Court ov Surro;;;ite Court, appoint a jtmnd'a i or guardians to act jointly with the mother, as such Court or Jud' ■ shidl see (it. IJ. S. (). 1SS7. e. i;!7. s. i:t. ^'"''i*''" ir». 1 1) The molhet- of an infant may, by deed or will, app iiu\ iHiiiit L'uir- ""'^ nor.son or per.sons to be guardian or guirdians of the infant after the death of lierself, and the father of the infant (if the infant he ->hen unmarried), anr her death jointly with the father of the infani. and the Court or a .Fudge after her death, if it be shewn to tli,' satisfjieti(U\ of the Court (U- a .ludu'e that the father is for any reason unlitted to !ie 1h.' sole guardian of his fliildreii. nia.\- oouiirm the ['n'tiintment of such guardian or guardians, who shall ihereup n be empowered to :iet as aforesaid, or nntUe sucli other ordi-r in respect of the guardianshi|) a.; the Court or Judge shall think right. I{. S. O. 1SS7, c. i:i7, s. 14. Direction K',. lu the event of guardians being unable to agree among thom- oii iii'itters ^f"!^'''^ "^'i' with the father upiui a question affecting the welfare of siu affecting infant, any of them or the father may ipj^ly to the Court for its mtaiits. direction, and the Court or Judge may make such orders regaidiiig the matter in difference as to the Court or .fudge seems iiroper. It. S. O. 1887. ('. 1:J7, s. 18. Keinovrtl of guard- ians. 17. J'estainentai-y guardians and trustees, and guardians iiiimini- ed (U- coiislitn(ed by virtue of this Act shall be reiiio\able by the Ciuirt or ,Iudge. lor the same causes as other guardians mid trusiiMS. si. >i. (). 1SS7, e. i;!7, s. l(i. Wiiat .Snr- IS. '|"iie Surrogate Court or Judge referreil to in seclicuis 1. 14. l."», Comtur ^*"' """' '"' '^ ''"' ^'"■''">''' of the county where the .luilgc to infant (U- resp(uideu's. or any (d" them, reside. K. S. <). 1887, c. i;>7, "i;t- s. 17. AtrrttoHtTY OF Guardians. (Jiiardians IJ). I'liless where the autlnu-ity of a guardian ap|ioiiited or eon- loii J. siitiited under sections 14 or l.'i is otherwise limited, (he guardian of any infan( :ipi)ointed or eon.stituted under or by virtue of this Act during the continuance of his guardianship: r! DUTIES AND VoWEliS WITH KKSPECT TO CHlLDllEN. 315 ward; (ll Shall luivo autlijrity to acl f(ir ami on bi'half o£ the s^aid T<. act f. r ward. C2\ yitxy appear in any Court uid prosecute or defend any action To apjicjir ... iij action.", in h'.s or her name; (o) Shall have the charge and uiana^'enienl of his or lu-r estate. To man- real and personal, ami the care of his or her person in'l .... , wind an Peace, and the consent of the -ward (or m case the intuit is not »"»d''r .,|,|„.,.„tij.,. the af,'e of fourteen years, then with the consent of the ward only), place and hind him or her an apprentice to any lawful trade, [iio- fession \k'ii tlu* assets in pa.ynicut of a claim which he is fur main ' not bound to satisfy: as if ho makes disbursements in the '''"■"'"'' schoiilinji;', feeding- oi- clottun^- of the cliildieii of the de- ceased subsecjuent to his de<'ease. aiiifi V. y;//NO)i, 1 St:irk. N. 1*. c. :'.•_'. m k r? 'I !IOO. An executor cannot without lisl; j»ay any part of the h {iacy becjueatlied to an infant either to the infant or any person for his use. Therefore the executor was formerly not justilied in iipplyinj;' any part of the ca]jital of the legacy for the mainteuiince or advance- ment of the child, or for any other })uri>ose than mere necessaries without the sanction of the Court. Hut with respect to the interest of the sum betiueathed, the execu- tor may apply a reciuisite part of it for the sui)i)ort of tlie infant legatee without the authority of the testator, if he does no more than the Court would have directed if it had been resorted to in the lirst instance. J'lxccutcjr must not pay in- fant's lejr- ac\' to in- fai'it. 1^07. As to ]»aymei.its for maintenance out of the .Maimcn- income. they can be umde only when the legacy is V('st(Ml 1',"^!,'^',,',','' in possession; not when it is vested and i>ayable in fii- turo. nor when it is contingent. :n() KXICCUTOllS AN'I) ADMINISTKAToliS. i-i r! IllttT- llli'diiitc inaliitcn- aiiic. 1M»>». All cNccuhtr iiiiisl Ix- ciircrnl nut lo ]y,\y iiumcv for I he iiiiiiiitciiaiicc (if jiii inrjinl nnlil it is clcnr lliiil (»ii ii liii.-il sclllciiM'iil of all cliiiins rcliilinj;' to the (csljilor's csliilc llicrc will be a clear fniid oiil of llic iiicoiiic of wliicli inai'itciiancc' can be provided. 1M»1> 'i he nifi of a Icfiacv iiol vcslcd in |M>sscssioit canics Willi ii ilic nj;lii to iiitcniu'diatc iiiaintcnaiicc \vIi(MM'\('i- I lie will either cxiiressly or l>_v iiiiplicalioii aiit lioi i/( s t lie pr(»visioii of niaiiiteiiaiice. 'iiii'li';'.- 1>TO. All iiitciilinii is implied in the abseiu'c of tiim lit 111- ... tiiiii.iM t(. T!2. Where the testator is the pai-ent or in loco t'litoiiii parentis of an infant lejiatce. whether the legacy be con J;,'[j'|^'""' tin^cnt or vested, the interest on the iej-acy shall be al lowed as niainti naiit <• from the time of the d(a(li of the test a I (M'. }^ '"'•''* 1>TJ$. \\liere a beiinest is xcsted and imniediale li('(|lli'st vtst.ti am! so that the lejiatee if ho were of aj,M' woidd be entitled ;j,''. " to receive his le;j;af 1)1: I IKS AND I'OWEKS wnil IJKsriXJT TO CIIILDUKN. 817 the iiicoinc Ix' cxpK'ssIv (liicctcd l<» iirciiinuliilc. pro vi(l('«l tlic piiicnls (tf the int'iiiit h'^ialco inc iiiuihlc lo iiiiiiiiliiiii liiiii. \o iillowiiiK (' will he iii;i(l«> it' Ihc piir (■Ills be of iibilily. No iiiiiiiilciiiiiicc will be (H'dci'cd out «>r (lie iiilciMsl wlicic llic IcfiiHv is cMiirm^cnl. unless, pcrliiips. by I lie (Mdisciil (if tlic l('j;jil('('S ovrr, in iiisliinccs wlu'i'o llicy iirc coinpctciil lo l,v 111" i)iMini.,M inlci'csl of ;i Icj^.'iry to tlic iiurnileiiiiiicc iiiid (mIiiciiI ion <»r j",!^^'^"' IIk' l('j;iil<"'S. nephews, iind neice (if tiie leshilor, is nut siibjeel to ilie cdnlrol uf the coni'l where there is no eliil!"}ie of t'liind iW the like ;iMll(»l>. riiniii'iii V. Ml (1,11, 11» Cliy. 210. OT»>. Where ;in infiint's fund is in Conrt or under Siniini.uv the control of the ('ouil. ji snniniiiiy order in;i_v be j^i')'"'- f?„.''„'i';ih,'! " ed foi- the iipi>iiciil inn of it: in niiiinlen;inee. n|Min Ji siini)le ^'~' i:"'«« • notice (»f motion. 1>70. Itnt if llie nione.v is outstanding in the hiinds of trustees (»r others, unless they submit to the jurisdic- tion, sumniiiry proceedinj:s are inap|U'(»j)riate. ?>77. And a summary a]>p;i< ation by tlie jiuardian of iiifai'ls for payment to him uv into Court, by the admin- istrator (»f the estate of the infants' father, of a fund in his hands, was dismissed, whe.-e it was opposed by the adiniiiislratcM*. Hr Ciiullx. ir. r. u. icu. ^laint.'iianc ■. devise for. Iliilif V. I'tirlinr. 1." {^, I{. (iOT. DininUI V. DaniiUl. 7 O. U. OCO. l?elifi;ious cilnration. ■ /?.' Vliilliiiaii, 2t O. IJ. LX's. Notes to Iloliiiestn.l & Liinuton, 1.. 10-.. -I fl r :U8 KXbX'L'TOHS AND A DMINISTHATOIJS n i CHAPTMll VITI. nrsTiiiiuTiox siN(no ist .itlv, ihso. 4:.1 OiiKiniil 07S. hi iiiiciciil liiin' when :i ni;iii (lii'('iiio care (o provide for all his subjccls. used to sci/.e the jioods of the inlcstalc to the lutciil Ihal: they should be jircscrvcd and disposed of for the burial of Ihe deceased, the ]»aynient of his debts, to advance his wife and children, if he had any, and, if not, those of his blood. * I'dWcrsi X- firisfd in ( 'iiiiiity ( 'dint, ill d lis vested ill ordin- ary. !>T1>. This pi-ero^alive the kinj; continued to <'X- ei'cise for some time by his own ministers of j.ustice, and probably in the County Court, where matters of all kin' even his lawful debts and chai'fics thereon. • Pni'agraphs 078, 079 and OftO apppiir suprn aa paratinipli .37. Tt is bPtter l.o repeat tlicni Itere in full in order to make a complete statement of the subject of distribution. i DISTUIHUTION SIN'Cl': FIUST OF .III.V, 18Ht5. nw) m «.H0. My Stat. Wrstm. L' (1:5 K<1. I. c I!)), il was KUvlw. I. <'iia(t('(l lliat the Oi'diiiarv sliuuld he bound to j>ay I he'" debts of I lie intestate, as far as his j^oods exleinled, in llie same manner that executors were hound in ease I he deceased had left a will. 1>cS|. However, in Snejlinu's case, it was residved l'"""'Hof ()r(liii;iiy that if llie Ordinary tool; the j^oods into jxissession, he uKuscd. was ehyi'^cahle with the (hhls of the intestate at com- mon law. an.S2. This is the orioinal admiiustialive. They ori^^inal were tlie oHicers of the Ordinary. a|>poiii1ed by him in jj.|,'|i'".'r" pursuance of the statute, and their title and authority ""'^•■"*- were derived exclu.-.ividy from the Ecclesiastical .hidoc by mi l',y'",|Vfro,,"i polled to delej^ato such authority to the relations of the ■^'•'"'»''<- irator. »■; il Si 1 ■ \'l 820 Oiij.'iii (]f Shitiit.Mif (listiilni- tiiin. EXFX'L'TOltS AND ADMINISTKATOHS. (l('(;('iis(' fnrllit'i'. Tims (lie ndininislrnlor wns iMililli'd rxclusivcly (o enjoy llic resiilnc of Ilic Icsliilor's cITccls. iifler piiy- intiit of llic debts nnd fnnernl exjtenscs. UHi. The lijii'dsliips of lliis jii-i vilejic njion tlnise of kin to the intestjile. in e(|nnl decree with Ibe ndininis- trntor. was the occasion of niakinj: Hie Slalnte of l>is Iribnlion, 22 & '2:\ (Mias. II. c. 10. That slalnle. after eni])o\\<'!'in}i' tlie Ordinai'y on tlie jii'antinjx of adniinis Iralion to take a bond of llie adniinistratoi", with two or more sni-eti,cs. proceeds in sectioir .". to enact as foHows; "And also that the said ( )rdiiiai'ies and •Indues resiiec lively shall, and may, and are enabled to proceed and call sncli administrators to account f(n' and louchin*;- the {^oods of any i»erson dyiii<;- intestate; and, npon hearin.u- and dne consideration thereof, to order and make jns( and er^nal dislril)niion of what remainetli ( leai' (after all debts, fnneral, and jnst exiienses of every sort first al lowed and dedncted.) amonust the wife or cliildren or chil- dren's children, if any snch be; m*, otlun'wise, to the next of kindi'ed to the dead j>erson. in (Mpial deforce or legally I'epresenlin^' their stocks pro sno cniipie jnre accordin}^' to the laws in snch cases and the rules and limitation hereaftei' set down ; and the same distribtitioiis to de- ci'ce and settle and to compel snch administrators to obser\<' and jiay the same by the dne conrsi' of his ma- jesty's ecclesiastical laws; saving!" to every one sn]>]»osinfr him or tliemsidves aji'jirieved their rijiht of appeal as was always in snch cases nsed." 1>S»>. And by section 5 it is further enacted: " Tlint nil ordiiinries. and pvt>r.v otlier person who by this Act is enaliU'd to make disti-ilintion of tlip ani'plnsiijrP of tlio ostato of nny person dyinir Intestate sha" distrilmtc the whole snr|»hisapp of snch estate or estates in manner and form followinj^: tliat is to IP ill W DISTHIHUTION SI.NCE FIHST OV JULY, 1H8(). 321 say, one-tliini imrt of tlie said siii|iliisiiK<' to the wile ol' tin- iM(es- rruvisidHH t.ilf, Mini Jill the residue by ("iiiiil porlioiis to and ainoniist '!"' ',',f ,||!,\|lj " diildfeii of sucli [tersoiis dyiii;: iiitesiate, and siicii prrsoiis us le^'aily |,iiiii>ii. repi'eseiiL sucli ciiildreii, in case any o\' tlie said <'liildiTn lie tlien dead, oilier tlian siieli eliild or eliildreii iiiut luiii;; lieir-aldaw) who .shall have any estate by tile setlleiii'iit of the inlesi.-iie, or shall l>e iidvaneed by the intestate in his lifetime by )iorlinii or imrtions tiinal to the share wiiieh shall by such distribulion ln' allotted to the other children to wlioni such distribution is to be made. And in i-ast? any child other than the heir-atla w, who siiall have any (State I4V settlement from the said intestate, or shall lie advanced by the said intestate in his lifetime by portion not eiinal to tiie sliaiv which shall be due to the other children liy sucii distribulion as iiforesai(l; then so iimch of the snrplusaj;e of the est.-ite of sncli intestate to be distributed t(j siicli child or children as shall have any land by setlleineiil from tjie intest ite, (U- were advanced in the lifetime iied after the intestate's death, and that such and every one to whom any distribution and share shall be allotted shall j;ive boml with snllicieiit sureties in the sai( I ( 'ourts, that if ativ ilebt or debts truly owing by the intestate shall be afterwards sued for au': 1 1 ."♦ii^'" 1; I I iff .^ ' ' -: ■j h 322 KXKCUTOHS AND ADMINISIKATOHS. utliiiiiiistratiii' liis or lief rati'iililf pfii'l (if tlinl ilcht or dclits, mnl of llif cosIh of suit 1111(1 cliiirKos of tilt; iuliiiiiiislrn tof liy rt-iisoii of such ilclit out. of tlio purl Hud sliuru so us iifoi'i-siiid iillottLMi to liiiu or her, tluTcby to cualilc the suid aduiinlslnitor to puy and satisfy tlie (U'lit or del)t.s so dlscovcri-d afliT tliu distriliulinn niadi' as aforosalil." l''lually, liy si-cllou It, it Is fuactcd, " 'I'liat iu all casos wlicic tlu.' Ordiuai-y liatli \isi'd licrctofcut' to jjraiit adiiiiulstratioii rum teslauuMito auiifxo ]u> sliiUI couIIuul' so to do, aud tliu will of tlic di'c'oasi'd iu such (cstauieut cxpifsscd shall 1k> pcrfoiiui-d aud oli- scrvi'd ill such uiauucr as it should havi.' bi'eii if this Act hatl uuvcr lietni nuiilc." I)rv,,iu. OH<». Tlic closlui'- words ol" section I ill of (he De tlou ot |',s- tatcs Act. volution of I'^slatcs Ad extend to nil pi'oiierlv, real and IK'i'sonjil, of persons dvinj;- on anS1I. If llie intestate leaves children as well as a *''^' ""'""'• widow, one-third shall s'o to the widow and the residue amon<»' the children. If there be no children, or lineal descendants of children subsistin^r. then a moiety shall go to the widow and a moiety to the next of kindred. ) llf! I m DiSTKinUTION SINCK KIKST OK .lll.V, iSKii. 82:) 1HIO. As l(» csliilt'S (»r pcisons dviii;; al'lcr (lie Isl July, IS!!."), I lie I M'V(»liili()ii of Kslatcs Act piovides iiH I'ollowH (section IL'). r_". (ll 'I'lic II' il Mini iicixi.ii.il csliilc III' cMT.v iiiMii liyiii;:. :i fit r \\-|,|, ,„.,,,,. the lirsl (lii.v (if .Inly, lSi>r>. iiili'stiilc iiinl li'iiviiiK a wiiluw lull n.i tillnl to issue, siiiill ill till ciiscs w lirri' tin- iicl valin- nt' siicli iim I "'"' t,i(,, |„,t" pcrsolllll fslillf lines not exieeil J^l. <•"(». he|ii|l« to Ills wiijUSV ulisn- exceciliii^,' llllel.v anil exilnsixely. Unl. A. Is. IMI.-,, e. I'l, s. '_'. '*'■ '• ('_*'» Where (lie liel Willie ul' (lie real ami persiilial eslale iif any wii,,,.,. ItersuM wlin shall ilie inleslale as in Ihi; seelimi nieiiliiineil shall i"^t;if'' •^• exeeeilt I he slllli "I' $l,) 'I'lie prtixisiiPll fur the wiiliiw ilitellileil In lie intnle liy t his Wjil, iw's scetinii shall he in MiMilinii ami willnmt prejinliee In her interest '*''''.'''■,""'''. iiiiil share in the resnliie nl' the real ami personal estate nt tin' ,. state. intestate, rem I iiiiiii; after iiayment of the sum nt" ."f>1,(M)() ami interest us al'nresaiil. in llu? same way as it' smii resiiliie liad lieen the wliole of tlie intestiite's rciil ami persnmil estate, ami this seetinii had not been eiiaeti d. Out. Acts, ISit.", e. 21, s. I. !MH. IM-ovisioii is iiiiul*' l»v llic same Act lor an oloc- '•-''•-fi ;" liV WlilnW. tictii by the widow bclwccii the ri;^ii(s tlicicby conferred and her dower. 4. (2) Niilhin;,' in this Ail shall lie eniistnied to tike away aSavinffas widow's rlMht to dower; lnit n widow may liy di o 1 oi' Instrument in writin^r, attested hy at least witness, elect tn take lier iirerost niifler this soelion in her linsl)aii(l'"s niidlspnsed of real estate, in lien of all claims to dower in respect of real estate nf which hoi- linshaud was at any time seised, or tn which at the tinif rif his death he was lieneficially entitled; and unless she so elects she shall not lie ♦'Mtitled to share under this section in th« nmlispnsed of real estate aforesaid. fl!IS. ^Vlle^o a widow desires to take, tinder tlie De- >ri"l>."f volution of Estates Act, her interest in tlie ])rocoeds of her husband's undisposed of real estate, in lieu of dower, she must ao elect by an instrument in writing, pursuant i. ■..I ! A. r , t: p! m 321 KXKcUroKS AM) A DM I NISI HAH (Its. 4 u Mi! losrc. I, suit see. L', cvrn \\ licic ||m> IjiikIs liiivc Imm-ii hi>I(| uihIci' iiii order of lite rniirt ill licr iiisliiiir*'. IVn- tioiii Ikt (lower, iiiul llie proreeds are in Citiirt. I{i (iiihi'iu, 17 o. It. iw. 1>«:t. Seefioii I of llie I )evollll ion of Ksliites Acf. WIl.T.. uiiliiw liiiH jucptril wliieli }ii\('s (lie widow the ri;.;lil of election, between lier i',!,'it"i'i','ii,'.',, dower ;ind it disi riltnlive siinre in iier dice;isejjii,|"h lands, does not appiv wiiere l>v niariiajic settle- ment she has aen-pied an ecpiivaleni in lien of dower. In sueii ease sh(> has no ri<:ht to any share in the lands. Tunnilti lli)tiiill 'I'liixln I'n. \. (Jiiiit, "JTi ( >. IJ. L'-'iO, As ti; I'lccl idii li.\ w iilnw. Sec l{. !{, I'J-J, tllld 1,'r Inijolsli!/, 1(1 (>. 1{ L's;!. 1>!H. As io api)li(a(ion by jiersonal repiesenla Hold l.y Court." !I!N». ^^■hen on administration by the ("onrt of the estate of an intestate lands ha\e been sold, the widow, ulthon}ih declared enlitled to dower by the jndoment, may, though more than a year has elapsed froie flu-! doath /)f her husband, elect to take her disi ■' ,• share in lien of dower, pi'ovided the estate be yet distribnted on (he l'ootin}i; of her havin;;' retaiii i her dower rijiht. ;{(//..)• v.* .s7» a. it. 44.".. DISlltlllll'IfiN' SINCK I llisr OF ,iri,V, iHHt; •^I'l'diiil, tlif Utijlil.'i iif llir Hiishiiiiil. 825 1M>7. A lmsl»jiii(l iM'iii;^' ciilillcd li) llic <:i'iiiil of iul l!iirlits.,f liiiiiis(r;ili(»ii of liis wife's cUVcts, wiis llicfcforc before! Ilie Shitiiie (if hisliiliurKMis lield enlilh'd, as all adniiiiislia- leiH NVeie, lo the exclusive eiljeyilienl of | lie residue. i>oulils. lio\ve\ei', arose wlielliei' | he hlisliaild's liyhl \v:is not supeisedcd hv that Statute. The Statute of l-'muds. -!> <'ai'. 11. c. :'.. s. 'Jo, set this douht at rest l»,v piovidinjj,- tiiat the husliaud should still continue to hold thi> ri^lit of chi'lniiny' adininisli-ation of his wife's estate and to enjoy the helielil of that estate as theretofore. W'llrif llllsiiilliil li;is I'cliolllircij. sec lUnm II V. Iturxi II. I'U n. i:. IS.-,. !M>H. Section 5 of the I >evoluti«»n of Ksfates Acf now provides as follows for tlie disi rihulion <»f tlie jn'op- erty of a niai-i'ied wonian deceased intestate. ~i. 'I'lic I'c'il iiiicj |ii'i'S(in;il |iru|M'rly wlicl tier scpMiMlc or nl lici- |)i~tiilpu- wisr, III' ;i iii.'ii'i'iiil wiiiMiiii ill i'c>|ii'('t III" wliiili sill' ili('< iiili'-;l:iti' """ "' I'iii| I'lty lit iii:inici ill l'c>|ii'('t III" wlliill slir ili('< ilili'-;l:lt( ■iliiil! Ill' (lislriliiili'd IS I'lilliius: Onc-lliinl tn iicr linsliMinl. it' >ili^ I'iivcs issue, ii ml nlle-Iiillr if sill' li'.ivi's nil issue, iiiul silli.jeet tltiTito ""."i:"> .'11 ll'iil i|e\iil\c ;is I ^IimII <)li(. Alts, IMtT, e. 1 I. f lii'i" liusii.iiiil hiiil iiri'-iii lliT llVUI',' ' iiiti->tati', «!>!». Sectiiui I Cii of the D.'voliition of Kstal> .\ii,v liusliauil wild, if sections H to (if tliis .\(t liml not puss- .^avinp a-i eil, wiiulil lie eiitilliMl to iiii liitei'est as teiiiint liv tlie curtesy in ;iny f" '"'."^■. I'.iiiil > ih- r(\'il I'stiiti' III' Ills wife, iiiuy liy deedi oi- inslninieiit in writ iie,' [,.,., .^, j,, execnteil within six niiuitlis nfter his wife's ileatli, iuul atte>teil liy |iiii|"rtv lit Icjist line witness, elect to tak(» sudi Inteiest in tlio real iinil Iiersonal proiierty of his doeeased wife as lie would liave taken it' if wife I eas' til til the said' sections of this Act had nut luissed, in wliicl Imsliand's interest Ihen-in shall lie asceitiiined In .all respects as if the said sectlmis had not jiassed'. and he shiill lie entitled to no further liitei'est under the said sectiuiis of this Act. U. S. ( >. 1S.S7. e. KIS. s. 4. lOOO. IJefoi'e leavinji the '-■!ii»j<-ct of dower and eui-- tcsy. it is well (o notice section "d) of the Devoliilion of E' ites Act. which is as follows: ■"lit. Tlie estate curtesy, or of a Cnrtesv widow as teiiiiit in dower, shall not bo iiffeeted liv anv of the ''"^^t^r '""' 320 EXECUTOUS AXI) ADMINLSTllATOISS. ■I:. < 'State (if (k'cd or will ni)t .'iffeotfd. provisions of tlio last proccdinK twon(.v-(\vo sttlions of lliis Act, nor oxcciit as proviik'il liy section ol of The 'iVills Act of Ontario, shall tlio same affect any limitation of any osti.te \>y deed or will, or any estate which althongh held in fee Hiniple or for the life of another, ia so held in trust for any other person, bnt all snch esl.ites shiU ,, ., remain, pass and descend, as if the last twenty-two ;■ .tio'i.-. of this llev. Stat., e. iL's. Act, niiuihei'ed from 3* to ,)8, both nicliisive, had not been passed. li. S. O. 1887, c. 108, s. 49. Effect of lOOl. Section ^7 says tlijit sections 50 to 07 indu- sectioiis;i7 sive (Ihei'efore i'ucluding section ;"){)), shall as to the estates and ol). I. 1 1 of persons dying on or before the 1st day of July, 1800, ai)i)ly only subject to the provisions of sections 1 to 21 inclusive. Now, section 50 states that with regard to limitations by deed or will estates pur autre vie and trust eslatcs, the sections numbered from 87 to 58, both inclusive, do not exist. Therefore the restriction on the construction of section 50 laid down by section 'M doea not exist, ITence section 50 is indei)endent of sections 1 to 21, Then how do these estates descend — not under sections 1 to 21, nor under sections 37 to 58. Some amendment is surely uecessar}- in these clauses. Ki^hts of children. Third, tlie Rhj/ds of the Children and Lineal Descend- ants of the r>L ceased Person. lOOS. After the allotment of a third to the widow, the statute directs a distribution of the residue by equal portions to and amongst the chi'-^^'-en of the intestate, and " such persons as legally rc^ijesent such children,'' in case anv of the said children be then der.d. lOOii. In case there be no wife, ihon by section 7, "all the estate is to be distributed to and amongst the children." ! % 1 1 ;i ii 1 ii llow fur reiiresent- atives of children ailniitt"d 1004. By llie words ''such as legally represent such children," their representatives to the remotest degree are admitted; but the term must be understood of descendants, and not next of kin; as, for example, if a son of the intestate is dead, leaving a widow and child. r'liildreli fill ••(lually fiititled. Half •lood. ri»tlm- innlls cliiM. DISTRIBUTION SINCE FlUSt Of JL'LV, 1880. 327 llio widow shiill tako iiothinj? an;l the child tlio whole of the father's share; yet the widow, though not strictly one of the next of kin, is, in the same sense as the child, a legal representative of the personal estate of the father. I'rirc V. f^lrmiiuv, Miulil. ICl, V,'2. iOOa. Where none of the intestate's children are dead after the wife has had the thivd allotted to her, the remaining two-thirds shall, in pnrsnance of the statute, bo equally divided among all the children of the intes- tate, |is in this case they all claim in their own right. 100<». A brother or sister of the half-blood are eqnally entitk^d to a shai-e with one of the whole bloo»' inasmuch as they are both e(]ually near of kin to the intestate. fimith V. Trarvy, 1 ^loil. '20',). lOOT. A ]>ostliunious child has also the same rights, but such a cliild is only to be ti'eated as a boi'u child where such construction is necessarv for the benelit of that child. BJassoii V. lild.sx'iii. 2 !>(' (!. .T. & Sin. 'it';.". lOOH, If the intestate h^ave only oik^ child, such bitestate oase is not to be considered as omitted, liy the statute, „iiiy mu! therefore, in case an int<'state also leave a wife, she shall '^^'"'*^' only liave a third part, and tlie other two-thirds shall go to such child; and where the intestate leaves an only . ^Vhere there is but one pei'son entitled to Cn-h'-ii^s inherit according to tlie provisions of section ,^7 and fol- ti'naiit in lowing sections of the Devolution of Estates Act, he shall '""""'"'•'• (lant^. * Descendiviits and reliitivps of tlie intestate begotten before liis *',' ', """ ilt'.ntli, Init liorn Iherenftor, slinli in .nl! e.ises inlicfit in tlic same [. , ^i r iniiMiUT iis ir llicy hud liccn bnrn in the liletinic nt' ilic inlcstiite and i,it,.stati' Jiad sni'vived iiini. ]'. S. (>. ISHT, c. j-JT, s. ,u. twiidwiit. (Children and relati\'e8 who are illof^itimate shall not be entitled Uli-tfiti- io inherit nndev any T t. f,i' sim-i not to P li Ii 11 iniieiit. i ffflF m 328 K.XKCIVI'OltS AND ADMhS'lSTUATOKS. iake and liold tlir iiilicriliincc solely; jiimI wlicrc an iii- IxTitancc or a sliai'i'ol'an inlici-ilancc dcsconMs to si'veral jicisons under sncli piovisions, lliev shall lake as ten- ants in coninion in ju'oportion to Jlieir i'esi»e(ti rij-iits. li. S. (>. 1S!>7, e. 127, s. ."■)(;. nisuU(if_ lOIO. Inasiniich as sections .".S to ."i," are l>v section seel II HIS ;!( iiicl .")('>. ;'.7 declaicd not to applv to estates of persons dyinu on or alter tile Isl day of .Inly, 1SS('», and as section HC* with other sections fcdloain^' it to (17 inclnsive, a|»|ily as to estates of sncli last mentioned jtersons only snhjeci to tile provisions of sections 1 to III inclnsi\(\ and as thei-e is nolhinji' in sections 1 to L'l inclusive to conllici with section Tti't. \{ is presnnied that section ."»»> docs apply to the estates of persons dyinj;' on or after the Isl day III'- t"itii of Kstates Act deal with the subject of advancement. Kstiitcs Tlu'y apply to both real and personal estate. The dis- .seuutl''.if 'i'><'li<'"'^ between them and tlie Statute (»f 1 )ist ribnlions histriii. MS should be borne in mind. The Statute (d' Distributions to ailv an- • i i i i tiiii.iit. does not re(|nire that there should be any e.\|»ression by the intestate or (he child in writing, and only ait])lii's lo intc.-state falheis. Section (Id of the Devolution of Ks- tates Act is more express in its provisions than tlu? lifii DIS'lIUIUrrioN' SINCK KlltST OK .II'I,Y, iMsr,. 32!) Stiitnic (»r I>islrilnili(»iiM. Tlic so lions (if the Dcvdlii- lioiis of I'lsliilcs Ad iiic ;is I'nilows: Cid. If liny ("liilil of iiii iiiteHtiitc liiis Ix'cii ailviimvd l)y tlip (';i,,.s uf iiitcsl ;ilc liy si'l I Iciiinil , 111' p rlioii nf mil (n- imtshii.'iI c-i.-iIi', nr imi li '''I'l'li''" I . ■ i . , 1 1 ■ • wild ||HV. ISST. e. I < tS, s. .".(1. I'll. 1 1' siich .'lilv.'l neeliieiil is not ei|ll.'ll lo smh . ISST, ,-, los. <. .",|. • i'J. The value iil' an\' real nr persnil l I estate sn aihaneeil sh ill \-.,]|,f, ,,f he ileeliii il In he lliat, if an.\'. wlliell has lieeli a ik linwleil l;ci| liy I hi' pl'opi'rtV 1-111 • . . ■ •. ■ .1 1 1 1111 aih uiKM-il eliilil liv ativ iiistrnineni in writ iiil:', niierwi^e sin-ji v.ilne shall lie, ,. .. linU i'>tl- ost iiiniti il lu'corilin),' to ! he \ nine nf the ]/i npeily wi.eii v:i\eii. I!. S. ()iiiatei|. ISST. e. KIS, s. .'!'. till. The ni.-iint aininir nr eiliie 1 1 iiiL'. nr the liiviin.'' of nioiii';.' In a l.',,|i||.;itinii el'.ihl. withnllt .'I \ iew tn .'I piirtinll nf art icipatc with tlicm in the snrplns; but if llic eslate so oi\(.ii lo siidi child by way (»f advancement be nol cipii vnleiil to ilicir sliarcs, tluMi such jiart of the siii'idns as sliall make li su shall be .nllottod io them and (heir heirs. 2 I'.laek ("ninin. jIC. % il ^r SB 't 1: -1 3JiO KXKCI Tons AND A DMINlSTIt ATOUS. 101*>. TluH jd'ovisloii iijtplics only to llio dislrihu- Mullicr's proixTtv not ■ tion of Hie osIjUc of llic iiilcsliili' fiillicr; iiiid, Iherofore, ('uKi'i't i'liti. if '^ iiiollu'i', bciiijj; a widow, advances a cliild and dies Ik.icIi i.ot. iiit,., stale, leavinj-- many cliildrcn', Uw child advanced sliall not. bi'in^' wliat lie received from his m(»lher into liotch- ]»of. lU)i)ilKTty. lOlO. The statute lakes nolliinji; away that has been j;iven to any of the children, however unequal that may have been, how much soever it may exceed the remainder of the personal estate left by tlie intestate at his dealh, the child may, if he pleases, keep it, and if he be not con- tented, but would have more, then he must bring into liotch jKtt what he has befoi-e I'lH'cived. 1017. The ])rovision in the statute applies only Statute (inly iip- pliis wii.if [(» the case of actual intestacy; and Avliere thei'e is an intestacy, exccutor, and, conseciiUenlly, a complete will, thouj;li the executor mf y be declared a trustee for the next of kin, they take as if the residue had been actually given' to tliem. There'^ore a child advanced by liis fatlier in his lifetime, or jtrovicb'd foi* in the ^vill, cannot be called upon' to bi'ing his share into hotcli-pot. i^tcnart v. Stcnart, 13 C. D. 5iJl*. « ';'■.')','"'' lOlS. If a child who has received anv advance- iiiust i)riii!,' nient from his father shall die in his father's lifetime iulv'anoe-^ leaving childi'cn. such children shall not be admitted to nient. their father's distributive share unless they bring in his advancement, since, as his re])resentatives, they can have no better claim than he would have had if living. rroiiil V. Tiiniii; 2 V. AVuis. "jCO. 101!l. A child advanced in part shall bring in his .Vi) biTufit 'lO widow -, ,, jiji I'll /, •. ..yad- advancement only among the other children, for no bene- \:inw- ij^. j^hall accrue from it to the widow. mcnt. Kirlicudbriylit v. Kirhcudbriyht, S Vvh. 51, 04. DISTItimiTloN SINCE FIUST OF JL'LV, lH^D. :{:{l 1030. Tlic sliil.ulc cxiciHls not only to land sottU-d <"iiin>r''< inav 111' Oil a youiijici' child by llic fallicr; ItuI also to cliarjics ^Hiviiin.- iipoii land for such child; so ii' the falhci' sctllo a iciil'"'"' out of his land o; a yor.n<', is an advancement. ^ J'hiiin/ V. I'liimy, 'J N'crii. orlion foi' a dauj^hter, to be i-aised out of land on her attainin hroii^^lil info IkiIcIi pot, iiiiliicly. I lie Viiliicill llic djilc of I lie ^i';iii!. I'lys.iiis (>,, II,,. ,,(|,,,|. |i;iii,| siiiiill, iiicdiisiilcriiMc sums of iii(»iH'V 111)1 ail lvaiu'(- iii\('ii Io I ho cliild l»\ I ho f;i(hor, or iiioro hiviiil |trosoiits, ho iiijiv iiuiko to :i rliild, iis of a jiold \\;i(ch. or wiMhlinp; clollios, iiro irol Io ho dooiiiod nil iid\ iiiircinoiil ; nor sh;ill iiioiiov o\|toii(h'd hy Iho I'litlici' for Ihc iiiiiiiitoiiiiiK'c of ;i cliihl, iioi- ^ivcii io liiii(t^hiiii ii|)|irciit ico, nor hiid oiil iii his ('diicMlion :il s»lio(d, ill Iho miivorsily, or on Ills I I'jivois. '/'(/ ///())• V. Tdi/hir. !,. I!. '_'() ]\i\. l.")."». lii-l 'sc.f Ilex I y Iho 7th section, in ciso tlioro lie noilhcr wife nor cliildrcn, tlion .-ill llio osljitc; sIimII lu' dislrilnilod ;inion^- Iho noxl ol" iii, ^rfiil ^i;iii(ls(tii, :iii(l so dowiiw aids in llicdiiTci discriidinj; iiiif. Mvcrv jiciifi'iition in lliislincil diiccl consan^iiinitv const it iitcs ii liillcicnl dr^ii-cc. ice l<(iniii}i I'it licr iiiiwai-ds or dow iiw ards. 'i'lic la I in -r ;iie; both these issues are lineally descended frtuii .lohii Stiles as their common ancestor; and they are c(dlaleral kins- men lo each (tthei', because they are all descended from (his common' ancestor, and all ha\'e a |)oilion of his blood in tlieii' veins, which denominates tlieni c(tnsan<^uiiieos. li r.iark ('(.mm. Jul. 10!t^. Tt musl be carefully reinembei'ed that t he f'"li;it.i;il very beiny of cullatt'i-al consanguinity consists in lliisj,/ui'mtv. ■ I' ',' Ml' 8;m II, ,U ,|r. Lrrf'N iitr roiiiilfd. lOXKci'l'dliS A\l> AliMIMsruATiiltS. (Icscnil fr(»in one iiihI IIic siimc iiihcsloi-. 'I'liiis, 'I'iliiis mill his I»!(»lli(i- jiic i('liit<'arlies rcdaled to the common slock, and then downwards a};ain lo Hie oHier, reckonin;^- a decree I'or each person, both asceiulin;; and descending"; I^ I <>< l\, il IKI I ll< II IKI » II ^t > )l j^illll I <> a decree I'or each person, both asceiu (H', in other wor«ls. lo lake the sum o lines to the common ancestor. r the dejiices in both li ni:l(U. ('(iliilil. 207. Ilidini y. I'dnidill, Ciirtli. Til. Distiiic- ticiiis fiiiiii I'liiinnDii l:i\v rules as to sill'- I'fssiuii to taliciv 10!tl. Several distinctions niav be observ<'il. with I'eferencc to the correspondin<;- rules ol' the common law. respecting;' succession to inheritances. 1st. Kelations hy the father's side and I lie moHier's side are in eipial dej^ree (d' kindred. I'oi-, in tlii>i r<'Spoct, di<;nity ol' blood j-ives no jirererence. Hence il in iiy happen that relations are ;rees. who are no relation at all to each other. L'nd. The hall'-blood are kindred of the iniestatc, and have b( (Ml exdnded frtmi the inheritance of land ciily on feudal reas(ms. Therefore, brothers and sisters of Hie half blood are <'ntilled to an (Mpial share of the intestate's l 111 w nil ;i\v Ihr lliis. A I ».MI N |sru.\'l< (Its. ilii K\uf|p- tiolln to rule cif C'( r|ll|>lltil- tii.ii as til piiixiiiiil y (it luiiil- ivd. Fatlicr (iiily sur- viving. imtt"}. The pi-ct'ci-ciicc of iicilcs to tciiiiilcs wlijili oxists in llic siicct'ssion to iiilicriliiiiccs srciiis (o liavr sii'iscii ciilircly I'l-oni llic I'l inlal hiw; iiiul Iims iirvci- been Jil»|)li<'(l to lijilils respecting- pei'suiiiil estiile. IOttrefei('iice. and so JU'e their lineal (lescendants to the remotest decree. I'.relijit V. EnJyii, Aiiihl. lll'J. I'nd. Where the nearest relations, accordinji' t(> the above computation, are a jirandfather or a <.:i'andiiiother and brothers or sisters of the intestate, althoii^^h these are all I'elaled in the second dej^ree. yet the latter are en titled to the exclusion of the former. IOa7. ]{y section (I of the Devolution of Estates Ac! when a ]»erson shall lqu- lioun was overruled by Walker v. Allen. 1'4 A. W. .'>.">(i. and it is there laid down that where brothers and sisters share in an intestacy children of deceased brothei'S and sisters also share per ftliri )('S. lO»!>. To recapitulate, in the first place, the children and their lineal descendants to the remotest degree; and DI.STUIHUTH^N' HlSri: llllST oF JI.LV, IHUC. 887 Oil fiilliii'c of cliilili'di, llic piii'cnts of tlic (Iccciiscd iirr en tilled, (lien follow Id-ollicis iiiid sish'is. tlicii ^riUKl- fjltlici's iiixl ;;i'iiiHlliiolli('is. tlicii iimlcs oi" iM'|tlii'\vs. ;;rrjil graiMlfjillicis iiiid ^iciil-jirjiiidniollH'is. niid l.istiv cousins. lOIO. If ii iiiiii) dirs iiitcslnto williniit ji cliiM. l»nl Wi.inw IcJiviiiji' it widow and a lalln-r. ilicii Ihc pi'i'soiiai ostalc ,,,i,\i\j„;r. sliall go in iiioiotios iM'twccii llic wife and father. Kiilinni \. Kiiliniii. (',\\\. I'ji. ("as. llio. lO II. So. with resix'cl lo tli<' inollier. I»ef(ti-e ilie sla H'^^' ' riiMllni-. luteof 1 Jac. ir. ('. IT, if a eliild liad died intesiale. with- iitMih. is out a wife, cliild or fatlu-r. his mollier was eniiiled as his j.^'i'. ,.■"■'"" "" next of kin in the first degree to liis whole personal estate. IJut by that statute, section 7. it is enactt-d. " that if, aflc!" the death of a father anv of his children shall die intestate without wife (»r children in I he life- time of the niolher, every brother and sister and the re l)resentatives of them shall have an equal share with her." Tlie ])riiici|ile of this pinvision is that otherwise the mother might marry and transfer all to another hus band. liUti}:ht,i(,ui-inii-iiiMiriitli(>i- or ;>raiMlin()tlici' Immiih; in tlit^ sccoihI (Icjii'cc. will he cntillrd to (lie \vliol<' |M'rsoiiiil cs- lalc. exclusive of the uncles oi' aunts who are oiilv in tho third de^i'ee. Wiiiiili ii(f V. \\'i('l,inirHt, I'rcc. ('liiiii. T}'2~. lOlO. Ileuce, also, •ireat^'rand fa tilers (»r ^reat- j^i'andinotherH, heinji in the third in eipial moieties as hein<; iu' e<|ual dej^ree. for here dij;iiity of blood is not material. ill' Aunts and iiifctM ; nil- clt'H 1111(1 nciplicus. Attinity pives 11(1 title. I04.H. Aunts and nieces, uncles and nephews. bein;j ill in the third (h'jiree. are all e<|ually entitled. Hence, wheic the intestate left two aunts and a neplu'w and a niece, children of a ' collaterals after bnytheis' and sisters' chil- dren. Tliis provision must be construed to mean brothers i>isri!iiii'Tii.t\ siNcK I'litsT or .iri.v, \khc,. iV.V.i ilinl sist<-|'s of llir illli's|;||r, iiixl liol iis jMllllit I ill;; I't-prc- sciitiitioii. wIm-ii the disi rilnil ion liii|i|M'iis to fall iiinoii;;' l»rolli« IS iiiid sister's who iiic iciiiolt'ly rchitrd to tlic in- It'Sliitc, fof the ilitcsliltf is the siihjcct of lllr Act; it is his estate, his wife, his thililreii. and foi' the same reason his hidtheis" and sisters' ehildren; for lie is e(|nally cor- i'i'la(i\-e to all. 'riiercfore. i,f the intestate slionid leave an niH'le and the son of another nnele deceased, the latter shall lia\e no distributive share. So. if the next of kin of the intestate 5ihonld he nephews and nieces, a child of a deceased nephew or niece will not he admitted to share in the distrilmtion. I05I. If the intestate's brothers and sisters were at <'l'iM'arls in eleven with the son of tile deceased brother, lint in the event of some of Ihe intestate's brothers and sisters bein;;' alive and some dead, and such as are (had having- left children, such children take per stir|tes by way of representation. Therefore, if an intestate left a brother alive and ten children of a deceased sister, siicli ten children will take one moiety of ilie personal estate, and their nnde the other. Iliijlii/ V. (dill:, li I>ri'\v. iltll'. if Fl/l/i, of tlin Dixfrihiifion irlim Ihr Inlcxldtc 'lUls IhiWi- ciJcil Alii'ddd IO«>3. The d'.stribiitioii of the personal estate of the i',.rs(,iiM, intestate is to be re;;iilated by the law of the country in |,'|'^j',"|,|,^j^,, which he was a domiciled inhabitant af the time of liis''.v.iH>t (InllllCllu. death, without any rejiard whatsoever to the place either of the birth or of the death, or the situation of the i)ro- perty at that lime. It is ])art of the law of ( Mitario that personal jiroperty should be distributed according; to the jus domicilii. If. therefore, a man die domiciled in this 340 i:\ia IToltS and ADMIMslltATdltS. conii'lrv, niul iulmiiiislrnlioii ho (akcii (uil to liini here, (l('l)ts (liic to him or ollici' of liis personal clVccis, altroad, shall lie ' ((► the law of Oiitaiio for the lex loci rci silao is not to ho rccojini/ctl. On the olhor hand, if a man domiciled abroad die intestate his wliole Jtropcrlv here i,s distiihnled accordiii<; to the lans of the connlrv w liere he was s(> domiciled. A man's domicile is prima facie the |dace of his resiwinji' that sncli residence is either con- strained fi(»m the necessity of liis alVairs or I i-ansitoiy. Il//((7,)r V. Ihniii, 7 11. 1... Pit. DisiriK til 111 ct nsidiif, Sl.rlli, of llic l'(ii/)ii( nl i>f Ihc lif'sidiii'. I05:t. Altlion^h the eif;lith section of llie statnte enacts that no distrihnt ion of an intestate's ell'ecis shall he made nut il one year he e.N|»iicd after his death, yet if a ]»ersoii entitled to a ilistrilaitive share shall die within the yeai' such inleresi shall be considered as vested in liim. and shall (o his persmial rejiresentatives for this pi'oviso makes no suspension or comlition jirecedenl to the interest of the parlies, but was inserted merely with a view to creditors. I05-1. The statute ;ilso is in the nature of a will I'l'amed by the Le.uislatnre for all such ]»ersons as die with out havini; made one foi' themselves, and by cousiMpience the parties entitled in disii-ibut ion resemble a residuary lejiatee. and it has been always held that if such lejiatce (lies before the amount of the surjdus is ascertained, still his r rv, liilc luill if :i thill I ill this villi will ilh- licc liiry lite It ill not il.ly liilc hall U'il- lOtiO. Doubts hii\f Ih'cii ('X|iicss('(1 wliclhcr these iMilcsafe to }4<)\('iii. Ill Older to iiiideistaiid thcsi' doiiids It is ii(M('ssar_\ to slate I lie |tio\ isioiis of seel ion III el" t lie l>e\ oliition of l']stales Act. Tliev are as I'dlows: W irli iiliy |iiii'|lnii >r III nil! exilic dl' !i |ii'i'S(iii dvili:,' ii.i m'W ■•iricr (lie lirsi (lii.v ol' .liil.v. ISSiI, \i'sis in liis |ici-S(iii;il I'l'inc-i'iii ,i |'ii-.in.i lives iiiidiT tliis A<-(, sikIi |icrsiiii,il rcin'cscnl ill iscs in iIh' iiiiir |i|i|l-i||lM I l\i s I.I lie prt'l til ion III' iiii.v sImIiiIc nf lliis i'rci\ii ICC. or III I lie Cll|l>l nict ioll (iT (Iri'lllI'd ini.V ilist rillliclll Id wllicli the deceased W.ls | |i,irl.V, III- ill wiliill lie is illlcKslcd sll;lll, wllile I lie eshile relli;iilis in lliein li" lieeined ill l;i\\ liis lii'ir^ iis respeels Sinli liiiillnii, unless ;i eoiil|-M|-\ III- teiiliiiii ,'i|i|ieMi's. lull iiiiiliin;; in ihis sei'lion ciiiil iiini il slnill ilTo'l llie licnerici.