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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 ( A ( HISTORY OF THE Ottawa Valley BY it J. L. GOURLAY, A.M. ■,H A COLLECTION OF FACTS, EVENTS AND REMINISCENCES OR OVER HALF A CENTURY. * CyC Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada, in Mrht hundred and ninety six, by J. L. Vjouriay, A. M., at the P thousand riculture HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY ^^HE history of a country is the narative or story of the charac- ^^ ter and conduct of its prominent citizens or inhabitants. The succession of events they have been promoting; or hindering, in which they have been the actors or participants, forms the theme and -adventitious circumstances from the coloring of the picture. The topography of the soil, the salubrity or the reverse of the climate, occasionally come in as the local hab-'tation on which they dwell and the atmosphere in which they breathe. Very little has been recorded of our fertile valley in past years and that little is scraps not available as history It fares no worse than other lands, whose early history lies deeply buried in obscurity and whose people's origin is unknown for want of records, or what are given as facts drawn from imagination or 'tradition where it is impossible to separate truth from fable. Politicians have proposed to make it an Eden blossoming in beauty and filling the air with fragrance, provided we elect them to make their fortune at our expense but their promises were visionary and vanished away like the niirage of the desert as soon as the candidates were seated and in a con- dition to help themsel v es. To indolence and carelessness may be attributed the meagre information we possess regarding the origin, progress, growth and decay of so many branches of the human race. Even the briefest correct records would be of signal advantage to posterity and to the his- torian. The migratory dispositioa of mankind makes it difficult to pre- serve such records even when they exist. Intelligent young people should keep short notes of stirring events that come within the range of their observation as these must be of interest and in the hands of one who could classify and arrange and generalize they would not be heavy, but readable. The story of savage life is confined to the gratification of natu- ral appetite, idleness sleep and slaughter. If they observed any kind of laws they were not always in aid of the survival of the fittest. The history of such tribes is seldom written, or of much value if writteh. We have some interest in the Indian tribes that roamed these parts, but few traces remain of them ; Algonquins, Hurons, Senecas have almost disappeared or at least greatly diminished, so that little reliable can be written of them to gratify curiosity, except we draw too extensively on the imagination. Many of the present rising generation with whom we have conversed can scarcely tell you of their great grandfathers or their grandfathers. We remember in youthful days the first inhabitants of the Ottawa country, on both sides of the river, who used to tell long stories of the red men, but we never met a vc^age of encampment, to show that they had ever pitched a camp on the plains. Their wigwams were not of a kind to require a foundation like more solid structures, as V04. HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. V were formed of little poles, set in a circle on the ground and con- rging their small poinls in the centre above, covered round with white irch bark, to keep out the rain or snow, without an opening at the top to efr the smoke escape, which had to make its way out by the door or other openings. When the tents were struck the bark was so light as to be easily roiled up and carried off. whilst the dry poles would do to cook the last animal to eat before they started out for the next halt- ing place. Their contact with civilization unmanned them, making them wards of the government, than a blanket became the door or screen of the tent. Cedar, ash and birch bark formed the staple with which their canoe fleets were built. Other tough timbers like oak and hickorv were used for bows, arrows and clubs. Fish and the flesh ot animals procured by the chase with wild vegetables, berries and other wild fruits were their provisions. Dressed peltries were their clothing with a profuse decoration of feathers. To these hereditary wanderers the desolate forests were valueless except as hunting grounds or the home ot the tameless fur bearing animals. They appeared very much the same to the first French immigrants, if we may judge from a statement in a French man's letter to his French friends in the old land, in which the aspects of the country, its flora and funa. are grapically described thus : "You can see nothing but swamps, hear nothing but frogs, ana feel nothing but mosquitoes " Meadows have taken the place of swamps, large clearings have silenced the frogs, and mosquitoes are not so pro- ductive, or have betaken themselves to less civilized lands. W e have conversed with the men who felled the first trees cut by the white men in this valley. V/e have not heard of a single trace of the march of Sam- uel Champlain with his little army of French men with their Indian allies, whether he took the north shore, which is the more probable as it was the Indian trail, or the south shore, in making his way to Lake Huron and thence to the father of waters, or wherever he went to meet their Indian foes. The French did little or nothing in the settlement ot the Ottawa country, except on the north shore, Two Mountains and Papineauville. The British, with a good sprinkling of U. E. L. Ameri- cans have taken up the whole valley. Almost all the first settlers of Upper Canada were children of New England, refuges from the United Qf af gc These came in after the war of independence and got land grants all along the line of frontier, from the Eastern Provinces to the Great Lakes, and penetrated back to the banks of the Rideau, and down the Mississippi to the Carp. The valley along the north shore of the Ot- ■tawa river is beautiful lands, but it is only an average of six or seven miles, between the river and the Laurentian range of mountains. N9rth of this range the land is good, but in small patches very broken, thinly settled, in a word, a wide sea of mountains and valleys, with lakes and streams innumerable, as far as the country has yet been explored and known. The south or Ontario side is now very populous, lots all owned or occupied worth holding. In our early recollections, what the people called half-pay officers held all the prominent place on the south shore, locating on the river bank till it was crowded full, then taking the rest of their large grants as near the other lots as they possibly could. Tier after tier'of settlement followed, till all the best lots were occupica. Rivers were the channels of communication, and canoes and boats were HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY t easily made in rude, strong ways, and served to convey men and freight with speed and safety, avoiding storms and squalls, and plyine the paddle well on smooth water. We remember when a boy nerhaos twelve or thirteen, crossing with an old gentlemen, W. Nesbit on a smooth sea mthe morning to Aylmer. On our return in the afternoon the waves weie raging white." It fell to me to steer, as he could neither steer row nor paddle but very poorly. He was ill to persuade to eet in. Ihe canoe was very large, dug out of an immense pine, fit to be the mast of some great Admiral. We embarked, got out a couple ot lengths when between two great waves .she grated on a large bowlder that called forth a groan from the frightened old gentleman. The wind was m sailor phra.se, on the larboard, blowing across the river, and too strong to face. To have run up the north shore would have put us alternatelv on the crest of the wave and in the trough of the sea, in a very danger- ous rolling position. We took the medium course, half against the wind trying to keep on three or four waves, so that we were breastin^r the wind and the waves, making steering and rowing anything but a plea- sure. Often by the blow of a heavy sea. the canoe quivering, we were thrown into a deep hollow between two large waves, the foar^ing crest of one dashing against the side of our crafc, sending a shower over us He would say 'They re gathering on the shore to watch us go down" 1 rained from the cradle to trust i;i providence and fear no eviL the bov encouraged the old man An unguarded dip would unship his oar we shouted 'Hold up the blade and get it into the rowlock again/' and watched his stroke, we sailed about five miles on the north of the island and got under the lea of the land in comparatively calm water at the south shore. We took in our paddles and let her flo'at down, whilst we breathed freely We did thank the kind Providence for our safe^ though we could not divest ourselves of the notion that it was a temot- mg of that providence in not waiting for a calmer atmosphere and a smoother sea. This is one of many escapes we have made, which when we look back om, we devoutedly thank the Lord for leading and deliver- '"? "^,^ r '•^"^ember sitting enchanted with the narrative of pioneers who told often m the funniest wittiest manner, sometimes with an ear- H-onc^ S^<:S^"!;^' Z^y^ '° °'"' '"'""^ "^'^^ originality, the hardships, priva- tion?, difficulties besetments. yes, suffering through which they passed, and over which they triumphed in such peculiar trying times f.K D v^- u \'^''""*!^>' ''^"^ P''^^^^ from the hands of the French into those ofthe British the settlements began at once to be extended beyond their former bounds. Large parts ofthe eastern townships and the south shore hLhirn2 ^'!fi"Tr'^°"T^^.''y ^^^ ^"^'^h. The Scotch from highlands and lowlands generally clustered together, and filled places like Csgoode Beckwith, Ramsay, Lanark, Renfrew, Bristol, Litchfield Dalhous. whilst Gloucester, Nepean. March. Huntley. TorboltonTitz: ?Zh w 1?"'".^ "^^'^ ^^''^" "P ^^ ^ "'■"-^^^ P^°Pl^ of English, Scotch. Irish Welsh, whose rasping notes, enriched by Tipperar^ and Kerrv^ brogues, the broad flat accents of Antrim and Down, together with the softer tones f ra this side and fra yont the Tweed ; the tones ofthe Corlos- nian rn.ngled with those of the far down, making not so much a confus- ion of languages as of diaelects, burs, brogues and tones. Yet they were obliged to converse wifh anri .,r.H«rcfo^^ r.^^u ~.li.__ _. '^ ."'^y were '!>. ~ . '" ■•■•<.ftii;t \,zs.--ii XJLIICI, UI" give it UD Ihe conversations were rare, rich, entertaining, like the people, the ciri History of the Ottawa valley. cumstances and the times. Of course they were all from the British Isles, one nation, no rlenying that, but diversified in disposition and modes of life as it they came from the ends of the earth. Ladies of some training and refinement have told how they passed the summer, when their husbands were away earning what would keep the wolf from the door in the coming winter. They would make lye from ashes, boil hard corn in the lye nearly all day, and when it soft- ened wash and boil it again in clean water, and when cooked suffi- ciently, eat it with milk if they had it, or with maple syrup if they had that article. Go back in your thoughts to 1820, picture to yourself a shanty 14x20, and 8 feet high, scooped, standing in a clearing of three acres, that clearing fenced by cutting down trees, so that one! met an- other, and some stakes and long poles on these made it high enough for the purpose, brush being thrown in freely to close gaps. Elms were preferred if they were available, ai they stuck on the stumps, by that means standing much higher than if they fell flat. This was the brush or slash fence. With this in view, look at the door of thedwelling and you see a smiling good-looking little woman with three pretty children, amusing one another at their play, the mother at her domestic employ- ment, or hoeing corn or potatoes among the stumps, and the wheat waving closely, all a rich color, as the land is full of potash, having been burned over recently and with this in view you have a picture of a new home in the bush seventy-five years ago. The cows, if she nad one, lod- ged at night at the bars, the entrance to the clearing, lived in the woods all day, dnd came in the evening again to be milked, if she forgot herself which seldom happened the bell would tell her v/hereabouts, or as she would obey the call of her owner whose clear voice would ring a long way in the echoing woods. The Government furnished a number of implements, indeed many things even to the door lock which was rarely locked at night throughout the settlements. An old hoe that has survived when compared with the morden article looks as if it belonged to the stone age. A Huntley man once carried a number of these artic- les from Richmond the place of the distribution, some fixed on his back both hands full and a pot on his head, ran the gauntlet of a whole army of mosquitoes, not cutting his way through them, but the reverse they piercing their way through his delicate Irish skin as he waded across the long swamps and bitterly complaining afterwards of his face and hands so unprotected and so perforated (the country was free trade then) the boys in expres.sing their sympathy would have it that they bit him through the pot. The fresh old country (Caucasian) blood had for them a new relish compared with that of the "red skin." The Ottawa Valley is well watered. Many of its rivers flovv into the Ottawa river (called Grand river in the early times) nearly opposite each other. The Petite nation on the south a little below the Lievre on th-j north side of the Rideau opposits the Gatineau, the Carp and Mississippi opposite the Quio, the Madawaska or the Bon Cheer, corresponding to the Colonge, while the Muskrat lake discharges its waters at the pretty village of Pembroke sometimes called the Indian river. But we could not discern from the C.P.R- a single stream worth naming on the north side for over a hundred miles falling into the Ottawa. This is owing to the nearness of fUp. T ^jij-pp.fjon r.anfe of mountains to the river bank and their height causing the flow of the chain of lakes on the summit tb the northward HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY and eastward whilst only rills come down, their face concealed by the green little gorges barely visible in the mountain sides. The Constance slowly flows into the Ottawa at the sand hills in Torbolton, the lake being only a few miles back. There is a string of lakes connecting with one another by creeks or outlets along R. R. between Pembroke and Mattawa on the south shore of the river occasionally turning a saw mill like Aumond creek now Klocks mills. Only in one place did'we ob- serve anything coming south like a slide for planks in all that hundred miles. The Pitawawa runs into the Ottawa with some creeks that are nameless. The Castor with its many branches collecting in one be- comes a feeder to the nation. Mulberry creek, Stevens creek, the Jock and other little streams feed the Rideau. Bradley's creek runs into the Carp with many smaller ones. Many take their names from mill owners or some one operating lumber on them or drowned in them. Some retain their Indian names which is very desirable and very proper, as commem- orating these aboriginal forest wanderers fast becoming extinct. The land is of great variety from loose sands fit for gla.ss ware to the thickest heaviest blue clay fit for pottery, bricks and tiles ; said to be full of alluminum, which ought soon to be produced chtap enough to be used for roofing, the best yet discovered or applied. These lands were so thickly covered with forest trees standing near each other, and of so large a growth as almost wholly to exclude the sunshine from the soil in the leafy season "when summer was green." Hardwood trees of fifty and sixty feet high were plentiful, some white pines there were whose height was found to be a hundred feet from the tops to the ground. We helped to square one 73 feet long 24x25 inches, four straight lines over three hundred cubic feet and we have seen larger than this one. That piece on the ice in 1844 was worth fifteen dollars in planks, now at the mills it would be worth one hundred and fifty dollars. The density of these forests, the interlacing of the bows and their thick green foliage or frondage account for the abundance of water then flowing in rills and for the disappearance of these waters when the country was denuded of this thick, close covering. These little river beds have disappeared before the plow and the present generation could hardly point out their place. Yet some of t'nem with Abater not over three inches deep and twelve inches wide ran the whole summer. The cleared lana has proved cap- able of producing all varieties of grains, grass and root crops. We have seen growing luxuriently the Alfalfa, or Lucerne clover, perennial rye grass, fescues foxtail, orchard blue grass, with every other kind named and nameless. We once sowed a mixture of seven kinds of clover and eight kinds of gra.sses, and the experiment was a success. Fruits of every useful kind can be produced and are now grown in the various parts of the valley, from the wild strawberry to the flemish beauty pear. This last with a splendid orchard of apples of about forty varieties, a brother of the writer has succeeded in producing, beside old Glencairn, a beauti- ful sight to observe as you drive past, according to the expression of Judge Ross, who passes it slowly that he may take it all in and enjoy the beauty of the healthy looking trees in blossom and fruit season. The scenery of Chaudiere before its wild beauty was defaced by the axe or its sparkling waters were utilized in slides and mill races, was truly pic- turesque, almost indescribably grand. The rocky cliffs, green with the cedars and the pine to the rivers brink, its volume of water tossed. 8 HISTORY OF TUB OTTAWA VALLEY ! broken, dashed into foam, that foam floating down hke islands o\ pearls on the bosom of the dashinR current, the whole surveyed from the brow of the hills on the cast in the evening sun, to be comprehended to be esteemed to be capturously admired, must be dwelt upon. Thus Samuel Champlain saw it, Mirrick and Stevens saw it, thus Philemon Wright saw it before a tree was removed or an arch had spanned it except the rainbow in its natural grandeur, in its virgin beauty, in its pristme sublim- ity This is much the Hnest fall on the river. The next in importance is the Chats Rapids about thirty miles west of the Chaudiere, observed from an eminence on the east side facing the falls, the rivers rockv bed is dotted with islands covered »vith ever green pine and divided into many channels forming great cascades, the rushing waters dashing over the precipitious rocks, foaming into the abyss below, filling the eye with the magnificence of the vision and the ear with the soft but thundering sound of many waters. Other rapids and falls on the majestic river are exceedingly worthy of the artists' pencil, where travellers linger to ad- mire the scenery, but these two surpass them all in sublimity or g- ^nd- eur Niagara has a greater volume of water, a fall much higher, a loar deeper and Ipuder, but its solitary goat island is nowhere in comparison with the number and beauty of these Islands. How ineffable in majesty and glory must the hand be that formed them all ! "He cutteth out rivers among the rocks and his eye seeth every precious thing. The Dominion in its length and breadth has few places more beautiful or at- tractive for travellers to visit. , . ., . Mr. Charles Shirriff, with his grown up sons educated civil engineers with practiced eye and cultivated intellect, explored the Chats at the in- stigation of the government, and decided to sell out at Port Hope and make his home here. The offer of three thousand acres of wild land was an inducement, but the splendor of the whole scenery, the illime- table water power and the dreamy prospect of a ship canal to the Huron must have helped largely to the decision. It was easy, it was natural to picture to themselves a city covering all these banks, with factories of every kind where water power could economize labor by turning the great wheels of machinery. P^ancy .could easily conjure up fleets flying the Union Jack at the mast head, bearing through such a city the precious produce of the measureless west to the sea girt isles of their fathers, and returning laden with the rich and beautiful fabrics showing and displaying all the colors of the loom, with abundance of iron and steel, the cutlery of Sheffield, and the tin of Cornwall, to distri- bute from ocean to ocean over so long a line of inland navigable waters to supply the ever increasing demands of half a continent. This was something attainable, not the dream of an ethusiast or a fevered bram. The young man, Alexander Shirriff" made an exploration to the Geor- gian Bay past Rice lake at their own expense and great labor, and reported to the British government a feasable highway to open up^the country to the overcrowded population of Britain. But the huge debt of England, and the desire of a breathing time after so great war?, and the counsels of the Duke of Wellington, the worshipped hero of the Pen- insula and Waterloo, and as nothing was known of the vast region save this solitary survey, a less costly plan was adopted and the ship canal deferred to a later date, which may yet be realised as the vast resources of the Ottawa valley, come to be developed, undcrstoou atiu Kwown :i\ pearls he brow :1, to be I Samuel ight saw :ept the isublim- rtance is ^ed from ' bed is ed into ing over ;ye with jndering iver are cr to ad- •r g'^nd- r, a loar nparison majesty tteth out r." The ful or at- injjineers It the in- ope and rild land le illime- .1 to the , it was nks, with abor by njure up I such a rt isles of 1 fabrics, dance of to distri- le waters rhis was ed brain, he Geor- bor, and ;n up the jge debt VAT?, and r the Pen- sion save hip canal resources d Known Hff VCRY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. g Sir, then Hon. J. A McDonald, when some constituencies were to hr won, and many to be ohtamed for contractors and from them for other purpoHcs. gave out that tne government was ir. an interesting s^ale ha{ at the end of three months, a Chats ship canal would be brought forth gave a contract to make some holes in the rocks -vhich was done atan enormous expen.se. then the base born monster was .strangled in hS birth. The people m these times did not look at the river Sbove and below and ask why bu.ld a ship canal in the woods where no shin would come ? But .1 served the -^urpose. was an excu.se for getting the money and Pontiac though fooled and deceived, sticks to the party The British people are credited with being a shrewd and intelligent en! terprising, conquering race or conglomerate of races. AV ^his is correct and It may be added that they are ultraloyal to their Queen govern ment and poit.cal leaders. But it may be conceded that the^ f re t L most easily led of any people. They will believe in the most extraor dinary shams to please the leaders, or through that fatal delusion undc- which men be leve the false as if . were true, and defend the grossest untruths as if they were gospel. In our early history it was w J so Jamie Johnston ran against the supporters of the family compact and the people in and around By town elected him by an overwhelming ma jority Then in a drunken mood he resigned his seat and when sober came to take it and was elected from the house, the same electors by an overwhelming majority left it at home. The same people elected afterwards Mr John Scott sub.sequently judge a liberal wSrth> man and were greatful to have such a representative. In the days of our S hood we learned from our fathers that the men of the family comoact were men of honor compared with their weale vascilating, selfish sue- cessors whose eyes are only on gain at the public loss preparing them for political perdition m spite of all warning and the cries of opp?e.ssion Men would have blushed to offer or to .%ceive a bribe. 6f course he country was poor and the statutes few. But even now we have no law to punish defaulters in government when they retire from office i here IS no end of lawsuits to punish those who swindle the public nurse but the government lose them all and arbitrations go in favor of defaul- ters. Smce our credit has been established in England we have gone every year a few millions deeper in debt in the estimation of mostpeop"e double or treble that of our improvement . Legislators are mosUy lovers of money and such never repent. Drunkards may leave tS cups lovers of pleasure tL ir companions, even thieves may repent but the lover of money never gets enough, never repents, never makes' res- titution without which professed repentance is but a mere sham The clergy of those days were devoted men. they had no millionaires in whose sunshine they could b.sk. no societies in which they could woJk up to the top ofthe heap and so procure worldly influence and patron- When W r'u^Kl "9^^^.^ "^^ '"^'•^ly unspiritual but immoral. When W. L. McKenzie s election was twice voided and he was oer- mit ed to take his seat for Haldiman after the third election to the same parliament he published in his message that the cose to him ofthe three elections was only five dollars. When Wilks assailed the wrong dohigs of the English parliament in the north Briton and his election was de- clared voic his friends inscribed on their banner "North Briton No a! vviiKs ana uDcrry, and carried Him in three times with increasing m'a- f'»i.' !i: j5 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY iorities. After thev were compelled to let him take his seat he assisted n procur^- legislation against the seizure of an Englishman s papers whi^ch contributid to the welfare of his country. All parliamentary men are not plunderers of their country- , ^-j .. The Bunitts- began to explore the lands on the Rideau m the middle of he' las? decade If the i8th century, ^r Wright can.es.x or s^^^^^^ years later to Hull and cut the first trees on the "^'-^'^^^^'^^^^ /! ^!^^^ river west of Papinea , settlement above two "J^^^^^^V^,^^^'^^!^. "JJ land cleared more than one hundred years along the 0"awa west o Hawkesbury. Otters were plentiful on the streams. Beavers built JarTs wfth^poles they cut. and formed ^"--.^^ P^^^^j.X oTthe Muskratsci't the thick, coarse grass that grew in the middle ot the ^ream drew it to their landing place, fed on its white roots using the ftems for houses, under which they could get down the bank unde.^ce n winter and hMp themselves to such provisions as came in reach. I hese little wor' ^r -Pt the streams clear of these grasses so tha; the cu^^^^^^^^ ran freely .it their indiscriminate slaughter by the Indians, the care le" ness'S .ne farmers on the banks, the rank grass has grown up and obstructions abound and lands are overflowed ^° J^/'^.y^^'"^^^^^;^^ damaging the lands and injuring the health The other wild occupants have diiTiinished or wholly disappeared, so that a beaver or an otter is not heard of within many miles of the highest up settlements of the lands. The floods kHled fine oak and other forest trees. The Dominion Gov- ernment should deepen these streams tor the health of the people. Thr^e or four dollars a rod would take three feet deep out of the m.d- Ile of the sLeam. The people of this part of the Dommion have .o frnt a ffrant of anything to improve the condition of the country that iTs supported ToLs in' all thei^r straits. Men -j^h India rubber boots could Shovel out mud at t^venty-five cents a y.rd. Jh^^^^f^^^^f^^^,^^ heen soendthrift with railroads why not do some other thmgs tor the neople Wha they waste wilfully in a year on the Experinnental Farm ?o no purpose wo,^ld deepen all the streams in the flat lands and drain and m^ke healthy the large tracts of country under their very eyes.^^^^^^ never looked at. How would it do to make the trial of doing a little stroke of iustice to the inhabitants around the Capital ? Three feet deep cut out Sf he river bed below what it now is would carry off water enough to let the lands dry up around and greatly benelit the farmers now sufi-erng by draining thdr neighbors. Under your view each farm resemb es an Syo^ll^age with dwelling houses, barns, feeding houses silos, iviostof th^p?oneersof I8i8 are gone, and many born since have followed thenu SomT?arms have changed owners^ Most o them however are m the possession of the descendents of the original owners The firs occu oants got their patents from the crown. The Simcoes, the Ma.tlands Durhams GosfSrds heads figure on the old patents From these the transfers has be^n made. Some have a long succession of mortgages. Here the law is loose, even defective. Every transfer the lawyer has a "w search and the offence is piled up and no gain e-ePVJ'l^^J^ ;t "L nf ^v^rv new lawyer as he executes the mortgage. The early set- tlers w-re generally free from quarrels except when they in°"'K-"^";^ freelv in Jamaica These wc^e immediately .quieted down and peace esto^rcd •'oTinrwas freely used as if it were a necessity and so long as people kept in moderation it was not considered even a vice. Treatmf^ HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY It e assisted I's papers, itary men he middle or seven this grand ; have no a west of .vers built md grass, die of the 5 using the nder ice in h. These \e currents 5, the care- rn up and ling extent occupants otter is not the lands, linion Gov- he people. )f the mid- m have rjot )untry that bber boots orities have ngs for the lental Farm Is and drain ry eyes, but little stroke ieep cut out nough to let suffering by ssembles an ilos. Most of lowed them. ;r, are in the 2 first occu- ; Maitlands, )m these the ■ mortgages, lawyer has a the satisf ac- he early set- nduigcd too n and peace d so long as e. TrcatinjT was considered an act of friendship. Moderate drinking very common, yet there was not much drunkenness. Profane swearing was by no means as common as at present. Lying, the vice of today was very rare. But now what man will you believe? "Even ministers they ha' been kenned in holy rapture great lies and nonsense baith to vend and nail't wi' scripture." The church has suffered more to-day by the false- hoods of the clergy than by intoxicating drinlcs. We do not give this as heresay, but as a subject, sad to say very capable of proof. lUegitimatts were very few. Education was by voluntary subscription and well sustained. Boys got a good training for business and girls read fluently and wrote elegantly, whilst arithmetic was carefully taught and no such thing as the notion of denominational schools entertained. The idea originates and is largely cherished for the safety of the seats and to ab- sorbe the funds. Human beings greatly desire to be the dominant party forgetting mat such a party is almost always ty rannical. There was great effort put forth to clear, and fence, and build. Some got up stone houses, but these being plastered on the stone become damp, and they had not got to the idea of building in bond timber furring and lathing which is the true plan. Some one recommended roughcasting the stone wall outside, which they did and secured a dry house. A properly built stone house is the most healthy, th^ most economical, the safest from tempests, and the most durable. After the temporary shanty, sided lo^'^ houses became very popular. Several of these are yet standing and in good preservation. In the clearing of land very much was done by what they denominated a Bee. The people of the Ottawa valley need no description of what it is or was. For the benefit of others we may say, it was a gathering of neighbors to pile up the logs of the burnt chopping that had been cut about I2 feet long. The teamster often chose the f r ' r or more men to follow his oxen, and with a long chain pulled in the logs from both sides, which the men rolled up in a pile and threw light ones on top. A team and a gang would log an acre a day The bee was according to the size of the chopping, provided they could command so many. The day was one of general feasting. The fatted calf or sheep was ^illed or the best beef procurable was well roasted with well boiled potatoes, the best of bread, buns, cakes, crackers, also puddings and pastries, whilst tea and coffee flowed in equal streams. One man had charge of the bottle, if he was judicious the people went home .sober, if not there would be odd ones a little in- clined to mirth, others measuring the road as we observe some measur- ing a twelve foot sidewalk in the evening. The day being over and gone and the work done, the young men washed off the coal dust of the burnt logs, and dressed as the,- came in the morning, the oxen were cared for or sent home. The young ladies having got through the dish-washing and looking as bright as bottled ale, they began a hearty contest at "song about." The mnsic of the human voice divine "put life and mettle in their heels," and dancing followed as a matter of course till the short hours had passed and the yoiing gentlemen each saw "his Nellie home" from the entertainment. The United Empire Loyalists and all others loiiowcd -up these customs. in afcei years il was thought impossible to have a bee without the liquor, either to log or raise a building, but Mr. Hugh Gouriay broke the spell and disappointed the preditions of the seers by having a splendid bee without the Jamaica spirits, and since m W li HISTORV Of THE OTTAWA VALLEY that time enough the bees are less numerous than before they succeed without a drop of alcohol. They used to have quUtings too in these pri- mitive times and plays sometimes were substituted for dances. The pioneers followed the customs and plans of those who came from the United States, who knew so much more of the new country and how to succeed in it. They planted more corn than the farmers did in the fol- lowing age, which gave an opportunity to have evening husking bees. General Booth has plans for bringing together the young people that mating may take place on proper principles of fitness. These huskmg bees gave' favorable occasions at times to meet and get acquamted and paved the way for the more formal calls at her mothers where the acquaintance thus formed could grow and ripen, happy matches often sprang up from these beginnings- The corn crop in these parts was not very large, and the ears should not be left to hang on the stalks very long, as in the Western States where they raised little else. It had to be housed as soon as ripe, and the animals were left to consume the stalks before winter set in. So in the long nights of October and Nov- ember the fine moonlight, the buskers could convene and strip the ears whieh were disposed of on some dry loft or safe place till milhng time came. They seldom used "Atolbrose" at these assemblys. A choice supper served all purposes. They had such a good ti.ne and went home before morning dawned. There must be marriages or the race must cease. One generation must pass away and another must come. Ever since Jacob wen*" to see Rachel, and kissed her ruby lips, when they met at the well, and we are far from saying that, this was the first meet- ing or demonstration of the kind among our wandering species; it is probable that the custom is as ancient as the race; nothing offensive, wrong or in bad taste could be said of the lovely, unstained and blush- ing Eve when she first opened her eyes on the dignified, manly form of her lover aud lord in the pure innocence, submitted cheeks and lips to receive the salutation as evidence of love at sight, without shame and with a modesty unsullied and becoming, the situation, and the circum- stances ; no stealthy invasion of a neighbors rights in the case ; so m this young world of the Ottawa Valley, w^en kindred spirits met, there were harmless and friendly greetings, "nemine contradicente." One institution of these early days has passed away. The innumer- able places where a well can be had by sinking six feet, made it easy to procure f Sundance cf pure water. Jacob's well required a bucket with a rope to lift the water. "Sir thou hast no 'antlema' and the well is deep. Instead of the long rope, a small pole with a limb near its thick end, set to hold the handle of the pail was used, and when skilfully man- aged served the purpose, but in unwary hands tin pails often gets oft, and sank, to be raised by a fitting hook. But the spring pole was more common. A long thick cedar post, with the top prepared by a natural fork, or otherwi.se, to take the long spring pole that worked on a pin, was planted deep in the ground to be permanent and steady. The con- nection between the spring pole and the bucket, might be a rope or a chain, but was generally a small pole attached by a piece of cham to th;: top of the spring pole and Uic heavy end had the bucKct sccufcu to it. The bucket was made of good oak staves, iron hooped with a strong iron wire handle, and hung there in the wind like a pendulum, The back weights on the spring pole would nearly balance the pole or bucket fu inside wi or three f There we papers pr make frie go too ne days of | bench to the crowd goes up a wooden p pumps we to stay, lass. Lat drilled in resting or house enc bucket ris) There wa beyond tl have not 1: bore such succe-ss, ar the plan h; much land Educj each famil; ren in the of Hull an taught hej The Richnr the money teacher wh schools we except sonr pense. Mi relatives ur ers and sist before thei sometimes' send, and p five dollars icholars," w he farm. There was "amous Thf faction," th hemselves. arm ers woi earns when his^ absorb! :y succeed 1 these pri- ces. The e from the nd how to in the fol- iking bees, eople that se husking icquainted where the :ches often ts was not stalks very It had to nsume the ■ and Nov- p the ears lilling time A choice vent home race must ne. Ever when they first meet- pecies; it is : offensive, and blush- ly form of and lips to jhame and he circum- ase ; so in pirits met, :ente." e innumer- : it easy to ucket with the well is ir its thick Ifuily man- in gets off, J was more ' a natural d on a pin, The con- rope or a )f chain to 1 A.- ed with a pendulum, ;he pole or HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 13 nsfde wkh 7. ""^^ '.^ r^'^ managable, The well was built orlh^f^^fK-T' ^"'^ ^ V}^^iovm on top, with a crib or a box two There wirf..?' sometimes a hd covering the mouth for safety, naoers nrin.2^^ T^^ of drowning in wells reported, as we had then no Efiil f^- ji ' *"^ anxious mothers going to church, or store, or to make friendly visits, warned their children "not to fall in the well not go too near the fire till Ma comes back." Like the Indiana ladjin the tZry.!j'^^} "^^f "P. l"^ "■^^'•^^•" ^h^" she rushed to the penitent thP rrn °^'°"^^''' '''.ftl^^^^'" >'"'= ^^^"''"^ ^'^h her husband back in loes un an?ff ^>K""f .."T ^l^ ^" ^ ^'^^^ ""^^ ^''^^^ ^^ile mother goes up and joins Church." In the onward movement of the world the wooden pumps appeared of bored pine, and tamarac in joints Chain pumps were introduced but did not stay. Force pumps after this came L t", J .K^""^ """r^ the bucket was worked with a chain and wind- Sed in .1,: ^^ u' •.? *'" ^".^''^'' ^^^ ^'^^ *° ^""^^ ^ater out of wells resHna nn . '"^""^ '^'u' ^ u*'^^ '" ^^^ ^°"^"^ °^ the bucket, that was 1,?. c ^ y r" '? ^ ^^'^ ^^""^ conveyed the water to the nail. A little house enclosed such a well, and the pulley at the top letth^six feet ong bucket rise out of the well, to be set on the pin that raised the valve^ hevon7?h.T ^'''''*" ^ell on the farm of one of the earliest settlers, hZ^nl K "^ swamp that ran freely for some time. But they hore "^^h^^^^rT^'""'-- ^."^ f ^'^^ Bonaparts was iaid to propose to bore such wells to run in the desert, which it was thought would be a ZXlX"^ '"Tk'^" wilderness into fields of verdure and fertHi y, bu? murh InH^' T ^"^^^ ^f "^^ ""^ ^^ ^^'^ ^^ ^« 1^"<^^- We have too much land yet more easily managed. ...h^"^" -1^' k" ^^^""^ *° ^^""^ *'*'^" ^^t^** t^^e Hebrew mode, taught in rlT-l'^uI^^ ^°"^-,."^eml^er of it. as there must have been some child- of Hull uIam ^Sn'^' ^^^S^;:f ^'^-'^^ ^^'^ '°t '" the land. Mr. Wright au^ht h.A ^f "^' of Gloucester had tutors. Mrs. Honeywell Thp R.vv, T ^^^ ^T^. °f her neighbors children in her own house. IheKichmond colony having so many officers, succeeded in obtaining teacher X ^^^ the Home Government, to build a school and pay thf eacherwho was sent from England. It only lasted a year or two chools were ind.spensible. Governesses were employed by some, but pensT T.Vfr'^r'"'^ ''^''\'' r'y ^^"^ "^••^ ^^^^ ^o meet the ex- relatrve. nn./n "!l ^^' ^^P} ^ ''"'^ ""hool, some times two families of er !nd .i.rj.= TK °"^ ^'r' ^^'J^^^ her cousins, also with her'own broth- hrfnri H 7}^ people of a district talked the thing over often bcjore they could get a schoolhouse built, and a private building was ometimes used temporarily. Every man stated how many he fould ivP Hnuf ^""^^''/'^'-^^^'^^^tecameto twenty, the fees would be rhnbri-''' ^ ir*"^' ^' 0"e hundred dollars and "go round with the •he f^rm "^^ ^ renumeration. This corresponded with the wages on Pherl T;.c .1 teachers were no better qualified than ,arm laborers, amous ThrelJ^^R i?% '"n^'^' ''"' elementary principles, equal to the ra^t^n^fh.. m'^ 9"\"^an thought if his boy could^"add up a raciion. that wniilH Hn f/->.- liir>-, r\c ^1 I'l .. ^ Jmerll Lumbermg was in advance of settlements, and many ea^s wCn'^h^ '" rr^^' ci-^-.ig timber.'whilst others drew with their hrabJorWna^ ^l ^ v""'' ^""^ the grown up boys were employed in ms, absorbing work. Younger children could be sent to school and '\r \ ' I I 1 111- I ,^ ^ HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. high qualifications in the '=ach=r were not exp«^ed nor co„s^^^^^^^^ essential. IVIany teachers were old feeble men, that were "':»?»"'= , nroeress VouL men pushed on their stud.e^ and rose to '^e needs or Schools, retaining their places and doing effic.en work^ The school were small in accommodation, and they were thmly a'^^nded at hrst but perhaps in as good proportion as "« f er a^ nature wasso. A voluntary principle. E«ry ■mprovement of a pub. c nature wa ^^^ subscription was opened, and pushed to n>ff 'H^ <^"='^ " ^ j f„. There Tre people %™<=nl,ghtened ye, as to hmk Aat ™e'h°d^P„^ ^^ ful^rrorltag^ricJtStoTjy'^tt^i^itut^^^^^^^ °^°S:°cL7anierwTtLrit\7« ?L^^rnre:rcrp"e1,r:^°qro' »?Hsir^ iTw^ S ilp^o^o^n tL present Coasted .^y-™-wit^rs''' IfthJsSo^U rtel'^rmtortt%™»^^^^^^^^^^ -retffiSrn?.oi^n:eXe!^«^Mth:9^^^^^ and give, at the public expense, a more effic,e« and -beral educat,^ ^^ lL"^f ^grand 'i='^KT^onrHow'tUglt:;^d .He parents have re Tented frerical interference in *ese early schools. -^^ '„'';rh°;J°?„' families would have been compelled to keep tneir cn""rcn Iu?h cTrcumstances ? Should the P-sent «- k^^^^^^^ [lyTJ^&l^^l school cause, lead to a commission of '"^*;^^t Ration ^^^^^^ ^^^^ state of things ; and should the Government of Qug>ecretuset Li?rlttnarin^-*f Ey^ re? cf^^on^3£^^^ re^-?sTt'^o^cf"?h^e7m?r^aJ^^^^^^^^ wofk up a costly, and yet faulty school ^V^'Xrch establUhmen . But land are bound to free trade w, h a f»''''y^^Sraent he Americans they have begun to take <'»»" *^ ,*;;;* ^sWe'ttran^^^^ in tin,. 'I'^ttTo^flhe' wf,.. fft rhur^'h-Utab.ishmen.^is^good^^., ^r-e^^soL-dr "efet ■-; 1^^^^—^^^^. Would it be constitutional to make such changes? ii tne pc h HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 15 that such are beneficial they have the power to elect the men to make the changes. One century ago the Government here was mixed — civil and mili- tary — the country had been conquered. Officers were by appointment, not elective, and except the Municipal Council and members of Parlia'- ment most of them are appointive .still or in in the patronage of the Gov- ernment, which it assumes, and without proper authority. Custom or habit is all they can plead. But so many of these long appointments have become so very offensive (some useless) and so costly, that they are objectionable and demand reform. Our earliest settlements were formed of militery men, together with the United Empire Loyalists who had all, or nearly all, inherited their policy from the middle ages. The latter was the most remarkable as their progenitors had forsaken England because of the despotism of such a policy, but returned to it in the day of their power and burned witches freely when they should have turned the despotism out o\ their hearts. The looseness of their divorce laws is objectionable. They retained slavery until it was driven out by force. These and many others like our family compact create rebellion and the tyrannical enactments that cherish, or rather provoke the spirit of rebellion, as they call it, but the sustained struggle for plain common human rights as it should be called. All these show the humiliating in- consistency of fallen humanity. Besides these above named another class of people came and mingled with them in the settlements—a class that wished to escape the grindings of their landlords and their agencies. These opposed high taxation and exhorbitant outlay, and of course soon became marked men and fit subjects to be called rebels. What brought these men here ? What have they to do advocating such questions? In a word what right had such rebels to brains or anything bordering on brains ? But they are yet in existence and may as well be reckoned upon in the estimate of the world's progress. The descendents of the men that have forgotten the wail of Flodden, the tears of Drumclog, the humiliation of Killecrankie and the long starvation of Londonderry; the men that to avoid oppression buried themselves in the woods to better their prospects and those of their children, in order that they might be owners of the soil, independent freeholders, and have a large interest in the government of their country, cannot be expected to coolly approve of misrule. In the first town meetings these gentlemen contended for the lightest taxation, and the honest outlay of the money of the people. But they were too few to be felt ; never aspired after office, not even to be pound keepers, path masters, or collector of taxes. They succeeded in having the work ot the year past read at the follow- ing town meeting, so that they might judge who were worthy of re-ap- pointment to office and who were to be rejected or kept out, if that were po.ssible. The man who would have spent money to influence an elec- tion in these early days would have brought on himself the execration of these upright, single-minded, straightforward men. Should there not still be the determination to oppose undue taxation and encourage economy in every department from the House oi Commons to the Township Council ? The chain of hills lying east and west, begin at the Jock incline a little northward to near Bell's corners, then trend southward across the N'' I i6 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY corners of Goulbourne and March, still inclining southward and stretch into Huntley at Glencairn and Elmwood, covering the borders of March, Huntley and Fitzroy and Torbolton terminating at the Chats. Occasional levels and breaks and nitches appear through which roads pass. They contain limestone and sandstone of various colors in great abundance, materials enough to build a London. Minerals also abound mica, plumbago and phosphates enough to enrich the soil to the height of land. Geologists assert that there is no coal in them. Then every one else to be deferential scholarly and fashionable sing the same song. But they are finding shale at Lake Temiscamingue that is said to burn nearly as well as coal. We submitted samples from my brother's farm, No. 7, ist Con. March to Professor Chapman in Toronto, who termed it choral, but a Philadelphia coal merchant said my sample was exactly like the rocks above the coal beds in the Lehigh Valley in Pennsylvania. No one has the disposition or the money to bore and test, but it may yet be done. The artic explorers report abundance of coal in the north, but is not available for our use (?) Could a railroad be built and worked in such an inhospital climate to bring the treasure to our doors? No doubt a contractor could be found to go into the job if there were mil- lions in it. The fellows that propose to go to James Bay or to Hndson s Bay are ready to go to the worse place in the universe for money, but it is much more economical to bring it from Pennsylvania or Nova Scotia than from the polar regions. Tb> fact, however, that coal ex- ists in the parts explored in the islands near the pole, explods the theory that it is below the coal formation and that other wise theory that the southem part of the continent is a drift from the northern. Where did the north get the earth to send down ? No trace of the old factories for the manufacture of so much earth have been discovered. Perhaps like the invbntors they have passed out of recognition like Hans Breitman s party. Fair ish that party now ? Fair ish dat loafly colden cloud vat hang on te mountainish prow, all gone avay mit te loccar peer. Modem geologians may overturn the notions of older geologists and get us coal on the north of Ottawa. They talk of coal oil or kerosene far north of the St. Lawrence in Quebec. The shale of Temiscamingue may be introductory to coal. The latter may lie deeper and no one has gone in search yet of the coveted article. But the iron rods will be pushed down after it ere long and then we will have a boom like the Africian gold fever in which all our unfortunates will make their for- tunes. If it would only crop up berore the elections wonld come off how grand and glorious ! ! The highest point of these hills is at the junction of Huntley and Fitzroy. From these summits you can get the most delightful views of the country extending on all sides. The beau- tiful level fertile fields ot Templeton, Hull, Eardley .Onslow on the north shore of the Ottawa River, with Torbolton, March, Nepean, Gloucester on the south shore of the river and north of the ridge on which you stand, presents to the eye a pretty expanse of valley lands. Then the thnusands?Qnmaornificient buildings in city, town, village and farm, the shining spires and towers of publFc buildings, the workshops, bridges, highways, all giving evidence of an outlay of engineering and architec- tural skill, an amount of labor skilled, and other wise presenting an ex- penditure of thousands of millions in current money with the mer- HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. chants. In a night view from the brow of these hills, the display of light. gas kerosene electnc is positively wonderful to look upon in c?cr5 ?hP flon!!" r n ' °"'*°°t'« «" the north side with the clear blue waves of hL h?.o."l^ ^ .?'? ^^.^""S °" t^*^''- b°«°"» to man and everything : thin.,?Sl m; V^^^^^ t''^"'^^' ^"'»*^'"g "P bone and musde. «f- eilSf InH ^L? 1 "^^'^°'*^t'"? the brain, and the mind, contributing to the brave fntot I^n? i^'"'? ^""^i ^ f^^^ ^^ ""^^ ^' ^^^^'j'' P^ti^nt and laborious. brave, intellectual and scholarly as are to be found in any clime, or in ^ny division of the human family on the face of the wide worW oir th^r^t.''P^^','° f^-^ ^"""^^l^"' °" ^^^^^ hill sides and valleys and overall these extended plains without a shadow of exaggeration. Turn now Saralti^.d'^' south side landscape though y?ur stand is nS at s^ high an altitude as on the Uurentians, 20 miles north of it, yet the pro.- pect IS so fair so agricultural, and so dotted with original foreste in s^orodlic ive'?"'^'';'^' ^'^^^'"^^ ^'' ^° extens ve.soUl cuuTvTtei. atSn^ ^ ' ^"^""^ting in waving meadows, golden grain fields and' green pastures, teeming with flocks and herds of improver' breeds and' alXn^ ;'.a"eties and lengthy pedigrees. In the summe. season the ^hlnicfV "'"^7'*u ^'i^^'''' P'-omiscuously blending their bright tints in tnunT Ai^""^ shedding their aromatic fragrance in the atmosphere around. A large number of little orchards blooming in the loveliness of nnhrnl'! ''' ^ ^'''t" "^"^H '^>'' P''*'"^ ^^^ productiSc as possiblc. The unbroken woods abounded in wild plums and cherries, the latter choice iv'/JT ^^if"""';"',^'"''- ^••"^•"g ^"d such like, but' should be more TJcZTJ; ^^T'^f''""]^°^^^''"^'°P'^"*'^""y°"°"'-marketaretheHncal wh.n n^ 1 f^'T ^'^^ IP^^^i-^ens, so much admired by the youths when no other fruit except berries, wild currants and thorny gooseberries were vis.Me on the landscapes except the never failinlhawthSS oak h rr' T 'l^ 7*"- J^^ f °"'^ "°t ^'"'t the fruit of^he beedJ^ hplf ^nH r'l' ^^'''' ^y^' ^''^""'y- '^^^ (y^rnished abundance to beast and bird ere any footprint but that of the roaming savage had left ts impression on the soil of the country. When you clnsidefthe lat" tude and climate you may ask the explorer to point you out any counJnr Tt'a XX°"'^' ^n ^'t' -/-habit, ^ou'^an see almcs? wkh^ out a glass the spires of churches between vou and the St. Lawrence Your view from these hill tops, one hundred years ago, >^ould have coXake ,•:," ""'^'"''"" ^^'■^^'°" ."^y^'y ^'^^ ^^ f^"- ^^ yo"r best telescope fr.. 1, , V. *" '■''"^%°u >'°"'' '"'•°"- N°t an axe had been laid to a fmm L "^ . "'•'"• P^ *^°""*'>^ °" the south shore of the Ottawa from Its eastern ponit for 250 miles westward is very good soil stretch- ZrTV^'^'.l^'. ^•'^"''>' °^ '^^ St. Lawn nee. and Lstward to Late Huron. But in the last 100 miles east of I'arry Sound it is broken com posed of mountains, rucky hills, valleys, lakes and streams - not muSi ;;lodTrT rT'""""K'^^' "^--^^ ^^^^--^ ^^^^^ ^'"^ "-^ '^^^^^ ^s T^t^Pi'n l?\u ^''t'-'P between the great river and the Laurentian range of hills. North of this range there are patches of good land, but so broKcn as to be what travellers describe the west sid5 of this conti- nent an Ocean of Mountain.s.- These are not hit'h but ulentifn! u^ith :aKes ana sti earns unnumbered. The Ontario side of the river bound'ry .s well cu tivated and very populous now. but i.i our early recollection it was largely occupied by what they tci.ued half oa)' officers of the army Hi ii ; Hi !<» F.STORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY ati 1 navy, all of whom received large tracts of land from the Govern- ment. Old soldiers of the ranks and others filled up the. back country, wnilst the odicers occupied the river front. O'le hundred acres was the Sin t St grant made at that time, and the sctilemcnts extended back by slow degrees on the good lands. The stories of these origmal settlers were very entertaining to the new comers, especially to the young, on whose susceptible minds deep impressions were made, as everything was new, strange and interesting The French vvere tii-' first European settlers keeping the river banks and lake shores closely, though they ex- tended the line far westerly exploring rivers and lakes over the greater part of the continent. The British followed in the conquest of the country and its occupation. The country was one great unbroken forest close and dense, through which the sun scarcely penetrated to the soi the high-land and swamp alternating lay in shadow except in small openings of swales and ponds fed by rills and small creeks, all of which soon disappeared as the lands were cleared and cultivated. The cleared lands proved to be of rich quality as the forests fell to the axes and the songs of the labourers. These early days were disti^bed by no bush fires. The dampness of the soil made it sometimes difficult to bum the brush of the choppings. A horse was an interesting sight ; very rare indeed, and men got rich by the labours of the ox, whose backs served often to carry loads of provisions. Many were the sighs of the exiles , for their native lands, though they often denied that poverty brought them from their ancient homes, for they had plenty of it there. How intensely they listened as one told them that he ground wheat or com in a pepoer mill to make a cake on which he fed, whilst he looked for work or secured a bushel of potatoes to carry home on his back, 17 or 25 miles, and plant for the next year's provisions. Some told how they had travelled hungry and weary to get employment and sent word back home to their wives that they had got work but were doubtful if they would get paid for it. Lowrey's and Moorehead's carried wheat on their backs from the Rideau to Fitzroy and Huntley, at least 40 miles, for their seed, travelling along the south side of the Carp and staying over night at Marten's and Grant's. This was about 1819 — years betore our time. The great winter labour was chopping, then burn off and hoe or drag the wheat in the burnt land. In the end of the last century Mr Philemon Wright explored the Chaudiere Falls, and in the second month of 1801 began his journey from Massachusetts via Montreal to Hull. He commenced to clear land and build houses and mills. He was the first to employ the almost limitless water power. He chose Hull as his home and the scene of his operations, though the land was rough compared with other places, but it was covered with timber >vhich was in his mind the prospect of a fortune. The Government o! the times made him liberal grants of land, and almost everything else here- qiiiied. He was endowed with the best business capacity. We well r^ member a visit to his mill which was reputed then the best available. We came with a younger brother, the best teamster of ' his inches in the land, with a yoke of three-year-old steers bred by Mr. Thomasl Christie, half-bloods from some fine sire that Dr. Christie had got froraj Quebec to his Glencairn farm. We crossed the ice to Huii [fii ^y""^|;1 and c?.me down to the Chaudiere mill. We were all night m the mill,| HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 19 the steers chained in the shed. It blew a tempest in the nlf^ht. We could not get our grist for several days and had to get home in the stonn. We crossed the river on the ice to By-Town as the first wooden brid{Tc had fjone down the current for ever, from where it had stood some time before. James Morin had walked to By-Town and brought back the nc\v« that the bridfje had fallen some time before this. He told the story that a "black man" was crossing when it broke down and ran for his life, and Morin affirmed that he was white when he reached the By-Town side, (if you demurred,) Well, as white as I am, which was not saying much for his own colour. The day was still stormy and very cold as we came home and we trotted our steers keeping up with a grey mare that led the way till we turned from her on the March road halting to feed them and warm ourselves. But darkness came on us on a road we had never travelled, and the wearied steers turned in at a bars where a straw stack stood at a shanty door, the man, Mr. Mike Gleeson, came out of the shanty asking a question, and the two little fellows told their story. He chained the steers to eat at the straw stack, took the boys in before a blazing fire, the delight of their hearts on such anight. This act of hos- pitality has never been forgotten. What evoked our admiration on the Hull road was the beautiful rows of young maples Mr. Wright had planted on the sides of the highway, before and on each side of his fine house in Hull, surpassing anything else visible on our whole journey. His depot or store of provisions never failed. Seed wheat, corn, potatoes, oats and peas served to supply the wants of all the surrourid- ing regions. He was always in funds to meet all exegencies. The Jamaica spirits were freely used in those times in Hull as the thirsty used to tell. Bob Boyle is reported to have asked the Squire ''Is my credit good for some drinks?" "Yes, Bob, for a puncheon." "Roll it out then." So Bob and companions had some enjoyment for a time. A box of pipes and a keg of tobacco completed the year's wages. So he >vent to the woods cheerfully to pay it with the axe and the lines. Treating was kept up by store keepers for many years, but this ruinous practice has gone to oblivion. The first cellar was not yet dug in Chicago, and pork had to be brought from Cincinnatti, the great porkopolis, all the way to Hull, for the " Lumbering" Hull became the centre from which radiated colonics, if we may so say, to all points up the river on both sides. Small boats might land easily along the north shore all the way from the Gatineau to the falls. Many people as they came to the country entered for some length of time into the service of Mr. Wright till they got some money and some idea of the country and looked up lands. Officers of the army and navy seemed not to settle in or near Hull. Upper Canada was their field or place of attraction. Settlements were early formed up the north shore of the Ottawa. Waller, Day, Rollin, McConnell, ITolt, Esterbrooks, Bell. Taylor, Grimes, Heath, Chamberlain, Parker, IT ill, Kenny, Conroy, Eagan, Doyle, Hurdman, Coutle, Church, Mc- Lean, Radmore, Aylen, Aylwin, Haworths, Pinks, Gordon, Stewarts, Sj»ark.s, Lusk, with many others in these primitave times. Towards the v\\ St end of Hull Brekenridges^^ Duncans, ^cCooks, Beoby, Meri- ficlds, Maxwells, Eadies P. H. Church and De Celi were Lheii physi- cian all their life among then Or. Church left great wealth, but Dr. De Cell not much, and burned his oooks that no one could collect ^fterhim. II i ? V ao HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. Hull was the hub whence radiated sc many to other parts, one after another especially between the mountain range and ^he nvei% ti I tn^ leading road cut first to the lumber region and from whch branch s turned to the shanties, was all located on both sides to Eardly and Ons- low and Bristol. In the two former the hills trend ^^thward and nar- row the land to a strip. Joseph Lusk had anumcrous f^rnily of sons and da.-ghtcrs that married and filled up a large portion of /';,'^^^^\'7yf Joseph was an upright man and truthful Re told us of t Ic k d of discipline he exorJsed. One daughter had a visitor her f^}^lf^^^^l like and forbade her encouraging his visits, but they were con inued so he took a light trace chain and inflicted a few stripes on we ^Zl^^Jthe a young lady called " Henry Ward Beecher's part of the body as the portion he thought was formed by nature to receive correction. We hope the stripes were not numerous nor heavy. He was "ot a stern S I the time of our acquaintance The visits ceased however though the wrong party was punished. Were punishment of course not too severe, resorted to more frequently in certain cases, there wouki be fewer ill-assorted marriages and much less misery 'f '-^^^.d o" them selves and others. Physiologists and stock breeders ^old that certam animals should be employed for other purposes than propagatin^^^^^^ species. Pigeons are said if taken away a.id left wild for a ffvv years to. lose all the Hch colour of their improved condition and re urn to the dull leaden natural colour. Do^s the law not apply to the higher orders of creation? If the parents are not in harmony about the upbringing of their offspring, will these left to grow not degenerate ? Perhaps that is too strong a word for the negligent parents have degen. erated^ Human nature requires eternal vigilance to keep «" j^P^^^^^f.; rejecting the vile virulence of our fallen nature, and purifying it from all fiSnesS of the flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness >" .the fear of Go^^^^^ Farther on in Eardley the Finlays, the Fr'\"F^^V"l^"7^^^Vel^^^ McLean and his family. Moores. Joseph and Wm. ^.T^JZ ^reSv kept hotel in the woods in Onslow on the leading road to Ottawa great j frequented and patronized by the shantynien. Sometimes the boys paid thel bills, but without cash they would have the drink and give their emulover for it The business broke down at last, as Joe could not keep ^pX'^-ppTy and he told doleful stories of how he was broke" d^" One big Hirishman he fill tumbler, an he say der ma coo 1^^'°"}^?^^^ big Hirish he fill tumbler, he say here's luck Joe anoder big Himhman he sav here's fortune Joe ; he no stan French, but de no money, de iuck and d'^fo^tune soon b^oke Joe Veleau. Dr. Chu-h h^^ som^^^^^^^ '^^ drives in his extensive practice, and sometimes halted fora dmner v^th Joe, whose wife was a pure blood Indian woman. Joe w^ vety prc^d of her as a tasty cook and a shanty keeper, for bis hotel was a tog shanty even when we saw it. He introduced her to ^^ Cburch^us^ Dr. Church, my wife; some lady, some squaw. Will^mVelea^^^ was a shoe maker and «rrought extensively for Andrew Howlers shanty men. The lumber road was past his P^*"' .Jhe men J^re h,s beef-skin moccasins and coarse boots. His Wjer s tavern _was^«ear, and on Sunday some drouthy soui would take nis "ojf^^ «»" * =V^ "^^^ from the shanty of the men to visit W»»bacn. When ^^ dnnk had hold of him William would 6ght with his own shadow. His wife was HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. U oreeserve Th«^Frln!.^ i 'Y "^ ^"^ ^''^''>' '^"-''^ i she want a little l!w £^T"- ^'■°"]!"^"' ^T"S these was Mr. W m Kinf^/ed catecl r t c law. he. however d.d not take to it. but with a widowed sistcMrs lZ\ and her two children, Mr. James Laird and Miss Lair ' T J^rv muS from Beckwifh anH Porr.e« en- nein^ goo , settlors came in irum uecKWim and Kamsev, nllmcf up in a few vcar>; Hnf tUn. i; . r River. .Clarendon became a great attraction with its thick cover ■iVr of Ton.; ?"l?v, ''' '^^f good lands, and as the laws had ncf^^oTaho x^cle Long Sault they could, as in Israel ^hen they had no Kin.^ do w v t was right .n their own eyes. Multitudes were driven into i '"n ? so much from persecution as to enjoy immunity from the incessent ammv-^ re and torture of creditors, whose polite dun"^ became veyirHtain" V r! were fellows so vicious among these creditors as to nickname the h xnov retreat of these escaped victims " Rogues Harbour." In" pke Tf a lit! esc Ckr.nl'nV^^P'''" ^r "°' °"'>' P^P"'^-- ^"tbecame popuUs? o hat Clarendon Centre soon became a village. Mr Shaw keot store in th place and gave it his name, and it is now Shawrillefthroi^h vh d runs the Chapleau & Church (now Pontiac) Railway. S Ul TrTl cr wc i^nark to Litchfield filling it with enterprizing farmers, many of whom r.Ji?l";?/::_9l°\?'"y^°" «^.Sons_l"mbered extensively and built . j-._ , „^ . ^ . _.y.^, ^j ^_^^^ villajre whose stone buildings reflect the highest credit on father and sons. ''Their Pre by m.^nL «« Q ' °^ 'i°"^J '', ^" attraction and attended by all the com- munity. So good and pleasant is it for brethren to dwell toother in |23 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLENfc i-* unity " We can only now outline this march of settlement. b»t »iope to ?ctum to it] and do it more justice in a fuller extended notice at a future **'^Hull thus became one centre whence the people proceeded to form other senlement" Mr. Wright got lands for the ^^--^^X.T.l^ l^ him and they would build a little shai.ty, brush out and clear a '"Ic Dit. thTrlheVottC heir patents and when they wished to go elsewhere he boucht them out for a small sum or a little tradmg. and so oceanic pLSd of Tmm^nse land property, in addition ^" J. -,f -^^-'^tt L himself which were very large. Years elapsed after tlie young seme m"nt of Hull was begu,^ bcfcle any --cy was made m any jnut^of the County of Carleton, as .t now exists except one «f J^^°/^^.^,\;^ ^^^ March was unsurvcycd when its first mhabitants took up '^" '' ^ .^"p the river b>rnk General Lloyd and Captains Monk, Edwards, bticet Weatherly Ueut. Rced.ftl.c Admiral) and his brother James, wi h Ur^ Sier&aniel Beatty and others covered ^1- front o the o^^^^^^^^ the sou h shore of the river frcm the line of ^orbo ton tc tht^iine cm Nepean about i8i8. The 1st concessions of March and """^1^^ ^^J?^",. on the town line between them. A post ^f/.^"^^'* '^central pos ih . line and one at each s de ; thirty-three feet from the ccnirai poht oea'hVdfpoTEle^yfiivedoublelo'^^^^ was laid out as wide as a concession and at right angles with !t- r^eu'crs Tame o the fJont of March about the time the others occupied the rivet Sank Frederick Richardson, Thomas Acres Thomas Wiggans.G^^^^^^^^^ bed%rS>S ^f ^Sa^^h.^l^n^Sp^^^ ]^^ Graham Hugh Mc(Sughan,W Capt Logan, Robert Duncan and JoTeph Davis filled in along the 2nd and 3rd concessions Amusine stories were told by these folorn hopes of settlers. John CavanS cut down a very large tree then cut a lot of small poles p ac- ^g them with one end on'the fround.the other on^^^p-a log slept many nights under these poles with his axe on ou. s- e ''^ an oM Queen bIss musket on the other. Such a dormitor. ra Ua • ^t ^^ f^ used as it was not water-tight and there was not ^ . .lel f..ar tnat nc covdd go in^o head foremoft. like Diogenes, turning its staunch end to the welther in defiance of wind and rain. Sergeant ^iowie. a httk faithe west lenethened out hs provisions by shooting. They said "e never plucked duck or partridge" but burned off the feathers as he roasted them °" %^A^^:^^n, so long and favourably kno-^d^"^g LThrtool^^breathing .me the^^ tliought away in tnc uioiain-c , =^ l«-~.i..& '"CL' A-'.^'^'^r Aftrr some to bnish and blaze a path to see what they might discover ^'t^^ some ,) HISTORY OK THE OTTAWA VALLEY. ' 2} to brush and explore, so they met. and it turned out to be Mr Cowffc beating on the right or north bank of the Carp a concession below 1*1 r Workman. The latter remained only a fc^ years on the farm but managed to teach a part of that time. He wrote a beautiful hand and would take as much pains in writing to a friend or in keeping his books as m settmg a copy in the old style to a school boy. He narrated some peculiar exi)crienccs he had in his time on the farm. One was a run for L' VT'' w^' P "^^"'^ "°' ^^ procured, being away on another call; vv'hen Mr. Workman returned the boy was born and all right. John Zi.ssca was born in the open field. The name indicates oue-eycd, as he had lo.c an eye, but he seldom lost a battle, and when totally blind and guid- ed by a horseman on each side chroniclers say he never lost a battle when deprived of both eyes. He fell at last non tarn victus quam vin cenaofessus. The splendour of the great bay, as well as the beautiful scenery of the Ottawa River bank, must have attracted to March the many officers as well as some civilians in 1818. Captains Cox, Undcll and Stevens in addition to those above mentioned, found room on the river front' But such large grants of from 800 to 2,000 acres, said to have been given Mr. 1 inliey, could not l)e located on the river bank, and they agreed to divide the front among them and take the remainder of the grants in other places. 1 he survey had not been made, but Mr. John McNau-rh- ton and Hugh Tails Acre excellent surveyors and genial gcntJcnien who managed to arrange suitably to the satisfaction of all, so tliat from Car)t Landell s at the 1 orbokon Corner down to the other corner the river balik was parcelled out to tue satisfaction of all concerned, x/r T^^"^io Lloyd had no family, but his estate went to his nephew Mr. Lloyd Smith, who married Miss Monk, now Mrs. McNabb. Another sister IS Mrs. R. Y. Green, whose late husband enjoyed a very high place in the esteem of the people, was long Reeve of March, and' whose sons are in the law and other professions in the city. The sons of Capt Monk have been in tlu, law, the army and Parliament, very honourable men. Mr. Hamnet Piiihey, an English merchant, some times went as super cargo, was at home on sea or land He came rich to March and settled among the army rmd navy officers, built a grist and saw mill on a little creek, and a church at his own cost, as his neighbours officers of high rank, were not overburdened with wealth. The talents, wealth and enterprise of Mr. Piiihcy were of great service to the young colony as he was private banker lo the people before any banking was thoutiht of in the new country. He had done some gallant service for the British Government with his liule bark: Dressed as a Spaniard he sailed almojt through the Prcnch fleet, delivered his dispatches to the Kine of Irussia and returned undetected and triumphant. Everyone honoured mm. Gifted and unassuming he was in Parliament and the Legislative Council of Upper Canada. The lumber was exhausted, the creek dried up with the land clearing, the mill became useless, but the church is eood to^this day. ^ Mr. Horace Pinhey, his eldest son, lived and died in the o ..ome^ .,'.any imaiigraiits came in empty handed. Mr. Finkey sold hem lands gave them time to pay, lent them money to purchase or took them for debts due him by others, and gave plenty of time which was then a great accommodation. His interest was then only six or ff 3'" ' ffl j^ HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. seven per cent. The writer's tather was often tt ansfcrred to Mr Pinhey in 'the many land purchases he made. He wa., fn.qucnt y offered money at six per cent, if he wished to speculate, but he would not do so on borrowed capital. Mr. Pinhey wrote all deeds to those who came, and prescribed for many sick folks till his nephew. Dr^ Hill, came to practice in March— sometime after Dr. Christie left. 1 he usual plan of pur- chase among the new comers was to buy at so m-ich. pay an amount down and the remainder in yearly payments without interest Dr. Hill married one and Mr. John Pinhey the other of Mr. Pinhey's daughters. Mr. C. H. Pinhey, the late talented lawyer, was the youngest. Studious and obliging, he was our old school mate under Mr. Wardrope and Mr. Robb;ran a brilliant career at college and ranked high as a lawyer all his life. n • i-u.* Several talented and distinguished men prejiared for college in that old barn like frame building. The late judge, Robt. Lyon Esq., and the present judge, William Mosgrove, Esq., both talented, scholarly and in- fluential together with Bakers, Moncks, Mallochs, O Connors, Mc Larens Chestnuts, afterwards Christies, Bishops, Grants, and a whole host in the law, medicine and other professions ran brilliant careers m the grammar school that had its early beginning in that old building on Sandy Hill We never meet the survivors of those times but with the most cordial greetings. They were manly, warm-hearted, generous and most obliging, and well conducted, with scarcely one exception. Many of them are gone. The four sons of the late Hon. Thos. McKay are all dead. One fell in battle in the east, a young officer so distinguished by his general conduct, and so much so in that action, several having fallen by his hand ere he was overpowered and dispatched, as to call forth an autograph letter (ton Queen Victoria of condolence to his sorrowing mother. The cheerful, pleasant Joe Stephenson fell from a mast and was killed John McArthur, we have not met since college days, when he related an incident worth mentioning. He had passed Bishop btrachan without the usual salute, whether in absent mood or not, he did not say, but the Bishop reported him to the Professors and he was called to answer to the charge. Forturnately for John, there had been a great procession of Oddfellows that day and he fell on the plea; that he had met so many Oddfellows, that he must have taken the Bishop for one in mistake. The plea was admitted ; the Bishop himself not being able to suppress a smile. So he escaped with the gentle caution to be more C 3 1*^ Till Capt. Weatherly sold a portion of his 1,200 acres of land to Mr. Didsbery, an English farmer who first imported «hort horn purhains and Leicester sheep to March. The writer's father bought of these slocks and with some other importations began his improved stockraising. Mr. Tames Davidson of Nepean purchased some of the same animals. Mr. t)idsbery sold the property to Mr. Berry, who started a brewery, and whose son, Mr. W. Berry, carries it on successfully at present. Capt Weatherly was a bachelor, and Tom, a son of Daniel beatty, hired with him as cook, butler, man and companion. Once a, hunting .. ii_j — 4.i,« ror^^ .wVir. hf\A thi-m for lunch, (let the does rest) and to be sure that all was in order he made a look at the table lorn was spreading and says: "Tom, these plates <'on't look very shinmg. 'H HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 4S cr of Mr. r, was the ite under id ranked ge in that ].,and the ly and in- lors, Mc a whole careers in lilding on t with the erous and n- Many /Ay are all hed by his ; fallen by i forth an sorrowing ;t and was when he » Strachan id not say, called to :n a great lat he had I for one in ng able to >"be more nd to Mr. irhams and lese slocks lising. Mr. inals. Mr. wcry. and liel Beatty, a hunting : dogs rest) table Tom y shining.'' Torn stammered out with an oath: "They were as clean as water could make them. "Water" was a very favorite setter the Capt. had. He had a man blasting a well on the farm whose solid foundation hal not much depth of earth. The enterprise was somewhat doubtful, an 1 the c ptain made many visits to the work. After a blast on one occ ision t le man had contrived to moisten the dust, and the Captain rushed -iown tpc ladder to see for himself, and touching the damp material applied his finger to his tongue saying to the man with an innocent loo!c, "I think it's a .salt spring." Weatherly sold all out afterwards and returned to ij^ngland. Capt. Street was very popular in his native Britain as well as in the land of his adoption to which he did equal honor. Early made a J. P., he married many of the aspiring youths that wished to carry out their honest intentions. His son, J. G. Street, was then very youni; and his .sister, afterwards Mrs. J. B. Lewis, but either the Capt. or the y nmg Mr. Street managed to get the first schoolhouse built, at their owr expense for the people. Mr. J. G. Street, called Jock when a boy, still lives on the old property. One of his daughters, a beautiful girl, is now the daughter-in-law of Mr. John Heney. Her mother was the sister of R. Y. Green, Esq-, very handsome inhertime- Dr. Christie of the navy had lands on the first concession of March next to Huntley on the Paken- ham road. There is a little cemetery on the place in which they have buried for three generations. This farm lies in a nitch in the spur of hills commanding a splendid view of the country to the south. J imie Clarke, one of the Dr.'s people, called it Glencairn under which name it is still known. Here Mr. Thomas A. Christie spent the greater part of his short life. Among other excellencies he possessed a commanding intellect, a great deal of genius, was very obliging and greatly beloved. In these times when clearings were small the lands yielded the finest of crops and the animals grew and multiplied in the woods and beaver meadows as they now do in the richest pastures. Sergeant John Arm- strong spent some time in Hull, then drew 200 acres on the 3rd line of March. A schoolhouse was built on his land, long taught in by Mr. John Younghusband. A fine stone house has replaced the old wooden struc- ture. Two or three were union schools with Huntley, (supported by .subscriptions,) c ne on the Huntley side, two on the March side and oc- cupied by Roman Catholic teachers for years, with only two Catholic families in their section. No cry then for Separate schools, Headley built a little sawmill on a creek on the third line farther west which wrought while the timber and water lasted, then ceased- Mr. Gainsford has a steam mill neat by. These are all the mills up to date. The fire of 1870 consumed these old union schools. Old Mr. Potter made some fine scholars in one of these at Star's Creek. A fine stone house at James Watts succeeds another of these union log houses. Col. Burke of Richmond was the first M. P. and also Crown's land agent and afterwards Registrar for the county when it was defined. Through him most people got their grants from the government. The Bouchers lived in both sides of the township. John Wall, another old soldier, settled to- ward the west side of March. His son Tom Wall occupied the place lA-c r. ■*»r\«"rr*» XTAr •n'-t ^^• i-Ua TTr^^l.oU .,,.,ti.r.^ u;. Irish anothw of the army and taught school with a well preserved irisn ac- cent jiis place was near the line of Torbolton and was termed Purga- -T!Km ■^ ^5 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. torv. it M'as so difficult to get through a swamp ^^ ^"'J jj^^^f ^^^j^J^ Icn'eth without diich or bridge except a tree over a creek A Bible agcS s^id he had only got h^f way through Purgatory when he^^^^^^^^ nU arre (Fdfre ) Caot. Brad ey came from Richmond to the place now ciue'd Ma'J'fcorncrs" He t/ded with Mr William Erskin^gm^^^^^^^^ 200 acres in March and ^o fonop in Huntley that had a miU site on it which he "ave to his son who built a mill there, so Mr Erskine, a very up ighmfn became neighbor to the Capt. Mr^ Erskine was once summoned to court at Perth as a juror but it ^^^^fJ^.^'^J^ f^°f g^ trip as he had got his shoes worn out and was ^eanng ^he bare feet^^ ^^ consulted the Capt. "Are you not "^^fe a constable said ^^e Capt "Yes but I am not sworn into the office yet J^eppt. bemg a J. r., put inc oath then pulling off his boots, (perhaps his only pair) said : Here, put °hese or an^d be 'off to reach in time; you will ^e under pay and be aH^ to come home in a new pair and bring mine with you J^^^ ^^^^'^^^ the Cant 's disposition. He was generous, good-hearted and Douna to be obH^ ng The clergy had not 'yet come to the- young settlements^ and the IP performed the marriage ceremony when required ihe Capt had a-g'Lt birch tree left growing on the roadside on whjch he nailed the notice of marriage antedated some weeks but tacked on^at^ on Saturday night and he would marry them next day ana sena tnem away double on their life's journey. Mr Draper had been some time in Nepean but canie and settiea . March Hi^trade was shoemaking, but he raised seeds /nd supplied ^s neighbors around. He had a great family of sons fnf daughters and went with them up the Gatineau and prospereo well in that region. TntLny Sumr^trW le living close by him hao purchased a wooden dockwnen they vvere first offered for sale with which he was very much ^Ssed He told them "when it comes to one she .ft^f ^ J";, f^f^ running over the whole figures wound "t^^ysaymg she neve .^^^^^^^ half a blow mo. or le^^ than the exact t.ng^ ^^He was ^bu.lding^a 'clTc clL^i to ^ok^at'^^rS bdng ?ull of humor observing, hat it was omewhat uneven said to his. son ''H--^,!"" "Pj°f.f,^Pi?::,t'iad^ r^i.imK if " "Plumb it plumb t, p umb the debble, sir, saia lony n«iu i ttt. you wer^ going to plumb it, sure I could have built it as fair as a ° Her^e MrPinhr^- wasLnvulsed with laughter and the last part of ^'^ '^^:^:^^:^^^ lumberers; Rays, Scarfs. Savages. Dav s Gai s oSs Burkes. Kelleys, McMurtrays;some of whose sons are Mechanics mSants. doctors, successful in various occupations, but a Sr e p oporTion are St 11 farmers. Most of all these came in between A'lL^id iS^^6 Forest Cauldwel sold to Thomas Morgan close V h>m ^^dVu chatd from Lieut Campbell, 3rd line ""f ^^'J^Vs^'BaT^tht going up to Litchfield and giving the name to Campbell s Bay tha Srettv sheet of water lying between the island and the north shore o ?re Ottawa His large famUy of sons and daughters are residing there still ^';^u! k1 -.Pp. ' 'L. R R^ John lones. eldest of the family, a very ac- Sve'woSnn^ the ■ Uimb^. was returning. trom Quebec and Uve boat uSng fire near Three Rivers, threw out h'st-nk and id after ^^^^ »nd uiough a fine swimmer, was drowned, r.e family went west, inc HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. ay Presbyterians in March have no church but go to the Carp, Stittsville arui Bell's Comers. The Episcopalians have a stone church and parson- age east of the Corners which is a stirring embryo village. The lands are well cultivated. Mr. Pinhcy was school inspector for some years, when these institu- tions were established on a very limited base, and very far apart in the Bathurst district. He made the tour on horseback, the roads admitting of no other mode of travel except on foot, which was much more com- mon. He would dismount at the schqolhouse, and with the bridle rein on his arm, place a hand on each side of the doorframe, the horse looking in as if to examine the furnishings, to the great enjoyment of the young folks, who seldom saw a horse in that early time. The gentleman would ask a little boy how to spell a word of one syllable to which the little man would address himself with energy, but his eyes fixed on the horse. After a short standing examination he would dismiss them with a benii;n- ant smile and very gracious words of which he had an abundant treasury at easy, ready command. He was a free, voluminous correspondent of the papers when printing was introduced. Afterwards when we occu- pied the wool sack of the editorial office we had many interesting com- munications from his nimble pen in the Ay Inter Times. Teachers' quali- fications were not high in that period of our history. Mr Pinhey re- ported cases as samples to the early press like the following : A short engaging conversation was held, then the aspirant was asked to spell cabbage. He began, chabb — that will do, sir. I am very much in want of a gardener. Could you not stay and help me instead of going into that dreary work of teaching ?" Oh, sir, I can get £2^ a year and go around with the scholars." That was like the times. Teachers preferred that to farm work, the wages being about the same. They sent me to several schools but the honest teacher wrote my father a note stating that the boy would lose his time with him. So the boy had to dig away at home among the roots, square and cube, and from early dawn to breakfast commit to memory Murray's large gramrner. Mr. Pinhey on the hustings when opposing Capt. Lyon represented himself as the Lamb, and his townsmen sometimes called him that and Paddy Whelan called him the Hon. Lamb. His hardest hit against Capt. Baker, who half unwillingly opposed him, was that he, the Capt., would make a good weathercock but he changed too fast for the wind. Elections then lasted a week, there being but one polling place in the county. Of>cn house was kept for the entertainment of the free and independent electors, and they were not dry places, not from any de- fect in shingles or scoops but irrespective of the natural rainfalls, the clear running south branch of the Carp, and the sparkling water of W. Kemp's deep well. The fluids were conveyed in puncheons and huge barrels. Some of the thirsty ones termed it divine juice. One poor man had promised against tasting it for some months. His ingenious neighbor found a way to avoid the breach of promise. The man had pot a small loaf for one or two with him to dine on. so this friend made him break off what he required and poured into it from the bottle. "Now eat that," said he. They understood it as only eating, not drink- ing by any means. The bread, beef and cheese, with various kinds of HI fr A ' fiJ' I • ■! ■■'HI" *i!' I'^ il : 2& HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. drinks, for a week's entertainment of so many voters and camp followers, must have been of some moment in a finnncial point of view. After gaining one of these elections, Mr. Pinhey indulged in some poetical descriptions of the rare occurrences at the place of polling. We give from memory a couple of lines as a sample of the fun in such cases: "Thorn Acres, as cunn'n.j a^ any pet fox, The bread and the cheese he locked up in a box. ' In after times when he was warden of the county he would sit and enjoy the debates, sometimes throwing in a word gleefully to supplement or balance the opposing parties, or restore good humor if irritation had ap- peared. We recollect at the first formation of the council of the county of Carleton, they had agreed to have a district surveyor Then the question of his salary was discussed. Some would borrow the $700 and pay in advance, others thought it should be earned first. The friends of the surveyor then frll on six months pay in advance. The mover dwelt on the fact that the surveyor could not live six months on the air. The seconder also in an eloquent speech said he could not live six months on nothing. The warden said he never knew a man that had or could live six months on the wind and thought they would all agree that no man could live six months on nothing. But he had known many a man that had lived well six or more months on credit. The motion was dropped. The history of Mr. Pinhey's life would be the history of his township, and county, and the whole valley, as he was a very great actor in all the movements of note during his busy life. Col. afterwards General Lloyd, Col. Edwards, Capt. Logan and others lived in quiet retirement on their farms and half pay otium cum dignitate, taking little to do with municipal or school affairs or anything but to fini.sh a green old age in the peace and comforts of rural and religious seclusion from all the rush and con- flict in the busy world. The north of March like the south of Huntley and much land on both banks of the St. Lawrence has a very thin soil the rock foundation, adorned with wild roses, orange lilies, blue- on berries and shrubs in multitude, all so beautiful in their season. North Huntley and South March form the Carp valley of rich lands well culti- vated as any part of the Dominion. The Ottawa & Parry Sound R. R, runs through this valley. „ , . , «• 1 1. About 1818 or iSiQthefirstsettlersof the Huntley side of the valley were John Scott, William Erskine and William Montgomery. The last! cut the first tree. Their lands were soon the property of Lieut, bans Bradley who built the little mill so long used there. John Cavanaugh came in 18 19, William Mooney in that or the following year. The first located on the 3rd line, the second on the 4th line. The Stars Jarnes| and George, came from Hull about the same year and Moses VVnson from Cavan, Ireland. George and Thomas Graham from North of Ire- land held lots 5 and 6, ist concession Huntley. Evans, an Engh.r'.man, drew lot 9, which he sold to Arthur McEldowney. Thomas Rol>crts, a Welshman, had lot 10, which he sold to John Gourlay. James Morin jamcs hoiinc:j, o;uiu:ci ny.^^, ln^ .n-.-.--. ^oi.^.-----.^-^- ---— -- — -- - .- Goarlay. Richard Rivington sold to Pearson. David Moffet.Jas. Hays and! Michael Rivington filled up to the rock spur where the lan.l is wortii!cs3 Sergent Cowie settled west of the Carp village and sold to Robert vvil HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VA' LEVo 29 np followers, V. jed in some jolling. We n such cases : sit and enjoy pplement or! ition had ap- af the county Then the I the $700 and rhc friends of mover dwelt I the air. The ix months on or could live that no man \y a man that was dropped, lis township, ictor in all the| reneral Lloyd, ment on theirl nth municipal! in the peace ush and con- :h of Huntlcyl very thin soilj ;e lilies, blue- :ason. Northl nds well ciilti- ' Sound R. Rl e of the valley! :ry. The last! )f Lieut. Sansj n Cavanaugtij sar. The firstl Stars, Jainesl VIoses VVilsonf North of Ire! 1 Englishman,! nas Rol>crts, al James Morin,r Aliern to Inlinl Jas. Hays and! il is wortiii' s3.j i Robert vViH son, whose numerous sons arc well established farmers around. One of them, Thomas, took to the tanning business, was very prosperous and is rich beyond most of his neighbors. His wife was a Miss Alexander. His family are all daughters ^iiat survived. Alexander Workman set- tled pro. tem. in WcsfHuntley south of the Carp in 1820. A man the name of Cobourn wrought for him and his wife kept the house. One day she was taken ill. Mr. Workman came for Dr. Christie who was on a sick call in another quarter and Mr. Cobourn for woman help but be- fore any returned the boy was born and all well. Mr. Workman spoke of it as the hardest run of his life. The Hodgins, Dornins, Argues, Alex- anders, Lowrys, Johnstons, Larretts, McEwans, McKords, Hamiltons, Williams, Wiltons, Hustons, Kennedy's, Daleys, Irvins, Hogans, Gra- hams, all came in between 1818 and 1824. Thomas Murdy and John Mannion came in 1825 and settled well up toward the south of the township on the 9th line. Hon Peter Robinson took interest in forming a settlement and procured a lot for a church which the Catholics built after the canal work was finished. The next was an Episcopal church built by Mr. Alex Christie, stones furnished by W. B. Bradley from the quarry of R. Taylor. The Episcopal Methodist church at Booth's was the next built and the Presbyterian west of the Episcopal, and was consumed in the firo of 1870. Its successor is at the Carp village. Its succession of jireachcrs was Bennet, Penman and McLaren. The village has three churches and a good school. It is a fine centre; stores, railroad station, mechanic's shops, post office, agricultural fair grounds and buildings in good con- dition. A. Workman was the first teacher in Huntley. The first school- house was at Modney's where James Lowry, a gentleman and scholar, as well as a superior teacher, long held sway. He married Miss Sally Ronan of Goulbourn, the belle of that age and the finest horsewoman then in the county. Recently in our rambles for information we had the pleasure of dining with her family. The conversation turned on Motley's "Rise of the Dutch Republic." It was an hour of entertainment. The acquaintance shown with that history, and especially by the el'icst daughter, was highly creditable and particularly pleasing. History read to purpose must enrich the conversation. Should knowledge not be in- haled with every breath and ditTPused by every utterance? The second schoolhouse was on lot No. 6, 3rd line, taught by Mr. Johnston with force of character. We visited it for two davs when a very small boy. It is replaced by a stone building at Mulligan's. Mr. Reid had a post office in March and Mr. Hopper one in Huntley in connection with his .store and jewellery business. This was removed farther east and kept by Mr. John Graham for many years, then it was located about midway between these two places where it now is. A post office was established at the Carp village and another at the Fitzroy line and one in South March. Mails were only weekly for many years. Then they got to be carried tri-weekly, now they arc daily delivered. March and Hunt- ley were associated for legal and ecclesiastical purposes for a long time. Rev. James_ Padfield, a very excellent man, was Church of England uunister at first. He was ^cceeded by Rev. John Johnston, afterwards Canon Johnston of Hull, very favorably known. Mr. Harper, Mr. Kerr, Mr. Rolph and Mr. Butler followed in March, and Mr. Godfry, Mr. Mc- 1 :4 fflT 30 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. Morin, Dr. Codd in Huntley. Father Peter Smith of Richmond supplied I back Huntley. East side of Huntley has much useless land, hard and| thin covered with birch pi les and swamps with no outlet. But its north- east corner can be matched with difficulty as to the excellent quality of| the soil for thousands of acres. • The Grahams, Wilsons, Blacks, Burrows, Roes, Boyds, Hartins, Daileys, Evoys have land in plenty of the best quality and in the hiehestl state of cultivation. North of the town line opposite these the Richard-) sons, Robertsons, McCurdies, James and others exhibit fine buildings,[ well cultivated fields, large herds of improved stock of much value. We] have recommended tree'planting for the lighter soils. In former days! when the country was covered with forests, the wild pigeon came thick! as clouds in the spring and summer, rendering the air vocal with the ac-j tion of their wings. They were shot in great numbers. We havej heard of fifty-two falling by one musket shot. We have not seen nor) heard of a single one appearing in these parts for several years. Wild! ducks and geese still come but in greatly diminished numbers. Par-[ tridgcs arc thinned out very much and rabbits are very rare. Deer and! fur-bearing animals that were plenty are nearly all gone. Wolves werel very numerous Sheep, deer, calves and some heifers became their vic-j tims. Bears took pigs and calves. But we have not heard of wolves! devouring human beings. It is told of an Indian belated who climbedj into a beech tree to escape a pack and made it his shooting gallery for) the night. As a wolf fell to his careful aim the others feasted on it whilst! the Indian fired away. When daylight came the remnant disappeared! and he thought he was safe to get home but his former visitors oral fresh lot were soon on his track in hot pursuit. Hfe ran like an Indian! butth-iy gained on him and he had to stand at bay and defend himself) as best he could occasionally with his back to the tree, splitting a skulil with his sharp tomahawk. His squaw came to his aid in time. Thcyi cut, clubbed and made their escape reckoning twenty dead wolves the trophies of their bravery. Savages are said to be truthful, being so free from the vices of po-i lite life. Would they not stretch a little for self-glorification ? We give! the substance of wliat wc have heard without denial, coloring or confirl mation. We had the honor, so called, of killing a wolf by laying poisonj on a sheep he killed, which he took and died. We had the great pleas- ure of saving a boy whose load of ashes had been upset on him on i hillside. His horses were held and his face was in the snow so that hel did not suffocate by the dry ashes. My young brothers came up as thej ashes were dashed off him We thought him dead and carried him td the sleigh and held his head in my lap whilst one drove and another putt L'now in his mouth. His breathing became perceptible as we drove thq^ team at a gallop. We were soon at his home and had the satisfactioBI of .seeing him restored. We vvtre barely in time to .save life. John Graham of the Bay got the north half of Sans Bradley's lands,! fames his son, died there and his family now live in the city. In 183J J'lhn Gourlay came from iJrumquin, Tyrone, Ireland, and settled ink .'■I irch. His youngest son I- J . . 1 1 1.: 1 ^. ,..-,.. 4-Urt ^IJ 1% 1 1. >'Co in rr nil III] ley where he built the Hncst farm house and planted the largest and most thriving orchard in all the Ottawa country. The other brothe HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 31 W ilham occupies the old Roberts firm to which he has added sorrn^ more at a high price and has the whole in a fine state of cultivation. On this farm he has bred Durham cattle pure and unmixed, for about forty years. John Pearson, whose sons are dentists and lawyers and farmers popular and successful men, holds these many years, the Richard Re- mington farm. u ...T'^^ People of South March in those early times had no church building but were obliged to walk to the 3rd line of HtmMey to worship and hear an occasional discourse from a Wesleyan preacher who em- braced It m the long rounds of a great circuit. When old enough to w ilk o these meetings we remember hearing some old men remark specially ^f a young McDowell, that he was "no cripple." My father, a good old i^resbyterian of the straightest sect, kept open house and entertained these laborers in the Gospel field, the Nankievilles, Loverns and others, in alter years a Presbytery meeting was held in his house to examine Mr. James Smith for license. Quarterly meetings were sometimes hold in a schoolhouse in a grove on one of his farms. He sometimes ones tioned us after the collection was announced and before we could reach home what each gave, which summed up, was over half the amount. He was dissatisfied with these collections wondering how the preachers keptsoul and body together on such allowances. He had Inrkin'^ sus- picions from ample reasonings with the Methodists that they laid a ittle stress on their good works which he maintained did not al^ound m hDeral contributions. The Dominion Government legislate for eight hours as a workin?day but set an example themselves of working a hunflr>xl and twenty-nine hours at a stretch on the Separate School Coercion Bill. But these people did not overstretch their pretentions in piety by puttin-r in the collection hat taken round in the schoolhouse or in the grove My parents were very anxious to stir up and collect into a con^rrc- gation the scattered Presbyterians in March and Huntley. The unncr- takingwas neither an easy task nor very successful. Mr. Hugh Falls a surveyor, a man of education, a Presbyterian from near Londonderry Ireland, assisted much in the Scripture readings and sermon reading, in' the meetings held for prayer and religious exercises from house to house over the settlement. They made appointments and kept up the.se for years. Meantime a process of training was going on in the lamily. Readings were to be done by the boys, the eldest superintend- ing the exercises, so that nothing was omitted or neglected. Examina- tions were held on the lessons and in this man 'cr the leading truths of religion were impressed on the minds of the growing up boys. The truths concerning the Supreme Being; His unity. Trinity, spirituality, wisdom, love, power, holiness, justice, goodness and truth'. His eternity omnipresence, government (or Providence) over all His creatures, their movements and thoughts, influenced, controlled, guided or prevented in His ruling the works of His creation. One primary lesson engraved on the minds of the youths was reverence for the Holy Name "of the Deity. Another was the strictest truthfullncss. Boys in youth are not perfect. Faults will be found and must be corrected. But the truth ... ...,,, mtn-^uL any iiiuiiii^ ur cvcn coloring ot tne ciicuiiislHticcs, or punishment proportionately severe would follow, to avoid which as- sisted materially till the principle of truth tellin> " ' .....'. ig formed a habit in the | WHW,JiV.i,,t-^V ti' r^: ;1 ^ '' 5 , 1- h 1 ; i S^ 'p HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. mind, Honest>i:iii« their little trading with one another was strongly en- fyyn^ aad tl^rir'bais^ns must stand unless the other party willingly consented togrve"Vi> his claim. Our good mother's influence was en- tirely against thcuse of^lcohol and though it was kept as an entertain- ment for caMcrs itnvas soon omitted from the family groceries. Not ?. pipe was kept inPAe house. Our mother would not suffer one of us to mimic any oddity*in any human being. Had the mother of "Ian Mc- Laren" (Rev. Watson) observed this princijjle, that reli^nous buffoon would have furnished fewer subjects for laughter and ridicule to his readers and treated with less profanity sacred thctnes, as well as the feelings of the less-educated whose sincere hearts may be as priceless in the sight of God as his own heart, that can treat them with irreligious frivolity. But like Josh Billings by his bad spelling he has furnished re- ligious fun and made a fortune and a great name. When the clergy like McDonald and Watson become novel writers, religion must be in want of a revival. The Bathurst Presbytery sent a minister to visit and preach on week days in school or private houses, and though they were flying and as they say, angelic, yet theywere very highly esteemed and well at- tended. Mr. Bell, the oldest minister of Perth, Mr. Fairbaini of Ram- say, Mr. Wilson, Mt. Mann afterwards Dr. Mann of Pakenham.wcre the principle visitors of Huntley. Cousin Thomas Alexander was the only male member of these meetings that could "lead the singing." In his absence my mother Mrs. William Alexander came to the place soon after these meeting' began and she was a great assistance having a fine voice. The twenty four tune book was very interesting to us boys at that lime with its ilium inations and birds painted in water colors. At this date everything was crude. The tools furnished by the Government were unwieldy com- pared with those of the present day. Wheat, corn, oats and potatoes were the staple crops raised and almost the whole planting was dono with the hoe. Mr. Thomas Morgan and his wife Mary used to ttll how on the 4th and 5th of June thej hoed in a bushel of wheat and threshed 42 bushels off it. This was enough for a year's provisions and seed tlu following spring. This was grown on Lot 5, ist concession March. Mrs. Morgan was greatly delighted tc receive visits from the children around, She made very popular readhig-s, recitation of poetry, setting the ck ample herself. She had early memorize large portions of Pope's "Homer" and Dryden's "Virgil. She recited these in fragments and scraps to draw out the young pt Oi le so that everyone had to say his piece in prose or verse, tell some story historical, oratorical, whatever he was master of, to even pass muster on such an evening. Being from the south of Ireland, she was nut acquainted with Burns, but we from the north supplied that lack which afforded her very unbounded pleasure as she loved the ludicrous. A very imperfect idea can now be formed of the country in its phy- sical appearance dotted with specks of clearings, paths blazed from one to another, a single tree for a bridge or two poles together across the little stream m the vast forests and swamps all but impassible. The toil of making a livmg was immense. There was anxiety lost frost should destroy the wheat and potatoes Kke there is now in Manitoba and the Northwest. Anxiety was felt lest the crop should not be adequate to II 1^^ out ne; HISTORY or THE OTTAWA VALLEY. feed the parties depending on it for the year and when there was a faiW lire pnces ran very high. Once or twice in the weniory of some yet living flour was $i6 and even $20 per barrel. Perk varied greatly in price, sometimes bringing $40 a barrel. Other atticles of provi«oo br ught much like present prices. Good lactory cotton cost >5 ce»ts a )';ird and woollen j^oods were high whilst butter for )omg years was sold at sixpence a poui.d. Beef quartcn »old at three to fam dollars a cwt, but stall-fed sometimes brought she to seven dollats Mre weight. The settlements were chiefty fonned of pcopie frttm the Britiih Isles, but they were greatly benefitted by the ex-»erienceof the Yanke«e as the U. E. L. were called, who brought with them the knowledge ac- quired in the Statos, a country once a forest like that to which they cime, but a century older. These peopie conwnanded respect for their shrewdness and competency in almost every department of lumbering, stockraising and agriculture. Pines, oaks, elms and ash grew on erery rnck, hillside or valley, and lumbering was the natural callmg of ahnost every man. The river banks were firit stripped as the pieces could be laid on the ice or bank by oxen. These could live in the bush in strni- nier, and on beaver hay, brush and sheaf oats in winter, and after dnw- lufj timber in the snow would be ready for the work of the small cioM*- iiig in spring. Everything required fo'r their work could be nnade of wood except the chain, staple and ring. Even the pk>w only required an iron point, and the cattle could go so close as to pass one on each side of the stump turning the Innd to the roots. The harrow, as late as our time, was often a tree fork, and sometimes oak or elm pins supplied the place of iron oc steel. An oak block was sawed off, split and formed into a mould board with its natural twist suiting exactly. Among the stumps and on stony land the oxen were preferred. They were famous for logging. Canadian ponies came afterwards to be used but they re- t|uired a man exclusively to handle the chain, and keep the traces in order in their turnings. At that time a good acre of new land would yield 40 bushels of wheat, 60 bushels of corn or oats, 400 bushels erf" potatoes. The new burned land with its surface well broken with the drag would bear, so\>-n broadcast, 1,000 bushels of turnips. Immense croos of timothy a.id clover hay w«re raised on that virgin soil. About the' summer of 1^35 nc received a visit from the Rev. James B. Cairns, M. D. He was a innn of piety and marked devotion to the Presbyterian cau.sc and was nvcivod by my father and mother with pleasure, nay delight and joy. .\ Nl<'. Glen had been at the embryo village of Richmond some years '• jtore this, but remained only a short while, but we never saw hiir' d«r ii^Miis stay, except a few visits he made to Torbolton halting at Mr Henry McBride's where he would gather a half dozen and speak to them. He never came into the rcL'ion where we lived, he was before our time. Dr. Cairrjs preached and made some visits with my father, and arranj^ecl ; 1 preach again when they had had time to see what could be sub- 'bribed in order to have him stay, but the amount was small as tii-:^ Dcople were few, scattered and not rich. He made a short stay in Tor. bolton where were a few Scotch families, out his missionary turn of mind 'c:! hitn to travel over most of the new seltlcuients of the couiitr)-, find-' lu^r out nearly all the families of the Presbyterian namcan^l lineage. On ,r,; ■•«" 34 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. his return to Scothnd and Irclan 1, he could tcU to the delight of the astonished listeners, of almosf. all their distant relatives, and where th^^ lived, and how they fared in this new world. H^ gave a great .mpulse to emigration, but he was not in the pay of the Government. Dr. Cairns was a great advocate of temperance and magnified nis office on every possible occasion. He returned agam to Canada and roamed round giving the accounts of his travels and visits, and Causing considerable enjoyment to many by the freshest news from the old country relatives. An old lady in Torbolton was reported to hire M being fond of ale. On his visit he inquired if she still contim ed to use it; learning that she did, he made an early call, knocking before she was up At this early unexpected knock she sprang up and tn loose attire opened the door a few inches, and as it were with a single eye surveyed the Dr. who at once sa^d, "You are Mrs. --—and I »»«" X^" ^J^^fP stick to your ale." "Aye. ye'l be that daft body they ca Dr. Ca«rns ? "Yes my name is Cairns." "Aye, aye, well awa wi yc then and closing the door she left the doctor to ruminate on his signal defeat and disappointment. A short time after I entered college at Toronto the Dr. came to the city and found I was there and hastening to see me a.sked if I was from March, reminding me of his visits and explorations. It was a vervkind and friendly call and much and mutually enjoyed. Reuben 'Sherwood had the contract of the survey of Torbolton but the work was done by John McNaughton the great friend of Hugh Falls. In our early recollections these were our only surveyors tor many years in these parts, both good and true men. The concessions and side lines in these townships were 66 ft wide. The plan was to plant a post in the centre of the road and one on each side 33 feet - from it. 1 hese were the corner posts. Then 120 rods from these three more posts were driven into the ground dividing the first double lot of 200 acres from the next, and so it proceeded throughout. Any one could run a line dividincr one double lot from another by setting up two pickets carefully at 'these posts, your pickets in a straight line from these mus reach the other posts, if the posts are correctly put in the e^'th l" halving a double lot you must chain across from post to post ar«d P ant your picket in the center. The form of Torbolton is ^"^f ^ ^^^^f"'^^ •lying west of March on the south shore or right bank of the Uttawa Hver. It contains nearly 26,000 acres, a couple of thousand less than March, a gore like it. The side along the river >s very "tegular from the indentation of so many little bays. A French Canadian got a shanty on a point near the mouth of the Constance Creek, where he hunted and fished, and sang, and sold whiskey to the raftsmen '". summer and the teamsters in winter; but he could not be said to be a P'^^^^f . '"^.^j'j**"* or settler. He sailed up his canoe and stopped there, cultivating no land, following no trade, but with fish spear and hook and traps for the fur-bearers and grog he kept up there a while, and then disappeared leaving his ghost of a habitation sitting on the sand dry and deserted a desolated skeleton. Such shadows of humanity count for nothing m the ^^^°u °r..^J7r.^tTu^7h^t the. first settler was a Mr. McLaren, brother of | Mr. David Mcllren who came here afterwards Irom K-ichmono. inb , Mr. McUrenhad gone in his canoe to the post office to mail a letter to HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY 35 vs mother in Scotland, and coming home with some provisions upi-et M canoe or fell out in some way and was drowned. A son of David McLaren s was also drowned in connection with lumbering. Both bod- es were found and buried. The writer in the Atla« speaks of the Brit- sli government granting 400 acres to a Rev. Mr. C an inTorbolton, but ^ nj's land grants had ceased before any settlers car e to the place. Also 1 e says Mr. Buckham met Mr. Glen in Richmond ls they were about I Iieir claims. Mr. Buckham invited or took him to Torbolton, but as he ivcd only two years after, we have not heard that he located in Torbol- on or secured the title to his lands. We have seen Mr. Buckham and were well acquamted with his son, the late John Buckham, a man of -nod repute, well known as a public man, and very much respected, i aptam Baird came mto the township two or three days before Mr J Hnckham. The first came on Saturday and the other the Monday lollowmg in the beginning of May 1824. These have claimed to be thfc first settlers who took their lands. Mr. Buckham bought 200 acres for $40 or £10 (H.C.) This was the first purchase. The Captain and two naval officers, the brothers Grierson, had the right to draw their lands for service in the navy. David McLaren came from Richmond to Tor- bolton, we suppose to his brother's place or near it He had been a merchant in the hardware in Glasgow, a man of refinement and some education. He managed his farm and taught school. Then, he was a ^^l^^. ^^ thought and became very useful to his township in municipal affairs. He loved truth and uprightness. He was an eminent christian uhose good opinion we esteemed more highly than that of most men and he had the honesty to express it without hesitation when necessity called for it. He had read the Scriptures to purpose. His views were clear on salvation by grace, and the impossibility of salvation by the works of fallen man, the redemption of the soul by the sacrifice of the baviour and the renovation of the heart by the power of the Holy Spirit .mploying the Word of Truth as thr instrumental cause, and the con- iinual perseverance of the renewed man in the ways of righteousness, in the language of Sacred Scripture : "Grace reigning" royally, sovereignly "through righteousness to eternal life by Jesus Christ our Lord." We conversed with him frequently, enjoyed his friendship which we valued and were persuaded that he was a man of the soundest mind in the whole community. It is a favor to be in a position to bear our testi- mony to his eminent parts, polished manners and his many good quali- ties. He did not die so wealthy as some of his sons after him, but none were more respected than he. John McLaren, his eldest son, brought home gold, after a short but successful career in Australia. After his return he married a wife of preat merit, a daughter of Captain Baird. He was very enterprising. le told us in some friendly visits, of his exploration in the forest between Kingston and Pembroke, climbing trees, on some of the highest hilltops to get a view of the surroundings. He was hoping to find a mill site but nothing eligible appeared. He would have made the way out to market if a suitable site had existed with lumber to cut. His eariy de- !msc was a great loss to his family and country. We shall have n.cr:%. sum to speak of James in another connection. ' David is a merchant at litzroy Harbor doing very well for the place and the surroundings. f • J" TISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY WiUian, wa, o,. -hoc, and co,,.g. ;.';^;,„^-|;-;ira*!ic'''fhro.o^! anH soutid divine, now Dr. ^^'ii^'^^"^^."''^'''"' " ^f Dr John I^ing, a in Knox College. Toronto. H.s wife ^J^;'^^^, ^^^ J^'^.^j, ^ prcaAer .ov.nd and able minister of the Gospel. {Jf ^^ ^ ^^^'"^ J^ghter-i^nlaw of in Eastern Ontano. One daughter is Mis. ^»'|^^"' ^^ Alexander Sir Oliver Mowat. Premier.long ^o"^':^^ '" ^" """„ „,n-al generous- McUrcn is another son res.d.ng now V^^^^Mcl^Ven^s^t times orig- hcarted, an<t also a sound d.vme. l'^«fX^J^"b^ h"ni shad^ in his inal in the treatment o h.s subjects, b" t^^^^ '« "^>^^ i.feas. but sound in judgment, an .^^;;'-;:^^,",fJ[^^X^' Neatest measure o'f i;l"^ror.L"toVd'>Lr.a^aroth^er:"enl5nrt:e'L.efonheo.. -''"f,Tl!:r™lrfT°fS-was.ow^Wa.onS,ac.^^^^^^ Mr. John Smith, educated for the law settled •"^^'^/°^"; dauchter chenes now ^^ntann.a: then return and cary the Hour n .^ ^^ .oods. Or they could [^^^.^'^^f^'^^XT^^^^ Richmond, and after. . -^^J^^^^^^f^'^^^^^ her husband was Une at Carp. Th^'rr .i .laciiuon oi i'w .porch of a lost cow, but from home, taking her two children ^° 8° '"•^^^^''i.eek o" an old log losing her way "V^'ir^iore he^Th'y go o^c^hHst th^ rotten barl^ and puttmg the children bo^ore^^r tney gow ^^^^ ^^ gave way under her feet and she ^I'd m o th^ cje^^strik, g ^^ greatly relieved. Andrew and Wilham "^^^y ^^ j^^^ ^iss Buck- Lly ones and located -Jhe sand M^.^^ Wdham^marne ^^^^^^ ^^^^ .