\q 3D00XJn^E:N"i:s IN REFERENCE TO i r- rHE GENERAL ADOPTION OF THE Twenty-Four Hour Notation ON THE Railways of America. ■ <•» » SUBMITTED AT THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS New York, January 19th, 1887. CITIZEN PRINTING AND PUBLISHING CO,, METCALFE STREET. 1887 Tlie Twenty-Four Hour Notation. The following documents are printed for the infor- mation of all concerned in advancing the successful operation of Railways, and in promoting the general public convenience. They show^ why, and how, and with what results,, the twenty-four hour notation has been tested experi- mentally on 2,600 miles of Railway, since July ist, 1&86. They establish that there are great advantages in the use of the new notation in operating Railways. They show that it is quite easily introduced; that business men; and the general public accept the change with remarkable, readiness. This experimental trial of the new notation has; proved so successful that it has been decided to adiopt it permanently on every division of the Canadian Pacific Railway and on other Railways connecting therewith. The documents herewith submitted undoubtet^ly indicate that the twenty-four hour system, must inevitably come into use on every Railway in America, and be accepted sooner or later by the whole community. 3 LIST OF DOCUMENTS. 1. Report of the Si)ecial Committee on Uniform Standard Time, of the American Society of Civil Engineers, presented at the annual meeting in New^York, xQth January, 1887. 2. Circular issued when the twenty-four hour notation was first intro- duced on the Canadian Pacific Railway, dated June loth, 1886. .3. Condensed time table for the line from Lake Superior to the Pacific Coast, operated on the twenty-four hour notation. ■ .4. Letter from VV. C. Van Home, Vice-President Canadian Pacific Railway, on the use of the new notation for six months, January 7th, 1887. .5. Letter fromW. Whyte, General Superintendent Western Division, Canadian Pacific Railway, January isl, 1887. '6. Letter from C. Shields, Assistant Superintendent, Medicine Hat, December 17th, 1886. . 7. Letter from J. N. Niblock, Assistant Superintendent, Port Arthur, December 13th, 1886. 8. Letter from J. A. Cameron, Train Master, Winnipeg, December , i6th, 1886. • . .9, Letter from A. Allan, Chief Train Dispatcher, Port Arthur, Decem- ber Sth, 1886. '3.0. Letter from C. D. Kevin, Chief Train Dispatcher, Medicine Hat, December loth, 1886. -ai. Letter from Geo. Thompson, Conductor, Winnipeg, December 14th, 1886. !i2. Letter from W. H. Fogg, Conductor, Winnipeg, December 13th, 1886. 33. Letter from L. H. Sullivan, Conductor, Winnipeg, December 7th, . 1886. 14. Letter from C. McLennan, Conductor, Fort William, December nth, 1886. <^. Lette*-irom P. A. Bogue, Agent, Port Arthur, December loth, 1886. 4 1 6. Letter from F. Western, Agent, Fort William, December 6th, 18861 . 17. Letter from R. Reading, Agent, Rat Portage, December i6th, i886t . 18. Letter from E'd. W. Chapman, Yard Master, Rat Portage, December - 14th, 1886. ■ 19. Letter from H, L. Bell, Agent, Ignace, December 3rd, 1886. 20. Letter from W. C. Burns, Agent, Pilot Mound, December 14th,.. 1886. 21. Letter from J. F. Hunter, Agent, Crystal City, December 15th,, 1886. 22. Letter from J. H. Longworth, Agent, Portage la Prairie, Decem- ber 15th, 1886. 23. Letter from J. A. Kammerer, Agent, Indian Head, November, 24th, i836. 24. Letter from C. O. Davidson, A gent, Wolseley, November 24th, 1886. 25. Letter from W. C. Fowler, Agent, Regina, November 29th, 1886. 26. Letter from E. B. Fowler, Agent, Calgary, December 16th, 1886. * 27. Letter from W. A, Killien, Agent, Banff, November 25th, 1886. 28. Letter from C. E. Wells, Agent, Golden City, November 23rd, 1886. 29. Letter from F. W. Peters, Agent, Brandon, December r3th, 1886. 30. I^etter from J. Murray, December i8th, 1886. 31. Letter from the Mayor of Port Arthur, December 30th, 1886. ] 32. Letter from the Mayor of Brandon, November 23rd, 1886. 33. Letter from the Mayor of Winnipeg, November 17th, 1886. 34. Letter from Acton Burrows, President Manitoban Company^ January 3rd, 1887. 35. Letter trom W. R. Baker, General Superintendent M. & N. W. Railway, November 20th, i886. 36. Letter from E. T. Gait. Manager North- Western Coal & Naviga- tion Co., December 1st, 1886. 37. Letter from J. Baily, Superintendent North- Wester Coal &: Navi- gation Co., November 25th, 1886. 38. Letter from T. D. Kevin, Train Dispatcher, North- Western Coal & Navigation Co., November i8th, 1886. 39. Letter from Thos. G. Shaughnessy, Assistant General Manager C.P.R., January 7th, 1887. i 40. Letter from the Hon. J. Norquay, Premier, Province of Manitoba, January 9th, 1887. 5 41., Letter from the Hon. J. C. Aikins, Lieut. -Governor, Province of Manitoba, January loth, 1887. 42. Letter from Collingwood Schreiber, Chief Engineer and General Manager Canadian Government Railways, January 15th, 1887. 43. Rcsolulions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, . iQth^nuary, 1887. 44. Note on the old usage and the new Notation. 45. Railway Superintendents, Managers, Presidents, &c. heard from Hivourable to the 24 hour notation and ready at the proper time to adopt it. 46. Scientists and other prominent persons in favour of the new notation. List published in 1884. iV'-'; ■■■' ^X. ^fh ^^\ ■/.' ' Montreal, June I oth, 1886. In view of the new conditions that have to be met by this Company in estabhsh'Mg a continuous train-service on a line of railway covering fifty-three degrees of longitude and soon to cover sixty degrees (or four hours of time), it is necessary for convenience and to avoid confusion^ to adopt what is known as the " twenty-four hour system," that is, to substitute the numbers 13 to 24 for the present P.M. hours i to 12, so that the hours from midnight to midnight will be numbered from i to 24. ,^ ■,.:■, , . _.. -■'■... A large majority of the Railway Managers of Canada and the United States have formally expressed their opinion in favour of the "twenty-four hour" system, and this opinion is concurred in by the public press and by all the leading scientific men of the contine The wisdom of the adoption of the "Standard Time' system, which is now used throughout North America is no longer disputed^ and it is only a question of a very short time when the " twenty-four hour" system will be as generally followed. It will be an honour to Canada to take the lead in this important reform. The Directors in taking this step hope for the approval of the public and the hearty co-operatiorj of all the employees of the company. It is intended to make the change first on all the lines of the com- pany west of Lake Superior, beginning with the next change in time- tables. ' ■ ' , Paper dials with the new afternoon numbers will be furnished both for clocks and watches free of charge to the public as well as to employees of the company.* These dials may be easily applied to any watch or clock by following the directions accompanying the circular. Arrangements will be made at the different divisional points for their application to the watches of employees, and those who are unable to * These paper dials are made of thin white paper, of sufficient size to contain the new afternoon hours, 13 to 24, to be inserted within the existing Roman numerals, I to XII. They are cut to the proper size, pierced for the axis of the hands, coated with gum and ready for application as explained in the accompanying directions. 