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[It may be necessary to state that the following remarks were written in 'he summer of 1851, before legislative action had been taken upon t,; scheme which so much excited the public mind, commonly called Mr. Howe's plan. They were not then published for fear of the ap- pearance of hostility. As the charge of interference can no longer be made, they are now at the reque5:t of friends, with diffidence submitted to the public] 1 The Qreat object of British North America under the fofltering care of the Imperial Go- VHrnmenI, iippears to be the development of her reaources, thereby to provide employment for a henlthfiil and vigorous emigration of the Htirplus population of Great Britain and Ire- land whu are there burdensome and expensive, and thus with '/reat benetit to herself, to Air- nish a distressed people ivith a prosperous and happy home in British territory. One might reanonably suppose that the ad- vantage!! mutually tn be derived by the Bri- tish Government and thesj Colonies, would almost necessarily lead to the accomplishment in a very short time of so important an object. Providence has bestowed on these Frovin- ctsthn elements of wealth in as boundleii profusion as upon any portion of the Globe. Uur Agriculture, Tisheriei), Navigation, Ship- building, Mbr wliich our iorests supply inex< bau«t'ble materials,) and our mineral resources —all require an immense amount of human libor for their development. None of these Interests will interfere with those of Great Bri- tain, but on the contrary their expansion will diminish British pauperism, and give employ- I'lent to the British agriculturist, no longer able to obtain it at home by the operation of Free Trade. It sef ms only necessary on the present occasion to give a general sketch of what may he supposed to have retarded the increase of our own population and the de- velopment of our resources to the present time, and to suKge. , munificent as it appeals to be on ihe psrt nt Great Britain, will ever be accepted by nil these Colonies without much modification. It may, however, form the basis nf fiituie negociation, but delay, so inuch to be deiire- cated, appear! to be inevitable. The offer of a loan of live millions sterling at an interest of 34 per cent, upon the con*!'- tion* stipulated will not appear in fo britrht a light when submitted to the rmirt calcu- lation nf a Financier The oflVr of the Colonial Secretary contemplates the ;myinent ot the intereitupon iht capital to^etlier with 3 per cent annually, ii liquidntion of the principal and the united Kcurity of these ColonieH, by the eitabliahmfnt of permanent taxeH, until the whole debt and interest shall have been paid. These pprmanent taxes to pay the annunl instalments amounting loupwordsof £400,* 000 currency per annum, will be very dis- tasteful to the Colonies, and place the Britiiili Government and themselves in the invi- dious if not antagonistic position of creditor and debtor to an enormous amount. If ever in these Culonies, liiction should prevail and under (he iufluence of Dema^ Jifuea a morbid desire to start aside from British allegiance should unfortunately gain the ascendancy, the result might be rainous to our character, the temptation to crade the payment of the debt proving possibly too strong. We might be instigated by the advice and with the assistance ol our neighbours to imitate their example ; this would stamp an eternal stigma of repudiation upon the infancy of what must become, with honest dealing and the development of imr resources, an immense empire. Let us coolly examine how much the Bri- tish Uovprnment are prepared to sacrifice for the benefit of these Colonies, leaving out of consideration the prospect afforded ol a happy home for her surplus population, now mai^ - tained in workhouses and poor asylums at an enormous expense. The 3 per cent stocks have for a long time ronusd at about 97. It theretore require* but little calculation to find the value oi ^If per cent stock which may be stated a» follows: — if to procure anannuity or dividend of £3, requires £07— how much will be required to purchase a dividend of £3 10s. The answer must be £113, and a fraction, leaving the handsome bonus of t3 per cent brokerage or profit to the British Go- vernment. But the proposition, although accepted by the Hon. Mr. Unwe