-i! riL;lil i(> .■iiiy pie)ieri>. or ilie clln^| nici idii III' words dl' liniil.-il ii>n id' :inv esl.-ile in nr l>\ ,'ii;v deeil, will nr ullier iii--l iiinienl . Out. SI Ills. is;i7 t I. It. I05T. Seel ion :!l of the Wills Act I K, S. ( >. Is!>7. chapter Ills, is as follows. ^^'tle^!> ;iliy lent e>liile is i|e\ ised by I liv teslnlor d.viliL.' nn 'iv \\ liter llie .1 III d;iv cf M-il-eli, ISSO. to the I leir (ir heirs nf sii ■h of ••lieir tcsl.'iloi'. or of iiiiy other person, tiiid ii is siunitied li\ llie will the worils "I <> I'liiil riii'v or oilier iiileiition leir :iii( I " h sllllll Im e^hile .( r. (onslriied lo liie.iii the |c ison or |iersoiis to whom siidi !-e:il esl.'ili would descend under llie l;iw of (>iit;irio in iiise cd' :iii inlcsliicy IJ. S. <>. I SSI toil. ;i. lOtliS. 'Pliiis, when inidef a will, llie words ''heir" or interpie. "heirs" are used, it becomes also necessary to know t he |'j.^'|'"||"^ Iriio interiiretatiiui of section 4 (1) of (he Devolution of"";* " Estates .\c(. I K-tat. .Act. lO*")!!. The dillicultv arises as follows. .\ li iioii^h ^Vl,o ai "h'-irs. section 1 (ll of the .\cl seems to appiv I.e Staliite ,it Dis- 1i ibiitidiis to all pnipei-ty real and iM-rsonal. seclioii i:'. i h of the A cl \csts llie real estate in default of caution in I he devisees '"or lieii's." Seclion ITi preserves I h.e rights of nonconsentinj'' heir '(I iiui I •> also mentions " heirs ulio do not concur ■■ in a sab-. Secti also reco^ iii/.es possible (daims (d' "heirs" as a;;;ainsl pnrchaseis. 14M>0. "Heirs" is niKbuibtedly a technical ti-riii meaninji' the parlies who are eiililled to land b,\ (h scei.i MS (»p|)osed to persons entitled to the pirsoiial eslale who jll'o not in law called "heirs." The Ac!, tlierefoi e. it is :y2 My own lisilit lii'ir KXKCl'IOIIS ANI> .\l».MIMsrii.\l()|!.S. jirniK'd. ciMiiMiiis iiitiiiisic evidence ilml ils own [>i(t\i sitin (seeiiiMi ' (III Mi;i\ niidiT some ciiennisl.inees nut 1m' ;i]i|ilie;|hle. I04>l Itelore Isl .liilv. is.sil. there wert in I'oive n-r Inin inles of descent for iciil esl;ile. T.v section ;{7 of llie |te\()lMlion ol' I'lsl.'ites Act these liil's ;ire deehll'ed to Im' no lon.i;ei- in I'oi'ee. l4M>!i. 'I'liese hisl mentioned iides (lalli of my said wife or dan;ilifer. wliichi'vi-r may last take place. sS'f DISTKIlUi IH»N .SINTK MitST OF ,iri,V, Ihhi;. !] 1^ 'I'Ih' (hin^lilcr died iiimiiii'iifd in licr inollK-r's lift' lime, li;i\iii^ inadr ii \ill iissiiiiiiii;^ lo dis|Mis(' of the iTsidiic. Held. Ilinl lilt' diiii^lilci- wiis nitillcd l<> lake as tlic *' i'i;^lit licir " of I lie Icslator. Cijiilsirdi III \. (in. Sim, I A . K. "J I. I*>. ".M\ lawful iM'ii's." 'I'Ik' ficiicral iiilc I hat My lawful ^\ litTc a h'stahf dt'\ iscs |ii'(»|m'i-I v (o ids "liriis" IIh- ""^' iK'irs arc to he asrcrtaiia'd at llic tiiiic of liis dcalli, is nut ail't'ctcd hv tlic lad llial llif imtsom aiiswciiii;^ llial ^>) to the heneljt of my lawful heirs," the chdd wan held entitled to the residue. 'l'liiilill:sHII V. Siililll. L'.", A . U. •J'.l. MMM>. " I'-ailnre of Issue.'" — I5y his will, testator Isiilmv ,,f . cli. I(l!t, sec. :!l^. the faililie of issue i-eferred to was a failure duriii};' the son's lifetinu' or at his death and not an indelinite failur<'. and lliai by \irtue of a subsetiueni clause he to(d< a life estate and not an estate tail by implication, and tiiat on the teniii- nation of the life estate the lands fell in and termed part •of the r(>sidue. Mdiliii V. (hiiiiiiliii; L'(; (). K. SI. IMI r.\K(JU'l'()l{S AN' I) ADMINISTllA'I'OKS. Nt'iirt'st (if kill : tiiiii' (if a^i'cr- taiiiiiik'. I4K>7. In lln' Mltsciicc of iiiiv - contcxl, tlic |icis(iiis ciilillt'd midrr (lie (lt'S« ripl i«ni " nriircsl (if kill" ill il will ilir llic licillTst lilood iclillidlis of llir trs- l:tl*ii' :il (lie lime iii' his (IchIIi in iin iisccndini;' iind dr- sicndin;^ sciih-. And wlicir "he Icsljilor devised liis fiii'm l(» his onlv child. ;i daniiiilci'. ;;i\in.!^ iiis widow the iisc of i( nnlil the dau^hler liccanic ol' njic or niarrieci, ]>rovidod tliat in (lie cNciil of llio latd'f dvin^' willioiil issnc " llicn in that »as( il slioaid he ciinally divided between his " ni'aresi of Icin." and llie . followed. The word "then"" int rodncinj:- Ihe ultimate devise, was not \ised as an advcrii of time. Inii nu'i'ely as the e(|uivaleul of tlu' exincssiou -in thai case"' which fol- lowed it. and did not allect the construction of the will. liialiiiil \. I. nil, mil . L'li ( t. |{. .jT1>. MliiliMlf ilivixidii. lOliH. A testator who died in ISJO. bv his will niade in vear. devised all his inoiierty to cei-lain iiersons as executors and tfustees n|ion Inist fof Ihe mainteU' ance and suppoit of liis wife and unmaffied (hinmhiei's, as loiiji' as they slumld •■ontinue unmai'i-ied. and live with his widow, and then directed that "when my beloved wife shall lia\e deiiaited this life, and my daughters shall lia\(' manied or depailed this life. I diicct and re(]uiie my li'ustees and execntois to conveil Hie whole of mv estate into niime\ lo the best advautaac bv sale mmmm^^^^^ T DisruiitiTioN siNcK I'lusT oi' ,iii,v, i8H(i ;m5 Ihricof, .111(1 divide (lie siiiiic ((iiiiillv jiiiKHij:' those of my s;iid sons iiiid (hiiijilitcrs wlio in.iy lie llicii liviii"-, mid tlie ciiildrcii ol' my sjiid sons iiiid d;in;;iil(is wiio may li.ivc (l<'|»iii(('d lliis IH'c jticvions llicicto." Meld, tiiiit tlic di\isioM must lie iici- slii[»L'S iind nol |)cr cnpitii. 11 //■1^. A Icsliilor. wlio died on I lie Mli of Xovem- ?',,ii>tiu.' luT. iS(iT, l.y his will, nuidc on tlic intii of OrlcdxT, I>«i7. 1'.','",,"' devised l.inds in Oiitiiiio to liis wile nnlii her death op ' l" " m!ii'ria;;(', and npon liei- deatii or marria^ic to iiis son, "sliould lie lie living' at the hajipeninj;' of either df said (•(H4.lin;4('n(ies." and if not then li\inji' ** unto the heirs of Hie said (son;." The son died in .Inly, ISS,"). intestate and iinmariied, and the widow died in I'^'hrnary, 1SS7. Held, that the Act aliolishinj^' heirship \>y primo ■i'liitiire. It iV: l."! \"n-i. di. (1. applied, and that all the hrothers and sisters of the s(»n were \\\a "heirs," ami entitled to take nnder t his de\ise. Tylee v. Deal (ls7;'.l. 1!> (ir. (Idl, and l.aidwin v. I\inj^sioiie IJS'.MI), IS A. I\. <>:'., dislinjiiiished. siiiiiLs V. Wtiiff, S) A. i{. :;•_'•■,. IOT4K The testatrix de\ised and ])e(|iiea(lied alll'"-ti"ii. - her leal and jiersonal estate (except her ready ineiieyi ,ijvisi(,n. to one .M. I'oi' life; and npon I he death of M. she directed that all her real and |»ersonal eslale sli<»nld lie sold; and tli(^ proceeds thereof, tojidher with all her other moneys, she l»e(|ueat lied to (aiiioiij; othersi the sitis and daughter of her sister .M. A. There were at the date n\' the will t wo danj:hters of M. A. lisiii;^'. Held, ijial parol e\idcnce was admissible to show that the testatrix intended lo beiietil only one of the daujiht els ; and that the evidence wli'/wed thai she intended to exclude tlie other. Ilidd, also that the di\isioii of the reaon (lie niarriaut' of <'., and that on the event hai>|K'nin;i' each of the daiijihlers took an ininiediate absolute inteicst. Minn II \, Siiiiiil. i A. It. -t4'.». I' ■rinil cf (hstribu- '4iun. V a ..f distrilw tiuii- lOTtJ. A tcstatoi-. in lS.~i(). devised certain land to ^I., and in cas(^ of her death without issue, then to the heirs ('. and I'], "to be iMpially divided between them.'" ('. died after the testator, leavinji live children. .M. died after ('. without issue. K. survived at the date of the hearing', having' . 'le child livinii'. Hold, that the jieriol of distribution was u|ion the death of the tir! were then tfie heirs of <'. and K.. and that they ictek per lapila and not per stirjies, Fiiuilir V. .Ii.rntsnii. '22 Cliy. :'4!>. 1€>TJI. A testator devised his lands to his wife '' lo liave .ind to Indd the said i»reiuises with appurtenances unto thf said •!. S., for and diiiiiiii hei- naliiral life, and afterwards unt«. the surviviiiii children of my cousin T. S. S.. to be divided hare and share alike." Held, that tlie ji'-riod ut disti-ibiilion was .iflei \\\v death of the u-n- ant foi- life — the wife; and thai he children nf 'T who were lixiim at thai date. (U- their i onl; parlies enlilled lo the estate. S. S. >sue. \ I're t lu' Sun III (i,iiiiii:ii. L'l' n»y, Tior. DlsntlliflloX MNCK IlltST OF .lll,V, IHnC. an I07I. Il\ a will of personal <'stat('. at'ter a lit',' ,"' ''^ "^ (•slate liad been ^o lo the |)ei-sons who would inherit the personal estate — that is to say. the next of kin. JJiinisoii V. ! S. (". IJ. at p. ;.)3U. I >('al h <• I ii>( il li.v (li viM'i'. i.HH'hi V. i.uiiiiji. 'i\ s. ('. j;. (;.")(». Ailviiii.cini'iil 111' cliilil. Hi Ihill, M U. j;, ."i.'iT. (JhiV'-'c nil 1 .and. Miiiut V. Millish, :'. (). It. 174. ■^1! ■ii! i m 318 EXKCUTOliS AXI) ADMIMSTKAIOKS. TAIJLE (JF DISTlUnUTION.* // till' liili-ntdti' die li'dfinj : ///>• rriiri'.-ifiitnHiwn lukc tinii : ' Oiio-tliinI ^ocs to \vit'(,', rest to chiltl or cliildreii ; if cliildreii deiul, llutii tn tlieir lineal (IcrtfciKlants, fxcopt such Wife and cliild or cliililnn ....- cliild or children (not lieirs-atlawi who had estate by settlement of in- testate or were advanced l)y him in his lifetimee(|iiai totheotluTsiiares. ('.Is'.H /§!, (•()() to wife, rest half to wifeand liair to next of kin in e(|iiHl - Chihlren by two wi\es l^inally to all (all bein^ eciually of kin). If no child, children or re[)re-'All to next of kin, in equal degree to sentatives ( intestate. (1(121)). CJhild and t^randchild by cieceased ' Half to chihl, h.alf to f^randchild, who child I takes by repres-entation. (10()4l. »r 1 1 1 ' Half to him and half as if he had pre- Husband on v ... , i ■ l i l /mi.ljv I tleceased intestate. (itilH). H, 1 , 1 1-11 111 ( One-third to husband and two-thirds to usband and child or chiUlren.. , , , , ,,,,,^,, ( children, (ll'.isi. Father and mother Half to each. ( l():i7). Father, mother, brother or sister. .Iflciually to all. ( ln;i7). Mother and brother or :-iister .. ..Whole to them e(jiially. (lOll). [Half to wife, residue to mother. Wife, nutther, brother, sister, brothers, sisters and nieces, but and nieces or nepiiews nejihews and nieces take per utirpes. [ (Klii.S.) Wife and father Half to each. ('.HMD, (1010). „,.. ., , , I One-half to wife, one-fourth to mother, W'lfe, mother, nephews and ' , f .i *. i i ' ' and one fourth to nephews and nieces , . „,..■.„ /n,>A.' ,i,..i, -1' (1 Brother and sister and wife Half to wife, half to brother and sister eip ('.i:iui, (1031)). 'References in brackets to paragraph t I to their le^iil to mother. ler and wistcr DlSI'KIUl'TION SlNf'F-; KIUST Ol' .lUI.V, 188(5. If the Inti'sliiti' i-i\wiiln}. child ) Nei)hew bv brother, and nephew 1 ,, ,, /w.rii-, /ir-i>\ by halt-sister ; ' - ^ ' ^ ' I'Jrothers or sisters, and nephews I Nephews or nieces take prr st I rji !'■■<, or nieces j otiiers eijually. (lU.'iOi. Nephew by deceased brother,) and nephews and nieces by > Equally, ^icr (V(^;/7'(. (10")1). deceased sister ) Nephews and nieces, uncles and 1 ^^„ ,,,j„„,iy (,o ,^,_ lii'other or sister and }^randfatlior...\ll to brother or sifter. (1037). Brother's grandson and brotiier I . ,, 1 1 ,1 ^ • , . 1 , . A to dauL'hter. or sister s dauj^hter ) *' Hrotlier and two aunts All to brotliei'. (lOlill, 2). IJrother and wife Half to each. ('.»8'.)). Mother and biotlier Eipially. (lOH). (Half to wife, one-fourth to mother, Wife, and mother, and children | one-fourth to deceased brother's or of deceased brother or sister. . j sister's children pm- ulirpi's. ('.(8W), [ (102(>), (1041). \v:p„ 1 .^n. . ■ I. 1 (Half to wife, one-fourth to brother or \Vife, brother or sister, and I . ^ ., r .1 » 1 ,1 -ii., f 1 1 1 »i sister iier ciipttii). (Half to brother or sister ;)('/• cnjiitii, Eiother or sister and children of half to children of deceased brother a deceased brother or sister. . or sister [ler t^tirpen. (10l.'5), llUJtl), i (U):W). (irandmother and sister All to sister. (I0;i7). Cousins of same degree Jvjually per capita. \U\) i 4 ■ 1 ■ 1 ■ 1 ^\ \ \ 1 ' ^ ;. ' I ' !' 1 850 EXECUTOIIS ANIt AKMINlSTUAToKS. liiiibiliiv of execut- or. HXCtMltur. l'(Tsiiii;il liiiliility t^Xl'CUtllf. I'rriiiiist' liv iuliuiii- i.«ti"itur. CIIAP'J'EIi IX. nF TIIK l-IAIUI.ITV OF AX IIXKCITOK ()]{ Al>- iMIMSTK'ATOli WITH liKSl'KCT TO HIS ONYX A<'TS. I07»5. Tlic cxccnloi' iiijiy lie sued iis executor on ;i inoiiiisc iiiii(l<' by liiiii iis exectiloi'. mid siicli inoiiiise will ••liai'fit' the dcfeiulaut no t'lirllier tliiiii a inoinise of llie testaloi'. \\'ins. p. KK'd. lOTO. hi aetiuiis wliidi are hfoiijilil auaiiisl an exe- ciilor. ill llie cliaiactel' of exeeiitoi". to recover llie demand (lilt of tlie leslaldi's estate, ji iireiiiise Ity tlie executor is a nier(> nndnni pactum if llieie were no assets. li'diin \\ IIikjIks, T T. K. iJ.'o. 107T. A |M'(miise l»y an executor (>!• administrator lo pay a debt of the testator, of to answer dama-ics. will not make bim ])ersonally liable unless there be a siilVicient consiideralinn to support the promise. For a bare jn-o- mise by the executor does not make him liable out of his own estate, but he is still chargeable only as executor. and to tlie extent of the assets in liis hands, in the same manner as he would liave been had no stub ju'omise been made. I5y the Statute of Frauds the executor or ad- ministrator will mtt be liabb', unless the i»romise is in writing-, but although the promise be in writing;' it is of no more etVect since the statute than before, unless it bo by deed, or there be a ^iood consideration for it. lOTcH. A ])rom1se by an administrator by word of mouth, madf before administration is < Ii\' r.v ext cntoi. wliicli he wns nt»t ohli^icd to do until his bill wJis i,y ,',,11,'.,'.' ^ pnid. Mini these deeds were of ;;i-e;it use t(> tile oxecntor in *'"• sevei'nl snits which were then ciiiiyin^' on. it wns held thill this Wiis :i siillicient considenition to nmke Ihe ex- ecutor lijibic to the nltorney"s wliolf denmnd. whetliei' tlieit' were assets or not. llumiUi.ii V. Iiii-hthii. I Itr.i. V. ('.4. lO.Hl Ifiivinji' assets is a jiidod consideration foi' a Av^ts Itroniise by an executor or an adniinistrator to jiay a debt !;i,'|",..itjon. of the deceased, or to answer dainaj,'ss out of the execu- tor's own estate. 10S2. I!y tlio -till secli(ui of the Statute of Frauds, jii ('liail..s 21)rhas. II. c.';{. it is enacted that: He. :<, ..4. -Vip ilctidll >.]iill lie lil'dilnlit wlicrcliy In cli.irt;!' :ili,v cxciMltur nr iiiliniiiistr.-Udr iipdii ;iiiy viiccijil piuinisc to ;iiis>\cr il.niiii^.'(' (Hit nl' liis nwii ('State, or wluTcliy to chiirKc tilt' (ici'ciiclaiit ii|ioii any sjicciai ]iroiiiisc to answer for tlie delit, default or iiiiscaiTJaire of nioiliei' person, unless the aiirei iiieiit ii|miii wliicli sinli ae(ion shall lie l(rou;;lit, or some ineiiioraiiduni or note thereof, sliall he in writing' and signed hy tiie part.v- to he e!iai';:ed tiierewitli, or some oilier ln'i'son thereniilo lawfully aiitliorized. 10.HJ$. Section S of an Act respect iiiu- NN'ri I ten Pi'oin- isos and Acknowled^nn-nts of Liability (U. S. (). IS!»7, c. U(!|. provides: No sp"eial promise iiiatle hy any person to niswer foi' the deht, ('mi-ider- defanlt, or mis( arriau'e of .iiioilier person, heinir in wriiiiiir and ''"""'"' sitrned hy the party to he eiiar^-eil llierewitTi. ur hy s <)tluM- Ji'n>u','.r f,,'i' iM-rsou l.'y liiin tlieieuutu lawfully aniiiorized, shall he deemed i>""''"i" .3 Hi IPij: IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 'r"a IM I.I «!i k lU III 2.2 ,06 2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 ■* 6" ► V, *>; ^c'^ ^;. c^. c^^ ., > ^-^y V /^ Photographic Sciences Corporation 4\^ iV « ^. A pn /■ \ if , 852 EXIXUIOKS AND ADMIXISTUAToUS. lu'fdiiot lie iiiv.-ilid Id sii|i|M^rl nii .-M-lioii, oi nilicr pmr liii>.' ti r li;. iicct'ssiiry inlrri'iicc lii'in a uiilliii iltKiinu'iit. lO.S'l. Tills Act iciiMJVcs IIm' ilinicnlty rjiis<'«l l»y AN'jiiii V. AVnillcis, r» Kiist. 10. wliirli dccidrd tlint tlit- con sidcrjiHoii of \\\v promise iis well iis tlir proinisc itself sImmiM lie ill wriliiiii', oihcrwise il wjis void. liiiiliility for fiiiHT. t'.\p»'IISfS. lOMfS. Where an executor ruhmits in hroatl terms by il siiltinissioii 1o iirliitfiilioii h, juiy wliiitcver sliall lie iiwardi'il. Mild llic ai-l)iti"itor awards Dial lie shall jiay a cei'laiii sHii)_ he is personally hound to pei-forni ihe award, whelhei le has jissels or iiol. For if an execiiloi- or ad niiiiislralor '^-iiiks lit to refer jrenerally all matters in dispute to .r illation without proleslinj; a<:c:st the reference • ui;; taken iis iiii admission of iisseis. it will anioiint to 'm\i\\ iin iidmission. 'I'hc Arliitialiciii A.i is ]{. S. (). 1MI7, c <;•_». lO.SO. If iin executor or iidministriitor -iives oitiers for the fuiiei'iil. or ratilies ts the iuts of iinothi-r piirly who liiis jiiveii siicli orders, he niiikes himself liiihle individiiiilly. iind not in his rejireseiitiitive chariictrr for the iciisoiiiihle ex|>enses: illid not wit listillldili^' Ihiit. p:eiieriilly speakinji. iin ii the executors's ri^ht to indemnity; and (3) the rijjht of the trade creditors to avail themselves of that indem- nity: — Field, that the executors were entitled (in priority to the testator's creditors) to be indemnified against the liabilities which they had properly incurred, and that the indemnity was not limited to that portion of the aswts which had come into existence or had changed its fo.ui since the testator's death. DouHc V. Oorton, (', A. 40 Ch. D. r.3«5 (vnrifd by II. L. (E.) (ISyi) A. C. 1S)0; In re Brooke (18JM!), '1 Ch. OtK). 1003. A testator's direction to his executors to con- tinue to carry on business with his surviving? partners, does not authorize the executors to enjbark any new- capital in the business, fimith V. Smith, 13 Cby. 81, lOtH. Where the trustees and executors of a will carried on the testator's business after his d<'ath, and in- curred trade debts, and were in default in payment <(f ,no„ey— llc!(l, that to deprive them of their indemnity thev must be in default in payment and not merely in rendering' accounts, and that the trade creditors were en- titled to prove ajjainst the estate through the right of the trustees to indemnity. In rv Kidd, Kidd v. Kidd (181)1), W. N. 73. LIAIULITY OF Willi UKSI'ECI' TO HIS OWN ACTS. 'I'lio assets of a tlccfisctl p;'rsr)ii nro not Hablf for lU'bts ini'urred by All executor or admiiiiHtrator in contiiuiiii({ the trade or busineaa of I ho dc'ci-asod. I.oirll V. (iihuun, 11) Chy. 280. Executors cnrryiiiK on business ontitlod to an indemnity. hi re KUUt. S U. 2(!1. />• »r Milhtnl. 72 L. T. 823. Contiimint; l)usiii(ss. Woiti^ V. Wortg, IS O. R. 232; /.. if C. v. Wallace, 8 O. 355 1005. When the haw speaks of executors not carry- wiun ex- inp on the hnsinews of their testator, it means that < 1»<* v I^J^'i'i^jIu,, are not to l>uv and sell. There are nianv eases when continue . .' , , ■ , 1 a *^ .• ii buuineHH. t^^cecntors not only may but are bound to continue the business to a ceitain extent. \Vn)s. I). lUS'J. 101I6. If a party contracts for himself and his exe- Contract cutors to build a house, and dies, the executors must Jjo f,',',,,"',!/ "' on or they will be liable in damages for not completinu the work. Mamhall v. lii :(lhur8t, 1 Cr. & J. 405. lOOT. If a bookseller undertakes to publish a work in parts, and before the completion dies, a subsciibcr has a claim upon the estate to complete the work. So, if a nuin makes half a wheelbarrow or half a pair of shoes and dies, the ex«>cutors may complete them, and they are not bound to sacrifice the property of their testator by sellinfj articles in an imperfect state. So. if the de ceased die possessed of a manufactory, his executcu's wo,uld be justified in continuinjx the works for a reason- able time if this should be reipiisite for the purjiose of sellinp the machinei'y and i>remises to advanta>;e. and they will not l)e ch.'irjxed with any loss sustaiiwd in em- jdoyinp of assets, and so continuing the trade, if tliey act according to their best judgment. Collinaon v. Lister, 20 Boav. 350. C'-atrapt til iiublisli a book. i"' B.< ?• fiv I; 86(5 KXKCUTOIIS AND ADMINISTHATOHS. .",1( ! he ]! :■ ] >r\ M-itMN it (Ulilll'll. l,i;tl'ility n oi" iic^tli'rl (»i"|tl,viii;; llio iissfis conliJiiv lo liic (liiiics iin|)osi-tl on liini. foi' which ill) t'Xoniior or Mihniiiisti'iitof mnsi iinswcr out of his own pocket. ;is fill' iis lie had. of nujili' 'lavo had. as sols of llic (h'ccascd. lOllfl. An oxocutoi' is jMisonall.v lialdo fof all hfoachos of the oidinaf.v ti'usts which bv a CouiM arc «tHi- sidcicd to aris«' fi-oin his olVico. />•( \lins,lt II, JCi (". 1>. 7S;!. 1100. \\'h('i'»' jH'isonal jti-oporiy is h('«ineatii<'d li» cxoctiiors. as irnslccs. takir.«r pf«»l>ato of the will is in ii self an acccplamc of tho particnlaf tfusts. 1101. Tin' jicnci'al rnlc as to iho liahilit.v of oxccn- loi's ami adminislraloi's in this I'cspcci is founded on two |»rincipl('s: il) In oi'dor not to deter |»eisons from under- lakinji ihis ollice the Couit is exlfenu'ly liberal in makinji' evei-y imssilde allowance, and cautious nt>t to hold executors of adiniiiist fatofs liable upon slijrln jifouiuls. C'l ("are must be taken to jiuard a^rainst an abuse of their trust. TihliM V. rnriinitn: 1 Mndd. l.MtS. 1I03. Kxocutoi's ami administrators may be jruilty of a devastavit not only by a direct abuse of the elVects of AD IJAIiiMI'V OF IN KKSI'KtT To HIS OWN NKfiLKiKNI" ACI'S. tile iKiiiiinistiaiioii as will (lisii|)|M)int llic ilaiin- Jiiits assets to tlic salist'artioii of the cxt'cutiirs own «lrl>t In a tliiid pai'ty. So. wlu'iv lilt' cxcciitoi' ('(tllusivrly sells the testator's ^oods at an iiiiilei- value, when lie ini;;lit have ohtaitieti a higher piice for iliein. it is a 1 -"l , ' umii-iir.i- adiiiiiiistratioii of the exeeiitor or aiiiiiiiiistrator are mis- tion. applyinji' the assets in undue exjienses for the funeral; jiayuient of delits out of their Ic^mI ordt-r to the jireju- diee of sueli as are superior, or l»y assent to. or payinent of a lejraey when there is not a fund sullicient for credi- l«»rs. 1104. If the executoi' surrenders or otherwise fails to preserve the i-esidiie of a term of years where the land is of <;reatfr yj'urly value than the rent, it is a devastavit. 7 /(i)//i/i.v(y;i V. '!'!;,, II. iisiiu, !l l*li<<', 4T<'i. 1105. If the rent lie jri-(.;,i,.i- t|,;ni the yearly value of the laiul. and the testator was the assignee of the term, the executor may he ;ruilty of a devastavit in nefjleciin^ to exonerate the estate of the i«'stat(M' from ils liahililies in respeet of the lease, by assi<.rnin<; it to some other person. liMirUy V. .\iU\iiis, l M. iV. i'v. ."lol. 'I'lIUl I'f vtaix. .\-.>ik.'ii- nil lit iif Ii nil. IIOO. An exeeiitor will be jiiiiliy (»f a devastavit if MmIuli! he applies the assets in payment of a claim which lie isi.;iii,|r,.„. inM bound to satisfy as if he makes disbursements in the schoolinjx. fct'dinjf or clotliin<;: (d" tin* children of the de- ceased siibsequejitly t«) his decease. Uihfi V. Dymn, 1 Stark N. V. C. iV-'. 358 EXKCUTOHS AM) ADMINISTHATOllH. II07. An «'X«'('ut()r insiv pM.v a (U'bt prove' to Im' I*iiyin is not Iiouiul to plead tlic statiit4> to an action coninicnccd aj;ainHt hiiti by a cn-dltoi' of tlic testator, I.firis V. liitnnu-y, L. 1{. 4 K(\. 4."1. MllHt UHU (]iiu (lili- IIOA. Siicli acts of ncjxli^encf or careless adniinis t ration as defeat the ri^lifs of ci'«'ditors or iepitees. or |)arties entitled in distribnti(»n, will amount to a devas tavit; for, if i>ersons accept the trust of executors, they must pel-form it. They must use due dilijicnce and not suffer the estate t() be injured by tlu'ii' nejilert. Delay in imviiu'iit of '(K'l)t. IIOO. So, if an executor delays the payment of a d«'bt payable on demanal and int<'rest incuri'ed after the tes- tator's death, this is a devastavit, for the interest, unless the exeeut<)r can show that tlu' assets were insullicient to dis«harj;e the debt immediately, and where the executor ])ermits debts carryinj; interest to run on. when he had in his hands a fund to i»ay them, lie shall be charjjed with interest at that rate. Untr V. Itnhi'iis. ',','2 Roav. 7'5. D.layiii 1 1 IO. .\yain. if the ex<'cutor bv his delay in com- COIIUIH'IIC- ■ ' ing iiction' menciu}? an a<'tion, has enabled the debtor ot his testator loju'otect hims<'lf under a plea of Mie Statute of Limita- tions, this anuMints to a d<'vastavit. East V. East, u lliiro. 318. \> J ! M»»noy on bond. 3111. Where, for more than three years, executors permitted money to remain due on bond to tlieir testator, without enquirinf? into the circumstances and situation of the oblijj;or, or calliu}; upon him to pay in the money, the executors, on the oblijiors becoming; bankrupt, were held responsible. Afloniey-Oateial v. Iliyham, 2 Y. & Coll. Ch. C. C)34. l\\ LIAIULITV OF IN UKSI'ECT TO HIS OWN NEOLKJEXT ACTS. 359 Ills, if jinv l'o(»(1h of tin- iJ'stator iirc sl<»l«'n fr«nn *■'•;•''" , . . * - . . ,. "toll". the ]K)ss<'Msi()n ot iiii cxcnitor, or fioin tli*' possrssioii of ii tliirtl person to wliost- custody llicv hjiv«' bct'u dclivrrcd b.v tin* cxtMMitor. or arc lost In casiiiilt y, hh by aeti(h»ntal tiro, tlio cxtH'iitor is not cliarp;c(l with tlicsc as assets. Juiiis V. l.iiris, '2 W's. Sill. 'J to. lll:{. ^^ licrc an executor puts out the money of his testat(»r, upon a real security, wliich there is no reason then to susp«'ct. but afterwards such secuiity proves bad, the executor is not accountabh' for the loss any more than lie would have been entitled to the profits had it <-ontinued ^ood. Ingle v. I'di-lrulijv, liA Hi-iiv. 41. 1114. An executtu' or administrator lendinji money of4he deceased upon bond. |»i'omissory note or otiier per- so!ial security is ;;uilty of a breach of trust, and is per- sonally answerable if the secui-ily jn-oves defective, even lh«'i'ly, it does not enable them, even as a^iii'i^t legatees, to accommodate a trader with a loan on his bond. I.iitny V. I'ullfiii, U Sim, ll.'». HIS. Where a testator empowers his executors to lend money on jierscuial secui'ity. In* must be taken to rely upon the united vij;iiance of them all with respect to the solvency of the boi'rowei's. If one of them lends to the other this object is defeated, cssaiilv Ueepinj; his testator's money ilirowii on liini. iilllioii);li (lirrc !»■ no iiiiilii (id* H oil liiH |i:ii-t. ( Ml IIm* oIImt IiiiimI. if miiv ptolii llil|)|M II l)V llir l'is<' of tilt' sloi-k ill wliirli Ijir cxmitoj- lliis liiid on) llic iiiolicv lio sli:ill not Inivr the lirlirlil, iiiil il shall acrnir to the cstiitc of his Irstalor. I'liiiiiiT V. /•()(., ;! i>.)\\. fjs. Hi-oiinti^N, hi-nltin. lit IIIH. When' lllistrrs illo ImmiikI to ill V. -si llioii.-v ill piiiilic riiiiils, iiiiti iiislciiil of (loin;; so /rtain the iiioiiiy in thrir hands, (h* invest it ii|)oii iiisntlirit'iil srciiritv, Ilii* (M'stnis (jiii tnistciit max clcrl to rhar;:<' tiicin cillin- wilii tlir amount of the nioiirv or with t h<- amount of the sloiU which they mi<:lit liav<> imt'chascd with I Id- moncv. I'lhflr V. /'((()/.■ r..;i\. -l.'iO. ,L! I>i^.r.ii..ii mil. \\'ln'n' (lu'varc not hound to invest nioiu'v in ti) lIlMMt. 1 • 1 1 . ' authorized stock, or in any s|M'cilic securUv, but by the terms of the triisl have a discretion to invest it in vari oils ways, they are cliarj;ealtle with the wlude amount of the trust fund lo;;ether with the interest. IfitliiiiMoii V. UoliinHiin, 1 l>t *i. M. \ . ."I'.IS. 1133. It is not the iliity of the executor (o call in money invested on real seciirily where no risk is ap- parent. (iivrstiiii'iit— I (lie. h'v (luhourii'. Caary v. floUurU. \\\ O. R. (J3r>. I'l'iili/.) V :it, I-I,\HII,ITV or IN UKSl'K'r |() IMS OWN' Ni;( JI.IOKN I A< IS. }J01 ll!2!l. 'riic |)l'cs<-lll nilrs :IM lo illltli<»l'i/.y Ontiiiiu StiilutcH, Ib'J'J, """'-• c. II, H. 5J2, 1111(1 lUOO, c. IH, H. I. L'. ill 'rrM>i((s or txrniii.i-. Iiii\iim' Ini-l iii<>ii'\ in iliiir IwiihIh, '|'niNt<'« uliifh ii is ill iht'ir tliily, or \\ liiili it js i iiiv.'-l lli. -i iii"y in ill liny >-iipck, ili'li) lit nil's nr -fciirilif^ of the « ;ii\ .•iniiiriii nf iIm' iimiD'y in I toiiiiiiiiiti ol" < 'aiiiitlii, iir nf this riuviinc. nr of imv of \\t,- oili.r """'" i> ' .■ < • • ' . . ', -tTiiritii'H. I fovllMCS ol ( llllllilii: or III iji'licllllllrs or xclinlli-s, llir IMyini'llt of In, I,. ,.V(.t ^^lli<'l| is ;:inir i nii'iij liy ihi' Comih m of ilir Doniinion of ( 'iminhi, --^ -i V'. or of iliis I'mviiKi.. or of imy of tin- olliir l'ro\ incr^ of riiinnh; ,„.'■•'••'•"•''■• ill till' ili'lii'iit nrt's of iiti\ iniiiiii'iji.'ilit >' in tiiis rrovinii-: or in si-niri- lii's uliii'li iirr ji first ilniix'i' on liiinl lii-l; iiforcsaiil, ;inii iilso. Ironi tiinc to liinr, ;il ilii'i- ilisiiciion, • o \iiry niiy mh ii iiixfstniciils ns jiforosaiil. for otlin-s of tin' >iiiiic iialiiic; iiniJ aii.\ sinli nioiii'.\ s ilirncly invc^licj in ;iny sinii stoik, ilt'liinl iirt's or sninii jes as aforesaid, sliall In' in'lij aiMJ lakfii to liavf liccii lawfully aiiliall .•ijiply iiiiil oMi-imI im Imili |ii-i-iiit •'i'"! 'I'ln* fiitiiri; tnihtc'i's uikI executors. J{. S. (>. \hh1, c. ||(», h. -V.t il imd '^i. H.-ction to iilPlilv to .'!. Ill I'or the jiiirjiose of tile followini.' seitmns of tins Ait the ,,[| ,,„^^. CXpressKUl "Ini^lee" shill lie ileellieil lo ineluile nil eXeeulor or '' >'. '•t*'- )iiiiiiini'«lraliu-. ami a trustee uhosi- trust arises liy eon^^t nut icui i,r ''"'■'■|"''- IlltlOII. iiii|ilieation of law as well as a:i express trustee. rji The provisions of lliis Ael relatiii;: to a trustee shall :ipply..,,, Jis well to se\eral joint trustees as to a sole tril-lee. (ol The expression " stoek " shill iiii hide fully paid up shares. Ill The exiiressjoii " iiist riiinent " shall ineliide an .\et of the Lef^ishitiiri! of Ontiirio. Out. .Vets, |s',i|, c. I'l, h. 'i. •I. The powers hereliy lonfeired ale in adilition to the poWeiN \,|,|j,j,,„,^| i'oiiferred li.\ ilie iiisi iiiiiieiil . if iin,\. eieitiiii.' the tru-i; provided that p'/uvrs lioiliin;; iief'iii •otilaimd shall autli>ri/.e any trustee to do anylhiiitf Wllieh lie is ill I > press terms fiU'liiddeli to r|o. of to oinil to do jiiiy- thiii;; wiiieii he is in express terms direited to do. liy ih,. instrn- nieiif creatin;: ijie trust. K. S. O. ISST. e. lln. s. j'.t rji; Out. .\. is, is'.ti. e. I'.i, s. :;. ."•. ill It shall lie lawful for l trustee, unless eX|iress|y fnrliiddt II |,n.,.^(.. l»y the instriiineiit (if miyi ereatinu the trust, to invest any trust ineiit of funds in liis hands in terniin.'ihle didteiitiires or delieiiliire stoek of tile hereinafter mentioned societies iind companies, provided that such invesiineiit is in other respects reiisonahle and proper, and that trii-'t funds. ii&l KXKCirrultS AND ADMISISTUAI'ollS. ,»■ ■ k 1 1 If li n '■,< H H I, niiil liiiviiiK a ri'si-rvr rninl anioiiniinu to imi li tl lan ■') I i>r I'l-nt. ol' its piijij lip I'lipital. nml its sloi k liipin: market value of not less tliiin -•'> per eenl. preiiiiuni. (><( ( M' any soejciy or loinpany lierelol'ore ineorponiteij iiiiiler eliaplcr li'il ot tilt' Keviseil Slaliiles ol' Ontario, 1.S77, or any Art iiM'orporaieil tlnrrwitli, or iiiiiler rliapti ll'i!) of till' UeviM'il Siatiites of Ontiii'io, INST, liming a liipil ili/.eil, li\t'ii, I'lii 1 up ami perinaneiit slorl; not lialile to lie williijiaw M tiierefroiii anKiintinu lo at Irasi ,\hii'h has not ol>taineil an t.itler of the Lieiiteiiant- IteVoCil- tion of Oriler ill (,'ouiicil approviiipr (if iiivest- nieiit. e. l!i, s. r>. 7. The Lieut«'nuil-(iovernor in ("onneil if lie th-eins it expetlieiit may at i\u\ time iH'Voke any Order in C'oiimil prv'viously math- approving of investments in (he dehenlnres or delK'iitnre stock of any Society or co.iiMany. Such revocation shall not affect the pro- priety of inveslmeiits made liefoiv siieh revocalioii. t)nt. Acts, ISSH, e. 11). t. (i. tS. Ill No trusle(> leiidin^j money upon the security of any prop- When tniHtce not ollilixealile for lfn(ii,,j,' ;ealile with breach of trust by reastm only of the pioporlion borne by the amount of the loan tu the value of the whom the trustee re:isoiial>ly lH'li«>ved to be an able, practical, sur- veyor or valuer, instructed ami employed independently of any owner of the property, whether surveyor or valuer, carried on business iu MAHIMTY (»F IN l{KSI'K< I' To MIS o\vN NKOlJflKNT ACTS. )\(\'\ liii' ImiililN wlicif llii' |Mn|iiiiy in Hiliiiil4' iir il-.(.\vlnTf, Mini thai llio jiniiiiiiii III' lli> luii'i iliM's nil) I'M' I itiii' liiilr III' till' viiliii' III' llii' |irii|ii'rl.v lis si.'iii'il in iIm' ri'imri, iiml tlitil llir iniii wii-' iimilf niiili'i' iIh' inlviif III llii' siMvcxu' or viiIiht I'Xjirt'sM'iJ in tin' niincl. 'Iliin St'i'liiill sllilll tljijil.N In II liiiin lljMili llll.\ |il'<>|ii'l l> nil wllirll til" Inisli'i- i:iii li:\vl'iill.v Ii'IkI. CJ) Tllis S( (I nil sllilll lljijily Im tl'linsfiTs nf I'xisllim sci'lllilil's im wi'll ;iK III IH'W si'i'iirilics, mill li. invi'>iiiii'iils tninli' ii-* wril lirl'uri' IIS nil iiliil lli'liT till- llll il.'l\' nf Mliy, IS'.ll, unless snliii. ai'llnli or nllli'l- |il'iii't I illli;.' W.'is |ii'lii|ill|.' with I'l't'i'l'i'lH'i' tlii'l'i'ln III tll>' stiiil >( ilii- invi'stnii'iil iiinliiiK line lict'ii a |iin|iii' invest iiit'iil in all i'es|ieits Inr a less sum •'"'" ,i'ii||,,|||,',.,'i was actiiiill.v' iiiJMini'eil tlieremi, the semrity shall )>>' ileeiiieij an iiiiiiiiiii'. aiitliiiri/eil iiiM'siiiieiit I'nr sinli less siiin, iiml the tni i cs sliiill '"'l'. ;.'' ■ >\,'>'2 \ ii't. only lie liillile In IllllUe yniiij the slllll !|i I \ II lliiil ill eXiess till- f \>ltll,. _f,i( ^ r^ inleri's'.. CJl This sei ticin sllilll a|i|ily In in\ e^llnellls niM'i is well lii'fnr as nil mill .'I ler the Itll i|;i\ III' Mliy, IS'.ll, nniess snine :"'tinn III- other prnieeiilli'.' W ;is |ii'ni|ili:,' with retil'i llie thiretn ,'it 11,' HiliiJ |M»iiiis iiiiotlicr i<> I'cfcivc Akhu fnr tlic iiMMM'y of Iiis Icsliitor. iiiid lie receives it. it is liie * * 8iilii(' Uiiii^f Jis if the exet'iitor liiinself Iiiiil inHl;iiiy I'e- (.•eivctl it. Mini will lie iissi'ts in his Imiids. lint with I'csiKM't 1(> losses snstjiiiieil hy the fnilnre of hankeis. <'i" i.-.^j],,,.,. ,,f other |iei-sons into whose hiinds tlie nioiiey of the tes- i':ii>l<''>>. tiitor hiis lieen deposited l»y the execnloi-. where the money was niadi from necessity oi- conformalily to the common nsaj^e of mankind. Ihe e.vecutoi' will nol he iX'Spoiisilile for llie loss. rvHtrkk V. Ctarkr, :}! J.. .1. Ch. 72.8. f I H ,it lU ^i'l 11 S64 EXECUTOllS AND ADMINISTRATORS. Auction- 112G. Where ext'outors employ an auctioneer to sell any portion of [ho assets. an'I he receives the (leixisir and fails to i)av it over, the executors will not. "[enerallv speakinp, lie held peisonally liable for the loss. r.iliiKiiKls \. I'tvki, 7 Hciiv. l!.'!!». 1137. The forniei" law has been relaxe»>iti()ns. administrator and a trustee whose trust arises iiy construetion or " trustee."' ■ ,, ^, c i n ^ ^ implication of law as well as an express trustee. (li) The provisions of tlie said five sections relating to a trustee shall apiily as well to several joint trustees iis to a sole trust<>e. (.'!) Tlie expression " instrument " shall include an .Vet of the Leyishiture of Ontario. U. S. O. lS!t7, c. V2U, s. I'T (1, 2, .'!). Ont. Acts. 1S!»1, c. l!t, s. 2 (1, L'. 4). Apply to (4) The said five sections shall apply .^s well to trusts created all trusts, j,^. ,,„ instrument executed tiefore as to trusts created on or after tlio 4th day of May, ISJtI. and tlie powers Iiy the said sections con- ferred are in addition to the powers conferred liy the instrument, if any. creatiiii; the trust. Provided always that save as in the said sections expressly |)rovided. nothiii;: therein contaiiU'd shall autliorize any trustee to do anythin« which he is in express terms forliidden to do. or to omit to do anythin;.: which he is in express terms dire. s. 27 (41. Out. Acts, IS'.U. c. I'.l. ss. I!. 14. Extended to joint trustees. " Instru- ment." I'r .appoint- ment of aj.'ents liy trustees LIS. (]) It shall he lawful for a trustee to apjioint a solir made or concurred in making' any sucli ol, J")'2V. appointment; provided that nothin;: herein contained shall exempt ■ ^" **■ 'a trustee from any lialiility which he would have incurred if this section hail not heen enacted in case of permitting; such, money, Yiiiuahle consideration, or projierty to remain in the hands or under the control of the solicitor for a period lonjror than is reasonahly necessary to enable the solicitor to p"y or transfer the same to the trustee. (2) It shall be lawful for a trustee to appoint a banker or sidi- eitor to be his a^rent to receive and give a discharpe for any money payable to such trustee under or by virtue of a policy of assui'ance or otherwise; and no trustee shall be eharjieahie with a breach '■"^■"'<'' of trust by reason only of his havinj; made or concurred in makhiK J.IAHILITY OF IN UESl'ECT TO HIS OWN NElJLICiKNT ACTS. 365 niiy Hiu'h aiipoiiitiiu'iit; provided that notliiiiK liereln conlained sliall ex('iiii)t a trustee fniiii any lialiility whiili he wmild have iiioirred if thlH sei'tion liad not l»eeu enacted, in case lie iterniits sucli money to remain in tlie hands or under tlie (ontrol of the l)anker or solici- tor for a iierlod longer than is reasonably necessary to enable him to pay the same to the trustee. (■'{) 'I'liis section shall ai»|ily only where the money or valuable cf)nsideiiition or property was or is ret-eived on or after the 4th day of May. 1S1>1. H. S. U. IS'.t", c. 1211, s. \1S. Out. Acts, 1S!M, v. 1!». s. 7. Administr;itor aitin;: by ai-'cnt. o'siilliniii V. Il'iihi. Kt A. U. 7f«. 113.S. A (Icviistavit by one of two oxtM-iitors or ad niiiil.sti'jitois sliiill not cliiiijrc his coinijanion. provided he has not intentionally, or otherwiso, contrihiited to it Un' the testator havin<; inis])laced his conlltlence in one shall not operate to the ])rejii«lice of the other. TlKM'efore. an <'xecntor is not. under oi'dinary circnnistances. n spon- sible for tlie assets come to the hands of his co-execiitor. lint where an exenitoi" possessing; assets of his testator, hands over these assets to a co exeeiitor. and they are niisapi)lied by that co-execiit**!'. then the executor who hands th<'in over shall be answeiable for their inisappli- <-a1ion. unless he can show a j^ood reason for havin<: so acted, r.tit if an executor is merely passive by not ob- structino; his c(»-executor from jjetlino; the assets into his ])ossession. the former is not responsible, if tli<' one in any way contributes to enable the other to ((btain jMtsses.'iion ; he is answerable, notwithstanding his mo- tive be innocent, unless he can assij-n a siiHicient excuse. Thus, if by aj^reement anionji; several «'xecuioiS. oiu' is to receive and intermechlle with such jiart of the estate and another with such a ])art. each of them will be chai'oeable for the whole, because the receipts of each ai'e i»ui'suant with the a^jreement made between them. Therefore, an executor havinj; a fund standinj; in the joint names of himself -md anothei* cannot, tipon the mere r<'pi'esentation of the oo executor, if false, be justi- fied in doiufj an act that is an exercise of power over that fund. First, the act must be necessary for the pur- Res j)on.si- bility fur act« of co- executor. 