^dS>r. ;;;ve;oT^:Lf^;war5s:and M. P. for Russell. HISTORY or THE OTTAWA VaLLEV* ^ Gibsons, Richards, Munroes, Aldridges, Penneys, Youngs, Floods, Shouldiccs, Taylors, Ross, Dolans, McDoncll's, Capells, Kccgans, aU settled In between 1824 and 1840. Some attempt to account (or the tardy settlement of the township, because some lands were drawn by officers and held at a high price, but the people were not forthcoming, or able to buy lands at almost any price. After the flying visits of Mr. Glen and Dr. Cairns they were some years without any. Then Mr. Henderson, a U. P. from Scotland was the first settled among them, who with Rev. William Atkins of Sn<ith's Falls, formed a U. P. Presby- tery. This would be about 1847 "r J''48. We had then three Prcsby- teries on the same ground. The (U. P.) United Presbyterian, the Free Church, Perth; and the "Kirk" Bathurst. The three met in By town al- most unconscious of one another's existence at the time and place. Rev. Mr. Henderson seems to have had an eye single to the interests of the church but he did not remain long There was a lengthy interregnum after his departure, during which time Fitzroy and Torbolton were struck with a revival. Mr. James Gabie, a young convert, and Rev. Mr. Vanderburgh, a middle-aged preacher, began the work in that quar- ter with great enthusiasm. John Baird said you could hear them pray an English mile away. The excitement grtw and intensified creating a great noise at the time. Religion is the one thing needful, and the one thing fallen men dislike, nearly as much as they love its sntagrnist sin. When a stir is got up, man> arc willing to hope for the best from such Herculean efforts as are sometimes put forth for it. Sone fane if d the mselvci possessed with dtn)ons, or at least attacked by them. Mr. Walts, an old elder, told me cf some cases, but we said, you do not be- lieve m such possession now ? 'Oh, yes I do, but it was a lazy c^evil." The pious Presbytery of Ottawa were greatly stirred Ly the news and sent Rev. John McEwan to assist, investigate and report. He re- turned and made a fine report which was well received and engrossed in the Presbytery Records. But he could only judge from appearances which were often deceitful and disappear leaving not a vestige behind them. The excitement died our, the fiery billows cooled down and the waters .sought and soon found their dead level again. Ihe last slate of some was no better than the first. The preachers having left, Mr. Gabic went up the Gatineau, lost his ballast and was found dead, by a pistol shot whether by accident or not we can not tell. Vanderburgh left for the States with a pretty girl, his wife being old and less attractive than the other. We have hoard that she is yet alive, but of him or the young lady we know nothing. The United Presbyterian Church and the Free Church in Canada became one in the city of Montreal. The excitement III Fjtzroy and Torholton was about forgotten, when Rev. James Taite became pastor in Mr. Henderson's old field. Mr. Tait was a student of Knox College, Toronto, a talented theologian, a keen mvitaphyslcian and a sharp businessman. His wife was from Motitreal and took a long time to acclimatise at the Chats, at least we though: so from a visit made to our college mate after his marriage. He took well for some time bui he was rich, independent, and could reilre without burrirninrrth.f ch'-r-h He was not h higher critic, but an acute one. Wc offer a sampleV ""The Presbytery of Penh opened with a scrrnon generally by the retiring moderator, or someone Appoiincd to take his place. They were often good t^ JIISTORV Ol^ THE OTTAWA VALLE\ \ j 1 \ 'i, 1 'i'i- 1 i i i discourses. The Presbytery of Ottawa ^l^Pf "^^.^'if^f ^ ^e' tT.Tthcy much else then observed and deemed right. (It is >t,anf?e .t'^^;;"'^^> hLve not nominated Ian McLaren to ne of the vacant chairs in Knox ) At th^s meetTn^Mr. Tait came in late, the sermon had made progress, he dr?pSld in^^^ we happened to occupy gave attention fo a whil fhen sa" J^in a whisper : "He has developed his voice very wdL We nod 'ed assent. "He has developed his stomach the g^"^l fnan was becoming rather corpulent. After another engthy pause 1 he has developed his understanding as he has his voice a«d stomach, he is arable man " aU of course in low whispers. The last time we saw hi.n he did not seem to observe us. He was armed for cluck or deer si o<> - Tng evidently bent on a raid upon the infermr portion o creat o sTnce'hls tfrnr-Torbolton Presbyterians have not been -ry wel Is.,.^^^^ with preachers, being vacant for long periods. Some ot the > ^j "^^ ""- of Torbolton iAform us that there is a degeneracy from tae high quaL- ^•"°I^:v:ttyTtrne. muscle and brain enough for development P What they require is steady training, wbi. h is so largely m t^cu own hands that if attended to there can be nothing to fear ^^e heard a lady of great intelligence say that in the many ^^"^idatcs they hcaid dur^P a vacancy in her congregation, she thought ,t impossible tha. the e were so many commonplace preachers in the ^^^^l^^f^^ We ar^ sorry if such is the case. It i. a well known ^^^t tl f ^^ the I r.^^^ byterian church is very careful in the -»"<^.jfV% ° R.t tle^caif SnTv SOTS in colleges generally do their duty faithfully. But they can oni> Sivateorfathi aid the youths in the cultivation of the powers they SwUh them A high notion of self and a disposition to go ea..y mTv account for these ffilures to interest the people or succeed n, your SiuU Our young men might dispense with both, might work .vith head,^hands an^d heart, and avdd degeneracy and the severest cr.ucsiu.. and be eminentlv useful everywhere. Mr John Smith took us to see the o^d^'^^^V'^'h VonTlir ot'S the river were drawn the stately pines, hewn on Torbolton hills to ., . si the fleets that rule the waves, that wash the shores of the u^r d 11. nines left behind that have escaped the axe and the fires of i8,o, ai. Few n number and easily reckoned. But the lands are f^d ^vcr he most of the township. Even the lowest lands, on account of the laig- Searings and some draining, are beginning to be <^^^'^^^^^, Mr McKen7ie a voung Bible agent, coming through to March repoitcu to us thathe hkd Waded through a continent of mud battled with m fons of mosquitoes, and was only half way through l^u^gatory when u: rarnP to old a<re (Gcorge Edge), and was not in raptures with the a> peSs of the landscape But this was nearly half a century a,o 1 Ic ?m,ld not sec a finer country or a better common road than now cow nee s Crown Porn with March Corners. The term Purgatory is nova now appS to the long swamp road, showing what ditching and br ^ ?n7caS do to a road that was seldom dry Ml the summer thro>.;h. 1m '"?_.^*":„„ ^yf! i^h,. T-^nrWham was the most eastern of the settlers Hii>! except Mn D^ui^^u^ mid "beside him on the west s.de of the side Imc t^, c were none near him. Mr. Gordon, married to a daughter of M . W '. EGourUy of Fitzroy. re.sides south of these. Mrs. John Buckaam . HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY 39 still alive but not long expected to remain. She lives in the log honse once regarded as a fine one. Mrs. Young (Betsey) Buckham and Miss Jessie Buckham, her youngest daughter, wait on her at present. Mr. George Buckham has built a fine stone house beside tlie old housf*. He is a widower. His wife was Miss Young from Ramsay, sister of Rev, Stephen Young, brought up in Ramsay. West of this is the great stone quarry where I'es a field of cut stones for the would be ship canal. They are too lar-re to be of use lo tl^e farmers that build around. Every thousand v.'asted 0!\ them would, at six per cent, increase, be eight thousand to day. They lie there, not as a standing monument of the statemanship of the idol Sir John, wor- shipped by so many of our wise and sober-minded British Canadians. Is it any use to pray for the conversion of the scores of dishonest incaiv ables that infest the arena -of our politics, whilst deluded people still talio the bribes, and elect and re-elect such men ? One hundred and t\\ ciiM- nine hours of a session without adjournment to corrce Manitoba; with promises of office to their supporters, who never conld come back, tlicsc promises denied, whilst some of them are fulfilled, and the Cabinet ceasing to defend their acts, what a conditio of things, and the Gov- ernor General has not dismissed them. A Lieut. Gosernor and one or two cabinets were dismissed in Quebec because they were not of the biues, but ostensibly for some faults, but these faults multii)licd by ten thousand could not disturb a feather on the back of the swans that s.vim so gracefully on the ponds of the public squares of our great Domini'>-i. They have built a very pretty stone church in Torbolton and one at thj Chats. They used students in years gone by to teach their schools itie six months in summer and considered it more profitable than other teachers the ten months or school year, as these young men were very conscientious and generally very efficient teachers. Education has been well attended to and cared for with ample provision in houses. The society early formed was Presbyterian. Scotch m-^n were the most numerous, with some Irish, and the same holds still there, as other denominations have had little or no footing. The lands are in the pf s- session of the descend^its of the first settlers. Some have married and acquired property there like Mr. Nesbitt, Mr. Btewitt, Mr. Pearson and a few more. Mr. Mills, as some others, came from Richmond and set- tled down to be a useful man like men of the McLaren, Buckham and Smith order. The well fenced farms highly cultivated fields, beautiful and well kept gardens, stock of all kinds well selected and fed, out- houses, barns and stables, and feeding houses, well planned and substan- tially built; with tasty, comfortable, well constructed dwellings (a great improvement on bygone days), ornamental and fruit trees planted, loads well ditched and in fairly good passable order; altogether, prove to the observer a race of intelligent people, a condition of society far above mediocrity, showing evidences of thrift, vigor, industry and de- termination, other things being equal to attain in the future to a large measure of prosperity. Fitzroy was settled from the north corner as its beginning at the Chats rapids. The simultaneous settlement of so many townships and the close analogy between them makes it difficult to decide which to treat of before another, and it is anything but an easy task to follow up I. ' li ^•^ M 46 ttlStORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEV the current of events in a district for half a century. Mr. Charles Sheriff of whose family we have made some mention already, purchased land at first in the region of Port Hope from one Stevens, known as King Stevens. Governor Simcoe had sent a 'gun boat with the Stevens fam- ay and others from Fort Niagara, where they had to take refuge, and the King, as he was called, was bom under a maple tree the night they landed. Mr. Sheriff used to tell how the maple tree was reserved in the deed of sale. But Stevens had to die when his time came and the poor mortal tree succumbed to the squall at its time too. Port Hope region seems to have been settled amongst the earliest portions of Upper Canada. Fort Niagara and Fort York were Indian Forts originally and the little harbor at the outlet of Smith's Creek seems to have had some at- tractions for boatmen, and a settlement was begun on the banks of the creek, along which the Midland railway runs, and on the slopes of which Port Hope was built A thin line of the U. E, Loyalists was dotted along the north bank of the St. Lawrence and spots on the shore of Lake Ontario at first. Mr. Sheriff was from Leith, ' is native tow . , near Edin bui^h, Scotland, where his family was connected with the notables ol the city. Whether he did not relish the society at Smith's Creek or whether the tempting offer of the Crown of 3,000 acres led him to decide and settle at the Chats, we know not. The atlas tells us the rcfigecs drove their cattle from Niagara round the lake shore to Port Hope, but gives no intimation of how they crossed so many unbridged rivers and streams that empty into the lake in a range of nearly half its circumf r ence. The hope of seeing a Georgian Bay canal was held out to Mr. Shirriff. How many sheer delusions have the leading politicians of the last twenty years held out to men. The Duke of Wellington was a warrior rather than a statesman, or a civil engineer. Mr. Shirrcff was wealthy and 3,000 acres added might make him feel like a Duke. Bur like Crusoe's canoe, it was in the woods, and no tenants to raise from it a revenue. The unchecked growth of years stood in these forests ready to be converted into wealth, and being four^or five years in advance of all others, Mr. Sherriff with his friends and retainers began the lumbering;. The ship canal was in the thoughts of the few settlers on the Ottawa, as much the safest from Yankee guns. But the push was too big for the debt of Great Britam at that time. We have no recollection of Mr. Charles Shirriff, but we have c^ear remembrance of Mr. Alexander, Robert and Miss Shirriff in our school days. The latter we often met at prayer meetings in Donald Kennedy's and William Lough's. She was a superior woman commanding much respect from all classes; so lady-like and so kind-hearted. Many of the early settlers had to work in the shanty some time in winter and on the farms part of the summer, to procure provisions and clothing for their families. Mr. Shirriff, like Mr. Wright gave them employment whicli was at once beneficial to all. He cleared land, made timber, built houses and mills. Labor and capital were on friendly terms. We were often at the Cha- s and made many a tour through the surrounding town- .ui;^ j-jy, 2 v..»!fKifjrtjl from the Irish colt. Sl?e''>v Tom or Bb.i.cher-, some- tirnes by the swamp hotel and what is now Kinbum, somecimcs by the ^ line past McMillan's, at others on the 10th by linden's mill. Mr. HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY 41 Alexander Shirriff explored the Ottawa to the Georgian Bay, gave Rice Lake Its name and made report to the British Government, bearine the whole expense himself. One of their descendants, a highly respectable r"^A"- ^i^ t° "s recently : "If I had now what he expended then, ^TT u ~*™?'^*^^- ^^^""^ ^^" they construct a railway or canal to be out of the range of American guns, in a country of settle- ments one hundred miles deep and four thousand miles long ? Let us have peace. They must have felt great disappointment at the failure of «ieir wishes and expectations after such a labor and outlay of cash. Ihey got charge of the Crown timber depot at the Chaudiere Falls but that was small compensation. One of the brothers assisted Dr Christie in starting and conducting the Bytown Gazette. Alexander was a bache- lor. In 1825, Messrs. McMillan and Dingwsll built the first mill in Ficz- roy to cut lumber, and kept a little store in connection with it. This supplied the men employed and the surrounding neighbors Mr Her- man Tanden built a grist mill on the Carp, where it crosses the loth line the only place between Hartins and the mouth, where Mr. Shirriff erected one, that there w s fall enough and current to turn a millwheel. Lan- den had fought at Ogdensburg and Chrysler's farm, and was a man of influence a Justice of the Peace. He married several people, the first being John Wilson and Eliza Riddell. Mr. William and John Forbes came from Perth in 1820. Johr died soon after, the first death in Fitzroy on record. About the same time came Mr. Andrew i' son, afterwards sheriff. He was a man of great intelligence and mucii enterprise. Mr. Mohr came about the same year, took great interest in the progress of the township. Mr. George Larmonth conducted a store on the Chats bank, assisted by his gifted sister. He built a saw mih on the Mississippi that empties in above the harbor. In 1825 the McCormicks, Owens, Grants, Thomas and Henry Fraser, Gleeson. Haliday, Willis, Marshall and Keeting all settled on the banks of the Carp or near tnem. The McVicars, Russels, Ritchies were nearer Pakenham. The Rodisons, Loweries, Moorheads, Moorhouses Armstrongs, and some others took up all the lands eastward to the town line and into Huntley, south of the Carp. On its north side were Erasers, Gourlays, Laughlans, Stevensons, McMillans, Bairds. Greens, i-ergusons, Gabies, Hodgins, Bradleys, Featherstons. Some came with some money, some with little, some empty handed. But rich or poor tiie condition of the country and the road made it necessary to walk on foot to Brockville, Perth or Prescott, and carry home on their backs or shoulders, what they purchased. Women carried wheat to the mill In winter several small grists would be taken on one ox sleigh. Their at- tachment to one another was close for when Mrs. Dickson lost her darn- ing needle, the settlement turned out in force and found it. They hid not another among them. This brings up the story of the New Ene- andcr who went to "dicker" an t^^ for a "darnin" needle." then asked the merchant to stand treat. He said it was not his custom, but he would, bo they went, and when the drink was prepared, he could not h'.tiV^*!^f"i.*",5!!\^.^^_^.^^^^-'.'^"^ his egg,_and when he , .,. .^,-^^ia;:ij._u . -jrciiubapnat Uuess you must give me another "daniin' needle. ' Tea sold very high in those tinies. They tell of a it nas two yolks, woman whose SfeflvW: L.J 11 ! f I. i\\\ 42 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEV two dai'p[btrr , were from home working, who brought her a nice present when they came home on ?. visit. But she was so much afraid of reviv- ing the old fondness for it, ■ ch she had about subdued, that she would not touch it. The pione-;rs u.ostly came to better their condition. They early learned to square timber. For ten miles back, they drew it to the Chats' bank and sold to the merchants that took it to market. Mr. Tufts is said to have been the first to run pine down the Chats rapids. John Gillon in after times, did great business in purchasing the farmers lots that were drawn there. He also made a market for all that the people raised, and carried on his operations with vigor for several years. His credit was good, men had great confidence in him, and he got in their debt, and the fall in the price of pine left him unable to pay. My father proposed that they should release him from all obligations, and let him go on as before. John Smith, John Buckham and John Baird would agree to that, but it hung fire, as they said of the old musket, Gillon left and no one took his place, and the village stood still, never recovered to this day. ''''H-y lost the active man, the market and their money. Whether Sir John is looking down at it, or looking up, at it there is no ship canal at vDc Chats to this day nor likely soon to be. Whilst Mr. Chai'es Shirnff lived at Fitzroy Harbor he turned his attention to build a church and schoolh(Diise in one and the same building. Mr. Ramsay is said to have been their first teacher and a Miss Clarke taught first at Mohr's Corners, afterwards (Hubbell's Falls) Galetta. The Methodists are said to have been the first to preach in this new place. Preachers were easily made ready for the work in early times, and to the honor of the Methodists they were the first in the field here. Like the potato bug for the leaves of the rising plant, they watched for the planting of the little colonies, and in they went. Rev. Mr. Plavfair is the name of the first. Mr. Adams of I'akcnham followed. Rev. Mr. Alexander Mann, afterwards, Dr. Mann of Fakenham, favorably known all round, was their first Pres- bvtcrian visitor. The first Episcopal minister was Rev. Hannibal Mul- kins, afterwards chaplain to the Kingston penitentiary, who returned to England and is a long time dead. William Owens was the first boy born in the township and the first girl was Jessie Dickson, afterwards Mrs. Lees of this city. Mr. Shirriff had the post office, for a long time the only one. Moses Holt brought the mail from Hull once a week in a canoe in summer and sleigh in winter. Mr. James Steene built a mill at Hubbell's Falls, but there arc several now at Galetta, and churches and schools with considerable business carried on in the place. Kinburnison the lineof road to Pakenham and Arnprior and on the Parrv Soun'.i railway. Grants, Erasers, Croskerrys, Smiths, Ander- sons and' Donaldsons are the principal villagers. Messrs. Neil, Steene, Eraser and Mohr have been the principal reeves. The brothers Elliott have long been clerk Mr. Taylor followed them in the same cffite. Surprising things were said of the toils of these early scitlers. They carried store goods from Prescott and orockville. Fancy, people now, going aionc 5^^ iiiiich, junuv.inj^ a rodo L-iu.-i.co out a-.j^i t-,r.-- •• - ,• ing through these solitary forests these necessaries of their lives. Ho.v it would try the nerves to go alone ill such circumstance.*-, or even .11 pairs or more. Or contcini^iule a Jiolitaiy traveller gsicing off the w.'- HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY 43 and lost, having to spend the night on a beech tree, whose 1101138 growing out lower down its stem than other trees afforded the needed protection, and holding by these limbs for very life whilst a pack of hungrry wolves daaeed roortd to the sound of their own music. Such lodging and en- tertainment could hardly be regarded as either safe or enjoyable, yet no injuries were received. One young lady is reported as having on two occasions spent the night on a tree. She was called by the boys the angel of the swamp. We visited a young man in this township on the bank of the Carp, who was going to chop at a little distance, and seeing a yoimg bear on a tree of the beech family, with branches down towards the ground, and standing and wishing he had a gun, was surprised by the old mother bear and in his confusion ran and climbed the tree the cub was on, tak- ing his axe stuck in his clothes. The bear followed and he could not use his axe, but held by the branches. She, with her terrible claws, in- flicted seventeen cuts in one ieg and thigh, and some in the other; the blood flowed down on the bear and he fell at last faint with the loss of blood. His brother followed him soon after, and coming toward the scene discovered blood on his pants. This had been rubbed off the glossy hide of the animal passing through the brush on the path. He carne on his brother lying on the ground, picked him up, and carried him back home. His wounds >vere dressed and he recovered. We saw and counted the wounds while they were still great unhealed gashes. He had when he could move about, a strap under one foot that with his hand he helped to lift forward the foot till it recovered somewhat from its stiffness. Some of our readers can furnish the name that has escaped our memory. A young girl got lost with her faithful dog and was eight days away living on berries. She slept three nights under the same fallen tree. At last she thought the dog might take her out, and she scolded him ordering him home. He went reluctantly, every few min- utes turning to look at her, but at length brought her out. A Mrs. Mc- Caughan was lost a week and was found on the bank of a creek lifeless, in March township. We have had, as a boy, to search the woods for the cows daily but never got lost. Taught by our good mother to watch the incline of the trees and the side on which the moss grew, and we cbuld know our latitude in the darkest day. We have been several times close to bears and wolves, but aever came to an encounter. We once saw in the twilight the while shining teeth of a wolf, but he did not press for a closer acquaintance and we mutually retired as from a drawn b?*tle, without any blood letting on either side. Fitzroy has very much good land for meadow, pasture, grain and root crops, perhaps not excelled on this continent. It 'cannot equal the western states in the production of corn, melons and peaches, and pork raising as com is plentiful there, and easily fed; but it can far surpass them in beef and mutton. Horses produced here are twenty-five per cent, better than those grown where lands are soft and spongv in winter wtiere their lower joijits are soft and enlarged; but here they are clean and firm on summer dry pasture and winter clean snows. Chills, fevers, miiisina are all unknown here, that are so fatal in tlic United ' States! '^ i i i i 1 1 !■ i „ 44 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY But their physicians kindly console their patients by telling them of the fearful rheumatisms of Canada, etc., etc. The higher criticism of our day did not trouble the pioneers. They might express their regtets, that differences of opinion existed about A|)ostolic succession, adult baptism, that the Armenians held so many rich livings in the Church of England, I. lat moderatism prevented the extension of the church in color rl .i^elds white to the harvest. But the profound erudition of the Robt " •> ns, Smiths, Briggs, etc., had not thrown its searchlight on the mistakes, blunders and prejudices, of He- brews and Christians; no, the genius of these profound thinkers has set the modern world on fire. What young talented preachers in all Anglo- Saxondom, would not blush to admit that creation was the work of six days, or that Moses wrote the Pentateuch ? They will admit, with difii- culty, that Moses may have been the redactor (editor) of the scraps and fragments, out of which that wonderful book is composed. He did give the sap of his vigorous mind to learn all the wisdom of the Egyptians for nearly forty years, and was mighty in word and deed. He had also forty years, of learned leisure, in the employ of Jethro, with his flocks cro nng the herbage on the very slopes of Horeb or Sinai. Now it would be pedantic indeed, to sit in judgment on the style of that "primus inter pares," that first, and most sublime of all writers since the world began. The Reformed church of France produced some of the greatest preachers, orators, and writers, and one, not by any means the least of them, Saurin at the Hague, asks : "Did such a narrative as that of Joseph and his brethren ever flow from other pen in all the ages ?" Saurin could measure weapons with the great Fenelon or Bourdaloo or Massilon or Bosuet. True indeed, the Hebrew language has not been a vernacular for thousands of years, which renders it the more difficult to criticise and in- terpret as you must depend so much on Lexicons and scholars such as the Greens, Lightfoots, Buxtorfs, Gesseniuses, not to say the Owen's, Howes, and Melvilles. Yet, if it were a spoken living language to-day, it might not exhibit any more variance from the ancient forms, than the modern Greek Bible docs from the translation of the seventy in Alexandria or the Helenistic of the New Testament. In this year of grace one thous- and eight hundred and ninety six we read with great care the Books of Moses and Joshua and we are the more confirmed in the belief that the whole is a glorious Revelation of Divine truth, respecting creation, tne early history of our race, the fall into sin and the begun recovery. It, as a whole, spans more than two thirds of the history of human existence here below. Without it we had been left to conjecture, if indeed, our wretched existence as a race had been prolonged. Now as to the frag- mentary supposition. It is even too childish to be thought of for a mo- ment. They deign not to tell us who wrote these fragments. Adam, Enoch. Noah, Shem, Abraham, Melchisedeck, and Joseph, were pre- eminently, excellent men of renown on the best side of the humanity ;tht ancient Kings of Egypt, Philistia and Tyre were far from being irrJig- !^.._ 1-..1. ..* ^^ 4. ^-v.-.'.. r^C t-V^^^rtn .-v^ .^ .1 4- ■ ^~v v\ o r\ f^». n ^1* r>-i £. t-i ^ 4- 1^ /-\ ■ 1 .^rl^ ^Vt^vp iip^«.4k nrxf^mxt HJIJ."S, UUS. llUL UJiv; •Jl t.!!'_tll im_JlV!'-/llJ n. i i c..f;i!JV ::v, vii'-'tj-;; t: mvj- rr\.i: :::tsi!;- of them writers. Suppose those had left memoirs who was capable of composing Genesis from such scraps or volumes ? Could any of these give us the opened his John P his own or so fresh an that live ar how here ? in his Mak< nothing — v, asks scienti Ipiridpia — i beginning. j commence< How long 1 What is it ? the shadow Does it tra^ Do the the< were the he I of hi mout j by the won j things. It 1 jknow about jthen combii j operations, I omnipotent Iduce a thinj j years? Coi [but you mil iHugh Millai la great pcrii Iplenty of ag I but that is r jments of th( Irecord abou Igoing backv lyou offere 1 Ithe exact ag ■compete for Ithe creation ■that are mac ■know Him v |time no one »reat debt t( pedging it. In that 1 |tion and not key to these, fancies and .« creation mus lem of the ;rs. They sted about 1 so many /cnted the But the , had not es, of He- irs has set I all Anglo- /ork of six , with difti- scraps and le did give Egyptians [e had also his flocks i. Now it 'le of that rs since the )me of the means the tive as that he ages ?" lurdaloo or lacular for :ise and in- such as the ^'s, Howes, y, it might :he modern xandria or one thous- le Books of ief that the eation, tne lovery. It, ,n existence indeed, our :o the frag )f for a mo- ts. Adam, were pre manity;th« ur>.liar- mg o tntr «!Vf HISTORY OF THeIotTAWAVALLEY " . 45 .. vc US the important scrap about creation ? not even Adam till he opened his eyes upon it and it was all over then. John Milton presents him auestionine all creation <-n f^ii Ui^ r his own origin. Thou Sun said^I. fair light, and thou 'n lighten Tart' so fresh and gay, ye hills and dales, ve rivers, woods and n a ns ".nH vi how w' N^'iftd^rr ''''• :t^" '^y- -rho^w'^cTSe^jth'u now nere;' jnow it Adam, the nearest to the creation andof it maH.. Lhina^'^t'/"''.^." " knowledge, uprightness and puSy could teU nothing-what antidiluvian or post diluvian can do any better fob , asks scientists questions, they will not easilv answer. T/zI J^os/i-Ar/l-. \frt.a/>ta~Caput-he^d, first, or the Kephaiia~Bibliou-^\\ ,JL Vo the beginning. Can any one tell of the beginning but the Creator who then I commenced h.s work ? What of the li|htt, thi work of the fi^st dav ? How long was the day? How long did it take to c ea e the li/h^ What IS .t ? Something separate from the sun as affected by tso^that the shadow is darkness ? Does it flow in straitrhh lmp.c ^ • \ Does it travel or stand still? We h^^e hVrd';Sle ThluHes VoTi/ Do the theorists know any. more than others ? By the word of the f r.Iri were the heavens made and all the host of them by the sn rit or hr h ofhK mouth. Through faith we understand that thVworlds were fr. •. by the word of God, so that visible things were not madrof uihl : hmgs. It, snot evolution development^ b^t crea^on What c o we know about creatu^n? Is it first forming or producing simple elements then combining them into the complex ? Time is a ^reat Sfncr ;! operations, because of our impotence. Is it^o with^I V ^ '", '""■ omnipotent and infinitely wLTf^: J^ l^ S^^.^^ :^:::. duce a thing, an object, must it of necessity be extended ?n^ni; * r years? Could it not be exercised at once ? But th s is ni lack o": " but you must admit that or die in ignorance Tis a hL^ haj r > Hu,h Millar that Moses had a vision^SX. aTi'd ^h'Tda'^^^^^^^^^^ a great period in creation That kills the sabbatical rest ^There were plenty of ages in the eternity o^ the past to cover all the r sncculatlon^ but hat IS not the order of Genises and so oft repeated in the^comn^^^^^^^ Iments of the law and the scores of repetitions with u,h:^l +» command- record abound. Calculating by astrj^o^/yo" obm^rat ^"beSnnir [the K creation of the world arrclelrTy7e™Vd;grd:.;;stlod by Vh'thr, Ithat are made H,s eternal power and Godhead. But thev did TiSJ fcr„e"c:,'svre''L'tatiI:''=irrh/=S;rtV '"T fet to payithey haVe borrowctrr^iTre^itn*;!"? ^^J. In that revelation we get whatever truth we know of or abort rreo [ion and not in chemistry, geology or astronomv R?. IS f- u^' My to these. Without it\Ly a^^shut u^rthT^fo^sof^ a^^^^^^^^^ '.' !^" h^^^J^^}^^^}^ intelle^ct" ^ThlTn^vU^^Ln^.lj;: peat,onmu;t^be'Sri;Ct^-/--1.-^^^ wiifriffii ^m % ' I Ill ■ 4O HISTORY OF Tl» CTPAWA^ VAIUY prove their own inspiratien of God, and in the words wkMi the f9tAy Spirit teacheth. There could be much made out of the tra<Htion of oW time. Adam conversed or might have with Noah's father Lamech, for a hundred years, Enoch, before his translation, lived one hundred years after Noah was born, and his father and grandfather nearly six hundred years. Noah lived to the days of Nahor, Abraham's grandfather, and Shem till Isaac was a full grown man, but they may not have met and perhaps never saw each other as Abraham left the country of Shem. There tnust have been much information conveyed from one to another in this overlapping of so many generations. We lay no stress on that, the scriptures are inspired the things written, Moses is the first who gives written books Lo be kept, and a copy was put into the Ark of the Covenant and that copy was brought out in the days of King Josiah. There may have been many copies in the hands of Priests and Levites, for they in- structed the people but this was the original in the clear hand writing of their greatest scholar, and prophet and was the words of the Lord God of hosts the king of glory. In Moses he selected the right man, for he testifies to Miriam that Moses was faithful in all God's house. Now we are not afraid to plant ourselves on the ground, that the whole history and legislation, the or- ganizing of church and .state, *the planting the heavens of the church and laying the foundations of the earth as a state, and saying to Zion, thou art niypeople that all was the work of God whilst the Word was the in- spired. — Word written for our learning that we, through patience, and comfort of the Scriptures might have hope. Moses testifies that the a,c;ency of God is in all this revelation, legislation, organization and the whole people who saw it all, and in the days of Christ, the indelible hn- pre-ssion on the minds of the whole nation was embodied in this: "We know that God spake with Moses." Mo.ses and the prophets hold the same authority : all scripture the same authority. The baseless state- ment of the great Hebrew scholar Briggs, that no sacrifices were offered in the desert, was quietly upset by a young girl, a Sunday school teacher, that very much cattle were driven out of Egypt, and multiplied in the desert, and again that these cattle suffered from thirst before the rock was smitten to give them a drink. The early settlers of this valley be- lieved the writings of Moses and the prophets and the words of Jesus Christ. The tribes of Reuben and Gad had much cattle forty years after. A few prominent names may serve to represent the teeming thous- •ctncTs now around us : Wrights, Reids, Pritchards, Blackburns, McClel- land.s, Symnics Gordons, Kenneys, Curries, Kings, Brysons on the north shore of the river, and the Shirriffs, Forbes, Dicksons, McVickers, Grants, Frasvi;% Gouriays, Alexanders, Wilsons, Lowrys, Robertsons, Stevensons, Baircis, McBrides, Cauldwells, Bearmans, Davidsons, Gra- hams, Kennedys, Loughs, Lusks, McLarens, Euckham.s, Smiths, Grier- sons, Moliat.s, Irv ings, Wliytes, Browns, Blacks, Fails, Hustons, Stewarts, Simpsons, Craufords, Yoii;igs, Toshacs, Eadies, Hartins.Fentons, Thomp- .sons, Duncans, Logans, Haniiltons, liodgins, Johnstons, among so many o'h( rs that ro]i-csent groups of families, almost clan.s and tribes, that in «'::>. ti'. f'.-d KettU'nscnts held fas!- iholv r^iginn l-ill con^TC-ations were iV.rmcfi and miniL-tcrs pn.'cu'cd of Wci-leyan Mcvho-iisic, Church of Erg- iLiiiii, l'resb)teriHn vvtio held forth the faiihfui worxl and among whom ^nSTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY 47 scepticism was unknown and unheard of. Yes, they planted tbc stnn I eve dSwIt'in'Tnd f r^.^' *^^"^ *^ '^" ^'■^'^' ^"^' *'^-> ^^''-v" only rule of & '^^ same Scriptures as the rule and the Snioneer^ ^T.^^.r}^ *° the faitlifulness of RutXpSI^ J^fy^f^he.roffspnnfr are follovvinfTthcir good example n i/!u ^'^"' K'^^/' """'sters could be procured, kept mire their A th Would the.r grandchildren with all the adVantages from^ mTn stcrs a i he's TheTe is'rooHo ' '^^^''^'^^ ' ^° ^'""^* some woul.rbLt w I wcreimDas^^^^ .^" ^y^^""^^ ^^y« ^^'l^«^n roads were impassible, little or no communication with the outside wodd no Sy tlfjhindtoo^t'and d"' ^^.^ ^'^t -^"^^ '^^^ °" ^''^ back,':ei;cd'the tt Dy tne hmd foot and drew it after him on the light snow in the fall '^m\ being a very large, strong man, dragged it home bathed n sweat tl c tT^r^LtanTo : cTml ^^ -y/hefe people with all the?e "i£lt; oreast and overcome, were able to attend to their rclitrion and main- roVre^s "'ofT hf "'^' "'' fl '''' ^^T^"^^^^^ ^^'^ ce^tiny" the most progressi\e of all the centuries of human history, with a vastly mnrovrd t'eTrrhisthircf rne^"1•''"^ "i'r l^^-''^^ ^''''^'<^> chnrchc/aXTn . oc fY .• r H^"^^ation ought to be as far ahead of their grandfathers efy' A^lhev^rrrS"'"^ advantages, in intelligence and tJe nl!/ 1 IP ^ ^J ^-^ ^^^'^^ "°^ ^ multitude given u./to case i<Il(- ncss worldlmess. and even sensuality ? Oh. the happiness Te eri v ment men might attain to. did they give themselves to Godliness ! ^^" Some of the old families have"disappeared. Some have gone to multiply and cultivate the orange groves in the Sunny South^ son e nn?h^°M i-"'" P''°/T'°"^' ^'^'^'' '"to business, but many o them "re wli °^^ ^■l"'' ""i'^^'' grandfathers; stalwart sons of tl e soi ?£ wives and sisters the wi.es of others, retain at this dav rnuch of the v go, freshness and good looks of former days. Wc spc^ak of the ch fdren of the old generation of pioneers or white aborigines that entered nthr &'?hf t'eestr "^'? ""T'Jr ^^^ -b^-Son^V the'irn'b'l ': was a sad «!?. of these forests had, grown to an immense size. There the BritTsh market whth^'""i!f"' ''^'"^' '" P^^P^'-'"^ '^^^'^ timber for rrTfJ,! u "^^J.^^l ^"'ch was then open to us Chopping and clearin^r Jcars Fari''r"?^>f "^ '^"^^ V' ^^^^^'^ "°^^- ^hui-c^hefw^re fe w fo? IT!i \armers houses were large shanties caulked with moss driven T^: c'hintt^w^rtTe^r ^"'r°P^ "J*^ ^ thin%:itd"h"nd'sp ke" 11 ., i 1 4 1 : 1 f 1 \ li ■ i 1 1 ) 1 ; 1 r ! i'i I ' " ' il 111 48 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY or wall of the building. Then, two crooked cedurs wem got amd the ends pointed or thinned to drive into the chinks between the loffs on each side of the stone work. The other ends pinned to the beam across the house about four feet in from the end wall. Cedars were cut the length for these latl rom one side to the other. The first lath was laid in a ^'ood bed ol ^Uy mortar on the stone work on the back. Then the cedars flatted a little on their upper side, had a bed of mortar laid on and laths cut l:iid on them across the lath on the back; some of them nailed in the end to the crooked cedars, laid in plenty of mortar. When they reached to the level of the highest ends of these crooked cedars with the three sides or back and two sides they laid a lath in mortar on the beam and formed the fourth side. So they built the chimney which they called a fireplace till they got above the scoops. The substitute they made for hair in the mortar was cut straw or beaver meadow hay, cut with the axe on a block, sometimes pounded to make it the more pliable. The back was kept straight with the house wall but the other three sides were drawn m so that from five or six feet wide at the bot- tom it would end in three by two feet at the top. The mortar was laid to give three quarters of an inch on the inside of the laths, and made smooth to be safe. They often caught fire but a cup of water thrown against it generally extinguished it. We have often so extinguished it. Mrs. Morin was entertaining Mrs. Miltord at tea one evening when the shanty chimney took fire. Mrs. Milford understood the business and was soon on the house-top re- moving the scoops and then pouring on the water as it was handed up to her, soon quenching the fire. Taller houses, lime-buming and sione chimneys became popular, and Jimmie O'Meara and Luke Hogan, stone- masons, built for everybody. In a short time sided log houses and sided log churches became something to speak of and glory in. Siaed \o^ schoolhouscs became fine preaching places for a few years. Our pride and vanity have carried us to the other extremity. In the city we ex- pend far above our wants, whilst the poverty stricken appearance of the country church would indicate that it did not belong to the same denom ination. Sometimes city ministers, with reverence be it spoken, of course, rarely, are suspected of lording it just a very little over their less fortunate country brethren; or the brethren are afraid to oppose anything,' these wish lest their popularity should be blanched, A baseless fabric of a vision ! But the appearance of smoke is pretty sure indication of fire. Is justice always kept in view in the proceedings of church courts? Enter not into judgment with thy servants 1 Church loans are popular, as if it were a virtue to lend at low interest to encourage such architec- tural display. It looks like laying up treasure above. A Scotchman dying, is said to have asked a Free Church ministet "If I Icrive twenty thousand pounds to the Free Church, would it benefit me anytb.ing in the other world ?" The cautious minister would not commit himself, but said; "It would be worth trying the experiment." If one cannot help being rich, would it not be a fine experinier.t long before he dies to heli/fcrcble coTigre^jations yearly? Henry J. Tilden left six mill ons to found libraries. Had he given the interest every year of ihat sum to assisi feeble congregalicns in thedenommation he^prefferred, 1 c might ni-t o!ily have got to occupy the White House, but he would HiSTOftV or THE OTTAWA VALLIY 49 have been emijalmed in the hearts and remembered in the p/ayera of iniUions, as the man that loved their nation and had built them a syna- gogue. A writer in the Canadian Churchman makes out that wealth will enable you to become Knight, Baronet or Lord, or procure you any de- prees the universities can confer; provided always that you support the party enjoying the power. The early comers were contented with plain things in houses and churches, not because they were destitute of taste or blind to elegance They were thinkers and workers who made the country what it is but what the actors of to-day are undoing Fifty years ago the little Presbytery of Perth was formed chiefly of younc ministers and elders who set themselves to build up their cause in the Ottawa Valley, which thing they did at an outlay of labor, perhaps without a parallel in the history of the church for some centuries. As a Presbytery they visited almost every congregation and mission station from the Long Sault to Port William, and from Dalhousie to the Desci- What grand rides and drives they had. », ^!^T V^^'^" waiting for refreshments at the well-conducted hotel of Mrs. McFarland, Pakenham, Sheriff Dickson, her brother, a man of fjreat conversational powers, laid himseif out to entertain us The horse, that in saddle or harness hold a conspicuous place in our work was referred to, and the Sheriff recommended us never to buy or keep a horse that in trotting described a semicircle with his front foot as he would be slower or sooner exhausted than one that lifted his foot and reached it forward in a straight or direct line; a useful hint in many a se- ection afterwards. On one occasion at Dalhousie, a gentleman tried to borrow his friend s horse to drive in advance to his place to be ready to receive the others when they arrived, but was refused. He then offered to bet that he could drive him as f,w i as the owner. Another brought out a tall rangy raw colt in long shafts, to save the hind foot from strikine the cross bar, and asked him to get in which he did asking if the shaft was all one stick ? He was driven home half an hour in advance in time to prepare for their reception. .u ^vA T^l'^'u '"'^''^ ^f ^P^'^ """'^ ^^^ *° f^ve' ofte.i a great way but tZrft ^''^'">7':,^ ^^^ nimisters rode 'm pairs preitly enjoving each others society and the meetings, entertainments w.A especially the pic- turesque scenery of which the Ottawa country possesses a great Tnd envious monopoly The Oilau . river so broken with rapids before slides were formed had its sKd .uonopoly of .swallowing multitudes of poor rafcsinen, and, sorry to .say, some excellent men, particular friends were cngulled in Its waters. The Carp that runs through so many ol' these tmvnships has .ts legends though scarcely any cases of drowning It was difficult to bridge this flat river as it overflowed its banks Tn spring and at high floocis in the summer or fall, .so there was a Ion- wav o crosslay and few could give tlie time or money necessary for the out- lay, but It had to be passed over as it cut so many farms in two.' -Where a beaver meadow eft no trees on the bank, it had to be crossed with canoe or float. Wlicrctall elms grew near the bank and were lonff enough to cross it; one was cut and the stump cut so that the tr^^ r* u.ainea on it; olher trees were cut to cormcct it on each side with' the n gner ground a LttK^ Irom the water's edge, so they could walk alonP these and get over, bouic could perform chc feat easily and s»i-«ly ani t iri ^50 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY Others did it with fear and caution. If one slid off by a mishap or rather a misstep and got wet, he had to run home and change his clothes, or hasten with his teeth chattering to his journey's end, unable to tell what happened except, ah 1 the Carp, the Carp, but it was soon known to the cnciuircr. Some had to go on their hands and knees over the logs. Mick Dur hnm, a tailor, had to cross to do some work for a farmer, and as his "goose" could not swim he made it fast but forgot that his scissors and spectacles were in his breast pocket, and in the kind of frog leaps he made on all fours they dropped into the flood. He seemed in an awk- ward mood, and meeting an old gentleman full of humor who questioned him how he got over, he said allright, but .'he scissors had fallen out of his pocket. "What 1 did you lose your .scissors ?" No, 1 left the spec- tacles to watch them. William Gourlay, some years ago, explored the river through mud, marsh and creek, through ferns, beaver grass and willows to Landen's mill and got the councils of Fitzroy, Huntley and March to contribute and they blasted some stone and took it down a little which was perceptible several miles back. But it must be dredged and it ought to be with public money, as it is too much for the land owners on the banks to bear all the cost. Because farmers, are not lumbermen or railroaders, have they no claim ? Some politicians have a deathless dislike to the farmers. This should be gotten over. They cannot do without the farmers, especially at voting time. Ncpean seems to have had a line surveyed on its eastern side from Crosby to the Ottawa river. It got a local habitation and a name, as the philosophers say. In its defined form it contains over 6o,ooo acres, Lilt when its name was first given, it included all on the west side; Carle- ion, Lanark, and Renfrew, or for that matter, might extend to the Geor- gian Bay. Like it, the county of Ottawa is bounded on the north by the polar seas. It has a janus face, one front on the Ottawa, the other on the Ridcau. The Ottawa front is called twelve, the Rideau fifteen miles lonj;. The poor surveyor disappeared and was never heard from. The last post he was said to have planted was at Dow's Swamp. John McNaughton fini.shed the survey. Some surveyors started the idea about forty years ago that the lines were not correct, that the iron ore in Hull had 'affected the compass, so they ran a lew Imes but found that the ilefect on the first was made up on the la.st, and the thing was aban- doned, the old lines being as correct as the new ones. In 1798, there is a reference to the first survey. That was the third session of the second J a iaiucnt of George III. Afterwards Upper Canada was formed into a province. The United Empire or English Loyalists were numerous, and some had fought on the side of King George, and these with those who, sympathized with them flocked into Upper Canada. The Government ^ gave them claims they called tickets, to land, but the people not paying, much attention to the U. E. L., pronounced them all in a word Ueright tickets "•• These people, male and female, drew lands freely and in ex- tensive lots, as they were favorites, and they were anxious to people^thej land with such k)yalists. These coining f«< ii> the other side, wnefeti:£!? opponents were called rebels, came to associate loyalty with their tory iiotionsj and to oppobc ihem, was, in their crude notions, to be a rebei,l ip or rather clothes, or to tell what lown to the Mick Dur ', and as his icissors and og leaps he in an awk- ) questioned lien out of ;ft the spec- xplored the :r grass and iuntley and )k it down a be dredged for the land srs, are not iticians have ver. They rn side from i a name, as jo.ooo acres, It side; Carle- to the Geor- he north by a, the other ideau fifteen heard from, amp. John ted the idea the iron ore ut found that ng was aban- 1798, there of the second formed into a Limerous, and th those who Government le not paying ord "Ueright ly and in ex- to people the _ 1 a.1..:. ith their tory to be a rebel, HISrrORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY tt c'urSy'''^**'^" '' ^^ '^•■^^ '"- has been disastrous to the welfare of he .L^raV^^^^^^^^ but arter the war every new country oyZ u? together wJh^tT.'"''^,^ *"r^J'^^ P^°*P«»» near her people, led him to com ^t^ v '^ "^'/'^ ""^ ^^ ^'f^' to be land. If^ pirson d5.sll<Td the p^ce of his"!o?;-^^"". ^^7 ^°^h ^'"^^ it, take the money a„d go where he chose wif" \''^'^ ^^ *^^"'^ »^" grown up his father cffcred him tickets for" 1 r^ " ^'''- "^"'^y^cll was Hcdd go and make good hisT^a ms whirh h^i"" J" ^"P**"' '^ ^c : Mohawk and the Sit Lawrence To; 7tnu^ '^''''xr*?.*^ exchanged the first white settler on the OtUwa in Nenr.? " h^ ^,*"''>'\ "*^ ^^ the buiit a shanty, and choppeXr ac^e'TiSio H^ ''''^ 5'"' ^'''^ ^^ , deau and must have borrowed helo fSm H., ?♦ u-^l^U'.'' ^°^" t*'* R^- was ten years old as a sctt^ment thin iJ?"" e° '^"''^ ^'^ ^^^^^Y- Hull us that she and her Vu "anT^ut anH .»^"/!r*^ °^ ^''^''^'^ told ; first shantv, not a pretentious one Mr Hon. ^^^I.^k '"' *"? ^""^ **»«' ' weary an J homesick, and returned to Pr.?..r''"i.^^^"'*= h""?^' and ; rcws of Welsh descent. wlTorbrU eves aXl.",' ^f""V ^''' ^n- ' tclligent conversation, he concluded unnM I P'^l^^^t smiles, and in- half a county. Kc Proposed he accented l^^^u^ "'^'^ **^ ^'"^ ^^an started for their new home in he tooS to t '\l ^°"^^ '"^^"^^ P^'^ their first com and DOtatoM Vi h ™ -^ *^"'" ^h*^"" shoppings, plant It must have been h^ardTborC^ Ti^r .?'°"'' "''"°? «"^ cucuAiLS would scarcely bum a^l the lar UloU /n°t'?f ^° '^J^' *^ ^^^ «"^«" sen,, rows among the logs '*'S:e logs, and they must have planted the Ta^d^r i'f rhos'eiry'irg^;,!!;:: "^Tn^^hfpt^ ^° '"^'^ --^ - young pair came on a jumDer dfawrhv = J" ^^^ /^^bruary of 181 1 the household goods. SuchTSmal, ™ t^ KZ^^ °^ '^"'""' bringing their desert, tley travelled JiTuthX^^^^^^^ Canadian They spent a nicrht in thi. l?cf^? the new settlements to Mcrrickville ho/e. ^his was thehouse^Vwr Do^ his new Mr. Billings. He was of Scotfh extrrAS^ father-m-law afterwards of kilmarnoL The custom 0^^^^^^^^^^ f^\^ his place Iconic to stay, and the bes^ ent#.rtl,-nrn L *if *"*"V 7 greeting, a wel- U cost. tL set the wanderer J his 'i ?'?k ""'"^'^ «'^^ ^^^ ^^^ of Ihospitality douWyXcious Tht r.«N "*" **"" evening, making the W'Rideauto thc^I?J?rBack Rapi3s^h°^J^s^r^•"^^ ^°^'" '^'^'^ ^^ fo get their stcens tiirJugh the ^row in ^^^^^i y'^'^S^^^r^^ss for them khct a haJtingpIacc or roof'toTover?il "*^« *"*^ '"'^ ^ *^'»*^"^e tepi the burninlof a d,?r tree in the wini?^ ■'}'*" ^° r^''"' *h'^"'. ^^• fheer them or break the monotony '""^' ^' " ^""'^" ^°^<^^ to '■or 'fe T^d' th%TettrghVt"ota^:"s2:t^ f '"^ 'T^' "^ - gi> Cher a warm rer.«t.-«r^"L_ ^SI f'"'^..''''°^ ^"^ *« '^O' so as to fd]ife.atthei7;*;;."'A^^.""k.rr:L.^=*'".'"^" their first hre in their Ihtn selves to carve out I been . c... r..^' n^ScXt^); '<•' a living tM sMTCede*. ^he steea •scd bad to be jitff f 'f IMLWJt i.L' . -/,"lJJHJ««-.*..i«V*UL.*K'J-. I ! f i I I ■lil ;i 5S HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY fed on tree tops till the leaves and grass appeared, then they enjoyed a paradise around that little clearing. His nearest neighbor was Mr. Brad- j dish Billings, across the Rideau, who built a shanty, and lumbered in l8iO with some men, but had not yet married. The first white man that settled near the Honey wells, was a Mr. Draper, but he did not re main long. Abram Dow selected and took possession of his farm on the Rideau front in 1813. The same year Roger. Moore, uncle of David and Job Moore, long known as the richest of ouf lumbermen, settled in Nepean near by, and Martin Moore a brother of Roger, settled close to J Honeywell. The pioneers delighted to call the Ottawa the "Grand] River." Samuel Dow took up land in i8i6on Rideau front. After himj came Johnathan Marble Dow with a family of five daughters and two] sons. The same year Lewis Williams with five daughters and threej sons located near the Dows, and in the same row boat with him Williaraj Thompson with three sons and six daughters, settled on the farm obi the Richmond Road. His sons William and John Thompson went extensively into thej lumber trade, creating a market for produce among the farmers, and! were for many years the best stock-raisers and model farmers in the! district. Andrew was a local preacher, but the family were all Presby-f terians. One daughter was Mns. Peter Whyte, whose husband vyas anl extensive lumberer, who made his domicile in Pembroke. His sonj Peter White, is the Honorable Speaker of the House of Commons, Another Miss Thompson became Mrs. Hickey, raised a large family o| sons and daughters, well known and occupying respectable positions iit the city. One sister was Mrs. Aylen, who after the loss of her husband| kept house for her brother John. Her son, William Aylen, was a ver promising young man, very much liked, became heir to most of thd wealth of his uncle, John Thompson, who died a bachelor. Mr. Aylen after his uncle's death, married his cousin, the widow of Dr. Newton whose mother was a Miss Thompson, that was killed by a fa'.l fromi stage coach at Grenville. W. Aylen died young having no issue. Mrs Haworth of Hull was another Miss Thompson whose family were i| Hull. The sixth in our numeration was Mrs. Radmer, also of Hull, witi a large family of boys and girls. Mr. William Thompson, Jr., marrie a Miss Doran of the village of Bytown. Some of his sons lumbcrc some were in the employ of the Government. One daughter was( pretty .school girl in our school visits. She is the wife of Hon. Speakd Whyte. William Thompson, the pioneer, died in December, 183J John Thompson, another son, died in 1855, the other son William diti in 1867. His wife survived him some years. All the sonsin-law of Wi liam Thompson, Si., were sailors, who ran away from the fleet or I merchantmen, that sailed into Quebec at the close of the long wars wH France; wars that were almost interminable and nearly the destructicj of both the nations. Peter Whyte, the shiner, was a familiar expression among the thod ands in the lumber employ, but it must h ■ e been got up by some waf for he was the reverse, took no stock in the party. Peter Aylen, anotb laiiavray sauvi, rr a^ ^•■<- ' ^••'j — 1, — : sity, he had so many of them in his employ, having lumbered so exti sivdy on the Ottawa and taken so ^nai^y rafts to Quebec. He builtj HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY 53 great frame house and a still greater stone bam i.a«f nf fk- Tk on the farm now in the posselion of Mr John Henev H^T^TP?*""' stone m the wa 1 of the him with V a \t "^"^X- . He had a hrge was that the V. representeTthT^rT;.^. Y' ''f "P°1 '*' '^^^ ^"^^^ LcK. W^B BUrf who It nVh K^ 1° ^J*^'"""^^'"^ ^"d the Hog's creek in his limg pu^cLsed^ buSt o^.l^^^^^^ ^'' ""'"^ '^ ^ He raised blood stock his Rescul g?' fl ^^^^^^ improved this farm. Holt came to NeS^an f 8 1 Ld r'"'^'''*'^*';?" '°'"*^ ^^^^^ Moses Jchiel Collins keptTe fi^t store on th^^^^K^ McConnel the year after, landing, but the boats wTreToZTth T^l^^.'^ ?^ *^*^ "''^'' Collin's Bellows who had is st^himTnthl^^^^^^^ ^"* ^^ '°^^ *° and hence BellowTundir "^f, iT' ,S,t"°r "'"^^ * ""'« ^ock, Falls on the FlatT iJs sst^r klJt h^ t f' ^S- ^T °l*^^ Chaudiere an American, pensuaded her to ma^ l" ^°'' ^'7'i"' ?^ ^^'"'"g «»»". there as hardly to meSlieno^^^^^ ^^'^^ * ^"^« then to Aylmcr. then Des loarhim "<= ^f "J ^o «"» »n a little time. Flats. Roger Moore w«wei of him *" ^:;^l "^"^y^^^^ nearest the Thompson: George M^ConneM RiH .'n5"1 k^'^^^^?^ ^'"^ ^"^ William Hull, to which G?orge soon followed R^ch{?S" ^"S°""S '^''^^^ >" sons of John Mr«s Rr^kJ^r^ K chard and Renaldo were the ICnapmanswasnotsoextensTvr ^"' acquamtance with the |sport?"^Si:l"ptei"nd'"h;Sfhelell^ ^-? "^ '^^^ she drove a fine pair of Gre^ S.^ .r. '/ ^""'^ unavoidable, and of Hugh Fails thrsurvevo7%h?anfi^''?'1'''^.^^"'^*h^ third wife my father's. During the war of %,2 ,«?J husband very often visited at iFIcur rose very hi^h^. andr.^tlH?;'!^^:..^".^?,*^?",^. ^^« .high-priced. [any and Ho i-^vwplf haH t^^ ,,-^ T" ^i.' *'r''"""*"' " "K""^ w^uiu not spare i i^ i 1 ;,j: i r i j, 4 ' 54 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY day or two after he had got it home with his steers and jumper, in sum- mer, having brought it down the Rideau on a cedar float, he received a friendly visit from A. Dow of Rideau front, and his brother-in-law, Brad- dish Billings. They soon told him their message. He remonstrated that the flour had cost him so much time and trouble as wel' as money to bring it for his own use too. They laid him down fifty dollars, stating that each needed a barrel as much as he did, and they would take it and not starve. Viewing all the circumstances Honeywell agreed. We have seen flour sixteen dollars, but not so high as that price. Capt. Le Breton was said to have built a mill at the Chaudiere but we do not remember it. We have been at his fine mill at the Deschene Rapids. He was an Englishman, and all in his employ were the same He sold afterwards to Mr. Robertson, also an Englishman, with whose boys we went to school, and who took much interest in municipal affairs. South of the sandy hills William Bell settled on good land, had a family oi boys and girls. We remember the first impression made on our young mind by his empty sleeve in the pocket of his jacket; the short jacket being much worn then. South of him Sergt. Vincent; T . -houldice kept a tavern towards Bearmans, Rob Boyd made carts whcic Strinson lived, carts for oxen with great hubs, flat iron bands put in to take a great axle-tree that could not be broken. They were beauties in their way. These were probably all here before 1820. About this time the complaint was, that so many location tickets were given for land in Nepean, that these were held and sold from one to another, that people went for free grants to other townships, and from twenty or twenty- two for four or five years no one came to locate. In consequence, tickets did not rise in value to any great extent, and people bought and began to settle down. The O'Grady's, Hugh Bell, Geo. Sparks, John Davidson, Thomas Teirney, all came and settled in various places in the township, say from 1820 to 1822, Hugh Bell got his farm beside Bearman, east of the line, Rideau front, and gave his name to the corners. The early settlers had to canoe it to Montreal for their goods, Honeywell is said to have gone and returned alone more than once. This must have taxed all a man's ability to get a canoe up the Rapids with the lightest load, while he waded in the edge of the stream, and kept. his frail bark from being broken on the rocks. We can fancy the Moores, Honeywells, McConncUs, etc., going in pairs or companies with case and success, but v/e pity the man who would do the thing now. The times of these fathers of the country cannot be well compared with our times. We well remember in 1833 starting in a company of seven- teen to reach the settlement in Huntley. We started from By town on the morning of the 12th of July. The Richmond Road was opened by the cutting of trees and brush, but the stumps were not extracted, but stood as obstacles to teams that got round as best they could. There were no waggons, a kind of ox carts only. The stumps in many cases were decorated with berry bushes that were loaded with their fruits, red and black, a jjreat attraction to the young travellers. Some of the mothers carried their youngest in their aims. One man was ninety and his wife eighty. The man's hair whs stiii black, (dyes had not come into _»^ i.U^r, \ V<u o.iIa'o r.:oc! rrrat> '1~'li«:-\r V.or' fivQ ^I'lnc QnrI twn rlancrhlpri;. >T)m. youngest was a beii«i!iiful girl, ihtn terii-ips in l»er teens. : illSTORY' 6f THfe OTTAWA VALLEY. JJ The road was unditched in all its extent. There were Datrh«.Q nf ^'^"^'m" iV'^t\ ^y '"^'^^ ^^« purse-iearer Tor^moTof the 8fJ^«l.,„S^^ father had to remain with some others to try and get home ?nl/ir '^'''' "^^^^ ^^''^^'^ ^'^'■"^ »t, no easy thing; but a mfn wiS^a yoke of oxen and cart brought potash for Mr. Robert Grant! and brTuSht LTfn'' ^^'^' -S?"'^^ u^''\^" '^"^ "-^P" they had. But Mr CuS hfnH I tK "^ '^'*^^' ^^*^" 't^y g°t '° t»^« bush, which was ve,^ near to bmd rt the more securely. The men who had not seen a withe twisted Z^tt' ^°"^r^ ^t his ingenuity and handinesa Somrrotten trees had fallen and he cut them so easily to get them out of the way and restored the axe to its place, a hole in the tongue of the c^rt^' Our company reached Mr. William Bell's at high nofn. He was at his 6hl u u J^^.*""*^ °^ h'^ *"'P*y sleeve was in the pocket of his short acket He had lost an arm. and ft being the first such ^e I had seen mide an indelible impression on my young memory. ' ^" He sprang up, asked my mother if we would have dinner <?he replied she thought most of the company, especially the you nee ^ ones would enjoy it. So we had a fine dinner Mr. BeU pulled some vounl' SeVa/erTe^St^h^jv^ *^^" ^^'^ ^^^ party' XthTr?- marKea alter we left that his charges were very moderate We trav elled on as directed to Malcomsons from that, past the Potash torts' Some of our company went to see if it was no a^disti Icry iSl men were then fond ofpoteen. of course they have reformed^all tl a n^w They reported that there was no means of smellingThe co k so onTc fl'mlreYanT "so^e° f'.r^^'"'^ '^^"^ ^^^'^ workSo see'us Tnd^hc'a irom Ireland Some of the grown up ones stood to talk the othrri walked on. I encouraged a little brother from one berry bush to an- other sometimes holding his hand, and others, groanL under the weight of him on my bacE. We reached a little og tavern "BUlv Brad h'e floofa: ufuil " A Snd t"" ' "'^^^ 7^^^"^- '^^ ^^ ^ ^^^-n luc uuor as usual. A grand procession of about s xteen miles for thr» dearings were too small to let the sun shrivel up the road^nto short di- mens^ns as it may now and we had neither a flag nor wh" key battle -oJn\T/:J^[nt"iT% ^"it ^"' 'T' ^^"^ J^-ndsome Varrfed women ana tall, sturdy men, all well dr-ssed, so that we made a ironrl wno were near the side of the way, came to see us if we would drink we went^'^T.; n^- ""' k"" ^J"^^"^' ^""T'^ "^^^'^ ^^ ^^^^ fromTd thither Tnuk TK ^^^'^'"S back on it from to-day we say these peoX had alfn? ;h. fhtS • °"rT J^V'"^^ ^^ Stittsville, then tSrned to the west rnmFn, a'^ ^'"^.°-^ Huntlcy. Samuel Johnston had heard we were sTttre to'diWr''' %^' r "^ *\°. T"^^ ''^^ bis house and took S thofhI!i 1 *"""• , After dmner, which was a very enjoyable one ^v^AV'"" f '^'i "^f^'^^ «S°- -^"'^he unmarried of the partv are "dead tkle of TnLl7.^ ^°*^"' ^"/ "^y^""^^- "^bese details mayK nota par ticle of interest for my readers, but it being my first journey on W in I ^'^IfV n -^ ■I I ■ j6 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY this Dominion, and the peculiarities and the incidents made such an inde- lible impression on my mind as to make it impossible to suppress it in this quiet narrative. Roderick Stewart, Robert Reid and George Bayne had the best of farms. The Richmond Road ran through Mr. Stewart's, The city has grown out on the Reed property as Rochesterville. The Experimental Farm has absorbed the Lewis and Kennedy lands, those owned by Donald and Alexander Kennedy, or a portion of all these. Sensible men a.sk what the Dominion Government have to do with agriculture, more than with education or the sale of liquor ? Let the provincial governments deal with it as with the others. It is one of the usurpations submitted to so cheerfwlly, by the large following of Sir John A., elected on the occasion, when the people were smitten with political blindness, and seemed to follow wherever he pointed his wand. That Government did usurp the right to sell licenses, till snubbed by the Privy Council. Its successors, now in the agonies of conflict, to coerce in education, Mani- toba would stick at nothing in that line. We have carefully consulted the farmers on every side; they are unanimous in their opinion, that it is an experiment ten times more costly than profitable, that it serves neither for ornament nor use, but only to assist in beggaring the people. No practical farmer can adopt its plans, unless he has an income behind it to carry out the projects, and then he would be the loser every year. A gentleman from Quebec said he need not take home his horses after they stood some hours in the equi-palatial stables of the Experimental as he would not be able to get them to enter their own poor establish ment under the whip. Sell the farm, and pension the experimenters, who would never earn their salt on that place. John Bower Lewis could not make his farm pay, under the careful management of Thomas Clarke, and several good hands employed with him, and gave it up after making some loss, by his finest of shorthorns and sheep and other stock. To get the plainest living off a farm now, yoa must work it yourself, at the rate of fourteen hours a day. The day may come when tampering with agriculture by the Dominion gov- ernment to make place, office and salary will be cheerfully abandoned, Mr. Stevensons' place lies next the Experimental Farm. It is now thi^ property of Mr. and Mrs. McTierney, daughter and son-in-law of Mr. Stevenson. Mrs. Stevenson is still alive, residing with her youngest daughter and husband, Mr. Stewart Rev. Mr. Whillins lives opposite Mr. McTierney, on the upper end of the Stewart farm. Mr. Shillington has Johnston Brown's old farm and orchard. Messrs. Whyte, Taylor, Caldwell, Scotts, Booth, Baynes, Nelsons, Olmsteads. Nesbitts, Clarke's, Hopijers, Moffats, McFarlaiids, all good farmers, are largely in the milk business. John Dawson, nephew of the old bachelor pioneer, has taken great interest in municipal affairs, and with his sons, has recently bought out the store of the late George Arnold, of pleasant memory, who had kept it for, say fifty years. John Robertson began a store there, and one of his daughters kept it for some time. Kenneth McKaskill held it a time, and went from it to Stittsville, to the store built by Howard & Mr. Arnold rebuilt after the calamitous fire of 1870, facing the west instead of the north as formerly. His sons have sold to the Dawsons HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY 57 tnd live in the city. The old stone church (Presbyterian) seems tcliave been all that escaped the fire. The people took refuge in it, and held it some days till they made provision for buildin<7 again. The first ses- sion was composed of Geo. Arnold, Thomas McKay Robertson and Hugh Gourlay. The latter went to the Carp session, Robert Moody was chosen after Mr. Arnold. The church was a union of Presbyterians, Episcopalians, and Methodists. The subscription showed what each gave, so that if necessary, each could claim the principal without inter- est. Subscribers have lots in the yard ten by twenty feet, non subscrib- ers could purchase such at ten dolUrs. It was not a mine of wealth like Beechwood. The union worked a lonpf time, but broke up at length, without quarrelling at least openly. The worst elements prevent the union in the church. Good Christians should not suffer this. Are the evil elements necessary ? Is division a necessity ? Should the love of truth and honesty not pervade all men ? Election to office slinuld give a deeper sense of responsibility. Virtue is more honorable than vice, self-denial than indulgence, benevolence than selfishness. Election to office fills some with pride, self-conceit, arrogance, to en- able them the better to oppress, plunder, tyrannise and ruin, and haughtily, live on the earnings of their down-trodden fellowmen. Arc the clergy and legislators to be the leeches of society, casting aside the fear of God, and making void the offires he has appointed for the well being of his intelligent creatures, and which such appointees ought honestly and truthfully to fill ? Are the most untruthfi.l the most dis- honest to fill our parliaments and our pulpits? What is to become of the nation if its leaders, are lovers of lies, wealth, strangers, brandy and wine; covetous, addicted, to every kind of immorality ? They teach lies, legislate the public money into the pockets of those who have not earned it, and act generally as if they had a license to violate all laws of God and man. "The curse of the Lord is in the house of the thief." Must our earthly gods so demean themselves, that the wicked curse them, and the good dare not defend them, without making themselves an abomination to the Lord. When they make themselves despicable ? What are men to do? Copy theii example we dare not nn pain of per- dition. Men who have ''no fear of God before their eyes," are not ex- emplary before their nation. These men and their admirers and sup- porters generally, realise that their destruction cr.ines from themselves, that fire comes out of the bramble and devours the cedars. David ex- presses himself thus, in dealing with his valient, fearless, but unscrupu- lous commander of the forces : "Let there not fail from the house of Joab, him that hath an issue, or that is a leper, or that leaneth on a staff, or that falleth by the sword, or that lacketh bread." ' ^ ,How they denounce the minister that touches these offenders. He is no Christian. He is ignorant of the Scriptures. Vile slanderer. Is it slander to speak the truth ? Is it just to suppress the truth by keep- mg silent ? Must true men by lying, cover the wickedness of bad men ? This would be charity with a vengeance. When an M. P. tells you, re- garding the proposal of one on the side of his opponents to improve any ti'ing, ne is not .sinccic, he does not rneiui it. i o you rwt conclude that the man is showing himself, speaking what he has learned from his own party. Suppose the whole is acting, and only to j;et money, if the man 11 ri Mi ^ r 5d HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLETT and his dishonest gains perish together, where is the profit ? You say, it serves such people right that choose such a "Ben Bakar" to represent them in church or state. True perhaps. But the deterioration goes on for an age, morals are obliterated, poverty reigns, ignorance and vice are enthroned, falsehood and injustice triumph. For a remedy, let the dolt of a do little clergyman study. Let the thieving politician restore just what he took, not even two fold. Let both be truthful and honest and society will soon begin to prosper. The bad example of these is the plague of leprosy, that contaminates the multitude, that brings loath- some death to the unthinking and the unwary. The bribers and the bribed, should be marked out and not permitted either to get or give a vote for have a life time. The minister who employs his congregation four or five nights in the week in formal routine meetings, instead of Pursuing their industry, and reading and collecting information, whilst e leisurely writes and reads them, the popular themes on Sunday, should be sent to Georgia to hoe corn and raise melons. These are the jurors that pronounce a case "guilty but not proven." These are the men that extract the sting from religion to malce it so pleasant that all men speak well of them. Our politicians have contrived to multiply departments, that are of no advantage to the governed, model farms, that waste our means w'';h- out returning an equivalent, models that could not be copied, except as fancy farms, by gentlemen of great wealth, who are not to the fore, or exceedingly rare, and who benefit only a few employees. The people are led by the nose for years then cursed for sending such representa- tives to the legislatures of their country. The pressure of these times will cause rnen to think and act. Reformation not revolution is now an absolute necessity. The observance of the one may save us from the other. The multiplication ot departments is the extention of patronage and the increase of supporting voters. The salaries of Government members and employees are out of all proportion with the salaries or earnings of the people who are taxed to make up these high salaries, The salaries of the legislative and the executive, the employees and fees of the professions must be lowered, their numbers diminished and ] economy pursued or the country grown so large headed and top heavy ; will topple over and become a ruin. The early U. E. L. settlers were j largely soldiers or sympathisers with them, the disbanded soldiers were the other large element in the population. Out of these arose the faniily j compact. That has degenerated into despots and slaves, millionaires \ and paupers. Can these glaring facts be denied or explained away ? Could any one believe, that in a half century, such political and re- ligious degeneracy could take place, had his own eyes not witnessed it?| The high-handed thefts are no longer concealed, cabinet ministers de- fend them, and declare they would repeat them. This is a lamentable I piece of our history. Let it be hoped it will never repeat itself here again. Maiw of the liberty-loving pioneers never anticipated this de-j generacy. They came in one by one, or sometimes in small companies, j and took lot after lot, resolved on making a living, by good, honest in- dustry, voluntarily supporting their little schools, improving their roads] and cio5sia"\" iug Dno^cs as tncy ccuio, urging SitU iSDv/uniig lu iiwCj."! taxation wiihin reasonable bounds. In this they succeeded^ but to ij HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY fatal consequences. We can name severll 1 ^S"^"" y°""? ^«""try i„ thongh these men have been in th^ n!f ^ • condition of thin rg The present tone of the commnn.>- "".'^^'''ty »" the Ottawa Valhv' methods of plunde^rSt'stb^arn Zoned Thir ^"Z"^'-^-" ^^aUh .Se- lected to be our standard-bearers that t^l^^^^ men must be se- plundered is not a virtue. ^'^^^ tamely submitting to be insulted a.,d South of Bell's Cornpr<! A», stf ., the most prominent maTasm^'L^?'f''f''^^^^^^ power avJ i^^ all. and^hose hca"rt';:L!rsi;^,^rrs LifhS ^"' ^f-^' ---'^" have sept for years, but it docs s good l^^^^^^ clear. His aslics mony to his undoubted talents and ^re^I^lV''" "^^^^ *^ ^^^' ^ true testi- mony to^is undoubted tln'^ and ^ro.'^^ '' "^^'^ ^^^^ ^^ b^'^-" son was born in Perthsh re ScoS c anf^'"". ""V^- J°'^" ^^^bcrt- and took up the land now occTnlvH^L?'?,!".^."^^^? ^h's country in 1827, and took up th a^Tnow occ^^^^^^^ ^^ --« to this 'cou^t ; inTs v son. Some^f his son^aTe deceased mat tT' ^^'1^'' ^'^'y ^^^bori ^er. gave early signs of the greatest nS/"f ^^'^ ''^.'^'''' Ebcnc man raised great expectations In his^pS.mt" ^ b"«'"-'^« spared, we believe he would have fullv m.f "'^'' '^^"'^' ^^^ he b.. .1 th,^lof of him to his father was frrSaWe T^ ^^^^'^d^^'" ^^ ^^^"^ 1 killed that man of great mind W?do not' -i prostrated and nearly ,^7 that John Robertson had no defects or^ ^P^^kmg thus to to a thmUg mind the excellencies hfdtho Zl . ^^" r '"^" ^ave). Rut cur to such to hunt them up Somi^ifo^^'^f''^^' ^^ would never oc- ofthem. But they had the^r own defeS IS^ "^^^^ "^"^'h could not lay claim to one tithe of hfJf^ "^ blemishes, whilst they not like him, though a dSant cnnn.l.- "^^'u^ ^^"'"S- I^''^^ wife was telli.^ent kind-heafted. well" nfZed " S^ ^'' T "" ^^^^ ^^« <^«oJ.^-n- thcusand. John Robertson d.ed about ^880^°°*^' " ^^'"^'^ ^"^0"^ » He.snCt7rngVno:,';hr£^^^^^^ g" tj.e fine old homestead. But m my estimate heJs a well balanced ^^n^./"^ statement of mine, gcnious or tentative as his father but f^: Ir^^^^ '"^"' ""^ perhaps .so in- 1-beral minded, and sincerely upS ^S> h^'T''- ^^' ^' ki'Hl-hcarted. vv.sh some children, modest Hke^Self "he o'nlvn""" u'^"^' ^ ^^"''o^-^'- housekeeper, and the boys excellent woVl.° ^" admirable son, died ere he reached his manh^L ^ °" ^he farm. Gcorve one ffPt store for some time arB^en?ro?ner?':^^^^^ yo-gcst brother! U. S. Mr Robertson had two dauSite;. o *''*'" ^'^''^ ^o Oregon married Wm. Goodfellow. I was n of en ?"^ ""'^^ '"''y <'a'>- She with her sister Marv She w-.^!. ^\ so well aquainted with her as ful girl in the OttaS^a coun^r^" Sh"e married M^r T ''' ')? ^^ ^^^ borer. .Id a widower, with afamily^TsTnfan^a^i^^u^l/l^r^ll^ Mr. Brown lived but a cVi-i-f ^- 1 w.th one bright boy, an nfani then"'hnl^^T^^'' '?^^^'^''"' ^O""?? widow pn-sing Eb. Brown erocernf S' ^"^^ "^^o developed into the entcr^ t!'^'J'^^ and'.JoC^ Ve' lat^rtafrS^..^!-Ji-- had^^; lumberers. Mrs. Brown, after they lived in the region of White Lake a number of years, married the widJiter; 60 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. Wm. Pollock, and has a large family of sons. Mr. Pollock died in 1892. We have regarded Mrs, Pollock as a woman of rare excellence, highly gifted, full of good sense, and good works. John Robertson, of whose family we have spoken nothing but truth, of whose good qualities we had the most intimate knowledge, began his life in Canada, after mak- ing a little home for his family in Nepean, as an overseer of the works of the Rideau canal. Thomas McKay and John Redpath, of Montreal, had the contract, and from their knowledge of Mr. Robertson's engineer- ing skill, employed him. The Perth silk-weaver soon showed his acquaintance with mason work, and brought the canal eventually to a grand success. Redpath and McKay had to cart home, in Mexican silver half dollars, etc., their part of tho profits of the contract. Robertson had only good wages and a name worth much, and some experience. After the canal was finished, Mr. Robertson began storekeeping and lumbering. His acquaintance with the Gilmours was of service to him. He often spoke of them with a warmth of affection you would hardly credit to a cool Scotchman. The field of his operation was on the Boncchcre, west of the Round Lake. He has told us of losing himself in hunting groves and repeating aloud the Psalms, his heart beating to the sentiments they contained, and believing that his voice was more likely to chase the wild animals than attract them. This would occupy his attention till he came on some road or trace that led him to the shanty. He never was out over night. His accounts of the Gilmours gave me a fine impression of them before our acquaintance was made. 13ut whatever Mr. Robertson did in other lines, he w as intensely interested in farming. He had great Eotash works, turned the leached ashes on the land, then dry ashes, uying from everybody around. One poor fellow lost his life walking into the hot lye. He was rescued, but lived only a few hours. Agricultural chemistry (Johnston's) he had almost in his memory. He bought up almost everything printed in English or French on agriculture. He sent to London, England, for a ton of sulphate of ammonia for plant food on the farm or as a fertilizer. He under drained so much that some American, visiting the place, pre- dicted that when large clearings would be made, his land would be use- less in drought. He concluded the fulfilment of such predictions must be far, far away. Three large hemlock poles made the piping for his first drains, and he discovered 23 years after, that when he cut through one, the poles were fresh and peeled like as if they had been cut in June. Then he sawed plank to make boxes, two on edge, 3 inches by i^ and the cover 6 by 13^ nailed on. Others hollowed out the drain bottom and laid pieces, split like shingles, and a foot long, across; the ends rest- ing on the bank, then covered all in. At length tiles came. My brothers have many drains with pieces across the earth hollowed out below for the water to run. Cheese making claimed his attention later, at which with 60 or 70 cows he was a success. He followed it up scien- tifically, found that ten pounds of milk made one pound of cheese, twent> -five pounds of nfilk, one pound of butter. We have had no end Oi auvicc irom th-c- cai;inet rrrin Hvers to go into rnixcu larrrung us if they knew anything about it or as if it were something they had just dis- HISTORY OF TUB OTTAWA VALI F 6i covered. Such insincerity seems to pass current and serve their pur- pose and keep the shams in perpetual power. John Robertson had anticipated all this and fifty years ago de- clared it openly as nothinjj new. The hired ^^irls milked 60 cows and Mr. and Mrs Robertson made the cheese. A visit to his farm forty five years since would have shown these lawyer-farmers the practical work- ing of what they have only read in periodicals. He kept so carefully accounts of all his outlay on the whole crops of the farm, that he could by a look at his books, give you at once a statement of what every hun- dred pounds cost that grew or was raised on the whole farm. He was very successful in the application of liquid manners, dropped or run from a barrel on his root crops. Ensilage and mixed grasses were the only things of our day that he had not tested. A description of the flora and fauna is not to be neglected in the history of any land, but the success of its hard working and close continuous thinking', and maturing plans for the performance by its people ought to be recorded for the benefit of posterity. We owe so much to the thinking men and women, as binds us to cherish their memory, and note their modes of successful action and operation. His land was swamp and had to be raised by drains that doubled its value. On returning home we discovered a whole cheese under the scat of our buggy. When speaking of it to his wife she said: "If ye hadn't been a favorite you would not have got it." Scotchmen are proverbial for the control of their emotions but he was a man of deep feelings. We have witnessed this on many occasions. But he disclaimed any sympathy when the terrible fire swept all his buildings and crops away. He said he had plenty in the bank. He never rebuilt the ruins. His religious views were clear and well defined, that in believing and giving credit to the truth that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners, our sins are forgiven in his substitutionary suffering.s, and that we begin our life of righteousness from our forgiveness — that the invisible spirit leads us in that life of obedience — that the uncreated One is infinite in love, power, goodness, etc., carrying out his*^lans, in his works of crea- tion and providence and redemption; extending to every thing even the minutest in creation. But with this strong stand on the divine side, he was equally clear on the human side, holding that our responsibilities, to care, labor, and exertion, can never be shaken off; that every thing of duty within the bounds of human possibility should be performed. This is the creed of millions and should be that of the race. The Thompsons had to remove boulders for fences and drains, and level down hills and fill hollows, to make their lands the beautifiul level fields that almost smile in your eyes as you pass them. The Davidsons, Nesbitts, Grahams, Gourlays, Richardson, Morgans, Grants, Hartins, Bradleys, and a thousand others, had soils ready to the plow, more easily cultivated, in some cases richer in quality; but John Robert- son, with his low level, stiff, clay soil, was at once the mo.st scientific, and the most successful agriculturist in the Ottawa Valley / The disas- trous fire of 1870, that ran over fourteen townships, swept away from Ut,^ 1.1.-. 1-1 _f - 1. •/•-*.! tt:- - I - - J- : 1 II- 1 ..."'. :j!ii: iiic liiuwis ui ii lUCLililC nio oplCIIUiU UWCiJing HOUSC, Witu DaiTiS, ftables, feeding houses of every kind, were consumed; all save his live biock that roamed over unfenced fields, green turnips, crop plots, potato \% !; mmm mmm \'1 i ll ! I I ( 6a HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. fields, in that August drought, maddened with the pain of being un- milked for days as we saw them, and heard their bellowing groans that moved our pity to beg the hi ed girls, whom we met as we drove past, to milk them, for once on the ground, promising them pay for their trouble. We are always sorry to see these ruins as we pass, they wake VjP.f,'' J!?*"y °^^ associations and reflections. Between Honeywells and ii?ii? ^^rP*''^' 'o*" several years the only settlers were, Capt. Le Breton William Bell, Sergeant Vincent, Mr. Bearman, grandfather of the pres^ ent generation, with his good old lady, both a little inclined to Quakeri- son, and Robert Boyd, carpenter, a thin line drawn o.t scarcely within hearing distance of each other by the sound of a long tin horn. Nepean township covered the site of the city before there was a city, town or village. The first Mrs- Honeywell taught school for the very few families then in the place. Burrows seems to have taught a kind of military school for the children of the people under Col By who was a kind of governor, in his little coterie. But the first school- nouse was raised near Robertson's as he boarded the teacher or teach- ers free of cost for years. We remember he proposed to spend what he would have to pay in board, for his two grandsons, W. Goodfellow and EbenezerB. Brown at Ottawa, if we could procure him a fit teacher and add this to his salary in the section. We sent him the man and he was there over twenty years. Stories were told of a wooden church built and supplied at his own expense by a Mr. Burroughs, who was pious and preached free, a plan that highly recommends itself at this day could it be carried out. There was a lull in the canal works and Redpath and McKay built, with the idle men, the first stone church where St Andrew's now stands. The locks a;'d bridge were finished betore we saw the country in 1833, and a litt." graveyard lay about where the church stands with a road lying south around it. But Hull was the graveyard for years, at the first for both sides. McKay was an elder respected highly in the church, and we often met John Redpath in synod; a very strong man. He afterwards went into the refining of sugar and left great riche# Thomas McKay Was afterwards an Honor- able in the legislature of the provinces. Rev. McKenzie, of Williamstown, seems to have been the first Protestant or Presbyterian minister that preached in Bytown. He also baptised Thomas Robinson, the first boy born and baptised in the little village. Mrs. Friel, daughter of Daniel O'Connor, afterwards county treasurer was the first girl born in Bytown. Lyman Perkins built his first blacksmith shop beside the little graveyard, and Donald McLeod built his in the country, beside Francis Davidson's, east of the stoney swamp. .The Catholics working on the canal, formed a settlement and bulk a cnurch farther east, near the present Methodist and Presbyterian church. South of Mr. Robertson's were two very unassuming farmers James Mcintosh and Francis Abbott, The former left early the latter raised a large family of sons and daughters. The sons located in various places and followed various occupations. One daughter married Mr John Nelson, a very strong farmer in Nepean on the Rideau. Their - — - — — .!.,,,..,...^, 1,, i/ij3t'j;, v^-ucuct province, me family, so numerous, were very musical in y^u'^hfu! d!<y!, Mr. Marsden " old salt that escaped from his ship and went round teaching vocal an '*-*'«■ -^■*^«w- HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 63 .,r«.bl.pl.a,a„, family, ,h. Usrof :"gh"„".'^- ^"^ ""= ' ""^ like to u« ,h/," '"' 'fT^'" 'J^"f". "« RW"" "■>»'■ Frank-w. been ISs'lrTan"; ^Lra'd'nlSr a''nl!,r' »'';«'--=''. - "a^ • long and haonv caii^f ™. " anything else, and we wish thee would not aLSte with theeTnth^UoK /"m**.' "' those days that we men in his employ so^hatvou^^ patronized mostly his country- several Enelisnfa'l^?t, In fv^^ "'"^ "^^ '^ y""-' y°""S ear distinguish nia of (Tdav •« a smal Ir "ersfde?^^^^^^ "'^ "^ *'^" '^'^"^^- »"t^"- «ort to for fresh air^nik^u '^^JJ*'*^ '^^'=^*' distinguished citizens re- byterian: HeTumt'd Td'L'/ "{f ^^^^ "^^^ HenryVarran. a Pres- that he was a s^fe nHnf ?1 °°" ^^"c"'*' '° acquainted vvith the river whose sister in W' was M?f T^n^ "^^"Z u""'^' ^^"^"^^ Courtnev. shoe store busin ss fn MontSl Ted" el^^of^W '^^ ^'"^'JT I? '^^ Bshop. father of Mr R ho^ I? uV i- ^' °*^ Warren, and Henry. : sandsfone qua. -'>s ou^ ofTh.Vh "'"^*"".'''^;\^^^ ^ ^"^ Pl^^^ ^"d parliainentlnd other buildrnrs of r/ -f""^ °^ ^5" decoration of the tw.en Courtnevt a^d PoH', Th T-^ ^^' produced, which lay be- vidsons. Their des"enck ?. 1. J^*" Jierneys settled west of the Da- tins very beautif,f?.?f^^^ horses and cultiva- I hip Com-na f . ^^'ul^'l^^^^ P'*=^^*"t «°"thern slope of the town- u„ yh^oi i: ™r i"a;rrrsup:.in'tSm""°"^ "= "" '""' '" ^ -"■■ iiiori. Urators of tK/» no^-'u """"'i — "'- "-^ ' J=^!s^ii-.augueiiuc extrac- bench for te^fcrai^^ T^ pr^i^T'^'^u^' ''^*= ^"^'^ ^^^.«"J on the lor generati^. The Plunketts. father, sons and grandsons, have * I HISTORY OF THB OTTAWA VALLEY. developed well their fai ii, built good structures on it, and now furnisbi milk for city use, whilst John, one grandson, is making himself a tuiraej and a place in the grocery business on Wellington street. Close by hinii lived a Frenchman, Antoine I^moine, an honest enterprising fellow! who married Miss Mary, eldest daughter of Thomas l^ng. He bccamel a Presbyterian with his wife, and raised a family of fourteen prospcrou^ sons and daughters, two of whom are wives of two cousins, Nesbittj,| The Lemoine boys, of say a dozen, all except one or two, stayed in the country, and have done much for its prosperity. Some of them art! now in the United States. Several brothers of the Nesbitts, who raised large families, occupy a great space of the country in their de cendants, who have built fine durable stone houses and raised fine anij mals John Nesbitt, who lived to be very aged, was long an elder iij the church. John Clarke, some of whose sons ate there and a multitude of grandj sons, was long an elder. One son, John, was a great lover of horsiflcslj in Clydesdale and American blood; enriched the people and himself hf the great improvement in stock. The late Mr. Reilly of Richmoni^ and the father of the writer, did also contribute largely to the improvn ment of horses in the Ottawa valley from the days of Farmer and 1 liirl man of Hull. Stewart is now Hull's greatest horseman. John Thom|j son, James Davidson, John Clarke, Wm Gourlay, Richard Kidd, Tho Graham, Hugh Gourlay, John B. Lewis and Thomas Clarke, havedurii^ 40 years contributed the most to increase the value of shorthorns and I develop and popularize the Durhams as a valuable, profitable rare « cattle. Didsberry, an Englishman, first introduced the stock on tiJ Ottawa. Hon. Thomas McKay, Wm. Byers, John Gourlay and aftj him Hugh Gourlay and Allen Grant have done most to popularize tij valuable milking race, the Ayrshires. Plantagenet and Ramsay yearly present fine specimens of AyrshiJ stock, whilst the M. P. for Russell, Mr. Edwards, has perhaps the bef lot of Durhams now in the whole Ottawa Valley. Twenty-five or thirt years ago Robert Kenney of Hull, sustained for years the highest repj tation in Durham stock and long wooled sheep. In this latter aitici John Nesbitt, known as Lord John, was among the first to raise loj wooled sheep of good size and quality. John Thompson, Hugh Goi lay, Samuel Sisson, Thomas and Wm. Graham, William Gourlay 1 Fitzroy, Robert Alexander's sons and a few others have been the leal ing sheep risers and with Robert Kenny of Hull, and Wm. Kciripj Goulbourn, have all expended time and money and pains to prodi^ the best in Cotswolds, Leicescers, Lincolns, and the families of downs. Merivale is not a village but a succession of fine farm housj John Nesbitt is now dead. Robert Baine, who is an elder, is a gri milkman, with a great family. One son is a mmister in Ashton, was a medical student and died at college in Montreal, very muchl gretted as a fine young man. The late Thomas Clarke, son of Clarke, was a very successful stock man, took greai interest in thcaffj of the township and county, and left a large family. James Caldf has been a very eminent and successful man as farmer and milkn His parents we're most highly -especced for hone.sty, piety, good citizj ship and general exceiloncy. The family have all been pdlars in HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY <55 Methodist church, and oneof tht most musical families In the land; th«y succeeded the Campbells now of Campbell's Bay, on their lands (n iluntley. The late John Bovce was long a teacher of the first order in the Mcrivaleschoolhouse, leaves a large family of enterprising people be- lind him. He also took a great interest in municipal affairs. About fitty years ago a Presbyterian church of sided logs was built in the centre of that rich settlement, and after occasional supplies for some time, the first mmistcr ordained at Ashton, April, 185 1, was installed there and for 17 years, ministered to the people with some degree of ac- ceptance and success. Many were added to the church, and five young men, vvho are talented and acceptable preachers in the church, were from that field. Many of the young men of those families in that field are good farmers, mechanics, merchants, and professional men. Their present pastor is the second they have had in forty yea.s. Bell's Cor- ners, a part of the charge, has some faithful people, long ruled by Elder 'acorge Arnold, who is no more among them. T. Robertson and Mr Moody are now their elders. The whole congregation is most flourish- ing with a fine new church in Merivale, and the old stone church at the corners is still true to the old Presbyterian cause. Mr. Wbillans has another station with a little church on the Rich- mond Road, about three miles out of town, a little west of the John Honey farm, formedy that of Peter Aylen, whose P. A. V. still shows his mark on the stone barn. This is a fine plain between the two lines of railway, the C P. R. and the Parry Sound. Peter Aylen was a great liunberer and long known as king of the shiners. Peter, went afterwards to Hull, and was a specialty as a gardener, farmer, architect, and great enjrrafter and budder in the orchard line. This family consisted of three sons and a danghter. Two of them were lawyers, one a doctor. Peter iTiarried the eldest daughter of the late C. Symmes, Esq., and their fam- ily of sons are in prominent places, one being like his father very distin- guished in the law. The late Peter Aylen was a man ol fine parts, of liberal education, a kind-hearted warm friend. His wife, is a sober-minded well-balanced superior women of excellent taste and refinement. Hon. James Skead built a great steam saw mill on the river side west of Aylen's old place, and carried on business for some time in lum- ber. Botn he and his brother Robert lumbered extensively and were of great service to the country. James was a very honorable man in- dependent of his title as a mrfnber of theTcgislative council. His on'v son married Miss Moore, daughter of David Moore of Hull, the wealthi- est lumberman on the Ottawa, next to James McLaren. The rest of his faniily were daughters, all beautiful. The eldest was Mrs. Wright Iheir fine residence attracted the attention of all passers on the Aylmer road One of Mr. Robert Skead's sons married Miss Brough and went to Manitoba. Another married Miss Munroe, the handsome daughter ot a Presbyterian clergyman in the caste n provinces, and is now encaeed and in mica minlrj^on the Gnlineai'. ^nnf^^er ?on rrmVes in the cit\ It^^"' J great fntercst in the welfare of the church of which he is an es- •-CCireu ;i:ejiiucr ana ciacr, aiso an employ of the Government. A . " ^^ ^°^^ leading to March Meisrs. George Oaks, William Purdie Andrew Graham, lumberer, Thomas and John Graham, farmers. The %i i . e6 HISTORY OF THE OTTAW'* VALLEY. former told the boj's tbat he brouj^ht fifty pounds worth of fish hooks from Ireland wiien he came out, of course he could have matched Lord Stanley of Preston. John Ncsbitt, farmer, one of the finest horsemen, (called Lord John), was married to a Miss Davidson and had a large family of sons an-.i dauj^hters. One son lives in the old homestead, mar- ried to a Miss Humphrey's. One li\ cs in Torbolton, married to a Miss Watts. One resides near Richmond. They are all well-doin[T, manag- ing farmers. One daughter is Mrs. VV. McBride, another is Mrs. David Wilson, and Mrs. Wm- Gourlay of P'itzroy is another. They are all in most respectable circumstances. The youngest son of the last marriage is Mr. Colburn Ncsbitt of Aylmer, Que., whose wife is a Miss Pritchard, very prosperous in their affairs One of the Shouldice family lives west of Mr. Nesbitt and with Mr. Christian, fills up to the Messrs. Beatty at the town line of March. Be- tween Mr. Hugh Bells, which escaped the fire with the church, and Mr. Chapman's, east of, the stoney swamp, a long thick bush, regarded as little worthless frog ponds, and swales, with stones protruding through whatever soil was not under, and even what was under water, the tim- bers swamp, elm, cedar, balsam, hemlock and small spruce unattractive. Next to this the David.son settlement, where Mr. Francis Davidson with his large family of sons and daughters had large possessions and lum- bered extensively for years. Mr. Samuel Davidson took an active part in the direction of affairs in the township, being Reeve for many years, arid of much value in the county council. They were all good farmers, with the best of land and the purest stock in cattle, sheep and hogs. Samuel and Hugh married sisters, daughters of Mr. John Bell, merchant from Clonis, Cavan, Irclan*. James married a Miss Alexander and they had a large family of sons and daughters. The eldest daughter is Mrs. Thomas Graham, her husband being the eldest son of Mr. John Graham, P. M., of Huntley. Some of the others are married in the city, as Mrs. Champhness whose husband is in the customs of Her Majesty in the city; some of the sons are farmers. Mr. Samuel Davidson's soas are druggists and dentists, in good practice here. Mr. Francis Davidson belonged to a very respect- able family in the north of Ireland, some of his brothers talented Presby- terian ministers. Beyond this seitlement are Mackeys and Eadies. AH these with their numerous neighbors contributed to the development of the country and the formation of society in the first half, especially the second quarter of the pres. nt century. Ivlr. Peter Campbell built a large stone house on the 2nd concession, Ottawa front, the best then in the whole range, as the shanties began to be replaced, and was a resident for many years. The house is now in the possession of one of the Honeywells. Mr Jonn, son of Wm. Bell, married a Miss Campbell. Opposite Mr. Citm;)be" on Ricitau fiontowelt Mr Dan Hobbs, with a large family of son.-, huo daughters One daughter married James Hogg a Scot, who wiih tiiC brotlitrs-in law, all powerful young men, got into frequent conflicts wiiii liic Shiner? (iealt and receiv^ed many a heavy blow in these encvvmucrs. The Siiiners were rafts.-^en, chiefly Irish, em- ployed in the luniOir, rough an-.l ready for a conflict when mellowed v/ith poteen. 'Ihty croppci.: the cars offa horse belonging to Mr. Hobb.s, that might be sten iriiuy a year olitr oaihe highway bearing the marks HISTORY or THE OTTAWA YAU-Bt ^ of these Vandals. They had to waHc frem the foot ap to the ke«d of *e rapids in running their timber cribi, and were opmi for a challenge nmy James Hogg who was fierce as an eagle and fearless as a Hon, wm living near by and on hand to help to settle scores with the Shinew Ihese latter were in such bad order that many another daring spirit ^^^' P^I/l" *° ^^^^ *° ^'^^ * S°°*^ account of them when not too numw- ous. When whiskey was in they were not much in the habk of reckoa- ing numbers on either side. In summer time the river wa« neady covered with rafts, that were being taken to Quebec, each havinff ite svvarm of hands, in some cases all the crew, Shiners, as they got on better alone than mixed, for they regarded the French, though co-religioni«ti. as a kind of rivals that must be looked after and kept in bounds, as well as the landlubbers round these rapids or in the villages on the river. Bernard Hughes had a large family pe^jably disposed, avoiding t!ie Shiners and mixing themselves up in no quarrels. Mesa pork sometime* sold from forty to even fjfty dollars a barrel, and the story was told of a farmer who had purchased a large stock of herrings in barrels, which he fed very freely to his men on the farm. The thing, to use the western phrase, became monotonous. Remonstrances were made in vain against using them so often. One of the hands got a newspaper, a rare thing at that time, and folding up a rusty herring, started to show it to Judge Armstrong highly esteemed as one of our finrt Judges, an honest paiiw- taking gentleman. The employer followed the man, begging, entreating then energetically remonstrating with him to return as they neared t& Jiioges p.ace ; On one condition would he return, provided a weather was killed and the provisions diversified. They went on a little farther and the farmer at length gave in. They returned, the ftit sheep was clT'^d ff ^""^ it cooked for the evening meal, and the strike was de- Two brothers, Plunkett, one the grandfather of John, the merchant on Wellington street, got their kinda in Nepean. Near the Plunketts were the Switzers, one of whom is a merchant now in town. The Evans ot whom a son is storekeeping in Rochesterville, and a sister has prop- erty in quarry hme and stone. The oW gentleman is yet living who seemed to be a middle-aged man fifty years ago. He tells me he has a cousin a Jiishop. Hw family were very intelligent and cultivated. M Ju ^ ^^^'i.^, ^^'"''y ^^ ^'°''* ^y' °"« o^ ^'hom was the second wife of Mr. rhomas Clarke, a fine wife and mother. One son, William, lived up the Gatineau, married a Miss Gibson of Masham. They were a nice family. A half sister, Mary Jane Lark, lived in our house for years an upright girl, and came back with her husband to get married by me a«- Ayimer, she died in middle life. Mr. John Boyce was one of the early teachers in Menvale, as they now term it was much interested inmunici- pa affairs afterwards. His family occupy good positions as able and independent farmers. Between 1828 and 1833 Hugh Bell, the O'Grady's ^^corge Sparks, John Da\ id.son, Timothy McCarthy. John Tiem^-v. Ld MHkuni McLeod, blacksmith, came to their lands. The writer in the atlas says, there were only five schools in the county in 1833, but he must have been misinformed. There were two in Huntley that year i^mm i6 HISTOKY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY two in March, one tanjrht by Mr. Bishop, grandfather of the Lawyer Bishop, and one at (apt. Stnjets. ^ III Ncpcan, there was one at Mr. John Robertsons, and one irt the villat>c of Uytown. Besides Mrs. Honey veil taught ill her owrt house. Preacher Jones tauj^ht and preached in his first shanty irt North Gower, and the lUirriits settled at the rapids about three or four years before the end of i8oo, and had children born there irt the last century, one of whom at fourteen taught school and he was the second teacher they had. Then a Miss Burritt wa? u tutor in Mr. Braddish Billings and, a very young girl at that time, and the children of the surrounding fami- lies were included in the little school. Then Mr. Shirriff had one taught at the Chats which made eleven in 1833, for Mr. Shirrifif had removed from there to By town to the Crown Timber office before 1833. It is a poor method of writing history if you have any regard for truth, to sit down in your easy chair and correspond with people at a distance for your material, to construct your work for posterity. Mc- Leods, Mowatts, Hamils, Steinsons, Colwels, Lemoines, and some others filled up to the border along Rideau front. After the canal was finished, many went and settled east of Davidson's settlement, and built the Catholic church clo.se to which, and almost together stand a little Presbyterian and Methodist churches of brick, where one would do well were the people united. Along the Jock or Good Wood you meet Craigs, Monaghans, O'Mearas, Keives, Kilrays, Costalos, Cassidays and Conroys, Moylans, Quenlands and Watters, O'Grady's and Greens, lieffernans' Hoolaghans, Kelly's and McLaughlans, with many others who all set themselves to clear lands, build houses and fences, accord- ing to ilie order of the times. Beyond this circle were the Hawleys, Latimers, Henderson, Browns and Nesbitts. T. G. Anderson came to Bell's Corners, then to Hintonburgh; McDonalds, Bradleys, James Smith, the great horsebuyer. He was going to a fair at Bell's Corners, his man wanted to go and purchase a cow which he would not permit, but set him to plant a new kind of potatoes he had got. The nnan worked away doggedly, planted a good j)art, then buried the re.st in a pit, got to the fair and brought home his cow. James did not discover the thing till the mass of stalks discovered themselves by showing above ground, ai.Tost too late to dis- tribute them. The Lenaghans, Brennans, and Stapletons, moved in later. Mr. William Foster, whose son is a very successful tanner in the pretty village of Pembroke, resides here, whose brother Archibald Fo.ster of the city, was once in the same region. The Gormans, McLeods, were fond of good stock, Durhams and horses. Michael J.ong brought the Blacksmith McLeod a nice piece of wood to get made into a pretty sleigh tongue and well ironed. When he saw it finished he thought it was reduced too light and said he wanted it so strong and solid. McLeod cut a thick elm pole and ironed it with the back on, Mike cotisidcred it would be fit to draw masts with These were some of the jolly old stems from which tht^ seedlii.gs grew that cover so large a part of the happy, old, wealthy township of ._ II J ;_ , ^f ., iicpciin. now nianv uincrs, ins wcis «C3^ leave out for want of space ? The Roman Cat'MoiicS left the others far »« the reor, in the matter and buainese of cku*ck building. At Bell'» HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY 69 Comers they had a union church, but they are all separate now, and the Presbyter iins hold the old stone building which keeps to-ether but re- flects no credit on the builder. It was always connected with a church in the Ne^sbitt and Hopper settlement log at first, but replaced by a larger and better frame building with a good congregation They have only had two ministers in forty years, which speaks well for the people MnthT\ u ^^\?^^ SJ''^''' ^'"^ ^°"'' l^resbytcrian churches, four Methodist churches, three Episcopal churches and one Catholic church bchooi houses were mcreased, as the population demanded, sections were formed, intclIectuaK culture by good teachers, obtained, an, 1 en- joyed to gratification. There may be some danger of the teachers be- coming a guild and proposing certain courses that may not be the best for human development. If any peculiarity of our mind .should he neg.ected or not cultivated in the proper time and manner, the individ- ual is not permitted to be what he would be under a better ciiltinc I he greatest care .should be taken to let the min.i unfold whatever may be in Its nature rejecting the vicious. The endless school controversies are saoping the life of the community. We may yet have a government that will rigidly compel five and a half or six hours a day with three hours on Saturday to the branches of study, necessary, to a proper education in the common school. It is not the church; nor is the church the common school. There is no room for the distinction between the civil and sacred, or the sacred and secular, except what the clergy get up for a special purnose. If wc live move and have our existence in the Great ! Am which few will doubt or deny, then the boy is in his line of duty during his study of Arithmetic Geometry, and all mathematical science as far as the due proportion can be given them with a view to his calling for which he is beinc fitted and equipped as at his morning or evening or daily prayers. Is it not baneful that it is not so considered ? Is a religious education only con- sisting in the studies of the dogmas as they say of a particular sect then no wonder that our streets are vocal with neglected illbred children on Sundays. Their minds have not breadth, they are one sided and that often the worst side. Obedience is the first and most essential ihing or prin nple to be taught, nay impressed on the childmind else its days will be few and VICIOUS. Does our strife and quarrel arise from our clinging closely to the only rule of faith or our divergence from it to our ow^i' theories? Please reply. One man tells you there is no eternal punish- ment, another that there is no eternal happiness, but both are bvcned to the centre with the love of money and power. What care they tha' etcrnallife and eternal death are revealed in the like terms and 'would not, otherwise, have ever been discovered. Let them have rower to t>rannise over men s right and liberties and trample them under their cet. ihcse men are one sided, their education was neglected or mis- '"'■'^*.°-.,. The parents, the clergy, the educators, are under fearful re ^ponsibihties. The caricatures of humanity that ue produce in our ome schools and colleges, produce all the disorder we groan under keep mankind m the suds out of which they Jo not emerge like Wibcr- force (Soapy Sam) with clean hands. In Knf.!and il-.<* Feparing its own overthrow by a sccLarian schoolbill :'-fv;;i ii::; 13 as our govern- 'ill?:: n OB TUB OTTAWA VALLEY j! ' ii i!'; ' nent Is roeddfing to k» Wrt bjr the •soifMitfM of a Provincial right, ami it tak«s so long to correct bhindetB and make reflections to no just pur- pose. At the end of the wars with the French, they had given Napoleon Bonaparte, the renowned Corsican, and Emperor of the French, a safe retreat and comfortable lodgings at the expense of the English, in the Isle of St Helena, the large army was to be reduced to a peace footini^; so those troops, that had served on this continent, being the last en- listed into the service, were the first to be disbanded. Canada having come into the possession of the English, as a part of the conquest from the French, was to be colonized, and the regiments that had some notion of the country from their short residence in it seemed very willing to re- inain and settle on the free grants of land then given to ind,uce coloniza- tion, The officers and men of the 99th and the looth willingly accepted the grants as remuneration for the toils of soldiering, and with their pensions hoped to live comfortably and form a new community, a greater Britain under the old flag. So they chose Upper Canada, and were about to sail from Quebec, where they had been on duty for some time, when the Duke of Richmond then appointed Governor General of the new provinces sailed into that port. We had no Atlantic cable even in our dreams, no ocean greyhounds to wfcft intelligence as on the wings of the wind, some of us not then born. We can only imagine the excitement caused in the announce- ment by the Duke of Richmond himself, of his arrival, as the white sails wtre furled, and the anchor dropped in the roadsteads of the St. Lawrence, under the frowning guns of the great citadel. He was the first and so far only Duke appointed Governor. AH- was Richmond- Every hannlet even had a Richmond street and the soldiers sailing out were fuH of Richmond and determined with one consent to call their new prospective city Richmond..: The very young port they sailed into below the Chaudicre Falls was called Bellow's Landing, but this, they threw to the wild tempestuous winds, and called it Richmond landing. Here they moored their little boats and landed their families and house- hold goods (i. e., their knapsacks and carpet bags). The little store kent by Jehiel, son of Capt. Collins, furnished some things they required and they pitched their tents over the plain, known for some time as the Flats. Here was a collection of fine lat ies, many of them very fair; and gallant gentlemen. Among the many beautiful girls, perhaps the most beautiful was the then little Miss Hill, that afterwards was the pleasant wife of Edward Malloch, the M. P. for twenty years for "^arleton. These colonists did not seem to see any attraction in the suiroundings of the Chaudiere, a settlement where the city now stands. Most of the place was a cednr SM^amp, of deep, thick mud, so soft and vatery that the trees might be said rather to float than grow on it. T. M. Blasdell, Esq., tells us that there was fine duck shooting on the pond, or half lake, where Maria street crosses Lyon and Kent streets. He and a young friend had waited long one afternoon on the home-c:oming of the ducks, which for reasons unexplained, had prolonged the:r calls, but home they came at ' last, were sighted and shot accordingly. But before they had bagged " ni tkaif a ; nr rA\\ttrk»ii fel n«»m ouf s( -fi/ .A. ! ^■tes. Jiatan-iTirt^wr unlniiiiii y-ttfL.i..-M.'X-a£aa-:. 1 . ■^;.J4tkJAi_fci>„ HISTOKT OK THE OTIAVA VALLEV. fy r!^.'S"''';K''5*""'''''"°P''" "'«'";»"<' not ltnowinfr.which wav to We n^ver L.rH *° b^JJ'^^'^^d l^^fore they could be milked, of thrLvyn f ^''^ *^u'^ distinguished colonists chose the b't,ks arnved^?n th^ P'^f^r^rV^ '^'''' °^ ^^"^ R'-^^^" «^ the Ottawa. T) e v H.ll, they organized to cut the road from the Flat« the lL/„ „i'%V encampment to the Jock, ever since Zl a he r'c mond RoS'' bar, Hill McElroy, Spcannan, Mills. Fitagerald. VauLr'ian w th 'i Ir, ..^ and Enough were both teachers '^""^ Lots'^wlre"'e? aoa^r^f™ H ""t" °' '"= ^'"^-S' """ ''^ ""'i™".,. i^uis were set apart lor churches, graveyards iuan<n<i ,,o.- squares or parks^ all on a grand scale! Mallei ^a in 'he' boot'fnd hoe business. Hinton went to storekeeping. Malloch & Lvon of tit ctse^ ^fa»:s -= -:n::S:^SB^Fi Maxwell's stack made the sale the easier' ^mnr Z"" ""''^'^'^ ^^^ *''°'" .K.. N^ a «.U.d c^ry^an, aVJ^apt'^,at:.l ^^^^ pt^t^^ I) i! Ij at I r I' i ! i ? ? ? 1' » i J» HISTORY or THE OTTAWA VALLEY. {ncRned, acted m a kind of chaplain in the new school house and re;k<i them the church service. The Captain and Serjeant McElroy were boCh reliable gentlemen, as in boyhood we often heard Mr. Falls t'^p young surveyor, was in his early prime, and was wont to enliven society with stories of interest, racy and thrilling. His stock seemed limitless which he retailed out with a liberal hand We have not been able to collect all the names of the pioneers, but have; done our best. Many of the officers and men of the ranks lived in an 1 around Richmond. Some left for other parts as the country \v;is ex- plored, and good land was found with suitable openinc[s, presented them- selves. Capt. Bradley obtained lands in March and other townshins. He exchanged with Mr. Erskine for a lot with a mill site. Snns Bra'Mcy built on it and Mns. Denison kept house for him for some years. Tlie Capt. himself settled down vigorously to cultivate his farm. Captain Bradley discouraged lawsuits. But when a plaintiff was very urgent and must have a hearing, if the defendent seemed to be in the wrong grievously, he generally discharged two or three volts of electric ity on the criminal, then heard his defence. If there was room, he gave him the benefit of the doubt, and if any opening offered, gave a hearty broadside to the plaintiff. Then as if forgetting that he held his club "in terorem" over the heads of both, he would in the mildest tones ask the plaintiff what good it would do him to have the man fined and the money laid out on some rough crosslay in a swamp that none of them perhaps would ever travel. Plaintiff by this time was ready to chime in, "Well Captain whatever you think best." The captain would then conclude a genieral peace, make them shake hands and engs^^- to live in concord, and avoid ever after such unseemly displays of ii' jclings in a quiet and peaceable neighborhood and country. C. Bradley went into farming in Gloucester. The captain and his sons were men of stature, handsome and well formed. The drift of our story has carried us down stream, but we return to state that the building of so many houses in the village for so many families could not be com- pleted in a tew days. Shanties could easily be raised and scooped and made tight, but many were not content with shanties. Then boards must be sawed by men and whip saws, or be rafted and sailed down the Rideau from Burritts Rapids or Merrickville in cribs, and sailed up the Jcck, Mr. French had built the fivst mill in Burritts Rapids some time before this, but there was no road nor means of drawing. The river alone was the highway. Think of boards drawn from the mill by oxen on two crotches, then put into cribs in the river, and pushed by poles, or towed by a log canoe or hurriedly constructed boat, and soldiers were not the best of oarsmen; then w'hen brought up the jock drawn to the sit« by ox teams on crotches again soaked fnl! of water. Suppose the house* had all been built of round 1.h;s, evrryone who had a family wanted a house; they had September, October and November in which to do the work and then the winter wa on them. The families were left in their tent tiwcen the Richmond Land- ing and Holts and Honey wells, and the mm went to work. But to cut forty k)gi and draw them to the place and rai<»^ one building, would be tabor for twenty good strong men, even if the tv«es stood around the . •pot^^*'* *^ '^"'^*^'"S^** ^^ ''^ '^'^'^^' ^^'' ^^^is*"" rasters were to ven society ^IST«RY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY 73 b« out, pee*ed,fitted, and the boards to ^p sawed or L'ot from a distanr*. shnigle. to be made, a chimney erected of some ki, ct si nes were noi Hear and bncks were yet in the clay. Mow t'iev .n.nnrred to Tet w r.S?e°d at%^.U° '' "''"?"'' '''T''' l'^"'^'^ '^^f"- rhc "hcrmo^met^ ^•Ifistered at zero is a mystery unsolved to this dav. 