not only for this Province but for New Brunswick and the Canadas, oppears likely to encounter many difficulties) the very circumstance of the hasty accep- tance oi the propositior, without consultation with the able Statesmen of our Sister Colonies and almost ign'ring their talents and influ- ence, will probably weaken cordiality of co- operation, it not excite opposition to some import;':'!, details. Mr. Howe should have known or he will know in the process of ttie workj iliat Statesmen represeDling us great interests as hnnseN', will not consent to play the subordinate part assigned them. Should the Le,'jislative bodies of these Co- lonies agree to the proposition and appoint Commissioners to carry the work intoei&ct, their local leelings and desire to promote local interests, and their exertions to obtain too great a share of the power, .patronage, and emjluinents incident to their office may lead to diffieuliies in the expeditious and economical prosecution of the work ; and the wui:t of a great controlling power to appeal to, would Le severely felt, and injuriously retard operations. The proposition that Roy&l Comraiaaioners should be appointed to superintenii the work and expend the mo- .vy so borrowed can hardly be expected to meet the approbation of the borrowers.'-^ Surrounded, therefore, as the scheme accept- ed by Mr. Howe appears to he, with diflicul- ties and dangers, apprehensions may be en- tertained thst much valuable time must elapse before even the commencement of thi» work, BO essential to the inicrrsts of all the colonies of British North America, and it is presumed' of Great Britain also. It may, therefore, be deeiradle that somv plan should be prepored, to fall back upon, should Mr. Howe not succeed in the plan, which he has advocated. Various schemes were brought to the no- tice of the Briiisli Government for the cou' atruction of the Railroad. Amongst the earliest, and perhaps the only one whichr suggested its inrmatien by the British Go- vernment, was one submitted to the Right Honorable Earl Grey, through the leader of our Provincial Government, on the 14th of March, m47, by a person here in private life, but who was desirous of promoting the in- terests of his native country. He requested the present leader of our Government ti> place it in the hands of our Colonial Minis- ter, hoping that that distinguished officer would carry oui the great object, or at least place it before the British Parliament. This was not done and it was never published. — It seems to possess some merit and consider- ation even now, and as few objections a» most of the others. In a work of this immense magnitude and of such vast political importance, it seems that the management can only with safety be entrusted to the Supreme Government^ or at least to the general legislature of these Colonies, after the establishment of a general confederation of their local Governments.— The destiny of these Colonics can never with safety be committed to the charge of a private company, iiowever numerous, weal- thy and loyal, without great restrictions, and conditions, which would paralyze the exertions and perhaps outrage the feelings of many members of the company, but the ownersliip of a belt of twenty miles of land, along the line, would place the gates and keyv of British North America in the hands of tiie Company, who migiit perhaps transfer their rights to foreigner:!) and the copartnership of the three Colonies having distinct and sepa-- rule Gnyerninenls with various interests and political views, might not always act harmo- niously, and should either legislstive member of the copartnership wish to sever the con« iiexion, it might be extremely difficult Xa coerce continued unity of action. Under these impressions the writer of the following sketch submitted his suggestion to Earl Grey, more than 4i years ogo, and aK though much light ha* been thrown upon the subject and much discussion taken place, and more liberal offers made by the local Governments thsn were anticipated by the writer, he thinks his views were substanti- ally cor: ect; at any rate, he thinks it but right to s'jbmithis statement to public consi- deration, subject to any modification which so great a lapse of time and change of nir- cumstances may render expedient. Perhaps, the united prayers of the Legislatures might even now indues the