1 ■SiT; i f J. I, Co-execu- tor a Jiiink- er. 366 EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTKATOHS. Iioses of the will, ami iht'ii llu' imtsou, to whom the ro- prt'sentation is made, has imjtosrd tipon liim at least onlinary and reasonable diligeme to en(iuii'e whethei' the representation is ti'ue. Uroitdhurat v. lialyuy, 1 Y. & ('. l(j. 1130. If one executor places the property of the tes- tator in the hands of the other, who happens to a banker, or in such a situation that the act is not imprudent, the executor so depositing shall not be charfjfed in case of a loss, for if he had been a sole executor, and under the same circumstances placed the money in the banker's hands, he would not have been liable. Effect of 1130. One executor is not answerable for the re- taking pro- bate, ceipt of the other, merely by taking; probate, permittin}^ the other to possess the assets, and joining; in acts neces- sary to enable him lo administer. styles V. Guy, I M;ic. & ({.. 422. Passive acquies- cence. 1131. It is the duty of all executors to watch over, and if necessary, to correct the conduct of each other, and an executor, as well as a trustee, who stands by and sees a breach of trust committed by his cotrustee becomes re- sponsible for that breach of trust. See Anhcr v. f;istered shares or be unre>:istered, and then sold as shares to bearer; the latter was the ordinary course of business. ,1. re«iuested B. and C. to unreRister the shires. This was done. J. niis.ii.;troitriated part of the proceeds, and absconded within eleven months of A.'s death: Held (It, that unrejiisteriuB the'bonds ar .1 handlinj; them to J. to sell were not " unnecessary " acts, and that B. and ('. were not liable for J.'s misappropriation; (2Mthnt as J. was trusted by A., and as B. a.id C. had 110 reason to susp<>ct him, there liad been no such delay in calling upon J. for an account as to make B. and C. liable. In re Oasquoine, Qaaquome v. Oaaquoinc (1894), 1 Ch. 470. One executor may, without the concurreHce of his co-executor, validly sell or pledge assets of thr estate to a p\irchaser or mortKHK«H' in good faith, and the purchaser or mortgagee is not put upon entiuiry or affected with n')tice of breach of trust because the executor is described in the transfer or mortgage as " trustee." Cnmming v. Landed Credit Co., 22 S. C. 240. 867 " I'nneces- sary"' Hct. Liabdity of )iurcha)i- tr or mortga- gee. 1133. If an executor administers part of the assets, he shall be charged with such as he has received, although he hns renounced the executorship, and i)aid the money to a co-executor who proved the will. For executors must either wholly renounce, or if they act to a certain extent as executors and t.ike upon them that character, they can be discharged only by administering the assets themselves or administering the estate through the Court, liut an executor who has not proved is not to be considered as acting by assisting a co-exectitor, who has proved. In writing letters to collect debts or by writ- ing directly to a debtor of the testator requii ing pay- ment. Adininis- tratit)ii of part of assets. 1134. So if one of two i>ersons named executors dis Disdai m claims and renounces, who afterwards possesses himself [','raTiigent of assets, as agent to the other, who has proved the will, ft. 868 '(•>; 1 II M '1 , jllli Hit ! rf( V !H Kff.-ct of will. Recpi|)t liy oxecii- tiir iir trustee. p:fT('ct of ooiicur- leiK'e ur :ic(|\iie.s- eeiice. EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTKATOltS. tlu* forniei" docs not Ihcrcbv become accountable as executor. Loirry v. Fiiltaii, 9 Sim. 104. lliSfS. Where an executor lias once proved the will, he cannot renounce his representative character and act under another, lie «an do no act in re<;ard to the estate for which he is not answerable as executor. IISSB. "Where executors join in a receipt, both hav inj; the whole power for the whole fund, both are charjjfe- able. ]1S<7. Where trustees Join, each noi havinj; the whole power joininjx beiiij^ necessary, only the person i-e- ceivin^ the money is char^icaldc (Ini.iorii V. (Iniidiii. '1 V. \- (". '.WTt. 113'S. Althoujih concuri'ence in the act of devasta- vit on the part of the j»arlies injnicd by it, or accpiiesc- ence without orij;iiial concuri-ence will release the execu- tors, yet the Court must iiKjuire into all the circumstances which induced the com-urrence or ac(|uiescence, and as- certain whether their conduct really amounts to such a previous sanction or subsequent ratitication as ou^ht to relieve the execuKu's from responsibility. Diivim V. // lU-av. 177. I rrt)fits. llSfl. An executor must account for all i)rot1ts which have accrued in his own tim«', either spontaneously or by his acts, out of the estate of the deceased. Siiijihii V. I'rnntihiinl, li Sin. iV i' inon Kxtcutor v'litn- Kuii(linir lu' shiill not lake the hcnctit of it liinisclf ; but otlirr cndi ''•""" tors and Ic^iatrcs sliall liavo tin* advanlajrc of it. and for want of llicni tlw* hcm'fit shall j;o lo tin* jiartv who is tntitlcd to the smplns. Jl'irliiii V. H:.sxiinl, 3 I>r. \- Sin. 4(il. 1143. If an executor lavs out the assets on i>iivaie I'rivatt- securities, althonjih he shall answei- foi* all deliciencies '""^^"""''"" which may Ite caused ihereliy. he must account to the ('State foi" all heni'tit. .lr/;/c V. I'l llilhhdll. 1 i.'>>\, L'-J. 114t{. An executor, if he takes npi>n himself to act Kx.outor witii lejiiu'd t(» the testators jtroperty m any other man- tiaiy t.. nei- than his tiust reciuires. i»uts himself in this siiuali<>n. """"* that if there he any loss 1m' must rei»lace it; but he can noi possibly be a jiainer by it. any j;ain must be fur the lienetit of his certui (pu' trust. Crosskill \. lUiinr, W'l Hciiv. .St!. 1144. There are two lar^c sums in his hands to answer \y.\w\. the exi^.'ency of the testator's atfairs. especially in the course of the first year after the decease of the testator, in which case the fund is not considered distributabh' until after that tinu'; but if an executor keejts money (b'ad in his hands without any ajtparent reason or neces- !-ity. then it becomes ne^ili^^ence and a breach of trust and the <'onrt will charp' the ex«'cu1or with interest. Diirriiiiort V. iMIN'I.STll.>T<)K.S. 1I44S. Where JUi executor allep'd that he liad kept money heh)nj;lii}j: to the estate for several years in liis house, until the same was destroyed by fire and the money lost, the court held the executor j^uilty of a breadi of trust, and his attidavit as iu the destructi(ni Itein^r un satisfactory, refused to distharj^e him from custo«ly under a writ of arrest, Latcson v. Crook aha ii\-, 2 Chy. Cliaiiil). 42 an oi)tion of takinj;' eitjier the interest or tlie profits which have arisen from the trade. Hut they niu«t take eitlier tlu; i)rolits for the whole period, or the interest for the whole period. Jfrallirolr v. Uiihiir, 1 .F. »V W. 1 '_'•_*. Kxt'cutor 1140. If an executor or other trustee mixes tiust trustfmiiis funds with the piivate moneys, and emi»loys them botli in viitt' ' " " Irade or adventure of his own, tlie cestui (jue trust u»ay, inoiuys. if !,(» pr(>fcrs ii, insist uixm havinj; n proi)ortionate share of the profits instead of int<'rest on the amount of the trust funds so emidoyed. Portlock V. (iiirtliKi; 1 Ilarc, "I'Jt. Taking II50. Takinji' an account with rests, means tii 1 with'rUts 'iJi<^*^''' i^ f'"^' iulerest computed on tiie balance due at th« end of the first year is to form part of the balance due at the end of the second year, and upon which interest is then to be computed, and so on front year to year to the end of the account. , . r LIAIULITY OF IX UKsl'KCT TO HIS OWN NEOj.KJENT ACTS. 371 1151. It is not iisiwil ht iilldw iiit«'r»'st on claims "i'^i^^rv,''"" as tiialliiw Avlu'i'*' tlicn' is no fnirid, or wilful willioldinj; of jiecounts, Ihr int.r- onlv a loose modo of dcjilinj; iM'lwctn ilio parties. Tlu'*'^ ' discretion under which a jury may allow interest applies to the master's onice. Ur Kirl:iKilriiilatin;,' the award off^'lta""'" r' I-' rules as ti» interest aj;ainst executors and trustees may l»e a|>proxi- intin-st mated in this jirovince. (l)l>y charjiinii; an executor who ne};lij;cntly I'etains funds which he should have ]»aiil over or made prodintive for the estate, at the statutory rate of six i)er cent.; (2) by cliarjiinj; him who has broken his trust by usiu}^ the money for his own jjurposes (thou<;h not in ti'ade or speculation) at such a rate of interest as is the then current value of mimey; and (:?) by charj^inj; him who makes <;ain out of his ti'ust by endtarkinj,' th<' money in speculative or tradinj; adventures with tiie protits or with coini>ound interest, as the case may bo. The executors in this cas(» kejit consith-rable and con- stantly increasinj; balances in their liands fi-om year to year, and allowed the actinj; executor to use the money as he pleased. It was not |)roved that any protit was made out of it. and no special evidence was jriven to sliew what the current rate of interest (birinj; that ]>eriod was; but the notes and mort}xa21. 1 1 872 EXLCUTOUS AND ADMIKISTHATOUS. I -: I ^ !l. :H-; I I)i»cro- tioii ii.s til illM'st- iiitiiitM. Il5tt. W'licr*' iiioncys ar<' Id'l \>\ will to Ik- iiivcsttd ill tlic artner. beinji :in executor, is pai iisi. ^^^ entitled, without expressed stipulation, to have al- lowance for carryiu}; cm the tiade after the t«'sta tor's death. Solicitor trustee. 1150. A trustee, who is a s(dicitor. is entitled to be repaid sucli costs, charjies and exi)enses only as he has lu'oi)erly i)aid out of Ins ])ocUet. and where an executor and trustee employs his co-trustee, wlio is a solicitor, to mi LIAIULITY (»F IN' UKSl'E( T TO HIS oWN XKULKiENT ACTS. 37'J tr.'iiisacl the \rfi;\l Imsiiicss (tf llic trust, tlif solicitor is only fiitilltMl to costs out of ]>ockct. 11*^7. An iij^ciit, who is jipjioiiilcd an oxcciitor of Ac-nt his |irinci|>jil, is not entitled to chiii;;c coniinissittn on ""''"'"■ hiisinoss (lonr siihstMiin-iiih to tiie tcstatoi-'s ilciith. IIJSM. An cxi'ciitoi', who acts as aiicliunccf in the Kv.'cutcr sale of assets, is not entitled to chafiif coniinission. Iirill. ('onipeiisation to execiiiois and adiiiinisti'a- Comien tors i now awafded nndei* the anthority of sections 4(» to4:{of The Trustee Ad (1{. S. ( ). isttT. c lL'!»i. which an- as follows: 40. Any trustff niiiler a (Ift-cl, scttleiiiiiit or wil satii'ii. iiiiy I'Xcoiitor Alli tni.stfi iir adiuiiiistriitnr; Miiy uiianliMii ii|ii'iiiiiti'«l l-y any ('unit, ami aiiy'""'^'" testamentary Kiiar'C'ii, ni- any dtlit-i- tnistec. liowsucvci- Ilic trust is rreatt'il. sliali le cntitlcil tn sut-li fair and rfasonalilc allnw anc-i- fur liis rai't'. pains and tiiMiM anil Ins liint' cxncm l.-d in and almnt till' trust cstati' as nniy ln' allitwod liy tiii- IIi;;ii Tonrt or .IiidL'^, or liy any Masiei- ur Urfrrce tin'reof U> wlmni lln> niiittcr nifiy Iki rcforrfd. K. S. n. 1S<>7. <: f_",>. to (> ?S. ]{. S. O. 1SS7 not. 41. A .1 nilf,'! if tlif HiKJi Ciim't may. i<\\ aiiiiliratinn tn iiini fur Allow- mci." to tlu' iinrpiist'. settle tin- anmnnt of snrii i-iini|"'iisation. altlion;.'li tiic \^,.^i\ I- al trust estate is not liefoi-o tin- ("ourt in anv mtioii. It. S. ( >. Is.iT, !•. tl|lll|(,'ll rj!i. 41 (s. ;{<). u. s. n. iss; 1101. 4l!. (."omiiensation may In- allowed in the rase of any trust liere tofore created, as we ni a I IV to he hereafter ereated. IJ. ><. <>. ISit? 112!l. s. 40. K. S. (>. 1SS7. lloi. till- estate llwt hefolc. tile Cnurr Act to apply to e.\i.stin>r 4.'!. The .lud^e of any Surro^rate Court may allow to the ex- f,,t (s well us ecutor or trustee, or administrator aetiiii: iinder {• will or letters of tnist«. administration, a fair ami reasonahle allowanee for his care, paint ^""''P'"*^' and trouhle. and his tii lie expen l.-d >r aliout the executorship. Iiidjff niiiv order trusteeship, or administration of the estate and elTects vested in liim -"' lllc.W- Ull (Itr the will or letters of ailministratioii, and in administeriiu HICI- to lie ma( let. disposing of. and nrran^rin^' iiml settlin;.' the same ami j-'ene- executiir rally arranniim and settling: the alTairs of the estat.-, ami or iiiliiim- istnit.pv may make an ordt-r or orders from time to time theref.u-, ami ,,ut .>f tht the same shall he allowed to an executor, trustee, or administrator pt-'*''^^' f"'' in passin;.' his accounts. IJ, S. O. ISKT, c. 129, s. 4.'? Cs. 41, H. S. O. tr.mhle. 1S.S7, c. 110). Wh 1. 44, Nothintr in the next preeedim.' four sections shall aiiply to j^^^Jj j^^, any ease in which the allowami' is fixed l>y the instrument ereatins; an instru- the trust. H. S. (). 1897, o, llii*, s. 44 (s. 42, K. S. O. 1SS7, c, 110). """«• 5)74 Nil iiiHc\- illic Htitllll- hhI. (iratui- tnllM i»pr- vici's. SiirPDKate Kiiiploy- iiu-iit of agent. Sol iei tor's costs. EXECUTOllS AND ADMl.NI.STUAToHS. llflO. TIm* lijilil of ill) exf'cnfor to roinponsMtion (Icpciuls omilt'ly llpnii liii' iilinvi- Act, jiihI lis that hIjiIiiIc has lixcd ii(» Nljiiidjinl. cacli rase is to he o//a' Honir v. l.cirij, -1 (). H. IS. WillUiinn V. Uou, i) O. 11. ',-A4. nuiinDii V. Ih-fiinon, 17 iiv. .''.od, dotibtoa. Hietinriijlit v. Liyx. 1 (). It. lilTt. • /4/t/kt v. Sin 111, 1:5 U. It. yic.. Taylor v. Mmjiulh, 10 U. J{. C.dVl. Jhiunr V. Wilndii, -Ji A. IJ. C,-J4. II4»!2. Where a sail for the adininisli'a(ion of an *'sta(e is pendinj*'. it is iniproiiei* foi- the sniro ji jirovident owner mi}i;ht well employ a c(dlettor. and the extcntor will therefore be allowed the exitense so incurred in his a«couut. 1104. If an executor ])ays a solicitor for his trouble and attendance in the transactin.u and conduct of the testator's affairs, he oujrht to be allowed and !■■ 'H ! LIAIUF.ITV ol' IN- HKSI'KCT TO HIS OWN' NK( M.KiKNT ACTS. 375 rrpaid wlint lie pii.vs. Hut an cxctiiior Is not fiititlt'd to \n' jillowcd, williMiii (|ii('sli(»n. llic ani<»unl of tlic l»ill of rnsis wliicli Ih' lias paid. Tlic ofliccr of tin- Court willi- out rt'^rulailv taxing' tin- bill will tnodriatr (lu- aniotint. .InluiHiiii V. I'llfunl, '.', l{ii«-^. (Ii. Til-. 177. Ilft5. \\'lH'rt' a solicitoi' is aiipoiiitcd fxccutor iuid ><"licii<'r . ■•Xft'uti/r. is at liltci'ty to charge for liis piofcssionnl scrviit-s. he is oiilv entitled to cliarjic for seivices strictly pi'ofessional, and not for nnitters wliieli an ex. out of liis (»\vn pocket tt» pay the dehts of his testator ,.,.,itor. wliicli carry interest, or satisfy some »»f his testator's creditors win) are very impm-tunate and threaten to brinjj: actions, he is entitled, not only to he jtaid in full in j)rioi-ily to creditors, hut also to an allowance of interest for the nion«'y so advanced and borrowed. SihiiU V. \\i>iij, ."> Hro. ]'. ('. 7l'. 1167. The followinp; cases will prove useful as an incliontion of tlie leaning of the courts where the nroceed- ings are taken against executors. Kxecntora may be deprived of their costs wliere they have improp- erly nianajjed the affairs of the estate, thontjii not yuilty of any wilful misconduct; and this rule was acted on where the personal representa- tive of one of the executors was a party to the suit, thouj^h he had not Hcted in the management of the estate ; his testator's estate bein^ ample. Keniieily v. I'iihile, 27 Chy. 30">. Where an executor by his misconduct in the manatjement of the estate, causes a suit, and but for the fact of the suit havinvi been brought the assets whould have been dissipated, the court will not as a general rule allow such executor his costs out of the estate, although no loss has been sustained; and where in such case, the party interested tiled a bill without calling upon the executor for an account or affording him any 1*^ 'it.* i ,- 1 m 370 EXECUTOUS AND ADMINMSTKATOKS. opportunity of Hhowinu tliiit liia deiiliiij^H wore correct, the court refimed the coHtH of tlio Mint to either party ni) to tliu tiii4 her of the costs of suit subsequent to the decree. KiUim V. KUUm, '2!) Chy. 472. ^ Held, that the executors in this case were entitled to their costs, because the action was not occasioned by their misconduct ; but they were disallowed the costs of such part of the en(juiry as was caused by the misai)plication of the fumla or their failure to make reasonably accurate entries of their dealin;{s with the estate. Ill re Hiinnherncr — llunsbfi-gcf v. Kratz, 10 O. R. 521. A trustee or executor stands in the jame position as any other litif^ant with respect to costs. Smith V. WiUinnmm, 13 P. W. 12(5. Sec also Sthllsdil V. Cljlilr. .".1 ( >. U. 7t~U. Where the executors were (leprived of costs for iniucccss.irily n iristcriii;,' a Uciicwal of Cuution under the Hcvohition of Estates .\et. i»Airr IV. C HA FT 1^11 I. ilKMKIUKS von KXKCI T(H{S AM> AD.MINIS THAT(U{S. (1 ) LXKiTTOIlS AS ritl'SlKKS. HON. II will li;i\(' Imm'II Iiolirt'd ill llic [ticccdlliu Kx»cut..r piij^cs tliiit iiniiiy stiilciiM'iils liiivc liccii iiiiidr iiiid"'* ''""■*■'' siiiiiiics (|ii()l('(l iillcrtiiiy IriisttM's. Iluw i'jir ilic iMisiiion of iiii cxcciiloi' is (lull of ii (iiislcc iiiiiy he ^iillici-ni from the followiiij; iiii' iinijlics: Al'tci- ill! ilic dell's III' III rstiitc arc luiiil. iinil nrtcr llic liipx' uT .vciirs iroiM liic Icsljilur's ilc.illi. llific is n siiHiciciit iirfsiiiiiiitiuii lliiit (llic III' (ill' scvci'ill I'Xciiitiiis :illil tnisU'cs iji'iilill^ willi jisscls is su • Icaliiii: <|ii,'i inisicc mih! iml as (.•xmiini-, in sliil'l the liiinicii uf imiuf. Cininiiiiin V, l.iiiiiliil CiiiUI (II.. "JJ S. ('. II. •Jld. Wlicrc tile saiiir iiiTsiiiis ai'c cXfciid'rs ami triistci's iimlrr a \\ill, llicy (l;i mil 1( sf llicir imwrrs is siuli cxciiiiiirs aiul Imtuiiic iiirif tiMstccs, wlu'ii all the Icstatiir':; kiKiwii liclits ari" iiai'l. ur iiy men' lapse 111' lime. /■:iniil V. (iiiflt.ii, 1."! Cliy. -JO. Citninoii V. i'liniiihill. 7 A. K. .'ttil. lluiiijiiiH V. I.air. 14 A. K. at p. MM. Exercise of (Hiasi-Jmlieial t'liiietiuiis i valiiiiii;!. Kill- V. Kai: S ( >. I{. \SA. llOfl. Till' iiosiriou of triistc*- will lie hcfoaftcr not l''"*'^!"" o trustee. ■f>o (l}Ui''('i'oiis if llic stilt iilcs liciciindcr (|ii«i|(m1 arc lili<'i'>iilly applied. The clcincnts of lioiicsly. roasonalde- iK'SS and j^ood faith will lie altsidiitoly i-tHjuiied in order to invoki' tlieii* proteetion. ..k& m ay 8 'rnisttti' <'i>iiiniit' liri'iifli (if trust at ilisti^'a tiiiii iif • ijiiy. I mil. A,'t M. ,V_' \\ <•, r.'.i, s. c. Kflirf of tlMstffS cuiiiinit- tlU^f It'l'll- iiical lirciicli of trust. Imp. Act Ml. CO y. f. liij, s. [i. \U'v. Stilt. <•. 12!). s. 'M, appli- oatitiii of. raynii-iit into C'oiirt liy pHrsoii lioldiiiy^ tnist iiioiK y for tnistfc. i:.\i;crT()i{s and ADMi.sisTr.ATous. 1170. S('(li(»n :W <»r the Tnislcc Act is ns f(»II(»\vs: .'!0. (1) AN'lici'f .'I tfiisti'c liiis coiniiiittcd a lirciicli of tiMist at tlio liisli^nlioii or ;,'(iut'st of with tlic coiisfiit in writiiiK of ii liciicticiiiry, llio t'ouit iiiiiy, if It tliiiiivs til, and iiotwillistaiidiiij; tliat tii.' tifiic liri!ii-y is ji iniii'i'icd woiii.'iii ciititlod for licf .'^cpiirato iiso, wiiollitT with oi- witlioiil a ri'straiiit upon anticipation, malic sim'Ii order as to tin' Conrt .sccins jnst for inipoiindinu all or any part of tin- interest of tln> liciielieiary in tlie trnst estate l)y way of indemnity to tlic trustee or person claiming tlii'on^li liim. C-'l Tills section shall apply to hreache-i of trust committed as well l)cl"oie :is after lli(> Itli day of May. ISIM. except where an action or other proccedinir was then pending with reference thcret't. H. S. O. 1Si)7, c. 1L".>, s. :!(». Out. Acts. ISHl, c. 1!», s. 11. 1171. ()nt. Acts, 1S!M), «'liiii»lor IT), is its f(>ll(>\vs: 1. If in any itroccedinjr alTectJMjj; trustees or trnst property it appears to the Court ihal a trnslee, whether .•ii>p<>inlcd hy the ("onrt, or li.\ :ni insinimcnl in wrilinir, or otherwise, or th\l any person who in law may he held to li.> tidnciarily ri-sponsiiile as a trnstoc, is oi- may he pi>rsonally liable for any breach of trnst whether the trtinsaclion nllcKetl or foniid to be a breach of trust occurred before or aftt>r the pissin;; of this Act, but has ai'ted honestly iiiid veason- ably, ami oiikIh fairl.v to be excused for the bri'ach of trifst, and for omittiii); to obtain the dire<'tions of the <'oiirt in the matter in which lie conmiitttMl such breach. th(M; th(> Court may relieve tlu' trustee cither wholly or partly from personal liability for the same. •J. Section :V.\ of "The Trustee Act " shall extend to and include ailministritors upon intestacy, and with will ai\ut>xt>d, ami whether already aiiiminti'd or hereafter to be appointed. .'{. (1) Any persons with whom trnst moneys h.ave been d(>posited or to whose hamis trust mou(>ys have com.', may, in case the trustee has licen iibseiii from the I'rovince for a ii'i'iod of a year, and is not likely to return it an early d;it»'. or in the ev>'nt of the trustee's death, iiay the siiiue into the llijrli Court under an,i in conformity with the provisions of law for the relief of trustees. C2) 1'liis section sliall extend to a case wherc^ there are more trustees th:iii one, and the trustee or trustees in the I'rovinoe c'aniiot Kive ■in actiuittancc of the money. (2) PETITIONS FOR ADVICF. 1173. Tnistops hnvo a furthrr privilojjo that tlioy a IV at liborty to npply to tho Court for advico mulpr the foUowing statutory authority: UK.MKDIES— PKTHIONS FOR ADVICE. 87t) .'!!). (1) Any tnistrc, cxfciitor or !i or (liiTition of a .indj:'' of tlir IMkIi ('onrt on any (pii'H- tion n'spcctini; tiio nianaKt'nu'nt or ailiiiinlstiiition of tlic? tniHt jironc rty or tin- assets of a testator or intestate. CJ) 'I'lu' tiMistee, e.xcM'ulor or adininistratoi', acting ii|ion tlie opin- ion, niivico or direelion Kivcn by tlio ,lnr wilful eoncealiiient or misrepresentation in olitiiinini: sn construed, and most important riu'his of pirties decided hy ii sinjrle .Tnd^'e, without any power of aiiiical Avliatever. 'i'his. i am satistied (he Lei:i-I;iture never intended — It IS true that in some cases the Court h.'is (unadvised as thinlo. upon a petition uiidi'r this section, :,'iven its opinion on (pu's- tions affectiiiji the ri^rhts of jiarties. Hut 1 lielieve that the ,Iud;,'es jreiierally now consider ih.at it ou:;ht not to he done." th d\ if Kiven. is necessarily tpplicahl e on Iv to Ml ADMIXIHTKATOUS. Osier. .T.A.~lN'iili(i!i hy cxc ciilrix for the cniistnietioii of the will niid direction as to advert isiiiu' fur lu-xt of i;iii of the testator, .loiiii llaiiev. I iiiust fefiise this petition in tlie ahsenee of any of llie heirs oi* next of kin of the testator. 1 cannot jrive an opinion as to the rij;ht of th(> executrix to dis- pose of llie resiihie of the est )te in accordaiict- witii tlie directions of tile \> ill, viz., " anion;;st cluirches and clnirities, or otherwise as ht» may see tit." It is (piite possilile, havini; re^rard to tlu- date of the will, tln> vajjiieness of the laiiLruaue. and tin- natniH' of the estate, that the direction may prove iindfectnai. Certiinly. in the alisi uce of the next of kin. it wonld lie a dan^rt'roiis exiieriinenl for the |ietitioner to attempt to comply with it. I see not why she needs to concern lu'rsidf in the matter at all. She has paid the dehts. and the one legacy ahont which there conhl he no tiuestioii, and some years .•i;:o s1k> old lined an ordi'r for leave to pav tlu' halance In her hands ii\to Conit. She paid it accordin;:ly, and she is. it seems to me, dis. charj^'ed from all further rcsponsihiliiy. ('specially as she or the forivier executor had advertised for heirs, and next of kin will tind it ■\\hen they .apply for it. or wiiere tiie Crown may do so if it ever desires to esialdish u claim. 1 asked for precedents hut tlie petitioner his heen nnalde to refer me t ) any. and my own search has lieeii ecpially fruitless. I make no order. lie Mutluis. IS (). IJ. 14. Meredith. .1.— The application, in so far as it seeks advice is made undor the provisions of sec. '.\~ of e. tl(t. It. S. <). ISST, only, ani\ not nnder any of the provisions of the new Itnles. That statute j.'ives liberty to ipp'y lstion resiieetinjr the manafiement of the trust propt>rty. Hut, ii it lie. it also seems to me to lie one of so much ditlicully and im- portance that it ou^rht not to lie dealt with on in apiilieatiou of this character. See Rr ^YiUinmli (lS!t.-||. '22 A. K. t!t(i. 11T4. Tlio orifjfinatiii}; notices refiMTcd to in flic last qnot(Ml jndjinient are as follows: Tlu\y will be extensively aoted npon. HEMKIJIES — PETITION'S I'OK ADVICE. 381 consolidated iu'les of practice relatino to ouicinatinh; notices. 938. The excciitdi's or ailininistrjitors of ii decojistMl jjcrson or any Originitt- of tliciii, anil tire trustees nmlcr any deed or instrnnicnt or any ,,f "'^' J',"'^'^''/* rt'latnig to tlicni. and any person clainiin;: lo he interested in tlie reliel' sotiKlit express as creditor, devisee, legatee, next of kin or heir at law of a deceased ^''"'***'*. "'" 1 ■ » 11. (lUestlons person, or as irstui tjiir trust under tlii' trusts of any deed or m^'ti'n- ,,f ;^i,,,j|,. inent, or .as clainiin).' by assi;:nnient or otherwise under any such istnitiun. creditor or other person as aforesaid, may serve a ni>ti('e of motion retnrnalile Ik fore a .Tud^re of tlu> Ili^h Court in Chamlier< for such relief of the nature or kind following', as may he specitied in the no- tice, and as the circunistiinces of the casi' may reiiuii'e, that is to say. tile determination without an administration of the estate or trust of any of the foUowinj^ iiuestions or matters:— ((/I Any (luestion afTectinjr tlie riirhts or interests of tlie person olaimin;: to lie creditor, devisee. lej;;itee. next of kin or heir-at-law. or CI stith ipif tnixl. ib) The ascertainment of any class of cn^ditors. le>:atee.s. de- visees, next of kin. or others. ((') The furnishinir of any jiarticular accounts hy the executors or a !t.']S, tlie persons or one of the persons whose rights or interests are souj,'ht to be affected; i-ii iBWdtlliwy L ..kd,^. lilt 'M liM 382 EXECUTOHS AND ADMIXISTJtATOnS. (h) For tlic (k'tfiiiiination of any (H.ostioii under olniise (6) of Rule U'.iH, any infMilicr or alle>;i'(l nicintu'r of tlio class; ((■} l''or lilt" (It'tt'rniination of any (|uestion umlt'r clause (c) of Rule U^H, any iicrson interested in takinj: such accounts; ((I) Vol' tlie detennination of any ((uestion under clause (d) o' Rule D.SS. jiny person interested in such money; (c) If there are more than one executor or administrator or trustee, ;uid they do not all concur in the service of the notice, those who d(j not concur. LI. ^^'here the notice is served by any person other than tht? executors, administrators or trustees, the said executors, administra- tors or trustei'S. New. > Where served by some other liersoii. Special di- 040. The JudKe may direct such other persons to he served as to service. Summary judgment or order. 941. The .Tudfie nuiy summarily dispose of the questioTis aris- ing on the ai)i)lication and make such judKment or order as the nature of the ease may require, or may jiive such directions as he may think just for the trial of any questions arising upon the application. New. 942. Any special directions, touching the carriage or executi'.n of the judgnuMit or order, or the service thereof upon persons not parties, may he given as may seem just. New. Carriage and.service of judg- nient or order. Tntcrfer- 943. Service of a notice under Rule D;i8, shall not interfere cucc with ^vith, or control any power or discretion vested in any executor, !>fmr«t(4K lulministrator or trustee, except so far as such interference or control etc. uiay necessarily be involved in the particular relief sought. New. CreditorH, legetees, next of kin, hciiK or devisers may apply on motiiiii in Cliam- bcr.s for adminis- tration. F(i\u-teen day's no- tice ( if motion. Form of notii'e. I'pon proof of ADMINISTRATION. 944. Any person claiming to be a creditor, or a siiecific, pecun- iary, or residuary legatee or the next of kin. or one of the next of kin. 3r the heir, or a devisee interested nn. 946.— (1) Fpon lu'oof of service of the notice of motion, or on the appearance in p«'rsou. or by his solicitor or counsel, of the ex«TU- tor or administrator, and such other necessary parties, if any, anil REMEDIES — TETITIONS FOlt ADVICE. 383 upon proof by oOklavit of stidi otlier matter, if any. as may ho ro- qiiircd, tlu? ("ourt or Jiuljii' imiy award jinl^'iiU'iit for tlic ailiiiiiiis- tratioii of the e.state of tin- (U'ccaseil. I'oii. Kuli,' 'MM. (L') The judgment may be according to the Forms 15G or 157 as may be ncces.sary. New. 947.— (1 1 An adult person entitled to apply, under Uiilcs 044 to 950, for a judgnu'nt for administr.'ition may apply to the Master in the County town of tlie County (other than the County of York), where the deceased person, whose estate is to be administered, re- sided at the time of his (r\ ice (,f notice or on appear- MllCf of pcixmal ri'prescnt. ative, or- der for ad- ininii>tr:i- tionniay iio granted. Adult pel- son may apply to Local .Master foi- iidniini.^ta- tioii of de- cea.'-ed peisdii's estate. OpjH'sed motions to cduie be- fi ire a Judge. Hepreseiit- atiou of Infants. Special directions may Ije given n-- specting I'arri.Tge (jf <.rder, etc. Cairiage of order may sidi- sequently lieeiianged < )nler may be iilitain- ed by |ier- smial rep- I'esellt ati\e. \o ac- counts to be (irdered of realty unless lieir or de- \ ised s.r- Ve.l. .\ccciunts of realty may 1»' ilirected by supple- niental order. MasttT's proceed- ings to ad- niini. ter. m la 8> I i -P'il" m ■M 384 Master ti) liavc lull |M1\VI'I' tl) (ifal witli ifalty, |ii-r- soiialty, ami (lis- |i(i>t' (if cu.sta, etc. EXRCUTOltS AND ADMINlSTHATORS. inqiiirios. nn.l tiik.' .iiMoiijrst oiIkt !i<'(oiiiits. tin- iiKiiiirics nii.l ac- CDiints iiK-ntiMiifij ill Konii ir.T. or siuli of tliciii as may lie apiilifiil.le iiiid iiccossary. New. .Sco (.'..n. IJnlcs U~'2. (lii 'I'hc .Master shall, iiiiu.-r any siicli rcfer"ne(>. have iinwcr to (leal with hutli tiic realty and iiersimalty of the estate, the siil>,ie(t of adniiiiistratiun. and shall dispose of the costs and (inally wind lip all iiiatt»-rs connected with the estate, witliuut any further directiniis. and witliuiit any se;iarate. interim, or interlocutory re- ports, or orders. exre|pt where the special circumstances of the case alisoliitely call tiierefnr. Con. liiilc l»7.'). (ol All moneys realized from the estate .-hall forthwilli he paid Moneys realized to . heiKiid """' * <'iii't. and snhject to IJiile 47. no moneys shall he distrilmted into Court or paid out for costs or otherwise, without an order of a Jnd«e of and not ,i 1 1 • i , . . • ^ .1 ■ paid out ' '*■'" '""''• '" ^ Iniinhers, or the Court, and on the aiiplieation except (m for an order for distrihntion. the JiidKe or the Court may review, iii'der " i'lnciid. or refer liaid< to tlit> Master h's reitort. or make such other order as may seem .just. Con. IJiile U~A. Court, etc., not hound to order adniinis- tratioii. 954. It sh.-ill not he ohlinalory on the Court or Jud^re. or I>ocal Master to pronounce ov make a .judKniciit or order, whether on an\* s-ummar.\- aiiiilication or otherwise, for the administration of any trust, or of the estate of any deceased person, if the (lueslions he- tweeii tlie iiarties can be iiroiierly d.'termined without such jud^'iiient or order. \ew. 955. In any action or proceediiiir for the administration or which niay he made. < )rders other than ... , ... , ,. • , ■., • ^ for admin- *'-^''''"''""' "' trusts hy a creditor or beneticiary under a will, intes- istr.ition tacy or instrument of trust, where no aceoiuits. or insnllicient ac- counts have lieen rendered, the Court or a Judge may in addition to any powers already existing: on Order that the executors, administrators or trustees, shall render to the plaintitf or applicant a proper statement of tiieir accounts, with an intimation that if it is not done, they may he made to pay the costs of the proceedings, and tlie Cotirt or .Tudgi' may direct the action or iiroceediiig to he stayed or to stand over in the meantime, as may seem just. {h\ \A'hcre necessary, to iireveiit proceedings Ity oth(>r creditors. or by tpciu'ticiaries. make the usual judgment for administration, with a provision that no proceedings are to be taken thereunder, without the leave of the Court or a Judge. New. "^t.itutes ..)■ I'inita- 117»5. Tlio fit'iKM'iil position of a trustee lias been fni'tlier foi'titied by ihv extension of the Statutes of Limitation to cover tlie case of trusts. The statutory autliorities are as follows: ■ W REMEDIES — STATUTES OF LIMITATIONS. Section 9 of chapter 72 of the Kevised Statutes pro- vides: l>. No action or othei" proceodiug shall Ik- hroiiglit to rccoviT the personal estati', or auy share of the personal estate of \ person dying intestate, possessed by the legal personal representative of sueh intestate, but within twenty years next after a present right to receive the same accrued to some person caiuiiile rest in r»'siiect thereof lias been accounted for or paid, or some acknowledgnuMit of the right thereto has been given in writing, signed by tlie pt-rson accountable for the same, or his agent, to the person entitled thereto, or his agent; and in such case, no action shall be brought but within twenty years after such accounting, payment or acknowledgment, or the last of such accountings, payments or acknowledgments, if more than ouc, was made or given. U. S. i). 1SS7, c. . H7C. Section 58 (1) of the Judicature Act (R. S. O. 1897, c. 51), thus provides: 1. Suliject to the |irovisions of section ',V2 of the Trustee Act. uo claim of a cestui (pie trust against his trustee for any property held on an exiiress trust or in respect of any breach of such trust, shall be held to be barred by iinv Statute of Limitations. Out. Acts, ISUu, c. 12, s. ."•:! (1); Out. A< ts, ISIM!, e. IS. Sclied. (4). 117T. Section ^2 of the Trustee Act referred to in the last section is as follows: :i2. (1) In any action or other i)roceediiig against a trustee or any person claiming through him, except where the elalm is founded upon any fraud or fraudulent breach of trust to which the trustee ■was party or iirivy, or is to recover trust property, or the pi-oceeds thereof, still retained by the trustee', or previously received liy the trustee and converted to his use. the following provisions shall a|)ply: (a) All rights and i)rivileges eonferrt'd by any statute of limi- tations shall be enjoyed in the like manner and to tlie like extent as they would have been enjoyed in such action or other proceeding if the trustee or. person claiming tlirougli him had not been a trustee or person claiming thnnigli a trustee. {h) If the action or other proceeding is brought to recover money or otlier property, and is one to wliidi no existing statute of limitatifuis applies, the trustee or jierson cl:iiiniiig . through him shall l)e entitled to the benefit of, and be at K.K A. — 2."i 385 .An action to recover personal t-s-tate of an in- testate c r any part thereof must be l)rouglil-, within twenty years, imp. Act, 2.H.-_'4 V. c. ;^S. s. 13. Statutes of limitation not to apply to express trusts. Hev. Stat, c. r_>'.t. Apiilica- tion of Statutes of Liraita- tioiis to certain actions against trustees. Tmi). Act .'.1, .V2 V. c. .V.>, s. S. ill i •iiW M ;h() Afiplica- •tion r ntlier prnceedin^', in the like iiuiiiiiiT iiini to iln' liUc extent as if the elaini Inn! lieen airainst him in an netjcin of (Idit for nioney had and received; hnt so. nevertlu'less, that the statute shall ran auiiinst a nnirried wonniii en- titled in possession for her separate nse. whether with or without restraint ui»on Uiiticii>aIion. Imt shall not lK';.'in to run ayainst any beneticliiry unless ami until the interest uf sm'h henclifiary heconies an interest in possession. (2) No beneficiary, as against whom there would lie a ;:ood de- feiife liy virtue of this section, shall deiive any ^'renter or otiier lienefit froni a .iudKnu'ut or order (ditjiined liy auotluT lieneticiiii'.v, than he could have obtained if he had broiinht the action or other procoodintr, and this section had lieen pleaded. (.'{) This section shall apply only to ai'lions or other i)roceedin«s coiunu'nced after the tirst day of .lanuiiry. IS'.CJ. and shnll not deprive an.v executor or administrator of any rif^ht or defence to whicli he is entitled under any existing.' statute of limitMtions. H. S. ( >. ISOT, e. T_'!t, s. :'.:.'. Ont. Acts. ISJtl. c. 1!>. s. l.".. 11T8. A testator Ly his will Hoviscd land to liis son Jaiiit'S, subject to the payiniMit of an annuity to his widow for her life, after the exjiiration of a lease oiven by the testator; and directed his executors to ai»|»ly the rent derived fiont the land so devised in ])aynient of an incumbrance thereon, "so that niy son may have the said ]U'o]»erty, at the expiration of the said lease, free from all incumbrance"; and he then directed that his son .lames should pay oiie-half of the sums thereinafter befjuealhed to each of his daughters, as soon as his son Daniel should attain lhe ajie of twenty- one; and to the latter he devised other land, and directed him also to jtay oiu'-half of l^he becnu'sts to the daujiht m-s. Then followed the becjuests to his daughters with names and amounts, to be jtjiid to them in equiil shares by his sons James and Daniel on the latter attainiii},' the ajic of twenty-one The will was entirely silent as to t^ie debts of the testator. James adopted the devise to him. took possession of the land, and dealt with it as his ju'operty for many years. m Tn MMTF.KS AFrK<'IIN'<; l'J<< •rKIH'IU:. Held. Ihiit llic oiK'liiilf of the It'^iK-ies to tlit' d;iii,i:li Icrs Wiis of II. S. (). riip. rj'.t. iijtplies to wills coining; into oiieration ;iflei' as well as liefore llii- IStll Septeliiher. ISi'u). Held, lastly, that section it. cap. 1-M>. did not apply; Itecanse the money was not money payable npon an ex- press oi' implied trust, or foi- a limited purpose, within the meanin;." of the section. (r'/i;/ V. hiihiiioitil. •_'•_' (}. 11. I'.'iii. Sc(> |i;iiii!.'r:iiilis 177. 4S4. :ks7 CHAPTEli II. MATTERS AFFKCTING PKOCEDURE. 117f^. 'J'he followin*:: rules of pi'actice ai'e selected as applying;- particularly to executors and administra- t<»rs. liules 7().'i-71~) relating; to administration suits are not printed and must he i-i'ferred to in practice hooks. 193.--'rriistt'('s, cxfciitdrs .-iinl iuliuiiiistraloi's iii.-iy sue ;ik(1 Im' 'rnisteo.><. Micil (III licliilf of, nr MS !-ciir('st'iiliii,L.', the pruipcrty or cstiUc nf whiih tx«cnti>rs . , . . " . , and Mil- lltcy jirc inisttM's or rcprt'scnt.itivfs. witliuut jduuii.:; any ol the !"'''- ministra- Mius luMit'tirially infciTstcil. and sliall I't'iiri'si-nl tiu'Ui: hut tlh' ('nun turx. Ill' a .Iiid;:t' may, at any tinu-, ordtT any nf tlicni ti> iif made jiartirs in idditidii to. or in lieu of. \\w prcvicpiis partii's. Unit' t'.M itfuvidi's that it' a dt'icascd person has no personal I't'proscntative. iirorcediiigs may go on. or the C'uiii't may ai>l>oinl a npri'scntativt'. IJulo I'.i.'t aiipcars as foot note on p.. go "U. aiilr. 196.— ^\'il('^(' in orch'r I'or i:ciici-al administrjition is not ask mI Orilir for or rcipiircd. or wiuTo it is shewn liiat an executor dc son tort has '"''•''""''' ajraiiist tatc'ti possession ot the liuik o|' tile personal assets iielonirint: to the ,.\ecntor estate of a deceased jierson. tie iii.ay on the appliciit ion of any onf» 'l*^' '"'" ^'irt interested in the estate of the ileccased, without the appoint nient of my personal re|ireseiitativo, lie recpiired to account for any ass /ts n 888 EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTUATOUS. ,i i) jf i fr ' ' I ; ' i^ii ■ ; . J ■ 1 :■ ', .. , , 1 \ :■ ■ 1 . ' - ! kLi^-i Wlnre particH arc luiintTuus. Cases when? ont! of iic'laSH limy su(! without joining others. Residuary legatee, etc. Legatee wliose legacy is charged on realty . Residuary devisee or heir. One of several c. (|. t. Adminis- tration against one c. q. t. Death of one of joint obli- gees. Surviving liartner. of the ostnte wliieli hnvo oonu" to hi^s Iianils; iiiul when' a oasc is math' for the aiiiioiutinent liy the High Court of a receiver of the I'stato of a deceased person who has i.o itTsonal representative, the estate niiy he adniiiiist«'rod under the direction of the <'onrt with- out tlu> appointment of any person mother than the receiver to re- present the estate. 