'inic «ome had to hve .n tents fl the wint- , and o,u soldier's w.fc-. Oshnn;, was f' "en ?eri? M.w'i;?'!/"""'' ^T"' &"" ^^'"•■^*'"' =^ ^"'•"^'••. ^^as found f,..z n Sergt Ma or Mill moved from his tent into his new house the dav be- •KyiT^"**- Some were later in their tents. The Government fur- nished them a years provisions, with implements of various kin'- the old cross cut and whip saws, (one to eveiy five men\ were ofen used being lent all rou, i. Tl se old fashioned thin<,rs for neTthc su' c o much conversation of a pleasant nature in after times. ^ fnr^ hU H^.'if ^'f/^"^^'^^"^ remained about a year in the connM-v bo- fore his death. Me was sent by th( successors of a cabinet thit had 7a iiernt?rJ"' '' ^'T' ^1' ?-VP-t---d to England 'exce'; ("am ada then little (s..emed. and the fortress of Gibraitcr. Me was not highly spoken of nor was h.sson-inlaw that had elor,ed w,(h his dai.Mte £Zr rT;.'y f °'" ^^ ''" ^'^"■' Sir Peregrin Maitland, govcn o ?Jh^r'.r.t' Til°'n"r^ we remember reading on some of my father s deeds. The Duke mu;t have had good points, as gra-i.„de Them tS'tf •'" *^'..7f '° ^*f '^^ P^^f^'^ -'^"^^ c'nVhnsS.M led hr^n.v n J youthful city after him. The Duke of Richmon ' was the only Duke we ever h das a Governor General, not because of his excellence or celebrity. Me is decidcdily abused by most writ, s as unpopular."- "Dissipated" gambler, governed Ireland baT: y ran ;reSyn"::mei:"^^ continent-at thc^same n-.J h^ir"''";K*'^T.^°j''^^'? ''"^^^ ^''""^'■y t° S''^« him a sal. /-the Duke holding the British Government in servitude." Thes • writers might have reserved some of their fine expressions for other, as highly deserving them. His visit to his son-in-law and daughter was in the summer of 1819. He determined to travel on foot over the ro.?e ad^ 7Jn ^l '^" ^:'^' "" Wellington as the location of the Rideau canal. ir.f .^" 5 °"'^ accompanied him, carryi,ig his ca.Ap bed with 7thAua''?«Tn"V'^''''^ ^'''^ ""^ ''''''^ there on the night of the r;thAug. 819 Nextmommghe started for Richmond as an exer- c.se, a walk of thirty miles on a road only blazed and cleared of brush. one may consider he had an interest in the place and neople to undertake the like He reached Sergeant Vauglian's tavern a dark and put up there whi^^st his two servant men plunged through the sivale ^t"rnuf "'^ u'^n^ ^' "''^^:!^'- '^'^^ "^'^-^ •^^''•^^^' t'^^ colonists as a stroke would a bee hive. They were in a fermentation. Every piece of board, plank or flat stick to be found was carried by scores of wd line hands to enable the Duke by temporary bridge to cross the gu ies^ taking them up and ha.stenmg forward for his comfort and safety Had he let thein they would have carried him the three miles through that t^?^'Jf^-^ T '"'" '^^''"' '? "^'-^ ^^'■'^'•^"«" he lunched and enter- Hill's to fhr^f converse, ordcnng a fine dinner in Col.-Serg.:anc liilis to the leading people: lie ua.^ .so.-ial amon"- i-K^rn v^ic'-"- ■ nu-b e..joy-d. hut at the si-ht of water he showed' much 'neVvousnck it' iP I. M< I HISTORY or THE OTTAWA VALLEY, r He p«c«<1 his ro»m »U nigjht sicepkww, having reJifsed to take the pre- Kriftioits of Dr. (..'oilis, hitt he wmh mtnt cahii in tl>« morning and tovk some refreshment. He had arran^e<4 to reach Hull on the 20th Ai'gnst, and be wa'ked d*wn past Col. Bwrk's Ht take the boat down the Jock or GooJ VVo©d to Chapman's farm, wher:: a \>:ij;(^o.i and two yoke of oxcii sent by Mr. Wripjht, were to ttikc ii»<in t>>ro»'kdi. He be- came more troubled at seeing the water an J soon leaped out of the boat rushed wiidJy tbroitgh the woods, and they ovv4i:»x»k h»ni lyinjjj on the hay in Chapiwan's barn in a violent fit. Dr. Collis >vas 'rr*>'>jf'»t, ^nd ho bled I>iin. A swift messenger was sent to Perth for rinother, hut he d'Hx\ before anything could be done. Chapman drove his roMHins <(> Hull on the waggon sent for him, and the boat sent to rrtct him took the bcdy to Quebec, where he was buried with the honors becoming his rank. Clv^xnan was rewarded with four hundred acres of land. The hydrophobia was induced by the bite of his pet fox on his heel. His faults and defects were forgotten in the kindr.es.' of his \'isit and entertaiainent, and the sadness and suddenness of his death, x^nku threw a clowd over the villagers for some time after. He had given the name of his nephew, the Earl of March, to the unsurveyed township op the river at the dinner at Sergeant Hill's, the whole term of office in the country betng only one year. Lumbermen like Mr. Wilson and others had lands round the village. Robinson Lyon, brother of the Captain kept hotel, was a fine horseman, but excelled all otbcrs at the violin. . He lived long in Richmond, then in Bytown, and finished a popular career in Arnprior. The Government built a school in Richmond and paid one or two school ma.sters for a year or two, fifty pounds a year, but soon 'vit«Ki<-tw the grant. Tlie schoolhouse was used for a preaching station for Catho- lics fund Protestants alike. The first to officiate in it was a priest, Mc- Donell, who was Bishop of Kingston before his end came. Mr Heaiy a Methodist, was second. Mr. Glen, a Presbyteri^i>, was third. Judjtj mg from the names, the Episcopalians mvi.st have been the most n^TQer- ous as they built an Epis<opali»>i church before all others. Mr. Glen lived but a short time among tbem and seemed to wear out in waging swamps, travelling to Torbolton, Kemptville, Pr«scott, and other fik^es. Mr. Burns was ths first Episcopal minister for atnne years. Tkctr church and Mr. Pii>hey's hou .. were built about the same time, a«ii &. Andrew's Presbyterian church in Bytown. The Presbyterian ckurrh i« Richmond was not built till after the decease of Mr. Glen. It was a neat little frame builling on the line of street coming from North Gower, crossing the Jock «iki terMiinating on ttie Rich"iond and Perth Roads. Rev. David Evans w»sits nrsc settled pastor Mr. Philips was then its prominent ruling elder from about 1S40 to 1848 when Mr. Evans r'miovcd to Kitley Corners. Rev. John Flood was the Church of England inini;,ter contemporary with Mr. Evans. Mr Flood was bori a Roman Catholic but became a member of the Episco- pal church, and being disposed to study, pursued his course with great disadvantages, reading with firelight and 'fat pine" chips, instead of the dip of tho.se times. Phe pme chip was smoky but the rczinous odour was as agreejible as incen.sc and dotcr ination overcomes difficulty. Mr. ilood got merited credit for his persevrfancc atid success. He w«u. knroKY or thi Ottawa valley ^ •ettkS''lL*7^'^**^**'"?*'f*''^*^*'^^ tH« county, and aj«isted m fettn^ the Giarnmar school at Richmond under w.iv A v^a rJ? man from Belfast, John Boi.land Finlav Ph n riTf. J^ ^u "^ c tfce school of Dr. Cooke caa?e to Rrhm.?^ '^^ f?"* '^^''■•*'' '^'*''" Ibends was intrr^^ ^r!^'* k^^ to Richmond, and whilst visit ne some S^as tcLher ^",1:^^ ^' "'"*°". *"^' Rev. John Flood, ^nrl en- gagea as teacher of the Grammar schoo . Dr Finlav has run a hrilli-nf tllr^h'S T?f ='^ ^^^'^■^^ oAhTrrnVr ;Tvi^tr, S« ,h^ «™ I . ^ ."nwdote, il»o a sound and ahic div n^. H^ diS kvtw a"hi? W ^Ir""'""'.' ''?''"g P'^bytcrs in this Perth I'res Sdle'S h™r divrn'tfco^J^" an'd'^^h? H '""". "r'""^ ■"""" « ^.t that they did :ofre.r,T.; fi"' Iher^dilf af Quer "S Dundee or Edmburgh, and it seemed to us that they were sfchdv d?L posed to look askance at the qualification of thosTwho had taken tt time and advantage of a full couise. Howeve, the Ph n ^,i . Xd"h '"'^ '""f ? S« up wit a. its eT^ele "^ But'^t w'a's a weS It aftafe""! tt ''.L",? l^ ""? ■'"<l"-t-'»bly beyond them ^n ":;.t&:?ffirberre'„tSr'fc.^'-r"^ t':X^S 'f ^" °P-'"^ -.f^icuS:" ^I-^^ood" o? veTem' T '5 «. ^S, '^'■ """ ""^'■P''"a«i°" "f so beautiful a oassaM ? tH ;li|. of Mr. Hood was unfortunate as his rea.lints in he c^STfrL L bfR.nnmg late in life were not extensive Howe er IwJSl ,/ l- "v"i';iK,:"htdlc';ra'f '= '" "^'"^ 'o '^TASJ'.vr.i-ato'if «v.„ld ansUteitrorth.n, n ■" 'l ""^ '"?""' '''''^- ^°'^ »"•' PKpari5tftii;':rd,:?s^r;t.fcn:r:':fig?,gfaS^«rbfrit^^^^ tran-litedor nilerprcted salisla,:loriiv. Mr. Floo.l hl„.|..d -2 "-' .."u-n aeclarcd himself well pleased w.tn the [ranslati^. '^S,.:^'; ! . Iff 111 ii \ !? 7^ HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY Finlay, Birch, and those present, enjoyed the scene, Lowry did «ot std. fer b»it Bob w»s ;'.,i 1 oro. Some ti u, rjt'i r ti.is a good thing happened in the Presbytery of Perth which s'ln* lie survivors vet remember. A student was be- in'T cxxmined for license and was told to read and translate the first page in"'thc ihiictenth book of Virg;i. The candidate said he had not read the b )ok. But a young do'.nine said no matter he can read. So he read. Now translate. He began and ran down easily till about half way when he came to a dead stand. One Presbyter rushed to his side to get him out of the slouj^h but slid <]own the page with hesitancy till he reached the chasm. Another hurried to the rescue. Let me help, I am the best Latin scholar in the Presbytery. Here the poor candidate was sandwiched between these two great Latin scholars. The latter gentlemsn drew up at the same awful .stand point. None seemed will- ing to imitate the noble Roman by leaping into or over the chasm. Can you furnish a supplement ? said the G. T. The candidate took the hint, fillc 1 the hiatus and to the satisfaction of all finished the translation. The' two learned gentlemen quietly resumed their seats well satisfied with the important aid thev had rendered so timely. An aged minister hearing of this case said : It reminded him of a carlJidate on trial for ordination, who was cautiouslv admonished by an aged Scotch clergy- man to be cucful to translate his Hebrew correctly, for if you make mistakes or hlun !ers there is no one here fit to correct you. Mr. Flood was an indcfiitigable worker though not always in harmony with his Bishop John, Toronto, who always ruled with a rod of iron and no slack the Bishop had isMied a pastoral, in which he asked the Roman Catholics to unite with them in saving to the-n the clergy reserves, and ofcring them an equivalent when the Jesuits' estates would come up for legislation or adjudication. Was the profoun 1 Protestant silence main- tained in Quebec ft-hen $300,000 was lei^isiated into the hands of the Jesuits, tlie gm<i pro quo in this case ? A Liberal wrote strictures on the pastoral. Mr. Flood rushed to the rescue, to be reconciled to his bishop with the head of the Liberal who refused tp surrender his head to the block In his next letter Mr. Flood quoted Dr. Beggs. His friend ex- amined the Edinburgh Witness, and found the quotation objections which Dr. Beggs demolished. Tiiis made hard agVmst him but his fnend after correcting 1ms careless reading invited him to go on with the controversy, assuring him that while there was a shot in the locKcr he was welcome to a share of it. The thing proceeded no farther but the Bishop re- warded the attempt by a good promotion. The old Admiral, his father-in-law, thanked the Liberal when they met as being the occasion, if not the cause of this clergyman's elevation. Capt. Lyon, of Richmond was some time a parliamentarian. His family, largely bovs, took t« professions or mercantile life. They were all talented and William, who died a comparatively young man, was of t^ie very highest type for ho- rable and manly conduct in every de- partment o7 the business of life. We had reason to know that h,s friendship was very sincere, true and valuaWe. In h.s early ^em^e t e country iiotuned a very siiJHal loss. G. B^ Lyon, who ^^^^^d Fe4lows iong faeW tije m«»t «H8M»«fHWH«B pjR*w «rv -.n-x ^^.^ , ^^^ ^^ * --w.._ - ■ ■■:' agl g L '»!WWggw'^ i g* ' >g t ! g! t HWH wa w-jH^''*T^S'Witf »*yw^-*V ^' roy'<>J|»;y^i*t*'»B| i i .j.,^ «it l i ^ yyr»-- ._ e occasion, HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. "^ ' fj lessons and frain time to hear him conduct cases at the court admirino- h.. eloquence and dignity of manner, even when hi opm;nenr M? Harvey was most abusive. Robert was our schoo mat^ taTentcd amiable and very obliging ; ivas afterwards able at the UTTrepJesS '"o:n"\viciow '^^^"^^^r^ - i"^-- His early death l^ftMirFS^r d young ^^ uio v to mourn his great loss, Some of the younger brothers Sy married Mr r^"""',""'r "'\:'^^ ^ ^^''^^ ^^'^r- another ]5!s1 Miey marncd Mr I';.h,„, and after his death, Mr. Martin who has ercatly distinguished himself in the law and in he legislature of ManT tawa a; MTT-f ?7'' °^ ^'^ Greenwa^^ -vcrnment^ and more at Ot- cerron'Lhmon^' '""" "" ^ ^^^"" "^ '^ — ''^^ ^is fellow-offi- One of his sons, John Bower, was a man of high standing in the aty and very deservedly so~his first wife was sister of John Street of March, and his second, a sister of Zak Wilson, now high in Her Majes'tv^s customs Both were worthy of their high position Mr Lewfs died RoS \T-^fl'''' '^' ''"P-tant offices^of recorder, ma^or and M P kpbcrt Lewis, like so many, followed lumbering. One sister was Mrs \V. Lyon and then Mrs. L.-iuder, the other is Mrs. Chas Pk^hev of this city. Edward Malloch followed his honest ca ling so carefuUv that sa't on^ilf ', '''' '' ^''fr' f>'"f^ *'^^'" ^ fi"^ educttio^; two of h^ on ts b ' davs" h"^^ '''' 'h'^ ^/'"^•■^' ''■'' '"-'•^^l^-nt in Richmond n m th 'storM'n "'-V^^'-'-'^d the ti)en beautiful Miss Hill, afterwards gave up tli^ store an! sat in parliament for over 20 years Ore dan^hf^r n.arned Rev. Mr. M.lne of Smith's Falls; another is Ladv Grant ^One XrTr'''''"?'?^",'"'^'"^^""^^ to the bar and di'ed young; the otiicr IS a successful physician. Capt. Lett died young in 'Richmond leaving a widow and two sons. Andrew and William ' tt man The .^married'; r M^r "r' '"' '"' "I-", .'^"^'^^^^' ^^" and "beautiful v\ no married- Mr. McCraken, a successful lumberman. of Hnnt^.T. n"'Y'^f '^ the talented and han-lsome Miss Emily Hyde Ih rd W ' P f ii^' '"^'^^ '", ^''"^''- . ^"^ °^ ^^ ^^^' ^iHs is Mrs. ^Dr iiaird. VV. I Lett married the second daughter of Mr Joseph Hinton oi Richmond, and was long and favorably known in this dtv a^ ctk "Mr''r'.^/''ff 'f. T'^^^' P°^^' ^"^ - -^ latte; years a' city cxrk Mrs. Lett lost her life by a railway accident verv much miWM 5^'tVf f r '''^'^ ""^ ^"■'"'^- }^'- -^"-^^P^ Hinton like \K Ma^clT uS not a soldier but went into the storekecping for ycars-a very k nd honorable man m business and in the affairs of the bounty lived to a hTLf R^err;?; '^'.rl'-"^^'^"^'.^^ ^" ^^^^^ knew hf.n/"lt 'son! and tie S f TT r T" r""'"'" '" ^l^ "^^''"'^ ^ '"^S^^ and Hintonbuigl and the City His first wife was a Miss Burrows" his second a Miss Hyde, daugnter of Thomas Hyde and the beautiful Marj Somerv^ir »nd his third Victoria, daughter of the late Lvman Perkins Mr' L;ncon 8 eldest daughter married Mr. George Patterson oe of ?I,e earnest merchants of this cit>^ and now consideralf Sue S. M " «ykltc man " ';"iterson is still in health and vip-or:' Th e younj^csi; Misa Hinton mar- nedcK^r much esteemed-frier^d; Donald GririS'^^e^i^l :^Z<^. ful manager for the Hon. Thomas McKay in his large business Mr Grant was a warm hearted friend, liberal with his purse fo good objects in 78 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY 1:11 early life, and enHed his days a chief of police, the duties of which h« dischar^jccl vcr>' faithfully and pleasantly. Mrs. Grant is a lady of superior c.xccllcn<:c, has been so as yn-.m^' lady, wife and mother. She has sustained her loss, if we must so say, like an ancient Roman matron and she cannot have happier days than we wish her and the prosperity of her sons after her. ^ IT . ^ *i VrW'' ^^'^}^^ pleasure of acquaintance with .ScrRt. Major Hill l^dward Malloch s father-in-law, hut he was very hij^'hly spoken of as i K^()od benevolent man, who was exceedingly kind to the early mission- aries, who tr.ivclled the l.iiul on foot, through dense forests and dismal swamps, to supply the lack of services in those davs and doubtless he has Ills reward. VVc never met Major Ormsby, but have had accountu 01 him as a mapslrate performinfr marriafjes in early times; but sceptical as to t Rir Ic^'ality; for it is told of him that when a cleivvman came from I cilh to marry Mi.ss Elizabeth Hirtch to Donal.l Mathieson, and Mi.ss Jane Campbell to ex-Scrp:eant John Dunbar, he (^ot his own mar- riajTc ri peated, or as the Irish then said, clinched 10 make it .safe The clepman was Rev. Mr. Harris, of I'erth, son of the dean ot Dublin Ire and. Vrth and Hull were the only places could boast of churches and settled clcrjry, Harris and Ainslcy. Sergeant P. McElroy seems to have had some education, thoujrh he did not take to school teachintr but went into trading, or mercantile life, and his sons ami generations follow to this day. Captain Maxwell .seems to have been the most devout man among them He assembled the people on Sundays and read the services uf the churchy what Dr. Chalmers called the beautiful prayers of the Church of England. He did it weU and was highly esteemed among his con- ^niporanes. A little note is told at his expen.sc though only arising from adventitious circumstances. One very cold morning the Captain was reading the lessons for the day from the Old Testament, he had ''f'"'>^°V^P''''*' ""*? Moses saying." "Pat McElroy put a stick in the stove. 1 his parentlicsis in a soft under tone, the boys iasisted must ^^l^^^on^m^l The Captain was a good agriculturist, very fond of well bred stock, tor years it was sufficient to commend an animal to a distant farmer, to state that it came from Capt Maxwell's herd or flock Two or three years after the founding of the village, came an Episcopal" eentleraan from Athlone, Ireland. Thomas Sproulc regarded as a very pM>uski»*n and who stimulated the colony into erecting an Episcopal cfeinci; the first in a long distance on the south shore of the Ottawa nver, except Perth which was about midway between it and the St Lawrence We once had the pleasure of spending a night with a por- t*on»fh^fiimfly on a farm between Richmond and the long swamp. We had been at Richmond mill with a few bags of wheat, drawn on a long-bodied cart and returning with flour and bran, etc., it became d«rk. W hen we got a xmSe from the village, and in a grove a tree had tanen across the road and my Mvdy horse leaped over it and broke mv cart axle, so there was nollMDg for it but to undo the horse and find a looffing. \n a little Hm<» a 1iMK> Lb < ^g^^A^.j^ ^ 1 ij. _-• _ ^. ~ . ^ Va ^^ ■' ^hc gate, foltowcd »v the i.«aai, the hou^ Va. ti n reached, the Icnjjth of a gvod fi«ki Iimh ite joad. A yavrtig msTORV OK TllK OTTAWA VALLEY took my horse to the ni)- haj^s into a safe pi, family of motluT an ,-. remonstr.inccs tliey p<.i.,i!ji done with very (,'oo(| t}»st< ship readin^j haiali, 3,'* -'i < style and manner, in.ik IjroposinR to so with his lantern and p«t 'ch he did. Tfe then introduced mc to hm portion only of the fannly. Despite my m servinR up rcfrcs'imcnt.s, which was Afterwards a sister cotuiuctcd family wor- * r, Ml a sensible conversational becomine ,,,, , ...'i ri'nni'iK '^■oTiment and offcrinir an extem- porary prayer W hethcr ,t was because it was the first I had heard ron. the ips of a woman or whether it was the Christian spirit it breathed throuKiOMj, or the aid afforded by the Spirit from abovt^ I was then too yomif; to dctermme, but it made an indelible unpression on my mind: I I he pure words, the petitions for Christian jrrowth in the minds ofthe converted of the family, and the pleadin^js for those who for rXTion'"''''"''''""? '^r f'"^^',;."'' 1'^'"'" fJ^'-^ce. were to .ne themes for reflection many a day after. I hat hi^jhly gifted Christian woman led us that night m the homage, the dependent%reature owes to th^^n! dependent Sovereign Creator, from whom we receive all things and to whom we return nothing, but tJiis fruit of our lips giving thanks to his iiainc. 2. The luxury of our admission to converse with the Most Hijjh he maker and possessor of heaven and earth. 3. The leverage given nIfilWU '"tl;e expectation, the assurance that the promises w.ll be ilfiled o us m the use rrf the heaven appointed means. There was the humble confession of our guilt, helplessness and illdesert. and a mapn,fymgoftlu.-,pfinite pure, holy One. in who«. presence ^e were bowed together. 1 hen the a.d of the Holy Spirit was invoked to help us. We were led to shelter oursrlves imdcr the man Christ, as an hid- ing place from the tcm,»t-.s(.s of wrath we had incurred. Thanks were mast smcercly given for the- answers received and for other things sub- tituted for what we asked, which were in divine wi.sdom more suitable to us There was no Inuituig of the IVlost High and holv in the answer we t'obkss ' *" evident disposition to wait His wise' time, to reply and ful thI'A Z7P^ ffcntleman showed me to my room, where, grate fulthatlbadfoutiJsuch a reshop place, instead of sitting all night on mybroken cart in the woods momentarily expecting to hear the growl of a prowler of the forest Alter a sweet sleep in a^nicc bed and room, 1 was out by the dawn cut a maple pole, and had my axletree made by breakfast. Young Mr. Sproule helped me to put it to the wlicclsandbocy, and v^e parted with greater gratitude than could be dothcd in worus of any language. One broth.r married Miss Hopper f the family weU-l:nown in Nepean. ^nd kept .store at March Corners for a tHnc, then at old Stittsvaie. in the bouse built bv Howard & Thompson and occupied for a tm.e by Mr. McKaskill, who had kept at ffi Comers before the days of George Arnold. Another was deputy reg s rar ,« the county office m this city. The youngest remained, we think on the farm. .They were a highly respectable fan) iiy But meeting in my early teens with that kind people and that middl^-agcd ady o such ketitlc. mave.stic. Chn<*»an snirir : f\ftxf ^r«rc.l,o.,« ^... .jAu-' ^ "^" I mTLkkl'''"'?''^ swift«6« been able 'to obUt;;;trd.c 'im^esslon frTn 8o HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY U If the Invisible Almighty Spirit can in a meeting, for a mon»ent, in this beclouded world, crcar-j such feelings, in sin-stained souls, what shall be the divine delight when kindred redeemed spirits shall encompass that throne whereon the Man rcigneth; who was here below, "an hiding place from the wind, a covert from the tempest, as rivers of waters in a dry place, and as the shadow of a great rock in a weary land." Rev. John Flood was long the incumbent, a convert from Catholicism. Mr Petit was his successor. Ho took rather a peculiar way of collecting his s,!- ary. He posted up printed bills of the names of the contributors and what tl'.ev had paid during the year. It gave offence but he survived it The Presbyterians built a little frame church but Mr. Glen did not re- main very long and after being some time vacant they secured the Rev, David Evans who was many years their pastor. He supplied Huntley and Fitzroy as a pp.rt of his charge in connection with Richmond. Afier iiin. came Rev. P. Lindsav then Rev. Wm. White. Mr. Mc- Cleland, whose amiable wite was a Miss Bailey from Aylmer, was their pastor for some years. Fallowfield and the Jock above Richmond be- came the wings and under their present pastor are doing exceedingly well. They are made up of very intelligent, respectable families. They have a neat brick church at Fallowfield and a good frame church at the Jock. Many interesting stories are told of the long, tiresomes travels of the early preachers through long, dark wood: and deep, interminable swamps, the short sleeps and long fast.s which were so kindly alleviated by Sergeant Hill, in" whose hotel, they all, of every denomination, S'semed to find a kindly home, pleasant faces and refreshments of the best provisions and in the richest abundance. More than forty years ago a member of the Presbytery of Perth was sent several times to supply North Gower and took Richmond in. the afternoon, occupying a school house in which Mr. Bryson, father of the <ky goods merchant, taught the advanced classes. Though there was no intention to interfere with the rights of the kirk, then vacant, yet the Smiths, Browns and Jones were neither gtateful nor satisfied, and gave no attendance at the altar. The Jock church is m the old Gordon settle- ment and is a weH attended, flourishing congregation. The last preacher had Stittsville in connection, but it is supplied from the city by Rev. Mr Danbey. The Methodist church has a long history in Richmond, and an extensive list of preachers, »vith very few of whom we have had the pleasure of acquaintsuice. The first Roman Catholic church was built about two years after the Episcopal. The first services »vere held by an ex-chcp4ain of the army, Mr. Mcdonell, afterwards bishop of Kingston, but he seems to have b«e« but a wayfaring man at Richmond. Father Hebron appears to have been their first settled priest. We never met him kut were well acquainted with his successor. Father Peter Smith from County Cavan, Ireland, who ruled there many years, and had both hands f\A\ ©n many a fair day held twice a year in the village. He was of gi^ntic stature, and when nKiunted on a splendid charger with a long whip, w even on foot, he was a terror to evil-doers. We recollect Rev. Mr. Smart of Brockville, who was almost equal ^Mt. 4>1«A fn 'jh«i> «M lA.un<rrt-K iT nz-ftf in rstf^iinrlca vrM-rliir^oic K#^inrr folrort rl^Mim tri Z-J Mrt. {.»! ^-T1 «•• '-■•£■' ' X ' ' " ' " " the Spri''ii beiow the city by Edward Malloch in his carriage and intro- d»c«d t« Rev. Mr. Smith. Rev.T.Wardropc remarked that if they quae HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLKY. gil relMMr Smithhadtl,eoddsinhi,fav«r. Mr. Smith r«««l that thev SilL thlT"'' S *•■■■ ^"" "»' '" dciicate health toTif he d^'S » l"le there he wouW give him extreme unction. Father Smith <5™ u'ouid not require much if they cut beaver hay and ^rew anvtwL r^ This illn' Z?^''' '*?,"«!'■ """=«'■".? thin tied up in ?e4d"„Thr^3^ flrme^lTlalwLd"" ''•""''°"^' ""°^' universally "now, and LTst Reef Ifflid i^the S^r^jt"^ ''°'''' ''""^ '!"= "''^' "" «"= °rf"of the day. lent ;"L";pL"t'°4\v c'^^ttat:^^ wiM ';el°°t% ^"' '"= i";^"",". TObuiriiY tne sun. The woods were svarm ng with them all summer w e ^;':';ttrr;;''pfrtnd" ^^^'^^".^ ^^>'l- '^^ freely ^ed anZT^y mItJ JIT ;u- ^t ' g^^ drummed in the vicinity of their brooding To 1 "tea ned w,tL" fish^.^^.h^^ °"' ""°^'l^^- ^'^^^' '^l^^' stream and L rooK teamed with fishes— these remam but not in such numbers- hut tl e w.nged creaturos have almost wholly clisappeare^. For^ qu^rt^^^ f'^'.'f^'y^^'d^y^^iid pigeon has been .seen in hundreds of miks A odd duck or partridge turns up. and a rabbit or a m.nk vert seldom but otter, beaver and martin are scarcely ever caught The fox and th^ ;'rlTffoTf "'•'"' ''^"^°°" '^ "°*h-^ hefeabouts now. There V'-c-K. howui 1"'^^^^^^^^ long.horr,ed Devons with'^ inferior -.. nnwi.ig indications of the ancestry n a state of decrmrlation . -:c the co:,..n.,n flocks or. far.m every whefe. Sheep averS n^.T "£'h H ^""^ P'*,^' 'V^'"^ "' ^ -^ « '^ clip, and Twfce tt^'"y it . . V , ^°^' ^^'^ '^"Sthy in limb and .nout. Berk-hires Yorkshires OC \'()lll1(»r<»'^ a* if -crr'i!---}'- 1- - 1 — 1^-. rt, ,1 ngncukiirc iiau noL made much progress in a land of *nn„s with plowing diffi'cuU and stni^r extrac ors' uS?„'t"el and ^' "iiplcments in the most primitive state. uninvented. and aU III I «2 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. li «!■• St ( I ■ i^ Mrs. Stewart of Beckwith was unequalled i'l the land as wife, mother, church member, benevolent Christian and good neighbor. She lived to a good old age a model of excellence, helping the needy, strengthening the feeble-minded, supporting weak Christians and young professors of religion, with a kind word and an open hand to everyone. The eldest daughter married her cousin, Neil Stewart, a worthy elder in the Beck- with church. The second daughter is the wife of Thomas Simpson, the third, who was Mrs. Dewar, died young; the fourth, Mrs. James Conn, who kept store long in Mr. Sumner's place, whose very enterprising sons since his early death, have built a nne stone store and dwelling house and do a large business; her daughter is now the widow of the late Dr. Potter, whose brother is one of the most eminent physicians and large- hearted, trustworthy men in the city, and whose immense practice ac- cords well with the great range of his experience and ability. The eldest son, Sandy Stewart, lives at White Lake and is in the cheese business. The second, Neil, was long and favorably known as farmer, owner of a .small steam sawmill, and councillor and reeve of Goul- bourn. Ilis youngest son John, married Miss Kennedy, eldest daughter of Robert Kennedy, the pious-ruling, influential elder in Ashton, sound in the faith, enthusiastic in the temperance movement, and indefatigable in the works of faith and labors of love. Mrs. Kennedy was a McDiar- wiH, a (jood woman; tlieir family like that of Jacob's was thirteen; but •niike his in that they were twelve girls and one boy. The last died young, the girls-married wisely, and are mothers of a numerous interest- ing offs[)ring. T'oe Episcopal church and the Methodist congregations at Ashton arc not large or numerous, though of some time standing. The Presbyterian was an offshoot from Beckwith and had been ministered to m connection with that church since the disruption. The writer was the first ordained minister who, after three pleasant years of labor, gave place to Mr. P Gray, an excellent and worthy man, who after .some years went to Kin^'ston and after a successful ministry Jicd there. Tlieir next minister was Mr. .McKinnon, for a number of years, then Mr. McAIi>ter, .son of Elder McAlisterof Kingston. Their next njinister died with them when very young. They have now Mr. George Bavne, brought up in Ncpean. From a very small beginning, the congregation has grown to be self .sustaining with a large and beauti- ful stone church. Son)C of the first elders are succeeded by their sons in office. The growth has been .steady not spasmodic and the future of the place may be considered as hopeful and prosperous. Appleton, a flourishing village on the Mississippi, has been associated with it for some years, with a good assembly of attentive hearers. James Wilson, near the centre of Goulbourn, was the first, like Mrs. Stewart, to plant and col- lect an orchard of any pretentions; but all seedlings of considerable value. They sold weil at Kempt's fair and Richmond fair as well as clsewhe.c, the taste of the people being not yet vitiated by more luxuriant and lus- cicus fruits. We remewiber well, pcrhap-s fifty years ajjo when sent to get horses shod by Jolui Barber, a famou.i work.iiJkn in his Hue, in James W ikon's empUy. admiring: the young flourishing orchard *nd the lar^e number •f "bcciwvcs, H» iiMiigs were m tn*r day and to ijc wandered ^i as .sources •£ w«*kk,as weU as pleasant aad attractive. Nat far Ircm W Json's. souie HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY BS> c«rls, too, n»d seen service at Lundy's Lane and elsewhere and ,hZ caennes never discovered that they had backs "^'"'"'- »■>" "k^t Ihey were iintortmiatc in worldiv entcmn's^- fi™ ,-j i- l^ • much rtatftif^A V \ -j"'^"^' nclutling a new steam saw mi — a H verv «rcte^!es, "o"G'rrd;:;s, c- rett ^j., ^^:i/rLc."=i^f ago. a bUcksnuth shop, a S^mday school, and a pouud '' CL1I'« X'-rar^e'r ?,"n"L,.?<^„°rr^""' """ "^ Ashto„T,''S:t'?;r"i„l-at<i Goulboiini, in which Richmond is situated, was c«»ed afti.r .n English nobleman anfi contains about ^t: nrxi arr^^ T. ^^L *'*5'^,*" v.aiity or soil, „„t half of i, fit fcr c:;ftii^^.''"^^r,z,rerii,'':^j3 TTa. part of this township on Vl:^xt S^tZ^it.'^^:^]! other brotJiers Hodgins went to Huntlev ,nH rI i^^'"''v ^^ ^'^:^ ^-T' 'r'^t^'"'^'^' ^"^ ^- h^ou^e'lLuhop'^'r^h^e h'^'h stt» ^^ on the north of Mr. Hodgins' His sons folded the same tusSetT and were very u-cnious mechanics. Thev went west \12L v Jr ' iJcl h larm at a high price in the estimation of many but sold ft m>.^l h.gher George Morgan purchased higher still but Darted with if a KrV" ""t^^ '' ^^-^ "°" '" the%lterod^rmes';ndpTKS 'current" Kc.bert Young ong occupied the beautiful farm on the hiTl bmHnJ !l' the town line ot March, where John Barber Wa-k«mkh s'.ik ! ^ .!^ white sandstone hou.se. John Young's hoi.;; had^'Tol ne tt e cSl^ei and decorations, varyins; the \il,itc sandstone Uk., r , '""'-'"""";°""-" 01 the north eas! branch ,,f the Carp Dr Col" riVL"l'",'='' '"."'^ stone house east of R. Young, a;S-sou«:of'-th." '' yV^^i' %«"' John McCnrcry and JaXnn Stiu atold St'tsl^fi:!"' ^T^J^.^.^ pc^.tc the Hradieys and Kemp, Robert Grant rot a iVrcrl'ft..'^'"'" "''JTV^ «ore in our boyhood, as als'o' Wdliam So'4;;L" ''ITr' G^nt'hl^r 84 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. family by tSc first marriapfc, but tour sons and two daughters by his second. His first wife was a Miss Powell, his second a Miss Hardie. Mr. IloJ^ius had two son.s, James, who died young, and John, the father of the M P. for ('arleton, and several daughters. One of these is the motlicr of the M. P. P. at present. Mr. Grant took great interest in miinirinrd affurs, so a -• » 'Ij.' h-s son Rohert, who is married to Miss Sarah, third daughter of Mr. W. Gourlay of Huntley. Robert is a prosper- ous ^_'ciuitic tiiLiicr. John Grant i.s also a successful farmer south of Robert. The other two brothers. William and James are fine business men in har^Iware, coraer of Bank and Sparks streets in the city. One Miss Grant became the wife of John Gourlay, Huntley, the other is Mrs. Tcmplcton, Winnipeji;-, Man. South of John Grant, Charles Hartin on the old farm an:l mill .site, son of David and Miss Malcomson, who is married to Miss Wilson, daughter of David Wilson of Huntley. On the Huntley si ie Junes and John Hartin had fine farms. James Stitt lived above tiic McG c char;cl. This is replaced by a much larger brick building roan the old white frame church of former days. The Bradley's and Mr. Kmiiji married daughters of George Clark of Marrh. Above Old StiUsv ilk' Ativircw Argue, liaker, and John Wright filled up to the pines. Wm. Cuthhcr', farmer and local preacher, James Cherry and Joseph M^gcc lived r.j.ir the chapel. James Walker and the Scharfs filled up from the town line of Nepean all the good land. W. Eagleson at the corner with a litUe store, with his vigorous wife, a Miss Shore, bid fair to get up, not only a business, but a village with blacksmith, shoe- maker, carpenter, weaver, etc , but all the little wooden cottages are rot- ting without an inhai.jtant. Eagleson and Scharf were the only two there when we passed through some time ago, a deserted village, we are sorry to report. Thomas Alexander who sold 200 to my father. James Arthur, Jacob Stuart ^nd James Birc'n, occupied the oasis in the pine desert, south of Stittsville. Then Mr, Crawford and Mr. Ford with many brothers of the Sintpsons, Cherry, the tanner, and a few others, fill up to Ashton. All on the we.st side of the township, from north to south, except Elder Dividson. are Irish, the Atlas to the contrary notwithstanding. Stitts- ville at th^ railroad station, is a thriving little place with three stores a hotel, and several mechanic shops and tasty private dwellings. John Sumner, an Englishman, opened the first, and for a long time the only store in .^shton, thei. called Sumners' Corners. He had large potash works carried on, from which some have supposed the place took its pres- ent nnu>^. Donald McFarland kept the only tavern for many years in the place, a peaceahi' and quiet house. Neil Stewart, a son of John Stewart, of Brckwith, long time reeve of Goulbourn, was of highland descent; all the others were Irish by birth or lineage. When Sumner Icf. for Carleton, James ( onn took his place in store and post office. His wife was Janel Stewart, atid his sons have built a great stone house for store and dwelling ami have been the leadinr business men in the place e\er siicc lli^ little stone church of the Presbyterians is re- placed 1*^ a irtfhtly iu(»king edifice. .w . — ,-- . -.--J, .^ - ^... w.«,, ...... .. «. — '''J'i -- ' • r •-•■ .v...-..f In its beginning, •'sr Mr. Shore, who.sc wife was Mi-sS Fanny Acres, of Marck. The Methodists arc not uumerous in the place We arc not M if HISTOKY OF THE OTTAWA VALLKY aware that any Other clcmmination has any people there now. From Scr^rcant Vautrhans to th. Jock is a fine settlement. The pretty little rc.byter,:ui clu.rch t(u.rr is well filled with an intelligent, enquiring r.ol<m^ audience I he bh.llmRton settlement extends towards the vil- '■if • f^"-j^7'«»^l ^vith the Morions ;ind others. The Brownlces, so^.th ^;,dea.st of thi« trends towards North Gower. Mr M-cFadden, an old sn.d.erfrom Tyrone, who lived near A.shton, was about one himdred, ji!i. a Serjeant Stem/.ell close by lived to be nearly a hundred. Sumner la. .. httle saw mill on the J,;ck at Ashton, but was not of long duration, an<! ivfr. Neil Stewart built a small steam mill in its place but there was tn,.,ttle lumber to be much sup,,ly. Mr. Stewart was not Ion- hv,^\. ills wife, Mrs. Stewart, was Muss Cram of Hcckwith or Carlcton la e.a sweet-tempered, plc.'.sant and excellent woman, who died be- fore lum. hey left a fine fannK-. Mr. Shore carried on business in the wnpRon aiHl cuTiaKe makinfr. i.,-om ArclMe Campbell, who v as 'm,o of t,'c car u St blacksmiths down to the present, there has been a ucccvion of workmen m eveiy trade. Mr. Turner, who married a M ss Cram, sisterof Mrs. Neil Stewart, built anj followed his business here for ) ears. The I^eckwith side of Ashton wa.s occupied by the Clarkv Urummonds McNabbs The I ashyteri-.n couRrcf^ation was then com^ posed o the hearers of Dr. Cooke of IJeifast, Dr McD.-.nald ofFerintosh. the aposlle of the Il.ghlands 1 hese spoke the gaelic and were among the Vr^l .?Af% ?"" younf? "'•"-•-•' Others had been the hearers of Dr Burns of Paisley then of 1 oronto Some others came from hear- ing men of far less celebrity; but fancy the notions produced by learning the.se things on bis first vis.t around the little flock ! He had been talk mg away lo them as so maMy plain country farmers, that aid not rcqinre any stilted language or scientific figures, or striking illustrations. He iMd tt>ld them his story from the open bible without a scrap of paper bc- fcre him. They had fo,g(.tt( I, the talents and the eloquence of the W^f ^T'.^"^ had given the kindliest and clo.Sest attention What was he to do now on Ins new di.scovery ? The world of the past must answer. He mu«t hold on his way ignoring the discoveries. 'ex- c^-pt to .stinnilate to more careful .study, a greater exertion to nhro rternal truth clearly and forcible I efo?e the^ minds of the at?d:?^ce When the teacher was removed by the vote of the court, an.l the men old and young, had remonstrated with their might against the rhanee but could not prevail to keep him. old men and full |row„ tronrfoung men burst into tears. Among those .still living whS can attest t^s as t ue are. Dr. V/,,rHrope and J H. Duncan and*" Robert Ke. nedy eldc? and Peter C. -.pb. i of Galetta. So much may be said for the soundness kmdness and goodness of the people of Ashton ^o'lnoncss, tW nn.lT^ ^'^"r ''u'^'' ^^'P ''i''^'' °"*^ ^^ the many tributai... of the Ottawa, rises m Goulbourn. in the lowlands above old Stitts^ ille a creek passing between it and the Canadian Pacific railroad, and wind, 'ng hrough tbeTarrns of Messrs. Kemp, Hartin. Grant, etc., unites belol the town Ime, in the hrst .oner ss n, of March, v^ith the north branch which nses m Nepean, near the . chhI. and ;uns westerly ?o the nc-' tion. !t was in our early recoi:( ctio« » ci*ar ...r...^ aii ;*:. iJl^.V. .,.■! ll'^. *" odd tree acrosa it, which was used instead of a better hriigt'forcToS HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. : I n •I km on feet. Beavor* otters, minks, muskrats, were its aboriginal in- habitants. Our first voyage on its placid waters was in a log canoe with WilHann Acres, to inspect his traps placed under the grass drawn on the banks marking tlie landing oi' the muskrat, some of whieh he broup^ht kon>c. William Harper, then a boy, showed us the stumps and sonic dead poles with the marks where the beavers had bit them round with their teeth which then excited our boyish amazement, and still further when we heard that they drew these poles with their tails and dug clay and plastered the poles in the stream to make dams for their luxurious dwellings. The tail seemed to be a great and useful implement as well as tlM teeth. -The river now, for miles, resembles a long narrow lake grown full of tall coarse grasses. A dead sea. It is a government work for 25 miles to dredge it and prevent it' being injurious as well as useless. Public and private roads suffer by it. The Hartin brothers had a saw mill on ks south branch and cut as long as the timber la.stcd around it. They offered a site near the mill for a Presbyterian church and logs of white pine were sided and laid on the ground. David claimed (he was but a boy then) that as he was giving the ground and would have to saw a good deal of the lumber he should have the choice of a pew when built, which they all cordially agreed to, except Jacob Stewart, who made a funny okjcetion "gee him the pulpit." The project was abandoned, The Methodists built a log church close by, which the facetious Jame.s Bell termed "Mud street chapel." It is yet .standing. Rev. Mr. Horner held revivals in it on the mode of prostration. C'rowds attended and trouble and litigation followed. The mode was not adopted and the services of this evangelist have been dispensed with. The Magee chapel, a neat little white church, further south, was erected, and beyond that, '\r, '* forest of giant maples, they had a camp ground at which we spent a week. We were often invited to lead their prayer meetings amid the greatest excitement we ever had to that time witnessed. Whole families from far away, Clarendon and Hull, and many other places were there encamped in board huts, tents and sheds. Many preachers were there, and many sermons daily delivered to the vast, attentive audience. Prayer meetings followed the .sermon and were greatly prolonged, some one leading till exhausted, his voice was l«st in the responses and another started up to take his place. Often in evenings, continuing till midnight. Rev. Ben Nankieville presided and with a long tin horn summoned them from walk or conversation to at- tend the services. One night after eleven o'clock the preachers .md other notables were very politely invited to take tea in the capacious tent of Brother McCurdy. Wliilst doing great justice to the excellent, well prepared refreshments, the doctrine of predestination was served up for discu-ssion. Some one said the Presbyterians did not L,clic\ c it themselves. Mr James Lowry referred them to me for a reply We admitted the doctrir>e, but said it was very inconvenient to cii.scuss it then and there. However, they were in the mood for it, after a fine supper mois*c4ied by old hyson. Questions were piled in upon the stu- dent from every quarter. W. Fitz B. Healcy and James Stitt stood in tke door, holding by the frame, to prevent their being hustled in and '^'i- ■■•'-'■' -^"'ittcd the doctrine of fore knowlct'-'- ■ V..«J-i^ A 11 .» J._ i-.^ HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY f7 !Ilfnri'".*!L"*''' ^^'"^ ^ '""^ ^ intimatefy connected with f'ore annomt wtth?ileDeUv'Vn*tKf'^'^''P^'t'''''=''^"* ^"^ f"*"'-^ ^^e all present Hmited undeSSn^s ne her c.n J ?' "'"' ^^P'*'"^^ from our But said Mr. Nankr!nu f can we deny our own accountability. un" ustificd Wc we're ai a sta'dstHl^for'.^'' '"' "".^ ^^^^^"^"-^ '^ ^^ "^» peits and is forgiv:rand Jefored'o :vo^Ts"D\" id^d K, "^ ;^- fication IS not annulled or revokrd It is GnH th.V ?,.!. r ?• •^"'^'" Portly after it brolt up The Tow^shfo of G™,!!'""''"'''^" 'ff' "'»« (.there very rich in lumber at tlie S Thi. m^H " ,""''. '"'"= '°""= especially oats and hay wWch we^e' JI^^" .1^ "'"u''" '^"'' P'-°''"ce, on the fertile portions of "he soil Th Jf ' j- "■" "f '"''* abundance -her. raised, orwlZ a few miles """ ''''P°'='^ "' =" "" <'°<"' Madf;Lfa"BoT^=ect^?™d1,:;l'°rf h'h '""'^«, "^ *= O""-' requiring from one week to th^e weeks' ?or the'lVa^n'^T' '" "J"'"' paid them as the prices were good Th'at ma ket ?s no „,„ "' ''"'/ or meal to be crsu'H.fd'air^^'o'r Ht ^^-'entt" E^ 't" T nV5ii;rn :',"o'£'„ifaTdVh™'^± 'if i™--''" ,;jr' r.o s^rJ:? McKinley tariff havrpu,' fa'rme'lT ^to sucniffiSlties' ,s'"ow""'t";' ^5St."^tedrraTa'£-''''^?^^^^^^ ■K cents, wheTha^'crops ami I r; ".''ir. t^n'" "l"' "" ^'""■' "^ -.« with the prices and'^emands^f ,„fv* n'rfiftv tcL* ""''''S ""^ «ot, saying that the former days were betLr than ,L'. "F"' u^"^ ""= controversy with the modern ^ilosoph " wh^ prodded *wi.h"' ""J salaries are boom ng the times and the o,> ,h7,,;J P™^'"^" w]th good world, we are onlv«a,in™,„;"°/ul^Sood^^^^^^ progress of the only trut. in history^ which Se h.vrto™?ouS;,;« a^S^o^' whicil : ii l^ m n I • ' t: , i <i .16 HISTORY 99 TM« OTTAWA VALLEY. ! W« wfH A^t kfiomngly swcrK« to please friend or foe« Some old names kave dis«(>pc«iecl fr<jm t\ic 9id farms altogether. f In other cases a father that owned 400 acres has left it to children »nd the farm now is one hundred acres to a man. In other cases tlic grandchildren are on the single hundred acres the grandfather drew from tkc Government. If it be said, so much the better; let them cultivate feor times as much as was done in the past. Good, if they can. But those who know the lay of the country and the flat fine lands that have i»o fall of any extent for draining, and estimate how much it would cost to underdrain such farms and we ask what great use for any other kinds of drains will easily tel! that the money for such under^rains must he borrowed and the lands put under lien for 20 or 30 years to pay it back. Without such an improved system of agriculture our lands in the level Valley of the Ottawa will not yield half their strength to the f^riner and his wife with their 14 hours a day of toil and anxiety. We have what our ancestors had not. Ministers of agriculture and their well-manned departiwents; can they tell us anything about agriculture, except give us a few tmreHable statistics ? To our farmers this department is utterly useless but highly ornamental. They pay for it all in hard earned cash. The progress in labor-saving machinery in these 60 or 70 vears has been very great indeed. They reajied with sickles and bountl with their hands ft 30 years, now the old scythe is no more excei^t as a relic Mower, rakes, tedder, loader, horse fork, are all improven^ents to be grateful for; so is the reaper, and much more the reaper and binder; but ri»e cost of these to the farmer is at a fair estimate five times their value. Fifteen years ago $300 for a reaper and binder, which with inlciost at 6 per cent., $380, then the instrument is done. If by foreign competition it is now $120, that is $60 too much, what reason or honesty is there in charging for a sewing machine $80 in one country where k is made and protected, and $25 in another country in competition? The castings of it are said to be worth $7.50, now per- haps $5. The»e men have become millionaires you say. So they would had they sold at the factory at $25 and wealth would have been without robbery. At one stage of our recollection a man could buy a farm and pay for it out of his own labor on the farm. Can he do it now ? A single horse top-buggy sold at^225; at about ten years after, such vehicles were sent in long trains after one pair of horses, and two men, in num- ber from ten to fifteen and sold at $50, the principle difference being on the finish as they declared. We do not put in the plea that the manu- facturers of 96' are more honest and r^-liable than those of 45' 53' or 65'. We simply chronicle their doings as a spectator. The taxes collected the first year in one tow nship amounted ♦© fif- teen dollars. The settlers from the Old Couutry were op[>osed to heavy taxation. And no wonder, as almost every month in the yea, I'.iere was an officer to collect for .something in the land of their nativity. They decidedly op) )osed tne expensive, cumb:rsorrie machinery by which it was raised. We very weB renicaiher .sotnegrntlemcn had a method by which all that was necessary could be ob iined with the greatest econ- 9my. But na, these men came i*; e and (he U. E. af>d the Cautaina who were J. P.s, had their methods and ihcy contrived to follow them. Pre- judice, cuatoriiS 01 wur lathers, uuf haL-^s, all pk«s; then ©ur stubborn- HrSTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY nessto prefer our own nlans to all n^^/.r. . i without thinking and so minv m.n '' t"'' '° "'''"^>' ^'"'"^ ^^ ^ led f--m the objectf'ofthe'^ Sinn ''T^'PP^'\ ^hat could not turn me I ajra nst tlic e.lucatinn nf h^r u . ? ^ "*^ '^''^ '^'^'X s argu- *«y be one to our narti/ V.rfV.«, "'<-ii-iit.h, arc winked at because Theae eirly reformers wouUhl^.l "^'''^ ''^?' ^^"""^ '-^"^ honorah e. Ihc a.sessmVnt according to thrna'ive ^Z:^:^ ' "l^'''"]'.'^ *" '-'^•- l^revcd.andexcUisiveofbnirin^fi;^ ."^''':^ "•''^' "«■ ^'^i'"" the toil' and industry of the abmf.r T 1 ' '"f '">"''^' '"•' ^'^^''^^ ''''^'^ ^••"'" the soil itself, as te matter once f;,'.-! '^'V"' "^^'"" ^'^ ^^^' P'^-'n^ancnt as e.pc.«e of .L. s.s.n^n'rivoulc'dtt^'.^^af;:' ""^'' ^"'•^'"^' ^'^^ ^^^' could^bV^ued ^cToidintly '^ But no'nTan °' ^^^^"^ ''' ^'^^^^^ ^'^ '^^^ kcg.H,cd by assessing at;,si'allc,tT"irs'r\-"ls''in ^'^^" *" years, except to reduce tavr«! «.l.,V'„ fu uunuviiid tunes in as ninny pioyment to idlers at the eSn.^oJ/h 7 "'''''' ''"n. ""'"^ ^« 5^"'^^ < "^ elected for five vears e vin^'JooH ?! V'T'l /'^^ ''^^''''''' ^""' ' be time for each .ccdon f thc^cTu^l t'^^ ^ ^"^^'f '^^'^^^i^^""- Allot the con^pelle. to pay by%tttrr l^a^e'tre^rst e'J ""'tZT ^^''^^h'^ '^ be no expense for collertinrr Ur.,. """S "^"^^^^"fer. ihere would then co.npared'^Hith the r^S'S p'^^lJ^na S 'of' Tu '^ ""'^ ^ '^'^" trated by a blind adherenre tn tl,L k u , °' dishonesty, p. rpe- it pleasant tl>at an v nartv^n *^j,^'^^*^^''barous plans of the dark ages ? Is hiJ course o^Snerfcv dr."' ' ^f^^^te, should keep on the"" down- creasing thcVv/rS^ as Jell as fniT^.^T?^"^ '^'""''^^ '^' ^^°"«h, in- vancement. only tcndinAo d^lo I h f \^^ ?'''' '"■'^^^"^ible to all ad- bloo.ished? A^re thrv ?easo n^n^^^^^ ■•^^^"'°" ^nd offices f make etSs to no ket thr^^ ^'"''^'■^' ^'^° '""'^'P'y *<.u;valent; multXr/i- uTtn r P^"Pes money without .giving an tb^^t a few mT be e rkhed .nd Llf ""J '^^- '^''°'' ^'^^ ^"'■' ^^ ^heir fellows .n.umanitv ?^ Soik do not^ ant^ In ^ '"'^ progress crushed out as iHtle, whv then diswb Hni. J^ . 7 "'' P^''"'''^"ent houses cl^ange io .Id customs ?sti:t,ii:;';v o'u 7^^ ' '"' ^° -"^^'■^ ^'^^^^ '^ ^^' ^^'p oustry. truthfulness, hone t) burfro.rTthe^^^^^^^^ ff' N^^^'^j ."'^^ '' '"" men have arisen to interru^'ourpScV retard onrn''"^ *° ""'* *">'"' P^'wers of endurance and eml.if, r.n^' It o»r moustnes, tax our H'ic into pouer aTiJgrory on ouV Lcks t''?: ""'' '"•^=^' ^^^^ ^'^^-^ "^^r ^«r^en, saddled and bridled for the jurj^se ^" ""''' '"^ "^^">' leasts of wore a^^Sue ••^;%^:fr^^^ but only «'ir He. rock b^uSd 'sea b : 'en coTsts^hJ^T^'^f ^ .'^''^''^^ ^° ^^^^ ^-e ? •^-Ms^^es, her dai'sies and'p" mro" 1^ ,v^?:l'^^^^^^ ^""ny of an.m.ls, her peace-iovmg, indut\r o. b rmanlv'inf'''''''^ ""'''"ft^ l>eo}>le, tKeir liberal polic3' by wl.r ^i cv "e i?.r? ' ^"*^,/^"^0"q"erablc paying off their crushirg^ riakn d ■ / d[m n.v' "^^ '^"'^ commerce y^^r. ..cr«,,n^ their tclubtinn ',,;, >,!'.,^!T;^!:'^'S pauperism every TK^y love Downing -cet because tS ^h^;' ::>' ll^ t^; 90 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. I 11 Baronetted, Lorded, aw«l 1\ow deligktlnl is that operation, to a fcl!n'.y t!::.t began his career as a c«ok or road cutter in a shanty, or a trapj.cr in th" rat catching fraternity of Hudson's Bay, or a herring or stal fi-^hcr on the Labrador coast ? What will some men stick at if a thron^- is in view ? The English must be a mightily dclnicd people, that can i;stc<i to these hoilow sonnds of loyalty fioiM men \vl>o tax the labor of th'ir nrti?ans and mecl>an''cs ten to fiftctii per cent, higher than th;\t of a foreign na- tion, and grant them patents of nobility asa rewaid for their well-studied unfeigned hypocric\-. If the Sov<T.-ig.i hrsclf attended to the elc.alion of these unprincipled creatures above the common herd; when slie touched them with her little sword, or bound, on their i:)olitically gouty "lower extremity" the ribbon garter, she woul 1 hesitate to pcrfj^nn the ceremony, on cases, that if well-known, should be in feltirs. Salisbury is good at these things ... 1 BeaconsficKl at his last fall is said to ha\e elevated only five huP''' i of these single .nnbcrs. Combinations easily subdue individuals. Oft^ n very worthy men arc singled out for this ele- vation, but in nine casv.. out of ten it is the gentleman who has washed the soiled linen lor thi ' ighly unprincipled leader. If these lifts in society cannot be, but at the sacrifice of the many, they should cease. Wili the time ever come when men will not be daz- zled with such gorge, s shows, bowinp, the knees to such cniply shadows? Of late year . politicians have threatened us with tli^t fero- cious beast "direct ta> on." ^Oh ! gentleman what have we done or left undone, that you Should it'ilict upon the geneiations to come sddi immeasurable, incalculable, untold miseries — a yoke that could never Lc broken, never I o.uo»v,o, b it be crushing and galling to the last lour of the last man's life ? Caian.ity of calamities ! ! They wUl think before in- volving us in such disaster. It would load om county treasurers iviffioiit additioTial pay and compel us to look after the outlay of the money in- stead of our continuing indolence. Every one would find out what was to be raised and f'^r 'Ahat paid out. Our customs gentry pensioned, and dismissed, with every sentiment of respect, and the places iiol . 'Ihoiis ands of offices demolished, and their overworked occupants retired on a yearly allowance. Then the degraded burners of kcro.^ene would he compelled to pay seven cents a gallon retail, or discontinue its use, ex cept in the short nights of summer. Lamentation and darkness would cover the west end of the peninsula, and the oilmen would commit th^t awful felo de se, which ought to be carefully avoided. What woul 1 be- come of our investments to make for men shoddy wooUens, and co, ily cottons, when we are such imbeciles that we cannot corni^ete with inttlli gent men of other countries. Then we would have to pay twenty five or twenty per cent of their present price for the goods, the other coun- tries would hasten to deluge our slaughterfields with, they would so re- joice at our degradation and ruin so blue. Foreigners would come and settle on our wild lards and we would be obliged to import Kruger and a number of his Boors to teach us how to hold the power of squeezing money out of them, keeping them dis- xio unfranchised \X\\\{C^%ot ihe wealth and i:hcy got death. We would be unable to elect a clever politician, arnl the work of the clergy in that line 'vould be killed. The goveninrent have too m-'ch regi^rd for our Happiness, tU SUller OUi s-uumsjr iv \.itt,vr aUvti « -.^^t-^ -ji lu.iii.nj^ii-i- ,1 n HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLET. p, years that we now reach almost fu'e mi U^r, I tL f ^ eighteen two and a half millions war-earners and th. f . "■' ""fYu ^^ '" ^''*^^*^ been conducted for theTmcLrate sum "f K ^ "^'' of he country Hm Our borrowings havltrlT|-;rieZir4eig^^^^^^ well within tivo liun(Ire<1 millions and r,,,r l„.™ , ^ 1 ""■;. '^"^X "' twelve million,, mal ing in all onlyflfcy miZn fy" i.?',' LAnt' J *;, IZ n,.v=^r; j^r ii^c -?^:r. --.!t%- °„"^,i,"'^'s^^"'''*'' our estimates to be corrrrf- •> ^.^cf.. J f,o\c«n them. buppf.Mng and tcnTof'^^hon"aTs i h^nlwtkccr'S? Uncle Thomas and Unc e M chal ami a hos oTtl, "l''"^?"'- .'"■■^«« pocketing Frenchmen. consi^f^Tor men^ rs' Se-^rfa^'eT'^' °"" of time to pick it offthr sHlU-v;"„.,>n ^. c , ^^ dollars worth u ^1 ••" K'^n- "■ 'Jii LUC Stalks witn our finders *»sf t «h,-.lll^^ k« • • j by thrashing. We distribute nf>a« in lii-l , ^"^^^''^ P^ injured falsehoods that have been ra'ea^e i Z. ^^rected these baseless when the fabrica.„.:a'n<rSa7erkn?r;h:fno^^o":bS ''d rhe':^"" a™?^l-?at:'i/r;:;h,lr^thjytiircorrtro^nnSr •nd that they will not be I 'e, Ur d I," ,.'"?. * '", i"^'!?^ "," ^e no worse ^^ much, and ,s .orth little, n.uch of itLcing":;? 'consViSat" Our IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) % 1.0 LI ■^ ilia IL25 III 1.4 2^ |M 20 1.6 6" — • Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET VEBSTER.N.Y. 145B0 (716) 872-4503 4? 1 iV iV \ A 9)^ 4' «> > ^o ■ ■^^^ w t/j A ^ 92 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. protected manufacture's productions are costing much more than tliey are worth, and robbing the treasury, but furnishing some election funtis for a government that they think deserves (donations. 'Offices have been multiplied without stint or end. The hierarchy rule and domineer; their sermons do not contain tbe tri'th eitlicr about the decisions of the Privy Council, or the position of the fiiends in Manitoba. The leaders of tl c people cause them to err and they that are leu by them are destroyed. The battle belvvcen church and state has bccji pretty well thrashed out in this country and any inttifcrenoe tow;uds a return to such a union ivill wake up a power that the church cannot control, if the Vati<:an were even transferred to Quel cc. Sir Clnulcs and his bishops will soon secure the well-merited con~cmi)t they now labor i'or, as the heaven-inspired aie not much in their favor. Gloucester is .'■•aid to have hnd a fust white inl abitant In 1J03, a Mr Ferguson, on the Ottawa front, but he disappeared leaving no traces of his existence and no one has repotted where he went. The first actual settler was Mr. Braddisli Billings, a son of Dr. Diilii\gs, a U. E. L., wlio had been a surgeon in the re\ olutionary army and liad settled at Brock- ville, i;92. Braddish, born in 1783, was nine year? old when they came to this province, as the youth grew up he became like most of tie early settlers fond of lumbering. Mr. Wright of Hull, had been in the busi- ness a few ) cars and Mr. Billings, with a couple of men, took out staves for him, oak at that time being very plentiful on the banks of the rivers, The Rideau bank from the Isthmus was covered with the finest of tim- ber, offering a field of enterprise unequalcd in value. You might cut what you pleased and where you found it most convenient, as no fees were charged for any timber of any kind growing on the soil of the lands kno.vn as Briti.sh North America. The beautiful banks of this river were terraced by nature and must have attracted attention even when ii. forest, to such a young man so eminently practical as Mr. Billings, These slopes inclining to the west and south, showed early what they would become under the hands of the skilful and industrio. s, as they now appear in fertile fields and pleasant market gardens. Mr. Billings, with his men, built the first shanty against a jock where his fire could ■ burn harmlessly all the long winter nights. His men wne Yankees, Blakcly, Moor, and Stoweli. His supplies must have been brought from the St. Lawrence or from Hull but Mr. Wright supplied to some extent the new comers, but chiefly his own extensive busiiies.s. Tic river v.as navigable from Burritt's Rapias to Hog's JJack Rapids for iloats, scows, canoes, and such crafts of which they made good use, as ti tro were no roads cut or blazed. He brought a cow down the bank and ihcy sai'ed a scow on the water tying the cow to a pole at night, the mtn spending the night sleeping on the scow. The scovv got frozen in alove Loi g Island, and h; . to be secured by poles aiui withes mooring it to the shore to save it in the breakup in spring, 'li.cy had to carry down their provisions from wliere the scow was htM in ti.e icc to the sh?niy. The Billings were of c d English descent. BiddUibh v\as born at Gosl en, n^ar Boston, Mass. Mr. Charles Billings has traced his faniily name- through his English ancestry, back to German counts, of the saiae nante, as tJ-o old Guelplis HISTORY OF THE OTl AWA VALLEY. 93 of the middle ag^es. The German counts of the name were r-en of par- ticular eminence and manly chivalry. Rev. Mr. Dudiet of B'lckiiifeham showed us parchments very»agod proving his ancestors in i;\\ iiztrlana to have been men of highly honorable name and position.^'^Tiicse docu- ments of much value can bring no wealth. to their owner in th? present generation. Still there can be nothing defilading or dishonora' Ic in the line of connection with such an elevated class of a.icest«rs, be i,'oy ever so remote. In Germany, and the low countries, all the sons of counts held the same exalted rank In other countries like Euf^land, the eldest son only inherits the title of the father. Co.int John of Nassau, brother of William of Orange, the Silert Prince, had six sons, patriots, heroes, every one sacrificed his life for his country's liberties in the wars with the .Spaniards. Another young Count Nassau, a commanftier in the .-ir.ny of the patri.ots, fell mortaHy wounded and was made prisoner. When a priest was introduced he turned away his face on th ; bed. But thro </>\ the humanity of the Spanish general, when his cousins were invited lo see hini. on the promise that they would be safe, he met them and ex- erted himself to entertain them and impress on them that he gloried in lay- ing down his life for his country's cause. When he expired they brought his remains froiTi the Spanish camp, the grief of his fellow soldiers in the camp was great and some of theui enquu-cd how lie bore liimself in so great sufferings. They said he died ike a Nass.'iu.' If Braddish Billings had the blood of cc-nts flowing in his veins, his clear head was not disturbed with lofty p.. .cntions above nis circumslanccs, but like a man of sound judgment, a practical business man, he built the first dwelling, as he had made the first timber in the township, yet unsurveyed. Like a man of faith and sense too, he early began to provide for him.self and his household. Patrick Hamilton and George Wishai-t, with ducal blood in their veins, would burn at the stake rather than dishonor themselves by sacrificing their convictions. Their destruction became the eternal disgrace, shame and ignominy of their enemies. The young lady that became the wife of Mr. Eraddish Billings w^as Ml-s Lamira Dow, Her father lived near Merrickville, called his place Kilmarnock, showing his Scotch origin, although Americanized. She was s .y, 17 years old, when she married. Her birthplace was (. ambrulge, Washington county, New York. She had been an energetic teacher for some months, but she was told they had no money and they w ould give her notes, but she must take wheat for her pay. She made up her accounts, took the notes in her pocket, walked thirty miles to P>rockville, but tl^e merchant would not cash them, nor give anythine but goods, and that on' when the wheat was delivered. She walked home, collected the wheat in due time, drove it to Brockville, received her store pay and returned in safety. After coming home with Mr. Billings, young and beautiful as she really was, she stepoed lightly and fjaily into the corn-field, and assisted her husband in pulling and husking their first crop of a four acre field. Their shanty was built against a rock, which served as the back of the chimney, against which the logs burned all night through the cold of winter- The shanty has disappeared iong ago, but the rock with its dark brown face still remains visible. . A thousand mothers might be cited * i tejl how well they worki-d dsirSp-* that age in garden, field anJ meadow. Would occasional mild exercisS mmmmmmmmmmmm ■M HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEVi of that kind injure the taper fingers and fair faces of their charming, grand-daughters ? A little browninpf in the flower gr.rclen is pleasant and healthy. Ladies arc not averse to lab«r, even continMous and diffi- cult, provided it be in the lines that are customary and of high repute, and remunerative. They make, they cherish the customs and fasliions. They will drive teams, nde steeplechases, take hurdle hifjh lc:ips, do things "infra dig" at times, and for which, they would blame Lord Rosebery. Mrs. Billings was no stranger to the canoe and padclle. Steam and electricity have nearly dispensed with the labor of man and beast, to say the least of it, in our labor-saving age. Billings tried to float in cribs from the Upper Ridcau the lumber for his first farmhouse, -j-hich is j^et standing in good shape. Seven dollars a month and board round was Miss Dow's salary as teacher. This style of boarding wiicn houses of large size were only one room, was, or would be amusing to us in the present day. A young gentleman in Ohio, then an eloquent, distinguished lawyer, now an emin- ent judge, told us of his experience "going round with the scholars." Tlie males retired with candle light, kicked off their pants in bed, the others extinguished the lights, retired without light in summer and by the fire- light in winter. Iti the rising the one party got into the tights under cover; the other sat up, clothed and alighted on the floor in full dress ex- cept the boots. But in spite -^f crowded circumstances and early incon- veniences, the morals of those times were immeasurably higher than in our cities to-day. Miss Dow did not teach long, but she possessed tho material out of which good wives are manufactured. Mr. Billings setnicd to divine this and secured her in her teens. Many a pine tree grew on the borders of streams, that twenty feet long of its thick end could have been sided down to between thirt\- six and forty inches by twenty inches. This, when excavated or dug out, to say, one and a half or two inches of a she!l^, made a good canoe, not easily upset but safe. The bark canoe was vqry light, easily taken over rough places, but frail and easily broken up. On one of these sailing ex- peditions to Mr. Dow's and returning they collided with the c .noe of Mr. Tiberius Wright, son of the old Squire, and father of Alonzo the M. P., and Mr. Billings' canoe was driven into the rapid so that it was out of his power to strike the beach, or land Mrs. Billings. Mr. Wright could render them no help, as they were carried down the swift dashing cur- rent. Mrs. Billings wivh her infant in her lap kept her seat as she paddled in the bow- Then as the water dashed into the canoe, she baled it out in the terrible emergency, as the little craft rolled and to-ssed in the foam- ing waves, among the huge rocks, that every moment threatened their destruction. It was a narrow escape, rescued from the jaws of grim death. Mr. Wright leaped ashore from his canoe, and rushed down the banks in consternation, lest by his foul, they should be engulfed among such swells and he was ready to aid when they struck the shore. She did not lose presence of mind nor faint till all was safe. Mr. Wright was profuse in his apologies as he felt so much in fault. We have not heard of any one since, red men or white, trying the experiment of such a run. For several years Mr. Braddish Billings was monarch in Gloucester. Ira and Elkana, his brother? built in Nepean in 1813. Joi>athan Marble Dow about the same time in Nepean got lands, and died of cholera in HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 95 i832,thefirstvearof!hat terrible plague. We found, on consulting Miss Sabra Bilhngs, that she was the first girl born in Gloucester and her brother the first boy, that she was the young sailor on the rapids, in that canoe race. Looking at her fine face and majestic form with the corre- spondmg vigor of th. tight and intellect, the ease and facility with which siic cor versed on so many topics, wo questioned whether we had met any on- in this region to match her since her time. Hale, healthy and pleasant, she is not fastidious, voluntarily telling you her age, and eailv chatting on the events of early times, and the changes so many vea^ have witnessed. She has been a benevolent giver, and steady worker in the church, useful and ornamental in society. Leaving her pleasant cwclhng on the hill side and reflecting on the intervew, it seemed to us an unsolved mystery, that a lady of such aspect, parts, and endowments should remain to this day, without blessing a husband and his home with affection, congeniality, womanly dignity, and sobermindedness be- fitting a countess or a duchess. We saw with her, a sister seemingly rnuch younger, a retiring, but very pleasant looking lady. It was agree- S^ ^i?, "^ '" ^"^^ ''^"^^ °^^ friendship after an absence of some 5/ears. Mr. Elkana Billings, the lawyer, we remember in our school days as a 'gentleman of talent energy, and fond of the y ig science of geology then coming into notoriety. He left Byto^n, and went to Montreal' where he published a geological monthly magazine very highly spoken of among scholars. Some of the brothers are deceased. One is a strong farmer on part of the old lands. Mr. Charles Billings has also a fine farm hut has been township clerk foi years. We have seen his history of the family in M. S. or type-writing in which he traces his longline. He is a kiiu. of thirty third cousin of Queen Victoria but he missed an introduction 10 her when in London so recently, though he brought home a stone Irom the old "i:)crry walls away." .Me had a grand tour of England, 1 1 eland, Scotland, and France, and describes to the life the many scenes,' places and points of interest, embraced in his extensive tour. ^'^j ^^n^ ^*^'^" ^°^^ °" ^°°^ authority, that a young gentleman asked Mr. Billings to give him permission to besiege the citadel of Sabra's ailections, but whether the fortress was impregnable or not, she did not say, but said it would not suit, but she introduced him to one whom he married and the union was happy and productive of much good. If the history of the Billings' family were published it would be very readable and would throw much light on the history of their life and times in this young country of their adoption. The township lies in the corner of the county with Russell on the east, the Ottawa river on its north side, the Ki'.cau on the west, and Osgoode on the south. For six or seven ycare Mr. Bilhngs' neighbors were across the Rideau in Nepean and he was the solitary occupant, the monarch of the township. About the year 1819 Capt Wilson of the navy, and Mr. Otterson came in, but they Planted themselves southward on the right bank of the Rideau. The ( apt. was a prominent, popular man, whose house was the resort of all travellers, especially those searching for farms and being well informed and very communicative, he did good service to these strangers in di- recting vvh( re to find suitable localities on which to settle. Old Mr. Johnston, the father of that Johnston settlement was di- rected to where his location ticket pointed, and when he returned, toid (C-/ •>:■ I« iilSlORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. Hke Captain he harJ a hard scra^^J^to find l^ *nd tbe Capt. wa" c*^ amnsei i« cftttcd it"hAr<l s^rabhle" to this 6Ay. Mr. and Mrs. O'Connor, tbe 3ath«r ai>d mother of t!>e rich de.sccn<'-«r,ts of that name, maile tbe Cap- tain's their resting place, as weary anrl rnotsor^, they carried their hng fi^^e on thrir Irwicks from Kin;:;stoii; at>'i Mrs. O'Connor was so delighted with the jolly oM Captain, and the place wl\ere she was so rested and n'freshcd, tliat she dccU.red if ever they would be able thcv would buy the place, which they did afterwards, but sold it afjain. Contemporary with the O'Connors Capt. Smith came in 1 821, and took lands north of the Rillinjjs estate. He, like Mr. Billinpjs, took much interest in municipal affairs and the commission of the peace, at once a popular and useful man. Gloucester contain'; 83,573 acres of land, and nearly all jjood. The M' Kcnna, bro<:hcr3, Irishmen, came in 1 8 19, and who'--; offspring arc s< 1 in the region. The Christian name Hugh seems to imply French connection or ori!.iin. But in the middle ages there were intermarriages between PVench, Scotch, Iri.sh and English from peasants to peers and princes, that the name as well as many others came to be international. John Hoidcn cam.; the same year with a numerous family, and in pos- session of such help, took great contracts of clearing from Mr. Billings, thus m?king his the lar},'est clearing in the township compared with which the others were Httle openings. Many of these first settlers lived to be very old people from whatever country they came. Several were drowned attempting to cross the ice in a dangerous state, in that rapid running Rideau; among others Mr. Hoi..lcn when about eight years in the country. About 1822 the Holisters and the Carmans came and settled there. Bishop Carman the Episcopal Methodist clergyman was of this family, whose usefullness and energy is known in all the churches. The survey of the township was made about 1820, which aided much in the settlements, as the lots could be identified, and the men knew where to improve and build. Cunningham, McFadden, Brush, Telford, and others, came in after the above names, and c ^ encouraged another in clearing and .-aising such productions as they juld use and sell to advantage. Mr. Thomas McKay of New Edinburgh, got a little mill on the place he afterwards built, so fine and so large a building, and began to grind for tbe people and to purchase wheat to meet the de- mand of the settlers. The lumbermen, however, were the best purchas- ers of flour, pork, hay and oats, and lumbering was the principal business of the country, that brought money in, and consumed the spare produce of the farmers. The Rideau river was not fordable in spring and fall, or at any high flood, and the current being swift was not inviting for canoes or any other crafts to ferry over. The people began to speak of the possibility of constructing a bridge But the conversations, proposals and plans wtre many, before they could decide to get to work. At length the subscription was begun, e\ ( ry one contributing, accorciing to his ability, and IwiaUj' the bridge m'As rniilt. First it was known as the farmer's bridge, as ii was the voluntary sub.scription of the farmers fur- nished the funds to build it, then Billings' Bridge, the name it still enjoys, k I'riv ate ewtrrprise is slow, Wut it is capable of meeting afl the d^ man>'>s 01 an^ cobritry. Our £oajr«(s &( W' rks with owr metkods of , HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLET. p; ?r clownTo^"'" i""!,"^ '' -r " P'-^'P^'-''"^ "'cn to corrnpt one .notW, pcrdi r R.rir'^^ "^^ "^ '','^"?' ""'^ themsdves and their abettor, to perclilion But these men, with their consciences burned out think thJ* .s no violation of the law of God in thieving from the^t?^' b^cau^rt .s not an md.y.dual man. That they do these things vnSJ^ofZ^ S.iould they be able to keep their supporters duped a»d ddudS to Se tTer;";!; a'^'*^ ^'^^ *"^ ^^ ''^" ^^'^''^y' *»^*P« the Tdgments of men JS there ,s a jnoge they cannot escape. Our imlirect metho«te o? raJS revenue, and the covetous people that handle it, work up innumi^ ways of wron,; domg. and from tSe vast inequality a few year^ «^?E^ sent themselves, and rich extortioners, and thieves nM exaat rkJos^ assassination and robbery. »-•«▼« fim gxaac rste of Sanctimonious hypoorites are in the church for wealth, power and greatness; the authors and abettors of crime in the sute. a tariffT hijh a5 to stir unprincipled merchants to cheat in the revenue, and offi^en to otfive VheK^n'7HT^^°"^''^-^°'^^^^ ff^* « H^prove^Tw^ pay hve. Ihe two old Conservatives, Washington a«d Hamilton estab- hshed in the minds of the Congress of the Ijnitedl Stat«,t£^t bfin- direct tax they could raise ten for one by direct t*x, the same old en- was echoed by a candidate the other ni/t in Montred whTch .^SyoS. knows IS false. He reads the Bishop's Vogres« and catecWsm ^^t ?8^'hu;il't'"^r'^'""/^°""^^ **'^ ^°^*'y between ^878 and ilf n. 1. r EI''**' ^"'""u"' °"' ^"'^'' *^ f^'t «f ^r toil, into their •mn pockets Waving us the poorer every year ? Robin Hood and bis tr.?. "r"K°?'' ^''**/? ''If "".^ °'' .*^* ^^^»y ""^ «^etimes gave it to he needy, but our Hoods take it from iL poor in imposts, an! ^ive it to the nch m companies and combines andcr the nan>e of govemmg ns. Ijfixfl.T'V.K^''' °^r '^'^""•'' '^"" '^""'^ ^^'^'^ officers under^e^. ^n...; 5 /!r''"'P'°y'=""*"^^'^*^^ discriminating men, compe! tent to judge, if the commonest employee in office is not abie to Bvem as good a style as our best middle class farmers can ? Uur his^ry since i«78, shows that real estate has lost one tWnl of Its value 1 hey arc become M) conscience-seared, that they can. an- blushmgly. defend the swrndles in contracts, openly dedarij S^ ^ repeat them li they can^ The hopelessness ofTe <ise is. SSt thebribS deluded, gerrymandered multitude keep them in office; endorse S^ outrageous, unrighteous, mfernal frauds. Why is the cort of fulinTM so immensely oppressive ? We are not unruly people. The Go^La! ment is always in the law courts, and ten to one. always losiiS ^ tha should not be m law. and millions wasted on lawyers thateaSi S nothing, but like the Irishman, "gain them loss.** Tw^ hundred a^d six- teen representatives, when forty would do better and more work. Most of these are lawyers who know how to ruin their clients, but never en- nch them. But our strictures on such doings resemble the young noblo- man who said when asked to address an august assembly of the nobiUly tiat It would be "casting pearls before . . iiic." nooiuty, Poisoning assassination, revolution, must ever be the natdt at mis. niie, and who is to blame for it all ? Does honest government pro vokt opposition? Under the great chicA years ^. iford RAglM.^SiSl! if 3 i I I m 93 1 ISTORV OF THE OTTAWA TAUbBY. *"£r!?*^'' *"** ••f^"' »"c^. <Wd dtrty at the poUs in Quebec mnd fW ^'TL u'^u *^**'*'*^'^- "" ^^^^ '"»"« o^ ""^ contractoj;, the Dofniniofl ^*l*«ei. s irk« knouts and bullocks" are raised, and we have a fine flock What w«u!d the dead M. V.'s of sixty years ^^o say if they law^, pre!.cnt n.Urs m their golden chariots~Our hierarchial stretchers ? Tl,e provoked execrations, of our sun-browned farmers, and their toiiintr wives^ careworn and exhausted by fourteen hours daily labor to kect) out »f the work house, and make ends meet, cannot but pursue a class or men, whose love of money renders them callous to every sentiment ot humanity, invincible to honor, impervious to disgrace, swallowed un bvcovetousness in church and state. From such monstrous vampires ctf h-manity siich land leeches, lovers of filthy lucre, good Lord deliver tfte people of this Dominion, and all peoples in like condition. Private companies take care of the outlay, and do not, if possible, follow a los- mg course. I he bridge began to be built round the north side of the river and tne community increased. h«„,^ '"''"*'' ""'"" ''*'""." '" ^y R'""''"??"'. Miss Burritt taught fn their omner ^L'^'ir''"'''' '\' V "'" ^'^''^^'■^'" ^^"""^ ^^''^ a^^'^'■«ed till a proper schoolhonse could be erected. A post office was estahlishpH and a town hall and little church followed^ Mr Coll.r next a^ l^mLrl ? ^^''1"'''^"". '^'^i^t '<Ts in succession. Attendance was ver^^ Lu h nf h ^r*"'- , • ''" f''^'"^''' built the first church towards th^e m. n\ V?r'^'P- .It was hoped that a village would have grov^n up in tun.' but the business of the country was chiefly lumbef and potash, and no innuccmcnt was held out for years from any source till ^.n.b ^'""^'^f °" ';^<''< ''ol^ "f the Island where now there is a thriving village. Piesbytcnnn.'^ met in goodly numbers in houses, as in Cant The'Moo"dlf Rf'"' ""r^'u '^'r^^'TJ'^ '"•"''**^^ ^^ ^epean officiated Ihe Moodies, Hairs, rindlays, Cuddies, Blyths, Dunlopsf many of them X'sbiurrTe H ?'^r"' ^7""' '^"^ri! »t the Beaver'^), at Ho'^persan^ SLrnJ I I distinction between labor and capital was unknown Some lumberers were able to supply themselves but most had to beTur mshed at a ruinous per centage, and as prices fluctuated greatly, it was Dlover Pr""" ^^^ ^'T^^*^ to bring home as much money as his em"- or Nn tf^ reigned between the parties. No strikes were ever thought of. Now. the least thing creates a strike, and such barbarous savalcs aJ-c we that no reasoning will prevail to make us submit to arbitratiorf whoTarfmmThrN''''^°T^>*'''.^-^-L' *'^^^y^ »« the van.' who saw. from their New England experience, a fortune in the intact rl !!l' A^ ^^^l ""^^* *""* *"^ take away without let or hindrance, Crood lands were discovered and possessed, and when surveyed, the titles , 2!2f ; u -^.^y ^^^^l^ discovered where the best lands lay in the wide ' fieWs of their limits, (if that name is applicable to unsurveved lands), and I »^ knew enough of a new country not to fear going farther into the i forest to get the-better situation. The new-comers fror^ the old worid fcad everything to learn about land-clearing and stock-raising a:id build- rSJSi^l ''^' ""^u^**^ *° accUmatize. He as a tenant was not kd. the other followed, voted with and for his leader. T.. these Ab3 4¥«ifceci, tkc others c»ll«d tkera^ wore aiW*^ »n«>«w HmiJ HISTORY OF TIIK OTTAWA VAIXBY. 99( In officers and oven. The fomtn- with mort of the Yankees were Justices ®/ '^* "f*^^ • *»*lc t^t plca^ed hem and gave them power and author- ity which were irrcMstJble. -uujwi They had one policy, held aU offices, and soon were known as "the family compact, holdmg the destinies of the multitudes which they had gc.crned from the first bcRinning. Against their doings there was no appeal nor redress, not even b>' Wying their petitions of grievances at the feet of the monarch, who was too far away and under other influ- ences and other sk.es. This disastrous principle had produced two revo- lution, in England terrible and bloody, dethroning two despotic kines and securing equal rights to some extent for the down-trodden. A third was precipitated in America, which lost to the empire thirteen colon- «s.neariyal It possessed This created a schism in the Anglo-Saxon race, the healmg of which, though mort desirable, may not be possible for many generations We have had several rebellions in these provinces wused by mulish stubbornne* ©f the domin mt party, detrimental to tt>e peace, and disastrous to the prosperity o our people, and always ending in conceding more by compulsion than at first demanded, and if given with a gootl grace, would hare cost less of blood and treasure prevented so many heartburnings and aKenations of feelings and affec- tions, compacted and consoiidated in a blessed oneness and cordiality of the whole community. ' When a ruling party or cabinet seis kself into the hands of desitrn- mg men, whether clerical or political, it may reckon on opposition They may throw the red brickbats of "rebel" and "disloyal" in perfect showers at Ac beads of Oliver Cromwell, William of Orange, and George Washington, but they cannot keep on the head of the little despot Charlie, nor save the little-minded James from exile, nor yet pre- vent the formation of a great rival, foreign nation, formed of their own kith and kin. When they have driven into banishment for a time the incn who dare to ask the rights refused their fellows and themselves they are obliged to concede, though with a bad grace, these rights, and Tl!' L ""^ ^^^^ *^^ banished and reinstate them in their possessions v»rhitet their own reputations vanish into the obscurity of the rapparee ind the assassin. How pleased would be the cabinet of the great stretcher to assign to prison and warder in Kingston, Laurier and Mc- Carthy, as former cabinets did their compatriots, to Niagara and Brock- ville; but they may not be able. The terms "disloyal" and "rebel" are often thrown at the heads of the most reputable and valuable men in the community but they are too harmless to injure except by returning in the faces of these pelters thctnselves as we have witnessed during the last twenty years, '^Villie McDougal went to the nor' west and to thenor'west went he," "says he to himself I'll feather my nest if the halfbreeds and I can agree." Colonies anil Parliaments must cease to be the places, where needy, designing, knavish and greedy politicians may feather their nests. We ought to have some thing more independent than pensioners of the Bishc^. We may as well abolish the parliaments, and let tiie Bishops rale, then we will liave legislation as it ought to be, bills drawn up in language, clear and forcible, logical and consistent, models of literary beauty and excel- lence The country would economise with no legislattire t« Mfipoft Ml * 1 too HISTORY OF THF OTTAWA VALLET. the Governor-General would not have to "fellowship" and to swallow whole, such cabinet ministers. We once asked a very talented gentlemen, who had then spent a good part of a long useful life, wl.y he had not entered parliament ? ITii answer was peculiar: "that he would then have to shake hands with people he would not spit on." He was an aristocratic liberal. It took many years to make the roads even passable in Gloucester. One near the Kuleau was only blazed and cleared of brush and poles. This led by Capt. Wilson s to Prcscott through KemptviUe, to travel with a jumper, or tram on one horse, the other being more used by oxen borne early bridges like at Cumming's Island were of slow construction where passengers had to go on the stringers and animals had to ford it borne drownmgcases are reported. From Capt. Wilsons they had to ferry across the stream and travel down the Nepean side to Bytown, but the other road was blazed and could be used as better in winter than in summer to Billinps' Bridge, but from there to New Edinburgh was stony muddy, crooked, and narrow and not much to speak of for many vearV »a^ t'J ^reen s Creek was little better for years after Clement Bradley and Benjamm Rathwcll. Robert Skead, and others, got lands on it The road to Hawthorne, East Gloucester, and settlements round the Mcr «r^*^ pushed, and the lands occupied between 1828 and 1836 What IS called J meville, was started by Sergeant Templeton, George Sparks, and otncrs. About 1833 Biily, Hill, Little. Low, Savare and others, settled along the Russell road. Some of these little places have several names as, Ratnsay's Corners, Taylorville. From 28 to 37 Mr Gregor Stewart an 1 Sergeant Johnston settled along here. Billings'" bridge became a stirring place, as we approach the middle of this cc^n tury. Churches, schools. Town Hall, mechanics .shops, stores and busi- ness places were constructed whilst an impulse was giv-n to business in general Mr. Hugh Masson about the same time began to make his iron and steam ploughs, and perform many other operations in the busi- ness witn marked success and acceptance to the public. Latterly he has taken to private banking on a nice little paying scale He is a respected citizen, a good neig'ibur, a genial, pleasant gentleman. His wife is a dauglKcr ot ^^r. Alexander Kennedy. Her mother was a Mi.ss McDiar- mid of Lanark Co., near Carleton Place. They had a numerous family ot hne looking daigh ers and .some sons. The eldest son, a superior youn- man, died of lockjaw. He had cut his foot and the wound had healed and seemed all right. He had come with several of his sisters to Aylmer, rendering us a real kindness in a service of song at a church lestival. They had fine voices, cultivated them well, and never failed to do justice to the piece, and dolight the audience. The value of that ser- vice was much cniianced by the good will with which it was rendered A few days after this, unfavorable symptoms appeared The skill of the physician was e.^hausted and was utterly unavailing. With great sorrow w«, among his other many friends, witnessed his extreme, "excruciating agonies, which he endured with fortitude, meekness and patience and mc etid was perfect peace. One of his sisters married Jehn Anderson, a cabinet maker, then afterward.s a Presbyterian tnin liter of uivloubted pietv. One married Mr. McMillan, long an efficient assistant to tiiac very able teacher Dr. HISTOtT OF TflE OTTAWA to swallow ■ J^°'"J"''"' *"<* "•«' principal of the Collegiate InstK^, ^ held for about twenty years. Both very acceptable aJ masters. Another married Mr. Mcintosh, a grammar schooTtcacher, i»ow an active msurance agent. Another married Mr. Dalglish mer- chant Slie died young. Another wedded Mr. Dewar. and went to the Sirnu. region. One, we thought the finest, is unmarried. The younger brothers are bachelors. Three brothers of the Kennedys were elders in the church, devout men. Mrs. Robert Kennedy, a fine woman, good and true, was sister of Mrs. Alexander Kennedy, and Mrs. Donald Ken- nedy was Miss Buckham of Torbolton. Robert, the surviver, is now far aclvanced in yearu and has always borne a character eminently Christian Mr. Bartram, of Her Majesty's Customs, resides on this side the bridge beside the store oppo.site the hotel. The buildings are good. The Pres- byterian church IS not pretentious, but like what shouL. be rather than the showy things, the age delights in. It was a chapel of ease to Knox church and was usually supplied by the wealthy city ministers, who took the fees these afternoons for tlie services rendered It has been recently settled as a charge under Mr. Morrison. From peculiar circumstances it was not subjected to the hard nursing, as were other places in the suburbs, that had to fight their way to every position they gained. Poor policy on the part of the clergv. The more church organizations in a city the better. No salary of a 'city minister should be all )wcd above two thousand dollars a year, and no country minister's -salary below one thousand. With free manses this would be sufficient. The church should not permit the display of human pride usually made in the huge, useless church buildinsrs which stand as monuments, evi- den -ing the neglect of human soul.s, and encouraging the disposition and the Chnstlcssness of wealthy ministers of religion. Has the church broken loose from her mooring^; to gorge one minister and compel ten others to put up with an equal sum among them all ? Or is he worth the ten doing the work of the ten ? The large loaf and the big fish argu- ments have a po.verful influence against church growth. The grand im- pulse given by the Free church movement is followed by an age of moderatism and a breaking loose from the truths of pure religion, plea- sure taking the place of spiritual devotion. These things ought not so to be. ° ** A very loud and bitter cry was raised against patronage. Do'ibtless there was a cause To fast and tithe may be faultless, but you need' not boast of it in your prayer, but should the clergy enjoin this and com- pel payment by law, it is a curse. Were patronage necessary, which We deny, it would be safer in the hancls ot an honorable layman, than in those of a Bishop, or two or three domineering, despotic Presbyters. Is the ecclesiastic, who clande.stinely calumniates you, destroying your in- fluence and livelihood, any better than the highwayman who demands your purse? These men, powerful by wealth and cunning, rule among others who are only cyphers to be placed where they please. How often is the wicked justified and the just condemned? What stories of blood, the history of the nations present in the murckr of their best patriot citizens ! It is one thing to place a minister at the point of the bayonet, and another to deprive him of his just rights through an un- ]u8ti£al>le partiality. Inucndocs, misrepresentations, cakuaniw, and m m !i :. n u V ■ ■ \ Li J i| "; HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VAiiEV. , -'JJ**« Storms of prejudice accomplish their lo-.v designs, like 'he hjJK^ Quaker with the objectionable Ao^. "Dor/' said he. "I will not Slte'^r'^Pxu**'*^*^*^/^".'*'"^" Sohccric-d in the street, bad oogl bad dog I The crowd took up the cry as mad doLj ! mad dog ! an 1 tite chase soon waxed warm and the dog lost his hie. With what seen. ing detotion these men pray for what they have before determined net to receive ? A fake report may be circulated privately, and the party injured jay not know of it for yearv till it is past remedy. We heard of a case oi a devoted missionary whom '.ve know well as a m\n far sur)erior to ms detractors, but a fal.se report was got up a-iinst h'm by liis enemies the m-n sent to investigate took the report of these abricators, which' When ti.e missionary heard, he took it so to heart tlut n a moment of weakness he left the place, and sickened, and died amo -t stran-'crs in a strange land. Poor human nature is the same throucjh : <^c ages The pncsts of the temple with the scribes and Pharisees, wcum," all the in Sigma of righteousness so far as the linen and muslin wotih "show were aot only capable ot, but actually did condemn the IZtcnial Son of God rhcy have their congeners, alas, in the camp of the reformation. True" the authors of these monstrosities receive their reward but the down- trodden sufferer has lo wait till the resurrection of the just perhaps be- fore he is righted. Where men receive not the love of the truth, stronn delusions possess them. Under these delusions they will emiiloy itjnor'- ant young laymen to proach to the disgust of congregations that ha\ e not the courage to refuse their pulpit, and the cause suffers. Students are over-worked in their college course giving supplies, and often con.c out without qualifications for the work and the church licenses and or- dains young men who cannot answer the simplest questions in ecclesias- tical history and divinity. We observe that young candidates read their Irreck and Hebrew with too many periods, and translate with too much of the smgsong hesitation to be able long to sustain a congregation. Mr. Billings, a very intellectual and practical man, having early secured plenty of land, such of his sons as preferred farmiiur vvere located conveniently near each other, round the Bridge, along tlie river bai^ and on the beautiful slopes so much like terraces formed by nature for the most desirable and eligible sights as residences Others of his sons, as we have seen, went i:.to professions. None of them at present occupy the immediate site of the village but their lands .stretch out on the east of it. , The farms are the finest lands, highly cultivated furnish- ing milk from th«ir fine stock, and vegetables from the fields, for city use at once enriching their farms and furnishing the best prices at the most seasonable times for every kind of production. These farms are exten- sive gardens in which they raise every vegetable and fruit that can be profitably disposed of in the growing city near them. The city is a steadily enlarging market and the supply is furnished all around, the areaex teoding annually, larger and wider things being conveyed from a distance that some time ago would have been thought improbable or impossible to accomplish The demand and supply seem to keep pace y"fe^ each other, as closely connected as cause and effect, which is na- t^^A ^^ — -jj^j.^ useful and beautiful. HISTORV ^■■•f THE OTTAWA VAT.LET. J03 tn hfr!?" ^i",'?^'' ^' u^' P*°P^*^ *'*'* ^°^ » ^? ^"i* to travel the roar! to hard scrabble up the nvec side, because of a swamp deep and wet rfoh';??"'^ ""Tt of the Bridge. They travelled round the swamp tc the Johnston neighborhood turning, south-east and n«rth-eait to reach the Sivenght and Pcr.ton settlements, leaving Browns, Gambles Duncans and a multitude of others to the right and the southward. Furthe"south still a vas settlement was formet. when the workingmen left the emS SLfonT ht Z^:l" *?m''"*'- ■'''l^y ^""* * ^''*P^' '■°'- their accommo^ dation in the centre of the new settlement, which is a thriving farminc district. After some years, the above-named swamp was cuf throuffE but only for a winter road, and was waded in summer between ankle and knee deep t.U ,t was ma<le a passable road all the year round. It bVmc a more direct way to OsgooJe and to the St. Lairence. or "s it w^ called the front at that time. Mrs. Fcntoti, a widow, came in 1828 to Gloucester with a numerous family of sons and da'.ighters. Jatnrs, the Hdest son, married the widow Jury, who was herself a Hodgiiis. William, the second son, married Miss Siveriglit. Mr. Siveright in our early recollections, was a very oW man, whose son J.uncs succeeded him on the farm and was Reeve of Gloucester for some years. One of Mr. William Kenton's sons married Sarah, second daughter of Mr. Thomas Symmes of Ayliner, whose fam- ily is mentioned above. They are now in the Northwest. Mrs. George Fenton was the prettiest and most energetic ofthe verv numerous family of Mr. Forest Caldwell of Huntley. They have also a' numerous family doing bu.siness in many parts of the country around them. John, ? con- siderable time a bachelor, married a sister of Mr. William Cuthbert of Goulbourn, and was long clerk ofthe court in Huntley, a true, kind and obliging gentleman. Johnston, the youngest, was married to Miss New- ton, niece ofthe Thompsons on the Richmond Road, and sister to Dr. Newton, whose mother was killed by falling out of an omnibus at Car- rillon. They had no family. Mr. J. Fenton was Reeve of Huntley. He procured me my first appointment as local superintendent of schools. He was a friendly man, talented, and po.ssessed fine business capacities One of Mr. Fenton's dau.^hters is Mrs. Fred Bearman. James Bearmau her eldest son, lives in the old homestead. Mrs. Bearman was well ad- i^nced m years, before her decease. Two of her sons, Fred and Thomas, are dead. Another son is in Western Ontario. One Miss Bearman is married to Mr. Watson of Sandy Hill. One is Mrs Bryson of Bryson & Graham. Mr. Gra= im's mother, Mrs. William Graham js the granddaughter of Mrs. Fenton. A Miss McCullough, Mrs. Gra- tum s sister, was Mrs. George Arnold, a good woman, highly valued by a9 who knew her. Mrs. Arnold's family of two sons and a daughter reside in the city. Mr. T. G. Burns married a daughter of Mrs. Fenton They were long and favorably known as residents of Sandy Hill, Ottawa, when few houses were there. It was a pretty green common. Mr. Alexander Workman, merchant, and Mr, Georgre Lang, the great old sign painter, sandwiched them on the street and Mr. Elkana Billings. Mr. Justice Armstrong and Mr Joseph Coombs, having given up drugs in Osgoode, came to be jailer, were the neighbors. ^We had not yet got a governor of prisons... Mr. ioan Burns, son of T. G. Burns, is in the civil service, deserving a high i i 1 !i I I t: 104 HISTor-Y OF THE OTTAWA VALLET. ?^er%tgra?dfa1h\?onhe^^^^ °' ''^^^ ^^^ »^--rt. The original pious old ladf were a li dc nciiS^d 'tn'r^'"r'*'°" ^^ ^^^""-"«. ^ "^^ h? esteemed. Mr. Fenton wi f nf. Quakerism, and were very much terest in the first Me"£di7t chuSh bJS^H '^ ^^ ^'^V--^ '-ok g';eatTn whilst she lived with her son ^Villfam Th. \.P°'i'°" .°^ Gloucester, sprang up and Nourished from th f ^" ^^ ^'^^^X ^^^^''^^ ^^^ their land grand-daughters, M ss Burns J.c ^^^'T""^- One of Mrs. Fenton's other became theT^fe of Re; 10"'^''''"^*° /^^- ^^^Sh Stalker. The ofte« called at our Jw hor e^and wfth whon.'^''^"'f clergyman, who csatK>ns in former days. Re^ Mr Menu r''^ ^It"^ '7'^ pleasant asso- in Aylmer. married a Miss Fenton ftnllT^ and colleague of ours whose wile left him eight girls married i1.e L. 1 """r ^^ °"''^' ^ ^^•^°^^''-. hec seven girls, to ^vhSm, when we 'air! f "^ °^ V^^ '^^P^^'"' ^ho .^ns, remarked, that he woulcrberhie?;?''^',^^!^^^^'^^^^ "ot some try side. So did Mrs Fenton The F ° . ""^' ""'''' ^""^ ^ ^'^°'^ <^o"n. enterprising, with -emuSe of fhefrc^o^^^^^^^^ f/ S"'^^^'-«"-''' ^"^ second son who . .,^1 n,,. ^ J connections. Mr. S veriaht had » He became Eq' . -^^nd ^^^^^^"1 ''''' r^^ '^^'^'^y - the servke to the Duke of Lucca a Snankh w u'^' ^'°^^'"^' ^^e rank of ma or" esteem, and. ere he'quiLl^h tr'Jr^J^^o^nK' "\°- '^^' ^^'"^ '" ^Igh' bjhty. .eatmg him. Baron d'Everto^^ V p-e^^etu^t^a^n^^ tr^^l^ ^ So^S:^pXC^:L^^^^^^^Y^^^ arul was knighted by his tion of great Britain at C>X onL In?l -"'f " ^'^f "^''' ^"^er the protec years In i87i,hemarSG oSnaMa,^^^ ^l ^P^"* several Muir McKenzie, Bart The Ba,n£ ^f ^^' ^}^^^^ daughter of Sir John death took place on the o^h daT of n 'Sl^ '^'T '™^ ^^^'''^ him. hTs beautiful spSt amonjJ he lonelv trl ^''''^^'' .^884. Both sleep in a that far distant land^ As nel L?b;Stll7/" '^V"^"^ °^ ^"°V in honors go to the eldc^st son of their s.s^^^^^^^^ ^'J^n^"''* '^'^ '''^^ and son will be known as Baron FenSn'S' ^'^- ^'^^'am Fenton. Her bility. Sebright was the on^^Tl" ^"•"'i?"' ,^"^ ^^"'^ ^"^^ng the no in the Gaelic, fnd th^y'td to^'tnTno^tan;"^ ^"'^^"^^ --"p"^d of orthography. These facts vve^lUte^ofh^^^ ^°th forms «rtifiedtranslationofthepatentofn% -f 1 "^^ ^^e copy, a Mrs. James Sivenght. Sh^also showed n^.r'^l^ '^"' "^ '^>' ^^e widow gaphs ofthe graves and uionumen^rinh' the photographs and litho- Sjyenght Fenton settlement is Te of L^ most h'.' 'S /" ^u^^*""' ^he The lands are of the richest soils and r=rnKi ^^^^^j^"' '" the township. best advantage. 83 oa. acres in r... ^^ K ""^ ""^^r-draining to the besides the '<Mer Blu?^which with alorn'^T '^' township %ont^ in other parts of the townsh'p cou d a]f ulh ?n ™°''" ^^^ ""^^^ ^*ter management be made to smS^^ w°?h feltiUtfanrn^^^^^ ""'^ " ^^^^^"» There was a ereat nnmh^r «»- t -^™^''y and productiveness. an eariy day, of Xm."X„^VeV^".^r i °'''' ''^^^^ '" f'^--^^'" -t Bilhngs, the original settler. wS cha rman M?T''''°"' ^'- S^-^ddish since that up to date Mr ChJ^f ul ,^- ^^^Y was c erk till i8ci beginning oF.hc cti.f couS .^"rot^.S"" '"'.fffi- F'l'*th'e HISTORy OF THE OTTAWA VALLET. others hke Doxys, Ottersons r^JI!' ''^""^^^"s, Gambles and a host of departments. Lv^r^gTrk^^^^Z^^^^^^ va'Ls of the city and run to Cumberland Os^i'?*'^' '^^'^^ ^''^"^ ^^e environs Some attention in some pTaces is ^ivVn^.-o^''' *"^ ^"^^ '"'^"°r. eastward, of the h.ghways, and some larVe orchard^rr^'S ""l"^ °" ^^e sides many small orchards or warden, of o^fi.'^^ "'^''''^ °'' these roads, with and well cultivated and^?enced wfth^iV'^'J J^""^ ^"^'^^ ^^c 'hrge others scrvJcable and convenient with ^oX'/r ^^^^^^^ ^"^ ^^^Y m he north of Gloucester is the CLTful rT^ ?"''*^V J^*^ cemetery li tie way from the Ottawa bank TJ^L "^^"^^^f'y ^^ Becchwood, a place con,paratively young The foresT n'r.^"^'^'.*"''i-'y '^'^ °"t <"or ^ and walks superbly g^adec^ and s^nooth A&hT'^'^ ^^' ^^f ^« Possible, R--1I Road, and settled d^wnfoVa'shor?^^^ '^^^^^ ^^"^ °" the and examming. he bought the snnlft' *-"^^"'^ after looking around tneyear,836^ndcaIlS he Xe cl"^^-'^ J°h" Scot?, about -ch a c ain. was called the good will ThJ";? ^i'""^" ^^ '^at time street, which turns up stream a? f hi K /^^jsland is crossed by Rideau steep. - A fine iron bridge n^w soar,. !"'' ^"? ^"•"^ '^^ bank is high and wluch divides the river fntoequK^amr ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^ank to thilsbnd to Cumberland has long been k"iown ?J^h J^^, '"^^^ '^^ding eastward real Road It had been cut out ?n ?h ^ ^'P^A ^"^^ ^"^ the Mont- predecessors on her throne and as k led'S" °^ ^^l?""" ^^^t^"^'" ^^^ I'liry. It got the name fromthVL 1 • t^^ard Montreal to Hawkes- in. of the river was on y TbutrnTntall^r^ '^^^ original bndg. and for years uncovered by "0^0" planfp^l.'*'''"^"'"''"''^ °" them. the stringers but the »rscs had ^ofnrH.; ^^'^ generally walked on so h.gh above the water as now IZt^f ^^T' 7^^^ ^^re not near ^rcan.s and rivers all summer- The vSuro^^^^^^ kept up the tiannov With a current runni.U so sS^^^^ "^"ch larger '^f uatcr, It was no easy thin* (7 «.^1 . ^ ^'"'"^ ^"^h a deep volume even for uien. The^aui erl . ? v" *° ^.^'' °" ^^tted stringers nTr One man, Peter Kin?nTnd by nam^atT'"'.'^ °^ "level-heaS." ' was drowned b.fore the eyes of his S f"^"^Ptmgto cross, fell off and jn, the least. She was a d'lughter of John Sh'' ^^^''^'"'^'"'^ ^° ^^^P '"i"' ^''.npe, aftcruards a fine workman Z J , ^harpe. sister of William -t the pointed Gothic arcS^indows'ofThrp"' K ^^^^ '''' --- Aylmer IS a standing monument of hU^ ^resbyterian church in . Hcdul very honcst%hsinh,sL° HlPr°' '''''' u""^ workmanship 'nan. A road from i^hat is novv'he v"larofV"?^'^T"^'"^' "P^g^t Boechwood Cemeterv and fnm.^ 1 . '"^^e of New Edmburgh ran na«if Kro.„ Long HU,JZ\:' ^X^^Il'^Z^"" "'= ""«- ^Road the settlers. ■ Ti,e bolt for miles feck tori ?!'''■ *' «« of all -« covered wM, the finest mbcrs ■, "d^..?/ ^'■'-■^■'' ^"'^ ^" beyond it lob HISTOKY OF THE OTTAWA VALLBY. ever floated to its markets. All manner of supplies were drawn by oxtfn on jumpers. > They also drew the lumber to the ice to be i nftci', or to the banks if the current was rapid to be rolled in and rafted in caUh water. They wereihe most valuable of the brute creaUirc*' for labor on the farm, in summer living in the woods at night, and in winter fed on hay from the beaver meadows, cornstalks, sheaf oats, and sumnaer turnips; with yoke chain and crotch, could lay many pieces a day on the river. If fatally injured by accident, whether the bone broken was the leg or the neck, the flesh was good to be eaten and the skin could be dressed and worn for moccasins. The horns could summon to the sa- voury meal, or chase away the yelping pack from pursuing the startled elk. The road at first down the Ridcau bank to the Ottawa wa^ any- thing but a straight line. However, by improvement from year to'ycar, it has become a beautiful drive, an excellent country road. Before we leave the Island, Mr. Robert Cummings, the eldest soti, and proprietor of the place deserves at least a brief notice. He has been popular since his boyhood, has filled every place of note in his township and county, except a .seat in Parliament, for which he is eligible, and to which he would do no dishonor. We are not much acquainted with Mr. Cummings and know not his viewc, but if he is of our mind, the seat should be wiped and well dusted before he would odcupy it, as so many have been soiled of late years by disreputables. 1 he air i surcharged with microbes from Curran and othei bridges mammoth swindles on railroads, canal locks, and contracts in every department, and boodle in every form, that the diseases of lying, perjury, dishonesty, are cat)ght easily and soon become fatal; baffling all medical skill, and more than decimating the community. But death never catches these fellows un- awares. They have provided well for their own. That Mr. Cummings knows his own business and attends to it, his establishment manifestly indicates. He still continues to manufacture carriages, waggons, sleighs and cutters, though the business is not so lucrative as in former times. Combinations with large capital have pushed individuals into the back- ground. Still he is doing a good, legitimate business. His store is de- servedly well patronized, and doing splendidl> for a locality so near a large city, with so much competition. He h^s no protection, no bonus, has asked no exemption from taxation in his municipality. Why is the attention of bonusing parties not called to such cases P To bonus one is to put down another, and to bonus all of the same craft is to destroy the taxpayer. One such bonus only prepares the receiver to seek another and a third, for he lover of wealth is never satisfied. He will rush from place to place as he hopes to get gain. If an M. P. so much the worse for his competitors. His influence will secure tl.e more, and he has neither heart nor soul but that of a miser, who would swallow whole provinces and be still as lean as tUe lean kine or the blasted ears. He will .start a factory everywhere he gets a bonus and make the carts here turn out the wheelbarrows there, and the bobsleds in a third, or become insolvent, a thing so easily done a?id so profitable. W;i! this immorality not bring any land to ruin ?— They bone us. h, it not rcason:-\b!e that every man should have a fair right to the fruit of his' la- bor, that he should not be compelleti lo support the combinations of ilie ,} ^li^Iw ittWjt gra^prng ano ot^ Hi.S10RV OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. IjBoHngr so th?,t the best ro^Mlts of brain and 107 The bonu. e::.ablcs uV^n'trhni^V7t? u"""" '""^^''^ j»^'^^''<J ^e rewarded. do no care for t^at bu nr^^r H '' '^" ^"^^^^'•°^\ "'■'^^''^- ^^^^aps they lead are iJebtcr h m thr ^j/ ?-l ^°"V°" '" ^'^"^ ^'■^^- Mountains of the bonusind cncmaraire Z^r^^^ °" '^'^ '•"'^''^ that grant sidercd ri^ht hnh ?i\Icf *''^ '•^^'•<i' , Might .s discarded from being con- given to hold one's own w t^^ ^^^^^ ??^ worse for no chance is ^:ii^»^t-^^3Si"'f^ ti^.es'^w'a^/en'of fhTcS "m^s^^?" °' ^•°"^^-^*" ^^ ^-^ -^ --«- Templeton. one of the S^/;l',P''^"':u^' " * g''a"ddaughter of Mrs. Mr. Borth^icro^Borthw ck R d^^^^^^^ *"^ ^^"g^^er of dren are very inteZenrand en^^r^" • °''^^^^ ^P""^**- ^hcir chil- wuW say of theni are of a befS ^'"^t ^"^' ^' ^^" °'^ chronicler Jess than an acre h.,^ Li ^^*"*''"l countenance. The Island is small nH-rmurofthewatsflowT/Iou^ simply lovely, with the soft froo, shore to sho'rl "t the SLe of fhl'sa'X' Hin'' h.>h'"'l^ .^^""""^ the west, fit to be terraced into the greatest b^utv^^o ?h "^T'^ °^ • janesvi e. and the wen riilfi»,af«^ W ^^^^ ocAuty, to the eastward, iH^s; and south^^lrd StenS^^^^ valley of sm,hng farms and fine build- prSpect not excelled anvwhe^^^^^ 'Kt^l ""V". '""' *" ^gncultural fcys'of Templcton and Hu"^^^^^^^ river, the val- to the mountains an Amx^hth^^t^^- ru ^^ ^^e Gatineau, stretching up the year is an en^CtiZ scene o? -^ "''^' ^^- ""' ''''^'" '''''°"' °^ fron Janesville to Greeks r^^^^^ ^^"^ ""^^^ ^^s early cut ki..s. the only carpenter in a r^^^^ th.s roadside lived a Mr. W. Hop- merous niceSy An old Wh^''°" '^?'' "?^"y /^^''S- He left a nt preached at the- fXieral "fan e^cC«./"i!f''''"*^'l^"P^ ^^'•'^O" ^ of preaching at the""nera?orafe;i:r^ete""Mr''H'V^ t^T pleasure of making all the roffln<:Vo^-i u "J Hopkins had the of the Kving. Ihese were af fir.^ nl ^^^^}^^ '^•^^^ ^""^'^ ^he sight tJiey covere«J Uicm w^th .iL^ hrst plam boards ,painted black. Then troduced Death^ ^re flw amon!°.'h "'^T 'T''^ ^"'^ '^'"^^ ^"« i" drowning or kifled^^a" fo^^ping'Cf th'e Hke"' '"'^ P""^^"' '^''^' ^^ ^on%l:r^'^^:^t;':^^^^^^^^^ before the lands, and the boards were of fh^ *''''^i f ^ ^! h so much surrounding $6 or $7. or in the htds of some ZZX'^^'t''^ ^['""^l'-' ^^^'^ ^^^n the« considered rather high f^ho'^tv Ruf.ro '^f '^^ '*"=^ woods and a teamster with a voCe of 1^' ^"^/ *^°"P'e of men in the littk mill sawing and thf raw m^^^^^^^^ keep a the mill door. Prices of cours? mnS K? r*^''"^ ^"' *^^ bringing"^ to costs more, but we cannot see «'«^ffl . ^'^^^"^f^- ^^ the prenaration excepting \o make the fortunes thaTarela.?"^ h^'t' ^'''^ ^'^'^ P"^^'' maintain that the people who^mas ThesT f ' nl^f ^"'Tfl- ^*^ ^'^ w.h the half or th^ fJurth. wirtThe nu" hf;;;ru^^.,^°u"il^.^..j??PP'- «. ««:H«,sranccs and be able to us. the more:;cc;nsequentiy to c^l^ 's . ■. I 11 io8 TIISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. ii^ilill the more to the wealth of the merchant. The immense credit business under which the people groan is ruinous, because every bad debt has to be met by the honest men who pay one hundred cents to the dollar. Whereas, if the credit was stopped people could get the cash to transact business with as rtadily as, pay and take on anew, and be always one or more years behind.. On this honest plan twenty-five per cei.t. would be saved at the fountain of supply, and making allowance for the middle- men, th-last purcha.ser would net twenty percent, on his annual outlay. On this economical principle, and economy is no disgrace, twenty , years would show much money saved. ij«.i\\<;en Cuiniiiing's Lsland and Green's Creek, the fme lands soon became settled and occupied. Clement Hradh-y, son of Capt. Hradley of March, became a permanent resident an<l fanner. One of his daughters was Mrs. Snow, whose husband was a P. L. S., and lived on the Hull road, about the spot where Mr. Rolland, the tanner, formerly lived. They raised a large fiimily, most of whom are wt 11 known in the city. Mr. Bradley was a man of good repute all his life. . Mr. Carson was a neighbor with a large fine family. The same may be said of Mr. George Ling, Thompson, McKegg, and Spears. Mr. Harrieic first built a wharf, then kept store in town in our school days. Robillard first lumbered, then furnished lime, then great building stone, from his quarry; went to Parliament and retired. Mr. Graham was farmer, then called the potato man, from his dealing somewhat extensively in that good and useful root. The 1 Ion. James and his brother, Mr. Robert Skead, had fine farms on this road at a later date. /Phey lumbered very extensively, but sold out afterwards. Mr. SimYison now lives there in the fine old stone house, tin-roofed, in a forest of lilacs. Mrs. Simpson is a highly accomplished woman, possessing the fine conversational turn of her father, the doctor, at Ilawkcsbury. Me has been physician to the house of the Hamiltons from the Judge's days for three generations. We write from a very brief, casual acquaintance with Mr. and Mrs. Simpson in which we were highly pleased and entertained. Mr. Simpson furnishes dimension stones from his fine quarry in the farm, and ships on the river side, north of ♦' place. John Hamilton lumbered extensively, on the Gatineau, whose farms and limits are now held by W. C. Edwards, Esq., & Co., who bought them out some years ago and now conducts the business on a very extensive scale in those regions. Beyond Mr. Simpson's, further east, is the site of one of the oldest settlers in the township, Benjamin Rathwell. who was a local preacher for years, highly esteemed, also a good farmer too. He met his death in the harness going to a meeting in Cumberland; a log standing or reach- ing out in the narrow cut road in the close wood, against which he was struck driving past, inflicted a fatal blow from which he did not rally but very soon expired. Between the farms of these two last mentioned gentlemen, you ascend from either side the highest elevation in the township. Here you stand on a level with the tops of the highest pine trees in the hills of the surrounding country. On the north is the ma- jestic river and half, as it were, of the Ottawa Valley in view rising to the Laurentian range of hills and stretching east and west as far as your vision ranges over Ottawa county and towards Two Mountains, a pan WfHIIitt U( iUVliltCSS HISTORY or THE OTTAWA VALLEY. ,09 oU\ orrharH .Lr . r '^"'^"^y- ^^^l^ a mile off on the east is a larM large earns and milk waggons driving to and from the cL on the fin^ m.cadamjzed road ti,at stretches into CnmberlanS^ The pioneers have Icf an mtcihgcnt, enterprising race behind them to inher t ?heir rcall v valuable possessions. With a soil so rich and productive a^atn^osoh" so clear and salubrious, a market for their products soTaV and Sadv tmrof" :e"lS^^ convenient these p'eople shouldTrfte thcSe trutns o) the Kcv elation of God, if not on their gates and doors as wT^ commanded of old. at lea.st on the hearts and memories of Their off n^tv^ilance '"^ ""^ ^""' ''"^ ^'-'^^' ^'^'^ -'^ ecclesiastical. with^reT: The Russdl road lies south of the King's or Montreal Road runninr rJiMe "an;r;£!lTo'tt'"c;".