Imperial Parliament ta- eonttruot tha Railrotd npoa rMcitiaff whit the Culonial LegitliturM litre alrrady ngTftd toontribute towards the great object. If it iliould be iuppoied by the Brillili Go- verninenttlial thrie Coloniea *hou)d contri- bute all the fundi neceuary for the comple- tion of tile whole work, it appear* to be a far more eligible courio for thrae Colnniei toim- pote reciprocal dutieaupon all countriea, and apply the proceed* icrupuloualy lo the forma- t on of the Railroad, than tu adopt Mr. Huwei'i proposition to obtain a loaa from the HritUh Government. Hucireationit relative to the forniittlon of a Hallroad from Halifax to Quebec, submitted to tbe Riirbt Honble. Earl Utey, In narcht 1847t through J. B. Uniackef Enq^ Secre* tary of tbe Railroad Committee of Nova Scotlat I suppose all parties are now waiting for the aotiun of Government, and their atten- tion is too much occupied ic cnaea of life and death ander their immediate view* to admit of deliberate consideration of Co.onlal Inter- ests; but if there ever we -e a time when a Colonial Secretary was competent to the task of carrying out a large, comprehensive, and well digested pan for the improvement of the N'ortli American Colonies, we confi- dently believe that we have now, in the per- son of Earl Grey, tha very statesman we re- quire. We believe, also, that His Lordship will be ably seconded by our Governor Ge- neral, Mhn, we anticipate will do more for the welfare of these Provinces, than any of his predecessors have been capable of doing. You have probably had interviews with Lord Grey, uiid must probably the Railroad has been the subject of conversation and you may possibly be in possession of His Lord- ship's views. Rumour states that they are tavurable tu a confederation of these Colo, nies. The completion of the Railroad will leave ni> apparent obs'acle in the way of such u measure, as the co-imunicalion between Halifax and Quebec w.il be as easy as be- tween Halifax and Annapolis, and the Su- preme Courts of Justice can ti.en beheld in the different Provinces of the Governinent with as much ease and at no greater interval of time than now exis s in the sitting of our Supreme Courts in the difTerent counties of this Province. Besides, the transport of troops and the munitions of war wou'd be so much lacilitated, that two-thirds, or perhaps one half the number of troops would be more efficient in repressing any disturbances in the Provinces or repelling a foreign foe, than are now rendered necessary by the difficul- ties of inter-communication. Such being my opinion, in which I trust you will coin- cide, the formation of the Riilroad is essen- tially of such character as tu entitle it lotho consideration of the Colonial Secretary, and through him that of tho Imperial Govern- ment. Y"u may perhapp enquire, what saggenti- nns i have to make, to induce the Imperial Parliament to engage in so extensive and et- *ln Iieltnd. pemsive an undertaking for these Colonies, which might call for an expenditure of three or four millions of rn>;ney. I cannot state my views in extensu in this corai!ivill be much bene* fitted by the Railroad, it is not too much' tu expect, and I think little doubt can b» en- tertained that they will cheerfully jrrantone tenth part of their net revenue tor 10 years, towards so important an object. The euni thus granted by \'en Colonial Le|;isl»iure, would •moiinl to lulf a million, «iid tlif (imi iiiipreMion on my mind 11. tlial in (lie tfn iucceedii.g yesr», they woiiM !,« repHid the whole HUN) liy t at least 1,000,000 emigrants be provided I cannot in any view which I lake of the subject, and allowing lor the niostliberjl acts of the (iuvernmeut in free yrants lo Kmi- grants employed upon the Road, conceive il possible that the Cost of the Ruilfoad lo the imperial tiovernment can amouiit t ■ one million, and the carria^je of Coals alone wmild mere than pay the Interest of that sum. This should emplMlically be .1 Government measure and the H.iilroad, but more particu l*rly th ! Klectric T^ legraph, should be under Imperial niaiiagemenl. 1 think, !iiy dear Sir, liad the Klectric Tele- grapli been in operation the last Summer and had the Uovernment tr.ins'iiittud lin,-e, by the last Steamer, alter the liict was uscer- lamed '.'