200. — In an action where there are numerous parties having the same interest, one or moro of such parties ma' sue or he su^'d. or may lie authorized by the Court to defend, ou behalf of, nr for the benefit of, all parties so interested. Rule 201 ]irovides that persons may be appointed to represent a class, and the judgment of the Court shall be binding upon the diss represented. Rule li02 provides that the Court may proceeil though some of the parties interested are not before it. 203.— An objection for want of parties shall not lie in any of the following cases, — ill) A residuary legatee, or next of kin, may have a judgment foi- the administration of the personal estate of a deceased pers ui without serving the other residuary legatees or next of kin. (h) A legatee interested in a legacy charged upon real estate; or a person interested in the proceeds of real estate directeil to be sold, may have a judgment for the administration of the estate of a deceased person without serving any other legatee or person interested in the proceeds. ((■) A residuary devisee, or heir, may have the like judgment, witluiut serving any other residuary devisee or heir. ((/) One cestui tiue trust, und(>r an instrument, may have a judgment for the execution of the trusts of the instrument, with- out serving tlu' other cestuis nue trtisteiit. if) An executor, administrator, or trush-e. may obtain a judg- ment against any one legatee, next of kin or cestui *\\u- trust, for the administration of the estate or the (>xecution of the trusts. 11 HO. Whoro one of two joint obligees, covenant- ees or ])ai'tiiei'S dies the action on tlie contract ninst be bronglit in the name of the survivor, and the executor or administrator of the deceased cannot be joined nor can he sue separately. II HI, Thoufih tlie rijiht of a deceased partner devolves on his executor, yet the remedy survives to his <'om]«inion, who alone must enforce the right by ailiiin' of the diMciist'd. JIdll V. Huff II III, '1 \jv\. U.S. 11.H3. "WluTf? two have the lt'<,'iil iiitcrcsf in llic Smvivalcpf !■ <• , . 1.11 ,. . 1 1 i It'Kiil ill- jici'toriMiincc of SI contract. lliou};n the hcncfit no only 1 o tcifstH. one of llicni, tlio rcniodv survives npon tin* death of tho latici'. and the cxccntor or administrator of the dcieasod cannot bo nnidc a party or sue so])ai'al('ly. Si'i' (llhlnslrrrr v. Iliilfiiin: !."> 1". K. 'Jit;!, icl'crnil t<», (tiilc pariiKriiph '•'<">. line nf 1IH;|. Where a contract is made jointly with ii,ist Hur several jiersons, and they all die. the ex«'cntor or admin- j„i,',t(,',ii istrator of the snrvivor alone can sue. and tho i>erson a P '"''*""• representatives of those who die liefoi-e him cannot l»c joined. 11A4. lint if the interest of the covenantees ias.v.nil several, and one of lliem dies, his execntor may maintain ' '" "* "*' ji separate action on the covenant, notwithstanding? the other covenantee be living. 11S»5. If the interest be several it makes iu> differ- ence that the langnaji'e of the covliyll IIk'V Iimm- llul ic- IMtllllcrd. ir Miif of S(V»'i;il rXfOltol'S. wlln \\:\\r illl l»r(i\<'<| ilic will, sin- iilonr. ilir dfrciKJimt iiiiiy Mpply h» liic Cniiil lor illl Kidcr tliiit till' oilier t'xcmioi' or fXf.ii- lois iiiiiy !»(• joined jis co-idiiiiit ill's. IIH1I. ir one execnior. ol' seveliil. ;lloiie. sell ^oods of llie tesliilor. he iiloiie liiiiv iiiiiilitilili .III iotion t'oi' 'he ]>l ire. no! Ilillilinji' hiniselt' exerlllol-. So. il' ^oods he lilkell oMI of the |M>S.se.0. Alilioii^li the executor derives liis liile fi-oiu the will hy which he is MppoinHMl. .ind not from the jM'ohiite of the will. yei it is the jn'ohiile ;ilune which iiiit lieiiliciites his ri^ht. :iiid the i>roli;iie. or sonifi liin;^' tiintimioiini thereto, is ilie only Ie;iiliiii;ite cNideiice (»f ])roperty heinj;- \esied in an executor. Ol' of. the rxecnii»r's ii]ipoiiitnieni. Iliiiiiilliiii \. Astun. 1 ("hit. iV: Kii'w. tlT!". II!>1. 'The iitle of illl adiiiinishitlor iiiiiy he provt d hy the production of the letters (d" iidininisi riit ion. or of il certiticiite or exeiniiliticiit ion thereof 2!l. ItK.MKIUKS — MA 11 KIIS AMI' l'IN<; I'lKn l.ltllti:. :i'ji mm. (Mil- cxmilMi' tiiMV sue illKtllnT. If itiif .tf'>i";'" « ■ufurriitiv lilt' cxtMiitnrs mI' ii iiKiil^iiiyt' Im" liimscir I In- iimii^jiiini. -i" iin lilt' I'clilfdv sdUjilll by IIk' cM-cxcclltnlH slldllld linf Itc f(ir a t'diTrlosiirc Itiit I'ur a sale Liic:i.i \. Si nil', J Aik. r»i;. mil. Tlif CiiiiiM will, ifli-r !i (l.'ciMM" mail' in ;im i;.,fr:»in (inliiiar.v a(linini>ii iiiinii ,«'i>"ii"l ''','','.^| '^'" (•stale, and nf tin* real csiatt- as well. aiil(>>s ii ran ]■.<■ sIkiwii llial iIm' |i;ii'lv insiilntin^ iIh- sail laii liinx on pidf lilies as id liic landed cslalc willnnil |iiiMrcdinti iis Id I JM' |M'i>nii;il rslalc, //!(//(' V. ( tiniiilir, 1 I.. K. Iljn. mil's. X(» sail ran lie Itronjilil a;;aiiisl nny i'.\('iiii(a' |',.,,.,mti di' adniiaislraldr in Ids dl'licial caiiacity in lln- <'dnil df ,,,',1,1^, ','„'' any counlry. Inil l'i;it from whieli he derives Ins a ni Inir- "'"'"''"• ily Id ;iri li\ \irine ol' I he [irdliiiti- di- lettei's of iidniiids Iratidn tliei-e ^i-aiil''d to liini. 'i'lieicfdi-e. if ,1 foieiun credit (H' wislic-a sail to lie liidu^ilit in (Milarid in di'der in reaill tic ellects df ,| deceased testator OV inteslilte villi iiie in (inijiiid ii will lie necessai-y Iiel'dri' the sail i-aii l>e niaintaiiied. ndlwitlisiandinj;- an executor r,r adininisira- Idi- h;!s I ecu aii|ti,iiiled altioad, llnil an (>iiliiiid |)er>dii;il icpif SI iit;it i\ c slldllld iilsd lie duly cdiisi it iited iiy muiii I'ldiii tilt" jiid|)er ("(nin lieic. I'dr the t'di-eiun exiciiidr nr adiiiinist riiidi- is iidl lialde to l:e >iied in his dilici.il diiif aclei- in I his I'diini ry. //''*'/ \. I'ntti rsiiii. L't r.i'iiv. J'.i.".. Sci' vc(ticill-; \Tu\ it siij, llSd, UN". Ii?l<». An aciidii ai law I'dr a le;;arv or t'di- a di>tii-^''|""f"'' ... . ' !■ -'.uv i r w 'M I y| 392 EXECUTORS ANH AnMINISII{ATO!..S. Pi..uiinad such denial ^'"''' specially, otherwise he -will admit his ri'presenvativo c'liaracter. Onus c)f prcKif. 11!>S. On the trial of an issue joined on this plea, the onus of proof is on the plaintifT. who has to i)rove the affirmative of the proposition. The i)lea does not deny the cause of action, but only that the defendant is one of the representatives of the testator or intestate. Ex|in'S.s ]ir(iiiiise 1109. The mere existence of a debt owin^ by the niiiiiml. testator or intest.'ito is not evidence of a ])romise to ]»ay by the executor uv administrator as executor or ap "^tlier de- fendant or defendants against the plaintiff. R. H. O. 1>B. Au cxpit'ss proinisc to pay niiulc t<» a third party may euuro to tlie bcneflt of an adiuinistrator dc bonis non with the will auiiex«*d, thoujih at the tinu" of such promiso he had not obtained k'tt«'rs of adniinist ra- tion. liKiril V. Ketvhiim, i> V. C. K. 470. • Admission to pi-rsou who after words tiikcs out letters. HoierlKini v. liiirriU. -li A. It. ;>.")•!. Sec lloodman v. Hoyrn, 17 A. K. o2H. 120S. A defendant sned as executor or adniinist ra-s.t off by 11 ext'cutor. tor cannot set off a debt due to himself i)ersonally. nor, if sued for his own debt, can he set otf what is «lue to him as executor or administrator, because the d<'bts sued for and intended to be set oif must be muttml and d\ie in the same ri{;ht. ddlr v. LuttrvU, 1 Vonn,i:(' \- .Icrv. 1S!I. 120:$. Whenever a tender witli tout temp }U-ist isl'l.aof • • 1 II tiiidiT. jdeaded by an executor or administrator lie nuist alle<:e that his testator or intestate was at all times from the time of makinji' tlie proiiii.-i«' t(> the time of Ins dcaiJi, ready to pay. and that he. the defendant, has at all times since the death of his testator or intestate, been ready to i»ay. 'fi iiinils v. lifiiiiohl'i. Silver, IS. With a defence of tender befoie action money must Le paid into Court. ('. U. 4;J«. m Ill I 11 l.'-f I'll nt. I'l taiiii I'. i:\i;< I i \i»\iim.sii! a imus. ItlO'l. ir (lie cxcciildr or ;i(|iiiiiiisl I'iiiiii' has mil llsscls lo >illisrv lllf (Iclil ll|Mi|| wliirli nil ;!iliii|| IS liliiiiL'lil ;l^;;ii!isl liilii. Iir iiiiisl |ilr;nl lilclir ;nl III i ni> If;! U I <•!• |il(iii' ;|i|iiiiiiislf;i\ il |ii;i'lt'r. I'^or ,i JihI;;iiu'IiI ji^iiiiisl nil rxiTiiliir or :i(|iiiiiiist rnidi' is ('uiichisix <' ii|miii liiiii lliiil lit' li.is nsscis lo s.ilislv siicli jiiduiiK-iil . Iliil il iIh- (■Nniildi* |tlc;itl fillirrn ;^cllfl;il i»r s|m ciiil |tlciic ;nili|ili- isiiiivil. il is now Im-M llial lit- is linltlt' oiii.v In llif iiiiiniiiil i>r iisst'ls pfovtMl 1(1 lie ill liis liaiids. 'I'ln- • ssdi linl |>;n'l <>\' ilic pica of itlciic a*liiiiiiis| nu ii is liial liir "said (Icrt'iMlanl lias no uoods wiiidi witc oI' liic said A. r>. ilhi' i( sialoii al lin' liiiii' of his dcalii in lii<- liaiids of liio said drrciidaiil as cxfciiloi' lo lie adiiiinislcicd or liad al llic ((iiiiiiM'iic 'iiiciil of llii' siiil or cvrr siiirc" IV!0»». All cscciilor or adiiiitiisi ralor iiiii;iil roiiiifr- Iv fiijii'r jilrad a iclaiiicr for a dohi dm lo him from ihr diTcascd. or Lii\o il in o\ ith'iiro iiiid. W'licro an cNcciilor ph'ads llial ho has no assois iiliia a jiidumoiii uhidi in liiilli was i ccovor* d auainsi iiiiii u|ion an iinjiisi or liclilioiis doiil. a phiiiitilV may reply liial the jmiunieiil was had and olnaiiied \>y Iraiid and coNin lielw, en the exeeiilor and the crediior. So I 1k' jdaiiii ill' ma \ reply ilial I he Ji:d.iinieni waskejiloii tool li\ covin lo dei'raiid I lie credilois. rr* |ir.iM| ,.f assets. It207. if an e\e( iilor oi' adminisi ralor jdeads pleiic adiiiMii>i ra\ il . and llie plainlilf replies ihal llie defemj- aiii had assets al ihe (•(minienceiiieiil (d' llie sail, where- upon i>-siie is joined, ihe Inirdi ii (d' jiroof ii; s n]>(>n llio plainiilV. who ninsi ]*rove ihal asseis exisied oi' oi!::ht i;iMi;i>li;.s M\iii;i;s .\l rii' 'i i.\<; i-l! A*- mandcd. as in an ailidii ni del it. il' the dclcndanl jilcads plciic admiiiisi ia\ il wilhdiii plcadin;.; also iiiiiii|uaii in dchitalns. thcic the dchl is admitted hy the jilca. am! need m»l he pTdN cd. Sinn.'l' ifiiiH \. \ irlitill.-<. I l^iiww. SI. I!2I I . Ill ailSWcf Id I Ik Iildnf dt' assets t lie cNecnlOl' !'• l' nr ■ t . • di- admiaist raldr may >lid\\ llial he has cxhauslcil ihc,,,,. assets by discharuiiiii diher demands on the estate, m- he may slmw that he has disliiiised the assets in lie e\|it uses dt' the I'liiicial. nr itf |ii(iiiate di- adiii iiiisi ra I id'i. or in ihe leasiimihlc chafiics nl' riillcriiim' the dchls nl' I he deceased, lie may shuw ihat he has retained iiidrey in his hands id pay Tor ilie expenses dl' adminisl la i idu id which he has made himscli' lialde. withdiit iii-d\iiiu that he has paid them, Oillirs V. Smithir. '2 Stark. .\. I'. »'. .'-JS. t .-M !■ •I I' 1:, fr? HIX) |)Iiiiiitill'. I )('l(tH jiaiil in niknU lite. lillcllfS (if (•r»'US. 121S. Where I lie executor shows }>jiyments made by him to the extent of the assets pioved by the jihiin titV to have come to liis liamls, the i»hiintitf may show, hi answer, that the fuiuls so applied did not come to the defen«hint as executor, but were hanch'd to liim in trust to j»ay llie testator's debts, and were not i»urt of the assets first jiroved to have <'ome into his hands. Minsloii V. Jhtinn.s, 1 Adnl. &: K\\. .".1. 13IS(. If tlie (h'fendant has applied the assets in l>ayment of debts since the commencement of the suit, he must plead that matter si)ecially. 1314. If. in the distribution of assets a cieditor misleads an executor, either by laches or express author- ity, so as thereby to induce him to j)ursue a course lie would not otherwise have pursued, the creditor is pre- cluded from complainin}^ of an insufficiency of assets. Jdrsbiir;/ v. Mtimmrry. I.. 1{. S ( '. 1'. ."(J. C.wtsuf CXfCUtDl ]I31»). Executors and administrators, when defend- not privil- ants, have no privilej^e as to costs, on the contrary, they *^*^*^'" are liable to pay them de bonis ])ropriis if there are no assets. Therefore, an executor or administi'ator ought not to plead general defences without a good reason; for if the plaintiif succeeds the executor will be liable to pay the costs out of his own pocket, although the plea was not false to his knowledge, but, as in ordinary cases, an ex7 judgment of assets in future. This judgment is either interlocutory or final, according to the nature of the action. 1317. If it be onlv interlocutory there must be a iiit.iimu- writ of eiHiuiry, or other proceeding to complete it. mrnt!" " ISIS. ]{y taking judgmenl of assets (juando the H'-"iit "f plaintitf admits that the defendant has fully administer, ,f;,>Mts ed to that time. Accordingly, the terms of the judgment''"'""'"' are that the jdaintitf has recovered his debt to be levied of the gocxls of the testator which shall thereafter come to the hands of the executor. In subsequent proceedings on this judgment, jii-oof of the executor's receiving assets is always confined to a period subsequent to the judgment. I think tliiit under tlic .IiKiiciitiirc Act. lUid haviu;; rc^riird to the chin>,'c in the law n>aldiig all debts of deceased porsdns in case of a deliciency of assets payalde iitiii ixinttii. the proper judirinent in all actions in the Ili^'h Court against exectitoi-s or adniinistia- tors, wlien there is a recovei'y of money, and assets jire not admitted is the jndfiment which wis alw.ays pronounced in Chan- cery in such eases, namely, a jud^iinent f(jr paynu'nt in due course of ■•idniinistration, or, in other words, a judKUU'ut for tin- adminis- tration of the I'state. McKibbon v. Fci'tjuii, 21 A. It. !».">, per .Macleiinan. .I..\. 1219. When an executor or administrator pleads Li,ii,jiity l)lene adniiiiistravit, or judgments, etc, outstandiu"-. and"^^'?''^'"' X u €^ '^ tor tor plene administravit pneter. and the plaintitf takes judg-c'sts. ment of assets (piando, the executor or administrator is not liable to costs de bonis propriis. but though an executor or admiiiistrator is not personally liable to pay the costs, judgment may be well entered for tliem to be recovered de bonis testatoris «piando accide"iui. Co./' V. ]'ctici)<-k, 4 Duwl. i;>4. 1330. There were formerly two modes of enforcing Mod--, f a judgment obtained against an executor de bonis j"/i'^',|','!|'"~i iigrain.-t iNccutor 1. By fieri facias or scire fieri eiiquirv. ''' ''""'•■' tcstaloii.1. testatoris: mm. if- Ilii: ys>8 ml m Kituni i V .slirritr. Scin Jii ri < iniitiri,'. I't'felici' i;\K(;iT()l!S ANI» ADMIMVI'l; Alulis. -. \\\ nil !H'(i(»ll of (!<'l>l oil lllc ilKl.lilllCllt Sll^^CSlill;; :i (.1('\ iist;i\ il. II' tlic sliciilV iclnnis, iis lie iiuiv do if lie plciisrs. not oiilv iiiillii hoiiM. hilt iilso il lies iistii vii io n ticri I'iitias (Ic Itoiiis Icstiiloiis sued out on ;i jiMl^iinont obtiiinctl ii^'iiinst iin cxfcntoi'. tlic ])liiiiitil1, ii(-cor(liii<; to tlic :iii cicnt ]»iiimt. If tlie slu'iilT retiiiiied nulla bona jicneraily, Willi !l w^ '■etmiiinfi a devasta\it, llie ancient conise was to isM,) a spi rial writ for the sherilf to eiwiuire hy a jury whether the defendant had wasted any ttf the j;oods of the deecased. ISStS. If a devastavit were found and relnrned hy the sheiilT a scire facias issued hy the defendant to shew cause why the itlainlitV should not have execution de houis jMopriis, to which scire facias the defendant niiiihl api>eai' and plead. Suhseciiiently the ent|uiry and scire facias were made in one writ, which was i-alled a scire lieri emiuiry. 'The most usual mode to proceed was by an action of debt ou the judjiuicnt. siijijicsiinj;- a de- \asta\it. because the plaintilf was formerly not entitled to costs unless the executor a[tpeaied and plead* d to the sciie facias. 133!<. Now in all writs itf scire facias the jdaintiff obtains judgment on an award of execution, recovers his costs of suit n[>on a judjiiiient by default as in other cases. 1224. The executor cannot plead j)lene administra- vit to the scire fieri emiuiry, because the judytnent i;i .MKi»ii;s -M \ iii;its A) ii;(i'i\ii i'i; ficfi finijis upon t lio jiidn tlw tiiiil the iccoid of the jiid.uimnl. tin- licri fiiciiis iind llic ictiifii will In- siif ticit'nt evidence to pi'ovc tlif ciisc. 'i'lie executor biconies pt isoiiiilly liiiblc iind cliiir^i iiblc de bonis juopriis. I'M'Clltlll'. It224». The t xecnt(U' iimv defend, iiiid sd up tluit lie I'-f-nc*- • f «lid not wiisle, iiud imdef this defence he iiiiiv ^ive in evidence thill there wefe ^ioods of the testiltof which niiuill li;i\(' been tilkell ill execillioli. illid tllilt he showed them to the shefilV. I5ut the executor cunuot set iiji the |in'HciitA l|\l' ot cxt'ciitor. Death of tcMtatur aftfi' I'xoi'Utioii D.'atli of Icssei' of lands. EXKCUroKS AN1> ADMINIsrUATOllS. iH'jik'ch'd lo (l(» so lu> fiiimol be iHTinidctl 1<> say s(> aiti'i-wjinls, at all cvciils wilhonl a spnial a|»i>ll(a(i()u \o (Ik' ('«>uit. 1SS7. If a man obtains jnd^niiciit ajiainst an ('xccnlor, and dies, his cxccntor may biin;; an action npon llu' jndj^nicnt against tlu' cxcrnlor sn^'^rsiinii a devastavit, for sncii an action is br»ni;;lit ajiainsL the same pci-son aj^ainst whom the jiidjiincnt was bad. and by liiat Jnd^niont assets were admitted. 122^. So, on tlie other liand. if a jndjjjment was had ajjainst an execntor, who aft<'i'vvai'Ms dies, an action may, since ;>() ('has, II. c. 7, extended and ma\'m. iS: M, c. 'M, be bronj^lit against his execntor or a«lministrat(M' npon tlie jiidjiinent snjijjjestino' a devas- tavit by the lirst execntor, and tiu' jndj^nient is as con- (dtisive npon the representalivi' of tlu^ execntor as it is nj»on the execntor liiniself. No action of debt, snu-;.;est- inj;' a devastavit by tlie execntor, lies aKitinst him npon a Judji'inent obtained aj^ainst his t«'stator, becanse that is no admission of assets by the execiitor; therefore, in snch cases, it is necessary to revive the jndgment agaiusi the executor to make him a party to it. 12SO. If fhe testator di«'d after execution was sued out the writ may be still executed on his floods in the luMids of his executors without lakinj;- any furthei- pro- ceedinj-s, but if a defemlant dies after final judonient. and before ex(Hution, the [>laintitT must revive the judg- ment before he ju-oceeds. 1!3*{0. AN'hei-e the lessee of lands dies befoi'e tlu' ex])iration of the tei-m. and his executor or adminis- tratt»r continues in possession durin<;' the remaiiuler, distress may be taken Un- rent due for the whole term. the executor or administrator cannot jtlead jdem^ admin- istravit in answer; so the distress may be taken by virtue of 8 Anne c. 14. ss. (> and 7, within six months after the administiation of the tenancy if the executor or administrator continues in jjossession. KKMKDIKS— MATTKUS AI TKCTINfJ PIlOCKDLMlK. 401 12:11. All ('X('«iit<»r Ml- ii(lmiiiistiiil<»i- is liiil»lr in Iiim i;,,uitiil>l.- .1 -.11 I 1 • . 1 il<'liiaii(l-». n'lucsciiliilivc cliiiiiirtcr lo all «'(|iiiliil>l<' (IciiiiUKls willi icj-iird l(» |ii<>|M'rt.v wliirli cxiHtrM iij>iiiiisl I Ik- dtMCiiSfd ill (lie lime of llis (Iciilli. Il2:tti. Ajiaiii. rxmilurs iiiid admiiiislialurs wt'iM- in AilmuiiH . , 1 ■ / . !• 1 1 • i tniliipii of almost ovriv |(S|> (b'- clare the amount of a residue b«'ainst him. .l/(/.s«r// V. Masse,,. -J .I,,l,iis. ^: II. 72S. ItillSi. A sinj-le creditor may sue in K<|uity for hisSnitiiy demand out of the p<'rs(nial assets, but a ]>ersoii out i tied, ^,.,![jit,,r to a share of money, which is due as a debt frctm tlie'" '*''i"it.v- testator, cannot maintain a bill for his own share, un- less he sues on f>elialf of himself and of other parties interested in the debt, oi- makes those persons ])arties to the suit. Ali.vuinln- v. Miilliiis. 2 Kiiss. vS: M. .">t;s. Sc'i', however, Ilult's siiinn |);iriij,'r!ii)Ii 117!>. 13:^0. A Court of Eciuity always allow<'d a creditor to sue oi\ behalf of himself and the other creditors of K.E. \. — 2 I m 1 i, -J . ; ' 'f if-:i It I ■ti M-- if 402 "i r,-5 ! i' ■ I- I i : 3)1 1 ; iir (li.-tri- Itiitfes. F.XKCIITdUS ANI> ADMINlSTItAToltS. IIk' (Iccoiscd. iiiid lijis llicrj'iipHii (liicclcd ii jiciiciiiF ucconiil of till' cstiilc iiixl (li'lttH to III* tiikoii ;i;^'iiiiist tlic cxcciilor or iiy ered'tors, 1e<^atees, anayment of ass«'ts jtursnant to its deci-ee, vet it is not to he understood that such a deci*ee is absolutely bindinji- u]>on tlie absent <'reditors. Iej;atees or distributees who have had no oj>](ortunity of proving;' their claims, and have bi'cn ;iuilty of no laches, so that they are entitled to no i-edi'ess, 1>ut are to be d«'emed conchnb'd. On the contrary, al- tlioujih they have no i-enu'dy a«iainst the executor or adiuinistratoi', yet they have a rijxlit to assert their claim against the creditors. Ie<>atees or distributees who liavo received it. I-c>,'iiti't's I'lilillcd t. .1 slijirc of the rcsiiiiic ol' ;ii\ cstMtc iirc not IhiiiimI liy lilt' jncdiints nml iiroccciliims in lui jidMiinistratiiiii iic- liou instiliitctl by other iH'sidiiiiiy lc;;iili'('s in ^\•lli(•ll llicy liiivf not iiC'i'n iidtU'il MS luirtics. ;ind of whicii ilicy liiivc I'cccivcil no notico. 'I'lic judnnicnl in sn<-li iin nclion. liowcvcr. i-nurcs to tiicir hcnclit, iind mnkcs ji fi'csli sliiriin;,' i>oint in llii'ir I'avoni" ns iigiinsl tlie dcrcncc (if tliL" Stiitnlc of I-inntiitiiins. For M.icicniijin. .l.A. In liic ulisoncc of rciisunaliic ct'forts liy till' cxccnlors of ;in ostatt' to discover tlic wlicrc ilionts of persons entitled to share in the residiu', they are not proteeled if they, oven unih'i' the order and direction of the ("oiirl, disirilmte the residue anion}: the other persons entitled. I'er Cnriani.— I'ersons who liavc received n share of the rosiduo nnder snch eircninstnnces must refund for the henelit of the per- sons wlnise clainis have lieen i,unored the amount reeeivcd ill excess of the sum payable if the division had been pi'oi^erly made. Iffiirr v. I.nrh, 20 C. T.. T. 2W. 133H. Althoujih iin executor has a rear allowod Kxcciitors iniiv lie Mied for him in Equity to pay lejiticies, yot tliat does not extend ItKMKDfKS — MAITKKS AIFF/TIN'CJ IM{(>«i;r)ri{F. M)'\ io (It'lits. Idit he is liiililf to br sih-tl tilt' inoiiu'iil iirirr ts at J 1 i . . • 1 11 ••net' Mrh'ills V. .Iiiilsi,,,, •_' AtK. :;ni. lUJt1>. Tlic nciHTjil nilc is tliiit if llit-rc iir<' st-vniil All .•^.•t■ll• ', . . , 111 1 '"''•* "lllMt cxccntoi's (»r iMlimiiisli-iilovs. tliov imisl iill Im- sikmI. i^.^ied. tlioijjili some (»l' Hicin lie iiifiiiils; tlicrcloic, ii ittTsoii ciiiniol. citlH'r iis cicdilor or r<'si(lniny Ic^iiilcc. niiiiiitiiin a suit ill Equitv ji^niust one co-cxtM-nlur (uiiy; l)iil it is only iicrcssai'y (o sue so niiiiiy of (lie pxcciiIoi-s or ad- ininiKlraloi's as liavc adcd. ItS-lO. An csliilc rannol Im* adniinislci-cd in tli»' l'< rsunul Coni'l of Ivpiily in tlic absence of ii jxTSoinil representii- t.itivf re- live: liiei'efoi-e, if llie statements in tlie case demon- ''""^" " strale that llie Toni't cannot jiive tlie plainlitT Die relief Aviiicli lie asks \viili(»nt an administrali(»n of tlie estate. Iliere must l»e a |m rsonal re|»resentative of it before llie Court. Anihirr v. I.iiiilsnif. .". ('. D. 1!>S. 12-11. If tlie est;ite is to be adminislered, an execii- ivs.ciitor tor de sou loi-t beinp; before the <'oni't will not disiM-nseJ,',!'''" Avitli tlie ]>resence of a re^iulai- representative, lie is only trea1<'d as executor for the piirpctse of beinu, charjied. not for any othi'r ]mi*pose. It'ii/ncr V. Kiirlila; T.. K. 1 J i;,,. UC.-J. 1242. Whei-e there is no ]»ers(»nal representative, A'lminis- but n sporial representative limited to the subject of the [',','.',1','" '^' suit liiis lieen ap]t<»int(Hl by llie ('(»urt. tlie estate of the doeoased is ])ropei'ly I'opresented in the suit: iniismiich as the executor or administialoi- is the ti'ustee a»;d pi'ft- per representative of all ]»ersons interested in 'j tkm'- sonal estate, and has the duty cast (Ui him of ]»riK'i'l.v or tli«* dccoascd, or dcntoiH lo tlic fsliito ^(MU'iiillv, ciiiiiuil 1h' iiiadc parties to an action aLfaiiist tilt' ('X«Miitoi'. fo!' rryiilail.v tiicro <*an Ik* no suit a^rainnt the is some s]>ecial cause, as collusion or insolvency; then the acti«>n may be broujjht a};ainst the debt(M' and the executor. In the case of survivinj;' partners of (he deceased they Uiay be made parties with the executor. Sunndcrs v. Itnirc, '.\ Dicwr. 140. iih il CeHtuiN lllJ4?5 .Vlthou};;h one ot two executors or truste«*s (MIC tniHt , , , , , , .,, , I • when may sue the other executor or trustee without uiaK'»i}; nectuwny. ^j^^^ ccstuis (JUG trust parties to the suit, yet where > cestuis (|ue trust have participated in the breach of they are necessai'y ]>arties. Jcisse V. JUiiiirlt. U De (J. yi. & (}. «'.(>!). l^'^'iity 1344S Althoujfh suits in Eipiity are not Avithiii tho statntecif words of the Statute of Limitations. 21 Jas. T., c 10, yet ti'on*!^ they are within the spirit and meaninj;- of it, and. there- fore upon all lep;al demands Courts of Equity were bound to yield obedience to its provisions. Flood V. I'attrrsuii, lt> Boav. 293. Ktfectof 124T. rjenerallv speakinji', the Statute of Limita- trust or ,. j.-ij '. , -.., charge on tions did not mil ajjainst the trust; accordinjily a trust real estate, ^j. ,.i,j^,.jjp created by will uiH)n the real estate for the payment of debts prevented the statute from runninj? ajijainst such debts as were not barred in tbe testator's lifetime, thoujjh such a trust did not revive a debt on which the statute had taken effect before the will came into operation, namely, before the testator's death. O'Connor v. Hanlvm, ,"> II. of L. ('. 170. HEMKDIIOS— MATTKllS .\KFECTIN'(i I'UOCEDrUK lt2|.S. Iiiii :i Inisl or » luir;:*' l»v will <»ii llif |iiis(»nal rsiiilcdid not at all lacvriii llic opcrntioiHir llif Hiatiitc, lor till' law vcslcd llic pcisoiial t'slalc of llic (It'crascii in lii^i txfciHors ui- admiiiistralors as a fimd lui* llir pay iiM'iii til his (Iclils. and lie could iiol hy his will cnalc a spiTial lr\is| for that purpose, and consiMpicnily such a li'usl had no I(';;al opci'ation. Unnis V. Tirviily, 1 Heiiv. ."."t. 13111. In a raso whcro Iho slaluto was jdoadod in Itar to a lojiacy, dcinaiidod duo LlO voars hcfoic TiOid Xo11in,i;liani held that I he legacy was nol haired hy the slatulo. nor ovor had hcou m); though hoforo the liiniita- tions of Actions Act no statiito could he ph*a(h'd to a Icjracy. yet jn-i'suinplion of payment from ]M'iinitlin^ the assets to be distiihnted without claiming; tho lei^acy was a jjood <:i'o\ind of def<'n<'e hy way <»f answer. .Mtliouj-h, ^eneialiy speakinji'. lou}; lapse of time mi<;ht learesiimption of ]»ayment. yet that pi'esum|>t ion was liable to he rebutted by circumstances. linntixn-ofl V. I'rixhil. 1 <'"11. H">, 'S.',. ]3*SO. Tn a suit a^iainst an exeoilor or administra- tor, other than a suit for a ^Acneral administialion of the assets, the liability to costs will, jii'uerally speakinji'. be jjovorned by the oi-dinary ruh' which throws them on tho nnsnccessful ])arty. Accordinll I if |iaynii'Mt. liiiibility fur coHts of iiilinin- istratii)ii. 12»»I.Whei'e a suit is instituted <'ither bv credi- '^'"■^t^ '^^ tors or residuary lejiatees foi- a pfeneral administi'ation sc.iicitor of assets, so that th.- whole estate of the deceased is '""' ^•''"''^• necessarily taken from the hands of the jtersonal repre- sentative and distributed undei' the direction <»f the I ^ t •I •IOC. K\I'CI"|'()|!S \\|) \|)MI\'ISl I! \IOItM. roiirl. Ills cosls nl' suit ;is Itrlwrcn stdicilnr :iihl tliciil MIT. (s air insiiniririil (t» piiv llir .I'tMliluiN (if ilic (|.> (TjiHtMl, (licsc costs ('Diiliniic lilt' (irsl (•Ii;m'>;c un (In < sljilc. Itiil even if lilt' siiil wiis occiisiuiH'd i»\ l!ii> iunoriiiict' or imrciisoiiiililc cjnilioii. or itv ilir mis- lu'liiivioiir or llic nof.il iiicncc of llic oxocnior or iidininis- (rn(«tr, liis ('((sls of llio suil, (»!• of so nnnli ol' llir siiil ;ih \v;\s occMsiontMJ \t\ sncli niisciirrlii.uo, will not In- ;illow (•»1; wliilsl in riiscs niiirUcd Itv I'linHl. oviision or nrnlrrl of duly. Ilio rourl will nol nicrcly rci'usf lo ;illo\\ llio oxt't'nlor Ills costs out of tlio jisscts. ImiI will order liini lo |»ii\ |Im> cosls of tlie suit, or of so much of I lie suil us is allriluitultle to the hreach (d' duty on his [nwi. Williiiiiis. \K IMMII. (\»Ms.is(,. |t»»"^!», in addition lo the authoiilies aliead.v ciled t»osts. Sir jiJMipMi.i paragraph IKiT the fidlowiufi' will he found useful: Ki'iUlc^-^ priH i't'(lii\i;'<. /.",■ Woi.iihiiii. •_' (). i;. i.m;. ! Allow ,ii\ri's I'll!' Iili^;!il inn. ///// v. Ilill, (I (>. K. -Jl I. .ill-^t ;lll<>\\ ;iiu'i's, la ir ^illiom.-!. 'JL* a. \l. \W. MchDiKili! V. lhiriils-,11. (! A. K. ;!'_'(». W'lici-i' I'Xi-iuiiir-;, in .i:o.i.l r;iiili, nnsnc|-, tli(> (\inrl. in pronnnni i"i; ;i ili' airaiiist lln'Hi. ili'iiiircii tl\iMn cniiilcil lo (Inlnci ilirir cosis as bi'lwi'cn solicitor aiiil ilii'iii. on! of ilioir lr--lMiof's csiiUo. Mrhilliir V. I'miifiiiii. it ill., ■_'.'> »"ll\. .'. I.*i. Aiiinini-traiion snii. I\'c ('ii'iiiKiii. Oiitiri V. Cinniiiii, K> ( ). I!. "(•. Atiioii l>v ailinini-;; raioi- I'oi- rlaini duo ilocoaNod. Vri III -l\'iii(l \. ((//ic l{nhiii. II S. » ". K. at i>.il;i' 11. i m ( it Co,-t>of plaint ill'. I*2»li{. Aftei- the costs of the executor or adminis- trat(»r are satisfu'd. the next claim on the fnml is that of the idaintitV in the suit ftu- his costs imuri'ed in it. Til iiiiixi'ii V. Ciiif. 11 Krav. IT.'i. I!I;mi;i»ii,s maitkiis am r;<'i inu i'i! (Ircrcc iiiiimI roiitlilnitc to iiiiilliis<'(| out of tlic rilliil in <'oilil, liis rijAJil lo ho rcimliiiisi 0. Next of kill, who ;iic not pjirlics, ;irr ;ill(i\s' oin.u, .,i oil tho siiiiic costs ;is if the phiiiililfs liiid liroii^hl lliciii''"' i'o;.lii hilly licforo I ho < '(»ii|i ;is |iiiilios; I liorcforc. if ilicy would. ;is |i;irtics, li;i\o liccn ontilhMJ lo their cohIs of proci odin;^s in the .Mnstor's (dlico for l|ic |iiir]>(iso of niiilviiiL* out their chiini niid liu-ir costs of iippcurin^ on fiirthor directions, hiit not otherwise, lliey shiili iilso Ix; allowed t hose costs on t;i.\;ition. /'. Illilll \ . Ill 'Is i\ l>. l*2H'7. In il creditor's suit, if it turns out th;it lliere I'l.nnfiir iri;iy tif iire no Jissets ;ip|ilic;ilde to the phi i III iIVs doht. the phi i n- ,,r,i;.r.-.i till' will he ordered to |iii\ the costs. I my (.:()•, I, - i'lilhr V. II n I II, 'J I II :i' DtJ.">.H. 'riie <"oiirt will, iiniiiediiitely upf»n iidmission I'uu'Ih tr of assets hy nil execiilor op iidininist rntor. order so niiicli iis lie ndinils to have iti his hands lo he paid into Omrf, llioiijili if was formerly Ihoii^iht necossai-y for the phiin- litV to show that tiie executor or administrator hud [>!tl< nt') fj'iurt. 1: i!y y ■ 4,1 It 408 Adiiiis- Hioii. Cirilits ill low wl. Retainer of funds. \'t'ritii'ii- tion of liaymciits. KXKCUTOKS AND ADMINlsTUAToKS. iibnscd liis Inisi. oi' lliiil the Inud wiis in e in llie hands of liis pailner. is in his own hands Un- the ]»uri>o-e /»f IxMUji- oi'dei-ed to be paid into Couil. 134>1. Whei-e the executm- admits that a certain amount of assets has come to his jxtssession. he may discharge himself from the payment of it into Court wholly or partially. l>y takinj;- credit fin- sums which he shows a ri^ht to retain for his own debt due from the test.Mtor. or to have allowed him on any just j»ronnds, or Avhich are undisi>uted. \iik(x V. N( /(/H/((/.s, '_' I'liill. 10. ItSOS. The executors retaiui'd in their hands a sum of S1.100 to meet claims ajiainst the estate, and were not called upon to pay it into Court: — Held, that the amouni retained was not unreasonable, and that the executoi's were not chargeable with interest in re.>. 130:{. ^^'hel•e an executor admits that he has n^- coived a certain sum belonjiinj;' to the testator's estate, but adayinents by atlidavit. and order him. on motion, to i>ay the balance into Court. But when there is a suthcient admission by the executor of assots onco come to his liands. he cannot i-«'lieve hini- S(>lf from ]»ayin}i' them into Couit by showinji' any um- Jinthorized application of them, or any investniont oi' dis- KKMKDIKS -MATIKKS A IKKCTIXC l'|{( M 'Kl )l " KE. 40^ ]M»siti(m (tT IlK-m wliirli in suhslaiico aniomils lu ii hicarli 4»l" liis iliity its cxMMMitor. /.(//■(/ V. I'lin'lidsr, 17 J'fav. 171. I2«l. n tlicrc is n«» i'<»l»er secuiily. lime will he jillowed which nniy. in a |»ro|M'i- ease, be extended fi«.ni time lo time lo enable the executor to reali/e Ihc security. Sfiiir V. I'linl, 7 I'm'MV, ."..">."'>. 12U5. In lixinn the rived <»f his lien on "'- "" the fund for his costs. lUnikiiisiiii V. /•>«/((•, ". V. \ (''>ll. -"". 12<»7. The <>('neral rule as to papei's and wi-itinj:s Di-posi- is that an executor r('i»i-esenl iiiji' an estati' should ileposil , J^.^t,! Ihem foi' the benelit of the parti.'s interested in the etli •'";|;;;j'',^_ <.f the Clerk of K'ecords and Writs, unless tlieivare ether imriMtses which retiuire that he should retain llnni in his own hands. Frcnitni v. I'nirliv, '.', MitIv. ."o. 1t24».H. It is the bounden duty of an executor to keep Vcc.imts. <'lear and distinct acc(»unts of the jiroperty whiih h" is bound to adniinist<'r. If. therefore, he chose to mix the 410 KXECrroitS AM) AI)MIN'ISTIlAli>i:s. LdIIII (if fimiis to linn. Tiniiicdi- ;itc jiuifT- niciit. Admis- sion of assets can- not ho re- tracttti. iU(»»iiiils Willi llinsc (iT liis (»\vii (liidiii;:; ronccnis. lie ciiii- iiol ihci'chv |M'oI*mI liinisrit troiii prodiirino' tin- orioiniil books ill wiiicli jiiiv piirt of llicsc iiccoiiiils iiiiiv In- iii- sntcd. Accoiinls, ('stoiipcl liv rciKliM-jui:. Tinilnr V. Mminilli. HI H. I{. (I*;!!. UfUiriior V. Uiiiilhi. I ['. V. li, ;57S, coiiNidcri'il mid di>- linyiiishcd. 1300. As between iiii execiilor bound lo i»ro(Iiiee iiiid liis piiilners in Irnde. if llie piirtneis liii\e iteiniilled liiiii lo mix llie iieconnls. lliey ejinnol jiflei'Wiii ds ol>jeef to llie |ii-odiM-lio]i. liJ70. Tn i\ ciise where llie executor liiis iidmiHed liiivinii' lent lo the House pjiii of llie li-nsl |ti'o];eft y, ami ilijil they liiivf been (b-aliiiii' with it. ilicrc is no (bmbt: llial i»r(»(bi(iioii can be ciif(»rced. 1271. If a plainiilT's demand be nncontesled or I»ro\t'd. and llie exe!, I Sim. 1. ^. Conver- sion of estate of executor. I37!<. If it is charged thai the execnhn- has ren- dered liimsrlf jtt'isonally liable lo pay llie jdaintilV's debt or leoacy i»y an admission of assets made before suit, or by any other means, and the jdea can sustain this alleoatioii. he will eiitiile himself to a decree for ]»aynieiit at (mce. An admission of assets by an excM-utor or adniinistrai(»i can never be retracted in a Conrt of J-'qiiity. unless a . fn <'ase of an executor commiltinji- a «h'V!is- i).-i,t, tavit, and u . fn framing' an oi-ih-i- under Con. Uul" IDS ()r.i..i for ai)|»ointin<; nn adminisii-ator ad litem, it is not sullicicut '[,'.;, J-,, 1|^,„| tlml the ordei- state "it is ordei'ed thai A. Ite ;nid he is'"""' hereby ajtpointed administ riitoi' nd litem to (he estate of P).''; Ili( order is i'e;illy a ;;rant of administrat i(»n. • and should c(Hitain the particulars nu'ntioned in rule IS of the Surrouale rules: and if such is tln' fact, should also, in view of K. S. (). (ls!)7) c. .")!). s. (IT, state tlint the administration is of the real and jx-rsonal estate. Cameron v. Phillips, t;5 1\ K. 141. ISTT. .\. makes a note ]»ayable to 15. or oidcr; 15. (Mnlorses to (\, who endoi'ses to 1).; D.. the holder. di«s. leaving li. one of the executors. The executors of 1). sue ('. Held, that 1>,, haviuii' made 15. his executor. IJ. was discharj^cd, and that there was no lemedy auaiiist the subse(|uent endorser. ./(»/.(*( .s' V. MrKonir. f, V. ('. It. ."14. 127«. S.'ction Id of the Evidence Art (IJ. S. ( >. In ncti-.i s 18!)7, c. T:*)), provides as fidlows: — .iKaiii.-t 10. In anv actidii cir riroccffliii;,' Kv or umiinst tin' heirs, ''xerii- Ii'''';7'"'* '*■ toi's. ndiiiiiiistiiitdrs, or nssiirus uf ;i deccasi'd' poison, -iii o()poslte a deeeaj^ecl 1: . .: , ■ ; :' ■ 1 1 ( , ; ' f 112 EXKOUTOHS AND AD.MINISTKATOUS. jicrsoti, tlif 1,1- inti'icslcil |iiii-tv tn tlic iictidii sliiill mil iil>t:iiM ;i vc.-ilict, jiiil;,' tlicn|v|Mi- "I'""'- '"■ r niMtorial cviilviicc. KlilTiilHll'- .,t.(i. 15- s. (>.. 1SS7. .-. <;i. s. 1(1. Ix'ddfnril V. ]liirilniilace lands id' a testator aji'ain under the ]»ower of his executors so that they could sell theni to satisfy Tl>. Jiidjriiu'iit a,i:aiiisl t'xccutors. ct'tVct <<(. h'i Ihiiiiir. Truth IS Itniik v. Miirnni. 1.". (). U. TUT. •llil-l, .jllll^' I'cl 111' aii> by tln» 'sl;it(>i' ill Inlion of a County >iicHl. was p()\V«M' of () satisfy of oxocu- < KMtisticd iiistaiu'i'; )nly posl- ni<' ostat'.^ iilors, but IIKMEDIKS — MATTKRS A FFKCTINCJ IMKH'KDl'HF. I3MO. In a inoil^^ai;*' action for fort.'closurc, jil- llioujjh it niiiy be that since the Dcvohilion of Ksliitcs Act, aw a niattci- of title llic icconl is (((niplctc witii the <;«'ii<'iiil adniinisli'iitor of (he (icccuscd owner of tiic (Mjuity of r('(b'ni|>tion iis (he sole (IcfciKhinl ; yd. as a niatlci- of picKcdnic. Ilic infiinl ciiihbcn (»f the (h'ccascd iire jH'ojM'r parlies, iiiul as such siiould iippeur us oii;^inul defen- , wus bej^un before the hqis'.' of a yeai- from ihe .'.tli: — Hehl, tliat: Ihe pluinlilf wus entitled after (he lapse of a year, to jnuji(U' bef(M'e Ihe Couil, no udminisi rutor huviii^ been ajtpoinled und no cuulion registered under the l)evr«'Sfiitalivcs uf pcrsmi cliiuncd \\itli frai'l. llamilUiii I'ror. V. Cunnll. 4 (). U. (IL'.'S. Acfiin to set aside will—nists uf m xt of kin iiilcrvcniiig. Sro puiayi-apli W>. Lofl'iii V. Herri hi;. 1!» I'. \l. 1(!S. 4i:} -NfMi-tKiigf ICtinll iiiirtii's. !^ 1^ .1 1' "j i u J m , 1 i. Wi ', ■ijj t 1 1; I m 'I 414 f i ■ i ■ 1 •I! ■ii 1 11 • 4'' ill ' ! i.. LXLCUJ"OU« ANb ADMlNlsrHATOUS. EXTRACTS FROM A LECTUI(E on EXECHT01(^Hip ACCOCWTg BY Mr. Hauuv Vigkon. F.C.A. I'resiiU'iit of the Institute of Clmrtered Accountiinti>. 1 Mill assume fur my iJiirpdsc lliis ovoiiin;:. that probate has been granted before the accountant has been called in. It will be found, perhaps, that few books have lieen kept by the executors— possibly only a cash book— showing actual receipts and payments— so as to liave some record of the transactions; but no ledger containing an account of the estate, which they (the execu- tors) have to deal •with, or in -which the entries from the cash book liave been classified, so as to show the necessary particulars required to make up the residue account; and also baidc pass book, cheque book, and a batch of papers and roceii)ts anioufist which will doubt- less be found a solicitor's bill. The latter is usually one of the most useful documents in the parcel, as a perusal of it will invar- iably give you a history of the transactions of the trust, and throw much light on entries and matters which yo\i will presently have to deal with. Then conies the question, what books are necessary to bo kept, so as to show a clt>nr and concise account of the estate which has come into the liands of tlie executors, and the manner in which ii has been dealt with; and what is the best nK'tlK)d to ado]it so as to present it in a clear, jiithy and sinqile form, at once to meet the requirements of the residuary account, and be such that ex- ecutors — who are not professional accountants— may be able tu refer to and understand for themselves, without having to ask constantly for explanations. It seems to mo that this is -whal is required, and the simiiliM- the accounts are kept the bettei', whether we are dealing with trust or any other accounts, proviiled they contain all that is necessary to attain the object for wln'rh they are di^signed. Tlie bonks riMiuired are tuo in number, cash book and ledger, both combining the journal features of full details. WTg obate has }pt by the .