^'^ Ea.stnian'f Springs to RuSl and S (..uiv lie, an(l thence to the St. Lawrence. Ram.say's Corners or Tavlor- v.ile hes on this road nearly midway between the Island and Eastman's Springs. PIcre there is a nice little Presbyterian church, and posf Xe -^r's ^"ev are ne h'" h"" ^'^ "'^l^'"^'" ^ schoolhous^ Tt the Cor- . m at atiW "f^'^'^ *" P'u^"^^''''u'''""fi^^ ''"'^ °"^ °^<^"Pi« the plat lo.m at a tune. v\/e think they ought to set some apart to teach who coukl give themselves largely to prepare food for theVl ers Beaten oS or the lamps is the best of all. East of this is another littrPresbyterian Jn,rch with a good attendance. It is a little to the right of the 3 southwanl. Here we met old fricn.ls from Huntlev;the Hustons Boyd ;UKl others, all doing vvell in that place. One of the Boyd family has i ^u^c estahhshmcnt at the Spri,.gs, of mills, .store and shops eic Wc wore entertained too in the family of our old friend the uie William SI arpe, glad to make the acquaintance of his family for his sake, a w^ he d him ,n hign esteem as an upright man. The Growls, one of whorn In early times Mr. Duncan was the only one who made and fur nisheu the oatmeal so highly prized and extensively use^by sensible people. Rev. Dr. Rencoul. a professor from Australia, at the Pan Pc -ny paxts of the Gioi>e, and ^^litn^^ iuci^^;:^::::^^::::^ ^ porndge and the shorter catechism. Mr Duncan must have held Se NO HISTORY or THE OTTAWA YALUT. i|: ,'if:' i same confession of faith as the Professor. At aH events he fiirnMied the stuff the porridge 's made of, and left his name to the village. Re- ccntly we met a Rev. Mr. Duncan, a descendant of his, the field of whose labor is in western Ontario; a man, if we mistake not, who will be heard from. Mr. Loux, afterwards M. P., i rchased the mill, and his son con- ducts the bii.sinc.s.s up to date. Rev. Isir. McDiarmid supplied these little churches for years, then Rev. George Bayne After his removal to Ash- ton« Rev. Mr. McCauley, who is now with them. On this road from Janesville were very early settled : George Sparks, brother of Nicholas Sparks of the city and father of the surveyor, James McLay, John Whil- lins, father nf John, Thomas and George; Mrs. W. Sharpe and ot! ,\s; William Whilhns of the Workman ^tore is a descendent. Thomas Whij! lins is father of the two clergymen, one in Nepean, the other in the east- ern townships. This table land lies west and south of the great quag, mire swamp, known as the Mcr Blue, a little continent of peat, mud; deep, damp and shaky, covered with cranberries growing wild, and whose cultivation no one has yet attempted. They are gathered by parties wl o often hang out a flag that they may keep in sight, lest they lose their latitude and longitude. Mr. Alexander Anderson, long at.d favorably known as an esteemed elder in Knox Church on Daly street, before the division of that congregation, lived in this quarter. Some of his family are here, .some in and aroun'l the city. We knew him in our school days and regarded him as a good and true man. Law, Little, Bailey, Savage, Hill, McGregor, Payton, Findlay, Johnston, Bradburn, Bailantyne, Dowal, Uempsey, Tremblay. Kelly, with many others, located along the lines of these roads and towards the bank of the Ottawa river. The village of St. Joseph has a church, a school, some stores, hotels, a smith's shop and perhaps some others. The nuns on the west of it have a great farm, a fine house and mill, vast flocks of sheep growing long wool late in June, roam the large fields. The sheds are long enough to adorn show-grounds. The settlement is French. The few English are at a great loss for want of a school as they do not amalgamate. Cyrville on the Russell Road is a very insignificant village. Its site was taken up by two brothers named Cyr The French around these places seem to be very industrious. Dupuis, a medalist, has seen service at Chataguay, where a handful of French chased sev- eral times their number of Americans in a fog. This was a source <rf great glory to the French, showing their valour, and not very dishonoring to the Americans as they only committed the blunder o( comiiig out and losing themselves in the mist that magnified the size and the num- ber of their ttiemies. They were bewildered in a strange kind. The French were very brave for so smaH a detachment of troofr.. They have merited and we have given them great credit for the gallant stand they took, and the heroic display they made of their fighting qua)tties. Gideon Olmstead early planted himself in Gloucester. Sone of the Olmsteads are in Nepean, some in Hull. Others we found in LetchfieW when we had a ramble in that part of the Valley. Gideon, among the Christian names still survives in their families. The Eastman's ^rings take their name from the proprietor. They rise in a large swanop tint aids in feeding Boarbrook. They say they possess several kinds of medicinal waters, and multitudes of v'miUnn » nj oy very hi^^fafy the liM PISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. gentleman sLnTnfby and heaTntThe ron°°'''^^'"''^^ ^'"^ ^'^l^' ^ gist had not the article said hr^??M ^?"vf''sation, and as the drug- Take a pail fu lof oft wa er fron?t^^^ ""f^ '' ^''-S*"^ '^^ ^^^'P^. viz^: a deceased hen weH beaten ^Hr lln ''"?'"• P;'V"*° '' ^'^ ^^^^ >^id by before drinkinj? Sti I the neon ' h?H^ *"^^?'-.'-"^' 'x. then shake up well Lick and drank on freX^cerUinlvnS's'o m ''Vr '\ Kentucky^Blue Around this part of the •^ownsh n rr. '""^ for pleasure as health. Clarke, Kettles. township crop up names like Sims. Hall, Tie, clerk''i"se:srn:!toire"o;Tatrmi"te?'^^ T^'^VT' P^-dl^eeper. town perhaps elected. The courf haTmad^ ^u^ constables were appointed or The first tax collected the .Jri 1 the appointments up to this time. of the township was^'etd'by rhe^w^rkm' n from "th" ' T ^°"^' ^"^ over the land pretty neflr each r tLT R ^^om the canal, scattering McKennas, Telford Skiffi^tls .nH T ?'?'"'' ^^["bles, Lees, Majors de.sccndan ts still (^^^cup/kTs a fin.-^nl ''''?'' took up the lands thei; people with anytSnfe a 4ir ™n^^^^^ of agricultural land, anci the emtfon for theV iZn The maEt"urer"J'f/ accumulate a re.nun- hearts ofthe governing bodkin our l.nHH°^^^^ * ^'^^ P'^'^ '" the alu ays claiming far more Comb nJ^r" "^ " ^*'?* '^ P^^otected and furnish only w^t wTirkeep^^^es "'pd^ X'fhe' m '^ P^.'T ^"^ inoncy and builds the railroads and Squfps them for thT "^ takes our they dictate what we must oav in f JSif !^ r . companies, and our own money in theroLSon 3 ""^ u '"'' °" *^^ investment of clunic bonused to th^TdetnwT^f .k' "^^ ^^^^ ^""'^ ^^o^^. «"« me- eive names F.rrr.. •^^*'^""*^"t of another not so favored. (We can ti; powTr? hat bTit "t'trr "^^"' but nobody, in the estimation of five or thirty mem be,^ to the Ho^^^ 'fu r'""' ^'""^ ^"^ ^^"'^ twenty- a change. B^ fTrmers are Lnt "^ l^^ see IKices to pay, and Irrpresumed ^"^ *«° l°vv their behi/Ctthem^hewwi^^^^ trouble on pipe and .oap suds can blowr'bubSfe [hrt'^'n^T^^^^ ^^^ ^'^'^ as it floats so as to attract the eves nf, i '" look rainbow-colored are men who can pLce^ v-vid^u h/fn ""^lu^ ""^^^ ^'" '^ ^'^^^'- There n^en. future prospects t^athevC^^^ themselves and their fell .w- disasters of the pasfdo not warn thl'^ ^T^'^'" '^' ?''u°J"^^^- ^he ears for them. The ha"f paTs tock'^H PT ^''^ "^'*^"'" ^^^^ "°'' Canadian Pacific ought to te^ach never ^^ - ^ r''^ "'■"'"^' °^ ^^^^ another dollar to aVblt: railway wW *° ^'^^^ company. A speculation that wHl !^. *" property of a private what^ will not pay shouS noJ be done^. "^ '^" '"^"^"^""^ " ^"'"S^ """^^er; The MeLliodists built the first rhiirr-v. ;„ c^ ^u /-i inprctentious structure. The s^ct was onlv vn P.u""^'*"''' ^ ^^^^ ^eal of early days was much cheSshed Of "^^srad t V '""u *"^ *' was said- "I remember th,.^ fhru j ^^L \^'^^e' '" the wilderneas k -pousals wl'cn H ou wU'e"; after '.l^^Tnl.r/"]?"""' 't"= '"— f 'hi« ^i: Itrii ! mm^n I 1 112 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLET. ill! t! M Would It not be well if true charity were more manifest among the men of all creeds ? Many people travelled far to hear the truth from a man after their own desires. The Curries, Pinks, Davis's, came from near the mountain range of Hull to Mr Cruikshanks at Bytown. The first, Mr. and Mrs. Pritchard rode on horses from North Wakefield to the same St. Andrews' church. It was expected that a village of note and some pretentions would spring up on the east side of Long Island, but beyond the shanties first built during the days of construction of the canal, jt never attained to anything. The tendency then, as now, was to the town or city. Can men of enterprise be^ blamed for doing what they deem best and most profitable, especially if their genius or temperament inclines them in that direction ? A few years on the farm satisfied Mr. Workman, that it was not the sphere in which to exhaust his energies, and the event showed that his judgment was not at fault. Many who would have made good farmers, had they followed it up with perse\ erancc, are now in the cities doing very little. Some are good for nothing anywhere. Some of the old' settlers have disappeared from Gloucester leaving scions on the farms to preserve and perpetuate i^'^cir names on the old places. The Dunlops are mostly in the city. 1 .le Moodies in and around the city in various occupations. So it may be said of the Cuddies, Blyths, Blairs, Findlays, who could have been successful at any employment on the farm, in the shop behind the counter, or anywhere. Having far to travel to the churches some sold out and purchased in more convenient places, or they went into business more suited to their capacities. Schools multi- plied to meet the growth of the population. With the extensive clear- ing of the woods of the country, the development of business and the in- crease of population, church accommodation must be provided. At first the buildings were log, then frame, finally brick and stone, where the people were sensible enough to erect such. M. K. Dickenson, Esq., M. P., gave a great impulse to Long Island. The village of Manotick owes its existence, or is very largely indebted to his energy, skill and enterprise. Rev. James Whyte was the first Presbyterian minister settled in the village and its environs. Its present pastor is Rev. William Findlay, formerly of Portland and Cantley. All around is a fine agricultural country. But that particular department of our industry has been far below par for several years past, and there are no signs of its rising into any activity. If all men are created equal, they soon show grasping and holding fast what they seize, a most marked inequality. The burden of taxation is chiefly borne by those whose means of living, property or in- come is visible to the assessor- Tax is levied on the most poverty- stricken they can collect from, and on all cla.sses till they reach above mediocrity; from that upward they seem to be lightly laden with the ex- penses of governing country or city. This is a manifest injustice; a wicked, senseless, despotic course, grinding the industrious mhabitants of the country to pauperism. The hardest men you meet are those who hold in the miser's grasp their wealth which they have made in that border land, between a fair living profit and a wild unwarrantable, un- just extortion. One cent a yard extra on one million yards ef cotton -oods will net the extortioner ten thousand dollars. If he sdfe Mljr HISTORY OF THB OTTJ^A TALLIY. "3 onfrtenth of that it win be oius thovsamd. He oav not smadc fik Bm <n sweetly o« the little as on the much, but the i^kLiL^SrS b t£ same, and the merchant who lives in this fraud oStihinZT^ S Te best society m the universe. This nrie is of unive«a! ap^catSi lt£ in the power of every man to be honest. The exceotioils arewh^TKJ fleecmg and fraud and oppre^ion. they are imp^S^^^^? Ji^w5^ and driven into acts they at one time abhorrecTThis is no excu?e S dishonesty. Better die in the poorhouse where their extSrtionera murt bear some at least of the r opkeeping than be dishonest '°"''*"^" ""»* •f, ^"^" J.s the idolatrous disposition of our fallen humanftv that men will worship wealth in the hands of fools, mad me.^ the most noted scoundrels, yea, the father of Hes himself; and hence the tendScv to Let wealth by any means the most unfair. Strikes have been Suted ^S meet the overreaching employer but they are iUegimate anTalmost I? ways fail of heir object, and when the toiler is reduced to sU%ati(« ana th^ capitalist circumvented the strike has to be caHed off^d soml' times the wages are lowered, and always the time lost is mo^SianTht wkh'h^rh'ands'^^W ^^''' "' ^P^ Of emplover. a^tlS^no^^ )Te I,i AU !j ^u ^y"' I^' * "'^^ ^h° ^^ fc^en in the employ^ the late Alexander Chnstie who would not gladly enter it aS^ w2 have hoard of laridlords in the Old world who got up ir^p ovfments^n ^Z^f'^'V ^'^' ^°'^ *"^ ^S« ^ ^d '^^ t? Tv^iSoT reive dBtrcss.-all parties are gainers in such cases. TT^ere are craved in The inequaHty among us sixty years ago was not half so discemabU as now When prices had fallen in Quebec the hewer would h^^T^^^! necessity The border tariff was very low. Men WTwe able to ourchSe fernis and pay for them in a few yeai by their bbors. Thfrich m^ Sow" we'filTd'th/^"'''^' ^"^ '^'- ^' "^" '"^P"-<^^ -"d became richer richer -Hol.t*?'^ "^" ^^"^ r**^""' ^"^ the "<^h man grows 5hof.W .k !!J^"^ P*^ h""*^ *^« becoramg the order of the dav Should the country continue a firw more years on the downgrade anH sin ong so deeply i„ debt, bankiuptcy mast foUow It mu!t ?uTely an Ter^ as";iStTh?^d ^° "^ '''l'^''' "'''''^ provinces as" TfVe^y Tinl !i ^ old Romans, when tyrant warriors, great conmiandcrf k.ngs, and emperors with their panoplied legends, had conqurrid a 11 the homrr.rT*", '^^^ gathered their weakh, spoUs^and p^„der home to the eternal city; leaving them hungry, houseless and naked but giving them m exchange, Roman civilization and the knowM^e of kv lC,?.^?r'" *^^th|"g.^^h^" they could get it. a career whi^h po'ter- ity has held in everlasting contempt and condemnation- and which aark and gloomy and which never man has been found to iu.stifV Lould any greater blunder he rommitt^ri f»,o., t- \. '- ■' ' of our rulers, legislators, hiri HVH |il jyi'iiss ar. J gc\ nent employees, so Ur out of 114 HISTORY OF TIfE OTTAWA VALLET. proportion with the salaries, incomes, and earntnes of others of the mul- titude. This entirely modem usurpation stands in contrast with the early policy even of the family compact. Members' fees or wages were low. There was not one employee for ten now. Their wages was in keeping with the times. One article could be pointed out so protected as to enable the producer to sell at three times the value in the markets of the world. We had a world of pity for the negro in bondage and a world of indignation for his owner, but the distribution of money and office among a few leaders and some clergy, and over two and a half millions of ' hereditary bondsmen," keep the yoke on the neck of five millions. One half million lives on the other four and a half millions. These latter might be free but most of them love their chains. We do not know one man on a hundred acre farm that saved above his out- lay one hundred dollars a year for the last fifteen years above his neces- sary expenditure, nor a farm that has yielded orte per cent, on the money invested. Some can scarcely pay their taxes. Will there be a reckoning ? Will the dupes wake up ? The jtjdgment is coming for these political gamesters, and, as the employer said to the carpenter, there will be no putty there that day. If the righteous scarcely be saved where shall the ungodly and sinner appear. Osgoode, like other portions of the country that were first explored by lumbermen for lumber purposes, then for settlements, being far back from the St. Lawrence, was naturally later in its being occupied. Ne- pean and Gloucester were ten years later than Hull in their settlement. The beginning of Richmond village and the Township of Goqlburn about nine years after Nepcan and Gloucester. The filling up after these beginnings, came ver\' gradu .lly and slowly. Osgoode was among the last in the county of Carleton to be taken and inhabited. Swamps formed no obstacle to winter lumbering provided the streams, could ioat the pieces, the wealth of the timber crop could be easily secured. Lumbermen selected and marked out the choicest portions of the lands •and kept,, them in view for use as future farms. With the light canoe paddles and a couple of guns, a party of young fellows could explore as far as the navigation permitted the opportunity, and could portage past rapids that they could run down on their return trip, and so spy out the lumber groves on the face of the country, especially near the streams, as short drawing wa.« the secret of much profit. In these explorations they required little provisions as game was so plentiful in these new realms. Ihey could sleep in their canoe, staked out in the water a little from the shore, secure from danger in the stream. Or they couW swing them- selves high up in hammocks on poles high above the reach of prowlers or nightly depredators in those days of wild exciting adventure. Gen- tlemen from the settlements of Glengarry and Cornwall explored the JNation and formed settlements on its banks. The Castor was found to be one of Its tributaries up which a party sailed near to its source behind rrescott Here were extended plains on the banks of these little rivers just covered with white pine and white oak lumber of the most excellent qua«y m the world, and in the greatest abundance; yes, in profusioHi? No ttmber duties or fees were yet thought of bein? exart-H bv ♦*•„-. a.-.-.-^m. ment, though they came t« b< rescued in tfie'Patents afterward^Mrc- HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. IIS gards white pine trees as well as mines of jiold and silver. These treas- ures that cost only the preparation, ctuild easily be floated on these smooth streams to the Ottawa river, then to the Quebec market. The keen eyes of the explorers soon detected money in abundance in these ipviting fields, and made up their minds to pursue the business. Sur- veyor McDonald had run the lines on the south and cast of it, in laying out the townships on these sides of it, whilst the Rideau river and the town line of Gloucester bounded the other two sides. He probably gave it the name before a man had cut a stick within its bounc^. The U E. L. made settlements along the St. Lawrence frontier, taking up or drawmg as it was termed the lands from the Crown, granted so fteely to all early settlers. As many of them had borne arms in the Revolutionary war, on the side of the British, they were specially favored, for they had to leave the United States and seek the protection of those they had fought for under the old flag. Some of these were daring spirits, fine horsemen, very much at home in the saddle. Little consideration was given to the horses killed, provided these young troopers accomplished the scouting they were sent on, and carried the despatches in quick time that were entrusted to their keeping. The emergency must be met, the threatened attack baffled or warded off, the junction formed of the scat- tered forces at any cost. The sacrifice of one life might save a troop or a squadron. Archibald McDonell was one of these fearless, courageous youths that in the war of 1812— 15, distinguished himself as an officer of mihtia m his native Glengarry. His father had fought in the ranks of the King's forces south of the line. His mother was a daughter of Alexander McDonell, born in the region of Albany, New York. They had to make their escape and settled in Cornwall, named after General Lord Cornwallis, whose career reflected but little glory on the arms of his country. rP''^°°'^^ **''^*^^ '*^ "^"^"^ ^'■°"™ * distinguished Englishman. Archibald McDonell was promoted for his bravery and rose rapidly, and often bore despatches from one commander to another- He had many hairbreadth escapes, hard hot rides on duty, and is reported to have killed two horses on the same night, and to have been forty-eight hours at a stretch in the saddle At the close of the war he had to give up these rather lively trips on horseback. He betook himself to lumbering and after spend mj,^ some years at that, to farming. He drew 800 acres in Osgoode and his wife being of U. E. L. descent drew 200, making a thousand, a nice httle farm. The McDonalds and McDonells seem at one time to have been all or nearly all the population of Glengarry. Hon- John bandficld McDonald was of Cornwall, Glengarry. He was one of our honest politicians. It is sad to think that such men are so londy and so rare. Mr. William York is said to have left home on the same day with Col. McDonell and to have reached on the same day, and settled not far away, thous:h they did not meet for some time, each thinking he was the lone scttl.r. Tnis was about 1827. Richard Hall and Samuel Loney came in 1828. The next year Robert Grant came. Peter McLaren in 1832, Squire Haiina, and Scr.i^eant Mcintosh, Duncan Cameron, John McNabb, Henry Brown, Tho;nas Bailey, an Englishman, John Ferfimwr Harris and Hood located near the Rideau. Cassidy brothers and a Tew Miiers were all that came till after the finishing of the canal * Tbefvtfiefe * ^11 "' .!;l' 116 HISTORY or THE OTTAWA VALLBT. was .in influx that scancred over and occupied large tracts. Four an or c.-ht Nverc required io raise even a shanty, so they had to hcJn each other 1 lie rest of their labors were lonely, each single man in his littU clearing,' till they got families. With so many miles of imprnetrable, thick bush between, is it woa. derfui that th< .sc early settlers of Osgoode were ignorant of Mv 'own tliat was only bcjr,nt,ing to be made out of Cork's 1 osv n, shanties built to house the workers on the canal? These were suijcrscded soon after bv better buildings. They knew nothing of the Ottawa above their Nation river, the outlet into the Ottawa, down which they sailed their timber as best they could till they could band all together in a raft. Tows cribs mullncts, and loose in single prices almost all forms were adopted 'to .ret the pieces floated to form the rafts for market. They found wurk enough to clear lands, raise crops, and support life in their new homes 1 hey went to a mill as far as Dickenson's Landing on the St. Lawrence" Chryslers afterwards was considered near. These, of course, were visited only from necessity. They economised clothing and had litte inter- course with the outside world for some years. If they heard in the great distance the rumbling sound of blasting rocks in the Rideau canal th.-y supposed It to be the distant thunder, foreboding the nor'western squall so very common sixty years a-o in these parts of the country Isolated so completely on the banks of their little river highway, so magnificently stocked with fish, fowl and fur bearing animals, they had not yet heard of the birth of the little hamlet that was to be the future capital of this large and lengthy Dominion, whose present fifty thousand inhabitants may soon number half a million. Their fine road in winter enabled them to travel in sleighs, round to the St. I^iwrence. They canoed the same highway in summer. They spun, wove and made their clothing and blankets, dressed skins and made caps, mitts and moccasins. They rai,sed their own hay, oats, potatoes, turnips, onions and cabbage; made the:r cheese and butter, ra.srd their beef, mutton and poultry; and lived very much Like the sons oi Irish Kings. Chrysler's mill was almost in Uieir neighborhood in war times, and Chataguay was not far away These were the .scenes of the success of the Voltiguers and the Glen- garries, under Col. McDonell, as the fields of fame. Wilkinson, the American, had been sent to take or invest Montreal Hampton was following with succour to the number of '■•cverA thousaiui lo prevent the ji-nction of these forces, De Salabery vvas sent, to harass them to the best of his ability. Hi;; three hundred mm \r> ';■ ^J.e Canv dian fencibles and Voltiguers. Reaching Allen's Cor:,u-. . i.e ^ot infor- mation that the Yankees were not far off, and he hastily construeted a block house of the few logs from the chopping, and with tree tops and brush and stakes, resembling an Arabian Zeraba, a brush fence of thorns, tops out; and sent out .scouts to see how near and how stron-r tlie cneir.v might be. De Salabery knew it not, but Lieut.Col. MrDonrl! l-ad n)k reached tht fords of the Chataguay river. This was said to be die finest, fast"t: uiarch of the war, being one hundred and sevent>- niilrs in axty hours vviti; the poorest accommodation of !>oats for rowing anion'' the islands of the lake, and the most wretched roads, he led lu's six hun"- dred men at^d about fifty trusty Indians, on which little band Izinl was ^dvaactncr. At thi« T'ti'^a' "^join*- P" c-5i-.v, — ..'.. _..». ^-j r.u cts. Four, six 1 to help each lan in his little vccn, is it won. of H\ 'own, tnat antics built to d soon after by vc tlieir Nation their timbrr as . Tows, cribs, adopted to rrct ly found wJrk ir new homes. St. Lawrence, se, were visited lad litte inter- ird in the preat lu canal tliey western squall itry Isolated ' magnificently >ot yet heard capital of this id inhabitants •enabled them loed the same clothing and :casins. Tlicy ibbage; made try; and lived was almost in not far away, and the Glen- •est Montreal, crril thousand, icot, to harass •' !V ♦■i'^e Cana- ■ he ^'Ot infor- •onstnictcd a •ee tops, and ■nee of thorns, ig the c.nfir.y •nel! i;ad j\)st lid to be the cnty niilrs in )W!ng airiong htis six hun- d V/.-wA was cuicu ur ica HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. ii; back on him fn hot haste de.scribing the force that would be instantly upon them almost producing a panic. Dc Salabery hell his boy trump- ctcrttight by the collar, to prevent ,i runaway, and inspired him with courage, ordering him to .sound the advance with all his might, wliich he vahently did. This not only quieted the men who had fallen back on his second line of defence, but it was so that they formed quicklv to re- ceive the charge of Purdy with his four thousand men, and ready to s<»ll their hves as dearly as they could. The.sharp car of McDoncIl heard the call giving it the true intrrprctation as, a mighty cry for help, or- dered his men to cheer with all their lung power, and sent his fifty In- dip 13 to scatter in the woods towards their friends, and whoop for their lives, which they did to purpose. The American commanders hearing the unh jarthly whoops and yells of so long a line of Indians, the sounding of .so many bugles and hearty cheering of the little army at both ends so far apart and tiie Indians in the middle, considering themselves in cmin ent peril, and that an overwhclmitig force was about to be precipitated upon them, halted the van, then broke and retreated somewhat dis- orderly, a kind of Hull's run. The bravery of our hoys, that has never been c.illcd into question, would have no doubt sustained them, and they might have conquered four or five times their numbers, but the American boys being ofT their ..wn soi! did not wait to try. , D^- Salabery with his boy buglar, and McUonell with his strategy, and their strong-voiced followers, wen; worth an army. Dc Salabery was every inch a hero, and his gallant little trumpeter, with tru.sty compani..s would have covered them.sclves with glory as they did, without firing a shot, but with the greatest advanta<Tes, instead of brush fences, wlu.t iM<,s,K-ct had they against fifteen or sixteen times their numbers ? The liiiicly arrival of the unlookcd for hero Mc- DoncIl, his keen car, quick intelicci:. and ready application of his soldierly resources, saved Do S;dabcry and his little force from annihilation, and won for the little army undving renown. The memory of such men is imperishable. Time never eclipses the sun of their glory. The memory of Ue Salabery is i)erpetuatcd in a monument erected to him and lately iir.vcilcd m the presence of some of his young ladv desccndents. Col McDonell's IS not so much cheri.shed in cold marole, as in the warm hcansof a living, liberal, numerous offspring, highly cstccincd by all who know them, the nobicst monuments. The "strangest part of the thPig was, that the contracted, self-conceited govcrnorTjf th,- country in that day, took to him.self the credit of thus rolling back the waves of Yankee aggression, ncv^^r even mentioning the name of McDoncll in his despatches to Lnglaiul. VVrj had some |.c>:uHar rulers in tho:«i times. Sir James Craig's character is given as "sinister, .stubborn, ill-natured and proud." He appointed ju.:gcs to sit in the legislature, and when that was opposed, he dissolved the Houso and sent them to the country, and they came back stronger with inc-ased majorities. He tri.^d it again but with worse ctlect suspended newspap^-rs, tried to have their editors pur.ished in Fn£- laiid, but thev refused there to consider the ace? treason. « Craig \y as a Sreat disciphnar.an. 1 lis successor. Sir George Prevost, ".self conceited very untruthful, whose vacillaiing poHcv is credited with man^, .,f fK« reverses of that campaign. Alas ! falsehood seems to be perpetuated Ii '; I u» HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. li down among our politicians in overflowing measure, having inherited it from their lather who was a "liar from the beginning and abode not in the truth. Governors must have made lying somehow respectable for there are many members of the House who are such known stretchers that no one beheves them even if they stumble on the truth at odd tinies, and the brazen-faced fellows that stump the country, can stand and tell the most glaring falsehoods, knowing well tha^ any informed man must reject their trash. How the abyss is enlarging itself for these fellows! How sad and humiliating to think, that men for a little unreal distmction in this world, voluntarily bind themselves in chains of ever lasting darkness, of heat without light for ever and ever. Governor Gower is scarcely mentioned excerpt in the name of an odd township or street of some city. Queer stories are told of that war. The Ameri- can, General Swift, killed in an engagement with General Evans, had in his pocket silver spoons looted from the house where he dined. Parlia- mentarians go not into such petty thieving but do it on a grand scale or Jn wholesale principles. When the uprising comes and these poor false-hearted plunderers are shot down or stabbed in tlie heart, will any tears be shed over their wretched, rotten carcases ? Will meri not raise their thanksgiving to Heaven for such deliverance and say, "Thou ha«t given them blood to drink for they are worthy." It is very unpleasant to have to write these things but the truth demand's that they should not be concealed nor passed over without notice. The life of Col. Mc- Donell had so many such incidents in it, and he had seen so much ser- vice that the brief notice here given, had it been omitted, would have left a blank in this short historical sketch that nothing else was capable of filling or compensating for its absence. The grist mill of Mr. McLaren was at their doors, and things were beginning to look up in 1833, the first year I breathed the air of my adopted Canada, then a very little boy. Hugh McKenna and James Telford used to tell a good story of a discovery they once made. Ea-h man owned a steer of fair proportions and the pair did the work of both farms, regarding themselves no doubt, as near relations being .so much under the same yoke. A new road had been cut through South Glou- cester from the Rideau bank to the Johnston and Kenton settlement Horned cattle roamed the woods in summer for their health and enter- tainment. These steers in the leafy grove came out on thisnew cutroad and followed it eas'.ward to its end, and turning .southward, buried them- selves in the woods and were U)st to their owners. These together soon gave chase, watching their tracks, and found tiiemselves at the road end without getting a sight of their oxen. The fresh foot marks, as they left the road and made a path, rather a trail, in the fresh mud so black and soft, led them to follow After travelling what they thought, a long dis- tance, and despairing of finding or overtaking them, they began to ob- serve some increase in the t'oot marks before them, forming a pathway They could not tell whether deer or cattle had formed the companv in which they supposed theirs must have mingled. Finally they reached the clearing of Col. McDonell. and found their steers 'with his stock. Here was something unexpected, domestic aminals, a clearing and better -till, .* neighbor they had. not heard of nor dreamed of till this hour. After a night of friendly intercourse they returned next day by the way ■s - HISTORY or THE OTTAWA VALLEY. "9 fhey came, with the tn!*nt stceis b#ore them. The enterprising Col. McDonell collected his neighbors, only five or six families in all, and they agreed to cut a road leading to that cut by the people of Gloucester, They followed the ox track, sent one boy before, whistling, singing, shouting, and they brushed the road and blazed it after him, avoiding too abrupt turns. This new road became their winter road tc Bvtown for £ . their new settlement, where they got milling done at McKay's, Nev Edinburgh, and Wrights in Hull, and where they procured supplies for thjir little store, Capt Le Breton had built on the Flats but soon after went to Britannia. The road having been now cut through con- necting Osgoode'snew settlement with Bytown.it was travelled on horse- back in summer and began to be improved in its worst places, so it be- came the highway to market, mill and store, Peter McLaren like Sans Bradley was a confirmed bachelor. The first death reported in the settlement is that of Colin Campbell. All the men in the place attended the funeral, half of them carrying the coffin at a time, relieving each other. The road had only been cleared of the brush to the little graveyard on the bank of the stream. They had several falls over logs and roots, but the box coffin held together until they accomplished their sorrowful and heavy task. Kenmore was named after Mr. McLaren's native place. Here Mr. McTavish was first Post master and held office for many years. Soon after Campbell several other deaths followed. A stranger was killed by the fall of a tree. Many of the new settlements had no deaths to record for many years. The bulk of the early adventurers were hardy, healthy people, and the change of climate seemed to toughen and make them more vigorous. The Roman Catholics seem to have raised the first church. The Me- thodists the next, and secured the services of Rev. Thomas Carroll, who preached to them before the church was built and seems to have been very popular. The man of the Atlas said Rrv. J. Cruikshanks looked after the Episcopalians, but here as elsewhere, he is ill-informed, which snows that people should know whereof they write. Rev. J. Cruikshanks was for manv years minister of St Andrew's church, Bytown. No doubt he oc- casionally preached in Osgoode and looked after the interest of Presby- terians as the ministers did in those times, though now they get little re- cognition for servi-tes performed so long ago, but they seek not glory of men; their record is on high. The settlement was pre-eminently Scotch as the names sufficiently indicate. Mr- Cruikshanks married several, among them, Mr. T. Far- linger and Miss York. But John McNabb and Grace McDonell walked into Bytown for the purpose, without waiting for a stray clergyman. Mr. Cruikshanks married Mr. Duncan Cameron and Miss Margaret Grant. The filling up of the township was slow at first for some years, but the rich soil soon attracted settlers as the information spread. Then with the new-comers and so many marriages of the grown up young people of the families, the lands became occupied so that scarcely a vacant lot remained, and few parts of the country show greater evidences of care and industry. Metcalfe and Vernon are thriving villages and consider- able business is done in them. The former has a Mechanic's Institute, with the- sfcinitig disposition in the people to keep up with ihe intelH- and progress of the age. Many changes have beoi made in J I' I 130 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. these parts. The Johnstown district covered from below Prcscott to the fn f^'^m 'ir' n"M """ ^*^«^*^!*^ ^^as unexplored. The next change was to form the Dalhousie district, after that the Ottawa district, then t,ie county of Carleton. Archibald McDoncll was squire. Col., Assist -Ad^ Ijreneral, and was representative in the large district meetinLr«. "After the organization of township and county councils, Artliur Allen Esa f^f .Knfr.. ^^■^^'""^'^ f°'' '";^"y years, after him John Dow. Esq.;scrved for about the same length of time in the councils. The Reeves took much mterest in the schools, which multiplied in number with thegrowth of the population. Lands were cleai-c<l of stumps, sotne drainingdone' wlf "^K"^.?''''"?';"* '" '^^" '' '''^'■''^' ^y tl^« inii-oduction of new blood, so that the old races o( part Devon and VVhitcfaced Herefords were superseded b>' Durham and Ayrsliire strains or a trend in that di- rection They got their clearings enlarged and well fenced, log shanties gave place to frame, bnck and stone hoi.ses. At first people plastered stone houses on the .stone wail, and the cold clinuitc made damp sweat- ing walls from tl,e stove heat Some o ic recommended rough casting the outside walls which prevented this d.-.mpncss. But all properly built stone houses are made airtight with mortar and bond timber which built in IS furred up with good strips, then lathed and plastered. This makes two an-t.ght walls with dead air between and no house can be drier or more healthy. Then th.eir coolness all through summer is of great moment. 1 he prejudice of men t . the contrary notwithstanding a stone house is the best, the healthiest, and the most durable of all buildings of which we have knowledge. .V*. ^^^ ^^^''; ^^v- Jt^ochead was superintendent of schools as soon as AK .'?vf I ol,o instituted, and ^reatly encouraged education. Aboutthetimeot hi.s leaving, a church vas organized in Metcalfe vil- lag^. Rev. James White was successor to him in church and schools and a worker in both. He moved to -Manotick. and after some years there, he breathed h,s last. Mr. Ira Morgan had written something he requested and held his hands whilst the spirit took its flight to the spirit knd. About thi.s time Mr. Lockhead was actively engaged in North Gower, after which he retired, living some years in Almonte, where Jis son, Cameron L., kept store. After this he retired to live with his youngest daughter, Mrs. Hugh Gourlay, at Elitiwood in Huntley. Here he prc^ached at the funeral ot one who had been a most sincere Calvinist ^ H 5°l'[^^-' '^''^°/'"^^ '" h'^ eighty-ninth year. He was born in Tuli- yard, did business for some years in the town of Drumquin, County of Tyrone. Ireland, where the writer was born. He had property in lands one mile out of that town wh.-e he built and planted, then sold out and came to Canada miS33 and settled in March. His wife. Jane Lowrv had died ,n her eighty tourth year, preceding him five years, a spiritually mmded good u :fe and iruuher. and devout follower of her beloved Sav uY\ 1 ' "r^ ^\niemory to be cherished by every child .she brought up. Her hushnnd an<i hoisc were iruiustrious. upright and successful. He left behind him an honest, .v:thful, irreproachable character; a legacy wmch his children regar led as far superior to wealth, splendor and gUt ter. Mr. Lochead lived s<nr)c years there and was buried in Almonte His wife, a Cameron, survived him several ycara and now sleeps by her HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. „! culture Slock fa rs ^mulT<r 'r T '"*"' *^»^ ^«=<^P interest in agri- in o/ s^^^i^i; :^;:;;r!::;::;ji:^^^' r ^';f fi^^r?!^:?^ teacher an<! ' nc),es, hoL made n it bas^vLn^^ -^^^^ ''"''^ ^^"^P^^' ^^^^ <i^^<n- and wi/xlovvs v^u'out' and ^ st^^^^ ^'"•"^"'. -"^ 1 avc been <^ood both as reV^r^^. I fh! k m^- ^^Y' ,.^°^^ "^^^ '^'^^ to the cmbrvo store o Co M^ Do d the il^^^^ "".^ '\' '^^''^.'^'« ^^^^ was in a good, scooped l\>,shatf It wafhot? I), "^^ "^: '"^ ^!P^' ^.)ods groceries and hquors. a genera assortment ? tV ' "^' ^7' nirn, afterwards well knovMi in P .1^ t ^ Kct* by ufo gentle- R.chard Stathe n on SusTex s L^^^ ^°°"^^»' >''«'. ^^^ times would talk of bcino n^.ie to .. P^ ^''^'^- .^°"^"= ^^^^ '" t'^ose RoodsinoneofthLe^">tmtslorcs T^^^^ ^^^'^^^ *'^^ ^^V he historian deSnV h? 1 1 " ^'^^^ "■^^''•^ "pt long so. Allison, thousand, as^etblf g o^I orsebtl\o d';^ Hn^'' """.'"L °' *'^'^^>^ crats as each carrvi.i.r on h rK.^i \?,^^-^ "^ 'V".??' Presents these aristo- trouble with the proof sheets of his worl / Tl J '. ^ , '^ ^'■*'*<^ hi. latin but so nl^^ny Gre'k a d ebr w woTd sca'me u^' -"""w "'"*^" tions and theological treatises that madrdrfficdt work ?o the n?S^^^^^ ann for his corrections; but someone having heard of diese trouWe anH rs have persecuted me.' They had to be endured in ?heTe ages l^l n <;XSutv''rr''' f V^' improvement on the mTnuS^t^.::,' urn s o! at.tiqu ty. It met a furious opposition from the men who coni^ and whose work it superseded and wrecked ^ The people cf Metcalfe have built a splendid hall in their vi!la.r.. nnd were preparing to have it opened by Mr Ira MonAii who h Ji K ^' Tpil^^r '^?vf P"'"'^ T^'c^ '"^ h'^ -clden death grthedec^^ •n Klgm street, threw a pall of horror and sorrow and surori^ ovrr iH *e communttv. Thi'v rarrJ^x ;« hi^ rf^tn^; - surprise over ti»e i tothc ceni*'t,.rv Mr7 M -j ^^.^^^ "=* »=* ^n^y were taking him I tetftc cemetery. Mrs. Morgan resides m the city, an amiable lady, who 122 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. had been married only fourteen months when she suffered so k'^enlyfclt a bereavement, in which she had the sjinpathy of the whole community, A. T. Baker, Esq., M. P. P., succeedcti Mr. I. Morgan as Reeve, for sev eral years a gent.-man of great popularity and enterprise- The schools bad reached twenty in number for some years before this time, and the buildings were greatly improved in appearance and accomniodntinn. Farm houses multiplied. Young families live near the old homes of their childhood. Most of the children and grandchildren of the pioneers an; still their representatives on these old farms. Some have gone to the city and to the west, or got into situations suitable to their tastes ami capacities. The villages are growing and business is on the increase. The best history of a place is the success of honest industry of the people, and the fortitude with which they endure and pass through trials and tribulations when they come upon them. Kenmore has some fine shops producing good agricultural implements. Under-draining, a necessity al- most everywhere, is essentially so in these level [)lains, like what Ameri- cans out west call "bottom lands." By this simple process of lettin;^ out the water the heavy clays loose much of their adhesiveness, become more porous, drink in much of the rains that leave the ammonia, the plant food in soil, as they filter or leech through. Besides this the v. ater running all winter from the lower earth pre- pares that on the surface for imbibing the snow water in the spring, in- stead of its lying on the thick, wet soil till cvfiporation in the sun carries it away, making the seeding so much later, and keeping the soil several degrees colder. Then drained lani! is ready for every shower which disappears under the roots of plants, instead of lying visible till absorbed in the atmosphere. This gives nutrition to the plants instead of sadden- ing and turning the soil into an acid condition, injurious to plant life. On this common sense plan of agriculture, the land, being warm and dry, can be seeded early, the plants will be better nourished and mature in some less time, and be very much better in quality and weight than on wet, carelessly tilled soil, with a shade less cost of labor. Farmers cannot now give working men twelve dollars a month and board all the year with wl eat below seventy cents a bushel, and beef and pork, four and a half to five cents a pound, everything else in proportion. All that can possibly be done by machinery must be so done and the land better cultivated. The experiment might be tried, of giving double or treble cultiva- tion and leaving more in grass, so that with good dre.ssing, the quality and bulk of the returns might be greatly increased. The land being put into far better condition would be more satisfactory to the owners and opccators. A friend of ours remarks that the satisfaction of looking at animals well-formed, thriving, improved breeds is a compensation in part at least for the care bestowed and the provisions expended on the ani- mals. It will require great labor and much outlay to improve the land sufficiently, but the stock taken in one's own farm may pay better tlian taken anywhere else, and will not be exposed to burglars or bank rpbbers, or the bursting of other bubbles that are only lotteries. The Govern- ments of most countries have become too burdensome for the po©r men- dicant multitude to long endure. Some talk of, the government of tkc ueopie, by the i>coplc, and fur ihcir bctieru. ib ihal the case ? Li ii ii<X HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 123 for the wealthy, and by the wealthy ? Oligarchies go under the soft name of democracy. Every man s^ecms approachablf by money The people are the source of all income and thase that rule in^c^y an^d coun JS'pocket't'" '°"''''"' ""' ^° •°"">' ^"^ "'^h so much d^nJty Xy Rev. Lyman Beecher is reported in a prayer to have said "trrant that we may never despise our rulers and grant that they may not so ac as that we cannot help it." It is sad, pitiably sad, that^m^n^elected to high posts of honor throw away all responsibility knd honestv comoe? hng people to treat them with merited contempt^ ministers o "the G^I" pel and mmisters of the Crown to be capable of uttering untruths and domg dishonest deeds destroy at once in the minds of ma^w a ? regard for rel.gion and cv.lhberty, make agnostics, socialists and infidclf n crowds and thousands. Instead of building up the church and renovating the state, making society healthy and happy] they do ail they can to d2 solve the fabric of society and bring dire confusion. The low state of morals and positive irreligion among public men fl.n.iug ou^ in their pubhc actions, has driven people to the conclusion that they are actuated by no principle, but hold truth, honesty and righteousness in contempt This naturally produces Patrons. P. P. Associations; oppositions of co^y kind It IS surely a plain palpable fact that if the lea iirsofa legislaturi would begin their career by an honest endeavor to do jusdy an?kee > to l^htV/ ^^r'"^ ^Z "° oppositions, except by men without princip e that could not long be maintained or supported. Would men of the mental calibre o Hons., Louis Joseph Papineau. William Lyon M.Ken if'^ U^ ^Ti^y- rV.^."'^"*'^" ''''^' '^^■"•"'^"t names aT ChanccUor Blake. Hon. Edward Bake. Baldwin. La Fontaine. Rolph. Nelson Brown. Donon, Sicotte, J. S. McDonald, Alexander McKcnz e, W Ifrid Laurier, Sir R. Cartwright. and not least, Mr. Daiton McCarthy with a host of other giants in intellect, politics, law and literaturc-wo^uld rnen i.n .h?. ''"'f"'''^P"*^''°" on going into opposition to a GovTm- rbi;Ud'L"n'e^stly'r'°""^ '° ^°^'^^" ^ P^°P'^' ^"^"^ °^ ^-^' — pt- If the people who furnish the public money and control the elec- tions, could be induced to think what misery they are entailiu'r on tl e^ own offspring for long continued generations, they surciv would be in- duced to make a change in the leaders of their parties. If half our em- ^^iXr/h P|"^'?^5 °^' h.^'^ ^h^ boards of Government dismissed ami aDolwhcd. the Senate discontinued, and the representation reduced to "^A A '" *j^^^^D°'»'."'0" and the provinces, ail permanent salaries much reduced, and the business of the country simplified, things would begin U. return to a normal or a reasonable course, and a healthier tone woSld be felt. We are top-heavy. The country cannot endure the burdens now upon its back. It is the last ounce. Should any party, Tory Re form, Patron, Protestant Protective Association or anv other delia'ht in bnngina; oil a rcign of terror ? These Michacvils, Ahifhophels and ludas Iscanot will have a hot time hereafter and even here sometimes fi^ comes from one party and devours the other. The prophet is commis sM^ned to say "I wiU kindle a fire in the house of Mai^d'a 'd i^shaH de iscf is ii not "«)*r the aalaices of Bea-ha^e«i .*kii«!»Cv ^5^ ^wt« li tft biame Thi.s would be a (icpiorable state of 124 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VACLET. That such men arc prosperous and so powerful for evfl, seems to re- flect on the GoverniTient of the world; but not more so than that Islaoi- ism gained a larpje portion of the human race. Or that Gcngis-Khan and Tiniour or Taniarlrtiie conquered so many tribes and his descendents held the sceptre till their overthrow so recently at Delhi, where the fa- mous Major General Nicholson lost nis life in storming the city, himself the jjreat prominent figure leading on the heroic few that entered the breach and drove before them the hoards of sepoys, as he sat terribly disabled, and cheered them as they delivered their running fire and cleared the place of its scores of thousands. A number of the Hindu priests called at the camp of Major General Nicholson, some years earlier than the revolt and asked to be shown the General's tent On being conducted into his presence they prostrated themselves and per- formed their devotional services to him as if he were some divinity. He looked at them till tlicy concluded. He then ordered each priest to re- ceive a number of stripes of a moderate order on the bare shoulders for a punishment, charging the sergeant to see that it was not .severe, then or- dered them into his presence and explained to them that he was a man like themselves, and that their actions were rank idolatry, and none should c'arc to worship any but the true God. Nevertheless a sect was organ- ized among them, called the Ni-col-Seens. The curse of the Lord is in the house of the thief though he know it not ia his wealth and diversified de!ight.s. Osgoode has now a great number of post offices, with facilities for daily mails to most of them. There is a large mileage of macadamizr<l roads running through various parts of the township and in a good .si of repair for travel. A daily stage runs between the city and Metca,.^. The Byfovvn and Prescott Railway, now the Ottawa and St Lawrence, lies on the west side of the township and east of the Rideau river. Thfs was one of the earliest built roads in the Dominion. The able president of the company, the man who engineered it through difficulties all but insuperable, was the late talented Robert Bell, Esq., for several years M. P. for Russell. Mr. Bell began his career as a surveyor or civil en- gineer, and excellent he was at that employment. He became editor of The Packet \\\\\c\\ he purchased from its founder, Mr. Harris, who was ap- pointed Crown Land Agent for Renfrew. Henry J. Friel, Esq., who was sometime after Mayor of Ottawa, was associated with Mr. Bell. The latter bought out tie paper and became sole proprietor and editor, and changed its named to 77w Citizen. Mr. John George Bell was the assist- ant editor and manager of The Citizen^W his short life. His father, Mr. John Bell, was a merchant from Clonis, County Cavan, Ireland. Mrs. J. G- Bell was a Miss Dc Ortell from Quebec. Two of h« .sisters ate the widows of Mr. Samuel and Mr. Hugh Davidson, gentlemen who were highly respected in their lifetime. The former, an upnight man, was Rec\c in his township and county for many years. The railway far mouc tiian tb.e paper taxed Mr. Bell's ingenuity and energies to the utmost. The Govcrmr.ent of that day had not learned the happy art of bor- in England and involving the country beyond remedy in debt to combines aterrais, ro\'. ii li.ai.e railway kings, cotton and woollen princes, and unholy a^rainst the nuiltitudes. Free road bed.s, free importation cf *}^' aiui len thousand doiiars a miic out oi the public iunds, borruucu with a HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 125 blue prospect of ever be.nfr repaid, were not then common, with miUions of acres of land, free even of taxes, all handed over to irre ponsible corf porations with the power of taxing the public as they please in thdr carrym,. traffic Therewith innumerable other advan'^^ages L gven i.nder forms of law. In other countries wealthy men form comnanies and carry out j^rcat enterprises under Government contro anrregu a- t ons and ,nc.-case their wealth, just as men embark in business wTthout the bonus, to bcfrgar the people and enable them to dictate prices In many cases these bonuses are barricaded so as their very work- men cannot sc,/,e for the arrears of wages. Such a .state of things dreply ..Id dangerously corrupts the morals of a people; influences thefr leader^s for V. th.nkmg that what is the practice in high life, cannot be so bad Iter a 1 for imitation by poorer people. The Government ab.solutely re u.scd to let a private company touch the C. P. R. when that company ad a number of names m it, po.sscssing great wealth, and in their hands the road would not have cost the country half what it absorbed as it was eventually constructed. The Montreal Star raged with fury at the small p.ckmgsofsomerascal.s connected with the poor Mercier cabinet; now he IS vvell pleased, employed with the present Quebec men who will not mver their salaries, nor economize, nor dismiss useless officers, nor abolish the T cgL^^l.-itive council, though they have to borrow at unreasonable rates |md ax Montrea directly to pay the interest. This is a humiliation for ^'f/P<;^liat dismissed a cabinet for a trifle, because opponents Air. Jicil and his company had not wealth enough to build a road but had to borrow from the banks. Lumberers, merchants, farmers en- < '>'-sed his paper and when the notris matured, retired them by new riiade (.nes. VVe had these facts from some of his endorsers. He told us himself of a Welsh company, Lbwyvale/' we think he called it, which aided him greatly with good, kind treatment, and suffered not in the transaction i he banks, especially the Quebec, were friendly and were no loosers' in.sfricnds were legion, and we never heard a man speak of him but wished him success. Many a one spoke to Mrs. Bell of the seeming im- ros.s)bihty of canyiitg it through, for obstructions insuperable, rose before lie minds of many, but she always replied : "Robert is adequate to the t.|M<. bhe was like many that adorn our pages, a superior woman. No ol>.cr man then in the land except Alexander Christie, who was em- ployed al.out the same time on the New York and Erie, could engineer .such an undertaking in the circumstances. It was navigating a craft against acucrsc winds on mountain billows. He was amongthe intellec- tual giants of the age. He sacrificed much in the indertaking, but he completed it with honor His company decreed him a dinner at the con- siimmation. Maiiy old Scotchmen and Irishmen were at the banquet J cmperance had not nia<!c great inroads or encroachments then on the rights of man. To bec( iie mellow was only a veniel sin. They could •sleep the thistle, or drown ti c shamrock, or float the rose without note or comment from prying outside inter-meddlcrs. When the ''whistle •AAs wet, the "clay moistened", the stern disposition softened down con- siderably. J'at. Jolin and Sandy .-unoundcd him. Th.cir congratulations were honcsi. tnciuJly and warm as tlic hearts from whcrce they issued an tak d tak in< ccly extended hand in theii'firm grasp. One old S ing him f(^r a coimtryman of his own and for the h cot onor of the old knolls and hillsides said : "Misther Bell, folk ivery whar ken that the saat o' the earth." were V, :v ii *{-.: ■:mM ia6 IISTORY OF Tin: OTTAWA VALLEY. Bell had head and intellect to be the first minister of tlie Crown in any country. He was very benevolent, possessed great conversational powers, and sparkled with anec<lotc to overflowing. Some of our readers will perhaps remember that the Grand Trunk took its straight line three miles to the north, Icavinp Kingston out in the cold. The connection had to be made by "Bdss." Mr. Bell had ^'ot hold of the «loor and his foot on the step going in, when at a glance he saw some Cabinet minis tcrs, and the fine face and well devebped form of the Hon. George Brown at the other end. "Oh," said he, "you arc all honorablts here." Come on Mr, Bell, said Hon. George. If Sir Edmund Head remains a little longer ycni will be an Hon. too. How many do you think he has made already? I would have to count them, said Mr. Bell. Well, thirty-nine, said Mr. Brown. It reminds mc, Mr. Brown said, of the la^^ lord in Scotland, Chief Justice Kaims. He had just married his fourth wife, and was goinp down Princess street, Edinburgh, when an old apple woman at a corner raised her pious hands in devotion and said : "Gid spare you Lord Kaims." His Lordship stopped and looking very keenly at the old lady, said, "Why do you say that, my good woman ?" "Ah 1 gin ye leeve lang enough, ye'll mak' us a' leddies. Leaving the Union station, Ottawa, the first stop is made at Chaud- iere Junction. The old original line between it and Ottawa is little used, as trains do not leave Sussex street now as of yore. A few minutes brings you to Gloucester station, a mere halting place, as no business or buildings worth any mention appear. The next is Manotick in the swamp of old, not much meets you but mosquitoes. This is the shipping place for the village of Manotick three *niles off. The place around is good for agriculture and stock raising. Osgoode station is some miles faribcr south on a fine plane of land. It appears to increase with comfortable buildings, shops, barrel factory, hotel, school and churches. Dr. Allen is physician. Rev. J. Lockhead preaches Sunday evenings. Rev. Wm, Lockhead, his brother, was ordained at Renfrew, spent some years there, then removed to Fenek>n Falls. After many years there he removed to Mandauman, where the late Rev. James Chestnut < Hiciflted. A fine country road connects Osgoode station vith Wellington. The road ter- minates at Prescott, but has been swallowed up by tfat pelican o< the Canadian desert, that has shown such a vampire appetite for little rail- roads, lands and money. It would have swallowed tlu Grand Trunk but for its length which wottld havebetn like the ed witli the crane. We doubt if any man can te4t what that road has cost, but if it has beggared us with debt, it has made scvaral millionaires. Accor( ng to the reason- ing of a Cabinet minister, it was to carrj' the coroirierce of the east. With its traas contirvantal, double oceanic route, it wiS probably close or dry up the Suez Canal, and by its so often breaking bulk, enrich the day laborers at each' end, keepnifr so many Tr.<^:c men in tke country, and in- creasing largely the home market. The kindness of our Go\ ernment to railroads and banks is proverbial; and .shouki command the gratitude af tVe working classes, or if they had not five cents in the pocket of their » KR'^ pants,?>bccause they well know that tiw country is rich and Ub«t theic is plenty piled up in the baulks for an> ejection to secure for rep*»> sentatives the friends of the wealthy, who can in turn buy so much »•■ from the poor producers. HtSTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 137 Quebec is looking up the high salaries of their ofTicials, enabUng them to buy sa rauch more provisions from the farmers that they will soon wipe out their httlc debts of $30,000,000. The habitants, but especially riu Montretd Star, are to be congratulated on their wisdom and steady pcrsevcnnce m the choice of such wise and upright legislators. Rei estate will soon increase in value, though it sadlv deteriorated The Os- poo. -> people, say two fifths, have fallen off in fifteen years, every dol- lar b; .iij;nt down to sixty cents. How pleasant it must be to h'ave a policy supported by your friends that in eighteen years has reduced y(.tir lands two-fifths in value and in five years more will bring them to one half. Wild lands are an exception for tlic grants to the railroads, t one dollar an acre, were bot.ght back at two dollars an acre, because ihc government so badly needed these lands for prairie preserves, to en- courage the ulcrease of wild game; and cash was plenty. The -veraee salLry of the clergy would not reach the average pension of the retired employees of the Government, whilst the average wage of laborers with no hope of pension, will not go halfway. Reform is much reeded to keep orr topheavy system from toppling over altogether. The growth of families have enabled them to improve school houses and dwellin»r houses in spite of the depression and bad times, and it is said that a con- tract luis been let to remove mud from the Castor at $500 a mile We lav c not learned the particulars. The government that buUds railroads s'ould open these streams as so much of the health of the country is at stake. They would build to James' Bay or Greenland, and borrow $^00- oc 0,000. but they would not in-.prove the flooded streams by a few ta(nt'%.\nds. ' The people of O.sgoode may be congratulated on the fact, that with tic.nnjonty of the people of the.se provinces, they have no sympathy \\ita t. ese false principles and do not endorse them. It is stranee that poll'' i^ns carinot keep to the truth. Can falsehood be a foundation on \vii;c:i to conduct the government of a people ? We remember a Judge fjo.n Michigan, .ctumping in New York, pointing to the low wages and tic slarvmg condition of the working people across the line in Canada ulicn nine-tenths of his audience could have contradicted him on the ■''?[■ T/^e"\working people then had sixty cents a day without board in the fall and nothing to do in the winter. This we know and can «ve i;c tv.dcnce. We can give a case in the church courts; a clergyman :-.c c.,iirman of a committee, appointed to get the arrears of salaiv col- I' ct. . gave in wnting, the .statement, that there was no sum specified ©r prounsed to the minister by the congregation; consequently they did not owe anything. One member of the court had mo<ferated the caH wii,; -the amount to be paid. The brethren had sustained the call, and .ndi.> ed the man and settled him in the congregation; vet these men Ntti u-e whcntiiey knew he was falsifying, and adopt^ed this mon- stro ^ly fal.se report, and engrossed it in their records. If this should be cslu d in question we can produce the records. Politicians make it fen- ib.c and lasnionaole, to kill with this dry rot, every principle of truti, irsvice vxr.a lu.r.or in the community. The clergy follow the politicians! -.1 -1 e ,b: ow and i?!ittcr of the rn>!nrlf.a« w.Vf/-^r;-» /%f fu« d^_,-,-_ u .0 suppon . c despotisms of the Euiperors, all the gay do*' •• of the c. V uhcrs coiw-. not prevent a revolution, whjch alone sa\ . country m^ m ) ' " 138 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLET. and Wte 1 »t Mft ©f the low d?K'"'^''^l'on •" which the Impure kin^s, (]44aeHS, Prince Ruperts, etc., had involved it, by ahnost pro.uiscuous inter! course of ti\e sexes, court beauties, and ladies and gentlemen of fashion and styie. tFalfie leaders in the state deceive, impoverish and enslave; false leajv-rs ia the church make metchandi.sc of their hearers. We have found nnany rc:^ iy, even in the Ottawa Valley and city, to condemn the vices of the leaders, that act only as deceivers for their own gain; but they have hardly the moral courage to dismiss these men and get betler ones. Some get soothed up, and the purchasable get bought up, at>cl ihe wretched degredation goes on, till the stubble and brush get dried up .so that the application of the match produces a conflagration. The tle- (:ci\ersare cast off. New men man the ship and a prosperous voyage begins, the nation is lifted to a higher plane, or experiences a renovation, tionest: men look back, make comparisons, and ask themselves how or why they endi-red so long a humiliation so deep and so shameful ? Our coninuiiiity is sunk very low in its morals. The love of money never seemed to us so cjrcator so intense, and men never before seemed to us so unscrupulous in the means of acquiring it. Nothing could be more disgusting or appalling to an honest mind, than the way public funds are wasted on the vilest scum of the community. If the people have taken a stand for reform, it was not till "the last hough was in the pot," till the treasury was empt\', deficit after deficit was run or suffered, all sources exhausted, even that of barrow ing scarcely possible. The prodigal's rags carefully examined may lead to a new resolution in favor of a re- formation. It may be admitted that when the burglars have done their horrid work of breaking up and carrying away ©ur all, it is not easy to face the butcher and the baker, the coal man, the tailor, the doctor, the coal oil agent, not to mention the grocers and drygoods men. The country is reduced to the deepest poverty, and sunk over- whelmingly in debt, and nine-tenths of the money is stolen from us, and is in the possession of the millionaires who own the railroads, and vc may say the canals into the bargain, especially the Tay canal. The people are largely to blame. They know that to elect such vultures is to debase their country and th.cnisclves. If those who are now elected would take for their model t!>e Long Parliament and investigate the ras- cality of which some yet left in the i louse are so deeply implicated in, and measure out their dues to the tyrants, expose their fraud and de- ceit, they would elevate the state into a healthy condition. King Charles I. raised loans by Privy seal. Our Charlies raise loans in Eng- land and put us in for them without benefit, except the privilege of pay- ing very sweetly for the seat on their car, or walking behind their chariots. Their promises amounted to nothing as there was no performance. Mag- nificent improvements, increase of wages, short hours of work; in a word, from three to five times the outlay nece.ssary to house these employees; and the .same proportion between their salaries and the earnings of ll»c whole people that support them. Let us have things i« proportion. We fllo not cry down wages, nor is it any advantage to cry them wp. If the farmer cannot [>ay the hired help he must cease to employ. Rewards SnuUiC: ID cut' a .'laucm to Lsc perrurnianccs. me uianusacttircr ottsuUi not receive more for Ms fnvoatmcDts tkan in the rati a %( IkK laborer ca- HISTORY OP THB <riTAWA VALUY. " ' ,a^ ytiyed, - the merchant awW ht* ^>— ^. *a^ : ^^. can {jet but what thev arT-^orS!! "•?«*»?'*^^re!H not wtiathe falsehood forevir reign ? * ' '''^' *"'' '"J""^'*. "-d f«ud, and lan.,'"wS„' r^r.^n^Tu-bS I" Ua'nsffiontf STs "^ T"^ ^T Anjlo-Saxon, few of the 0600^0™^ .1^ Lj!5f ^'<"^ '" 'he fr«« the country and hid w e^al'o ihe N^^"h '"«-'"'« These ^formers were detcrminedTo Sit the Scr?.S^?„'^tl,"K°T"; » M "r?"'"' ""'■ ""y publbhed what waJ'S^n J^L^r '*' "' Wicklift prepared a versinn in h;« «,^i.u- i. '»""»c people. John 10 after the correction, and ^a-. Jd wor'w'ihli';^" ^T""^ ter p«t |>)m« for puce "Blessed ,re the "oW'^iT^?^,-..?" "^ T.*?"?"^. •" *' Dominio.., fr^m S^^inS^^^Ter IL, I^M*^ aid to Its death under Dr. Tu.Der chu 5 nliiS. k i • ^^. "<:Do» »me cases, lik; the 'X?^akei?t. th.^? K A*" 5?' ™PP"<:»l>'e to deformed liwyers, desp,.iri"e po^tic'ais a 1 ^, ?V t=!P°']^'' "•*"»• desperate casis, l^ave'Vounl ^rea ckmencl fr^ fi"*' ^"rfP''''":^. iTfi:^reSs-SB£?S'^^^^^^^^ .handful of people. cntirely^naTqua t^t. b^ar s^^^^^^^^ or end over are fat places, for these unprincipled plund.re,^ i^t. l'^^^^^^^^ Inc plac^ (orthe wetfare of anv in the land hn^ fh«r« i ? ^ notlungin view of their own, to keq^ h«m o ^ver n oSce ^nd 'n"^ '° 'T*^'^ ^"PP-rten aim and supreme erfort.'> Havu ^ s-rificerou^tC.^'ii'reL *" '*'**' wr must have ruiers and judges, but is it so thit tV /. \L^' * *,*** DroDortio« -ri*;. .H „.h^.-L-^ :J .," '^ "^ ''°' ^!^*' ",^V' must be oirt of a« iur««rt ^ ""m -• T .'" ^'^-"."' "-'^c commiiarty tb,*: have to raae »M;>~ «Hpert. a. woJ as the.r own, m such contracted. strai^Me«eia»TJLl^ li ,j, IBSTORY •¥ THE OTTAWA VALLET. dro— to«c« ? A^inst this there must be revoh. unlew ^^^P^<f^ can be kept in profound ignorance of these things. Real estate has fallen overonc-third, produce of every kind nearly one half, populat.on SmostTandinR still How are these h.ge salaries to be raised ? Tha vSl%TnTheMor,tr,aI Star, says they have pocketed nearly one half of th^$Sc;aocxx) borrowed from England. So little truth is told in the prc£^'Si?^ay not credit thil But we have endowed so many BtsTamnets and lords, or rather they have endowed themselves at ou expen'e^^hat the Dominion is a combination of pnd« and povertj^ aristocrats and serfs, millionaires and paupers We can "« ^.f/ j>ve J" AeTnd nor le.ve it. Notices of farms for sale ^jvc stood t.lUhe posts that bear them up are near y rotten, and no one to buy them, cut ii Sfy cannot sdlThe lands, and the stock and other P-^uce bnng them nothing, thousands of them are so low bred as to take bribes and sell ?hemseTves for a few dollam. or the promise of some »mproyernent to pur^ha e a constituency. Some times these Promises were "Ot Ic^Pt- b"t . made to serve the purpose of electi'ons. t may yet come to be known that all these laree salaries of these hirehngs are raised by the people, tnai ail incsc lAr^c »*»«»■»*- .. .„„ i«rr1« nf creat on to step down from and they may some day ask these lords ot ^^'^^^i'^" ^° /J^J -.p:-^ their high perch and come nearer m equality. . ^f. ^°'J ^'^^""fot /on" is manifest in making places of «^7>°1"'^^"^V^,'?';" '„^^^^^^^^ ^ards o nor required, and the pay is taken out of ^^^^, P^^*^' '""^cH^d ou sewing women and girls, whose labors are so poorly rewarded^ a^^ •f the farmer whose crops will not pay half what they cost to raise tnein *' ''8'ur7outh must be taught p.^'-fer.. that the foo^ "/^^ j°^,^^^ pervade every sou^of the eecto^^^^^ T^sX^s^ntX-nte^'^TiU ^^^^^:x:ri ^^ and all accountable to the Supreme Ruler. There is we f^J, a vast de that time The people must have been trained in good principles as irreproachable. They had not an accusation of fraud or W^^^»°° JJ^ U. their charge. In time, bad votes were put m. ^"''."f '^^ "=f^^'/„e? i.|«-ted Needless oflices have been invented by the great scnemcra^ : :15 bu;dens. 5riAo,„ to be home, have been laid on all who do rtot d,. """'SheXs'^tl: rr/5;:rrro;;.eaTd- to a few Wesleyans ! S^lSS^ a devoid HMnistcr visiting his people and about noon he "^ . J 1 i.u:^r^ ^^%t\A i-k1«>a«f> hiin \iv. im Miy bii' herring?' issured her nothing could please liim be LlCl A T 131 Je was h^My eMt^^ntcd mmI wy kmdiy taeatedl. THe wmun jBcovered )ms refincf' Uate feast*^ H«h »r tii. caJfc after on d^ d« itiny tnbes from the cMst of Hm fce-bowid. sea-bcMtca Laibnulor pco{>le are so thoughtful in these -'TciiwiL dart. *-^**»«^ We hSive recommended tree elaBbaF ia cwcw tn^mhi .lAr.^ *^. Ottawa. Every road should be dS?<2Si S^r ^T? j^?^,.^ covered w.th young heakhy trees, Tho« T«ieSi £ gW^n thS and at the earliest convenience, as they would tbme ai>d cor»e toocrhx- tion m a soil where they were fo.nd so choke, beautiW ^d mat^ for his child,, „ what he cannot now d««Mn of, valise or estimate tWe Tv^ X'lv ;:i?''"!5^ r?^"?^ -^^^ ^^^^^^ ^ mica tS tnT Tilth ^ i^ ^"""""^ "P-l*:^ '" Osgoode. Bu* there may b^ .n- £L wTnt^t LZ alummum w.th whK* tke clay soil abounds. This doubt- kss will yet be produced at a reasonabie cost. Then who can estimate Rvalue m a country ,0 far from the «» coast ? It is likely to be a^ail im,Z Z^u^ P"'-PO»«. and as it is free from rust when free from salt, it n hkely to be more durable than .ther metals. We have not heard of !^W.^F?«1"m°Iw'' *'"'"'"""' ''°^*' ^ *^<= A"-^^"*^ explorations lately Mpeditiii ^ ^ ^^ "^"^ """^ '""*'^ * **^' '*'**'' **"""e *^*t ^'''^' r *i.^°?** ^*^ ''^"^ """*^^ '" ^'^^ erection of churches. The Roman ET^r^lS".- "^^^°''iu^^.*:'^*^^*»*^'^^'"»^*^*"d the roads have SStL2rH;^rP''°''! ■ 1^*= S*?°^ ^^ ''^ '"*"y branches and small !^^^.^ * "^S number of bridges of large span are required and S^J^hefilir. X '^n^" ^'«' ^^'"•"^ ^^''^° P'^^'^t^^l themselves tjte at the first, arc st.H well represented. Some have migrated to the Sl^^t ^ M 'T ri'^'^"^ ^"^^"^ operations. Some have gone to Z \^ \ ®^ ^r^*" *^ ^^'^ industrious. Hope is entertained of miich good resulting from the deepening of the feeders of the SSor I!i«r^.T* 1 f ^^^/^^^t'^"* *hich would greatly improve the land •■Its banks and let off the waters from the flats. In dropping seasons abnd of iron rust shows on the straw which must lighten ffe yieTd and • -J««thefcedmg quaktie^ Draining will cure this or prevent it, and w K! 2!^ '"'n'*' »»^'»»ttent.on. Thousands of acres are growing bUckheads, sweet fla^ and wUlows. and unfit for any purpose, cirleton E^ J^n ^^I^.::^ ^^y*^>' *° '^' Government ^hey haveT" tedlhe men that others cast out and the party has not given them a ^t m return tor their devotion. Could the man of the Tay ^na! AoLi!I!lk'!n;^^*"r Pf'"^ waterways, not secure a grant of a few *o«swMk to opo. the Castor and the Carp? Twenty-five thousand to m^ s4reMi would do much and the people could furnish the remainder wftii s«eh •nconfagement. One cent a head on the Dominion would do .tt- I hese people have paid iwto the treasury indirectly for nearly a cen- r . ,^ • *u Tr ^ ^^^^ expend on the agricultural farm or Experi- McntaiFa«a m half a year what would drain these rivers to pcrfectioR. ^ -. ^^ .«..«auTi men L>Ank^. wnac aoes u\e ii-xpcrrmMMai ;in: , }i \'- 132 HISTORY OF THE CTPTAWA VALLET. il ' Farm do but spend for us ? At the last Fair in Ottawa the farmers were Car in advance of them in the fruits of the land and of everything except decorations.* This wart must be got off the face, or it may turn to a can- cer of an incurable nature with the Government. No man can be got to say that he considers it a benefit, but a frauc' on the country. We hav-e asked the question of a multitude and get answers in the negative. It s no use. It is a waster to destroy. It is a very nice home for place men These are the replies you get. If it were a government contractor did the work he w ild get a quarter of a million and net two hundred thous- and on the job. Bui it can be let by auction in fair competition. Carleton never required any attention to keep it in line, so they can expend ebewhere without a fault being found by these patient people Should admirers of Government say, let those benefitted make the out- lay. Very weH, dismiss the Board of Works, the Board of Agriculture, other boards and offices that are useless. Ltt the Experimental Farm sustain itself or cease to waste our substance as they now do, and the farmers will attend to themselves, and the wealthy will build railroads and canals, where they pay and are required. Contractors employ Italians, Fins, Chinamen, and would employ Kurds if it suited, arc let their countrymen starve if money can be made by it on their tat jobs. Our paternals have certain tried parties on hand to keep the others in line and themselves ever in place. Is the Board of Agriculture a benefit to the farmers ? Do they not expend far more on themselves and their employees than they give to the societies ? Can the farmers not sustain their own shows if they are profitable ? Doe^ the money wasted on the Board and officers not come first out of the lu^mers pur.se ? ^ Does one hundred and fifty expended on the Board procure fifty to Ine farmers out of the tw o hundred paid in ? If the people are the source of all taxa- tion, then all that live on them are parasites.- Is the o?k anytlMng the better o( the mistletoe ? But your principles applied would dissolve civil government ? Not necesr-arHy. It would dissolve the thieves that keep us in the rankest poverty and oppression; that keep themselves in power by our money. We would denounce Mercier but would we spare* Tail- Ion > Would society be the loser if half the Government of Europe and two thirds of Asia, and three-fourths of America were dissolved and su- perceded by honest men ? We have no spleen to gratify against free government, honest administration, correct adjustment of the burdens that must be borne. Who at this hour has a doubt that the machinery of Government is too complex to belong endured unless at the expense of what men hold dear ? It seems that a new course must be adopted and pursued. A generation must be trained to reform the abuses under which we labor, or the best citizens will leave the land. A generation of school teachers is wanted free from cost, who would look at things as they are and then as they ought to be, and try to apply the remedy. No one should object to religion in the school, but generally those whahave the least, cry the loudest. But when there are so many things to be taught, Uttle time can be given to one thing, and the thing *<>»**"• act a Uncv hxit a fact. Is it religion in a boy to smash your wtmtowa, injure you, steal from you ? Thep the teacher and trustees sbomo roam good the losses, else they make the old flag of religion c«v«r tkc vfc«s tf W tthtt bottomless pit. , , HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 133 with Dr Rintoul ? Wh„ w.. t . L i ' ' -''' '■=™!'in a Christian pncst o ,udy Ly firstTat n fc '" f"i'° \y°""g Catholic u. danger of ^yTdn^'ro^etiLed'^f /o-^n^ri ^^ hTwS'h^^e^t a^«er£rlSSSSS9 Sg aX' Lf°„7s?±"'^ ="'.'"" ■•="*^^" in thrschSri o" y ligious enthusiSr'n Wh ^ eloquence, righteous indignation and re- servants " ' "^ *"*° judgement with thy body. Y^t it is a . rahu it, ^^^ the worms have devoured his mind that had undeVs'andin; R . '' ^^^^'^L'-^'?^ "°^ ^= P^^^uct of a mirersand th^ wo M Cu n^you on rbSnS? "so^'f""^ "'^'^^'■ make a slaughter market r^J^r S ^1 Som« of our merchants those who buy at kalf price ? T it l^' ^.^"*'""=^liy- ^^ it injurious to v«^wixo DC auic 10 U3C the cash instead' of the useless" ~stork?'if"i*l .>M mSTORV OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. ?f MOt, let them get out of the way of abler men.- Others ■Miy succeed^ wliere they failed. A wholesale merchant or manfacturer ■Mfr be 9itikt to distribute the unsold balance of his overstock among bts steady customers at the slaughter price, benefitting himself with thein and tbccustomcrs all round.orhe may send it abroad doing good all round. Sir Jdhn^s curse is a blessing in disguise, bu* he preferred to curse us wkhouft rather than bless us with it. What showers of blessings these men have given us in i8 years liHce 1878 ? What curses they have turned away from us ? Individunls have been bribed, whole constituencies have been bought, seats in Par Kunent stolen, judges have soiled their ermine, penitentiary birds aj)- pointed retummg officers, ballot boxes stuffed, villainous gcrrymandcts, diaboiical franchise acts, senatorial appointments one-sided, and the last efforts to make way for a hierarchical establishment and union of chmc'i mit4 state, and now beaten by their own friends, with the mark of C ai,i •e their brow, and four hundr(*d appointments in their arms, they have; been ignominiously kicked downstairs, fn a worse plig^lit than were tiie men of the Pacific scandal. The new Government may do better for us but Conservatives are nearly unanimous in declaring that we can be no worse. Such is history in 1896. Our best men in th land have had so f^reat cause for humiliation that such black hearted villainy could be pcr- ormed or even conceived by men in human shape, that men under the flag of ElngUsh civilization could be so lost to every sense of honor, truth, justice, Christian principle, and manly conduct, as to debauch a whole land and hoW up its people to the contempt of Turks, Kurds and Mata- bcles. Heaven gave us a government in anger and took it away in wrath? We are sure many a prayer was offered for its removal and to be sabstkuted by a better, prayers that have been mercifidiy answered. Our owa earnest prayer is that these men now chosen may fear God, Wve troth and honesty, hate covetousness, reform the laws and the whole system of administration, that the land may have rest for many years from the oppression, deceit, hypocritical misrule, misery and de- gradation so long endured. Osgoode possessed ia Rev. W. Lochead a good organizer. The young of the congregation were well instructed. He came tii^re an •rdaincd minister. He had spent some years in Albany ami Cherry Valley, N.Y. His bearing was always dignified and genl'-.-manly. His discourses were clear, sound, forcible and expository. He formed the congregations in Osgoode and Gloucester about 1847. The congrecjation grew aod prospered. He went to North Gower about 1858. He re- mained ia North Gower until he retired from preaching. He was scholarly but very unassuming- The great Brooklyn orator, llcv. Henry Ward Beecher began to call his Wednesday evening exercises talks. These prayer meeting exercises were very edifying. Whatever vagaries be held in theory no one ever doubted that he was possessed oi extraordinary endowments. His great popuJarity made him a fit ob- J09t for iieitation by men of far lighter calibre, and was pernicious to those who thought by cofiying him to become famous some day. A bhcy could not do, but to talk. They gave no exposition of Scripture, , bHt their vwo theories. These evangelists from Moody to Clarke, took mSTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. I3S •Biy salient points, at the expense of all others, to catch the attention of ttKSse on the lookout for innovators. Conversions easily made were re- ckoned in great numbers. Contributions flowed in streams. ^ Times were good. Temples were built in the great cities of the east and west. We were on the point of having a new sect of Moody's disciples but a Tumor that Moody was baptised acted unfavorably. He kept aloof trom all sects and parties, was a religionist of his own kind When he went to enlighten the Scotch the clergy all united with him, so he could not do in Edinburgh as he would in Boston and Chicago. The evangelists soon became enriched, after which they modestly retired to their castellated mansions, newly constructed and furnished and the conflagration over, they became as mute as the harp on Tara's wall, except when lured out by invitation to make a pleasant visit for a week or two. Not that they are less interested in the evangelization of the world but that their wants are not so pressing, having been amply provided for in that season when the heat of the crucible dissolved the precious metal. Many of our young crafts were caught in the eddy and sailed round with the current. Ease is sweet Rest is pleasant Much study IS a weariness to the flesh. It is not uncommon to hear one minis- ter abuse another that shows any anxiety to be constantly laboring It IS a rebuke upon their own indolence. Give such gentlemen money enough and they will enjoy the "otium cumdignitate," with a becoming gracefulness, and take plenty of exercise for health in the curling club^ This may be in accordance with the fitness of things. The evangelists studied manner, studied it for the best effect, and they made their man- ner taking. Their matter judging from Moody's published works, was tame, common place in the extreme. It is a great saving of time when manner takes best with popular audiences, and his were always popular audiences. j f t- In the year 1858 or about that time Rev. James Whyte was called to Usgoode, ordained and installed. He very soon established his repu- tation as a great worker. He held a prayermeetlng in some part of the congregation during six nights of the vveek. He greatly excelled in this kind of pastoral labor, and consequently had little time to study sermons and they will not come without study. His sermons were, of necessity,' like his evening addresses or Beecher talks. We do his memory no in- justice by stating the facts. Fault was found with the occasional sermons he preached before Presbytery for their not having been thought ont His contemporaries who are yet alive can correct me if I am' wrong Very fe\y men can think in the crowd, and quite as few on their legs in the pulpit. The lamps were to be fed with beaten oil, which is as it should be. Dr. Mason told his students if they wrote two sermons in the week for a few years they would write themselves fools Can the turbine wheel revolve if the water supply is not kept up in the dam ? Congregations that are neglected perish for lack of knowledge. Those that have too many meetings become dyspeptic for want of time to study bcnpture, think digest and apply what they read and hear. One might 'have tw«nty Bibles in his possession, and know nothing of their contents tor want of reading. One mi':ht liav c a crcat hhrar" av.A be '^<^~~- the contents of books and of their authors. treasiirinV up "notliine valu , able m his mind. Excitefhent i<= rot t' c life but often the death of re lit- W^ m ,^^ Mfi HISTORY ^ir THE OTTAWA VtJAXt. irmn k'the sotil. In tlie early times sermons were preached at the ofcniMffs of PrejbvtciPy. They are still in the United States, and com- miinMNB are held there, but nothing of the kind have we had here in all these years; and bene<Jictions are more frequent than prayers, or about ail frequent. We have heard fashionable prayers for the guidance of the Holy Spirit in things they had preju Iged and made up their minds on lo)i<. before. Such prayers r»eed pardon. Men like Findlay, Gray, Atkins, Wardr»pc, Duncan, McMeekin, Melville, and a few others would brin^r cut something profitabie to the congregation and the members of the Pre»l>ytary. Dr. Boyd, Messrs Gegie, Fairbairn, Wilson, McLaugblan, outsitfc the PresJ^tery of Perth were worth hearing. Dr. John Baync of Gate was the ablest preacher in the synod in his day and generation. Drs. Willis a»d Burns were not inferior to him, but their business was more the training for the ministry, which thev did well and faithfully too. 1 he first pastor went from Osgoode to North Gower, the second went to Maaotick. The third, Mr. McKay, was too short a time here to make much impression. The same may be said of Mr. Cawldcr and Mr. Hw^hs who went to Chelsea and after six months went west. Their present minister is Mr. Goodwillie, who has now a field of over one hun- dred and sixty families. His eldest son, a fine boy, was taken away by death. His second son is a pretty, young boy. Mrs. Goodwillie is a superior woman, taking much interest in the congregation and the Sun- day school. Osgoode is to be congratulated on its general pro.sperity. It would be of great service to get from some of the older people, their views on the different methods of their preachers. Some are of opinion that the church has p?Jted her hawser, and been blown out of port by adverse winds, and is dangerously drifting upon the shoals and quick- sands of other denominations, and perilously near shipwreck. It grates sadV on our ears to hear Presbyterians say that Presby- teriaiMwn is degenerating. One man says. I despair of hearing tlie Gospel |N-e»ched in our pulpit; another says : Well, we thought our minister couW not hunt up a poorer preacher th.-m himself, but he found one; Another still, that his preacher has a sh..wer of words but little in thein, A repiy to them all may be, to be careft i not to confound Presbyterian- ism with its lame and Wind advocates ai d defenders. These men may have their backs to it, and vou may be ii their shadow, and its light may be obscured from you under such an eclipse, like the dark moon obscur- iag the sun's light from a part of the earth by her passage between. If you doubt this turn to your New Tcstai ent, and see how much the Kfht of that which was made glorious wis darkened by the sanctimoni- ous hypocrites, who monopolized the pinty of their times, as sitting in Moses seat, as the only true exi>Gsiioi.s of the God given system of truth, and you will not be surprised th.i men in sheep's clothing n»ak^ mcKchandise of you to-day. They may lake aw ay from you the key of knowledge as their predecessors did fro;r .>thcrs. i.iit yon have a remedy. We once knew a case when the prcacl.cr \v as tcliin^ tiu m old .stones and triftng in the pulpit, some went out, s^aid a while and came in aga-n, the othoffs did not return till the ministei came out, like the actor he was, ■»d rushed to a.sk after the wch ale of Ire fauiii) : nc \\ as toi>. tiiev prelty well, but ^Bould be much belter, if they had u-.orc Gonpd HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 137 yi!finh°-'^'f°"*^r^°''^*^^"^^''*'"^^^^ P"lP*t. and en:]ed by giving bSan n thTn.Tn-7£"" ""' '^c'^ 7°"^*^ ^o elsewhere. The reformation but tL mln\Eh P ^^^^ •^''' ^"^^fy ^"^ continued. Truth is infanille, but the men who administer or hide it are not. The people can either reform or dismiss them, or go elsewhere. No man sCld oppose ra- th rT^ fiv. ^''^'^ penetrating lay-man says, not under his breath, that td^JZ^^fT''^ *^' ^''^'^'P ^^^^"^^ ^^"^^ «"'"*^ °^her occupation We do not .at' hf K^"'"''"^- ^""^ ^^' *° '^'PP'y '■esP^^ctable congregafons. salt be ca?t tV^U ""'T"' 'i "°^^''".^- '^^^•■^ '^ ^"--^ly » ^^"^edy . Let are their brorh^rc'l'^^'"'- Vu '^" '°"^ °^ ''""^^ ^e cultivated!^ Men rasnonVht^no ^*=JP"^- ^he man who will not prepare his scnuon, has no right to preach, and IS not called to preach. Is every kind of IS ^mihed f^r /" *:°'"P^"y ^'l^h -''"^h fiithy dreams? "When a nal Ion hn^iM i t 1, .'^' •''' ^" "l^^^ ^'^"'■^'^ the leprosies begin." S'eps oWkaven On^ f "" ?' ''^'^ P'^"'"^^'^^^ ^^^ ^yprocrites. Pl,r,e out the write had .n^h? "^'*'°;'^ ""^"^''"^^^'"^ '" ^'^'^ ^^'^ '^f ^hicl, wo write, had an able preacher for years but he did not visit enough • ther. rhTvilrrno^'h t° ""f^"'^' °" '^' ■•'^•^•"^ b"t "^thing Tt the'. , sk: They were not backward in requesting his removal. They mao' (led his visitmg powers, not forgetting the preaching powers of^the f< r e tlv thSt't '^"' '^% ^'"^.''r ""^ l>'-g b?ck the other olu . but the south who could read a fine sermon, and ^ young elder who rould tZ shoul7;o^r- ..^ ^°"r^ '\'y."^° ^^^-"^ themLommended Jhit they should go together and each do what he could do best. •ainim?°abouri^'^°"'^ of the three gores in the Cou.ity of Carleton con- taining about 33.000 acres. It is all occupied at this writine except what is worthless or useless, of which there' is very little. The features t The fi'r'^r 'T"^""^' other places. It was a great field for lumber .ng. I he first lumberers were U-E. Loyalists who explored its eroves .nd prepared square timber for market"^ It was driven loo e orl few out in cr bs VT''"r ^'"^ri ^"^^"^ ^° *^^ ^^*^-" -^^ Ottaw. then put in cribs These cribs might be in vidth whatever they chose. There b'nnThf ^'i'P'^^'^u'"^'' '^^"^' ^' '^'^ im,>rovements had not Kideau could only be formed after the canal was built, as thcv would t' New'Edfnhn"'^ ^'"f'^t'"^b<='-^ pitching into the Ottaua over" the falls »t iNew Edinburgh.^ ts length was that of the pieces cr.n-nncjng it, which were generally assorted to match, or nearly so. The" floats on' the sides were generally round sticks bored to take two and a half inch pms to secure the cross pieces (traverses) five or six of which were on each cnb that held the lot to^-ether with three pieces of loading on too one Ml each side and one on the centres. The oars were worked on the pieces on the sides, but these were only used to row out to run tke rapidfi or the slides. The cribs banded together formed the raft The oars were long, the men using them stood one on each side of the load- loff tinaber in the middle of the crib. This middle stick had a row-lock on^each end for the men to .steer by. Oak rafts had to be floated bv th^ ^«JCoi miicnai and the ends grubbed and wtthed to the traverses' and were mt leaded en. To narrow creeks timber or logs had to be driven 138 HILTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. as on he k>ose, grpTt care being taken to prevent jams. This was a long piece crossing from bank to bank and detaininij all behind k. Sometimes a ]Mece had to be cut to let the logs free, and it was not very safe, but the best had to be done. In the early times when the timber was growing near the ri.er or on level lands, oxen could draw it on a crotch from the stump to the ice, but when it had to be brought a distance horses were better- A bobsled, with a bunk op the back or middle beam, and the piece was drawn with one end on the i)iink and the other on the road. In co'.irsc of time Mr. Robert PVaser of Cumberland, a man of ^eu ius, proposed to use a sleigh at each er« -. He had to fight the battle that every reformer and inventor havt ';o i ght. The lumberers were very Conservative and proposed the iisiia' difficulties of filling hollows, levelling r^ads. He met them all by the con.sideration of the use of draught, with two or three or four pieces for one. An old lumberer af Lochabnr saw the improvement at first description and adopted it. Mr. Robert Kenny of Aylmer and his sons fell in with it. The Hurdman family, his brothers-in-law took it up and the timber hauling was revolu- tionized. But the time of square timber was passing into that of logs and sawed lumber. The bobs wore made with short runners six inches wide shod with steel and slid on the snow leaving scarcely a mark. A pair of horses are said to draw four pieces of one hundred feet each eafily as one piece of the four dragging on the road; that would be the old reckoning ten tons. Mr. Fraser did not get half the credit merited for his discovery. For as we happen to know well he is a man of intellectual pith and power and possessed of good principles and has raised a family that we believe will do him credit. One of his sons has made an impression as a scholar and close student now in the Queen's University, King.ston. Some say the Gowers took their name from their forms, others from some English nobleman, which is more probable, but of very little con- sequence. Lumberers were the first settlers, others followed as the way opened and they could secure their lands. Lumber was the chief source of wealth all over the land. Potash followed from the land clearing, the labor in both cases being very well rewarded. The Rideau formed one boundary of the township. The survey of Marlboro made by de Pen- sier twenty five years before, fixed its southern limit. The settlements were made from different points at first and it is said the pioneers lived for years on their new lands before the people of one settlement became acquainted with those of another, from isolation and the dense woods between. Those making timber within hearing of the great pines they cut, made their first acquaintance in the Quebec market selling their lumber, or at their meeting on the river sailing down to market. Shanty roads, those cut for the lumbering;, were their only roads for years, ex- cept the rivers for canoes and boats in summer. At the junction of Stephens' Cre«k with the Rideau, the first land was taken up by Richard Garlick, viz : Lot 24, on the ist Concession. Then beside him Sabra Beams ■ I and Stephen Blanchard. all of U. E- L. descent, settled down on their lands after lumbering two years from 1820 before bringing in Ibcir families. Rev. Peter Jones, a retired Methodist preacher, and i-Ut( V, IIVJ, -f IT t:.M.i cii-t:^-?!!, of tkc futuve village of North Gower, built a shanty that was his home, lis his home, r* r HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 139 adktA, and church. He cleared land and cropped it, taught school atMl MCAched, the audience room being his own shanty. The shanty wasa ane scooped building with ornamental corners, the floor planks of split bftaswooel/ The attendance at church and day school was thin. The Garlick settlement claimed the first schoolhouse, scooped log, and respectable, and taught by a Mr. Gove, an American. Their nearest neighbors were the people of Burrilt's Rapids on one side, and Rich- mond on the other. The next schoolhouse was both school and preaching house, built near Mr. Jones', where a Mr. Hazleton, who was very lame, said to be fit for nothing else, taught for years. Perhaps his ififirmity was neither his fault n(ir detrimental to his calling. He may not have been a "lame teacher." The boy .said to his mother, "There is Dick, the lame preacher," who hearing it, corrected him by saying : "No it's lame Dick, the preacher." A lame foot or a wry neck in a Prince, though unfortunate, would not militate against his claims to royalty. Hazleton got twenty-five pounds a year, and ''board round witli the scholars." This was tlien considered a good remuneration. Sometimes fttmilies were put to somewhat of a disadvantage in those days when first coming out to this country. An emigrant family purcha.sing from a settler had to live with the out-going family for weeks in a shaiitj , i8 by 24 feet in a single apartment. The lumber«rs and their hands soon discovered the quality of the lands, and settlements followctl. The river was the boundary of North Gowcr on one side, and the survey of the town line on the north of Marlboro in the end of the hist century marked out another- Dc Pen- sier had been the first surveyor, followed by Steadman, who laid out several townships around. Roads by which supplies were got to the shanties and timber roads connecting shanties with rivers and creeks, were long their only roads. Many brothers of the Eastmans settled in the township and built the first steam mill. Two of these brothers were killed with some of the r .i>en by the explosion of the boiler of the mill engine. Between 1822 and 1826 the Ewans, Christies, Covalls, Mains, Myers, Clarkes, Cassidays, Wallaces, came. Beaman brought with him Snay, Hazleton and Riclly. Mr. William Thompson had come to South Gower in 18 17 and in 1826 came to North Gower. After residing some time here he visited old ScoHand and sailed in the first steamer ever b'lilt on the Clyde. He had to bring from the Soutli Gower his neighbors to hc.lp him to raise a frame barn, so few were the settlers around him: When he moved in, there was neither school nor church, miti nor smithy, store nor postofifice nearer than Richmond on the one side or Burritt's Rapids on the other. James Lindsay cam..- in 1829. Mr. Lindsay was born in Lanarkshire, Scotland in 1802 His father, brothers and sisters, a very numerous famtty, settled in Raui.say. James went to a store in Ogdcnsburg, N. Y., where he soon sliowed business capacity, was well hked and respected. The firm was so pkased with his manajjjcment, business capacities and j |K>wers, that they built a store in Wad(iinj;ton, ease of Ogdensbutg on Ihe St. Lawrence, and sent him there, ann he made them profit for some jrears The village and 3urroundini,'s, a lar.i;c Scotch settlement, jkept W^ck coiuiiiefcions ccclcsiaBtical wim tiic ciuircii in Catiada for a long lime, ana wkh j^rcui rcluciauce b;ok^ it up to connect with the American Hi m i lirr m 140 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLET. Presbyterian church, had their ministers Mr. Morrison and then Mr. Kobmson from Canada. The proclamation of free grants of lands by Gov ernor Simcoe, and the building of the Ridcau canal created an anx- tety m people to visit the country through which the navigation was to be opened. Mr. James Lindsay came and explored, then considering that jt would be a rising place, and determined to take part in its ad- vancenient, came with his wife and one child in the year 183 1. He built what has long been known as Lindsay's wharf, and in connection with keeping the wharf he betook himself to farming with perseverance Ihe property lies south of Wellington and Steven's Creek. All his fam- ily except the eldest were born in North Gower. Of his four sons one IS a merchant in Manotick, another a mercnant in Kars. Two are farm- ers. One still looks after the wharf One of his daughters is Mrs W. T. Pierce of Marlboro. The other is Mrs. T. Martin of Kars. He lived to be 88 years of age and is buried in North Gower at the Presbyterian church close by the oiu iiomc. Rev. David Evans first attended to tho Presbyterians in these parts, and Rev. John Flood to the Episcopalians, both living at Richmcnd. At the disruption the people allied then nselvcs with the Free Church. Wil- liam Thompson died at the age of 96. His son Gilbert became an elder and took an active interest in the Free Church. We often supplied them while a mere boy preacher and was entertained hospitably by Mr. G. Thompson. He was not very fond of read sermons, and told us of an old Scotch elder who wished much to cure his minister of the fault, so as he found the minister coming in to visit him, ru^.hed to the table and began to look at the words of Isaiah. Well. John, said the minister what do I find you at ?" Prophesying, sar. "Oh! John vou are only reading the prophet." Ah ! then if you call it preaching when you are reading it off your paper, I may call it prophesying when reading the prophet. Mr. Thompson was in fair worldy circumstances, but a good man and much happier than the worldling. After some years. Rev. W. Lockhead organized the church, and was succeeded by Mr. McKiblon, and he by Mr. Stewart, who was succeeded by Mr. Lochead the present pastor. Their first Methodist minister was Mr. Jones, then Mr. Farr, then Mr. Williams, but one cannot give the succession without searching up their records; they change so often one is 'tempted to quote the lan- guage of a young lady wit when asked what was her native place, said she had no native place. She was the daughter of a Methodist preacher. Some school teachers got £2$ a year and board around. Such as hailed from the EmeraW Isle were deeply immersed in the mysteries of arithmetic. Hathaway was the name of another who wielded the birch, governing the motions and manners, as well as moulding the no- tions and minds of th ; youths of both sexes. The country seemed un- healthy for some years. . Some died of smallpox, many of ague, which seems to have been very acute. The flooding of many parts of the Ri- deau by so many dams connected with docks on the canal, which killed the trees, caused so much decona position of vegetable material, produc- ing malaria of a marked type. A number suffered long and some suc- cumbed to the disease, for instance, Reilly. Then remedies were little kii«wn, nor readily appltcabk in districts with few physicians, and so I i HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 141 thinly peopled. Quinine, sulphate of iron, capsicum, were rarely within reach and not well known at that early time. The road from Richmond landing to Richmond village had been recently cut out connecting By- town with Richmond. The road from Chapman's past Capt. Collins and the Dow settlement on the left bank of the Rideaii, was opened and pas- sible The road from New Edinburgh by Cummings' Bridge and Bil- lings' Bridge on the rif^ht bank of the Rideau to Capt. Wilson's and through Kemptville and' Spencerville to Prescott was travelled, which is nearly saying enough for it as horses in the saddle could get over it, but the waggon wheelswcnt deeper than was desirable in so many places, ditching being in its infancy, clearings very small and few, and so much of the country if not swampy at least very level in thick woods. Earlier the road from Burrict's Rapids to Kemptville had been opened and a scow ferrv at the latter was available for crossing The road through Marlboro' by Pierce's to Kemptville was not such deep mud and was opened to Stevens' Creek and round a number of large swamps and by Brownlee's to Richmond. Thete was now in the estimation of the people nf those days good open communication between the St. Lawrence and the Ottawa on both sides of the Rideau. Before Bytown was thought of or Col. By had come to the country, Richmond was a village, the important centre of a new settlement, with hundreds of people, officers and men of the army, with Col. Burke, the Crown land agent, for the benefit and convenience of the settlers. A road was opened through the long swamp to Jackson Stitts' who was a soldier, and this road was prolonged as the third line of Huntley to the Chats. Hugh Bell's was connected with Stittsville hy Robertsons and what is now Hazlcdcan, though far from pleasant for man or beast, from the toug'>, thick, soft blue clay. But they -.vere a vast im- provement on the original l^lazc with a tree across a creek, which^ had served hitherto for the most daring as well as the most delicate of our rural population to cross where the wading was too deep for comtort, profit or r'casure. I he lands are not too level but dry and fit for tillage. The creeks are snia 1 except Stevens' and no lakes or pond of any note. Does this in any w av account for the entire absence of Baptists or river brethren in that lornlity ? The Methodists, Episcopalians and Presby- . terians seemed to absorb the inhabitants as there are very few of othcf denominations in the townsliin. it was now expected that Richmond having open connection with the surrotmding settlements so fast filling up, would soon become a city, or at least a town of some magnitude. It had so many army officers and men of genius, intelligence and wealth, maintaining order, discipline and activity; the results were not fully realized. It failed to attract bu.sine.ss people and to grow. Lumber absorbed the attention of every one, clearings enlarged and crops were raised, hay, oats, pork and flour, with the lumber maket in view. Some fine houses have been recently cfccted, but the place looked nearly as well fifty years ago as to-day. Tkcre were some very energetic men among its early inhabitarrts. The Lyons. Mallochs, Hintons, Maxwells, Wilsons, McElroys and many ath»rfi made their mark= Besi('-s these were many very successful farm- ers in the environs of the young village. There were many hangers on uki hard drinkers, ntt«n tliat never come to mnch anywhere. They I I ' !, , i t,' ( ? ■: i 1 >, 1. '■■ M 149 ■1ST0»Y OF THE OTTAWA VALLET. wocAJp weafth and the shadows of greatness, bask in the sm'\\^: of the ffreat copy in a crude way their frivolities, and when their little ij^noble race b run, they leave an example worthy of execration and are soon lorgotten. Bytown grew slowly but went on without a boom, and but tor tfce degradation from the drinking habits would have risen far above la attamments. Rum-sellers never rise to the dignity of respectability No couatry can prosper that legislates to enrich the few at the expense « tft« many, or ever rise to a place of eminence. For the riches are ototamed on pnnciples of immorality and the possessors lie under the How can money, made by selling drink, do good? How can money made by fraud and injustice, thrive, increase and do good to its posses- sors ? Society should put down the business of fraud in every form it tokes, should refuse to employ men that drink, should refuse to elect not merely dishonest politicians but doubtful ones. Rulers profess great interest in education, but they would reduce our best systems to barbar- Mm If permitted. Their places and emoluments are more to them than ali else. The people deserve it, they are so pleased to be imposed on. Ihen We have the cry of the necessity of religion in the schools. We do need it there as it is so left out of the homes and only scientifically touched in the churches. But the so-called godly schools send forth the worst samples. We will have no education worth the name till a reno- vation IS experienced in the family, and youths are trained to love truth and honesty instead of the young reprobates they now are, destroying property for their vicious amusement. There are some educated thinkers that are beneficial to their kind, others are ingeniously contriv ing the ways of imposing heavier burdens on the people, already galled with the weight of their yoke. Our cities are overloaded with paupers or Idlers so that with oilr extravagance in education, the many are un- able to bear it, and the few keep them, deluded by very many ways and means. Our governments in city and country are a terror to well-doers. Richmond had two half yearly Fairs established at an early period, that were of signal service to all the farmers around, as they couJd th/^re buy and sell cattle, sheep and horses to great advantage. Towards evening these Fairs became the most noisy when fists and gicks and whip handles were freely used.' Often the portly form of Jhather Smith, with or without a horse, but seldom without? whip, which he did not scruple to use in cases of necessity, (that were not few), but he managed to scatter those who delighted in war. Bytown was infested at the same time with the Shiner tribes under the same curse of whiskey I hese gentlemen were employed in the lumber trade and during their visits here in summer with their rafts, and in winter to hire and go to the woods made no end of broils and quarrc's at the bottom of all which was the liquor. \Vc have seen accounts of these people written by those who never sau oiu; n\ them, declaring -them to be Oranf^emen which they never were, but their antagonists. We had a treat to an account of them uniting with Oran^men to kill off the French Canadians a state- ment which the Great Stretcher himself could hardly equal.' One in sober reascri asks why such unhlusiiing contradictions of facts can b« harbored in any rational mind, not to .say get into print. The Shinera were rafc-men jieneraliy from tlic Emerald isic, who were capable of a HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 143 WI half drunk, or as they said, "three sheets in the wind" riicy were a terror for years to people goinjj to mai '; t in town. They were at enmity with the Canadian French nearly as much as with the Protestant fellow craftsmen, wishing the monopoly of the shanty business to be in their own hands, if that had been a possibility. These two races or the portions of them, not the most remarkable for their up- bringing, with a t;ood sprinkling of rather loose Protestants, kef>t the place in a state of turmoil for years. Men and even horses carried for life the marks of tliese entertainments. An old horse of the redoubtable Uan Hobbs had .both ears cropped and could be seen for many years ;ifter the quarrelling had been put down, by the force and strong hand of tlic law in .some esses. There is yet room for improvement in thegc places. Drunkenness has diminished but lying has greatly increased. How about dishonesty ? North Gower was not so much exposed to drink and rowdyism. Its villages were of a much later formation. Edu- cation was better attended to at an early date. The settlements were formed later. Men with better principles formed the basis of society, and there was less dregs among the strictly farming classes, than where so much promiscuous lousiness was necessarily carried on. The lands were a little more rolling than other parts and so were dry and ready early for planting when clearings were small, and little of the forests was •^claimed. These hnds were very productive. The village of North Gower, one of the pretty villages of the town- ship, was at the first begun by Mr. Johnston who ©""ened a store and liotel, that for years he conducted with vigor and success. This induced others to get lots and build. Very soon there were carpenter, black smith, shoemaker shops in fine form and plenty of employment for workmen. Mr. Andrews, one of several brothers, introduced tin and sheet iron business, which, to the advantage of all, he has conducted with persevering success. The postoffice was early starte.l, then a tele- graph office, town hall, cheese factory, sch" A and church accommoda- tion has kept pace with the growth and requirements of the place. The churches, MethodLst, Presbyterian and Episcopal arc all respectable buildings, suited to the wants of the community, and in keeping with their means and general wealth. The Methodis^s had greatly the start in this township. Rev. Peter Jones among the first settlers p^'eached to them, baptized the children, married the young people, sccur ng the first and strongest claims on their attentions and affections. Rr . Mr- Farr first travelled the circuit, followed by Rev. Mr, Williams. The brethren in Huntley called him the blacksmith. His name sounds traction. His father worked in the birsiness. The trade very respectable, jvhich every trade ought to be when ducted. Human pride dri\ cs men to disdain a lawful calling. Pride is dangerous, degrading and ficliasing the soul. It is of the Wicked One, was not made for man. The lilacksmith nnade the weapons of war, and in priiiccly banquets and festivals his seat was near those of the king and queen The Welsh were a sensible people. A good blacksmith is better than a bad king or a bad clergyman. Pride is deeply bedded in fallen humanity. The prouder they are the less they have to be proud of. 'orovcruors, in; ii^;er>and uiuitituucs u.-^i tins most ODjcciionaoic zcrm. In most of its applications gratitude would surely be preferable on Ae of Welsh ex- in Wales was properly con- li m HISTORY OF THB OTTAWA VALLET. H 'i.i fch ♦!, ? u '^^ u"*"" ^^' "f "'^^ *'"'^- '^^'^ "<^w «'"'^»n wail holding KrSi i r ?i^y^°* the reigns in their hands there would be nl wTit^ *.! f'^'l!?'^ *"^ '^«y ^^?">d have a fair 'count'. Her boy bcothcr asked m h« innocence : "Would not a fair 'duke' suit some of Jk^I!- ^ cu .™* ^'*^''^>''"'^" ^'■^ recommending to their brethr.-n the reltg,on of Shakespeare, and even caricatures of the religious exnori ence of his pious countrymen and women by Ian McUren. are stroiu'lv recommended to mm.sters, as well as Dickens and Thackeray, and ma,,v othere qurte as mous ui liiese, so that if our young ministers tollow tin v W,ull p"^!^^' noble samples of piety our pulpits will soon exhibit ? Welshes, Rutherfords and McChines ! After Mr. Evans left for Kitley's Coniors and the people of North Gower espoused the cause of the Free Church. The Thompson broth, rs Md sisters took a very active part and great interest in the little stni? E^'rvi^ r^"^ i k''"''^ ^f only partial supplies, generally voluntary services, rendered by members of Presbytery. Congregations then vvi 1 iMigly sent their nninisters two to four Sundays in the three months be tween mt<^ng:5 of Presbytery. Flome missionaries were so few as to be rarely available. These supplies though only keeping the places fn.m imer destitution, were received with gratitude by the people. The raeetmgs were well attended. Gilbert Thompson entertained the preach ers, as we wdl remember staying with him often. The proper organi/a- tKHi of the Presbyterians into a congregation was by the Rev. W Lock- head at Gower Corners before it could be called a village. Wellincton and Osgoode stations were united with it as a congregation. The first birtk in the towmship was in the family of Peter Jones. The first mar- riage >s in dispute. Some say Hugh Mcintosh and Rhoda Eastman. Uthers say Levi Eastman and Margaret Buchannan by Rev. P. Jones ^St i[^^ ^ *"^ township. The other couple went to live at Merrick- ▼iHe. Ine Jtastmans were numerous. The Beaman family was large, several of whom lost their lives by a b<»flerexpJos4on m their steam mill. Several of their hands were killed ac ne snoie time. It was a great wreck, a lamentable affair. There we« few sutlers up to 1824, between that and 1828. The Christies McEwans, Covells Cassidays, Clarkes, VVallaces, Mains, Myers came in an« nned up t»e place and assisted much in its progress and general early devo*opn«jnt. Welhngton village on the left bank of the Rideau ami twtn 01 bteyens Creek has a respectable appearance, a fine site, a little roftn* with a pretty sheet of water on its east side, between Lindsay's whairf Mu\ the bndgfe. Recently, an iron span has been put into the wooden bndge, greatly improving it for the communication with Os- goode me common country roads here are good with the finest farms stretching out on every side. In business this village has had neither boom nor stagnancy. Its situation is such that its increase and growth can hardly conflict with the development of other places, occupying a kind »f central position from North Gower village, M motick, Richmond, Osgoode .station, Kemptville and BurriLt's Raoids. Its environs are h- vorableto its enlargement, and itsshippi 1- facilities far exceed most of Its neighbors. In municipal affairs the Cmmts, Callandar?, Coles, Lind- j-^ys. F^ntojis, McEwans, Andrews, Wallaces, Hartwells, Blakeleys, ' "iii". -Txacn.cy;^, ivonaii.s, Graiian-.s, and isiiiiiy others i»ave been veiy K¥ OF THE OTTAWA VALUTf. 