-h intelligence of thii extent of the supply of Flour and provisions which wo'ild be required to meet thj destitution in Ire- land, and such intelligence ceiiimunicaled by Telegraph to tiuebou, the Cinninissarial or if such l.ad been tin pleaiiuio of Gnvern- menl, llritish merchants might have pur chased m the United States an abundant sup- ply at a saving of at least one million of pounds Mterling. Such beioL' iny views, you may perhaps enquire why I h*ve not endeavoured lo im- press their importance and feasibililv upon the mind of our e.x';ellent Lieut. Governor, and prevail upon him to transmit tham witli his reuommenditinn to (liP Colonial Office. My reply is, Ih. t in the rirst place, onr I'ro- vincial Gevernnieut or, :y extends over a siiiall portion of the territory lo be Iransversed by the li.ne.and the plan wouid nut be co-npe- rated in so heartily by the other Colonies a» would be the case if it orij^inated in a higher authority Should Karl Giey view the sub- ject favorably and give it hts high sanction, the plan would be adopted and go into im- mediate operation ; His Lordship's views would bo moulded into the shajie and have th* authority of an ofTicial despatch cillins: upon the Colonial Lejfiplaliires lo appropri~ ale one tenth of their Revenues for 10 years to this ull important subject. Besides we know that con^litutionary and practically the Right Honorable the Secre- tary of Slate for the Colonie.s is Vice Roy or Guvernor General uf all the British Colonies ■ nd wields all the powers and prerogatives of the Crown requisite to carry out his views lor the well being and government of the j.oloinM ll Mi«y b. rial rejfard. Thenp itrjtinli CoIoimpm ar(» j;r("alpr in pi t^iil llian Dm; ol' tlip proudrit nioimrcliie* of Kiirope, bound to ihs Ilriliih Government by llto itrongiMt tii>ii of prolectiDri, loyalty, and iriiereMi, iioi to lip broken by intpstine divi. • lonn or aitaokd oC a loreijfn fue. They could r»i»p K iupply of proviiiooa abundant (or llie rrdionry wani« o( (ireat Dritain and Ireland rurniilied wiili lui oiitlt't nt nil leafoni of tbe year to n Britisli market. Tliia ^fpat work can be accntnplialied by the Uovernriientat n iniall expense. Hut I need not enlarj^e ; if you adopt the TiewH you cun dilate andilluatrate them with far more eH'eot than I can, and prove the fldvantagea of this plan over iliat of a Com- uany componed of discordon'. uiatcriali, the Kni{li»h CapitiilisitH seeking tor t!ie utmost poMible profit, and the Colonial Subscriber* •eoking to draw collateral advantage of agri- cultural and commercial intprests. To your care I roniuut the subject I have not men- tioned It to any person here. I am, dear Sir, Your Obt. Servant, H. H. COGSWELL. J. H. Uniacki, Ksq., M. p. P. The Ibregoing suggestion! for the Con- ■Uuction of a Railroad from Halifax to Que- bec in the line recommended by the Royal CommissionerM, moy still inpnt consideration in case the proposition of the Colonial Secre- tary which bus been accepted by Mr. Howe should from some diflicuhy in the details not be finally adopted by the Legialatu.es of these Colonien. Considering the immense magni- tude of this enterprise and our Colonial posi- tion, with no more advantage in British markeuat home, or in other British Colonies than foreigners, with no power to enter into treaty atipulations with foreign governments to obtain reciprocal advantages for our pro. ductionsai.d manufactures— and considering the advantages which Great Britain would derive from the construction of this Railroad, a strong claim ii made out upon tho British Government, for generous and efficient aid to these Colonies. Some of the advantages may be thus briefly recapitulated. The Railroad and its consequences would absorb the redundant population of Great Britain and Ireland who are now a great bur- den ond expense to the Mother government and provide a happy and prosperous home for every person she could spare. They would become ai residents in these Colonies, pur- ohasersto a large amount of British manufac- tures now fastundertlie present system being given up for those of the United States, and ioon be producers of a supply of Bread Otuffs and proTisions at a reasonable rate, in all future time to make up any deficiency in home productions without any reliance upon foreigners. Some of the advantages derivable to Groat Britain must be predicated upon the supposi- tion that she is desirous of retaining these Colonies as a part of her immense empire and at the JeAit possible espenie. lary force might \tr ooniidereU necetsary lor the dpfen-eand prolrctiun of thps.