•eipts and s; but no he cxec\i- cash book s required ik, cheque vill doubt- nc of the vill invar- lud throw •ntly have lie kept, ivhioh has 1 whirh it lopt so as to meet 1 that cx- le t(j refer constantly lie simpler til trust or cessary to ml li'ilirer, EXECUTOllSlI I P ACCOUNTS. The advantauo of dispensing with a jiturnal is that it is par- ticularly dt'siralde. in these acinunts, that the ledtrer should contain the fullest iiarticuiars of all the fiiti'ies, so that the effect of the various traiisactiiins may readily he traced, witliout having: reiMMii'se to any dther bonk. It is an advantage to be able to src in the most concise form possible all the transactions id' the estate, and, if the ledf^ei' and the cash boek can lie nmde to show, with a little extia detail, the particulars usually f.dven in the journal. I think it advisable. It saves at least cui«> book of refereui-e. and jjlves every particiilar reciuii'ed without havinjr to be constantly turninj; to the journal. In souu» cases the word journal would fully describe tlie tirst of these, althouj:h it will be found convenient to keep it in the form of ;i cash boidi. as executoi's rarely keep cash in hand if they are wise, most of tludr receipts beini: i)aid direct into the bank, and most of their iiaynu'nts beiujr nmde by cheiiue. which means credit- in;; the account on which tin- I'eceipt is derived and debiting: the bank, or debitini.' the account on which the iiayment is made, and crediting' the bank, as tlie case may be. In the first place it will be found convenient to raise the ac- counts in draft, as in the process of your work you are sure to meet witli items recjuirin^' exi)l;ination before you can decide to what account they should be placeil. or what proi)orlion niiiy be capital or what income; and if you do not find it necessary, as you proceed, to make alterations and corrections in entries wliich you may have already made, you will indeed be fortunate in luiviu.i; a trust committed to your care, in which the information in youi' possessiirn is unusually complete and siraiv'htftu-ward. I'or tliis purpose two ordimiry cheap books, witli card or jiaper liacl\s — botli ruled iilike. nauudy. in the form of an ordinary casli biiok. witli double cash columns — will be found' most convonient, one for the cisli book, and the other for the ledtrer, Tliis form will be found very suitable for the ledirer, as it will afford you amiile room to detail full descriiitive particulars of the entries, which ill trust books is indispensaM,., as well as seiiar.'ite ca»;li columns for income and capital. The latter, in the case of invest- ments and iiersonal accounts of settleil lejiacies, enables the caiiital '•ml inciuue to be dealt witli seiiarately in one account, and so obvi- ates the nei'cssity of havinu- two ace, units, and secures the convcni- euce (d' havins:: the whole matter, in respect of an investment or settled legacy, before you at one openiuir. IlaviiiiT obtained tliese books, you will find it of ^'reat service and a saving' of niuch time and trouble afterwards if you cai'cfully peruse the will, and cuter a short abstract of its ]u-ovisIons and dispositions on the fly le.'i f of one of them, in addition to sudi \k\v- ticulars as the date of the will, date of death, date of prrant of ]iro- 41J ^'1! r^ W I i i 416 KXEcrrous and administuaioks. Iiatt>, at wliiit imuiiml s\Mini, ilic iinincs iiiid aililpossi-s nf tin- cx- fdiiiii's iiiiil ii'ii.vli'cs; mill w liiTf till re iiri' legatees, iiiuli't' iii.'i'- iiut cniiiiiiK iiitu tilt' lull lii'iii'tit III' llnir li'^'ai'ii'S iiiilll tlicy liavo attaliiril tlii'ir iiia.jnfitv tlic dales nf tln'ir frsiicctivf liirllis, so tlial in rase fit' a luiiK trust, in wliidi in all iiniliaWillfy ymi will 1m- I'litnisti'il witli an annual amllt i\'i tlii' airmints, you may not lnsr >ii;lit K\i tlit'Kt' niattci's. Iiiit liavi- all tlii> inrui'iiiatiiiii rt>i|uiri'il i-raililyi at liainl, witlniiit tiiiii' al'tri' tinic liaviii;; to \vaili> tlii'nULrli tli>' Ii'ual plifasfolo^'y ^\'i tlifsc siinirwlial Ifiivrtliy (Idcumcnts, wliirli nin>t pefsoiial estate, tifst ci-editiii;; capital, and deliitinu the vniious accotmts of which it is cumiiosfd in .such order as you propose to open them in the ledy:er, capital account lieiiiK the lirst. AN'lien the ledger entries, setting forth tho iiorsonal estate havo been made, and posted to the respective accounts in the order re- forreil to, you will then have irot a fair sfiirt, and the caiiital a<> cpuiit will show the total personal estate of which tlie testator died possessed. If this airrees with the amount sworu to for lu-oliate, or at any rtitc^ does not exceed it to such an extent as to nMider the ex(>cutors liable to payment for further duty, well; hut if, on th(> contrary, it exceeds the amotnit so much as to show that insuflicient duty has been jiaid. ymi should at once communlciite with your client, in order thiir he may ;:ive you detinite instruction thereon. iravinir so f.ar iiroc(- folio an account of the encnmbraiK-e tif any) existiii;; at:aiiist it. : til.' cs- 11 Ut'- 11" t Mttililliil I ill I'iisc c'litnisti'il wlulil III' •iiilil.vi at til." li'^'iil must it!iiiii''l ill tllO lliltlll tiilmilily ill liMinl, , lie ready s i)f yniir • iTliiriictl ililTi'iciu'O tiiiif may i)f it. (■iitrl<'"< "f lie various [U'OIKISC to stall' have ' onliT re- capital ac- statui- ilii'il n" proliatf. roniU'f the if. on th(> iiisuflieient with your :hi'rt'on. mplete the :er of real cuts nf tllf il with the itc acciniiit ;hc oiijiosit.* aiiist it. KXKCI'IOIIMIII' AiCurN'IS. The whole tniiisactioii relating' tn that i>artleular item of capital can then he seen lit a kIiHK''". '• '•. the parcel uf I'eill estate; the' eiicnmliruiKi' mi same; the revenue ilerhaMe Irdin the rental, liase (11- use cif the pi'opeit\ ; tin st of carrying the mi>rtj.'aKe. Ami altlioiiKh the nal estate may he spccilieiilly iatcir died possessed, litis lieeii entered with lull descript ivt? parlieiilais in the cash hnnk nnd leikcr, and that the v.iliies inserteil (ire eiihei' the amounts uctnally realized or vouched by valuations, and certilicatps of competent authorities; that the entries have hecu duly elassilied and posted to a<'coiiiils opened in the lodircr with each investment in the order I have indicated, and that all the entries of eapifal, .MS distinct from income, have heen entered in the outer or capital column in tlie ledger, and those of income in the inner or iiicxeciit(U's in discharjie of debts line by deceased funeral and testamentar.x' exiienses, duties and payments into bank. etc. A'oiichcrs should be produced for till these jiayments, and where they contain items iiicurr(>d previous to death, as well as those in- K.K.A. -7 •H7 7*H f ■ i r h :i 'I 1 ' B 8(; ^nn 418 i;.\i':<'i' iMits a\i» am.minisi i; vkiiss. fiirn'd HtiliHoi|in'ii(l.v, sinli itniiH hIioiiIiI Ik- ciirfriill.v scimratcil .iinf cliiSHlticil. 8(1 IIS to liiHiirc tliclr ultlimitr t'litr.v In the rlt:lit iicinmit. The pnynifiits will ii<> futiiiit to ininiirisf : 1. I'riiliiitc iiiiil iidiniiilstrutloi), wlilrli IihIikIos f«'*>s piiyiililf mi tlic ^rniil i>r priiliiil<>. -. I''micriii cxiiciiNos, wlilcli iucliiilcs ((illiii, lifiirsc iiiid nirrlnui's, liitcniiciit fees, Kravi'stoiic tiiid iiioiiiiiiii'iit. t'imiil.v iiiu\iiiiIiik, cti'. 'A. lOxcciilorHlilp (>.\p<'ns(>s, liirliidiii); valuiitiiui ft'cs, law rusts, ii('i'()\intiinls ciini'Kt's, travclllnj; cxpciiscH. cIkmiiu' lionks and tlii> nnmeroiiH expenses incident (o tin- cxccntldn nf tlif trnsts. ■I. Dclits on simple cnnlract, coinpi'lslnu deliis nwini: lp> the testator, rent, taxes, wauos, etc. r>. I>ehts un iM(irtKii;;es (It an.v) with interest dne at death. (5. l)elits on bonds and otiier seeiirities, etc. 7. I'ecnidary le^iKdes. Accounts shonld lie ojx'ned In the ledger nnder these Iieadinits, following those already opened, and tlu' varions payments pre\ I- onsly Jind cori-eclly classitied in the cash lioo;<, dniy jiosted to tlieni respectively. In postlnj,' the various entiies from tiie cash hook to the le(I;;er, I would In-re olis(>rve that caro must be taken to iiost all sums re- ceived on account (d" Income, such iis dividends on shares, interest on niortKajres, rents on properties, etc.. to the resjiective accounts opened with these investments in the W-dner. in the inner or incomt- column, as well as all payments for repairs, insurance, etc.. that may be nnide on account of the propei'ties, which, with very few excei)tlons, are charueable auiiinst income. It will now be necessary to make closinj; entries, transfei iin;i the sevcM'al accounts under the head of payments, already referretl to, viz., probate duty, funeral exiienses, executorship ex|)enses. debts, etc., etc., to the dtdilt of ctipltal acc.-oiint. It will also be n(>cessary to trnnsfer to the debit of tills account any deliciency that may have arisen in the realization of investnuMits, etc., or property previously taken at valuations, jis wtdl as to place to the cn-dit of the same jK.'count any excess that may have been realized' over niid nbovf such vahnitlon. When all these entries have been made a ' '■ should be struck and brouj-dit down, which, in the e- all the debt** havln^r been paid, liabilities dischar^ied or pn i for. and as^ s realized, will b" the net iimount (d' estate applii . 1'' to Ic .icies .-ind bequests. In the case.s where there is still a portion o the estate- unrealized and debts outstanding, a reserv(> should be made, eiptal to the amount at which such items h.nve been valued in tht> ac- rt'siTM'il -ml III' llir ii'siilnc I ivtT It lii'l'diH? illvlslon. Mnttcfs nf tiil-i ili'r wlilrli iil'lrn lia|i|i(>iis, having ln'cn duly pnivldi'ij I'lii-. s i ii> tn jiiu- ti'i't Ihi' i>.\i'('iitiii's rrmii |iartlii(.' witii any i-stali- nut aiisiiiiitcl> asii'i-- t.iliit'd liy rtMiii/.atJiiii, ymi may |ii-i,ri'('d to a|i|ily tiii- lialaiin' iik • lircclcd liy llir Will. I'Mfsl will iiiiiic iiiTiMilary Ii't:arii's. If any, fni- uhlrli aii,\ I'liliy fr li'Kati-i' In a Nrparatc ai-r'nint, wlilrli a unit or m iiiit-i, will III- I'liisi-il wiion tin- artiial payincnts an- niadr, liy jmstlnL.' tli-' ra^li (11 tin- di-lilt. A\'li(-n llie iM'i-nniary ami siiocHii- Iit-i|iii's1s liavi- lii-i-n duly pnv vldi'd fill' till' lialanri- will In- tin- fi-siduc ul' rapital. It now ri'iiiains to rlosi- tliosi- arcoiints i-clalin^ to Ini'omc, which all' till- sunis pliircd to (he •■ri-dit of the various invpstmoiits fur dividends, Interest, rents, etr., less the prnportlon aceniud at death, whieh lias lieeii already posted to the deliit in the lirst en- tries made in the ledKer of testator's i-state at death. The halance is transrerred liy di-liitiiii,' these iiecoiints respe''- tlvely. and crediting inroim- account. 'I'lie hooks now contain in a concise I'orm all tin- Informal Ion recjuisile to coniplete the residuary accoiiiil, and the schedules re- (liilred to acconipany it, and it will lie well to iiiiike out a stat>'- nieiit of affairs showiii); sach pnrticiilars aloii« with the scheduler* as will eiiahle the heneiiclnries to ch-arly undor.stand the disposi- tion of the estate thus fur. It will lie iiecessary to sli<-w what property has lieeii converted into iiioiK-y, and the date of such convi-rsioii. as separate coluinns are provided for money received and property converted into money. and I'or the value of jiroiierty not converted into money. In tin- latter case the value of the property nt the time the account is rendered is rei|iiircd, and InvtMitories and iiioper valuations must he produced, so that care must he taken to asct-rtain whether any variation has arisen sinci- the accounts were opi-iied, and to ;id,ius- them accordin^'ly. The shares not converted into money .•in- to he valued at the in eraire jirice of the day on wiiich the accnmit i^ dated, and if then- lie shares in many coiii)iaiiies, it may In- con vi-nieiit to inst-rt the total am.MiMt or valin- in tliis a nut. and annex a schi-diiU- of the |iarticular shares. Wlu-n tih- various ;iiiioiiiits are (-nU-nd in the account under tlie respi-itivc li.'adiii-s therein ri-i|uired. the total of the lirst column, in which all jir-iiicrty ' oiiverted into money has Ikhmi enten-d, is cairied out into ciiliunn .\' . liMvliii; till' iirl miiiiillil ul |il ii|ii'il \ (u It iiillli'il liirwMiil 111 llii' lU'Vl |iiii:i' I'l llii' niruiiiil. In wlilili iiiii'ii lir lii'ii'idil iiml Milili'il (111' III 1 iiinnlMl liiii'i nl' Indir-il. ilh IiIi'ihIm. ii'iiIh, plr. limn llii> iliiir III ili'Mlli 111 iImIi' 111 Mriuiiiil. I lii'-'^ilit'il III (III' inmiiii'r ihi'lrln ili'siillii'il I'luiii IIiIm IuImI ■-iliiinlil lir ili'iliirli'il iiMvinriiK '111 111 lnli'ri"^( 111! iiiiHl l;M^:l'M, IiuihIh, li'uiiili'M. I'll'. |iin ini'iil mi iii luiiiil I'l mimiilli'N mill ndicr |in\int'ii(M (11 mi,\ I. i iiiii|irl'-lim i'\|ii'|imi'm lilrlirii'il III llli' niMllMUi'llirill ul lllu IniMl l"^lMl^'. llllil i lllllUi'll liliv :i:::ltli'^( (III uiiir. Mini i\ IimImiiii' iikhIh hIiuw n. 'I'lii'ii mi\ ili'ilnrllmi rruin ii'slihir slimiM In- ImKi'h, iiirlinllni; iIuIiI-j ■^IIII u'liu rrmii tlir i"^lMii' lit' mi.vl Mini iiimir> li'lMilii'il (u |ii,,\ mil si M ililllin Ir^Mrii^J, W lii'li (III' ari'uiilH llMN lii'i'ii • Mli'l'llllv illMWii In lln- niMlilii'i' ilr srrilu'il M liMlMiiii' will 111' llli' iii'i ri'siilni'. Till' illiisl I'Ml lull lii'icwllli uhi'ii Is nil I'slntc sliii|ili' In lis wurU- iiii>. Mini' ul ■ Mi'uuiin mi t ur I'xci'iidir sliiiiilil 111' cMri'l'ii! tn ri'si'i'vu snlli- 1 ioiit tu pMv rusts uC ilistrilnitlon mnl any simi'tMucs In miiinilli'S ln't'iirc ilosiiiu tlio cstati' iiiiunij; tlu' ri'siihini'.v lugiid'cs. KM <■(' luiisllll' ,\i'('(M!\ IS. Vll i>i;i'.is di' i»i;«'i, Asi;i» nit ri.si \rtl|ll II H well III I I'IIM'IIiIk I llilil Miili'-ii'l l|>l Imm>< In I liii I 11 II li|i' mill r IlKiotl-i nliji'il^ ilii iml I iiMii' iimli'l I IiIm Iii'ihI I'lllHI III I \ |ll'll':i>'l IIIIImI I Ills HIM ll IM llll' I I'll "Ollll I ill', II ( I 1 1| 1 1 1 m; In llll I'liMi'iri-: ijIiiIIuii In l||i', iiliil iln linl Willlillil ll|i' iii'^l nl liinillli liii: llll' ii'liilUi"! Ml .'ii'i \ (1 111 ■'., Ill 111' II UN I liliii; III llll- -iliiiiii' 111 llll I'lll lllll II ll' lllllllllllll'lll Id iiii'iiilicr III nil jliin 'I llll' iliiiiKi I liniii I I'MJil'iiii I V Ii'I'mIi'I'm. 'I'lir I'M'i'lllnr iilinlllil iiiil |iii\ In niMi'linlil i ", )ii'li-!i'-; Ini iili\ Inlil^cr jii'lliiil llillli I'l 11 li'uiliilil y lii'i i";'-iil I y Id i'IiiiIiIi' IIh' wiir\ i vnr.i nl III! Iillllllv In iiiiilsi' II I I II lu'iliii lil'-i In I'll I I y nil Inr I IniiiMi'l \ I'H. \<»ri'!, 'I'liKi' lllll' nl llll' ril|illlil Mini li'l Iln' lliin' ' tllln" ('(ire III IImi 11. Mini H III iiii\ iiiiilli'i llki' ii|i|intlliiiiiiii'iil '.ml rl Mn im t'l i;i\"' i'ii|illiil till' lii'iirlil. villi will III liny inli' lii' nii tin' ••iil'i' ^i|i|i'. Inr, I'i'liirllllii'l' tlinl llll' i.;l I'llli'sl illlljrillly Im n \ |i" r|i||i iiI in I ii iiVi'l' Iln' liinlli',\ niin lillH jiiilil liy uiiy nl llnnnii' In llii' lll'i' linillil I'll.N llll ji'Ullrli'H IIH sniili MM lln' hIiiIi' nl III" mi|iIIiiI iiiiniinl |ir| nillH. ll In lllll nni'i'HMMI'.\ , 'iHi'ii II Im iiliiuh Imm liji', In jiill II viilii" In tin- liiiiiK'i iipun liny iiMMi'l iinl iiiliiiilly liiini'il Inin iiinni'.\ , <'ri;s I'dit s'i ri>i;N!s. .\ \i'i'y ri'i'i|M('iil I'lrni' l-< I 1 I li;iri.n' i'\i riiliii's' csiicmnw fi» Iniorrn- mriililil. Tills Im w I'nliir, winli i'' ihiihi'H miiy Ih' cd I'll'-fi' tn iiicniiif lis jliivi' lii'i'ii Mi'l ll.'l ll.v iinilll'i'il mi ;iiiiiiiiil nl' iinniiii'. Till' iiliji'i'l Miilltrlll ill iilillilnlllU' jilnlillli' nl Iln' •>'. Ill N tli.ll til'- ('M'liilnl' im;i.\' Iiiivi' m I'liiiipli'l I' iiinl li';,';il lilli' i nn liiri'l ii|iiiii iilin to I'liili'i'l. i^i'l, ri'iillzi', nr ili'lil Willi llll' |iln)ii|ly nl llii' ili'i'i-M.-Sfil ill iii'ini'iln 111 ■■ Willi till' |ii'n\ islniis nl tin' w\\\. Ui'UM iilliiu III'' |i.i.\ Illl'lll 111 inti'ii'si nil l<'>.'ii('l<'H, till' I'M'ciil'jr ifiay |i!l.\' lllf li'j-'iU'.v' wHIiln Iwi'lvc inniillis nl tin' ili'iilll nl' t In' i|f -I'llSi'd, lllll is lllll riilll|irll''i| In iln sii. Ill' i-~ lint In |i;i.' ilil'l'i-^l Inr Jir^.V liiiii' ullliin till- Iwi'Im' iiiniitli--, 11 ll liniiL'li ilniln;.' iliiit tini" In- ma./ llMM' I'cirlM'il inli'list. I'liil il he liiis Mssi'ls ln' is In |iM.s ilit>'r«'Mt liniii the (Mi'l nf till' twi'lvi' inoiitliH, whctliff tlin assets havo been |il'iiill|rt i\'<> III' lint. il ?J ' 422 EXECUTOUS AND ADMINISTHA lOUS. Tlie aim of my paper Is to impress the yenoral form of trust accounts on students of accounts, the details of heavier trusts will follow in every case the lines before outlined. Work up your draft acceunts upon \o(..6e '''eets of foolscai> pro- perly paged. An iiccrued nut or a dividend is as much an asset as a trade boolv del)t, and should be brought into accotint in the san\o way as In commercial accounts. Ledger accounts r\iled witli two money columns, one fi)r prin- cipal, the other for income items, are useful when taking off state- ments. The gift of an annuity out of the general estate, or out of a particular fund, creates a charge on the corpus, and all payments ol the annuity must be satisfied in full before anything can go over. In tile case of bank stocks, the market (luotation for the same as given out by the ytock Exchange, is made up of the market price of the shares, pins the accrued interest to the date of (piotation. So that when making up the corpus of an estate, among the items of ■which are bank stock, you nmst remember that the accruetl interest on such sliares is already included in the quoted market price. This does not apply to debentures. is; m ■iH n •! Wi 8pecij\iex accounts of an estate. Rj William Child, Dkckasld. SUMMARY. Tcstiitoi- Williiim Child died 19th iNIarch. ISiMi. "'. i.] (hited 17th March, 189G. I.. . \te left In trust to his executors to pay therefrom jiis (h>lits, funo.ai and testamentary expenses and legacies to beneficiaries mentioned in his will. Directs a payment of $10,000 to his widow, Lucy <'hild. Bequeaths the household furniture, stable and house to his widow absolutely. IMrects the balance of his estate to V)e invested in specified se- curities, and the income derivable therefrom to be divided e(iuaUy lietwoen his wife and two sons. Directs that on the dtath of his widow the investments are to be realized and the amount divided eciually between l>is survivin.u ■<'hildron. The widow survived her husband one year. The trustees left Investments as they received them. In this case no duties were payable under Succession Duties Act. SCHEDULE OP CORPUS, lOUi MARCH, 1896. Cash In house .$115 OO Cash in bank 24,800 00 House, furniture and other contents, stable; specifically be- queathed to widow; "alued for probate 20.000 0'> Sundry debtors S(»0 00 Accrued interest on G.T.R. debentures 2.")0 00 Ace -ued interest on Imperial Bank stock, say 72(» 00 Mortgage of John Jones 4,(MI0 oO Accrued interest on same 00 OC Promissory note William Smith 1,2.")0 dO Accrued interest on same l.'t Oi> Life Assurance Policy l(»,s,il70 (10 it 20 2s,',»7o OO 00,.-)4G 00 Dr. CASH. CASH Folio. Capit.m.. lt<'.i(). Mar. 19 May June 31 5 *' ;> July 3 " 3 f I 8 i* 13 (( 13 " 31 Atifi 9 " 31 Nov. 30 IH<( 7. Jan. 1 Mar. 1 I Cash in house at death . . . . Cash in Bank at death . . . John Jones, interest Debts, W. Speight " S. Cartright " J. Smith " Imperial Bank Canada Life Assurance Co. William Smith, loan William Smith, interest . . . Ij. Moore, debt Geo. ]May, debt G. T. R. debentures John Jones, interest Imperial Bank, dividend G. T. 1?., dividend 1 1 8 3 5 5 7 10 9 9 o !j 8 7 6 1897. Mar. 19 To balance brought down April 14 " Proceeds from sale of Imperial Bank stock ' Proceeds from sale of G. T. K. debentures ' John Jones, interest to date . . •$ c. 115 OO 24,800 00 t)0 00 2-)0 00 300 00 .-)() 00 720 00 10,000 00 l,2r,0 00 45 00 100 00 100 00 250 00 I.NC03IF. Bank. 41 :. :* c. 11.-) 00 24,SOO 00 ) 00 100 00 5.iO 00 50 00 80 Oo OO 500 00 100 OO 400 00 750 00 SOO 00 10,000 00 1,250 00 01 OO 100 00 100 00 750 (K> 100 00 400 00 750 CO I 38,040 00 1,880 OOi 39,9'JO 2.5,440 00 38() 00 25,!>2t) 00 Hi.OOO 00 Hi.OOO 00 12,500 00 « • ■ • 12. .500 00 51 00 51 00 53,940 OO 437 00 54,377 OO 300 GO i,r)00 00 10 000 00 •20,000 OO 500 OO HOO 00 f>S.*)70 00 2H/.t70 0(t 00.540 00 CASH Bank. " 'vvm WWT * c. 115 00 'il.sOO 00 100 00 550 00 50 00 SOO 00 lo.ooO 00 l,-2.50 00 til OO 100 00 100 00 750 00 100 00 400 00 750 CO ;-!'.i,;i'_'0 •2r).s-Ht 00 10,000 00 I-.'.. 500 00 I; 51 00 » 54,;i77 OO ESTATE CAPITAL ACCOUNT. Cn. 1896. Mar. 10. 1897. April 14. By Cftsh in house at death Fo. 3 " Imperial Bank on current account " ;5 " Special Bequest to Widow; House, Furni- ture, Stable " 4 Debts due to testator : William Speif,'ht *'2.50 Oo L. Moore Ido flo Samuel Cartri^ht 300 00 Joseph Smith 50 00 Geort^e May 100 00 " 5 Accrued interest, G. T. R. Debentures.. " C> Bank Stock " 7 Mortgaye, John Jones •' 8 Accrued interest on same " 8 Promissory note, William Smith " 9 Accrued interest on same '• 9 Life Assurance Policy " 10 Debentures, G. T. R | •' Imperial Bank Stock 115 (ID 21, SOI I 00 20,000 OO ACCOUNT. CONTRA. MIO (10 2.5(» (10 720 00 4,000 00 00 00 l,l>50 00 15 00 ] 0,000 OO 12. .51 10 00 lO.OOO 00 li(t.540 00 Cii. ;j. 189(3. April 22 jMay July Auj,'. Dec. Folio. Camt.vl. ' Ixcomk. Bank. » c. By Testamentary Expenses — Pro- bate, etc Funeral Expenses, Bury A Co. 9 23 31 8' lOl 10 ! lOi Debts of S. Wren T. Brown Legacies, Widow of testator . . Executorship Expenses, Solici- tor and Accountant's fees. . Lucy Child on account income John Child William Child 12 1 897. Mar. 19 1897. Mar. 20 " 20 " 20 April 14 • 14 " 14 " 14 " 14 Balance carried down . 13 14 15 l(i 17 300 00 100 00 200 00 1,00(» 00 500 00 10,000 00 500 00 500 00 .500 00 500 00. 300 00 ]00 00 200 00 1,0(J0 OO 500 00 10.000 OO 500 00 500 OO 50. » 00 500 00 12,000 00 1,500 OO 14,100 00 25,44(1 00 ;580 00 25,s2(; OO 38, (HO 00 1,8.S0 00 39.920 OO By Lucy Child, balance income . . " John Child " William Child •' I " Exe'trs Lucv ('hild, ,^ of income " ,Johu Child ' " William Child " | " John Child, balance of share of residue i " William Child, share of residue 15 128 (u 12M 07 10 12S 07 12>i 07 17 12.S 07 I2.S 07 15 17 00 17 00 1(1 17 00 17 00 17 17 00 17 (10 19 21,970 00 24,970 00 20 2«,970 00 2.s,',i70 00 53,940 00 437 00 54,377 OO 1" ui 1 I 8. JOHN JONES 1)K. Capital. Income. IHIIC. Mfir. I'.K. To Estate Capital Account — « c. S c. * Amount advance on jNIortgage of Ereeliokl lionse, Hll Chan- cery Lane, at 5';,, per annum. Fo. 1 4,(»0(» (to ■ 1 l!t.. To Estate Capital Account- Proportion of intt^rest due ou mort^at^e to date It 1 60 00 I\Iay HI . . To Income Account — Balance of lialf year's interest. . To Income Account — iialf year's interest 14 18 18 18 4(» 00 Nov. ,10.. lUO 00 18!)7. April 14.. To Income Account— Interest to date .... ■)1 CO 4,0G0 OO 191 00 <). I M ii' If- Dr. GH.\ND TRUNK Capital. Incomk. The Investment is »r2,.")00 6% 1 S c. » c. 189«. Mar. 10.. Debenture Stock. To Estate Capital Account Fo. 1 l-i.-'jOO 00 «» " " proportion of half year's dividend to date H 1 2.-)0 00 Aufj. 31.. To Income Account balance of A year's interest on Debentures t< 18 500 00 April 14.. " Income Account A year'siaterest i< 18 7.-)0 00 12,750 00 1,250 00 ll II' - rORTGAGE ACCOUNT. 8. Capital. Income. Ch. IH'.lt). Mar. ai. By Cash Fo. H » c. t;o 00 40 00 Nov. 81. *( ^^ it 3 10(1 00 iHltt). \ April U. ' t( ii a 3 r.i GO 14.. '■ Jolin Child, transfer of Mort- gage as per agreement in part payment of liia share of Kesidue 4,000 00 ! 4,0ti0 0(» I'.ll 00 K. K. DEBENTURES. 189t). ! I Aug. HI. .By Cash Fo. 3 1897. Mar. 1 . April 14. Cai>it.\l, INCO.MK. 250 00 12,500 OU Ch. » c. 500 DO ■50 00 12,7,50 (10; 1,-V)0 OO !■ ; If' ' if i Du. 189(1. ~ ~ Mar. 19.. To Estate Capital Account— Loan on promissory note at iV\, per annum Fo. " 19.. To FiHtate Capital Account — Inter- est due on same to date " July lii..To Income Account balance of Interest to date " Capitai-. WILLIAM I.NlOMK. » c. * c. 1 1/ioO 00 1 ■1.". (10 18 1(1 ()() l,-29r) on n; (10 ■■ ! -■ U ll 7. Dr. IMI'EIUAL CaI'ITAI.. l.NCO.ME. 1896. Mar. 19 . . The Investment is 80 Shares of Imperial Bank Stock To Capital Account Fo. 14 it 1 1 ]8 18 » c. 10,000 (Ml § c. " 19.. June 30.. 1897. Jan. 1.. To Estate Capital Account pro- portion of dividend to date .. To Income Account balance of h year's dividend on stock.. '. To Income .Acct., \ year's interest 7-20 00 -loo 0(> l(j,7'2(i 0(» HO OO 18. Du. INCOME 1896. Mar. 19.. " 19.. 19.. To Lucy Child, Income Accoimt, •' John Child '• William Child \ of II 11 income.. Fo. 1.') " 1(1 " 17 > c. I'l-'.-^ (17 il-JS 07 O'iS (1(1 1897. April 14. " 14. •' 14. To Executors Lucy Child, Income Account to date " John Child, Income Account to date. . . . " William ChiUl ' " 1..- ^^ i..-!sr, 00 17 17 17 00 00 00 .")1 00 SMriH. Cai'ital. Inco.mk. Cii. July i:(.. liy Ciisli ^ Fo. 3 l/JO") 00 li! oo l,'iltr> 0(1 Ill.Oi) BANK. I.S!t(). June MO.. iHitO. Jan. 1.. April 14.. Cai'Ital. Income. Cu. Rv Cash To. H » c. » c. 7'JO 00 80 00 Ifi.OOO 00 •KM I 00 l(),72n 00 480 00 ACCOT'NT. IH. Git. 18 ]\Iay 10. 81.. June HO . July 13.. Auj4. Nov. 31.. 30.. lsi)7. April 14. By John Jones, Balance of half year's interest on loan, '^4,000.00 ". Fo " Imperial Bank, Balance of half year's dividend on stock " William Sniitli, Balance of interest on loan on B. R " G. T. 11., Balance of interest on debentures " John Jones, lialf year's interest " Imperial Bank, "" ■• " G. T. B., " " John Jones, interest on niort';a<;e to date. % c. 40 OO 80 00 k; oo " 3 "jOO 00 " 8 100 00 '• 7 400 00 C, 7y(» 00 l.88(; 00 61 00 ol 00 ^W t { 1, *:i 9i 4. HOUSE FUHNITURE,.Vc. Dii, Ciipital (;.. iHilC. I Mar. ]!).. jTo Estate Capital Acrouiit as per Probate, etc Fo. 1 iHitd. Mar. 18.. By Le^^aoies — tor House, etc i I Specifically bequeathed.. " 13 » c. I * c. 20,000 00 20,O0t» (10 10. CANADA LIKE ASSURANCE CO. Capital. 18'J0. Mar. lit.. To Estate (Capital Account — pro- ceeds of policy on the life of testator Fo. 1 July H. . jBy Cash — Amount of Policy paid. » c, 10,000 00 lO.OdO OO 12. SUNDRY CREDITORS. IH'.Ki. ! Mar. 10. . By Estate Capital Account Fo. 1 May . . To Cash S. Wren \ " 3 1 " 23.. ] " T. Brown I " 3 Capital. » c. 1,0(M) 00 .500 00 Income. » c. I,o00 00 18. BEQUESTS AND LEGACIES. 18!)0. I Sep. 30. . !To House, Furniture, Stable spec! i fically bequeathed to widow . . Fo. 4 July 31.. ITo Lucy Child— widow ' " 3 |By Estate Capital Account transferi " 1 Cap $ 0. ital. » c. '20,000 00 lO.IKtO OO 30,000 (10 ■i ffl 14. EXECUTORSHIP EXPENSES. 1896. I ; » c. * c. Ant;. H. . To Cash, Lindley A' Co., Holicitors, | and II. Quili, accountant Fo. 3 500 OO 1807. I Mar. 19.. By Estate Capital Account i "1 i SfiO 00 iv IHitli. Mar. l'.». Juno July 31. AuM. !i. SUNDRY DEBTOllrt. m To Estate Capital Account for Sundry (lel)ta owiuf^ to Testa- tor at Deatli Yo I W, Speight '.. .. " 1 L. Moore " i Samuel Cartri^lit " l I. Smith '• 1 Geor^^e May " l By Cash W. Spoii,'ht " A " " S. Cartrit,'iit " 8 " " I. Smitli '. H " " li. Moore " h " " Ci. May .. 3 Capital. Dr. Ch. c. a^o 00 100 00 :i00 00 r>o 00 KiO 00 HOO 00 2."tu no 300 OH i>() 00 10(1 0(» 100 00 MOO 00 I! ■-i 11. TESTAMENTARY AND FITNERAI. EXPENSES. IH'Jd. I April 22.. To Cash Bitiwifj A Co. for Probate and Law e.xpensea attending,' tliereto 18117. Mar. 31. To Cash Bury A Co " " Spark & Son By Estate Capital account transfer 12. LUCY CHILD— IxccME Account. Dr. IHIM). Dec. 10. . To cash on account of income 1807. Mar. 20.. " " balance of income .. . lb<)7. . By Income Account, >^ of incomel year ending? tiii.s date I April 14. . To Cash on account of Income . . By Income Account per Executors i of amount Fo. 8 ! " 3 j " 18 I , " 3 18 S 0, r)00 (to 128 07 17 00 Cr. c. ()2.s i'u 17 00 I i tiv- ' 16. JOHN CHILD— Income AreoiNX. Dii. Dec. Id. . To i'tmh on account of iiicujine IH'.IT. Miir. "Jd.. " " hivliince of income .. . isli'i ,, By Income Account, \ of income year ondin({ tliiu date April n.. To CaHli on account of income. .. . " " .. By Income Account, ,^ of amount. Fo. :< D c. 5011 Ot) " 8 128 07 " IK i " -^ 17 00 " 18 Cr. » c. (528 (i7 17 iiO mt 11. 1 t 1 t: a ■i ■ ! ;i If 1 ' ' i i 1 J, j 17. WILLIAM CHILD— Incomk Accor.vr. IKIIC). : 1 Dec. 10. . ' To Caali on account of income. . . . ' Fo. 3 1N'.»7. INIar. 'JO.. " " balance of income " H » c. ')(!() 00 128 07 1^117 By Income Account, J( of incomej year ending this ilate IH April 14.. To Cash on account of Income... " 3 " •• .. By Income Account, fj of amount. " 18 17 00 19. JOHN CHILD— (Shauk ok Resikue Account.) 9 c. 028 07 17 00 IH'.tT. April 1-t.. To John Jones (Mortgage Account) transfer as per agreement of ^■1,000.(10 Mortgage in part payment of share of llesidue. Fo. 8 » 0. 4,000 00 * c. April U.. To Cash balance of Residue " H 21,970 00 By Estate Capital Account, ^ share of Residue at this date . " 1 28,970 00 28,'.»70 00 28,1)70 00 20. WILLIAM CHILD— (Shake of Residue Account.) 18H7. April 11..' To Cash Share of Residue Fo. 3 1 » c. 28,970 00 11.. 1 By Estate Capital Account for A share of Residue at this date. » c. 28,i)70 00 28,970 00 28,970 GO m^r^ LIST OF APPENDICES. 17 (10 « cr 028 (>7 17 00 * c. 8,070 00 H,'.)70 00 « c. ' , ; 8,S)70 00 8,970 00 ' . 1. Coloniul Probate Act, p. 483. 2. Selected Uules of the Surro^^ate Court, p. 48f). 3. Orders of Court relating to Trusts Corporations, p. 445. 4. Administration by Crown of Estates of In- testates, p. 446. 5. Mortmain and Charitable Uses Act, p. 450. 0. Distribution Sections of Devolution of Estates Act, p. 452. 7. Succession Duties Act, p. 4()1. S. Amending Act of 1899, p. 471. 9. Government Kegulations Under Succession Duties Act, p. 474. APPENDIX I. COLONIAL PROBATE ACT. All Act to provide for the Recognition in tlie United Kingdom of Probates and Letters of Administration granted in Britisli possessions. 20th May. 1S!)2. 1. Il.-r Majesty the Queen may, on heiu^^ .satislietl tlnit the Le.-is- lature of any 15riti^sh posseb^ion has n,a,h. a,Ie„uate provision "or the rec.ojrn,tion in that possession of Probates and J.otters of Id- nunlstration jrrante.l l,v the Cunrts of tlie United Kingdom direct l>.v Order-in-Conn.-il ,hat the A,-t sh.-,ll. snhje.t to any exc'vptions and n,o,lili,,-ations. sp,M.ified in the order, apply to that possession and tlH.renpon. while the order is in force, this Act shall antdv uccordin^iy. -^ 1 1 J JC.K.A. -28 Applica- tion of Act hy Ordcr- iu-Counuil. ( I. t ■ . 1 i : t ! < ■■■■■ 484 KXKCUIOH.S AND ADMINISTKATOJJ.S. HciiliiiK in 2. (1) Wlicic a ('durt uf rrolnito in a Britisli possession to, ..?" 'I \vhi<-li tliis Act auplles has iiraiiti'd nrobate or li-ttor.s of ailiiiiiiis- of Colonial tratioii in rospeet of the ostato of a deceased person, the proliate Pidlnites and Lft- tiu's of Ad- niinistia- Bealed with the seal of that Court, and, thereupon, shall lie of the tiun. or letters so ^I'sii'ted may, on lieiuf< produced to, and a coiiy thereof' deixpsited witli, a Court of I'roliate in tiie United Kin^'doni, be 11 k force and elTect. and have the s mie opi rjtion iu the United Kinfe'doni, as if granted uy that Court. (L.') I'rovided that the Court shall, before sealing a probate or letters of administration under this section, be satistied — ((/) that probate duty has been paid iu respect of so niH) The Court may also, if it thinks tit, on the application of any creditor, re(iuirc, before sealing, that adeciinite securitv be tfiven for the payment of debts due from the estate to creditors resitling mi the Uniteil Kingdom. (4) For the purposes of this section, a duplicate of au.\ I'lobate or letters of adi listration scahvl with the seal of the Court granting the same, or a coiiy thereof certified as correct l)y or under the a\ithority of the Court granting the same, shall have the same I'Ifect as the original. (,*>) Rules of t.'onrt may be nuide for regulating the proiednri> «nid practice, including fees and costs, in Courts of the Unite('. Kingdom, on and incidental to an anplication for sealing a probi-te or letters of adniinistriition granted in a British possession to which, this Act api)lies. Such rules shall, so far as they relate to proliate dutv, be made with the consent of the Treasury, and subject to any <'.\cei)tions and moditications made b.v such I'ules, the enactments for the time being in force in relation to probate duly nuchuling the penal [provisions thei-ciif) shall ajiplx as If the person who applies for sealing under this section were a perscui applying for probate or letters of administration. 3. This Act sliall extend to a\itliori/.(> the sealiUL; in the United tioii of .\ct x^^liigdoni of any itrobate or letters of administration granted by a Applj. to r>i'itisl ('ourts in British Cmirt in n ToiMMgn country, in lik(> maun as it autlioii/.es Foreign the sealing of a jn'obate oi letters of adininstration granted in (.ouiitnes. j|.,.j,j^|, ,„,ssession to whirli this \>\ applies, and the provi-ions i tliis Act shall ajiply ai-eorilingly wiili tht^ necessary modltieations. !1 ml APPENDIX I. — C(M.()NI,\r, PMOUATKS ACT. 485 ;; I 4. (1) lOvfi-y (>i-cil. iiiado, and shall he i-.nhlished nnder the authority ,,r llei- .^r,■l.ies(y's Stfitionory Oflice. d') Ilei- Miijesty tile (Jneen in Council nniy revoke or alter any Order-in-Council previously niade under this Act. 1.'!) \\'liero it appears to her :>rajesly in Council tlmt the legisla- ture of i)art of a Hritish possession has jiower to make the provi- sion re(|uisite for l.rin^'in^' this A<-t into operation in that iiart, it Kliall 1..' lawfid for Her ^[a.jesty to dire.t hy ( tnler-in-Conn.il that this A.t shall apply t<, that [.art a. if it were a se|K.rate British ''"^^'■^■" • 'i'"' tlKM-enpon, wliile the onler is in foree. this Aet shall ajiply acri.rdingly. •". Tliis Aet. when applied hy an ( »r,ler-in-Couneil to a IJritish \ppliea- possession. shall, snl.je..t t„ the provisions of the urder aimlv to "^ •^^■' '" prohates ami letters of ad.ni.dstration ^rranted in that possession 'u:''''d"" • ■itin.r hel.,ro .u- after thr. passing of thi.- Act. naliy granted. .<>. Ill this Aet — - Interpre- The expression - ,nnrt ,,f pn.hate- means anv eonrt ,,,- ^■''^•""■ authority i,y whatever name designated, having iurisd.eti,,., in '"••liters „t ,,r.d.ate, and in S.^otiaml means the .Sju.riff <-„nrt of the county of lOdinhurg:!. The expn.ssions " prohate " and "letters of administration- ■"-I'.de eonlirmation in S.^otland, and any instrunHMrt liaTin^^ In a Itr.tish poss.vssion the san.e effect wlii.h nnder Knglisj, law Is given to probate ami letters .d' admi.ustration respeetively. The expression " prohate duty" inehnies anv dntv pavai n tlio vahH> of the estate and elTcts for which prohate'or letters of fKlministration is or are granted. TiM' expression -British Conr. vi ,. foreign .onntrv.- mea.is nny I.ritish Court having jnrisdi,.,.., , nt of the (.neen's'd inions *" ""'■^"■•" '■"" • >•••!'■.■ in Coun<-il. whether made nmh.- anv \ct or otjierw jse. T. Tills Act nmy he eited as the Colonial .l-ruhatos Art ISff Si,ori Title. 436 EXECr^TOlt.S ASD A DM IN IS TU ATOUS. APPENDIX 11. .SELECTED JiULES OF THE .SUUKUCJATE CUL'UT.S. UXTAKIO. Vi ft \ I! I'l'iOCKOLIlE. 1. .Ndii-cDiitciitiinis luisiiH'ss sliall iiK-liiilo all coimiiou form Imsi- uess us (ic'liiieil by tlio Surrogate Courts Atrafor> x\ill aiiiiexeij, is to |j and of administrators with tin w'oi'deil as to ei prior ri,i;ht to t ear off all pca'--on^ lia\in le y:rant. In tiiesp e on the fa 11'. il ises tile ^;i'ant slionl ee ol It low tile prior interests have I leen eleai' iiii'l to lie suliserilieil and Irator as an aliidavit. -iial oath of administration is to I le reduce I t. \\ I'll iii:^. .! W eil to the u'laut. (Sect loll .)l"). now sec- U'lle\er the .lud.Lrt fact slumld he made plainlv ti •^ces lit to exer rise siieh .'l |ioWei'. t| -tiator, in the lett iond. > appear :u the oath of • 'I's of administration, and lie ailniiiu. ill the admiiiist rat I. Where limiteii adiiiinistratioiiv. llUh!.' tl appear that everv ••ii-o applied for. il iiiiisi (iri perty has consent porson entitleil in distrih ed, or renounced, or li 11 ! 1 M n I , , til, to appear, except when the .1 id.;:c direct. '11 cited .■iiid faili' 1 sees tit other WIS" s|iecially tl 1.".. .\. person eiuitled to a -fa perty of the ileceased j:raiit. except irrants fi .sectiiJii til I of the Si lit I'f ,'i liKJnistr; 1 iui .d' tl ■iierally .shall 1 |c ]U'( e permitted to lake a iiniited !• personal o.^tate only, under se.-tiou .'.s in.iw ■riiu'ate Coui-ls .\,.t. If.. In adi < ath and in tl iiinisiraiioii id' a spi ■lal ch;iracter the r"cii,-ii- le letters of adl in II). aiice with the facts of tl iiiiiistratioii must he frame I i n ;o-col'i o case 17. ( I. (.rants of administi-ati inl'ant on ma.v hi' made to t| s and minors, fo- .h.. use and henetii of si Illinois iluriiii,' tlieir tniiiority; and of kin. or next friend, as the ca^ le mm rdi.iiis of I'di infants ;nid elections hy minors of tlieir next e may he. to sudi i.'iiardiaii-liip, If >iii 438 KXECUTOKS AND AOMINIS IKAToltS. shall lio rciiiiirrd when the infant is t'onitrcn yi ;irs nf ;iu ■ iuhI over. (See c l.'JT. It. S. < >. ss. 4, lU, IS; now K. S. (). 1>.S7, c U'S, !ss. A. in, 111). IS. I'lviTy will or i-opy of a will, to which iin cxonitor m- ail- ininistraior with' the will annexed is swiirn, should hi' marked Uy fiueh execntor or idnii'iistrator and hy the person liei'tjre whom he is sworn. , I'.i. JOxecutors and adiMinistrators sliall within a iicriud of eJfrhteeii nu.nths after jjrant made, and sooner if the ■Indj.'e shall so direct, exhihit vindtM- oatii a true and iici'fe<-t invcntury of the jtroiierty of the testator or intrstale (as the case may lie), and render a just and full account of their execulorship or administra- tion. The .lud^'e shall, upon aiiplicaiion ma'h,' to liim for tluit i)nr- pose. have jiower to extend the said jieriod of eiuhtecn niontlis. If the exeentiir, or administrator witli tin- will annexed, is the solo lejrateo or devisee of the projierty divolviiiir. the .Iu<1'j:c may direct that he shall he relieved from the opin'ation of this rule, prosMded tliere are no creditors of the estate. id) 'I'he ;;eneral rules wliich scivern in the ^Taster's oliice of t'le Sui)reme (Jourt of Judicature under a judu'iuent. or order of reference, and i c rules of practice ami procedure thereof for tlu; time hcii'!,', so far as the sanu- can he made to appl>, shall he adoi)ted i 1 the ea.se of the audltiufr an executor's and administra- tor's account hy the Judj^'e. suhstitutinj; the word " .Ind^'e " fe^' tlie word " Master " au'i also for the word " lOxaminer " wliereve. It oeeurs in any such -.-ule. (See Con. Kules of rractice). DO. A will deposited ^for safe keepin;; in the iiHice of the regis- trar of the Surrogate ('ourt shall not he removed tin refrom, except hy the testator in person, unless the order of the .Judge ptumiltiirg such removal shall have hceu first ohtained. '-'1. In all eases in which it has heen heretofore necessary to Issue n citation to accept or refuse prohate of a will, or to accept or refuse letters of administration, ov to issue a sulipcena to hring in a testamentary paper, and in all similar cases, the .ludge's older shall he made, and shall have the like effect as such citation or subpceuii formerly ha.d. L'L'. 'i'he party entering a caveat must declare th.M'ein the nature of his interest in the property of the decinised. and state genei'ally the prounds upmi which he enters such caveat, and the same slnill he signed hy the party, or hy his solicitor on his behalf, ami the proper place mentioned as the address of the party or of his solicitor entering the caveat; and no caveat shall ^lave any force oi- effect unless the requireiuents of this rule he in substance co.aplieil with. -.'