9 fhave them apj^lied by the persons appointed for the purj^ose may obtain them from any agent of the company, '"hose requiring dials for docks should state the diameter of the clock dials inside of the present figures. W. C. VAN HORNE, ^iV¥\v,'h'- ^;.>^ >.. y'ice-Fresident. It has been decided to adopt the twenty-four hour system on the Western and Pacific Divisions, being that portion of the line west •of Port Arthur. The following cut will explain the system. The A.M and P.M. will be abolished, and the hours from noon to midnight will be from 12 to 24 o'clock. t :■ i':''"'- '.'1 ->; M-.1 Eastern Time is adopted on all parts of the line east of Port Arthur. Central Time, Port Arthur to Broadview. Mountain " Broadview to Donald. Pacific " Donald to Vancouver. Thus, when it is 12 noon at Montreal, - - Eastern time. It is II o'clock at Brandon, - Central " '* 10 " " Regina, - - Mountain" " 9 " " Vancouver, . Pacific 10 c Directions for Appljnng Extra Dials for the " Twenty- Four Hour System." If the watch or clock has a second hand, a segment should be removed from the extra dial to make room for it as shewn on the •diagram. . -■■■; .f^vj^f ■■ For applying the new dial, moisten every part, of its gummed sur- face, then carefully place it in position and press it on evenly and firmly so that eveiy portion will adhere. Unless this is done the new dial may scale oft" or blister and interfere with the hands. The best time to apply the new dial will be at half-past four, half- past five, half-past six or half-past seven, when both the hour and minute hands are out of the way. '': ''^S-- ;«■•:■ ■:-> ■ 1; II No. 3. Condensed Time Table for that portion of the Trans-Continental line between Lake Superior and the Pacific Coast operated on the twenty -four hour notatiop Time. Miles from Montreal. Principal Stations. • TiMB. a 1 CO 1 ? o 15:10 15:30 17:40 18:20 21:30 24:33 1:33 3:38 5:52 6:40 8:10 9: to 10:43 H:48 12:37 14:10 15:20 16:35 18:38 19:40 20:58 22:16 23:45 24:25 2:00 7:00 11:10 14:20 16:53 18:36 20:25 22:50 2:25 3:03 4:00 5:25 6:50 9:03 9:00 11:57 16:05 18:56 23:10 1:43 4:29 6:10 8»65 12:00 993 1000 1052 1069 1145 1235 1249 1290 1342 1362 1402 1423 1452 1479 1500 1529 1556 1589 1642 1687 1717 1747 1779 1789 1821 1934 J020 3083 •>136 :!173 ;;'208 :; 262 ;:329 '.342 ;!36l 2385 2395 2429 2446 2482 2525 2559 2654 2699 2748 2775 2824 2892 2906 Lv....rOKT AKTHUK....Ar. FORT WILLIAM DEXTER 11:45 11:28 9:23 8;45 5:50 2:35 1:33 23:32 21:01 20:10 18:40 17:50 16:08 15:05 14:15 13:10 11:45 10:16 8:11 6:30 3:38 2:17 25:50 24:25 22:25 18:05 14:05 11:15 8:44 7:07 5:35 3:00 24:01 23:18 22:28 21:17 20:25 17:55 17:10 13:28 9:15 6:14 2:10 23:25 20:35 19:00 16:05 13:00 3 >-« 1-9 1.-' c O • ■ \ : - SAVANNE IGNACE EAGLE RIVER PAHRYWOOD RAT PORTAGE RENNIE WHITEMOI?TH SELKIRK WINNll'EG marquette p. la praikie McGregor CARBERRY BRANDON OAK LAKE MOOSOMIN BROADVIEW WOLSELEY QU'APPELLE regina — ■ . JimiiiXii. Mountain Standard Time. o a C rt- a p. » H 5 GRAND COULEE MOOSE JAW SWIFT CURRENT MAPLE CREEK MEDICINE HAT TILL2Y LATHOM GLEICHEN CALGARY CANMORE BANFF SILVER CITY STEPHEN FIELD GOLDEN CITY DONALD Pacific Time. GLACIER HOTEL REVELSTOKE SICAMOUS J* KAMLOOPS ASH(JROFT ....LYTTON NORTH BEND RUBY CREEK PORT MOODY Ar VANCOUVER Lv. 12 '-'-■<'^'';' -■^■'^'..^"^'■' No. 4. • Letter from the Vice-President and General Manager Canadian '"^ . , Pacific Railway Co. Montreal, 7th January, 1887. My Dear Mr. Fleming, You will be interested iri 1crt6Wing how the 24-o'cl6ck- system has worked so far on our Hne and how it has b6en received by the public. I, therefore, send you the enclosed letters on the subject which have been forwarded to me by the General Superintendent of our Western Division. From personal enquiries and observations, I a 11 happy to be able to confirm the most favourable reports of the working of the system. We have found it most convenient and useful, and t think we will be ready on the issue of our next time bill to extend it over all of our lines and have reason to believe that it will be adopted verj^soon by a number of neighbouring lines in Central Canada as has already l>Gen done by two independent railway companies in Manitoba and the North-West Territories. ., ^, Yours very truly, W. C. VAN HORNK, Vice-President. Mr. Sandford Fleming, C.M.G., C.E., Ottawa. No. 5. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. western division. Office of tIhe General Superintendent. Winnipeg, Man., ist January, 1887. W. C. Van. Horne, Esq., Vice-President, Montreal. Dear Sir, Referring to yours of the 7th ult. 1 enclose herewith a lar^i number of letters from Assistant Superintendents, Conductors, Dis- patchers, Agents and others, who, as you will observe, all endorse the 24-hour system of reckoning time. From these letters it is evident that the new system is steadily coming into general use througout this country. It has already been adopted at nearly all the important towns and is most favorably looked upon every where along the line. The only f3.. objection which has ever been advanced against it, is, that it is new and unlike the old system, but this objection has to a large extent passed away. Both the Manitoba & North Western Railway Company and the North-West Coal & Navigation Company have adopted the twenty- four hour system, and I enclose letters from Mr. Baker and Mr. Gait regarding same. My own opinion is that it will in course of time become universal;, at present some sections of the country have not taken kindly to it as they consider it an innovation on an old established custom, but it is only a matter of time when they will get used to the new system and wonder they did not approve of it before. From a railway standpoint it is infinitely superior to the oM cystem ; it simplifies the issuing of train orders and makes the movement of trains under our telegraph system much safer, and anything which con- tributes to the safety of the travelling public is of course for the general good of the community. Yours truly, W. WHYTE, General Superintendents No. 6. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. Assistant Superintendent's Office. Medicine Hat, N.W.T., December 17th 1886. W. Whyte, Esq., General Superintendent. Dear Sir, With respect to the introduction, on this Division, of the twenty four hour system of recording time, I have to say : That in the handling of trains I have found it to be infinitely safer than the old, or twelve hour system, there being much less liability to errors, both in train orders and in the interpretation of time schedules. Its simplicity is obvious, in that, from the first day of its adoption I have not found an employee connected with the transportation depart- ment who has not readi'y cornj)rehended it. From conversation with employees, and /rori interviews with citizens, at the different stations along the line, I learn that the new system is gradually being adopted by the public, and that where adopted it is generally appreciated and recognized to be a much simpler, and therefore better, system of recording time. I would also mention that the twenty^^pur hour system has, universally, b«en adopted by the press throughout the territories. In conclusion I have only to say that I consider the new system immeasurably preferable to the old, and that, owing to the many benefits, arising from its use, it cannot but, eventually ,^ be adopted by everyone looking to his own convenience and ta the safer handling of trains, by railway corporations. Yours truly, C SHIELDS, Assistant Superintendents No. 7. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. Assistant Superintendent's Office. Port Arthur, December 13th, 1886. W. Whvte, Esq., General Superintendent, Winnip«g. ' Dear Sir, With reference to the twenty-four hour system, I now enclose letters from Chief Train Dispatcher.Trainmaster and agents, which will speak for themselves. I don't know that there is much left for me to say beyond the fact that I certainly think it an excellent change. There is as. much difference between it and the old system as there is between the system of dollars and cents and pounds, shillings and pence. We have, perhaps, not got as rapidly into it at this end, as further west, on account of it not having been yet adopted on the Eastern Division, which necessitates our working to a certain extent on both systems. If the s.ystem is adopted along the whole line it will be a grand success. Yours truly, J. NIBLOCK, Swj>erit. tendcni. No. 8. • :%.>.;. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMpXnY. ;J-t^j* • ■ • WESTERN DIVISION. Train Master's OFncE, Rat Portage and Thunder Bay Sectictns. Winnipeg, December i6th, 1886. J. NiBLOCK, Esq., ^ , Superintendent, Port Arthur. Dear Sir, . ■ In regard to the twenty-four hour system of computing time, at pres- ■€nt in vogue on the Western Division of this Hne, I wish to say that I -consider it a very decided improvement on the old system for various reasons, at the same time I think that its universal adoption will be necessary in order to make it a complete success in every respect. As regards the movement of trains it has been found to be very satis- factory, having many advantages, and of its disadvantages I have yet to •learn. . ' The general public no doubt are somewhat confused in travelling ■over the line from the East to meet with it first on the Western Division, but I firmly believe that if it were adopted on the several divisions of the road it would be found a grand success. Yours truly, - J. A. CAMERON, Train Master. No. 9. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. x western division. Chief Train Despacther's Office. Port Arthur, December 8th, 1886. J. NlBLOCK, Esq., . ■ Superintendent. . - . Dear Sir, In answer to your enquiry regarding our twenty-four hour system, I very much prefer it to the old twelve hour system, and believe it may be adopted generally on the line with as much advantage as here. Yours truly, A. ALLAN. Chief Train Dispatcher. 16 No. 10. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. •Medicink Hat, December loth, 1886. W. Whyte, Esq., General Superintendent, Winnipeg. Dear Sir, In compliance with Superintendent's request to state my opinion regarding the twenty-four houi; system, I beg to say that I am strongly in favor of it. Since its adoption on this Division about five months ago, I have found this system' of material convenience in moving trains, and consider it more conducive to safety than the old system. Respectfully, D. KEVIN, Chief Train Dispatcher. (Between Broadview and Medicine Hat.) No. 11. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. Winnipeg, December 14th, 1886. Mr. Cameron, Train Master. Dear Sir, With regard to the twenty-four hour system for movement of trains — I consider it is an improvement on the twelve hour system. I find when running on Time Orders the new system has a decided advantage over the old system. I have not been in charge of any work trains since the new system came into use, but I should judge that they could be run with greater ease and safety under the new than under the old system. Yours truly, GEO. THOMPSON, Passenger Conductor, b 17 No. 12. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILW/\Y COMPANY. Winnipeg, December 13th, 18861. J. NiBLOCK, Esq., Superintendent, Port Arthur. Dear Sir, Having had about six months' experience of the twenty-four hour system, I have only one fault to find, and that is when passengers from the eastern provinces ask the time, and you tell them it is 20 or 23 o'clock, they are surprised ana want an explanation. But I find it very good in the running of trains, as it does away with a.m. and p.m. I think in course of time it will be satisfactory to all. The above fault is all I have against it. Yours truly, W. H. FOGG, Passenger Conductor^ No. 13. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. Winnipeg, December 7th, 1886. J. NiiJLOcK, Esq.,^ Superintendent, Port Arthur. Dear Sir, In re the twenty-four hour time system now in use on the C.P.R., I will say I think it far superior to the old style of reckoning,[for many rea- sons too numerous to mention. The only fault I find with it is that as the travelling public from a distance do not use it to any great extent, as a general rule I find that when a passenger asks me what time it is, and I tell them 18.20, for instance, they don't know what I mean, then I have to explain about the twenty-four hour system. Otherwise I find the system all right. Respectfully yours, , L. H. SULLIVAN, Passenger Conductor^ 18 No. 14. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. Fort WiLLrAM, December nth, t886. Mr. John Niijlock, Port Arthur. Dear Sir, Respecting the twenty-four hour system I can only say that after working under it for now nearly six months, I consider it in every way preferable to the old style which it supplanted. The most obvious advan- tage it presents is the doing away with a/m. and p.m. Likewise doing away with any possibility of mistaking the time in "train orders." From per- sonal observation, as well as from conversation with others, I am con- vinced that the only inconvenience that may at present exisr arises from its limited adopticn. This inccnvenience in no way affects railway service, but merely applies to the travelling public coming for the first time on this Division of the Railway and meeting with the change of system. Its universal adoption combined with the use of standard time cannot fail, in my estimation, to prove most advantageous to railway. service. Yours truly, C. McLENNAN, Freight Conductor. No. 15 CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. Port Arthur, December loth, i886.., J. NiRLOCK, Esq., ^ Superintendent. • Dear Sir, Your enquiry re the working of the twenty-four hour system. In my department I have found it quite a material benefit, as it facilitates all our work and there is no danger of any misapprehension or misunderstand- ing the hour intended. There is no possibility of an error being made in mistaking the hours of a. m. for p. m., and there is no room foe doubt that it adds to safety in the operation of the road 19 Since the ado|)tion of this system by the Company, it has come into ahiiost general use by the pubhc in this vicinity in business affairs, and you can notice by the j)ublic ])rints that notices of meetings &c., are advertised generally according to the twenty-four hour system. The business men here are in favor of the twenty-four hour system. . Yours truly, -^ , , P. A. BOGUE, J sent. ■'^- '.'?: U;\\ A* ,..■■..:,,.:.■:,•;.,--;;:..,. No. 16. ■'*:• CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. Fort William, December 6th, 1886. ■Jno. Niklock, F=:' Referring to yours of Noveinl)er 22nd, I beg to inform you that notwithstanding the short time during which the twenty-four hour system of reckoning time has been in force, it has been almost universally adopted by the public in this vicinity. Of course there are many residing at a di.stance from the station who still adhere to the former system, but there is no doubt whatever that they will gradually fall in with the new plan. For myself, 1 think it is infinitely superior to the old system, being more convenient, more simple, and preferable in every respect. I have heard a great many in my neighborhood express the same opinion. Yours truly, C. O; DAVIDSON, ^ AgenL 24 No. 25. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. Reoina, November 29th, 1886. W. Whyte, Esq., General Superintendent. Dear Sir, I am pleased to note that the twenty-four hour system is talked of with great favor. Those who have adopted the system declare it preferable to the former one. I have spoken to a large number of our people on the subject, and have not met with a single person objecting to the new system. With regard to this (^strict it is pretty generally used, and I feel certain that every individual in the district will adopt it within a very short time. Yours truly, W. C. FOWLER, Agent. No. 26. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. Calgary, December i6th, t886. W. Whyte, Esq., Gen. Supt. W. D., Winnipeg. ' Dear Sir, With regard to the twenty-four hour system, am pleased to state that its adoption is being and has been spoken of with great praise, credit being given the inventor by the travelling public, and to the Company for the prompt steps they have taken in putting before the public this useful system. I have not as yet met with one individual who does not approve of it greatly, and considers it far superior to the former system, there being less liability to error, than under the old, which in many cases caused passengers to miss trains owing to a misunderstanding as to time of their arrival and departure, arising from the use of a.m. and p.m. With the present system they find no difficulty whatever in this respect. It is being used by the largest portion oC 25 private and business houses of the city, and is generally spoken of as being much preferable to the twelve hour system. I feel certain the new system will be adopted generally by every individual in this •community in the near future. Yours truly, E. B. FOWLER, Agent. No. 27. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COIIPANY. Banff, November 25th, 1886. W. Whyte, Esq., Gen. Supt., Winnipeg. Dear Sir, > . ^ The twenty-four hour time system is being used and appreciated "by many of the public in this vicinitj', and the number is constantly increasing. It is found to be superior to the old system as there are no mistakes possible in its use. My own experience is that it is superior ' in every respect to the old time system. In its use I experience no difficulty with the travelling public, as I often have had formerly through passengers not understanding a.m. and p.m., and thereby missing trains. I sincerely hope its use will become general. Yours truly, ^ W. A. KILLIEN, Agent. f No. 28. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. Golden City, B. C, November 23rd, 1886. Wm. Whyte, Esq., General Superintendent, Winnipeg. Dear Sir, With regard to the tw;enty-four hour system adopted by this Company I would say that the public in this vicinity look upon it with favor, and I have no doubt would be pleased if it became universal. Its superiority 36 -over the old twelve hour measure must be apparent to all, especially in those time cards ^nd folders issued by railway comjwnies for -informa- tion and guidance to the travelling jjublic. With the old system confusion is often caused by the necessity for using a. m. and p.m., day and night often being confounded. This is entirely avoided by the twenty-four hour system. The information on the time cards is now so explicit that it is easily understood by everyone. The new system is also of greater use in moving trains by telegraph. These facts understood, the wisdom of its adoption is at once made manifest. Yours truly, ' C. E. WELLS, AgefU. No. 29. CANAI)L\N PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. Brandon, December 13th, 1886. W. Whyte, Esq., General Superintendent. Dear Sir, In reference to the working of the twenty-four hour system at this point, I beg to say, that while it has not been entirely adopted b) the pub- lic, except those immediately connected with the Road, it has become tolerably familiar to the majority of the people, particularly to those who travel. We have ceased to hear comments upon it, to any extent, by those enquiring the time of arrival or departure of trains, &c., which goes to show they are getting accustomed to the system, and any comments we ■do hear are anything but unfavorable. Yours truly, F. W. PETERS, Agent, No. 30. CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. WESTERN DIVISION. AssisT.\NT Superintendent's Office. Winnipeg, M.\n., December i8th, 1886. "W. Whvte, Esq., General Superintendi>nt. Dear Sir, In reply to yours of December 4th, regarding the twenty-four hour 37 / system, I attach replies from a number of agents along the line. From the tenor of their replies and my own observation I judge that amongst people who have become most familiar with it, especially the travelling public, it is most favorably regarded, and that it is only a question of time when it will be universally used if it is continued by the Railway Company. One reason I think why it has not been more generally used is that an impression has gone abroad that it was only an experiment on the part of J;he railway company, and that it might be changed at any time and that it was not worth while to have watches and clocks changed. When it is thoroughly understood that the twenty-four hour system is to be permanently used on the railway it will quickly come into general use. I am decidedly in favor of the twenty- four hour system for operating the railway and think it would be a great mistake to go back to the old system. Yours truly, J. MURRAY. i No. 31. From the Mayor of Fort Arthur. MAYOR'S OFFICE. Port Arthur, December 30th, 1886. Wm. Whvtk, Esq., General Superintendent C. P. R. • Dear Sir, The question of the twenty-four hour system has been brought to my notice, and also the query whether it would be advisable to have it in operation botn east and west of Port Arthur? I think it most desirable to have an uniform time, and think the twenty-four hour system should be put in operation throughout the whole line of the Canadian Pacific Railway. I remain, yours truly, GEO. H. MACDONNELL, Mayor.^ 28 No 32. From the Mayor of Brandon. CITY CLERK'S OFFICE. City of Brandon, Man., November 23rd, 1886. My Dear Sir, Your Agent, Mr. Peters, has asked me to give my opinion of the twenty-four hour system now in vogue on your line. As it has not, as yet, been adopted by the general public here as a standard system, I am hardly ?ble to give a decided answer as to its success. For railway purposes, I should imagine it is a great improvement on the old system. •I have no doubt as soon as the public can fully appreciate its advantages!, and are thoroughly initiated, it will be wondered how we managed to hold on to such an " old time " idea as long as we did. I am, yours very truly, JAS. A. SMART, Mayor. W. VVhyte, Esq., General Superintendent C. P. R. No. 33. From the Mayor of Winnipeg. MAYOR'S OFFICE. City of Winnipeg, 17th November, 1886. VV. Whyte, Esq., General Superintendent C. P. R., Winnipeg. Dear Sir, • ' Answering your favor of 15 th inst. I desire to say that I am very favorably impressed indeed with the twenty-four hour system, and trust that in a short time it will prevail 0/ the whole continent. Yours ^ruly, H. S. WESTBROOK, Mayor. 