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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. ' .'f 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 \ ^ S c:>^ (/2 ANADA ^. =2iiS»3S^ VISIT OF THK ptj$lj $$0iiiati(rtt FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OP SCIENCE TO THE City of Quebec 1884: Montreal Meeting. l^P I i w * QUEBEC % Deep lined by nature as for proud defence Tis Champlain's town extends a hostess hand ; Ihe British ensign crests her citadel, And, as it flutters on the breeze, bespeaks The war-stained annals of two hundred years Writ golden on the fringe of nature's smile. So much has been written and published in connection with our town and its history that it seems to be almost unnecessary for a committee such as ours to do more than merely to refer our distinguished visitors to the many sources from which information may be drawn. Acting, however, at the suggestion of some of the members of the Association, we have prepared the following brief notes to be of service as a kind of preliminary introduction to some of the natural and historical beauties of one of the oldest cities in North America. The annals of Quebec city form the key-stone of Cana- dian history. It has fittingly been called the Ancient Capital of Canada and the Gibraltar of the New World, and stands as a centre of attraction to the traveller as much from the historical memories which seem to float in the air of its narrow streets, as from the varied scenery which sur- rounds its site. The first impression made upon the mind of a passenger on board one of the Ocean steamers as it passes the inner face of the Island of (3rleans, is not likely to be forgotten. Indeed the scene which bursts upon his gaze is the finest view of the city and its surroundings # _# w ¥ that can be obtained from any stand-point. " The majes- tic apjiearance of Cape Diamond and the fortifications, tlie cupohis and minarets like those of an eastern city, blazing and sparkling in the sun, the loveliness of the panorama, the noble basin like a sheet of purest silv^er, in which might ride with sriety a hundred sail of the line, the graceful meandering of the river St. Charles, the numerous village spires on either side of the St. Lawrence, the fertile fields dotted with innumerable cottages, the abode of a rich and moral peasantry, the distant f tills of Montmorency — the park-like scenery of Point Levis, -the beauteous Isle of Orleans, and more distant still the frowning Cape Tour- mento and the lofty range of purple mcmntains — all these form the gj-ouping of a picture which, without exaggeration, is scarcely to be surpassed in any part of the world," — The beauteous shrine of nature gay festooned With woodland grandeur, — where the soul May drink a draught from summer's rippling bloom. That's shed from mountain, plain, and sinuous stream Like sweet ambrosial odour mortalized. The following facts illustrate the above picture : — ■ The Island of Orleans, which the reader is supposed to be passing, is a favourite resort for Quebecers in sum- mer time. It is twenty miles long and five miles broad. Thvi building near the jHcturesque wharf is the Island Hotel, and higher up, on sloping ground, stands the church and spire of St. Petronile de Beaulieu. In summer there is a regular ferry communication between the Island and Quel)ec. The Indians called the Island Minvjo. It was explored by Jaccpies Car tier in 1535, who, finding grape vines growing upon it, gave it the name of Isle of Bacchus. A year afterwards, it received its present name in honour of De Yalois, Duke of Orleans and son of Francis I. In 1657, it was occupied by six hundred Huron Indians. In 10(51, it was overrun by the Iroquois, when a number of French settlers were murdered. Before the capture of Quebec liy Wolfe, it is said to have been peopled by two thousand peftpl(\ Wolfe's soldiers landed at St. Laurent, on the south shore, and eventually took possession of the whole Island. The parishes are St. Pierre, Ste. Famille, St. Francois, St. Jean and St. Laurent. # Jr- ^ # The Laurentides, or, as they liave boon called, tlie Laurentian Hills, form the highlands to the right. They are part of the Laurentian System, originally described by Sir William Logan. They consist of hornblendic and mi- caceous gneiss, interstratitied with irregular beds of crys- talline lime-stones and bed-like masses of magnetic oxide of iron and other minerals. The hump-backed peak in the distance, a miniature