!. A caveat shall remain in force for the space of three months (>nly. and then expire and be of no effect: but caveats may, subject to the Judge's order, be renewed from time to time. ■I 1 ami 1C,8, Al-I'KNDIX ir. — SKLEcrrCU VAIAIS OF MltlKKiATl'; < (.rifl'. L'4. In onlor to Honr off a oavont wlicn no a|ii)car;iii((> has boon rntciv.l to a waniiiiK duly sorvod. an alliilavit of tlif s.rvici. .if tlio wariiiii- statin- tlic manner of scrvic'. and an atlidavit of si^arrli 1"r aii]H.arance and uf non-apprarani't' ninst h,. idod. 1'.'.. .No cavcn-t shall affect any grant made on the day on which the .avcat is entt>n'd. unless notice of sucli caveat lias hfc^n rc- (•(■i\fd [irjiir to the ;,'rant passini? the seal. -i;. .\ caveat shall be warned at th(> jilace nientinned in it as the addros <<( tin- person who enlci'cd it or id' his sidiiitur. -7. It shall be suflicient for tlie warninj,' of a caveat. ti:at tli.- reiristrar of the Court in which application for ;,'rant is niadi- send by public iiiist, prepaid and reiristered. a warinn^' si,;,'ne 1 by himself bearin,_' the seal of the Court, and directi-d to the person wh.i entered it, or to his solicitor, if sii:n(>d by a solicitor. ;it tiie addi-css mentioned in it. -'^. .\ny person intendinj; to opjiose a trrant of probate or ad- ministration. l\)r wiiicli api)lieation has been made to a Snrni-ati' Court, must within ten days after service appear, either person.illy or by a scdicicor, and enter an appearance in stn^h Court, in which appi'.-ifanee the address of the party, or of his sdlicitor, shall li>' Siven. This rule is to apply whether the person intending to iippnse the grant has or has not been previously warned to a caveat, or served with a citation. U'J. When a party intending to oppose a grant, has liled au appearance with the registrar. iu> further steps in r-spcct to such grant shall be taken, except under the special direction of the Judge. .'in. Citations against all persons in geuer.-il and other inslru- ments heretofore rc(|uired to be served by allixing them in seiiu^ ptiblic place, are in future to he served by the insertion of th.' sani" as advertisements in such newspapers, local, British, or fm-eign, as tlio Judge may. from time to time direct. Smdi citations can only be allowed to issue in cases where thei-e is an alliilavit to le.nl them ami a .Judge's ordei'. "1, Citations under the thirty-eighth (now the forty-llrst'l s( ctinn of the Act may be servi^l by inserting tlie same as advertisemeni- in such one of tlie Toronto moriung piipers. or such other papers, lu al, British, or foreign, as tlie Judge of the Court may. by siieeial older, direct. :'.L.'. 'I'lie liond to be given r.pon any grant of aihninistration shall be aceoriling to the forms snbjnined. or in a form as near tliercto as the circumstances of the case admit. ."..■!. The sureties in such bund arc rcfinireil in all cases to justify. See section H". fnow section Tn) of tlie Surrogate Couits .\, t. and such jtistltication sliall he to an amount or amounts which in the V.V.) ¥i . it H i I 440 i:XFf;UT()I{S and ADMlXISIItATOUS. jiffKrcRatc sliuU ('(Uial tlic aiiioiint uf ilu.- in'iuilty of tlio honil. \'i Siirro;;utf cU rU or I'c^iistriU' .shall liejuiiu; siiroty tn iuiy ;idiiiliiisl i';i- liiiu liDuil. 'Ai. Til nnlinary casi-s Avlicrc |)i'((]M'ity is lioiiii tiil(> uiiilci' the valm; 111' l\\i> Imndiod dollars, one suri'ly only may \ii- taken to the ad- niinistration Itond. ;ir>. In all other casew, unless the JudKo shall otherwi-e direct, t\\'o sui-etu's are always to In? rcMHiired to the ailniinistratiun bond, and the liond is to be j;iven in (hmble the ainonut n\' the fund to be ijcalt witli und(.'r the ailniinisti-ulion. .".(■>. Whenever any reininciatlou is tiled snhso(iiient to notice of aiiplication to tlie surrouate cleric ur any alteration is snlise(|iiently niadi' in the u'lant, notice of su Court to tiie snr- lounti clerk. ."IT. I'^very aflidavit shall bi- di'awn up in tlie tirst iM'rsen, statin;; tlic name of the de]ioiUMit at the cummeiicenuMit in full, .and his dcscripiion and trne ]ilace of abmle and shall be siunied by him. .■>S. !n evei'y aflidavit made by two or more deponents, the names of the seseral persons making it are to be wi'itten in the jurat. I'lxcept that if the atlidavit of all the deponents is taken at line time by tlie same ollicer, it shall be snllicii'iit to state that it was sworn by both lor all) of the '" above-iianie>',iristr!ir m- otlci' ullicer befon> whom siich .'itlidavit is made, is to state in the jurat that the atlidavit was read in his iircsem'c to the depoiici:' .iiid that such deponent seemed perfectly in uinler- si .111(1 the same; and also that the 'said dt^iioneiit made Ills ov her mark, ur wrote his or her si.miatiire. in the i)resenoe of t)ie regis- trar Ml- oilier (itli<'pr. before wlcim the same was taken. No such allidavit shall b' used in evidiMice in the absence of this Ntateiiient, unless the t'ourt or a .Tndui' is otherwlsesatislied that the allidavit was reao over to and apparently ]u'rfe(•^^ understood by the de- poiii'tit. Jl. No aliid.ixit liaviii, in the jural or body thereof an\' inter- liiii'ation, alt. ration, or era:Miri> shall, withoiu the leas e of the .Indue, be read or made nsi> of io ,iny matter |iei)dll>k' in any Snrrou'.iti' <'onrt, unless the interlineation or alteration (ot)ier than by craNuri'i is autheiiticated by the initials of the oilier* laklng tli.- atlidavit; ^■^:'l ai'I'i:ni)IX II. — sra-Kn"!':!) rules of sriti!()(;.\'rK coi-irr. Itl iior ill tlio cMsc (if ail fi'iisui'i', unless tlir wm'ds m- liiiui-t-; ;ip]M';i r- Iii.i: at the tiuif of takiim' tlir aHidavit {<> ln' wiiiicn mi tlic crasiir.." nrc rc-writti'ii iiinl si.Lrn.'d or iuitiah-d in tin- uiai-uin nl' the allidavit liy tlif nlli<( siicii sniicii,,r is t.i l,e adiniiti'd. iinless the Judye .shall (nherwise direct. Ki:i;isTU.\i:s. 44(ll>. the re.uistrar of the Cmut in wiiich aiiidieatieii is to he made may pfepare the applicatinn and all ether leniis es- sai'y in min-cdiitentimis laisiiie; s. wilhmit the iiiter\-eiili 1)11 i)| a solicitdi-: l,ut in no otliei- <'ase shall he prepare the j.apers f.,r Kraut. And in no other case shall ])licant or his solieilor. either directl\- or iiidin applii-aiimi or other paiiers to any pei-s practicable, lie tliat jirescrilied liy the Consolidated I tice of tile Supreme Court of .ludiciiiire for Ontaiin olitain pi'oliate or iules o! I'rai .'!. Ill contentious jiroce as nearly as mav lie. corr in tlie Hi,i:li Cmirt aft ediii-s the [iractiee and procedure shall, esiimid Willi the practice and iirocednre er appearaiii'e entered. 4. If the party who has eiitereil an ap|iearance shall not u due diliireiice in the proseeiitim: of tli may olitain a summons callin-- upon 1 procei-dinv's the applicant lim to show caiisi' wli\- lie should not tile a iili'.a within ;i limiti/d tim why L't-tuit should not lie niadi>. e. or in default thel-eof Any person not named in the petition or in t .7ud,u:e iiiiiy intervene and a he order of th ppear thereto on a till ivit show- iiifT that he is interested in t le estate of tlie ileceaseil. 442 ?:xECLr<)i{.s and ad.mimsika loits. (>. 'I'lie piirty opiKisiiiu' n will iiuiy, with Ills statfni''Mt of (1(>. fence, i:ive iiiitiee to tile iifirt.v setting: 11)1 the siimj> that he inerely insists iipnii the will lieini;- pru\(i| in suliMini furni n\' law. au'l sn, and shall h.' siihjeet f(i lialiility in res[)ect of eosts in the diseretinn of the .Iiid'.'e, 7, If any defendant make laiiitiff may ohtaiii a snmmons lallinir n|ion the ilefemlant to show cause why ^'raiit shonld not he made without further proceeding's, S, In any case not provided for and which, there is no aniilo-ons practice in the lli-h Conit, the party desiring- to imrsue ;i cliim. remedy or ri-ht, may apply io tlir .hidire for direction and order as to the colirsi; to h(> plirsi|(-(l 1. 'I'he following shall he the tariff id' fees to he taken hy the ■re .'si. "lO 'J. Hpceiviri;:: and examinimr pap'^rs and enteriiiLr application.. 1 00 o. Ever.v necessar,\- notice t<> surroLrate cl'rk 12.") 4. lieceivinjr and enterinir certilic.ite '_'.') r>. IJecordin.!; every hond witli airnhivits of .jnstiticati m and execution 1 (»0 Ci. id) On ever.v irrant (d' letters id' adininisir;i;ion where the property devolviuir i:> nndiT .Sl.iMMf 1 00 (hi .SI. (»()(» and uuiler .S4.IMII) '2 (Ht (ri i<4.(H)() and r.nder .SKi.tMMi :! dO ill) .'<10,(lO(l and under .Slii/.0(M» 4 (H) II I .^L'O.OdO and ui)\vards .") 00 7. Snliinittin:.' ii;ipi'rs with rei:istrar's i-eport thereon to .ludv'i' to lead Lrrant ,"0 5. liecordiii.i.' srant or other instruments under Rule 4i). or hit- ters of {ruardiausliip, per folio 10 '.•. l-'or iii'eiiariiij: [irohate rir letters (d' aclministralion or of f-niardianship issued under seal (d' the ("ourt. each instrument 7.'> TO. Ditto—If jrrant is special 1 (lO 11. Transcript of will, per fol'o 10 1-. ("(M'tilied co|iy of will in addition. iir-r f(dio 10 l.">. DrnwincT sjiecial orders or other jiapers dii'Octed )iy .Tvidi^e, ]ier folii> 10 14. 'rakin? every .ifliihwit oi' administerinir oath to a witness. . 'JO L". Atteiidin;: and enteiinjr e\ery order or minute 50 < statonif'iit of (lt>. mi> tli.'it In,' inert'ly II 111' law. aii'l (iiily I ill s\i|)iiurt (if ilii' I) sii, .'iinl sliall hi' 'otinii of tlu' .Imliri'. ml '_'.') -tidi-ation and 1 OO on wJu'i'i' till' 1 00 li ( )( t :i (10 4 (H) .') 00 rtMiii to .Iiiilirc no Lule ti). or lot- 10 ^tration or ol" • Coni't, o:\rh T-') 1 (10 10 10 toil )iy .luilii'e, 10 :o a witness. . '20 50 .M'i'iiNDlX 11. — .SKI.HCiHK UL'lJvS (»{•• S1.'1{1{m(;a IK ('cUUr. IC. i;viry siinmioiis or orilor, ninl cvory instfiiniciit of otlior prori'ss iiiiijor seal, not othorw iso iirovidcil lor, it |iroiiaroii liy tlio roLiist ra i'. por lolio. inriiiilin;; loo lor sealiiij,' .S '20 17. For liMikini,' up uri;j;iiial will or in>triinioiit ami inspL'ctiuii, or for goneral senrcii into pri.i-.'filini:s ."lo is;, i:\ory otlier .search lio 10. i;viTy necossary cortiticato jri'iintiii I'y roiristrar .'lO 20. K.xoniiiliriofition iindor seal 1 dO If cxri'i'ilintr .") folios, p^r foli tllo o.xn^ss. . lo '-'1. I'or dopositiiiu' every w'll of a liviiiL: porson for safe eiis- tiiily, iiiiliidinj; a defiosit reeeipi .")0 '-'2. Issiiin- every siiliiioena ,")() -.">. ■\\'ritiii'_' every necessary letter 2." '24. I''ilinir every necessary paper 10 '2~>. .\tti mlini.' audit, inclndini^ tiiiiiir necessary papei's thereat. .'lO 'JO. l"or taximr costs and firantinu: eertilicale ."lO -T. K iviiiLr, entering and filins caveat ."o •JS. Waniiii;,' to caveat and entering: the same .',n '2'.K I'iKt.'i-e and stamps and all oilier necessary ilishnrsenienls to he added in all cases. (Xo i'ce allowed for liliiiLT paper in non-n nleiitions Imsi- ness before probate or letters v'rantcdl. On proof of Will in Solemn I•^lrnl. and In proceediii'^'s for rovokinL; lirobiite. or letters of administration, or for the removal of a friiardian. 1. If the iiroceediii;,'s are disputed or contentious, the samo fees may be charged by the re,:,'istrar as in contentions pro- ceedings. -. If the iiroceedings are nmlisputed the stmie cliar-es may be made by liim as in iion-contentiuis iiroceedings. IT. Registuau's Fees— ( 'oNTEXTiofs lifsiNESs. 1. KeoeiviiiL'. enlering, and tiling caveat, and transmitting no- tice thereof to surrogate elerk .>> 7.") -. Warning to caveat, and entering same ;;ii '.',. lieceiving. entering a. id liling bend on aiipeal L'.'i 4. Searehimr I'or. making uj) and transmitting pajiers to Coiiu of Appeal or High Court of .IiisUce ,'.0 O. lOvery certificate for which no other fee is payable ."o (i. On every citation, siinmions or Judge's order .lii 7. Search in registrar's books or files 'Jo 5. Lookimr uii original will or instruiuent. and insp.- -tion, or for general search into proceeiliiii,'s :;o 0. I'iiing oMiy necessary paper lo 10. IMliiiL' and entering every paper reiinired to be miauled. ... 10 415 I iBl ill- 441 11. rj. i;!. 34. 1.1. ic. 17. v.). L'l. Oil K.MlcrTnltS ANI> A DM i N ISI'K \'l'( HtS. Ilhiiiiiitr I'viTv ii'ciircl ni issue ili'imsiicil Im- til:il •$ ."iH J'^vcry suliiitrtiii ."id AdmiiiistciiiiL; '>atli m- tiikiiiir iiii .Hliiliivil J(j JOiitcriiij;- (Icrrcc, or nrdcr in |uiisu;iiici' nl' Jiuluiiiciit. if uiiilcr li\c I'djids .'lU 1 f ii\ cr ti\(' i'dIIds, Jul' riijii) 10 lOhti'rinu' v\fvy urdi'i- ni (|c( rci- n'i|iiii'iii;; tn ho riiiriiMl in the ("uiii't I !•;. Hut iithfrwisc spccilifil, piT Inlid., Id Issiiini; iViT.v wiit iimlii- muI nf tlie ('iiurt. cxcciil sii1i|ih,miii .'id i''(ir i'V(i\ iillicc r(i|iy of cxlriict 111' ;i iiiiniili', tirilcr. linri'c. (ir iitlicr iliiciiiiirin lilnl ci- (lc|iiisilcii in tlic diiici- of till- rfL:isti'in', jicr I'nli Id l''ipf till' sen), in iiilclitinii tu tlic t'df, I'.ir tin' i-npy. Jind cdl- lai inir. it' ri'ipiiri'il -•'• I'lMTy n(vessai\v letter -•'> 'I'iixinL' I'vcry liill ul' cd^ts. anil ;;i';uil inir icrliliiiiii' ^'1 All iintlays lur pdst:iui's ami stain|is us dishursi'il Id Im' added in all cases. A lief idlitentidns lir.ieeeclinus .-I I'd ildSed and a d'-cfee t'df pl'O- hate jrfaiiti'd, df letters dl' adniiiiistratidn have hei'ii de- creed td eiilier party, the registrar in addiiidii id the fdre.L'idn.i: fees, sliall he entitled to receive lef liusiiie-s ddiie the like I'ees as in iiiin-cdiitcntidiis casi's. pi'ddf df Will in Sdleinn l^'drin ,'ind in pruceedinL's lur revidiinu' pi'dhate. (ir letters ef adininistratidii, (ii- fcir tie' reiniiv.il nf a Lrnai'diaii. If the prdeei'dini.'s iii-e ilisputed ur ciintentidiis the same fees may he cliarired hy the I'eirislrar as in cdiiieiiiidus pro- coedinLTs. If the pri>eeediiit:s are iiudisputeil the same fees ma\ lie eliar;;'ed hy him as in iKtn-cdntentidns pi-deeedini:s. Al'I'KNIliX III. - ll.TsT (itld'oltATlnNS. 145 . . . -S .' < > . . . . .'ii I — j(j .if . . . . .'<> 10 i| ill iu.. in ( I' n 1 1 '•0 ■I'cc. ,• nl' . . . . lo ,■(.1- rhiir^cil APPENDIX III. r)i;i)i:Hs of roi'KT iiKi.ATiXd To Titrsr COKrolJATlOXS- ^'.H. 'I'lic .hid^ifs may aiTiiiiiri' wiili t'lf 'roruiiio (itncral Tnisis ('i>m|)aii.v tu iiiaki' iiivestnit'iits. and to take tlie scniiitirs in tlu- uaiiie cpf the accoiiiitaiit of llic Siiiir-iiic Court of .liiiliiatiiic, of iiioiuMs III Court.. upDii lirst iiiort,i,'a;,'i'.s of lauds, and iiia.v diiciT tlif issiif i)( 1. it is |u'ovided that the invest- ment of the moneys in Court \>y the 'I'oi to ({eneral Trusts (.'om- paiiy shall he suhject to the approval of the oliicial guardian of the Hiiudi Court of .lustice for Ontario: And whereas, the said olIi.Mal guardian has expressed liis desire to he relieved of the duty in (iiiestion: It is ordered, pursuant to secti,,;... 114 and 11.' of the Judica- ture Act. that James S. Carturiirht, Ks(iuire. the repistrnr of th(> Qiieen-s ISeiich Division of the said Ili-li Court of Justice, he a|)- pointed in the place nf the said ollici.il -uardian to dis.har-e the said duty: and that the said the Torout,. Ceneral Trusts (."omi.;uiy is to satisfy the .said registrar ,,f the (,>ueeii's I'.eiofh Division of the security as to value, and th.-it he cTtify the same to C.-urt heCore che'iues issue for each investment, and tlie s;iid company is to pay into Court, to the .-redit of tlie surplus interest funds, the fees heretofore paid to the said .ptli.ial .-ii.-irplian hy the sai,", .■.puiiiauy in respi'ct (pf said services. Toronto ( It'iicral Trusts ( 'oiiipimy enipipW- crcd to iiKike Iii- VestlncIltM ipf funds ill Cipurt. Invest- llients of funds ill Court. into effect 1st Septemher. ISHT *Tliese orders are continued hy Onler SI ,,f Rnhs whi.h en me vO <^y^ ^-^o. '^. •* ^. I v-^ V .%^ ^$ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) y A {/ ,<4 :/. % % %> w- i^r Us fA 1.0 I.I 1.25 11.28 1125 m 1.4 IM M !.6 P 7i 'O ^\ ... * V ^ f Photographic Sciences Corporation iV ^^ Ll>^ \\ % V 6^ ^J^ %^,» •^ % 17 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY MS80 (716) 872-4S03 C/j 446 KXECLTOItS AND ADMINISTKAToKS. APPENDIX IV. i W !• i '1 ^ HI H. S. (). .-. 70. An Act ivspcctinj;' tlie Admiiiistnition l)y the f'rowM of Kstatt's of Intf.states. fl I'M M.X.IKSTV, l.y ami witli flic (nlvico iiinl lonsont -.f tin- i.cclslatlvc .Vssi'inlily nf tlio rntviiicf nf (Jiitaiio. oii;i- tr.-itioii lii:iV is>ii(' to til.. At toriiiv- w hiri- iioiiiiiici- uf til.' <"iM\vn 111 titliMJ to AdiiiiiiiK- t.r. AtUtin^y- tain Li't t. IS uf Ad- iiiiiiistra- liini « lull' lilt. Stat. I.'avf 111' liiiiiwii n- latn.- uitliin till' l'iii\ iiii'f. ft.'. Ki^'lits anil lialiili fif.. Ill" Attipiii.y ( ifticral t.i v.'st ill his MU'ccs mtrft. :. li- ■ often its the I^iciiteiiaiit-* t.pvcrii.ir. Iiy a warriuif ninl.-i- his pri.., ircal, l.s pleased t.> dirt-.t 11. -r Majesty's .Vtlniiicy-l J.ii.i'.il for <->!itariw to apply foi- and ohtiilii Icltci-s of ndmliiistfatioii i w h.-ilifi- ;:t'iu'ral ov liiiiitccli of tin' .-slat.' ainl clfccts of any person dvlnu' intestate, or intestate as to soin.' part of his estate, wlier.', in ic>piit of the Interest of Her Majesty In the estate and efTects. the a.linin- istrathm may l»c ri;:htfiilly Ktanti-.l to a nominee of ller Maj.-sty. it shall lie lawful for any ctinpelent Court, np.iii application, in jnir- fiiinnce of such warrant, to uiiint a.lministration to the Attorney- >r ami olitiiin letters of iidniinistrati.iii. wli.'tli.i licm'- ral or limited, of the esfat.- ami elTects ol such ii.'rs.ui: ami it shall lie lawful for any c.impetent rourt up.m aiiplication in pursiiain'.^ .)f the w.arrant to irranl ailministrati.m to the Attorney-t i.'n.'ral, f.ir the use and lienelit of ller Majesty, or .if su.li iieisons as may ulti- mately appear to lie entitle. 1 ther.t.i. M. S. n. ISST, .-. .">!l, s. -. .'{. The a.lministration so granted, ami the ollice .if administrator under the yrant. with all the estates, rijrhts. duties, and lialiilities .if sti.'h adnilnlstrat.ir. shall, upon the death, resignation, or r.'inoval of th.' Attoniey-fieueral for Ontario for the time lieinir. .l.'x.ilv.' upon iind lie.-ome vested and contiru.' in th(> su.'.'.'pdinir .Vttoni.'v- (Jeneral. liy virtue of his iipp.iintment, an.l so In ii"ip.'tn,'il su.-.-es- si.iii. without any further irrant of administration or any iissimi- ment or transf.-r of the .'states .if the a.lmlnistrat.ir: ami :ill ii.'tions, and other procee.linns whatever by or against the Attoniey-C'n.'r.ir ^Ait HKMKDIKS — MA'ITKHS AKKKCTINJJ I'lKJC'EDUKK. u: CrowM «>r .lit ->f ill.- ri.i, oiui.ts t uii.i.T hi-i JeinTiil I'"' n (wlu'ihtT »rsi)ii .lyiiic •, in rr-|i.'- ;.Mi.'ral. for ;is may nltl- V.l. s, -J. .liiiiiiistrat.tr ml llaliilitifs .11- r.'iii.>val il|'_', ilfV.llVl' !•_' Attuni.-y- • mal sii.'.'fx- aiiy assJL'ii- 1 mU ai'ti.ins, •iio\ -( I.-immmT for tlic litiic liciiiir, as siirli adiiiliiistrator at the tiiiw ..f lils iI.Mtli. I'..\vti- 1.. resliciiatliiii. or rouioval, shall o.iiiiiinic, uii.l may hi- iiniceiMled with. '''\" . ' .\(liiiiiii> Ity. Ill lavonr of, aiitl aKaliist the Hiiccfediiii; Attiirm\v-(>iMieral, In initi.m. like niaiiiuT; siiviiiK always, the cfft'ct of cvi'ry liniltatioii in .liira- tioii, or otiurwise, uiulcr tlie terms of tlu- Kraut of such adiiiliilstr.i- tlon, and savlnj; tn miTy •'.tint hiivln« jurisdiction in this hidialf nil siicli right and aiitlii.rity to revoke or repeal such adiniiiistratinii ns the Court would have had during th nitinuanco of a like ad- ministration granted to a noiniiiee .if Iler Majesty in case this A.t had n.il li'.) s. ;;. 4. It shall not l.e necessary f.ir the Atloriiey-< ioiieral aiuilyiiiu' .Security for (ir (ilitaliili'n grants of ndintnlstration tu the use or lieiielii ..t f"i' due ..... ■ . . . II .Vdiiiiiiis- llei' .Majesty, to enter into, or cause to he entered into, any li.iii.l tiiitimi to the .iiidgi' of the Surnigate Court; hut the Att.irney-< Jeiieial shall, .lis|>.iis..l 111 relation to every such administration, he suhj.-ct to all the llaliili- V !,'•,. ties aud duties imposed on an administrator liy the condition .>l tli.',,t .Att.'i- boiiil piesi-rihed l»y the rules and orders now in force, or hereafter '"*.^*'"'- made under the Surrogate Courts Ad. U. S. (K 1S,S7, c. ."»;». s. 1. ',,'i„ ',!,„, diti.iii .if r». Wliere a.lministrali.Mi is grant.-d t.i th.- Attoriiey-< t.-neiMl. Im.h.I. the Lieiitenant-tioveriior in Coum il may direct the sale, either liy 'f''.^- f^tiit. c. •»*.*. nucti.in or private sale, of any real estati? or interest therein in |>,,\s,.rt.. tMilari.i, to which the intestate died entitled: and the Attorii.-y- mH r.al (Jeiieral shall thereupon he authoiize.l to sell in aicordaiico witli ' ."''V ** " ' tin- 111- the directions of any (tr.ler in Coiiinil in that hehalf, the wlmle or t.^tat. . any part of the real estate af.U'esaiil, and to convex I hi' same to the piirelinsor: and every ...iiveyance liy tin .MtoiiKy- treiieial. or his successor in otiice, shall he as valid ami efTe.tual ;is if the deceased were alive at the liino of the making thereof, aii'l had executed tlu' same. K. S. (>. 18*^7, c. ,V.t, s. ,1. i;iK'iit>..t ri'l:iti..ii> after th-' i>,-iii- .it A.liniiiis t rati.. II. ti. In ease, suliseiiuently t.i the grant <>f adniinistratl.iii. it is alleged or ascertained that the deeeased has relatives, or did not die intestate, the Attoriiey-tJeiieral may. if he thinks ht. exeni-^.'. sulijei't to the discretion of 'he Lleiitenant-( iovern.ir in C.iuin-il. ail or jiiiy of the powers liy this A.-t .'onferreil. until sum.' person is appointed liy some court of com|icteiit jurisdiction to deal u ith th.- esf.'ite of the deceased; ;iiid, notw it listan.liiig such appointment, any sale made in pursnaiicp of this Act may he complete.l hy the e.xecu- tloii hy the Attorney-t ieiieitil of a coiiveyan.'e; and until the revo.'a- ti.iii of the letters granted, the Attorney -Ceneral may e.vercise fully all the powers vesteil In him as administrator of the estate of the de.eased. H. S. < >. ^SH~, c. .-><», s. »!. 7. Where adiiilnlstration is tak.'ii out iin.ler tin- provisions .it jiii.nuryu- this Act. the Attoriiey-deneral may apply to the High (,'ourt for'"'''*' an order for th " making of such impiiries as may lie neeessary t.i n*!.,. determine whether or not Her Majesty Is entitled to any portion of Majer.ty. * >^i 448 KXKCI Tons AM) ADMINISTHAIOHS. Hi I!ci'l>\ <•!•>• \>y Crown (if niil ••»• tatfiif 1 ■<■!•• nulls (lyin}.' iiitfstutf nn. Wli.n Attnimy- (Jfiu-riil tin* estate :ni«'iit iiiadf ii|Miii such iii>|iiii'y slinll. iiiih'ss revt-rsi i| mi apitt-al. lie tiiial anil coiiciusive. K. S. ( >. ISS", c. .V.t. s. 7. S. ill Wlicrc a person dies in possession of. or entitled to real estate in Ontario, intestate as to sinli renl est.ite. vvillioiit any known heirs, tiie Atlorney-iJeneriil may apply to the lliuli Court for iiii order for the makiii;: of sikIi imiuiries as niny l>e necessary to determine whether or not Her Majesty is entitled to any jinrtloii of tiie real estate of tlie deceased on mcoiiiit of Ids dyiii« Intpstate. and without lielrs; ami any jiid^'inent or order >:lvcn upon sudi iii- nuiry shall, unless reversed on apjieal. Ite tiiial and eonelnsive. Cil Where the Attorney-* leiieral Is entitled to apjily under the precediiij^ snli-seetlon. lie may brinjr nii actlo!i either in his own name, or on liehalf of Her Majesty, or In the name of Her Majesty, to recover possessior of the real estate of the deceased, and shall lie entitled to jiid>rineiit ami to recover possesslnii. unless the person elaliiiiii); adversely shows that the deceased did not die intestate as to such real estate, or that he left heirs, or that some other per- son is entitled to the said real estate. U. S. ( >. 1SS7. c. .V.t. s. ,S. U. Where a iierson has died or dies intestate in this I'roviiice, and administration ha:< lieen or may lie hereafter ;:r;iiiteil Appiica- i 'li l>y ,- f.orni'V- (Jeiicial t'l to some person not one of the next of kin. ami it is doulitful whether oonipd an the intestate left any next of kin him siiivivin^'. or there are ■ no known next of kin resident in < tntario, the Atioriie\ -tJciieral. if adiiiiiiis- ir:iti>r in certain cases. Uisposi- tion of monevs. lie deems it in the interest of justice, may ajjjily to the Hi;rli Court for an order retiuirin^ the administrator to account for his dealings with the estate, and may iiiestinn in such proceediiifis the validity of any releases or settlements with any alleued next of kin. ami It sli.ill III' lawful for any competent Court to revoke such administra- tion, and to frraiit administration to the Attorney-CJeneral and his siiccessoi's in the ollice of the Attorney-* ieneral. Out. Acts. ISSHJ, c. 14, s. ,S2. l(t. ^loiieys realized from estates to which the .\ttoniey-t Jenerul is administr:ilor under this .\ct. shall lie kept in a separate accnunt In such hank, or invested in such manner as the Lieutenant-! Jovi-r- nor may froin time to time aitpoint. and all moneys wliiili have heeii unclaimed for ten years shall, from time to time, ho paid into the Consolidated Uevenue Fuml of Ontario. 1{. S. O. 1SS7. c. .V.t. s. 11. 11. Any pei'siin i>rovi!;i.' title to such moneys shall he I'lititled to receive the same, with interest, at such a rate as the I.ieiitenant- llltcivsl aijciwahli' t(l pl'l'snll eiititK lto{). s. 10. ioMi "wri iiiluiiu'iit lie tiiial 1 to rt'iil lioiit iiiiy ,:li Court icrcssary y |iiirlliill Inlcstiito. such in- sive. luilcr the wn uiinie, Majesty, ami shall lie prrson iiitt'stato athtT pir- . s. S. I'roviiife, ^rrantt'tl 1 whctinT tlien- ari' iifial. If ;:li ("iiiirt dealings vali.llty II. anil it iiiiiiistt'a- I ami Ills ts. IS! Hi. y-tii'tifral O arciillllt Ilt-I JdVtT- i
  • l" INIKSrATKs. 449 l'»'. Any one riaiiiiliitf to be entllled to such estate, or to any Uijfht^. ..f interest tiicreln. or to any part of the proceeds tliercof. may apply ll'''^'""," to the llis'i Court upon petition for an order or jud«iiicnt declariii;; claiih> cm his rights Iti respect thereto: and the Court may thereupon order ''"• '•"<"'•■, such lnqulrle.s ns may he necessary to determine the same, and may linaliy adjudicate thereupon; lu't no application under this section shall he entertained unless security for costs is Klveu hy the appli- cant, in case the Attorney-tJeneral thinks fit to demand the same. n. s. u. 1SS7. 0. m, s. ii. i;>. The Attorney-tJeneral may deduct from moneys rp-eived o:i at'count of any estate, all tlisliur.>*ement8 made by him in respect to imiuiries which he inny have considered It expedient to make be- fore takliijr out administration, as well as dishur.semeuts otiierwise made by him in respect of the estate. H. J*. O. 1887, c. ."lO, s. 12. 11. Where tlie Attorney -General Is appointed or becomes admin- istrator or trustee for an estate, and he, or any of his predecessors ill the trust, has Kiven such notice as under the Trustee Act would bo sulHcient for the i)rotectlon of an administrator, the provisions of the said Act shall apply to the Attorney-Cicneral, and to the esiiite. R. S. O. 1887, c. 50, s. 1.'?. 15. After such notice, and notwlthstandlnp the ton years limited by section 10 of this Act have not elajised, the Attorney-General may pay any money remaining in liis hands, unclaimed, into the Consolidated Pevenue Fund of (Ontario; or may pay the same, or any part thei.of, or assign over personal property remaining in his hiiiids. in acconlance wltli any direction of the I of the Act resiiecting Ksciieats and Torfeitures. R. S. O. 1887. c. 50. s. 14. in. In such case no claim sliall be maintained aualnst Her Majesty, or this Trovince, In respect of any moneys or personal pro- perty paid over or nssigned to any person or persons under said section t> of the Act resi)ectin)r Escheats and Forfeitures aforesaid, or under this Act; but this sliall not prejudice tlie right of a creditor op claimant to follow the said moneys or property, or proceeds, into tiic hands of the person who may have received the same under the authority of an Order in Council. I{. S. O. 18,87. c. 50. s. 15. .\ttoriii-y- ( ielieral IIIHV I't'tuill di>lmrse llielit.M made in rt'>iH-«'t of eiKpiiricN, I'idtec- tion of J • Mtollley- General acting UH AdiiiiiiiN- trator. Kev..'>;tat., c. 1 •.".». Distribii tion of assets by Attorney- Gt iieral after notice. He\.Stat.. c. in. Her Ma iestv and th.' IV... \ ince not liable where pro- perty traiisferri il I'lit right to foljiiw pro- jierty af- t".( t-d. I{e\. .Stat, c. IM. K.E..\. — 21> 450 EXECUTOUS AND AUMIXISJ ilATOUS. APPENDIX V. R. S. O. hsy7, c. 112. An Act to Jiinend the law relating to Mortniaiii unf the sale of the land, the land ahall vest forthwith in the accountant of of two yearn. expiration the Supreme Court of .Itnlicature for Ontario, and the Hijih t^uurt shall cause the same to be sold, or the sale completed (as the case may be), with all reasonable speed by the administering trustees for the lime Iteinjr thereof; and for this purpose may make orders di- rectliijr such trustees to proceed with the sale or completion of tlie sale of such land, or removing such trustees and ap- pointing others; and may provide by any sud:. order, or otiiei'wise. for the payment of the proceeds of the sale to the said trustci's in trust for the charity, and f(U" the payment of the costs and ex- penses Incurred by the said trustees, or otherwise, in or com ted with such sale and ju'oceediiiKs. lb. c. '20. s. 't. <*.. Any personal estate by will directed to be laiil out in the pur- •has'> of land to or for the benefit of any charitable uses, shall. I'ersiiual • ■statf ilirecttur(iias«'d out of iiersonal owtato liy will directed to he laid out in the purchase of land. i.s re(iuirod for actual (.ccrpation for the puriKmes of the charity, and not as an Inve.st- incnt, may, liy order, sanction the retention or acimisltion, as the cas" may he, of such land. Ih. c. '20, s. 7. H. Money charued or secured on land or other personal estate arising from or connected with land, shall not he deemed to he suh- ject to tiie jirovlslons of the statutes known as the Statutes of Mort- main, or of Charltahle T'ses, as respects the will of a person dyinp on or after the 14tlr day of April, 1SS>2. or as resiH'cts any other >;rant or ^ifr made after the said date. Ih. c. 20. s. S. !>. The jurlsdi,.tion of the Ilijih Court under this Act Is to l#e p.venised hy .n Jud>re in Chamhers or otherwise, and may T)c ex- ercised In a summary manner so as to avoid all unnecessary expense. Ih c. I'O. s. \). 451 Power ture |H'i>i)n- ilitV. K\eivi>e of juritdic- tioii uf HiKl. Court. lt». This Act affects only devises or leuaeles which, prior to the 14tli day of April. ISUl'. would have heen void, an.l shall not bo construed as taklnjr away any ri>;ht prior to that date, hy statutw or otherwh?, possessed hy any corporation; nor shall this .\ct ho construe,! as expressly or hy implication afTecthiK any actions then pendinj:, or any question whatever therein. Ih. c. 20. s. 10. Act tn apply only to let,'iu'ies void. ; I ^1 -^ ' J 452 KXIXITOHS AND A DMINlsTKATol'.S. APPENDIX VI. Distrilmtion Sections ol" iliu Duvcjlution of KHtatos Act, U. S. U. l.s»J7. o. 127. Iiiu Tpn' tutimi. •1^ 3 It "Land." "Pur oliaser. scent. "|)f'sf tlie.v oinir in llie ne,\t fourteen sections, nuiidjered from 'S.\ to .'{y any partition, hy the efl'ect of which the land lieconies (lart of, or descendiltle in the same manner as, other land aciiuired hy descent: .'5. " Descent " shall mean the title to inherit land liy reason of eolisnnKiiinity. as well wliere the heir is an !incestor or collateral relation, as where he is a - liild or other issue; 4. "Descendants" of any ancestor shall exteml to all persons wh(t must trace their descent throujrh such ancestor: .'. "The person last entitled" to land nhnll ext«Mid to the last persfiii who had a ripht thereto, whether he did or did not ohiiiin the possi'ssioii or the rec»'ipt of the rents and profits thereof: (>. "Assurnnoc" shall mean any deed or instrument (other than n will) l»y which any land may he conveyed or transferred at law or in eiiuity. 11. S. O. 1S,S7. c. lOS. s. 11 (l-C). DESCENTS BEFORE 1 ST JI'I.V, 1S.'54. 23. This Act shall not extend to any descent which took itlace on the dentil of any iterson who died before the first day of .Iidy, 1S34. R. S. O. ISST, r. lOS. s. 12. ill 'Fl AI'I'KXIJIX VI. — DEVOLl-TIOX <»F KSlAIKs ACT. 453 I>K8CENT8 SINCE IST JULT, 1834. 24. 'I'lif iif.M six sfctioiis (if this Art, iiiniilicrcd t'l-niii Lt.'t ti> ■"•o intliisivf, NJiall in>i havr i(|icrati llii' sixth May of Matih, ls;!4, so ns. liy furcc nf iiii.v "f tlicir prDvisiMiis, to i-ciidtT any titU' valiil. wliicli in rccanl til any partiriilar t'statt- liail. |irir may lit- in any suit wliiili was i|t'|icn; mi tliat day. ailjinljrfil invalid nn acconnl of any defect, iniiierferiinn, matter ^^v tliiniL' \\ liirli is liy such sections altered, sn|i|ilied or reinedieil; Init in every sin h case the hiw in rc'jrard to a'ly such defeit. im|ierfection, liody or any of his aiic«'stors, or under any limitation liavinu' the matter or tiling, shall, as a|i|ilied to sin h title, he deeme<| and taUeii to lie as if those sections of this Act had ii'it lieen passed. K. S. <), is,H7, <•. ids. s. i:;. 25. Ill every case v i>:irt thereof. It. S. (). 1S.S7, c. UlS, s.-l.'i. 27. A\'here a person aiiiuires land hy purchase, under a limi- tation to the heirs, or to the heirs of the Imdy ur any of liis an- cestors, cdiitaiiieil in an assurance executed after the lirst day of .Inly, ]S."{4. or under a limitatinn to the heirs, or to the lieirs of tlie same effect, contained in a \\U\ of any testator clyin;: after the lirst day of '.Tuly, \S'M, then and in any of such cases, such land shall ilesceiid, and the descent thereof shall he traced as if the ancest«Tr mimed ill such limitation had been the purchaser evi n nee- l|i>ll-< lli.t til iiperafe rftriii»|M-c- tivflv III (•••rtaiii CllHCH. I>e^ccl|t shiill ill- ways lie tllU_-ii| fl'iilM the pun lia-cr. \V|lM t.i U- e. Iiii|i. Act. H J \V. iv. c. liifi, >. ;t. Where heii» take by pur- clia.M- un- der limita- tinn* In the hi il-i of their an- eestiir the lalKl >hall de.-celid, as if the an- ccster had been the iiiirtlia>er. Imp. -Act, ,H W. iv. c. lUtl, s. 4. 4C> KXKCIIOKS ANh AI»MIN|VlHATnHS m |;^l- ■1 1 iH i; Alt' I III)' (ti'iiili I if li |iii>.iiii «f liiiiiii'il, III" lit •", I'll iliiiiiM limy iiilii't'il. Iiii|>. Arl, ;j J W. iv. r. HMi, N. I.f «'Hlr\ I IV lii'ii'H iml iii'i'i'NHiirv. I. inula tll>ll-< iiiiuli- liilnii' In! .liiU, tsti to Ihr lii'iix iif It |irr^iin IIh'Ii li\ in^' ■ Isl ilii.\ III' ■liil.\. I^'M It. S. (►. |SS7. I lOS. ,K. 17 20. ri'iHir III' i'nir\ |i\ ihr Inir ni'iii' ihi' ilnilli <>| ihi' iuiii'sinr shiill III III! riisi' III' iii'i'i'ssiiry ill urih'i' in iuuM' title in "inli lii'ir, nr in liny ihtmiiii iliiiiiiin^' li> •'■ llinnmh Inin. U. S ( >, I.SH7, r. ItW. s. I.S 30. Wlii'ir aii\ n.-iMinii 'MTiitftl liiriuf lln' Miiil liisl ihiy "I .Inly, l.s:tl. nr Hi*- will of any imtsum w Im iliiil litrnii' ilmi iliiy, (iinliiiii-^ IIII.V liiiiiliilinii m ^ill in (lif Inii' nr Inirs ni' imv ih'I-nhii limllT \\ llirll Ihr iHTsnli nr liiTsnlis llllswrrinL: till' ilt'Sifipl inn iif lii'ir is I'liliihil In nil I'slntr liy iniii liiisi-. linn lln- ihtmui nr iirrsnns wlln wniilil IlllM- iilisNM'i'ril Mli'll ilrsi'l'lpl inn nt' heir it' llli''< .\<'l hinl lint llllll piissnl sIdiII Ihi niin- I'lililhil li\ virliii' nf sin h liiniliilinn or nifl, wlirtln-r lln- pi-rsnii nniiiril lis iiiiri-slnr wiis nr wns nut liviim on or nl'lrr tin- sniil lirsl ilny nl' .Inly, l.si'.l. \l. S. it. IS.S7, I'. 1(».S. s. lit. i>KHi'i';.N'is iti'-.i-u I'ii'-.N Is'r .iii.v. \XH. a.m> \ht .lAsr.Miv, |.s."i"_'. 31. .\s ri'spi'i'ls rvi-ry ili'smil iK'twcm lln- lirsl ihiy of .Inly, l.S.'tl. mill Ihr Ihirly-lirsl iliiy n|' I iririnlirr, I'S.M, Imih iliiys inilnilril. ami as rrsprrts any drMirnl nut iiirlinlnl or proviilril t'nr in ihr srrllons of this .\rl iillinlirrril rrolil II In liT, liotli inrlnilnl, Ihr t'lil- lowillK srrlioiis. nilinlirrril from ."I'J In .'tli, linlli itlrlmlril, shall apply rrtrosprilivrly In Ihr lirsl iliiy of .Inly, ls;il, ami also pmsprrlivily, as Ihr rasr may hr, ami shall li«> ronstninl as if liir siiinr hail lirm liassril nil Ihr saiil lirsl ilay nf .Inly. is:t». |{. S. ( >. IS.S7. r. lo.s, «. lil. 32. No lirolhrr or sistrr shall lir ciiisiilrrril m inhrril inimnll- ntrly iroiii his or lirr lirnihrr nr sisirr, Iml rvrry ilrsrrni rrnni a brolhrr nr sisirr shall lir Ii!ii