> Colon es in our present stale nii<»ht be diminished one half diiil lip as efficient lor suelt purpose aUer the fKinntion of the R.iilrond in the whole can lie williout it. The saving thus made n.'vjUt lip np;,:ied in aid of the railroad fund. Upon inquiry, a tolerably fair estiinalH luiglit be made of the sum to lip so applied— ssy that the present force of all arms in these Colonies ainounia to 12 regimentk at the averaire eosl of £30, 000 per annum lor eacl* ropment— and say that 6 regiments will then be sufficient with a Military Bell' >wient of 10,000 persons along the line of the Head, receiving no i. '.'utiry pay, unless embodied in time of war, and the sum of XlOi ,000 per annum would be appli- cable to the Railroad without pecuniary loss to the British Government, Add to this, the ■um of £47,000 per annum which is now paiu to tho United S'stes Governmnnt for the transit ol our M.iilii tli-mgh its territory, and which then would pass over the Railroad. A saving would then be made applicable to the road of £:i27,000 per annu- .. The interest upon five millions to be advanced from time to time as required would amount altogether to £150,000 per annum, leaving £77,000 per annum as a sinking fund to pay ofT the principal. Add to the toregoing tbe Colonial grants of £70,000 p-.r annum lor 20 years, and we should have £l,4U0,0OO appli. cable towards th: extinction of the principal, leaving apparently no danger of ultimate pecuniary loss. Then take into consideration the value of Five millions of acres of land including it* minerals, all poasessini; a Railroad to the markets of Quebec and Halifax. The value of these, after making liberal deduction* for free grants to the military settlers, may with railroad stations forming the nuclei of from SO to 100 cities, he estimated at a sum of at lenst two millions and a half, immediately 8i.; 'i-^able to the extinction of ihe debt. '•■ . >uld the foregoing view of the subject bt cunpidered exaggerated, and should it be ascertained after a fair investigation if th* subject — that the British Government, giving full credit for the Savings in the military expenditure and the carriage of the Mail* and the Colonial grants, have to advance more, the three Colonial Governments should be required to give security lor the repay- ment of the excess. The plan wa**ubmitted to Earl Grey with- out the influence of any political bodies to bia* Hi* Lotdahip'* deliberate opinion in it* favor — perhftp* no Colonial Secretary liad previously enjoyed a like opportunity of doing 80 much good, at so small an expen*« to so many Colonies, confided to his care. The consequences likely to follow from the performance of this great work mijjht be ex- pected to be something like the following. The rescorces of these Colonies would bo rjpidly developed; our fisherie*, equal to any in the wgrld,— now contending with foreign fisherie* in our vicinity encouraged by boun- tiei to an enormous amount, — would be aug- mented to an extant which would enable tEt fishermen toboait *• We draw a* much hunan flM4 flwrn ite waWit wliiah Mrrounrf our •h«r*. •• « like Buaibar el Afrtenliarialt do, IVmiUm Undf whioh lh«/ iitlitbtl and anlli- »•!•." Tha Af rieulturial might raply " wa will undartalia to aupply Graal Britain with all tlia corn and proviaiona aha n.ay raquira in aid of home produetiona at the pretent low prioaa, If avar auch pricea can be anoured to ua in preference to loreignara." It ia aaid.ihat tha eriabrated Mr. Canning toward tha eloaa of hia caraer, in raviewing bia political eourte marked aa bia graataat aoklatamaal, •• I hava oallad into eiiatanee a M« world to rtdrcaa Ika baknoa of tha old." Hew muoii prouder might have been tbebeaat of Karl Orejr, bad h« availed hini- aelf of Iba oppertunidea he po»e«aed of eoa< atrueting the great railroad : "1 hive provided a happjrhomefoi er.'rjr man in Oreat BriUin and Ireland, wiihing to emigrate ; 1 ^ava created a Britiah Empire in tha Weat, tha greateit that esiata in any quarter of the globe." Three emphatic worda would have formed aa glorioua an inacriptinn upon a monuniei.t to be erected to hia memorv in thOKe Coloniaa, aa anjr recorded Epitapn ot any Statearoan, in by.gone agaiof tJie world.