of Ben Lomond, is in the region of Jaciiues Cartier River and its lake district, while behind the Falls oi Montmorency are the Lavjil heights, which, in a continuous range, run towjirds Cape Tourmente. Point Levis, which stands to the left, was named after one of the first Vicerf)ys of Canada. It comprises the town of Levis and two Villages — Lauzon and Bienville — and the parishes of St. David and St. Romuald. The town has a population of fourteen thousand, and possesses a college and a convent. Indian Cove (Anse aux Sauvages) the indentation near the church, is bo called on account of the annual visit of the Micmacs from the Bale des Chaleurs, in Now Brunswick, previous to 1850. Here they assembled to receive from the English Connnissioners presents of blankets, beads and axes, as the descendants of the warriors whi>, in 1775 and 1812, had assisted the English in defeat- ing the invaders from the United States. It was at Levis Wolfe took up his quarters at first, and his example was followed by Arnold in 1775. Round the church of St. Joseph, standing beyond the present graving dock, General Monckton had some lively encounters with the French ; and the same church, it is said, was converted into an hospital after the battle on the Plains of Abraham. Boauport comprises the line of houses on the right, extending along the north shore of the St. Lawrence to the Falls of Montmorency. The parish church is distingui.shed by its two spires, and partly hidden among the trees is the Provincial Asylum for Lunatics. Montcalm tried to strength- en his position by digging entrenchments on an estate now known as Ringfield, above the bridge which spans the St. Charles River. It Avas to these entrenchments he proposed to retreat after the battle on the Plains. Arnold had possession of Beauport in 1775, before he made his memo- rable attack on Quebec. There are some interesting ^ 4^ •TV " 'Jy /ao?^9? # 6 1^ reniiniscencos oonnocteJ witli tlio Manor Hoiiso of Boau- port, wliich is declared to hd the oldest of tlie seigaorial residences built in Canada ; it stands about four mile^ from Quebec. The Palls of Montmorancy, originally called La VacJiey hangs its milk-white curtain of spray to the right. On the shore, in 1751), stood Montcalm's earth- works. The mill at the Falls was built by Peter Paterson. Hero it was that Montcalm kept Wolfe at bay before events reached a climax on the Plains of Abraham. Facing the cataract, stands the Mansion House, built by Governor Haldimand and occupied by the Duke of Kent, the father of Queen Victoria, from 1701 to 1794. The Lome Graving Dock, to the left, on the Point Levis side, was commenced in 18S0. It is being built at the expense of the Dominion Government and when finish- ed will ba capable of accommodating the largest vessel afloat. Its length is tivo hundred feet, breadth one hun- dred feet, and depth twenty-five feet. The LDuise Embankment lies at the mouth of the St. Charles, and received its namo from the Princess Louise. During the ceremony of laying the memorial stone the Marquis of Lome said — "Access to Quebec is easy now to the largest ocean-going vessels. This city has railways far advanced which will pierce to the heart of the granary of the world — the great wlieat centres of the Canadian North- West. The very might and grandeur of the stream on which Quebec is built is in her favour as compared with other centres of commerce, for her visitors have little tax to pay when a favouring wind fails them, while steam must be employed against the strong currents of the upper river. The gigantic quays and the feeding lines of rail stretching inwards unbroken to the prairies, must, in the future en- sure to the ancient capital a place among the most flourish- ing cities of the continent." The River St. CharleSj whose outlet is seen to the right, drains part of the plain known as the plain of St. Charles. It flows from Lake St. Charles, a pleasant re- sort for anglers, and after passing over the falls of Lorette, waters the fertile fields below, here and there presenting Its outlet is supposed to the charm of an English river. ^ # ¥f \ # # liavc boon tho mouth of tlio St. Lawronco, whoso wators miiat havo originally ontorod tho valley at Cap Rouge. Near tho mouth of tho St. Charles is tho site of tho en- campment of Jaccpies Cartior by whom the river was called the St. Croix. The Citadel is the most prominent feature of tho city proper. It covers an area of about forty acres on the suni- mit of Capo