    34. Nmii' III' lli<> hitilrriiiil iiiii'c>«iiir« nf llii- imt'iiii rimn ^^ li'iiii Th)- iiiiili< llir ill -.ri'hl '\H In III' lliirnl, nnl' IIIIA nf lliiif i|i-«i clulii III •■ . -Iilill |„. '""■'" •'<• ciljiiilili- iif ililM>rililit; iinlil nil hi- iiiiIitiihI him r-lnr- nlnl tlii'ir ili- ' ri'iiil I III- liiiM' I'tiili'il; iiml im riiiuili' inili innl niiii'-^liir uf »iii |i |l)'r~« iiiiilf imli'i'iiiil iiinfHinri mill llirir i|f»i riniiini- Ii.im- , ',' ii- ' ' ' ■• I »> . IV. I:iili'i| jiMJ 1,11 ii'iiiiili' iiijili'i mil :iiiii' iiiiv ufi liitl, ^, 7. Iii'l' i|i'-i I'liilnlilx, "liiill III' (ii|iiilili' III iiilii'i'll iiiL' iiiilil nil llii mull' iiitili'i II 1 1 mil i'mIiii'-' iiihI llii'ir i|i'-i I'liilntili Iiwm' I'iiiIiiI. I(. S. O. 1SS7. . liis, ». -J I. .'15. \\ hill- iIhii- is II iiiiliiri' >•(■ iiiiili' |iiiiii iiJil iiiiii'-iiii'' ;i I'liilnii' ul' iii.iii' iiijitii'tiiit tin' iiintln r niK I'-liii'-- lit siicli |ii-i'siiii, mnl llii'ir i|i-c.'iii|niil -. Ilii- iiinlliir nf lii-i "'''""'' '"' llllltl' IllUl" iiniii' I'l mull' mull' imiliTiiiil mi<'i"'. -liiill •>'■ ,,,,,i;^ii,i. llli' lii'ir ur lull's nf sinll lii'l'-nn, in jm lil'liii' In tin llinlllif ul' .1 llli|i. Art, li"-- niiiiilr mull- iiuili'iiiiil niHi-lur mnl Inr ili'^riinlnni -. K. ^. '* •', t W n IHS". I'. lltS, s. LT !■. 10«, H. >-. IIIIIClll- -iilii :l 1SS7. 36. Any inTHon nlnttil In llic ihtxihi frum whom tlic iji-icr'tif ||„|f |,|,^^| is 111 In- li'iiri'il li.v llii' linir liliMiil, -linll 111' i'ii|inlili' nl lii'iiik' hi" hi'lr. t'l iiiln-nt iiinl llii' |iImm' ill whirli nin -iii li I'l'lnlinii li\ llii' linll' M I simH slninl ill ll ritiT 111' ilihi'i'ilmii'i'. -n ;i-< tu In- I'lilitliil In iiilii'rit. t.h.tKl i,f shiill If iir\l iil'lcr iiiiy I'i'hiliiiii in lln- siiiiii' iji'ifiii- nl' Ihr w Imlc •'''• """•" lilnnil mill his ismic. \\ hrn- llii' iniiiiiinn niiii-inr i« n iiuili'. mii| iii'xr iiflfi" llic 1111111111111 mni'sini' whiTi' -mil ininmnn miri'sinr i- n fciinih'; Ml llnit Ihf lii'nlhi'r nl' ihi- li.iir lilnml nn ilm |inrl nf tin'.; | w n' fnllnr -linll inhiTil iicvl nflir Ijii- -i-lii- n|' ihi- ulinln li|n.,i| nn tli.' '. l tir^^t iln.\ ni .(miliary. Ik twi'i-n IS.'iL'. iliclilsivf, nml nl-n jii'n-jM'rl ivi'h . n- thi- iii-n m.iv l..-. •■iinl ', sli.'ill 111" cnnslriicil iis if tin- smin" hml Ihi'H ims-i-ii mi tlic -niil lii-i ilay !*:,•_', of .I.iiiiinry. 1.S.V_', Imt sfftions ."'.S tn .'i.'i inclii-ivi- -iiiill imt npiily if)-'"'' 1^' (•stall's of iKTsoiis ilyinjr on nr nfhr tin' ili-i i!.i\ i,( .Inly. Issi',: nml' ■' st'i'limis ."i; tn liT ini'liisivc sli.-ill. ns in tin- n-intis nf -m h i.'ist IlU'lltinlicil IMTSnns. !l|i|ily nlily sillijiit In tin- |iln\ j sjnii - nf -I'llinli, 1 to "Jl inclnsivt'. tiO V. <•. 1."., s. ."{. 4rtVi KXECUTOKS AND A nMINISTUA I oHS. ;* 1 J ' ii f liit or fur the life of aiiotluT (I'Xrciit iis in sortioii ."lU is cxrriitfiji in lamK, tfiiftiifiits anil hfi-cdilaiiifiits in Onlurio, Init not sinli as aii- ilttir- iniiu'il or ('XtiiiKiiislit'd l>.v tin' ilcatli of tin- intestate seiseil «ir ims- sessed thereof, or so otherwise entitled theret<», nor to leasi-s for years; and L*. " Inlieritauce," as therein used, shall he iinderstond to niean real estate as herein delined, desreiided or siicee»'de )'>T. Iioth im Inded, any peison is deserihed as livin>r, it sliall he understood that, he was living at the time of the ilealh of the intestate from whom the descent or succession came, and where any iiersmi 'm deserihed us haviiiK died, it shall he understood ihat he died liefort.' such intestate. It. S. t). 1SN7, c lUS, s. lil». 40. AVliere in any of the said sections the e.\()ressiiins " where the estate comes to the intestati> on the |»iirl of the father" or ■' mother," as the case may he, are used, the same shall be con- st rued to includi* i'very case wheri* tlie inheritance came to the i.itestale hy devise, jrift or descent from the parent refeired to, or from any relative of the blood of such parent. 11, S (►. is^7, c, 1(18, s. r.(». 41. AN'hcre any persmi dies seised in fee simple nr fur the life of another of any real estate in Ontario, without havin;: law- fully devised the same, such real estate shall descend or jia^s by way of succession in iiuinner fnllowinj:, that is tu say: - Fimllii. To the lineal descendants >>[ the intestate, and those cliiiniiug by or under them. /«-c utirius; SccoiiiJIif. To his father; Thirdly. To his niothi-r; and t'ourthlii. To his (ollateral relatives sub.iect in all cases to the rules and rejrulalions hercinaficr pre- iribed. It. S. (>. ISSl HIS, ;n. As tu lie 42. If the intestate leaves several descendants in tin- direct sceinlaiits ]],„. qj lincnj descent, and all of equal dejri of cousiin^Miinity to (Icffii (•.>( iif suih intestnt*'. the inheritaiici' shall descend to such persi.ns in etjuaf foiisiui- parts, however remote from the intestate the common desroe of c(ui- *^*"""'*'- sauKwinity may be. I{. S. O. 1SS7, c, lOS, s. JVJ. ipF AIM'KXhIX VI. — l»KV((l.l'TM»N or KSTA IKS Ad, 457 43. If iiiM' iif iiHit'i' i>r ilii> I'liilili'cii iif >iiir)i iiitcxititc lire li\ iiiL' If ■"•nil' mill I'lii' (ir iiKin- hit ili'ihl, tin- irilniiiiiiicf >liiill (i»"*<(iii| tx ilic ',"'".' " rliililrtMi who iirc liviiiir. aiiil to llif ilf*liiill iiilu-rit sin ji «luiif '''"•' ''"^• UN woiihl liav<> il*>sit'iii|*>il to liiiii if all tlic < liilili'*>ii of tlu> iiil«-sali>. ||,,|,, j„ wlio liav)' ilit'il h'nviiiu i^siif. iia to such father, nnle-s I*""'"''' the inheritance laine to the intest.ite on the part of 'lis mother, ,|,',„.,.„. and siu'h mother is living': and if smh mother is dead, the inheritance dant. ri>rht dt'Nceiidiiijr on her part shall pi to the father for life, nnd the '■''^■"'''" i' |,ti',.i' '' NJoii to the lirothers and sisters of the intestate and their di seen- etc. daiits, according: to the law of inheritance l>y collateral relatives hereinafter provided: and if there are no smli lirothers and sisicrs. or their descendants liviii;.' such inheritance shall descend to tiic father. It, S, U. ls,s7, e. IdS, s, ;].'.. If (l,.lc is 11" father entitle iiilii'iit. 46. If the intestate dies wiihont deseendnnts and leaving' no father, or leavin;^ a father not entitled to take the inhei-itaiice under the last preceiiin>r si'ction. and leaving' .a mother and liroihcrs and sisters, or the descendants of lirothers and sisters, then the inheritance shall des« immI to tlu' mother diiritif,' her life, and the reversion to such lirothers or sister- of the intestate, as are living'. mid tliP descendants of such as jire dead, accordiu;: to the s.inie law of inheritance hereinafter provided: and if the intestate in such case leaves no laoiher of sister, nor any descendant of any lnoiher «)r sister, the inheritance shall descend to the mother. J{. .s. (». 1S.S7, c. lus, s. :;t;. 47. If there is no fjither and mother capahle of inheriting' the Iftli.reis estate, it shall descend in the cji-^es hereinafter spi citied to the col- inith^r lateral relatives of the intestate; and if there are .several of such ^'"'V' "'"" n ■i;),s i:xi; llii'in in ((lUiil |i!irls, linw cvfi- iciiiolc rinlll llli' illlt'NiilIt' llic rcinillH'ii i|i';;r<'(' ul' ciiliNMIIL'llillil \ lllil.x lir. i{. s. <>. ISS7. «■. Ills, s. :;7. Sucr.Hsi,,!! 4p_ I,- „|| ,||,, |„-,,||„.i-, :iliistr|v ,,|- llir illli'vl Mir :ilc li\ illU. "I'lhl M-l. IS 111"' illluTillllK .' sllilll llfS.clul IH Sllcll ImkIIicIS illlll sisllTs; illKl il" ninllliiir :\\\\ Mill' cir iiini'i- mI" tliciii tin' livin;: tiiiil ;iii,\ niic nr inure iirc ilrjiil, ')'■"''■" ihi'ii Id ilii- Iniiilii'is mill •-isii.i>. ir.icl cvcrv «( lliciii wliu ;ii-c livin;:, ;iliil III llic ilcscciiil.iiil- ul MK II Innllins ;iliil msIcis iix liiiv<' ilii-il, M> tlnil i':i< Il lii'iillu'i- 111- >is|i'r wliii is liviiiLT sluili inln-ril sudi siiiii'i' Ms wiiiilii liMM- (ii'si (■iiiliMJ III liiiii HI' licr. i r mII lin- luul Ihts ur sisters 111' llie inlrsiiiic wild liM\.' ilici! It'Mvin^' issue Iimi! lieeii livin;:, ninf S.I lliMl sin II ilesi eliilMllls sIimII illlieril '. inMl sliMles llie sliMre w liiili llieir |i;iienl, it' lixiii;:. wmilil liMve lereivrd. U. S. ( >. 1NS7, e. lUS, s. :!S. ■^^ '" ■"'"■'' 49. 'I'lie sMllle JMW III" ililierilMllre lU'esi rilieil in llie last seeliiill (lailt- 111 "^Ililll |irr\Mil MS 111 llie (illier ilirecl lilieill (lesceliilMllls iif e\ t'l'.V Itl'iilliei' uii.. ISST. e. IMS, s. ;*.!•. I' til' re I'l 50. If lllere is im heir eiililleil In iMke iiniler Mll.\ III' llie IM'e- V '.'!"""' I'llin;: lllirleeii seelimis, llie illlieril; nee if liie sMine (Mine III llie ill- iler till' pnetMlinc tfsiMle mi llie iiMft >>( liis fjitlier. slnill desieiid: i'iinlhl. 'Til tile li|-iilliers Mini sisters uf the f.-ltller uf the intes- iMle in oinial sliMres, if .mII Mfe livin,;:. Sii ondlii. If line 111' inure Mie livin;:, :ini| mie ur iiiuie Inive ilierl leM\ in;: issue, then tu sin h lirulhers :iinl sisters ms nre livin;:, :iiiil to the (leseeinliillts i>( sllell nf the sniil lifuthers ;iliil sisters .is Inivt' ilieil in eiitiMl sli;ii'es. 'I'hinlh/. If mII • inh lirulhers Mini sisters Inive dicil, then tu their deseeiidiiiits: Mini in mII sin h eases the inherilMine sIimII deseeiid in the sMine iiiMnner jis if nil sm li lirulhers miiiI sisters Inid lieeii (he brutilers Mild sisters uf the inlesljile. It. S, n. ISST. e. HIS, s, 10. I'urtliii- 51. If there he nu lirulhers ur sisters, ur ;in.v uf tlieiii, ui" tin"* |iru\i>i,,ii. |-., (]„,,. ,,|- ,1,,. iiiiesiMie, Mini im ileseendMiits ,)( such lirutliers or sisters, then the iidieritjinee sli;ill descend tu the lirutlnrs Mini sisters uf the IlMther of the inleslMle. Mini tu the deseendMlils uf sllcll of the sMid lirulhers Mild siste 's MS liMve died, ur if nil Inive died, tluMi to their desi t'lidMiits. in the sMine niMiiiier .-is if m11 smh hruthers Mild sisters liMiI lieeli the lirulhers .-iiid sisters uf the father. It, S, O. ISST, c. ins. s. -II. I'nrtlnr provision 52. In mII cMses nut pruvided fur h.v the next iireeedin;: tiftt>en if the e>- seetiuiis. where llie inheritMiice cMine to the intistjite oil tlie part tilte crtim* ... , , . 1 .. 1 1- III f .,,,, ,111,. ut Ins inuther. the same, iiisteMd ut deseendiiiy: to the hrothers Mini tiler's side, sisters of till' iiitestale's f.Mlher, ;iiid their descendants, MS prescrilied ti'shilr. Ili<> ■\cT rciimic V iiiii.v lie. :irc li\ iiiK, fis; ;iiii| ir r .'lit' ilrilil, lire liviii;:, ll.'IM- illcil, sikIi filijin- s iir sisters li\iiii:, iiiitf Ihf sliiirc S. (>. INS", ilst scclidil I'I'V Ill'lllllCf i-cvcr sihli , s. :;;i. ' til tile iii- tlic iiitcs- linvf ilicrt iii:. .-Mill to ■s MS li;ivt« I'll Id tlicir ilcsccml ill 1 llfCll tll(> ms. s. 10. •III. Ml tlu'» nitlifi's or inii sisters if siicli of (lietl, tlUMI 1 lirolliers er. U. S. iiiir titteoii tlie part itluM's and IH'eserilied Ai'i'KNitix VI - in:\<>M'Ti»>N <»i" i;sT.\ri;s A<'r 4r>'» ill sriti'li ."(», sliiill ilestelHJ ti> the lirulliiT'- tlliil .-idlers ot' llif intes- tate's lllcillier, ami to llieir (leseeiKJMIlls. as (lirei led in the la--t |i|i- eeiliiiL' seeiicin: ami ir Ilii'ie are nil sinh liroiher^ ami sisters ui- ile-1 emlallls of them, then the illhelitam e shall (le-MemI to the liiiilher> ami sisters, ami I heir ile-eemlanl -, n. Ill eases where the iliheritaiiee iliil m>| , lime til the iiile-^lMte If tstat.' 'Ill lie- part of eithir the father or the imilher. the inheiita me -hall''"""'"' ilisienil I.I the lirolliers .-iml sisters jnilh III the falhir ami mni lier f.tt'h,'i''\, ,,r iif the 'iitestiile ill ei|iial -hares, ami |i. their i|e-eem!;iiil -, in i he imi'her ■, -aiiie maiMier as if all siieh lirulheis ami sisl.is h:ii| I n the ""'''■• liiiilher- ami sisters .if the iniesiate. i;. S. n. ISN7, ,-, |(is. V. i;;. 54. l;.l.iti\es ..f the half M I -hall inheiil .■.|iially with I ii'is.' ||n|f |,|,„„| .if th.' wlmle III I ill III,, same ileyiei'. :iml the i|.--ieii.la III s i.f -ii.li I" ■*'"■'''••'' relatives -hall inherit in the same iii.iiiner a- th.. .1.-. .■ml.int-. ,,t Hie |"|',l'',|" '""'" uh.ile M.i.mI, unless the i'llheritjlliee eaiiie t.i the intestate liv il.-eeiit, ile\i-i- .,r L'ift friiiii so lie of his am'.'stors; in wlii.h ea-e all Ihii-e w hu are not of the lijiioil ,,r -11,1, iim-,.sliir shall !..• eMlii,|..l finm -mil iiilierit.-ime. |{. S. (K IssT. ,■, |i(.s, v. 1 1. 55. On r.iiliire of heirs iimh-r the piv.eiliiiK rules, the inherit- In ,iL-,..s ame -hill ileseiii.l to I he ri'imi iiiiii^' neM of kill ,,r i||,. iiii,.-tale. '"''' !"'"• ••'-■""•'1'"^-' '" ""• '-Mies in the Kimli-h Sl.llUte .,f I »i>l ril.llt i.,n of -V,' '.',;{' /.'.;': r.r-iiii.-il M-tate. i:. S. M. 1SS7. e. los, s. ».-.. "i? e. Hi! ami "J'.KJ.ir. ii. e. .'<, to .IKNKKAI. 1-K.IV1.SI,.N.S. .^|,|,,y 50. Where there is lint mi.' per-mi eiiiiileil Im inh.'rit .■iieiiri|iiii,»(.,, ||,.j^^ ^^^ to th,. pr.i\i-ioiis of section .".7 ami folj.iwiiii.' siMiion- ,,f this ,\et, t.tk.- a- he shall take ami liohl the inherit.iiiee sol,.|\ ; ami wli.re an inherit-''''""'^" '" aiie,-, ,,r a -hare of an inherilaiiee. ,|,.s,,.||,|s to sevrjil pei-..iis nmler sii.'h priivi-iiiiis. they -hall take .is teiianls in .■.iinmi.n. in prop,,rli.in to I heir resp,.etive rights. K. S. < ». ISS7. .-. in.s. s. IC. 57. I»es,,.ii,|,iiiis ami relatives ,,|- the int. i.ii,. |„.i.',,ii,.ii lielur.' |,,.„.,.„. Iiis .ji.alh. Iiiit liorii thereafter, shall in all ,;is,.s in|i,.ril in th.. s.aiiie .laiit-, efr-., iii;inm-r as if tlie.v hail h.^eii h.irn in ili.' lifetime of the iniestate ami '""■'"'•"'■ hail siirvive.l hini. U. S. ( >. 1.S.S7. ,-. ins. s. 47. inteltai'I.. ^ tu inherit. o8. < hililreii ami ivl.iiives who are illi-iiimal.. khall nm l"" ii],.i,,ti- entitieil ii. inherit iiml,.r .•my nf ihe piuvi-iim- of ihi- .\' nor ex.ept as provided hy section ;;i ,,f tIk whIs Art <,f (hitiir(o'\'!m, not shall the same aQ'eet any I, .itiitimi uf ;iiiy estjite l,y ,l,.,.,l ,,,• win, r.rt'.-cte.j r ': i i I I if 4 (JO KXKCUTOUS AND ADMINISTKATOUS. Kcv. Stat. f)r iiiiy i-sljitf wliicli, iiIiIhuikIi liflil in U'f siiniilc or fn; ilic lifr of *^- l-**- jiiiotluT, is so held in trust I'nr iiiiy (itlii-r luTSDn, Imt all sii«h «'StJit»'.s shall n'main, pass and (li'sccnd, as if tlu' last twenty-two st'clions of this Act niiniliorcil from ."iT to ."»S, hoih inrjuci" ij. haroecdun' Appoint- iiK-nt of I )fplltV ( >tti.i,il ( iuai'dian (iri' ti II'. AHiiiii\its. Soction -1 of tin- 1 M'volntion of Kstatos Act is not iu'lntod in tin' (fxt and is t hcrcfori- added hoiT. 21.— ill 'I'lio Olliiial «!iiardian shall have power with the ap- proval of the Lieutenant-* tovefiior in roniicil, or of the .liid;.'es of the Iliirh ("oiirt of Justice, to frame IJules rejrulalini: liie practice and piocetjure to lie followed ill all pro( <'ediii.t;s under this Act. in which th*> privity or consent of such d: and also to frame a tarilV of the fees to he allowed ami paid to solicitors for services reiidi'red in such |proceedin;:s. Such IJules and tariffs when approved as aforesaid shall ln' piililished in the (hiliirht ilmittv. and shall thereiiiioii have the force of law: and the same shall lie laid hefore the I,e;:islative Asseinlily at the next session aftt'r the proniulKiition thereof. t'Ji In case the Lieutenant-* iovernor sees occasion in couse- iliieiice of the illness or alisence of the Olllcial (Jiiaicliaii or for any other cause, he may appoint a person to ad a^ the I»eputy ]ir(i trill, of the nilicial till' iH'Xt ill consc- aii n|- I'or If I»fpiity Alt; and \f ail the rposi's. ■^iiaiiic of iiiii>sion('r s. 1S!M. r. H. S. (). c. 24. An Act tn provide for tlu- })!iyiiit'iit ol' Succession L/uties in certain Ciiscs. \1 III:I:I:AS this I'l-oNlnff. cNpcnds very lar^o siinis aninmlly ricuniM.'. T tor asyliiins for the insanr and idl it<. and for institutions for the Mind and for deaf nmtcs, and towards tlio support of hos- pitals and otlior cliaritics, and it is expo licnt to provido a fund for dcfiayin;: part of the said cxiMinlitnro liy a sucrossioii dnty on certain estates of persons dyiiiy: as hereinafter nientioiied: Therefore Her Majesty. I.y and with the advice and consent of the I.cL'islative Asseiiildy id' the I'roviiice of Ont.-irio, enacts as follows:— 1. This Alt may he cited as ■• 'I'lie Succession Duty Act." and short title shall aiiply to the estates of |iers.iiis dyiiii; on or after the 1st day i»ii'l tinie of July, ism::, nnless where it is herein otherwise expresslv pro- "^ "'";'■ '■ vided. 1.1 tionof.Vet. L'. The word '"property" in this A.t includes real and I'l'i*- " p,., ,. .sonal piupeity of every iles<-ripti,,n. ;inil every estate or interest eity.'"' therein capalde of belli),' devised or lie.iiieatlu'd I.y will or of pass- ""■•"'i"t-"'f Inir on the death of the owner to iijs heirs or personal represen- tatives. .'!. This Act shall not apply - 1. To any estate the value of wlii,h. after payment of all dehts ^Vhen Act and exi'eiises of administration, does not e\- mir ^hall not .)'!•,, . . llpplv. -. li. |.io(„.|ty .uiveii. devised ..r he,,u,.atiied for reli-ions. ehari- tahl'.' or educatiomil purposes: nor ••!. To property passing' nn.h.r ;i will, intestacy or otherwise, to or f-r the use of the fatln..-. nn.tner. hushaiid. wife, child. ;:rand- •■hild, dam:hter-in-law or son-in-law of the de.eased. where the a^vre-ate value of the property of the deceased does n..t exeecd $1(M1,0(H» in vai,,,.. 4.-(n Save as af..resaid, the following' pn.perty shall he snh- l.r„p„rtv .leet to a sii.Mession dnty .as h.-ivinafter provided, to he paid for li^'l'l'' to the use ..f tile Province ov..r iind ahove the fees pavahle under the','"''"'"'"" Surn.^jate Courts Act; «l"ties. IT^' 402 KXKOIJTOUS AND ADMINISTKATOIIS. K.'v. Stilt., I'lc^l" itV siliiatc III l'i(i\ iiicf. rin|icily vuliiiitMr ily li:iii> fl'I'K'll III ('lllltl'IM|>l.l t iiiii III lii'iith. hi ma tiiiiii ^iiior tixiMU^a IT Miliiiitaiy (li.-pii.si lili|l> llliMl<- v\ itliiii 12 lllnlltlls lif- fnlf ilrulli. < Ic. rinlMTty tralis- fcriid liy iiw iicr tu liiiiiM'lf jiiiiitl\- wit li suiiii' nllli'l' |i( I Mill. rmiii Tty |i!l.-Mlli,' lllllIlT hctlllllll'llt io) All in'iiiM'i'ty .sltniitr wiiiiiii lliis pi'iix lncf, niiil iiiiy ii|. tcfcst tlicfi'lii or iiii'itiiK' t Ih'I'i'I'i-oiii. wIicIIkt llic iji-irjiscil jicrsnii, iiwiiiii); III- (•iililii'ii tlicrcdi, \njis iloiiiirilcil in • hi tai'ii) :it till' tiin<> of his ijciilji in of iiftei- the Ttli day of April, ISSttt, having been ahsoFntely entitled i here- to, has caused, or may cause, to lie tfansferrel to. or vested ill himself, and .-my other pefsoii jointly, whether liy disposition or otherwise, so that the ln'iietiiial interest therein, or in some jiart thefeof, passi's or accnn's hy siif vivi' li.v hiii'self alone, or in concert, or liy arr.'ini.'enieiit with an.\' other iiefson; {<■) Any property passing' under any past or future settlement including: .•my trust, whether ex|if(>ss)'d In writiiii: or otlu'fwise, and if contained in a deed or other insun- iiieiit elTectiiij,' the settlement, whether such d I ur otlier iiisjrumeiit was made for \aiual)le consideraii r imt MS lietweeii till" settlor and any other person, niaili' li.\ aii\' pi'i'siiii ilyiiii: on Of after the Ttli day of .\pfil. |s',n;. i,\- m AI'I'KNIUX \ll. — SI('('i;.ss|nN KIIIKS Ar|. Kl.T. illl.V ill- il ill Mii- srwlicl'i', tlliTcill ly Iraiis- (' in I'.m- r, v>iiil'ir 11 |lilSSCS- ii'isoii In y )nM'Soli II 111' t'X- ni;iil>' l>y .lil, is'.it;, |ii'isiin sii. L'il'i IntiT •rl:ir:itii)n ii'i'ii Ixiiia r till- «1<'- tt. w lii'n- ssiiiii ailil ilrt'il or iilliiT iiistninit III nut laUiiii.' clT'-ii as a will, wImti-- tiy illl IllliTcsl III Sllrll |i|ii|icrl.\ III- till' |iliMiM'i|s 111 Miii' !• ilnlU'l- aiiit'l til iii'lit tit- til.' Till •il tln-n- 1 til. iir wIli'tlliT iiUi-r«'st ■nii-s liy iiii'liniiii^' |l> lli'lSillL ■itli-T liy w itii aii\' •tli.-IIH'llI litiuL' iir •r iii-ini- .r iilli'-r iii or iiiit I' li> any iV'.Hl. |)\- tliiTfiir I'cir lil'f, 111- any ihIht |mt|im|. iii-t<-iiiiinalili hy i<'rt'r<'nic tn ili-iitli, Is rfsfi-vfij clllii'i- i-xiu-i-ssly m- by iiii|ilit'iitiltMI, of the value. ( I) Where the aK«re>;alo value of the jiroperty exec ids .$'_*< M»,(>00, the whole property wliieh passes as aforesaid shall he siiliject to a duly (if !ji."> for every ifllMI of the value. (.'i.l Where ill;- value of the jiroperty of the deieased e\i-e(,'i|s ,$1(1, (MH( SII niui'h thereof as passes to or lor the lienelil of the i^'raiid- fatlier or Ki'andinollier or any other lineal am-esloi- of llie dei-eased, exeept the fallii'r and niolher, or to any hrolher oi- sistei- of tin- deeeased, or to any desreiidanls of siieli lirolliei- and si.-.|i-i-, or to a Ill-other or sister of the father or inollier of tin- dei-eased, or of any desiendaiit of sueh last mentioned lifotln'r or sister, shall he siih- ji< I to a duty of ;f,"» for every ifKK) of the value. (•il Where the \aliie of the pinperty of tin- dei-e.-ised i-xiei'd-i .1!1iisaii^.'iilnity to the dei-easi-d iliaii is aliove desi-rihed. or to or for the lii-iieiii 111 any straiiu'i-r in hi 1 111 the deieased. savi- as llel-elliliefnle |irii\idii| lur. tie- ^.llih . shall lie siilijeil to a ilul.v uf .'<|n Im- imiv Sli i ilii. \,ihiiv « !!? . w 404 KXKCI'TOUS AN']) ADMINISTKATOUS. Mil: I hi IViA isii |(i|iliiliclt> ln'iill^'llt into I'm \ iii(<- liif ailiiiiiii> tiMtioll. r.isMiial li:iliility (if fxcc'iitia-i. I'rovi*!! l']\fciitiir>, i-W., til HI." iiivfiitiin ami liHiiils for I'ay- Hunt i,if whole valiif of any pniperty (h-- vImmI, li(>i|)U')ithiJil or iiMssiii;,' ti> any one ipcrsnii tnnlcr n will or iii- tfstncy ilcM'S not cxrccil ."jijoit, the sann' shall lie oxcnipt from pay- nii-nt of thf iliity imposed hy this seetioi). i.*>i I'nivided also that any portion of the ostato of any de- c-eased iterson, whether at the time of his death stieh person was doinieil.'d In the- Provinc f Ontario or was doinieiled elsewhere, whiih is hrnn;;ht into the I'l-ovince hy the exeeutors or administra- tors (if the estate to he adminislerod or distrll)Ute(l in this Province! shall he lialde to the duly herciidiefore Imposed; Imt if any snc- ecssion or le^fK'y d-ity or tax has hecn jiaid tipon such property elsewhere than in Hntari.). and sneh duty or tax is ecpnil to or ^rreater than the duty payahlo (Mi property in this rrovince. no dnty shall be jiayahle thereon in this rrovince; and if the dnty or tax so ]*aid elsewhere is less than the dnty payable on property in this l'rovinct\ then the property \ipon which such dnty or tax has been paid elsewhere shall be subject to the payment of such l)orti(pn only of the siwcc ssioii duty provided for in the pn^cedin^ snb-sections of tills section as will e(inal the difference between the duties payable under this A(.'t with respect to i)r iierty in the Pro- vince of Ontario and the duty or tax so paid eh' tvhere. (II) In case an executor or administrator shall, in order to escape i)ayinent of succession duty, imposed by tills Act, distribute any jiart of the said estat<' without brin^'iii;; the saiii.» into tliis Province, such executor or administrator shall be liable personally to pay to Her Majesty the amount of the duty which would have bi'eii payable liad the assets so distributed been brouv^ht within this Province. Provided tiiat this sub-section shall not apply to i)ay- ineiits nuide to persons domiciled without the Province out of assets s-tuate without the Province. (10) Nothlii;; herein contained shall render liable for duty any property bona tide transferred for a consideration that Is of a value substantially equivalent to the property transferred. .".—(1) An executor or administrator aiiplyia^r for Iriiers i)rn- bate or letters of administration to the estate of a -i ■ •.'-;, i person shall, before the issiu' of letters pr(diate or ad>.'"::. ■■ to hlin, make and tile with the Surrogate Registrar u full, ,tc .lau correct statement under oath showinj;: («) A full itemized Inventorj- of all the i)roperty of the de- ceased person and the market value thereof, and (h) Tlie several persons to whom the same will pass under the will or intestacy and the dey;ree of relationship, if any, in which they stand to the deceased; rtperty de- will or iii- froin piiy- F any <1<'- ITSOII WilS <'lse\vliort', iliiiiiiistra- i I'rovlmc? ' any s\u- 1 proporty pial to or ivinco. no tiie duty 1 property ity or tax It of s\uli pHM't'llUlK twoen the 1 the I'ro- ordor to distriliuto into this |)t>rsonally ould have sitliin this y to pay- ; of assots duty any jf a value i.iors i)ro- •:t ■( person 1 to him, ad correct )f the dc- nd ass under oiiship, if APPKN'OfX VII. — srcOESSlON DCIIK.S A(T. iQo aid tile cxccufor or administrator shall. lic|'oi(> the issue of letters proliate or letters of adniinistratiiMi. deliver to the Surroirate r{e;-'is- trar ii liuiid in a penal sum eipial to ten per centum of the sworn value of the property of the deceased i»erson liaide. or which may liecoiiie liaide, to succession duty, executed liy himself and two sure- ties, to he aiiproved ],y the Ueulstrar. conditioned for the iliie pay- ment to \lov Majesty of any duty to which tin- property coiiiiiif: to the hands of such executor or administratnr i>f the deceased m.iy he found liaide. fj) 'I'hls sectid or r''''', II 1 .• 1 1 ■ , ■ ■ '"'■ duty. dlspo.scd ol hy him, every trustee. Kimrdinn, committee, or otlier person in whom any interest in the i>roperty so passiii;.'. or the manaiu'einent thereof is at any time vested, and every iierson in wlifun the same is vested in iM)ssession hy alienation or other d(>rivativo title shall he accountalde for the succession duty on the property, and shall, within tw. uiths after tiie death of the deceased, or such later time as the Tr(>asurer of the Province for the time beiiiK shall allow, deliver to the Surro-.-uc Heuistrar of the county in which the said property is situati'. and verify an account to tlie hest of his knowledt;e and hellef of the property. <■>. Tn case the Treasurer of the Trovince is not satisfied with \V||,.„ the value .so sworn to, or with the correctness of the said inventory, •'ippiaiife- tlie Surrogate KcKistrar of the county in which any pr.iperty sn'-'X-nVm . ject to the payment of the said duty is situiite shall, at tin- instance. h.'di^ectci'i of the rroviiicial Treasurer, his solicitor or iitrent, direct in writing that the sheriff of the cotuity shall make a valuation and appral>c the said property, and also appraise jiny lu-operty alleired to have heeii improperly omitted from the said inventory. 7. In such <'ase the sheriff shall forthwith irive ,|iie and siitfi- \-.,|„.itiuii olcnt written notice to the executors :in(l administrators iind t..ot 'pi'V'' such other persons as the Siirrotrate Ueiristrar may hy order direct '■i'ty.''.V of the time and place at which he will appraise th.> property, in-"'"'""^" eluded in the inventory, or any (iroperty which, in the opini(Mi of the Provincial Treasurer, his solicitor or a>:(>nt, should ho included tliereln, and shall appraise the same accordinjrly at its f.-iir market value, and make a report thereof in writinu to the Surroirate !£.- Kistrar, frji-ther with such other facts in rel;itii,n thereto as the V.K.\.-.iO :1|F 4ij(i KXKCL'TOUS AM) A D.MIN ISIKAIOItS. Kl'v. 8tiit.,Siirr(>;:iit(' I{c).'isti'iir may li,v unlci rc(|uii-(', iiiiil siidi rcpDrt slitill •^^ '*'* be lilfd ill tlu' ultice nf the Siirniu'uti- Ki';;ist rar. iiiiil I'cir tin- iiiii'iinscs of tlu' siiiil fiKpilry ami iipiiniiscmt'iit the said slicilIT slmll have all tlic pitwcrs which may lie <'(iiilVrri'ii iipun cuiumlssloiH'rs iiiiiItT the Act rcspcctiii;: Iiiiiuirics ('Din'criiln^' I'uiillc .Matters. The slirrilT shall lit' I'lititU'tl to rcci'lve tlic sum of $."» per dlom for services per- formed under this Act. and his actual and nt'cessary travelling e.\- peiises, and the same shall lie paid to him hy the 'i'rcasiirer of the l'ro\ illce. MckIc of nsscMsin^' iiroperty liulile to duty. S. Where the I'roviiicial Treasurer, his solicitor or airent, and the other parties interesti'd do lutt a^ree thereon, the Surrogate Hejristrar shall assess and tix the cash value at the date of the death of the deceased of all estates, interests, annuities ami life estates or terms of years >:ro\vinK out of such estate, ami the duty to which tlie same is lialile. and sliall immedi- ately ).'lve notice then^of. hy registered letter, to sucJi parties as by the rules of the lliv'h Court would be entitled to notice in re- spect of like interests ill .'111 aiialo'.'ons lu'oceedin^': ami the Surro- gate Keiristrar may appoint foi- the purpose of this Act a guardian for infants who have no guardians: and the value of every future or continueiit or limited estate, income or interest in respect of which the duty is payable at the death of tln> deceased, either by the terms of this Act or by arrangement made under sub-section .'! of sectiiui 11, shall, f rule, method and standards of mortality ami of value, which are eni'doyed by the Provincial Inspector of Insurance iu ascer- taining the value of iiolicies of life insurance and annuities, for the lietei-mination of the llabilitii's nf UU' Insurame companies, save that the rate of interest to be taken for the purpose of computing the present value of all future int(>rests and contingencies shall be five i)er centum per annum: and the Inspector of Insurance shall, oil the ai)plicatloii of any Surrogate Uegistr.ir. determine the value of stich future or cotitlngent or limiteil estate, income or interest, upon the facts contained in such applicati or .'iny part thereof for sm-h duty, ami the decision of the Surrogjite .Judge shall be liual. unless the propert.v in respect of which su<-h apiieal i-: tnkcn shall exceed in value tlit» sum of $10.(i(M\ when a further ajipeal shall lie from the decision of the >l : API'KNDIX VII.— SUCCESSION IK'TIKS Ad'. Siirrni.';it.. .Indtfo t.. u .IihIl'.- nl' tli.- Ill-li ("..urt ai.-l (vnui sii.h .|,Mlt;.« n|- 111.' Ili-li Court t.) the ('..iirt of A|.|.,.iil. wlios,- .Uvisluu sliall 1... tin:il. 4(i7 n 1«>. Wli.Te a J.ccnicst (.r .j.-vis.. nf proiuTty. wlii.li (.tli.rwls.- l',..,,.„..t^ w.MiM Im. lial.l.' to tlio imym.-i.t „( duly iiinlt'i- tlils Art. i.s iiia^"n is *"' I""'t <'•' «"<•'' prop.M-ty or income to the present enjovmeiit „f ""'it'"' t" which no person is entitled, the duty on such property o^ i„..ou,e. ioy«of or such part of such pro|.erty or Income, shall he i)ayahle as in sec- '''^- l""l>- tion rj is provided. erty. (••!» Notwithstanding the duty tUMy und.-r this .section not he pay- r "''■" ""•" ^''^ ♦""" "•••^" t •i;:ht of possession or actual enjovnu.a m"'ties accrues, any executor, a.lmini.strafor. «:uardiMn, or trustee or per- "" ^"""■" «..„ owning a prior Inten-st, when sued, executor, a.lministrntor. Imen;;; jr.iardian. or trustee, or person has the <.usto.Iy or control of the proiu.rty. may apreo upon or commute for a present pavm.mt out ot the property In discharge of the sai,l duty: and the Treasurer of the I'rovime may, upon the applic.tion of any such person, con.mute *''•' '*'" '*'^'«" 'l"t.v which would or mijrht. hut for the ,.ommut;.- tlon, l.ecomo payahle in respe<-t of su.h interest, for a cerf.in sum to he presently paid, and for determining: that sum shall cause .l present value to he set up..n su.h .luty. n-ar.i I.-Imk ha.l to the '•nntin..'en..ies affecting the liahility to an.l rat.> and a,no„„t ,-f sn,-!, .luty and interest: and on tl... n.-eipt of su.-h sum the Treasurer shall v'ive a oertificfit.. ..f .li.s.-harir.- for su.-h .luty. (4) Provided that the duty .-l.arKeahle up.u, any le^racv «iveu Wh.-n f.v way of annuit.v. wlu-th.-r for life or otherwi.s.-, sh,-,l| 1... p.,id i.v ■l>""-"' fot.r ...,ual payments, th.- first of whi.-h paym.-nts of .luty shall Uo'^X!]:^. ".-■Hie l.ef.>re or on .-omph-tinp paym.nU of th.- first vear's annuitv 468 EXECUTOHS AND AnMINISTHATOHS. Il^, . I '.V'Jx Fiirtlur tiiiit' limy lN'(rruiit)'f owner. Certifioate iif din- charge to lie ffiven liy Provin- cial Trea- Hurer. Certificate not a dis- charge in case of fraud, etc. and tho tlirco otlierw of such pnynionts of duty sliiill he iniide in like inaniier HincesHlvely. lieforr or on conipleting tlic respcitivc pny- nieiits of tlio three HncceedhiK yenrH* aiiiiiiity respectively. In case tho annnitant dIeH before the explnitlon of the siilil four years only pnynient of inHtnlnionts which full due lieforo his dcntli sli.iil he reiinlred. (.'•I The duty is to ho paid on the cash value ayalile and paiil by the exeeutor.s or administrators In respect of such future estate or interest shall be a charge on such future oatate or interest, and sliall be jiaid to them by tho person aforesaid with interest at the time the estate or Interest comes into actual possession: but tho executors or admininstrators shall be entitled to receive tho amount, or any part thereof, at an earlier date If the person to pay desires to pay the same at an earlier date. 12. — (1) The duties Imposed by this Act, unless otherwise lierein provbU'd for. shall be due and payable at tlu' death of the deceased, or within eighteen months thereafter, and If the same are paid within eighteen months no interest shall bo cliargofl or collccteil thereon, but if not so paid interest at the rate of six per iciitun: per annum from the t- withstandliiK any sui-h fiaud m- failuro. l."i. The SuriKCMle .ludjie may make au order upon the appll- entiiiii of any person lialile for the payment of sahl duty, eNtendiut' the time fixed hy law for {wiyment thereof where it ainiears to sm-h Judt'e that payment within the time presirilied hy this Act iii im- possilde owliiK to some ec.U' over whii'h the person llaide has no euntrol. 14. Any ar l» charKP .\j«'et to the s;ild duty shall ''"tors, etc., to (I* • deduct the duty therefrom, or collect tin' duty thereon upon the ,i,„.( ,i„ty appraised value thereof from the person eulltlcd to such property, '«ti";f d»- Km ipt lis to honii tiilc pur- ciin.'.cr. KxtinsjoM of linic for piiynicnt of duty. and he shall not deliver any pioperty sulijeii until lie has collected the duty therciui. li\frin>c pro|HTty. heroin ■reased, re paid .llected cciilun: iind col- on shall iicy are ir>. lOxeciitors. a,nver to sell so niueh of the property of the deceased as will enaldt> them to sell for pav the said dutv In tlie sann- manner as thev mav hv law do for ''l^V".' ' ' • • . "' duty the payment of dehts of the testator or intestate. It?. Every sum of money retained by an executor, administra- Duty to he tor or trusted', or paid into his hands for the duty on :iny property, 1';'''' to t'"' Hhall he paid by him forthwith to the Tre.isur.'r of the l'i"<»vln('e. jj!"j^^[||;'" or as he may direct 17. Where any debts shall be proven against the estate of a Kcfuiidiuu' deceased person, after the payment of le;:acies or rate .Iud«e that any duty accni- y\,„\,, ,,f in;: under this Act has not been paid accurdin.i,' to law, he shall make cufciciut,' :in order directing the persons interested in the propertv liable to the •'''\""'"'' , - , of duty. duty to appear before the Court on a day certain to be therein named and show cause why said duty should not be paid. The service of siK'li order and the time, manner and i>roof thereof, and fees there- for, and the hearing and determining thereon, and the eufonement ,1 3 • ' l-'i CoHtK. Liiiiitiitioii (if llUtiltllN, 470 ICXKfl TOK.S AND AltMINISlHATnllS. of tli«' jiitlunifiit of 111)' ('"iiirt tlnTfoii hliall lu> arconliiii; tn tin- |illli'tlii> III III' ll|i 111 ill' illMfi'l loll of tlio Court of .IihU'i', ami hIiuII lif ii|>oii tin- C.miil.v Coiirl s'al»» niili'MK ami until jinollicr tarllT sliall lie prox liloil. savi' as to iho coHtK of nil aiipt-al, ami tlini iipoi' tlit* sraU' of tlif Court a|ipoal<'il to, »<». Any iirtloii, iiialtor or proriTillii;: liy or a^iiliiMt tin- I'ro- vlmt' 111 rcNiti'ct of iliitit'S or rialnis ariHliii; upon or out of :iii> hui'- <'(>shIoii, sllllll lit- I'oiiiiiii'iii't'll within six y*>ars from tin- tlim' wlicii Niii'li tliitii's or rIaliiiH lii'canif payaMo. I'":''"*'>f 21. Tlic .Imlm-H iiml Hi'uixtinrn of tlic scvi-ral SiirroL'aif C. iirtH . ui Ki's siinj] i„. (.iitltlcil to takf for tiic pfrformami' of ilutifs ami scrx liiw triirH. umlcr this Act, similar fees to thosf )iayal>h' to tliciii umliT ami liy virtue of the Surrojratc Courts Act. ami tlu' Surronat«> Court riili'« Rov.Htiit., for sinillar procccilint's, ami section S^S of smcIi Ad shall apply to (lie *'• ''*'• lecH payiiMe iimler this .\ct to ihe Surrowute .Imljre. Lieiiten- --■ The Llputenaiit-tiovenior In ('ouiicll may make i'i';:ulatloiis anttiovcr- f,,r carryiim Into elTect tin- provisions of this Act. ami smh ri';:u- Couiit'il liitiuiis shall lie lalil liefore the I,e;;lslative Asseiiilily forthwith. If Illlike rejfii- the Legislature is in session at tlie date of such n'lrulatioiis. ami latioHH. ,f (|„, L,.;rislatufe is not in session such regulations shall li^- lai. Act uiiicinliii^ Succt'ssion Duties Art. I I i;i{ MA.IKS'I'Y. liy iiml witli liic ihjvicc iiml .<'niisi'iif of tlit* I.i-«i-liiiivf Asxeiiilij.v Ml ilu' I'invinct. (,f (Mitiiriii, miictu as riijjiiws; — 1. Any SIMM piivnlil.. iiiiilri' '/7i.j Ni/. •<■..<*<«,« Imii/ 1.7 sliull |{,.,'..v.tv Im. r..(«,vfralilr wiih full msis of suit iis a ti.'i.i ijiii- lu Hit Majrsi.r "f ^"••••••n- rr..in any |...rs.,ii lial.lr tli.Mvlur l.y nrii,,,, in ,iny muvt „t •'•Mn- ',',';/,Vp','[,'.7 {"•lent JMiisdiriion ami it shiill not in any .as.. I... n.^.^.-ssary |.. lak.. Stat. .-. •;)■ 111.' |if... (•clings antliKt'i/.'.j l.y s.Mii.ms t; to 1(» .,r t),,. sai.l A.t. . ''V ii<-ti<liall als.. hav.. .inris.ji. ti..n t.. 'l«'l' may ilsdr ,,r tlif.,n;:li any v,-{,;- x.'f. is., any uf tli.. p..w..fs wlii.li c'purt liy lli(. sai.l s.(ti.iiis C t.i li» ai.. .iMifi.ric.l n| any .illi.iT ..r |i..|'s,,ii. ni ii.^tinn. 3. Snlijct t.> til., (lisci-ction ..f tli.> ('..iirt as t<> ...sts. ;,n a.'iiun .\cfi.,ii may 1... l.fmi-lit r,,,- „iiy ..f tii.. pnf|...s,.s in this Ai.-t montioM..! not- ""i.v l>'' with.stiimlinu th.. ti f.,r th.. payin..nt ..f lli.. .Inty has not .tiriv..,]. [jX.v" 4. In ..v..fy su.il a.ti..n II, t .Maj.'sty's Atl..it...y-( ;..m.,al sliall p/mm-nt liav." til., sain.. fi«iit i.itii..r licfof.. ..r after iii.> triai to tv.piin- tin. "f<'m.v. pr.Mlii.tion ..r .l.M.utm.iits. t.> <..\atnim. panics ..r \vitiifss..s ..r tn tal<.. '.'f'"'"';- ^"''' ""'"■'■ I'"" >i"i-'^ i" >'inrr..tMt.. .ouri iv-istrar .•iiV.-s'". or to a sii..riir iait may i... to an olli.-..r of tli.- Court as provid..,] I,y 77i( .hidifdlinr Aft. 7. An apiM.ai sliall li.. in an action i.roMirlif nml..r this A.t App..als in wh..r<.v..r an app.'al woiiM li,> if tii. > acti-.n \v..r.. ii..t\v.. ri Mil,i,..-t ,in.l ''Ltj.a'isun- .'.^nl'.nc t aii.l to till' lik.- trihunal. MI.NISritAT(>KS. 8. WIhic any property which has, previous lo tiie dealli of n liersoii wliose estate is snlijecl to duly, been conveyed or t raiisl'crred to some otlier person is deehired lialtle to duty liie Court may derlare the duty to lie a lien ui)on Ihe iiroperty and may make snch di'clara- tioii aillion;;!! I lie amount of snch duty lias not lieeii ascertained, and w iiei-i- any propei-ty whicli. had it reiiiiiiiied in tlie hands of the person to wlioni or foi' whose lieiiefit it was conveyed or transferreir liy such deceasi'd person, would have liecii lir.lile lo duly, lias lieeii conveyed or transferred to any [un'chaser for valnahle considera- tion, the Court iiijiy direct Ihe person to whom or Cor whose lieiielit the said iirojierty was conveyed or transferri'd by such deceased pei- son as aforesaid to pay the iimoiiut of tlie duty to which snch pru- lierty would have been subject as aforesaid. 9. In case it is claimed that any land or money secured by any niorl;,'age or ehar^'e iip(Mi laiiil is subject to duty the Trovircial 'rreasurer or the Solicitor lo the 'I'reasiiry actin;; in his behalf may when decme«l ne(-essary cause to be refiisteriMl in the proper registry olllce, or if Ihe land is registered under Thr IaihiI TitUn Avt in the jiroper ofllce of land titles, a caution stating that succession duly is cliiinied by the Provincial Treasurer in respect of the said land, inorttrajie or cliarj;e on account of the deatli of the d(>(eased, iiaiiiia« him. and any subset, uent dealing with such land, mortgage or charge shall be subject to the lien for such duty, but nothing herein con- tained shall alTect Ihe rights of the ('rown t() claim a lien inde- pendently of the said caution. 10. The preceding sections shall apply to the estates of all persons in res;,ect of which the duty is claimed whether such per- S(Uis have died before or shall die aflv to disjios - of the same for the benelit of his children or some 'of llieiii, wlietluT the power is <'.\- ercisiible by instrunieiit iiiirr rirtis or by will or lioth, including the power exercisable by a tenant in tail whether in possession or not l)Ut exclusive of any power exercisable in a lidticiary capacity under a disposition not maile liy himself or as mortgagee^. A dis- positiiui taking etTect out of the iiiterest of the iierson so dying sliall be deemed to have been made by him whelliei- the concurrence of any other jierson was uv was not rer- son has a general power to charge on properly shall be deemed io be property of which he has tin- power to dispose. AIM'ENIMX VIII. — A.MKNMINO AC!' OK 18'.»!). 47;5 (/(» An i-stiito ill (lower or \>y tlu. ciirlcsy in nny iantl of liu- piTson so dyin;.' to \vlii<-ii tiic wife or IhisIiimkI oT ilir ilc.cas.d l.o- roiucs .•ntiticd on llic (U'ccisc of sncli person. 12. In (leterjnininn for liie (inriioses of suli-seetions ,", to »S of .section 4 of Tlw .SiKTvx.sitjit Imty Art tiie ;i;,'Kre«:iite valne of tiie pro- perly of any iterson dyinj.' after tliis section taivcs ellVct. the value of liis iM-oiierly situate outside of tiiis I'rovince sliall i.e included as well as the value- of the proiierty sitinite within this Trovinue 13. Xo foreign executor or administrator shall assi^'u or ir.uis- fcr any stocks or shares la this Province stJindinu in the name of a deceased person or in trust for him wliich are liahle to pay sinces- sion duty until such duty is paid to the Treasurer of the I'lovince or security ^iven as re<, etc., until duty piiid. Kev. Stilt, c. -24, s. s, amended. Keiiii'dies to l>e ni addition to those under Kev. Stat. c. 21. Pi ')y 474 EXECUTORS AND / DMINISTRA TOUS. ■f 1 APPENDIX IX. GOVERNMENT RECJULATIONS AND FORMS UNDER SUCCESSION DUTIES ACT. 1. The words " nutirotiate value" occiirriiijj in tlu- Act are li» I < nstrued ms iiieaniiiK tlw Jij;>;rt'.iate value of tlie iimpfrty af'tci" Iiit.Miieiit of all (Iclits aiitl expenses of ndiniiiistratlon. in the same iMaiiiicr as the word " vahie " is used in the Act. '2. All succi'ssion duties are to lie paid to the Treasurer of tlie I'loviiice of Ontario for the time being. .'{. .No duty is to lie payable in the followiuK cases: — («l Where tlie value of the property does not exceed .*i!l().((00. (/() On i)roperty Kiven. devised or bequeathed for reli;;ions. charitable or educational purposes. (c) I'roperty passing to parties mentioned in section .'{, s.-s. .'{, of the Act, where the value does not exceed !«l(M). does not exceed l)>12Ui>, althi>u;;!i value of property exceeds !flO,000. 4. The succession duties payable are as follows: — ill) Where the property passes to, or for the use of tlie jiarti-'s name value exceeds !?10.(M)(>, $"> on every ."fini> of the whole value. (r| Wliere the jiroiierty passes to or for the benetit of the p:ir- ties named in section 4, s.-s. 4 of the Act. ai.d the aggregate value exceeds .IdO.dOO, $10 on every .tJliM* of the whole value. ."». Wliere the estate left by tlie deceastvl does not exceed $ll of the Succession Duty Act shall be bound in t'ae whole amount; and the sureties in such bond are recjuired to justify cacli in an amount equal to the sum f(.r which he is to l)e liable, and the aggregate shall e(i,. The subjoined forms are to be followed as nearly as tiie cir cnmstan.es of each case allow. 