29 No. 34. From the President of the Manitoban Compatiy. Winnipeg, Man., January 3rd, 1887. Dear Mr. White, In reference to your enquiry as to the twenty-four hour time system' I beg to say that when the system first came into force it was adopted in. the Manitoban, (i^ewspaper) that it has been kept up ever since and that no compbints have been received from the pubhc respecting its use. My personal experience in travelHng is that the twenty-four hour I system is a great improvement on the old plan of a.m. and p.m. It is especially convenient in a long journey such as along the main line of the C.P.R. and I found the time table on the eastern division where a.m. and p.m. are used much more difficult to keep track of than the one on the western division where the new system is in force. No doubt the public generally have not become very familiar with the new system, especially in the country districts remote from railways. When the monetary system of Canada was changed to the decimal system, considerable difficulty was undoubtedly exjjerienced at first. The alteration from local time to standard time was another advance and I think it is only a question of a few months when the twenty-four hour system will be as popular as the other two changes I have mentioned. Much can be done to educate the public in the matter and I would especially suggest that in all public buildings, offices, schools, etc., the clocks should be supj^lied with the changing dial like the clock in your cffice which shifts at noon so that during the afternoon, only the num- bers from 13 on to 24 are visible. The press might assist very much in making the new system popular, and I think you would find it a good plan to have diagrams of the new dials made with explanations sui)plied in stereotyped form to the country papers, which would undoubtedly do much to explain the working of the new system. I hope to see the system extended very soon in Eastern Canada and the United States, feeling sure that any prejudice there may now be against it will soon disappear, and that ere long people will wonder that the improvement did not come sooner. Yours truly, ACTON BURROWS. W. Whvtk, Esq , President, General Superintendent C. P. R., Winnipeg. 30 No. 36. MANITOBA & NORTH-WESTERN RAILV/AY COMPANY Of Canada. Office of the General Supenintendent. Portage la Prairie, November 20th, 1886. Dear Mr. Whyte, At the time the twenty-four hour system was put in force on your Western Division I decided to await the result of the experiment before adopting it ourselves; I was not, therefore, in a position to report direcctly on the working of it. Since your letter was received, however, I have made careful inquiries of all our trainmen and also our agents, and I find that they are unanimous in its favor; and, moreover, the agents report that the public at our stations would undoubtedly use it if this railroad com- pany adopt it, and if you decide to continue we shall certainly put it in force on our road. I shall be glad to hear from you whether you intend to make the systenl as it now stands permanent or not. Yours truly, W. R. BAKER, Gen. Superintendent. Note.— Since the date of the above letter the twenty-four hour system has been adopted on the Manitoba & North-W^estern Railwaj with the general acceptance of all concerned. No. 36. THE NORTH-WESTERN COAL & NAVIGATION COMPANY. Lethbridge, December ist, 1886. W. Whytr, Esq., General Superintendent, C. P. R., Winnipeg. Dear Sir, In reply to your letter of the 15th ult., with reference to the work- 3^ ing of the twenty-four hour system, I now beg to enclose letters bearing •on the subject written by: J, Baily, Superintendent, (ialt R.R. T. D. Kevin, Train Dispatcher, A. Barber, Station Agent, Lethbridge. For my own part I may say that the system is an unqualified suc- cess fot business purposes, and that it is fast coming into general use in this district. Yours faithfully, E. r. GALT, Manager. No. 37. THE NORTH-WESTERN COAL & NAVIGATION COMPANY. Superintendent's Office. Lethbridge, November 25th, 1886. E. T. Galt, Esq., General Manager. Dear Sir, With reference to your conversation about the usefulness of the twenty-four hour system adopted by this company on the 8th August, last, I beg to state that I consider it has filled a long-felt want amongst railway men, and is much superior in every way to the old a.m. and p.m. method of dividing the twenty-four hours. The general public are decidedly in favor of it, as it enables them fully to comprehend the largest atid most comj^licated time-table without any trouble; and I feel certain that wherever it is used it cannot fail to give the greatest satis- faction. J. BAILY, ' Superintendent, 32 No. 38. THE NORTH-WESTERN COAL &: NAVIGATION COMPANY. Lethbridge, N. VV. T., November 1 8th, 1886. J. Bau-v, Esq., Superintendent. Dear Sir, In reference to the twenty-four hour system, I would state that in my opinion it is, without doubt, the best ever introduced. 1 lind in its practical working that the conductors and trainmen express their entire satisfaction with it. I consider that it is a vast improvement on the old method, and certainly in every way is more convenient and handier in train dis- patching. Yours truly, T. I). KEVIN, Train Dispatcher. No. 39. THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. Ol'FICE OF THE ASSISTANT GENERAL MaNA(;ER, Montreal, 7th January, 1887. The 24 hour system has been in effect on our Western and Pacific Divisions from the ist July last year until the present time and it has given universal satisfaction. I must confess that I hardly believed the system would meet with favor from the men, when it was first proposed to try the experiment, but am quite satisfied now that not only our otificers and employees but' business people living in the towns along the line prefer it to the old system. The element of increased simplicity which it introduces into the train time cards, is no doubt conducive to safety, 'and will bring it into effect on all the railroads on the continent. THOS. G. SHAUGHNESSY, Assistant General Manager. ( 33 ... , ■■-■;.■,/ V '■, , ' ' 1 ■ , '■',■■«■■■,-■ ■■ , , ',■■■-',.. 1 .•■ ■ ' ^ ■ '' i. . .'■■,:','-■''■.■■ ■'••■"■^''^No. 40. ■^■-■^ Letter from the Hon. J. Non/nay, Premier, Froinnw of Manitobix. ^;'- '":;■" ^^'.■■■'•w'v.^y. Executive Council. '■ "'"■;"■ .:■■;; Winnipeg, January gth, 18H7. My dear Mr. Whvte, " ' / t,;_ In reply to yours of the i6th Inst., asking me to give my views in reference to the adoption of the twenty-four hour system, I may say that in my opinion it is on its mei^ts an improvement upon the old system. It appears a little awkward at first, but the experience of all that I have talked to on the subject is the same as my own : That it prevents many mislakes that arose out of the a. m. and p. m. system, and I should think that it would be a great improvemerit if adopted on all lines of railway. ,;^^, , ^. ,,..;, ^ r ,,.-;;. , I : : -. I remain yours truly, ','. ' J. NORQUAY. Wm, Whvte, Esq., " v . , General Superintendent Canadian Pacific Railway. •m'l ■■.,^/^■: Prow the Ho7iorahle J. C. Aikhis, Lieutenant Governor, the Province of i Manitoba. ■\ Govek:'ment House. "il;?/.' > Winnipeg, January loth, 1887. I)ear Sir, Vour letter referring to the twenty-four hexir system has been received. It gives me pleasure to say in reply that the introduction in Manitoba of that system has unquestionably been a great advantage in railway matters. Persons here are now much less apt to make mistakes, as to the time of arrival and departure of trains. 