145 {amffiar names fi{i:urin£ on thdr lolb for many yemn past. The viMiBe ni Marjotick, the ladmu name fur Long island, b the youngest ofSe vilUffes. It occupies the corners of four townships. Osgoodc, Gloocw- trr aod NepcM) have each a portion but North Gower the greatest part. It owes Httle to any of them. Clothier seemed the chief occupant of the Isiand, biit did nothing to help the village till M. K. Dickenson, who found but otie log house on the lower part of the Island, came and pur- chased the place. He was a vigorous member of the Fbrwarding Co., »t Ottawa before hr sat for Carlcton in the House of Commotjs, or went to build his little city. He is grandson of the pioneer gentleman, who 'cf'K ago gave his name to Dickenson's Landing at the Rapids on the St. l^wrence- He has been Mayor of our city and was always a man of success. His village is three miles from the Manotick station and about fifteen miles from the city. The other inhabitants of the south of the Island, Tighes and Dough- neys, did not take to town building. The place is fine for business and growth. The Presbyterian minister. Rev. James Whyte, labored here for some time and died here. Rev. Mr Findlay is the present pastor. He came from Cantley and Portland. Mi. Dickenson's energy, enter- prise and wealth drew others to the place, so that he is the source of its progress and business activity. Tree planting has not found much favor yet in North Gower but it will. Dr. Johnston is said to have written to some of the few papers of his time, after a visit to Edinburgh, how ab- surd it was for the Scotch to talk of hanging their criminals on trees; that be had not seen one between that city and the Tweed big enough to suspend a good sized boy on. The landed proprietors stoutly denied his statements, but began to plant profusely, and very soon the highways aod farms were fringed on their borders with whatever would grow of oak, ash, yew, spruce, larch, birch and pine down to the poplar and syca- more of the vale. What a revolution to witness ! It is still told by the very old people that in those fine old times the criminal was mercifully permitted to e«}oy the melancholy satisfaction of choosing the beautiful tree he was fco adorn, dancing for a while with nothing under his feet. One young hopeful, when conducted by his faithful attendants to the happy spot, is said to have chosen a very young one, a mere twig; when fcmonstrated with by his friends to choose a fitter one for the purpose, as that was but a rod, and too young to bear his weight, stuck firmly to his choice assuring them that he was in no hurry and would wait with bocoming patience till it grew up. They should try the planting of trees in these parts for though we have not dreamed of their being used for such ba.se and ignoble purposes as stated above, yet they may be found very useful before the end of the next century. They w^l fill up a gap widening every year between the demand and the supply. This yawning and widening must continue until the aluminum age is reached, when it will take the place of iron, tin and lumber. As it is about the specific gravity of heavy hardwood, it could be rolled as thin as sheet iron ©r tin nailed to studding, outside and insi.lf, making the mo.st beautiful walk, partitions and the roofing for flat roofs on girders of the same metal; even doors can be made af it. A«d by that time we will have glass, two and-onc half or three inches uijck ibr winii»ws, or even dooit, wiiich ikc wciibred boys from our iifc .r 146 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. most C'irisllan schools, will not be able to smash without putting them- selves to too much labor. What would transpire then; when our rapids and great fa'ls have furnished light, heat and locomotion, dismissing the horse and cultivating the soil, perhaps propelling our bicycles to rest our feet ? rhey will serve for ornament and cooling shade, attracting show- ers, arrestmg and breaking the force of wind currents, breathing out oxygen in the summer sunshine, exhaling nitrogen in the darkness to feed other plants, enriching the air and the earth, dividing the "lights and f!ln^,'rf'^^^^ *^" accorded strife gives all the strength and color of our hfe; diffusing health, pleasure and beauty all around. In all these parts the school accommodation is adequate to the de- niand and the increase of the population. The subject of education should hold a much higher place in the minds of parents than it has at- tained to. It is useless to call the attention of the clergy to it for they have too much to do to keep the attention of the people away from their own neglects of study by contriving meetings for every 'night— boy meetings, girl meetings, old women meetings, old men meetings, Chris- tian Endeavor Societies, Christian associations that are sometimes secu- lar under a fine name. Then, a subject so popular with legislatures and with the clergy; the workingman, his long hours and low wages Did they give themselves to the training of the young in the principles of Christianity, they would have to learn it themselves and leave their popu- lar subject, and the people might seek or go into other denominations and their salaries take the dry rot. People are allowed to neglect their children, to hand them over to professional Sunday school teachers whose tiieo'.ogy is the latest fad, picked up in these Christian gatherings' where even preachers rail at old theology, and eulogize the descent of man, or the ascent of man, or the second probation, or the injustice of eternal punishment. AH heathen, Pagan and xMohamraaden nations hate Christianity, as many hate in Christian nations, and would with fire and svvord rid the earth of it if they were able. Their conduct is enough to make Chw.stian bloo-.I boil and indignation overflow in denunciations when they restrain bullets and shells. There arc professing Christians who would affect to be shocked if you expressed a doubt in their hearing, of the final salvation of thf bloodiest Kurd, coming from butchering old women and young infants *"f l^'T"'*.- ^''.''^ practice what they preach, professing the salvation of the heathen, they save their mcney from all missionary fads, leaving the Creator of these natural brute beasts to do with them as he pleases The Greek church in Russia denounces and persecutes the Riscolnicks dissenters. The Catholics doubt the salvation of Protestants Many Protestants, alas, pay them back. Some make a hobby of some rite to be observed after a particular manner or form. Others cling to some form of erdination or appointing its ministers. Some hang to theories about the rights, duties and powers of the civil magistrate. Others for or against lav patronage. Some delight in talkative meetings. Others in the fn.siiy tramp, the fife and drum What a pretty figure the human fam>ly cuts at present on the face of the world ! How disgraceful to its name ! leachersare becominpr pxtr-T\ ao-a"*- in /-f>;»- --^ *i i-i Ji^m IS becommg burdensome for wbar they give in return. The press is befmninij to speak freely on it in Toronto and elsewhere- The HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. '47 wrtravag^nce in legislation, in the executive, in the administration of the laws, the Boarol of Works, everywhere, that the meriis of living to the most M greatly diminished. There is hardly a day of the week that there is not a beggar at my door, some days several. Politicians have cried up the working man .«' high that he regards himself as s« precious that he cannot work on a farm but at a wa^e ruinous to the farmer, who is now resolving to work less land and do without them. Then the cities are crowded and no work of any note worth the outlay. They abhor soup kitchens, but would do useless snow shovelling well. There are many who are not parasites, whose hundreds and thousands are not filched out of the people's pockets, who are oppressed to keep up the parasit*'"' in the persons of cheating, renters, extortionate rates, or empty tenements, a property that w-ill not sell as there are no buyers, and popu- lation is being thinned out of city and country. Now a good education would do good to our rising youth, !>'it judg- ing from a number of samples we meet in the city, that education has been thrown away on, and has made them much worse than the most ignorant in the land. Our police force is like that of Montreal or New York They can worry and annoy peaceable citizens, but cannot make an arrest of rowdies, for that would break the record of their measured tramp, and no moderate policeman would so disgrace himself Wc sup- pose cities in their wisdom keep these forces, not because they are useful, but ornamental, and people will pay well for an ornament. We now remember a yoimg teacher, Mr. Fannen, who impressed us •« our first " visit to his school. He was the right man. We asked him to hold a public examination on a fixed day. Many teachers came. The ex- amination passed off so satisfactorily that the young teachers that were present saw fit to take hints from his plans and methods, and in three months evidences of improvement in the schools were visible. The Hares, Bells, Watsons, Grahams and others were trained there. One of the Hares is at the head of a fine ladies' college at Whitby. One was an esteemed professor in Guelph Agricultural College. His widow, quite young yet, Hves near by, and her brother, Dr. Graham, is a very distinguished and successful man in the South. Another brother is a partner of Bryson in the dry goods business, etc. Mr. John Robertson of Bells Corners wished for a man that could train two of his grandsons for commercial life. He proposed to give in addition to the salary of the section what he would have to pay for the board of the boys in the city, for the satisfaction of having them under his own inspection. Wc sent him the man who taught there nearly a quarter of a century, training a multitude for high positions in the business of society and the world. Several of his boys are doing business in the city among whom we may mention Mr. E. B. Brown on Sparks street, and Mr. F. A. Scott on Wel- lington street, the Messrs. Arnold, retired; Mr. Moody, blacksmith; Baker and his brother, Mr. Moody the undertaker and others, besides many enterprising farmers around Bells Corners. Many of the young ladies trained in these schools have taken high and honorable positions in the community. Teachers should encourage pupils to collect and bring with ihcm to school botanical specimens, so many days in the menth for e»mpari>on and general information in that drpartment They c»uW ^ imdci- contribution grasses, bcrbs i)lants, flowers, shrubs, arboMWi|, \ • W" i . 148 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. orchards and forests, as well as fields, meadows and gardens. To these they might add geological specimens in abundance. The thing would be a trainii.g to the young minds so employed, and lose no time but wake up a curiosity in them as well as arouse their powers of observation com- parison and classificr.tion, that would in time astonish the teacher and be of enduring benefit to all concerned, but especially to the young There should be a little more freedom In the course of education I he state of grades is too nuich Iil«' a broken limb set in plaster of paris A boy must take the course or quit the school. Exercises are good but most of the great runners, football players, curlers, etc.. have a "kick in their gallop quite unbecoming scholars not to mention the clergy. How many children we meet in the streets wearing glasses. The defect may be largely owing to neglect in tempering the light in the home and the school to suit them. Or it may arise from not educating the eyes to dis- cern the tints and shades in colors, and in the light in their varieties and objects, in their varied shapes and forms, a development to the sense of sight, a training of no mean significance. People are often set down as Ignorant, unthnking; few removes from barbarism or the savage state simply from neglect in their early school days; a fault which was cer- tainly not so much theirs as of the system that put them in the hands of poorly quahhed guides. These very people with a little care bestowed on them at the proper time would have become ornaments of humanity shedding light, lustre and refinement on large circles of society. The child goes to school with qualities of mind capable of receiving treasures ot learning, stores of information without which the soul, could not, well, could hardly at all, exercise its uncommon, its wonderful en- dowments. The manifest u.sc of education is to enable us to improve our powers, to properly use the wealth at our disposal for the best of purposes, self government and the perfect control of all our faculties capacities, powers and endowments. The.se are the opposite of empty- hG^dedness. Stores offsets trea.sured up in mind and memory to be heW in readiness for future u.se, when called up by the power of the as^ sociation of our ideas. But this requires time, attention, application memorising. No royal road to learning has yet been discovered. A* least none has been set open to the race by the fxreatest geniuses it has ever brought forth. To have the right kind of teachers in the schools the properteachers in the church, might swppow: judicious parents to keep children under proper control at home, to communicate information o< the genuine stamp, m the inos» winning manner, at the mo.st season- Hbte period, when the young mind is in the mood and season of investi- - ^Uon, with the brain flexible, the imagination budding into open activity tnc memory retentive, and circumstances favorable for giving the start 11. i.^e safe direction in early youth, and keep undeviatingly on the true P-Uii m early manhood, so preparing to bear the best fruit in old age, t'wjt m our brief passage across this globe, we may compel the testi- VM^"'' ^r^ *"" ^^^'^ *'°"* ^^^^^ *^ ^'^ ***<=• opportnnity. Is there a possi ►ihry of dotn^ better than by laying sp corn in the years of plenty afamst tNe time when blasted ears and lean kine, soproi)erU pictwre the ~ „, ciuDoraiciy set inrtn rhe ad- vast importance libttraf, truthful education ? kg HISTORY or THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 149 li ihowti and established in so many ways by the necessities of our na- tare wfiich otherwise can never he met orsatisificd, that the eficrgics of the soul, and the energies of life, should be aroused that it mi^jht ^ 'end its forces, its keenest attention, continued industry, its untiring applica- tion, to consummate a work so indispensable, so desirable, so profit- able. If there is a single subject within man's journey across this earth, in the description of which, unvarnished truth resembles rhetorical bom- bast, it is that of heaven-originating, heaven-inspiring and heaven tend- ing education. It is the work of a lifetime. We beu^in it with our first impressions and we learn till the last conscious hour of life, ('an the mind be too early impressed with correct ideas, wisdom, the love of truth, when the price thereof is above rubies ? Wealth may cast its eyes on another and desert us. The tarnished gold may take wings and fly from us. Diamonds may consume in the fire. But true learning shall have an endless reign in earth and Heaven. We can say this in the history of this township, which is at least not behind in the work of edu- cation. If our words of encouragement could stimulate the youths of our valley to reach the highest, brightest, noblest attainments in pure correct learning, it would be to us indeed, the highest gratification. Words cannot adequately set forth the worth of honesty. No line of ai^ument can, with .sufficient force, impress its importance on the young mind. To secure it early and then hold it fast with all our might, as our very life, that we may be able in old age to look back on a career of scores of years, spent in a world where there are some rough characters, speaking mildly, and be able to challenge them to produce an instance or caae, in which you have neither cheated, over-reached, nor taken of any of them an undue advantage. You may say we have wronged no man, we have corrupted no man, we have defrauded no man, and wind up with the sublime exclamation, "Yet not I, but the grace of God which was within me." Thanks be to God there are some such men on the earth. What is there to hinder the millions to enter at an early stage on such a course and follow it to the end ? There is more enjoyment to vouth stored up in cultivating the love of truth and justice, than they know of yet. There is nothing but danger and positive dishonor and misery in vice, gambling, the love of lies and the course of the world. Why should youths suffer themselves to be fettered by these, when the ennobling gifts of heaven are licld out to 'hem for acceptance? Treasures s« rich and imperishable should be the first tilings secured by our youth in the home and school, the first indelible impression.-* traced on the im- naortal mind, the first spiritual indentations made on the immaterial soul. Lying and stealing are the most despicable and contemptible traits in depraved man, alas, regarded only as defects, because they arc almost oniversal. The love oi truth planted within, will renovate and raise up oor nature from its ruins, become at once the law of action, bursting our chains, -establishing us in erect manhood, and giving to our words and actions the ring of the true metal. The opposite course may be ex- pressed in the words of the poet: "Tyranny sends the chain that must abridge the noble sweep of all their privileges , ;;ives liberty t'lc last, the be tjrained to apeak truth one with anothct, and co be honest ||M| 11 i5« HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. k tn^^i ^u^^'^^'^l of North Gower and southeast of Goulboum ho^n^d^t °/l'^*' southwest by Montague, in Lanark, and divided from Oxford on the south^.ast by the Ridcau. A line drawn ^rom ite southern point northward to Graham's Bay. would cut the county into one ^nT* ^•'^^^'r^^' J^e ^est land in the township ifes in two^elts one on the nver banlc, the other along the line of North Gower The Rideau belt was first settled by the adtenturous sons of New England who preferred loyalty to George III. to the new republcofThe thirteen colomes under the Stars and Stripes. Surveyor Steadmanseems to the" R?/;.r ' °' '"' S?' '^^'°^^" '^' ^"""-^ its'^concessio's para'eTwi h the Rideau s.ream Mr. Dcpencier appeared earlier than Steadinan who ^ved under him. These U. E. LV gentlemen at tha? tir^e musi have had some acqa.ntance with the Jamaica, for they report haTing had a five gallon vessel with them to soften down and overcome the liard ncss of the work A large part of the township is a flat rock bottom I^^ ofThe n?^.?^ '"''•^ T^' ''^^'^ ^^'^ ^^^P P'°"Sh'"S- The survey S- most ol the place was made between 1790 and 1800. k. t, f7u^^ ^^^^^ brrpthcrs, Burritt. came and took up land along the bank ofthe river. They were ref„oees from Connecticut and became the founders of the Burntt's Rapids village and surrounding settlemems of Marlboro. Mr Hard was with the Birrritts in the army, lost hsSther IS,' %T"R"^'.';?'"^'""l?';""f ">•"'=■ -^-^rnander on th^^ide of hi Brft T^„,JinHT?'""w'n''^^^^^'T'"^,'''^" '^^ ^^i«h Hamiltons for ifinl tel^ 1?'"^ ^'"•'"'' ■'^"^^/""g'^t for others against the Revolution^ Whatever king was victor the Hamilton estates were safe, and the others could be reconciled or pardoned, not exactly so with theBurritts Thev W • ^rJ^T"^' ^"^ I^T^^l'^^ Marlboro settlement, before Philemon Wright had explored the Chaudiere Falls, or any white man had cut a stick around its seethmg, foaming waters. We have heard from old people, or read m letters Li'^r.vn with n-., of the infiucnce of fheXrntts in those old times 1 hey were a kuu. of i-..!crs Ti..ir monarchy of course was im.ted. as no wbirc man u . n the nort!) of their commun ity, except the servants of the Mudson \' y Co If tnc mnl^i^,,v!I/ ^f a mere namlet 1 he tanuilcss savage roamed throueh the oathl^Kic forest, or paddled his light canoe on lake and stream, but^ of ^hSe m?n they were the most advanced. Woodlands covered the sites of HuH ^^w^r'Th "";' ''' '"'t^'' ^^'-.^'^ P--^'^^'^^^^ ^"^' '"°«t sipeb dwelling as well as the cherry, walnut, ash and the curly maple for our choicfst forniture, were then >n the live trees. M uch of their visiting to marke and Store had to be made on foot. Or if Montreal or Kingston w!^ to be reached, the hglu canoe or bateaux must do the work WeTavc been told of ex t re. ne cases n here dry cedar logs formed a crib on which fierrnJhf ^T"'' ^'""'^'^ '^"^'^^"^ ^"'^' «' '"^^^ ^is paddle ifSs fierce fight with mosquitoes, and was then compelled to fold his coat under his chin. and. IvinG' flat on his f^r^ o^rMi,.,! ^h» —^ .-' -" with his hands, fearing every moment a w'ind rising to ""blow' him «;ome 'HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 151 other way, or off his crib if the waves rose high. Perhaps some of these narrations were gotten up to excite or minister to the marvellous in our wt>ndering minds, who were inexperienced in such strange incidents. In 1796 Mr. Butler and Richard Olmsted, brother-^-inlaw, Americans, but not U- E. L's., hearing of the valuable lands off.. red in free grants by Governor Simcoe's proclamation, which was toKl all over the Mohawk Valley, came and settled down to make their fortune in the new country. A canny Scotchman, David Grant, girded himself to the task like hun- dreds of his countrymen that came into the Hudson Bay Company's service, came and settled down to farming in the year 1798. Burnside, Lacey, Norton and Fisher were all that came for about a dozen years. The small community went on clearing, building, fencing and improving, and as they had little or no trouble with the Indians, who were generally peaceable, they had nothing to disuiri) tlieir peaceful years. In 1799, if the report be correct, Stevens and Merrick went to explore the Chaudiere, with heads full of notions of mill sites, but were in doubt whether the place would attract settlers. This is the Stevens said to have been drowned in Stevens' Creek. Merrick returned from the Ottawa to settle on the Rideau Falls and found Merrickville. The Burritts and Hurds became captains, colonels and lieut.-colonels in the miHtia, that in all the townships of the county were in a measure organ- ized and ready to be called to do service if necessity arose. Some of the young men of the country fell in the service or died of wound.s received in battle. Municipal honors were conferred freely on these early hardy settlers, though none of them seem to have cared for parliamentary honors, which were alike open to them. Dr. Church, M. P., father of the popular Dr. Clarence Church of Ottawa, and brother of Peter H. Church, M. D., of Aylmer, resided in these parts. Clarence married the beautiful Miss Larue. The late Judge Church of Montreal, was born at Aylmer and was very popular in his short life. The Burritts and Hurds ruled many townships for many years. Marlboro was top heavy with Justices of the Peace. Officers and U. E. Loyalists generally got the appointment. It pleased them and did ne great harm to the people. The Government of that day thought it good to multiply these appointments though the qualifications were not always up to the mark- These exercised great influence over the new- comers Most of these magistrates were of the old Tory policy. So were George Washington and most of the members of Congress of his time, though they rebelled against the Government of Britain. Both the rebels and the refugees or U. E. L.'s were of the same stripe. To oppose either branch of this loyal party was to be a pebel. Of course no other party could govern a country. No other party should pretend to be a thinker, a scholar, or anything but mere serfs. Burritts Rnpids began to rise into the appearance of a village. Mr. French, father inlaw of the late Robert Blackburn, Esq., M. P., built the first mills on the.se little rap'ds that gave so nice a water power. This gave an impulse to the business of the little place, supplyinij lumber and milling, but except in winter on the ice, the crossing had to bo by ferry, scow, small boat or canoe, which was inconvenient. Consultations were held and bridge building became the thcnic of convcrsatiun at mills, notcls, and corners, and ki the homes of the .settlers generally. Thirty years had come and *r .it «WTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLET. WMdjoftkcGovernment an ,„.T.l Jhe people soon becmc gift. « if k i«d r oT^'arsed St 15 f™,r,'h'f ""r"i?^ "^= =■ cip.1 council became, vast in'proven'em^^^^^ [Zr'"' tI^^"'!"'^ WM of immense service to the scttlct-s Pon„l^ t„ ' ''^ '";"'R'^ »e river bank, to get across >vitl, tea „s. 0?en wj e , e tel',"fo ''°"" tm»e and umuers thp wim-fr ^i..;,rK» c ^'-" "^'^^ tiic tedms for some thought tiUy ?ou!d ploZh Ir o? H^ entcprisinfr younfr tellows The first horses were li^ht and swift for r„chu^^^^^^^^ *''^ plough.nfr. the pony lK.ilt Canadian, know as Y n' '^ o^ es t ^''''^ c.n. themselves admit th'atthor best tro c^rs are ^^^^^ quainuncewith othc-r br^.K^'es o tL ra4 the^JorTr'''* ^*="^^.^^- under such leaders as Saladin ' ' °^ Saracen soldiers race breeds that have n n odcnu'nl c n l^^ to cultivate the Canadian horses nuKst I^-ive ha so^e ^tZrof ti^^^^ ^^^f'^'^"- J^' they were fast and very serviccal^le T ^ imported Arabs as Thirty dollars would he an Iw r. . nr' ''^^^f '^ ^'^''y moderate priced, price-for a fineW hen irMon^^c'." The fi^^^^ ^"""'^^. * '^'^'^ was Edmund the so.i of Step lu-n ,? itt .L [k I ^°? "^ Marlboro daughter of Edmund Burr t7 The c w Ve "he firsfS IT" "^'^*' county which was then the Johnstown dstct Th. D " ''°'"" r" '^ had left but a son returned ind Mr H- . . f Dcpencer family • settled on lands. M i IsTrom the R, '^l! m ''T^ ""''^'^ ^'"^ '" '8i6 and John P.erce, a genuuie Irishman, came m 1826 Sd^^ Z 'ffj plain, but very !ar from other inhabitants h? n P * beautifd was the f^rst Reeve of MirlhfMo X! /i "^ " ^'^'■^^' * ^°" <^ his, came into force Vheyktn^^^^^^^^^ ^'' *»« P^^«<1. and place to halt, rest and refresh T \>^ ^' ^'"'"' * ^^'^ respectable of the Peace llehtdZthJt^^ ^^^ first Justice an American, had c meando S^ '"fr'^^^- . ^' O'^^^ted, and Charlotte', were hrfirst lnt 1^ u * ."^ SlocumandSeaton ThfM-d-l,"^^^^^^^^ V^^ *^« Americans, settled not far from Pierce O n/u -. "°rthern Irish, who came and are in Nepeaa and cSh.-c'^"V l" TC t" "^7^ '^'"^'^"^ managing: peop!. A son of fnu- f' ,V. .""t.1 ?!^^^*^" '"t^'l'^^^^t aod hvt-rri ■Wait :h. A son ot ot,e f.n„ly in Mariboro studied ft,7the P??! - ve.y iauiuisu.ti young man. became a fine scholar 1 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 153 w«h abilities far above mediocrity. His life vvus brief, not liviii^r long enough to be settled in a congregation. 1 le was highlj/ esteemed,- and h«s loss was much regretted by his fellow students as well as friends and acquaintances. Reeve Mackey, like his predecessors, was a man of talents and ability. 'I'his township was then in advance of perhaps all others in .stock- raisiny. At least they had introduced shorthorns aud were improving the common stock by this introduction of new blood. As far back as 1851, a shorthorn sire ivas used and sold by auction, the society not Mshing to keep him too long, Mr. Mackey bought him a! a very moder- ate price, rhis news was conveyed by a Mr. Simpson ot Goulbourn to a Mr. (jourlay of March, who at once drove up and secured him, Mr. Mackey generously handing him over at what he cost him at the. sale Ihis fine animal greatly increased the value of stock to these Mrirch l>eoplc, who had purcha.scd some of the same kind from Didsbcrv in March, he having imported .some from iMigland. This was about the time John Thompson purchased the Lan^rlcy struck and James Davnlson bought the pure white Durham 'calf from Didsh*,y that he kept for \cars and then sold to John Thompson. It afterwar<is passed into the posses- sion of John Clarke, Nepean, and was estima'cd as having increased the value of stock over ten thousand dollars in thirteen or fourteen years Hon. Thomas McKay had introduced Ayrshires, but the finest animal of that family was brought from tjie Gilmours, Quebec, calved on the ship from Scotland, a .savage creature, but the most beautiful that had ever appeared at the agricultural exhibitions in the county. About 1830 the Harbesons came. Three gentlemen held the office of town clerk for nearly half a century, Burritt, Johnston and Wiggias. After the new municipal act the Reeves were : Pierce, Mackev, Kidd Connor, Mills. Most of the Ikirritts have gone from their old home.' One became county registrar in the city, .some arc in the woollen busi- ness in New Edinburgh. One or two remain in the old homes at the Rapids. The Reids, McCordicks, Waldos, came about the finishing of the canal Sowle began the instruction of his neighbor youths in night .schools. This could only be tempniviry and about the year 1822, a school house was built of logs of course. This was afterwards purchased for a dwelling by Major Campbell and a much better erected in its stead. Henry Burritt, a boy of 14, was the first teacher. The laws in that period were not very strict nor very rigidly enforced. lUit we have known boys far superior to advanced men in our experience of superin- tending school. The first attempts at education outside the family circle was by night .school, a method that has not received enough of attention. Half grown people that cannot be spared from farm or kitchen in the day- time, might receive great advanc;i;.,rL. from .such short hours' training. ] he attention can be better ciiltiv .tied, being more shut up to the subject in the lamplight from the sunnimduigs. A politician in these lands whose principal offence was th.u hediod povcrtv-siricken, which is worse than plundering the public jMir.se and die rich, a^^amst whom the trials broke down in court, as he had tlic consent of his cabinet for his acts wht'rh iv»»r^ nr»t- f»-»lr»ni/->iic. ^•, ...,,, . «-K~ ri ,-! — J -■ 1 •- - r . i ' men of his province, encouraged iiiglu .scioois, and ■^■,i\ e some public aid fl 11 i 1; I: ill «f il III ill i$4 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. to the teachers to help on the work. He compelled those in the employ of the- Government to pay their bills or leave. His talents and good deeds went for nothing. The "less righteous" party was the stronger, and the greater plunderers prevailed. But from this small beginning in Marlboro public education rose with the necessity of the population, and has been kept in a state of efficiency. The Episcopalians built the first church, and they got occasional supplies from Mr. Patton of Kempt- ville. Merrick erected his saw mill at the Falls of Merrick ville about the third year of the settlement, three or four years before the Wright mill in Hull. The Presbyterians of Marlboro have no church but come to North Gower. These townships are associated for court purposes. The canal has one lock at Burritt's Rapids, which is thirty-five miles from Ottawa and ten miles from Kemptville, the nearest railway station. It is no part of our business as a narrator of events to tell the farmers what they should sow or plant but from travels and observations we find forest trees diminishing and prices largely mcreasing. Suggestions are not dictations. Recommendations are not commands, free men can act as they please. If they are afraid of failure they will notr try experiments. Marlboro offers the fairest test to prove how that a thin soil on a limestone bottom, can be made to pay under forest and orchard. We have not got all the data to prove the point in either the fruit or the lumber, but we know of apple trees not twenty-five years planted, that net two dollars a tree in good years. This is good interest on the plant rent and trouble. The land can be cultivated close to the trees, and if fruit and fore trees were alternately planted in rows thirty-six feet, six feet every wa> under each tree may be left and kept clean with the hoc or buckwheat. The forest trees could be left till well grown except ne- cessity demanded their being cut. It may cost twenty-five cents each to get a young forest tree raised and planted, black or white walnut, oak, hickory, maple, cherry, elm, pine or basswood. That at 5 per cent. compound interest will double, say in fifteen years 50 cents, in 30 years $1, in 45 years $2 and in 60 years $4. This may appear like looking h long way ahead, but the capital laid out is small, and that, one's ovvti labor. The rent of the land under the trees would be \ cry little, not a cent a tree. Cultivation would secure a greater growth. But if noi fit for cultivation, only forest land, the rent \v ji Id be still less as grazing' land. It is not easy to ascertain the growth of trees without measure- ment followed up for years. Mr. John Nelson of Nepean on the Rideau banks, told us of a little oak he was going to cut for a train stake but his man remonstrated that it was too small stripped of its bark to fill an inch auger hole, and he let it stand. It is growing still and is about forty years old. He refused six dollars for it and it still grows. Hickory would be as valuable, and maple with its sugar producing qualities as well as its value as lumber for furniture, flooring and other things would equal butternut. Cherry, white pine, ash, cellar, all which grow well on rocky land might prove equally valuable. We are estimating on present prices. Who can tell what advance the\- will make in sixty years? You might content yourself with 4,000 or with 16,000 forest trees on 100 acres with some thousands of fruit tret> among them, which would have their bearing powers ex- hausted cic iVk- iciest trees had reached their time of cutting. HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 155 l« sixty years these forest trees would on the present rafe of prices be worth about $30,000, and their cost, rent and labor about $20000 giving you the crops for the ^orkin^. There is no danger of the supply exceeding the demand. It might easily in fruit trees but not in the forest var.et.es. It .s unneccs.sary to dwell on this theme. A word is wif.'^^^n ^ m""'? "'r ^""^ ^'" ^'^^P* '* «" "^'-'^ » «"^=»» »cale ? A wise man would only cut from neces-'ty, as trees when a good si/.e rrow much larger every year than when small as everyone knows. The finest u""' ''aJ^'' choicest qualities should be selected as the most merrhant- able and the most profitable. The good, the beautiful and the . s ful could be cultivated to be enjoyed. Why .should not men come to know the qualities of the soil and use the knowledge thus obtained to the S advantages and the most profitabl ,ds ? This is according to the o der of nature and the fitness of thing-s. "'ucr .hJi'*V'°'' *'°"^ ''^" "'^ noth.nK-for itself or you, but would remnin a ..ahara forever, or grow gra.ss. weeds, shrubs, forests wild and irregular Larth cannot transform Itself into vegetable, but plant the vegetable seed or plant and it begins to dissolve the mineral and absorb it and convert it into vegetable forms and life, feeding itself on the verv rr,< ks l/crl^^hr^ r? ""^t' *u" ^'^^' Po^'^'f '^'"^"'■P^^^t^d i"toan^ become vegetable. Chemistry has not told us how she would return the vcjje- g:an,zat.on, noun.shes itself, appropriates to its use what previous to ex- petience and know edge of the case, would have b<^n pronounced impossible The animal again consumes the vegetable approDri tinS and distributing to every part of its whole orga^nizaSo;. The^ iS orporatt. the crystaLs, the animals the plants. Henee rocks fa/ to mist, and sloping hillsides dis.solve into vegetable forms in beauty colo^ gfatificatlot'"^ '''■''"' "■'''"'"^ ^PP"^"'" *"^ ^^^"••'^•"^ the^greatS The ambient atmosphere with its golden sunlight, genial heat and mollifying moisture acts on crystal, vegetable a.id animkUontribudng to the oravard propjoss of things, causing the most tender and delicate S »v(. . the most hardy, rugged and robust specimens of vegetable life to gcrr.. Le from their .seecls, and bursting tl e clod to inhale vtith its leaves as lungs the air, light and heat, to circulate the sap as blood in the veins and dissolving and digesting with its roots as stomachs, the crystalline Z^hlZ'r^ °"/ T P'^r' <^f ^-^"l^P^^ent day and night ince^ssan Iv! A!l these fo ms of life wither, decay and die and are translated into othS forms or as the old Roman has it : "All things revolve into all things?' T! cy do not make them.selves. Visiting the rockv hills around iL Mattawa we saw red pines very tall standing on large rocks with so htle earth that you would ask where is their visible m^n.s oTsu^port ? There has been a great cffcrt in our age by scientific philosophers to ds- over the ongm of life, and so much has been said and written that one ookmg at the..e trees on these rocks ^s thrown into n ncctions ks to theTr r.vat.on ot nounsbnient to be able to exist in such unfavorable loca^^ ifth ^°"^^"bf^^^'" >'""•• readings of tin productions of the savants of the modern schools of Europe as well as those of America and ask what th lifllt thf>v «Vi»^r) nti f-KioL-, -rv I, em, and what secrets have they LnjUj^dit into TiS of nature, if you may so call It .i view by their hermeti- 15^ OTTAWA VALLET. caily 9eal«d[ cucumbers and bottled hay tea, and you find the phil oj o tj ^fcf with all their instruincnts and fine terms unsatisfactory. Protopuawi Electable term the scientific philosophers glibly employ to cover an uo- fcncwn quantity. About forty years ago an anxious encjuirer wrote to TAf Herald and Presbyter of Cincinnati asking : "What is protoplasm ?" The learned editor replied ab ignoraniio. We do not know. Prof. Huxley, pen in hand, sitting in his laboratory, with his big jar of protoplasm sealed up and labelled, "not to >e opened," writes thus : ''Life must proceed from life, and this idea is victor ous along the whole line of modern biology." These gentlemen will not define protoi)lasm. They seem to have reached the lowest strata, the indefinable, the ne plus ultra, the foundation of creation. Yet the word must be plastic, mouldable, some thing, of some kind, even if it should be inaudible, intang. ible, invisible and incomprehensible, yet thinkable according to these scientific authorities. A Philadelphia chemist of some note thinks it OHist have been the origin of the earth, and of all creation, from the initc mvisible to the most unwieldy elephant, or the greatest sea monster of tbe mighty deep. The thing would be worth investigating could it only W accomplished. It resembles the soul of Socrates, which he wished his disciple not to confound with his carcase. Protoplasm is not the oigmism, soul, body, life, but something else which can not be discovered, detected or •Jctermined, at least by our senses. "The vulture's eye hath not seen it." Suppose a t^rain of wheat is placed in the earth at a favorable time when and where it will be susceptible of moisture, heat, air, light, some visihle, some invisible, acting on the seed by which it puts forth a germ, goes down and fonns rootlets in the soil, at the same time it pushes a budinto the air, bursting the clods and developing in the light. Is protoplasm the substance within the bran, hull, shell or envelope, or is it some- thing without, above and beyond the starch, gluten, flour, that the seed contains ? Is it one or all of the environments, elements .so seeminglv necessary to its existence ? Or is protoplasm a romantic term evolved from the fertile protoplastic brain of the learned scientific philosopher, a term invented to cover our profound ignorance and conceal the truth? Should we subject the animal kingdom to investigation the thing may be more complicated, but the reasoningVill be nearly the same, consid- ered analogically. The female bird, whether it be the humming bird or the ostrich, lays an c^g. That tgg with the application of heat and other surroundings .soon shows a living creature within, which in due time bursts the shell, issuing from its dark confinement into light and liberty. Protoplasm m*A be within the shell or without it. People of ordinary intelligence can admit that the little being is sustained by the substance within which no more solves the mystery of its creation than the starch of the grain of wheat solves that of its springing to life; but when the shell is broken and the bird picks up its nourishment they cannot see how it is fed by a protoplasm outside the shell or prison walls while they are unbroken, and to whicii hit'^erto it has been forbidden access. Seeds are, tc all apficarance, dca ' matter till i>laced in con^litions where they are suscept- ■■ >le of vitality. The egg, iflcft a certain time, will become incapable of i.ic in tacraost fa.ored corKiitioiis. i he same holds of the healthiest HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. '57 plant seeds if proper conditions are wanting, though they mnv endur« to a period more remote. The fact of possible vitality is not ciMcstioned in these cases. But where is protoplasm ? What light docs so learned a terra throw on the origin of life ? Is it the cause or the occasion of lie f H It any discovery ? Such a dream of philosophers may remove the cause a httle farther back into the dark mystery, but gives no solu- tions 1 he visible beginning of the chicken was the egg, of the plant was the seed. To trace these back a thousand generations throws no light on the ongin. Protoplasm may serve as a little play of the imag- ination, but as none of our senses cognise it, and it gives no explanation. It cannot be science ; for science professes to be knowledge, therefore protoplasm is fancy. Investigations show protoplasm to be a nonentity. Creation con- h-onts the protoplast and he is silent before the only wise, true good Omnipotent Creator in whom all beings have their existences He makes, preserves, governs every creatuxe and every act. All are his oHspnng. Their works are his- An invisible life-giving agency must be admitted and to call this protoplasm is low, vulgar, barbarous, utterly be- neath and unworthy of the name of a scientific philosopher. It is not hke the genius of an Englishman, nor of a Roman, nor even of a Scythian. Why attribute to plastic matter what it lays no claim to ? It is not only pheasant and entertaining, but intensely interesting to sit and listen to the Huxleys, Tyndalls, Mamiltons, Murchisons, and an almost innumer- able host of scholars, when they learnedly and eloquently talk on the phenomena of mind and matter and investigate the origin of life- but dreams are not science, the loftiest theories are not knowledge, the most subhmeflightsoffancy are not ascertained facts, however charming or delightful they may be to hear or read. They say like produces like, and men do not gather grapes of thorns or hgs of thistles, but if creative power be left out, all the efforts in the laboratory must ever be absolutely abortive. It is reported that when the bees lose a queen they will gather the essences of certain herbs and Howers and apply them to the egg in the comb during the state or time ^ incubation, and the young queen eventually appears. These are only the visibte applications of materials, that wituout the aid of creative power would be utterly inadequate to accomplish the end in view. The mysterious communication of life no created man knows, perhaps no angels eyes have ever witnessed the secret. Investigation is in many things legitimate, and in certain conditions not forbidden, and may in- crease our knowledge, even vivisection, though very unpleasant and to the poor animal painful, may not be a sin. But when we have hatched a theory and dreamed over it for years, then dogmatise over it as a cer- ui"^^^' ^*^ contribute nothing to science except to bring it into contempt We have made this little digression because even in botany foundation- less theories are laid before young students who are not prepared to op- pose them, but whose tendency is to hide the glorv of creation under sonae miserable subterfuge. Scientists are regarded as thinking men, by way of eminence; why should they lose themselves in idolatry, in a ... , ' ;: — ' - •■ •.•-•-,...,,;, r^L-v/uv t.iic uiij^m ui lire, which they cannot discover in their alembics nor comprehend in the mightiest stretch of their intelligence, but which shine in the kght of fe II' Ml 158 HISTORY or THE OTTAWA VALLET. Revelation to the eye of the soul. "Through faith we understand tK*t the worlds were framed by the Word of God, so that things which are seen were not made of thinf^s which do appear." Man should use his undcrstandinp: to en.ploy the forces of nature which his intelhjitnce may direct in j-uat advanUgc The fissilitv of rocks shows that tree rools n ay icnttralc thcni, shape themselves to the openings, and with no vi^siblc appearance of support, maintain themselves erect, wave their green flag all summer, grateful for the drenching deln-e that washed their stems and leaves from insect pests, mollifying the soil and the very rocks on which they thrive and flourish. In the %rcat la- boiatory of nature tiicse workmen convert earth crystal and rock into living vegetable fibre, adaptable to so many nameless purposes and us« m our business economy. The more congenial the soil, the greater the prohtswillbe We have no doubt that the workmen on the Central Canada railroad by their reckless fires consumed more than a million dollars worth of forests in the year 1870, to the i^cople of Carleton. But that absorbing, consuming forty cents on the doiU^r concern never pr« posed them any recompense. Their vast traffic in freight from India and China has done wonders for this Dominion. Judicious labor timely employed representing cash will be n ' ^-hh compound interest in fruit and forest trees well planted and kept. .^'or fences, plant a row of maples round the place 1 1 feet apart, this is not half the labor of planting posts, and the trees will grow where posts will not stand, burround these with a wire fence attached to a strip one by two inches, .Six feet long, set again.st the trees, tied uith a tarred cord and a pad to save the tree bark and to hold the wire fence in place The wind will not di.sturb the trees. Maples are sure growers and sui'ar producers. This mode of fencing is cheap and durable. Stone houses are the best for farm or city. They are less expensive than brick and ten times as enduring. Clean cut rock.vork. well built, three Tories high and flat roof, well furred inside and carefully plastered, wifl never go out of style It is sightly, salubrious, satisfactory, commodious and comfortable. The science of grafting is well known, and perhaps as old as antediluvian times. The husbandman Noah likely understood it well i^it the growth of last year to the .stock, wood to wood and bark to bark carefully cut and make airtight with grafting wax, composed of an equ.V vveight of tallow, beeswax and resin, dissolved together and applieci to the wounds. The wax may be put on hot or cold. The Christian hk IS engrafting into the living stock, and its goal is the house not made with hands. If one confines his planting to valuable forest trees, he mav plant four times as many in the straight lines. Over 16,000 may rrow wdl on ICO acres, and 33 feet between the lines. After ten years' cultivation the larm is enriched and the young trees well up. 100 acres may be cut into ten lots for pasture, each field to be eaten three days in the 30 days 100 cows may be fed on it from May istii till Oct. 15., provided that the Dressing isscattered with a light harrow within a week after the cattle leave it. The great provincial park on the north may supply pine and other lumber as well as preserve game ;ind a grand water supply. But how great will be the demand in the coining ages, of which ours is tSe precursor ? We iuncy tltcrc is a foiiuae in sight for the man who IM HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 159 ctlt^ rd thi^h "*" ". ''"'^ '* r^- ^"'' ^■•^'•'y "^"'^^ PO"".oc» and ^o her rha^S Tr^' ^?"^ ^"^ ''f'"^- l'«^oP'« '^'''^J"'" lied co to ^ua irccnt J. o°f fi;^"^' "*" V'''^'^°"^«^y ^ere very few and rare. The St^eTrS!..^'';*; "^"'t ^^°"'^ f^'^^ '"»« debt and perhaps not ceDtion/HtH?fI?i. ^"'m K 'C'"'^'? P'-"''P«'-""s- But with these few ex- ^™rT t[ ''^''"V''^*'^"""^ vvithtlie conduct of the people in ind hoi* ,7^r>.^T>''"^'>' d'«P"'^'^d to one another, and were^Keneroi" cloor a? Indl'" '^V' ''"'"'r"' '^f '^^'•^"^^^^ f^""^ '^ther lands An „?en and whei r.J.^. jjreetmK' and ample entertainment awaited the wayfarer he w^s f^rwarcLd^^n hT/^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ -'^'ra' '5 es^ectin^'7on*n.H « ^'V""'-"^r ^"^ furnished with all the information crs^rasSull.^^ "^-'"^^ ^^'^'^ -^^^^-^-- ^"t the"re wet^ieVVr: • migh^cauTe'a7reri'X''r.%r'" "'"P"*^ '^^"'- "^^^ "^"^^ whiskey wif out W fH.l T r^- '* ^^'^ '^"*''^' ^^^^ "P ^hen the drink Sabbath viAiJ^T^^^^ >nce restored. There was too much "harmless" this fort^re we-Iw ^P*'-««=c°"'^'t'on of the settlements accounted for tnis iortM«re were few or no mmisters for a number of vears and f-h*. men "FatiM::"^' 'f ''''?T'' ^° '''^' "-<■"' -'^ "ec'^s'^y Tiass of ^siJfroi . r. S '"""^^'"^^ ^''*="' '■^''■^''°" ^"^^ '"^^^l^ty that had not a visit from a clergymen m a quarter of a century. We had no crv ahonf religion m the schools, and no mobs of those school religious scam os to mjure person or property as now. It is amusing t^ hear of whTcitv mmisters have travelled on horse back, who perhaps never kepT a hoS two years of their lives, and elders telling of long rides that thev made oocem a twe vemo.uh, orhalf a dozen times ira^Ion^'evvhYt those who have had many long wearisome rides, say not a 'wiable about ter whofr 1 ^°""^ ""1^''' '^.i'^'^^^° '^"'^^^ ouLome won lerful minis ter who has done so and so. Ed itors should clip these ten feet ong fox- f^n r.n"'i; "''r^^ ^[^ ?T''^'' ^^ould correct the idolatry when ir^fg^a- ncn only has furnished the statements. Good morals were cuSed before the anxiously looked for ministers arrived cultivated marrLVe c'ereZn: ' Hut' tt/^^ '^^ ^^"V^f "'^ '^' ^'^'^ P^^^^^^^^ ^he little faith fnZi^«.r? ^ '"''"r'^''^ ^"'^ the magistrates themselves had little taith n these performances, for when a minister came the fart th^t- they were legal did not prevent a J. P. from having it re^«^^^^^ Th.r. la ed w. h the.r policy Loyalty to the nation and byal y to the Tr I'r t! I Wl ltf» HISTORY OB- THE OTTAWA VALLEY. ^, S eme wouM say Charles Stuart was very loyal when he was ruling iiijlhout a Parliament and levying war on his people. Others would say Ohver Cromwell was loyal when he made the enemies of Enpland qiia'il before his "army, whose back no enemy ever saA^." Little rninds clad Ml the panoply of their own authority regard all differing from them as rebels and delight to call rebel vociferously. Granting these excellent men all they claim of loyalty in their own bosoms to what they deem the object of loyalty, they may not possess that superior principle that would grant equal rights to others who may be as anxious for the true prosperity of their country as themselves can be. Men may be clear- sighted, profound thinkers, much more loyal when necessity arises, than those haughty spirits whose throats and lips are ever booming forth their loyalty. ^ John Churchill, the undaunted warrior Duke of Marlboro, with whose title the township was honorably. named, possessed a very pecu- har kind of loyalty. The traitorous deeds of this uncompromising parti- zan were not known till long after his great name as a hero was estab- lished, lellmeone good deed that Cromwell ever did?" said Dr Johnston to the old laird, Boswell. "Gad sar, he £rart kings ken that they had a lith i ther neck. James Stuart had so revolutionized the army and navy, and even the universities by injudicious di^,missals and ap- pointments, that the best blood of his country, the abLst men of his empire took such a stand against, that he ignominiously abdicated his throne and kingdom. Loyalty to the dcsi>otic king and to the rights of free men. could not dwell together in the same mind. Marlboro pre- ferred James to William the liberator, whom he regarded with the most uncompromismg and deadly hatred. A pohtician of the mould and cast of James and Charles, he could see nothing to admire tn the policy of the Dutch English William, and he carried his bitter enmity to sufch a pitch as to betray his country. Learning that a small expedition was to be sent to the coast of f ranee to try and regain what Mary Tudor had lost, he sent a messenger to notify the abdicated James, who at once communicated with Louis and preparations were made to slaughter the troops as they were bein^ rowed in the boats from the squadron tO the shore. A firt was opened on them with deadly effect from ma.sked batteries and before they could return to the protection of the ships, many lost their lives. Marlboro in rendering the attempt a failure besmeared himself with the blood of his countrymen, and covered his memory with an infam.ous stain. This base act only saw the light when access was had to the papers of James aft.T Marlboro had become a hero and fattened the plains of the low coun- tries with the blood of almost countless thousands, and was himself numbered with the dead. Had one dared to hint that John Churchill wasa traitor or disloyal, how many, ignorant of the fact, would have rushed to smash his head. What a crv, disloyalty ? and traitor ? But these have been used too otx^n and by the wrong party. Limited mon- archy is one of the mildest forms of government. Responsible govern- m ^t for the people by the people, is safest, but people require care and training to be able to maintain these sacred rights and nrivileges There src so many mercenaries, v eiial souls that will take bribes, "home-bora >.aves that are beneath contempt except for their votes. Their purchase^ ed with Louis HISTORY OF THK OTTAWA mLLEY. i6l fviS^T" nint.*^^'^. \°^*^ "P ^^^'' ^-^^ f»«« ^ ^ bribery were i»ne of them came for admission, he woJld slam it in his face ' dkr fl!?"*.7' * "^'o^^J '" *^'^ O^*^ World whose hired man used to dtg the potatoes on Sunday to have thrm fresh for Hinn^- w;o u \u were disturbed about it. bu^i hew wLTdThlrs^op t'""o"eS^' "fm^ E^had !^rhL";-^i"»"^ -^'f '^'"^' ^"'^ Dr. A-i told a stmr.; dre^n? ."^te'Va^ -'^"ho a^^''yo'uV^".^::i^^S7^1^\^^^^^^^^^^ f »^ sion." "You cannot get in with that^ackaae "H" Sl J f"""^ enough, there I had under my armt b^undle^of m»n^tdl ^'"^ '"'"^ On my way back I met yourself. DrT— and saTdDrT ""T"'' opportumty to hum.hate their country and corrupt one Tnother ? Such men as the hero c Duke have been usJd in fh. Ko!,/ r ov.r™H„B Providenc „ destroy thcToweTof ? f foS ff'cr f Brifa.v" ame,.ors held thar country together in defiance of her foe,^b?oad and «„-»-„uch ™.re reyjTeS Sad'Thar^StSi:, "o?That1.p"„"b!c"^JS l62 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEt. labors of others Under XnoP '■''^'V?J^1!''P*'^y ^" '^= fruits of the would have been a deDenden-^of 7 °^ ^^^ 5°"'^ °^ S'"^*^ ' 'England the nations of the eartC her^aL to eL^^^^^^ ^'''^''''^ '^'^'"^ this day. The leadin^r Jnin> i^ R Z =. ovation and impfovement as at for settlement LdwL/K? in Brockville when Marlboro was laid out wood SyLHans we^^^^^ "P" T ^U^^"^" J°"^^ ^he Sher Shirrif s of l^Soy were edur^t^H^ P^^^'*"' ^^3'' y°""S "^^"^ ''l^^ ^he survey., town"h^s":rt^roveTnS"'*^ ^°"^^^^^ °^ distiniSed w'^rTthl^c?"'^'^''^^^ t^^ ^c;^^'" ^?' ^'^ ^^-^^-" - ^ tional church Fn^Nn!? ^^ ^^V" ^r. Smart from the Congreea- ofBrockvHe'^AtnoVhi^;^^^^^ congre^atfon Robert Boyd, afteru"fds Dr RnvH ^ Smart ,n Upper Canada. Rev. who camera licenS: to P^escott'^L " ll^'l'J' "^ ^^"^1 ^^^'*"^' preached to them between fiftv and .Ivm ordamed there and to his rich reward. He was abundln In^li'^?*'' f'^l'' ^*' """^ ^^^>' edification of souls He 7rUu^Ar ". ^^°'^ ^^'^ ^^^ conversion and preaching xvhere he could conilt/^'' ^a"^ "^^^ 2/^'' '^^ "^^ settlements in these tours The L° had l^tn^'^J''"^- "^ °^'^" '"^'■"«<^ P^^Ple be wh.ispe.ed thai Mr.'Ly'd' '^X'^tere^o^^^^^ '^^^^ " '° was mooted in Ireland R„t Jhl- fef. u b ^? ^*^- ^^* ^"'"e idea legalizing Presbyter a" marr^Ve^ S ^ Parhament put it down by forward ts a stalkW ho^se o Test th^T*" \"<^^c>0"« Parties put one who took steps to d?fendhim° elf A^^^^^^^^^ ^^ prosecuting Mr. Boyd, Mr. Eovd went to Bro?kvil^wi/h ^. u ''^*' "^^^ "°^^^ *"^ ^""« ^^ort The judge ev"dentlv wishing totl " P'^P.^'-^tions a. he could make woulil .el-rain from peb^^^^^ Boyd if he give time to consult authZtesTK?^-w "''''* "'"''^e °^ '^°"rt, to the proposition of His Hono the Id.. T'^ P''^'"?*'^ "^'"P''^^ ^^ to so to the Islands in the like as n^entr^**;;!^ ^'5^'" *!^''' ^^- ^^^^ there. He refused saying the word of a ^^S""""^' ""^ "^^"T ^h*^" metMr.Boyd,buthiscl-.Vr Ws*W^*i„,S ^"^"^^"^^" ^ad never his behalf to search un All Vhi^f. ^. T""^ "'''•'' ''^^ ^"ce moved m drew up and Snt himVfine hnW Pf°'"'' ^''^^ ""■^'' ^ ^*^°'- ^'^ <^«se. He books a^nd pages Furnished w,>h'T^ to enacl.nents, court decisions. Inmseifmas'tefofth;rat J'/a/arhecoum '^'- ^°>L' "^"^^ pointed put, and came uo to ro, rVn! i ^''" "^ ^'^^'^^ ^° ^^^ *'0^s his own cause. ThrFrench oroverh 1 J">\'"r°"' '° '^^ ♦^'^*'^' *» P'"^ o•^rncaschasafoolfo^h1•sclienT nrl^^'V*'*''' "^^ ^*^° P'<^*^ ^^^ ti.ne a y<H,ng ma^ When the c^^sf'.^^u "^^ "? ^°°' ^'^^"S'^ ^^ that .vor o« the side of the proicution Dr h ^ ""^ ""J? °^'u "^ ^^ *^ '»^- the pa Tv;rs carefully wr^ttr^ "f^h^-^^ ^^'^^^^^^^ "P ^'^ defence and a«dweIlfhouPhtoutT Hebo^^^^^^^^^^ !:ii^^"-i^°-^^4e-Se ^___«, .cp.,«:« sooic oi the enactments a-d ga^ tiM." fefere^I ^'^'^ HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. olves in sheeps* the fruits of the tuart,'' England *ar from leading Movement as at ro was laid out les. The Sher- ig men, like the je contracts of s grandson is a the Congrega- 1 congregation "anada. Rev. leifast, Ireland, ned there and 'as called away on version and lew settlements married people t it began to rhe same idea t it down by irties put one ng Mr. Boyd, and time short, ! could make. •- Boyd if he ig of court, to complied with iked Mr. Boyd marry them not be broken, ida, a U. E. L., Ofking young m had never ce moved in his case. He ot.'-t decisions, Boyd made B to the works eeth, to plead lo pleads his hough at that 1 by the law- defence and ! to keep to fsome length id entered on fereoces. 163 ,s th?^hi?. f "^'^f^^" °^ ^^^ l^*^ present, many were there from a distance !^1 thing was Known, gave assistance; getting the books, looking the pages, sometimes readm- to give him breathing time. Fo^ all this ht n.'r'ts'^5nK"^'->"'"','^K"*' '^^ .^P"'^^^ bristled with points, was in some parts exhubcrantw.th humor, of which he had a rich fund he then summed up ami loft it to the court. The Judge congrat»,ia^d Wm on b.is success, arlnutted that he had made good his claim, established Ws rights and accordingly decided in his favor. The fearless brat ,y th ' ■ nanly bearing, yea the magnanimity of the little man in the face of 7tolZT'WP^'f ''"^°'* '""'"^ °"^ P'-^^^"^- H'« opponents we?e astonished. His friends were m transports with his able, eloquent defence- h|s free ready use of th, points of law, but above all the upright and kindly decision of the Judge, which set at rest the rights and legality of 1 resbytcnan marriages ever after. They warmly congratulated him as rhe'ln?.^ r'^'-f ?\"-^P^\,;^i^ marriages that had been arranged fn the interval awaited him. We have noticed before m this history the purpose of marriage written out, dated three weeks back, nailed to a large birch tree that long stood on the third line of March. It was posted at II o clock on Saturday night, and the couple married next mornine t. save time and sent home through the woods doubled or the two made one. All very legitimate, not one called it in question. But te compel a young Presbyterian minister who had spe«t eight of the best years of his Lfe in cultivating talents tor the mission work of his Master, to take the oath of allegiance before he could legally celebrate matrimony, when afl Episcopal minister or a Roman Catholic priest was not required to do so, all three bcmg born British subjects, is rather arbitrary, to say the very least of it. ./ > »/ If you doubt our statement y©u can find, a record in the hand- wrrtmgofthe late LoJ Burke in the Registry office of the county of (.arleton in the spring of 1 85 1 . If the thing were a competition before competent judges, then let the best charger clear the hedge and no more be said. But to impose burdens on one whilst another is eased is con- trary to bcnpturc, which Christian nations and peoples profess to respect a»d contrary to reason, which distinguishes man from brutes. The man who will not recognize his obligation to Scripture and reason, is a f^rn^e mturae m humanity, a wild beast, a persecutor, a Moslem in civilization. But PrMbyterians were not rebellious. They were loval. Thev were Monarchtsis under British rule. They waited patiently for brighter and better days. UnhappHy they are politically divided. This arises from their freedom. The clergy do not, dare not coerce, except in individual ewes or chqu€s, sometimes formed to the nreat detriment of the church. Lhurches discover that domineering is unprofitable. Politicians will find t unremuaerativc some day. The atmosphere has greatly cleared in the last fifty years- Prejudices die hard yet they die, and never can be resurrected. liumanity rarely fcced«« from its cofHii»«fte. The savages of the New Hebrides could not believe that water could be found by digging, but when they saw the clear water, they drank it, and when Dr. Paten fold them the water il!.^, !?*!•_ fj" they g»t ^im coral rocks to^ build it up. All tke 'Prcsby- l^n?.rs in iiie woTio are not much .shoit of icxj.ou 1,000. if they were one in politics in every nation tlie>- coulH have a healthy iwluence o« m \m' i€4 HISTORY OF TOT OTTAWA VALLET I; I 5°yf "'^."^- '^o'- years the tax collected in a township at first w;.. .o^th.y work tiU^Cro^to'n^th^/iX^^^ "enCeTor,urr„,^;Tu''»^^ reigning corruption and fraud eveS^^he/ We wnnM^ ^"^ '* 'fJ ^.^'^ nity and display of .hr,'.Tn 'a;^^;o'c^ar''TS:tv'et« ^T^""^^ tt* K^ educated clergyman in any sect is not ^iLur^*u^ ^ °' ^*** ^'^^ Some of the former d^not Hr^ a tWr?^ wL\ ?h'°'"T'*''^?'"I^°y^^ ^ ._, ^^,d ^ j,^^^. ^^,^j ^^ ^^ Dommion, except the« HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 165 hirelings that ^y no taxes. The system has made minionaires and mendicants. Tupperism dies with violence. Such legislators are not fit to be pound-keepers. THE NORTH SHORE OF THE OTTAWA. -^'-^Sr We have mentioned in a preceding page the arrival of Mr. Philemon Wright in Hull. Afterwards he was appointed to a seat in the Pariiament in Quebec; for there was scarcely an election as the county had only his own little colony of less than a hundred souls, and judges, etc., were appointed to sit in the Legislature in those times. He reported to the Government that he had between 1796 and 1799 explored both banks of the St Lawrence and the Ottawa as far as the Chaudiere Falls. His report is the history of Hull in its beginnings and progress. Mr. Wright, after considerable difficulty, secured two respectable men to ac- company him on the exploration. They halted at the great falls and went back to examine the quality of the land, cutting long small trees and lodging them in large ones that they might climb and get a view of the country. Had they climbed the barrack hill or Rockcliff thcv could have seen the level country to the mountains. The tall thick forest hid the mountain range out of view from the level of the shore of the river. They must have come in a canoe, though he does not describe it but he speaks of the smoothness and depth of the river. From Montreal he could not have come on foot to the Chaudiere for there were so many rivers to cross, not fordable anywhere near their outlet at the Ottawa. Had they brushed and blazed a road from the Falls north, they could have had a panoramic view of the whole valley and the river from the Chats to Grenville, as we have often seen it. From the heights of our city you can take in the range of your vision nearly a hundred miles of mountain, river and valley. They returned to Mont- real reported their discoveries to the gratified people and went on to Woburn, Mass., where the narratives of the men made such impressions that he was able to employ without difficulty twenty-five men and induce five families to begin the settlement. They left Woburn, February 2nd, 1800 and on the 13th reached Montreal. After a short stay they pro^ cceded about 15 miles a day, sleeping at the houses of the habitants at nights. They had considerable trouble with teams and their wide double sleighs on the train roads, keeping one animal in the snow alter- nately to keep from wearying one out. The trip to the head of the Long Sault is minutely described, and how they camped out with great fires, and the woman slept in covered sleighs, the men with blankets over them around the blazing fires. The men were happy without a landlord to collect fees or complain of extravagance. The former journey had been by water, and they knew nothing of the ice, and so kept some running on before them, cutting to make sure of their safety. He speaks very highly of an Indian, a good savage with his wife and child, who wondered at the animals, having seen nothing but wild ones before that time. He left his wife and child in the woods and became their ^uide to Hull. They camped on the bank in the open air about six or seven nights. The banks were twenty feet ---I,;; — -^••-^- ivrx^v. ti-^h ,.v.aiii= iiiiu SlCijjIJo VU tOC ICC aHO CiimD the toanks, cut the wood for th.ir iircs. cook supper and breakfast and I :*1 i65 HISTORY OK Till- OTTAWA VALLET. STtfalS^niyTfrom'Sstart'^T;'^ ^th of March. . theri^crandthcra^nVeTmo^^^^^^^ '^"^ between in beauty and fertility on Th^rcontinen/rT''^''' if Pf '"'V'^P^. unsurpassed soil with its clay bottorDroter^rdh The rich dark, deep, alluvial the sea lerel. ac^cS^lo^sTr WHlii^ ? '^^'" ^'^^^u'""' ^'75° <"<^*ct above the back country a k n d so i X . ^^°&f "' ^'th available passes into must have app2;ed to one brou^h? '"'"•'''I'^tfr'^ ""^ '^^ cultivators of New Englaml. as the shadow ff.^^^^ ^'^' and narrow valleys was .« untouched urrokenfoTestifTh,1^ P^'-adise. It oak. cherry, white wabut Tp uce 1" I '^aoirfhi^ r ^^ white pine white grores enough to delight he eve and fi^lTh. ^ f V'-'ye -md curly,) in with dreams^f wealth^faidy iSculaWe ^'"^ "^' ^'^^'^^ ^"'^'^'-^^^'^ mind^^^!l^^!^^J;^i^,--^^P-e^ the eye and prime of life and maturc!^KHnTh..^^^^^ '" ^'^'^ ^^''v four times the pr.ce „f Ki "/h/l 5 ""^'T °," ^'''^ '^'""P "'=^^ ^^o^h -o:thtwicethederringand 7^,c'4''h^^^^^^^ ."^'^"^ "^ ^^ ^^^"^'^ whole as equallino- the broi I nr ,cl?" ^J- Practiced cv c took in the there were seeming vinsupej^^^^^^^^ fu^^H^ dukedom. Obstacles that followed Harold, the econ to th. d.r' ?T^"^^"t of the Rents yiel*»g at last, k is tru.'on th" fi d of hIT °^ ?""" ^"'' Norwegian, qtaished as wearied with conques was ncVt r« [^''•.^;'' "°i "'^'""^^^ ^^"■ ties. He was (>f Kentish blood fhonJK u^ '^'^''''■^'^ ^'^'^ ^''fficul- is Ddt lacking i„ his postn^ V for ?1^. somewhat Americanized. Valor »o,^ch, if an msult'^^eS 'ffered cou?d"s1 ^U^^'' "^"' '''' ^atineau's unccern, in calm dcfianc" of tne foe ^ ^^^^^^^ undaunted a h^d at cucunp down the fi?t?ree T. u^""'^' ^^^l everyone took dc:.«ng away df the woo is ,d hn?M; ^'?"lbegan and cot.tinued the The sotnds of the axra?;d fa,l n^^ff ^ habitations for man and beast. sugar mak;ng ^-^'l-n.^ of trees brought the Induns from their ev«J;:;^g':i^;^t^^^ looked on woiidsav, of Jamaica rum Z\d'U ,1! /° ^Jiood horn, as Connn' or glorious. They ^de'^i^,^; vi^ "1"^^ I^^^^'; "'^f "^^'^'"^ '""" presents and returning others of ., If ' for about ten davs, receiving eyes. T.here was no^ld Annhises Tn '''l ''""'T"" .< ^''^'^ ^iind the ^^//../.m./a/' The unHmitcd '^^^^^^ ^'' ''InucoDonaioset tion. deer flocked in pSy to S^ sL T''' ? ''"" '"^''' ^"'' ^^^ ^^'^P^""^" state of thing.s was not of <.;" dur t^ n ro Jh.^T'^"' ^'"^ P'^^«^'^^ tfeat the;. ..g.r groves woulKls'a^^^^^^^^^ ^^-^^^ ^^ -^ee ^t and beo.ne k.ss famihar; ' the dvef: aV^mhf f7 ^'^T" 'J^^'""^'' Brown, a former clerk in the In i Vn d^nlt^t "-"^tt^H ^^'^'"^ ^^^''^^^ w;ho had a squaw for his w"e a t2^^ Z^'^ ^^-^ ^o.. *o deman i the reason of the4 inno • i+ one .'• "''^^^^^ '" procession seisin;, tV.=:ir lands Mr Wrf ■ "t was ?, '* T' ',"' ''''^'' ^°"^' ^"'^ P"^" -ithor.yf^r everything. Tl o; cxp c ' ed t°he '' T"'''''^ ^ving his er««t fa/'er King George over the w ,.,?., ^"' a^^or, - .,,ent that the.r ^ of March, a land between ips, unsurpassed , deep, alluvial 7So feet above able passes into the cultivators narrow valleys il paradise. It liite pine, white and curly,) in harp lumberer the e)/e and , in the verv imp was worth i of the refuse c took in the in. Obstacles of the Kents id Norwegian, so much van- with difficul- ^nrzed. Valor he Gatineau's ith undaunted veryone took :ontinued the lan and beast, ins from their !i, looked on ", as Conro\' making full vs, receiving fts blind the neo Donaios ct the evapv)ra- rhis pleasant began to .see omc thinned iking George >n Bay Co., n procession :Jds and pos- y giving his Jnt that their t c«»sulting IS and chase n-i falls^ for ell as his— al! HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VA1.LEV. 167 reasonable. He stated that he had documents showing his right to t'h57n^n?n^"'^ TN "'"/^"^.^r ^^0 Johnston would pay him out of Hp^Ch fn ^^t^ ^?'''f^ ^'! ^""'•■"Sr an^' fishing would iniure them. He showed them hi.s tools and convinced them that they w.re not for ohU%?7£.T' ^""^ '^'ti ^t ^°"'^ ^''°t^ ' their wild .nimals. They objected to his guns He shov-ed them that hawks, squirrels, bears and .rl^H- "f ^^ "l'"^^' '° ^V^ ^°^1^ ^"^ Aorvi^s^ixc animals. Maintaining H.% ^X^VrX ^1k "5"^ '°^' ^"'^^" ^"^ ^^^"""g them of a market at cn^lrinS • fil"^"°"'"*^'^^t'°"t° ^'^^ant Montreal; for the sugar and venison fish, etc., with the advantage of his mills for their provisions. The Indian as well as the Grit saw the advantage of the ^^fJS ""tJ ^* "^''^""^ competition, so to savelaborand rations they hnm^ i,o ^^ -^vf ^ -'pphed once more with the Jamaica and went home happy They .rougl him a lot of sugar and other things and took twenty do lars. offering him all their lands for thirty dollars, which .n.r Tf-K ^/ey >ld.^'>at the lands were as merchantable as the sugar, but he denied their rights to lands as wandering tribes. After gomg to Montreal anr' consulting Sir John Johnston and others, he brougnt back the reply, that the yearly ,, resents were the pay for their lands and they must not disturb the colony. They then made him a chief that with the other chiefs all disputes could be settled 1 he savages preferred arbitration to hostilities. Mr. Wright was put through the form of coronation ' .y these barbarians. All kissed one ^1° K ^1,°" the cheek, with a great number of other ceremonies, after which they dined together; and Mr. Wright records it. that for twenty years they had regarded just e and equity beyond any people of his acquaintance. We accept this testimony of Mr. Wright as correct Could such be said of the politicians of Quebec and the Dominion for as long a period, our people had not been submerged in a deluge of un- parallelled corruption, so disastrous to our prosperity. Unblushing falsehoods would not as thick vppour fill our atmosphere, and the land would be to day $200,000,000 less in debt. The writer of the Atlas with his usual recklessness says : "The Indians feasted Mr. Wright and party for a week on all the delicacies of an aboriginal cuisine frSm roa.st dog and muskrat to bioiled rattlesnake and skunk." This author must have been an expert m natural history, or the tribes like St Patrick, must have exhausted the stock, or imported them for that state occasion, as beforeTha? Y^^ "°' common in the province of Quebec since or r\..yi'' M "f'"' fT '^ ''"'^ ?3 ^ "^^y ^°'* '"^^ to go up and down the river to Montreal for provisions, describes the Rapids and the toil of towing up the sides ofthe.se among the rocks, as no easy task for men \Z f^ K u^.'^^'r^^^^ ^" chopping, raising vegetables and roots, and Iq!L L bushels of potatoes by rot in too deep covering in winter! In 1800 he sowed 70 acres of fall wheat and prepared 30 for spring wheat and peas He took his hired men home to Woburn, but thev Teturned that winter and took up good land in Hull from choice, and he sowed his spring wheat in March. This was very early for this lattitude. One year only in the 70 or 80 succeeding years could that have been done. We remember in the fall of i8^? the firsfsnnu^ f*.ii «n fj,- .of ^er\ ber and about the 22nd of march in the year following', cows "were i I' iis HISTORY OF the: OTf AWA VALL^Y*. picking up something (n tKe fields but tKere tas no seeding for a montfi later. Ploughing has once since tba't been done in March^nd on J Sn:d''fcx^"rushds T P^''?'^^^-- '^-n go'HR in I^celnber. °H^ fK^.fk !f 3.Ppo bushels of wheat off loo acres, and one measured acr^ threshed a yield of 40 bushels. He encouraged settlement bvsellm^ lands. He began to build m.Hs. a. there wtre no e nearer than sS m.Ies. He also spent about ;^«CX) on the survey of he townshtcon° tainmg nearly 82 500 a-res. Saw mill and other buildings cosThhn^ , ^6 and a hemp mill iTjcx) more, and lost by fire the same year ft ^ Some of h.s hemp grew 14 feet high, sold a 100 busheirof ifem ,le?fn Montreal at a fa.r pnce. but had to send the hemp to' Hali?a7io get it His first black.smith shop was built in 1864. Next vear frnm Massachu.setts. he brought in some valuable stock and spent^asniS takmg h.s flour to Montreal on ox sleighs a4 the flour hmah^ uf u built distilleries and breweries, but ha^^^g no expor marked' a^d h^d now exhausted his wealth, he lent seed grain, and exchaTged [ IV>r tork"^ but h.s home market was insufficient. The south of fhrOttaWa rK^ oppos.te h.m was an unknown forest for at lea.st 30 miles' No raft h.d been taken down to Quebec, and as he eyplored talked a .-/h^K'Ku- tants, who declared it impos;ible ever to do thril c ^He n enar^r^^ timber and spending 36, days on what he could have ru^i'^cK^ fn ,fi hours, when they umlerstood how to nm in bands clear of he rocks bJt got to market made sale, and returned to spend the proceeds in r. Juild.ng what had been burned down. % 006 buslicis of u-l?. of lu-^' $2^. to raise and on account of war prfc^ie fa 'offeV d S^oSlor'T He continued to hunber in winter and float to Q .ebec ar.o S?, thl' farms operated by placing some in one deuartn.eut and son e i,i anotho. White pine and oak w6re of the finest auHJitir « nil '",*"°\'^'^i be withed up by the ends to keep iJ'U : h ighS rn:?Ss b^^^^ of Its specific gravity, or loaded on white pine c iS ^^ y mtv ^^^^^^^ of drowning were reported at first from the unimproveTsta^e ofX trained on the river, and it took time and practice to aft «nffi!.; . quaintance with the dangerous parts to steer clear of ^h?^ V^^'^."' ^^• overcome by patience a^nd P^rle.^^^^""' G^'^^'^^\'^^ high rewards and pilots became plentiful - "■" ^"' A^ the rivers becanie improved and better known, tlie In^g ^mUf,^n me became year V much essenf»H li^ iKos ^^. n ' "'^ "'**"' numan much sawed'lumber^readi o\^^^^^ fheT.? ^""-'^ "'^'^ yet. and the loss was a sad bio v not onlv to >h. "°'".'"'^"^ threatened the rujn of the settluncnt a« s^ much fln.S ^'j"'"'"'- ^"'r every, Hind was consumed and so I ttle sa\ edTal fZ;,!^^ ^''^'!? °^ star, them in tl^e face. So many set tli?s defended on Mr '' ^'^f ^^ e^nployment to eai-n provision foV their famnS, and " ed ,r^!^^^ ^°I plant on their lands; but , it threw them back more upon thc^rown^r. ^purees, to preserve seed corn and seed of every khid tL ^.mber, pf coupe being afloat co^Id not be n^Xed by the L '^"''■' hastened to market and w nH the proceeds he snn^ /k^! "'^^.'^l- ^^^^ c™... ,„.. ,..-„gn. «ra^ ,rrepreto,ble. his energy and determination WisVbKt m t»E OTTAWA FALLEYi ,69 wES'c the labors ftf sb mahy hatids ^^e\\ directed, the place soon an- peared supenoi- and more prosperous than hi.forA wltu I ^ bryo of the c.ty of Hull, but many years Hapsed ere it took nn ,h^ ffiT;reaU.ifur3i.S '^^^l^ ^'- Wrrg\tr,on3'tfterrS! S^l^iAT*? 1 °" *^^ Gatmeau, on both sides of the river Some of the grandsons octupy lonely spots up the river as far as North field, opposite Mr. Hastie, whose farm and buildings like theirs a r^ very excellent Well cultivated and productive. Mr ^ilemon Wright fn f^n '.°".^v,'^!'""'u'^ ^T' ^" ^ P''^"y ^'e^^t^d spot; with the Otllm in front on the 5«outh, and an outlet ofthe river that nin^foVVrr^.- Z'll^Tr 1? '''' "^'' --^^^ ^^" westward rom the SltTnlaupc^^nT'to the head of the t.ii-npike. afterwards Aylmer ^^uneau pomt to 4.^f- T < ^ u^ ^?r^ , ''"^^* *^°"^ •" the township, and wasoccuoied in rllt'J^^'' T^K^?"'- I'i?^^ Scott, the granddaughte; of thrpioneer ttS father. Mr. T.benus Wright had six sons, AlonL, "king of the Gatineau" was one. The.r mother wai a Miss Ricard, sister of Mrs ChfriL fsSa I dv^''¥;oni'?h"- ^^"" ^^'J"'' ^^'^^ ^-'ghter, a v^ry'^hig ^ h/Tii^ ^' , w f" "" Gatineau Pb nt you had as hotels fcriarrfc W,llMsons and Mooseaus stretching »e,.tward. Mr PhSemon Wrthf' according to accouHts, drew from Governnient 1 1 ooo acrcTSln i^w ' .\"a1 t^'ld" h^^'^r.d' sSt11^Slf^htseXl''r ''''''■ -^^^^ Loyalist was .sp^J^^Jl:!^^^^ 'aTdYarS dS S/c'fki^ k P^*^M^5^ertt houses, and led mobs to pelt with eges and httle and thfer^ ivas nbt much limit set to draughts of land pLhK rrMhgrorM, WM'S;.'^\',rsom'rb s^^ shanty: then ^et his titfe, iHd sell to Mr. Wright for a small „tmT iH"Atffet;^r?e'^fH;:^l.'i^-«^^^c5r!' "^^^^^^^^^^ , . i I/O HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. itood the tollptc .-xftcr the rovl \v,h m^ca Umizcl. an I as the ministcr-j pRssed free the keeper w »s vcrv p'lhto to thon A brother of o ic of thesp used to drive his yoimjr U | y frion Is in a doiible ri-^' vctv frequently and as he resembled the mim^rerthcold ^jontleman would politciv touch his hat to let him pas- , </:ii:!i ;.i' somotiiM-M did, alwayH piyin^ on his return, which so inr)|m?ssa(! in.- tollkocpcr. that he not only entertained Ine highest opinion of his honesty, but became a medium to impress it on many others. The next house on the right Kfoing west was the old Bjnc.lict building, a frame siructur.;, built very early, but vet standing weather- beaten and warped by win«l storms. Hvre Mrs'. Robert Stewart was brought up. On the same side further o.i Mrssrs Divid and Job Moore resided. The most magnificent <lwelling house and ground.s, beautified with evergreen trees, etc.. the work of the late D ivid Moore, the richest of the lumberers on the Ottawa, that now remain outside the city, will rot only delight the eye of the passer by. but stand a monument of the wealth, taste!, skill ami enterprise of the youn.,'er David Moore. The thinking man may ask in passing, why extiend so much on a single object that at the hammer would not bring one fourtii of the outlay ? buch a building requires more wealth to keep it up than falls to the lot of one member of a lamily. It may gratify the taste or the pride of humanity, hiit it is not qommendable. Most men condemn it as their own foll> at last. The middle aged Torv blundering of the E irl of Bute, Premier of George III. had lost the thirteen colonies to the Empire in sfjite of the remonstrances of the best friends of England, the Chathams, Burkes, bherridans. Broughams and such like men, who told them they could not conquer America, but their coiciliatory co incils were cast to the winds by the brute majority, led secretly by proud churchmen ; as the brute majority 50 led in our days, has ruined the country, plunged us overwhelmingly in debt for great works, which arc given away to irre spon.sible corporations, who woidd, if suffered, soon remove the last vestiges of our liberties. It was considered the best disposition that could be made of wild lands, worthless without settlers, but rich in forest treasures, to make grants of it to hardy colonists, whose grandsons and great grandsons have suffered themselves to be led by designing politi- cal cunning foxes, with all kinds of false issues to delude thf.MU, and themselves millionaires, bring us to the verge of ruin. The most wretched land policy has been pursued-— our wild lands given to corpor- ations or ranchers, large portions taken back at four times their value and left unoccupied, our country put in debt for the cash borrowed and given away ; that is, divided among our borrowers. It was not so in the early days. The lands were freely given to actual .settlers or such men as encouraged such and did much to improve the country. Mr. Wright being a member of the house had deservedly much influence with the Government, and materially helped the settlers. Very many got their lands and patents from the Crown through his hands There was an itn- mense amount of treasure in the living forest which if only sold as the land was cleared must have reali-ied great sums. This led to .spending freely, no thought of hard times coming. Now the people tell plainly i.it=«. tiii-^r TTuic uciici ujs qij years ago tnan to-aay witn an tneit ciciU'- llrSTORV OK THE OTTAWA VALLEY. N.ni,,, helped .he Wed ei':,' "hrc^urn'^l' "rf" ^^^ ""'^^^ '■< c 'iiragcd pauperism. expense of the tolling m.ny, and jy-iiic VWi^^uffl^Jff ^!,:'^;;-^^ Ailens'. Edw.H Wri.ht. Mr. Utchforcl. a genuine Iri«l/man finrii "'7' ^"'?'^'-'» the WeUhrnan ' t.ons for many years with ereat iinifLfl "J*" ^'"""^hM of its oper- VVr.uht. Mr. James ^ I^^^lnU \u^^^^ 'MmiHke The famous pr ^l^c of PhibTf' v^'?. °'? *^*= ""^h .kiS: <"u.s.n. Fri.s .,crn,ons publisherTaf cr i^ dSi*' ^\Wad»worth. was a ; ornpo.SK,on, o the a^c, rich in Kospc rufhM A .!""*> *^ "'^'^ ^^^^^^^'e l"Bhr-r type. Suffice It to sav of tTil r ' ^"" ^'^ '""strations of the "•acliPK world (;f America uL?t» '^'Hcourscs that they were to the Mritish Isles- richly "Xucrive an f .'^^'"r*' ^^ ^' ^^"^^^-''^ were o the one daughter bv hs fi t ^Tfe I^r/o*'^ Wad.sworth had m.nnery. She Ld been sent to U i, cTv " n^''^^' ''^ '^'^^^^ '"''om the word, and between them she made W^r .i ^' ^'^ contrived to get him n.cd.ately They are both dead tmefw^*" ?"*^ ^^ "narrieJ 1,er i^ ^ charitable use of their wealth m' 5^*.' *"'^ «''<^ '*'<J to have made Thomas McKord. a^on^rM^j^J^^e ^^kZT) T^f -^^--ard'sX' was very talented and full of Lmor Ki?''^ ""^ ^^^'^'- '^« Judge snow storm at the post office ca Nnl; ™^!!'"K."'* o"* d«y in a violent 'olor of our noses, .said °ha^ hi, 11,5 ^ attention t. the contra.st in thi ri;Us fizzle.! off it like raimlops offa'hof "'*'"^^ ^'^^^V tbit S^ "'I thawed off by the naiura hel; He'D ^'^'''^ihey stuck to mSj |.aso of some importance and wished mrtn f *'"*''' * "dg.nent on a »t m the />/wj and sent a vn ..nn! rZ-L^ ^'^ ^"te an editorial notice .5 wh.ch he based his "ecirn^'r/ h bookVa"'t *'^ '''■'''' '"-^'"- '"'■ 't. The notice was sati factory but the^^ l"" '''"V^'" ""^'' ^'^ ^^cnt "Iff somctmie after, we rernaikVcI Hi'.; u ^°°*' ^^'^ forgotten- Meet- •hat he ha<l lo.t the ri^ To^l ^'^^ ."j'^'^ ^^ would' not consider I^'^IT; when he said abrimtlv ''ni.l ^""^ ^^^^^usc he had left it so '^'n.y office that whoever ad th. firs l7" «^%the notice in the window >|<l<c the second, as it was u ^^^^^^^^ should come and •lut we had noi .seen it in time ^'^ exp.csscd great .sorrow l^ddX^Thlmar^^^^^^^^ an electi.. was '- o-.p of the canclidate. "wL;";V['r,'*f,^.f -d were both .seru" JT^' pen. <! .f our history an election wLfn'^K'*'."^^ *^'''"''' ^nd as in that wKlMndeeentha.ste^ut;;: '^L^e'rdavs'^h^l '*^'°11^^ '" °"«= X j" entrrta.nmcnt to the two vo -n/blvt^' * ^^ u^' ^^''"eht of giving decanters of brandy thev set ofi- tli i ' ' '" '"^^ ^*^'<'^ts of fowl and oundafinetcntinWt'hirkcelrtwX^'^^AT'T^^ "^^^ing a^ h.r.st assuaged witn the brandy, of w^f'h^^^ ^,!^"''" t.*^? ''^Past a«d the^r fondnes.s, they found thev *ere prisoners w .K ^^'T'""* '^^'^ » «l<^J'cate wc'H armed. Thinking discrctiorrtho f/^ '"r'^'^*'^ *• £"»rd thea w.;h a ^ood grace, kifowing we^ ih^ l^ T t'"'^'''' the'y subm^^ w.thout them, though not the o c ey ^n. u^^V *?'^ ^e elected rcpurt soon cam« 'J— 1, - - ' ' "- ••"«=r cam< Uj aid and «./-i.r- t« - - - -rn, ....n .„« u.uc must be so«,e notK:e of lUn Se m<;;j i iii M}- em I ifa MISTOKY or THE •TTAWA VALLEY. If modest strie 'in The Ttmts, and as they had been campHmentinff each •thcr in the court in a tough case some time before, and the judge, W. K. McKord, Esq., was the father of the one, and greatly admired the talents of the other, he let them have it out, so they were a little distant for a few weeks, but Thr Times declared that Pilate and Herod were n»«de friends. When they got free and came down they saluted each other as Pilate and Herod till the novelty wore off. Mr. Thos. McKord supplied his readers with a finely written digest of the laws of Quebec He died a young man. Miss McKord, daughter of the Judge, whose mother was an Arnoldi, married Judge Powlett To return to our local "^u" D^ ■ '7^^ ^^^^^ Conroy farm lay south of Sheriff Coutlies down to the Rapids where their large sawmill.s and lumber yards stand Mrs Conroy, who was the daughter of William McConnell, managed this great farm with marked ability for many years, securing from it larec profits. Mr. Robert Conroy was from Maharafclt, Ireland. He said that was "his calf ground." He was very extensively and successfulK employed in lumber, merchandise, hotel-keeping, and other pubik spirited undertakings, went often to Quebec and made much wealth They lived in a fine house in the village, where they built several houses had a magnificent garden and fine grounds, ai. i .vere both long lived. North of this were the Hurdmans' farms and d\, ellings. They lum- bered extensively and with much success. V/illiam married Miss Smith a daughter of Col. Smitli of Gloucester, and owns the fine set of saw mill buildings on the rocks between Eddy's and the "Kettle," as the gre it falls was formerly called. Some of the younger brothers married daughters of Mr. Thomas Eraser of Fitzroy. A sister of the Hurdmans' married Mr. Robert Eraser of Cumberland, a womanof fine qualities and an excellent wife and mother. Robert Eraser is a man of genius and undoubted talents; though not among the wealthy, yet far superior to niany in the truthfulness and honesty which are such rare graces among the rich and great. North of the Hurdmans were the Ayh\ in familv' whose brother was the able politician and'judge whom ve often saw at Aylmer at court before the appointment of Judge Mc Kord. East of his 1 arm were Mr. Radmir, and Routleys, Eitsimmons, Curries, Moffets Pinks, Haworths and McHarveys, covering a large space to the moun- Uin side. Coming east of these you pass the farms of Duncans, Bene diets Hon. R. W. Scott, till you reach the large Brigham stone house and farm The old English gentleman, Mr. Earmer, lived close by here a considerable time in the early history of the place, famous for the cattle and horses he imported from England and introduced here and the stone-wall fences he built, improvements which even then cost too much to pay in the line of agriculture. Returning up the Avlmcr Road westward to Mr. Eoran's large stone house, Olmsteads and Renaldo McConnell on the river front, an honorable man, whose wife was a daughter of Rev. Mcech, sometime the minister of the old Presby- terian Church, the first of the family in the Ottawa County. Mr. Mc- Connell went to the Mattawa and was drowned ; his widow still survives, and his son is an excellent business man, dwelling in a lovely spot on the river 1 ank, looking on the elevated range of the Laurentians acroM the river. The house is in a red pinr grove, an.' Mrs McConnell is a fine sample of a good looking-lady, wife and hou.sckeeper. HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLET. Richard McConndl built like m house with V beaSr fn"/' ' '"''' 5'' '"''ishhor (John Foran) a fine ,ton« out a whoI*» r:tft r^f . 'luiiicr in-iaw Mr. Meach, sometimes took average o? thirty d^ollar' •' ' ro?h.f;'^ '''''' .^^'"'^ >-^^" ^°'^ ^^ ^'' make largely thrn S . ' •. ^ H"'*"^ ** '"^ ^^ *cn, one year Mr R &nn,7d^ B Z'^?^- J" ^ge La Fontaine liled west of and Wrieht one o ur- "' '^'^ ^"'"'*^'' Chamberlain, Heath. Egan deceased!^ j(bo.e the c : '^le "exr I,^ '^'^ "^pT' Pj^y--^"- '^tely Sd\? mol-ttbiL'^^ ^' f -i-b^ -ressTg^nira-- .rs: wh"h he ?ed the wafin hir^oun v^ Tn" .T^'f "^^ "'' ^^"^'^ ^^'«'"^' ^* Kenney was well read and nfZJJ ■ f^^ *'''*^''>* ^^P^^tment. Mr. and a tTrparfrJIn;) Z a .■ ^°"".^ """^ °" "lO'^t religious subjects land on which most of th^^'|lageTAvlm;? Symwcs owned the mTs P Avl J T '""^ ^ '^'^^ '^"'"''y- "The second Miss Symmcs was S dHULSer' was°M '° r "'" ^"T^ ^^'^" '" ^-^"^"^ professions The ttl'pTofrf^thTGov^^n^^^^^^^^^^^ ^-^1-- in Som?!^? V \"'.f ""■*' ^'" ^''*^^''' * v«»T distinguished lawyer in HiiH vev of /h^r '■°?"'^''^^'''' "S'""'-« ^"<i ^"e iongyer^in ?he sur-' vcy of the Canadian Pacific Railway One of Mr rvTarU. c sons resic'cs in Offa«,o o„^ u\}' ^- *-"*"«* Symmes' .Hd^/ Ti V: *"<^ holds a government appointment at the • Brtkh ;?'''^\"^hers reside in Aylmer"* Edmond spent som^vears in w Ids ofS"."esr "ri "'"'■"^^ *"k^^^ °^^ ^°-^ ^ preference to the nl^;,!.<? f *'• Thomas IS on the north of the viUaee lar^elv em Son's" " r k"'"^ '^"^ ^^"^"'>''"S *^^ ^'^y ^i^h fruit of varfou- 5^: S^^vkgJ^^r -- -^-- - --ead ^ the .g n.arn.d, ..d . number of chnd;e;;-;;d ^1^^:^'';: .1^'^^ ^I^JX^ t| !iii; >t%»TlJ 174 Hi. ^i- THL v^iTAWA VALLEY. during his luTnberh.onS^n.rr^ ^-^ '^'"^ "'' ^'^^ Shiners from that "a^t^f he K^^^^^^ Onpnally a sa.lor, uc do not know ., ,»S£3;,™ ■»' !\"„"*-:;,S,;S ?."•""•,■ !»™ - surveying the ruins thr-v have mad^? ThlflV- ^^^P^*" ^^PP^ ''^ ity of a country or a p'eople heToed bv th. 1°"'''-^'^'"S' P^^,"^''! Prosper- done your duty in aidTncr them to th^^ pnsciousness that j-ou have sidere^thehJ^errevTa^d'hyrLU^;^^^^^^^^^ !°, ^^^ -- themselves, who embark in thLrdevelonS^f; ^^^^^^ ^''" ^r^ P^^P''^ measurably above that of the low ^hT' ^^^^P'^^^" elevation im^ stand m the way of their ambitious designs ^ ^°'^' '^ ^^'^ revenge m the minds of the most peacably disposed Th. AK^'^r^^'' - ^ .-,..„^« «_ __pj.j_gjQ,^ ..^^^ among tiie angeW) than HlST.l.v O, i HE OTTAWA VALl^T. ^^^7!ut^:::^i^^^J^^ Attend a party at on. of their in the place, and at thetlm. f^^ ^"^ >'°"'^^'^- The lady would be guest, and order the aUent rs'n^ce's'a'r T.' "^^"^>' ^^'^ '^^-^ -e?^ ed as ,o be del,j:.hted to meet in sf-.h^' ^^^ ^"^'*^ ^°"'<' be so selec eaders m the conversationTere " n ^ ^ congenial atmosphere. The iHR subjects, free from controversil! in.''''".""^ ^'■"''^hted with interest humor, healthy instruction and'^orovem.^"^ tendency. That harmony, S • ^''^" ^* the table shrwould TonT. * ^^'^'^^ "^<"''^1 inevitable talkative and silver-tongucc bv?he V^ 7^ *° ^'^^^ '"^ '*^'y modestly v/ou d niate a voluble |cat:;man with t ^ *^"'^"''" ^^"tleman. She ffreat a flow of words t. .^,"1^" "^'^^ » s^^eet amiable lady of not too restraint, but a Aou of so^ V^entleTnT'"""?-' '''''' ''''''' no"^ ?ieling of rent without a catarac in ?ts whnt ^'"'^' ^' ^ ''''''' "''th a free^cur ana we remember a di plal not I'll"''"; ^^?"" ^'^ ''^^'^Jcd in Indf- shaky with the ''chins'- f^v^r and ^^ ^ ^ *'? ^^''"^- We were verl^ Presbytery, our steps wer^e tnt. • ""f' T"^ ^"'"ff ^o a meeting of S short time before orX-ned to thi'"^ ^'"^y' "^"^ ^ ^"""5? man kst a our satchel and carrk:d t of fa^Jr"!'""' u^' ^"^' ^"'^ '""^h'ng "P se zed seated most of the n'.VLll SmeV^^^^^^^ When we suppose by the evidence ITcl ?v th^""^ ^^'"'' '^e health, frightened the best house in the little place as thrZ. our doctors were sent to kmdness to the best estahltjw I ■ ^"^^o^ is to show the ereate^ their su,.,,,^,^;^^^-^b^^^^^^^^ ministers, which 'no^dS weight in the church, (300 lbs avoird^ K /"u '^^'^t^''" ^^^ ^ ^an of great Pirator. The other doctor was thin d I i . ^ ^^' ^ ^'^^' audible^ rel could not sleep beside such a min ' rt^^^' sensitive and nervous, who night he was poorly and as thrt- ^^^ "^^t day after so sleenle^ a absence which was'^k'X g ve„ y'^ J^ ^tf ^°^" ^^^ asked W of leave for the same just .ea^on "' ''""'^^^ ^"-^^"^ ^'^o got early told u^i^s^'l^^l^reT: ^hThte'cltl.^^^^^' ^°?^ ^^ *^« ^^tion. he frightened sleeping with an old^? cordially sympathized. He hi.d be«? his father's, ft wi'moonlight anS''^d"'\r ""'^'^ entertained'lt scattered over the pillow in ?£e sUv4 iLht ^'f^^^"'' ^'^^^ '^eing loa-x "the like longitudes, the bov fled in tefr^; fot^" «"Oi^,corTespondcd could never get over his horror iTfl. ■ ^° ^'^ mother's room ^nd It may be my weakness hl.^ .,^ i. • .'"nffs. Nosv, «iiid th« Dr >ery .0 hold L next S:Wi"/° HoTc'r;*^ '" '"'"-• "'^ 'h« Pres^y': breathers ? Oh ! „<• can mle» th^ ^J ■?"!; "?"«' ''"f *'=■'='= arone "e got a room in the best 1,om.. ,f *", ^°' "« indomitable motS be mated h™ with a fin? oidTder wholill'' *" S'"' Dr.. «d ("^^^ his ear trumpet Dr M ' always was at meetings «r^ ^^ . -....,.„„ „,,. ^ ^„^_^^ ,j^ _^^^^^ which ■lJ.ed7or"s^ M- t76 mSTOTlY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. Mr. Johi. Gordon, a very original character, was a shoemaker. His wife wa;* a daughter of the Presbyterian minister, Mr. Mcach, a very peaceable and amiable women. Their large family were all gently dis- posed as they grew up and betook themiselves to vi-rious employments. The daughters married well, one became the wife of a Presbyterian clergymen. Mr. Gordon, being brought up a Presbyterian thought the Presbyterians of Hull too frigid for his own somewhat fiery temperament to be congenial companions in ecclesiastical fellowship, and Methodism, being then, as it were, grown up from an infancy a quarter of a century before, he threw himself into ii with the rapt enthusiasm of a S.-:;vanarola or a Luther, embracing with it the temperance cause, then in its swad- dling bands. He labored as a layman and artizan indefatiguably in both these fields the greater part of a long life. He was sometimes carried away by appearances, as some good people are, and when they are un- deceived are ver}' sorry they cannot repair the injuries they have done the sincere but unostentatious. Shallow people cannot detect sincerity but they hail the easily assumed appearance if there is money in the background. John was not shallow nor cowardly He filled the office of constable of the superior courts and overtook many a swift-footed fugitive from justice. With both hands so full of business he could not always please his brethren in everything and was at times subjected to church trials or discipline, but it generally happened that if one court punished, the higher to which he appealed reversed it. We have this on the authority of his talented son, who distinguished himself in McGill College, and continues to do so in his practice at the Bar. The following, however, we have from a superior source of infor- mation, which we are at liberty to disclose if it is contradicted or called in question. His brethren ecclesiastically pressed a point and would have him brought to trial; he modestly declined their jurisdiction, but said he would not be unwilling to be tried by outsiders. So it was de cided to elect a court to consist of a sheriff and two lawyers. The sheriff was a Roman Catholic, one lawyer was a kind of Universalist pro- fessedly, the other professed nothing excc,)t perhaps French infidelity, The first gentleman, on hearing the accusations and the defence, said he thought the «in was pardonable, and his church, the Catholic, had a broad breast, and if he would cast himself into the bosom of that church and confess his faults they would absolve him, confirm to him all the profound affection of that church in all its length, breadth and depth ; The second referee or judge in the case said he concurred in the opinion of the first and believing in the salvation of all men, even the worst, he concluded that if tne subject was penrLent, he was not beyond the reach of forgiveness. The third said that he once sympathized with French infidels of a particular school, but he had been converted from that to Calvinism, and he now believed in eternal punishment. John Calvin had barned servetus (which he wa.s not then bound to provsj and he thought some sinners merited that and should get their deser^^ing. The case before them was such. He was a great transgrcs.sor and justly merited e- crlasting burnings. This could only be regcirtled as a demurrer or a protest as the other two agreed. Though this whole farce t»«^ seems incredible, yet to those who knew the parties, it is perfectly char Acteristic of every one of them. If he went through this mock trial ft wtmto confoond ■BTO^Y OF THB OTTAWA VALLEY. 177 irere impressed with the cleSnSs of hi. f .^^ "^"^ i" ^'^ '^^^ illness and fc true, against tbe d^trHahfcfeL^^^^^^^^^ "^ ^Poke^l to a special friend of hHn the city fsnf Lm. * T^^'X^ ^^ ^^"^ ^Y "« ? "<»"^«'e of John Cordon h^enoWtte 7ell--that there God no sdf-righteousness left, no 1^'kin/^^^^^^ S'^^^ of ^ wtSt" °'r^'f ""^>' Saviour a^d'nfedilt?'''*'^" '"* '^^^^^ ^»^« Witii some faults, and who is faultless hf-hL^ h« character. Feter H. Church, M D wi ,onf "^f ^ .^"^ Points in cxercsinggreat influence, besides the heaT^^ arf \^^^t"^ character, master. His father was all F T fZ "\7'"g art, of which he was a duced him and Dn DeCell ' his^t^dJi; A'^ ^"^'^"^- Mr. Wright in! Hull. M«. Church wi a Me, :4 a s^-Thl'.^'^ ^'^ Merrickvllll to Dr. toW us as many tales of .Jse eariv tl; ^^'^^''^"f woman- The He WM so pooriy supported at S as to dlTn *' ""u"'^ ^" ^ ^°'«"^e. concluded to move awaV, but the news ^otnT'T.u'"' '""^h' ^"^ he once to prevent the move. tL Wnlhts r . ^^^^ ^"bscribed at near where Sheriff Coutley has lone lived F.£E'", ^7' ^'^^ ''^sided Eadies, Grimes, in short the whX J^frt ' . ' u'""^'' ^^^ McConnells on every man. whether they we'el^^k orwh"?''"^^^ "" ^""^'^1 ^^t^ This Induced him to remain and n»t M« '''''' "^^^^^ ^im or not orday foralongtime. He^as^g^^^^^^^^^^ ^'^-1 "ight He used to say that many a doctof came ".nS U "^ sample of a man. lTTtt''\ '' ^•'^"^^^ -- -veoLdy%%'h"ysician"^Hf k''^ '''''^'''" ' rich m the long run and had thre*. fiL o ^ j "^ became very fess on. We c^led on him ft a "ubSo^'^f"'"^ °^" P^^ bu»lt He said he had spent his Hfe build ^L "vf ^ ^^"'"^ t^^^" being good subscription in piles of stor^^^i^^ ^ ''•^'i''^''^'' ^^'^ '^^ married Miss Hodgins and ^hey^sed a^l.'^""'?^--, ^"'"'•' ^'s ddest! dentists. Levi Ruggles at his mother' = .^^ ^^""'^y °f ^^^tors and law to his other /miSnf at ainrnlnr anS ;^f °h' '^^^^' ^ surgeons went into the practice of^awin^^ ."^^ one of the finest of Mo«t,«al. Carter & Church wasThe l.T"/'^'^" V'^ ^'- barter, of practiced successfully for years Hr.m J ^'^'i'/' '^l ^>'''^^'-' where he rc^ed Miss Bell, of London England dlZ. ^'^^^.ghly educated and l^ and niece of General BdF She ' wa^^of „'l.°^ " ^^"*'^'"-" of the tas^e and elegance. The youne talenSd b ^ """"^ "'*""^''' ''^fi'ied JUd became a cabinet ministerin tl^e Ouebor r^^ ^°"" ^"^^'•'^^' Politics filled (the law firm in Montreal was Chrnt.n'^^''^u'^"^' ^^''^'^ Post he ^nd credit for many years He was ere? 'h ^"^ Church) with ability bench as talented, ipright and impartial h/h-^"> ^^""-'^^d the leavmg two daughters and a sonTth S.ei. h! ">"^P«'-atively yo.mg their loss amid%i,e sympathy o^ the mit,>nH'r''^Ti^'^''^"^ *" '^'"^"t very whole-souled vouns? man L^ "^"'^'^"^68. Howard Church a practice in Ayln.er. X^^he tas t:l.?t7;1v:Jodf '^' '°^^'" ^« 'h'' so much dreaded in his vouth and dT--H 1/ r^^''^.'' ^ '^''^^^^^^^ be mother. Robert A. Yonnrwas . Jlntleml 7 '"f''''' ^'''' ^^^'^^^^ ^nd who contributed murh to^hc Vdv^ancemen^ n ''^^'^^"^^^t ^"d notary l-a^e, Mrs Youn, • ;,<, Mil M.l!^"^^*^"*.^^ ^'^^^L^ty ''^ the risino viK -red banker of London." Eng.a;;!^' SrS:;:!; w;;f ^[^^^^ 'c5 f<i Jsi Hi < i ^11 ,'79 HBTCyKY OF THE OTTAWA VALLET. saying that she was the nearest perfection of any woman he ever saw, sweet in temper, amiable and kind and good. Her only brother is L^annon Norman, of Quebec and Montreal, very highly esteemed as a gentleman and a divme. Mrs. Young was dving of consumption and f^rJ°"".^''"P'"'"^'^ * ^^°°*^ ^^^^1- a"d both were buried together in L t?y ""• 1^'" 5^'"'^te'y of Montreal. It was a great bereavement to a large family of very young children whom they left very rich. Laptain James Blackburn came into Hull about 1832. He was the «rMl?.i;^¥^^K^u* stectm boat, betw.^en Aylmer and the Chats, calling at March Torbolton and Quyon, and some other places on the route «w7°^k T ^ a passenger almost anywhere, sending a boat to the for/ 0.7 S ?7 ^°P°"''"' *^^ Emerald, and- one- or two others, be Walter FinHfJ/'/r^''%P^'^l °" ^^^* ^"^ '^^^^ °f ^^^er. Captain Walter Fmdlay and Capt. Leech were some time in the service. Capt. n.nTo!i5T-f *J°"^u""^'" *^^ ''"^P'oy of the Union Forwarding Com- m1n^\ r ^^ °*^^'''' ^'^ predecessors, was very popular. Mrs. Cum- Allm^r Q^ ^.'"S^*°".' esteemed a great beauty when she came to rhlTrZ f survives by many years her husband, and with her cniidren , sonoe of whom are married here, Mrs. Thompson. Mrs. Henrv another IS m Montreal. We remember a beautiful boy diid in AyE.' clJu T'^'Z^ think survives. Mrs. Capt. Findlav was a Miss Mc- StlSville rfr^'p? fu "^7 rP"'^'" "^^rchant of Bell's Corners and ?S.7h r Capt. Blackburn had a turn for politics and was elected in ohlZ ^n ''-^ *^'.?-'' ^^"''^ ^"^ '^^ ^°""*''y ^'th a Mr. Bowman. Jas. Lakers on fhT,^ O'Conner and Peter Aylen. sr.. were the principal rantvh W t h "f"?,: """^ u^^^ '* ^^''^ ^ot for the other side.' PolitKs snm^ Ihi J. ^"i: ^^' ^^u°"^ ^^^^ ^""^ ■ L- Papineau, the patriot, with uowert/Ln'vf^'i '"tk" ^^^^.mation of others was in th. Teoith of his mvTnl fh.l U^^^'^V ^^' ^\P*.^'" ^^^ ^ S^"'^' «0"1 fo"d of games. mvs^frl. H. of respectability, initiating old and young into their was S hfrfh I "^^ • "^7^ P^P"'^*" ^" *^^ ^'^'^^ ^"^ o" the land. GIa^-c.,u t^inandMP^lf^ '" ^'y,,^^. ';99- After being merchant, river cap- h.f l.t .«^^ "^^^^ '° ^1''"°" *"^ ^'^^ ^^ ^'^ol^ra in Bairdstoun, if he iS q T^^'' r"^ '"f ^r^^ **^^''^- ^^''- Blackburn was a .siste ot lit li, . f -^^'".'.1 ^-^"'Pbel , firm of J.' an<! W. Campbell, of Gla-., not ronTio''^''i'^'^ '^?'''" •' ^'^"^ ^-^ '^"^^ '^^'ly- 5he died in 011.... not long ago, after residing some years with her daughter. Mrs Choi • ;ell, whose polite husband was Henry Che,;meI!.^son of an Fn^s' d owned '3T"- t'^'^''"'' ^'"'^ ''^' ^ M-- Hamilton He'u.s drouricd, and she went to tiir western states and married there Oi , ucqua.ntanrew.ththem ua. of the pleasantest kind for y'arT O daughter w.s a Mrs Atnll. whos. little daughter Bessie w^t to t imtS/c'i?d ' w''7 ^/ the Misses f;en wick in Aylmer. a dTr gen name h? tnni . ".' "'^1''^" " ^'' Campbell Bannennan. which lattn the narnVn^nn^ ^'"^^ \f^^^ ^'"'""^^ *° ^™ ^y his mother's familv ,n said toT. H? TT, "'J' '" '"'"''''^'' ^^ ^' ^Gladstone's c.hinet/and fo^^^ears VV '" i1 '' '"f P«' "^""taking war minister Knglan<l has had !"_J^^ l''^"^ .'"^^' ilH- glory of the gran.: ..Id m^er land, to uh'/h w. «siK jj^Giwuiiu pcHcc ior long ages to ( or le. HISTOav OF THE OTTAWA VALLIT. cha„ro/t'!me^rra:5S.r5,r?„°f ',^^ '-*"« -"b-.n and- „«. 1 ect and very g^ntlemanlv H ,.;.? ^ u "^ ^'^'^ °^ CommancW as- family hve in the cky. OntdJjhJ.^M ''nu° f "'^ ^^^ ^°"*^- The voiingyet. The sons are wJlfh^'^''- ^^'''^^' ^^ a widow very rcfir.cd and highly respeSedU'n ^"^ ^'^/^'T'' '^^^ ^^'^ ^'^ ve? men. Messrs Prent'ss two M-^r ^^ Besides the stores of the lumbef- M.P. for Ottawa County werelj succes.T i -^fiT""' ^^'^'' °^*^^ "^'^e in e^eneral. Holts Boul tons Cnnr^ ^'f"' /" *^*="" *"^e *« storekeepen ample hotel accomii^odaS Mr^^'' ^ "''^' "i'^ ^""'^ ^'^^'^ ^^^nished governed the ja.l foT years "uccSsfu^v''^' ^T^ ^^'^^ ^™ ^^^ ii^^d^nc, of Dr. Eenwick of Montreal Mr T^^^^^^ M Tr ^J'^'" ^^"^ick, a brother K. McKord, Mr Peter Alunc\,^" ^^fo'-d' son of Mr. Justice W. and Mr. Fleming dd fhfrJ^adtta'^thTt '"^'1^'^ "'^^ ^^^- ^^^isle often with eloquence w t and humi k ''^i ^'*^ S"*^^* efficiency and could .et the truth out ^LuHariy^rt-me'. R^^l"'!- '^°'"='^ ^'^^^^^ 'ng between two hunters and hi^/d^ .1 ^"^ ^V^ ^ ^*»<^ o<"deer shoot- it a >.^. «^/^r^./' yes ; a wild beast ves' ^M^'tk"^^ °" '^^ ^**"^ ^^^ Her of years left and settled on Wx'Sreet^n' S^t°"'P'°",Sr^'"/. ""'"■ for years furnished the bushm^n /n^^v Ottawa. Mr. Lindsay and form and abundant irnumberR^""^''^^^*^^^ '" ^"^ temper Y '-'' of the business princreb^ds Sir to"h7- ^'"^r^' *^°"^h young chants in the city if spared °"^ °^ °"'' P^ncely mer- the./:rofl^a'rvii&fS -- long a"d horse to the ent've sTtTsLt,^^^ attending to the wants of man Marion, blacksmith of FrS^^^^^^^ ^^^ community. Mr. M. anvil at the corner of AvT"erfndn'^\P^''^"*^^'^' "^^^^ ^"^ "se of his the first Goven^orCeneral to Avlm?r'?h/T Tc^'' ^^"^ °" ^^ ^'^'^ of of the twenty-one guns We heaXl S ""^ ^'''T '? ^'^'^ '""y'^' «^>"te Edmonton, N. W T Mr Wh- V'' ""'^ ^^^^ *"^ ^^"r^V at son becam^ a Ag^in Monleal be^n^^^^ Capt. Dey left, his cross the river, and we thought L "^^ ""^.'^ ^^^^ "P ^"0"^' to Snow, but we have been corfec, eel on'thitT^i^'^ '"ul^V^^^^^ ^^ Mr. was a near neighbor. ItrsEfff ?",?.' ^'^u^'- ^- "urdman, ^ho place and has enjoyed t a lon^.^ °^^"P'^^ ^he old Dey taste fruits and flowers e-'nS'^^^^^^ cultivated with much good and sending them Tor decora^^^^^^^^ ^T'' "^^""-^'i^'"? wild flul.rs admired, He was a^so . tfn^? *r Pf*'^' ^''^''*^ ^hey were greatly C'outlee was a m1 s cT * and tLv f "" w °^ ^"^^ curiosities.^ M >n,es Bailey, a Ion. u^^' the under' ^f^-'^'^^^^^ ^^""^ '"-''"'^'"' ^*'"''^- last dresses." He u- ,erv in "rni^^ shawed the dead into their read and a man of thought (W of hif ^ '^^'"'^ '''''^''' extensively f 'nited States Several of hie ^ f . '°"' '^ ^ clerumen now in the Mrs. Nelson of Bnstol One vvL'^ ''''/"*''''''l'?'^^S>'men. ^^^ was onfe. When rea 'n^ of R rh >""'^ *""^'" ^^"-^^^"'Ond, now in Tor- Mr. Lind.sa;"wrrSc j^^^^^^^^^^ to mention Rev. lo"Rthc sujcnnlencent of schools for OttaW* * I i| ii ^MdM*JtV««lUK£ II m M !(-i J) i8o I HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. SJ?;Mrrrri"'^"^'r^'.^*"^.^'^'^''°"'- "^ ^^^ succeeded by iJoulton McGrath h ^^rcat in ithematician, full of originality almost to to?l^e'sr''^" r '^^^''' is nearly as lar^c as aEuropfan k^'oln anS wnnl^" T]'T ""^ l^H '^y^""^' ^^^ threatened with fire from the F°enchm?n'lnT5^'"'' '^" "i"'' inhabitants to the rescue, with all the 1 rcnchmen who had ponies and water barrels. A large belt was care Tl .^ iTu^Ut Z^ZT'^'r^u^ ^^^ ^^"^^^^ P^^^^^ ^-'y or was avoided. weeaskv rnn^H f'-'^'^^^^f'"^"^ ^^F^^h^*"' ^"d ^^^e^^l questions were asked, considered and answered. One said. Why is nothing better retu"rnedTnT"-r^°°' '" f '^/^''^^S viW.ge like this? "^Before the peopL rcadTmv M ' •'^^' resolved to call a meeting and try to organize an academy. Meetings wore called, well attended, and many things con- cam;1i;:r'e^Rr7 I'w T T" r"" '"^'"^^ ^^^ "'"^^ ^ ^^^^^ if cturer came there, kev. Dr. West, who, when consu ted, gave great encoura^rp sTstt of C ? S^'"'"- p"^">' ^ ^^^^--"'"^ body^was ^o7gani"d cot s^sting of C C. Symmes, Esq., mayor of the village; Peter Avlen ir L^Go rfat"VelL'""''f' ''^ ^■^i'"^' Richafd McCo^neiranV j! treasure ' Jr.J J^ "^^^ elected president, and Mr. Symmes secretary- treasurer. Application was made to the Government of Upper and Lower Canada tor an act of incorporation w'.ch was granted and an eridowmen of ^loo annually or $400. It was called the "AXe" Acadeniy. It was not a separate school, yet the Hon. Mr. ChanvTau part Rl?n ralh-r' '" ""VTr^' -f--t all remonstrances on' our part. Koman Catholics availed themselves of its advantages The oh ject and aim was to make it a proper connecting link between the corn" mon school and the college or university. The higher branches of arithmetic, algebra, geo,neliy. English grammar anfthe llt^'%nd G eck cl^ass.cs and elocution, etc., were taught efficiently and rn^st cSe tfb^;" target'' """'"" °^^"'-^'' ^"' "^ '^^^^ -" »-& -ntinue They employed a succession of well qualified teachers. Amon^ o hers may be mentioned Messrs. Shelden, Lochead, McGrtth S Sheldon again after he had become a lawyer. Miss Lizzie Symmes and others, all u-ell qualified and very carcfuK painstaking and fa^t^Sl in the execution of their work A great amount was expended, and an effort made and well sustained to get the building in order, which commended he inslruction far and wide beyond the bounds of the county It w^ to be a place of t-horou^rh tnuning and it fully met the expectation" X tne persKstent offors of the directors and kindly responses of the ptoole or as Mr R. McConncI!, one of its efficient managers, said "K the perr,e crancc of the saints." it was got out of debt. We never cou^d earn in thirteen years reporting and drawing the endowment and nav^ a It over to the teacher, why the educational departS persfS I keeping that word "Protestant" in their printed ann^alreports Nor can we see to this day how the knowledge ol arts, sciences kL,»!^ etc can be affected by the religion of th^e tcache^r, whcth"; pSS or Catholic. There must be some other reason for that settled deVi mined disposition to maintain separate schools. Quebec has nn n.S ^caoois, tncy are eitiicr Uatimiic or separate. The" Govemmeirt'sho'uW HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. a great economy ,n the Tu larof the f.md" SixTh '^' 'T' ""^' ^^'^^^ not been a sufficient time to teach tLmni 1 ^^^"^^"d years have out of their own pockeTs to mak^ rin.^ ""'' V^^' *^^ "^^"^y <^omes tors. Knights. Bayonets, ^arafkinTsfat^iarJet'ThN''^^^^^ endowments t- coUeees and ihJ^LZ. '^^yers; that give the great and their far too num^erous empbvee^Vh^r''^^ ^^^^ ^^'^"^^ '° "binets fToing clergyn,cn increase to Tm^L' ^^^^"^a'^e cunning, crafty, easy- they havc%-cH. w^in tLToirts of^SeT' T ^^/'-^oird^so th^t thousld mSro"n"^fXre?s\:oun;S'r "'^ "°' *^" ^^^^^n^ or ten multitude the same holdsTf IfrTothe^mroTThf ^^^^ '"^^ quently there can be nothing certain W u^^a "^"^titude, conse- not bring the same qualificafions to the I A ^'^- ^" u^^°^^- ^^ ^^^ do truth? Is not truth ever the same pFvl^' '' ,*^^' *^^ ^^"^^ of the of things as they are. never othemLe tL"'""' ^'V:?y« ^ ^-^Presentation the Cathohc Church, the Pope hJmcHf inT^ Tl ^'^^^"* authority in States to abandon the feeWe^Lpamtf school ?' ^.u P"°P?^ '" ^^^ United the strong schools must have teacW^n T}^ "^^'°"^^' ^"^ tha- teachers. This is good common sense I? if '"^ as public nationa: earned out. and w,1l abolish Si separate schLc /v, '"^"^^ir^ '^ P^oP^^ly children of the feeble schools will ^n^?! ^F^^ols the world over. If the strong. How P-fitalle ZKirb'e^S'or ^'^ ^^^ °^'^- politics or re igion ? It wonW .-^Li iu^ , division in education cherished, deep-footed. ^ Xch S'L b^ro^^H.'^'^^.^P °^ ^^^'^'^ 'on"g generation. It would dissi>a e t^tle wfndc: ^ • "F ^'"^^^ generation to tered and eaten like cankei?7n the sours of '^f,?"^''^^^ *hat ^^^^ fes- gnp on money bags, open the t.Vht^S- i . mil ions— relax the firmest with the diffu^n of kn^owledee woS hhr "^ iter's hoard s,Td ment. How many little TS iSte and^n/"'''"^ °^J°^^ *"<^ enjoy but rivet the chains of slavery In some of 1 ri ^ Z^f"" ^^^^ ^^ "« Sood; that should be free to follow VirfSr/aee^^^^^^^^ ^° W We have recommended the Pro Ltani of On^h "i"^'-^" ^"^ "'^"^^ry"^ arate schools and insist on all schools beinl^^?^" 1° ^'l^ "P ^^eir sep- cal thing for a country so thinly settleS ft ToTdh"' '^' °"^>' P'-^^'i" Schools are within speaking distance of Lr'^.u^^ ^ g*"^^* saving. attendance are by the^eryfyStaLhth.. ^3°.*^^''' ^^''^* ^hose in recommend the same to the CathXs n? On. -^ V" °"^ ^"o^her. We and every other province The vitarie^o?^^^^ /tappliesto Manitoba he,r teeth and shut their hardlsls and knock ^do'v^n ''''°°^' '"">' ^''^^^ tions and turn and kick them for fallinp-hntfo f °"'' fecommenda- mmd is not nourished on fo^ndatioS' fabric. Hn '^T"? '^^ '^'^^' The ish prejudices. Education, the moSding of t^^^^^ P^gan in the hands of thenarents ,. "'V"'goi ttie infant mmd. is ar^eV vicissitudes man paLe'he neve "o ts^'the' mo M '' ''^°V^^ ^^^^-e'r impressed on him by the hands of hi mothS 4."^^'^! ^'^ ^P'"^"^'. capable of giving the right form of mind snft.H .AV^^'u "^ therefore be ^„.-......,, ^ ..^^ ^ J5J j,_ capable of the joys of the f^iVn^r ' "' ""''^ "' ""^^ il!i ^B Dr£KP"l^ S£ ix.-=!! re. iSa HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLET. ■- 1 . 1 wHlingto^S h?"^^^^^^^^^ -"d when men are sintoretaSthepr^^^^^^^^ '^ not mortal iust buddipp nLTifscful ] . 1 '" ''■'' "^ "'^.^•scord in youthful minds. out of the Ay mcr Academy Sol'i^"!' Theatrical fooleries were kept' punished with suspension Pcnitnl"'"*'^ T''' ^'^'^ ^•"^- '^^^^'^ ''^'^'■^^- thinff was reauirod fn K^ i i-nitcnce procured a restoration. Everv- was a very little olacp with .' . ^^ ^"'^ ^''''' '^ '" ^'^'"^^r snows, churches, s^chodhouS court tuseTorr".l%t"""'r '""''"«-^' "'^ ate or adorn or convev tn fv;« . ' ^f^ ^ ■^*°"'^ structures to decor- and refinemenrasTos^ o°f tt' present dav '\l^'^^ -' ^'^^^^^^ comfort small steamer, Lady Colbourn w^?H^.^' ^^'^ "''^^'-f- *« ^luch the the ice and snow That beauSmT' ^^^ scarcely visible above a fine dri.e to Sabbath Leakers a"d^^^^^^ road affordinf. such a been hatched in the brain of anrnl^f.'^^ ^'"-' ^'*>'' '^^^ "^^ ever tlie centre of vnnnr « ^ ^ wealthy promoters. It was how- great development/ "^ "''"'^'''' "''^"' indicating powers sufficient for Wri^hS HS^SuSnrtjle;^^^"^.^"^;^^^^*"^ ™'' ?-*'^^' Prentiss. Thompson, Klocks Pari ers l^ru . "u- 5"^""y'' ^'■'■"^^«. some later, either lumbered or kpS Vf. "'■'^ ^."^'^'' '°"^^ e^''^''-^'-, mocassins/ We were^mler a msttkf.hTM^ ^'^'' '^""^^ ^'^ '"^de sister but the eousin of 'Mr R McCnnnni" ^f ^u'"'°>'' ^'^" was not the McConnell. who H "ecTwhere Bdl SeT'l^^ f-^''t'% ,?^ ^'' William extraction, descended ZSv fro- - T^ , ^^'i- ^^l' ^^^' of French many of them marrkdCnc^'^^veTlilfeWR^ '^^ ?f^^ ^^ Most of the first houses were Inc^«Hf.f ' /^.""^dJey of Huntley. two's practice, but many we ?fef ronnr"'/°"^^ ^"^ '" ^ ^^V °r plaster the spaces beTween No Pat Mnl. T'^ %"^,°"^ ^°"^^ chink and needed; no /ohn Whelan to buikl d il yfVhe Itn*''""'^ ''■^^. "^^ c.,l.ation. Shingles wermrdl ^i;^t.^:::^V^^T^^ % Moo^lXrol:^'lllZ7Nll7£:. Krn"T°^^^ Breekenndges, north of the.se, the Ferris M^xvveils MK i I \^"^ ^"^ '■*"gi"S near the mountain.s, HawoX Sle^s i^nl.r^ ^"^ Hurdmans lived east as wel as west of t'h^ n' ^"""yX ^^^'^^^ ^'^'^s- and Roberts the butcher firstTthivHiJ ^f^^u' . ^Imsteds, Aliens, Hull, then the oldeirn the fall" v^^ of Wales to H,: ntlev. then AyW an^ Hul[ R^'*^' ^■''H''' ^^'"^ ^''^"^ in Ottawa, and MontreaL Mr I F Tav lor ^LT" ^'"'"'^ ^' '^' ^^''P' bookkeeper for Mr. Wright AVood.?ni/.M ^r u^°""^ "'^"' ^^^ came in very much annoyed aVa^m.n ^ '' •*°''^ °^ ^'"'- ^r. Wright one. He haclbeen evTd^nt^^Tup-'L^Zr^^ t.nguishable. Mr. Wright men';iored w'^at he deserved Tn ^"r' 1" thought he M as in some measure, bou-.d to see hlf ' .f X"""^ Baylor ned out, and asked if he w.shed him •• aced '' Wr^ it nndd'^'H^'' T affirmatue. Taylor hung up his coa, walked o^t^a^^J Z'tt^ ^J.^^^ HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLF' % mrnne^Js" 'tIvC'*''"^ '""' """^' '^^^^^^^ *"^ P^^"'"^^^ *» reform his Ts mnrh ■. ^ ' '^^'^V."' P"^ "" '^'s coat and returned to his pen with siSof Hohroir."' '^^^^*'^ •^t^" ^^^'^^^^e ^'^ sweetheart dSwn the .bsid/d if i 1 \u '^*^*'- . ^^^""^ ^^'^ ^^^ '^"o^". the most obstreperous e wH.1k -'' '^'■^^''^"^d with a visit from James F. Taylor. When ^ZllvTn?^^^^^^ '^'"'' he was a very quietf sober Veg^s 5^Hdy ^r xiJ^^^^ i^ '"?' ^S'-^^^bl^ I*dy. formerly lliss ^e^forthat nm'I*'?'"'^''^^^'' °^ ^^^ Methodist church, but too Hhat is niw fif ^'"""^ /^'*'^''' ene'-getic community. For ages in thfcfu uv of O ri •J-^if'^' "'^'n*^^ ^'^^ °^*h« r^^<^ °f registrars .orrie?or21?i c*'!^ H'therto all conveyancing was done by Tw;ntv mor^ ^'°''^ -T^'^ *^""^ '*' "^"t«r« to thi signet." ^ could no" i^oTu5ertr'^''i '''^ P""^ ;i?°" * P'*^^ ^"d ^hc purchaser rardy vouchSLd Fn^^^^^ '^^hich was not sLpectin^ mo^ Tl ^°"^h* ^^'"'^^ f^"'" ^^^ F''«^"«^h owner., would turn UD Tnr ?1^ ' ^"f/^^^"- .P^^ng the principle a mortga^je Then :,nn?K '^' """Y t''^'y would pay it rather than lose their investment was di'sco ered" V 1 rr °"f t"' ^^ P"'^ ^•'^^^'^^- Soon thL grievance After th^al had ro It '^^'^^^^"''^ ^^^ compelled to provide thi remedy, lame numhlr nf rf \'':'''''^^^ to give them validity. Aylmer had a n^fn "rbfautiM irnd.'l •*' P°P"'^^'«"' ^ut they did not take to farm slianMes CO 'cm?i1hreJ n f'P' ^i'l,"'"" ^i"*^" ^h^''" °^ts and hay to the moderate and the much tllkpH Iff ^^ '*'*'■ *'"''*'• ^^^^^ were l^mdlays. Kidder Walkers' MAfjr"''r"''^^ S'^^" *« the cHscissed u- th his nei^Kbors Z'nf Th^f "^ "^' V' "^ ^°"^^ experiments, seeds to the acre Hfsertheevlmor/ ? T'^k,^' '^l ^"^"^'^'^''^ "^ clover seed to the a. rr ami f^?. 7m T "^^ ^oublnig the quantity c,i occu lu ine a-ie, and found that it grew finer an<^ talUr fi-.^ d supporting one another so that a rK,.. k i * *.u • *^'^' t"^ stems vvuhoutsmlcin.rJi?'2!!;;K° .!.L* ch,p basket thrown on it was upheld " «* r— -i— V •^^•vvii, mac the armnais wouid eat it without ' n ili'^ i ' f' f i;; :r : 1 ■ fj If : t8-: HISTORY OK THE OTTAWA VALLEY rejecting any, and that the roots if dug up and cleared of the earth would in some cases produce 20 tons weight to an acre, unfolding the value of so much vegetable to be decomposed by ploughing down in the soil. He told us of a journey he once made on snowshoes from Hudson's Hay to Lachine in 14 days. His weapons were a light fowling piece, tomahawk and jackkiiife with flint, watch and compass, soft deer- skin clothing and mocassins and mitts protected him from the weather. When he found at night a dry pole or tree he set it on fire and camped beside it, sleep-ng in boughs for the night The burning tree was a pro- tection against w^'-, cs, though he seems to have met with none, and bears were then in their caves, as they generally are during winter weather. He sometimes had to turn from his direct route on account of hills too .steep to climb on snowshoes, or streams dashing over precipitous rocks, and that .sometimes for a long way, did not form ice .stro.g enough to bear his weight to cross over. Game was by no means abundant, and he had to economize his pemican and other provisions. The reader may form an estimate of such a trip. A strong man, in addition to his weapons, loaded with two weeks' provision, and' alone on such an excursion, through an unbroken forest for fourteen days and nights. The object was to bring a message to Governor Simpson, of impending dangers to the company, that steps might be taken to avoid. Men had not dreamed of telegraph wires or ocean cables, and the St. Lawrence was as little navigable in winter as Hudson's or Davie's straits. Col. McLean had four sons and one daughter who married my old school- mate and warm friend, Mr. Charles Stewart. He was born at Vankleek Hill, a nephew of William Stewart Esq. M. P. for Ottawa. Mr. Roderick Stewart and Mrs. John Durie, sr. He possessed undoubted talents, but was a little too fond of amusements with the boys, letting slip the time which might otherwise have been utilized, but he generally managed to navigate through. Rev. John Robb, the teacher, though g.Tted with a critical ear, was dull of hearing and Charlie never failed to take advantage of a whisper, especially in translating a perplexing complicated sentence of Livi, describing Hanni- bal s climbing and crossing the Alps. He would manage the construction and translation with energy and sometimes elegance. He was a true and trusty friend in those young davs and would warn you faithfully to beware of those who met you with a bland smile, when they are back- biters and detractors. Anyone who has noted carefully the condition and acting.s of his fellow-men, can hardly refuse to endorse the idea in the words of Thomas Boston: "That this world is a wilderness, in which the clearest light men can carry with them, will not frighten away the wild beasts that inhabit it, and simply because they, are men and not wild beasts." He detested hypocricy as we ever did and honestly warned you against being deceived. He went to Chicago during our college days, and, sorry to say, we never saw him afterwards. The Col's eldest son, John Warren McLean, married Miss Bolton of Aylmer, and died in middle age leaving the young widow and some children. ' The young widow afterwards married Irvine Allen, a young lawyer, whose brother Sam was drowned in the Lievre, found with his feet entangled m the brush of a fallen tree top and his head in the water. He had cone on a survey. • "ISTORV OF THK OTTAWA VALLEY. 