47.' FORM 1. Bi)XI> UV E.VECl-TDRS on An.MI.VI.STRAToliS The siiccis.siiiii Ihili/ Art. IX THE SfRRO.JATE ("(irUT or niE CorXTV OF In the matter of the estate of A. K.. deceaseil. Know all men by chese presents flint we. ('. J)., ,,|- ih,, of . '" the county of . K. F. ,,f the of . j,, the county of . (J. Jl. of the of . Ui the .ouuty °^ ' '"' Treasurer of tlie Province of Ontario for the time l)eing, for which i)ayment well and tndy to be made we bind ourselves and each of us for the 476 EXECUTUKS AXJ) ADMIMSTUATOH.S. whole, and our and each of uur hoirs. executors and adniiiiistra- tors, tirmly by these i)resentM. Sealed with our seals. Dateil the day of . in the year of our Lord 1!> . The londition of this oliliKation is such that if the above nauied C. D., the administrator of all the property (nr as the case may bi-i of A. B., late of the of , In the county of , deceased, who died on or about the day of , A.D. 1"J , do well and truly pay or cause to be paid to the said Treasurer of the Pro- vince of Ontario for the time being, representiuj; Her Majesty tlie Queen in that behalf, any and all duty to which the property, estate and effects of the said A. B. coming into the hands of the .said C. D. may bo found liable under the provisions of the Succes.sion Duty Act, within eighteen months from tlie date of the death of the said A. B., or such further time as may be niven for pay- ment thereof under section 1.'*. of the Successicm Duty Act, then this oblifjation shall be void and of no effect, otherwise the sauie to remain in full force and virtue. Signed, sealed and delivered in the presence of . FORM 12. Affidavit of Value' and Relationship. The t^iicccsslou Duty Act. CANADA, , In the Province of O.vtario. * In the Surrogate Court of the County of • In the matter of the estate of A. B.. deceased. I. , of the of , in the <'ounty of . make oath and say; — ]. That I am the party applying for letters to the estate of the above named A. B. H. That 1 have <'aused to be filed in the office of the registrar of the above named Court a petition praying that letters be granted by said Court to me of the estate of the said A. B. M. That I have made diligent emiuiry and search as to the value of the property which the said A. B. ilied seised or possessed of or entitled to. 4. That the paper writing hereunto annexed mark(>(l " A." is an Itemized Inventory and true and ciu-rect statement of the pro- perty which the said A. B. dieil seised or possessed of or entitled to. and of the market value therenf. and the amount and value of the debts due to him. Ilf. iliiiiiiistra- , iu the JVC iiaincii le uiay be) (lec-ejised. , do well f the Pro- ajesty tlip rty, estate tli(> saiil SucM-essioii the death 1 f(ii- pay- Duty Art, irwise the APPENDIX IX.— GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS AND FOIJMS. 5. That the paper writiii),' hereunto nnnexod marked " B." con- tains a true rind correct list of all the persons to whom the said property will pass, and tlie decree of relationship in wlilch each of thorn stand to the said deceased, together with their addresses, .so far as I can ascertain them. 6. That to the liost of my knowledfje. information and belief, *^^ *'''''"' 'li'l !iot voluntarily transfer by deed, grant or gift, made in contemulation of his death, or made or intended to take effect in possession or enjoyment after his death, any property or any interest therein or income therefrom, to any person in trust or otherwise, or by reason whereof any person has or shall be.ome beneficially entitled in possession or expectancy in or to the said property or income tliereof. Sworn before me at the "f . in the county , of , this i 477 ) day of A.I). 1!) . A (Commissioner, etc, , make he estate FOU.M 8. DiRECTICN TO ShKRIFF TO MaKE VALUATION. The Siircmsion Duty Act. In the Surrogate Court of the In the matter of the estate of A. R., deceased. To the Sheriff of the County of At the recjuest of the Treasurer of the Province of Ontario, I hereby direct that you do make a valuation and appraisement of all property of the deceased, and report to me the result of such valuation and appraisement forthwitii after making the same. Dated at , this day of , A.D. 10 registrar s \. K. the value ised of or "A." is the pro- r entitled value of To FORAI 4. Notice by Sheriff. ~ - The F!nrrr.9.9inti Diiti/ Act. In the Surrocate Court of the In the matter of the estate of A. B., deceased. Take notice that by an order made by the registrar of the Sur- rogat(> Court, of thf on the dav of in I h aU i ave riecn Pli 478 EXECUTOUS AND AnMINlSTUATOU.S. lilrecteil to ninke a valiintioii iiiul appraisement of the property w hiili the said A. P. dit'd seised or possessed of or entitled to, and further take notice that pursuant to the said order, I will on the plied to l>y , Provinolal Inspector of Insnrancp. having , the Surrogate Registrar of this Court, AIM'ENDIX IX.— GOVEKNMtNT HIXiLLATIoNS AM) |.oi:MS. ^T.) to (leteriuino the value of , ami havlnjr deteriniunl su.l. value in a.Tor.lau.e with the provisious of se.-tiou S „f the above A.t herel.y .,'ertiry to tiu' .said registrar the said values as follows: - l>ated at , this day of . A.D. 11) .1. U.. Proviucial Inspeetor of lusuranee. POU.M 7 Order of Ji-dgic. iSeetiou 19). The Swccssioti Duty Avt. In the Surrogate Col-rt of thk 111 the matter of the estate of A. H.. tl.M-eased. It .iiMM'ariujr to me that there is .luty unpaid accruing under the Succession Duty Act. iu respe.t of the property of the al.ove d<.cease,i. an,i that the same has not I.eeu pai.l. I do l„>rel.v order "'"' "'"•'"■' ""It 'lo appear l,elore this Tour, at " on *'"' , ''•■'•^' "f • 1J» • "t of the clock in the to show ,;nis.. why he shoul.l not forthwith j.ay to the Treasun-r of the IVovince of Ontario the sum of . ,.einu' -hUv pavahle to said I reasnn.r in respe<-t of the property of the al.ove" de.-eased '"Kler the s..n,l the Succession Duty Act. and whv such pay- ment should not he enforced a.vording to the practic,. in or upon the cnf<.rcenieMt of a judgment of the High Court. FORM s. Tlir Kiivn HHiiiti Jtntti .lr7. Bo.vn I5Y Registrar. (I{. S. O. lSi)7, v. .".O, g. H'., Know all men l.> these presents, tliat wp are held and tirmly bound unto our Sovereign Lady Qm>en Vi,.toria her heirs and successors, in maniu-r and in sums following, that is to say. the said in the sum of dollars of lawful uionev of Cnmida, the said m tho sun. of dollars of like lawful money; and the said i„ the sum of .lollars of like lawful money, to be paid to Our Sovereign Lndy the (iuceii, her heirs ,nnd su.cessors: for which payments, to be w.>ll an.f fait'ifullv i , , i 11 s 1 i ' I i m I !, 4h'0 KXKCUTOUS AND ADMINISTKATOKS. iiiu4l<>, we Hevorally, and not cncli for tlic otlicr, liiiii] ourschi's, diii- licirs, oNociitdi's iiiul (idininlstriitoi's, jmhI i>a<-li of us liinds liinisi'lf, liiH lu'irs. I'Xi'ciilors niul inliniiiistiiitoiN, lirnily l».v llicsc presents. StMih'd witli our seals tiiid dated tills diiy of III tlio yeai' of Our Loi'd one tlmnsand nine liiiinit'ed and Wliei'ens tlie iihove lioimden . as recisti'iif of the SniToKiite Court of tlie Count of , iins I n reiinired piii'sniint to the SneeosHloii Duty Act, to ;;ive seeniity for tlie due and punctual ptM'foriuanee of duties ini|)osed upon liiiu liy tlie said Act. and that lie will not reeeive any duty payalile under the siiid Act. \ow tli(> eondition of this olili^ation Is such, that if the said sliall duly iiiid piiiictnally perform the duties iinposeil upun liini liy the Suecpssioii Duty A<'t, and shall not rect ive any duty paynlile under the said Act. tlu'ii this oldlKatiiui to lie null and void; otherwise t«) reiiitiin in full foree, virtue and ellect. Sluiied, sealed and delivered In the presence of INDEX. lli'li'ViUCis tn /Kinii/iii/ilis Diih/ ciri'/it ulicir ntlieniisr niitid. ABATEMENT of action not raiiRod by death, 35fi. of IcKacy, 72ii. 7lf!. AFJSFi]NCE of Lpgatcp, naympnt in caHo of, 7U1. AUSI'^NT Persons, how far l)oun(i l)y s-uit, 1237. AC('ELF"]RATED Succession under Imp. Succession Duty Act, 532. ACCE:I'TANCE of executorahip, what acts constitute, 121t. of legacy, (JGO. ACCIDENT, death caused l)y, actions respecting, 342. ACCOUNT Duty. See Imperial Account Duty, 49."), 490. ACCOUNTS of executors or administrators, passing, 130, how far l)inding on al)sent i)arties, 1237. must l)c liept accurately, 1 H)7. 1208. passed by Surrogate Court Innding on Higli Court, 45. lecture on estate, page 414. ACCRETIONS, vested in executor. 380. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS to lake out of Statute of Limitatious. 1200. ACQUIESCENCE, consequences of, 1131, 1138. ACTS done suljseouent to will, 856. of one of co-executors, 230. ACTIONS, adding parties, 357. duty of executor to bring, 482. ACTIO personalis moritur cum persona, G28, 340, 341. ACTION, personal, founded on covenants, del)ts, etc., 337. for wrong to freehold, 340. for wrong to personal estate, 340. 341. for damage caused by death, 342. may be maintained before urobate. 197. probate obtained during proceedings, .sufficient, 199. not to be defeated for want of parties. 353. where executor can sue though deceased could not, 368 accruing to executor by remainder, 380. K.E.A. — 31 , |. '1. ':!■ 4.S2 iNhF.x. Ififi linns In iiiiiiiiimiilis uhlii irri\il iilnri ^v iiiitnl. ADPINCi particH to actioiiH. ;?r.7. ADIOMI'TION of U'Hiuy. <;{). may l)c coinpolli'd l»y mandamus, 'A. to attornev. .'jtl, oS. temporary, cum test annexe, 29, 61. in absence of next of l<'a, fil. until executor accepts proljate, 125. to a stninjicr, (i4. how Kranted. (59. retracting, 70. by Crown, 71, quasi Intestacy, 73. de bonis non, 74, 90, 91. with will annexed, 75. follows the pioperty, 77. limited, instances of, 30. 31, 40, 61. 109. 113. to representative of next i.f kin, 92. to survivor of two administrators, 93. durante minore ictate, 97. pendente lite, 103, 105. durante absentia, 106. by relation, 120, 429. revocation of, 137, 138. ancillary letters, 154. rights of. extend abroad, 156. local erant of. 163. . registration of letters, 330, 475. time of vesting of estate, 428. what law governs, 611. rules for proceedings to obtain, page 882. See also Administrator. Executor. ADMINISTRATION Action. See Rules of Procedure, page 387. when creditor allowed in, 728. ADMINISTRATION Bond, In cases of temporary administration, 61. I INDKX. 4.s;{ Uifnriiris In iiiiniiiniiilis nnln i.ir,,ti nhrr, nlln rtri^, imlvd. ADMlNISTIiATlON 1U)NI) c,,,,,,,,,,.;!. of i.dniinistrittion wltli will aim. ■.%«■, I, S!». rt'ciiiircd, wii.'ii. i:ir,, i)s;j. THtatoH of small value, 41. Ki'iUM-nl admlnlstrntidM. 2W u. life liiHiirimcp, ;{",(). siicccsHion (liiticK, 2}:!, 'u[K ADMINISTUATION dc hoiiis non. rxplaliH-d, 74. 'JO. Itl. power and rights of administrator, 94, ys. acknowledgment to, 12(»I. ADMINISTHA'l'ION with will annexed, explained, 74, 7,-, SI, 125. may he granted to attorney, 84. statutory rules as to. s'J. may exereise direction to sell, 207. ADMINISTRATOR, may not he compelled to act. .-.'',. can do nothing hofore grant, ll!t, removal of, 145. one of SOToral, position of, 2;{G. acting under supposed intestacy. 24,".. difference Ijetween and ti'ustee for sale, 252. cautions hy. under Dev. of Estates Act, 262. may sell free froni' dower. 205. solely represents personalty. 3.38. widow may he. where insuranco moneys payaltle. 350. may take goods hy appiopriation, 445. ADMINISTRATOR ad litem. Court may compel executor to act as, 5. rearesents estate hefore Court, 1242, contents of order, 1280. ADMISSION hy executor, effect of, 1209, 1258, 1272. ADVANCEMENT of children, 971, 1013. 1074. ADVANCES by executor, 1166. ADVERTISEMENT for creditors, 600. ADMCE, payment under, 597. Detitions for, 1172. AFFINITY gives no title, 1049. AFTER acquired property passed by will, 820. AGENT, cannot be charged as executor de son tort, 176 liability of executor for, 1125. appointed executor, 1157. executor not entitled to charge for gratuitous service* 1161. s 4l,J 4 u(ir(tijniith» only cjfciiil uhvrt otiitrwisv noted. DONATIO MORTIS CMJSA-Contimxd. subject to Imp. Account Duty, 495. to Imp. Estate Duty, 550. to Ontario Succession Duty, 571. DOMICIL, foreign, deatli of intestate at, 53. law of, governs rights to succession, IfJO, 1052. distribution to be guided by law of, 1G5. DOUBTFUL claim, payment of, 597. DOWER, land may be sold free from, 2C5. comuensation in lieu of, 266, 993, under Dev. of Estates Act, 990. DOWRESS-See Widow. DUELS, action for death caused by, 342. DUTIES— See Succession Duties, App. page 4G3. E. ELECTION by executor to act, how determined, 127. executor claiming by, 422, 441. by widow, when fund blended. 449. by widow, interest when chargeable, 81G, 82G. by legatee from chattels, 822 by beneficiary under Will, 824-827. EMBLEMENTS, who entitled to, 306. ENCUMBRANCES implied covenant against, 268. sale of lands subject to. 267. ENDORSEMENT of bills and notes, 421. ENTRY not necessary to vest real estate, 434. where term of years bequeathed, 764. EQUITABLE assets, 278, 407. conversion, 278. Avaste, 631. ERRONEOUS presumption of death, 244. ESCROW, deed available if condition performed, 658. ESTATES of small value, administration of, 44. fees in cases of, 44. chattel estates in leases distinguished, 326. pur autre vie, devolution of, 397, 402. ESTATE duty— See Imperial Estate Duty, 541. property, how it may become property of executor, 440. of executor and administrator, similar, 446. pur autre vie, not subject to Imperial Probate Duty, 490. GUI % h'} ii hi if t &[ I 41)4 INDKX, Itrfen-ncvH to imninnilihs oiilj/ r.t'cc/)/ irhcrc ollfririac notrd. EQUITAHLE demands may be enfcn-ced, 1231. KVIDKNCE, corroborative, 1278. EXCHANUK of lands by executor, refused, 257. EXECUTIONS against lands of intestate, 2.57. against executor not binding on goods of deceased, 436. land may be sold under 273. EXECUTOR, defined, 1. who may be appointed, 2. according to the tenor, 7. by Imidication, 8, 10, in several degrees, 12. appointment may bo absolute or qualified, 27. limitations on appointment, 28. conditional appointment. 32. cannot assign executorship, 33. of executor, how far he represents original estate, 34. must act when office accented, 55. in what cases appointment fails, 74. death of sole, effect of, if will not proved, 86. can perform duties before probate, 119, 194, 757. renunciation by, 122. 1133. citation to, to take probate, 126. election by to act, how determined, 127. acceptance by what amounts to, 129. renunciation, mode of, 130. retractation of renunciation, 133. accounts, liability to be called on for, 136. removal of. 145. rights of. extend abroad, 156. considered as trustee under will, 188, 1099, 1168, 1232. probate necessary to prove appointment, 197. may sue or bo sued before probate, 200. only person to prove will, 201. information and bond required from for Succession Duties, 243, 579. protection of persons acting under erroneous presump- tion of death, 244. continuance of ofllce, provision for. 246. estate vested in by Dev. of Estates Act, 247, 248. difference between, and trustee for sale, 255. cautions by, under Dev. of Estates Act, 2(52. conveyance by under contract of sale, 264. may sell free from dower, 265. INDKX. 405 lfrfnr„rrs U, u„ni,,r„„J„ onl,, ,.rr,,,t ulin; olhrnrixc noted. E\EC\rnm~Co„tinu,;J. may raise money to pay charges, 2«7. may exerci.se direction to sell, L'f!7. implied covenants of, 2(i8. effect of judgment against, as to lands. 275, 270. interest of, In lands before Dev. of Estates Act, 277. in lands contrf.cfed to be sold, 27!t. chattels, estate of, in, 235, limited by that of deceased, 303. emblements, now far entitled fo, 300. devise to, to pay del)ts, 333. solely represents person;;lty, 338, 3fi8. need not be named in contracts, 339. damages to real and personal estate, 340. caused i)y death, :;42. rights of, as to servants and apprentices. 347. 348, e.!i5. copyrights, patents and trademarks, 349. policies of life insurance, 350. liability of, on joint contracts, 352. leases, 358. chores of action accruing after death, 366. liability of married woman, 374. may be liable for property never in testator, 379. pledged nr mortgaged chattels. 370. 3S3, 384. profits on carrying on trade, 382, 1087, 1152. liability for assets come to his hands, 3;'9. right of entry on house of deceased, 410. to distrain, 411. cannot purchase partnership property, 419, ihq. may sell deceased's share, 420. endorsement of bills and notes, 421. entitled to lease although containing covenant against assignment, 425. estate of, 428. time of vesting of personal property, 432. may acquire fee of land, 438. how he may acquire estate property, 440. may take chattel by election, 441. trustee of undisposed of residue, 450. may buy at auction, 608. may impound shares to pay debts, 610. how far liable on covenants, etc., 621. may be liable though not named. 623. not bound on personal contract, 626. U- 4'JG iN'i>i;x. Itvfcn-ncvH to iKiiaomiilix unlit iniiil uhcrv othcnctHi: notid. 1 1, ; / i EXECiyVOll-CoiUiiiiml. legacy to, in clmracter of, 704, 736, 743, 702. appointment of (lol)tor, 717. assent to legacy, 747. how far entitled to residue, 060. liability on promises, 1075. continuing trade, 1087. devastavit by. conseciuences, 1098. authorized investments, 1123. lending to co-executor, 111,'j. how far liable for agents, 112!j. liability for co-executor, 1128. cannot purchase assets. 419, 1140. c()mi)ensati(in allov.ed to, llija. liability of. as trustee, 1168. where several, must join in actions, 1187. defences by, in actions against, page 392. admission by. effect of, 1207. death of, effect of on action, 1228. liable to eq'iital)le demands, 1231. liable to suit by creditor on death, 1238. payment into Court by, when ordered, 1258. must kee > accurate accounts, 1268. admission of assets, effect of, 1272. EXECUTORS, duties of. funeral. 473. inventory, 474. registration of will, 475. insurance of property, 478. yayment of taxes, 480. collection of assets, 481. payment of Succession Duties, 485. payment of debts, 592. advertisement to creditors, 599. contingent claims, 602, 603. settlement of liabilities, 618. partnership debts, 638. payment of legacies, 660. payment of residue. 946. as to children of deceased, 963, EXECUTOR do son Tort, obtaining administration, effect of, 120. what acts constitute intermeddling, 168. stranger cannot be, if will proved, 172. F F F^ P I.VDKx. M)1 ^•-^'^(•nTOH DIO H.>N TOUT c r KXONKH.VIION or l''"l'al<'. 227. ''• "' -°""> . ■' p°.c::™; ''J™™- "' .M„s. 23,, ,,. '■'Air.l.iiK or a„poi,„m.„t or ^^'iihR, rijrhts of „fH),.,. n "•'•-■^^ "■ <-»0f ..»,'"■■,'" '■="""- ^". 1037. in nis,., , , "f snmll val„p, ,.,. ™'-0N. no, ,„::;:,:: r----. ^ „„«e ,.. may not ..,.f executor. 4. '•''«'f- property in 3o-> ' "'"^ '"" ''^S. "^''^-n'RES. descent or3]9 ''^«R"^KJN actions, restraining -'"'inistrators';;^^r;7'"-in.n,, ^•;-^''tors entitled tor- nV What Jaw governs ■u^rl " ^'^''^«' 594. I'roreerlings. effect of if " '' Pi-operty to i,p i,„i , , ^'*'""^"^- 788- .„, """■^'""""- P-Po»e» or s„„.,.,,„„ „,. "■■II. m„st be „rov»,i k ' TORBfONKR-^See J ' '=°- --so.„.,„„3,jl:,:;7 ''"-■-■ . K.B,,_32 ""^ '•^''"WS. 1082. it i 1 t ! Jl VJH INDKX. li •■ Hvfrniirin tn iiiininniiihH oiihi i rci iil nUrii dIIii niiin' itnlcil. FRAUDULKNT collusion vitiates Iransartlons, o5, 101, 417. deed sot asidt^, nrocc-cds assets. Km;, inttTiiicddlinK. 171. FUI'^ICHOM). actions for wi-onK to, 340. FUUCTl'S industriales, 307. FUNERAL, expense of, how far allowed, 473, FUTURE estates tinder Succes.sion Drt.v Act, :>74, 575. time, legacies payable at. 682, 7S.'j. 0. GARDENER'S shnil)P. 309. GKNER.Mv devise, i)asscs wliole estate, S84. legacy distingiiislied from s^peciflc, Cfjl. interest upon, 7!tS. niarshaliing in favour of, 467. CiENERAI, power of appointment, liow affect, d by Wills Act, 883. GIFT with super-added words, cirect of, 451. of testator, incomplete, 657. GOODS— See Chattels. GRAND-CHILDREN must bring in p.irents' advance 1018. GRATUITOUS services of agent, 1161. GROWING crop, 310. timl)er, 305. GUARANTEE companies, may be accepted by Surrogate Court, 24. liability of executor on, 659. GUARDIAN, administration granted to. 99. sale of infants' lands, 249, 964. appointment of, 964. to give l)ond, 964. mother to be, or may appoint, on death of father, 964. authority of, 964. in cases of life policies. 350. H. HALF blood, rights of, under Dev. of Estates Act, 1008, 1034. HEIR may be cited, 229. co-heirs, take as tenants in common. 1009. how construed. 893. 1057, 1069. 1074. personal representatives deemed, 619, 1056. • not bound unless named, 625. INDKX. 4!)!» li'ffirniriM In iiiini;nt iiiilji i./ci/i/ iihiii iillti niin.- uotrd, IIEIUS liablf at coiiiiunn law I'or dobts, 2~i\. bound by ju(l«nu'nt a«aliist oxim utorH, 276. may show tluy arr not llahlt'. 27>i. beqiiOKt to. offcct of. 908. " UKIRS rnah- of body," construpd, 898. liKIRI.OO.MS, who ciifitlrd to, :il!». HIGH COl IIT OF .H'STICE. power of, to rcniovf insolvent executor. 5. approval of Trust ronipanios by, Ul. jurmdii-'tinn of. as to cases removed from SuircRate C'ouif, 41. jurisdiction as to pronouncing on validity of wills 42. power to revoke Kraut. 43. appeals to, from Surrogate Court, 45. accounts passed by Surrogate Court, binding in. An. power of, to r(>niovc executors, 145. considers executor as trustee, 188. may grant judgment in case of suppressed will, i;02. sales of infants' lands, 249. practice on. 249. may order saUs free from dower. 2(15. administration by, of estate of deceased insolvent, C17. may secure legacies. 78G. payment into, of amount of life policies, 349. ^ will administer charitable bequests, 848. powers of, as to children, 9(>4. HUSBAND and wife. See Married Woman.— Widow. HUSBANn. right of, to administration, 47. rights of, under Dev. of Estates Act. 997. I. ILLEGITIMATE children, cannot inherit under Dev. of Estates Act. 1009. ILLI'SORY appointments, 795. IMMEDIATE judgment, when granted. 123f5, 1271. IMPERFECT instrument, probate of. 213. IMPERIAL Account Duty, explained, 495. incorporated in Imp. Finance Act, 1894. 498. 550, 573. IMPERIAL Estate Duty, explained. 541. value on which levied. 557. deductions allowed, 560. aggregation, 561. 500 IXDEX. fill I References to paragraphs only crccpt irhcrc oth^-iciac noted. IMPERIAL ESTATE DVTY— Continued. who pays the duty, 564. on personal estate, how payable, 565. from what funds executor may pay, 566. to what property attached, 568. IMPERIAL Finance Act, 1894, 548. how far adopted in Ontario, 548, 550, 551, 578. settled property, liable to, 552. area of taxation, 552. not payable on every Devolution, 555. property in joint names, 556. IMPERIAL Legacy Duty, explained, 497. 498. difference between, and Probate Duty, 500. legacy and legatee, how considered for purposes of duty, 506. least affected by Finance Act, 1894, 511. IMPERIAL Probate Duty, explained, 487. applied only to personal estate, 491. abolished 1st August, 1894, 494. IMPERIAL Settlement Estate Duty, explained, 569. IMPERIAL Succession Duty explained, 512. property subject to tax, 514. incidence of Succession, 519. where duty did not attach, 524. when payable, 533. a personal debt to Crown, 541. first charge on all property, 542. altered by Finance Act, 1894, 541. IMPLIED covenants on sales by trustees, 268. liability on, 646. IMPLICATION, charge of debts by, 290. IMPOSSIBLE condition for legacy, 692, 693. , INCAPACITIES to act as executor, 6. as admlnistr.itor, 65, 66. INCOME, bequest of when it vests capital, 684. goes with bequest of residue, 775. INCONSISTENT gifts, 719. INCORPOREAL Hereditaments, 327. INDEFINITE devise, rules as to, 889. INDEMNITY to executors carrying on trade, 1094. to trustees, statutory provision for, 242. INDORSEMENT— See Endorsement. INDEX. References to paragraphs oiiId except ichorc othericiac noted. 501 ji i; I? ■'i INFANT may not be administrator, 67. administration durante minore aetate, 97. real estate, sale of, 248, 249, 964. land belonging to, subject to dower, 266. interest in life policies, how dealt with, 350. may be appointed executor, 2,100. maintenance of, 806, 964, 965-977. advancement of. 971. 1013-1025, 1074. interest allowed upon vested legacy to, 8C9, 967. payment of legacy to, 781, 791. 966. proper parties in mortgage action, 1281. INHERITANCE, rules of, 1034. INSOLVENT deceased, estate of, 617. " ISSUE," devise cr bequest construed, 912. INSURANCE— See Life Insurance, 350. See Fire Insurance. 478. INTEREST in land distinguished from a power, 433, 447. in chattels, extent expained, 435. INTEREST upon legacies, 797. not charged on legacy wrongly paid, 834. when chargeable against executor, 1144. See Comp-'/and Interest, 806. INTERMEDDLING without authority, 167, 168. acts which are not, 174. a question of law, 177. consequences of, 178. INTERMEDIATE interest not disposed of, 782. rents and profits, 87h. INTESTACY, meaning of, 36. persons acting under supposed, 245. INTESTATE estates— See Administration- Estates of Small Value. Crown, administration in favour of — Insolvent deceased. INVENTORY, required from executor, 243, 474. 578. may be given in evidence to prove assets, 1208. INVESTMENT of shares in life policies, 350. INVESTMENTS by executors authorized. 1123. JOINDER of parties, rules as to, 354. JOINT account, mortgage on. 329. contracts, liability on. 352, 637. contractors, rules as to procedure in case of, 1180 acknowledgment by, 1200. rii ; 4 1* - 'Uv A lii i. 502 INDIOX. Jiefcrctins to jmrafliaphs oiihj i.miit itlnrc ulbtniinc uotid. JOINT ACVOV NT— Continued. interest In residue, 956. legacy, survivorship of, (178. name®, property in, Imp. Duty on, '>^ I PARAPHERNALIA, explained, 375. PARTIAL administration, 366. probate, may be granted, 221. PARTICULAR legacy, interest on, 808. PARTIES to actions, 353. mode of objecting where non-joinder, 355. adding, 357. See Procedure. PARTNERSHIP debt, liability of executor on, 638. continuation of liability, 1088. estate money in hands of, 1260. rights of survivorship, 1181. property, no survivorship in. 351. executor cannot purchase, 419. may sell deceased's share in. 420. PATENTS of invention, rights of executors, 34„. PAYMENT into Court, when ordered, 1258. INDEX. 507 RcfcreiiccK In luiraijrniihs nnly (xi:([il irhcrc olhenriic noted. en PAYMENT OF DEHTS, debts payable pari passu, 591. executor liable for, to amount of assets, C21. 127. under advice, 597. to wrong person, 597. of doubtful claim, 597. over-payment on deficiency. 597. priority among creditors, 217. payment of inferior creditor, G12. order in which assets resorted to. 615. devise to executor for, 383. PAYMENT OF LEGACIES. See Legacy. time for. 7GG. postponement of payment, 682, 785. PAYMENT OF RESIDUE, 946. PAYMENTS under forged will, 191. revoked grants, effect of, 152. PECUNIARY legacy given generally charged upon personal estate, 286. PERISHABLE goods, liability of executor for, 393, 779. PERSONAL actions, on whom devolve, 337. 341. contract, executor not liable, 626. estate, actions for wrong to, 340, bequest of all, not specific legacy, 609. primary fund for payment of debts, 284, 453, 727. vested in executors, 247. injury, action for survives, 342. PERSONAL Property, choses in action, 336, 394. liability for goods taken wrongfully, 392. in chattels, inanimate, 317. power of personal representative over, 248. 413, 435. subject to Imp. Succession Duties, 491. 498, 514, 545, 565. to Ontario Succession Duties, 571, 583. vest in executor at once, 432. estate in, extent of, 435. PERSONAL Representative. See Administrator— -Executor— Dc v. of Estates Act. w^hen to be deemed " heirs," 619. 1055. must be before Court, 1240. PERSONAL Security, investment in, 1114, 1120, 1142. PETITIONS tor advice, 1172. PIN-MONEY, cannot be recovered by executor of wif?. 372. 508 INDEX. References to ftaragrapha only e.icci)t icherc othcrwixc noted. ?s? 1' \ i ( i ( 1 ! ' ■ ! I PLKDGE, rights of executor to redeem, 370, 722. of personal property, right to make, 414. PLENE admlnistravlt, defence of, 1204. POLICIES of Insurance, not Included in Apportionment Act, 3G4. subject to Imp. Estate Duty, 551. standard for Ontario Succession Duty, 579. Interest of executors, 350. " POOR relations," 1074. POSSESSION by one executor, effect of, 232, 234. A prima facie title, 198. POSSIBILITIES In chattels real, 335. POSTHUMOUS child, rights of under Dev. of Estates Act, 1007. POSTPONEMENT of payment of legacy, 682, 785, 808. POSTPONED succession under Imp. Succession Duties Act. 529. POUR autre vie, estates, devolution of, 248, 398. POVERTY not disqualification for executor, 5. POWER and authority of executor, 410. POWER OF ATTORNEY. See Attorney. POWER OF SALE, executors have, to meet duties. 589 implies power to take back mortgage, 257. may be exercised by executor, 267. by administrator witli will annexed, 267. lands under Dev. of Estates Act, 248, 253. may be exercised by one of several executors, 238. not so, naked power, 239. special powers under Trustee Act, note 238, 264, 267. PREDE('ESSOR, who for purposes of Imp. Succession Duty, 528. PRESUMPTION of death, erroneous, 244. of death of legatee, 793. by payment of legacies, 829. of payment from lapse of time, displaced, 1249. of satisfaction of debt by legacy, 710. as to legacy given to executor, 705. that children take vested interest, 685. of portion, 723. PRIORITY among creditors, 605, 612. PROBATE, issue of assigned to Surrogate Courts, 39. effect of, 39, 72. renunciation of, 122. revocation of, 137. ancillary, 153. INDEX. 609 RafercnccH to inirayraphit only txcri.l ithirv othirtriae noted. V ROB ATE— Continued. explained, 187. extent of proof made by, 193. what acts executor may do before, 194. necessary to prove appointment, 195, 1190. two methods of, 209. of imperfect instrument, 213. in solemn form, 214. difference in effect of proof, 215. of altered instrument, 219. partial, 221. alterations in not allowed, 222. lost will. 223. how issued, 225. registration of. 330. PROBATE duty. See Imperial Probate Duty, 488. PROCEDURE, rules for. 1179. PRODUCTS and services charged on land. 458. not within sec. 37 of Wills Act, 462. PRODUCTION of testamentary paper, how procured, 123, 208. PROFITS on employment of testator's goods, 382. PROMISE by executor, liability for, 1076. written promises, 1082, 1083. by co-executors, 1200. PROMISSORY notes, how endorsed, 421. PROOF requisite for obtaining grant, 44, 62, 72. PROPERTY in chattels, animate, 298. how estate may become property of executor, 440. never in testator, executor may be liable for, 379. subject to Imperial Succession Duty, 514, 54."), 565. subject to Ontario Succession Duty, 571, 583. in testator must have been absolute, 403. held by testator for particular purpose, 405. PROTECTION of sales by trustees, 248, 267. 269. PROXIMITY of kindred, rules for ascertaining, 1027. exceptions to rules, 1036. PURCHASE money paid out of personal estate, 465. PURCHASER a trustee of purchase money, 279. entitled to growing crops, 312. executor can not become, 419, 1140. executor may become at public auction, 608. death of without paying purchase money, 652. 510 INDEX.' Refercticrs to paraoiaiths oiilif rmiil irhrrc olhirnla:' noted. V\JHCll.\HVAi--Co)itinueil. executor may bcrome of goods sold tinder execution, 441. how affected by non-registration of will, 476. need not iniy until proijate, lift;. not entitled to object on ground of depreciatory cove- nants, 2G9. of personal estate not bound to see to application of pur- chase money, 415. of real estate protected, 248, 267. Q. QUASI Intestacy, meaning of, 73. QUEBEC Will, not within Ancillary Probates Act, 38S. R. REAL ASSETS, exoneration of, 284, 453. HEAL ESTAT;-:, will affecting, 229. power of personal representative over, 248, 2G4. exchange of lands refused, 257. sales before 4th May, 1891. confirmed, 259. cautions against, 262. rights of devisee of under Dev. of Estates Act, 263. conveyance of under contract of sale, 264. sales free from dower, 265. subject to encumbrance. 267. power to sell, lease, etc., nuiy be exercised by executor, 267. by administrator with will annexed, 267. saleable under execution, 273. interest of executor in before Dev. of Estates Act, 277, 619. effect of contract to sell, 279. exoneration of, 284. covenants real, who to sue on, 343. lease of, devolution in case of, 358. limitation of actions for administrators, 420. vested in executors without entry, 434. no merger of executor's interest, 437. termor may acquire fee. 438. liable for mortgage debts, 461. legacy payable out of when vested, 686. estate of trustee in. 929. See Construction Sections of Wills Act. page 284. INDKX. 511 Ri-finiircx to iinniiiKiiilts nnh/ < rriitt irfiirr nthi miH, uoUth REAL SHCIRITIKS, Invi'Htm.Mit in, 1113, 1123. RKCKIPTS l)y one of two trustees, 329. of tnis'fes to Ix- siilfK'i.Mit, IS}. offcct of joining in, \\Zi>. UECOGNIZ.AN'CRS, lial)ilit.v of executor on, \VM\. REDEMPTION of pledged or mortgaged ( haltels. 370. 3S4, REf'l'NniNC} by legatees, 828, S32. REFUS.Vr. to aet. See Reniinelation, 130. REGISTRATION of cautions under Dcv. f)f Estates Act, 202. of mortgage instruments, 33(i. nf probate or letters of administiation, 330. of will, 475, H7S. of caution uiuler Succ. Duty Act, .")83, REI.ATION, administration by, 120, 429. RELIGIOrs education, 977. REMAINDER, rights of executor in, 369, 380. REMOVAL of executors or administrators. 145. of guardian. 904. RENT, devolution of under lease, 358. distress for, 412. RENTS and profits, execut;;r liable for through delay to sell. 483. liability of executor for, 003, 047, 1107. devise of, 893. RENEWAL of lease, executor can make, 257. of lease, assets, 379. of lease, executor may make, 059. RENUNCIATION by executor, 122. by co-executor, 128. mode of refusal, 130. retro-ction of, 133. effect of. on legacy to executor, 705. disclaiming executor acting as agent. 1134. REPRESENTATION among next of kin. 1004, 1026. RESIDI'ARY includes lapsed legacies, 869. clause, general, effect of, 670. devises, rules as to, 873. legatee preferred to next of kin, 77. representative of, may be entitled. 79. legatee, rights of, 948. il2 INDEX. f^' Ifcfrmivcs III iKUiiiiriiiihx inihi i. in jit irhni iitlirniinc nolid. RESIDUE, executors trustees of. 450. legacies to be paid out of mixed, a charge on land, 458, f.88. bequest of. carries Income, 775. payment of (devis-e), 949, payment of (legacy), 1053. RESTRAINT of marriag.'. conditions in, C98-703. RESTS, taking account with. 1150. RETAINER, executors right of, abolished, C07. defence of, 1205-1202. RETRACTING administration, 70. REVERSIONARY Interest lial)le to Imperial Succession Duty, , liable to Imp. Estate Duty. 559. liable to Ont. Succession Duty, 574. REVOCATION of Probp.te. not allowed because deceased had not fixed place of abodf? as stated, 72. assigned to Surrogate Courts. 39. power of High Court as to, 43, 145. In what cases, 228. REVOKED grants, payments under, 152. RULES of Procedure, page 387. a. SALE by acting executors valid, 238. by executor to meet duties, 589. SALES of land by executors or administrators. 253, 254. free from dower, 265, 2fi6. subject to encumbrance, 267. direction to sell mav be exercised by executor, 267. im::)lied covenants on, 268. duty of executor as to, 483. SATISFACTION, presumption of, 710. interest allowed, 799. SCIRE FIERI enquiry, 1222. SEALED packet, 823, SECURITIES lawful for investmenl, 1123. SECURITY. See Administration Bond. SELECTION. See Election. SERVANTS. See Masters and Servants, 347. '•"■(> Marriage Settlcnifiit. SHARKS ma.v l)f' hnpoundod to pay dclits, (ilO. SHIFTING to hciH'Hciarlcs under Dfv. of Fstatfs .Act. 201. SMALL value, ofdatcH of, adniinistratinii, 44. SOLE executor, effect of death if will not proved, 8t;. SOLEMN form, next of kin may cite executor to i)rove will in, 139. proof of will.i in, 214, SOLKJITOH. liability of executor for, 1127. when trustee, allowances to, ll.')4, lltif). costs, executor allowed, 11()4. lien does not extend to will, 204. special circumstances may affect grant of adndnistratlon, 47 note. SPECIFIC i.evisee and specific legatee, marphalllng as between, 461. SPECIFIC legacy charged by testator, 653. distinguished from general. 661. Courts averse to, 607. no abatement in case of, 731. interest upon, 797. delivery of, 821. SPECIAL occupancy, subject to Dev. of Estates Act, 248, 401. power of appointment, how affected by Wills Act, 867, 883. STATUTE-BARRED debt, payment of. 596. 1107. executor may retain, 009. STATUTE of Administration, 70. STATUTE of Distribution, origin of. 984. provisions of. 98.">. table of, page S48. See also page 452. STAFUTES. TABLE OF, page xvii. STOCK, liability as to limited, 3.52. See Bank Stock. 345. .lol.it Stock Companies. 340. not to be transferred by foreign executor. 584. beauest of a sum of. 880. STOLEN goods, liability for, 1112. K.E.A.— 33 m 514 1NJ)EX. ilii- licfcrciicfs 1 1 ptiratjrniihn nuhj r.rrriit irhcrc ollicniisc luilrd. SUBMISSION to arbitration, liability on. 108r>. SUBSTITUTED Executor, 12. SUBSTITUTED Legatee, wherp legacy lapses, G74. SUCCESSION, how consit'^ied for purposes of Imp. Succession Duty, 512. incidence of, 1^19. requisites for under Imp. Succession Duty Act, 529. SUCCESSION Dutii'S. information and bond required frt m trustees. 243. 579. liability of executors to pay, 485. property liable to in Ontario, 571, 583. foreign property brought into Province, 5S4. exceptions to Act, 572. future estates, 574. commuting duties, 575. information required from executors. 243, 579, valuation of property, 579. when duty to be paid. 582. property transferred befnre death. 5S3. beeuest to executor, 586. executors may sell property to meet. 589. time for payment, 582, 590. duties a debt to Crown, 591. Duty. See Imperial Succession Duty, See also Table of Statutes, xvii., and App. page 4G1. 471, 474. SITCESSOR, who. for purposes of Imp. Succession Duty, 527. SUPERSTITIOUS uses, explained, 835, 849. illegal, 835. SUPPOSED inte''-icy, persons acting under, 245. SUPPRESSED V III. procedure to obtain, 201. 208. SURROGATE Courts, in Ontario, account of, 38. jurisdiction of, 39. appeals from, 45. adminis?tration of effects of aliens, 52. may grant administration to stranger, 04. caveat, 146. power of, as to assignment of bonds, 13G. as to removal of executors or ".dministrators, 141. fees in cases of life policies, 350. right to appoint guardians 9fi4. should not interfere when administration suit pendine, 1162. SURROGATE Courts Art. See Table of Statutes, page xvH. SURVIVAL of powers between co-executors and administrators. 235. 57. INDEX. 515 irisf noted. lirfcvcncrft In iiarngrniihs nitlii r.reipt irh-rr othcriciar noted. 11]). Succession Act. 529. •equired frt m 579, [)agc 461. 471, Duty, nZi. 141. Liit pending-, ;e xvii. ninistrators. SURVIVING executor, consent of. to sale, 452. receipts by effectual, 329. devisees may raise money to pay charges, 267. partner must sue alone, IlSl. ' T. TABLE of Distribution, page 348. TAXES, to be kept paid, 480. TEMPORARY administration cum testamento annexo, 29. in absence of next of kin, 01. other instances, 109, 123. TENDER, defence of, 1203. TENOR, executor according to the, 7. TERM of years, see Rents. h(i\v far devolve on executor. 404, 704. TESTAMENTARY paper, production of, 208. TIME of vesting of executor's estate, as distinguished from administrator, 42S. TORTS, actions in respect of, 340. of deceased, liability for, 627. TRADE, liability of executor carrying on, 382, 1087-109.'). 1152. TRADE marks, rights of executors as to, 349. TRESPASS, action of, 630. TRESPASSER, chattels taken by, liability for, 390. TROVER, action of, 629. TRUST Companies, may act as executors, 16. liability, 20. inspection, 25, pnwers, 26. TRUSTEE for sale, difference between, and executor or adminis- trator, 255. 1 RUSTEE ACT. See Table of Statutes, page xxi. TRUSTEES, covenants liy, implied, 268. appointiurnt of new, 246. estate taken by. 333, 930. executor lial