Diamond. Under French rule, there were on the top some temi»orary W(joden structures intended as works of defence. In 1823 plans were approved of by tho Duke of Wellington, and in that year the citadel and walls were built at a cost of twenty-live nnllions oi dollars. The fort is now in charge of the Canadian troops numbering about two hundred. The Dufferin Terraoa stretches ahmg the front of the r(>ck for a (quarter of a mile at a height oi one hundred and eighty feet, and forms part of the fortifications. The corner-stone of this magnificent structure was laid by ihe Earl of Dufi'erin in 1878, and is surmounted by five kiosks named respectively Victoria, Louise, Lome, Frontenac, and Plcssis. It is the favorite promenade of the citizens during the sunnner evenings. At the extremity to the right stantls Castle Haldimand, all that remains of the famous Chateau St. Louis, long the Fort and Government House of Quebec. The Laval University buildings stand further to the riglit, :nd with the Seminary buildings form one of the most iuLuresting si.octacles to the stranger. Tliis institu- tion is specially interesting on account of its collections of pictures and scientific apparatus and specimens. The City of Quebec, as a whole, is generally consi- dered to be the most interesting of cities in America. Its site is commanding, its physical surroundings are very striking, and its buildings and their annals are all that tend to interest a tourist. Whether seen from below, in as- cending the river, or froni the steamboat landing in the lower town, the picture it presents is equally novel and impres- sive. From the Terra o, or any elevated position, as for instance, the King's Bastion, the view downwards upon the wharfs and narrow streets crowded with caleches, upon the busy throngs in the market places, upon the blackened throats of chimneys, the steei) stairways and the dingy # Jt w # 8 time worn roofs is one to l)o romomborod. Tho rock sepa- ratos tlio city into a loir/r and an ii.pp"!' town, tho j)rinci[)al building in lower town being the Custom Houfio (that with tho dome), and in upper town the new Parliament Build- ings (near completion). Tho other buildings in tiio city are all described in tho usual guide books, and for further information wo can refer our visitors to the works of our eateemed citizen, James M. LeMoine, Es([. , ex- President of tho Literary and Histoiical Society of Quebec. The two volumes (^hwhec Fad and. Present and Pirfiirnstpn'. Qtmhec can be had at tho rooms of the Historical Society (Ann street). HISTORICAL NOTES. The following table with dates will enable tho reader to note at a glance the loading events of the history of our city, and this wo supplement with a few notes having tho date affixed as a reference : Jaccjues Cartior landed on the banks ot'illver St. Ciuirkv-!, Sept. 14 153.') Quebec founded by Samuel de Champlaln. Jidy ;] 1G08 Foi-t St. Louis built at Quebec '. 1G20-4 Quebec surrendered to Admiral Kirke ... . 1029 Quebec returned to the French 1G32 Death of Chaniplain, tho first Governor, Dec. 25 16:55 Settlement formed at Sillery 1G37 A Royal Gove: nmcnt instituted at Quebec 100:5 Quebec unsuccessfully besieged by Admiral Phii)p3 JGDO Count de Frontenac died, Nov. 2H 1098 Battle of the Plains of Abraham, Sept. L'] 1750 Capitulation of Quel)eo, Sept. 18 IT.oy Battle of St. Foye — a French victory, A[)ril 28 ]7(>() Canada ceded by treaty to r]nglaiid J 70:) Blockade of Quebec by Generals Montgomery and Arnold, Nov. 10 ! 1775 Deatli of of Montgomery, SlstDec 1775 Retreat of Americans from Quebec, May ^ 1776 Division of (^anada into Upper and Lower Canada 1791 ('itadel of ( uebec built by Imperial Government 182:5 Insurrection in Canada 1H.'57 Sect)iul Insurrection 18.'58 Union of the two Provinces in one 1840 Dominion of Canada formed, July 1 1.S67 Departure of English troops from Citadel 1870 # # # \ w ^ # 9 Second ("!ent,cmiry of Foundalion of irishopric of Quebec by M()iisei<;:tieiir fiaval, Oct. 1st. IrtTI 1871 Centenary ot Ivt'pni.so of Arnobl luul Mont^joniery before Quebec, on :51st Dec, It?;'), .'{1st Docemlter 1H7.") DufltTiri IMiin.-^ of City enii)ellisbnictit, Chn'stnuis day IST.'i Depiu-ture of the VaiA of Dullerin, iHtli Oct '. 