185 paper In Carleton Place. Jam/s A en 'l n "" '""'" ^^^^lish a spirited ihc Fraserrver or JJntish Columbia t^i^'']^'^''' hrother. went to money and lost a ovcT and ov'erapun M ^' n^' ""^ ^'^ ^'^^'> "^adc the old homestead. He ran a^ on r r^*^" '^^^ctor McLean lives in vv^^en the election ^J^S:,'l^j:^J'r^ ,^- the Commonsrind have been successful. Mr. Brvson nf r i "" '''" ^8^'*'" '^e would sons hves in Ottawa, and o./eTh ] , lu' ""P ^"'■'•''-■^' ^^- One of he ^0??; "r '^■'^•■^" reside in Ottawa ^ it'/h''"' "^''■''* '^'^ ^'f^ «nd line of Onslou lived some brothrM^« v . ^^^^^"-'^ " ^st and about the Veleau was a shoemaker H^ w e sa'S'^'^'^Jr' ^^^^ V^''^^"- Wm' V ery smart man. that time he\ no siA-'' ^ ^T ^^ '">'""^ ^e smart. Ht he fam.ly He kept a "bush taTcVn'' and d?dV^^"r"-"''' "'^'^ ^'^^' P'^k of Mrs. Joe Veleau was of Indi'in kI^Ii ^"" "'" the Iionors rijrht Wdlv '\er to Dr. Church, or spc "king o Te' ^^T " ^^""'^ ^'- ^ntroS can. he said: "Dr. Church, a^^wfesom? ?"''"' *' '^^ ^"^ «'d physf mearnng that she was a la< ^ver f^ s 1 wi' ' '' '^"^^ •'^'^"^^." evidently great resort of the French en Ji^eVl in ^ ^ '"^"^^^ ' '^^e place was a market and for the Irish SI ^erfshantl'''"^^ 'T^'' ^^-^ the Quebec Joe Veleau. who did a stS^ rr.T.T^" °^ ^ ' ^'■eeds patronized Sometimes he succeeded In Let Sff^^^^^ '" '^^ whiskey ine h.m, but not always. The bK^fc ^^/ ^°'' ^'^^^t the men owed and the rest of them had left /L ^^""^^ employed were unmarH^H could be brought ove? the sea ^^K^^^^ «'d Count^^^ir hey money on their persons. They Z Lt ^^'^ ""^"•' troubled wS Quebec and spent the most of^tTce^^^"T'">' °" ^he rafPat ^nd^;^^^:^^ ^- V- [^j;;^aidtr De ^e^c^^t^ ^Sf c^^ tJT .eturning they dfank dee'p potaSs arTo'^^^^l^'^r ^" Pa-in^up a^d ;;a.se his glass and say, ''VVdl 10^1 ' ''. ^^'^;?"^ tavern. One wouW rprtune. But the silver w7s It foV^h'^'-^""'^- Another, Joe here's "' usf :"'. 'ri!"^ had'rroTen'hfm''""'"^ ^"^ ^^ — ^ tS: caS l5arn!kLrari^„'^;r.^;t^?J^^^^^^ ^^o- name we did not -^immt".^^^?he^&-,r'-^^^- ^/^li-^ ^^ .-.tlX^t-hl^c? waste about a m;ii;«« ^""o a ship canal at the ChatQ^Po5j . house t, bl^sTd''rbo^rn^^h;trf^r "tl-- l^'^oufT'Ct vhen the county was pleased w^tht^e bnahf ^"''^'^gmen, and then the whole thing was dropped and thJ^ Prospects of a ship caS themselves to other calling? it "J "^ P?°P'^ remained, and betook wet blanket thrown overTandL^^'^"^.'" t'"^^' the effects of ?h^ community Two y^ar ago'^^ p^^^,^^^// healthy, enterprfs^^g; ; S? '»- ^^^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) i/. ^/ ^ ^A^ A 7. 1.0 I.I 11.25 ■- ilM |5 '""^^ M 2.0 1^ il.6 bciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 iV qv ^■^^ 9> l^> 'o".A <*..:>> % <^ o ^' W^ i/.A k 1 86 TTSTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLBT. were taken uy a •aiidem horse team on an elevated pictaresque railway to Uje ferry boat that crossed to Arnprior and up to Portage du Fort, whence they were conveyed over land to Musk Rat Lake, and by steamer to Pembroke. Three parallel lines of railways cover the san>e country now. On the north shore the Chapleau & Church Railway. On the south phore the C. P. R. and the Parry Sound Railway. The soil on both sides of the Ottawa is rich, deep and of excellent quality up to the Laurentian hills on the north shore and to Fort William. But it requires deep draining and a high style of cultivation to make it as productive as it is capable of becoming under such treatment. Open drains are com- mon on both sides of the river but only careful Carmers are making covered drains. These keep the run of water all winter, changing the nature of the soil, and enabling the hands to work two full vvei. ks earlier than on the undramed land. It must be honestly admitted that farmers are very severely tried with the badness of the times, the low pric-s for produce, and the outrageous prices they pay for coal oil binding i\\ ine and machinery. They should, however, drain a field every year in the best possible manner. Of course we are bound up in winter and oi.r summer season is short and crowded with business. Cheap drains can be made, but deep ones are far the most profitable. One of six feet ('eep will t<.ke away twice as much water as two, four feet deep, or per- haps as much as three. The land will endure drought much better and ven heavy summer rains^ the soil being so much more porous will ab sorb from t)-.e atmosphere or drink in the rains without injury to the crops. The lands are well adapted to raising all kinds of grain, and of the best quality for clovers and grasses of almost every description. Cattle, sheep, hogs and horses, have done well from the earliest settle- ments to the present time. Few diseases trouble them, and they can be bred or grown to as fine a size and form as in any country in the wo'.iJ, and at as reasonable a cost or expenditure. It was a long time after the first settlement before what is now the c:ty of Hull was even a village. Its growth was very slow. The pion- eers took to clearing land and making farms, Mr. Wright carrying on all the business. Having so much land, he was as it were, located in the midst of the earth, and except to house workmen and helpers, he was not disposed to trouble himself about building a city. Very few houses were built for many years. We recollect' when only two houses st-ood on what is now the principal street. The people wanted land they could call their own forever. Mr. Wright's own dwelling, tiien the most beautiful house in the country, was on that pretty elevation above the present tollgate. Mrs. Judge Scott, whose husband was a very distin- guished gentleman of the law for some time in Bytown, resided in it with her daughter for years. Mrs. Ruggles Wright lived in one of the new stone houses built as the beginning of the city of Hull. Mr. Tiberius Wright was on the east side of the Gatineau, where his son Alonzo occupied. Mr. Christopher Wright dwelt near Chelsea on the hill above what was called the rafting ground, this side of which stands the little village of Ironsides. Mrs. C. Wright, his second wife, was a daughter of Mr. James Armstrong of March, our next neighbor. He was a clear- headed mar., full of entertaining stories of the early history of the settle- ments, as well as that of his native Cavan, Ireland. He was no dishonor rx HISTORY or THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 187 to the land cither of his birth or of hs adoption. He and my father were great adepts in the science of numbers. Discovering niv growing fondness for the same, nis genius led him to search and send us many a puzzler, and was tickled and pleased to get the solution written out and sent him. Mrs. Tiberius Wright, Jr., has a fine lari?e family of chi! 'ren and hve south of the homestead. The home of Mr. Alonzo Wnght, M. P. for a long time in Ottawa county, is well-known to rich and poor. A magnificent frame house with a large well-stocked conservatory, and the most beautiful surroundings, v/ell becoming the monarch of the Gatineau, who dispenses the hospitalities i'- a style and manner little short of princely grandeur. The large farm on the east bank of the river !s very fine indeed, exhibiting several natur 1 terraces, all facing the southwest, and whether garden or orchard, cultivated fields or pastures and meadows, present an aspect so picturesque, on so grand a scale, and With such taste, showing as it were the artificial finish of a master's hand. His fields of the finest cows, his stables of blood horses, and what some greatly admire (though we never could), a oerfect stock of dogs— so;ne lion-like in their huge size, all indicating immense wealth. „ .^^ Sparks's wealth was prodigious. North of Mr. Wright the Main family reside, grandchildren of the late Mr. Andrew Main, so lonr a successful merchant in Ottawa. They lost th<;ir father years ago :ind a son was drowned below Eaton Chute. The widow was a Miss Hainil ton. She has a large and fine family. They did not belong to the early mhabitants. On the west side opposite the Wrights, were the Steeles Brooks, Hudsons, Churches, Sheffields, Chamberlains and many others had taken lands on which after^vards the villages of Chelsea and Ironsides were formed. Andrew and David Blackburn migrated to Hull in 1829 and settled above Chelsea, Andrew on the west side. Divid took lot No. II on the nth range and 11 on the 12th range. They sailed from Glasgow on the 9th of July of that year' on the brig Amity; Captain E. Roy, and in fifty-one days reached Montreal. In two days' more they got to Bytown. Col. Bv was then on the canal works. They made application to the land agent, Burrows, and furnished with al,st of vacant lots, were directed to Mr. Chamberlain. Thev were ferried over in a log canoe to see and take the lands. The next year Andrew a.ssi.^ted the Chamberlain brothers to make their first timber, floated down Hie river above the bridge. Andrew's wife was a Mi.ss Pollock, and ty mised a fine family of sons and daughters. One daughter is ivlrs;. Ihomas Brown, who has two beautiful children. Her husband k a fine prosperous man, besides a legacy is left her in the old land. Twenty-seven of the relatives are buried in the cemeterv at Cantley. David Blackburn the only surviving brother, is in wonderfully good health, considering ins broken limbs and his difficulties of locomotion. He is a cheerful, ^ood old Christian, with a high appreciation of the value of religion' When a boy preacher, we remember meeting him at Wakefield, to which he walked or rode, and led the singing many a day. He is the only elder in the congregation in Cantiev at the present time of writing He told us he and his people were the only family six miles north of Mr Iibenus Wright and wife, who were then healthy, vigorous people M livitig where their son now resides. In the brought a gang of hands to cut year 183 i logs for the Hamilton mills Horace King at Hawkes W-<: !,!•! IH t88 HISTORY OF THE OTTAW/ ^ ALLEY. bury. Mr. Justice Hamilton and son were a lifstime lumbering. Lum- bering now began to be pushed with a vengeance on the Gatineau. Wright, Chamberlain, Hall, Hamilton, Leamy, McGoey, Gilmour and many smaller concerns, secured all the limits thought to be worth taking ip; and bought from the Government all the best of the lands available, -o make farms for horses and oxen in summer time. Afterwards to raise shorthorns and others for beef, these farms were well cultivated. Dwel lings, stores and all necessary buildings were erected, giving to each establishment the aspect of a village, Mr. James McLaren, then a young, intelligent, aspiring man, saw a mill site, with a little thing in the way of a saw mill, which he purchased from a Frenchman, and began his mil lionaire career. He bought logs from farmers along the river banks for 75 miles, or as far as he could procure them, giving a fair price in cash or goods as they chose He soon furnished flour and then oatmeal for the whole region above him on the river, and then drygoods ami groceries. Next he set to spinning and weaving, becoming in a few years an extensive manufacturer, long before protection, for he was a Liberal, and was generally if not always successful. He died at Buck ingham some time ago leaving $6,000,000 or over and daily increasing. He built the great mills at Ne>v Edinburgh, which were burned before his demise. He purchased the Buckingham mills and acquired very large timber limits on the Lievre as well as the Gatineau. He stood very high in the estimation of men whose opinions were of much value. According to the account of Mr. David Blackburn, his father, Mr. Andrew Blackburn, WJ^:- born at Kilbarchan, Renfrewshire, Scotland, December 9th, 177c; and his mother. Miss Isabella Lenox, born in Ster- ling, August, 1775. He died 29th April, 1855, and his wife in January, 18&, buried in Cantley cemetery. The father and two sons, Andrew and David, came out the same year together, and the mother and a younger brother, father of Lenox, came out the next year, 1830. James, the M. P., and the Capt. came out in 1832, the year of the first great out- burst of cholera in the British Isles. James was born in Glasgow, July 22,1799. He married Miss Campbell, sister of Sir James Campbell of Glasgow, as we have already narrated. The Blackbums were the highest up white settlers on the Gatineau in their.time of location. John Knox Blackburn and his cousin, Lenox Blackburn, very excellent and intelli- gent young men, are yet unmarried. Mr. Robert Blackburn, now de- cea.sed, resided in New Edinburgh, where his family still reside. He was the wealthiest of all the relatives of that name, Mr. Ash was one of the early teachers in Chelsea. We baptized some of his children. He is long dead but his widow survives. Most of his children are married and in different parts of the country. Mr. Elder and his wife were early in among the settlers of Hull. He is dead some years, but she was alive at the house of her son-in-law, Mr. Mclntyre, near the Sixes, when we used to meet there. She is the mother of Mrs- Reid, who has the post office above Eaton chute. Mrs, Elder must be nearly one hundred years old. About the year 1830, a Mr. William Davis came to the Gatineau beside Mr. David Blackburn. He had live sons and three daughters, one of whom Mr. Blackburn married. She is some time dead, but her son has a fine family of sons M HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLET. 189 < >i and daughters with whom Mr. David lives ver)' happily in his old age. ne persists in hoeing in the garden in summer, and following up the old honest industry. William Davis, the oldest son of the family got lost in the woods shortly after they located there and the people turned out witn guns and horns to search for him but were unsuccessful in their nunt. in his wanderings he came at last on a creek bank and turning ^,?ri i"" ^ll*"". ^'" 1",^ reached the Gatines.u, following it till he came out at Mr. Tiberius Wright's. An old writer savs if you want to find tne ocean take a river by the hand and follow it down." William must have had a rough passage over fallen trees and through brushwood out ne seems to have seen no wild beasts, nor met with any accident; f m'^ T'"^x!'^*^lP^'°" *"^ ^^^^y refreshments from the hospitable hands 01 Mrs. 1. Wright must have been sweet after about sixty hours fasting ^d exercise. A vigorous young Englishman can endure a good deal, we are wiHing to accord the like powers to a Scotch or Irishman. •A ^^'■s- .^lackburn, the present daughter-in-law of David,' was the widow of his nephew before his son married her, which shows the esti- mate in which she was held by the Blackburn family. Her sister is the wite ot Mr Davis, a son of the old pioneer, with a large family of nice children. Mr. Thomas Kirk from Londonderry, Ireland, came to the (^xatineau shortly after the Blackburns and got land on both sides of the river and at a place where the stream ' flat and placid for some distance, a thing not very common on that rapiu river; there he established what was long known as Kirk's ferry. Teams and loads were ferried on a scow. Uhat seems to have ceased asnothing larger than a small boat has been seen there for years. Mrs. Kirk was a Miss Green, whose brother was a shipping merchant of Londonderry. Their family con- sisted ot eight daughters and two sons. The eldest son was a surveyor and dwelt at Stratford, Ontario. On a visit there we met a son of his, an intelligent young man; his father was out of town at the time. • uJZ , S ^^^ °*^^'' ^°"' married a Miss Brooks and lived on the right bank of the river opposite his father. They are both dead some years, l wo daughters of theirs are married to two brothers by the name ot (jreen, their grandmother's maiden name. One lives in Hull city tne other in Chelsea. They are very intelligent young men, employed in the lumber at present but well qualified for any employment. The ladies are very accomplished and pleasant women. Another sister is ivirs. ±Jrooks at Lowe. One of their brothers lives near Desert and the other at Detriot Michigan, U.S. Mr. Kirk's eldest daught.-r was Mrs. i-aton now in the United States. The second was Mrs. John Steven- son who had nine daughters and three sons. The sons are on and near the homestead. One daughter is Mrs. Hutton near Desert with a fine mlh' ?"if ^^^^^- S*"^"^l McClelland also a fine family, another is Mrs. myth of the city. Some young members are at home yet unmarried. Mr. Hutton was in the employ of the McLarens in the himber business, rte IS now a very successful farmer. Another of John Stevenson's daughters is Mrs. Paterson, who lives on the river b::pk a few miles east of the Peche, where a son is now a merchant. 1 he third daughter of T- Kirk became Mrs. Ricar aunt by n''c"%l*V^'"- ^'■'^''^ ex-M.P. The family we believe live in the U.i). Ihe fourth daughter became Mr*. William Strachan. She is the '. 1 mmmmmmm ICO HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. ml .. 'A ,(f , mother of seven sons and three daughters. Tnvo of the sons are dead. One was Drought home ill and died. Another was superintending a fo?K ^'"^' 'a^^ '^V'*''T ''"'' ''■'*' ^^"^^" "P «'i'' h's remains brought home ^MmJ' o ^.'■"t'^^-'-s ^nci one sister Hvc with their mother, now a widow. One is do.ng well m tlie Western States. Two live east of F.Hc^fW ^fi''?/''?;^'''''^'^*".^'-'-' ^'''"'■^'^' *"^ Alexander to Miss ttfn H i)^!'"'^' ;'• ,^"^ ^^'-^''Rhtcr is Mrs. C^harles Pink, at the moun- ^' Ifvi- "i ', <- "" *"■ i"'^' "P *'^^ OiX^^^. Widow Carman is the fifth Kirk daughter, has fu c .sons ar.d four daughters, all married but one anci live m various parts around about. Mrs. Heney was the sixth. Mr. W^xs^y ,s one of our wealthy citizens. Their eldest daughter died very young, very Ingnly spoken of. and one son was drowned, a younc m^ln-ol .vr^'^'c! ''"'' r'\ "^""^^ esteemed. The other son is lately H.^^n r° ^ '' ^/a^^' daughter of the well-known John Street, son of the old Captain ot Match. One married daughter lives in New Bruns- wick, one in the eastern townships, and we think two at the St Laarence,jvhilst the youngest, best and beautiful one is but recently jnarried. inc seventh daughter of Tliomas Kirk was drowned in the wj^""!-' ' •'^.^^"^^•■^^'s river, from its sic cp rug-ed banks. "She was the loved of all. yet none o er her low bed may weep." The eighth was Mrs. Chambetlam, lived as Kazabazua. died young. Mr. Chaniberlain afterwards married Miss Stevenson, daughter of Thom.is Stevenson, bhe IS now a widow with a son and a dai^ghter, both young On the same side of the river with the Eaton chute, between and opposite Mrs. Re.d's post office, Mr. Paterson resided, who died recently He began ,ife on the Gatineau as a teacher, and followed it for years sncces.sfully, and then settled down as a farmer. One of his sons is at McGi.l College r)rci,anng to be a Presbyterian Minister. One lives at Buck- ingham One on the homestead with his mother and two sisters and his wife with a daughter and tvyo sons, very pretty, well behaved children, and their mother grandmother and aunts are all very superior women! 1 he family are all very liberal in their views regarding other demonin- ations. but distinguished Presbyterians never disturbed by the short- lived spasmodic efforts of others trying to get a ^oothold where they have none, and almost no people witliout pre- etising. A yoiin'p energetic farmer and miner, Mr. Wilson lives near tnem and the Messrs w I I'^M- r ^' ''";'^^ '^"^ ^""''^ ^"^ ^'^'^s ^<^'y prosperous. His wife IS a Miss Cooper of the neigbhorhood. They have several children. th^Vwr^M '"p ^1 ''^ ^''^ r'°"^^''' "^=' close by on the main road from the city. Mr. Prudhomme keeps store and hotel close by. a very oblig- ing Frenchman. Some years ago a Mr. Brown losthis life and drowned his team attempting to cross at one of these ferries. The banks are as Zlr^^r f !f'^' '*^''^' ^""J^^'- ^^•■"^" '^'■^^'^ ^'s ^'^^ down ami the horses got on the scow, and the wheel- struck with force bu*' did not eet SrAv."?. f ^^'■7-"^'"^ either had not made it very secMre, or the shock ;k? K . ?T • ?"'"'"Ss. the waggon went down between the bank m<1 the boat, taking h.orscs and man with it, and there was not help or means to save the life of either man or anur,als ^ TT..I1T0 wJt''/rf "^^';*^^^".^"f^d '•"^fj "'^ «1'^- we.«< side of the Wverfro« Ju 1 to Wakefield; and a fa.rly passable road on the east side and botk ...olonjied over a hundred miles north ; but the river is bridgdcss to ito HISTORY OP THE OTTAWA VALLEY. ,9, o?"chel'la*'' tS^ °ne'on;:''?v'L ^/ ,^'«"=^° Wright's, two miles this side ?Jk..! 11 P^^.P^' ^^'"'* '* *°° expensive to biiilH brirlffes even ^.eX tW ll? thaT^ needed. The government of Quebef are c" Trr ^'Ja ■ •! ** "" ^^ '■'*''^^ '" '■avenue cannot half satisfy that grc.u and smcc It was a province the men of all shades in oditir. debtM^notSnf of' ^^^"-^-^-t «^^-ol. have runt so hopelessly Tri debt that nothmg of any consequence can be obtained for road^i or fohn^^nov°ii'll^r^ '^l^ ^'1'^'"' ^"^ ^"^--^^ Blackburn arc unmarried rke i^?he name Tt ^an?I ^"' "'^' '"u^' " ^"*^ ^"^^ ^e made a mil: R.n Jn o VII ■ u V^"t'fy P'opcr the store "is run" by the Messrs by.Kev, Mr. Fmdlay in connection with Cantlcv Presbvtcnai , l!, r,l, Thcse.have been more recent than some others fn the co ,n v that I i banke and '" "'^" * "'*""' ^."""""^"y ^^^^^^^ i" moneylenders anc bankers and companies proverbially soulless Dne-^ it n«f o^l tcr steLtoiecfdf^Tr"^ ^°"^^' '* takes Tw ma shm 1^?^ . J""^^' ^''^y '^'^ ""^ ^^^^'•'y as noon dav the hard- ship., self-den.als, and even sufterings people endure, compelled to kve .3- ! :S , 1 M*"^ m^mmmmmmmmma 192 « j 1 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. from year to year without bccomlnp; a dollar richer, but often many poorer; but the thing is too common to Lr noticed or make any im- pression. VVc Iiavc referred to a few callinRS, but it applies everywhere lawyers, iloi tors, mechanics, any man who charges more than a livini' profit on his labor atul risks. It is true of men wTio are able and do not aid accorilinK to the reijuircment?, good obiects as well as give in chari- ties and counsel to industry when they arc not able to aid. Does it add to the happ tu ss of humanity, that a f'l w arc unreasonably wealthy, and a million unreasonably pin<:hed with distressing poveity ? We hail as a heaven given boon to society the man or the woman, the lady or gentle man who can with <|uict calm, loo.sc or cut the gordian knot, that the tyrant custom has formed and help with their gentle, or their strong hands, or contrive, invent or in any wise legitimately encourage to a bctteringof the condition, by finding emplovmcnt or starting new in- du<|Mcs. so that people can make a living, and at the same time cultivate jnthe.r souls a higher ideal, of the dignity of an intelligent beint^ formed in the image of the glorioqs Creator. Thank heaven there arc samples of the race coming to the front who are destined to give a new trend to the world's hi.story, and a new aspect to human society. This wi.sdom that stimulates to honest labor or that invents time and labor-saving in.struments is from God. and shouhl be respected as F^is gift But the talent to rob, to deprive of the means of living, to impoverish, or prevent men from making ends meet, paying lawful debts, rising honestly in the world, is to pervert the God- given talents from their proper use, and to employ them in the service of the enemy. Shall we take the talents that God gives herewith- to work tor Satan ? Is this not to pervert the history of the race. Is it no^ to inflict untold misery on the race? What multitudes of parasites the race e.xhibits, leeches that would prefer to explode rather than not ex- tract the last i)ound from the victims? If this should be considered a iiigression. we make no apology for it; since myriad voices over the earth call so loudly for it as a remonstrance of the million against the hundred. Going northward on the east of the river you pass the St«rv settlement and Easy's, all reliable and good industrious farmers. Mr and Mrs. Story are well advanced in ycprs, but active for their time. Most of the famjy are married and settled around. These old people, like the Widow Smith and the several others, were among the pioneers in this quarter. Wdson's Corners is so named from Mr. Wilson, who keeps a little store there. Mr. Wilson is from the Chats, son of one of the earliest settlers of that place, and a connection of the ShorilT's llic first possessors of the bank of the river at that'^beautiful falls. Mr. Story carries on a blacksmith business, and Mr. McGlashan caniagc-making at the Corners, both successful men in bvisiiuss, Mrs. Wilson was a Miss Boucher from March, Ontario; Mrs. \Stnrey was a Miss Smith from Aylmcr, and Mrs. McGlashr.n was Miss Ihown from Cantley, each pos.ses.sing considerable merit as wives and mothers Wc ascend a high hill and are in the Steven.^on neighborhood, and they are a host and occi.py both si.lcs of the G.niueau for miles. Opposite Mrs. • f I P.°^^ "^ '''^'' '-^'^'^ ^ ^^'y ^^o'"-^*' honorable ma.i, Mr. Patterson who died recently. He began his t ancras a teacher nm\ followed it up with perseverance and .success for several years. Mrs. Patterson thoufii HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLKT. ,93 mns.''< 'f^;!?'"''' '" ^^*'"" """"Ay '"^'' ^^*^'>'- "^^y J^'^ve had a lar^e family most of wh(m, survive One son with his wife, a little dauRht. and two ->ns l.vc w.th h.s mother and two sisters in the old homciead a braut° ful place on the river side below Katon Chute. One son I vr, in Buck- Zr mini IP ^.'^V^'""*^ ^^^^K "^a" of talent. The family were sobcr-inmdcd I ro.sbytcnans, never carried away by the noisy demon- Mr' Smi?hT;';"'"r* ^^^^ ^'T'- '*"""«"din,^. ^Mrs. Patterson and Mrs. Smith urrc sisters. Mrs. Boon with a large family of dai-ehters jind some sons, was among the early settlers up the (iatineau H^J husband w.th several relatives are buded «t Cantley crn'eery where very recent!)^ Mrs Hoon sr., was interred, a very old laT;. Mrs •Stevenson and Mrs. Cooper are .sisters, whose brotheni, the Max« ells' occupy the west ban!< of the river not far from the Caswdes . Mr jan ei Kcid now resides at the Cascades and one of his sons keeps store there another .s on the old homestead. ^ "^' Mr. Reid is one of the few that first associated together to form a congregation of Presbyterians in Wakefield. Masham wL at H I preaching station in connection with Wakefield, which hasThehon^ erf bcmg the first organized Presbyterian church iu the county of Ottawa Hil had a Congregational church. The Kirks, Reids, Gordons mIx- wells Strachans. Pattersons, Steven.sons. Moncriefs, McLrins Fairi^ai^^ 1 r tchards, Ne.sbttts, Gib.sons, McNai.s, Duncans and a muSdTof Vx^r^S^r'TLT,"^^^^ '^' congregati;« at first abouf the >rari«46. That is about 46 or 47 years of age. The cldershio was coinposcd of strong men who were well read in Scripture and X^ prin- ciples of the Presbyterian church. James Reid,^homas Steverfson Ken"nrfr^' rf • ^T'' ^""^■"^^' J^^^" ^^^Nair. Thoma.s Duncan m' ^Z ftl^.\ ^^V'r '■'\ ^I'^^r ^»/ R«v. John Corbett. a student of BeK fa.st, the school of Cook, Ldgar. Hannah Kairns and others. Mr. Corbett 's m ^ s^v "m T i '^' T^r^**^ °'"^^'-' y^^ the church grew under hi mmistry, Mashani from a little station developed into a large one Wake- field church at the Peche was a long time the largest portion Now JJ^pJe'ranc'e' '"*'"' ** " * ''^'^ ^'"^^'^ *"^ ^ -''^^y cong" egat:^ si^JnL'rnlt^-^''^ h*? K^°^ '»"f ^«=:H cultivated and exhibiting all rifntnr^ ? *^J The great disiuption of 1844 in Scotland v^^s c;ir- ie K irk a"n*H ?ht"F * -Tr' °I '",V;"%Y ^^'^^ ^y ^'<-'P"tations from the Kirk and the Free Church. Wm. Burn^ afterwards the first mis- 9»onary to Chma, travelled over the province.s, preaching everywhere he could, not so much as a Free Church man. as k great revivalist for which tT John MrT"'\'*"' hi.s faithful labors were 'greatly blessed to man,' Kev John McT ,sh preached in English and Gaelic and was a t-rcat mcceas. Rev. John McDonald also Rev. Thomas McLachla^^nd many others came. The rest.lt was that at the next meeting of the S^n J he thing was discussed, and they divided, 39 remaining with the rstab- hshment and 23 leaving and forming tl. . iMce Church of Canada. Mr. Thomas Wardrope, a student of Queen's. Kingston, who had not com- tunA .'^•^^*'"'■^^'»>"t^a^then teaching the Grammar school ju^t foundeu m Bytown, and united with the Free Church, and was ca lerf by that party to be pastor of Sandy Hill church, Daly street. He waf M m 11 -if. I'. ! ; *B't 'jty Of TRS OTT. TALUrV. onrt^med m ffSe Httlc stone church then owned by rtie Meth-Klists tr Upper Town as it was tht:n called) by the Presbytery of Khigsto,-, Jn7R"""M ''J'''"' that Presbytery, R.v. Mr. Gordon of (;.:..nc.qne. Tni IZ' 5f^^^"^^!:^,f B^kville, with Dr. Robert Bums from Toronto fJ^wl f Andrew Melville, just arrived hom the Free Church cf Scot-' and put the questions to the young minister, Mr. Melville oficred th, ordmat.on prayer, which Dr Burns afterwards commented on for it' peculiar excellencies, Mr. Smart gave the charge to the minister. Mr (xordon to the people. Dr. Burns took great care^ that everything wa^ one to avo.d the possibility of litigation. When the minister signified h.s acceptance of the call, Dr. Burns, at the proper time, requested Mr oS.d°fo^^h °"*:;'.'^\th« l^o"" *nd proclaim three times that if any ono FnaH«h o f °'-dmat.on he must do it then. The gentleman bci-v, English and from the Congregational Church originally%nd unacquaiT/ e. wrth the Scotch mode of procedure, returned^nd reported that he found no one at the door to address. The Dr. told him to go and mak' J r?^ T-^*'°.K ""!" ' ^^ ^°""^ "° «"'=' ^hich he did, and^returried to nntT^V ^'l other duties. In his address to the pastor he said yom J^ not to be a sheep h.ef stealing out of other men's folds. It was our^rk' lege to be a school-boy in By-Town then, and be p,«ent at this r^edng Fr J ?h^ V'^i' '"k^" "^ '^^ organization of congregations. The &S Free Church Presbytery formed here was that Sf Perth, and the ^ ?lTT 'V ^"1*5" ^^^- J^*^" Corbett. He had bwn cafcd to remark that reached hun, and he ran away to By-Town without^^ waTtakTn'to^t^f K '.k'T^'^^'^ °P.P^^^°" '^^^ quairficattns^S! had t^Zl.T^-^' the Presbytery for his predpitar>Jy. Mr. Wardmpe had to act as a kind of Epi.scopos, directing the movements of^h ministers as came his way, so Mr. Corbett wis s^f^o Wakefield an vyas accepted there. Mr. Wardrope moderated his caB J^^temard ' '* -"--'ther after tha and Mr. Fir - ,. ...^ Presbytery • o°nut [h. fl ^^P'' """ ''r\ ^'"S *^^^"^- It was the imial custom to put the .;=Hlary promised the minister in the caH. In twenty rears experience in t^.at Presbytery we never knew it tJtc JktVd Such a cTolh s a sm.l .n ^'^'^y'^'y ^'together. The sal^ w«i'foi,r humircd his \ r ro.-hT,^ n ' 1^^" ^^^y "'''^' ^'^^y-" '*^" ten dollar rolled up in much necXd 11, "1 "' •'""''"^' ^^'^'^ was thoughtful and kind, being S H 'n '" ?'^''>' ^*' ^^""y ^*" ^^r years, or during h s stay with them. The settlers were not wealthy for some years and th^ ^ rmrdo':^t r'^ ^^^'^^'^ ^r'' ^"^^"^ ^^^^^'^r^t^:: Sace uas ho-; ,1 f l Pronsions for young numerous families. The; Males V So; o of/h '"'"''^1" m 'T'"^ '°>'^^ ^''^i^^^s to her Britanici freSlv rno? n ,r ' '^ ■'^'f '^" ^■■^<^'^^^^- ^nd Curries, had co«»c| irequcntl> t not pictl, regularly to St- An.lr. vv's to hear th-- Rev Joha Cruickshanks in By To v«». For ti.c nc. »^^ U.e p^ J ii HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLET. *95 their b"r"lSl^^ -med always to do congregation and v^ry muctZthTZl f ^ ^T"' ^"*' "^ ^ood for the they always had a Rood workimr t« ^'^c ' '^'*7- ^"«= advantage are far worn Jikc Messrs Ti^Kenn^^^^^ f ^ " °^ '^""'^ ^^^ "^'^ ^ut nearly at an end J,ut their fidelitvtn^^^^^^^ ^^*^'^^ d^'V^ *••« cause, will soon h, fa morf th' n r.u ' h"" ^'""^ "*"*"" ^''"^ '''' ^'"^'■°"'' have died recently. tho.Xmany arc stin'lr'Ir ''^ a'!'" "u^ ^'"^'^ ^ome IS an e dcr in Hui Thnmoe c. ^^^^ *''^<^- Abraham Pritchard chard and the c a e loZtl^r^^ 'V''*'" "^out; his wife is a Pri seemtobewor.hyof'uc^apio^s^ncc"^^^^^^^^^ "". ^'"^ °"* *^^* excellent, soin)d and ffenerotis hoL^^S ^- . ^*^ "^"^^ ^^^"^ a"^' their wife, the greatest sHrftual and fomn. T'""*" -^"^ *^'^ ^•^'>' «"Perior met so many of these people eSers and^'^'P k '*>'• ""^'"^ ^ "'^^" soundness of views in rSniion ^^r^ wu'^ur'' *"^ knowing their can freely indulge in such wis ,7 %Z^ '^ ^^°^ ?^ '^^ ^amb. we scenery is picturesque in th^ extrrml Vu'^^ a desirable locality. The valleys. taMe lands^and p aL lakeTanS ^ ''"^ ^^t*' "^°""t^'n« and finny tribes, a rich divers^cd^ir^ ' w 1 "^'u' »b°""ding with the salubriousclimate.al thcsv nfhTnnl^^^^^ '^^'^' ^^^^^ ^««. hardy, intcll.gent an 1 bv he wl, P°''^'j'"" ^f » race of Britons; healthj^ Such isM.sLm: Can%LrnLfad°°TK^^ '^ Wakefiekj: road forced through so ro.urh ^^"^'^^^^erted The Gatineau Vattey raH- vice. It will ca rv f'eiH •I.^.H ""^'■^' '' supposed to be of gre^t s^r- plan, but thcrrL'^not ^ ch ?J'Sn."^'^'"'°''t'P^^^*'>' *^" the oW continues. ^'"^ ^'^ transport south 90 long as lumbering little\orrrn^roVs°ardTo;7ne'^o7the*'^ "Tk",^"^^ '''^ ^ -^» of the water will pcd,ans avera^. fi ? "'''''^.^*' '°^- ^he current get their frci^I.t quk .'Lrthev^wiU h^T''^\*"^"*;-. Merchants wfil unless they sell icar the Ottau^a pr ces C'^^ '"^ ^'^ ^ ""^ mornmg and make his purchases in hh.-. !. ''*" '^*"^* ^°W" « the The farmers used to keermanv hnrlc "*^ '"^ '■^^"•■" '" t***^ evening. •ng up Soods, then in t^Lr dr^^^'^'''^"' ^'^^•"•"&'*"*' «^^^ they did their farm work Thl^^ '"^ '°^'' ^^*'^ '" ^^^^ summer smiths get no such amount of h?r eX^em^rd^" ''^ "^•'' ^"^ '^»*^'^- slcigh-slioeing as formerly Manv w- l " ""^ "^^^^^^ repairing and are lamed down from 'he bn... 7 ^°''<'!^en are dismisscni, and things roa Is were almost dlble tracked^w fht ^'''' ^"-^"' ^^^" ^^^^ P">"*^ store^;ftSlJ?^^:^^- j^;:'-;^e ^ ' ^ ^ver bank with t.e veiv lately deceased a fine vonn^ ^^^^ '^*"^s «f his son-in-law Blair, hotel is l4,t bv INlr ivToore ^ XI ^'^^° **f '^■^^'y ^^^eemed. ThS Calvinist,c'Ep,scopall resides south'nfH''" n'^"'''^^"^- ^'^^- »«y^. » ed .-uKl fricndh gentleman who - ' ''^ ^'''' ^ ''^'■>' ^'^^ '"^•*-'"- ti>^^tdenonuna.s:'^:'s:;^i:it^^M^^^^;:i"j^f ^^*!j^ --^-^ -^ 'cr num, ro.;s f,<nn-ly still reside in he nhce Qhl"' "^ *"x? ^°"\^ •^ Hull, or Aviniei Above this o,M,^ ^. J ■ . ^''•'^'' ^" ^ady from ment. The fatl- r was a 4e^' a f ' TS ''^' '' '^^ °'^. McAfee settle- son in Alwin wa. not Ici'^so Tl c nn J. 1''' '" ru"',*^^"' ^^y^. ^nd his so. liic next place of halting is Farrelton I! tlh ' ^j^nW i T a m i Yilm- ii r LiafcZjJUjfej^ I I I 196 HISTOHY OT Ttn OTTAWA VALLIY. ( f directly north of Mr. McGoey's home, with a fine atone Catholic Church. South of this is a scattered settlement penetrating into the h-lls taking up such lands as are arable, and with what aid they get from the lumber ing, carvinp out a livinpr as best they can. The girls as thev grow up come to the city and - •■ employment in various ways, and the boys go to the "UnitCii Statv ^ in many, if not most cases, thus depleting the country of its vigorous healthy young citizens, to build up a fortune for themselves, whilst they make as far as they can a prosperous country for our neighbors. We have in these hills iron, phosphate and mica. Wc dig no iron now, nor phosphate, but what comes with mica and the latter is not taken out .so briskly ?.s some time ago. What is the matter ? No market. War without peace in tariffs, has shut the markets. Would A typhoon or a cyclone wake up our government? The Karly settlers of Wakefield and Masham were nearly all raised ?.m\ trsined in the Irish Presbyterian church, one of the best schools for forming the minds of o.'derly Christians. The Scotch element was small but good. The congregation was .-jelfsustaining from the first. There was no Home Mission fund to draw on and no station to associate them with but the shatjties above them and the new formations of setl ments. Grou ^ing congregations was the plan to secure a living to the minister, but they had no station available. The modern plan of grouping in some cases is to secure the more money from the Home — ission, or the aug- ment.n'io!! funds. Mr. James McLaren's milling, store-keeping and manufacturing, broii'T't in a goodly nuttiber that still remain and give good aid, but Mr. Da\ id McLaren has moved his family to Ottawa since his father's death, which diminishes the number in attendance. The Episcopalians and Methodists have churches in these villages in a flourishinf; condition. The whole rcjjion of country is well adapted for summer residences and for tourists and pninters. They could hardly light on a spot that would not afford a skctcli- of scenery worthy of the' best developed talents. The scenery on the Kaltimore & Ohio, the Panhandle, the Catawissa and the blue ridge of Virginia arc greatly admired, so arc the hills of New Hamp- shire, the green mountains of Vermont and the Banks of the Andro- scogan, but we question if any of these 'could take the palm from the Gatincau country hills, b.kes and streams for over a hundred miles. We have not crossed thr Rockies, but we have seen nothing so wild in all states this side the father of waters as to excel the beauty of these northern acclivities. Health seekers will soon discover that it is the land for them to visit. Its si)lendid springs, fine lake fishing, and shooting in the moun- tain.s, the healthy nutritious vegetables, and the mutton and beef, turke.\s. geese, ducks, and poultry of all kinds, with fresh eggs, milk and the best butter and cheese are enough to attract in great numbers. Houses of rntcrtainment are plentiful, but ere long far superior struc- tures will be prepared, and their visitors and occupants will not be few. Then the doctors must not be left out. To begin with Chelsea, which is fairly among the hills. Dr. Davies stands so high in his profession with all that know him, that it suffices to say that he is physician to the Ki-.g of the Gatincau, who has deservedly passed on him the highest encomiums. The doctor is a hard working man, with wide range of travel and a vast !!»!&. HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA V..LLEt. ' fW ivc res, ccUbilu, >( her ancestry. They have at Wakefield »r Stevenson, a son of elder Thomas Stevenson; whoj Kood -%ld la Jv .f fur ^nH iL'^ ''"'' '" ^''V^*^"'" "f t»^e multKude. Fie is favorably kno>Sn far and near as an excellent and H SKfe and ^kitful uractitior.'r Th^ honest wellestablishcd reputation of these physicians Ses it safe for s^n.p^ers who may have to consult them. We :,otel. r>f Mr MooJe and Mr. Dunn and others at C h#»lHe.a anA m«- i u ' ' " '*""''t- •»'•" Pcchc furnish the b«t enLuinment "' -'"^"•^'""^ *"^ °*'^" *' Our first visit U this region above North Wakefield was maHr on 'r^ro^tp:nt:'Vet 'thfr'"'^"^ '^V^^^ in company :!', Tohn'"co;beu" B onU TJ f\r r ''y ''''■.'"*'* *^"' between Farrels and old Mr .Un?,^lu ^^f.f»th^r of the .uultitude of that name now settled round en^tWd ? '''*'' I" ^r"- ;^^" "'^' Rcntleman and h fjood old u3y a we wc e on a m'ission ^ fl"^ "''^''-^ '•'-;^"^*^^ ^" ''^' any^remuncration as we were on a m ssion to the upper settlemciit.s. Many of these neoole were our old neighbors. HaMng spoken before a great aud ence n ou r boyhood or college days, nnd been reported to the papers in rather ro colored style by a young (riend wi.o now lives in N v^Ed nburT- A notice that created a summer's controversy between the Bytow.. p-lnerC a poetic defender referred to vis as the boy preac^r WhCrhe U S GatMieau people heard of the boy preacher being available for a i^.t rn?nn:'?/'''''"r''^'"^°'"^"^'^''^''""t° come ^and per^d some S among them. We were in the habit of playfully sneaking of our frln J and travelling companion as the vicar. ^ Well^hr^i aT r°ode a PorTv argnofcourse. than a Cot.swold sheep, with a profu.se decoration of lia r J he little fellow ambled along at the Irishman's ''th:ee feet galU" and aFraJh"c'.;d-' ^?^' ''"'^T' '^"«^»^>' '-- a "Messenger'' ^Se and a 1 rtnch-Canadian dam. He was a very fast but roiich trotter tinner" *° °"' ^^° ^""''^ '^' ^"'^ ^"^' ^''^"^^ a ^cat p"«: Lowe then was a forest with few patches cleared. In rainy weather t IS vet very deep and dirty in places; then it was nearly m^irie one held the^horses at the gully whilst the other got through on Cs' and roots. One horse was sent thrcugh and caught by the fir." nu, tht o cr sent after at a safe distance'and follow^-d noUoo ct> ek by h^ m S h^r^nH V'" •" k" ^"'■^'^ half waded, half swam, the taHo^ne threw « n d high and far m his passage through. The saddles had to be care fully wiped with leaves to allow a remSunt. sometimes wc took the nar- row path round these deep pits, through the tail brush pu sh i n . thro L'h nr^nTr ^ ^?' ''" %"l 'l''^^ perpendicular rock, w th our ''.oe 1 ek ofton^n^'h i f^ ^^M^^^^ ^"•■■''^' *° '^^'^■•P f--"'" l^^i"V rubbed on- I^ e often flashed from the shoes as the horses climbed the steep rocks We reached the G. mour farm and took tea with Mr Lunam now an" elder near Canripbell's Bay. a very aged man by this time but 1 11 hvin We reached the Hamilton farm before dark and spent the night i ^^a sery hospitable coVc with no family. Mr William' Leslie and h s wi e a Mis^s Gibson from Ma.sham. A few settlers like the Keelcys ChrmbcHa n. Gab.es. were thmly drawn out along the road from'stag cTeck and ;?!?■ 198 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. iK t>resi^?^Jl^<!r"?h'*'^',?"'^ ^^"^ '^'^^"^ ^^*^ ^^ "^tural stone bridge The o. h,s life, his spiritual weato h sTreasuA- U ' *? '"'5 «"'"'• *« "*= .or those who ^ould not admit hr^a^ftorty"" hTn'pi^rSTT Jove of freedom and develonmpnf WTi^-ul l-/lt. '"spires with thft i^ed races would descend frCm the fai^a^d TelVh^ "''^ ^'T'*^ r^' ment, to the feted, dismal deTp swamns nf Wl^^ ""'^'T f^ «"«&hten, it is to rerei. e its bi^ inc Author W^ barbarism. Truly to receive calitv of that Dcc iUnr frl^^ TK *'°"''* "**' "®^ PO'nt o»»t the lo- Mon. h.t natu "his kindly S™;;t1,?;e?c''; :„Td'o^h'S^r "t^ waste with balm of Gilead and r^r^^Ur. 7^^"?' and clothed the naked bcautv .)or value thei^rticcessorf^^^^^^ *° "^*^ "^'t^^r i" Mr. James Robb, whose wife is a daujTht»»r of tti^^-tu c ron, „„.chased the est port.o:, of tl?.Sr„°^'^I^fTl'™"^ Steven- Dro.ne,s the .est pat. lio.h these fa,„ilies-we;:";;:^"ob,i^T„g'and f HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLET. accommo;^atin- Wc held meetings on Sabbath afternoons and week evemngs m the school house on their lot. From this in the break-lol the roads we vyere taken to visit a sick man np near Thorn and havin^I come on wheels without our furs in the sunshfne, Mr Marks generously wrapped us ,n his huge coon coat and at 3 o'clock in the morning after the roughest of drives that we remember, we reached the home and foun th.Mn,nates old hearers from Ashton. Simpson by namT VVe talked ong and pleasantly. We had to ^rite his will, havinffsome vo^ S ^An^ '"'' '"'■ ^f- ^" ''r'^^ ^"^ ^^ understand'heTstill Xe A t^rs .^ tfe" ill J^c '" o''''^^ ^'' '^'''.^ M^'-S^ ^^"^^^y °^^°"^ and da'^gh^ ters in the vilUgc. One son married a Miss Pritchard and has built a &^'";^7M^#^" The other sons are farmers and mecha ncs mingarouml Ml. ..hipmansithe last house on the north side Mr new su^on."' ""'''' ''°" '" ^°"^ ^°^ ^°"^^ ''^' ^^ commenced at the The railway gives such accommodation to travel that these mt^r barg" ins'^T Hnds^'^'TF^^^.^' ^'^ ^'^^'^ coming tf^^tvnT; WelCt'on St J; tI' '' ' ^r"" *^' "°"'?'''>'' '^ ^'■^^»"g ^^rowds on Wellington street They must encourage the growth and make the vJl lages meet soon though they be on the sandy^plains wheTe the dcHd ^nes are swept off in the early winter for fuel, a^nd the blueberries So so abound m their proper season and time. Going west from the railwav TthrKS'' '''' ^""a: '^^^^^t.L^-^f-d Creek, /branch or a tr b "J of the Ka/ubazua. Along this creek the road runs for miles Tl^^ settlement is pretty old for that part of the country Sh pman is ^ grandson of the Shipman, the first owner ofa millon-^hefal S.n nte 60 years ago. vvhen Wylie was Ion.- the only storekeeper ii Ram sTvlr that place, both reputed honest and honorable men ntleir times' .u employments. The Wiggins are connections of the ocaT prS..; oJ Aylwm Honeys are related to those of the city The MrKfn Mitchells :lCamerons from that side also Thf Mil7ords f^on^ w' ey and the Hovvards and Hodgins are from Fitzroy. Then you ha 'e the Mmors John.stons, Jamiesons and Cluffs, all from O i^tnr o n,H farther southwest the Simpsons from Ashton. The fa m^ Iru m>-s ' ^ good bu.lG.ngs, respe-table, and the fields generally i a .no\i ^T ^^ cuk,..t,on .Crops oflc- fine, hay in all thf ^% of h^ dy .^ jl^!^ t xery abundant, oats, bar ey rye even snrincr u;hl-,f ar. 1 i ■ '^''^'"^^ '- be made profitable crops c^ t^: d^S^a^^t S^ . c H;;^"v;nr Ih-s kind of country gives the greatest facilities for vmkv.W^ uZ ^kh •out which the fairest soils under the sun do not yield he Scn^ h A species o ti le for which there is ample material coulcT be 1 Aie^^^^^^^ covering a drain hollowed in the centre, say ten inches widrtulnf'r earth fiimg. Should .: en .start industries of this kind to advant- n^ t\l farmer and pay the tilemaker. and develope the resources of he ?oiln ^\^^^t'TH:' '"?"r'"^ ^'^^^ ''''''''' clev:;-:don'7iom''t uiu oearen paths ? 1 he number ess streams, outlets nf mnnt-].. i 1 hat with swift currents have cut deeptheir channd Saving iT f du' ties, surely the genius of the people, stimulated by A".-^' '"„ '^i" :'-!'': be^madTfl^^A"'^ the provision to supply the demand. "Such a lile cmS be made flat on each side, say about two ir.chcs, to lie on the ear h ba k 900 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. I ii: I 5^i| coufd b^e pLr/olrtwo or.f;fe "■ '."= rf''^- ^^e centre of the be m condition for cultiv'atinrrfu,.^ „.„li '^''.y'"'^^'^- ^ he fields would changed and the resut^oTSul.:^^;^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^ -^^ of three or four hundred aceot"^^^ ""'' ^ a M.ss Adam., own a farm rocky pasture that can IvJrh^ ,^"^^ thousands of acres of TheMcConneiraret.kemostofth' '^''^ '' ^°"*^'"« '"i"-'"^!- though many o her eopTe are L I ^^5"^^" ^'"""^ *'^'^"^' "^^'^hcrn Irish, He was sick";.]] thrfist wintc?u"4ocnt^ ''■^''' ^'^ ^"^'^"^• honored cider in the cone c -atim X T """'^ ^^'"^ ^ ^'"^^hy and most favorably imprest ii^hHK^'Xli^'''" 7T °'''"" ^"^ ^^""^ upright Christian principles Mr vl? . 'i?''^ "^ "^*^"' character and Ireland for a nobleman there do n^^ .^ooh'k '"^' '"""' '" '^^" ""^^'^ ^^ England, making sales of cSle and ilJ hkt ^l' '"!""»: ^''"'"'""^ °^^^" ^° When they came to this q,a?te' hey bought" hffi'" T "" "'^?"'^ at. Will the day of thesHoro^^i •! ' .tT.^^' ^'' tormenters laugh farmers forever to be the herrd? r, T f^^ ^^i^' come ? Or are the Well, we think Mr McCon^S V ouTd be": T'" ^^^ ^^''^'^"^ '""^^^^^'•^ ? Londonderry as the indepTmlem freehoM. FJ ^' secretary for Lord with an estafe free for ever whirh n^^^ '^°""^y °^ Ottawa, dependent fortune H s 4nn th ^^ ^1^"^' ^^"'^ ^c worth an in! a great boon, a very fine tlfi ^ Mr^M^^ " n"-*'^' ^^.^^^^ ^°"J^ ^^ Her retiring nature nrevent'^ Ikm- f,-r.,v, k • ^i ^"^"^^ted but tramed. writers. A^he urgc.^t^ta^^Itl^V, o' ^r tX„'d"rrerd"mI ^^^'^^^ her pieces-paintings of events and occurrenres in th. ^""T "^ which were true poetry reallv hra.i^.f.M tk ,. ^"^ surroundings, of the most higbircst?crred L -tr; <^i' ^^^' T'T^^ "^^* ^^'^r^^^ ^ome only in the '^U- /J^^i^'Xw ?-^. Zl^^ -' elastic and ecstatic states of min(i whe, thl :;ffl ! '" .^^eir brighter, more felt and acted upon. ''TheT/ri^r'of S 7ot Mo^r^^^^^^ Th'. 'ijft Senecharib ' or "lord J nrhin^^r" . ,'■'""" moore , The FaH of modest pic ^s that few have va u'ax? Sh^ °m"^'""i ^*^"^*^ °^ ^^^ appear but at the urgent reqi^est ofS^ 'husband 1^' '^''' 't^ ^* genius or Burns in vvorking ,p litt^i occurrences th- - resembles the do, but that scarcelv anA- but those rxiftedrn^SvV ^^- °"'' ""'^^^ The poetic vein is admirabh. h f \k! fi • ^ particular line ever c m. husband in his feeble halth It n L^' ?"^"^^^ "*r^ bestovMed o« her respect and esteem of every' ^ne ' '"^''""^ *"'^ commanded the to be shut ofr,roi":io-;;LTh^;i^z^r4; °;L"t^^ji^^^ -^ '-»t3as. HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 201 - wefarr^^a^do^^^^^^^^^ cirdes they, .i,ht for the good of some even Znyf^Hf""'"'"'^?, ^"^ ^^' '' "^^^^ ^e large rowboat for a ferry buTth^ hi nl ^^ ^'^^ ^^^'^- ^^^y '"^^^n^ a take loads up and down Th^ L ""^ n^'^ '''^^P '" ^^e winter to swift. Therl are several phces wherfr'""^ ^°°'^,."^ '^' ^"^'•^"^ '« "°t the cost to the fanners wouM hi u^^"''^''^°"^^ ^^ bridged, but lessly in debt by SI squanderin/o''^ ^'"P *"^*^^ P^^^'"^<= ^^ hope- thing can be expected^of ?hem^r.v ^'^^^"l politicians, that no such able plan as the money mustTn th^?"'""'^"^ ^'^ '^ ^^^^y^ ^ qu^stion- the people, and on the^in^"rec imhl T^ '^" '^""^ °"* °^ ^^^ P^^-^^'^^s of long trained into, ani they are so .f.i ^'f "' ^^^ P^^P'^ ^^^^^ been so that it costs ther^ now three h-- - "°^^° ^^^^^^^^^ directly as directly. buMheyar^ so rL'^'^""''- *° H""''^ *^^ "^^*"« i" be induced to look at thefrVwn interest '"^VJhTt'^f '?^ '^^>^ ^^""^^ blmdcd are they by party nre^.Hir^ -fl! *^^^ °^ *h^"" country so conduct yet each c^uOes^ore self im^j; "" ^T "° ^^^^«" ^°^ ^heir can give a reason. ^ self-importance than twenty men that in the^da^s'o'i-rstlgo" ' Wrr:^ar"?d^i*.^ *^' ^l^^- ^ ^^ -"S-gatio« that field where such men were mn^hn? a^ ^ "primus inter pares" in duce the best of crops and ralleS^hfr^'^' ,«e knows how to pro- time when the grasshopper become. .K °I *^^"l^' ^"* ^e is near die themselves and those tfflooToTo?th"/'^'"'7^"'l'^!^*'"°"S ™^" ^^^ a man of extensive readinp^^anH fh I. windows be darkened. He is jcctsandisveo^socialtdfspo^^^^^^^ «" "^ost sub- pnnciples is extensive but hi? hio° .^^J^ acquaintance with religions freeflUofconvSon?nH^'l",^'t5^^^^^^^ '"« against tbe "meetings. There is nothing °"^'^' ^'"^ ^ ^°°^ ^^^1 •'" the church readin^is from he bes° source 'on h .^h' T''^^''^ ^^^"^ ^im. ut i' large enough to lovThirnei?hhn^?'''^?r'" Politics and his heart fervently. 4 andhis wffe te thf rnn'^r^ f"? ^'^^ ^ P"*"^ ^^^^ Christians we had the niersnri. of h ^ enlightened and devoted field. When in his vigor he '^usthavfh^'^""^^^^^^ "^•««'°" * very superior woman ^ ^^^" ^ '"^'^^^ "^a" as his wife is f^^aS^elrl:^^^^^^^^^^^ Heney. a com- on the old Hamilton farm He ha. h^I ^r"',"'"^ Sergeant Brock Shetland ponies, very pretty and fi„!^mT successful in raising a stock of farm occupied b«wee„^KazabLuf " nd h?«*^r'"u '^^''^ '*' ^^' °"« Red an elder in the church at Ay I w?n oSy'one , ""^t' ^''' ^°^^^' Mr. Reid's family. West of Mr rT^^L *. ^ °"^ daughter survives of lawd is good, -fhe first^rm fc .k ^^^^5^^ towaras the new railroad the cW*r in the church, a manTf yery'l h^/Jn • ^°^-''" ^^^^^^' *" ^^'^^^^^^ His kindly wife i. a Mi^ Nelson^/ .?'^?°''^'°" *"^ * ^'■"sty friend. Nelsor« ^Nepean T^ey havr a fi""" ,^*.^f«"^. * connection"^ of the The eldest sonTmarrJd^h.f^^^/^^'y °^ ^«"s and daughters WakefieW in ?hl McETre; «?. ""'1^'^^^"'=' ^'^'•^'•«^"- A son^ s S ^m o« the next rang^M? Mo7;is'o"n "T""''/' ^^^J" ^^^"^^^ ^bo,^^ On one side of *h., Ja._ a ... °''"°"' 'Y'^^ and some fine hcalthv hox,. --law Mr. McCamblyrwi^VanT^firknH^" ''"t°"^^>'' ^:^>'- ^^^^^' fa'ther'^ uiy, wjie and granddaughter. Miss Cooke, are very •f: 902 HISTORY or THE OTTAWA VALLEY. ^^u^\x 9?\'t°?, "^ ^'- McCamblv is on the same clearing. Farther north, Mr McNally and large family inclining to learning and teaching btephen O.r. brought up in March, moved and settled there with a larJk tam.y. He is in good circumstances. Mr. John McAfee and a larje family of sons and daughters, some of them settled around him, an honest old couple they are. One son is a blacksmith in the village bome other mechanics occupy the village. All of them keep cows. Hay is easily procured ujich is a great convenience betimes. On the south s^e of these ,s Mr. Molyneaux, whose brother fell in the American Civil ]]^''^''i'l^°^%ff^\^'^[^^r untiring efforts, got a pension from the U nited bt^tes. He has been twice married and has a larrc family. Mr. Knvm IS another farmer close by. Then Mr. Bigley. with three bcauti- ul g.rls and some fine boys. A Mr. Draper from March went early to locate in that quarter with a large family of sons and daughters, most of them married, such as Mrs. Graham, Mrs. McConnell, Mrs. Wigans. Rnn P 1 ; u °^^ '^'^a"°^k, has a store in Wigan's place. 'But Mr. Ben Keid has been the leading business man in the place, with a large family of sons and one daughter married, and residing in the city. The H?nr-?' ?''!*u*^^'''^'■"'^"^''"^'^^'^"^ ^'^ ^^•■v successful too. fn J / 1 ' i' ^ u"* ^^"^ """'^^ ^*''"' ^^ '^"^^^ ^^^'•e. 'evef from end to end and not broken by rocks and mountain.s. W. Reid, his brother is a ThZ""!; ^"L ' ''*''-'' ^^^?l'^"t wife was taken from him some time' ago. 1 hey had three sons and k daughter. She is Mrs. Dr. Gordon, a very beautiful and good woman, with nice children. The Doctor is a very successful physician, stands deservedly high in his profession, and is also a kind worthy, friendly gentleman. W. McConnell is now very ad- round .ho, '^h'' ^"'i^^' '*^^?' '°"' ^"^ daughters married and living round about him. A fine settlement is beyond the river opposite Ayl- of M^;.h ?f T' ^^""^f ""/' Mulligans, sons of Thomas Muhigan ot March who died lately form part of it. Then further south is Mr. Quinn ZIm "^.^.•••^^h th-^ugh mica mines, sold at a fine advantage. Oppo- ?^nl /'.?"'"" '''''''^^".^P''"°P*''^^^^gy"^*". ^ho went ho.ne to En- land at 70 or more and brought out a young wife. We believe he ?s mS^rK J^Tl' *" '"'^""^ '" ^^*^ "^«*" between them, where a bridge might br tretched across to great advantage. and ;in.i;'n*^\'-^S'''^ur*'-*' ^^^^^^ '^"''"^ ^^^ ^'^'"^ substantial farmers and generous, kind, obliging men. One of their sisters, an industrious young woma.i^^is married to Mr- Moody, a connection of the Moodysin Some ^.^n?f^?n*"; l^^^ ^T^" "^^^ ^^e Pickanock on fine land. bome beautiful hills stand round in sight from Aylwin. The place is - paradise for health. What John McMahon said^of Aylmer to a newi;. come resident « very applicable to this region : "Aylmer is a very nltr^I ^° P"*"** '''^" ^'^^ ^""''^ y*=t." In our excursion there ^^fn. f l^^'] *^° '^'^ '^'■'''^ "P '" * bark canoe and landing on the hZl.^r^^^ '"' """T* '\^^'' ^''*'*"™' ^<^ ^^ » ^holc fleet of both bark and log canoes after the service in a little log church. Mr. Thos Mull.gan invited an present to dine with him and have a service after- wards. We sailed up. and Mrs. Mulligan, a very kind, hospitable ladv, m^ftton ;ir' fi"^' 'P ""^^^r P°^*'°" ^^ '^^^^ growth, and Down' mutton, with a fine varietv of all oth«.r ooqH fhi..rr. »•« „,k:„k :. j. j to us, they did very ample justice. After the larie crowd "was servS HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLET. ?hVn^l^'"^,:7dt?t?\^^ outsJe for" want of JT ■n the schooIhousn.^o sfoo "nTh;:'^'' '^^"^ '" darkness found ^^v modat.on as possible, but whLn thi'derks '"' '^°''''"^ ^ much accoS^ t^ieir was hm.ted standing roorn for fh. .'^^'i^- ^^^^''^^ ^'th youtS I height was one dip afii?o n hL 7"^' ""'^J^*^*' from the banoe^' veryunercstingtom^e;^?^';^;''^,^^'"^ •:-''g^'ous hght. but i? w?s sustained bv the ra.Mc T ,' °^^ acquaintances No ;,!; tf %'u. v/as't:.re';; , abtt'th? ^.T ^^1, ^•'^--' old ^M^^Dfap;" Pl<-^'^sant at the close as^we scatter^ Uo J''", ^'"'^"''"-^ ^^''e long aid 'Host lasting impressions werc^ ^ado .? '"■ "l"'"^^ ^"'^ ^^e nigl)t. ^ Thf r^ranleMfofthesccerv Hir- rU < ■'°" "^ '">' ^^^t visit The wuS t'lc-m far and near to the mcotina., .1 „*^^ settlers that brouHir ^ettlf ment is the little ch."hi?,;,","""^'^ ,»"<' such like. North of ,2 «<i^^ it a Scotch faraify Cram frl H*^ "/"j Episcopal church and ^ with a large hmilv. SmuJlTj^'''^'^''^ ''«'<>". » successful farm„ ^t»npr for whori we si^ne naners t? "^ ''j' ^^^oolhouse is J,^ annlyofsonsanddauehters Th^ ! -.^""'S*". and has a fiiJ F^«t^;^?:?^nSiSlF?^---"?o-£;^ t-^ most movements and enterpdsl i tl- p"-^'^'^ ^^'' ^'^'^ ^ vLlhy was a wido;v' VVnVht H.e ^ 5 ^* *hc PicKanock. His fire*- •/ a-steroi .Mr, Ha"ev "ho7Zi'"^ P"T""^"''= *« a Mfs^M^^t ^^'o:e::f;;;;:;:-ti^S~H"--u- :.'S,™=;-';", one tailor on,; "oler?t« ''so''-'"";,"'' ."^ '^^■•p'™^ « it.iout deeds can neither set the ,l,"„!i ,?°',""^ '''»' built on this lot ° S .„ I ™ ^ "«o„able sum for ,ndem„itv for Th^ " ''"'?' *™ ''»"»« i<e to leave hiin. He has on^„„!i """y '<>' 'heir outlay when thev .f-Js at Aylwin, where wTg^atelvS h.w" ^-^P'^^'^-" with'^thc lh.s w,ll make it lively at Aylwin A^p'ill^;!?..*"^^ harness shop. "'■ ■^*^' ^"""'"g "^»rly parallel. One on'the west ^^7""' ,^,"^''S*^ *• '"cbi IS Dy a lake called 404 HISTORY or THE OTTAW^k VALLEY. }1 u.. the Blue Sea or a series of lakes- The other is more or less on. the river bank. Take which you wiW you would soon, like the Yankee, wish you had taken the other. The country is thinly occupied on both sides. Mr. Ellard has not encouraged a village around him, perhaps for the reason that there is one a mile or two from him. He has a little Episcopal church near him. But there is a large Catholic church in the Victoria village close by. The Grace store and post office seems the principal store but there are many workshops, and the village has the appearance of cleanness, activity and thrift about it, a pleasant place to drive through. Beyond this is a long range of country considerably broken but oc- cupied. Sometimes the residents are in sight of each other, in other parts not so near, and the vision obscured by hills around which the road takes many a wind and turn. We observed some very pretty young white oaks at intervals in the sides of the highway, which we greatly admired as we rode past. Why do farmers and others neglect to plant and cultivate oaks, hickories, elms and maples on the roadside ? A gentleman remarked of a young lady visitor, who found some of his family indisposed, and took an interest in helping them to convalescence, that she was not only useful but highly ornamental. These trees would be decorative first of all and farms would seU better if their borders were so fringed with these vigorous growers. Then their lumber would be of great value in time We could point out some oaks that a friend had taken great care of and that have grown rapidly in late years. They have not all grown alike but some of them in forty years, from rods, have become fine trees 50 to 60 inches girth a foot above the ground. One of these would rip up into a great many pieces for a carriage-maker or the sidings of the but cuts would ma - the choicest pannelling for win- dows, doors, wainscotting for dining-roorns of solid stone houses. Build- ings that with people of understanding must become a thousand times more popular than prejudice has suffered them to become hitherto. Mapk s in a few years would become as valuable as milk cows in spring time. Plant gentlemen I You cannot regret it in a country stripped for fuel and denuded by forest fires, of its wealth and glory, amd guard against fires as you would your fields of ripe grain. On the wayside beyond Victoria, in a 'little square enclosed on three sides, stands a great cedar cross where we are toW mmns'^ prayers were said in times past. It seems to have fallen into disuse; one arm is gone and the rest looks very dilapidated, almost ready t© fail. It suggested the story told of the Duke of Gordon, and an old tenant of his who came to plead with him against his bailiffs who had been giving Sandy endless trouble. The Duke was out when he called, but the Duchess being a lady of great excellency and kind-heartedness invited the respectable looking old farmer to watt till the Duke came in. The Dukes of Gordon are said to have been very happy in their marriages. Well, tlie Duke came in and heard of the old tenant's trouble and promptly promised redress. Then the kind Duke kwited hini to stay aaid dine,' an invita- tion which he thankfully accepted. So after dinoeir the Duke took him to see the rooms and in one apartment was an image of a saint, for th« Duke had not yet joined the Refermers, so the oW farmer asked for ex- -,.u;-,u T .J T\..l-_ y j^vMu i.^aB.c nccsy gave mm, aircgmg Lclosed on three HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLET. m; worship was not of the saint, bat to get her intercession. Ah ! said the old Reformer, that was gist my trouble. I gaed to little Sany Gordon and to muccle Sany Gordon, and if I had na come to yer Great Grace yer sel, i would ha I een driven out of house an hame. Go to Christ h.msel never mmd tna interlopers." The story runs that the Duke took tne matter into consideration and joined the Reformers forthwith. If the prayer reached the proper place it matters little about the rotting stick- |?rcat benents will result to the earnest petitioners accordingto His riches in glory. The watering places are abundant, not to be driven through as m some parts but where you dip your pail and refresh man and beast. 1 eamsters neariy all carry their pails with them. We have seen where a pi-e has been laid in a bank and connected with a box where a supply was kept up the year round at a very trifling expense : A wooden box pipe 2X2 inside with an iron pipe to connect it with the box or watering trough. 1 he water runs over and down the ditch of the road. It is a great accommodation, and calls forth the gratitude of most travellers Having taken voii past these artificial wells that exist in our imagination but whose origmals in nature are abundant for the openincr up we take some pleasure in bringing you to the habitation of a Scotc hman a Mr liean, whose store and post office you pass, and whose little children are among the prettiest, most sprightly, intellectual and kindly, we have met with for their years and opportunities. Mr. Bean has lost a first and .econd wife and is still a young man. He is very successful in trading having spent years in Montreal and gained a varied experience, he came here and established a busmcss and a reputation. Jt is a little Presby- terian settlement. ^ .U^ lu?''''' ^Ju'"*V^' ^""^ ^^'^ Thompson brothers are across the river a so Wilsons, Shonid,ces and others. Fifty people could be convened at 7 p. m. on babuath evenings, of the most attentive hearers. Two or three miles brmg you past as many dwellings and a French hotel and > ou reach Mr D. Brock's, a fine old gentleman c,; few words, being du of hearing. Mrs. Brock and Miss Brock arc among the most agreeable and energetic of that whole region. The snow-white table linen, the .tast.y-serycd-up viands, and the good grace with which you wei^e in- vited would create an appetite independent of the roiling hills, the Cas- cades, the wild woods, and the muscular exercise in steadily holding voi'r seat secure behind your nettled steed. This is the place, say travellers, for the best dmner on the road. It will be a grand place for summe; tour.ss as there can be no healthier spot on the American continent. Here the valley begins to widen on each side of the stream Mr. James Wright, who when a boy at school, was for years our TrT, ^°°'" ",*^'g^;^or, occupies with some of his brothers a most pleasant stretch of and, on the eart side. The Wrights, Clellands and Grants and some others have their fine farms on the plain, stretching miles in length and .sonie depth to the hills which embosom them on the east north and south, while the valley dips towards the west to the rive^ bank The soil is alluvial, deep, and fertile. Mr. James Wright lost his excellent wife some time ago, and has no family except by adoption. We made reference to the Gordon name above. 'We had a Jr^nrhrlnth.. Mary (cordon on the paternal side and a grandmother, Rebecca Gorrion on the maternal side, whom we never saw, but they are reported to us I ^i f • •i ■ 1 J,sf^ ?l' >' w 300 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. •a h;»nner been the most earnest Christians in their conjrrraations. Two !l!ir^/^f ^'■'''",'^^*^'''''I^^''^-^°'">G"''do" a"° Ja'"t-« Gordon, sound intellectual seccders, and so liberal and so far removed from WmAry> .s to be church-wardens in the English churches in ihnr parishes, Prcsby- terians being sometimes the majority. This onhr of things kept peace on the detested tithe question which they were through long ages com pe ed to endnre. They were Whigs, hard, levcl-hea.ied. admiring a policy which Chatham, Burke, Fox and Sheridan and other great intel- lects were not ashamed of. Call them foal-eaters if you will, hut ev en rat soup was a luxury before the boom was broken in the Foyle below the maiden r,ty. They hailed the advent of Dutch William and that rarest and best of princesses, who.se true history has yet to be given to ^hereading ^v'orlcl. Motley calls special attention to the battered helnut of Williams (in the Netherlands), whose stingy Queen would not replace it by a new one. 1 he Gordons from Aberdeen and their friends of thoso times endured many a privation, suffered many a hard blow and lost many a fine colt and fat steer, in turning lands into smiling gardens an-i fields of verdure and fertility, on the inhospitable slopes of the black, anl till their coming, barren north of the Green Isle We are grateful that we can look back to men worthy of so much honor who were lovers of freedom almost to idolatry. We look in vain or perfection m any man but the men of this name havr obtained as high a position as any others in all the walks of lite, literature, legislation and religion in the empire. Lord George said some hard things against the Governmerit of his day and against the French Queen but he w;is not then himself his great talents were blighted and he deserved bctLcr treatment than he received. Had an OUver not the despotism of his times and compe ed respect at home and abroad for the name of an Englishman; had William not taught them toleration and lifted them to empire and above the fear of enemies, England would have been to day a fourth-rate power instead of holding the destinies of the nations in her hands as she does. The Gordon of our day who has only touched our soil IS proving himself to be among the most elevated of intellects and the best ballasted of .statesmen. The wisest and most talented and yp- rigiit goverriment on earth, under the most^powerful and best beloved of sovereigns, m choosing su<<i a man to govern the Dominion, has said to the world : "This is the man the British Empire delights to honor. He has thus far shown that he »s worthy, and there is not a man in this Do,n- imon uho has seen him heard him or read of him, but endorses the wisdom of the choice and delights to honor the man as the most fit and suitable for the situation. It is also very gratifying to see in the press o( our neighbors that they hold the same estimate of the noble Earl of Aberdeen. 1 hen the Countess of Aberdeen is the image of health and happiness, so humane and so queenly, so gifted and so affable, with the endowment that would grace an Empress, and yet the gentleness that so deeply sympathizes with the daughters of toil, that she can without descending, in.spire their minds and teach them how to better their con- ditions and rise with the progress of civilization and refinement. Of this magn;ini.nous self-denying Countess it may be truly said in the words of a uistiiiguishca nobieman : HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLET. "Polite as all her life in courts has been, And good as she the world had never seen." TO/ tTie mot dilni'^r.h '" '^'■"'"•\''*^ ^^y- ^"•' ^'^"^ ourselves were we on the most distant of these now within our range of vision perched on its loftiest mountain summit, could wc see other worlds as V^r beyoncrtlm? and wlTerever'wlT °"'' ''^'^ ' ^l'''' '" "'^^•t^^^'' direction we roam -oes o starrv wnrM ""/,7'''' ""'"P'^^^l «P^^« "^cupied by archipcla- Sloriol m .2 tTie rir K ^ T^^' '^u'^^""'' inconceivably infinite' and fafn ? How MfiniMv ^X^^''"\ *^" *^"^"^" "f Heavens' cannot con- hLtBein?rinrLn?^''*'^*^'^r'^/"."""I't'"" ^''^ ^^^ perfections of il^t tho e^w^ l^.v^f. ;r "°""t'^'^« i^t l^ast by us) millions of intellccis qual fv them fn .h^ ^ attempted to describe, bring them togellu r, confer thernn. ^^'P-'^'me vvork of government and providnuiali; their Lwamon/n."'' T ''"'^ deserving of such favors ! Wc hail tneir advent among us as a luminous epoch in the history of our voun? excrnTaua^iHe^?'"^;",;^'' '"" ^'^' ^"^ adequate dcsxrl^ltion 0?!""? would be ?h.mo\? ° ^"" J"'''"^ ''' ^^'^''' '^^''"'^ ^"d their hearts, it would be the most luminous page in ourfeeble effort to write a correct history of the Ottawa Valley, to which their Excellencies have come to prr '"innV'" "J^" *? ^7^"' -fl-nce anc'rbl^srs o^^ of Sd 'vJli . ^"''m'^ ^°r'' ''^^^'^ sublime prophets our governments would cease to do evil and learn to do well," f our people would influ h^r,% •"■ f'•;f,^"^^*" .^t'^*'^'- I-nds. we might have acccSo to our mim mcrct uTbv'm^'Zr'"!r "' ''''. ^ad of Aberdeen, as wSild "ctual7y freelv exoreL^ ?hL l^T^ '^^''^t?^^ statements of the people pra% tlXn s E^^^^^^^ ""« desire, o'ne SSine h.f nf .V. 7' ^"'''''■""'^"* during his term of oflficc may outshine that of all his predecessors in the happiness of his noble f-,m I,; honest government in this Dominion, and haviUdone tl^lir work wcM' may retire m health and wealth bearing with th^m fhl ki • < ' grateful people to fill the highest ^irc^a^feoTth^ht^he"?"^ w. h,n the gift of the exhalted soveJ-eign of our great empire ^nd^X^^^ full of; days and a glorious career of doing good £s bc^rru'n and tl eir oflTsprmg has been fitted to take their pla?e^that they "sL "hineas 1 e brightness of the firmament and as the star^ for e^•er^and ev er '' Keturmng from our pleasant ramble among the Gordons manv of whom occupy your river banks, we introduce you to S Haste vwho^e pleasant family hospitably entertained us. He has a fine aree^'arm of beautiful fertile lands, and he cultivates rxtmsively He has a i^rr^t Zl^:LunLT\.'l' '°°'k"^ ^'"^"^'^ '^•'^ fields lerethe'cTo^s'w"? very abundant. He lives about twenty miles from the D, <r.U *u^ highest up village as a market place or depo for trading on theGltineau river. At this place the sensible growth of the ri ver «nH t ^ ^.•**'"^^" away of its banks are very visibl?. The banks imist be hnd reds of' fl".? further apart than they were when the first bt.il g wereTrttc 1 by^he lumberers. At Aylwin they have had to bridge several cS n^ Ihl banks that carried parts of the public highway in^o the shcnn O I sand abounds in the bottoms of th. ^r;nL^J:X. ' f .''l'^""; ^"":'^- overflow m the spring and rapid current'ca;;;es';w;^ the' d^osite '"' I- 208 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA YALLEY. W HiJ From this farm northward the settlers are few till you rwich Bouchetu. H pretty httle village, chiefly ir.endi, with a large weU built Catholic church at the south end of the high hill top. The priest has a very fine, well-kept garden before his house, the best garden along the S 7fl"^' '' ''''""'^'-'"'^^^'*= *^'^^- ^" extensive knowledge of small f u.ts and flowers, and great care and painstaking in designing and set- ting them off to the best advantage. F John MiUon taught the English gardening, the pncst of Bouchette teaches his people practicaHv the same, an c the passers hy carry off a good imnres^ion of the intelligence nnrir^''''^° '^'iPT^'"'"^""^ * conviction that even ve v far north many valuable things ran be raised in gardens to the best advan- Uge. 1 he village occupies a great elevation above the river, the houses ^iliv^wl^h^^^"" "■""!,' ^'' vvell painted, and the little place seems to be n l nnr\h 'f .'k "' ^u^ mechanics. One solitary house passed, nearly a dil. . 1 ^^ ^'"^^^' ^','^' y°" ^"'^'' ^ ^'^^''^ of '^<^^y woods like a tt)t u "If'^r ""'' the clearing of that fine old farm at Sixes, known as the Hamilton farm. Nowitisthe Edwards farm, well cleared well fenced, and wrought up to the highest state of cultivation, at least fo DeTonTnnI t r ^''°'^ ^"! °T ''''^' '°"g and ' small homed Uevons, quiet feeders, good milkers, moderate-sized cattle. Latterly by crossing witn short-horned Uurhams they have grown to be large well orX^,^'^''''^•A The ^^^^--^ f 3 to 4 years old made splendtd beef the tj^flT- ^ ^^"^ ^""^^ u"'>' ^PP"^'' ^"^ poultry of all kinds from the arge turkey and goose to the smallest chicken, seem to be exten- sively raised. These with calves, yearlings, etc., looked very fine, show- mg great care and attention. ^ ' A friend travelled with us once who examined the very large stock till f^^f' ^""^ P'-o"«^J"^,e^^ them as kx fine condition and highly credi- Inen.ln 'T ""^^ ^'T^ ^'^^ '" ''^^'^^- ^'- McCallum of Cumberland spent some time on the farm; some time in the woods superintendinr operations both summer and winter He is a man of intelligence aclap ed to the position. Mr. Roddick is always there hav ng chafge of the store, post office farm and all else in the establishment He i. a gentleman thoroughly qualified at home in every department. He o«s- sesses high attainments, a reader and thinker; everything 'on the vfare exhibits his skill, taste and refinement. ]S<iss'cieIland wiTov^ke^^^ vvith a younger assistant, who has since married her brotl- -r A Wetted choice has rarely been made as everything seemed as orderly kept »s if tney expected company or. the proprietor to drop in at any moment Everything seemed to indicate that it was one of the pleasantest oTdlt l.ng place.s. Mr. Roddick is a brother of Dr. Roddick, a very successful physician in Montreal One would naturally ask v^hythybache'^ brother exiles himself from the society and the employments of a city for which he seem.sso well adapted, to the solitude of a farm and little store, away from church and almost from the habitations of men He has of course very active employment, so many callers at the store anl a deoT wt\T '^'. ["•■"X"'^^ '" '}^ management necessary at 'such adepo We admired his Chn.stmas decorations of the parior that re- mamcd for weeks on exhibition, chiefly colored prints pinned up- his '^^lTr D Ccv Mc": -' "rt' '^ ''''''''" ^^" companions'hip he chLcs. .. .ien u Arcy Mcv^ec was tola oy an ignorant opponent in our Hou« •Is' HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLET. 209 •f Commons, that his eloquent speech was copied or pla^iaristed from eent eman^SkM*^"" ?" °PPortunity offered for defen^e!*^ o d uTe C tWsSiesr^n J ''""'"' ''".' unfortunate as Sheridan had only anv cas^h^ nr.f ^^^/^'^'■^•" Hastings and would not apply; but that in S Mr ]?odHrwi ''°"'''"">'°^^"«^^ 'h^t of middling seemed tot.sHd.K a. •'^'^'■*' ^V"'^ ^°"'^ ^^ ^'«" employed though it ?ore"i^'I^ri : .^Vrd^^T^^^^^^^^^ completJfy 'mortgaged bi' the odds and en ,1^ of^t:;tou\^t°:tn^ TUnTf''^° ^^T. mltZtTr n?Vr ,^°""^ ^^'1°^' ^^^ t'^^'> °" the farm ass^sUng in the Tcondfti^n W ' '^'■f «tock that appeared in so healthy and thriv n a condition. We could not help thinking that W C Edwards & Pn rnVplac^sXusf '1-^" '^''"^^^ many reliable pVe7b;t:rians1n';°o t^s Ft?w\nk f. ■•'']P°':*^"*^^ '" ^° extensive a business. Leaving «lvd I m ,ri''"'K \ ^ ^'"^ *''"" y°" ^^^ ^&*'" >" the rocky hills, sand/ S^Tn^rafsnorA'td'^tr^^^^^^ * "°^'' useless, unless the\ills contafn' ffood^frrm7ex^t?n''Hrn?r'°'"'iu°"*t?" * '^^r*^' P'^'" ^ ««'"'= ^t^^t with {fct :id^e ffThfbro^k^^f SbT^I^d" ItreVr" iS^r^hT .'e^pt Ke'vlfwHirf'"''"""^"^ ^^ *^^^^"^- This'land Ts Tike tfe mero?,^ buf ^^t dJ^n . ' ^"'"^ ^^^'^ ^"^ productive. Creeks are nu- H!^^o.^,*?P^?.'^"''"'"^"y parts easily reached by stock ia ft^rnSf T' '^.^^*'- J"^P'd '•"nning streams. The surroundings swam^ furnish cedar in abundance for the best of fencing. Everythhfff TeS ^r/*" ""^l^"' ^^'''' *' '^^ D^^^t is only an hour^s drivTfrom ^£ ance'Jnd d.e'f^rmf o?.'T"f '!.'•">'' ^^^^^ ^"'^ barren for llZ. S^ Ind^!nlln'"a/rhrcolTryt ^d^r^^^^^^^^^^ if ^h'^ ^""^' ^7^^! oea^s b r^hf ^"I^^^^titions. The soil is poor, not fit to produce g^y wl\.u *'f^''^ '' "°t uneven, no hills of note for several mil^ l^mh. h ^'•^""d fa 's to produce is made up by the employee? i^Te prntrof^pTo^t"^^^^ winter month, when^wa^ges are g'ooJandlh^I^i: likelv 'to rlii '°° ""f^! "^'^ **'■ *^*^ Ottawa river, Jt could not be thought and natrh.. n7''^K-\*° ^T' ^^^^ntage, but much farther up on good land, patches of wh.ch can be found here and there, every kind of croos are produced giving good returns per acre. On account of the Le of be^ew"so';.<';fme?in'^ '°"" '^"^ °" V^'^ "^^^ Ottawa, cou.2 have to thr frlni- T '" ''"^ inadequate halls or rooms but with a jail in n thrUmtcrs';aYer VhV"r"'T'?/?^^^ T^^ ^°'- of the coZiS • r^u- ^tates. Ihe pleasant o d Judjre McClnnfr told nf a i-.m.. In titZ:'''" ''r^- ^"' Tl^^' J^" "«^ courthouse in^sevira? ecu res devote tfhn?^K^"^?^ held court in a barn, and the stable dose by" vS Httrbov n '^ ^^^ P''"^""''' ^'th a constable at the back to guard The const^hf;. h^ri"^ °'' ^ •''"?"'• ^"^ °'^*^"^^ '■" ^•■^"t, to guard the door two constables held their x .g.lant walks. The attend;.nr^u,.. l.r^. o." 1 ° of some uauMcnt was to be tried. Ti.e ju i^e was ve^y au^lg;; '^ ''^^ ll.il tTO II; HISTORY or TOT OTTAWA VALLBY. '^^^'l^^^^^^^^ he summed „^ c .ct found expression hv a ma^farba^^^^ ''?^'*^- ^'^^ '»^^ ^"■ done gim et eves " fThi. f. ht„ ua " ,^ ^*''" shouting out: "Well silcncc^hat followed L-'oiS^^^^^^^^^ 'J''^ T?*^ Profound asking sharply. Who hat Xil^nC thf/ ^^ "'^ "°"°r hat miqrht be felt was brokerbv h^^^^^^^^ r^^*'" ^^e silence ''take tlmt old horse to the stable '-wh.VK ^"^^ SherifT," said the judgi, and the business of the court oroVjJl^ °[/^°""c was done accordin£lv: ycng countries and settSnTsfn.onv ''"''°"* ^"'^^^'" interruption. In things can be betterefby the im^ T'' ^^ ^'^^'^'^^ ""til The village of Desert is thlm^.^lu"*'? *"^ circumstances, terminus of th^eGatinea.rv\f/yT^^^^^^ -unty and the ujally built onthe bank of tKatineau^ ^1^*:'="'^*° have been ori^- Desert. Ihere is a \;irfrj rJtuv ? **. ^"* Junction w th the rivpr other lumberers eem [fh^v^ oushed°?h '^"'"'^ ^"L'* ^^ere. Hall " nd th*t point, and to havesecured^all thl^miL^^^^ "V^ "^^'^ ^"^'"^^^ "P *« Mr. L,gue'sstoreistheffreaLstin;n L ! • ^'"'^ ** »" early day called appendagcvs of theSebusi^n^^^^^ The other, may ^ early explored and navigable for canoes W. K^"!*^ "\"*' have been some old Hudson's Bay men who r»nf T ^*\* heard stories from to escape down stream /Twh.^^m ^^^ ^'^'^ *he company, using U or tuo squaws, a midl-aeedanST" '*'*' ^""^^f^^ contented with one in his deVencein the H^^^e ^^Cor^S tha^ K^""*" "*^^'"^-' ^-°^^^ own moderation when the "Bem,m-T ^*^ he was astonished at his If Piled up to lie icne or to n^ puroose""T ^"''^ '" ^'''' * temptatiJ Mr. Baxter, whose wife was a Xs B.frH /^ ^"^ *"*"'' ^'°™ the*^ south :.tzroy, and who has a s^wmJlUown ^tt J^^f '^ °^ ^r^^" ^^'''^ «<" I'nj?, occ.pies the left hand side ofTherrlf . "^"^ eonifortable dwd- and enterprise. On the rip-ht h^L if M X* ""*" ^'^ business talent vv.th lumber. Mr. Moore a bachelor^^rl,^^^^^^ ^^^'^^^ employ^ an mt< Iligcnt man though not in 1^1 ^noH K^ ut "T'^"^*^'' ^^-^d^ *nd is ful hnnsc and are very nicely sSuated ' *'"^^- ^^^^^ ^*^* * ^eauti- for a great establishment. Mr and M« <S.>1 "^l^^^ary equipments place, and better, we think, could nc^£ ^J^'J'^ Jf *^ nianageni*^ef the bn.vi.|c.ss man, well adapted to the n?aee«^^^^^^ ^ ^ '^ very active Smith IS f u 1 of encrrrv l^^.r,. i ^ " ""^ 'he employ - v r,r,J Mrc a kind word is rrd;'?;'^^^:^-;^*^ house. T ^ '^^^ -" house where the family, chiefly dau^^te^ ^r^ ^%J^oore has a fine musical young ladies, and do much for '^h/k^' ^^'^ *'« ^<^fi"«d, place Mrs. Moore keen.; an K^7 V • . * ""^ congregation in thi- stretches down to the bank of ^H^n" *"°* ' ^"^ •<" the^ vi^g? ,' strong bridge, and alonrtL north Unl^fT' ^^ ^hich there is^a high Several stccs., workshops of ^r enters\nH K? ''I"^ 'he village. here and i;-.,,; along the lines of th? 5 n ^^^^ksmiths' shops fill ud pleasant for i. il]a4 and^trn/J ''"'"^ *"^ ^o'-^S- The s^te fe favor it as the termfnurc^ 'lTrZZ7 'r?.l 'iT^ pI^^ ^^ circumsUn'cet -.r ^ ^w& cicmentb are iacking. tfiitftta^saaffawarJ-^iiMaa ea d^ Mw W'WM.IBM'.^iraff.fR.Bt fi he summed op >ased it in forcibic pie with the ver- )utingout: "Well The profound ■n by His Honor gain the silence ising more softly, said the judge, done accordingly * interruption. In e endured until imstances. county and the have been orif- with the rivpr lere. Hall and ir business up to an early day. others may be must have been rd stories from fnpany, using it itented with one Hastings swore istonished at his -it a temptation from the south John Baitd of nfortablc dwd- business taleat efly employed Iter trade and is have a beauti- wy amount of •y equipments lanagers ef the ■f vrry active ' ^ni Mrs ■ii .nile and oore has a line ^ are refined, -gation in the >c village. Ic there is a high >f the village, shops fill up . The site is circumstances i bi are iacking. HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALL«T. T^c re;^,(ni for several miles Is Indian territnn' and now th^tfh ■ r *u •2»»r John A. Macdontid ia dear! thmm^^^u ' that then- father, can not alienate or sell h J land- Th?n?h *"' ^T ""^" ^"^»»'=«'. ^"^^ poverty of the soil of he l hole ,u JmfnT ""^ *"^ ''''"* drawback is the *pots here and there taken briumberers'Thr"'''^^- ^""= *"^ '"^'^'l^ trusty foremen or workers who ha^e earn.H .k '"'"^ *° *°'"* ^^ ^heir property. These peonle c^n rTitl ^ T '^ '5*" "'?"''>' *"*^ ''^cured the but the country wilKtar^'!'^^^^^^^^ g'>od livelihood t6 build up a ,^ace. To telk of c^rrv nt i**^^^ '"1 '*^T '"= "° ^"^eS .3 another of t'hose deceitful pran"of?uLer^^ ^f James' Bay been practised, unfortunately, of late years wi?h T.. K ^ ""'"^ ^*^*^ schemers and so disastrous to the p on^eers of X counL""'^" ^°'" '*'*^ s going mto debt annually to enrich cornoration^^^ ''°""*'>' the traffic to be brought from lam^' S°'^P^'^*Jlo"»- Could anyone tefl ^nc latter very few.^o even ^ZnLf7 ' ^ ^ncaught fish and'^animals, stumps there are no stumps JoXZoifn A *"^ V ^^i' '^'"^'^ °" ^^1 nothing but stunted cedar shrubs wh^>?K T' ^^P'^--^" have found could not be dignified with the n«mr«f ^'''u ''''^'' *"^ «P^<^" that cance. On the north ^rde of the D^Ln ?^'" ^^""", **^ ^*^«'^ '"^'gn'fi- soil with good fields su round n^stl^?,T'?",*" '''^y^tion of sTndy lulfamile%romtherrofth^e:jeat^ "^°^ ^'^^ ■ngs for all purposes. The stone dwS ul * ^"* P^*" ^^'^h build- in good repair.' Mr. and Mrs Mil^r k.L^ »^^^^ have left for a farm some mHes back f^m tl^Vf '' ^Z' T'"" ^hey side. It is said to be a good dace h.,f ST. ^iT**** ^'""^ °« ^^^ ^^ and have a family of fi^ chSdien tJI *^- ^S^^ ""^ Presbyteria^ pcrous people, an^^l thei^removd is ali7to*?hr?"'C*' ^""^^^^ P^°^ though they do not leave the rh^.r^K \k *^* Presbyterian cause; for Qwail was at the head of the store tdtkt""K' ""'"^ ^"^"^"'y- Mr. has since married Mr^ MiUer^sSer T^?s rJ"? T-"^^ ^™' *"^ ^^ ^^ We\t;^5ir:r^'-"^ 4°°" ho?s'eVeep\r^"''^°"' *"*"^-^ Mr. Jam:rM\da"r;°* soTe'm^S Je'^V^h'"' ''^ '*'^^ establishment of place well kept. A Aew married n. fr f t^"'^ "''*' •'*"'^' » beautiful brother was a foreman in the^h.?.? f°T Mash^m reside there; his Uren has since d?ed1eavinghswhLf^m^^^ ""u^^^- ^""- ^r. mT is not carried on so exter,s"felv «, .hi K ^ ""I honaires. The business l-.ave not been re-bunt burthl.vH!.?^"''"^ """* *' New Edinburgh numerous limits that that lln^f ^ "^^ ^"''"'^^ ^^'^ °" n^'^ny of the his day. We wtep eased w^^^^^^ enterprise secured in ^-oung people, sorry thafw^cL not r'J^cnr.'r-'^^ *"^ talents of these The gifts and talents and rnewTin^i^'^^^^ i!"'"*' »^ ^^ '^rite. their ow« but divine cndowmemso«^hr.'K' '" ^*^ ^^'"''^ "°t being ■"xcellencies in their fellXen Cr^' '" ^^^ ^^ -" '"en a! to the place and duties to be n«rwILi^ ■ .u ^"f '">' °"^ ^^^"is fitted Governor of the u orki beine e^v? vu^^l*" '^"^ T't °^ *^« ^°''^d- The these parties that t,e may afcomDhsh h , T"^"'' u*' '"" ^''' '^^"^^ a" ^iayshehasalottedtoth'^sehStson^^^^^^^^^ ^^/t^"^ ^-'"^ the governs and eachone deserves his Hnrmlif' -^^ ^*^ ^''^^ted and fellow creatures. The PresbvterL'",^nrf.' lPu^!'^!.*l*heJ.ands of his -c uu.„erous tha« the Methodist orth; Episc;;;;i :ku;:i.^ey 'h^ IBnlll «I2 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. a student in summer from the coHege, who is very acceptable, as young men generally are now, but in winter they get only a monthly supply in connection with Aylwin. Aylwin, however, is not pestered with supply on the day, thus vacated from lay nonsense as some other places near the city, whose mutterings are loud enough to be heard if the parties concerned h.ive ears to hear. The railroad is nearing the Desert and the public road is less and less travelled. Blacksmiths along it are dis- missing their extra help, able to do the diminished business themselves. The convenience is great to travellers, as they can come to the city in the morning, do their shopping at Lindsay's or elsewhere, see their friends, enjoy a day in the city, and get home and be nothing out of pocket on the purchases. The Roman Catholics at Desert must be more numerous than the other denominations taken together. Most if not all the Indians are of that communion. The Presbyterians come next though at a vast dis- tance as to numbers They are associated with Aylwin in winter and get a student from McGill in summer. In the student's absence they get a day in the month in winter of supply, and are acknowledged a part of that Aylwin field. Aylwin was first supplied from Wakefield by Mr. Corbett, then by Mr. Whyte, after which for say, a quarter of a century, they have had settled ministers or missionarirs aided by home mission lunds. The railroad passes far enough behind Aylwin to be of litde use to it in regard to growth or development as a village or town. Freight is carried by rail at about the same rate as by teams. These laLter with sleighs, wagons, etc., are laid aside but it is a great conveni- ence for passengers. In comfortable cars they can in one day do kii their shopping, and return home from the city, instead of the old three days, two on the road in storm and calm, and one hi the city. Mr. Beamer proposes to take the road to the south cf James' Bay, which of course, he can easily do with a strong government at his back. This happy Dominion has few private railroad companies. Companies get their charters. They are friendly to the Government, but have no money so the government gives so many thousand dollars a mile, and whatever is necessary for equipment, then the endowed company charges the public high freight and the people with a smile of pleasure submit. Pro- jective tariff enables the manufacturer to sell at the rate of the imported article and the tariff or dut\', and we purcliase at his rate and pay the duty afterwards to support our generous government. Hence the rail- road men and the manufacturers and bankers and etc., are a part oi the croverning body and we, like the Romans of the days of the Empire, are happy and contented. We have not travelled far above the Desert, con.sequentfy cannot vvrite much history of a country yet uninhabited and which is not likely c/er to be iiiliabited. If we are to judge from maps in our possession. which we purchased .it the sale of the late Mr. John Egan, and conducted by Mr. Doyle the country is so covered with lakes, ponds and rocky .nils that neilhcr settlrments nor railroads are likely to be soon found there. 1 he forests are dwarfed after you pass the tim.ber limits, now held and worked, that tbrv arc i\f nn ifal.i». ^r.^ »r^,.i.! .,„*. f_L _.... tiug and transportmg to any city of the land. The very few who have snowshoed the country, report unfavorably of its capabilities and to ■■[■■ ; HISTORY or THE OTTAWA VALLEY. jlj the cities, "fowcrs hi brave fh.lf.."'^'' '" 'i"^ '=°™"'y P'"'^'^'^ " '" so that the conff e'ations hTve% Uh.v '^"^''=0" «i«J "> our cities :rx'o-?e&S of his door? Dl^thrJZT^^^^^^ f"^ '''" ^°'f ^^''thin a rod brother in tnb.lation Sfe ' '1^ care much for the poor on the Hudson that w^ufd^not nX'b i^flfo'^'V ll*^^^^^ '^'-'^ hints that the descendants of M,-.aK ,'l'"'^/+^'000,' a.r W iliiam D uvson traditions preser^dfnTefL^ivorT'-''""" been rlfluenccd by the pilesofca.UesanitZersSbvl^^^^ "''"' ^"'^ ^'^^^ ^^^^' l^vedravvna.eparaiIerC;[;;eei^ h^^::^^';;:;:^,^:-^^. «^ '-S^J the bulky jiimocs of stone and llm^ ^^^^^ in uie riai.is of Shmar, an 1 Pagan and CluKstian.fruc'urruSl^ ^'^« l^'"'-!- of of either ancient or nuHierrSnesTh/ ^.^'T '*'''-'^'"' necessity wieldy structures are fonrofmo^^^^ ^^''l''''' °f these un- aci<„o„.|c.,l,e thJt a S ctt-i:fs'rr.:;i'rr„»."'.ff .''-^ -" --r 1 1\ I'fi It ,ll' :i'«l'' 1t!i I mm 214 HISTORY or THE OTTAWA VALLET. u •' Generally speaking there is not any rule. Congregations d© abotit as they like, one man rules the whole combine. The many agree to the proposal. Should the people support the missionary, which they gener- ally do, so far good; should it be otherwise, he has nothing to fall back on for support. There is a principle of cohesiveness essential to the well-being of society, that principle is not selfishness, and till that principle is better cultivated the Presbyterian church cannot thrive in some parts of the world. There are some congregations thai never had a Presby- terial visitation in their history; the district we write of is in that category. The people are kind by disposal but the organizations are not very com- plete and in any organization one sinner may destroy much good. A little attention and encouragement aid people greatly, whereas neglect is very detrimental, for everyone is happy in the discharge of duty and not often otherwise. Many accidents have happened on the railway thus for several have lost life or limb and one poor fellow both limbs. They could not be set and had to be amputated, others have been set and re- covered. The story is told of a Scotch boy whose leg was broken and the doctor set it and he was doing well, but the boy's mother was not contented. She wished to get a bone-setter, Rob. McPherson by name in the hills, to see it. The leg was nearly well but she got a bed in the cart and the boy in and drove to the place. They lifted the boy out and laid him on the floor and the surgeon examined the leg and pronounced it doing well. He was lifted into the bed on the cart and driven home. The old lady expressed much satisfaction with Rob's skill, the boy said aye to all, but as they neared the house, she repeated her eulogies on Rob, and the boy said aye. "But a was na sick a fool as to let him handle the sair leg." The railway authorities are, however, content to leave them in the doctors' hands. What (ve have said of the other parts of that river and hiTl country is very applicable to Desert, so well filled with places of entertainment for those seeking health and rest. The young physician, Dr. Mulligan, and his very pleasant young wife are an acquisition to the place. The doctor is building up an excellent practise and name in the village and its environs. There is more level country visible from an elevated stand- point here than perhaps in the hundred miles to the great Capital itself. Much of it is light .soil requiring fertilizers, but there is no question of the excellent productions to be raised in the sjjrrounding localities. The waters arc pure and clear and abundant, and the finny tribes plentiful for the taking without let or hindrance- The game of the hills and dales is like that of kindred mountain and valley scenery. It would require a close union among the denominations to make it possible to sustain reli- gion. All the Protestants would not be able to maintain one minister; how must it be with so many. The arguments for union appeal A'ith great force to that part of human nature, the most sensitive of all the nervous system, the pocket. It is not easy to write the history of a place and people, whilst the actors are busy on the stage. The late talented and now much lamented Alonzo VV right, so long the M. P. for Ottawa, in our late conversation whilst he ordered his vehicles round the buildings and drives several times, observed that it was too eariy to write the his- tory of Hull. Many of its actors are still alive and are likely to Hve long and happily. After Mr. Ainsley's time the saints have been cared for by :r2L!:*L"^^^^^Hi^^^Nag^^»itfwM W W IHM WI '|-« W*»»Kjy ver, content to HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA TALLIV. 1,5 Edward Irvine's church that astnn «S ^ ^^'^^ ^^^'"'^ '" ^^v- the spiritual gits that the church m^ahf "'?^' *' ^ ""^ revelation of churc'h. Mr.liurwdfen'ttr^d^i^tT^^^^ ^^f f"' that was to say the least of it, very remarkable H*^h if ^S"! ^'^''iTl' his views in some rather wel -written oamnhW, "^,^^^*'="ed to publish hands among our earliest readlnffran^d 3^ n ^^^^ ^"'° ^^'^ tions for the fuimiment of prophfcv as t-2- r n"''"'l°" ^° *^ "°- lations. Edward Irvin^wa a veT/ab^^^^^^^^ ^"^ ?' ^"^^■ thorough acquaintance Sith the LniuageHS^^^^^^ ^ ?°^^ country. His stvle was r If»pr fr^r^ju ' I'^^^^^ture and theology of his Dr. Chalmers and aft^rLsettleSTn h?,^"^ ^"•■""^ ^^^''''t^"^ t° the empire. He was run af e^ ht thr^"^!!^^^^ t^^ Capital of his congregation tho'grif'^ttchtctlv^r 'e^^d"' J'/.Tft^^^^^^ ^"' Sjlir^U'TurweliroifgrstetU^^^ necessity of those^fts was enn.fL • ' "^^'"t»'"«^d that to deny the author. "^ A man oPfer^or? Bu^il 7e'claTed"to hi'' "?^^r ^P'rit. their pit, and in the parlor shop and s^ore hL n i r^ P^°P^ ^'°"' ^^^ P"'" most people with the force^f all tw'id'as/^^^^^^^^ ''"^'^^fl^ '''^'^ considerable, several influential nem^^JK! success in Hull seemed There was n^thin^in a 1 d is unS^^^^ opposition. EverVman has a rSht to%h?;.U% ?'l ""'^^'"^ ^° ''^' "P be considered an iSdual A man ^^ ^'^^ °' is for his actions as evervone of ^. lln •'*''P°"*'^^^ ^°' ^'' •^^''^f ^s he God. But no m^n has a r?^h? to Y ^'''\^" ^^^""* °^ himself unto lieve. Neverthdess t^e mob in r' if^'l"'''''f ^ ^° ^^at he shall be- took up the new op nions or at^ea^^^^ ^^S^^^^ to those who The late Andrew LraZ a f-xmmf.nM ^^-^'^ .'^'',^"''^ 'h^''' "Meetings, hand in these troubLs bft^ froTsh J^^ took sometimes an active blow, marking each o^^^f^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ they went to would recov?rV:om7trm""H?n^"'''' '"' l' /"'' ^^^tful if he badly mauled and he wrsH^hllderan^^^^^^ - ^'^r "'' ^'^^ ^^'^ about with a long th^ Cn as I s trum^^^^^^^ ^"^ '"^'"bled Gabriel sent to w'arn m^Torthe r'Zr' W^faviX^l^^!!:.^^^ ^"^.^' our time at Bell's Corners and were informed hvthli.r^ ^^'' ''1''^ '" that he was the Angel Gabriel who vl.« kTo ^^ ?^ '^^^ ^^^''^^ ^'•"ol^l stock of which neve'riun ou"t to"h:arh s'waT"^^^^ '°H^,t" """r^'v, ^^ and Episcopalian in its early days, few MetSsts « ^*\Catholic showed in t till verv much ktpr rm ^.L ^y^^.f "^"^ sts or Presbyterians ship became evangilisTaMf^i^k and a"Mr\°^^^^^^ ^^^ ^°-"- number in Hull village that embraced th^ doctrbes a^d^'n ^^' V\^ congregafon. and as Mr. Luca.s was wont to ^ay 'v'.l- ?ff "7f_l .^!^^ UiHi Si6 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLIT. a It was never so rank in the Presbyterian church as to be considered a heresy, and no man was persecuted if he did express the wish of the hope that he might live to see his Saviour in the flesh. It was considered far too visionary to be of any importance as a doctrine or a truth. No temporal kin[i[dom could equal the kingdom of the universe over which the Messiah rei^^ns since His resurrection and ascension to glorv- He came first to put away sin by the sacrifice of Himself. He will come again without sin unto salvation, and to judge the world, but there is no third coming taught in the Scripture revelation. The objectionable thing was the opposition these men met with in carrying out their devo- tions. Sneers and ill names are not pleasant to be borne, but when mobs proceed to violence there is great injury, and no good purpose could be served by such conduct, either to the rioters themselves, or to the churches they claim to champion and very great injury done to their fellow Christians they so unreasonably oppose. The lumber trade brought many ungovernable people to the Chaudiere in those early times. The Irvingites had after Mr. Burwell's departure a Mr. Roberts, an ex- ceedingly tall man, for the pulpit, but he was not succcessful in building up a coii^'it'L^ation, and since his time no revival of the party seenns to have taken place. The Episcopal church was always in an organized state in Hull. Sometimes it was associated with Aylmer, and the min- ister resided on the way between. Latterly Canon Johnston lived pc^ manently in Hull, giving up Aylmer. The Presbyterians came in by families and got an organization formed in connection with the west end of Ottawa, now known as Erskine church, and Rev. Joseph Whyte was their pastor for several years Then the Hull congregation was asso- ciated with Chelsea, under Mr. Dempster deceased, who was a very effi- cient pastor, and Chelsea was associated with Cantley. Hull jvith mis- ionary aid got along alone. Some time ago Rev. Mr. Scott was settled there and still resides there as their pastor. Great improvements have taken place in Hull in 50 years. From a mere hamlet it has grown to a -ity with considerable manufactories. Its quarries have supplied stone for buildings in Ottawa. Eddy has from vast lumbering become an immense paper manufacturer. Stores, .shops, mills, especially the Hiirdman lumber mills, and many enterprising business establishments have been got up and improvements seem the order of the day. The Presbyterian congregation of Hull was begun with the colony. Mr. Wrigiit began to plant here in the beginning of the century. It was f)f the Congregational type as New England Congregationalists were ■;alled by that name, having the same truths and having elders as rulers m the church almost corresponding to the sister denomination. I his form of government had some advantages in a new colony of fami- lies as there are no hindrances in the way of a minister engaging with the people and laboring among them. It is not so compact and script- ural in the relation of congregations to one another as the Presbyterian but it is democratic and opposed to hierarchical despotism. Despots, unjust and untruthful minisLcrs will be found in all denominations, in si.>ite of their eternal vigilance to avoid it. Under snch men the people suffer a (;reat loss of spirituaiiiy, even more than when without a minister, because these creep 1,1 and brin- with them, if not pernicious doctrines practices that stealthily corrupt the people. The ' ^^^t^V^^gA^ »\p^W£m«^^:^ HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. gjy and fnSce" inlh^w^ik'^bifeln^t's^" H^'^^^ T^ '"^^ "^ ^^^^^-^ have taken the scribes In dpLw«Ir Sundays, they prove that they andheadofthechTch xCtofH^^'*^^^^^^ the Ki/g old doing great tjJ^y to the^fffof?hfc\t?h'%^^^^^^ ^^ °' a stranger m the city and in the countrv Ti" ^'^^^ '■el'gjon becomes was not large but it had somp L^^^" ,-7^'^''°"S''^S^tion in Hull RoIIin the S-anne Svmmes^Sn pk" ^L''^*^^ ^^y^' Esterbrooks, Moffats. Davies. Blairs "^ They S a lit"t?e .;n^''\''''' J'""^'' •^''"''' by Truman Waller Their fKfri,- r '^^°'^^ '^^"''^^ °" ^ site given tnal if possible to nurtu'reTX-Sn^ ^^^ ^ lack of cong-enialitv hpf-,vp«r. k- ^j , "^-^ *°'d us there was a to his own fanT Lot L camr.nd ''^' P'^P'?', ""^ ^' ^°"" ''^turued soon after too limited fo the i ed man whn" TT '""'^'^ '''^'^^'' '^"^ vvider scope and r'in'rT'.^^'^?'''^<''"'"*"ded soon . potent in the Li ^th,^^^^^^^ be im shame, yes, frown down §ppUio^Ti;^^\^ f'""'"^^ *"'^"^^- ^hey leave and goto a field of X^i^7r ?, f , f "' ""^^ ^"'^^ '"duccd to extremely lorry A thirllr.nT.^ the people were known, w^hose descendants ar?in . h^ remamed, of whom there is more their preacher for sSjears hT '°'i'"'''^' ^^"^ ^'- ^"^^^^ "^^'^ were few and scattered S" " ^^^'^^-y was small as the people the farm and the lake his naml^; i'- ^^ ""^'i^r P'"^'^"'-^^ ^^"ds and gave farmisnowoccupedbva^eTvrel^'.'^KT' ^e^^^''^ Lake and Mcach's by the name of IWl] ^ ''espectable and upright Scotch family, ward?\^olKn"d"Est^ro;t :S.Tt^^^ ;^s;-j:SSrS^;;:^-^i«^ ^-n^^ by internal str fe 'or disLn i^ns C h °h'''"''^ '"^^ ^'^ ^'^^opl, not leader. If a fortune h^^!.'' u ^^ ^he want of numbers and a dition open^ up'p^e^p .t^ 1 leUfthe^^o ?"f ^^' of bettering their con up very endearing tiL of kndrX^ Jo I?^^^'^"i ^""^^'^ ^"^ break blamed? The fiefy eW c^^^^^^^ Are they to be London in excitemen son e think; r'^ ^'"'"^ ^^^ ^^^ «'d ^^date turn and that theSclewor^^^^^^^ ^''^'"^ to re. into a state of PaSse Zv aT ' ^?T^'i'?3^ °"*^ ^o turn the nations ably propagated these notSn^' . f " ^^^"^ ^"•*^^" eloquently and heads of^faf.ihes were pleS Ch the ^' '"° I^^-^^byterian families or time joined the party Mr Rnn.^^^^^^^^^ ^^ advanced and for a refused his hall for tLr proDa^S?^n ^'^^^^^^ these views and them, out fiercely opposS tK^^^^^^^ Mr Alonzo Wright did not joi.) Andrew LeaniywhSEethl^^-'J^^^^^^ by his uncle, Mr. the Curries travelled (^^^^foot In r/'^^'-^;- ^"""^^ Presbyterians like poor old Hull church ^,^'?eerted 7^ ^^'^ ^^'^^^hanks; so the cousinofoure.steemedfriend Mr A T •^^^'^^t^"- J^'- Irving was a are indebted for spc clal favo i tAfT'^ of Pembroke, (to whom we inteHectual superiiri^y and eeniustf.r ?'" genuine kindness as well as a most popuia'r young^nan fviien a 'ist.nt to h'^rt t°" ^'^'l'> '^ ^^'^^ Scottish divine of that dav. Il ^no v X r?-^ " ?''"''""■' '^' ^'''^' -cars as well as statesmanship, was ca^ri^d ^^t^^^'oi^, ^^e of 1i: ii- MHMMNiMns 2l8 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. m that novel tide that had set in, and without enquiring why these gifts had ceased or been withheld by an all-wise ruler, thought the utterances in his consrogation might be the beginning of a time of enlightenment and conversion of immeasureable extent, and results the most moment- ous and extraordinary. He evidently like other leaders of ability and full of fervor had no idea of forming a sect. For a time a considerable class were taken with them. Brilliant minds with vivid imaginations are easily earned away with new things in religion, and these fresh things -seemed to introduce the most important and glorious events ever recorded in the history of humanity. Mr. Eurwell published here in full sympathy with the movement. Like Dr. Gumming of London he went into the Idea ot the fulfilment of prophecy, a very taking and entertaining subject to many minds. He had only a few in Bytown but a great many in Hull, from the river to the mountain and from Aylmerto the Gatineau ^oint, his disciples were numerous. Their offices were as numerous as they could get names to cover in the New Testament, so that a convert could scarcely fail to get an office. This is one of the peculiarities of iitie sects to try to gam popularity, passing .every proselyte through a kind of coronation, so that they rise about fifty per cent in their own estimation when they thus discover what splendid people they are- by being employed in something visible and tangible. Were the rulers of the churches as anxious for the spiritual welfare of the people as for the increase of tlieir numbers and the outward forms of religion, they would be revolutionized for good. We are so much taken with externals that to tell us we have a handsome face and fine figure, we are more pleased than with coarse features and uncomely form, with a profusion of intellectual abilities buch IS our nature or rather such is it become. In how many minds is the noisy rush of the crowd and its excitement preferred to the duties and delights of the closet and the careful contemplation of truth in re- tirement. The Creator of man delights in truth in heart and can there be truth in the inward parts unless the truths of the Revelation are planted there ? 1 he mind lives by these truths no matter what the sect to which the man is attached. Spiritual nourishment is preferable to the noise of he street owner and the prayer on the house-t07, or the Molah on the ^^ . ^ , J J ''^"^■, T^^""^ "^^^ ^^"'^ P«"y persecution of these some- what deluded people, that was disgraceful and which Alonzo Wright did hs utmost to put down. Mr. Wright could not resist the blandishments of bir John A. Macdonald. But he retired disgusted with the immorali- ties of the parties, in making a set of millionaires by reducing the honest inhabitants to the low level of mendicants, controlling the constituencies and keeping power in their hands. .u ^" °H5.^f ^ drive together he kindly proposed to place his papers on the early history of Hul at my disposal and wished he were able to have aided me still farther. He was a student in his youth and in his early marn-.Uife, which was very happy, he was an omnivcrous reader His bosoin fr-end, the distinguished lawyer, Peter Aylen, used to tease him on be:iig so devoted to the luminous (voluminous) pages of Gibbon, the decline and fall of the Roman Empire, that he had time for nothing else. His communications to the ^y;wr 'A/«/i- in its best days, woke uo a deep interest. His wit, liumor, elasticity of thought, and the wide range IfcftiB^ft' ■i ' SJ i Jii i WiiuB' j jj u tt ffai ny»m% ' fM^H f^^'i*ri:i^ii V liil WWWMw HW WI iW WJ ' IMllJLmMIri HISTORY OF THB OTTAWA VALLEY. ai# of his knowledge mad- his articles very readable. His 5ty1e was vfpor- ?,n w"^ ^ «/^'-' ^.'"^ng the best compositions in our hneuage He wi seTdrspoke'n"tL%'i'^'P'ri"°,"^«"^ «"-' literary 'Writers! £ bestTmn estro,; on fh"''"'^^ ^"' he distinguished himself and made the andSh.Jr7^? n^" ■''•u';*'- J" Pn^ate life he was very friendly SSH Sr-----^^^^ ^" - vis HeTs v^rv murl m «.^ nnprovemeat of the cattle of the settlements, vho must fee the olL^" f^u' sympathy is expressed for his wife r his^ace on thtl? 7""^ a I others. One of his brothers lives south Ku'^lis WnVht v^/J^ ^'!''' ^^'^^ f ^^'^^ '■^"^'•y* chiefly daughters. Mr. nowThe ckv of iS R°"'^ °"^ ""^ '^'^ ^^"^"^ ^^at lived in the village. sSes Mr Charlie I'""' ;''''" numerous. Some are in the United ripectedasares^^^^^^^^ 'u^ favorably known and highly in ston^ l^nf "^^^'r"' °f the Island, where he has carried on vast works min ng ' He lives in'th'"'/°' ^ i'^"'^'"^^' ^"^^'^^•- brother is fond of granasons Have been members of Parliampni- TK- ivyr p '. u 1l ^:n:;atio'n?^fv:er ^^^°"'' -nte thei'ASy fir the'^be'efit o?fu CS shairb^h^nn.-^*''^°"''"^^^"y^h:Rg essential in these cases we whose case m;,l hf K ," ?^ ^''^"^ '^ ^"y of our numerous frl^ds paruuTsrr'c^or'r'ectio'n"" ""'°°'^' "'" ^^^ "^ ^^^ht by giving us the ^-onlcL^2tll"^^^^^ the com- tl)e property of Mr Svmr^e/ TK? It" ""f ""^.'^^ '°^" ^^^^ ^^ich was and pulpit fmm the old stlt.h^K^^^r^i'.^^ ^'^^ '^^ ^^^^ P<^^s When the MeThodLs vSn h h '"'^ *t^''^ ^^'''■'- "^''d^^an property, they invited the Pfsbveri^^^ k' l^*^" ^^''' ^"''^ ^^eir^ church, at different hours so the oulnf.nr '^^ ^^^'^'^^"t with themselves, but new Presbyter^n^Chw^rLiIt?nT '""'■" '""^""u^P '^''^ *'" ^he To enable them tHuildTe n.^' ^h J'^^P^u'^ *^^^ ^""^ ^^ere still, costly than they were able to me.T J.^urch, which required to be more in the Legislature of nnnerVnHT' ^ ^^"f '"^ed to get a bill passed some property orwhicK/oM^r'^l^f^^^'f^ ^"^^'^ ^^«'" ^« sell the early settlers fmmM ^^*= "^^.^hurch stood, t! at had been erected by century^ iLTson CookT 1^?'"^^ >" the first quarter of this nineteenth county of Otawa at that tim^^^^^^^ ^.^', °"'- ^^ ^^ ^'>' the read in the House and ' L?. ua ^l""^ ^''^''^^ °^ *''^ "^i"- ^t had been was killed by "he me^b;ffoTrtll'^' ^u'^^^^'ll'' <^«'^"^"ttce when it palians on the coinmittee Tl "^^ ^f^ 5^5 "^^J«"ty of Episco- H.e afterwa/dsl^'S-hL^c^arJe'^f T^r^.l[, ^"^ ^'^^^^^^-^ ^..u.c us .ne late oi the bUi. advising us to take advantage oTalempol';;' ir 5' f I Mf 'TO HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. \ ■ \\ Mr. was and act then in force, that enabled trustees or those in possession of church lots, graveyards, etc., that had no provision in their deeds for a succession of tr istees, to meet and according to the specified formalities appoint such, loJrrjngr the records with a notary, which they did, and it was to have the power and force as a clause in the original deed. The manse was occupied by the Episcopal minister, then in Hull and Aylmer, who had got the use of it for ten years on condition of building a kitchen to the frame house and a stable. They were both of cedar logs and ♦ihc kitchen was a hideous caricature of round logs with their ends not cut off at the corners. The member for Carleton, and perhaps the clergyman, thought that the deed had lapsed, and being in possession they could claim the property, hence the fight that threw out the bill. Having met the case and supplied the defect in the deed by the provisions pointed out by our learned friend, the congregation determined to sell and got an order in court to that effect. The minister with.stood and was dispos- sessed by the sheriff. As he was put on the street a gentleman went in who was married to a granddaughter of the original donor, Truman Waller, and claimed that his wife was heiress and having purchased the good will of the other grandchildren of Mr. Waller, considered his claim unimpeachable Mr. L. R. Church conducted the case very ably, though it was his first one, but could not prove a conspiracy as the fleed was good and the supplement that remedied the defect lawful. When Hughes took possession forcibly, the writ to eject the minister amended to include all others. So when he was put on the street the place locked he broke in but was imprisoned for a night and let out in the morninj^. The congregation paid the cost for the minister, who con- sidered liiinself terribly persecuted by these Presbyterians, but they let Mr. Hughes pay his own, which was $125. The Presbyterians sold the property to the Hurdmans, who removed the old buildings and fences, incorporating the site or land with their farm around it and the proceeds went into the new beautiful church in Aylmer, built more than thirty years ago. That church was planned, the materials collected for it, the contracts made, the funds gathered by subscription in the other congre- gation connected with it, and in Ottawa and Montreal, by the minister they then had; and whose salary ran in arrears and he would not let it be raised by coercion, though a very gifted lawyer proposed to bear the expenses of the court, if only permitted, This is a great fault with some ministers. They trust too much to the honor and honesty of the people and they would not be deceived if thtir brethren were not unfaithful and untrustworthy in such cases in the di'tiv*s they owe one another. No presbytery is guiltless that permits a congregation to withhold his rights from their minister. What language can depict tht conduct when they encourage the injustice ? How can they look for blessings when their conduct is such to a brother minister ? The story of the Kirk minister and the boy at the little rill will here be appropriate. The story runs that this good minister was visiting the members of his congregation and in crossing a small creek, ('a bit burnie') met a boy who had swept and gathered together the sand, muck and dust available at a turn of the little run. The minister .says : "Well my lad, what are you doing here?" "I'm making a kirk, sar." "Have you r\yK yoiidhef it is, pointiug to an opciliiig in - J K UUUt the cuu possession of r deeds for a ied formalities ;y did, and it al deed. The ill and Aylmer, ilding a kitchen ar logs and ♦ihc inds not cut off he clergyman, )n they could Having met 'isions pointed I sell and got ind was dispos- ieman went in onor, Truman purchased the lered his claim •y ably, though . the fleed was il. When Mr. minister was the street and it and let out in lister, who con- i, but they let erians sold the fs and fences, d the proceeds )re than thirty :ted for it, the ; other congre- f the minister ild not let it be ;d to bear the "ault with some ' of the people : unfaithful and another. No hold his rights luct when they gs when their e rill will here as visiting the ('a bit burnie') id, muck anti ys : "Well my " "Have you ;- A.\- - 1 -t 111 LUC CUU Wi HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. 221 in'lh^e'srdes'raiseVJrfr'r ^^^' f'^' P°'"*'"^ *° '''^°^" ^^ had made Duloit ?'. "A * tj.V'^ *^°^^ th<= '<=^^'- "Have you got pews and a he had raised in*ff; ?' "' ^"/'^ '^""^ '^^'^ '" P°'"^'"S '^ -"-' '"i^ges out to s and In n "^r^' ^^'■/"^^'O". ^"^^ ^ mound at the end hollowed and conlrelation?o^n''' ^ 'V^'Y,^'' "" ''^^''' ^"t ^^^^ >'«" " "^'"i^^er to marts' "P^ '' ^ ^^' ^"'■' ^ ^" "^ SotdW.- enough yet greelJrons"?" Tn h'^^I^^'^ '' sometimes collected in ministers and con- thev woMlH cJ ^"«t tliey soon return but are not troubled about it or mZlH ^l-r 1° t° ^''"^'■- ^" the formation of congregations the sTanifa?we'r^nV.';f^'°''^!^'^"^'u'*^'^Sgin his dike he Sd'^ta tak sic toun J conere^a on ^Of"" ^''" yo^'ng minister is left to orj^Hnize the 'he is Far fi^?er ?^! ?I """""^ '" *he estimation of most of the people getonwe orii "ff".h .T;"''1'''- ^here is no supervision. hS may sympathrze u i thl , ^^'fu' ^^ '?" ^^ '""^ °^^' *"^^ ^is brethren wiU tCe mLv n "'^ *^^' '"*•'*= *he place to hot for him to live cient ■ couraT^n "°".^^^pt'°" ^""^ P«»cably disposed and not of suffi- Thev oav thrl h '=^7,'^1-^, h'^^'thy, public opinion in the community. AaHv Lrhl ' f ''■'^'?* ^""^ ^°"'^ hke others to do the same . espe- s"i^t L?h^v '"'""'"■' ^"'/''"^y ^*^*'' *° g'^t '"^^ trouble if thev shou d in- flocV ^nd ^ ^il qu.et.and neutral and two or three sons of Belial rule the wealth tlJo^i^ "'"'''^T*,'' •^'■^^i■''ted. Should they happen to have piSty of mint'e^ ^I ^° "^ ?*>'' ^^ are lielpless and plenty of m misters w. I! so far forget the r duty as to take oart with th.-se ch::iTo\lfrV'r •'?*'"*=' ^^'^^'^-- ^^ wouW t'nd'grUt y to the ^rolled Th' '^^'^ty and growth if these adversaries could be con- m^fh. ^''^>'°"'.'^'^'-"st«='- tunable to rule these men and so thev l^tthe^r'no^'i^'I'^",""!*"^^"^'^- The ministers give him no aid vLbv erfa?vir ^ '^7"'n ^*"" ^'^^ ^^e rich. We know of only on« 1 resbytenal visit round ail congregations in the Ottawa Valley for 50 truePr^bvTerLT''"?.'^'"'5!f''""^hey were formed. This is not the we fare^of h^^^^^^^^ ' i' d«honorable to the name and disastrous to blame bccaul he w' °'^ '*"'T ^." ^^^^^ '"^'^'^^ '""y ^^ ™"^h 1« nrnml-. • ^ . ^^^^ ""^" "'^S^^*^* t^eir dutics. To pay what thev and he f L's thll^' *i^K^^"^ '^. '^^^''^ ''^ ^°""*«* selfish ^n^ihrmnisU^ debts M^ J ' ^f ^^ ? 8^''*y '" '«^"ing a man neglect to pay up hi^ anS suffer ra?ht?K*^ "^' ^ "' '^^ "^°"S if possible. Ministe^rs wilfk]^ pav not are th ^*1 ^o"^Pel payment. The men who are bad pay 1r anS Tal^i n^JI^Te^Xbl'^'ThLT'l "*"^^- "''^'^ *'^>' ^'^'^ ^'™ riilr in rrior,,, 1 T 1 hcse adversaries exercise tyrannical of to bT^r^e^iiTn ^' '' * '^r*^ '""°"^ ^hing than most men a^x. aware When the E'd^^^^^^ » good cause. dav« ^f I?; i , ™ °^ ^^'"^''' "^^^ =^t its greatest height and glorv in the S^fomt^Ifd ?o° hS llnf of^Tv^r *°t"?"^ ^'■^''" '" ^^^^^^^'f P""^>^' ^Sat^n in R-k ^ ^ "^, °' ^y^^ = There IS not an adversary, Satan Had.H ZV*^"^ *^^'" ^f""' "^ ^is life the Lord stirred him up a fSatan) R.tin h ^^Tr^^' ^".'