1 believe the people of Manitoba are not inclined to allow pre- judice to prevent their abandonment of an old system if a new and bet- 34 t er one is proposed, and, as far as I have been able to ascertain, our people acknowledge that, for general puri>oses, the twenty-four hour system is an improvement. , ' They have partially adopted it, and, I am inclined to think, would' be using it generally were it not for the expense ot changing the diali' of the old time-pieces or procuring new ones. Yours very truly, (Signed.) J. C. AIKINS. Wm. Whvte, Esq., (reneral Sui)erintendent C. P. R., Winnipeg, Man. NO. 42. CAN.A.I)IAN GOVERNMENT R.'VILWAY.S. Office of the Chief Engineer and Gener.\l Manager. Ottawa, January 15th, 1887. My Dear Sir, — I am very much i)leased to learn that the twenty- four (24) hour system of time, introduced uyion the Western Division of the Canadian Pacific Railway, is giving great satisfaction, and that the officers of the Company, after testing it a full season, strongly favour it, and advocate its extension to other parts of the road. Its general, adoption throughout the country will, I am satisfied, be a great advan- tage to the operations of the railways, and will save much inconvenience- and annoyance to which the travelling public are subjected under the- old system, by avoiding mistakes which frequently occur as to the time of the departure of trains. For my own part I shall be glad to see the.- 24-hour system extended to every railway upon this continent, and I shall exert every effort to induce the Government to permit it to be put in operation upon the Government Railways at an early daie. Once introduced, and the public become accustomed to the change, I believe it will meet with great favour. Yours very truly, COLLINGWOOD SCHREIBER, Chief Engineer and General Manager, Sandford Fleming, C.M.G., C.E., Ottawa. .35 ,':;*:-,,.;>■■—.• ., ..■'• ■■• No. 43. "Rf.sfllutions Adopted at the Annual Meeting of the Amkrican Societv MRST RESOLUTIOJI. That the Report of the Sjjecial Committee on Standard Time, now submitted, be acce])ted, and the Committee cortinucd. '"'' ' ■ SECOND RESOLUTION. That a co])y of the Report and .accompanying letters be tranjj'.nit- ted to the Secretaries of the several Railway Time Conventions, with the re(iiiest that they take into consideration the propriety and expediency of adopting the twenty-four hour system on all the railways in North America at the next change of time-tables; and that the Board of Direction of this Society be authorized, if they consider it expedient, Jto send copies to the leading railway officials of the country. THIRD RESOLUTION, That the Spe«^&l Committee be instructed and authorized, with fhe approval of the' Board of Direction, to take such further action as .may be deemed expedient to advance this important movement. FOURTH RESOLUTION. It is the sense of this Society that it is desirable, for the purpose ■of familiarizing the ])ublic with the change involved in the introduction of the twenty four hour system, that the Mayors and Corporations of the principal cities in the United States, Canada and Mexico, have the dials of public clocks adapted to the new notation ; also that it is desirable that the Post Office Departments of the United States, Canada and Mexico, introduce the twenty-four hour system of notation in the Post Otiices of the country, and in such publications on postal affairs as refer to the hours of the day. 36 No. 44. The Old Usage and the New Notation. NOTE. Ofi the movemmt for abolishing A.M. and P.M. in our daily iivte- reckoning,, and adopting a simple notation of iwentyfour hourSy reckoned from mid-night to mid-night. Whoever examines the question will express profound surprise that the day was ever divided in two parts and each part sul)divided into twelve hours, one set of hours distinguished as ante meridian., the other set as post meridian. The practice of so dividing and subdividing the day is very old, and centuries back it doubtless answered all the purposes of man. The conditions of the human race in the more advanced communities are, however, greatly changed, and the old practice of halving the day is becoming every year more and more inconvenient, and will soon become intolerable. Beyond its clami to antiquity, the custom has nothing whatever to recommend it. The inconveniences resulting from this old cl *om are well known. to many, but they have generally been looked upon as unavoidable, and consequ2ntly, have been philosophically and silently endured. Such evils are met by all who have anything to do with railways, and in this couutry, where all travel more or less by railway, there are few wha htive not experienced them? I« there in fact, one person who, at some time or other, has not been Iwfflcd in his efforts to solve the intricacies- of railway time-tables? Is there a single individual who cannot refer to frecjuent mistakes and disappointments to himself and others, springing directly from this cause ? Is there an experienced railway man who cannot trace some accident to a misprint or mistake of A.M. for P.M^ or P.M. for A.M.? It is held that there is no necessity for dividing the day into halves ; that the distinction made, between the 1 2 hours before noon and the 12 hours which follow noon, is awkward and incon- venient, and that the expressions ajite meridian and post meridian., or their contractions, a.m. and p.m., should be abolished, and a more simple notation substituted. It is difficult to understand how the 12 hour division crept into use. It may have been at a period when common education was at a low ebb, and whgn in dealing with marketable conmiodities, it became expedient to reduce arithmetical quantities to dozens. Su. h a practice. 37 Is no longer necessary, as most people nowadays can count higher than twelve. The division of the day in accordance with this old custom is how indefensible, and not a single reason can be given why the same numbers should do duty twice on our clocks and watches, to indicate, as they now do, two distinct and separate hours. The division of the day into halves at noon, besides being unnecessary and inconvenient, is unnatural. The only divisions of the day indicated by nature are those of daylight and darkness. Had those portions of time l)een subdivided into separate sets of hours, making *6 o'clock come at noon, instead of 12 o'clock, as in s criptu ral times, ^ -and in the time of the Greeks and Romans, it w'ould^^hhAtTBeeTrS'rTeast in harmony wiih nature, and, in some respects, more rational than the present usage. .-; X? \ .:^^ v; .;^n;«- w The more the subject is considered, the more it will be found that the traditional usage which we follow has no advantage, while it has many disadvantages. Every argument points to the expediency of abandoning the halving of the day at noon, and the adoption of a consecutive numbering of the hours in a single series of twenty-four from midnight to midnight. The present system is an impediment to general intercourse, and the removal of all such impedimeni;s is of such great and increasing im{)ortanre as to outweigh and overrule every consideration of tradition or habit, however ancient and long continued. It has been urged against the proposed change that the clocks and watches that exist would l)e rendered useless by, its general adoption. This would, no doubt, be a serious objection, if it held good. It is not, however, a valid objection, as it is an easy matter to utilize every time-keeper now in use. This can be effected by a slight alteration in the dial. The alteration can be effected at a cost too trifling to be considered. It has been said that any watch can thus be altered so as to suit the twenty-four o'clock notation at a cost not exceeding the price of a single ])ostage stamp. The new notation has been th(jroughly tried, since mid-summer, 1886, on the Canadian Pacific Railway. Clocks and watches were adapted to the change simj)ly by placing on the old dials the new numbers of the atternoon hours. 