1H7S Arrival ofMariiuls of Lorno ) whence they brought him water during his last m. 00 pm. The train for Sherbrooke, by the Quebec Central Railway, leaves at 1.45 p. m. , (station in Levis by the lower ferry. ) 1^^ ., #j #j \ ^ w w 13 Mails for EpglaiiJ direct, every Saturday, at 11 a.m., and via the United States, every Monday, at 5 p.m. For otlier places, tliere are daily mails by the regular trains leaving Quebec. The letters are delivered, a^ in England, b}^ carriers. The St. Louis Hotel, on St. Louis street, and the Russell House, on St. Ann street, conducted conjointly, are the best hotels in the city. Executive Committee. Hon. Mr Mr I' Price, Langelicr. Cliainnan. ., Treasurer. Dr. Harper, Secretary. Mr, LeMoiue. Mr. Stewart. Mr. Oami)I)elI. Hon. Mr. Hearn. Hon. Mr. Ross. Mr. Chambers. Dr. Marsden. Lieut. Morgan. ]\Ir. Laird. Citizens' Committee. Any of the following gentlemen will be ready to give in- formation on all points of interest : — Hon. F. Langelier, M.P., Prof. Civil Law, LavalUniversity, and Mayor of the City of Quebec. Hon. D. A. Ross, President of Lit. and Hist. Society, Westfield. Hon. H. G. Joly, ex-Premier of the Province of Quebec. Joseph Shehyn, President of Hie board of Trade. J. M. LeMoine, F.R.S.C, ex-President of tlie Royal Society of Canada, Spencer Grange. George Stewart, Junr., F.R.S.(.\, Vice-President of the Literary and Historical Society, 14(5 St. Augustin Street. J. M. Hari)er, M.A., Ph.D., Rector of the Quebec High School, ;!<) Denis Street. James Stevenso.n, j\lanager, Quebec Bank. J. U. Gregory, Department of Marine and Fisheries. Jl. R. Dobell, Aierchant, beauvoir. Thos. Beckett, Aierchant, Marchinont. John BurstaH, lAk'rchant, Glengrove. Herbert Price, Mei'chant, The Cottage, Montmorency. Hon. P. Garnean, M.P.P.. ]\bnchant. Dr. iMansden, cx-President Col. of Phy. & Sur., Canada. Hon. L. llynn, Couiniis.sioner of Railways. Col. Rhodes, President Geographical Society, Benmore. Owen Murphy, e.v-Mayor of Quebec. Ernest Pacaud, Kditov f /'J/ecfein: William D. Campbell, N.P. Rev. Professor 1 atiamine, Laval University. # A _* 14 AViIham Wurtele. Merchant. Andrew Thomson, President of the Union Bank. JoZ O' T '"''' -^''IP ^*^*^« Admiralty. John C.Thomson, President of Y.M C A John J- Foote Prop. Jfornin^ Chronicle: r; ;• r m' ?f-^-9-E. CxovernmentEnoineer Koderick McLeod, Chemist. ° William Hossack, Chairman of the School Board lit' ^ ;"' J.'^"^^'^^- i^ake St. John Railway Hon. Judge Caron, Superior Court. ^" IJon. Judge Andrew Stuart. "^Z: [-Soi, izr''"""' "'■ ^'■""" ^'"'"- Cyr. Duquet, City Councillor. Julin Laird, Insurance Ao-ent Lieut. H. D. Morgan. ° ' A.Robertson, Barrister. Son* t/- ^'^^r^ ^''y- Education Dept. Hon. Ihos. McGreew, M. P * T p" p' "^'' S^'?^ Minister of Militia. J. (jr. Bosse, M. P. Dr. Rinfret, M. P. p. F'^lix Carbray, M. P p Col. Cotton, R. C. A. Capt. Drury, Major Wilson, Capt. Peters, Hon. J. G. Ross, Senator. R.v" r'\'^°"T,"''"' ^^^^o'*' Cathedral. Rev" D, h'' ^V" u°'' ^^^'''''^y ^^"^"'cl^- FT li rr'^'h ^^''^^*'^^' Laval University n; TT?n' ^\\'^"''^e':s, City Councillor. ^ Dr. Henry Russell. Richard Turner, Merchant. Th Vm'"'7!;^' ^L^-^'-' barrister. Iheophilus Oliver, Barrister. Rev V-4^"^f.'-^^on Spruce Clilf, Levis. Alfred W hite, Merchant. Peter MacEwen, Cashier Union Bank. K. H. Smith, Merchant. William Cpok, Ban-ister James Dunbar, Q.C., Barrister. Joseph Whitehead, Mei chant ~m a a n V ^ i • # 11 "r If 15 r I. ,- a Plon. Judge Routhier, F.R.S.C. Hon. Jean Blaucliet, M.P.P., Provincial Secretary. 1 Parte, Editor CWnm/ien. Thos. Chapai3, Editor Connier du Canada. Dr. St. George, M.P. Hon. I. Tliibaiideau. Hon. J. G. Blancliet, Collector of Customs Hon. John Hearn, M.L.C., Alderman. Charles Langelier, Barrister. Dr. E. C. Lemieux, President College ofPhysicians and Surgeons. Dr. Uelleau, Secretary << H ■■ A. J. Maxham, Merchant. John Budden, Merchant. Hon. Gedeon Ouimet, Superintendent of Education. E. C. E. Gauthier, City Councillor. Col. Forsyth, Queen's Own Hussars. Major Patton, Supervisor of Cullers. E, J. Hale, Merchant. Hon, John Wasson, United States' Consul Count Premio Real, Spanish Consul General. Major W. A. Hoi well. Col. Pope. E. T. Fletcher, Crown Lands Department. D. p. Meara, Surveyor of Customs. Major Crawford Lindsay, Quebec Field Battery. h. Lebage, Department of Agriculture, Quebec. Edwin Pope, Supt. G. X. ^y. Telegraph Co. rj. n. Spauldmg. Robt. Campbell, Advocate. J. G. Clapham, President Q. Ins. Co. Dr. Parke. Alfred White, Merchant. D. C. Thomson, Merchant. Lt.-Col. Turnbull, Military School. Montefiore Joseph, Merchant. 0. L. Richardson. Merchant Archibald Campbell, Prothonotary. Robert Brodie, Merchant. C. Baillairge, F.R.S.C. G. R. Renfrew, Merchant. Col. E. G. Scott, 8th Royal Rifles. \ \ l#_ J^