^ ^^^'" ^"^ ^^irred him up an adversary, liatanj Kazen who fled from the Kinfr of Znh.h op^ h«Aine c-,- f-, if il'^he^'dTJl 7 ? T^ '" Damascus. H., was aTSat'ani ad;ersar3 "to I^ad <dl the days of Solomon. This term is the name in the New Testament lit «32 HISTORY OF THE OTTAV./v \..LLEY. fnd wnml 5 ? "' ''"'^'^-r °["'^"' ^^^ °"*^ t^^f fi"« tl^c hearts of mea fe thfe ?,^tens,vcly m the Old Testament times as the serpent, called Sh L n.T ^'^■'^^^"'^"f the old serpent, the dev.l. and Satan that dcceiv ?oh^^Mlti^^''^'\^^^'''^'''^""^*^''hi^ influence in making opposition menfo^..fH; ^7 ^^o would like to be under such influence? Good men forget themselves, permit Satan to deceive them by carelessly mis- ^Jlsfion^s°.'nT' ^'^'^'t ^'''T'"'^ themselves, their temper, appetkes' To^ d f^.f ^^t'«"^^V ^^tan thereby trettinf? an advantage of them, and Tbo fr'nd " !f ^^'^'' '"^^^ ''^'^•^ ^^I't*^^ ^t his will.^SUC^gcst doubts Sy usu?p"ton"'''H^"^^ threatenings. and rei.rS'over them X anKC'l. ^ rt ^'"^' ^^' a kin.trdom and is going about continu- Bu^ h^ m.. K^' " ^'}'' '-^/oarmg lion seeking whom he n.av devour. mav not .? lu'^^'^u' !" ^''^'"'' ^^^t^" holds the citadel and though he Tm^an's emn.>rtill'H' "'^''^' ^'J ^1 "^">' ^°'^ ^ "^^hul". a border crty in wiThout aXr *'" ^'^P"^«f.:-^^d-. In ^vicked men he rci^ms supreme Ld TpiHtl^ one J Ivin ".°'.;^.'t'°" '« ternbly dangerous. He is an unclean ns^v fii? ' ^T 'P'r't '" another, teaches one extortion, another Zc7ii ''w"^ ^^^ r'"^*"' ^"°*'^^' ^'th meanness, and low cunning and Wm hV .fjy ^'^: """'• '^'"'^'^ "^ '^'^ devices." We should make a|ainst him the strongest resistance, wrestle against principalities and powerV Jlfs'sTn high"!:ces°' ''' '^^''"^^ °'^^^ "°^^^' ^^^^^ ^P'^''-^ ^^"^ ^* ^J;5»niuel Beflwasoneof the successful men ef Ayhncr He «.tered the employ of Mr R. Conroy on his arrival in this c^ount y from ^ZiTZL V^y ^Z"- K^^^ll *"d Mrs. W. Kenny were sisters ^ hi^ S^A? 'Tu'' n""^ "P ^^'^ ^"^^=^' ^"^ ^"•^e ^ whose family ^^ have seen up the Gatmeau. Mr. Bell soon displayed his capacity Z of ZdLTfrn^'tK'^'"^''^ "*j*' r^^ P^°"^°'^^ ^^ purchaseS^aH^n* If^hehotJZZJ^^'r^^^ the business ot the hotel, store, mill, farm, shanty, and also for ready sale on his T. ^I'T'J'' P^^^h*^--^. ^^«y' doing something to his ^n aSvan- ^nmnir.^"^ prejud.ce to the interest of his. employer. He soo« ac- cumulated money to lend. In a country where so much lumbering was to On^K ^"^ ''^^^u*'' ™"*'*' '" "^"=d to get their timber out and down A1i?n T'^^^' they were willing to give any interest demanded. Mr A len was always speculating and would give five dollars for a loan of fifty for a month. Samuel 5ell. Robert Stewart, Dermody, young John McCooke and Robert H. Ktock had always some to lend I^d the custom wr^nd ^n^'T"' "I?""? ^'"^ ^'■^'^ "'S^t the crime of usury. A teamster 7i^rt\^ ^A '^"^ *^^ *^*"ty with his due bill and Doyle, Egan's chiel" u^l.: Z ,^ """t to have the money, so Dermody would go out to borrow rt and return with the report that he could get it bit the man must have so much; the teamster would think of the trouble of comiiw lor It again, perhaps the ice being too bad to get across, and would co^ sent to submit to the shave. Thc-e men made money in this question- able manner. Mr. Bell in his mana^intr wav macJ*- manv thZ^s^A, iJermody told ol the beginning of his "wealth kx the 6w Coucvby. HlSTO«T or THE OTTAWA VALLEY. MS -entlemen who were raising fine sheep, would instruct their herdmen not to raise more than one iamb on the dam, so one of the twins was to tjo tor what the herdman could get as his own profit, and Mr. Dcrmody ^^ot these for little and fed them well so that they sold to good judges nearly as high as their twin brothers or sisters from the rich man's flock! 1 ne art ot making and saving once learned, the way to wealth is open. KJch men are not the happiest though almost everyone aspires after ™*"- ^^!^' '^ell accumulated many thousands. He married very late '"r. u- ^'^'1''''' McLaughlin but left no issue. She had no family and after his death married Mr. Thomas Beattv on the south shore of the Uttawa, having taken a compromise out of Sam's fortune. Mr. Robert Klock was the chief executor of Sam Bell and fell heir to a large share of the wealth, but the other relatives were provided for and none of them forgotten. Mr. Robert H. Klock's wife, a good u'oman;wasasisterofMrs. Lindsay, another good woman; and Mr. James Klock his brother, whose agreeable wife was a Miss Boulton, daughter of the well-known Mr. Boulton of Aylmer who long kept a re- spectable hotel on the corner, both brothers took to contract lumber- drawing like many others and made money. After the- uncle's death Mr. Robert Klock got limits and wrought in the square timber business for years selling in the Quebec market. Those who supported his policy and could make interest could secure from Sir John A Macdonald tirnber limits at the merest nominal prices. Mr. Klock like many others sot into his good graces and benefitted accordingly at the public expense. 1 he settled polic); was, make a little aristocracy of wealthy men at the sacrifice of the millions. What a world the future will be for those mH- iionaires and bankers who keep their a?ents turning the crank and grind- ing human beings to powder at their eight or nine per cent, with their arge dividends for so little labor, and others bearing all the burden of ta.xation. These are evils under the sun that sensible men, not cranks and thieves, could remedy if they would. No governing body has any n^^ht to give an-ay to favorites the property of the people, if that is any- r>' ri^ "a'"e gotten up for popularity. The people are kept in ignor- anceofthese things by the newspaper organ of their party and filled with lies against their opponents, and their prejudices will not permit lem to read the other side. Robert Klock planned. James Klock helped efrniff^'^M ' V^^^^ harder too. but did not secure so large a share of ecent HiffJ.^- ^'°l^- '^uf ^ "^T ^^l"^ *fi^^- "^^ ^^^^^ was more recent. His family are highly spoken of. One son is a physician in the aty n good repute with a good practice, increasing daily, which he well . h^.fVrT'^°..?^^%' ''''* ^* "^^^^ '^ "<>^ block's Wfills. where they have situated ^ J' k' ^- ^'*?-t ^^^!? '^^" ^'^"^ the C. P. It 'looks very^ finely situated and thnying-like. Of course it is chiefly for their own residences nh... Pf °P x^^/ ^""P'^y '"" th^'"" '^'■ge lumbering business. The r f. r.f'^^l. 1,™?''^-.*'"°^" ^' Aumond's Creek. The papers reported a sale of Klock shmits made some time ago amounting to neariy three lumber afo'^ fifty thousand dollars; not I trifling sum for the riches ?n lumber grown w.thoutany outlay on the public domain. Mr. Joseph Aiimond formeriy of tnts city, took up large limits and worked them for >cars m tnal quarter, following the McConnells who seem to have been the hrst to get to the Mattawa country from which they brought square k i \ h.l '•I' ih i *H HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEV. timber and red pine tpan in great abundance. Robert, the eWrst, is a member of parhament, the youngest is in the old home in Ayhiier. One of their sjsters is married to Dr. Church, a ^jrandeon of the far-famed F. H. Church, M. D. The other is married to ;i Presbyterian cleroyman in western Ontario Mr. James Klocks family arc nearly all around then, One daughter is Mrs. Dr. Church. One son, a doctor, as fine a looking man as any we have seen on the Ottawa, when we last met him ;u LampbellstJay. lie is smce married and has a fine practice at th. yuyon and around it. About 1868 Dr. Frceland took charge of the Presbyterian couunv.. tion of Aylmerand was doing a good work in Bible instruction amomr the young people of that place. He was a talented preacher descrvin- of a much better field. The brethren were so pious, however, that tli({^ harassed him nearly to death on the s ore of .some old rumour or goss „ A >r'^^\to"Si'es that was pcrha) s over a quarter of a century oKI and which they could make nothing of after a good deal of fuss an.l smoke but no fire. The hberal education and commanding talents of tl>c poor old gentleman combined with his energy in his work roused some oppositK n in little minds but he was permitted to go on with his woik til one day coming m snow blind or sun blind he walked Into an open cellar and m the fall broke a Kmb. He was taken down to the hospitHJ m the city for treatment, and when we saw him the bones had been set and the leg in a kind of box with charcoal on each side of it. but it never recovered and he died. He was succeeded by a young man not long ordaineo and married, who spoke out audibly of what a work he was ffomg to do there. We heard him ourselves. His vaporings soon e\^p- «rated, and he left without making the promised impressions or being considered ver>' extraordinary. An old fellow student, Mr. JamiesotJ was there for some years. After him came a fair sample of an Irishman reputed a good preacher, who after a few years went to the Northwest Si»ce that they have had students ami missionaries till of late they have had a young man ordained who is well reported for his talents and mdustry. • TT^r!^* ^^^^^ ®^ Engknd was organized as the first of all denominations HI Hull sametime between the first planting of the colony in i8cx) and tiic tjMn scattered settlements in March and Huntley and Richmond in 1818, Tbe Hull congregation took in swch Episcopalians as were in Ncpean and Gloucester at that time, and Rev. Amos Ainsley miiii.stered to them going up sometimes to March to boJd services in the little church buih by Mr. Pinhey on his ewn farm. Bytown was not yet laid out nor thought of, beyond the little landing at Collins" first store, alicrwards ©ailed the Richmond landing. Mr. Sparks bought in 1826. After this Col. By came and located the canal. Shanties began then to be raised and Corkstown was named. Then came Ke\ . Adam Hood Burwel' who seems to have largely filled the place of Mr. Ainsley who was not there in 1833. Mr. Burwdl must have labored m'lch among the Hul! peo^te as there was no village, only the scttleinent on the farms around Mr. Wright, whose possessions wrrf: so Jaroe as to leave him almost alone in the earth, so many prropk were tiken with Mr. Burwell, who still re- mained in the Church of Englaiui though propagating what afterwards wss called Irvingism. M1ST»RY 9F THE ©TTAWA YALLEY. J }oU±,r^?^,^^' tT. ' int." ^li J*'"-^?' afterwards C,,>on t*«™sdresafthc*erVLo M M^^^^ people seemed to avail i«40. wh«reiaaiSed;indrcsklcd first tuZifp ^' Mns*"", abo%rt fe«ilt him a stone hoir*c onuSirc iLvh^^ Presbyt.-na« mat,sr. «,.„ bo..,.ht. and Mr. Mrto^nTe^ll'd^ht'st oftHL^^^^ r^'Ifun'^Ti."^^ sa«e time; thcTrrfcr a»Uk^ .wl^^^'^ "'^*''y ^^^-"^ »»'« schoothoisc. and oriJatJ Iwe Inter. uIj ^^^^ ^""^ '" ^^•■'y **~e^ ^"'^^•^ ship^ndno^atlV fngmThe^^^^^^^^^^ P-t of the Un- c^ now occVie. ^i„ our t" L'coul of yo^^^^^^ V^* ''^'''T '"^ "wn the oountrv to >rrann» fnr tU. .' J 7"""!; men came down The younr f,m, ioman iw^rHn^L ,u """''"I ""I <:oul'l net do k for. So s. J "r'hrsh^rircou'f ■'"""'''■' "^-^ «'■'- *«■ -dJarr^hc^Te^'ctteni'Virtirtrrrr ""'"'l'" "P ^'^-■' *= W«h Imcc »f h^-;, fi5 I ■; °, '""i" ";"' ''"° Rood 'l=m»n<i »nd brouehl a a«l «ir. footXrorroduceVr eatk-'adS bvX °' ^""^ "^i^ for tbc saddle and sleieh as well J f^r Mu. r -Su ''?"'« P'°Pl'> soo, l«ca«<. more popuUr. ReillJ I°d w1|sKL°'Sr' i^'"" '?'=''^>'-'»>ad3 SrstDrauons then nv,l,.r Uh„V "''^O" "' K'^'imond introduced bro,«i,t';hehoavLVandfine-L°ofa^r"r*i; ",' "'""'"^ '"''" Chrke, ^^•eahh vril! ^ivc high prices for vauable horses '^^rj'^''' w.th c.^eat o«irvtry in theworld tor-ii^f^^M.l rr.l K ""'^f^^- ^'^'^'^e is no better t^eOtJaw. TL°lti?/;^'4 ^'^ valley of -. isA.r jo.nt^ aic clean and wcii-iormed for endurance. t. >• III •a im rs 1 rs" ■ mm ■UTORT OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. Tfec pasture hmds are dry, the grass fjood, and colts are seldom in the mud, and the diy snow of winter is so much more favorable than slop and slush in fielcfs and yards. A horse raised here will sell in New York at about a fourth to a third more than one of like proportions raised i' the middle states. Wages in the early times was more in proportion to prices than ia after times or at present No farmer can now pay high wages without giving his own time for nothing. The stumpers harangue us on mixed farming vvhich they have read irom papers or heard from others, but their mixed farming like their two row barley is only to di- vert attention from more important issues. Prices are about half what they were forty years ago. With cheese at seven cents and butter at fourteen, m xed farming comes to grief. The hired man has the be.st of k. His wages are higher than formerly and the same money w ill procure him double what it did then, whilst the farmer gets only half wkat he was wont to get and the men clamour for shorter hours which he cannot give them. One hundred dollars a year with board was coanted good vvages for many years and the man's family lived as well as his employer's, but to bring Wdges to ten or twelve cents an hour is to shut out labor. Now the vote is hunted up by the politician and the laborees govern the country. Newspapers are wild, extravagantly wild, on high wages. The hired man must get time to read the papers, whilst the farmer has none. The farmer must educate the children of the hired naan, then he must give him a wage his land will not pay, the next will be a jjcnsion. Wl^en tliie franchise was confined, many people were not discovered or known, now they have got to enjoy great prominence. Let us be devoutly trratefiil for the reformation. We read of millions collected in the cities in a slate of demi-starvation asking to be led to war rather than starve, k would be safer to work for moderate washes on the farm. Ntst to naention the sacrifice of human life and the nameless horror of the battle-field, tins would be the most effectual way of wasting and con- suming the eaminfs and savings of age.s, and should they survive the carnage, they couJd make fame the order of the day and the glory of kutehering their feU®w men, the theme of their exultation, when wealth was annihilated and the smoke of the cities they had left in ashes was ascending the skies. The condition of the fawner who has his all in- vested in land stock and implements must be more the object of the politician and the newspaper man, whilst they neglect in no wise the condition of the laborer and his offspringj. The farmer has a vote worth looking after. If workingmen would not play so much at knighthood and union cambinations, but stick to tlicir work and be content with their wages, spend far less on railroad c xcursions, especially, if they would avoid p»W»e show.s, gambling and the saloon, things and places Bvt only unnecessary, but injurious, and which sensible people avoid as poison; they would be in better condition and society, would breathe ifiiore freely and wars become unnecessary. They' should shun the tkings that steal away their time, money and character, unfit them their occiapatioiW; and entail on them and theirs the greater misery. tli« reflective side of Christianity, the sober honest thinking, is as for If im- tVst the 1 ».i_ _f 1- ui wuirv. SO much show and carries so many off their Iiiiijciuu^iiy feet, and even ^ HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLET. trf lose their head, then surely the working away qajetiv with head and t not the only, certainly the brightest hope before as of bettering and Sad V e^rSrS"' '°"^'Ir ' ^' '' "°^ *^^ ^^ ^*g« ^^^ ^^^ timeout the wffhoLTP J!?"^"*. *^^* compensates best. iVenty-six dolla« a month fourllbT 5 *^''"^y'l''^*'^"^^*^*y''^o"^d leave him only sixty- da vl^i.Vh f' «<=^f"ty-fiye cents, which is less than twenty-five^cenS a me^n^Tv mo fh *'• *^';u^-^'^^* ^^"^"^ American farmen do^ not emploj rardTs^e..Mf ^^l^-"' g^"«'-^"y- One quarter dollar a day aS duce a kr^i/ 't*" '^r' '''"P'^y- . "^^'^ '^^^^' '"i*" but can y<^ pro- per cent^M^in^ ^'" ^"o"^.??""^ '" **^" y*^^^ °"* ^»^« labor aid three per cent on his mvestment? We remember men working wefl in tbt ho:T.^1onI::i'' 1?"^" ^.-onth with board. The farmer's wSk^S S^ fLr^K^f^! *^^? ^u '"^"^and his reward much less if his stock it d^n sh?uH fin'" T ? '^/ *""°.""'- "^^^ newspaper .nan and the pouS hbUor ff thet Tn'Sf ^""'"''i^ P'"' '" '^"^ y^" °" his investment and tl'efromKi,^ ^^''yj^^l^^^^f^^"*^^^^^^^ save him a nihe Dominion ^ ^hef'^ °^'^ ^"'■^'" ^^^° '"^"y high-salaried me. fLT;iv°^"'°";..^^f^''"^er has some stake besides his vote which ^c politicians of the past have done their utmost to make wortWeS^ Ocean cables, steamships, railroads, that have made sTmrnymiUionarS" notJ?h'''*"''''^^u"P'l!^^^P^^^^^«'°'"°"^ politicians tha^tXy think and ?ie Hir'°"^' "^"^ ^"? '"^'"*^^' '^' ^^^ts they have involved «"n and the discouragements thrown in the way of the people, making oro- fdTof'c^?? r^K '^li^'l \"^^^"^ "^"^ '"^^* lig&er!^ tS gofge^ous aoofth^I. °f"^/''*''*^-\^^*^ people's pockets are emptied intf the hSDri^of?h.nr f^r-^°"''e."^^^^^ ^"^ '« the revenue! wVfh^r^l P°.*i"?u^'"S*^h'Sh =^ that of the imported article t^i? t^ avenue added has so deluded and mtoxicated the politician h?ouil%^ "^T^^ mcapabks of reasoning, they have seen everything hk nfoH? "^^"^ ^l^T" ?L**^" ^ ^°"ble. The farmer's wealth is doubled^ ^L«drwJ°"^^f'''.'^ prices doubled, the home market doubled wages doubled, contentment and happiness doubled. The wealth of the manufacturer mcreased forty fold and the country has been s^prosperou! that Acre » no room to pile up the fruits and the goods. This lesson dSiS^ i^ught evetyone from the editor to the newsboy and the drain- ihSh;K. ^•^"^i°i_'*°/"^ the wealth and prosperity of the people in for wnrt^ S ^T^^' ^y '^^'"?" shivering over her sawhorse and begging IZ ™ V *" J^J°spe"ty of the country became the watchword of half heir tST "^ ^tV^''" ^^"i'^?^^^^^ *hey gnashed on you with ,l!n^ u ^' ^*? ^"^"^ *'°"S ^'■^"^ Newfoundland to Vancouver's island. It was rolled along the valleys and over the mountains up to the clouds but It smelt of Bishop Campron's inspiration, coulo not be adniitted, but was huried back in the faces of its inventors to their utter contusir , and the opposite inspiration was inhaled by honest men and men of truth and in the quarters where least expected, and the reply is a esson the most striking, and except to fools, the most instructive of any tning m the whole land for vears To den^Uy^ rn«n .^ .-^..^..^^ui. ..^ unpardonable It is the blind leading the blind, and deep is\he"drtcrii' 12S F'TORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. ;:! which they land. The meeting of the two leaders after the election was Hke that of the banker and the lawyer after the defeat of their i)arty. They met in the parlor of the hotel as drscribed by the western editor. "Joe fell on the Major's neck and the Major fell upon Joe's neck and they both wept and Joe said to the Major this is h— 11." The defeated gentry feel as if in a scene of enchantment as if they found nothing real anywhere Their occupation is gone to return no more. They are not likely to cry up the prosperity of the country. Everything they contem- plate is sure to put forth as a mirror their great disasters. The best thing they can do will be to turn their attention to the condition of their neighbors whose yearly contributions indirectly have swelled their store of wealth, and lend them at 3^ per cent, as they receive about that for bank deposits or say 4 per cent, and encourage the draining, stumping, removing stones and levelling of their fields. This will improve the farms and make the country impro\ e in every respect around them It will turn barren land to productiveness, brown fields to verdure, an(' instead of scanty returns they will yield bountifully. It would greatly encourage the improvement of stock and give a new impul.=e to the farmer to better his condition, stimulate his genius to reach a higher standard of agriculture, raise and feed better animals, and more profitable crops, evoke something in his nature favorable to himself and to the gen- eral benefit of his race. This would be to retaliate on themselves for their selfish love of money, gtarve the appetite for usury and would also wake upa forgivenne.ss in the people once fleeced but now befriended m their day of need. It would do more, even produce gratitude for their generosity as a proof that their repentance was really genuine, and put the humble farmer a step or two on the way to prosperity if not inde- per>dence. Their lands thus cleared of stumps and stones, well under- drained, sub.soiled and top-dressed, would soon yield in richest produc- tions more than would pay back the loan as well as reward the owner and tiller of the soil besides greatly improving it for the time to come. What an advantage it would be to nu el anics and small traders to got little sums in their pinch at a mo('er;ite rate. Money is generally locked up in banks where they lend at 8 or 9 per cent, giving dividends of sixteen per cent or over free' from any taxation to either Government or municipality, and where these poor men, cannot borrow except to their utter ruin. The institutions «hoi.Iil be held to five per cent, or taxed two per cent, on their whole stock and restricted to not more than seven per cent, on their short loans. TIk; corporations make rules, tlicir servants or employees must carry thcni out. and usury, fraud, and otieii oppression, freely follow. No institution should be permitted unlimited power to extort above what is jist and ccjual from the community. For two years the whole land h.i« 1 i en convulsed over the Manitoba School Bill of l.'-'Qo, drawn ui) b3' Mr. M riin, afterward.s M. P. for Winni peg, and who defended it with great al .lity in the Dominion Parliament. It was displeasing to the bi.shops ,nu' tley' procured an appeal to the Privy Council. That highest tribunal in the empire decicied that it was constitutional. A second appeal \y?.s sent ami decided that the minoritv had an appeal to the governor in council in the event of a grievance. The Government hyiMicritically, as themselves and snr i in. rs have amply proved since, to keep the solid Catholic vote, took up the matter riii HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLET. S49 as if the Privy Council had commanded them to Icgisiate, oercmjr tiu govcnunent of Manitol^a to enact a separate school law. In txvo elections n *^ ^' n'T 't.° ^^'^'*"''* refuse-! to do this. Then arose dissension in the « Dwell Cabmet One half suf^poited the Premier, the other was in revolt, declarmg the Premiers incapacity to lead such talented statesmen. The Premier dr.scnbed these as "a ne^t of traitors." The leaders in the nc... were Hon. G. Poster, and Sir C. H. Tapper, their object being to bring bir C. lijpper, Bart, to become Premier alter the dethronement of Sn^ Mckenzie Bowel! When it was found the Bart., was likely to ome they returned to their allegiance. So the Carons, the Angers, all the re- voiters returned and became a happy family, reconciled and cemented together in undying friendships, all agreed on coercion. A sixth unne- cessary extra parliament was called to pass the bill which, with Hercu- lean labor they got only to a second reading and the !»essiondid nothing but under the forms of law relieve the country people of about half a million of dollar.s. j r t- . Hon. Clarke Wallace disgusted with coercion, resigned office and emoluments. b.;t the others clung to the thousands with the fidelitv of true money grabbers, their watcinvord being, no surrender. Hon. Clarke Wallace was beginning to secure popularity when he.went back on him- self and lost cast in North Grey. there he threw overboard coercion, planking It on the Liberals who always repudiated h. Politicians who build and destroy what they have built, are to be pitied as well as laughed at, as they prove themselves too shaky for any but idiots to put confi- dence in. Quum Dens viilt perdere pntnum dementit. The ninety- nine hours session showed the calibre of the Baronet. The profundity of the motions ana resolutions of Foster and the windy Baronet, show that T^ r r^ ^^^'^ *,''^5 thousands attached to office, they wiU shift hun- dreds of thousands irom the almost empty pockets of the Canadians to the rather full pockets of the members. How little regard for one another these men show ? No sooner is the Baronet elected by the inspiration of Bis.iop Cameron than he kicks out Foster and takes the lead of the House. How could such a man expect an orderly patient hearing from any meeting he should address He was not able to dislodge the Pre- mier till the parliament expired, then he became a kind of de facto pre- mier for a f\v short weeks. Oh! how he regrets relinquishing the 14,^00 f y«^f; «''th the pickings in London. His elevation and fall wore s. near together that the great L L \. elevated above the clouds in such sunlight was plunged mto the thick darkness in the cold storage of opposition. Hannibal sitting m the burnt ruins of Carthage w as only a beginning to ^his The pariiament expired, the adverse election tipped the scale and all was lost. Truthfulness they never knew but have been speaking the opposite smce they were bom. Honesty, if they were ever instructed in It, has been under an irredeemable mortgage since they entered on man- hooG, and honor is a word that nevrr figured in their vocabulary; but as Horace Greeley once said of some of their politicians. "It is no use to kick a dead ass. The defeat was a calamity. "The '^traitors" with the tsaronet at their head thoiirrht i-h^v u/r^iU e,..— ^ *k- r\ ._: ?_ ... ^ f.u°il-!i"? establish a perpetual reign of pride and poverty for another cycle of delusions. 1 he Tupper= regarded themselves as our hereditarv rulers and all the mUkons as hereditary bondsmen They had broken I i : 'Hi i. \ I ■■ i<'^ .1 ■ i ■5 I 230 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. I i the compact and filled all openings in the Senate and on the Bench with disappointed politicians who were ready to sustain them in every thing s-ut up to the Senate or the courts as the records of the country clearly show. No one would charge the judges with perverting judgment only l'\c evidence was so clear on the suitable side that the decision was made ea»j\ The reports of minorities were never made by the friends of the Government. This spoke -olumes for the appointments. Fallen human nature presents many peculiar features. The juror was in a corner on the trial of the bishops in the days of James II. If he favored the bishops, he brewed no more for the king, if he favored the king he brewed no more for the bishops. The Government charged the Liberals with obstruction in the last session, now they are charged with tht: same. This last obstruction had money in it. That was the brewer's trouble. If obstruction was wrong for one it was wrong for both. On the Coercion Bill men vote ' for the first reading and against the second there seemed to be nothing sincere in them throughout They do in power and undo it in opposition. We have^contended for a great abbreviation. of the legislating material to below one half. A gentlemen of this city thinks thirty-three per cent, of the clergy should be at some other honest calling, we think fifty per cent, of our M. P. gentlemen are very unfit to legislate. Some portions of the race are more for orna- ment than use, these for neither and very expensive as a luxury. There seems to be lack of judgment in being up to public gaze, wasting time, debating the folly of making offices and appointments which could not be constitutionally admitted and filled. The country it is admitted, has run down for many years and it may take double the time to get it in good running order again. The railroad companies, navigation compan- ies, manufacturing companies and numerous combines have bee i related so nearly in affinity or consanguinity with the Government and its sup- porters thavflittlc or no hope could be entertained of anything for the farmer but what could be ground out of him. He asks no favors at the expense of his fellow laborers, only that his labor shall receive a fair r ward not inferior to that of the mechanic and the hard-worked employe of Government, but to get less for his toil and no per centage on his in- vestment in land stock and machinery, whilst he contributed to th^j wealth or the idleness of others in any other place or calling. Most uf the improvements of the country have been done at the farmers' ex- pense. He has been the strong beast of burden for every government to pack, till now like the old horse, with ringbone and spavin and spring- halt, galled back, fretted breast and diminished grinders, he lies down under the load and the whip of his oppressor. They have made the country pay for the railroads, handed them over to parties, powerful enough to tax their produce all it can endure. Every man in every kind of business, office or calling, likes to have the lion's share if possible. The 2S,ooo,ocx) acres made as a grant to the C. P. R. has not been patented but as sold. Sir John and the other cunning foxes knew that little of it would be sold during the twenty years' exemption from taxation So they waited for discoveries that they might secure the best and out-hector himself They hold lands high and wait till settlers have made them valuable. They had friends at court. Adversity is no use to many people, the HISTORY OF THE vjTTAWA VALLEY. 231 mortar and the pestle are in vain, madness is in their hearts. But they will work out their own destruction The passing wonder is that people gifter with intelligence can ever let such men be leaders or ever be induced to follow them. Someone has said that a man who could not tell pease from barley should not be at the head of the agriculture of the country. In the United States an expert in the milk business testified that he could not tell cow's milk from mare's. But a minister of rail- roads should know a locomotive from a wheelbarrow, and the minister of marine and fisheries should be better acquainted with the finny tribes than to confound a mud pout with a whale. In education the north shore of the Ottawa is not in a state of effi- oncy except in very few places. The idea of a separate Protestant school is a blind only. There is no provincial school system. It is only religion that is taucrht in the common school, if that term can be em- ployed. A distinguished lawyer said the boys were very polite as he met them, pulled off their caps and bowed their salutation, but when he asked them in French what they were studying said in the politest way, "petit catechism." The great defect in common branches of an educa- tion so apparent, must have moved the late Premier Mercier to establish night schools, which was deeply interested in, both in city and country, but which on his dismissal disappeared like a vision in sleep, or the melt- ing snow in the spring. The counties around Ottawa were among the earliest to form agri- cultural societies and show fairs were held every fall. Township societies and fairs were organized and were .almost exclusively in the interest of the farmer and mechanic, who were the producers and inventors of ma- chinery and instruments of service in farm, garden, dairy, and cheese and butter making. Of late years these have greatly degenerated and are now much against the farmers' interest. A few stock raisers that feed a few animals beyond all bounds and cart them about from city to city and fair to fair are carrying a\vay the prizes among them and shutting the farmers up to their township shows, as they can not afford to feed a few animals to bursting, that they might compete with professional breeders, but be useless on the farm as brood or milch animals and even too fat for butcher's purposes. Fast horses are valuable for special pur- poses but when they are used for racing and gambling it is a perversion from legitimate use to shameful abuse of the animal and still more de- grading to the degenerate souls that win or lose money on them. The legitimate exercise of these fleet steeds is very entertaining to onlookers and even a young Lochinvar may carry off a willing bride to rouse the enthusiasm of the party and defy their fleetest steeds to capture her, and she too may be better mated than with a soulless body or booby as you please; but the betting can be avoided and save young people from the facile desensus avemus of gambling under the very eyes of the law and the eyes of the House of Commons. Things that belong not to the de- corative, good, or the useful should not be encouraged. It may pay the large stock raiser and the fine horse fancier but the public purse should not be dived down into too far for this kind of gratification. Our purse is U?ht and cannot oieet such detnands: In 18 veai^ we have ?one in debt an average of about $16,000,000 a year. Tho interest costs us nearly $3 a head on every soul in the population annually. I« it a tim« !! ill 'ii III ■■}■', iM:- 'if i m wmv^ a 233 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEV. tl,afif„ff'^^"*5°>°°°f''''>n exhibition. Thev know wpll thfJlM ""= '"R'^ly 0"t of tlie farmers that reap ony^the benfiro only Wead anf ^h?" ^^pP'" "'i «="'"« '*= '^e Romans that reqS r« become less ferdle „cre all these faneiedS abolislS' ' I 'we couW Ottawa 27mI'1,^ ^"''T «"'"" '■" *= S'"f -•"'"! f"''* 1 ke Toronto uttawa and Montreal, and locate round each 01' these centres what ThS fxlfw; . ";-'"S'""'?r 'P="; °" '""""'ebank part and on the ouSde show h r,' n rc'ktSZi rs„"'"'^ r'''^'^'^- »"'• "^^i^-^y. ''-"^d thrr^wr. , 1 1 ^'^^'^^'^ ''S'lt. Sonuicli encouraGTement to vice so mnrh o bZovvt ' -'' "'""''• ^^i^-r^'^'"'^'' °" ^^'^'•^^ than folly, when' we^ave owsr^d,oidlt'ain?fi"dr;^:'l'n;:if.:;,-^ pleasure or robust vigor in the coohng breezes or leafy green shades in the hazel dells or the tufted firs that crown the brovvs^of t^Iofty moun tains. The societies prescribe courses of reading and studies for SJadC ates under-graduates, post graduates and all classes and kinds of readet^" I-ecturers on all kinds nf subin^'^= f.•-^..^^^ .v .- V . "^ i^^aaers. finishing school for ttose who wishtue^ubl/srSer^measlittte short HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. we observe not to be ' borrowing lly, bitterly nen change now good. t of a fair stock, prod- nd the pere- lanager ex- exhibitions :ity to come know well le benfit of at required ie in their itle. W6re indulge in 'e need to :imates as- hey caused other. Let ids. before a 1 increased lese lands we could e Toronto, ivhat they le outside /, it would ;, so much 1 we have re is also n. All is delightful mountain, 2en mead- and cot- summer I the lady e gentle- h seeking lades, in ty moun- ir gradu- f readers, a sort of :tl€ short of world-wide renown. Inter alia in 1896 it received a vi.sit from Bishop Vmcent of the Methodist Episcoi);il church, concerning whom a very reliable writer to the press of Philadelphia, reports a lecture, deliv- ered to an audience of a thousand people in which he read with appr )ba- tion from what he called a very refined and mo.st Christian wo.aan, chargmg Mary with being a sinner and the child Jesus with being born Ml sin, and the sin put upon the church as a miracle. She repudiates the doctrine of the Trinity as not known till 51 1, A. D., denying the necc-,sity of the atonement. The bishop said he personally believed in the di v inity of Christ, but dwelt not on it nor a word on the Trinity but sternly de- nounced preaching dogma from the pulpit. All that people needed was to receive Christ, as a man to be saved, not troubling themselves about ttie miraculous statements in the Scriptures. The Bishop seems to know more about the fine qualities of his correspondent than of the teachmgs of the New Testament. These two sinners direct a united attack ori the humble Virgin, a thing easily done as she was not present to defend herself. Why these brilliant spirits remain in the Christian church IS a wonder, when Islamism and Confusianism are open to them and the Chinese Duke Li, could have fraternized with them if not too old, and established them against the dogmas of Christianity, of which they seem to be hopelessly innocent. People of common attainments discover the dogma of the Trinity in the writings of Moses, Samuel and Uavid, existing long before the New Testament was written or the pro- ductions of theology in systematic order by Augustine, Calvin or H(xlge and a thousand others. If we believe Moshiem, Waddington and otherr 5n A. D. or the sixth century was not more remarkable than others for display of genius or great scholars to invent dogma. Was it a revolt from the extreme of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin which wafted this pair to the other extreme of charging home impurity It is quite as dangero-js to believe too little as too much. The narrative of Mary is true indicating no sin and no disposition to deceive the ages Christians as well as Jews admit the mysteries of their religion. Religion without mystery could not be true. Our existence is a mystery— the umon of soul and body, the influence of the one on the other, the associa- tion of our ideas are all inexplicable mysteries. The generation of Eve irom Adam without a mother was as extraordinary as the generation of Jesus from Mary without a father. Each is a creation. "A body hast thou prepared me." Jesus Christ is the head of the new creation "the hrst-born of every creature", the first begotten from the dead. He is before all things and by him all things consist. Adam was fir-t formed then tve. He called their name Adam in the dav when they were created Ever since the wife is called by her husband's name while he lives and she as a widow after his decease. The captive girls of the Midianites were "Nepesh Adam" human souls, daughters of Adam Nunb Ihe portion of Adam is formed into the lovely beautiful Eve The por tion of Mary is formed into the human body of the Mediator God mani- est in che fle^h. fheir is no sin in either. Each is created by the liand of God himself, the Spirit that garnished the heavens. The second man is the Lord from heaven, the union of the divine and human 03. ujres, in the Mediator, in contrast with the first man of the earth earth' Without this union Jesus could not be a Saviour. He is fairer than the :f r- I m III m 1' i: '('■ i' HI 7 : !\Ji ^i; II •3- HlSiUKV OF lilt OITAVVA VALLIN' red into bis lips and to him the Spirit is fivM sons of men. Grace it \ without measure, Stejihcn spake of Moses as exceeding fair, l nc tace of Jesus Christ did shine as the sun. Ilis mouth is moiit swrct, never man spake hkc this man. Ho is King of Kings and Lord of Lords. He must reign till death is destroyed. Me died for our sins, put them away by his sacrifice, obtained eternal redemption for us, reigns in Heaven, makes intercession for u.s there to the Father. There may be men that cannot see the graniicur of C'hrist nor the glory that encircles him and his work, and yet talk of refinement, in a woman capable of pouring torrents of abuse on the most blessed among women, and the mcst sub- lime and soul satisfying doctrines of Revelation. Such refine incnt I Such Christians! Can they be descended from Adam and Eve or are they not from an inferior source, a less worthy origin ? We may defy any one to tell the story of Mary and the mysteriotis birth as that is told jf there were a sin to hide. Fancies never change facts. God saw in the future the race as fallen and it pleased Him to provide a remedy. W*s it not meet that one in the nature that had sinned and fallen should raise it again ? "Made of a woman, made under the law to redeem them that were under the law, that we might receive the adoption of sons." Elizabeth says "the mother of my Lord." Is it likely that a refined woman, that would even dare to speak lightly of the motner would value the advocacy the intercession of her Son ? Her prayer would be vain even if her ribald language did not bring her under execration. Human- ity, education, refinement, high Christian principle, the modesty that so highly adorns the female; all protest to high Heaven against such un- clean thouglits from the heart, clothed in such language from tke lips and the pen of a woman whose sex Jesus Christ has so exalted and adorned in the hidden man of the heart with godliness showing itself in good works. In that beautiful form, unequalled in the wide range of creation, the woman, should there not be cultivated, that which excels all the glorious beauty of outward form, the variegated shades of the rainbow, the gorgeous radiance of the setting sun, the roses of Sharon or Cashmere, the complex excellency of vision shining out from the con- trasts of the most complimentary colors in the richest flowers, wild or cultivated, over the face of this blessed world, "the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit which in the sight of God is of great price." This too will endear her to her race and kind, make the plainest face to bloom in the eyes of the husband and he will kiss the cheek, be it white, rosy, pale, olive, brown or black, with an admiration unfathomable. This beauty of the soul will bring the brif,hte.st beams from the dullest eye, and the moulding, heaven-tending influence of such a woman will brighten her own s\veet home and greatly contribute to the elevation of society where that influence can be exerted. Set the most rigid bounds to your feelings which words cannot express, and they will burst their barriers as the image comes up in your thoughts of a woman once exceedingly beautiful, wise and prudent, always sweet, gentle and kind, whose piety • never blanched, and whose fortitude never failed, but whose removal from your hearth and home, impoverished you more than if millions had been stolen from your treasury. Lord Littleton said of his treasure: 'Polite as all her life in courts had been and good as she the world bad never seen." -criTOKT OF TUB OTTAWA YALLIY. OtII •is T t aders jviU excuse us if we do not polute cmr thouifhts or our jn and pajfes, with a description of the contrast. We pity and pray for the repentance of a woman who can unsex herself and pervert f!ict8. «,M*-\ •,?.*""°"''l"'^"°'''^""'*="- A bishop capable of endorsing •uch imbecility such extravagance, is in danger of being reckoned a demagog .,e His elevation has turned him giddy. He had been safer m the simplicity ofthe primitive church thanlording it in this maimer, rhese two oeoole are offenders against the good taste of refined society and should be denied admission to it anywhere. Had the bishop and his much admired correspondent been trained in a knowledge of that little catechism gotten up by some sensible Englishman at old Westminster, the one would have had her mind too clear and sonnd to have written •uch a bungle of a letter and the bishop, even a tulchan, would have understanding m revealed truth too profVnind, to occunv a position for- bidden in Scripture or put forth such false doctiine as salvation by a man only. His thoughts of inspired truth, and of its eternally binding author- 2i^!^^"- J''uPu°'^"'^*^'^^'"^/'■°^'''^^'"''^^'^'■^'^*« the beginning of wiadom m which he seems deficient. That woman (should be a lady) ought to reconsider her rash judgment about the Creator. Is anytiiinc Immani^'" Tu' u'^u'^^ t''?. '" ^"^ ^'st year. A Virgin brings fortH Immanuel The bishop .should reconsider his divinity and repent in dust and ashes and reform his teaching lest his wall of hay and stuhble De ournt to ashes. i^h/JIJISk *"!'*''""°"^T'*^'\*^^''^K°'"8:.a little later in this year, 1896, ano her clergyman from the Isles of the ocean visited the east end rLTn!^! ^^;k''°m"'''"^ * "°*f °^ ^''•'"'"K '" ^*^"'- "*■ evolution as in ac- cordance with all science. Is science the knowledge of facts as found Dy experience ? It must be in its infancy requiring crc-atcr develon. mentereitcan be reconciled with ascertained factl ^IhirWesIcya^ fo^m°VL"?i ''^!I ^"i^.M,''''^^^^'"*" «''^^ ^y «v"'"t'"" i^^^ his present form, and then stood still or rather took to degeneracy, for giants seldom hS?on'ha,*'K' '*" '" •"^^'^T """*"'''^"'- This law, if it be I law of cvo- ii a ^;i J*" inoperative for six thousand years in our own experience Sf.ffo Uo .iP^°ri^ " u^ *' resemble one another; no branch striking vHon J^ 1^ ^^'^ others, by taking on and budding wings or horns, or de. co&L ;?*;• '" ^^1^^ ^^ t^l' °' **^''"^ °" nore beautiful h- es of colour, or adding another to the five senses already developed. Ev nlu- tion has m our own species stood still, for say, six thousand years The ofThVtn'J?! °1 *• "°"i^^y tribes that are nearest to us in resemblance hitfr^ -yi,^. ?*V°"- ^l""?"^ i^f^"" ^^^'"^ '^ °"'y improvement, not c vo- lution. This Professor thinks Adam and Eve were created but is not sure* Care in matchine and assortment, climate and food, make creat im- provement in creatures. We have no evidence in our history of one animal becoming another by evolution. Some old species may' drop out ThZ^ ^^[•.^"^'^""^^PP**""^- There may be degencracv. Iheselnepioi) children ol sciencedonot mean any insult by their nursery stones, but having wealth and leisure can entertain the lovers of novelty whoarenot^prepared to combat them and care nothing whetliet they «j^= wuc ur i.w .. nir vviiiiam uawson, the monarch of the whole empire 01 modern research and the prince of scientists in all his carefully written I ! il 236 HISTORY OF THL. OTTAWA VALLIY. works nrvrr looks on rvnlnti.Mi in any other lifrht than that of \mpn ▼•- mciu or ilcvcl lo|mK.iit, of which cvcr>' f)lf\nt and animal arc capable. Shallow thinkers arc so pK-asod with phantoms of discovcrii's as to be up and riMd>' lo proclaim tlunn on the house-tops. So much passes for science which is only on the hypothetical side of it that not a few are intoxicated with these fantastic forms that like atmosj)heric vapors are ever chan!,nnR their forms as the wind blows them swiftly away into the domain of dreams and cloiidlantl. These authors ami lecturers are not without interest as they treat of subjects much better than novels and are often elotinent, sii(.;:^cstive, entertaining; assisting in their place the observer anel the experimenter. An old Covenanter lady in Pennsylvania objected to having the Psalms of David e.vchan^fed for lij^dil hj-mns as they would run through the heads of the children like Rohm Hood's ballads. What wc demur to in these theories is their unfounded condition. If the account of crea- tion given by Moses is incorrect wh>' do they not give a correct one ? They swin^ their battering rams a;;.iinst the walls of his fine old fort or cilailcl bdt they have not mo\ed a stone and the defenders feel so safe that they hang init no bed of feathers or a sack of chafT to deaden the blow of the ram's head. An old Hebrew, though not a very spiritual man, would say to these men, "/fV kmnc that (iod spake by Moses" but we know not whence ye are. An old Scotchman praying before bed- time (was heard by two younj]^ preachers passing his door in the moon- light who had themselves officiated in the church of which the old man was an elder) for the spiritual wants of the flock confessed that "they had been fed witli an empty spoon that day." This Enijlish evohitioni.st Wesleyan Professor and the .^vmericaa Episcopal Methodist Bishop rcc|uire a careful Oiverhauling, such as the Presbylcf.ans gave Urs. Smith ami Briggs, or the infidel dogmas they teach will lie at the doors of their denonnnations. There will not be a jeer uttered by a sincere Christian at the loudest stroke of the ecclesiasti- cal rod on the backs of such wi.se scientists. One objects to the dogma of creation, the other on redemption, for if Jesus had been a sinner he couUl not have been a ReikM-iner. The man or the woman who would read the first chapter of the G(jspel by Matthew^and the first and second chapters of the Gospel by Luke, weigh the announcements of the angels and the expressions of ICliz^hcth and Mary, the just character given to Joseph and then entertain doubts and remain sceptical, are among the most hopcU s.; and incurable cases in our unfortunate fallen and degraded race. Pe-v'! -r,) jk of hones tdoibts. That looks like a blind leader, a sleeping sentinel, an honest thief, a white negro. It is impossible for the true God to lie, is it hotiest to doubt His word ? Christianity triumphant in the face of all oppv->-;ition for nineteen hundred years and stronger to-day than ever is a standin,j miracle, a lestiinony to the truth, a fulfillment of the prophecies going before for long ages by inspiration, and prophetic from the Most Ili^^h God, the Maker aiul possessor of Heaven and earth. The man who doubts that these starr\- 1 leavens around us were created, the man who doubts the divinity of the Son, of God and the humanity 01 ti'.e Son of Mary, and presumes to teacii men, must rank far below the very least in ti^e Kingdom of Heaven. Physic metaphysics. i.1 rrrmorr of ttie Ottawa VALLrr. 237 -Wil'''' J^*" ''r**n "'f """^ ""^ otttrnths Of the humlilo, irrtellecmy jblmu Mar>',Monj!!ofrr»ce and truth, who a.kcH of the angd how JheccM.ldbeamother wblatapurecirlinher virjjinity, ami was toW Im uh"-' Lff r^^^'^r ^ **!** Spirit that 'V4r,.ishe<l the I leavens." to hv 1h^' K ^''^^ '^*"^'"i»>^f" of Jehovah. % it t.nto rnc accordi,;:j fn... kr. ' . ,^h«»«^;v''«'e conduct is ,0 hkinHcHs throughout her his w^r..Ki.T .""*''■ '^''"'".'°"'''"'' °''P*^" •'"^•^ '"^ vulvar falsehoods, mn^f. «. '"' "•■ * r"''"c"«. '■' too low to fall. Chautauqua a.H a fa' ^,^a?.T%"'*''°''''^*""?!.*=°"^'""'' *° ^""^'^'^ ""^^^ "i'-'-'t* H'Hl maintain £wll f • '^°'"/^«^V '^'"'■''I'y '•H"=*''^*^'"*y- "P'^'^"' t^^at administer the rhVl?: f'""^" "'^""ch low deLTadinff. dchasin^' polluting filthiness. O, Chautauqua. Chautauciua. stnl^ thy tcf.ts. burn thy cotta|res, leave thy pretty plains and sunny si.,,, :h to the ranch or the piouKhman and the l^JrT'' '■**'•*"■ l'^**" '"^ ^'^^ '^'""^ ^"^^ of lyinjr heresies, that would root £^.!iAi?rP;''"''"^^.'-" '."'"'.'•■' "'"^''>'^'»'^""''* 'o their destruction, and !Ih.i WM ''"; T^'' *''^ ''"«' "'^^ ^'*^«"t the walls of the great Jeru £. .TV .^'^|'^"t the city, yea the maker of a lie, the lover o? a lie, will be cast .nto the abyss the lake of fire and brimstone, which is the second ^KU.ff tr'u "'*''''' "^''''^*"''"8: '"ay be contained in that most ter- haJSih w'? '''•f'''''T".'''','^"^'^' Audacious woman who had the lo^L„ ° V.u^ "'"^'^ '""'^ *"'' '''■"" fal'^'-lioods against an innocmt woman, one of thme own sex, to condemn the just, -.umX make thee an abommation to the I<ord; should thy civilized sisters of every lan>i pour on thee the sulphuric acid of their virtuous indignation ? Nay. they will pray for thee if perliaps the thoughts of thy heart may be for^dv en thee Ihy utterances are from the gall of bitterness within thee, poor deluded* f^^f ■ .1 • u"" r"^^^'^'l' '^'^''"'^*''>'' '"•■'• "ver God's hcrita-e, elevated aiiovc thy brethren to be a model for them to copy, is this thy commis-. Mon, to read, .ipprove and endorse a sickly letter from a distracted fe- ^f nf:!^ •'"'" '""^ of a dyspentic stomach, or an hysterical brain, instead hL. h^""Ir •'"''°''-"''^'^'^ ^°'"''- ^ f"'"J''^^t may tell his dreams, may hide himself m an inner chamber but the teacher of lies .shall be stopped. Ji/?n fc.^ '"l^u'fu' *'^'*. -^^ "^'^''^ '" '^' *^"'^^' ^'''^ thee with sackcloth, sit m ashes, til thy spirit attain the humility, sobriety and comraoa sense, essential to the preaching of the Holy Word. Dr. Harper of Chica-o lectures at Chauta.iqu;i after Bishop Vincent rteaftirmsthat God could not make a man ofr.cmtic blond that would walk uprightly, .so of natural consequence these sons ofFhem could not ^l^c^-.^^'r^Kl^^- r^' *'"'- ^''^;"''*^- ^"y worse than himself surrounded as h«iswihlight, refinement of society, civiU/.ation, laws and customs? Jeremiah, Daniel. Queen Lsther, and the Messiah the Prince, were of that race. Did any of the.sc warn us against errors in the Scriptures ? Did Jesus Chrisr confirm the truth of such S':riptures as fellows like these doubt about. I hese doubters will draw di.scipliis after them but they vill not be followers of the I.amb. Joe Smith and Herbert Spencer tried tbe:rhandsat making a new liible but failed. Harper might try th« Usk. VVhy set himself uj, to teach a Bible that he doubts the truth of ? ihe professors and trustees of colleges repudiate with indignation the sale ol degrees but who ever obtained a degree without the bcinc forth- commg before or after. If they would not be so lavish of their parch- SH-sts in certifyiwi; to qualities not possc'ised and attainments never if HI i I m RUrrORY OF THB OTTAWA VALL«Y J U} ' ; ' 'il % ili rea«bed, the cooimuafty woukl not be so pestered with doctors Ignorant of the first elements of evidence. Christ knew that the ancient Scrip- tures would be att&cked bv these ravening wolves in shccps' clothing and fortified in advance what might seem the most obscure and weak in the eyes of men. Instance the case of Jonah which we have heard mockers and scoffers term "the big fish story." The unbounded impu- dence in which he says, God has done his best with the.se men, but that they could not give us the Scriptures free from scientific errors, is only equalled by his deplorable ignorance of the Scriptures and the power of God. Can God not bring truth out of the mouth of the Father of Lies ? "All that a man hath will he give for his life." Is he ignorant of the fact that "holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Spirit," that Scripture is not f^iven in the words which man's wisdom teacheth, but which the Holy Spirit teacheth. {the ta grammata) the things written. The dark, unutterably profound, ignorance of the Bible these people show is deplorable. How they dare and defy the Omnipotent to arms ! How they would curtail and limit His power! God is long-sufierine, but they may some day feel this power, they now mo k and despise. It is a misfortune that people so ignorant and self-conceited should vi.sit these beautiful valleys, poisoning the minds of audiences with these pernicious soul-destroying blasphemous heresies. The certificate of a college or university to their learning, of which perhaps they know nothing, gives a sanction in the eyes of the vulgar, to the rubbish with ivhich they build, the smoke of which may yet suffocate them. Wandering stars to whom may be reserved the blackness of darkness, may with their dark light- nings delude and ensnare the unconverted and the ungodly. Or repent- ance unto life may be given them — who can tell ? Grace is a mighty monarch and reigns through righteousness to eternal life by Jesus Christ our Lo/d. A visitor, a distinguished clergymen from the Isles of the ocean, (Emerald I.ele) in this year of grace, made a detour through our pleasant valley, bringing with him to us the salutations of his church delivering us some discourses on the most precious subjects, elegant in diction and eloquent in delivery. He belongs to the highest class of intellect and though modest and unassuming, one of the most finished and polished orators we have heard in the Ottawa Valley. The sermons were far above any ever delivered in this city by anyone. In discussing truths the most sublime with the earnestness, fervor and eloquence becoming them, his language was so fitly chosen, so beautifully arranged and so thoroughly Anglo-Saxon as to make him clearly, easily understood by everyone, even moderately acquainted with our English tongue. His reading of the Scriptures conve>ed a larger, clearer, grander meaning than that of an ordinary reader. Even the church intimations were read with a new force and excellence grandly superior to the common meth- ods. His text was from the song of Solomon, "set me as a seal on thy heart, as a seal on thine arm, for love is strong as death, burning coals of God." A sublime exposition of the passage followed. He was not afraid nor ashamrd to proclaim his pure orthodoxy, which was more practical than the <o-called practical preaching of these parts, and that vast crowd recei\ ..1 it with breathless attention, showing at once the power that the doctrines of grace can have when preached with unctiottj e ocean. r" mSTOIlT OF TH» OTTAWA VALL«Y t39 iM tike feces of the wstttn^ thousands there testified. In his loftiest flightt tke impassioned orator never threw his words in clusters, as wc have often heard, causing an unintelligible blank, greatly obscuring their meaning. On the contrary the articulation was so distinct, so clear that you fancied every letter shone forth in every well weighed word that wa* used throughout the whole, whilst the tone and accent filled the ear, kindled the fires of the soul in a rapture of enthusiastic delight. His sub- lime thoughts of God which he uttered with a faith so profound and a pathos so intense and a tender affection in such symi)athy with his hearers as to make us feel, if we did not utter aloud with Jacob, "This is none other than the house of God and this is the gate of Heaven. This kind of preaching disarms the higher critic, makes ashamed the cold formalist, warming up the heart to inwardly avow undying love and eternal obedience. It was the best we ever heard in any place we have travelled on this continent. There was no , hunt after metaphors, no far-fetched illustrations, no smatterings of science, but the man, the speech, the actions, all livinj^, all natural, all becoming the pulpit and the messenger of the King of Kings, the author of life eternal. We were pleased, edified, electrified, with our eyes on the preacher and our hearts in our eyes. If Irish Presbyterians raise such boys and their colleges give such theology and poli.sh, that nation will soon be in the Presby- terian church. Knox church was full and all were captivated Tnc preacher put his soul into the theme and they gave it a hearty reception It was the water of life from the throne and they drank it. It came ir power and the Holy Spirit. They wash their robes in the blood of the Lamb. God demands obedience, commands us to believe in the name of His Son. To receive him for salvation is obedience, is receiving the atonement, sealing the truth. The atoning blood covers our failures every one. His divine nature sustained His human, and he ransomed, redeemed, purchased us, and Heaven for us. The Spirit by the Holy Word creates faith in us. Christ's obedience is His and our righteous- ness. All are ours and we are Christ's, He in us by faith. The Father is reconciled to us by the atonement and we to Him by receiving it. The lords of Philistia said David would reconcile himself to Saul with their heads. They had more soul and sounder divinity than the lecturers of Chautauqua. Salvation is by ransom. To redeem He came under the law. Salvation was proclaimed first in the promise ofthe Father, then wrought out by the Son, and is now applied in the Gospel by the Spirit, includ- ing the Crown, Kingdom, Inheritance, Glory, God Himself;thy God thy glory. Knowledge of God in us is Heaven begun, eternal life. "One greater man restores us and regains the blessful seats." Rev. McCaughan's visit refreshed many. It was the bundle of myrrh, his godly doctrines fave power to the feeble, inspired more courage in the strong, dismissed oubts, made the dumb tongue sing. It was infusing the truths of heavenly life, expelling the poisonous errors of death, *:he sweet aroma ofthe lea\ es and blossoms and fruit of the Tree of Life from the atmos- phere of the New Jerusalem, incomparably superior to the "Sabean odours wafted from the spicy shores of Araby the blest." We can oiriy give a passing glance to this most distinguished of our visitors in these brief annals, whilst he deserves the fullest acknowledgement as an ek>- '"» i ; 'lili: 4 i ! ! >-^^; 240 HISTORY OF THE OTTAWA VALLBY ^ * ^^' 5^"*'^o McConnell was the only one we knew of hereabouts' that tned to domesticate the fur-bearing animals, mi.iks, beavers and oners, but his bounds were too limited and his wootkn walls too in- secure to confine these coy, cute creatures. They stayed some time but diminishec^ and disappeared. Deer parks are not uncommon in any country but they have not received the attention that in>iures success Adomam might be fenced with a cedar, hedge that in twenty-five or fiii"^^ ^f^"^"^ ^°"''^ ^^ ^^^"'■^' provided the gaps were prevented or kept n led. Ur a row or double row of trees, indiginous to the .soil, could be planted at a very moderate cost, cutting down on the sides those likely to fall on It by storms. All in the line, which need not be a straight line, could be marked and left and the spaces between filled up with su:table young trees. The young trees might be planted on the surfa.o spreading the roots and covering with surface earth. This wc have found to be the best plan. Booms could be stretched a ross streams and rock difficulties overcome, ainphii>ious animals couil dive under or crawl over booms but would return again and only a few that you cared to retain would climb the hedge and get away. Ontario could enclose such a preserve on her north territory. The Americans have legally prohibited deer-killing till it is said they have immense herds of Moo4 anc others along the norwestern states but they have permitted the anni- hilation almost totally of the Buffalo. The poled Ang.is or black Galo- way furnishes a hyde not a, bad substitute for the Buffalo robe The question ot profit has to be considered but excepting rapacious and dan- gerous predatory creatures regard should be had to the preservation of the fauna of our country with such a northern belt suitable for that purpose. In this first volume we have stated the facts not intentionally to the injury or the advantage of anyone. Write us if any correction is ne- cessary, and for information in Volume 211. 1, which will begin with the early days of Bytown, f r which much is collected and written. HavinP lived in the valley from childhood and been familiar with it from Mont real to Mattawa and from the Gulf St. Lawrence to the Huron we ask information from correspondents on the upper and lower Ottawa that vw may furnish a record of facts and events that should not be lost from t^t •^venerations to come. DIFFICUI.TIKS OF REI.IGION. rpHE first great difficiiky in religion is that humanity has broken the restraints 1)XTu- I ^^^' ^u- h^? ^^aPPed himself in any rags that come in h!s waf • to ti finH V '™'"l^ '^'''l^'. P^""fi:^^ '"'« the most polluted waSrs endeavoring rness » "Ktr'uthTa's no."^ .'''"f 'jf " '""^^^^^"^ ^"-^^' ^ " Se'howtgwld' ?hnn?.nH f ^ u"''!.'^ '^^t^' ^"^ '^«st of all the Author of his beine Two ttnkTn/&?" :?^^K'''■^^''l.^^^^" ^''^^ to the unknown God evIdenUy Paul sh^owed ?hf G eeks ZT^^F"^' '^^"^^'^'^^ '''''"''^y Relieve 'that now^ nf Ihl -J '-reeks that this ignorance was nexcusable in the farp fJ^A ''^^^ u'^^^'T- Had specimens of those Greeks been frozen and laid away above the snow line in ihe mountains to be waked fromT^ catalepsy m the genial light of the ^gth century, would they present a m^re antique appearance than some mode?n thinkers ? What has ?he relidons of Chma, Hmdostan and the neighboring countries done for their votaries PTh/ it mrh??' °^ *J' ^^^y"""^' '^' «»" worship of the Persians the po"yhism as It may be termed, of ancient Greeks and Romans: the idolatries of WH^I-n! ?he dr.T S-f"dinavians accomplished no more for the enarons In fee Mrir^n M '^' ^''' of hideously stupid idols does for the degraded"swarthf deLhf fn St 'P"" 'S'°"'' °^ '■""S^°" "^^" ^^tisfy men, tholgh they would delight to be their own Saviour. Elevated natures-Moral Esthetes tax the^ S "? °"'-'''^'^J "u"'^ ^^"^y ^hey find God in his works. TT^^ loftyUunUins infinitely variegated, that cast the long shadows over the plains in th^mrrn^^^ and evening seem to strike them with wonder. The beauty STe green wo^Ef flowery meadows, the waving corn and the ^aM^n a«,ni..Jv„ 5[1!^Tr!*ri' *h5 -votion, the ocean lashed into fpmnPQf r«ii,r.„ .v. r ; u.n___., '- wheim the earth wifh ,>« fn,,««i\u'l"TJ>'"-:?„":.;:~'*"""«i -."-•« ^ as u to overwhelm the earth with its funnei"shap"ed'waterapouts"etc' raised to th^ anJeu'r^oVe^ri"^^^^^^ from the bufning desert^Pem^'kb^^f s'^v ^ heavens A rlvlfr ^''Ithe mmd. The surpassing magnificence of the sta^ heavens, (a revelation of the mfimte) contemplated L the calm clear evening^ 243 DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION. allthe interest modem discovery throws us, presenting countless archipilagos of systems like our solar system, must fiJl the mind with profound reverence and carry it away in ecstasy. Finding everything so full of God they suppose they have found religion. Often there is a terrible recoil. Everything is full of God but themselves. They discover that all the impressions made by the beauty and grandeur of nature are not religion. Leaving the fantasia of imagination that never regenerates the soul, we might turn to the thinkers, the philosophers, who profess to explain everything but often end in doubting everything, and see what they bring forth. Spinoza, Hume, Strauss, Hegel, Renan, Spencer, in the dif- ferent countries of Europe, have sought to give a religion or a philosophy equiva- lent to a religion. Have they succeeded ? The drift of their teaching is to de- stroy a belief in the external world. They say we do not see objects only the light that shows them or their images, or that makes the sensation or impression in the organs and the idea in the mind being unlike, so far as we know the object of vision ; these objects may have no existences and everything may be reduced to mind. As to creation Herbert Spencer has only the atomic theory of Epi- curus to propose. Atoms falling in straight lines with the semi- velocity could never strike each other to form globes. If they full in oblique line, what gave the turn ? Was the law of gravitation then in existence, are questions they are in duty bound to answer. They may have done great thinking and contributed something to the stock of knowlec^ge ; but so far as giving a religion to man is concerned they fail utterly and are merely destructives. The human mind in healthy exercise exhibits its qualities, endowments, termed its powers or faculties. Is it composed of these ? Is it not one and in- divisible, acting in so many directions or channels, imagining, judging, willing? Circumscribed limited, it may be very active pressing on to the highest culture. No field of observation should be so attractive to it as that of religion. This is our salvation. If we have a vestige of doubt to eradicate it, we should examine the Book claiming to be the only rule of faith and duty, the sovereign guide of our life and destiny ; hear its statements. Consider the times, places, circum- stances of its coming to us— interrogate history, philosophy, science, be unspar- ing in our researches but honest in our convictions on a point so vital. In true religion, God communicates his will or law to man for his obedience. Obedience supposes command. The rejection of this is atheism, depriving us of all belief. This implies that God is sovereign and yet free— that His spirit can make him- self understood by ours — that we are free agents and yet dependent — that he admits our prayers to influence His will and hold a place in His divine govern- ment. Can we comprehend these things. Yet these are the postulates of religion. Reject them and you have no religion. In the domain of miracles and mysteries the mind is at sea, T'hey are indescribable as life it- elf is. Our existence is a mystery ; the comprehension of thoughts flowing from mind to mind ; how impressions are made upon us by external objects — how we think, will love, hate,are all mysteries. We ask no explanations of these things, take them as self-evident truths necessary to our being. Is there any royal road to religion ? I will believe the Bible to be the word of God, and the only rule of faith till they prove it false. Will they do so ? Dr. Briggs has not proven a verse or sentence in the Penteteuch to be not written by Moses. Could he uproot the references to Moses in both Testaments, the remains would be too fragmentary for even such a redactor as himself to construct an intelligent revelation. Is it not surprising that any scholar having read the Scriptures should father such an objection ? In his higher criti^ifftn he holds that they offered no sacrifices in the desert. This fallacious Statement few would trouble themselves to contradict. To attack DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION. 24^ ?hLS ^^?!*t'°" ^« '? '""ack the whole, and to shield him is to place the fn./i' •"•■' '" ^"^l^Sonism to the whole of Christianity. Le^ us resume a rue religion must be mysterious. Its very sublimity makes it the more so Th^ tallest pines and the loftiest towers project the lengthiest shadows In ordeMo commend Itself to mankind must Christianity tamely and corplacentlv divest Itself of miracle and mystery? Why, its strength lies in its influxSty Mvster hi? do" Th''" ^"^ "°* '^'"'''^''' ^°"^^^^' ^" '"^^y accompany rndseaUh^t'ruths that do. The cup may convey to the parched lips of the fever stricken oaiientthp remedy prescribed by the kind physician, but the cup cures him not The rift in the strata of rock may keep the little rill coming Lm tLsprSdceo if th° hXT^'^f '" '!;"' ?' ^^r"^^ ^^"^ ^^f^^^h him'self-whhoS ?^'is opLing' had run hidden under the rocks and lost itself under the sands. The miresf of the sons of men could not redeem from eternal death, make atonement^ for on or forgive the transgressions of others; but if the Son of God >^n unke his divme nature with the human nature then, the divine man, th^God man cln dn these things not as man but as God man mediator. The altar saSfies the of Codl t.^'''^ '""''T '^' ™""- ^'. '' '""^^ •'"P^^'-'^-t to know that he word of God IS the means of our regeneration, that we are born of the Spirit bo^n of God, pass from death to life ; does it so concern us to know how thSeed oner ates on the heart, how the spirit performs his creative work ; the grand deskn of a revelation is the conversion, sanctification andsalvatianof men theSs revealed accomplish this. Of what use would the things conceSVrom us be except to gratify a vain cunos ty which heaven will never indulge. Revealed truths have a bearing on our salvation ; we have no reason to suppole that what is kern secret from us has the least relation to our salvation. To let the woTd of Chris dwell in us richly, to sustain our spiritual life by every word that nroceedeth nn^.f ofthemouthofGod,isalife's worl Were this'life tr^ the I'ngt^^^^^^^^ time have we for anything else ? Moses hushed this tendency in his dry" Secre things belong to the Lord but these that are revealed belong to us and to otu- chfl dren forever." In the eariy ages there were men to whom revelations from God were most welcome and whose desires centred on a coming Mess ah but whose bodily eyes did not, ike Simeon's, see that salvation. Since the advent of cS there have been multitudes to whom a crucified Saviour was most pVecbus and regeneration most necessary. If mysteries and miracles are dS'i^s we be heve he first disciples understood them no better than we do rcould JaoDfe no better with them than we can. But they were saved. Converts were made among the Ignorant the learned, the sage/ and on tribunaran^ on thront as well as among soldiers and slaves. History does not record that one gener- ation understood these things better than another. Did this obscurity render them unhappy, when every truth essential to their salvation was rad an'with light and glory? Let us receive into our hearts the same sublime pure vet simple truths, and they will save us. "uume, pure, yet We have seen that religion and mystery are inseparable-that the truths the mysteries envebpe are easily understood whilst it would be unjust and n eason! able to demand an account of the mysteries which do not bear on our alvatbn even remotely and the knowledge of which if even possible wouM serve us nS visible purpose. Human religions have had their origin in and many of them have^ been^a^ssociated with deeds revolting and loathsome. On sucSunds th^ -...eimes 01 v^unsuanuy nave cnarged il with avoiding investigation and research and assert that to remove the veil would be to discover it! weakness ™s charge is false. Men can readily discover whether it springs from the spirit of truth or from the spirit of error. How could men receivf a reHgion as divine ^ 244 DIFFICULTIES OF RKLIGION. that concealed the evidences or its divinity. The sacred scriptures purport to be spoken and written by men moved by a divine impulse at par- ticular ages of our history and are to be judged by the same laws of evidence as other writings. If they endure the test receive them, if not turn to the wisdom of the sages and get from them what revelation has not been able to supply. The scholarly attainments of the first writer, Moses, cannot be called in question — he was no dupe nor could he so easily deceive the Egyptians were he so dis- posed. No doubt existed in any mind that God was with him in the presence of the signs and wonders he did, Jesus Christ did nothing, taught nothing in secret, but openly. This thing was not done in a corner. Bacon's idols of the grove and the cave had no place in such minds. Religion was thus established by argument, persuasion and the power of the invisible spirit of the Lord. Christianity is therefore the religion of conviction, not of the sword and power and authority It is spoken as to wise men, and they are to judge of its excel- lency. Nothing so persuasive as an atonement— the crucifixion becomes the divine power in the soul. The Holy Writings so clearly show man's sinful con- dition, so fully describe the remedies and their effectual application as to produce on the mind the most indellible impression of their divinity. Morality violated and down trodden was elevated and established on its true foundation. The " do and live " of all human religions, the impossibility with man was met by the " live and do " of truth. Christianity first gives life, the basis oi all moral and spiritual action. Love, the source of this life, never sets bounds to its conquests or the possibility of its labors having an end. That would be unhappiness. Love holds an eternal reign in every soul that has passed from death to life. It is neither vanquished nor wearied with conquering. This religion heralded from heaven in the light of day established by notable miracles and surrounded by monu- ments to this day is the lands of it*s birth and its adoption founds its character- istic on argument. When you demonstrate a point to a proper degree it should be received without dispute. But suppose it contained a contradiction. Sup- pose a proposition evidently false should never-the-less be true— then evidence would not be a characteristic of truth and no religion could be proved true— for what evidently seemed false was true and vice versa. A line the diameter of a circle is shorter than a line the circumference of the same circle reverse this and you have no evidence to prove anything in mathematics. We cannot see that even miracles could render a religion credible that contained absurdities. If there is anything capable of taxing the powers of the most logical reasoner it is that of the Trinity, one God in three persons. With great humility should such a subject be contempleted. Christians generally agree on the doctrine of the Trinity. The unity of God as well as His eternal power is manifest in creation. Revelation unfolds his personality as well as his unity. The Son becomes incarnate, whilst the Father who IS with him does not. The Father upholds the honor of justice whilst the son who is with him becomes obedient unto death on the cross. The Holy Spirit does not become incarnate, but proceeds from the Father and the Son, whilst the Father and the Son do not proceed. These truths are far above reason, but do not oppose or revolt it. We do not say there are three essences and but one essence in the same sense in the divine nature, nor three persons and yet but one person in the same sense. Can we say that we have a clear conception of either the essence or the personality. When we say the eternal ..rsn o. -tOvi L^com-03 man and so was and continues to be God and inan in two distinct natures and one person we neither define nor i)retend to comprehend that union more than that of soul and body. We do not attempt to define the biFriCULTlES OF RELIGION. . , these sublime doctrines but ,?no off^n^^ most exalted reason cannot reach them. There is no absur v or cnufr!Sf """^ \^''" ^"^ ^°^« "«' ^^volt against inents we make of these Soctleri ^nnl^Tr'^''" revelations, nor the state- two known ideas or that a thS what h fno '°"/°. "' '^ l^' °PP°^''^°" ^^ '^° and touch that this paner on whi h T ^ • fi- ^ ^^""^ ^^^ evidence of sight not the same thing o? that the oi^e is no't tL'l'^'' P^"'" ""'^ ^^^'^'^ ^ ^"^^^^^ me a contradiction. The finite cannofa t"- J? ''"^^''^ ^^^^ ^'^^'d be to limited in its conception of tSeesseTce f nd 'th.' '"^"'^'i- ^ ^"'^'^ "^'"^ '^ «" being that a contradiction in fSs^revekt on.^'T^^l'^-°^ '^". ^^^f-^^isting fore, it is very unsafe, very hTzardou/?nt!?K '• ^° '' impossible. There- on which hisLowledgraTbest [s bu 'crr^Ln ' w'k ^ ^^"'•■^diction in pouits hasrevealedofhimselftouswrfind wf '^„-^^\" ^^ ^°"«"'t what God to be a foundation for the beli^?fh.. fn II '"n^ -"^ ''''^' '' '° ^^ ^^ove us as Son and Holy Spirh In one a ner? fhl ' ^'"'"u" ""'"'"" ''^^'"'^ ^^ ^ Father, and but one sJ^rp^se the limfts of our' InfT'^'' °"^ ""^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ree nothing about, believe nothtgTbout as respeSnf ^hfc^ ""'''"'' ^^ '"°^ of having any resuonsihilifv v^. respecting which we are not consc bus They are revealed ton. /; u . ""^^ ^'^ ^'^^ ^^^^^^ these doctrines? salvation. ?he Holy Fatherin'fntV^^^^^ '^''^ ''^'^^"^ in «" felicity. The Son wL n!. ".^"'^^ "'•''^°'" ^"^ lo^e planned our eternal Holy ^Spirit with LSeSdtne".^ ^"P^^"^^"^^^ ^ff^^J^^on bare our sins ?he it in us'to fit us fir et^^al StTy AllTws";r^^ 'P'"'"*^ "-^^ ^"'^ "^^^^^e^ and love ; turns us from transgr^^^^^ '" "' gratitude, admiration Who does not need to believeTese dortrfn^f f '/ "' ? ^^''^ °"^ °"'- salvation, happiness? Must our soirm.?/,n^?^^^^^ ^!^^ ^^^^ "°' essential to our ledge ? The verv doctrin! if f^^ • ^^^ ^^^^ °^^°d' Parish for lack of know- hav^e been P^n^rm^o^I^t 'Il^L?^^^^^^^^^ men may make their "calling and electbn s^ e - Thl' V'^^J"'.'^' '^''' these mysteries gives us no trouble whil«.tK« f !u u ^^ Profound darkness of on our salvation, are deluged with a^.^^^^^^ they envelope bear strictly i" the effulgence of their gbfy and bJautv^ > ''^ul^^' '^™°'' *^^^^''"g ^^e soul ant thing for the eve Jo behnlH th • ^* ^ ^'^^^ '' ^'^^^^ ^"^ it is a pleas- blue expose S Heaven ar^nofun^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ «f ^^^'h and the has no contradiction! whistTfurS."^^ their endless variety. Christianity panied by the clea e^t ev dLl? f arguments in limitless variety accom- doctrinesfand guard'againtour overs?eonwT^•"'•'?"T^^'^^ '" '^' -'^'i^^ vestigation and researches A mnr.n?^P^ ^i^. ^'"''^' of our mind in our in- but to disregard eSL as c1;SrtersS'^r^^ "Vf^"'^*^ establishes truth, knowledgeandsono triuh couW be es^a^^^^ ^'. ^° ^^tinguish our ried no conviction we could be under nnS'r ^'^ ^^'' P°'"' '^ ^^^dence car- any religioh because we are not obIirH^n^^^''°" '° '■'^'^"^ '^'^ t^^'^hings of as we are we cannot beHeve an absSv nX'' ';? "^'"''^'^y- Constituted revolts our reason and contradirtV th? ^ T '' ""J?^' '''*^"« delusion for it religion should Te a^endS da^ a bk^e of vf- °^ °\' ^^"^^^- ^ome think darkness or eclipse-that the /oodness of rnn''^'"" ''1'^''''' "'^"^ ^'^ ^^adow. free from difficuSies or stumblfnnS ^Sfa^^^^^^^^^^ free from difficuI^Lro^^^mbirnrbS' radfa7wTtrrh^° t' "^ 'r '^"'^- sion. Mav not mn«f nf .k« t; "ii°„„_'_'^?'^"l'^"'' ^'^"th and easy of comure leap into 'the world with ^ur;^^^;'"^;/^^..!'"^' V.!!" '"rmation. We" dc do hension. „,„, „^, .,.,,,, ,„ ,„« ^.„ ^^ , nnf lo • 1. ' 1 — ""■ ""'"raiiccs DC OI 01 reaciXv" Ub1„r''1„t|'i °;'; ^Z^ ^'T"' , '''^ mountain ■su™^^;.- or 0. knowledge if fa, aCg^oSr ^S'T,,:;:lt£%:'Zl I:: 'iflii 246 DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION. then who has given you the easy light in which to secure the precious gems of truth ; and the clouds and shadows even the night of mysteries when reason itself enjoys repose and the opiate of sleep wraps it in the softest coverings whence it awakes like a giant refreshed from the grandest pursuits and the high- est enjoyments. It is useless to waste time reviewing the religion of China, Hondoston Africa and the Isles of the seas. They are not even moral Confucius, the hoary sages of India, Zoroaster and many others have not left indelible impressions of even a negative morality on the races and nations that claimed them as leaders. Islamism the nearest of human religions to Christianity, has borrowed all its moral principles from the Christian scriptures. Mahomet it is said could neither read or write. But he professed to have conversed with the Angel Gabriel for many years. Sergius, the monk, a runaway from the Christians, may have done more for him than the angel, in writing the fugitive scraps , that his successors collected, with additions and amendations that compose the Koran. Yet this religion of the false prophet is not fitted for the nations, carrying with it poly- gamy and despotism, antagonistic to freedom, progress and civilizaiion. Its good points are belief in one God, Creator and Governor and its hostility to idolatry. The Jev/ish religion, whilst admitting proselytes, made no pretensions to universality. It preserved among a people the knowledge and worship of the one living and true God till the coming of Messiah the Prince, the promise of the prophets and the desire of all nations. Human religions are unprofitable and vain. They impose on the neck a yoke too severe, grievous and unendur- able. Happiness as the reward of labor is the point where they all terminate. The more one in conscience undertakes to obey the law the more he discovers he has to do. He must repent, he must pardon himself— he must regenerate himself— efface sin from his nature, compel himself to love God, or there is for him no hope in any of these human religions. Can he do these ; can the con- demned criminal grant his own pardon and walk out to liberty ? Without this there is no religion. The anguish of soul must be great when he turns in vain to all created beings for aid. The entire universe cannot fill the desires of his heart. The uncreated God now comes to his aid with a religion suited to fill all his empty desires, all his famished soul requires — Redemption from bond- age, atonement for offences, justification from guilty regeneration of nature, and transformation into the image of the heavenly ; finally resurrection and eternal life. This blessed religion was at first committed to a few simple fishermen, who quitted their nets and boats, to learn it, and then announced it to the nations of the earth. They made no pretensions to influence, power or wealth, to literature, philosophy or eloquence. They told the story of love. Their Master's life,teachings and death, they simply exhibited to the multitude and they recognized in Him what for three thousand years the famished souls of men had craved in vain ; " His disciples multiplied in Jerusalem daily and a great company of the priests were obedient to the faith." Synagogues, schools and privata houses were thronged with devout, enquiring worshippers : idol temples were deserted, schools of philosophy emptied, the wisdom of sages thrown into the shade, fires died out on the altars, and three centuries later when Julien the Emperor sum- moned the pagans of the world to meet Him and revive the old religion. He was met at the shrine by a solitary priest carrying a single goose under his arm for an offering. Did these uneducated fishermen construct this system from their own wisdom, or did they receive it from Heaven ? This religion reconciles reason and faith, love and fear, grace and justice, liberty and obedience, ex- hibits truth entire, claims a universality of application and is adapted to eveiy DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION. ^47 GT^igiT^aSntmir^^ ^k"' ^° be put in possession of it? If We may s^upposeZt GoS wasV L .if^ be communicated ; it must be revealed, unless ie suppose Sat kcreainf,..^^^ S'^''" ""'■ "°' '° ^'^^ '"^^ ^ ^^I'g'on > give him the mSL of blJ h.nnl^ A '" "l' °^" ""^^^ ^e bounj Himself to itself to us anTtoLtconsfstenKLlV^'^^'r ^'■°'" "^"^ ^^^^^ commend of knowing and deddinrthat ft w,« ii ' ^™''^^- . "" wo"ld furnish the means people in the worW cflled Ph .• ' .^ r'^" ^here is a company of ^afs. The^r e^s^ce need not h '^"'- ?k^ '^^'^ '^^^^ ^'^^« ""^^^ ^han 1800 They have wridnS S^^^^^ ^ K°'f Z^' 1"^^ ^" '■^^^'>' ^^^'^^ ^^' g^^^^ed. sacred and scrSlous care Tnn^h^"''^ '^^^ ^^'^ ^'"'''^''^ ^''^ ^^e most called Jews or Hebrews whose h^?/ •''^'' °' '^^^ °^™^" ^''•^^ in the world nations for about 4 000 Tears ^?'°7,>%'"^^'^°^?" ^ith the history of the people have Scriptur;" that the% hL '^'/^^'^ "°^ ^^'^ ^° P^^^^- These religious care "nd exactness whit ' ^'^'^'''^^ P"'-^ and entire with the most termed the OirTeSem the rL ^''^ ^'^^^^^^^ ^^' ^^^''^ ^'"P'"'"' "' the word of God and co^tab /nH?. f \"' ^^^ ^'^ Testament. They are called what duties we owe to A/m ^"^^f ^^ ^"l^.i ^^ are to believe concerning Him and these scn^tuTes aTe ^m God ? utZlfT '"'"• '' '' "''^^"'^ ^° '"°- ^^at the record A large dasrofr^ent.lS^KK ^^^" ?'^ *° ^"^^"^^^ "is character on heart and find thS 'he wan^s of tH^ . ^""^ '''*'°^"' ''' "°"'^"^« ^'^'^ honest visions made for them Lrsoamoll.nH?h"'''/?u°^"" described, and the pro- renovated by tL poiiard i^fl,!; ?^^^^ sosatisfiedand and happineU tL^t no pMosonhT ^""^^ ^"''"S^' '^'^ ^"Joy apeace teachings and work of rhrl?^« n i "^^ *'^". ^^^' g'^^" ^hey accept the their souls for s^h favors Thi. t '"^'''°' ^"'^ ^J"'' "^"^ f^°"> the depths of a path trodden by the e;eat bilk nf".H ""^^ T^'S '"'^ '^^ ^''^^^1 «f ^^^'h ; with an honest heart sch^nf.rl,. ^^-^ '^^^'^•. ^^^ "^^er method, is to come lie open t^aH Squ rtesScSt' m '^' evidences that are the genuine DroSfl. nf ?k ^ ^°°^' ^"*^ ^^'^'' ^"^^ors, whether they and hav? been fratS^^^^^^ J""^" ^' ^^e times specified be termed the highway S" the a.^.o """°""Pt^d ^^ "«• These two paSis may Should these be fetas^Lde,,^^^^^^^ ""'^ '"^^ ^^^ demain of faith, vert us iu a moment by a mSe o^^^' °" ''^^ P''^;^"* ^°^ should con- would be to demand of him mnr.' ?i '°™^ "^^^"s not mdicated by himself it nish. If he detSed to^. T k^I ^^ ^.^'. ^"^^^^^ °' ^ound himself to fur- himself what c^munlcations In ^ 'f"°^^^,^g\°'- ^^isdom. it must be left to to possess ourselvTof this knowlHaT" V".^ ^^"' "^"^"■'' ^^ ^'^""Id employ angels, who learrby the churS. hi r m' '^^r '""^^ ^^^ "^ '^^"^ ^"^ ^lect mysteries but cannof fithom them ^'Vn'"f '^^''^°'"u^'^/^' ^" '""'^ ^"t° these be solved would be to rS kZ'.J m 1"'^ '^l ^^"^^ *'" 'he mysteries should they give us no trouWe whl Ik ^r'' ^^^"'■'' '' ^"" "^ mysteries but practically is v'er^ limit^rbl'wfdo^of ctmp^^^^ T'i""'"' ^'^ "^^"- twenty, making the rana^ r.f^?,r • / ^'^^'' °"^y ^^^ senses instead of vastly'muUip?y1ng orttught^aXdr ' w'f ^"*^" ^?-^" '' "°" '^ ^^ light but it is associated wiTdrknessTV.h. I ^""^ ^''^ *™'''^ "^^ion of did it ever enter our heads to ohl^,?; i^^J ' T7 ^"^^^^ ^"'^ pleasant, but teemed and valued by everyone ^u.f the idea of darkness ? The night is es- of sorrow and -;1 :^ ^.1T.^^\ ^t '^ r^s.t.for the weary. It wraps the memorv -K .he „,. or .^r^r^l- S?^,:J.^;^„„- - ^.dhano^„e. ., ;'•!■ ;ijfl 1 It a48 DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION. the being who has bowed the heavens and condescended to converse as it were with his creature without undue familiarity. The feebleness of our knowledge is accounted for in the narrow limits of the human mind. We are thinkers, it is true, but a little application shows us that in the region of thought we are very circumscribed. We can attend to a subject more or less closely, but how often is the train of thought broken up or interrupted by other fugitive thoughts obtruding, and we detect ourselves away from the point and must return. If the mind attempts several subjects or trains of thought at the same time it is overpowered and can do justice to none of them. Dissipation weakens the mind, and we would regard him as a prodigi- ous man who could attend to several subjects at once. We hear of cases like Julius Caesar's dictating to several writers at the same time, but some allowance must be made for the hireling panegyrists of the times. Experience will show any of us that to treat a subject properly thought must be concentrated, all else must be shut off, and we must be deaf to sounds and blind to surrounding ob- jects if we are to attend to the one thing, not to speak of several things at the same time. If you consider that excellence of the mind we term the affec- tions, ^he application is much the same. In the words of One who knew the mind better than all others we read, " No man can serve two masters," a per- son cannot indulge a number of passions at once, as the one will overturn the other. The love of money and the love of pleasure or glory antagonize one another or take the mind by turns, but some one is sure to be in the ascendancy. The mind may be absorbed in a subject so much as to wholly exercise itself in that one channel, leaving the other faculties idle, as if they existed not, or it could not employ itself in any of them, and the man may be for the time a thinking or a feeling being and completely so. Or if you turn to the external senses or the sensational part of your nature, the impression made on the organ, say the odors of the roses or some very rich perfume, the sensation wholly occu- pies you for the moment and you have no room for anything besides j or the vision of a landsape or beautiful scenery, like a magnolia grove or a flowering poplar, or a peach orchard in full bloom, your attention is completely engaged with the vision or the scent to the exclusion of surrounding objects. The same may be remarked of the charm of exquisite music and many other things. It is said that a pain tolerable in the day is insupportable in the darkness because the mind turns its power on it, other attraction^ being wanting to distract or divide the attention. All this applies so well to the subject of religion that, as we see persons employed in any profound study like scientific subjeets, they find the progress very slow, and if slow in these human sciences how much more so in the abysmal depths of the mysteries of religion. The narrow limits in which the mind is enclosed, and the manner in which it is distracted, having some fugitive thoughts ever tugging at it, asserting their claims to attention — the thoughts on cares of the body, health, comforts, the provision for the future, all urging a warfare within, a struggle for the ascend- ancy — is it at all astonishing the slow progress it is capable of making in the knowledge of abtruse subjects? Another reason of the limits of our knowledge is that these mysteries of religion are calculated to strike our minds with the greatest astonishment, and to overwhelm it with a deep sense of ii;5 own insig- nificance to grapple with such subjects. What do they treat of but that which is most impenetrable ? They treat of the divine essence. His illimitable attri- butes, the perfections of the Uncreated One. whatevpr h.p.p. hes^r, mp.^iAf^rP'A 'h.r- most immense, grand and inspiring in his exalted nature ; what is the most ele- vated and sublime ; what has excited the wonder and commanded the admira- DIFflCULTIES OF REHGIOH. •49 as It were creih^l L^ balanced, g.fted and mighty endowed minds in all ages. Can r Hn^c limited confined, have any other than conf-.sed notions of communi- cations made to them from the infinite mind? This holds not merely in our ZlT'Tr^'^'' '''!'' ^"' *^^°"«h a glass darkly, but we ^Tnever^' .7a K^ b"t creatures finite and circumscribed, whilst God is always infini^ and beyond all comprehension. The limited can never reach the illim tab e f^Sn ^ W^^ '''"?'^^ r"^ ""^ ^'"^ ' ^'^"^^ ^^°" fi"d out the Almighty to 1^': souh? wfn''', ^"^^l^e^^^ Arcturus, Orion, Pleiades and the chambers^f ^he H^ i.^h^ doelh great things past finding out and wonders without number? He gocth by me and I see him not ; he passeth on also but I perceive him not Where wast thoii when I laid the foundations of the earth? DecUre i thou wS r^f^'f ??"! u^v ^""'^ '^'.^ '^^ •"^^■^"'■^^ thereof, if thou knowest, and faien.H? nr K^'f 5\^'"' "P°" "^ Whereupon are the foundations thereof [o^eth.f.n7i? t''*'''''^"7:'',°"! ^^"'■"°f' ^h^" ^he morning stars sang together and all the sons of God shouted for joy ! Or shut up the sea with doors, when U broke forth asif it had issued out of the womb ! wiL I made the cloud the garmenl^^ thereof and thick darkness the swaddling band for it, and brake up for ,t my decreed place and set bars and doors, and said hitherto shalt thou come but no further, and here shall thy proud waves be stayed. Should it fhlc! '!? "f J^*^ creatures confined to a small portion of this earth cannot sound these depths? Is it not laiidable to attempt it? Sometimes with impatient wing we take the flight, but when we have exhausted our strength and foimd no res ing place we return with weary wing to the ark. In other words, let us rest securely on he Rock that is higher than we. Moses prayed to behold the divine ^•J^J\ '• ,^ ^^ ""^^^ proclaim the unsearchable riches of Christ. Let us with these mightiest spirits of our race, seek to know what we are capableof at- taining to of this incomprehensible Being, that we cultivate more exalted ideas of His immensity and grandeur. It would indicate want of sense and defect in the understanding to be dissatisfied with religion, because we cannot compre- hend Its infinite Author and the deep things it contains of Himself. Are we dis- pleased that we are creatures endowed with intelligence ? Do we not thank the bon^who has given us an understanding that we may know him that is true? bhall we not brighten up our enquiries and push our investigations as far as our powers will permit with the hope of seeing one day face to face and knowii g as we are known. ° ^A ♦u"*?*^*' ''^"^^..of the obscurity of our knowledge is that the simplest truth and the least complicated objects have depths beyond the " reach of thought " because there is no object in creation, no truth in all the fields of knowledge that IS not bound by one end, if we may so say, to infinity, and how can the mmd comprehend these unless It can comprehend that infinity? Here I am fl, J; T t^ ""T'f °^ "\"L''^"*^" °^ ^^'"g' ^°''^'g" 'o me-sights, sounds, odors. Havors, lights, shades and figures to all appearance the least complete possible, but in depth they transcend the power of my thought. The sensations they produce stir up a series of inquiries in the mind that I cannot answer: difficul- ties that I cannot solve; obscurities that reason cannot illumine. Impressed with these sensations and perceptions, I ask myself: Is this knowledge of these actions real or only fanciful? Have these things a real existence independent ot me, or are they only impressions or fancies in my mind? Is the idea of the object in my mmd hke the object? Some reputed philosophers question the .existence of the external object. Cannot the author of all th;» r.r^A„r^^ fi,».^ impressions and lorm these ideas in my mind without the presence of surround- mg objects? On the contrary, will a being who is truth itself and possessed of ! urII! mm «5o DtrFrcUI.TlES OF RELIGION. such creative powers deceive me by giving sensations and perceptions of ad- ventitious objects that have no real existence? Contact with the objects pro- duces impressions ; these impressions remain, I am compelled to believe, in their existence or renounce my common sense because they surround me, but I cannot comprehend the simplest of them without comprehending that infinity to which they are so mysteriously united. Myriads of other things come up for discussion that I cannot settle. But is it not safe for me to conclude that the evidence they present is satisfactory and that without further question I should believe and receive that evidence on which their real existence is fully estab- lished ? The Supreme Being alone can see all the evidence, know all circum- stances and relations that connect the minutest of His works with himself— " Known unto God are all His works fi, m the foundation of the world." The subjects on which religion leaves so much obscurity do not rest on simple prin- ciples that can be comprehended in an instant. Subjects require more or less time to unfold them according to their nature. The ablest calculator cannot make a demonstration of a complicated problem in a moment. He must have time; perhaps must do it in parts or sections; and if the onlookers are dull it will take the longer time to make his explanations clear to their capacities. One has to prove to himself by a succession of ideas what he cannot take in by a single view. A man on a mountain top can take a survey at a glance of a great stretch of country on the level plains below compared to what he could on foot, or even at a high rate of speed. The infinite intelligence of the mys- terious Being who created all things has every evidence ; all things open before him, from before the birth of time till time shall be no longer, far more perfectly than a single thought can be in our mind. We cannot suppose a succession of ideas m the infinite mind. All time is before Him. I am is his memorial to all generations. Great divines have supposed that He had all possible plans before Him when He made the universe, and that He chose the best. We think the supposition destroys itself; imperfect plans could have rio place in a perfect in- finite intelligence. Were religion cumbered with the details of abstruse doc- trines, and we were required to study all the e, would a thousand years suffice for such an effort ? Suppose one wished to commend the excellency of a system, say the Copernican or Newtonian astronomy, and I should furnish a dozen other systems, we can only judge by a careful comparison— now applv this to the uni- verse; when could the comparison be made, and what bearing would it have on our duties, and, absorbed as we are in cares and anxieties, what attention could we give to such vast designs? Religion reveals but very imperfectly its myster- ies, and maintains a discreet silence upon myriads of doctrines, because not one of them is required to be known in order to the discharge of duty, and to study these with our present powers would be like asking us to point out objects in the blue heavens in a cloudless day or in the dark, unfathomed caves of earth or ocean. Who ever could explain the work in our inner nature of that myster.>us spirit from on high ot the wind that bloweth where it listeth through the 'limitless universe in an instant ? Our restless curiosity has not been grati- fied by revelation that would lead us to multiply speculation to infinity and turn us not only from doing good to others but from bringing our thought into obedi- ence to Christ and purifying our souls in obeying the truth. The very restric- tion of our knowledge is a standing monument of infinite wisdom. This contracted, fleeting life is inseparable from losses, trials, sorrows, suf- ferings, miseries. Prisoners of hope we are, it is true, but exiles, aliens, foreign- ers and strangers in a foreign land. The objections against religion and the objections against the complications of our calamities are capable of nearly the DirricuLTiEs 01? religiom. ,-, }e^L7.T'- ^' '\'^'''r "^^ ^'^ «"" ^l^'hed .vith material bodies-ihat the ?X1,w.edVe t tr e"S^^ soul hungering and thirs'tu^g fettced.. im,?risoned-:i.Sr^ '^k^etlo^nrfli^TL^^P w^M XX'fiT ,nfinit."^T 'r^''"'' Bmutenwith blindness it knows not TtselfiTk^^^^^^^^ CaWrr? wt, r Khu'''^' 'h "k^V' "" ' ™'' ""■""e '» 'he-See o Hon ?;/::"• We°arSM '„"k° '"^ "'"="! ""'"B "''^•-""e"!™: S^' uoniorusi' We are children here, but manhood is to be reached anri thL placed .n the m.dst of the most exalted environments we shaHnof so slow W b[tr'He"r'an'he?^"T'T- • '^^'^^^ ^"^^ ''^' ^ I^s^on from tS fi'yT'L' l£t^{bKe w^utd g^Vh.^ fl^i'^o tht;uU,;^e7S i" fe^ tht jackals-he seems not to know yet of his translation. Ready L was to lave Elih. /ntT" ^"^^hrone. At the translation, when fhe Ui Iwind suL ded r^r rL^d^oTt^-^^EiXg^t^r^^^^^^^ ^:^r\s r^^"'- ? not HrT. .? • K ". ^"^ archipelagos-so little enchanting that sinners can- ranso3 nf'l ^"/'^''?'' '"?' '^^ ^''■^" ^^'^ ^"^ follow the highway where the ransomed of the Lord are hasten ng onward to elorv eternal? FmLnllT to whom the perfection of beauty has no altraSs - The rum shoo "^"^^^ covetousness which is idolatory-lthe love of gain, to gratify which the? make tricken'o th' '^^^^*g^ ^° W^«« '-^"d extort Wirmites^rom the pov^^^^^^ stricken of their own species-these, and the ten thousands of others thai r^fJh^ be named carry them headlong. They not only do not give to the need^a commanded but contrive to rob them of 'the product of thf r t^l. This hU handed robbery ,s chargeable against governments in kingdoms states and nro vmces, agamst manufacturers and merchants, combinerbrnkers and mon^J lenders, agamst every form of extortion in th^ hands of' S or poor The/ .conversation corrupted byThe'vtness o7 ti;^h;artt:„° S^t^cL^Tl'S contnved and uttered to produce laughter and an.usement absolutely indelical^ 1i ii it : , i; •H; «s« DIFKICUITIIIS or RKMGION. and calculated only lo offend the ear of innocence. Wars are looked upon as horrible because thousands are slain and olher thousands wounded, and nations are plundered and spoiled, both the conquerors and ihe vantiuishtd, but drunk- enness and riotous living are ihe common occurrences and scarcely rebuked. With wha» eagerncs do some, md with what deliberation do others place them- s<*lves in that catalogue of whom it is declared they shall not inherit the king- dom of heaven. What an experience will it be to those to see the victims of their fraud, rapine and cruelty pardoned, purified and admitted to Heaven and they themselves left out. The door of repentance is open and the way of re- formation is possible. The greatest difficulties of religion are of our own mak- ing. They arc, in the practical part of religion, so clear, plain and palpable. Lives there r. man who does not know that liars shall go into pardilion — that deceit, extortion, fraud and a host of like evils are crimson in color. The diffi- culiies of the speculative pale before the degradation produced by these practi- cal defects in their degrading, dehumanizing influences on society and the world. JJiT The objectors to religion because of its difficulties should present one free from or with at least fewer difficulties and we would gladly receive it. The doc- trine of the Trinity is very mysterio.is we fully admit. The object of our ador- ation is one God in th-ee persons. The union of the divine and human natures in the person of the mediator is a depth unfathomable, but what sinner can afford to reject, what .sinner does not need to believe in, a mediator so (pialified and suitable ? The manner in which the divine Spirit operates upon thr soul IS indescribable, ineffable ; but who will deny the necessity of his work in the renovation of our nature and its pr'»paration for the cellestial state. The plans, purposes, foreknowledge, designs, decrees, of the Eternal Father are declared to us in the sacred Scriptures. These no created intelligence can fathom or comprehend. The lovers and defenders of religion are not all of gigantic in- tellects, perhaps cannot state arguments in the clearest light or arrange their evidences and proofs in the most perfect order. They may not be able to sat- isfy every inquirer, for some are not easily satisfied. They may not be able to see alike the same points of doctrine, so that forbearance and meakness is often taxed in the best tempered men. The golden rule is not always observed. These things are often used against religion. Collect then all the difficulties we admi^ add to them if you please those we do not admit, and form your sys- tem. We shall then request you to show us in opposition to this a system which is not loaded with greater and more inextricable difficulties. Do you prefer atheism, and say we cannot prove the existence of God ; how do you account for time, space, forms ? Here are mysteries infinitely less defensible to rational beings than those of religion. " The invisibh things of Him from the creation of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the thirigs ihat are made, even his eternal power and Godhead, so they are without excuse." Do you oppose the doctrine of a Providence preserving and governing all creatures ; their movements and actions ; alleging that all things are under laws and do not require intervention or supervision ? Did you ever know laws to execute themselves ? Should you prepare statute books and pile them as high as Ben Lornond they would lie there harmless for ever as to execution. Whence comt the laws that you speak of? Are they created or of eternal ex- istence according to the fitness of things? I'erhaps you think that to notice the little concerns of the world is beneath the dignity of an uncreated and eternal existence? Remember that if thefr rrealion was not unworthy of Him neither is their care and government. Could infinite wisdom and power create beings DIFriCULTIES OK RELIGION, «53 these beings and Ho.^;,;"? U h!, ''^ ''°"'^ *'" "^^ '"'''' ^"^ ''■'"^''3' "f i» not prescribed? C.,l?in7/fi ,"" /"""^""ceive to be a duty that shepher l^poetrtentSe s*^fi^^ ^f revelations :-Can you .suppose tha^ will IHsiorans and w^rrfo^L and jf y^u of the world fh.f,.r' - ^ ^""^ ""^''^ "'^ themselves to speak of the oriain lime and m ic baSr Is^atef Zrf,"^'"'^ ^"'°;>V'" ^ ''y^' ^^' '"o^*^ «"b- Greece. and the Sso Phe 'o^^^^^^^^^^ '"^"'^ ^ ^^^''''' "'' ""'"" ""'"' "''" and whose fan,e KoTy1t"di°ed ^ IT^^:^ '''^y::':!::'!^'''''' cty in man to t"ch m. 1 \o his XS"?;'r ?' '" '°'^ ^"'''"^^ ^ '^'^^ --■ itself where the maintenance of ^ TconceSf ' HowSr' •""^'""^' '/^ Hnd a'light witSt di^k" rf dat wuL[u'nTh"t ? "If t dS'' ,:'"•' "'l'- ^°' were multiplied -its doctrinp^ i^cc ,7 i ^ J ". difficulties in religion scribed and Med-w? hLld r.^^^^^^^ Proved our knowledge more circum- preferable to all other systems to whSfh^''"'' deepest gratitude as infinitely tore feaci^ "welisri^l^nglT^iro^ra periotnS."r„ '^"y^ ex>« , P..JCCC our enqumes nUo ages to come and walk by faith not by"i^l«l! *S4 DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION. leave our kin and country like the patriarch for parts unknown and create for ourselves new orders of things now too shadowy to have any real existence. " Faith is the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen." The history of so many tribes of our race is so obscure, fabulous, fragmentary, and has to be raked up from monuments scattered over many lands, stones, bows, marble slabs, pottery and such characters, to read and decipher, as have tried the patience and scholarly attainments of our most talented and educated men. Amid all this confusion and uncertainty, the volumes of Revelation spoken and written "at various times" are complete, perfect, infallible, every word of which is pure, and the very life and nutriment of the human soul. Nothing has been added to it; nothing taken from it in all the transcriptions, nothing changed, nothing lost. To the faith in its truth we immolate all the theories of human religions, all the systems of human reason, all the pleasures of sense. We have learned to believe in the incarnation, the atonement, the resurrection and ascension, and we hope, in virtue of these great facts, we shall be delivered from the bondage of sin, and have an entrance ministered to us abundantly into the everlasting kingdom, to partake in the felicity and glory of the blessed God— to these hopes we sacrifice the charms of the visible creation, the wealth of the universe, the phantasia of greatness, the kingdoms of the world and all their fading glory. The mind is as capable of believing as it is of rea- soning or loving, or even of thinking—these peculiarities are in harmony not in conflict. The initiatory point of faith seems clearly to be the evidence of the senses or of the object in contact with our sensitive nature. We see, hear, touch and regard as real existences the objects with which we come in contact. To these experiences of our own we add that of others — we see with their eyes, heai with their ears, walk with their feet, think and reflect with their minds, and thus increase our knowledge, multiply our universe and reach or grow up to the measure of the stature of well-informed beings. This second species of evi- dence rests on testimony that is the testimony of others, as distinguished from the testimony of our own senses. One mind comes in contact with another, recognizes its usefulness, submits to its authority and receives its testimony, which takes rank with our own experience. Let us try to illustrate. On a ser- ene night, when myriads of stars sparkle in the blue expanse, two men occupy a point of observation. One lifts his eyes to the sublimity of the boundless fir- nriament, where the gorgeous splendours of the starry vault fill him with admira- tion. Their magnificence, mysterious manifestations and glory furnish such awe inspiring evidence of that Infinite One, who in wisdom formed them all, that he stands impressed with that profound reference such a spectacle is cal- culated to produce. Here are abundant evidences of the object or of the senses on which faith is founded. His companion, with a mind gifted, cultivat- ed, profoundly reverent, capable of great emotion, yes, ecstacy, stands a stranger to all this captivating vision, manifests not the least enthusiasm amid such transcendent glory. In vain has he devoted his mind to thought, in vain cultivated superior talents, to stand statue-like in the centre of such a scene. He is blind, he has never seen the light, has not an idea of a color in the rain- bow, cannot paint one tint of th. rose whilst enthusiastically admiring its fra- grance. " Not to him returns day, nor the blest approach of even or movn." Ignoi -»t of what has kindled up the mind of his friend, of the felt delight and what inspired it, he must wail the revelation to produce in him a kindred faith — a rapturous emotion, a corresponding admiration. F^xceptiug this defect, both possess the like susceptibilities, are capable of the like faith in the exis- tence of these objects. The blind man may form an idea of space or distance DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION. 255 of^^^ti'lT'^^^^^^^ remote, but has.not a conception tial llobes, iheir maSderdistances Lf^^^^^^^^^ '"^ ?"" ""/I.^" °^^^"^ ^'^''' in which they shine.^ Te gloSrdescrin inn ^ "° 'T ''^ ^^e radiant glory his curiosity/wakes up his thoS hfL'^'"'" arrests h.s attention, stimulates culates distances! admiestl^^firea^L^'yT' ^'^ '"""'"' '■^^°"^^««' ^^1- Everything is new sSe o LinSSL f ..''"'^ ^^' "'^"^ '" ^^^'^ revolutions, mental visinj^hat a kbory^uTavtfor^^^ w.th every flash on his by only opening his eves can di.^Ll ^°™ ^" .obscure idea of what his friend that the e?es of hi S havetrseen'"heta¥''' ^f f^f'^'^"' ^^^ ^' ^"'« its sparkling colors, and^e grertnesfof th/Tt^'f^^ the universe in all but deeply rooted is his faith G^T. L u T 1° ^"^'"^ ^^'' "°'»0" the more found, he can renew it a a fiance hMfS"' ^"^' ^^e impression is not so pro- -andtherewaTgenlrallyfccords^^^^^^^^^^^ '^""^"^ ^'^ ^^^^ and will prove wofthyS The expenditure ' He^r';. ^' ""'''■ l^' ""-'J^'' ^" "^^^^ mony, believes in it and endeavors o form in^lZT'' ""J'^ '"'^ '/ '^' '''''- visible heavens. Here we find tL "h^" ^-' soul an adequate idea of the and harmony with the sirred word : '' bS d ar'e tle'v thTh". ""' " ^^^^1 yet believed." No illustration is oerfecf S fw I t ^""^ "°^ '^^" ^"^ Saviour in the flesh, nor wknesLd S mi^^V k t? u^ "°^ '^^" their sion and doctrines, musrthinrstudt adop a cou^se^fd^^^^^^ '""'^^''^ "'^^ suspend their pleasures set isidp f, r o T u^ o* deep, serious reflection, impressions 0/ truth and cuhivafe thi nobrLiS'" T^^'^ T^-^^^^ ^° S^'" our Sovereign Creator so to cZ^t\uZ,lu J"" ^ '''°'^' '^ ^as pleased earth as a race we must ruiaT/rf^l ^'^ ^"'^ '° '■^P'"^^^"^ °"^ ^a'-eer on win a kingdom, we Tust take bv?oro.LrH '"'f ^^'^^'^Pl'sh, a victory we must actuate and govern Tfli^h <<V?L f.^l''°'f ''' f ^ '^' P"nciple that must even our faith." This is better ad.nf.^ /n .i!''''?'"^ 'H' overcometh the world, are placed. The fai h thafrests uifon th. J ' IT ° r*^"^'"" '" ^^ich we but little to examine .hem-but fbok burth^rT'l^' °^ '^' "^^^^^^ ^««*-^ which lodges the truth witL us mVina .iT '^''V^'"^'^ .--eqinres much labor, the mind must be mS^ ronger fa^th ^ H.n ° T"^^ "o^nshment and vigor to worthy of all acceSion° p'lhh^^^^^ «o . d'vme truth is "full of faith and of huLn religfons give giVen Tt te hi^st hnno V'^' ^'"^ '^'' "" '"^^"^""^ tion of ail their systems No7h na ^ n f °"°' ^^ '''^^'"S " ^t the founda- it is not the pe"?;S; of priWl gV^^^^^^^ more rea.sonable, as human race. It may be stronger in^omr .v u\ u '^^'"'"O" heritage of the elevated; the objects aret^arirmore v vir'^Pw'^r'"^ '^"" '" ^^^ers less to all. Who does not beirev/^hn?w ' ^^-^'^ ^^^ evidences are alike ope« never been there bufthey hive heaSot il^n T '"^^ ^^°"^"" ' '^^^ey have they know more doubt it than if ttv h.H f^^'T^ '^ "^""^ about it, that believe a strange truth tl It few hive heaJdls no't so .''' ^"^"^^ y?^"-.- B"t to titude rejects it— this puts one^ to tL ? / ? "" ??>'' ^^Pe^aHy if the mul- the grandeur of Sl^h'^^aTeo^^/ CwT/-^"^^^^^^^^^^ abled them tx> dispens; whh the ss stance nfT'^ '"? ^^^^^^^'^ ^^"h as en- aries.. Whenth/mindrvoilli^Lrr^^?^^^ the billows to the bSifJand rnnnnn' r'"!'' ^'^f '^'"' ^"^ the foam of tnind is not an em^?;^^^ ll^S^^^U U :;^t:Sl;ST^ce^;; ^^ Hi I I l-l nil ■!■} II ! : 1: ■ '56 DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION. IP into which truth may be showered from the bright clouds of re^-elation which it has the power of absorbing, holding, enjoying and being enriched and carried forward in the light and sweetness of it to the accomplisliment of all its designs and commands. Truth is the light of the mind. It may be said, when we have reasoned out a subject from the premises to the conclusion, what more do we want? Much more ; the way may be long or the route circuitous, the mind wearied with a long induction of particulars, and u doubt disturb not in the course reason leaves the truth without you ; whereas, faith plaiiLs it within, in- ter.veaves it with our nature, vivifying and invigorating it, giving it a triumpli over the most stubbo.n doubts and difficulties. " Seeing is believing," they say, but great must be the difference between vision and faith without the presence of the objects. In the long Instory of the race the mightiest deeds have been done by the men of faith. Such men have secured for themselves the estima- tion of others — their faith has been the strength of the weak and tlie salvation of the fainting, and men and nations nave been mighty or feeble in proportion as they have cultivated or neglected this great virtue. In great emergencies in fearful crises the victory has always been to him who had faith and who hoped against hope. Last year they lionized Columbus who gave Europe the New World. That intrepid hero animated by a strong faith went from one sovereign to another, begging an outfit and in return offer- ing them a world. He refuses to be turned aside by the ridicule and the con- tempt of courtiers and buffoons t;l! he got from Ferdinand and Isabella his little fleet that he might realize his dream. Battling for months amid the wastes of ocean, amid the dangers of of an adventurous navigation, amid the cries of a mutinous crew, seeing his death written in the angry eyesof his sailors, he keeps his faith, he lives by his faith, and asks only three days, the last of which pre- sents to him this conquest." Consult the pages of history, the warriors of an- tiquity. Gideon is called to raise an army of peasants to drive out the invading foes of his country. He asks evidences that he may be successful ; he believes in these evidences, and when his army is reduced to 300 men his faith is not diminished. As directed, he takes his servant and glides steaihily to the camp, hears a dream narrrated and intrepreted, and with the faith and courage of a hero he gave the word and three hundred trumpet blasts, threw his enemies into a panic, and in the light of 300 lamps they thought a huge army was upon them, and the war cry, the sword of the Lord and of Gideon, terrified them, so that in the darkness they slew one another. The faith of Gideon and his heroes became contagious— the people of the land rose to the greatness of the occasion and hotly pursued the fugitives till they made an end of their enemies. Another intrepid leader with three hundred heroes appears in the history of the Greek struggles for liberty. Leonides, King of Sparta, with three hundred men was sent to defend the pass of Thermopylae, between the mountain and the sea against 800,000 persians. It seems most unreasonable and unjust to send such a handful of noted warriors to immolate themselves in the pass. The king sent back the allies retaining only his 300 heroes who were to conquer or perish. Lofty souls they determined to set an example, not to the Greeks alone, but to the men of all ages by nourage the most heroic and deeds, the most daring and splendid on the battle fields of the world. The Persian said : " Deliver us your arms." The Spartan said, "Come.and take them." The Persian said his fol- lowers were so numerous that if they let fly their arrows toward the sun they irOUiu uaiB.eij iiiD iJ^:ii. 1 uc opuiiati saiu, i iic VTicCiis (jaii iijJiii iJi iJic sauuc, Could it be anything but a mighty natural faith that sustains such intrepid heroes, till one alone was left alive to tell a talc of such thrilling interest? It is held» DIFFICULTIES OK RELIGION, as? too, that this natural faith gives men a presentiment of victory and its diminution a presentiment of defeat as they enter the battle field and engage in the deadly conflict, a presentiment that realizes itself. There are forms of government and of politics that have long endured, not because they are the best adapted to the people or the times, but because the people are accustomed to them, believe in them and hold them fast in their convictions. There are people that hardly change the form of their clothing from generation to generation for centuries. The ancient Romans are said to have believed that they could build a city that would last forever, an idea perpetuated from age to age which may have aided them in their great conquests. They never treated with their enemit. but as victors. When they purchased a peace with Brenus the Gaul for so many pounds weight in gold and the chief threw his great sword into the scale vowed he would have the weight of it extra, they took back the gold to the treasury and renewed the war. When Hannibal the Carthagenean had beaten them at Can- nase and sent two bu.sliels of rings worn by Roman Knights slain in that battle to Cartnage as a tropliyof the victory— when the imprudent Varo has lost them an army and escape to Rome they gave him a vote of thanks in the Senate because he did not despair of the safety of the republic showing how much importance they attached to faith. Laws the most unjust, even barbarous, are passed and people are attached to them and preserve them intact for ages. What else keei)s the antagon-n policies of nations but the faith of the parties in them? Faith often attaches itself to an individual and a man will lead a multitude in politics or war. They do not weigh the reasons, they only believe in the men and obey them and their weakness is turned to strength by such a faith. Riche- lieu, Carour, Palmerston, Beaconfield, Gladstone, may be named among states- men ; among warriors, William of Normandy, Cromwell, Conde, Parma, the Nassaus, Marlboro, Bonai)arte, Wellington, Ney and others ; among seamen, Blake, Nelson, De Winters, etc.