'I'he method of adapting all time keepers to the new system is described in document No. 2 of this pamphlet, being the circular and directions issued to em))loyees of the Canadian I'acific Railway, June 10th, 1886. This extremely inexpensive method has answered every purpose, and will continue to do so until watchmakers supply other dials to suit the taste of each individual. The change was effected without the least confusion. Emyloyees of the railway were intelligent enough to understand the new system at once, and very soon thi^ public became familia'- with it. So well satisfied are all with the change that none express any desire to ■revert to the old i)ractise. The first great practical step in time reform was effected on the jSth November, 1883, when trains commenced to run throughout the 38 United States and Canada by Hour Standards, The whole continent has practically acceptecl that step so wisely and promptly taken by the railway-authorities, and the man who would now seriously propose to return to the state of things which existed previous to the date men- tioned, would be laughed at. The second practical step in lime- reform is the general adoption of the twenty-four hour notation ; this second step is of equal importance to the first and can be effected with equal ease. When the twenty-four hour notation comes into common use, every one will wonder that the old usage was so long endured. . The remarkable simplicity, perspicuity and utility of the plan of time-reckoning proposed is fully appreciated by sensible men. A bill authorizing the new notation as a kgal standard has already been introduced in the Legislature of the State of New York (nth February, 1887). The measure comprises the following sections, viz.; " Section i. — The hours of the day, from midnight to mid- *' night, riay be designated by consecutive numbers from zero to *' twenty-four, and the hour of midnight may be designated *' either as twenty-four o'clock of the day then ending or as zero " o'clock of the day then beginning. " SEcrioN 2. — This Act shall take effect immediately." Scientific societies in Great Britain, the United Statej> and Canada are beginning to adopt the twenty-four hour notation in all their transactions. In calling meetings or issuing invitations, it has been recommended, until the i)ubUc become familiarized with the change, to give the old notation along with the new, thus : " The meeting will be held at 19:45 (7.45 o'clock P.M. old style)." This would not only obviate any doubt during the j)eriod of transition, which would be brief, but it would more speedily educate the mind to the new num- bers of the afternoon hours. It is suggested that a colon, or two vertical dots between the hours and minutes (thus, 19:45 or 17:08), will be a sufficient distinctive mark for all ordinary puri)oses. A colon so placed will at once denote time and separate the minutes from the seconds in the same manner as a single dot denotes decimals and separates the whole numbers from ])arts of numbers. It is held that under ordinary circumstances there will be no necessity for adding the word " o'clock," or " hours," or " minutes ; " a colon placed between numerals will come to have a clear, distinctive signification. It will^ unmistakably denote time just as % denotes /%^T% and others from tvhom an expression of opinion has been receittd favorable to the general adoption of the 2^ o'clock system throughout North America. There are many others Javor^ aide who haz>c not been heard from in writing. The following have, horti>ever^ given unqualified expression to their opinions and are ready at the proper t moment to adopt the change. Railway. Official Name and Title. Address. Adirondack Ey C. K. Durkee, Superintendent... Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Allegheny Valley Ry. T)avid McCargo, Gen. Sup't Pittsburgh, Pa. Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Ry. and .South Kansas Ry A. A. Robinson, Gen. Manager.. Topeka, Kansas. Atlantic Div.East Tenn., Virginia and Georgia Rv I, W, Frv. Superintendent Atlanta. Ga 'V Atlantic and North Car- I* '»• ■ m J ^ » ««|f ^|( A -ft 4 4 ^ ^^ &AKft%K'fLV • * • ■ • • A & V ' ».* * 1 1 14 % »_^ 4h4- ^ olina Ry W. Dunn, Sujierintendent Newberne, N. C . Bellaire, Zanesville and Cincinnati Ry W. R. ('rompton, Gen. Manager. Woodstield, Ohio Belvidere Div. Penna. Ry J. A. Andrews, .Superintendent.. Lambertviile, N. J. Bennington and Rutland Ky.- F. C. White, Ge^i. Supt Bennington, Vt. Boston, Barre and Gard- ner Ry H. H. Marshall, Supt. and Traf- fic Manager Worcester, Mass.. Boston, Hoosac Tunnel . ¥ * ^.^ a X.. ^* ..fV^^B^ *■■ K^^ W.9%. and \V'estern Ry H, L. Morrill, Gen. Manager . . . Saratoga, N,Y. Boston. Hoosac Tunnel and Western Ry Chas. H. Cory, Supt Mechanicville, N.Y. Boston and Lowell Ry. . C. S. Metten,' Gen. Supt Boston, Mass. Boston and Providence Rv Albert A. Folsoni, Supt Boston. Mass *^7 Boston, Revere Beach * ' ^^*^ fc ^^ T *'Afc%Kj*<# r.nd Lynn Ry C. A. Hammond, .Supt ,^50 Atlantic ave., Bos- ton, Mass. Brooklyn, Bath and Coney Island Ry Geo. A. Gunther. Gen. Manager. 27th St. and 5fh ave., Brooklyn, N. V. Brunswick and Western Rv H. S. Morse, Gen. iManager . . . Rriin^wirk fii •^7 • Buflalo, New York and U 1 VI 1 lo T* l\j IV , \ ■ .L. IMiila. R. R Geo. S. GalchcU, Gen. Supt Buffalo, N. V. Califo''iia Southern R.R J. N. \ ictor, Supt N'ational Cilv T .il * C%I.XVfllC4l \^ 1 L J ■ V A 1 , 40 Kaihvay Managers^ etc.y favorable to the t'u^eitty-four hour system. — Continuecf.. Railway. Canadian Government Railways, Intercolon- ial System, Prince Ed- ward Island System . . Canadian Pacific Ry. . . Canadian Pacific Ry. . . Canadian Pacific Ry. . . Canadian Pacific Ry. . . Cape Fear and Yadkin Valley Ry Central Iowa Ry Central Road and Bank- ing Co. of Georgia.. . . Central Vermont R. R. . Central Vermont R. R. . Chattoroi Ry Chesapeake, Ohio and .S. W. R. R Chicago, Fairchild and Eau Claire R. R . . . Chicago and (Jrand Trunk Ry , Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Ry Chicago, Rock Island and Pfu:ific Ry Chippewa Valley and Chicago and West Michigan Ry Wabasha Div. Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul }I)RE?!S. J. Krutt.schmitt, Engineer «& Supt.jNew Orleans, La. F. ( Ireene, Asst. .Supt J.T.Craik, Chief Engineer &.Supt. E. D. Frost, Cicn. Supt. , F. W. Dunn, (ien. Supt, Theo. Warren, .Supt S. B. Opdyke, jr., Supt G, H. Kimball, Supt F. S. (jannon, Cen. Supt E. S. Bowen, Vice-President . . S. M. Felton, Jr., Asst. to Pres't. J. E. Childs, (Jen. Supt C. W. Laupher, Div. Supt G. W. Dixon, .Supt J. B. Gardiner, Supt Wm.O. McDowell, Vice-President aufl Gen. Manrvger J. W. Perkins, Asst. to Receiver. J, D. Layug, Gen. Man Norman Webli, Receiver j.Mandan, Dak. ICohnnbia, Tcun. iNatchez, Miss, * Battle Mountain, Nev. Newport, R. L New Haven, Conn. Cleveland, Ohio. High Bridge, N. Y. New York City. Cleveland, Ohio. New York. Norwich, N, Y. New Galilee, Pa. Providence, R. L New York City. Boston, Mass. New York. Sielma, Ala. V Charles Blackwell, Supt. of Mo- tive Power Samuel Barker, (jen. Man L. B. Rock, Supt . A. C. Bassett, Supt Robert Harris, President T. B. Oakes, Vice-President and Gen. Manager , . Roanoke, Va. Toronto, Can. Milwaukee, Wis. .San Francisco. New York. St. Paul, Minn. 44 Kaihvay Afa/tai^vrs, ctc.^ favorable to the t-ivsnty-foiir hour system. — Continued. Railway. Ohio Central Ry Old Colony Ry Oregon Ry. and Nav.Co. Oswego k Syracuse I)iv. Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Ry Pennsylvania Ry Pennsylvania R.R. Div. P. Ry ). E. Martin, Receiver J. R. Kendrick, Gen. Manager. H. S. Rowe, Supt Pensacola & Atlantic Ry. Peoria, Decatur and , Wansville Ry Philadelphia and Read- ing Ky Ponliac, Oxford and Port Austin Ry PortandiVOgdensb'g Ry. Providence and Spring- field Ry .". . Providence and Worces ter Ry._ I'rovidence, Warren and Bristol Ry Pullman Pal.ice Car Co. Quebec «S>; L. St. John Ry. Richmond and Alle- gheny Ry Official Name and Title. ADDKES.S. W. B. Phelps, Supt. R. V. Snowden, Asst. Engineer, Maintenance of Way Richmond, Fredcricksh'g and Potoniac Ky Richmond and I'eters- burg Ry Rochester Div. Buffalo, New York and Phila. Ry Rochester and Pittsburgh Ry : . . . . Rogersville and Jefferson i^y • San Antonio Div, Gal- veston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Ry San Pete Valley Ry. . . . Sea Board \ Roanoke Ry. Shenango and Allegheny Ky South Carolina Ry Southern Div. Illinois Central Ky M. W. Thomas(m, Engineer Main- tenance of Way W. D.Chipley, Vice-President and Gen. Supt G. L. Bradbury, Vice-President. W. Lorenz, Chief Engineer .... James Houston, Gen. Supt. J. Hamilton, Supt Wm. Tinkham, I'resident. W. E. Chamberlain, Su|>t. W. .Stone, Supt. and Engineer. . . (ieorge F. Browne, Gen. .Supt. . . J. (j. Scott, Sec'y and Manager.. Decatur Axtell, Receiver and Man- ^gt-'>' • • • • E. T. D. Myers, Gen. Supt. J. R. Kenly, Supt J. W. Watson, Supt Jas. T. Gardner, Gen. Supt. Chas. M. Lentz, Sui)t W. G. Van VIeck, Supt S. Bamberger, Managing Director. E. (.jhio, .Supt. Transportation. . . J. T. Blair, Gen. Manager . . , John B. Peck, Gen. Manager Toledo, Ohio. Boston, Mass. Portland, Or. Oswego, N. \ . Camden, N. J. Altoona, Pa. Pensacola, Fla. Peoria, 111, Philadelphia, Pa. Pontiac, Mich. Portland, Me. Providence, R. I. Providence, R. I. Providence, R. I. Chicago, 111. Quebec, Canada. Richmond, ^'a. Richmond, Va. Richmond, Va. Olean, N . V. Buffalo, N. V. Bull's Gap.Tenn. San Antonio, Tex. Salt Lake City, Utah. Portsmouth, \'a. Greenville, Pa. Charleston, S. C. C. M. Sheafer, Supt iNew Orleans, La. 45 Railway Managers, etc., favorable to twenty-four hour system. — Continued Railway. Southern Minnesota Div. Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Ry St. Joseph & Desloge Ry. St. Johns and Lake Eus- tis Ry St. Louis, Alton and Terre Haute Ry. (St. Louis & Cairo Short Line). . St. Louis and Cairo Ry. St. Louis Div. Louisville and Nashville Ry. . . . St. Louis, Des ^Ioines and Northern Ry . . . . St. Lotiis, Fort Scott & Wichita Ry .St. Louis, Fort Scott (.*v; Wichita Ry •. . Stony Creek Ry St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitolja Ry.. .... St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Ry Tennesee Coal & Iron Ry Tioga Ry Toledo, Ann Ar!)or and North Michigan Ry. . Truckee Div. Central Pacific Ry Tyrone Div. Penn Ry . . Virginia & Truckee Ry.. Warren and Farnsworth Valley Ry West \'irginia, Central and Pittsburg Ry . . . . Worcester, Nashua and Rochester Ry York & peachbot torn Ry Williamsport ami North Branch Ry Okficiai, Name and Title. F. D. Underwood, .Supt T. T. Ondcrdonk, (Jen. Supt.. W. J. Jarvis, .Supt Ceo W. Parker, (ien. .Manager C. Hamilton, Gen. Supt Chas. O. Parker, Supt C. F. Meek, Supt L W. Miller, Vice-President... W. H. Norris, Train Master . . . . Geo. B. Boggs, Supt. &. Engineer James J. Hill, President IL C. Ives, (Jen, Man.'s Asst. . . A. M. Shook, (Jen. Manager. . . . R. Du Puy, .Supt. and Engineer IL W. Ashley, Gen. Supt J. H. White, Supt S. S. Blair. .Supt. H. M. Verrington, Vice-President and Gen. .Supt A. D. Wood, Gen. Manager .... W. E. Porter, Gen, Supt C. S. Turner, Pres. and G. Man. S. M. Manifold, .Supt. and Engi- neer Benj. Ci. Welch, President and Gen. Manager Address. La Oosse, Wis. Bonne Terre, Mo. Fort Mason, Fla. St. Louis, Mo. St. Louis, Mo. Evansville, Ind. Des Moines, Iowa. Fort Scott, Kansas. Fort Scott, Kansas.. Norristov/n, Pa. St. Paul, Minn. St. Paul, Minn. Tracy City, Tena. Blossburg, Pa.. Toledo, Ohio. Wadsworth, Nel). Tyrone, Pa. Carson Q\\.y, Ncv. Warren, Pa. Piedmont, W. Va. Worcester, Mass.. York, Pa. Hughesville, Pa. 46 No. 46. The 24 O'Olock System. I'irst list, i)ul)lished in 1884, of Engineers, Railway Presidents,, Traftic Managers, Scientists - id other prominent persons, who, in their •replies to (juestions is.sued in 1882 by the Standard Time Committee, gave their unqualified preference for a division cf the day into a single series of hours numbered from one to twenty-four (i to 24), In addition to this list a number of gentlemen exjjressed them- selves in favor of the 24 o'clock system for Railv/ay Time Tables, but were in doubt as to the possibility of bringing it into common use for all purposes. Only eight (8) per cent, of all heard from expressed themselves as unfavorable to the 24 o'clock notation. The names with an asterisk (*) are members of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Name. Official Titt.e. W.T.McAlpincM.I.CE* M."J. Beckel* Martin W. Harrington. H. T. Eddy, Ph. D.,.. Robert Fletcher, Ph. D* P. n. Philbrick* E. A. Doane* ., Henry H. Ricliardson* . . H. Stanley Goodwin*, . Robert Briggs* S. .Spencer C. B. Comstock* W. A. Doane* F.J. Lynch, M.I.C.E. James H. Rowan, C E R. M. Harrod, C.E.*. C. S. Master*., James Hall, D.P.S ... W. A. Sweet'' Wm. T. Jennings M, G. Howe*. Robert H. Sayre Robert Moore, C.E.» J. Foster Crowell*. . . , Address. Past Pres. Am. Soc. Civil Engineer Chief Eng'r P.C. & St. L. R.W.Co Director Astron Observatory .... Prof, of Mathematics, Astron, and Civil Eng.,Univer. of Cincinnati Pro(. of Civil Engineering Prof, C. E., Slate Univ. of Iowa Chief Eng., Rome W. & Og'gh. R. Chief State Engineer Asst. Gen. Super. Lehigh Valley R. R. Co 3rdV. P., B.& O. R. R Lieut. -Colonel of Engineers..., Prin. Asst. Eng., R.W. & O.R.R In charge Canad'n Pac. Ry. otiice Ex- District Eng. C. P. Railway Member Miss. River Commission Engineer in charge Western Div'n \V. L. & G. R. R Ex-Sheriff and Ex-M. P President Sanderson St. Co Rest. Engr. C. P. R Eng. and Sup. II.& T.C.R.R. . Sup. and Eng. Lehigh Val. R. R. Assistant Engineer, P.R.R. Bay Ridge, N. V. Pittsburg, Pa. Ann Arbor, Mich. Cincinnati, Ohio. Hanover, N. H. Iowa City, Iowa. Oswego, N. V. New Orleans, La. Bethlehem, Penn. Philadelphia, P.i. Baltimore, Md, Detroit, Mich. Oswego, N. Y. Ottawa, Canada, Winnipeg, Man. New Orleans. St. Louis, Mo. Peterboro, Ont. Syracuse, N. Y. Keewatin, Man. Houston, Texas. Bethlehem, Pa. St. Louis, Mo. Pittsburg, Pa. 47 / E>\i;imi'rs, Sticittists. cti\, favorable to the twenty-four hour system. — Continued. Namk. T. J. Putter W. H. SmcUie Julius W. Adams F. N. (iisborne. ...... James H. Harlow* Edward S. Philbrick*.. Kivas Tully T. H. Perry J. W. Putnam* Charles H, Swan* Sir Charles Tupjier Joseph P. Davis' P. S. Archibald II, K. Stevens* IJ. S. Henning J. Milton Titlow* C. A. Vounjt,' Robert A. Shailer* L. H. Archibald K, P. Stearns* . v • Edward Maguire E. (I. Ferris Coilingwood Schreiber. . Henry ( jannett . .■,*•«• • lames P. Ilowley W.II. Wood F. M. Towar.. Julius |. Duraye Thomas S. Setlgwick*.. <.ieorge .M. I)a\vst>n.... T. C. Mendenhal] L. J. LeConte*. Edward C. Pickering. . . H. F. Koyce 1. .S. Sewol!*.- W. B. Hazen Official Title. 3rd Vice-Pres., etc.,C.B.& O.U.R Cons. Eng., Canadian Pac. R'y. . Past Pres. Am. .Soc'y Civil Eng. Super.Tel. Sig. Serv. Dom. Can. Eng. -Monongahela Navigat'n Co. Address. Chicago, III. Montreal, Canada. Brooklyn, N. V. Ottawa. FMttsburg, Ohio. 12 \V St., lioston, Mass. Toronto. Lafayette, Ind. New Orleans. Highlands, Boston. Ottawa, Cana