— characters wonderful, gifted and mighty, who divided the empire of the world of men among them in their times and countries. They understood the men they controlled and the sublimity of their faith car- ried them through their vast achievements. Faith has been the principle of the greatest deeds the world has witnessed. Credulity is not faith. Men may re- port what is not true so often tha^ they almost believe such things. It is delus- ion. Faith does not absolutely require truth for its basis, but what is not true cannot last, must be discovered and give way to something new though errone- ous. Human religions being pure inventions of men, must in the growing light of years and ages be discovered as baseless, and be abandoned for something sui)posed to be better, and the superstitious notions held by many are but the dregs of old cast off beliefs of former times, that cannot bear the light of more intelligent ages. .Such Pagan relics oppress instead of strengthening the mind They were tyrannical to the moral perfections of man. They were a stagnant pool in which intellect could make no advancement and no improvement in moral culture. The true religion [troposes the renovation of the mind. Except a man be born of water and of the spirit he cannot enter into the kingdom of God ; and further proposes that we should find the greatest happiness on earth in the regeneration of our nature, "He that believeth on him is not condemned." " He that believeth not is condemned." " Great peace have they that love thy law. " Great ha])i)iness there is in the growth of faith. It is most strange that men with such cravings for the Infinite should be capable of idolatry have been entangled in more refmcu science of politics, which have swallowed their whole devotions. How many in our lands make politics their religion ; smile at the mysticisms of Christians forgetting that their mysticisms are less tender, not at .iiii m m »58 DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION. all spiritual and. far more inconceivable to thinking men. Appearances may be deemed real, but when found unreal enthusiasm ends in disgust. When faith dies or its foundations dissolve the man is deeply grieved and humiliated to think he had committed himself to a baseless faith that deserted him in the hour of need. Would it not be infinitely preferable to cast it away and take a faith that never will desert you, but make you conqueror and more than conqueror throiigh Him that loved us. All men should make themselves acquainted with this faith and if it possess excellencies above others, give it the preferance. In Christian lands the evidence ol its importance and excellencies are very manifest. The greatest, the most absorbing characteristic is that eternal salvation is suspended on it. If thou shalt confess with my mouth the Lord Jesus and shalt believe in thy heart that God had raised him from the dead thou shalt be saved ■ Many other passages confirm this fact. Salvation is inseparably connected witli faith. He that believeth not shall be damned. This faith stands in contrast with faith m all other religions in that it changes the whole life of man and pre- pares him for salvation, which begins here on earth and is consummatecf in glory and eternal life. Faith saves us only by receiving the truths of the gospel into the mind that regenerate and refine it. Truth lies out of the mind, are no part of it, till faith brings them in and enables it by repentance to retrace its steps backward to obtain and cherish the convictions of its great need of salva- tion and of God's willingness to confer salvation upon it. The soul thus pene- trated by the truth is freed from the fears and the terrors of divine retribution joy and peac^ spring up where trouble and sorrow reigned and the sinner par- doned emancipated has all the powers of the mind and heart turned towards his benefactor. The man under the clear impression that he is forgiven can now forgive that is loved, can in return love his father in heaven and his brethren on earth. They can " bear one another's burdens and so fulfil the law of Christ " since a loving saviour has borne " their sins in his own body on the tree." Can such a one stray from the path of life when it is a highwav smoothed for his feet can he fail in benevolence who is conscious of having received everything he posso;ises. He willingly submits to that government which he knows is con- ducted by the wisest of Beings, offers his supplications to him who gives them a place in his imperial rule and whose very spirit teaches how to pray and " maketh intercession for us with groanings which cannot be uttered." "This IS the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith." Revolutions in human souls are so very mysterious that those who were the greatest persecutors became the most forgiving, the greatest haters the most affectionate, the most patient, pains-takmg instructors of the ignorant and ungovernable. Humility takes the place of pride, and a man becomes all things to all men that he may win them to this religion in order to their salvation. Faith is instrumental in lodging truth in the inward parts and then the life is one of faith. The great apostle says " The life I now live in the flesh I live m the faith of the Son of (iod, who loved me and gave himself for me." Is the man of faith misre|)resented ? Is he provoked to anger, wrath, revenge ? Is he encompassed by ungodly men, who are rich while he is poor ! Will he envy them ease, wealth, pleasures ? His well grounded faith in that Providence who rules and reigns accounts foi his submission, patience and tranquility. " We know that all things work together for good to them that love God ; to them that are the called according to his purpose." Had faith only a finite object to rest on its snrr^cc wnnM l-ip iJinlforl itc fr.''!»"'^K'- K-n...,J-j . u-.^ -.i •. r 1 •' J ""' "" '''""■;"'= tjuunucu , ijui wncii us foundation and author is God, who includes in himself all principles, regulates and sustains all. how could such a faith fail? The believer is to call on Ck)d DIFFICULTIES OK RELIGION. jcg tsdfesifec ally bv love Th''' ''"''k "/^'^"^ ''^'''''''' °"^ natures man Ls h ?f ^h" °'' ''"r"!-'''" ^"'^"•'^' ^he unconditioned he gLs the rein' to Tove^^^^ igh M "Xetvtoel'ttrT ''°"' "'-^^ -f-^i^rprofiTabraS d° obtam lh= salvation which is in Christ Jesu, wtlh e,ern«^>?"'' i^i- ' • '^ eternally young instinct, with its anth Js u;"',^^^ i, 'l^a riS with a S"n!;' f'^S.l'!?"!',! ^. ?1*I"' l»'^ ""'-'"■" in the shadow" anZourished h?f edln:,he:;HdfSiSo?.-A"dT™;,U;'rhitToVti:Z^^^^^^^ for nineteen centuries against all the world. For nearly thrlehnndr./ wtth no weapon but faith, she withstood the p„tem'a"e?S the'^S "fe m 111 I rifi iiil'i m ifto DTKFICULTIES OK RELIGION. armies — bled at every pore — her apostles and bishops, her Pauls and her Polli- carpes were beheaded or burnt ; her confessors and her martyrs bore their tes- timony in the face of opposition the most barbarous, and magistrates the most severe, terrific and unrelenting ; and they loved not their lives even unto death. Upon such a survey who can help concluding that if there be any principle that can stimulate to deeds the most noble, the most exalted and praiseworthy, and to trials and suffering ineffable and the most excrutiating, it can be no other than Christian faith. This is the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith. We have no sympathy with hero worship; we condemn it as un- worthy of man. Peter said : " I am a man " ; the angel said : " see thou do it not, worship God." We have occasionally apotheoses in the church and min- isters sometimes slightly adored and others, even as good or better, dispi.sed. These things are simply abominable. But casting all this to the winds we may sec in the energetic work of the church, in all her branches, a proof beyond all controversy, the vitality, energy and activity of the principle of faith in all its subjects and votaries. Beyond this there is satisfaction and a certainty in faith We do not refer to the external evidences of religion which have multiplied in the ages, which the agnostics and sceptics of these times treat with a supercili- ous contempt, and which perhaps not many m a thousand trouble themselves to look at. No; we refer to the evidences the Christian has in his own mind, which everyone can reach and lay his hand on ; the love of Christ in his soul, which raises his faith above every other belief. Can you prove to the true Christian that he does not love God? He may not be able to convey to you proofs satisfactory, because feelings cannot be expressed in words, nor can words drive them away. That which has given him the jjower to love God must be from God. Christianity gives him that power, therefore it must be the truth. If God by this gives a man power to love him, will you venture to per- suade him that he does not know the truth? We have established facts that faith springs from truth taken into the heart. Faidi cometh by hearing and hearing by the word of God. Ye great scholars, profound thinkers of the nine- teenth century, restlessly active spirits, who have unlimited faith in your money- making powers, in combinations and syndicates to fill your houses with treasures — you have faith in the power of the viewless winds — of the waterfalls, steam and electricity ; you have faith in chemistry to dissolve or combine the elements in the composition of the globe ; sever the precious metals from the dross ; the aluminum from the thick clay ; you believe in gravitation and astronomy ; in cultivating the earth and navigating the seas. Many of you believe in almost everyth;.,g but religion. You have human faith but not divine faith — natural faith, but not Christian faith. Your form inay be of the finest mould; your talents of the highest order ; intellects clear and vigorous. Your career may be a model of success. Your wealth millions. You may be princely merchants, sagacious statesmen, shrewd politicians, prosperous bankers, successful manufacturers, talented lawyers ; whatever may be your occupation or employment, you may acquit yourselves well, faithfully and with credit, but what will you do with all these things in a few years if you be without that saving faith. Can you not examine this faith and consider well those heavenly truths that feed it and give it health and vigor and beauty? What we may si • c-^nnot cause you to em- brace it. That must be your own voluntary act. . iments do not convert men. Life communicates lite. God converts, using ^he means of his own choice. But is the faith we speak of worthy of no cor.-.klevation ? Should the revealed truth of God be refused or lightly esteemed? 1, the human soul, the highest part of the creation of God, unworthy of eternal Wkf Can a prudent 11: DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION. a6i man object to a single sacrifice religion damn nds? Are fraud, falsehood, cruelty, oppression and wrong preferable? Is there anything shameful the Gospel re- quires you to believe or practice? "It i the power of God to salvation to everj; one that believeth." I'aul s;i;s to the Saints at Rome, " Now unto Him that is of power to establish you according to my Gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ according to the revelation f the mystery which was kept secret since the world began, but now is made manifest and by the scriptures of the prophets according to the commandments of the everlasting God made known to all nations for the obedience of faith. To God only wise be glory, through Jesus Christ for ever. Amen." The faith of many is dim and feeble when it should be clear and powerful, because of the abu of th( distinction between moral evidence and mathemat- ical evidence. You have a clear idea that iwo even numbers added together the result is an even number ; that the radii of a circle are equal to one another; that the spoke.-, of a well-balanced wheel are of equal length. This is mathematical, or if you will, mechanical evidence. An even number multiplied by itself produces even number. This is a clear notion of the subject. Moral evidence on the other hand is lounded on testimony worthy of credit. Why shoald this evidence not 1" as strong as the other? That there is such a country as Hindostan and such a city in that country as Delhi I have not the least doubt, though I knowpersonally nothing of either by my own observation or experience.' I have read that a gicat general, the brave Major-General Nichol- son, stormed Delhi with a party of British troops, drove out the thou.sands of Sepoys and received the wounds that occasioned his death. I can only be per- suaded of the existence, say of Delhi, by a kind of evidence that Tmay call moral, but to me as certain as any other. Could ail the travellers and writers conspire together to deceive me as to the existence of the capital of that em- pire of the great Timoor or Tamarlane ? You can no more convince me of this than that you can convince me that two and two make five. You could not destroy nor even weaken t'le testimony of which an intelligent man is con- vinced that Hindostan exists, and that Delhi, a city in that country, exists, if the existence of Delhi is illusory, that two and two make four is also illusory, and the existence of a city cannot be proved to the man who has not seen it. On such principles we could not believe that Demosthenes or Cicero existed ; Hanibal or Fabius existed. We sliould not have a shadow of the past that would not be swept away into the gulf of annihilation. The common sense of men compels the admission that moral evidence is as sound, as firm, as reliable as mathematical evidence. This may disabuse the mind that evidence changes with the objects. By the same kind of evidence that we prove the existence of great historical characters we prove the existence of the noted scripture characters and by no other, and objections, if they hold to one case hold with ecjual tenacity to the others. The truth of a fact depends not so much on the nature of the fact as on the evidences by which it is supported, provided it does not imply a contradiction. It may be admitted that stronger proofs are necessary to form and establish the belief in extraordinary events than in those of daily occurrence— to induce the belief that a man of great wealth or of ex- traordinary talents and learning is humble rather than proud of his gifts that a friend is as faithful in adversity as in prosperity, than that he is less so. But must it not be admitted that what is proof of ordinary facts or events is proof of extraordinary. Evidences apply alike to the natural and to the s\i[)ernatural. Is it not most unreasonable to admit arguments and evidences as valid in the one case and not in the other? The stoutest objectors to moral argmnenls and I I liil^ ill 262 DIFFICULTIES OP RELIGION. evidences urge the abuse of the distinction on the plea that there is so much at stake. Oh, if rehgion be not true, if we are being deceived by designing char acters— all is lost, all is vain. Might it not be urged that the men who give the most attention to religion are certainly as happy if not as successful as those who neglect it? We hear no complaints, no self-reproach, no loud and bitter cry among the neglectors of religion, that they have taken no pains to assure themselves that there is nothing in it, by carefully examining its claims and weighing with keen discrimination the evidences by which it is established If religion is a dream it is so pleasant a dream that one never awakes from it with a guilty conscience, never reproaches himself with wasting the energies of an immortal soul in doubts of its own existence or that of its Lord, or of having deceived himself with an irrational, vissionary, baseless faith. The Christian religion is inflexible by its strength. The strong evidences, the powerful argu- ments which sustain it are so abundant and varied that it can with magnanimity dispen.se with fraudulent, fanciful feeble arguments as unnecessary, even injur- ious. Ihe eminent George Whitefield is reported to have said, "Christianity has truth for its bases, heaven for motives, hell for threatenings, and eternity lor arguments." Ihc preacher may use great discrimination, collect the most invincible proofs, employ the most powerful reasonings to establish his doctrines produce living impressions and league together himself and the possessors of taith to cheerfully wave their baqners peacefully, maintain their stand in calm dehance of defeat from any combination, heathen, pagan, mahomedan, ration- ahst or errorists of any description in the universe. Some object that circum- stances and details have not been minutely given by the sacred writers. It might suffice that it is the communication of divine wisdom who has kept back nothing profitable. The mind is not burdened with non-essentials. Inquisitive geniuses, have you any doubt about the facts (you have scanty details) of the battles of Hastings, Cressy, Agincourt, Australitz, Waterloo, Flodden, Bannock- burn? Any doubts that Hannibal, Alexander, Cyrus and Csesar existed, though we have few details, and some doubtful? Your regrets should be rather that so little attention is given to the myriads of facts so well established that so great Ignorance of holy writing prevails, that minds are so barren of tr'ie knowledge and so full of fancy, fable, superstition, that there is little intellec.ual and moml development and so much consequent poverty and misery. Can we have a natural, vigorous growth of faith whilst the sources and feeders of it are so neg- ccted? We are ignorant of ourselves, and it is a most difficult task to under- take to know ourselves. The estimate men generally form of their own charac- ters IS an mexhaustible source of ridicule. Self blinded men are multitudinous Ihe most imperfect men form and express estimates of others bodily and intel- lectually as if they had concluded that they were only blocked out, or that the scattolding of such creatures had been only set up whilst themselves were su- perb--perfect in mind and body. Most tender of themselves they fall foul of the whole human race. Here and there a hero, or a beauty, or a millionaire may command their adoration. How many heavy phlegmatic characters fancy themselves philosopers possessing an understanding uncommon, enlightened accurate, clear, refined, and this opinion is so profound and deep-rooted that the forces of an empire combined could not drive them out of it. Politicians believe their policy alone true, worthy to be held and acted upon, and that the nation mus^t perish should the reins of government get by a possibility into the - . ,)j...,j!„i,.„ .,,,.„ ,^,^.. ^ t,.i!ainiiy lakes piace and the Ureaiied predicted horrors occur not, they never become wiser by the events but con tinue to propagate the deceit to future generations. The history of the British DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION 263 Empire is full of illustrations of this melancholy fact. Advanced as are the men nf dv'ilfzefwoHd' rSs' Z':' '-gf-g-tocksV-ake ^fthLlfv's^oXresI Tre not^nnt; f ''/'k'"'' ^^i (""P'^^^santness Americans call it) in An eWca cuWv«.d iT.HnrrH ""•' ^ ""^"u "' ""^ ''^^'' developed minds, not .0 mention taste of ^h^ °^"'' '*'''" '""'"''^' "^"^ themselves-they cannot help the w efched Yo f hL nen fn";ir' "^'" '•■' ^^^T'V"^^^ andjmisunderstood while They Hve vice aU at one. 7h^r '\ ""T1"^ °^ slanderers and take a stand against their kal wi L.uZ ^V \ ""r ^u '"'^y "?" ^'■y""^ °Pi"'«"' 'he mo.st hypocrit- ical will assume the garb of the most nnocent, each thinking himself in L sense whatever such a sinner as he condemns. Such is orvanfty-we cannot man to know hinTlf Tf ' demonstrating, that it is extremely difficult for a nfrn J «n himself. If we would examine ourselves, and not be always ai^road engaged with external things, and ask whether our good deeds Vrol ft^m sincere or selfish motives-whether our faults were merf surprises or from miernal corruption, we would soon know whether we would deny hTm.th ^th Peter, or die for it with Stephen. We refuse to see ourselves in the Dortrahs TlTu'^^:^ ""^ "'• . "°^ ^''''^y ^^ ^d"^i>-e the courage of preachers Tho are cCse o l"deVtr%^°™H ^ °^/^ living wLtwe'admire in the d" Massilnn .r<f K , ^^'J^h Nathan, John the Baptist, Stephen, John Knox. Massion are heroes, but let the men of to-day take such a stand-how aiX kn'ow "'^^' Pje^^^Ption ! Preach the pure truth and take "the sack "We" know some who have done so more than once. Do preachers grow wise bv experience and their sermons become harmless? WilUonXegadons 1^ t^^ tS rchStJa.: vi^s? %T'''j °i '^'''^ christirSdSe: i:Zrt wi L r J^ ?/ "Character" is the Diana of these days " It was on I^^IL ' ° .^'"^ ^"' '^' ^^'^^^^^^ behind them that produced such effec hold hn^1r"'fK ''^' ' 'T^ "^°^""- H""' ""«^f^ i« s» h teach ng We tl^M^ \'^t '""^T^P^'b'" ^"'■^ 'hat God appoints as the means of con- vers on and which produces character. Our esteemed young friends fresh from nlustratin'l.r' w'' f "P^l!^'^" ^'''''''''' «^'-^-' history, may be ail used a Illustrations. We have known old preachers who have cnnninalv ."t^.n,! uv^idcu aoctnnes and preached the characters of apostles," prophetT'oatri archs, and were very happy in their work for long years, bu such old kfni will not be admonished. We are so honest in justlyfng ou se v s if nof in con- 111 i fF' ■f a64 DlFKICUl.TIES OV RELIGION. (Jemnmg others that the admonition of our best and most faithful friend would turn us against him. To have discovered our weak points makes him detested. Now tho man of faith has a very full discovery of his condition as exactly like that ot other men, ex''e;>' li l I'lis precious faith enables him to more fully un- veil himself, that he may .seriously and resolutely use all available means for his thorough refoMiiation '<]'■. faith must grow by cultivalton to fill up till there be no room tor its enemies in the same mind. The destiny of the believer IS to be changed iiiio the image of the heavenly, "to be filled with all the ful- ness of God." Faith anticipates the future. Had we only to o|)en our eyes to see the objects faith would be simply easy— but when we must read, reflect, l)ursue carefully a long course of study, consult men of learning and experience, suspend our labors and pleasures, irv,L,^;u(., ij)ediiate, assure ourselve* that we are not imposed upon by designing men ; showing most clearly that our ex- ercises and effort correspond and are in fit proportion to our condition, regard- ed as a state of probation in this world. Night of futurity we regard as a justifiable exjiression, because we know .so little about the future. Could we open our eyes to the delights, joys and j)leasun,s of Paradise flourished full into our view? Would it be difficult to .sacrifice the pleasures of the world to secure them? But it requires the forti- tude of a martyr, and in the strictest propriety of hpeep+i all Christians are martyrs, to immolate all that is considered valuable on tlic earth, on the truth and fiilfilmenl of the promises of a future felicity. When we consider how sen- sible things engross the whole capacity of the mind, and that the more remote the object ofaitainment may be the less calculated is it to impress, and as so little, if anything, is left of power to attend to abstract truths, and such truths, when the objects of their contemj)lation are involved in a night of cloudy and thick, deep oblivion, where the promises, like the flashes of lightning in a tempestuous night, throw a vivid and lurid glare at intervals, as if to light us across the chasms, or as if to span or contract the distances between the promises and their complete fulfilment. We are told of a felicity that is eternal, but we see it not and know little if anything of what it consists. We are informed of a great eternal Father who has promised it; but he is the invisible one whom no man hath seen or can see. We must go from ])rinciple to principle, from promise to conclusions, to arrive at a fixed assurance " that He is, and that He is the re- warder of all them that dilligently seek Him." . This involves us in a greater difficulty. It is an entrance into the idea of which He is— the unsearchable in- finite existence whose immeasureable vastness overwhelms and confounds our limited intelligence. We have an idea of time from the succession of day and night and the seasons of the revolving year, but we have not a clear idea of our eternal duration. We have no difficulty in receiving the testimony of our Cre- ator that our soul is immortal and eternal We are assured that our bodies will be raised spiritual and incorruptible. But have we any idea of a spiritual body or any adequate conception of unknown faculties, an unknown economy of new heavens and a new earth wherein righteousness dwelleth? Can I give any des- cription of one race whom 1 have never known or conversed with ; or of that still more exalted angelic society who are to be my associates in the glorifica- tion of my great King Creator? I imagine I picture to myself a state of happy unmingled bliss, dreams of enjoyment ineffable, sublime, but when I attempt to delineate them I am told they bear no i)roportion to anything in the whole wide range of human knowledge in our present state. We form most extravagant notions of human greatness. To sit in tiie seat uf a president, or wear a daz- zling crown, or occupy a throne, and sway a sceptre over millions of our fellow DIFFICUUIKS OK RKl.tGlON. 26', men, what motives to do and dare and endure. Ambitious men would secure mimense wealth, become men of great consi eration, lame, power, influence, renown. Put these all in one scale with all that sheen and tinsel you can at- tach to them ; then, m the opposite scale, attach a crown of glory, an inheritance m heaven, a kmgdom appointed us by the King of Kings- who would not es- teem the reproach of Christ greater riches than the treasures in Kgypl, choose and receive a kmgdom that cannot be moved, look for a city that hath foimda- tions whose builder and maker is God ? But who do choose these enter the strait gate, choose life halt or maimed? The most vehement disclaimers against God's making choice among ns for salvation, are the very men who neg- lect and despise salvation. What a consolation, what gratitude should it gen- erate in our hearts to be able to survey with the eyes of faith, the ai)Ostolic, the prophetic, the patriarchal, the antideluvian ages, to go to the beginning of the creation of God and examine the evidence on which religion securely rests, and tearing up incredulity by the roots, and making study supply the place of expe- rience, snd hope the place of vision, we sacrifice sloth, languor, pleasures and a thousand other evils to the claims of truth, that we may live by faith and pray without ceasing ; that we may multiply o])porlunities of doing good to all men as we have opportunity, especially to those who are of the household of faith. One of the most mysterious doctrines of religion, and one that creates the greatest difficulty in very many inquiring minds, is the application of truth to the soul. The production of faith in us, our embracing Jesus Christ as our only Saviour, and the resultant connection v uh his flock, the church all com- bined, may be attributed to the Holy Spirit as his divine work, as the ai.plica- tion of redemption, the regeneration of the soul. It is set out to us in the Holy Scriptures under various names, such as being born again, born of the Spirit born of God, a passing from death to life, conversion, and also other expres- sions to the like purpose; as renewed in the spirit of your mind, created anew *"ji' 'J' •'^^"^ ""^° ^'^^^ ^°'''^^' ^^^- Nothing in the physical world can be adduced to set it forth o appropriately as these expre.ssions, since it is a spirit- ual change, or as the apostle says, " to open men's eyes and to turn them from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan to God." No subject of this change can give a clear account of the work in his own mind. Every portion of our nature is more or less affected in the transition, sensational, emotional intellectual, spiritual. " The wind bloweth where it listeth and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it coineth or whither it goeth • .sc is everyone that is born of the Spirit." With the forming of Christian faith 'in the mind begins the passage from death to life. Faith is the bond of union with the Lord. Born in sin by nature, a child of wrath, sitting in darkness, dead in sin— he IS made alive ; called out of darkness into God's marvelious light- men are thus " made kings and priests to God.^' The change of the soul agrees with the change in the condition, so he is to " walk worthy of God, who hath called him to his kingdom and glory." The spirit of God comes on the man gives him a new heart, expels the low grovelling notions, fills him with grace' produces in him a magnanimity assortable with the elevation, the dignity the grandeur to which he is called of God. When the young Benjamite came to consult Samuel, the prophet, on a trivial point, he went away a king annointed But how can that uncultivated, country youth assume the regal functions main- tain the dignity and polish of the palace, the discrimination of the judge the . '■ : .",- -■; ;■ " !!„.,., ,c,. ,3.i^i ,j. mc numur.- .oamuci saia, m parting with him, " the spirit of the Lord will come upon thee— and thou Shalt be turned into another man." There are the most ample gifts and quali- 1 1 i lii ; t :6f) Ur.KFICULTIES UK RELIGION. fications for the imperial splendor. Besides these heavenly endowments the king in Israel must write w.th his own hand the law of Moses, and read in it all the days of his life. I here would be a cultivation of legal knowledge and talents and It IS but natural to conclude that, as a careful student, he could readily ac- quire all necessary information for performing all the functions of royalty A "IJ" '1^?;T^ .^. ^.hristian is not, like Saul, made another man, but a new wi^h",l ?n I ^TL '" ^''^"""/ .^''' """"^ '" ^^^ •'^°"'' impresses it profoundly with the necessity of the study of the whole revealed will of God, by which it is nourished as a babe with pure milk. The unconverted sinner is low born, his father ..s an Amonte, his motner a Hitite ; his thoughts are low, sensual, grov- 1 nlL^^ A TiT ^l!'''^' '? ^ '^•''^ ^'^ «^^^^' ^Icvaled, sublime ; his thoughts raised, purified by the "wisdom from above." The same gracious spirit that created the human nature of JesusChrist creates men anew to Christ Jesus unto good works, which God hath before ordained that they should walk in. I his noble biith gives them a high descent, the blood royal of Christ flows in their veins and as He is so are they: "each one resembled the chil dren of a king. It is sometimes objected that the Orientals abounded in the most striking figures of speech, but are the figures not the most appropriate, placing the facts in the clearest and most striking light, conveying to the mind the most convmcmg, pleasing, satisfying realities? Do you express astonish- ment at such a change produced by the spirit of God in the soul? Consider he change on an infant born into the world in respect to sight, hearing, respira- tion, nourishment, and almost all its sensations; is it not a new mode of exist- ence compared with its previous state ? A Christian gives himself to be led by he Spirit, taught by the Spirit, guided by His-counsel, moulded or conformed to the image of the Son of God. What idea can I form of the union between my soul and body ? Of the mode of subsistence of my soul when it leaves The the body ? How do I know my soul ? Is it by idea, or sentiment, or experi- ence or Its operations? How do I think ? Is it by the use of the brain the nerves, or all the parts of the body and soul combined? Does the loss o a hand or foot impair the thinking power? Can sensations be conveyed to mv mmd other than through the bodily organ? I may use these impressions to in crease my Knowledge by reflection, abstract, thought and comparisons. How do I imagine and propose hypothesis, collect facts and arrive at conclusions, or deduct these from the various objects around, as' the works of God and evi- dences of His power, wisdom and goodness, and so increase my information ■ but how IS the lesson communicated? What is to i)revent my bdieving that I shall hear, see, think and converse with others when the body is reduced to dust and is no more m form till raised again from the dead ? If a crucified Saviour and a crucified penitent thief could meet in Paradise, then there is no room for doubt of the capability of the sou! for knowledge, action and enjoy- ment, whether in the body or out of the body. The genius of the Christian religion supposes that a man should make the best use of his reason, not by renouncing but by exercising it, to enable him to decide that no claims can be so strong on him as those of his Creator, and thai the true use of reason is to lead him to God. It is, impossible, perhaps, to demonstrate the doctrine of the immortality of the soul. Tesus Christ has brought It clearly to light. The like may be said of the doctrine of Providence, It isso complicated, difficult and mysterious. Jesus Christ has shown us Iha our Heavenly father feedeth the ravens, numbers the hairs of our head, nro- vicip lor tnc animate ana governs the animate and inanimate creation. What- ey^f dislike men may have in submitting to human authority, can they hesitate niFFICULTIES OK REUOION. t67 tl .i 'ill' ploys to produc appointed means p ' have attained t. in his Son in the iikenes Who could imag le th race to write the v in submitting to the authority of (iod, when that is the condition of entering His Kingdom? Ft is a revolution in man's ideas turning from error to truth darkness to hght, fmm disobedience to oi)cdience, or the wisdom of the just. Ihe spirit IS the u.t!.or of ihis change in the mind, and the instrument he em Scriptures, whi h make men wise unto salvation. The r above human reason, that it never, unaided, could t ofty heigiu. Who could ihink that (Jod would send sinful flesh and for sin to condemn sin in the flesh? 'le spirit of God would inspire men in our sinblightcd . ' "'Otl for our guidance and associate it with the history ot so many nations lor more than two thirds of the whole period of human exist- ence here below and make it the means of the regeneration of that sin-laden race? I hat the spirit should come and enter into the soul, festering with en- mity against (lod as a dead body with mortification and putridity and make it clean, through the word, and pure through faith, and then to obey from the heart the lorm of doctrines delivered us? These things could never enter the heart of man. Hence the authority of God was necessary to impress these things upon us— reason, darkened reason, in its highest efforts was totally inadeciiiatc to the task. Can men be called Christians who attach themselves to virtue and cultivate moral truths on the greatest-happiness principle (Bcntham) or when it assorts with their worldly-mindedness? 7'hey take no reckoning of the future world. Christianity refines our taste that we may attain to pleasures worthy of the excellency of the mind, and more compatible with the exalted nature of religion. The love of money and the love of religion cannot exist long in the same mind : one must destroy the other. How can men worship in spirit if their heads (not to say their hearts) are full of consuls, bonds, stocks, extor- tions, corners, limits, bills of exchange, ships (like the carnal Jews with their sheep, oxen and doves)— winds and waves trouble them, the state of commerce and the favor of the wealthy. Religion says ; If the Lord will, we shall do this or that. A proper trust in the divine will and providence elevates the soul above trusting in man or in means, and teaches him to treat his fellow men with the love becoming those created by the same God, governed by the same providence, possessing the same excellence and the same meanness; not cor- rupting with bribes nor fleecing ihem as sheep, nor treat them as worms of the dust nor wild beasts of the desert. It is very difficult to believe that a double- minded double-faced man can be a Christian. No class of men was so de- nounced by the Saviour, and no class of men so likely to perish as these enemies of truth. All things are possible with God ; but to be a self-righteous pharisse or hypocrite is extremely dangerous. A double-minded man is un- stable. That the Holy Spirit can change a soul from the earthly to the heavenly m a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, is not to be doubted ; but a man to neglect his salvation on this ground is to mistake the economy of the Holy Spirit, as well as the accountability or free agency of man, two things closely connected. The Holy Spirit is the movtr of the men who wrote and the in- spirer of what they wrote. Now, if God intended to save men in spite of them- selves, and without their efforts, would he have given them the Scriptures? On such supposition they would be useless. They declare they were written for our learning. The one implies the other. Then we must learn them or perish for lack of knowledge. We could not know what to believe concerning God or renuires of us without their teachin". The yt\rtiitz ding what duty He to Peter, make us partakers of the divine nature. "" My doctrine shall drop as the rain." The spirit gives men dispositions to acc|uaint themselves with God l^l . i,. I! M ■I'i 26S EIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION. in the way of wisdom. They reason on the things he has made and infer from hem H.S eternal power and Godhead. The study of His glorious perfecion^ m H.S own revelation ,s the duty not only of scholars but of everyTntellS to maT?s iS'Hfr.n"-'"'^ 'f '^ '^^' ^•^"" '^' "°'y Spirit applies redemption n tl^e whnll^ He requires of man a corresponding operation. Man is nowhere m the whole Scriptures regarded as inanimate or irrational. He is set forth as a free agent or at least an accountable agent, and his very accountability rests on his freedom. That famous old father, St. Augustine, teaches that "God who madeus without ourselves will not sav^ us without ou;seTves '' The work of he Spirit and the duty of man are clearly defined. To-day. if you will hear ,h'%T% "^'•^•V''''"^''^^'"^*'^ Spirit. Harden not your heart. Here is he duty of man. A new heart will I give you. Make you a heart I wi or oSt" Tf 'tT^'r '"" H°"^- '' >""■• fl^«h--keep the hea'rt with alldilligenc for out of the heart are the issues or springs of life. Can language se? forth more clearly the work of the Spirit and human duty? Wash yo" make y^S veth;;. h T''*^' -omn^-r^d; then will I sprinkle clean water upo^ you InS ye siial be clean-a clear spec.al promise, and how often fulfilled ? Work out your own sa vation etc. For it is God that worketh in you both the will and the deed. Beholo I stand at the door and knock. If any man hear nw vdce and open the door I will come in to him and sup with him, and he with me How well defined both works arc there. I will pour out my spirit upon yoS Grieve not the Holy Spirit by whom you are sealed unto the day of rcdemptS' God gives light unto men's minds and creates an atmosphere of light for these eyes, and the reason is given, that they may know the hope of hi.s calling and the riches of the glory of his inheritance in the saints. The brightest eyes a r^ useless m the thick darkness, and the clearest light is equally 3ss o the man who IS without eyes or sight to see and admire that ligh^t and going abou grp mg his way or seeking soine to lead him by the hand."^ Such a procedure would De as rational as to refuse to receive, believe and obey the Holy Scriptures tin An n"^ "' ? common At the same time, what should call for such grati- tude on the part of a good man as to see men receiving, believing and obeying dvln^Lff/ 7f '" "V' ^T'y °^ '^' '''' ^^^"^« «"' so^Kominently as the^ m^ fh^. LnH J f ™'r ^""^ '^' renovation of the race? It is scarcely equalled by d.aLr fi ? ^^P^^^ey that prompts some to corrupt, rob and plunder, and degrade, at least as far as in thei/ power, their own species. Why give man a positive law, and stamp sin and righteousness in such burning characters, but to stimulate him to avoid the one with the hatred of death and cleave to the other with the love of life. Why have some meu been impelled to search the whok revelation of God to find out what they are expected to believ. concern- ?!• b /r to dissemmate the result of their investigations for the benefit of their kind, but that they have received a divine impulse from the Holy Spirit Multitudes can neither bring the time nor the necessary talents to the work" but their s^ouls are too precious to be left untrained and ignorant of themselves,' the great Creator, and the work of redemption and of grace. The Spirit is the great sower, the Scriptures the holy seed, and the human race the field of labor and harvest. The Great Shepherd was despised and rejected of men, and many o the under shepherds fare no belter. Their systems of divinity may be called gloomy, horrible, appalling, and their tempers hard, stern, cruel. fernrin„« ci)unet5 generally preferred in twos and threes by their enemies, to distinguish such men who have given the clearest evidence that the world is the better for their having hved m it-which can hardly be said of their detractors. Thcfr aim was - - ■ . •■ii\*^ t ti '-< (^'jf f .j^ j-:i~--^--'. ■«'^^- of love and prayer. The a Christian fathers, like Jeron-' left the noble testimony of i DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION 269 and they seldom missed their mark, to give the world in their great essays and sermons a knowledge of the blessed work of the Spirit in the soul, the purifying power of the blood of Christ, the mighty efficacy of divine grace, and the great victory of faith. It was well for the world that Moses and Samuel lived, that woah, Daniel and Job lived in it, who all co-operated with the Holy Spirit as soon as they knew him. Perhaps they were barbarous characters. Moses gave back the blow like that of a battle-axe on the task-master. Samuel cut a captive king in pieces. The f^ery Tishbite slaughtered a host of false, deceiving prophets l<erocious in the ■ ^ti^ation of a school of refinement he might be, •.k !k° ^^t u ""P"'s*^ of the spirit every time it came upon him, and he witn the others has left us an example worthy of the cause they espoused, i'aul was not disobedient up' , the heavenly vision, but fallowed where the Spirit led and reframed where He forbid. His ferocious temper consented to the death of & ephen, and if too proud to throw the stones that put the martyr asleep, he kept the raiment them that slew him. James and John may not bring down fire on disple;=sing people. Jesus himself demands why he is smitten ;indeservedly. Ev. :, Sampson, who is not painted as a model by any means, yields to the impulse of the Holy Spirit, and with all his faults is a man ^ostohc fathers, like Policarp and Origin, and the and Augustine, also many of the schoolmen, have ,. TT , o • • .nu" "'.- -'<-'"■ obedience to the truth under the guidance of tne Holy bpirit. I he reformers, on whom much mud is thrown since their days, and we presume very unji.tly, and by men not very angelic themselves : the reformers waked up the slumbering nations to think and act as men had not done for a thousand years. Fhe Bourdalons, Masselons, Fenelons and a host ot nameless millions aided in carrying these principles deep into the hearts of men in all societies of Chrisundom. It should be carefully considered that it is the command of God to receive the truth in the love of it; and that what- ever difficulties are encountered in obedience to this command are more than counterbalanced m the opposite direction. We escape the strong delusions ju- dicially sent on them that believe a lie, and the fearful const uenees of tha^ sin. 1 he good sense of men will at once admit that talents and endowments are given to be occupied. It is the wisdom of the recipient not to bury, but to multiply them. Whatever graces are b, stowed are to be improved, not neg- lected. Whatever convictions are produced are not to be obliterated or worn out, but acted upon and deepened. Else all these shall be withdrawn, and the talent taken from him and given to the man who has improved his five to ten • and God shall send strong delusions, that they who received not the love of the truth may believe a lie. Then woe to the carelesc creature when the Spirit departs from him ! It should not be imagined for one moment that because the bpint IS omnipotent that He will overcome our obstinacy and save men in defi- ance of their resistance and neglect of the use of their own natural gifts. Why ^^J 'J?^ iT^"^, °^ ^'^"^^ '"^ liberally supplied ? Why are favorable opportunities afforded but Uiat they should be .seized and improved to secure tl.e great desir- able benefits. Thf loss and removal of these might well throw men into despair and overwhelm them with horror of being castaways. Reprobate silver should men call them, because the Lord hath forsaken and despised them The dis- covery^w^ll ye^t be made that wealth will not save nor mendicity destroy, though t..c ricii may ko.r no danger, for his abii-.dance can purchase honor, and with hese two he needs nothing ; and the poor may be so downcast as hardly to look for salvation ; but the beggar may be carried to Paradise, and the rich man buried in torments. Chastisements are frcin love and lebukes, and threat- Pi! !! Ml h4 270 DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION. enings are to deter from and prevent sin produce genuine repentance and refor- mation of hfe From the proper use of these the best ij^ults follow, witness Nineveh spared for a time ; but if men will not repent, if the prodigal will not return what then but a fearful looking for of judgment and fiery indignation, hat shall devour the adversaries. Belshazzer and Simon Magus, are exhorted to repent It might be a lengthening out of tranquility 10 the one, and perhaps the thoughts of the heart of the other be forgiven. But of, how much sour pun- ishrnent than death without mercy, shall he be thought worthy who halh trodden underfoot the Son of God and counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith He wa? sanctified an unholy thing and i-ath done despite unto the Spirit of Grace ? Why is the Holy Spirit given as a teacher if we are not to learn of Him ? Whv is the knock on the door but to call attention to the one who knocks, that we may receive him to be our guest? One thing essentially necessary to conver- sion, we must be enlightened. We must know the truths of religion It is not necessary to be a philosopher to know the truth. The commonest minds are capable of understanding enough for their salvauon They need not be en- cumbered with curious questions that are agitated to no profit among men. Re- tined reflection and profound investigation far above the comprehension of or- dinary and uncultivated minds are not essential to sahation. But all men will admit that we ought to receive instruction according to our means, capacities and situations in hfe. A Christian should be a Christian not so much because he IS born of Christian parents, though that is a strong reason and to be grate- fully acknow edged, but also because ne has been educated a Christian, and much more, because the truths that make him a Christian have come to him roni God. The Gospel reveals a God that may be known. This is life eternal tha ihey might know Thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom he halh sent, all the declarations of agnostics to the contrary notwithstanding. We are required to prove all things and hold fast that which is good. This developes another principle the effects such truths have on the mind, they transform it and produce an mfluence altogether divine. He that saith I know him and keepeth not his commandments is a liar. " If ye know these things happy are ye if ye do them The attention to be given to truths is not to gratify curiosity, but to better the soul. Now, a little attention to our own human constitution will Show us that the earlier m life we begin our acquaintance with truth and its great author, the easier will be the attainment,- and the mightier the results Keiigion is not a spasmodic thing to be taken up and dropped again easily but a vital principle m us that notwithstanding failings and frailties, holds oA its way, and by repentance and renewed strength, shows virtue predominant over transgression, and in the end victorious. But if we heed not these peculiarities of our nature and defer the work, we risk the forfeiture of the grace, and render our conversion very suspicious ; if not blight and destroy its prospects altogether. VVe are spirits lodged in material bodies and on the temperature of that mater- ial, depends very much our progress. We should not let our system decay nor our memory or other powers weaken till we had made at least respectable at- tainments. We have referred to the work of the Spirit and the duty of man. We can set no limit to the work of the Spirit. Human duty is more within our vision yet mdehnite. If we suppose for a moment that we can do all required to qualify us for felicity, we dishonor the work of God, deceive ourselves and make re- ligion destitute of its divine element, a bodv without a spirit. If we rkim mpn> lor our deeds we forget what duty demands of the unprofitable servants and pour contempt on the merits of the atonement. If Job said he was perfect it 1 ^lii DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION. 271 St>trk wonffr;^''H ^ ^^^^ Saviour or a half Sanclifier is unknown to bcr pture. It would be to do despite to the one or the other. Conversion must be the work of the Spirit in the soul ; for it is bom of the Spirit born o7 G^d In/'i'iT'^ '^"^^' '^^' '^''' ^'' ^-^^^^ of God on the minds of men. hat do not r se to a "ew c^eauon or a new birth. The people at Sinai readily declared that they would do all the commands and be obedient, and their pe.ch was feTnd s'aid""o;"LTth'P"''"' '"' 1^ T ^"^^ P^°^"^-"' ^^ the'readerS me mind said —Oh that there were such a heart in them that they would fear me and keep my commandments. Moses refers to the hypocricy of the speech afterwards, when he told them after all they had seen and heard' God had not dav Thel^r r '° ;i"^^^^^^"d' "°; «y«« to see, nor ears to hear untM S iv; ^.'^^'^, d^^^V^'J'''" ""f'^y professed conversions, lasted not even forty days. Stephen told the people :-Ye resist the Holy Ghost as vour fathers did They were uncircumsised in heart and ears, yet there was a work done upon them, and had it been intended to convert, it must have accomplished it T- ject ; but It was not mighty enough for that. There must be oSiions of Z Spirit that men resist. Men have believed and were baptised in \heearrychuch h^ioukv 't^' •' ^"' 'TTf i" '^' «"" °f b'"^^" '^« ^"d in the bonds of unquity. 1 here is a work of the Spirit on the soul that always succeeds • uro- ducing conversion preservation in the faith, and eternal salvalion. This work s called the exceeding greatness of his power tons ward who believe. accorcHng o the working^ of his mighty power, which he wrought in Christ, when he raised mn from the dead. Various are the conjectures of men regarding this ZZt think our free will must be so respected as not to be touchedjor thl we Zst be taken in some good happy mood, when we willingly vield and are converged Some think arguments placing the truth before the mind in clear light are suf- ficient to secure our compliance, so jealous are many about the prerogatives of the soul they would rather have nothing to do with conversion ; than fhat these confines of the mind should be overstepped by the converting Spirit We S he testimony of the Spirit to all the reasoning of philosophy on the subject " IS a mighty jx^wer that can raise the dead; and conversion is wrought by the efficacy of the mig it of his power, and compared with raising the dead to 1 fe This IS an irresistible efficacy of grace. It is the healing of the soul by the G eai Physician. It is the taking possession of us by the Spirit, and keep^ing us by the power of Goa through faith unto salvation. But to suspend rLeneration on our free will, or our good moods, would not be the work of faith with poweT Could the gospel be refused by our free will it would not be the powe o God unto salvation. In this great work our faith does not stand in he wisdom of men, b,.t m the power of God. It is begun with power, carried on whh powef and perfected with power. If a thing is done with po^er, free will and^moral suasion are out of the question. Arguments may be used to advantage, motives presented and their force felt, even violence be employed, for the violent take the kingdom by force, but it is a pleasing violence, like th^ smiting that wa an excellent balm ; the cords of love, the bands cf a man ; a drawing that maTes us run after him; this love becomes irresistible, so plea;ant thatlearentn con- strained, but respond willingly, attracted into his blessed ways. How is it that we are not led into temptation but deUvered from evil? By the power of ou own will or the arguments and evidences presented against such a course? By a mightier power of Him than is in us. (ireater is He that is in vn„ .h/n S tnat is ui the world. There is a circumcision made without hands7in'putting off the body of the sins of the flesh, by the circumcision of Christ. This is of the heart and ears. I his is the immediate power of God. Things not made 1!! II ■Mill m 272 DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION. with hands, the renovation of the soul, the human nature of Christ, the house eternal in the heavens, the new Jerusalem, the city that hath foundation whose builder and maker is God. Our failh is the victory that overcometh the world, but Jesus is the author and finisher of our faith, and faith is the gift of God. When we hear of victory it is by the blood of the lamb, the word of our testi- mony ; with the spirit mortifying the deeds of the body, or grace reigning as a monarch through righteousness unto eternal life by Jesus Christ our Lord. When saints triumph over the world, the flesh, the devil, death, hell, they ex- claim with the apostle, thanks be to God that giveth us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ. Our believing persevering to the end, being delivered from the body of death, all are summed up in, I thank God through our Lord Jesus Christ. Augustine draws the contrast between Adam free from sin yet tempted by a seeming good to transgress and a poor sinner full of corruption, but who has obtained a little grace in conversion, but whose whole environments are trials such as Adam knew nothing of, holds out generally against the many temptations, whilst Adam was overcome by one only. These difficulties are removed by one consideration : the mighty power of God works in him and keeps him through faith unto salvation. If man is sold under sin a child of wrath under the spirit that works in the children of disobedience, if there be any real liberty compatible with that state, and freedom till the son makes him free, then we are as deeply interested in knowing and holding the fact as anyone, and facts are not to be objected to. Let us make the most of it for we shall be held accountable for such freedom. We have never denied this liberty, but we have not been able to see that it had a great extent, a wide latitude, or a very lengthy range. We were awarded many prizes in the field of mental and moral science, having consulted many authors, and have been forced to the conclusion that the limits of our freedom are circumscribed Itll the Son makes us free, then are we free indeed. But there must be a method by which the spirit governs the mind, will, and all else included, sweetly, pleasantly, divinely, without overturning by the roots the nature he has given. Surely he can govern his creatures and their actions without violence to their nature. The human na- ture of Christ was always obedient to the Father, fulfilling all righteousness, and if in anything he cannot have his request, there is no rebellion. " Thy will be done." He was most free in the sense we claim freedom for our will. Could the precious promises be fulfilled if there were nat a way of governing all instru- mentalities? Men's souls that will are such, the human nature of Jesus Christ was an instrumentality by which the spirit of God carries out his plans and de- signs. What is freedom or real liberty? Is it when a man does of his own in- clination actions as inferior creatures do ? Or when he does them from choice because reason says they ought to be done? Are they not free because done from choice and with full knowledge and untramnselled choice? We fail to see any conflict here between the maid so acting and the Spirit energizing in us the exceeding greatness of his power, or the might of his power, as wrought in the resurrection of Christ, I'heophilcat and Chrysostom have said, especially the laUer, that it requires a greater power to convert the soul than to raise the dead — a far more wonderful work to persuade it soul to believe in (Jhrisl than to call the dead to life by a word, Those who have the experience of this mighty work in their hearts now can easily persuade iheniselves of what may and can be done in them and foi them hereafter. Should a man still say, I cannot see through such difficultitr.s how can these things br * We can only :ci:::iiu niiu i;!3.v ■src aic Lrca;::iL; :;; -.-.wiii tuitca j;:;;: c ;;crc un cartn ; wc uarc not speak of v/hat we do not know, but only as we draw from the treasury of DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION. 273 Sl^h m-Il',"^'' ^l T'!^ "r"" y*'" ''"'^ *« '^»ke you out and show you the erTkn^doln r'"' «* j'^^"'V^«'^' '" the animal, the vegetable and the mh' fn^Lc r j^' ^? '''°" "^ ^'"^'"'^ ^'^^^ 'hese things grow and that every obTect n these knigdoms of nature lives and moves and has its existence in the C^Stor a 1 LsTron/r'.fr^'i '" ' ''''''■ ''''' ^«"'^' ^^ s^.ppose obse J trees of ^1,^A A ■ \^ liousand or more years to the seedling of last snrine Yo, would admit that u required an amount of power corresponding o the L and ature of each to produce it; you would admit, in the edSfoif of ouf aee that the power supplied in all these years to such a variety couTd be auied^S mir;;r"w^e^l tT "'^rT^'^r- ^"^ T -^^^ -y! thlt'tvoSid'be sho...^coi^;^5^r -poSi-- '^t::^-tX^i ^-^Z If °^ ne: ^:'i:s^i:i^; i^^z""- '-'-^ -' - ^'^ seed^T::irargaT. imrs f hf nowTr 1 ""^ ^i°^J° ""^^ :^abundantly referred to in the Sacred Writ- rntb ■/ f ^ ^ ^^ l^'''^ ^ "'^^ '' '^d 'o t"'-" from error and believe the Zl-od^^t^T^ '"^-^^'^^ °" ''^ ''^^ ^^'^'^d -"^-^- Unite Th e two! ?■ Jd will and the omnipotent power wnich that will exerts in us and vn, ban .stabhshed a strong ground of consolation to the refugees of hope "^Tf The 'o ver tha raised Him " ''"'u""^ ''"' ''"'''^ "^'^^^ ^^'^ °"^ Justification. the r'eserce '^f' A g oryrith^;;;' ^ ior'^H^s r""^ " ^-•'^r^'^-^'"^^ us now? That impliL fLgitSrdelife^r, ce "^VThe^^rrT da^knesT ranslation mto the kingdom of His beloved Son. The q^o^s^ gives fhanks to ain vm hX'' wr'^%"r"^'^ '' '^ P^^'*^^^- ^' SinhSnce of th^ .ain , in light We cannot form a conception of the power thaf raised Chrl.f r^an m d:r'sta,.l thi; T """ *'^" ^'^'^'^^ ^^^^^ '^ wbLhl.Tat' raised ^Z^l 'hT^^ -^y^)-.^;oo hardfoMhe^rrd ;:;itt^5e':o even clittK, lit ? He shall change our vile bodies and fashion them like unto ojeu Lit from f^^^^^^^ T ^''"l'' ^'S°"^" '''S^'"' '^^ ^^e resurrecHon lU fu . ; . I "'- ^^^^^' *° ^" inheritance ncorruptible ,ind undefileH rot nfr'^?^""' away, reserved in heaven for you. To a ^Lp ty the eteTnll uowef anT^roJh'N""'? ^''^'^'^"; '^^^ '^'^^ '^'^'^^" declares the power tne . pe,.;ole, the ineffiible, super excellent, overcoming mieht of Hi-! fied [;'f.;; if ■ f.l'f ""^ '^°"^^^^^'' '^^'r'^"^ ^^-^'Sh the prepafatTof and qS hed to sustuiu .. far more exceeding and an eternal weight of .dorv The gos f! l^'lf"/'^ ''"''' *'"■ '"^^ '" g'^^-' ■ '^'he weakness of CJod is s^^onger th vn e might of he strongest of men. The same word is used of the love of Chrt^ wf isk'rf thirlffi.."' " ^';f '' '? "^'"^-^'"^'^ abundaiK abote aH a1 nL::^w';l:'"J;a.c^'"^^!^L.!:^^'::^!'5'h !^-- ^" (tl- heavenly worlds) by eth. Greatness of might, strength of power, th-s is the Hebrew mode oT dou ling to express great power. What admira ion for God 1st tl^ e ex-^rlfl^^^^^ create in the soul : He has bound himself by His good wm S cmprr/Sr. I ;! Hi 274 DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION. passing all conquering energy of His power to bring us to salvation. All this power is to usward who believe. How moving, how invincible. We are not mere spectators, wc are interested. The prayer of the apostle is that we may know it, as a super-excelling, all-conquering power to usward. Peter has it : I'he Lord is long suffering to usward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance. To us a child is born, to us a son is given. The exceeding greatness of His power to usward is an extraordinary, a most astonishing expression. It implies the utmost exertion or exercise of the per- fections of God for our salvation. It throws a burning light on the awfulness of sin calling for such a remedy the power that worketh in us, and ihe power by which He subdues all things compared, will show that the power working on all believers equals the power put forth in all else in the wide creation. The grace of God to men, the salvation by Christ, and the application of it by the Spirit, form a stage on which all the divine perfections are exhibited to the uttermost. To even wicked men he shows riches of mercy ; but riches has reference to numbers, but to saints the exceeding riches of His grace in His kindness toward us through Christ Jesus. The brightness of the new creation throws the old into the shade, the glory that excellelh makes the other as no glory. The new heavens are so absorbing that the old is forgotten. Every reading of the scrip- tuies gives a new discovery of the beauty of truth that takes the place of former impressions. The Spirit unveils or reveals the facts more clearly to the under- standing. This greater manifestation would seem by its greater brightness to indicate as if it were the first time come upon the mind, but it is only the brighter manifestation covering from view what was less manifest. Speaking after the manner of men, God seems reluctant to punish. What if God, willing to show His wrath and to make His power known, endured with much long- suffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction and that he might make known the riches of His grace on the vessels of mercy which he had before pre- pared unto glory. Judgment is his strange work. He delights in mercy. The grand reason is love. Nothing commands strength like love. Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy strength. He loves with all His strength. I 1 will rejoice over them to do them good with my whole heart and with my whole soul. Moses thus interceded: Let the power of my Lord be great, ac- cording as thou hast spoken ; saying, the Lord is long-suffering and of great mercy ; pardon, I beseech thee, the iniquities of this people, according to the greatness of Thy mercy. Mercy is power. Mercies are multitudinous, riches are arithmetical. Power is (megethos) bulk size immensity. Did a king possess power in himself to conquer all enemies without armies or navies and to rule all men with equity what a power he would be. God is such a power, absolutely irresistable. The Judge of all the earth cannot but do right. Therefore hatb he mercy on whom he will have mercy. Who hath resisted his will? All souls •re his. All need forgiveness and mercy. V/hat encouragement to sinners to seek forgiveness since this mightiest cf .sovereigns has pledged the mightiness of his omnipotent power to bring \nen to glory. When you say forgive our tres- passes what argument do you use ? Thine is the kingdom, the power and the glory. Sovereignty, dominion, strength, honor and glory are his; but of all these he will abundantly pardon, renovate and bring to glory everlasting. If the spirit of Him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you. He that raised up Christ from the dead shall quicken your mortal bodv by His spirit that dwclieth in you. Therefore, wc on whom such favors are bestowed must with the spirit mortify the deeds of the body, that we may live. Salvation must answer to the work that fits lor it. Th( glory of the new heavens must corres- *{' blFFICULTIES OF RELIGION. 275 sion beforelhe oceotics he enr!^,lZf.' ''{^l^: ^}^^''^ .^^e same expres- the power in the resurrertinn of P hrL t^ r • " '^ compared with O, King Agrippa, I was not disobedient to the heavenlv vi.L ,T I' Jesus Christ and G^d the^FaS^r^tred'l.i^nCj Th'^ d^ d '\Zt^, of the words with the foregoing i^ , second reS 'her: •£■ obi « waT,?™' dS;a*n"n't: ',far ::;;:i riiti-.'!!"^- ^.'^fi^-- -- S.^"n™-ernd thetr destrnction, I shall one da/perish by' thTh^trd'of sLrit'lrbe saS It ' ■h (76 DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGIOW. the blessed Spirit IS proA.s^ in these encouragements. The innerman is renewed day by day Afflictions are hght, of short duration, and it is blessed to endure ^e renewed in the Spirit of your mind; in righteousness; put on the new man. You are kept by the power of God, through faith unto salvation. Now if such a i)ower must keep them from falling must not such a power make them believ- ers? It IS easier to preserve life than to raise from the dead. It is worse to reconcile enemies;^ than to keep friends. If Christ died for the ungodly, will He desert the godly? If love led Him to make the sacrifice, and deliver us from bondage, will love fail to reap the fruits? The work becomes easier as we ad- vance, and to add glory is but to give a new degree to grace already given. To fill us with a knowledge ot these things is the aim. ' How little could we know of this power m our own experience, had we not the Scriptures to meditate on and from which to draw our information ? It is perhaps in spiritual life as in na ural or physical. We must reflect that we are sustained by a divine power, but what note do we take of it ? We scarcely observe our natural growth, pay rio attention to health in our normal state, any more than bestow a thought on the free air we inhale, or the pure sunlight which invigorates us. We are so absorbed in other things, we pay little attention to the majestic rivers when they are not in high flood, or to the endless variety and development of vegetation so useful and necessary oyer the landscape. Thankfulness should abound to the Author who has made these records to sustain our spirits in strength and vigor instead of feebleness. Augustine thinks we must thank ourselves if our own will ^d not the divine will is the cause of our conversion. It must be ad- mitted on all sides that whilst we are bound to work out our salvation with fear and trembling ; that it is God that worketh in us, both to will and to do of His good pleasure and that no greater sin than ingratitude can well be imagined. Scripture treats man fairly, where it exhorts him to vigilance in the practice of every virtue in the present and to prepare for the future without arrogating anv- hing in his own merit. To skengthen this most important point, we have but to consider what follows. Tlie power that set Christ at the right hand of the father, far above all thrones and dominion, and every name in the universe Then the raising souls to life from the dead and delivering them from the do- minion of Satan ; and the power of darkness ; and bringing them into the mar- vellous light of His own life. According as His divine power hath given us all things that pertain to life and godliness. Now, ii> setting Christ on His throne He has given Him a kingdom, for He says He has overcome, and is seated with His I'ather on His throne, and the victor shall (says he) sit with me on my throne The king is the head of the nation, Christ is head of the church, consequently the King Anticipating the resurrection ; the Psalmist frequently , refers to Him as the King of Zion, the Ming of Glory. Since the ascension of this King to glory, the church is under the dispensation of the Spirit, who re- covers souls to Christ, one by one, not like an earthquake shock by the tramp of armed hosts precipitated on one another with the confused noise of the war- rior and garment rolled in blood. Regeneration is the baptism of the holy Spirit and spintua. fire. There is no fourth person in the Godhead, and any appeal beyond the Spirits work no second probation in scripture, and no need of a further dispensation to prepare human souls for glory. Several parallel passages confirm all those grand ideas of this power. The force of the reasoning cannot be evaded, hternal life is the gift of God. Conversion is the baptism of the spirit ; and the power of God preserves the believer to eternal life. If it was impossible that death and the grave could hold Christ, it is Jnin.-.csible th"' ='- and Satan can hold a soul ; when the good pleasure of the persons of theTrinky hIPFICULTlES OF RELIGION. ajl gives to this sou a light above the brightness of midday sun, it will burst the barriers and volunteer into the service of Christ and begin the work of its sal- vation 1 he spirit giveth life and life displays itself by activity. If it be said that these strong expressions are oriental figures of speech ; we reply Fire is a figure, but if not put out it may become a conllagration and represents ;jreat destruction-endless sufferings. The furnace that purifies the ptecious metals represents trials and purification. Strong figures indeed, but their meaning is clear their significance great, or they mean nothing. If the preparation for, and the preservation to glory is not accomplished by the powerof God,by what is it done? The words are inspired by the Holy Spirit, who knows what to employ ;word.s which the Holy Spirit teacheth. To be the subject of this divine work IS the highest favor conferred on man, and it works agreeably to our con- stitution given us by the Creator. The difficulties of Christianity may be im- mense m Its depths, unfathomable, but can anything take its place ? To what shall we turn? Has this religion the words of eternal life? Then bless your God from the depth of your soul that He has given it, and in it, explained with satisfactory clearness, what would otherwise be inexplicable In the whole system of the Christian religion there is no doctrine to some minds so full of difficulty to comprehend as that of ounishment, and that such punishment should be eternal and before appointed and predetermined The enemies of Chris^tiamty place it in clear and well known expressions, "that God created men to damn them," and persist in maintaining that Christians believe and teach such a doctrine. The same parties hold that safety from punishment and preparation for felicity depend on our own choice. The strange thine is that so few make the choice. We have not met with such characters nor have we found them in history. They do make such a choice, but not of them elves, r^ "^r^J^ '^?'^ ^"^^ '"°''^'^ ^"^^"^ '° •'- ^^'^^ as Saul of Tarsus or John Bunyan of Bedford ; others like Jeremiah or John the Baptiste, Nathaniel and others in every stage and stale between these extremelies. Hence churches, schools of learning missions, and a world of outlay of wealth, labor and patience as out- ward efforts additional to all divine labors to move towards this accomplishment. Why ah this ifa wish can save us ? What sect in Christendom that is not put- ting forth effort? Does not this universality of effort imply a divine work as its basis . God works in us and we respond or we oppose, and the disease is mental or moral, not i)hysical. Some reason thus : " After one has formed habits of sin he IS not responsible. " How would one of our judges treat a criminal who had accustomed himself to quarrelling with men till he could not keep his hands from shedding b ood? Would he say the more he was addicted to crimes the less responsible he became to society? Is a man not responsible when he cannot cease from sin? Men will not come to be saved nor receive the love of truth nor inchne their hearts to wisdom. They oppose the express will of God as to repentance or faith, or sanctification. Man have nothing to do with the secret will of God, but with His commands. He has connected obedience with salva- tion. Let men not sever this connection. It was revealed to Paul that he would reach Rome and appear before Caisar, but he took great pains about the ship, the health of the passengers and the sailors and the landing to fulfil the prediction. What calamities God suf- fered them to endure with the loss of '.he ship and cargo, and all but the precious lives of the people. He knows how to deliver the godly and punish the wicked. Dr. Campbell charges the God of the Old Testament with inciting Abraham to murder nis son—he wiii charge Hiin in his next ecture with the murder of Christ, because He did not answer His prayer to save Him from that hour. ajH DIFFICULTIES OV RELIGION. i¥ To some minds the tnal of Abraham's faith as ranking with the patience of lob .s an event the most sublime in the ancient world. The author of that faU knew what .t could endure and for others benefit, as well as that of Ab aham and Isaac, he tried ,t and stayed his hand when ra.sed to make the aft actTf the sacnhce. It tells to all ages of the world that the Godof thcOld Testamen would do m the fulness of time, even for men a little more profane than the learned pro .ssor. He would probably say all thes. things were done b? he Dev.l, but did t... latter not ask permission from God before he da^ed stir up the enemies of Job, .r of Christ to carry out the counsel of God. Talents o very respectable should not be wasted beating the air in promulgating doctrnes nobody can believe and attacking the strongholds of truth, when he m°gh as ve I attack the sublimet.es of the firmament His mind was perhaps,^! bal last, in his wide wanderings through the waste howling wilderness otHitUte wrath for their sins to the praise of his glorious justice." (W. C F )-" foreor darned them to dishonor and wrath to be for their sin inflicted to the praise of the glory of his justice " (L. C.) This is very different from " creating men to damnation" or compelhng them to sin and delighting in their destruction The more criminal the culprit the more deserving of punishment. If to punish ill desert is not unjust, ic cannot be unjust to determine to punish or predetermine to punish Nations legislate to punish individuals for crimes and^he perTons may not be born for ages after, and no one object, to the law as sinful or hs execution as unjust The liability to punish is in the breach of the law.' The wfv of "iL'' Ti^'" ^''n'^'^'y °^ '^'' ''"• ^' '^y^ "'^ physical disability in the way ot the offender I hat it is ignorant of the transgressor in advance does not in any wise interfere with the conditions of things^ This applies in the destiny of the dregs of humanity to the rewards of their evil deeds. Benhadded the Syrian, with thirty-two confederates, kings, marauders and plunderers? were wantonly attacking Israel. Ahab, after a very decisive victory, made a lergue h.' let'^n' . T.l^T ":i"^ ''^'K ^^^' P^°Ph^' ^^"^ him, forasmuch as S fori tl v^Hf^ 1 ° /hy hand a man whom I appointed to utter destruction, there- fore thy life shall go for his life, and thy people for his people. That wicked nn^fnti'.'P''"'? fr'^T"'' ""^ ^[V""^ goodness, to have attached him to virtue and obedience, but headstrong adherence to idolatry works ruin. The Syrian kmg commanded his captains to fight only with Ahab, the man that had showed him mercy. Ahab would in spite of warnings overthrow the predictions fight mdisgu.se and leave the king of Judan to be the victim ; or lave iriife by Ignominious fight. The stone from the sling makes a dent i^ the giant's tomples, Pharaoh will follow into the sea if it should be his destruction. Who hath hardened himself against God and prospered? Multitudes take no interest in truth, despise all warnings and rush headlong to destruction. Saul seems the only one in the company saved on the way to Damascus ; though the light shone gloriously to the eyes of all, Hazael brings a soothing message to the^ot Ben hadded and the next day suffocates the man capable of recovery. How quickly tIZ? 7'"'^ '" r '™"-- ^' '^^ ^''■'''^"^ ^ ^°g ^hat he should do this grea^ thing? Yes, dog, lion, tiger, if need be, to secure a crown or dominion A kingdom, even a vineyard a Herodias, one wedge of gold, will j.rove fatal, and men prepare themselves for destruction, whilst God prepares the vessels of f^\ "'■ 'Vu "•■" =\" '■ , "r" -"^^^^"^^ ^ficiij. I ncrc IS a strong disposition in men to turn their thoughts from the tiansgressors to find fault w ith the punishment DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION. 379 not the sin. Even reverend and learned doctors have engaged all their resources of reason and logic to prove that Esau and Judas Iscariot will be saved. Could thy establish this point they would end all controversy and all further effort in religion; for if Judas is not in perdition there is no danger of any one and no perdition to avoid, no distinction between virtue and vice. Dr. Adam Clarke established that all knowledge with God is present knowledge. Archbishoj) Tilotson poured oceans of contempt on the idea and asked how it explained things ? But with the leave of the archbishop we think the Dr. the more philo- sophical. For if eternity is present with the great I Am then what was, and is, and is to come are all before him, and if it is just to punish them it is just to determine to do it, or as we say of the past in predetermining to do it. The difficulty disappears. The present knowledge of present events proves their existence, as the foreknowledge of things proves their future existence or the knowledge of things past that they existed. Their existence, however, depends not on the knowledge of them, but on the power that jToduces them; but it is positive procf that there is nothing accidental or contingent with God. It proves, moreover, that there i'^ no, injustice in the punishment of men, who before God, are not only sinners , but like Ahab and others remain impenitent, obstinate and determinate in the face of all warnings, threatenings, mercies and favors. The remedy for sinners is returning to God at his invitation and repent and believe the gospel, and do works ment for repentance. Why do sinners persist in their transgressions ? Why delight in provoking the most merciful God. to cause his indignation to burn like tire against them, when they might break off their sins by repentance and obtain mercy ? Why fill up their lives with practicing all manner of rebellion, and then find fault with that righteous government that will bring every word into judg- ment, should sinners prefer to have God again.st them than on their side ; and 10 continue to fill up the measure of their sins, till wrath shall come upon them to th« uttermo.st? Acquaint thyself now with God and be at peace. Science in our day is proud and hauty, flinging up its heels against Scrip- ture and declaring itself wise above what is written. If science were well es- tablished or had an immovable foundaiion, its claims would be less pretentious and more admissible, but the ascertained facts are few and easily reckoned. Its theories are legion, and young men are carried away with the lofty and elo- quent speculations of learned writers without waiting to weigh or measure, or perhaps bringing with them the capacities to discriminate in the case. As- tronomy since the days of CoiJernecies, Kepler and especially Newton is among the best established branches of science, and except Newton's principle of gravitation it professes only to be out on the highway or the hilltops of discov- ery. Medical science is kindly feeling its way to relieve human suffering, hav- ing done much yet confessing itself fiice to face with inaccessible mountains or arrested by chasms and gorges, over which it can yet throw no bridge on which to cross to the other side. Geology having shifted its foundations so often within half a century cannot lay much claim to science ni.ich less tell how things were created or what creation is, whether done in the analytic or synthetic process. Yet the pride of our human depravity is such thai the sciolists sit in judgment on Revelation, instead of admitting that they themselves are the criminals not the judges. Agnostics glory in their shame, they ought fo. and they do know better. Men of sense admit gladly every fact established by honest investigation and careful experiment, conceding all legitimate claims of hu.nian authority whilst deeply deploring the self-sufliciencv that sets aside without cere mony the highest authority. They admit grudgingly that the Word of God is ' if I il IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 5< k{0 <' t/j i:o I.I 11.25 IIP __ in 1^ 2.3 6" 1^ 2.0 1.8 LA. 111.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation <^ ,\ «:%^ \\ ^ ^v '^.. <> r\^ «* 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.v. MSBO (716) 872-4503 4^ ^ \ 28o DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION. contained in the Scriptures but hesitate to take the Scriptures as the Revelation fK. A. n c • ' . Prophet.s, and J'salms, as the " Holv Scrinturps "3 neu tosf N^Jw on?'''7J"^ '^ '''''' " '^ ^'^^^ ^^ In.piratil'nof S'od "Tf 'VrrS' °"'' 'T'"^ '"PP°^^ ^'^-^ fo be siifficient : but Peter tells that t£. as'Zy v^eTovrb°/the S '/pi^t^ ^'"p^^ 71^' '" '°J^ -^0^0^^ tK^i and i:::^^ts-the/£i^ns^StSn^ creature amorg insects that when it looses its s^ing dies. It may L mTrtifv na >r as we say, the KroofV - T-"-",— "/."'^ "wiua ui me original, Hebrew and G breathed mto the writers from God, not merely the thoughts sent,^ents and id^ as, but the words. He shall teU thee ^vo;ds wh;'r;b;"thou Sufmo're so'' '^'" ^' '''''^- ■ 1^°^-^'^ ^^^ ^' ^^"^^ the clothing oothougMs t^ ' intemion CoVh^^ • '"'"^ ''''^°-'' •'""^""^^' '^' ^^^ '« ^^e embodimS of The ?hu ch th: wLr f °"h of philosophy, the most refined hJJnan inge u tT,' Th s rS'e'so'r"'" ' H^'ir '^ ^"^>^ '^""^'"^ '^- children ?n to bondage mnrh .-n^f KM- ^""'^^^••"ed about by every wind of doctrine soon produce much instabih y m others and under the notion of originality Droduce '' or^Jin .^ nothings. These men make difficulties in religion Ketone exL call on question the best established facts, throw their lightweigh in cThe sTal'e ofmen of corrupt minds, who handle the Word of God deceitfully and make mercZ di.se of their hearers. Many men of wealth dabble in science anTmaket the rage, when most of their lucubrations are only scie.K.c falselj so caUed Then It has become very meritorious to push out large volumntif endeavors to re SLrSJock'Tr fu' I'', f'' ''P'- ■^'^^•'--' hS Millaf'and irruiessor Hitchcock. Ihe estabhshed facts of sc ence are not cannnf h^ in conflict with Scripture and need no reconciliation ; whiirmost peorlm ,d^^ mit the imDossihiliti/ of hai-m^.,;,;^,^ ...u-.. ' . \'y^^^ pcupic wiu aa- , ,. _- ii„..r,.,„.r„„^ „„^^^ .j^. ^^^^ ^^^^^ _j.^ scnplural truths. DirFICULTIES OF RELIGION. tSx Perhaps the most rational idea that we can form of the Supreme Beine the Living God> IS that the past and the future are witl. him as is the prelr^^f it IS even comprehensible by our finite rational minds. We br ng up^the pas in memory and recollection, but to the infinite mind all is clear tandin/befo 2 Him from eteru.ty. We take in the future periods by projecting our tLuS' forward and anticipating times and events fmm our exp^eriince of ^h^ past b^t s ?ne dl; TeV th^'''!^"" '"t ^'-^ '' V.^°"^^"^ y^^-' '^^ - thousand ;ea« as one day. Then this idea is the most philosophical, it being infinite in everv ZfTfr'^''''''r'^''^ ^^' °"^ •"^'"^^y- ^severyihingL^open before S and the future as the present, comprehended in His infinite wisdom as weuS His eternal existence. The past, presei^ and future are onirrpplicS ?o rlrfnn.1 ^''"/ f ,° ^l^ * .^^^'""^"^ ^"^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^om have an end^^Thl del rational and ph.losphical, is the scriptural notion we have of God He knows ent exisiice'°H."l'°^^ '^^^^^ ^^^L^^^ ^^^'"^d ^^^-' ^^ -^" a« in their p^' tnH,! ^ r ^^ accommodates His revelation c' Himself to us according creltureT The n?e'f ^" t' ''"^"^^^u ^'^^" "^ '" °"^ constitution as ratS creatures. The use of such terms might not be necessary to spirits or disem as°t moiient ^ulTZ '''' ^ ^'^^'-'r ^ ^!?- ^ ^ watc^hTthe^nightT; as a moment. He is the same yesterday, to-dav and forever I am f« H;« memorial to all generations. Before Abraham was I am. This' eminently cor rect Idea kept before the mind will relieve it from any dtfficui y aTinf out of our crude notions of God's dealing with men in afflictiL dispeisaS fhastise- t^e cie^sTn t?esS "?. ''' '^'^ "'"^ "^ "^"''^ '" ^^"^ '^-^^ knowledge of ,?Lki '" "l^fs^'O"- It may also quiet our minds on what is so ereat a vnS^t^A H '°''' '° \°™' "°' ""y ^'^^'- °^ P^^-^""d thinkers about d^ine pur S.e f Uowshb oTthe r " T T^'^'^'i ""J"' °^ P^^"^^ '^ -" men noHo w k! 7 • r*^ ,^ ^°.'P^'' ^""^ "°'t^ them to Christ in this calling. We ha've not heard of any plea of injustice set up against the conversionof many souls in ministrations of the Gospel, whilst all are not converted. It will not be con sidered unjnst to punish wicked men in the judgment for unrep^nted s ns Nor" can ,t be unjust to so determine beforehand humanly speaking^ ''Known unto God are all His works from the foundation of the world. " The nfrXli™- ts of our knowledge and the employment of language suiied to ourTapaS Ind" t"f°\^' Reflection on the nature and actioSs of the Diety The 0^ fn tv th ."''k''"" TPP"^ "P '" '^' P^«««"t with Him, it is nol unscien^ffic o say that an hour and ten thousand years are the same to Him, that Hmit and' succession have no place or application to Him. The Christian has no nlr^el hi hvT' "' '*,5-r '^»«hes truth, he only objects to the falades hnposed ?n , W. ? '^%Ti^ he scientist. The word infinite must be applied to everv perfection of the Supreme Creator, Ruler and possessor of the universe els- we could suppose a being infinite in every attribute, and that being must be\n created one wno inhabits eternity, who can learn nothing from any crea ure He has produced and cannot be over reached by anyone nor deceivS bv annt-^r ance hke those .^■Uo see through a glass darkly and are but of veste^rday^'nd' drffi:^,rH. "^- ^^ ■« ;."fi"/tely wise in counsel and excellent in working^ ot d fiiculties regarding H.s plans and their execution arise from our limited ac qimintance with Him. our too contracted notions of His perfectionTnd our infla ted and exorbitant ideas of ourselves, our fancied powerfand rights And wha have we that we did not receive ? Our knowledge and the language fhat exhibits u to others are all given us, lent us by Him if whom are hid ! II th. treasures of wi^rlnm an^ i.r,^..,i»^.,. -ru. __,-*. "/^jn^wnom are hid all the frt r^^A K., I,, i^L ■ ~" '"'^"r -■ 1 nc uii.) .v.nicay ror a siuner is a return to God by Jesus Christ, a carel !, diligent investigation, a profound search aia DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION. Of the Revelation of God to man, the Holy Writings of the Old and New Testa- ment, every word of which is God-inspired and necessary to the new life of the man who lives not by bread alone but by every word that procedeth out of the Z^r.Ju\ "' ,"°^ i'^ ^° '^^""^ ^°<^ '^"^ t° govern, but as children learn of Him who is msek and constitutes Himself our teacher and guide, and we shall find rest for our weary laboring souls, transformation into the image of His Son be made|partakers of the Divine nature and bear the image of the Heavenly and woar a crown and eternal weight of glory. This crown of glory is not placed carelessly on the heads of men as a mere gratuity, nor yet given as a reward of their own unaided labors. The invitation IS given to lost men to believe in Christ as the only begotten eternal Son of God. They comply, receive Christ, who dwells by faith in their hearts and at once they begin to bear much fruit. This is their Father's will. This is carry- ing out the father's design, conformity to the image of His Son. The word of truth which they receive is the instrument. The invisible Spirit of God is the efficacious originator and iiuernal worker in this human temple, presenting the attractions of ( hrist and the salvation He offers or brings with Him into the heart and soul, showing the hatefulness of sin as enmity against God. the ne- cessity of spurning and avoiding it on the one hand and of preparing for giory, honor and eternal hfe on the other. Does his faith grow, his love bum with a vehement flame, his hope heave and cast its anchor in heaven, his humility deepen and extend in view of his deliverance from sins so agrivated, his love expand in length, breadth, depth and neight, corresponding in some measure to that love which creates it, his zeal for the conversion of sinners increase and grow, his pnnciples take a deeper root within his soul, his readiness to show mercy with cheerfulness unfold itself, these and the like graces prove that his calling and election is being made sure, that he is now chosen to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the Truth. He has no disposi- tion o p^iabohse or allegorise the Words of God on the narrative of the creation and the unhappy fall of man, like the pretending scholars of the Old Testament, the Workmans and the Sampsons, to whose double thrones the Old Testament wil not bow Where were these wits when the foundations of the earth were laid ? The believer cannot leave the Word of God, and entertain the fables of wordly wise interpreters like these modern pritics. If the framing of the world by the Word of God is allegorical so is the ark and the deluge, so is Abrahams departure from Misopotamia and sojourn in Canaan, so is the story of Joseph, the burning bu.sh, the passage of the Red Sea, the desert wanderings, subjugation of Palestine, the Temple, the Captivities ; all written net for ou^ onTi"^K . f x°."5 entertainment, like the Arabian Knights, Robison Cruso, and the heart of Midsothian. O bewildered scholars ! Has your much learning niade you mad? Is it wonderful that there are few conversions, that the mo.st earnest preachers of truth cry over their little success, and raise their wail over the burned stones, dust and rubbish of Zion ! Howl O gate cry ^••ty- Enter into the rock, hide thee in the dust for the fear of the Lord.' Ye profound thinkers ye great scholars wading for half a century up to the ears Snf, ,!!'•! I r '^^ ""^^'T ^'oq^ent theories and witty allegorical inventions, how would .t do for ycii to leave for a while your fancies and return to the path of common sense, and believe with Paul that the world was framed by the V\ord of God, or wiui John that all things were made by Him, that by Him all things consist, that the woman being deceived was in the transgression. But what do these statements of an infallible interpretation signify to the authority ol trie aliptrnnr,!] oreD*'lena*"n «'^'" "rffpr »•"• -••'•' ■■'•- -*•.' • .•/- . •. ■ ■' ^ gci.-ic-i._.: j-rcic^r i:it, rtiuiiuiuy VI uic sciciuinc pnuosopnev • DirPlCULTlES Of RELIGIOI*. ,§, ^o the anthority of God. So deferential are they to the men of knowledge that w^rf / u"^^ '■"''? l*>^"™ "^' ^ thought. By what au^.hority does Dr. Workman and others speak for the scholars of the Old Testament? Ha^ I)r Green given up the histOMal for the allegorical in Genuses ? Has the Presby- terian church i America or the Briush Isles, or the Reformed church of France, the Christians of Swi- erland, the Waldensean or the churches in Australia, or anywhere given up the historical account of the creation or the fall ? An occa- sional comet may flash out among the fixed stars, but his flight has been so rapid and his career so brief that his phosphoascense is soon buried in th'- ob- livion, and his name forgotten vhilst the few that were dazzled bv his sudden appearance and collapse, soon recover themselves, and the church'continues in hei womed orbit without an eclipse. When th- sacred writers allegorise or parabohse they let you know, but Moses gives you not a hint of either, and ^rj .r°'''' •''"""'f '^^ ^'""'^^ ^ '"*" ^° pl^geme, or merely edit, colkct or redact the writings of predecessors without a sign of credit given them or a mention of their names or works. He gives the words of Balaam Balack. and ^v^^ir^-^l' more honorably but yon cannot discover from him any author except The Lord spake unto Moses." If he begins his history of the creation without nrst proving the Being of God, he does not fail to mukiply the proofs as he proceeds. CreaUon proves a Create- The orderly government of the d;?,l7m-n 7lu ^ aP^ftinances thereof, u.nply prove a providence that before deiefmined the times and the seasons and set the bounds of all our habitations The invisible things of Him, His Eternal Power and Godhead are clearly seen from the creation of the world. They are understood by the things that are made, inferred from them, 30 that sceptics are without excuse. Jesus Christ fv^ f^ th?Jeast encouragement to doubting, chided the disciples for it ^^Z ? i^'i '"i"" ^°^^V ^''"^- '^' P^^^^fe'^ °f ^he Red Sea is opened and the way to the Jorden and the very heart of Canaan laid open, is it not sinful aJ^!^\1 '" our hearts go back into Egypt ? If a professed scholar sets at 3o K? ! 1 ^"^^TJ" ^ ^""Z ?^^^.™^^ evidences at his disposal, and publishes his doubts to the world and aids in multiplying sceptics and infidels, he is surely not tor but against Christ, places himself outside the Gibraltar of Christianity and joins his forces, be they ever so few and feeble, to the armies that assail the church of Christ. It is the manifest duty of every scholar to cultivate faith and give his doubts to the winds Everyone calling himself a Christian should urn away his ears and eyes from these wandering stars, of whatever magnitude they may be, lest they involve him in the blackness of darkness for ever and apply the words of the disciples to the Jewish rulers in this case : whether it be right to hearken unto these honest doubters more than unto God, judge ye If there be anything in the Scriptures not the Word of God, it is necessary to complete the narative, consequently it comes under the rule of Scripture the engrafted word which is able to save the soul. If words saved the people at the meeting m the house of Cornelius, then every word of God is good and in- spired, and essential to the nourishmeni of the soul in every feature of its spirit- ual life. Every creature of God is good and nothing to be refused if it' be re- ceived with thanks given, for it is sanctified by the word of God and prayer Is It hatred of God a preconceived dislike- to his word that arms so many who would like to be thought honest scholars and fair minded men to raise objec- tions, invent and contrive difficulties when they know how hard it is for the many to overcome themselves and keep the faith when the roaring lion seeks their overthrow ? n hy not seek the hidden wisdom f.rd^inpd »-f,^.« .k. ."..„.,:, 10 me glory oi believers? True, men may not agree in the interpretation, bu^ 3^4 Difficulties of religion. on he Tank and hie of 1^.^"'^''' ^^''\"'?"''^^^ 1'"^^"^^^ '^^ '^^'^ scholars is ?i?/m k j'tu \^'^^ '''^"'''''' '"'■"'"g iheir minds to controversy when thev ^beS UM^^^^^ the study of trut. on which no doubt shouW ever De cast. Let them prove their speculations. The remuarts of truih win th ha'bfo Se v' ttre"""' T^ '"''''' "'^^^' J^"" ^'"-- ^"' -def to ac,.d Ijlifs dutks Ch U^Ln-^^ "^'" ^^ "^' '^^ d^^''^' performance of an Its duties. Christ amly vj largely a system of teaching. Its author places the ,n ellectual trainmg largely before the emotional. Everyone knows how estncted is the period m which attention can be given to these things andTf .hat IS neglected or suffered to pass unimproved, how shall we es apf To is It locks sir against the Holy Spirit, to set minds Adrift from The pu're truth He seeks to impress on them, turning away their ears from the tru.h to fable No amount of popularity, or the praise of men, can possibly compensate for the se^ inflicted injury done himself in the dishonesty, guilt, villiany,in tortur L m srenre senung, hiding the meaning of truth as if if 'vfere falsehood Can Tety sancti'- nSS'LfisTuntv'a rh^"'"' '^^ "^' '^^^^'^^ ^'^ ^-'y ' I'he ^^'an who ^rotslrd^et^^^a^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^ ^^ -' ^ ^^^^^ ^11^^^ fp- The love of these sins cannot accord with the love of Christ in the soul The love of money is the root of all evil, which while some coveted after thev have erred concerning the faith and pierced themselves t^ourh with many sor^ rows. This love is so ardent in the rich men of our day as to bum oiU ah con victions of wrongdoing, and sear their consciences into a c ndcr Eve v wLked- ne s IS employed to make wealth. Then when it is rotting in banks fhl give only to a certain extent interest and very low on deposits, half what they chf le the borrower, these money men will lend at a ruinous per centage if they cin or on security three or four times the value, or as the appraiser is^generany in their interest after a deposit is extorted from the borrower a valuatfon is made so low that he is swindled out of what he put up and the money canlerT on What resemblance have these slaves of mammon to Christ Xfare .y bui the most virulent cancers consuming their own species, that are hke th. ient^k prostrate under the wheels of their idols' cars. Are these wea hy sllves hanpy Can their covenant with death save them from His syth ? Or fheiragreei en with hell save them from Us blue blazes and brim.,tone burnings ? The trusts of oils, sugar, woollen cotton and coal and insurances with every other combi e are the white rots of humanity in these degenerate days, and yet the clergy pro- trh^Lt^pard-: itself '' ' ^' ^'''' ^" ''' ^-^''^ °^ ^- milleniZorL We have mentioned Daniel holding out the idea of repentance to the idola- trous Belshazzer, and showing mercy to the poor, if it maV be a lengthening of Cod i?';?)! .1'^^ Y',*^ KT K ^"'^°" ^^^S"^' ^'^P^"^ of thy wickednefs anTpray God If the thoughts of thy heart may be forgiven thee. We say by the author- ity that commands repentance and remission of sins to be preached in His name o all nations, beginning at Jerusalem, to all these enormous robbers of tie poor in their lowering wages and extortionate prices repent and make r.stUufion Wha will your hundreds of millions do for you as impenitents in 'he abys to which you are driving with bicycle speed and recklessness. Others as mad n heir fove • Uhe world as you repented. Zacheus gave half his goods to feed the poor and made a declaration unknown in the mouth of a -nv^^nn" 1^1 l)lFriCULTlKS Of KKMGION. 285 chant, so that it is certain he repented and was accepted, but the extortioners of our day can gain by his experience only when they follow his example, which is very doubtful, but which we earnestly exhort thein to do, as their eternal des- tinies noay be suspended on their immediate actions. The Mediator was sent to bless such as you are by turning every one of you away from your iniquities. Turn, gentlemen, at these reproofs and on the foundation such promises afford and escape from the wrath to come. It was better for Saul of Jarsus, it was better for John Bunyan, it was better for humanity in all after ages that they repented and gave the ages a sample or more of how the chief of sinnsrs can be savt d. 'I'hen there is one grand statement for the encouragement of such Jerusalem sinners as we treat of and there is an efficiency about it almost start- ling only ref^uiripg the sinner's submission for its accomplishment and perfection. It is perhaps the lengthiest Greek word in the New Testament. We render it '* that He might gather together in one " seven Saxon words contained in the one, and it not fully translated. The reader will excuse my giving the original word in English letters (Anakephalaiosasthai), the literal ren ering would be " that He might again gather together in One Head all things in Christ, both which are in heaven and which are on earth even in Him. " The gatherer as evidently the Father by His Holy Spirit, employing what subordinate means He may see good and fit. The power must be the most unquestionable, the means the most unobjectionable, as the results always prove incontestably. The one Head is the Omnipotent Saviour, and the again implies at first a oneness, then a sad break up and scattering necessitating this second gathering. The parties gathered are the unfallen angels in their confirmation in alliegence to their King and Head. These are the things in heaven and the fallen sons of men redeemed by the precious blood of the Son of God, their Redeemer and Saviour, shed for the remission of their sins. The angels were faUible if not gathered under their King then they cannot fall, Adam and Eve were fallible and did fall, so did some of the angels, who are reserved in everlasting chains under darkness till the judgment of the great day. Angels are gathered, con- firmed, under Christ their King in the empire of heaven above, men fallen are gathered again into the service of their King from the colony of earth. But there is no gathering again from the abyss of darkness, no redemption thence. This is the grand encouragement for sinners of the darkest, deepest, deadliest hue who will not stubbornly resist divine grace to be drawn in and associated in this divine gathering. They were scattered by the fall and its fatal conse- quences from the true worship observed by the loyal angels and by our first parents at the origm of our race, and God's mode of uniting them again is this regathering in His Son even in Him. He that gathereth not with Christ, scat- terelh abroad for ever. Will men so love the perishing things of this life as to sign and seal their eternal condemnation. The Redeemer shed tears over such lost souls as these that reserved their own for the place of weeping and wailing. Will the millions and millionaires and the wretched poor that are as great money lovers though they cannot get it, cast themselves away as (the dross of silver) reprobates, who no man cares for, not even themselves, conjuring up difficulties in religion where none exist, except those wholly of their own making, when heaven's gates are not shut day or night till Ly their own hands these sinners bar them against themselves and judge themselves unworthy of eternal life? To the sincere Christian, whether he hold the place of leader or follower, teacher or learner, who addresses himself earnestly to the work of acquainting himself with God and cultivating true devotion, there is the greatest of all pos- _jui- - ._..__ ___-_„»._ 'T'-i_- '■I-,-- -- -— ;— .r'^. -i^ — i Wnura (Chflsi; yc aisO 3S6 DIKPICULTIES OF REUOION. trusted after tha yc heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation ; in whom also after that ye beheved, ye were sealed with that Holy Spirit of pro m.se wh.ch B the earnest of our inheritance until the redemptioi of the pur- f^Ti ''°''^\''°"' r'^ the praise of His glory. » In ( ihrist, united to Him by a^ h that worketh by love the believer is freed from the danger of condemna^ t.on, he IS a new creature, he .s a k.ng and a priest to (lod, justiP.ed, pardoned and accei.ted wan h,s heart and spirit renewed, he is to oppose and conquer Wrr^ ^7? °!^;'" .ndwelhng and foreign, to fill his soul as aTreasury with \he tl ffi^h f r '/'°7'' L^' '■"1^" °'"'^" K""^^^ «f ^^°^ within his heart, live by he faith of the Son of t.od, and cultivate pure, tender, kindly affectiok to a» the samts, rule his own sp.nt as well as his household, ever to speak truth with h s fellow man, practice moderation, justice and te.nperance alwavs ; but can r^n w '.>T, .1*" f f'\ ^"' ^T S*"^"' ^'^'■^"gh Christ strengthening him, he n!n Th nn ""'^ ^u'^ 'T^ his strength, mount up with Sings as eagles, r ..? nnH n""'""^' "^^"t^"?."^' »^'"'- The promises of the gospel, exceeding great and precous, make him partaker of the divine nature, his adoption into Uie femily of God makes h.m of the seed royal and blood royal of heaven, each Chnstian resembles the child of a king,; old things are passed away, all things are become new, heart, spint, conduct, character and life. His belief of the ll^f: Pf^K"^"5,^"|^/ :fO':Id of knowledge about God and Christ to know which Lh nn^r^'K K f ^"" o^t of h,s corrupt state of nature from darkness to ight, opened his blind eyes and healed them, that they see the light and he be- lieves m this light, is no longer of the night or of darkness, then he is vigilent, walking circumspectly m wisdom, redeeming the time that the adversary ma; not get an advantage. It may be asked, Is he always conquero- ? Alas, he is often fooled, but never suspends hostilities, never treats with the enemy, but as a conqueror, and sometimes rises to be more than conqueror through Him that hlfl r ^ ^''''T °u •''^ ''^"'^ °^ ^'■*"g^' ^« ^'^ told often confessed that they learned more by their own blunders than otherwise. The Christian learns caution, patience, experience and hope, his penitence is real, and he s reng hens the weak parts, but his source of true knowledge is the word of truth, the gospel of his salvation. Alexander's high birth kept him out of the Olympic games un ess kings were his competitors. The Christian's high birth keeps h.m from all mean, sinful things. He cannot, he is unable to make up his mind to sin deliberately as woridlings do. because he is born of God He IS m daily communications with God, who speaks to him in His Word and hears and records his prayers. Enock walked with God. Yes, in that age that Sav- ants in their Ignorance and blunderings call barbarous. By the new covenant ThfrK^'r 5"'^ ^"^^^ is opened for the flowing forth of gifts and favors. I he Christian dispensation is by way of eminence, the dispensatiqn of the Spirit, which implies much more than even the Christian can be aware of in this lim^ited confined condition, largely enlightened as it undoubtedly is, for he is only at school here, cultivating his powers to reach their manhood. Now the aid of Him in whom We live and move and have our being is so graciously given to ^^7.k"/u r? "^ ^/' ^^^""' ^^^^ ^^'^' ™^" '^e"e^« '" Christ they a?e sealed with that Holy Spirit of promise, who is the earnest of our inheritance until the redeniption of the purchased possession to the praise of His glory. The new born babe must be nourishhd, and the sincere milk of the word is given him that he may grow thereby. First life, then growth. The Holy Spirit is the author of this life growth and health. The worldings receive him not, because W ' b^Tk ,'• ^"'^ ^f '^ '°u^ °"iy ^' '^'''^' '^^t ^'^ ««^"' temporal and perish- ing. But bchevers know him for he dwelleth with them and in th*.m th^r^ DIPriCULTlES or RELIGION* 287 bodies are his temples, guiding them into all truth, influencing their prayers and all their good works. In the above (piotation the Holy Spirit is called a seal and an earnest a double security to the believer. The seal binds in the coven- ant. No man may reverse the writing in the name and sfjaled with the ring of the Persian king, how much surer this writing of the Lord and the human soul in covenant. The Greek in purchasing from the Persian the fine fabricks in merchaniile dealing, gave a piece of gold as an earnest which confirmed the contract, this the Persian kept till the remainder was paid and the Greek who returned not to fulfil the contract, lost the earnest. In this case the earnest makes the inheritance sure, the earnest is never lost. The word Holy generally comes before the Spirit, which is not always applied in the use of Father and Son, not because there is any distinction but because it is the work of the Spirit to make us holy. Then he is called the spirit of promise for two reasons, he is the promised spirit of the New Covenant, as the Holy Child Jesus was the pro- mise of thd Old Testament. As the desire of all nations, the expectation of his . people, the fulfilment of prophecies and promises, Christ came. The disciples were commanded to tarry at Jerusalem till they were endued with power from on high to wait for the promise which they had from Christ, they waited, and the fiftieth day, the first day of the week Penticost, the promise was fulfilled,the Spirit came, they were furnished, endued, endowed for the work and went forth to conquer the world for their risen Lord. Then he is the spirit of promise,btcause he usually, if not always, rais( s the hopes, exalts the mind and more clearly opens up the way of the soul by a promise. Peter bears his infallible testimony here to the power of the promises. Exceeding great and precious by which we are made partakers of the divine nature,having escaped the pollutions in the world through lusts. The word exceeding is the hyperbole so often used in the latter writings of the apostles, an indefinite word expressing an unknown quantity to us, what we cannot measure in the bulk fathom, in depth, nor measure, in lati- tude, or longitude, nor by diameters, immeasurably incomprehensibly great, the excellence of the new economy above the old, the excellence of the Christian above the Jewish dispensation exceed in glory, the voice from the excellent glory, from heaven itself, how well applied to the promises of God, which are yea and amen in Christ Jesus. Are they not worthy of all faith, all trust, all confidence. Canaan was the land of promise, Isaac was by promise, Christ by promise, the Spirit by promise, salvation, eternal life, heaven, all by promise. Should any of ray readers be without Christ, a stranger to the covenant of promise, under the wrath of God and exposed at any moment to the pouring out on him that wrath to the uttermost. What profit can he gain by tne world, or pleasure, or wealth and loose his own soul, fail to obtain eternal life, and be cast away for the ages of ages, into the blackness of darkness, to take part only in the eternal wail of the lost? Think fellow mortal of your danger and be persuaded to escape from it. Will you be satisfied with the excuse that you could not fathom the mys- teries of religion ? That you could not believe in a God or a heaven you never saw is no plea for how much do you believe in that lies in the region of the iri- visible. Your sin is against the living God that has lent you your existence. He opens the door of His kingdom to you and you pass it by and transgress against your own soul, prefer death to life, turn the truth of it into a lie, worship the creature in the face, under the ;^yes of the Creator. You reject the atone- ment made by the Son of God that sacrifice of the sincerest and purest love ever unfolded in the created universe. God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son that whosoever believeth in Him should not perish but il 7 B' r liis; xTiib iiiC, ,-3iivMvii»»ci i i 1.7 i?t^.^v *} » >• f^/iAArr\or r/o^. a88 DIFFICULTIES OF RELIGION. ^ri o .S 1 '.'■''r"'°"'*''^; redeemed, but not with corruptible things as silver and gold h,i with the prec.our, blood of Chri.t-again redeemed us by His blood out of every kindred, and redeemed without money, !,ought back, bought win a price^ Ihese expressions ought to settle all controversies about the Zr%?!ffr. n ^"^ ^'i' ^1^'"' ''^'""'■'"^ ■*'° ofte» to apply that meritorioi:s sacrifice to cover all your dement and the deformity of your fallen guilty spirit. If you are chosen to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth, you can only be saved by believing the truth, and through that truth redeemed, ransomed, then sanctified, and made meet for glory. Would you adopt Gods plan and be. saved? Would you rather, like Cain and thou- sands of his sympathisers reject God's plan and point out a wiser one of ?n^L ^- ^''" y"" ^"^^y ^^''^ Omnipotent God and turn away His indignation agamst you for your sins? If you could escape, is there a corner in the universe where His eye does not penrftrate ? Where is the dark- LTvP«°? Th ''i'^''''^''" which the workers of iniquity may hide them- selves? There is a day coming when the very heavens shall be on fire and ele- ments shall melt with fervent heat, the earth also and the works that are therein shai be burnt up. In view of these dissolving heavens and consuming earth what manner of persons ought men to be in all holy conversation and godliness? lake warning from the destruction and misery of others and f-e from the wrath to come. Lay down your weapofts of war. Rebel no longer. Consider the iinequalled kindness God has shown you all these years, not one act of which you have merited. You cannot conquer the Almighty. You must be overcome and treated precisely as the enemy you have made you-self. I'hinkof it. Christ iias made reconciliation for iniquity and opened the door to you. We oray you m Christ s stead, be ye reconciled to God. Christ by His obedience Has pro- cured an everlasting rightepusness, that is all you need, accept it and begin anew your life s journey heavenward, and He shall present you spotless before His I-athers g ory with exceeding joy. Open your heart now to receive to its overflowing Christ's eternal unfathonable love, turn your feet into that holy narrow path trodden by the feet of ages, openyoui lips to publish the praises o tne once crucihed but risen and exalted Saviour. In that name which is above every name, low your knees before that Reconciled Father, whose eyes are over the righteous and whose ears are open to their prayers, and the Holy spirit will help you. Answers will come. You will view in a new sense and light the ways of Providence, your lame feet will be on straight paths, your crooked limbs made straight and healed, and you will be able to comprehend with all saints the length and breadth, depth and height of the love of Christ which passeth knowledge and be filled with all the fulness of God. Now to Him that IS able to keep you from falling and to present you faultless before the presence of His glory with exceeding joy, to the only wise God and Saviour De dominion for ever and ever Amen. \ \ IS silver by His bought out the itorioi;s y spirit, clief of t truth m, then lid you i thoii- one of ly His here a ; dark- then> nd ele- therein g earth lliness? )m the )nsider which Mconie Christ ly you s pro- begin before ; to its t holy )raises ich is e eyes Holy e and , your ehend IJhrist 3VV to Jcfore iviour \ \